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To some, non-conference schedules don't mean much. To others, it means a lot. The others being referred to tend to have to rely on pivotal out of conference games to boost their resume versus those that play in tougher conferences.
This just adds fuel to the Big Ten vs. SEC debate, year in and year out. Last year, Michigan's non-conference schedule stood out above the rest by playing the national champion (Alabama) and the runner-up (Notre Dame). Not one stands out as much this year.
Below is each Big Ten school's 2013 non-conference slate, counting down from the weakest to the toughest in the league.
12. Minnesota Golden Gophers
Minnesota went undefeated last year out of conference, and it looks like they're trying to keep that streak up this year with the weak slate they have put together. When your toughest game is possibly San Jose State, you know you're in good shape. Adding D-1 FCS foe Western Illinois to the schedule doesn't help matters much. Three less than stellar FBS teams topped off with an FCS cupcake is why Minnesota has the weakest out of conference schedule in the league.
11. Iowa Hawkeyes
The big game for Iowa every year is Iowa State, that's no secret. It's also usually the best non-conference game on the Hawkeyes' schedule. The Hawkeyes lost that contest last year, 9-6, and also lost to Central Michigan. While Central Michigan isn't the same animal as Western Michigan, they're still no cupcake. Decent middle-tier opponents give this schedule merit, as we remember NIU's march to the Orange Bowl last year. There's no Goliath on this schedule, but there's no one to overlook either.
10. Nebraska Cornhuskers
This schedule holds some merit because of the appearance of UCLA again. In the Rose Bowl last year, the Cornhuskers lost a thriller, and they didn't exactly blow out Southern Miss in Lincoln either. Wyoming isn't a great program, but they aren't as bad as New Mexico State. South Dakota State's appearance is warranted because of two decent games, but another FCS foe should be an easy win for the Cornhuskers who continue their trend of playing at least one current FCS opponent since 2010.
9. Indiana Hoosiers
This schedule might not look intimidating to many, but even though Indiana continues to get better it's no cake walk. Besides the obvious visit from Missouri, Navy beat the Hoosiers last year 31-30. That's not the only red flag though. Indiana State also only lost by seven in Bloomington. Look for the Sycamores and also the Falcons from Bowling Green to give this team fits.
8. Wisconsin Badgers
BYU is always a solid team and UMass is a new addition to the FBS which all adds up to a couple of okay contests. The big one here, however, is the visit to Tempe to face the Sun Devils. Tennessee Tech weakens this slate a lot or it would be a lot higher on this list. While one big game is great, it's not enough to bring too much panic into Madison.
7. Ohio State Buckeyes
Ohio State's big resume game this schedule is playing on the road against the California Golden Bears. Without the "on the road" part, this schedule could easily have dropped a spot or two on this list. It's the first tough road game we've seen on this list and has a lot of weight when putting this list together. Buffalo and San Diego State should be two easy wins for the Buckeyes followed by a tune up against Florida A&M before conference play starts. This schedule should help Ohio State have a shot at another undefeated season.
6. Penn State Nittany Lions
Penn State and Ohio State could have easily swapped spots on this list, but I think the Nittany Lions schedule is just a tad tougher, cumulatively. Penn State is only one of two B1G schools to not have a FCS opponent on their schedule. The visit to East Rutherford for the neutral site game is a test, but is followed up by the easiest game on the slate with a visit from Eastern Michigan. The combo of UCF and Kent State (who was one quarter away from the Orange Bowl last year) edges out OSU's San Diego State and Buffalo tandem, but just barely.
5. Michigan State Spartans
Notre Dame is a staple of the Spartans schedule, and they get credit for that. USF is also no slouch and can easily upset a big program like Michigan State if the Spartans aren't ready. The only reason the Spartans schedule isn't listed higher is the inclusion of FCS opponent Youngstown State. The Penguins also visited East Lansing in 2011. First of all, no football team should be referred to as the Penguins. Second of all, USF and the Fighting Irish aren't quite enough by themselves to put the "wow" label on this slate.
4. Illinois Fighting Illini
Illinois is playing, maybe, the highest profile game in the league when Washington comes to Chicago to take on the Illini. The neutral field (if you can call it that) always adds a bit of uncertainty. As always, Cincinnati is no cup cake and they have Munchie Legaux at the helm. Once again, FCS opponent Southern Illinois weakens the slate, but hopefully college football fans don't have to deal with that too much longer. Barry Alvarez gave us a sneak peak of the future regarding FCS schools and their relationship with the Big Ten.
3. Michigan Wolverines
Michigan slid up on this list not because of who they scheduled, but rather who they didn't schedule: an FCS school. Notre Dame once again makes it's normal appearance. Central Michigan is a pretty solid program and the Big Ten knows that. Connecticut should be a victory, but facing them on the road adds a little bit of difficulty. Ultimately, an overall decent slate holds more merit than a good slate with an FCS school.
2. Northwestern Wildcats
Northwestern checks in at number two. Another Big Ten team visits California, and yet another team puts together a solid non-conference schedule. Maine being the lone weak spot, Northwestern could come out of this four game stretch with just one loss and be very, very satisfied. Syracuse is a trap game, especially if the Wildcats are high off of emotion after returning from California.
1. Purdue Boilermakers
I never thought Purdue would end up at the top of this list, but here they are. Purdue put together a solid set of games here, but that could spell trouble for the Boilermakers if they aren't prepared for each one. While each game is very winnable if Purdue plays well, they are also not easy at all.
Cincinnati, Munchie Legaux, and company should give the defense fits on the road and, of course, Everett Golson and 2012 national runner-up Notre Dame will be a huge test. Once again Northern Illinois makes an appearance on a Big Ten schedule looking to make a splash after the Orange Bowl. As Purdue will learn, stopping Jordan Lynch and the Huskies' offense is no fun at all. If Purdue can run the table in the non-conference, they will have tons of momentum headed into the meat of their conference schedule.
Clayton Tinkle is a contributor to FBSchedules.com. Follow him on Twitter @Tink_CFB.
Agreed that no B1G noncon schedule really stands out this year. Purdue will likely go 1-3 against that slate (and that 1 win should be a contest). Illinois would do well to go 2-2 as would Indiana. But it would be below expectation for any other B1G team to do worse than 3-1. While NW has 2 good opponents, they should beat a Nassib-less Syracuse team.
Minnesota playing at New Mexico State in Las Cruces could be tougher than expected. The Aggies beat the Gophers in Minneapolis last year or 2011. New coach Doug Martin, formerly HC at Kent State will have his team ready.
Just a little info for the Illini and Boiler fans….the Cincinnati starting QB is Kay, Legaux is now 3rd string.
That's what I thought. Legaux became an interception machine and I don't believe he played in the bowl game at all vs. Duke.
Welcome aboard clayton. I look forward to more columns from you. I would love to see a similar column for each of the major conferences; but I gotta disagree with you here. I don't see how Michigan should get credit for not scheduling a FCS team! While Akron has an FBS label; they were #167 in the Sagarin ratings last year. That's worse than 7 of the 10 FCS teams listed here.
And people complain about the SEC's non-conference schedule? These non-cons are no different than the SEC's, one decent opponent and three mid-majors. Makes me think those who complain about the SEC's non-con schedule is really just SEC bashing.
Please notice trips to cal, Arizona New Mexico, Connecticut before comparing sec teams, they rarely travel to other bcs schools out of state or out of their own time zones.
Forget all four games for a minute. Most teams schedule 2 GOOD teams, 1 OK team and 1 FCS. It is too tough to rank the last 2, because they are all about the same. So in order of difficulty, which 2 games would you not want your favorite team to play? I say Wisconsin has the toughest task in this group.
1) WISCONSIN @ ASU & Home to BYU
2) PURDUE @ Cincinnati & Home to Notre Dame
3) MICHIGAN STATE @ Notre Dame & Home to USF
4) NORTHWESTERN @ Cal & Home to Syracuse
5) OHIO STATE @ Cal & Home to SDSU
Legends&Leaders you must be on something and high to say Wisconsin has the toughest non-conference schedule in the Big Ten. When you look at the whole body work from last year they have one of the easiest only behind Minnesota and Nebraska. Minnesota's schedule is far-n-away the weakest and Purdue's is far-n-away the strongest. The Minnesota schedule looks as those they took the play book from how Wisconsin use to put together their schedule when Barry Az coached them. Why isn't Minnesota scheduling the USC's Syracuse's, and Cal's they played in recent years?
In order from weakest to hardest: Minnesota, Nebraska, Wisconsin, Northwestern, Ohio State, Iowa, Michigan, Michigan State, Illinois, Indiana, Penn State, and Purdue. You can say how good a team is going to be this year until they play, so all you have to go on is last year's performance at this point.
The toughest "pairing" of games
1) HOME vs BYU and AWAY at ASU (BADGERS)
2) HOME vs South Florida and AWAY at NOTRE DAME (SPARTANS)
3) HOME vs NOTRE DAME and AWAY at Cincy (PURDUE)
I have to agree with Wisconsin since I think both BYU and ASU will finish in the top 25.
I think ND will finish in the top 20 and while I see USF, SDSU, Syracuse and Cincy being .500 or better, I don't see any of them being ranked.
All of these schedules make one want to puke compared to a few years ago when cupcakes did not appear on the schedule.
I'd be happy with an Indiana State and one other NC win for Coach Hazell's first year. Anything less will make for a long year; anything more spells a successful first season.
But we're not talking only about pairings, look at all four NC games. UMass and Tennessee Tech are easier than Indiana State and Northern Illinois. Purdue's only "cupcake" Indiana State went 7-4 last year.
Joe Joe said Big ten out of conference is weak schedules ( Cup cakes )
As usual Ohio State has a weak schedule, and Is highly over rated this year! #2 seriously?
Overtime wins against horrible teams last year, and beat Indiana barely by 3. It will all come
out In the wash this year!
achilles…ALL college teams have WEAK non-conference schedules. I am so sick of hearing OSU haters and Big Ten haters talk about our Non-Conference schedules. NOBODY schedules HARD non-conference schedules. Sometimes…some teams will schedule 2 BCS schools. All thru the 90s and early to mid 2000s, OSU was scheduling 2 BCS teams for their non-conference schedules. While Alabama consistently scheduled 1 BCS team (not hating on Alabama, just stating a fact and making a point). Look up the schedules. OSU has played South Cal, Texas, Miami (FL) ALL FORMER NATIONAL CHAMPIONSHIP TEAMS!!! Along with Washington, Colorado, Cincy, Wash State, Texas Tech. Bring an argument if you want to make blanket, useless, hater arguments.
Tony, looks like Achilles was right! OSU is garbage. You're also right about teams playing weaker non-con games, but those teams play in respectable conferences. The B1G might as well be the MAC or MW right now. Sad, but true. Look what happened to OSU against Mich State, it's first top ten opponent under Meyer.
Achilles u obviously dont watch much college ball. Ohio State will be in the 2nd season under Meyer and they have a lot more reps with the spread all returning receivers. Nothin will come out in the wash and I expect an even better defense bc im sure Urban has straitened Fickel out because he needed it. Needless to say Ohio State will be alot better than they were last year and they were undefeated so…


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I am an Electrical Engineer by education. Math has always been easy for me. I love teaching and am good at it. I believe in doing the best in anything I do. As such, I prepare my lessons in advance, talk to students, analyze their strengths and try to tailor my teaching to fit the student. I have teaching experience in several areas. First starting with my kids. I have 3 kids. I have taught them and their friends math, physics, computers, graded their essays etc. and generally helped the kids. I have taught Visual Basic in National university and privately to several adults in the US and in India. I conduct online classes in Microsoft Office, desktop publishing and basic web site development. I have taught computers at Saddleback Valley Unified School district for 5 years. Am presently teaching computers at Santa Ana school District. I worked as a Hardware Development engineer for Unisys Corporation for 11 years and then stayed home to be with my kids. I have worked as a software Engineer, developing ecommerce web sites for 4 years. I have a computer company through which I do web site development, office automation and other computer related services. I am presently teaching Fatwire to 4 students via skype. My favorite subjects are Math & Computers.
To summarize, I love teaching. As I have kids of my own, I have the patience to work with them until they understand the subject matter. I am a good listener and have learned some nifty tricks from my students. I do expect the students to study the material we cover. I quiz the students and make sure they have understood the material taught before I move to the next topic. I am an Electrical Engineer by education. Math has always been easy for me. I love teaching and am good at it. I believe in doing the best in anything I do. As such, I prepare my lessons in advance, talk to students, analyze their strengths and try to tailor my teaching to fit the student. I have
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Basic math for up to 6th grade
Simple computer knowledge that makes life easier
The robust resilient computers. A Mac is a computer just like a PC, and can be used for presentations, creating documents, playing music, surfing the web, playing games etc. I have worked with Macs for many years supporting school districts. I worked as a computer instructor for SVUSD for several years. At present at SAUSD, I support PCs, Macs and iPads for the largest high school in the district. I also teach students Microsoft Office, desktop publishing, web page creation and movie magic using various applications on the PC and Mac. On the Mac along with Office (Word, Excel, PowerPoint), I teach iMovie, iPhoto, Garage Band, etc. I use iLife and iWork on the ipad to teach which is a new addition. I also support the teachers who use various applications for grading, attendance, Smartboard and with general networking problems.
I am an engineer working as a consultant and a teacher. I have been teaching at elementary, middle and high schools. While teaching you practice all rules of public speaking. As a consultant, I work as a technical program manager and am presenting in front of stake holders and upper management several times a week. I present, negotiate, and deal with companies in many different countries. I am from India and have myself gone through a public speaking course at UCI as part of my engineering curriculum. In my spare time, I am part of an Indian drama team and have won best actress awards, which further underscores my public speaking abilities.
I have been doing web design for the last 10 years. I worked for a small company which built web sites for online universities before I started my own company. Through my employment and my own company, I have developed at least 50-60 sites. I also teach a hands on after school tech program in Santa Ana, where I teach high school kids website development, desktop publishing, computer repair, and services to help them get jobs to pay for college.
Excellent Teacher

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Sports fans are entitled to various idiosyncrasies, and mine include disproportionate affection for Brad Radke, Twins pitcher from 1995 through 2006.
"Disproportionate" is the term others would apply; I feel entirely justified in proclaiming Radke among my all-time favorite players.
Now that the Twins have inducted him into their Hall of Fame, here's my three-point case for Radke.
First, he played his entire career for the Twins. Around the middle of his career, the current free agent bonanza started up in earnest.
A player with any kind of success whatsoever was supposed to change teams and quadruple his salary as soon as his first day of free agency came round.
Radke was not the CC Sabathia of his day, but he was a notch or two above some typical recent cash-ins, like Gil Meche, Carl Pavano, and Erik Bedard. The starkest parallel is to Johan Santana, who came into the Twins rotation alongside Radke.
No, Radke couldn't have gotten Santana dollars, but he certainly could have left Minnesota as Santana did. Santana left for the sake of leaving, as the Mets topped the Twins' offer by a negligible amount but offered a preferred zip code.
Radke didn't leave for money, and he didn't leave for fame. In fact, it appears he may have stayed not only because he liked the Twins organization plenty well, but because a bigger city was not to his liking.
Point two: he was a finesse pitcher, who played with wits and cunning. He had a fine fastball, but it wasn't atomic, nor possessed of as much movement as the Roger Clemens signature heater.
He had an above-average curveball, which he could throw ahead or behind in the count, but, again, it wasn't the curveball of the ages.
Then he had a changeup. His arm action sold it as a fastball, and it was an out pitch that left the strikeout victim muttering on the way back to the dugout.
Radke changed speeds well, and he also pitched to the corners. He liked to start a hitter with a strike that might glide just low enough to fool him. Then another strike, this one biting the inside. Third pitch was often well outside, and plenty of batters chased it.
Radke moved the ball left and right, up and down, fast and slow. It sounds simple, but it isn't. Many pitchers try to overwhelm with power, but Radke was very Greg Maddux-like in his craft.
Radke had two crucial flaws, and they got larger toward the end of his career. He let hitters get under the ball, and this could lead to easy outfield plays.
It could also lead to home runs. It often led to home runs. It led to some home runs in playoff games that Radke, and all Twins fans, would prefer not to recall. (Oakland, Anaheim...)
His other flaw was pretty puzzling. It always seemed like more a statistical anomaly than a real trait, but year after year it only grew more prominent. Radke could not get through the first inning without giving up runs.
I don't have the stats at my command, but I have a well-formed memory of seeing him stake the opposing team to a lead game after game.
He tried everything to shake this bugbear, shuffling his game-starting routine in myriad ways, but there was something about starting a game that just made him crazy.
If he didn't allow a score in the first, all the Twins fans sighed with relief and assumed he'd march on to the win; certainly the odds swung all the way round into his favor.
Radke was otherwise a solid pitcher, capable of going deep in games and deep into the season. He pitched over 200 innings nine of his 12 years, and the injuries that prevented him the other times were severe.
The high inning consumption rate was one reason I located him when trolling for players on my first fantasy team.
I latched onto Radke for fantasy baseball and lived and died with his every start. It was watching Radke that got me watching the Twins.
When he retired three years ago, I wasn't truly sure I'd stay a fan, but here I am. Here I am, watching Kevin Slowey pitch with quite a bit of Radke about him.
Point three: Radke pitched well when it counted, and boosted the Twins into the playoffs four times.
He won 20 games in 1997, 12 in a row, though he never came close to 20 in subsequent years.
It was his stellar season, and he came in third in the Cy Young voting behind the roadblock of Roger Clemens and Randy Johnson.
He pitched when he hurt, working through a torn labrum and stress fracture in his shoulder in his final season. He pitched hurt and he pitched hard, and I'd like to interpret his work as pitching with heart.
So perhaps I have made a sufficiently airtight case for you to understand why I'm partial to Brad Radke. I doubt I've persuaded you that Radke belongs in the Hall of Fame.
I couldn't put him there myself—a career 4.22 ERA and merely average W-L and WHIP means that Radke stands out for durability more than dazzle.
Still, among Twins, he's a standout, ranking third in wins and fourth in strikeouts among Twins pitchers. Saturday night, he was inducted into the Twins own Hall of Fame.
That means a vinyl banner hangs in the Metrodome for the last 40 or so games to be played there. I hope a less plastic-based shrine awaits him in the new park.
Saturday night, Radke made a short speech. He spoke haltingly, and with some emotion, thanking teammates, friends, and fans.
Nothing special, just your standard sports hero clichés, but Radke is so sincere that you pause to listen. To listen and to remember him playing, playing with dignity and that stoicism that was the closest he could get to joy.
Just a few bits of flashback video brought it all back to me—the high leg kick, sure, and the downward follow through. But I also remembered what they edited out, his inessential motions on the mound.
There was the pointed toe scuffing the dirt in a sharp line, and the look down into the glove. His earnest, impassive face. Radke at peace with his pitching skills, a picture I want to keep forever.


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Camelback light by PeterJCoskunWatch
©2012-2016 PeterJCoskun
YES! I'm a fan of cacti.
Fantastic light and composition!
very nice capture.. I am now in AZ..i nv capture such nice picture if AZ..haha
I shoot here all the time. I actually have Camelback as my backyard view. About where are you, Gateway park?
This was shot from the Mcdowell sonoran preserve at the lost dog wash trailhead.
Oh, that's so nice.
nice one
This is a stunning shot! Well done!
How peaceful...
Very nice colors in this photo
so awesome! loving it!
I'm a sucker for cholla sunset shots. This one is top-notch. Nice work!
I do enjoy the needles in the foreground lit by the sunlight. It seems you did the same
Thanks, I always find cactus needles interesting. They catch light like nothing I've ever seen.
This is an incredibly beautiful shot!
Beautiful. Just makes me want to run out there and give all those teddy bear choyas a hug.
Thanks! I would advise you to rethink your idea of hugging them. I promise it won't be as pleasant as you'd think.
love this one
Serene and beautiful!
so amazing!


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Psychiatric research, including the search for predisposing genes, has tended to proceed under the assumptions that schizophrenia and bipolar disorder, as defined in Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fourth Edition, and International Statistical Classification of Diseases, 10th Revision, are discrete disease entities with distinct etiology and pathogenesis and that these disease entities can be identified by current "operational" diagnostic conventions. However, recent findings emerging from genetic studies show increasing evidence for an overlap in genetic susceptibility across the traditional binary classification of psychosis. Moreover, the emerging evidence suggests the possibility of relatively specific relationships between genotype and psychopathology. For example, variation in Disrupted in Schizophrenia 1 (DISC1) and Neuregulin 1 (NRG1) may confer susceptibility to a form of illness with mixed features of schizophrenia and mania. The elucidation of genotype-phenotype relationships is at an early stage, but current findings highlight the need to consider alternative approaches to classification and conceptualization for psychiatric research rather than continuing to rely heavily on the traditional categorical approach. We can expect that, over the coming years, molecular genetics will catalyze a reappraisal of psychiatric nosology as well as contribute in a major way to our understanding of pathophysiology and to the development of improved treatments. However, our understanding of the brain mechanisms that link specific gene actions and products to the subjective experience of psychopathological symptoms is likely to be bridged by employing intermediate (or endo-) phenotypes in the domains such as cognition, neurophysiology, or neuroanatomy rather than relying upon clinical measures alone.
The majority of genetic studies into the psychoses over the last 2 decades have been predicated on the double assumption that (a) schizophrenia and bipolar disorder, as defined in Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fourth Edition (DSM-IV),1 and International Statistical Classification of Diseases, 10th Revision2, are discrete, "natural" disease entities with distinct etiology and pathogenesis and (b) these disease entities can be identified by current operational diagnostic conventions, which are based on reported subjective symptoms and, to a lesser extent, on deteriorating performance of expected social roles. Data from genetic epidemiology have been called upon to justify the validity of this approach, often referred to as the "Kraepelinian dichotomy."
It is important to note that this widely held notion is incorrect. Kraepelin's seminal work, which aggregated 3 previously described syndromes—hebephrenia, catatonia, and paranoid dementia—into the clinical entity of dementia praecox and delimited the latter from manic-depressive insanity, paranoia, and late paraphrenia introduced order in the previously chaotic field of nosology and laid down the foundation for the current classifications of psychotic disorders. It is not widely known that, in contrast to the narrowly defined manic-depressive psychosis, Kraepelin's dementia praecox was a broad clinical grouping, consisting of 9 clinical "forms," also including what today would be termed schizoaffective disorder and mood-incongruent affective psychoses. However, in 1920, he wrote that "we cannot distinguish satisfactorily between these two illnesses and this brings home the suspicion that our formulation of the problem may be incorrect … the affective and schizophrenic forms of mental disorder do not represent the expression of particular pathological processes, but rather indicate the areas of our personality in which these processes unfold."3
Thus, in his later years, Kraepelin continued to develop and refine his ideas about psychiatric diagnoses, and his thinking had in many ways moved on from the dichotomous classification by the end of his life. However, it is not the goal of this article to consider Kraepelin's views in relation to modern nosological practice. A discussion of this sort, although of historical interest, is not of direct relevance. Unfortunately, the dichotomous, categorical view of the psychoses has been reified in the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Third Edition, formulation (and its consequent versions), and most of the genetic, and other, research into psychoses has been based solely on the "given" diagnostic categories of schizophrenia and bipolar disorder as the phenotypes, notwithstanding the fact that their validity has been challenged by emerging data from many fields of psychiatric research.4–6
In this article, we will first review the key pieces of evidence from genetic epidemiology that there is in fact a genetic overlap between the psychopathological entities that we currently refer to as bipolar disorder and schizophrenia. We will then review emerging evidence that the 2 diagnostic categories share specific susceptibility genes and that particular risk alleles may be associated with specific aspects of the phenotype.
The great majority of family studies have shown increased risks for schizophrenia, schizoaffective disorder, and schizotypal personality disorder in the relatives of probands with schizophrenia.7 Family studies of bipolar disorder, on the other hand, have shown increased familial risks of bipolar disorder, schizoaffective disorder, and unipolar depression.8 In contrast, the majority of studies have failed to find a familial relationship between schizophrenia and bipolar disorder.9–14 Thus, the weight of evidence has traditionally been interpreted to support the view that schizophrenia and bipolar disorder largely breed true.
This conclusion has been challenged by family studies suggesting shared familial risk15,16 and by the observation that families exist in which some relatives have schizophrenia, some have bipolar disorder, and some have both psychosis and mood disorder.17 Moreover, the position of schizoaffective disorder has appeared somewhat anomalous in the context of a strict dichotomous view. Thus, schizoaffective disorder occurs at similarly increased rates both in families of probands with schizophrenia18 and in those of probands with bipolar disorder.19 Moreover, both schizophrenia and bipolar disorder have been shown to occur at increased rates in families of probands with schizoaffective disorder.19 This is supported by one of the largest family studies to date, which used the Swedish inpatient case register and obtained data on over 13 000 cases of schizophrenia and 5000 cases of bipolar disorder.20 The cross-disorder incidence ratios were robustly increased in siblings and half-siblings for both schizophrenia and bipolar disorder.
Twin studies tend to be relatively small, given the difficulty in recruiting cases and the related arguments concerning their power can be made. In fact, the early, canonical twin study of Slater and Shields21 found that nearly as many of the co-twins of schizophrenic probands had affective disorder as had schizophrenia and that there were actually more parents with affective disorder than with schizophrenia. However, this, like other departures from the Kraepelinian model, was attributed to misdiagnosis.22 There have been few subsequent attempts to explore or challenge diagnostic boundaries using twin studies. An exception was the study by Farmer et al,23 who showed in a study of the first half of the Maudsley twin series that affective disorders, particularly those with mood-incongruent psychotic features, are genetically related to schizophrenia.
More recently, Cardno et al24 reasoned that overlap in genetic risk factors between schizophrenia and bipolar disorder might have been obscured in twin studies of psychosis because of the adoption of a hierarchical rule that requires that each individual be given a single lifetime diagnosis. Because schizophrenia was placed higher in terms of severity and "organicity," schizophrenic symptoms tended to "trump" those of mood disorder. When Cardno et al24 defined syndromes nonhierarchically, they demonstrated a clear overlap in genetic liability between syndromically defined mania and schizophrenia.24 Their model fitting suggested that, whereas some susceptibility genes are specific to schizophrenia and some to bipolar disorder, there is a third group of genes, influencing across the board susceptibility to schizoaffective disorder, schizophrenia, and bipolar disorder. A graphic illustration of the varied expression of the same set of susceptibility genes is provided by the Maudsley triplets—a set of genetically identical triplets, 2 of whom had a lifetime diagnosis of schizophrenia and the third a lifetime diagnosis of bipolar disorder.25
Most molecular genetic studies of schizophrenia and bipolar disorder have been based upon the assumption that these constitute 2 independent disorders, with individual studies typically focusing on only one or the other disorder. Cases with a mix of mood and psychotic features, while common, have tended to be ignored or subsumed into some broader category of either schizophrenia or bipolar disorder.
Individual genetic linkage studies and meta-analyses have identified some chromosomal regions for which there is evidence of linkage in both schizophrenia and bipolar disorder. These include regions of 13q, 22q, 18,26,27 and 6q.28 The chromosomal regions implicated are wide and contain many genes, so it is not certain that the apparent overlaps reflect the existence of shared genes between the 2 disorders. We should also remember that it remains possible that any given linkage might be a false positive in at least one of the disorders.
However, the hypothesis that loci exist that influence susceptibility across the schizophrenia-bipolar divide has recently received further support from a genome-wide linkage scan using families selected on the basis of a member with DSM-IV schizoaffective disorder, bipolar type. This study demonstrated genome-wide significant linkage at 1q42 and suggestive linkage at 22q11, with evidence for linkage being contributed equally by "schizophrenia" families (ie, those where other members had predominantly schizophrenia) and "bipolar" families (ie, those where other members had predominantly bipolar disorder).29 It is of interest that 2 genes which have been implicated in schizophrenia, DISC1 and catechol-O-methyltransferase (COMT), map to 1q42 and 22q11, respectively, and this raises the question of whether either or both of these genes predispose to illness across the schizophrenia-bipolar divide. There is evidence to support this for both COMT30 and DISC1 (see below).
Linkage studies can provide at best indirect evidence for shared genetic effects. More direct evidence has come from reports implicating variation in the same genes as influencing susceptibility to both schizophrenia and bipolar disorder. In most cases, the gene was first implicated in studies of schizophrenia, and the evidence in most cases is strongest for this phenotype. This could reflect the true contribution to the phenotype or may simply reflect the fact that substantially greater resources and samples have been used to date on studies of schizophrenia. We will consider the evidence for each gene in turn.
NRG1 was first implicated in schizophrenia in the Icelandic population after a systematic study of 8p21-22 revealed association between schizophrenia and a multimarker haplotype at the 5′ end of NRG1.31 Strong evidence for association with the same haplotype, known as HAPICE, was subsequently found in a large sample from Scotland,32 with further support coming from our own UK sample.33 These and subsequent studies of NRG1 in schizophrenia have been reviewed recently.34 Overall, there is strong evidence from several studies that genetic variation in NRG1 confers risk to schizophrenia, but not all studies have found the same haplotype to be associated and, as yet, specific susceptibility and protective variants have not been identified. NRG1 has not yet been extensively studied in bipolar disorder. However, in the only published study to date, we found significant evidence for association of HAPICE with susceptibility to bipolar disorder of a similar magnitude to that seen by us in schizophrenia (OR = 1.3).35 In the bipolar cases with predominantly mood-incongruent psychotic features, the effect was greater (OR = 1.7), as was the case in the subset of schizophrenia patients who had experienced mania (OR = 1.6). Pending replication, these findings should be treated with caution, but they suggest that NRG1 plays a role in influencing susceptibility to both bipolar disorder and schizophrenia and that it may exert a specific effect in the subset of functional psychoses characterized by both manic and mood-incongruent psychotic features.
Evidence implicating dystrobrevin-binding protein 1 (DTNBP1), also known as dysbindin, in schizophrenia was first reported by Straub et al,36 and there is now quite impressive support from a number of studies reviewed recently.37 However, once again various markers and haplotypes have been associated, and the actual susceptibility variants have yet to be identified. Raybould and colleagues38 reported the first study of single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) from dysbindin in bipolar disorder. They found no significant associations in bipolar disorder as a whole but found modestly significant evidence for association in a subset of bipolar cases with predominantly psychotic episodes. This finding suggests that variation in dysbindin confers risk to some aspect of the psychotic syndrome rather than to the DSM-IV schizophrenia phenotype per se, although replication is required. More recently, Breen et al39 reported evidence for association with dysbidin SNPs in a small sample of bipolar patients, though no analyses stratified by phenotype were conducted. Recent work in the Irish Study of High-Density Schizophrenia Families has shown that schizophrenic patients with negative symptoms were more likely to inherit the dysbindin risk haplotype,40 raising the possibility that negative symptoms might also be part of the clinical presentation of the subgroup of psychotic bipolar cases that are particularly likely to carry the dysbindin risk haplotype.
This locus was first implicated in studies of schizophrenia by Chumakov and colleagues41 who undertook association mapping in the linkage region on chromosome 13q22-34. They found associations in French Canadian and Russian populations in markers around 2 novel, putative genes, G72 and G30, which are overlapping but transcribed in opposite directions. Both G72 and G30 are apparently transcribed in brain, but in vitro translation experiments only resulted in production of protein for G72. Yeast 2-hybrid analysis of experimentally produced protein provided evidence for physical interaction between G72 and D-amino acid oxidase (DAO). DAO is expressed in human brain where it oxidizes D-serine, a potent activator of N-methyl-D-aspartate glutamate receptor. Coincubation of G72 and DAO in vitro revealed a functional interaction with G72 enhancing the activity of DAO. Consequently, G72 has now been named D-amino acid oxidase activator (DAOA). However, it should be noted that the existence of native G72 protein has not been demonstrated and there have been, as yet, no reports replicating the physical interaction with DAO. Associations between schizophrenia and markers in and around DAOA have subsequently been reported by a number of groups and supported by recent meta-analysis,42 although once again there is no consensus concerning the specific risk alleles or haplotypes across studies. Moreover, unlike NRG1 and DTNBP1, this locus has been quite extensively studied in bipolar disorder, for which it is now arguably the best-supported locus. Support for association with bipolar disorder has been reported from at least 5 independent datasets, and, as for schizophrenia, the presence of association is supported by meta-analysis without clear implication of specific alleles or haplotypes.42 No pathologically relevant variant has yet been identified, and the biological mechanism remains to be elucidated.
The largest study to date, and the only one which has attempted to tag all common genetic variation at this locus, was published after the meta-analysis of Detera-Wadleigh and McMahon42 was completed. This included 2831 individuals of whom 709 had DSM-IV schizophrenia, 706 had bipolar I disorder, and 1416 were ethnically matched controls.43 The authors identified significant association with bipolar disorder but failed to find association with schizophrenia. Analyses across the traditional diagnostic categories revealed significant evidence for association in the subset of cases (n = 818) in which episodes of major mood disorder had occurred. A similar pattern of association was observed in both bipolar cases and schizophrenia cases in which individuals had experienced major mood disorder. In contrast, there was no evidence for association in the subset of cases (n = 1153) in which psychotic features occurred. This finding requires replication, but the data as they stand suggest that, despite being originally reported as a schizophrenia susceptibility locus, variation in DAOA/G30 does not primarily increase susceptibility for prototypical schizophrenia or psychosis. Instead, it appears that variation in DAOA/G30 influences susceptibility to episodes of mood disorder across the traditional bipolar and schizophrenia categories. Importantly, these findings also imply that whether or not significant associations are seen in schizophrenia will depend upon the proportion of cases that have suffered from episodes of mood disorder and remind us of the potential importance of sample differences in determining the reproducibility of genetic association studies.
This gene was implicated through studies of an extended pedigree in which a balanced chromosomal translocation (1;11)(q42;q14.3) showed strong evidence for linkage to a fairly broad phenotype comprising schizophrenia, bipolar disorder, and recurrent depression.44 The translocation was found to disrupt 2 genes on chromosome 1: DISC1 and DISC2.44,45 DISC2 contains no open reading frame and may regulate DISC1 expression via antisense RNA.45 A small pedigree has recently been reported in which a 4-bp deletion in exon 12 of DISC1 cosegregates with schizophrenia and schizoaffective disorder,46 although independent evidence suggests that the deletion is unlikely to be a highly penetrant risk allele for psychosis.47 Interestingly, DISC1 and DISC2 are located close to the chromosome 1 markers implicated in 2 Finnish linkage studies of schizophrenia.48,49 The Edinburgh group which identified DISC1 found no linkage evidence in their own schizophrenia sample but did find suggestive evidence for linkage in bipolar disorder.50 More recently, Hamshere and colleagues29 reported genome-wide significant evidence for linkage at this locus in a linkage study of schizoaffective disorder, bipolar type. DISC1 is certainly an interesting candidate gene for mental disorder, but it is important to remember that translocations exert effects on genes other than those directly disrupted. For example, there are several mechanisms by which a translocation can influence the expression of neighboring genes. In order to unequivocally implicate DISC1 and/or DISC2 in the pathogenesis of psychosis, it is necessary to identify mutations or polymorphisms that are associated with psychosis in nondeleted cases and are not in linkage disequilibrium with neighboring genes. Negative studies in schizophrenia samples were initially reported by the Edinburgh group with a small number of markers51 and by a group who focused on the 5′ end of the gene in a large Japanese sample.52 More recently, several groups have reported positive findings,53–56 although in no case are the results compelling and there is little agreement as to the specific markers or haplotypes showing association. Interestingly, in 3 of these studies, associations were observed with bipolar disorder as well as schizophrenia,53–55 and in one the strongest association was observed with schizoaffective disorder.54
While no consistent pattern of association has yet emerged and no pathogenically relevant variants have been established, the convergence of the linkage data is strongly suggestive that variation in DISC1 or another gene in this region influences susceptibility to mood-psychosis phenotypes that cut across the traditional Kraepelinian divide.
Genetic epidemiological data are beginning to favor the view that schizophrenia, bipolar disorder, and schizoaffective disorders share at least some genetic liability, although more work aimed at exploring these issues in adequately powered and suitably designed family and twin studies is clearly needed. Recent work on specific candidate genes supports this view and suggests that the genetic associations are strongest with clinical syndromes that do not map directly onto either or both of the 2 hypothetical disease entities proposed by Kraepelin. This is not surprising, given the frequency with which clinicians encounter mixed forms and the absence of a clear demarcation or "zone of rarity" between the 2 syndromes.57 It also seems congruent with the evidence that schizophrenia and bipolar disorder share a range of other risk factors.6 Moreover, general medicine provides multiple examples of genetically complex disorders where distinct diagnostic categories (eg hypertension, hemorrhagic stroke, myocardial infarction, and hypertensive cardiomyopathy) share genetic risk factors.58
The comparative work on candidate genes in the major psychiatric disorders is still in its early stages and the findings should be treated with caution until further studies have been reported, given the difficulties in establishing unequivocal evidence for genetic association in complex diseases and the fact that for none of the genes implicated have specific risk variants so far been established. Indeed, it may turn out that many of the candidate genes currently discussed contain multiple risk (and protective) variants with effects on different aspects of psychopathology. A more parsimonious interpretation of the existing data is that variation in DISC1/DISC 2 and NRG1 can confer predisposition to illness in individuals on either side of the Kraepelinian divide and that the effects of both genes will be felt most strongly in disorders with features of both schizophrenia and bipolar disorder. Variation in DTNBP1 seems to predominantly predispose to schizophrenia and negative symptoms, with an effect on bipolar disorder confined to those cases with prominent psychotic features. In contrast, DAOA/G30 appears to be more strongly associated with mood disorder, and the extent to which associations with schizophrenia are seen may depend upon the proportion of cases with prominent mood disorder features.
Such findings will have important implications for future classifications of the major psychiatric disorders because they suggest an overlap in the biological basis of disorders that have, over the last 100 years, been regarded as distinct entities.4 We predict that, over the coming years, molecular genetics will catalyze a reappraisal of psychiatric nosology as well as contribute in a major way to our understanding of the pathophysiology and the development of improved treatments. Current genetic findings suggest that rather than classifying psychosis as a dichotomy, a more useful formulation may be to conceptualize alternative categories or a spectrum of clinical phenotypes with susceptibility conferred by overlapping sets of genes4 (figure 1).
For the time being, however, such interpretations remain largely speculative as our understanding of the brain mechanisms linking specific gene actions and products to the subjective experience of psychopathological symptoms, such as delusions, hallucinations, or thought disorder is at best rudimentary. There is an "explanatory gap" between the findings of statistical association of a gene variant with the disorder and the demonstration of causality with regard to specific illness phenomena. This gap might be easier to bridge by employing intermediate (or endo-) phenotypes in the domains of cognition, neurophysiology, or neuroanatomy. As objectively measurable quantitative traits, endophenotypes are better anchored in brain biology than clinical symptoms and can help delineate subtypes of disorder with likely distinct genetic basis.59,60 The dissection of the syndromes of psychosis into "modular" endophenotypes with specific neurocognitive or neurophysiological underpinnings, cutting across the conventional diagnostic boundaries, is beginning to be perceived as a promising approach in the genetics of the major psychiatric disorders.61
It is important that researchers are willing to embrace and explore such alternative approaches to the phenotype of psychosis in order to interpret the accumulating data and design new research. This will be an iterative process with identified genetic signals allowing refinement of the phenotype and the refined phenotype allowing increased power to detect further genetic signals. To facilitate this approach, it will be important to collect large samples that have a full representation of phenotypes across the mood-psychosis spectrum and detailed, high-quality phenotypic assessments, preferably including dimensional measures (eg, Levinson et al62, Craddock et al63).
In conclusion, accumulating evidence supports the existence of an overlap in genetic susceptibility across the traditional Kraepelinian divide with studies of several genes providing to date the most compelling such evidence. This work is at an early stage but has the potential to change our conception of psychiatric nosology as well as our understanding of the pathogenesis of psychopathology.
Owen's and Craddock's work on the genetics of psychosis and mood disorders is funded through grants from the Wellcome Trust and the Medical Research Council. Jablensky's work on the genetics of cognitive deficit in schizophrenia is funded by the National Health and Medical Research Council of Australia. The authors are indebted to all the participants in our studies.
PubMed Central Canada is a service of the Canadian Institutes of Health Research (CIHR) working in partnership with the National Research Council's national science library in cooperation with the National Center for Biotechnology Information at the U.S. National Library of Medicine(NCBI/NLM). It includes content provided to the PubMed Central International archive by participating publishers.


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There are generally two schools of thought on how to develop a portable title. One group feels that a simple port of a popular console game is smart. Considering the power of the PSP, it's reasonable to think that something which works on the PS2 would work on the handheld. The other line of thinking is that console games just don't work on portables. They need to be redesigned with the medium firmly in mind -- short, bite-sized chunks of game play that can be stopped and saved at any time.
"Probably the biggest handicap is that there are slightly fewer buttons," John continues. "But the PSP still has more buttons than the PSOne [when counting the analog stick], so it's not like this is really a limitation; it just takes a little more thought. Some things are actually easier on PSP -- for instance the screen ratio makes HUD graphics much less intrusive, and the LCD screen is fantastic. I definitely don't miss the "bleeding red" of NTSC television..."


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Well well well…. it's that time of the week again… when we release the clues! And our lucky treasure hunter will win a FREE night's stay on us at Leeds City…
The clues this week are:-
Search Monday's blog for…
How much did the taxi cost from the coach station?
Times x
What date did Sarah make her review?
Tuesday's blog:
Plus +
The date of the Great Yorkshire Run in Sheffield?
Times x
The number of nights you can visit the York Maze?
Minus –
The first date of the surf festival in Scarborough?
The date that our lovely winner of last week – Mark Young made his winning post on Facebook
Divided by \
The number of times Roomzzz is mentioned in our Thursday blog…
= ?????
the key to winning a free night at Leeds City!
The answers are all within our blog and facebook so have a hunt through and you won't be disappointed…! It could be you winning a fabulous stay at Roomzzz Leeds City!
Post your answer on our Facebook pages – stating that you are a Roomzzz Treasure Hunter and we will announce the winner after 3pm on Friday!…. Good luck me hearties….
T & Cs: not in conjunction with any other offer – must be booked within 7 days – subject to availability.
Categorised in: UK city breaks, what to do in Leeds
This post was written by rejuvenate


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Discretionary Trips
In this week's Mayor Gridlock cover story, I wrote, "[People's Waterfront Coalition leader] Moon points out that when the viaduct was closed temporarily for months after the February 2001 earthquake, traffic in the area fell by 27 percentdown to 80,000 trips a day. Out of necessity, commuters changed their habits and the sky didn't fall."
Obviously, the Viaduct wasn't closed for months. It was closed for days. Moon actually said that when the Viaduct reopened, the number of trips on it fell to 80,000 per day from 110,000 prior to the earthquake. That means roughly 30,000 trips were discretionary, probably not really necessary, and stopped happening. This trend continued for a few months after the Viaduct was closed and reopened.


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Bag Limits
Resident and nonresident hunters may take one bear by gun or bow each license year. In the Southern Zone, you may not shoot a cub or a bear that should be known to be a cub, shoot any bear from a group of bears, or shoot or take a bear from its den.
Northern Zone Bear
Hunters who harvest a bear in the Northern Zone will be asked to submit part of the lower jaw or a tooth of the bear to determine the age of the bear. A collection packet including a postage-paid return jaw envelope and information explaining collection will be mailed to each hunter that reports a bear. There are many cooperating taxidermists within New York that can remove and submit teeth, so check with your taxidermist. Generally, taxidermists do not use teeth or the lower jaw for their mounts.
Southern Zone Bear
DEC wildlife staff would like to examine bears harvested in the Southern Zone before they are skinned or butchered and will make every attempt to contact hunters to check their bear. When reporting a bear, hunters will be asked to provide name, phone number, and location or address where the bear can be examined. If wildlife staff are not available, bears can be examined by cooperating taxidermists and meat cutters.
Know Of Any Active Bear Dens?
DEC wants to know about occupied dens. Please call the nearest wildlife office. See Important Numbers.
New York State Bear Management Cooperator Program
The Bureau of Wildlife is requesting the assistance of successful black bear hunters in New York State.
Hunters who harvest a bear in New York are required to report their harvest through the DECALS telephone system at 1-866-426-3778 (1-866-GAMERPT) or use the new online Harvest Reporting System at www.dec.ny.gov. Northern Zone hunters will be sent a tooth collection packet with premolar removal and submission instructions. Southern Zone hunters may be contacted by a DEC wildlife biologist to examine your bear and extract a premolar tooth for aging.
Report your bear and return a bear tooth to receive a commemorative 2015 NYS Black Bear Cooperator Patch. Samples will be aged in the summer of 2016. Cooperators will receive patches and letters indicating the age of their bear in early fall 2016.
Changes in Bear Hunting Regulations
DEC adopted changes to bear hunting seasons in fall 2014 that opened most of upstate New York for bear hunting and created an early bear season in parts of southeastern New York. See map below for details.
Attention Bear Hunters and Taxidermists
Bear gallbladders and bile shall not be possessed or sold unless a valid bear tag (original or copy of bear carcass tag) is attached. A new law now also requires taxidermists to keep records of all bear gallbladders and bile received or sold.
Regulations in red are new this year.
Purple text indicates an important note.


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Contact us at email@example.com or (800)-562-5267. *If you are calling from Canada, please call at 310-329-6373.
Latest Sugatsune door stay and lid stay equiped with soft motion technology are well received by cabinet industry since our stays give you calm environment.
Sliding door hardware maximize available space by reducing the footprint required by the hardware. In additon, we have taken sliding door hardware to the next level by integrating soft-closing and self-closing features for smooth, gentle operation at your fingertips. The soft-closing technology not only enhances appearance of door and its surrounding but also brings you safety without the use of electric power. Integrated with Soft-closing mechanism, our sliding door hardware for glass and wood doors designed for residential use have become more popular among builders.
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Sweet Potato-Peanut Bisque
From EatingWell: September/October 2009
This satisfying vegetarian, sweet potato soup is inspired by the flavors of West African peanut soup. We like the added zip of hot green chiles, but they can sometimes be very spicy. It's best to take a small bite first and add them to taste. Try chopped peanuts and scallions for a different garnish. Serve with a mixed green salad with vinaigrette.
Makes: 5 servings, about 1 1/2 cups each
Active Time:
Total Time:
Nutrition Profile
Low cholesterol | High fiber | High potassium | Gluten free | Low calorie |View Our Nutrition Guidelines »
- 2 large sweet potatoes (10-12 ounces each)
- 1 tablespoon canola oil
- 1 small yellow onion, chopped
- 1 large clove garlic, minced
- 3 cups reduced-sodium tomato-vegetable juice blend or tomato juice
- 1 4-ounce can diced green chiles, preferably hot, drained
- 2 teaspoons minced fresh ginger
- 1 teaspoon ground allspice
- 1 15-ounce can vegetable broth
- 1/2 cup smooth natural peanut butter
- Freshly ground pepper to taste
- Chopped fresh cilantro leaves for garnish
- Prick sweet potatoes in several places with a fork. Microwave on High until just cooked through, 7 to 10 minutes. Set aside to cool.
- Meanwhile, heat oil in a large saucepan or Dutch oven over medium-high heat. Add onion and cook, stirring, until it just begins to brown, 2 to 4 minutes. Add garlic and cook, stirring, for 1 minute more. Stir in juice, green chiles, ginger and allspice. Adjust the heat so the mixture boils gently; cook for 10 minutes.
- Meanwhile, peel the sweet potatoes and chop into bite-size pieces. Add half to the pot. Place the other half in a food processor or blender along with broth and peanut butter. Puree until completely smooth. Add the puree to the pot and stir well to combine. Thin the bisque with water, if desired. Season with pepper. Heat until hot. Garnish with cilantro, if desired.
Tips & Notes
- Make Ahead Tip: Cover and refrigerate for up to 3 days. Thin with water before reheating, if desired.
Per serving: 291 calories; 16 g fat (3 g sat, 8 g mono); 0 mg cholesterol; 30 g carbohydrates; 1 g added sugars; 10 g protein; 6 g fiber; 474 mg sodium; 1011 mg potassium.
Nutrition Bonus: Vitamin A (300% daily value), Vitamin C (100% dv), Potassium (29% dv), Magnesium (15% dv).
Carbohydrate Servings: 1 1/2
Exchanges: 1 starch, 1 vegetable, 1 1/2 high fat meat, 1/2 fat
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Recipe Categories
- Health & Diet Considerations
- Gluten free
- Low calorie
- Low cholesterol
- High fiber
- High potassium
- Type of Dish
- Main dish, vegetarian
- Soups/stews
- Ease of Preparation
- Easy
- Main Ingredient
- Vegetarian, other
- Preparation/ Technique
- Braise/Stew
- Microwave
- Ethnic/Regional
- African
- Publication
- September/October 2009


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A few points to ponder for the day:
Will the Democrats choose an all-NoVa statewide ticket?
Will Joe Morrissey and Henry Marsh succeed in bouncing fellow Democratic incumbent Rosalyn Dance from her House seat?
Will voter turnout in the Democratic primary top the 6 percent showing in 2009?
Will the GOP's transportation tax hike come back to haunt them, or is it a nothingburger?
Norman Leahy blogs at Bearing Drift. The Local Blog Network is a group of bloggers from around the D.C. region who have agreed to make regular contributions to All Opinions Are Local.


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Need a simple way to dress up your look? Add a skirt! Our collection of Women's Skirts at American Eagle Outfitters contains so many different silhouettes and colors that will take your style from day to night, and are perfect for every occasion you can think of.
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SALT LAKE CITY — Jimmer Fredette has his own reality show, a song that's amassed nearly a million YouTube views and a legion of followers.
He also has a legion of detractors, making him possibly the most polarizing player in this year's NBA Draft.
Caught in the middle are the Utah Jazz, who with two first-round picks very well may be in position to pull the trigger at No. 12 and draft the BYU sharpshooter turned national sensation.
The question is should they and will they?
"I don't envy Kevin O'Connor on this one," Steve Kerr, a former NBA player and Phoenix Suns executive, said of the Jazz general manager. "If they don't take him and he blows up and is really good, that's a problem. Now they're the team that screwed up and didn't take Jimmer when he was right in their backyard.
"If (O'Connor) does take him and Jimmer doesn't pan out, then it's the opposite. You have to follow your gut. If you like him, take him. Either way it's a lot of pressure."
O'Connor gets to make the final decision Thursday on draft night. It won't be without input from Walt Perrin, the team's vice president of player personnel.
Perrin knows what it's like to draft a hometown hero.
He was director of scouting with the Detroit Pistons in 2000 when they held the No. 14 pick. They used it on a guy who grew up in Flint, Mich., and starred at Michigan State, leading the Spartans to the NCAA championship just a few months earlier.
But Mateen Cleaves would hardly become the all-everything player that LeBron James was in Cleveland and Derrick Rose is in Chicago.
Cleaves lasted one year in Detroit, averaging 5.4 points and 2.7 assists, before bouncing around and eventually out of the league.
"It didn't work out that well," Perrin said. "There was not that pressure with the team in Detroit as there is right now with Jimmer."
Perrin doesn't live in Salt Lake City, so he doesn't hear what coach Tyrone Corbin and O'Connor must deal with on a daily basis.
But he saw the throng of media that flocked to Fredette's workout last week, and he hears the endless speculation.
If the Jazz go big with the No. 3 pick, a guard figures to be a top priority with the No. 12 pick.
The guards most often mentioned for picks 10 through 15 are Fredette, Colorado sophomore Alec Burks and Washington State junior Klay Thompson.
Fredette's squeaky-clean image gives him an advantage over Thompson, who has a black mark on his resume following a March incident in which he was cited for marijuana possession and suspended for Washington State's regular-season finale.
Burks could be the perfect fit for the Jazz if they want an aggressive scorer with great court vision.
Neither Burks nor Thompson, both of whom worked out for the Jazz on Monday, put up the kind of numbers Fredette did in leading the NCAA in scoring (28.9 points per game) and earning national player of the year honors.
As for marketing, Fredette has plenty of appeal.
"Short-term, Jimmer no doubt would sell some tickets and create excitement and intrigue in Utah," said Jeff Robbins, president of the Utah Sports Commission. "But when the day is done, his long-term impact will be based on performance, just like with any business, and whether or not he helps his team win."
Jazz President Randy Rigby said Fredette clearly has impressed the community.
On the court are where the concerns are — with Fredette's defense, his athleticism and ability to play the point.
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Phone: (203) 254-7056 View Additional Phone Numbers 120 Ledyard St, Hartford, CT 06114 http://www.safesidechimney.com
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Safeside Chimney & Duct Cleaning offers chimney cleaning, repairs, relining, and caps, as well as duct cleaning. Servicing the entire state of CT.
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165 Capitol Ave, Hartford CT 06106
Phone Number: (860) 713-6300
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Business ManagementMr. Kevin Beary, Vice President
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Chimney Cleaning Duct Cleaning Air Duct Cleaning Chimney Builders & Repair Mason Contractors Waterproofing Contractors Other Services to Buildings and Dwellings (NAICS: 561790)


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Last Stand at Saber River (Paperback)
Usually Ships in 1-5 Days
A quiet haunted man, Paul Cable walked away from a lost cause hoping to pick up where he left off. But things have changed in Arizona since he first rode out to go fight for the Confederacy. Two brothers Union men have claimed his spread and they're not about to give it back, leaving Cable and his family no place to settle in peace. It seems this war is not yet over for Paul Cable. But no one's going to take away his land and his future not with their laws, their lies, or their guns.
About the Author
Elmore Leonard wrote more than forty books during his long career, including the bestsellers Raylan, Tishomingo Blues, Be Cool, Get Shorty, and Rum Punch, as well as the acclaimed collection When the Women Come Out to Dance, which was a New York Times Notable Book. Many of his books have been made into movies, including Get Shorty and Out of Sight. The short story "Fire in the Hole," and three books, including Raylan, were the basis for the FX hit show Justified. Leonard received the Lifetime Achievement Award from PEN USA and the Grand Master Award from the Mystery Writers of America. He died in 2013.


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A paper by William Fisk, Anna Mirer, and Mark Mendell has received a "best paper" award from the editors of the journal Indoor Air.
According to the citation, "Quantitative relationship of sick building syndrome symptoms with ventilation rates," was "one of the top papers published in the journal during the years 2008-2010."
The authors were honored at one of the plenary sessions of the Indoor Air 2011 conference, which takes place this week in Austin.
"Quantitative relationship of sick building syndrome symptoms with ventilation rates", (Indoor Air 19: 159-165, June 2009).


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First Loren wants a Tablet only conference and then Peter shoots it down since it would really be a Notebook conference. I actually like the idea of a Tablet conference, but think that there wouldn't necessarily ever be a dedicated conference for Tablets in general -- but believe me I have no inside knowledge on this, just a gut feeling. However I could believe that there might be value in having mini-conferences (e.g. a workshop) for things like developing recognition engines or maybe on building effective interfaces for the pen.
Remember I'm in no position to actually make this dream come true, but I'd be interested in hearing what people actually would want if a Tablet Conference did exist? What would you want to learn about? What would make it worth your while to attend?
Okay I'm interested in knowing above, but what I really want to know is what would make a conference about Mobility (i.e. Laptops including Tablets) valuable? Where are the areas that you feel like you don't know about? What are the topics that you think make it hard to use a Mobile PC or would make a Mobile PC more useful?


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When Congress tells the federal bureaucracy it wants an annual report on subject x, y or z, well, that's what Congress gets, CBS News State Department Reporter Charles Wolfson reports for CBSNews.com.
And so, pursuant to the Foreign Assistance Act of 1961, as amended, and...the Trade Act of 1974, as amended
(I'll spare you the various paragraphs and subsection citations), the State Department in 1977 issued its first report to Congress, just 137 pages in length, covering 82 countries (all those which received U.S. assistance).
Friday, ever faithful to its Congressional mandate, the State Dept. issued its 1999 report on human rights to Congress. This year it weighed in at more than 6,000 pages and covered 194 countries.
On one hand, just another example of bureaucratic inflation. On the other hand, Friday's report indicates a significant shift in foreign policy priorities.
"Serious and repeated abuses of human rights are everybody's business," says Secretary of State Madeleine Albright. "In today's transformed world," Albright continued, "ignorance of atrocities is barely possible and therefore no excuse."
These annual reports now result from the gathering of information from many sources. In the first instance all U.S. embassies abroad contribute in great detail with reporting in all of the areas which make up the report, including human rights, religious freedom, press freedom, rights of women, rule of law, workers rights and the trafficking of persons in various parts of the world.
U.S. officials in the embassies write the first draft of the annual document.
Reports are also gathered from non-governmental organizations specializing in human rights, from international and regional organizations and from press reports.
After information is gathered, it goes through a process of being sifted and verified to the extent possible in Washington, although Department officials concede "it is often difficult to evaluate the credibility of reports of human rights abuses."
The nature and tone of the annual reports have changed over the years. Concern for the rights of women have been highlighted in recent years and in the 1999 report, for the first time, a special section in each country's report addressed the challenge posed by trafficking in human beings. The report calls this a "growing, global problem," mostly affecting women and children.
Secretary Albright concluded her introduction of the report by saying "there was a time, not that long ago, when it would have seemed beside the point to raise the issue of human rights in a diplomatic or foreign policy setting. Today, promoting democracy and human rights often is the main point."
The report can be read on the State Department's website.
By Charles Wolfson
Background On The Report
Copyright 2000 CBS. All rights reserved.


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"I was about to start classes at a different four-year school, but found it was chaotic. They made transferring difficult and did not accept all my credits," said Nubia. "Then, I dropped by the CSE admissions office. They made enrollment easy, accepted 90 credits in transfer, and the classes were offered online."
Read Nubia's' Story
The Criminal Justice program promotes an intensive understanding of important social, ethical, and political issues surrounding our system of justice, and is designed for those who wish to serve in our justice system. Degrees include a B.A. in Criminal Justice, and a fully online M.A. in Justice Administration and Public Service. Our classes are designed for those interested in or currently serving in law enforcement, the judiciary, corrections or victim advocacy.
1. Established internships with criminal justice agencies, law firms and corporate security
2. Small classes with faculty who have experience in the field
3. A combined B.A. / M.A. degree program for successful students
See Requirements
1. 50% tuition discount for sworn-in law enforcement officers
2. Fully online classes for those currently working in the profession
3. Prepares students for managerial and executive positions within the criminal justice field
See Requirements
1. Fully online classes for those currently working in the profession
2. Prepares students for managerial and executive positions in various sectors
3. Flexibility to also study aspects of non-profits, business, law, and social services
See Requirements
"Wanting to get to the next management level, I reviewed my resume. A friend kept pushing me to finish my degree, but with a very full plate I felt I couldn't take it on. My friend had Dr. Ford call me to explain the BA/MA program at CSE. He also sent me the printed information. It took a few months before I decided I was ready."
– Eboni Phillips, '16
(973) 290-4085
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Course of Study Coordinator, M.A. in Justice Admin and Public Service
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Special Adress 2: The Coming Wave of East Asian Democracy
Larry Diamond, Director, Center for Democracy Develoopment and the Rule of Law,Stanford University
With the eruption of mass movements for democratic change throughout the Arab world in 2011, hopeful analysts of global Democratic prospects have focused attention on the Middle East. But if a new regional wave of transitions to democracy unfolds in the next five to ten years, it is more likely to come from East Asia- a region that has been strangely neglected in recent thinking about the near-term prospects for extension of democracy. And East Asia is also better positioned to increase the number of liberal and sustainable democracies. Unlike the Arab world, East Asia already has a critical mass of democracies. 40% of East Asian states (seven of the seventeen) are democracies, moreover, there are now significant prospects for Democratic change in the number of the region's remaining authoritarian regimes. In China there is escalating pressure for Democratic change with increasing economic development, educational changes, and information levels of the middle-income group of China's population. Professor Larry diamond will deliver a talk about the general trend of East Asian democracies in the past decade and prospects for the future.
Tuesday, April 10, 2012 | 1:45 pm — 3:15 pm


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Definition of night monkey in English:
night monkey
Another term for douroucouli.
Example sentences
- This type of activity pattern, which is termed cathemeral, has been reported outside Madagascar in only one other primate: Azara's night monkey in South America.
- We saw squirrel monkeys, capuchins, spider monkeys, peccaries, kinkajous, coatis, howler monkeys, tayras - a large mustelid that Martyn thought was a tree otter - pacas, night monkeys, giant anteaters and a tapir.
- Medical management of the diseases of night monkeys is complex and requires close veterinary supervision.
For editors and proofreaders
Line breaks: night mon¦key
Definition of night monkey in:
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- Swimmer Ryan Lochte reveals one of his worst dates - US Weekly
- Get the latest on Dr. Dre's arrest - TMZ
- Despite rumors, Eddie Murphy's daughter is not pregnant - Gossip Cop
- The Vampire Diaries star Michael Trevino steps out for a good cause - Just Jared Jr
- Are Blac Chyna and Kylie Jenner on good terms? - Radar
- Blue Ivy is just as stylish as her mom Beyonce! - Lainey Gossip
- This Narcos star confirms he's not coming back for another season of the show - The Hollywood Reporter
07 November 2012 at 10:00 PM
Keira Knightley & Olivia Wilde: 'Anna Karenina' Screening!
About this photo set: Keira Knightley attends a screening of her new film Anna Karenina on Wednesday (November 7) in Florence Gould Hall in New York City. The 27-year-old actress was… Read More Here
Photo #: 2752922
Posted to Alicia Vikander, Anna Karenina, Keira Knightley, Olivia Wilde
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Gathering at the Town Green in Woodstock--Irina sends a final text before the long walk
Jen, the other "advance guard" walker
Nothing safe about the way Tarak has chosen to grow old
Ann Shirazi (right) came up from New York City
Nic (who drove the transport van), Eeo, and Rick
Laurie makes some last-minute announcements
Hajooj, up from Brooklyn, originally from Sudan
Manijeh, originally from Iran
Lining up to set off
And the long walk begins
Heading down Tinker Street
Route 212 stretches in front of us
Past Woodstock Meats
Past Sunflower, the health food store, one of many local businesses to donate food to the community dinner at the end
Laurie carries "The Right to Question," which was suggested by her father
Moving out of Woodstock
An onlooker applauds
Another passerby pulls over to take a picture
Eeo prepares to greet the walkers at Mile 2.
The "leapfrogging" squad--Todd Eaton and Brad Taylor, both up from New York Cit--stood in front of blind curves until the walkers came into sight, and then moved to the next danger spot
The "advance guard" comes into view once again
Eeo in position at Mile 2--at each mile she greeted the walkers with a quote and encouragement
Udi Pladott, another New Yorker (and originally an Israeli--it was an international crew)
And Libor, a Czech, rounding out the international contingent
At Mile 3, the first water stop.
In the foreground is Helaine Meisler's car. She performed an important function, "looping" over and over past the walkers driving at the speed limit to keep the rest of the traffic from going the 20 miles over the speed limit that is normal on this road.
The advance warning walkers, grinning away
Rick, a Catskill native who is struggling to keep his business afloat in these economic times
Special request photo from Shebar--to send to a friend
The advance team is still smiling, despite the stress of miles of facing speeding oncoming traffic; most drivers slowed down dramatically once they saw the big yellow signs
In many places, the shoulder was narrow, and the warning signs to drivers were critical in getting them to slow down and give the walkers room
Helaine's car is visible at the left, yet another loop by the walkers to keep the rest of the traffic from speeding
Eeo sorts through her signs for the next mile-marker
The sun starts getting bright, and the temperature rises
Mile 7, getting close to Saugerties
Mile 8, another water stop.
The last stretch before the outskirts of Saugerties. Ariel Zevon and her son Max have joined us from Vermont
Noor, a Palestinian, carries a sign with a right suggested by her father, who is serving a 65-year prison term in isolation in a communication-control unit
And the advancers are still smiling
Coming over the Thruway overpass at Saugerties
In the foreground, Taha, a Palestinian filmmaker who helped with videotaping
Mile 9, at Big Lots in Saugerties, where some left and some joined the walk
The German contingent, Suzanne and Silke, caught up with us here.
Irina, still smiling, takes a short break.
And onward into Saugerties.
Waiting to meet the walkers in the center of Saugerties
These signs were made especially for going through the Saugerties Farmers Market, where we were invited to stop by and drink lemonade
Mile 10
We hope this sign in Saugerties is true
And the advance guard arrives in central Saugerties
Followed by the walkers
The special "farmer" signs are in evidence now
Tosaka, from Japan, carries a sign that is dear to his heart.
An onlooker waits to greet us
At the farmers market, another short rest stop; the man in the blue shirt is Joel Tyner, who is running for Congress and joined us for the leg through Saugerties
Irina and the two Germans
Coming out of Saugerties on 9W, a narrow winding road where drivers speed and the shoulders are narrow to nonexistent
We are joined by Starly, a fourth-grader from the Woodstock Day School whose birthday request was to go in to New York to see Occupy Wall Street. She takes picking her sign very seriously.
She makes a good choice
Still smiling
Juan, from Nicaragua
Mile 12. More than half way.
The first four joined us at the Big Lots, having driven up from the Upper West Side
Rick is still hanging in there, having taken a couple of short breaks from walking.
Max is hanging in there; he walked most of the 13 miles from where he joined us with his mother in Saugerties
One of Tarak's favorite rights
Irina too
Mile 13--almost two-thirds of the way
Starly looking glamorous
This is really Mile 14, but the "14" sign disappeared
Tarak grazes on some of the grass by the road
Coming through one of the one-way underpasses under the railway
The second railway underpass is a very tight curve, and Todd slows the cars down in advance
This is really Mile 15, so we are more than two-thirds of the way now
Crossing the road for a water break
Manijeh carries her water bottle in style
Shebar's mind is sometimes upside-down
Still smiling, and Jen is sporting a blister by now
Mile 16--almost three-quarters of the way
A cement factory--once the biggest employer in the county--now shut down
Mile 17--more than 75% of the way now, and Irina is still smiling
Eva, one of the videographers, runs back to get her shot
Eva videotapes the walkers
We stop at Mile 17 to collect some more walkers who want to join us for the homestretch
Tarak takes a catnap
Coming along a beautiful rockface
Tarak has a dinosaur on his head--I'm not sure of its origins
Helaine makes another loop by in the foreground
And still smiling
Ann Shirazi has rejoined for the last leg
Mile 18--only 4 more to go!
3 and counting
Starly is still going strong
A crowd is waiting at the Price Chopper in Catskill to join in for the last mile
The walkers come into view on the outskirts of Catskill
Turning on 9W for the last stretch into Catskill
The crowd waits across the street at Mile 21
Crossing 9W to join those at the Price Chopper
The Tax Dodgers came out to join us
Silke and Wendy, a couple of new recruits, have suited up
Starting off for the last mile, crossing 9W for the last time
A policeman helps us for the last mile, holding traffic so we can cross the street together
The crowd is at about 100 now
The last big street crossing into Catskill and Jen and Irina haven't stopped smiling yet
The policeman holds the traffic for us
Down 385 into Catskill
The last bit is thankfully on sidewalk--no tiny shoulders and blind curves; Starly's little sister is in the foreground, followed by her mother
The Catskill Museum
Crossing Catskill Creek
Up the hill to Main Street
On Main Street in Catskill, where there is an exhibition--From Wall Street to Main Street--with installations in many of the storefronts
On Main Street in Catskill
The walkers move down Main Street
At Doubles, where there is a fabulous community dinner
Walkers put their signs down to go eat
The signs line the block
Mile 22.