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4th of July Crafts: Blogger Edition 2010
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Have fun in the sun with great ideas for summer crafts. These summer craft projects and simple summer crafts are a blast to do outside enjoying the weather. You can make beach crafts, flower crafts, or wearable crafts as fun summer craft activities.
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Music Thee Emergency in Portland
Seattle's Thee Emergency were in Portland this week, and our Mercury web editor, Christine Blystone, recorded an awesome podcast with them:
One of my new favorite bands is Seattle-based rockers Thee Emergency. They just released an album a little over a week ago, and are currently on a U.S. tour. While in PDX this week, they stopped by to talk to me about their amazing year together as a band, broken wrists, and how they drive their fans to drink.
Be sure to check out the podcast here, which also includes two tracks off their new album Can You Dig It?
(That's Christine and the band, in the Mercury's teeny tiny recording/archive broom closet.)

subset: commoncrawl


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Windows 8 final ready for download, and there's a 90-day trial
By Dwight Silverman on August 16, 2012 at 6:22 AM
When Windows 7 and Vista were released, Microsoft made it easy to try out those operating systems with a 30-day trial period. In fact, you could install them without entering a product key, and some folks figured out that – with a little hackery – you could extend the trial period to 120 days. But […] …


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The 7th Durrow Scarecrow Festival is a quirky festival with something for young and old alike. Including the All Ireland Scarecrow Championship, this is an event not to be missed!
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"Tuscany, a timeless treasure" Top 5 Page for this destination Tuscany Travelogue by deecat
Tuscany Travel Guide: 10,875 reviews and 28,126 photos
Just as we were leaving Cortona, we spotted a pretty church and a graveyard. We stopped to peruse the scene, and were we glad that we did.
It gave us the opportunity to see some of the local traditions and customs. The picture shows a sample of how the graves are kept. Note the pictures in frames that have been here for decades and are preserved beautifully.
Note, too, the oil lamp which is lit in honor of the dead. I found this custom so spiritual and dignified. It gives the viewer (stranger) an opportunity to know more about the deceased
American graveyards seem so much less personal, don't you think?
I snapped this photo in Florence when I saw all these birds sitting on this statue. It made me smile.
My husband Allan took this photograph of me admiring the lingerie in an Intimate Apparel Shoppe in Florence.
After I knew that we would be visiting Tuscany, I either bought or was given ALL of Frances Mayes's books about Tuscany.
Speaking of influences!
So, Cortona was a must for us.
In Cortona, one has to park the car in the parking lot and walk up-up-up to the town. Lots of great shops, restaurants, and outdoor markets.
We ate the best Bruchetta ever at La Villa in Cortona.
Here I am at the fruttissima checking out the tomatoes. The owner was such a great guy and quite humorous.
The thing about all of Italy is the custom of shopping each and every day at the local markets (indoor and out), bakeries, meat stores, etc. Everything is so good at mealtime because everything is so fresh.
This picture was taken from Pienza's wall overlooking the countryside below.
This is beautiful country. Pope Pias I had Pienza built. The Duomo is flooded with light from the huge stained glass windows that the Pope requested because he wanted "domus vitrea"-a house of glass to symbolize the spirit of intellectual enlightment of the Humanist Age..
Pienza has the best of both worlds...the natural and the man-
made. The picture shows me under a gigantic Wisteria vine...you can tell from the size of the limbs that it is quite an ancient vine. Wisteria abounds in Pienza.
It has been called the "Model Renaissance city". Even though the Pope hired Bernardo Rossellino to design the whole city, only the papal palace and the cathedral were completed because Rossellino embezzled most of the funds!
On Sunday, April 29 we were in San Gimignano, and it was jam-packed because it was a holiday.
Tourist were certainly in the minority on this day. We could not find a place to park so we had to walk a long distance to the hotel.
That evening, we ate outdoors at La Vecchio Mura. It was excellent and so romantic.
On the way to the restaurant, I took this picture of Allan in a narrow walkway and the picture of the two locals who were so proud to have us take their picture.
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Hello Everyone!
Its been awhile!
This has actually been a VERY tough month for me personally! That is no excuse for not blogging, but it's the truth. Either way, I have stuck to my fitness routine, despite all the craziness! It may have even kept me sane!
I have learned so much about myself these past few months! I've learned that I am a really strong person. I have also learned that fitness is a lifestyle, not a quick-fix. No matter what's going on in my life, I know now that I will always keep it up!
And now, Drum Roll please....
I have lost 7 lbs during this process! who-hoo!
CONGRATS to everyone who participated! GOOD LUCK on Sunday!! I'm really looking forward to it!
The time is here in 2 days! Packet pick up here in Houston tomorrow. The international festival is going on, I did not know if these were tied together but it's pretty cool anyhow. Congratulations to all! Especially "Team walk it off", ya'll rock! Have a great day!
What's next?
#724 finishes with record time
#724 finishes with record time
6K Walked in 55 minutes!
255-238.5= -16.5lbs; 6k results-43:02/11:37 pace
ACTIVE is the leader in online event registrations from 5k running races and marathons to softball leagues and local events. ACTIVE also makes it easy to learn and prepare for all the things you love to do with expert resources, training plans and fitness calculators.


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Borderlands 2 Mechromancer gets the Sir Hammerlock treatment
Pandora tourism liaison Sir Hammerlock is back with another information-filled guide to the world of Borderlands 2. Our charmingly voiced guide offers a helpful guide to Gaige, the Mechromancer, the newly added fifth class, explaining her unique anarchy system.
After watching this, you'll probably want to see more of Gaige; watch Sam put her through her paces.
If you pre-ordered Borderlands 2 you ought to have qualified for the free DLC, but otherwise, it'll set back $9.99/£7.99/800 MS Points.
Sir Hammerlock also offers a general introduction to Pandora.
Thanks, EvilAvatar.
Sometimes we include links to online retail stores. If you click on one and make a purchase we may receive a small commission. For more information, go here.


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Close Game Room: March Roundup 0 0 More 0 0 0 View Gallery Next Previous Next Sony Entertainment MLB 10 The Show For the past couple of years, The Show has owned the title of best baseball simulation on the market. This year's build goes a step further, putting the franchise in position to knock Madden off the pedestal as best overall sport simulation. The first-person Road to the Show 4.0 ups the ante by allowing you to play as a catcher and call all the shots from behind the plate. The visuals are spectacular, from stadium renderings, to All-Star face details, to in-game animations. Online play offers fully functioning 30-team leagues for you and your friends. This is the video game version of a can't-miss five-tool prospect.

Score: 9.5/10 1|10 2K Sports MLB 2K10 2K Sports stepped up its game for the franchise's 10th birthday. The new first-person career mode, in which you try to work your way up from the minors to the Hall of Fame, is the best way to experience the revamped hitting and pitching controls. The new controls are heavy on the joystick and a little hard to get used to, but detailed scouting reports will be a dream to sift through for baseball stat heads. The graphics really shine thanks to the Signature Style feature, which mimics baseball's biggest stars down to their batter's box routine. Unfortunately, there are too many glitches during gameplay for a next-generation console title, which detracts from the action.

Score: 7/10 2|10 EA/Dice Battlefield: Bad Company 2 The first-person war shooter is a genre that has flooded the market over the past few years. Bad Company 2 is the latest to join the ranks, but right away you'll realize it's a huge improvement over the first game. The plot is pretty contrived -- your unit must track down an enigmatic super weapon dating back to World War II -- but it doesn't really matter. The action in the game is engaging and varied, as you get missions in vehicles, as a sniper, defending positions and plowing through enemy positions. The graphics are very good, and the amount of destructible elements throughout lends a real-world feel. The campaign is pretty short, but the game delivers a very strong multiplayer experience to make up for the length. With a good selection of modes and options, the multiplayer does a great job emphasizing team play.

Rating: 9/10 3|10 EA Sports Tiger Woods PGA Tour 11 He's back, and he's not alone. For the first time, Tiger Woods will have company on the game cover of EA's popular PGA Tour series. You might think the decision to include golfer Rory McIlroy on the cover was a result of Tiger's scandalous off-field activities, but EA says the shared cover is intended to enhance a new Ryder Cup mode that allows players to compete on teams in the prestigious event. Want Tiger on your team? 4|10 2K Sports NHL 2K11 Vancouver Canucks forward Ryan Kesler has been tapped as the cover boy for the next installment of 2K's hockey game. 2K says the game will only be available for the Wii, and not the Xbox 360 or PlayStation 3. With the recent news that EA isn't putting out an NCAA Basketball this year, it seems as if companies are starting to back away from the shotgun approach. Whether that's a good thing remains to be seen. 5|10 Capcom MotoGP 09/10 The MotoGP franchise has been more rollercoaster, less motorcycle, over the past few years. But thanks to a complete retooling, the 09/10 game seems headed in the right direction. The game is very approachable, featuring four difficulty settings and light customization of the bikes. Controls are responsive and easy to learn. There's also an ideal racing line on the track -- you can toggle it on and off -- to help you learn the layouts of the tracks. The game sports arcade, championship and career modes, as well as three racing classes: 125cc, 250cc and 800cc. The look of the game is a little washed out, and the graphics don't measure up to the likes of Forza 3. The biggest disappointment, though, is the sound. Many of the bikes sound more like wasps than roaring engines. Ultimately, the game is far more arcade than simulation, but it's worth a look for motorcycling racing fans.

 Rating: 7/10 6|10 Sony Entertainment God of War III Kratos, son of Zeus, returns to wrap up his quest for vengeance in God of War III. Fans have waited three years for this sequel, which is easily a system seller for the Playstaion 3. GOW3 simply looks and sounds amazing. The textures, details and sheer creativity of the level design are present throughout the game. The action matches the superior graphics, as users fight through hordes of monsters in epic locations before facing tremendous boss battles. The control scheme is very similar to the last game, where various attacks are mapped to buttons, though you can now switch weapons on the fly. This game is rated M for Mature and features plenty of gore and blood, but that's obviously part of it's' appeal.

Rating: 9.5/10 7|10 John Harrelson/Getty Images The Road Warrior If playing a great God of War III game isn't enough for you, then take it a step further and root for NASCAR driver Joey Logano. On March 21, Logano raced the No. 20 car in the Scotts Turf Builder 300 to a 14th place finish with Kratos' eyes emblazoned on the hood of his car. Suck on that, Zeus! 8|10 David-Greedy/Getty Images Classic Gaming Expo Have a hankering for some Atari 2600 goodness? Wish you could fire up a game of Missile Command or track down an Intellivision game you once worshiped? Look no further than the Classic Gaming Expo. This year the Expo will be held in Las Vegas at the Tropicana Hotel from July 31-Aug. 1. 9|10 Nintendo Donkey Kong Record Speaking of classic gaming glory, there's a new record for the arcade Donkey Kong. On March 8, official record-keeping site, Twin Galaxies, confirmed Hank Chien's new record of 1,061,700 points. Chien's score, which was verified via a DVD of his performance, pushed him past previous record-holder Billy Mitchell. Mitchell and fellow Donkey Kong record-holder Steve Weibe were the stars of the documentary King of Kong, a must-watch movie for video game fans of all stripes. Congratulations Hank! 10|10 Next up MLB Four years before he became Minnesota's $184 million man, Joe Mauer (right) was an average 23-year-old sharing a house with his friend, Justin Morneau (left). In 2006, SI took a camera to check out their bachelor pad. Here are some shots from that assignment. 13 Cribs: Joe Mauer & Justin Morneau March 23, 2010 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 More Recommended Galleries More Sports 7 Unlikely Sports Friendships 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 More More Sports Maria Sharapova serves to Justine Henin at the 2007 Sony Ericsson WTA Tour Championships in Madrid, Spain. 88 The View From Above 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 More More Sports @SInow the hope and dream of returning to the #Indy500 each year... #KeepGoodGoing #IndyCar 12 Celebrating your inspirations: How did you defy the odds? 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 More


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Grapes In Orange Juice Cocktail
|Seedless grapes
|2 Cup (32 tbs)
|Orange juice
|1 1⁄4 Cup (20 tbs)
|Bottled lime juice
|1 1⁄2 Tablespoon
Stem the grapes and chill thoroughly.
One half hour before serving arrange 1/3 cup. grapes in each sherbet glass.
Combine the orange juice and lime juice and sweeten.
Stir well and pour over the grapes, allowing about 1/3 cup for each glass.
Chill until ready to serve, then garnish each with a sprig of mint.
If desired, fresh raspberries may be substituted for the seedless grapes.
Recipe Summary
Rate It
Nutrition Rank
Nutrition Facts
Serving size
Calories 61 Calories from Fat 2
% Daily Value*
Total Fat 0.2 g0.3%
Saturated Fat 0.04 g0.21%
Trans Fat 0 g
Cholesterol 0 mg
Sodium 2.2 mg0.1%
Total Carbohydrates 15 g5.1%
Dietary Fiber 0.6 g2.4%
Sugars 12.6 g
Protein 0.76 g1.5%
Vitamin A 2.8% Vitamin C 53.1%
Calcium 1.1% Iron 1.7%
*Based on a 2000 Calorie diet


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User Reviews & Ratings - AZO Standard oral
Read user comments about the side effects, benefits, and effectiveness of AZO Standard oral.
Overall User Ratings26 Total User Reviews
User Reviews
Learn about
User Reviews
Reviewer: kstr16, 25-34 Female on Treatment for less than 1 month (Patient)
Ease of Use
I had a UTI that came on suddenly and was very uncomfortable - AZO relieved the feeling of "pressure" on my bladder, the frequent urge to urinate, and burning of urination. Last quite a long time as well.
Reviewer: pauterson, 19-24 Female on Treatment for less than 1 month (Patient)
Ease of Use
The product was very effective and I would recommend using it, but I will not continue the use after having the bloody urine after use along with stomach and abdominal pain.
Reviewer: Maris, 25-34 Female on Treatment for 5 to less than 10 years (Patient)
Ease of Use
I have had my share of UTI's, AZO is my bestfriend when it comes to UTI's. I carry some in my purse cause you never know when one might come on. This takes away the burn and the frequency of a UTI.
found this review helpful.
Was this review helpful? Yes | No
Reviewer: Kelise, 45-54 Female on Treatment for less than 1 month (Patient)
Ease of Use
I had 2 UTI infections back to back and this product made things so much easier for me. It took away the pressure, and burning with urination. One single pill works for 12 hours. I only took half the dosage. This is good stuff, I highly recommend it until your antibiotic starts working.
Reviewer: saverguy, 65-74 Female on Treatment for less than 1 month (Patient)
Ease of Use
Took 3 Advil, which are usually very effective. Pharmacist advised that this would be better for UTI. Cannot believe how well it relieved my discomfort. Highly recommend for sufferers with the symptoms described.
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Release Date:
August 16, 2011
Date Published:
August 16, 2011
Jake Green and Robert Hawkins have found safety in Texas and after they are contacted by John Smith, the man responsible for the first strike, they must decide if they can side with him as the Cheyenne army threatens to begin a civil war.
Genre: Comics + Graphic Novels
Sub-Genre: Graphic Novels / Media Tie-In, Graphic Novels / Science Fiction
- Genre: Comics + Graphic Novels
- Subgenre: Graphic Novels / Science Fiction, Graphic Novels / Media Tie-In
- Language: English
- Release Date: August 16, 2011
- Author: Dan Shotz , Robert Levine , Jason M. Burns , Matthew Federman
other Info.
- Online Item #: 13482699
- Store Item Number (DPCI): 248-66-7237
- Item can be gift wrapped.
- Made in the USA or Imported


text:
|Publication number
|Publication type
|Application number
|Publication date
|Jul 21, 2009
|Priority date
|Dec 11, 2003
|Fee status
|Also published as
|Publication number
|Hisao Shirasawa
|Original Assignee
|Ricoh Company, Ltd.
|Export Citation
|BiBTeX, EndNote, RefMan
|Patent Citations (29), Non-Patent Citations (2), Referenced by (27), Classifications (21), Legal Events (2)
|External Links: USPTO, USPTO Assignment, Espacenet
The present application claims priority to the corresponding Japanese Application No. 2003-412875, filed on Dec. 11, 2003, the entire contents of which are hereby incorporated by reference.
1. Field of the Invention
The present invention generally relates to a color signal processing technique and a color profile creation technique applied to color image reproducing apparatuses, such as color facsimile machines, color printers, or color copiers. The present invention particularly relates to a technique required to convert input color image signals to chromatic signals suitable to color image output apparatuses.
2. Description of Related Art
In general, four color components, cyan (C), magenta (M), yellow (Y), and black (K), are used when reproducing color images in electrophotographic printing or inkjet recording. Black ink is used because using only three colors of yellow, magenta, and cyan cannot achieve satisfactory image reproduction, lacking sharp image contrast, due to insufficient coloration. On the other hand, input color signals are typically represented by three components of a three-dimensional color space, such as the L*a*b* color space or the L*u*v* color space independent of devices and equipment, or the RGB color space used for monitoring signals. For this reason, the color signals have to be converted from the three-dimensional color space to the four-dimensional color space when reproducing a color image. However, since there are a number of CMYK signal levels equivalent to a three-dimensional input color signal, a problem occurs.
To overcome this problem, various color separation techniques have been proposed. In color separation, a K signal is determined from the input Lab signals under prescribed conditions, and then, a set of CMYS signals calorimetrically consistent with the Lab signals are determined, using a mapping function modeling the relation between the CMYK outputs and the Lab signals.
For example, Japanese Patent No. 3360358 (Publication 1) discloses a technique for converting color value information to 4-dimensional CMYK values. In this publication, mapping conversion means is used to determine CMY output signals based on the K output level and the input color value information of the uniform color space. The K output level is varied in a stepwise manner, and a set of CMY output signals corresponding to the input color values is estimated every time the K output value is updated to determine the range (Kmax and Kmin) of the K output level. The maximum K value (Kmax) is multiplied by a coefficient to determine a definitive K output value so as not to be below the minimum level of black (Kmin). The final CMY output values are determined using the K output value, by use of the mapping conversion means. Since the mapping conversion is calorimetric conversion, the input color values are faithfully reflected in the CMYK signals.
Another publication JP 5-292306A (Publication 2) discloses a method for determining an actual ink amount. This method is similar to the above-described method, and a black adjusting coefficient is determined according to the pixel characteristics of the input image, and an actual amount of black is determined based on the maximum possible black amount and the black adjusting coefficient.
Still another publication JP 10-173948A (Publication 3) discloses a technique for realizing high-resolution color reproduction by further optimizing the color separation in accordance with the input image characteristics. In this publication, a gray histogram of the image is created to acquire analytical data including color distribution, the brightest point and the darkest point. A black version (k version) control amount is set with respect to the analytical data such that the printing stability becomes satisfactory. The k version control amount reflects the condition of k version constraint to perform color separation to CMYK values.
Meanwhile, image reproducing apparatuses using a light black (Lk) ink with a lower density than an ordinary black ink have been developed. See, for example, JP 2003-192967A (Publication 4). Such image reproducing apparatuses are advantageous in the viewpoints of:
If the method of JP Patent No. 3360358 for determining an output signal level so as to be calorimetrically consistent with the input color value is applied to an image reproducing apparatus using a light black ink, color separation becomes difficult because there are still many combinations of CMY and light black (Lk) equivalent to the input color value existing even if a black output level is determined.
A conventional color separation for light black (Lk) ink is disclosed in, for example, JP 2002-67355A (Publication 5). The input image is converted to a set of CMYK signals consistent with the coloring characteristics of the output device, after having been subjected to Log transform, k generation and masking. The CMYK signals are further subjected to gamma conversion and multi-level error spreading for quantization, and the quantized data are transformed at each of the quantization levels using pallet matrix (referred to as pallet conversion). After the pallet conversion, each pixel level is converted to three-level signals representing no ink, light ink, and dark ink. In this manner, color separation into dark and light inks is performed through pallet conversion.
Another publication JP 2001-277552A (Publication 6) proposes a technique for performing color separation using light black ink for those colors that are likely to become granular if using black ink with an ordinary brightness.
The color separation disclosed in Publication 4 (JP 2003-192967A) cannot make use of the advantages of light black. This problem is explained below.
In a color image reproducing apparatus using ordinary four colors of CMYK, granularity is generally degraded because dots become noticeable when black ink is used with respect to a highlight color image, as compared with using chromatic colors. For this reason, black ink is not used for highlight colors.
Such problems in image quality can be reduced when using light black ink because dots are less noticeable than ordinary black ink. Accordingly, color separation may be performed at a high black ratio with an increased amount of black components, by appropriately combining black and light black. If such a high black ratio color separation is realized, various effects of improving the image quality can be expected.
In Publication 4, color is separated into light black and black at the palette converting unit, so that both ink consumption and the image quality cannot be satisfied simultaneously. This problem is explained with reference to
First, consideration is made of five color reproduction along the white-black achromatic color axis. Along the achromatic color axis, if black is used for a highlight color, granularity becomes conspicuous because of a large difference in brightness from the white background. Accordingly, in order to perform color reproduction at a high black ratio, color reproduction is performed using only light black ink on the highlight side, and black ink is jetted when the density has increased to some extent.
Next, along the blue-black axis, the density of a blue color reproduced by a combination of magenta and cyan is high. Granularity is inconspicuous even if black is applied over the blue color because the microscopic difference in brightness is small and dots are not perceptible. Accordingly, black ink can be used from the beginning.
On the other hand, from the viewpoint of ink consumption, using black, rather than light black, is advantageous. Especially in printers, the total ink consumption may exceed the upper limit when using too much light black due to constraints on the printers concerning the total amount of ink to be ejected, and consequently, the color reproducible range is narrowed. For this reason, the color separation illustrated in
However, the color separation using palette conversion is adapted to conduct color separation into a light black component and a black component, based on a k-signal generated after multilevel error spreading. For this reason, it becomes impossible to adjust the color separation levels of black and light black according to the input color value to be reproduced. Thus, the image quality and ink consumption requirement cannot be achieved simultaneously.
Still another publication JP 2001-277552A (Publication 6) discloses an apparatus that determines light black and black taking granularity into account; however, there is no clear description about creation of a color conversion table. Inferring implementation of this technique, a pattern is determined, taking granularity and ink duty into account, for three cases, that is, CMY color reproduction, CMYLk color reproduction, and CMYK color reproduction. Under the use of light black ink for a highlight color, it is necessary to replace light black ink by black ink when the brightness decreases to a certain extent. If light black is switched suddenly to black at the threshold level of brightness, pseudo outlines appear and the image quality is degraded, and therefore, the black level and the light black level have to change continuously, as explained above with reference to
Color signal processing and color profile creation method and apparatus for color image reproduction are described. In one embodiment, the color signal processing method comprises determining a black output level and a light black output level such that a color reproduced by the output color levels is calorimetrically consistent with the color value information, and that a total output level of the three chromatic colors becomes the minimum.
Other objects, features, and advantages of the present invention will become more apparent from the following detailed description when read in conjunction with the accompanying drawings, in which:
The present invention is conceived in view of the above-described problems, and an embodiment of the present invention includes a technique for outputting the optimum levels of black ink and light black ink according to the input color value.
To achieve the embodiment, in one embodiment of the invention, a color signal processing method for converting color value information represented in a uniform color space into a set of five output color levels consisting of black, light black, and three chromatic colors, is provided. In this method, a black output level and a light black output level are determined such that a color reproduced from the output color levels is colorimetrically consistent with the input color value, and that the total of the output levels of the three chromatic colors becomes the minimum.
In another embodiment of the invention, a signal processing method for converting color value information represented in a uniform color space into a set of five output color levels of black, light black, and three chromatic colors, includes the operations of:
In a preferred example, this method further includes the operations of:
In still another embodiment of the invention, a color profile creating method for converting an input color signal into a set of output color levels of black, light black, and three chromatic colors is provided. The color profile creating method includes the operations of:
In yet another embodiment of the invention, a signal processing apparatus for converting input color value information represented in a uniform color space into a set of five output color levels of black, light black, and three chromatic colors is provided. The apparatus includes:
In a preferred example, the apparatus further includes a comprehensive image quality evaluation unit to evaluate a reproduced image quality. In this case, the evaluation result is fed back to the black level generating unit so as to optimize the black output level.
The preferred embodiment of the present invention is now explained below in conjunction with attached drawings. In the embodiments, color values in conformity to the CIE L*a*b* color space (Lab values) are used; however, the invention is not limited to this example. For example, CIE XYZ, CIE L*a*b*, CIE L*u*v*, CIECAM, JCH and other schemes can be used. Although, in the embodiment, five color materials, cyan (C), magenta(M), yellow (Y), black (K), and light black (Lk), are used, C, M and Y inks may be replaced by other colors, such as green (G) and orange (O).
1. Explanation of Basic Concept
First, explanation is made of the basic idea of embodiments of the present invention. When converting a Lab input signal set to a CMYKLk output signal set, an infinite number of solutions exist because of 3-input 5-output converting system. Therefore, one possible method is determining a K-version output signal by other means, and then converting a LabK set into a CMYLk set. Since this conversion is based on a 4-input 4-output converting system, it appears that a single solution may be determined. However, in reality, multiple CMYLk signal sets exist corresponding to the same LabK signal set, and therefore, a solution cannot be determined.
For example, consideration is made of an achromatic highlight color (L=80, a=0, and b=0). Such an achromatic highlight color can be reproduced by only light black ink, or alternatively, it can be reproduced by mixture of three colors of CMY or mixture of four colors of light black and CMY. In these patterns, the output level k of black is zero, and it is understood that many points satisfying the one-to-many relation still exist in the LabK to CMYLk conversion. Accordingly, some other constraint condition has to be added in order to determine the output level Lk of light black.
In the present invention, a constraint condition that the color values are to be reproduced under the maximum black condition is added when the K-version output signal and the Lk-version output signal are determined, thereby realizing Lab to CMYKLk conversion.
In general, for a CMYK four color printer, the "maximum black" is defined as the maximum amount of black ink that can reproduce a certain set of color values. However, since black is expressed by two types of inks, namely, k-version and Lk-version, for a CMYKLk printer, the conventional definition cannot be used as it is. Accordingly, in this specification, the "maximum black" is defined as a "combination of K output level and Lk output level that renders the input color value unreproducible if the ink amount of either K or Lk is further increased".
In order to reproduce the same color level as that of a color sample printed using two of the CMY output levels together with black and light black inks, by increasing one of black ink or light black ink, the amounts of inks of CMY have to be reduced. This means that it is substantially impossible to increase the black amount.
In other words, the maximum black condition is satisfied when the input color value is reproduced by a combination of output levels that minimizes the output level of the CMY component. By performing color processing based on the maximum black condition, color separation calorimetrically consistent with the input color value can be realized, while maintaining the total ink amount to be minimum.
(Overall Structure)
(Association between Color Values and Output Levels)
Next, in step S101, the 3273 color samples printed in step S100 are subjected to colorimetric measurement, and the measured color values (Lab values) are stored in memory M11. Using this colorimetric result (i.e., the Lab data) and the CMYKLk output data stored in the memory 10 in advance, an LabK to Lk mapping function, an Lab to CMY mapping function, and a CMYKLk to Lab mapping function are successively determined in steps S102, S103, and S104, respectively.
Concerning the LabK to Lk mapping function, a mapping function for associating a light black (Lk) output level with respect to the LabK signal is determined in step S102. The mapping function may be a nonlinear function realized by a known neural network (disclosed in, for example, JP 5-347703A), a known color prediction method (disclosed in, for example, JP 8-211684A), a known 4-dimensional LUT, or other suitable techniques. In this example, the mapping function is established using a neural network.
To establish a neural network, a combination of the input color value information (the Lab values) and a black output signal K of each of the 3276 printed color samples is input as a master signal, and an output signal Lk of each color sample is used as an output master signal. The input master signal and the output master signal are input again to the neural network to allow the network to learn repeatedly so as to minimize the error between the network output and the output master signal. After the neural network has learned sufficiently, the network configuration and the weighting value are stored as mapping parameters in the external storage M12 in step S102. When the mapping parameters are determined for all of the color samples, the determination of the LabK to Lk mapping function is terminated.
In this method, only the color sample data satisfying the maximum black condition are used as master data. Accordingly, if the Lab values (representing the input color signal) and the black output signal K are input to the neural network defined by the mapping parameters, a light black output signal Lk that satisfies the maximum black condition with respect to the input Lab values is acquired.
Similarly, when using a color prediction method, coefficients of a polynomial are determined by a least squares error method so as to minimize the predicted error of the light black output signal Lk that satisfies the maximum black condition.
Concerning the Lab to CMY mapping function and the CMYKLk to Lab mapping function, a mapping function for associating CMY output levels with respect to the Lab values and a mapping function for associating a Lab values with respect to the CMYKLk output signals are determined in steps S103 and S104, respectively. In step S103, the 3276 combinations of Lab values are used as input master signals, and the corresponding CMY output signals are used as output master signals. These master signals are input to the system repeatedly so as to allow the neural network to learn. After the learning, the network configuration and the weighting values are stored as mapping parameters in the external storage M13. Under the maximum black condition, there is only a single combination of CMY color materials corresponding to a set of Lab values, and therefore, a 3-input 3-output mapping function can be established.
In step S104, neural net learning is performed in a similar manner. However, the CMYKLk to Lab mapping function is used in an inverse mapping transform during the color signal conversion described below. If the conversion accuracy for those color combinations that do not satisfy the maximum black condition is significantly bad, satisfactory results may not be acquired. In such a case, neural net learning is performed using a color chart including color samples that do not satisfy the maximum black.
(Color Signal Conversion)
When all the mapping functions are determined, the input Lab color values are converted to CMYKLk output signals in the color signal conversion step or means 2, with reference to the mapping functions. The color signal conversion is explained in detail in conjunction with
First, four points are defined in the color phase of
Although explanation is made above using the R phase as an example, the same process applies to the rest of the six (CMYRGB) color phases to set the black starting point and the black saturation point in each phase.
For the space between these color phases, Bk output signals can be determined by interpolation using the parameters of the black starting points and the black saturation points of two adjacent color phases. The number of color phases may be increased, instead of using six color phases.
If six color phases are used, a black starting point and a black saturation point are set on each of the W-Bk line, C-Bk line, M-Bk line, Y-Bk line, R-Bk fine, G-Bk line, and B-Bk line, and therefore, black-version generation can be regulated finely for each of the color phases. In this manner, minute and precise black control can be realized, as compared with a conventional black version generation of the UCR scheme. Consequently, color reproduction satisfying simultaneously demands for less ink consumption and higher image quality can be realized.
Returning to
By performing steps S201 through S203, a set of output signals of cyan, magenta, yellow, black, and light black (CMYBLk) is determined. The calculated signal set may be output as it is; however, the output color components may be offset from the input color value in the actual process, due to the precision of the color conversion of the neural network. To overcome this problem, the Lab values are predicted again from the calculated values of the CMYKLk signal set, using the CMYKLk to Lab mapping function in step S204. The color difference between the calculated CMYLKk signal and the input signal represented by the Lab values is compared with a prescribed value to determine whether the color difference is within the prescribed range in step S205. If the deviation from the input Lab values is greater than the prescribed range (NO in S205), the output CMYKLk signal is corrected in step S206. Since the input color signal is a three-dimensional signal expressed by three color components, three of the output signal components have to be corrected. Then, the C, M, and Y levels of the output signal are corrected such that a CMYKLk output signal is calorimetrically consistent with the input color value. Using this type of converging operation can realize highly precise color conversion because error estimation is carried out in the uniform color space. Examples of the convergence algorithm performed in step S206 include, for example, a so-called Newton's method.
In place of the CMY components of the calculated output signal, other combinations, for example, light black (Lk), cyan (c) and yellow (Y) levels, mat be corrected. However, the converging operation is likely to be instable, and is often unsuitable to numerical computation.
Through the above-described color signal conversion, a color signal set that is calorimetrically consistent with an input Lab signal and satisfies the maximum black condition can be obtained.
Although in Example 1 a light black output level Lk is estimated from black output level K, a black output level K may be estimated from light black output level Lk. In this case, a LabLk to K mapping function, a Lab to CMY mapping function, and a CMYKLk to Lab mapping functions are determined. These mapping functions are determined by establishing a neural network using the colorimetric data of the color samples satisfying the maximum black condition, as in Example 1. When converting the input Lab signal, a light black output signal Lk is determined first, according to a Lk-version generating parameter. The light black output signal Lk can be generated by setting the starting point and the saturation point of the light black ink along the achromatic color axis in each of the basic six color phases, as in the black generation described in Example 1.
Then, a black ink output level K is calculated using the established LabLk to K mapping function. Then, the CMY output signal is calculated with respect to the input color signal (Lab values), using the Lab to CMY mapping function. Then, the CMY output signal is corrected so as to minimize the color difference from the input Lab values by converging operation, as in Example 1.
In Example 3, the black generating function is optimized based on the image quality evaluation. In Examples 1 and 2, a black output level K or a light black output level Lk is determined using a predetermined mapping function. However, in order to fully take advantage of the light black characteristic, black and light black generating functions should be optimized taking the granularity and/or ink consumption into account. Accordingly, optimization of the black generating function based on image quality evaluation is explained below.
When generating a CMYKLk output signal from Lab values, the output CMYLKk levels are determined by considering not only colorimetric agreement, but also image quality and ink consumption. For a highlight area in which granularity is noticeable, use of black ink is reduced as much as possible. In contrast, for a shadow area in which granularity is not noticeable, black ink is used so as to reduce the total amount of ink consumption. For example, using the chart shown in
(Overview of Optimization)
This process is generally referred to as an optimization problem. There are a variety of optimization methods, including simulated annealing method, genetic algorithm (GA), and Powell's method, and any of these methods may be employed.
If the K generating parameter is modified during the optimization process, all of the CMYKLk levels may be calculated again, as illustrated in
In addition, a constraint condition may be imposed on a predetermined parameter for the optimization process. For example, in a strict sense, the color expressed by black ink does not accurately satisfy the condition of a=b=0, but is slightly offset from the achromatic color axis. However, taking the metamerism characteristic into account, it is preferable to reproduce an achromatic color using only black ink and light black ink. Therefore, the CMY values on the achromatic color axis are fixed to zero in advance, and only K and Lk are optimized. This arrangement can prevent chromatic inks from mixing into achromatic inks.
(Comprehensive Evaluation)
Evaluation of Ink Consumption
First in step S301, multiple sets of Lab values are selected for evaluating ink consumption. Ink consumption differs depending on the input image; however, performing optimization every time an image is input is unrealistic because the optimization process takes time. In this example, an average amount of ink consumption is determined by using a number of input color values obtained at a number of evaluation points uniformly distributing over the L*a*b* space. If color values residing out of the color range of a printer are contained in the evaluation, an extra process for color range compression is required and the process becomes complicated. Accordingly, only those color values residing in the color range of the printer are used, as illustrated in
To be more precise, lattice points aligning at interval "d" in the Lab color space are defined, and determination is made for each lattice point whether the lattice point is located within the color range of the printer. The Lab values at each of the lattice points located within the color range are stored as a color value for evaluation. The appropriateness of the locations of the lattice points can be determined by performing signal conversion using the Lab to CMY mapping function and by examining whether the CMY values take appropriate values. The selected sets of the color values for evaluation (evaluation color values) are stored in the memory so as to repeatedly be read from the memory during the optimization process.
(Calculation of Evaluation Value for Ink Consumption)
Next, in step S302, an ink consumption evaluation value is calculated using the sets of color values for evaluation selected in step S301. The Lab to CMYKLk conversion described in Example 1 is performed on each of the evaluation color values to acquire an associated set of CMYKLk output levels. At the beginning of the optimization process, an initial parameter is used as the K generating parameter. As an example of the initial parameter, the black staring point is set to 1.0 in all the color phases, and the black saturation point is set to 0.0 in all the color phases.
When the CMYKLk output signal is estimated, the values of the respective components (C, M, Y, K, and Lk) are summed up to obtain the ink consumption at that estimation point. The ink consumption Tz for a certain color value z is expressed as
In this equation, it is assumed that each of the output levels of C, M, Y, K, and Lk is in proportion to the associated ink consumption. In order to evaluate more precisely, it is preferable to measure the relation between each of the output levels of C, M, Y, K, and Lk and the associated ink consumption, and to create a lookup table for allowing conversion to an actual amount of ink consumption. The ink consumption amounts of the respective color values (or the evaluation points) are summed up to obtain the ink consumption evaluation value.
Evaluation of Granularity
Next, granularity is evaluated in steps S303 and S304. Granularity varies depending on combinations of C, M, Y, and K even for the same input color. For example, the granularity of a highlight gray image reproduced using only black ink is greatly different from that reproduced using C, M and Y. In general, not using K leads to satisfactory granularity.
Granularity is likely to become large near the black ink starting point. Accordingly, the color values for evaluation are determined based on black output levels, with reference to the points of, for example, 1%, 10%, 20%, and 30%. An example of evaluation color value is explained in conjunction with
(Calculation of Granularity Evaluation Value)
The comprehensive image quality evaluation unit 11 determines granularity of each of the C, M, Y, K, and Lk, and calculates an average of these granularities to use the average as a granularity evaluation value. Alternatively, the worst value or a variance may be used. One method for determining the granularity from CMYKLk is outputting color samples of all the combinations of C, M, Y, K, and Lk (in an ideal sense), and measuring the granularity of each color sample using a known technique, such as a method disclosed in Imagawa et al., "Noise Evaluation Method for Halftone Image", Hardcopy ' 96, Collected Papers, at 189-192, 1996. The relation between each of the CMYKLk combinations and the associated granularity is then recorded. However, this method is unrealistic because of a huge number of color samples. Accordingly, it is proposed to create a five-dimensional lookup table based on granularity measurement performed on only a part of the combinations. When an unselected combination is input, the associated granularity is determined by memory map interpolation. However, this method still requires great labor for granularity measurement because of a large number of lattice points in the five-dimensional lookup table.
In contrast, embodiments of the present invention can reduce the number of color samples to be measured because of the maximum black condition. For example, if a five-dimensional lookup table is created by dividing each of C, M, Y, K, and Lk levels by eight, granularity has to be measured for 59049 (9^5=59049) color samples. However, under the maximum black condition, the output level of one of the CMY components is zero, and therefore, three lookup tables required for the respective cases of Y=0, C=0, and M=0. Since three four-dimensional lookup table are required, granularity measurement is conducted for 19683 (3*9^4=19683) color samples. The number of color samples can be reduced to one third. When determining the granularity from a CMYKLk signal in the optimization process, it is determined which color component has a zero output level, and the lookup table to be used is switched based on the determination result. This method can achieve the same precision as using a five-dimensional lookup table.
Comprehensive Evaluation
The comprehensive image quality evaluation unit 11 estimates a comprehensive evaluation value based on the ink consumption evaluation value and the granularity evaluation value. First, both the ink consumption evaluation value and the granularity evaluation value are normalized. In normalization of ink consumption evaluation value, the evaluation value of ink consumption using the maximum amount of black ink is normalized to "1".
For the granularity evaluation value, there is no specific value particularly suitable for normalization, and therefore, an arbitrary value is used appropriately. This normalization is not necessarily strict, and is performed so as to keep the evaluation values ranging from 0 to 1, by appropriately giving a black generating parameter and checking the distribution of the granularity evaluation values.
By rendering multiple evaluation scales substantially consistent with each other, the comprehensive evaluation values can be handled easily. If a greater value indicates a better condition in both the ink consumption evaluation value and the granularity evaluation value, then the comprehensive evaluation value (CEV) is expressed as a linear sum of these two evaluation values using positive coefficients α and β.
CEV=α*(ink consumption evaluation value)+β*(granularity evaluation value)
The black generating parameter is determined by optimization so as to maximize the comprehensive evaluation value. The coefficients α and β are adjusted appropriately depending on demand for reducing ink consumption or emphasis of image quality. In this way, the optimum color correcting parameter can be determined taking the ink consumption and granularity into account.
Example 4 is directed to a color signal processing apparatus using a color profile. In the previous examples, a CMYKLk output signal is determined for each input color value. However, in the previously described examples, the optimization process for optimizing the black generating parameter takes time, and is unsuitable to real-time operations. Accordingly, it is desirable for use a color profile created in advance by the method described above when actually outputting a color image from a printer or other image reproducing apparatuses. In this case, multi-dimensional memory map interpolation is performed to convert an input color signal to an output signal.
In memory map interpolation, a three-dimensional space of interpolation in which the input color data are contained is selected using a higher-order bit and a lower-order bit of the input color data, and the output level at the apex (lattice point) of the three-dimensional space is read from the 3D-LUT 31. Then, interpolation is performed using the lattice point output level read from the 3D-LUT 31 and the lower-order bit of the input color data to estimate an output level corresponding to the input color data.
The 3D-LUT 31 converts the RGB color signal at the lattice point to a Lab signal, and estimates a CMYKLk signal using the above-described method. The estimated CMYKLk signal is used as an interpolation parameter. If the input RGB signal does not reside in the color range of the printer, a suitable CMYKLk output cannot be obtained. In this case, a gamut process is conducted to convert the Lab values out of the color range to Lab values within the color range.
Determination as to whether the Lab values reside in the gamut (i.e., the reproducible color range) can be implemented by checking the underflow or the overflow of the CMY values.
The calorimetric equipment 150 measures a color and outputs the numerical representation of the color. In the colorimetric equipment 150, an object (e.g., a sheet of paper bearing an image) is illuminated by light, and the intensity of the light reflected from or transmitted through the object is measured using a light to electric conversion technique. To this end, the colorimetric equipment 150 basically includes a light source and a photometer.
The main body includes a CPU 21, a ROM 22 storing control programs for the CPU 21, a RAM 23, a hard disk drive 24, and an NIC 25 for transmitting and receiving data to and from other equipment or devices. These components are mutually connected via bus so as to allow data and commands to be input and output.
The CPU 21 may have a function for implementing the color signal processing method and the color conversion profile creating method according to an embodiment of the invention. Such a function may be realized by a software package, residing on such as a CD-ROM or another information recording media.
In other words, the color signal processing method and the color conversion profile creating method can be implemented by installing a program from an information recording medium (such as a CD-ROM) in a general-purpose computer system furnished with an image scanner, a display, or other devices, and by causing the microprocessor of the computer system to execute the program. In this case, the program used in the hardware system to execute the color signal processing method and the color conversion profile creating method may be provided as a form of an information recording medium. Examples of the information recording medium include ROMs, RAMs, flexible diskettes, memory cards, other than CD-ROMs. The program recorded in the information recording medium is installed in a memory device, such as a hard disk drive 24, assembled in the hardware system, and is executed to implement color signal processing and color conversion profile creation.
The program for implementing the color signal processing method and the color conversion profile creating method may be provided from a server through a transmission line or channel, instead of provided by a recording medium.
As has been described above, a color signal processing method used in a high image quality five-color printer using black and light black and with less ink consumption is provided.
When color value information (Lab values) in a uniform color space (Lab color space) is converted to five output levels (CMYKLk) including a black level and a light black level, precise color conversion is performed such that the output color is colorimetrically consistent with the input color data.
The output levels of black and light black are determined so as to maintain the prescribed relation with respect to the input color values.
The output levels of black and light black are generated from the color value information in the uniform color space so as to satisfy the maximum black condition.
The output levels of chromatic colors (CMY) are also generated from the color value information in the uniform color space so as to satisfy the maximum black condition.
The color value information can be converted to a CMYKLk output signal that is calorimetrically consistent with the color value information and can simultaneously satisfy the image quality and ink consumption requirement.
When optimizing the black generating parameter, the granularity can be predicted with less workload.
The color signal processing method is superior in gray stability.
The optimization of the black generating parameter can be performed at high speed.
A color profile is created to accurately convert the input color signal to five output levels, including a light black level, so as to be calorimetrically consistent with the input color signal.
A color signal processing apparatus, a color signal processing program, and a recording medium storing the program are also provided, which apparatus and program realize a high image quality five-color print with less ink consumption.
With the above-described color signal processing method, the output levels of black and light black are determined such that the color reproduced by the output signal is calorimetrically consistent with the input color value, and that the total output level of the three chromatic colors becomes the minimum. Accordingly, the ink consumption can be reduced in a five-color printer.
The output level of black is determined from the input color value, then the output level of light black is determined based on the black output level and the input color value, and then the output levels of the chromatic colors are determined so as to be calorimetrically consistent with the input color values. Consequently, the input color value represented in the uniform color space can be converted accurately to an output signal of black, light black, and three chromatic colors.
The same applies to the configuration in which the light black output is first determined from the input color value.
A number of color samples obtained by changing the output levels of the five color components are output, and the colorimetric measurement is performed on at least a part of the color samples to acquire the input color value information. Then, a mapping function for generating a light black output level from the input color value and the black output level is created. Consequently, color signal conversion can be performed while maintaining the appropriate relation between the color value information represented in the uniform color space and the output color levels.
When the output level of light black is first determined from the input color value, a mapping function for generating a black output level from the input color value and the light black output level is created. This arrangement can achieve the same effect.
The mapping function is created using color samples with one of the three chromatic colors having an output level of zero, and accordingly, the black output level and the light black output level can be generated so as to satisfy the maximum black condition.
A mapping function for converting the color value information to the output levels of the chromatic color components is also created, using a color sample with one of the chromatic color components having a zero output level, and accordingly, the output signal of the chromatic color components can be generated so as to satisfy the maximum black condition.
Multiple sets of five output levels, each including a black level and a light black level, are determined at multiple evaluation points in the uniform color space, and at least ink consumption and granularity are evaluated based on the sets of output levels. Then, the output levels of black and light black are nonlinearly optimized based on the evaluation result. Consequently, a high image quality color printer using a light black ink can be realized with less ink consumption.
The granularity is calculated using a four-dimensional lookup table having four inputs, that is, two of the three chromatic colors, black, and light black. Accordingly, the number of color samples used in granularity measurement is reduced.
A constraint may be imposed on the optimization, such that a color value on the achromatic color axis is reproduced using only black and light black. Consequently, a color printer using a light black ink, which is superior in gray stability, is provided.
In the nonlinear optimization, the output levels of only black and light black are recalculated, and the operation speed of the optimization process can be improved.
This patent application is based on and claims the benefit of the earlier filing date of Japanese Patent Application No. 2003-412875 filed Dec. 11, 2003, the entire contents of which are hereby incorporated by reference.
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|Jan 9, 2008
|Apr 10, 2012
|Canon Kabushiki Kaisha
|Image forming apparatus and method of controlling same
|Apr 24, 2012
|Eastman Kodak Company
|Methods of reducing grain and texture in a printed image
|Oct 2, 2012
|Brother Kogyo Kabushiki Kaisha
|Print controller configured to suppress bleed
|Jun 8, 2011
|Dec 4, 2012
|Seiko Epson Corporation
|Image processing device and image display device
|Aug 23, 2010
|Dec 11, 2012
|Canon Kabushiki Kaisha
|Image processing apparatus and image processing method
|Jan 25, 2010
|Jan 29, 2013
|Brother Kogyo Kabushiki Kaisha
|Print controller configured to suppress bleed
|Nov 28, 2011
|Dec 17, 2013
|Ricoh Company, Limited
|Image processing apparatus, image processing method, and non-transitory computer-readable medium
|Aug 24, 2010
|Mar 11, 2014
|Brother Kogyo Kabushiki Kaisha
|Print controller and method for reducing memory usage in determining candidate pixels for bleed suppression
|Mar 8, 2012
|Sep 23, 2014
|Seiko Epson Corporation
|Printing apparatus and method for printing using two kinds of black inks
|Apr 23, 2013
|Sep 23, 2014
|Canon Kabushiki Kaisha
|Image processing apparatus, image processing method, and computer-readable medium
|Oct 19, 2011
|Oct 28, 2014
|Hewlett-Packard Development Company, L.P.
|Printing near saturation
|May 16, 2013
|Jan 13, 2015
|Canon Kabushiki Kaisha
|Image processing apparatus, image processing method, and computer-readable medium
|Dec 8, 2010
|Apr 7, 2015
|Canon Kabushiki Kaisha
|Color balance correction based on skin color and highlight color
|May 24, 2007
|Jan 10, 2008
|Hisao Shirasawa
|Image processing method, image processing apparatus, computer program product, and recording medium for image processing
|Jan 9, 2008
|Jul 17, 2008
|Canon Kabushiki Kaisha
|Image forming apparatus and method of controlling same
|Feb 22, 2008
|Aug 28, 2008
|Seiko Epson Corporation
|Image processing device and image display device
|Jan 25, 2010
|Aug 5, 2010
|Brother Kogyo Kabushiki Kaisha
|Print controller
|Aug 5, 2010
|Brother Kogyo Kabushiki Kaisha
|Print controller
|Sep 9, 2010
|Ng Yee S
|Methods of reducing grain and texture in a printed image
|Aug 24, 2010
|Mar 17, 2011
|Brother Kogyo Kabushiki Kaisha
|Print controller
|Mar 31, 2011
|Canon Kabushiki Kaisha
|Image processing apparatus and image processing method
|Sep 29, 2011
|Seiko Epson Corporation
|Image processing device and image display device
|May 31, 2012
|Ricoh Company, Limited
|Image processing apparatus, image processing method, and non-transitory computer-readable medium
|Mar 8, 2012
|Sep 13, 2012
|Seiko Epson Corporation
|Printing apparatus and printing method
|Apr 23, 2013
|Sep 26, 2013
|Canon Kabushiki Kaisha
|Image processing apparatus, image processing method, and computer-readable medium
|U.S. Classification
|358/529, 358/1.9, 382/167
|International Classification
|Cooperative Classification
|European Classification
|Mar 7, 2005
Owner name: RICOH COMPANY, LTD., JAPAN
Free format text: ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST;ASSIGNOR:SHIRASAWA, HISAO;REEL/FRAME:016329/0784
Effective date: 20050113
|Jan 17, 2013
|Fee payment
Year of fee payment: 4


text:
In 2010, Samsung was the first to launch a full range of SMART TVs in the region. In 2011, Samsung introduced a new era of home entertainment with the new D series of SMART TVs, the ultimate entertainment technology. Despite stiff competition in this segment, where outstanding and superbly-designed products make a huge impact on consumers' purchasing decisions, Samsung was able to firmly establish its leadership. According to industry reports, Samsung secured a whopping 45 percent market share by the end of Q3 making Samsung the brand of choice for the Gulf.
Samsung's outstanding performance in the region and the fact that Samsung Smart TVs offer a range of over 1000 applications through their dedicated apps store, "Samsung Apps" gives companies throughout all industries an incentive to develop, launch and sustain an application. So now the company knows it wants an application, but where does it start?
To begin with, the company needs to ask itself what kind of application it wants to develop and what the purpose is for developing the app. Will the application serve a business purpose? Will it be an addition to the company's social media platforms? Or will the application interact with its users? Samsung techies advise that to develop a successful app, also dubbed 'killer app', companies must look at three main points: innovative idea; works on the latest technology; and serves a purpose. Applications such as Angry Birds is a live example of a killer app where the game notches up 200 million minutes of play time every day, which is close to the number of minutes viewers in the United States spend watching the average prime-time television program.
"Producing applications that run on TVs or handsets is a great way to interact with your consumers. People nowadays are truly living a fast-paced lifestyle and applications that serve consumers are guaranteed to serve businesses as well. Developing apps will be a must for organizations to sustain their presence in the near future," said Vinod Nair, General Manager, CTV Business, Samsung Gulf Electronics. "Samsung products are designed to make consumers' lives 'smarter'. With applications running on a user's TV, he or she will be able to enjoy traditional programming as well as check off a few tasks from their lists all from the comfort of their couch. "
Now that the company has decided to launch an app, it'll need to know what content the application will provide for its users. Content material is a crucial part of sustaining an application. The content needs to be relevant to users; provide interactive features; and offer an experience that can't be found with traditional outlets.
Recently, Samsung partnered with major government and private companies to launch locally tailored applications targeting existing users and potential new ones. The Dubai Electricity and Water Authority (DEWA), with Samsung, developed the region's first business-solution application. DEWA's application allows users to check their bills and access DEWA's range of services. Samsung also partnered with the Arabian Radio Network (ARN) and Dubai Media Incorporated (DMI) to stream all of their radio and television channels for all Samsung Smart TV users to enjoy. "Video-on-demand has been the most popular reason for companies to develop Smart TV applications. Consumer behavior and attitudes are shifting, with viewers increasingly expecting to access content wherever and whenever they want. We believe that in the future every viewer will have access to 3D content in the comfort of their own living room through a SMART TV." Nair added.
Once the app is up and running, the company gets to relax and savor the final product. You can't get too lazy though. Applications need to be sustained in order to keep the user interested in the application. At this time, companies need to ensure that they have content lined up and a calendar highlighting launches of new additions and features to the application. Just in case you feel a little overwhelmed, rest assured that the great people at Samsung will be on hand to share their expertise and provide support.
[1] http://www.albawaba.com/en/node/355857?nid=402751
[2] http://www.albawaba.com/memac-ogilvy-mather
[3] http://www.albawaba.com


text:
I have a client which has a non wordpress website. I have transferred their website to a wordpress layout with some minor issues I have yet to fix as far as alignment goes. but I am having problems with flash. They have 3 flash video's on their page that MUST be there on the wordpress version. Their website currently is prestigecabinetsva.com. The site conversion is located at http://www.cloudleasing.com/prestige/. I am currently using the Kimili Flash Embed. on the index page I am using
to display the flash video where it needs to be. I am not able to display the flash video. I am also experiencing problems with the MouseOver image swaps that was generated by dreamweaver.
<?PHP if(is_front_page()) {
while ( have_posts() ) : the_post();
} ?>
Is there a way to get flash to display without the need for plugins? using <object> tags?


text:
Aerospace Career Fair
Employer Information:
The faculty of the Aerospace Department invites you to participate in this year's Aerospace Career Fair. This fair is for professional entry-level positions and supervised, career-track internships in the aviation field.
Employer Registration:
Registration for the fair is $150 and is coordinated though the Career Development Center's NEW recruiting program, Lightning CareerLink.
If you already have an account, please log in and click on the Career Event tab at the top of the page. Search for the fair and click on it to register.
If you do not have a new account in Lightning CareerLink:
- Go to Lightning CareerLink.
- Use the "Click Here to Register" link to create your user account and follow on screen directions.
- After submitting your profile, you will be on your account homepage.
- Click on Career Events Tab on top menu bar and search.
- Click the BEST Career Fair and complete the registration form.
You will receive an email when your account and career fair registration has been approved.


text:
News By Tag
Industry News
News By Location
Industry News
Internet Scammers New Victim
FindTheBestNanny.com would like to warn nannies about an internet job scam taking place on childcare placement sites across the country
The scam starts with an email explaining that the new employer will be moving to the city where the nanny lives and would like to offer a great job. As the emails continue the new employer asks the nanny to purchase toys, clothes, bikes etc with a money order or check sent to the nanny. These money orders are fake and can be very damaging to someone's financial situation and credit score. If this happens to you do NOT deposit the money order or check. Stop all contact immediately and report the incident to the agency.
FindTheBestNanny reminds everyone to follow some simple steps while job hunting online.
DSi Game Selector, disney cartoon image, christmas tree shops
1. Do not give out any personal information. Information like Social Security Numbers, address, or contact numbers should not be given out up front.
2. Do your research. Ask any potential employers for references from either previous nannies, neighbors, employers, or friends.
3. Remember, if it sounds too good to be true than it probably is too good to be true.
For more information on protecting yourself or to report an incident contact Fraud.org or the Federal Government.
# # #
Finding nannies, sitters, and other household employees has never been easier or safer. With over two decades of experience placing nannies with families we are happy to share our knowledge and resources with today's savvy parents!
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text:
I have problem, with [/activation_link], we developed this website (cbmc.lv)on different domain name (cloudex.lv/v3), and when we switched to live site with a diferent domain name [/activation_link] stayed as the old websites link.
Please check img
I do not want to uninstall plugin and install again, because, i do not want to lose all 500 subscriber info --> But I am not sure if it will happen!
Maybe you can suggest me what field to change in DB to fix this short code.


text:
Watch Supernatural Season 8 Episode 8 online via TV Fanatic with over 5 options to watch the Supernatural S8E8 full episode. Affiliates with free and paid streaming include Amazon, iTunes, Vudu, YouTube Purchase, and Google Play.
Watch Similar
Shows FREE
|Watch Now
|Watch Now
|Watch Now
|YouTube Purchase
|Watch Now
|Google Play
|Watch Now
Episode Details
Castiel has some big news on this episode of Supernatural. He wants to be a hunter.
- Show:
- Supernatural
- Season:
- Supernatural Season 8
- Episode Number:
- 8


text:
Marvel Assembles an Official Title for Third "Avengers" Movie
Comic Books, Film
Showing results 41-53 of 53
Many CBR readers received iPhones or iPod touches for Xmas, so we've test-driven a number of new applications developed to mobilize your comics experience with products from UCLICK, comiXology and ComicZeal.
Warner Bros. has announced that exclusive footage, an iPhone & iPod touch application, behind the scenes podcasts, trailers and more are now available exclusively on iTunes and the Apple App Store.
"Proof," "Oz: The Manga" and "ShadowHawk" are just some of the titles available now on the iPhone. CBR tested out the iVerse Comics Reader and spoke to founder Michael Murphey about the product and titles.
iVerse Media has announced the launch of new Comic Reader software specifically developed for iPhone and iPod Touch, allowing you to download and read comics from Apple's Apps store later this year.
Archives: All | Comic Books | TV/Film | Video Games | Web Comics


text:
1 Review
This is a really simple and delicious recipe that we LOVED thank you. I used pork fillet medallions rather than chops, and a couple of red onions as well as white in the marmellata. I had trouble getting my gas flame low enough, so had to watch the marmellata very carefully and add a tablespoon of water ever 15 minutes or so after the first 45 minutes. I made this for the two of us, but made the full recipe of marmellata as I think it will be good with meatloaf, on sandwiches or on a simple cheese and onion pizza.


text:
Skip to Main Content
IEEE membership options for an individual and IEEE Xplore subscriptions for an organization offer the most affordable access to essential journal articles, conference papers, standards,
eBooks, and eLearning courses.
Learn more about:
IEEE membership
IEEE Xplore subscriptions
Cloud computing is an emerging commercial infrastructure paradigm that promises to eliminate the need for maintaining expensive computing facilities by companies and institutes alike. Through the use of virtualization and resource time sharing, clouds serve with a single set of physical resources a large user base with different needs. Thus, clouds have the potential to provide to their owners the benefits of an economy of scale and, at the same time, become an alternative for scientists to clusters, grids, and parallel production environments. However, the current commercial clouds have been built to support web and small database workloads, which are very different from typical scientific computing workloads. Moreover, the use of virtualization and resource time sharing may introduce significant performance penalties for the demanding scientific computing workloads. In this work, we analyze the performance of cloud computing services for scientific computing workloads. We quantify the presence in real scientific computing workloads of Many-Task Computing (MTC) users, that is, of users who employ loosely coupled applications comprising many tasks to achieve their scientific goals. Then, we perform an empirical evaluation of the performance of four commercial cloud computing services including Amazon EC2, which is currently the largest commercial cloud. Last, we compare through trace-based simulation the performance characteristics and cost models of clouds and other scientific computing platforms, for general and MTC-based scientific computing workloads. Our results indicate that the current clouds need an order of magnitude in performance improvement to be useful to the scientific community, and show which improvements should be considered first to address this discrepancy between offer and demand.
A not-for-profit organization, IEEE is the world's largest technical professional organization dedicated to advancing technology for the benefit of humanity.© Copyright 2016 IEEE - All rights reserved. Use of this web site signifies your agreement to the terms and conditions.


text:
Screenshot instructions:
Red Hat Linux
Click URL instructions:
Right-click on ad, choose "Copy Link", then paste here →
(This may not be possible with some types of ads)
You seem to have CSS turned off.
Please don't fill out this field.
Briefly describe the problem (required):
Please provide the ad click URL, if possible:
Update of /cvsroot/tora/tora/otl
In directory sc8-pr-cvs1.sourceforge.net:/tmp/cvs-serv8777
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remove this old file, it was here for reference, no longer relevant I believe'
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text:
Re: It's Nick!
I'm thrilled that Nick Licata is going to be council president. (I wish Amy Jenniges were still around for this. I can hear her now: "Yes!".)
From repealing the TDO, to fighting Sidran's impound ordinance, to working to keep city hall accessible, Licata has been the Stranger's favorite council member since he was first elected in '97.
Certainly, we disagree with Licata on some specifics (his pseudo populist Viaduct jag and his knee-jerk impulse to side with reactionary utopianists on "neighborhood" issues are slightly annoying.) But our most substantive gripe has always been that he never seemed able to rustle up the votes to make good on his leftist agenda.
But, damn, Licata emerged today with the votes to become president. The fact that the votes represented a compromise, speak to Nick's emerging role as a broker on the council. This bodes well for Licata.
It doesn't, however, bode well for Team Nickels. Licata is one of the sharpest critics of Nickels's go-go agenda.
In honor of Mr. Licata, here's the endorsement we published when he ran for reelection in November (And check out the last graph, in particular):
City Council Position 6 Vote for Nick Licata
Okay. We swear we're not just drunk dialing. The Stranger Election Control Board loves Nick Licata. A stalwart opponent of corporate giveaways (he's currently lining up votes to oppose Team Nickels's plans to subsidize the Sonics), Licata is Seattle's iconoclastic leftythe council's most reliable go-to-guy for do-gooder activists, government accountability cranks, and the marginalized.
Case in point, Licata recently amended Team Nickels's patronizing and sexist strip-club "four- foot" rule, scaling back Nickels's attempt to force strippers into the court system rather than the more collaborative hearing-examiner process. (And after sneaking in that fix, Licata righteously rounded up three other protest votes and voted against Nickels's nanny-state legislation as a whole. Ha!)
Speaking of challenging Nickels, Licata has often been the lone dissenting vote against the mayor's big plans: No on Nickels's useless vanity fix to Mercer, no on Nickels's UW lease lid lift, no on Nickels's unfunded viaduct tunnel plan (Hey, Greg, maybe we should give you a month to come up with a finance plan!), andvoting with lefty ally Peter Steinbrueckno on authorizing $3.9 million in city money for Paul Allen's streetcar.
Licata has been a determined critic of developer giveaways, taking up the fight (again with Steinbrueck) to amend Nickels's plans in South Lake Union and downtown. And he's currently pushing for expanded library hours in Nickels's new budget, arguing that keeping the current Republican library hours (never fucking open) in place is a disservice to working-class people.
A longtime monorail advocate who argues that monorail technology is better suited to Seattle than Sound Transit's light rail technology, Licata wants to keep monorail technology alive by getting Sound Transit to adopt the idea. He also says he will not let the monorail's MVET be transferred to anything but mass transit projects.
Our one gripe with Nick is that as a veteran council member, with two terms under his belt, he still struggles to get the votes to bolster his crusades. For example, his amendment to require a citywide transportation-needs study before committing new bus hour money to South Lake Union went nowhere. And his idea for a city levy to fund both cops and social services disappeared.
The powers-that-be still view Licata as a threat. Team Vulcan tried, unsuccessfully, to field a candidate to challenge Licata. They failed because Licata's most remarkable talent (thanks to his straight-shooting manner) is his ability to earn the respect of his adversaries. For example, the cop union endorsed Licata this year even though Licatawho chairs the council's cop committeeis pledging to fight for stricter police-accountability rules like demanding unredacted complaint files.
The SECB has dreams of a Mayor Licata. At the very least, we're hoping for a Council President Licata, who would shake up city hall's second floor and pull the council in a more activist direction. Vote Licata!


text:
Callaway Vintage Driver Headcover
NOW: $16.99 (15% off!)
Was: $19.99*
Product Information:
Add a throwback look to your golf bag with the Callaway® Vintage Driver Headcover. This multi-colored headcover features a knit Callaway® logo on the top, and a logo tag on the bottom for brand recognition. Durable acrylic material and long neck sock design team up to protect your club during your round. Designed to fit all 460cc models, the Callaway® Vintage Driver Headcover is sure to turn heads next time you hit the course.
- Callaway® vintage driver headcover
- Woven Callaway® tag above lower cuff
- Brand logo knit onto top of headcover
- Multi-color pom on top for a vintage look
- Contrast-colored stripes provide old-school flair
- Long neck sock design for increased protection
- Driver headcover fits all 460cc models
- Material: 100% acrylic
- Callaway
Country of Origin: ChinaWeb ID: 23901026


text:
Video Industry News Video Company News Technology Industry News Technology Company News Novelty Industry News Novelty Company News Gay Industry News Gay Company News Legal Industry News All Company News
Released: Dec 01st, 2001
Running Time: 87
Director: Robby D.
Company: Vivid Entertainment Group
Cast: Sydney Moor, Lee Stone, Tommi Rose, Cherie, Cory Lane, Jessie (I), Cheyne Collins, Flick Shagwell, Dale DaBone, Sergio (I), Bree Brooks
Critical Rating: AAAA
Genre: All-Sex
Capitalizing on gorgeous, exotic locations and good-looking talent, it's top-notch entertainment.
In the opener, an unadorned fantasy becomes reality in a mansion's empty rooms, setting the classy tone for the rest of the video. The focus in this stylish product is to give the viewer eye candy, as in the second scene in which sun-dappled bodies fuck on an antique couch. It's architectural, mythical, romantic, but always keeping in mind that the sex has to be compelling and intense. One encounter takes place in an ivory and ice blue hallway, showing that even cool sex can be hot. Even a straightforward anal scene gains momentum by being staged on a gleaming marble tabletop, contrasting with the soft warmth of the girl's skin. Most of the action is basically opening blowjobs followed by a sequence of positions, capped with by facials. Beautifully shot, creatively edited, and featuring exotic locations, Robby D. utilizes his talent well, both before and behind the camera. For example, this opus uses superb lighting effects to create a mesmerizing atmosphere of Hollywood quality. It's perfect background fare a swingers' party, since it has no dialogue above its sultry music soundtrack. This is one for the wine-beside-the-fireplace crowd.


text:
Music Interviews
A Brother Duo Digs Deep For The Blues
The North Mississippi Allstars has been cranking out soulful, hard-driving Southern rock for some seven studio records now. But for brothers Luther and Cody Dickinson, it's not just rock for rock's sake. They dig deep for the roots of the music they're passionate about: the blues and the down home sounds of folks like R.L. Burnside, Otha Turner, Junior Kimbrough and Fred McDowell. The group has a new album, World Boogie Is Coming, and the brothers Dickinson spoke about it with Weekend Edition Sunday guest host Wade Goodwyn. Click the audio link to hear their conversation.
Featured Artist
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text:
News Morning News
posted by July 10 at 8:00 AMon
Talks Fail: At least 40 dead after Pakistan army storms Islamabad mosque held by militants.
AG Lies: In testimony before Congress, Gonzales pretended he didn't know about Patriot Act civil liberties violations.
Hypocrisy Reigns: U.S. Senator David Vitter (R-LA), a moral values Southern Republican of course, on the DC Madam's phone list, of course.
White House Freaks: Bush aides scramble to cope with mounting GOP opposition to War.
Ambassador Frets: U.S. Ambassador to Iraq warns against withdrawal.
Israel Flirts: Olmert seeks direct peace talks with Syria.
Gaza Suffers: Sanctions against Hamas cripple Gazans.
Kerlikowske Skates: Report says Chief didn't inappropriately interfere with investigation.
Government Dictates: King County Board of Health looks to ban trans-fats.
There's something called the Washington Poets Association, and they post a different poem by a local poet every day.
Michael Schein
You wanted a skylight over the bed.
I, raised behind black-out curtains, said
"what about the sun?" Unlike the serpent,
you hissed, we have eyelids.
I come to bed too late to catch you before sleep,
the half-digested Thanksgiving dinner you prepared
still warm and heavy in my intestines,
and catch instead a phantom caressing your skin:
it is the moon, celestial masseur,
kneading a distillation of sunlight and languor
across your milky face.
In the blue white light you look dead
yet strangely animated, suffused by alien grace.
Confused, I stumble back from the bed,
frightened by the urge to kiss lunar lips,
strange fruit of a waxen wife
whose eyelids glow like tiny moons
orbiting an unknown planet.
I see now why you need this portal on space:
like any prisoner with a teaspoon
will scrape through cinderblock,
so too would you claw your way
through sheetrock to the icy moon
and call it resurrection.
I would not hold you,
no more than I could hold this thin,
ethereal light, other than to name
it beautiful, to say I was glad
you opened my eyes
to the terrible pull of the sky
just above our bedroom,
to say goodbye,
and that I will watch for you
in every blue Thanksgiving moon.
Michael Schein
Seattle, Washington
Michael Schein, of Seattle, is recognized as a 20th Avenue NW Treasure by a guy who hangs out in Salmon Bay Park. Michael has written 1 and 9/10th novels. His writing appears in Pontoon, Chrysanthemum, Slow Trains, American Drivel Review, The Ledge, Elysian Fields, and The Art of Bicycling (Breakaway Books).


text:
I like it !!! It's really amazing
well done !
well done !
I love the emotion conveyed through the positions of each others hands. I used to read Alichino years ago and it was my favorite you make a wonderful Ryoko.
Oh my God. SO GOOD.
just amazing ! <3
OMG, I love the costumes, they're awesome!
omg u updated xDDD
That is excellent!!
HELLO THAR RYOKO SAN *smacks*


text:
Bars are Not Dog Parks
Two out of the last three bars I've gone toThe Canterbury and the Cha-Chahave allowed pet dogs in. This looks like a violation of King County Code Chapter 8.40.190, Seattle Municipal Code 10.10.536, and King County Board of Health Code 6.501.115.
When I go out to a bar, I want to relax. Dogs make me anxious. When I hear the constant jingling of your dog's collar right behind me, I'm stuck waiting for the dog to scamper over and sniff around my food and tablewhich, in fact, your dog did (twice) last night when I was there trying to chill out after work and read a book at the Canterbury on Capitol Hill.
Your table thinks your dog is cute. So does the waitress. So, I become the bad guy when I have to "rudely" tell you that "I'm not cool, with your dog coming over to my table." I told you that, yet your dog raced over, collar jangling, the second some food arrived at my table. (Thus, my anxiety about it wasn't misplaced.)
I don't think your dog is cute. And even if some people do think your dog is cute, I don't care. It's not allowed in bars and restaurants.
This isn't a question of who can and cannot control their dogsor keeping your dog on a leash. No dogs are allowed in, unless it is a guide dog accompanying a blind person.
If you're not blind, and you want to go out to a bar or restaurant, you have to leave your dog at homeor with a friend. If you can't find someone to watch your dog, then you can't go out to a bar or restaurant.


text:
Top Definition
A layabout, paid by the government to do nothing but drink beer and shout at more affluent people.
That Leith sure is a doley.
by Sedgehammer May 02, 2007
Trending Now
Alone , by yourself .
Oh yeah , you Doley I will spank you !
by Allergictocuffin May 15, 2016
Doley can be used to describe a old or rusty bicycle commonly rode by people who don't have a lot of money or live on the dole. Also it can be used as a verb going on a doley. A doley is also the word for a bike ride where you and your friends all go for a bike ride riding doleys
Are you coming out on your doley today?
by Bob891 September 25, 2014