text:
Comprehensive Description
Orectolobus hutchinsinew species
(Figs 1-7, Table 1)
Orectolobus sp. : Hutchins and Thompson, 1983, pp 10, 73, fig. 10.
Orectolobus sp. : Hutchins and Swainston, 1986, pp 20, 119, fig. 12.
Orectolobus sp. A : Last and Stevens, 1994, pp 126, 128-9, fig. 14.2, Pl. 26; Compagno, 2001, pp 154, 161-2, figs 117, 125; Compagno, et al., 2005, p 164, Pl. 24.
Holotype . CSIRO H 5275-01, 1325 mm TL, mature male, north of Rottnest Island, Western Australia , 31° 55'S , 115° 27'E , caught by demersal gillnet, 39 m depth, 19 Dec. 1999 .
Paratypes . Twelve specimens. CSIRO H 6189-01, 1099 mm TL, female , CSIRO H 6189-02, 921 mm TL, immature male , CSIRO H 6189-03, 1005 mm TL, immature male, west of Green Head, Western Australia , 30° 00'S , 114° 32'E , caught by demersal gillnet, 79 m depth, 15 Oct. 2004 ; WAM P 4736-001, 2 specimens, 234 mm TL, juvenile female, 236 mm TL, juvenile male, Stony Island, Albany, Western Australia , 35° 02'S , 117°38'E , 28 Oct. 1959 ; WAM P 6702-001, 200 mm TL, late male embryo, WAM P 6704-001, 202 mm TL, late female embryo, Shark Bay, Western Australia , 25°21'S , 113°40'E , Sept. 1960 ; WAM P 12021-001, 576 mm, immature male, Point Peron, Western Australia , 32°15'S , 115°40'E , caught by line ; WAM P 27880-001, two specimens 246 mm TL, juvenile male, 341 mm TL, juvenile female, Bunkers Bay, Western Australia , 33°32'S , 115°02'E , caught by rotenone, 0.1 to 5 m depth, 8 Dec. 1982 ; WAM P 26620-001, 369 mm TL, female; Geordie Bay, Rottnest Island, Western Australia , 32°00'S , 115°30'E , caught by rotenone, 5 m depth ; WAM P 27731-001, 905 mm TL, male, Ocean Reef, Western Australia , 31°47'S , 115°38'E , caught by fishing line .
Diagnosis. A moderate-sized, Orectolobus with the following: yellowish brown when fresh with well-defined, darker brown saddles; no white spots, blotches or reticulations on fins or body; nasal barbel distinctly bilobed; postspiracular lobes simple, reduced or rudimentary; distance across preorbital lobe group 1.2-1.3 times interspace between preorbital group and postspiracular lobe, 13-15 times base length of anterior postspiracular lobe; base of anterior postspiracular lobe 11-12 in its distance from postorbital group, 4.9-7 in its distance from posterior postspiracular lobe; mouth width 4.7-10.2 times preoral distance; no warty tubercles on back of adult; juveniles with rows of elevated denticles or poorly defined warty tubercles on back; dorsal fins raked posteriorly; first dorsal fin over rear half of pelvic-fin bases; interdorsal space 0.38-0.56 times anal-fin base length; anal-fin inner margin 0.8-1.1 times anal-fin posterior margin; teeth in upper jaw 25-27, those in medial row at symphysis rudimentary; spiral valve turns 26-28; monospondylous centra 48-50.
Description. Body firm, moderately depressed anteriorly from snout to pelvic-fin origin; broadest over midtrunk, trunk width 18.5% in holotype (15.2-17.6% in adult paratypes, 12.2-16.3% in postnatal juvenile paratypes) TL. Head broad, strongly depressed, somewhat oval in cross-section, length 21.7 (21.7-23.0)% TL; maximum height 9.3 (5.6-9.7)% TL, length 0.88 (0.70-0.86) in pectoral-pelvic space; pelvic-anal space 2.69 (1.86-3.42) times anal-fin base; snout-vent length 1.00 (0.81-1.01) tail length. Tail subcircular anteriorly in adults, more compressed in juveniles, its width 1.04 (0.99- 1.02, 1.26-1.27 in juveniles) in height at second dorsal-fin insertion; caudal peduncle rudimentary, caudal fin almost connected to anal-fin insertion, compressed slightly, oval in cross section, width 1.43 (1.09-1.57) in height.
Snout short, narrowly rounded in lateral view, almost truncate to broadly rounded in dorsal view, apex indented slightly; preoral length 1.4 (1.0-2.0)% TL, 6.6 (4.4-10.2) in mouth width; prenarial length negligible. Eyes dorsal on head, small, slit-like, length 1.7 (1.4-1.9)% TL, 12.6 (11.8-15.5) in head length; supraorbital crest elevated slightly over and eye and above spiracle; interorbit flat to weakly concave, space 3.61 (3.51-4.80) times eye length, 1.25 (1.07-1.50) times preorbit, 2.39 (2.18-2.67) times spiracle length, 0.87 (0.71-1.04) in prespiracular length; subocular pocket deep, well-developed, curved ventrally. Spiracles narrow, slit-like, oblique to horizontal axis, slightly longer than eye, 1.51 (1.43-2.01) times eye length; their dorsal margin strongly concave, well elevated above weakly concave ventral margin; eye-spiracle space relatively large, 1.8 (1.5-1.9)% TL; weak groove above dorsal margin of spiracle; short, deep, transverse groove near posterior edge of spiracle. Gill slits lateral on head; anterior four slits more or less equally spaced, of similar height 1.8-2 (1.1-2.1)% TL; 5th gill slit tallest, 1.33 (1.25-1.97) times 4th; 4th closer to 5th than to 3rd; 2nd directly above pectoral-fin origin, 5th slightly anterior to midbase of pectoral fin. Mouth subterminal, large, horizontally expanded, broadly arched; width 9 (8.5-10.4)% TL, 3.2-5.8 times its length in paratypes (length in holotype damaged), 1.77 (1.43-2.05) in head width at eye; mouth length of paratypes 1.8-2.8% TL; upper labial furrows 3.6 (3.5-4.3)% TL, originating at ventral margin of nostrils; lower labial furrows longer than uppers, their length 4.8 (4.3-5.4)% TL, 0.53 (0.42-0.63) of mouth width, almost connected near symphysis of lower jaw; short, deep longitudinal groove at symphysis of lower jaw. Nostrils small, widely separated, internarial space 4.7 (4.1-5.1)% TL, adjacent upper lip of mouth. Nasal barbel terminal on head, medial to nostrils, proboscis like, rounded basally, tapering distally, length subequal to upper labial furrows; short, flattened lobe at basal third of its posterior margin (less pronounced in juveniles); lateral nasal lobe broad, well elevated, subcircular, most expanded posteriorly.
Teeth not exposed when mouth closed, varying in shape and size in each jaw (Figs 5, 6); cusps mostly directed lingually; some non-symphysial teeth with weak distal cusplet. Upper jaw with 3 rows at symphysis, a single medial row of small teeth with a weak cusp, flanked on each side by a row of very large, fang-like teeth; lateral symphysial rows with long cusps, in three functional series, labial cusps well anterior, more upright and partly recessed into upper lip; rows distal to symphysis with teeth decreasing sequentially in size, anterior teeth with long cusps, near angle of jaw cusps very short, indistinct. Lower jaw with three rows of enlarged symphysial teeth, their cusps subequal in length to each other and to those at symphysis of upper jaw; tooth cusps distal to symphysis decreasing sequentially in size more sharply than in upper jaw; cusps rudimentary near angle. Tooth formula (holotype, 3 paratypes): upper jaw 12 (12-13) + 1 (1) + 12 (12-13) = 25 (25-27); lower jaw 10 (10-11) + 1 (1) + 9 (10-11) = 20 (21-23).
Dermal lobes poorly developed; anterior preorbital group (PO1) with two, simple lobes, first lobe broader based and shorter than second, lobes almost connected; posterior preorbital group (PO2) with two simple lobes, longer, more slender, more widely spaced than anterior group; combined distance across preorbital groups 6.7 (6.3-6.6, 7.2-7.6 in juveniles)% TL; anterior postspiracular group (PS1) with single, short lobe; posterior postspiracular lobe (PS2) rudimentary in holotype, simple, short in paratypes, base width of anterior postspiracular lobe 0.5 (0.4-0.5, 0.7-0.8 in juveniles)% TL, base width of posterior postspiracular lobe 0.3 (0.3, 0.4-0.5 in juveniles)% TL; distance between preorbital group and anterior postspiracular lobe 5.1 (5.3-5.4, 4.4-5.0 in juveniles)% TL, between postspiracular lobes 3.2 (2.4-2.7, 2.2-2.4 in juveniles)% TL.
Dermal denticles (Fig. 7) variable in shape, on dorsal trunk minute, columnar, nonimbricated, compact (juvenile denticles imbricated); crowns of adult usually convex distally, with scalloped or irregular anterior margins, entire posterior margins (juveniles with broad, leaf-shaped crowns); crowns winged or filamentous inside spiracle; skin somewhat velvety; postnatal juveniles with elevated scales, extending in two, irregular longitudinal rows from near spiracle to below second dorsal fin, more elevated in WAM P 4736-001 (female, 236 mm TL) than smaller paratype, WAM P 6702-001 (male, 200 mm TL); weak warty tubercles on back of largest juvenile, WAM P 1202-001 (male, 576 mm TL); holotype and larger paratypes lacking warty tubercles. Clasper elongate, extending to below second dorsal fin; outer length 9.7% TL; inner length 15.9% TL, 4.5 times width at base; glands expanded slightly, tip bluntly pointed.
Dorsal fins similar in size and shape, firm, triangular; anterior and posterior margins straight, equally oblique; apices acute, first dorsal-fin apex not more rounded than second dorsal-fin apex; inner margin parallel originating just forward of level of pelvic-fin rear tip; predorsal length 50.7 (47.5-49.5)% TL, pre-second dorsal-fin length 64.1 (58.5- 62.2)% TL; first dorsal-fin height 7.7 (7.2-9.0)% TL; 1.06 (0.91-1.08) times second dorsal-fin height; first dorsal-fin inner margin 1.26 (1.02-1.5) times spiracle length; first dorsal-fin midpoint to pectoral-fin insertion 27.5 (24.6-28.7)% TL; first dorsal-fin midpoint to pelvic-fin origin 8.5 (8.5-9.4, 10.1-10.2 in juveniles)% TL.
Pectoral fin moderately large, length 14.8 (11.6-14.7)% TL, anterior margin length 3.53 (2.43-4.01) times inner margin length; base fleshy, anterior margin weakly convex, apex narrowly rounded; posterior margin straight distally; inner margin straight, free rear tip very broadly rounded; prepectoral length 18.3 (17.4-20.3)% TL; pectoral-pelvic space 19.1 (15-19.2)% TL.
Pelvic fin subtriangular, of moderate-size, length 14.3 (11.7-13.5)% TL; anterior margin straight; apex very broadly rounded; posterior margin weakly convex; inner margin straight, free rear tip narrowly rounded; origin well anterior to first dorsal-fin origin, insertion below first dorsal-fin midpoint, prepelvic length 46.2 (39.8-45)% TL; pelvic-anal space 20.9 (19.1-22.9)% TL, pelvic-caudal space 26.9 (27-29.2)% TL.
Anal fin obliquely elongate, lobe-like, well developed, base 7.8 (6.7-8.5, 8.1-11.4 in juveniles)% TL, 0.56 (0.24-0.45) in interdorsal distance; anterior and inner margins almost parallel, very broadly rounded at apex; origin well posterior of second dorsal-fin insertion; anal-fin height 2.06 (1.79-2.27, 2.47-4.00 in juveniles) in base length; second dorsal-fin origin to anal-fin origin 12.1 (10.5-12.6)% TL, second dorsal-fin insertion to anal-fin insertion 7.7 (7.6-10)% TL; anal-fin length 3.35 (2.26-5.63) times its posterior margin length; inner margin 0.75 (0.76-1.33) times posterior margin.
Caudal fin moderately elongate, strongly compressed; dorsal caudal margin straight, length 18.5 (18.1-19.6, 19.5-22.8 in juveniles)% TL, its origin slightly anterior to anal-fin insertion; upper lobe originating as a indistinct, low ridge; posterior margin irregular, with rounded apices; terminal caudal lobe fan-like, length 1.75 (1.37-2.02) times spiracle length.
Vertebral counts (n=5 paratypes): monospondylous centra 48-50; precaudal centra 106-109; caudal centra 39-45; total centra 97-105. Spiral valve counts: 26-28 (n=3, based on discarded specimens, validated from photographs).
Coloration. When fresh. Dorsal surface medium brown to yellowish with prominent dark brown blotches and saddles; three predorsal saddles, additional bars beneath each dorsal fin, one bar interdorsally; blotches and saddles strongly demarcated, but not well defined from each other (better defined in juveniles); dark markings spaced irregularly with diffuse edges; predorsal saddles with well-defined, yellowish ocelli; snout finely spotted; no small dark or whitish spots, blotches or reticulations; unpaired fins and upper surfaces of paired fins darkest anteriorly. Ventral surface only slightly paler than rest of body. In preservative. Dorsal coloration becoming greyish to bluish grey; saddles and bars remaining dark, brown to reddish-brown (ginger), strongly demarcated from rest of body; contrast of similar tones on dorsal, caudal, and upper surfaces of pectoral and pelvic fins; mouth white; nasal barbel darker dorsally than ventrally. Ventral surface whitish with dark grey blotches; blotches less dense in paratypes, greyish areas concentrated to lip margins, edge of head, and on pectoral and pelvic fins; tail more uniformly dark than trunk; claspers grey.
Size. This species was first reported by Hutchins and Thompson (1983) and was thought to reach about 152 cm TL. Others have claimed that it matures by 85 cm TL (Last and Stevens, 1994) and attains about 200 cm TL (Hutchins and Swainston, 1986, Compagno, 2001). Unpublished data by one of us (Chidlow) is based on 696 specimens, including mature males. The largest individual observed measured 149 cm TL confirming the initial reports of a smaller maximum size for O. hutchinsi . However, males mature at a slightly larger size than suggested by earlier reports (i.e. about 111 cm TL rather than 85 cm TL). The mature male holotype had a girth of 625 mm and weighed 15 kg. Young are born at 22-26 cm TL (mean 24.1 cm TL based on 40 specimens).
Etymology. Named in honour of Dr Barry Hutchins (curator of fishes at the Western Australian Museum, Perth) who has dedicated a lifetime to the taxonomy of the rich fish fauna of Western Australia. Dr Hutchins first reported this species as an undescribed taxon more than 20 years ago.
Common name. Western Wobbegong.
Distribution. Inshore continental shelf off Western Australia from Groper Bluff (west of Bremer Bay) to Coral Bay (near North West Cape). Types known from 0.1-79 m but additional material collected in depths of 9-106 m.
Comparisons. One of the most distinctive members of the genus Orectolobus based on its colour pattern and dermal lobe morphology, Orectolobus hutchinsi is larger than most wobbegong species. It has a distinctive yellowish brown upper body coloration with welldefined, darker brown saddles containing paler markings (most congeners have stronger and more complex colour patterns) that lacks whitish rings and blotches (unlike O. ornatus and O. maculatus ). Of the wobbegongs, only Sutorectus tentaculatus and Orectolobus wardi ZBK have poorly developed lobes on the head similar to those of O. hutchinsi . In these species the lobes are simple, and typically reduced in size or rudimentary (rather than mostly lobe-like and well-developed). However, unlike O. hutchinsi , they have a simple nasal barbel (rather than possessing a barbel with an additional, flattened, sub-basal lobe). Adults of Orectolobus hutchinsi also lack rows of warty tubercles along the back which are considered to be diagnostic of S. tentaculatus . Postnatal juveniles of O. hutchinsi have weakly developed rows of dorsal tubercles that become obscure in late juveniles and absent in adults.
Wobbegongs have other unique characters -the morphometrics of the lobe groups on the head appear to be important for distinguishing species. The shapes of lobes in each group, and the distance across the preorbital lobe group in relation to the base widths of both postspiracular groups and their interspaces, are unique to O. hutchinsi . These data should be obtained routinely when treating other members of this family.
- Peter R. Last, Justin A. Chidlow, Leonard J. V. Compagno (2006): A new wobbegong shark, Orectolobus hutchinsi n. sp. (Orectolobiformes: Orectolobidae) from southwestern Australia. Zootaxa 1239, 35-48: 37-47, URL:http://www.zoobank.org/urn:lsid:zoobank.org:pub:77AF36F2-0E00-4135-BC39-494A769E7952
Range Description
Physical Description
Max. size
Diagnostic Description
Habitat and Ecology
Von Bertalanffy growth parameters estimated from vertebral cross-sections and an assumed annual banding pattern were L = 149.45 and K = 0.117 year-1. Although the periodicity of vertebral band formation in captive animals did not support synchronous annual vertebral band deposition, captive growth rates matched those predicted with an annual band-deposition frequency (Chidlow et al. 2007).
- Marine
Environmental ranges
Depth range (m): 39 - 39
Note: this information has not been validated. Check this *note*. Your feedback is most welcome.
Molecular Biology and Genetics
Molecular Biology
Statistics of barcoding coverage: Orectolobus sp. a
Public Records: 0
Specimens with Barcodes: 2
Species With Barcodes: 1
Barcode data: Orectolobus hutchinsi
The following is a representative barcode sequence, the centroid of all available sequences for this species.
There are 8 barcode sequences available from BOLD and GenBank.
Below is a sequence of the barcode region Cytochrome oxidase subunit 1 (COI or COX1) from a member of the species.
See the BOLD taxonomy browser for more complete information about this specimen and other sequences.
-- end --
Download FASTA File
Statistics of barcoding coverage: Orectolobus hutchinsi
Public Records: 8
Specimens with Barcodes: 8
Species With Barcodes: 1
Statistics of barcoding coverage: Orectolobus sp.
Public Records: 0
Specimens with Barcodes: 19
Species With Barcodes: 1
Statistics of barcoding coverage: Orectolobus sp. m
Public Records: 0
Specimens with Barcodes: 2
Species With Barcodes: 1
Conservation Status
IUCN Red List Assessment
Red List Category
Red List Criteria
Year Assessed
- 2003Least Concern(IUCN 2003)
- 2003Least Concern
Population Trend
Small orectolobids also occur in commercial rock lobster pots throughout temperate coastal Western Australian waters (Chidlow et al. 2007). However, as all sharks and rays are now commercially protected throughout Western Australia, wobbegongs generally cannot be retained by State-managed commercial fishing vessels unless they are operating in the managed shark fishery.
The retained catch of wobbegongs by recreational fishers off the west coast of Australia has been estimated at approximately 1,000 animals year-1 (Sumner and Williamson, 1999). Although the species composition of recreational wobbegong catches is unknown, it is suspected that the majority may be comprised of O. hutchinsi.
Conservation Actions
Relative to the area known to be occupied by O. hutchinsi, shark fishing effort (mainly demersal gillnet) is sparsely distributed and managed via time-gear input controls. The managed shark fishery's catches and fishing effort are routinely monitored through analyses of statutory daily/trip logbook data and the fishery's target stocks are subject to regular stock assessments.
The use of commercial shark fishing gear (large mesh gillnets and demersal longlines) is prohibited north of 26°30' S latitude to 120° E longitude off the north coast, which may include the northern extent of the species' range.
The use of metal snoods (gangions) is commercially prohibited throughout Western Australian waters (except for a small amount of demersal longline effort in the managed shark fishery and pelagic mackerel troll lines).
Recreational fishers are subject to a daily bag limit of two sharks per person.
This species is potentially protected in the following Australian Marine Protected Areas, Marine Parks and nature reserves:
Ningaloo Marine Park, WA
Shark Bay Marine Park, WA
Jurien Bay Marine Park, WA
Hamelin Pool Marine Nature Reserve, WA
Shoalwater Islands Marine Park, WA
Marmion Marine Park , WA
Orectolobus hutchinsi
Orectolobus hutchinsi, the western wobbegong, is a species of carpet shark in the family Orectolobidae. Despite having been known for many years (often referred to as Orectolobus sp. A), it only received its scientific name in 2006.[2] It is found at rocky reefs off Western Australia between Bremer Bay and Coral Bay at depths down to 106 metres (348 ft).[2] It is a medium-large wobbegong with a skin pattern somewhat resembling that of a jaguar[3] and a maximum length of 1.5 metres (4.9 ft).[2]
See also[edit]
- ^ C. Huveneers & R. B. McAuley (2008). "Orectolobus hutchinsi". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Version 2009.2. International Union for Conservation of Nature. Retrieved 6 February 2010.
- ^ a b c Last, P.R., J. A. Chidlow, and L. J. V. Compagno (2006). A new wobbegong shark, Orectolobus hutchinsi n. sp. (Orectolobiformes: Orectolobidae) from southwestern Australia. Zootaxa (1239):35-48.
- ^ Marsh, N. (2007/08). Wobbegong Update... Sportdiving 125: 66-68.
- New shark found in Australia Matt Clarke, Practical Fishkeeping


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So, I dont ever remember being THIS hungry with my first. But, here's the thing...I can eat my 3 meals a day...they are however smaller because I can't eat a regular size in one sitting, it's too much and makes me sick. So, I'm eating 3 smaller meals a day. And about a kazillion snacks. My stomach is literally growling all the time from hunger pains. I just can't eat enough. For instance. Supper, I had a tuna sandwich (100F, and I'm no mood to cook). 30 mins later, I was hungry again, so I had an apple. 30 mins after that, my stomach is literally going to jump out of my body and devour the kitchen. So, hubby fixes me some left overs (small piece of steak-about the size of 1/2 an apple sliced, some potatoes,carrots, and turnip. I thought that I was going to be fine. That was 45 mins ago. My stomach is now growling like crazy again. I'm having milk and ritz crackers to try and help, then going to bed.
I'm so sick and tired of being hungry ALL the time! It's annoying. I have my dr's appointment tomorrow, and I'm definitely going to mention it to her...but is anyone else going through this, and if you are...how are you dealing with it?? I'm already overweight, and I dont want to put on a ton of weight, but I have to eat or I get sick.

subset: commoncrawl


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People in the highest quartile of 2-aminoadipic acid concentration were up to four times as likely as those in the lowest quartile to develop diabetes during a 12-year follow-up, according to a study in The Journal of Clinical Investigation. Data from an animal study also showed the molecule appeared to affect pancreatic function in mice.
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Biffy Clyro headlined the opening night of Leeds Festival tonight, proving the promoters right in picking a relatively new and unproven headliner to close the event.
Stepping onto the stage already topless, the band tore through 'Different People' and 'That Golden Rule'. Confident, calm and (most importantly) really, really loud nerves were calmed and with a massive audience of devoted fans to play to, the rest was plain sailing. Frontman Simon Neil held the audience in rapt attention, joking around at one moment while getting visibly emotional during 'Folding Stars' the next. Old songs like '57' and 'Questions and Answers' were brought out, "for the fans who were here in 2000", while newer anthems such as 'Bubbles' and 'Many Of Horror' drew mass singalongs. The latter in particular proved, as if it was ever in any doubt, that Matt Cardle's cover of the song for The X Factor and the ensuing furore have been banished from the Biffy history book.
Dipping into their older material illustrated Biffy Clyro's inextricable links to Leeds Festival, something their fellow headliners Green Day and Eminem simply do not have. Having played on seemingly every single stage in the past 13 years, this performance felt like a band rising to the top rather than simply displaying their already proved popularity. As 'Black Chandelier' turned into 'The Captain' and flames burst out of the stage, Simon Neil climbed to the top of the huge recreation of Storm Thorgerson's artwork for the band's latest album 'Opposites'. If ever proof were needed that Biffy Clyro deserved to headline this event, that was the moment. Then Neil went the full Cobain and smashed his guitar in half on the stage.
Though festival veterans themselves, seeing Biffy headline a festival as big as Leeds was refreshing. Like a breeze running through the whole music scene and reminding us that you don't have to have been around 20+ years to make people care about your songs at 11pm at night in a big field. Here's hoping that other festivals take heed of Leeds' brave booking and invest their cash in the future of music, not the past. If it generates sets as passionate and exciting as Biffy Clyro's tonight, nobody will regret it.


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uh, Hi?
hi newcomer
… Hi.
Did you just throw a burrito out your window?
his user page screams "i am 11 years old" all over It says his age is 69, if thats true he is the oldest user in kong, and why would he type ^ that
Dude, watch a movie sometime… its off of Anchorman. Jesus. God. Its getting ri-goddamn-diculous.
and he says that and he is 69 really.
Hello to you too, Guy-With-Weird-1-Name.
ppl104: and he says that and he is 69 really.
Shut up before I stomp your goofy ass.
And Hi-"YOUR-MOM"-avatar guy
hey i was just joking, no need to go crazy.
Uhh, Yeah…Thats also on Anchorman…
How bout the Introduction Thread
You have GOT to be kidding me Cloud… ;3
Sorry scape I couldn't resist. But you fell for it!
EVIL hello.
um… hi
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text:
Acadia Pharmaceuticals (ACAD) continues to soar, now up over 27% after saying its drug candidate...
Acadia Pharmaceuticals (ACAD) continues to soar, now up over 27% after saying its drug candidate Pimavanserin worked very well reducing hallucinations and delusions related to Parkinson's Disease during Phase III testing.
From other sites
at CNBC.com (Mar 11, 2015)
at CNBC.com (Dec 12, 2014)
at CNBC.com (Nov 4, 2014)
at CNBC.com (Nov 4, 2014)
at CNBC.com (Sep 11, 2014)
Comments (1)
This is extremely positive news for Acadia for eventually approval of Pimavanserin. Those of us who have significant stock in the company have enjoyed a substantial increase in value since it introduction in the market. I anticipate a multi million world wide market for this drug which offers relief to those suffering from the neurological effects of Parkinson disease .
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Hi I'm trying to post a help message but the forum is closed and I read that only PRO customers can get custom css help?
Anyone can help?
Hi I'm trying to post a help message but the forum is closed and I read that only PRO customers can get custom css help?
Anyone can help?
The theme Responsive was acquired by a new company - http://themeid.com/cyberchimps-acquires-themeid-and-responsive-wordpress-theme/
I think that's why the forum has changed. I'm not exactly sure what will happen with the support, but I'm sure that Emil will come and help on the forum when he can. If you can post your questions, we'll do our best to help.
Ok thanks! I'll start a new thread on what help I need specifically then! :)
Please see http://cyberchimps.com/forum/free/responsive/ this is where the free support is continued :)
@ Emil- Will you be helping us with the support?
I tried to go on Cybermonkeys & register and I keep getting an error message. I can't seem to get any support for Responsive. Should I just delete it and start over or is there a place to post a gripe.
There may be temporary issues related to moving the forums, so you can either have some patience or start a new thread here, and someone may be able to help you here.
Or, yes, you can pick a new theme.
(It seems a bit premature to "post a gripe" considering that support is free and not guaranteed for any WP theme, BTW.)
I certainly appreciate your help. How do I start a new thread? The problem seems to be with logging into the new owners of responsive and there is no way to contact them - everything is closed.
This topic has been closed to new replies.


text:
As Ukrainians face another long winter, with fighting continuing in the east, and Putin as bombastic and determined as ever, a network of activists around the world have organized an event to inspire new ideas for the years ahead.
The real reason that people call funnyman Stewart "the most trusted news source in America" is that he's an outsider. He rarely worries about offending his journalistic colleagues or angering high-level news sources who won't return his phone calls -- because he doesn't really have any.
While pro-Republican partisans seem to be exiting the fight, former members of the media, and key Democratic strategists connecting to Clinton and Obama, are leading the fight.
Perhaps Brown would be interested in knowing that charter schools, non-union schools and schools without tenure protections actually don't outperform their counterparts.
In a world filled with cutting satire and brutal parody and subversive deconstruction, he was one of those comics who really believed the purpose of comedy was to make people happy, to help people forget.
Alan's Alley is more than a store -- it's a real New York experience, and a precious Chelsea treasure. If you are a New Yorker -- and especially if you live downtown -- here's why you should drop by the new location.
Again, it seemed too silly to take seriously. Consider: The book tells the story of 13-year-old Brenna Strong, who spends a Saturday morning running errands with her mom, Bea ("Be Strong") and her dad, Richard ("Dick Strong"). Just like thee and me -- only Mr. and Mrs. Strong carry handguns for self-defense. Openly.
What is the meaning of life? Seems like a simple question. In reality, the answers can be pretty hilarious! They're certainly as different and unique as the people on Hollywood Boulevard.
The brilliance of Putinism lies in the regime's management of the public's habitual cynicism by appropriating the tools of conspiracy-mongering.
After all, the two of you haven't spoken in months. Why emerge from the woodwork now? Did she really like Game of Thrones, or was it rather your attention that she sought, and succeeded, to garner?
At MTV we were struggling with this assignment to create an animated show for girls. It hit me we already had what we needed. We would consider Daria for a show of her own.
While I agree there's a social maturity required in expressing irreverence through appropriate channels, the Church is missing out on a deep authenticity of the human experience if we continue to fear irreverence, instead of finding beauty in it.
There was little reason to consider having a threesome when I was single. It was hard enough to find one guy who made me want to shave my legs. If two reasonable men materialized, I would pass one along to a girlfriend.
Coulter buttresses her warning that the growing interest in soccer is a sign of our nation's moral decay with the facts that soccer "is foreign... the French like it," it is "like the metric system" and, worst of all, "You can't use your hands in soccer."
Next time you're contemplating sending a "Yo" to a person in the hopes of a positive response, take a step back and consider what yo doing.
Many fine poets never get paid, but I am a poet who occasionally does get paid, thanks to Amazon. That alone is not a good reason to take the side of Amazon in the current publishing conflict.


text:
MENOMONIE, Wis. -- After police seized steroids from the
homes of two of his linebackers, University of Wisconsin-Stout
football coach Todd Strop fired off an e-mail warning his players
to stop using drugs or quit.
"I am scared to know how deep the drug use is on this team, but
we will, with your help, get it cleaned up," he wrote in the Dec.
21 e-mail obtained by The Associated Press in an open records
request. "For those of you who are clean, I apologize for not
knowing and we are proud of you."
Division III coaches at schools such as Wisconsin-Stout soon
should be better able to understand the extent of drug use among
their players.
Wisconsin-Stout and up to 115 other schools will participate in
an NCAA pilot program starting next school year that will subject
some of their athletes to random drug testing and require them to
educate players on the effects of drug use.
The two-year program, expected to cost the NCAA $1.2 million,
aims to determine how many Division III players use common street
drugs and performance-enhancing substances. The findings will help
decide whether the NCAA should implement a year-round testing
program similar to those in Divisions I and II.
"The sense among our student athletes and our leadership is we
need to get a better handle on the extent to which a problem might
exist," said Dan Dutcher, NCAA vice president for Division III.
"This will be our first venture into any kind of NCAA
regular-season testing."
He said the goal is to improve the health of student athletes
and ensure fair competition amid concerns about the use of
performance-enhancing drugs at all levels of sports.
Division III athletes use social drugs such as alcohol,
marijuana and cocaine more than their upper-division counterparts,
according to an NCAA survey released in 2006. The survey found
comparable levels of anabolic steroid use across all divisions.
The issue hit home in Menomonie, a city of 15,000 in western
Wisconsin, in December when police seized liquid steroids and other
drugs from the homes of Wisconsin-Stout football players Luke
Steffen, a senior all-conference linebacker who led the team in
tackles, and junior linebacker Nicholas OrRico.
The discovery came after police searched their homes one block
from each other near the campus recreation center. A former player
who left the team in 2005 also was arrested. All three face
multiple drug charges and have pleaded not guilty.
Neither Steffen, OrRico, nor their attorneys returned phone
The news shocked the university of 8,400 students and Strop
resigned after three years as coach in January, weeks after sending
the e-mail warning to his team.
Wisconsin Intercollegiate Athletic Conference Commissioner Gary
Karner said Wisconsin-Stout and a handful of its members have asked
to participate in the pilot program, which he said would yield
significant data.
"We have a tendency to think some of the seedier things that go
on in athletics, that we're immune. But those things can occur at
any campus, at any level, at any time," he said. "The
Wisconsin-Stout situation proves we're not immune to those
Even before the arrests, Wisconsin-Stout agreed to participate
in the NCAA program. But the university said this month it would go
further, implementing random drug testing for all athletes and
requiring the entire football team to submit to testing this
University spokesman Doug Mell said the policies will be among
the toughest in Division III, whose institutions cannot award
sports scholarships.
Ryan Ament, a Wisconsin-Stout running back who also competes in
shot put for its track and field team, said he has no problems
submitting to drug tests.
"I think it's a very smart move to set the standard to let
everybody know this is a serious matter," said Ament, who was
stunned by the arrests of his teammates. "We are Division III. I
think it's getting a little out of hand if people are resorting to
drugs at this level."
Many small schools have resisted such tests, in part because
they lack the money to pay for them, don't think drug problems
exist or believe they unfairly target student athletes.
Only 13 percent of Division III schools had drug-testing
policies in place in 2005, according to the latest NCAA survey. And
until now, the NCAA has done random drug testing only for
championship competitions.
In the pilot program, up to 20 athletes at each school picked
randomly by the NCAA will be required to give urine samples on
short notice. The results will be given to schools in aggregate
form, but individual violators will not be identified or face
sanctions since it is only a research project.
The tests will be administered by the National Center for Drug
Free Sport, the Kansas City group that tests for
performance-enhancing substances in Divisions I and II. The pilot
will go beyond those programs and test for other illegal drugs such
as marijuana.
Frank Uryasz, the group's president, said calls for the testing
came from athletes concerned about maintaining fair competition.
Many small schools resist testing until athletes get in trouble, he
said, but data indicate drug problems exist.
"What I usually hear from Division III is they believe strongly
athletes should be treated the same as the rest of the student body
and to single them out for testing is inconsistent with that
philosophy," he said. "But I point to the NCAA drug-use study. If
we can bring some of those drug-use numbers down by using drug
testing, it ought to be considered."
Mary Wilfert, NCAA associate director of education outreach,
emphasized a key part of the pilot program will be the educational
efforts, including videos on the NCAA's banned substances and
information on problems of substance abuse. She said the goal is to
create an environment where drug use is not tolerated.
"We think it's going to have an impact across the board on all
drug use," Wilfert said.


text:
No time for experimenting - Flower
Andy Flower has no intention of sending out an experimental England side in the forthcoming one-day series against Bangladesh.
Flower has a number of international rookies in his ranks on this tour, including explosive wicketkeeper-batsman Craig Kieswetter, Yorkshire all-rounder Ajmal Shahzad and Kent spinner James Tredwell.
All three have played in both of England's warm-up matches against a Bangladesh Cricket Board XI this week, and each has staked a claim for further inspection.
Kieswetter announced himself with a muscular 143 on Tuesday - his first knock in senior England colours - while both Shahzad and Tredwell did well in today's eight-wicket win in Fatullah.
Alastair Cook, restored to the side as captain after a spell in the limited-overs wilderness, has also impressed with back-to-back half-centuries, both at better than a run a ball.
That means when Sunday's first ODI starts Flower could send out a team much-changed from the one which triumphed in the last series against South Africa.
But if that is the case, the Zimbabwean coach insists it is not out of disrespect for the lowly-ranked Tigers. Indeed, with the World Cup in this part of the world next year, Flower sees the series as a vital chance to give his best side experience of the conditions.
"I don't think this is a tour for just giving players a go," he said. "It's a competitive tour between two international sides. We respect Bangladesh and that is how we'll be playing it.
"With the World Cup being held on the sub-continent in 2011 it is important our guys get experience on these kind of decks.
"There is a certain type of game that you play here in the one-day format so for everyone here it is an important workout before the World Cup.
"I think, as always, it's a balance. We're looking for balance. We haven't looked at the pitch for Sunday yet, so we'll assess conditions before we make a decision on the balance between spin and seam."
The wicketkeeping position is one that is likely to cause Flower more problems than he may have envisaged when he announced the squad.
So confident was he in Matt Prior's status as first-choice that no cover was selected for the one-day leg.
Since then Kieswetter has barged his way into contention and was handed the gloves today for the first time. But Prior immediately reminded Flower why he is in the England side, crashing nine fours in his 64 not out.
"There are selection issues, yes," Flower admitted. "We have a couple of those but that is a healthy place to be.
"Craig Kieswetter has got a very good chance. He's in very good form, he scored runs every time he went to wicket for the Lions in Dubai and he came here and got 143, so he's got a very good chance.
"We've got our ideas about what we want to do but I can't tell you now exactly what our position is. You'll see on Sunday morning.
"Matt Prior you saw bat very nicely today and Kieswetter obviously did on Tuesday. They've both had a go with the gloves and are both good, efficient keepers. It's a good position to be in."
Flower's policy means Stuart Broad and Paul Collingwood are both likely to be restored to the starting XI when the series gets under way.
Vice-captain Collingwood missed today's comfortable win after hitting a rapid hundred in the first warm-up match, while Broad was excused from action on both occasions.
Flower confirmed there were no specific concerns over either player.
"Colly's 33 years old and he's put his body thorough a lot," said Flower. "We have to look at these opportunities to rest him.
"Stuart is quite comfortable with where he is as a bowler. We just need to look after him and manage his physical workload."
The new Brit Insurance 2010-11 official England Cricket Team kit will be available to pre order from April 1 via ecb.co.uk, and in store from April 29


text:
Hiya everyone.
I hope this is simple, and my "noob" ness is the reason for my troubles.
When I activate Role Scoper every works just great, however, it automatically adds a couple random pages to my wordpress navigation menu. Is there a way to prevent this from happening?
I go into appearance->Menu and verify only the pages I have added are there, but it still adds 2-3 random pages to the menu when activated.
Any fixes?


text:
In Reply: Interactions between the academic
and industrial research enterprise in medicine are not just recent phenomena
but have existed since the early 20th century. In recent years, however, the
diversity and number of these connections have increased, raising fundamental
questions about the role of both partners in the innovation process. According
to Mr Ehrle, the current interface will lead to a "metastatic ethical meltdown."
We believe that Ehrle's view ignores the main thrust of our argument. First,
the risks of university-industry interactions are indeed important and require
ongoing monitoring and debate. However, this debate needs to be informed by
insight into the current division of labor between organizational partners.
The traditional and familiar answer—academic faculty generate fundamental
knowledge that industry in turn develops and markets—is simplistic and
ignores the extensive flow of knowledge and technology that occurs in both
directions throughout each stage of the innovation process. Second, and related
to this, university-industry interactions have important public health and
economic benefits. It is therefore important that society, and medical school
and hospital leadership in particular, consider how they can maximize the
upsides of collaboration while minimizing the downsides. "Balancing risks
against benefits" is part of this process, not a contradictory position. A
nuanced debate on these issues, rather than absolutist stances, can help shape
the university-industry interface in years to come to optimize medical progress
and benefit the public.
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text: Your friend balances a package with mass m = 10 kg on top of his head while standing. The mass of his upper body is M= 55 kg (about 65% of his total mass). Because the spine is vertical rather than horizontal, the force exerted by the sacrum on the spine ( in Fig 8.32) is directed approximately straight up and the force exerted by the back muscles is negligibly small Find the magnitude of .


text:
The conditions at the Thruxton circuit were not ideal, with torrential rain, and wind battering the riders as they went around the track.
But most seemed unfazed by the weather - in particular Lowes and Rapid Solicitors Kawasaki's Keith Farmer who clocked the second fastest time of 1'22.311.
Czech Republic rider Jakub Smrz completed over 20 laps during the 45-minute session, setting a time of 1'22.632 on his Padgett's Honda.
Tyco Suzuki's Josh Brookes was consistent throughout and was never really outside the top five, followed closely by Rapid Solicitors Kawasaki rider and current BSB champion Shane Byrne.
Buildbase BMW rider James Westmoreland eventually made it out and put in some solid times to ensure he remained in the top 10 throughout the first practice session. But he was not joined out on track by his team-mate Jon Kirkham.
Milwaukee Yamaha pair James Ellison and Josh Waters both braved the rain, and both set times that placed them safely inside the top 10. Veteran Bathams Honda rider Michael Rutter completed 14 laps and rounded off the top 10.
Lowes team-mate Ryuichi Kiyonari competed more laps than any other rider but failed to make an impact in first practice and ended the session 11th fastest overall.
Read the original article on bikesportnews.com
- Sports & Recreation


text:
Disney Profit Falls Sharply But Clouds Are Parting
Walt Disney Co. DIS -0.33 % 's quarterly profit dropped 46%, dragged down by recession-hobbled theme parks, a dismal performance from its movie studio and write-downs.
Even so, Disney President and Chief Executive Robert Iger said the company was seeing signs that the economic situation has begun to stabilize. Coming from Disney, that sentiment is significant, given that the company operates in a wide array of sectors, from home entertainment to tourism.
Advertising, travel and tourism appear to be stabilizing, Mr. Iger said, although he cautioned that the retail segment, particularly in Europe could be facing more difficult times. The executive added that "it is too early to make predictions about the timing and pace of the recovery."
In one bright spot in the quarter, operating income at its cable division -- which includes ESPN and the Disney Channel -- was up 5% from a year earlier.
Thanks to heavy discounting and promotions, overall attendance at Disney's domestic theme parks was virtually even with last year. Guest spending fell, and discounts and promotions eroded profit margins.
At Walt Disney World in Orlando, Fla., an ongoing promotion helped increase hotel occupancy to 89%, up slightly from a year ago, though per-room spending fell 17%. In contrast, at Disneyland in Anaheim, Calif., where no similar promotion was being offered, hotel occupancy was only 69% for the quarter, down from 83% a year earlier.
Operating income for the company's parks and resorts division fell 50% to $171 million, compared with $339 million a year ago. Roughly $50 million of the company's $102 million in restructuring charges for the quarter were related to the theme parks.
The Burbank, Calif., entertainment conglomerate looked to cut costs company-wide during its fiscal second quarter, which ended March 28.
Its theme-park division shed about 1,900 jobs through a combination of layoffs and buyouts, and restructured many of its behind-the-scenes operations.
Mr. Iger singled out the poor performance of the company's movie studio as one of its biggest problems. The movie studio's operating income sank 97% to $13 million and sales were off by 21% from a year earlier.
Theatrical releases "Bedtime Stories," "Confessions of a Shopaholic" and "Race to Witch Mountain," underperformed at the box office in the quarter, but they faced tough comparisons with hit movies a year earlier.
DVD sales were also off for the Disney titles that were released during the quarter.
Chief Financial Officer Tom Staggs said the company expects more weakness from the studio in the current quarter, as its coming movies will also face tough comparisons with last year.
Things remained difficult at the broadcast networks, with local advertising declines pulling down revenue and higher production costs hurting operating income.
The local-TV advertising market remained especially tough and the ABC network saw higher programming costs than a year ago, partly because last year's screenwriters' strike had virtually shut down television production during the year-ago quarter.
The cable networks, including stalwart sports programmer ESPN, provided some relief. Revenues were up 4% to $2.2 billion and operating income grew 5% to $1.14 billion.
In a conference call with analysts, Mr. Iger discussed the company's recently announced equity investment in online video site Hulu.com, which was a joint venture between General Electric Co. GE -1.31 % 's NBC Universal and News Corp.
He said he thinks Disney's participation in Hulu could help drive visitors back to other Disney-owned sites, including ABC.com and ESPN.com.
When Disney climbed aboard the venture late last month, it signaled the company's willingness to distribute some of its television content online free to consumers alongside its competitors.
For the quarter, Disney reported a profit of $613 million, down from $1.13 billion a year earlier. Revenue fell 7% to $8.07 billion compared with $8.71 billion a year earlier.
Disney reported noncash impairment charges of $108 million related to FCC radio licenses and $46 million related to an investment in an Indian media company.
Write to Peter Sanders at firstname.lastname@example.com


text:
2 Reviews
Very good. I loved the reduction, but I think I'd prefer the tomatoes not broiled.
Really nice summer salad. I love the regular variety of this salad so was interested in trying a new version. The reduction was wonderful and the broiled tomatoes added an interesting twist. This could be a great way to use up those tomatoes that are just past their prime.


text:
IF TIME IS FLEETING, Kimmo Timonen does not seem concerned.
In fact, that is all Timonen asked general manager Paul Holmgren for in his exit interview yesterday. Not a new contract. Not a position in the front office. Just a few weeks to collect his thoughts.
"Let's put it this way: If I won the Stanley Cup earlier, I probably wouldn't be here and talking to you guys. I would say, 'OK, that's it,' " Timonen said. "But I haven't won it. That's the only thing that keeps the hopes up. It's not money. It's not anything else. It's the Stanley Cup."


text:
Hello -
I am running version 1.9.6 of NGG with WP 3.4.2. I am looking at my WP_OPTIONS table in MYSQL and see a huge amount of names and websites inside the "option_value" field in WP_OPTIONS. This entry is actually quite large.
This is all showing up in a row with option_name = '_transient_ngg_request_b3ba86fd0f2ae10ebb35517da90952a7'.
Matter of fact, there is a link to a place called haveagraceday.org which has been listed in Google's list of malware sites among all the names and URL's listed in that record in the WP_OPTIONS table.
OK - I have this entry in my WordPress database and would like to ask a few questions:
1. What exactly is this entry in WP_OPTIONS for?
2. How come there are so many links with so many names in my database? What is the purpose of listing all this stuff? Given there is a link there that is associated with a malware site, I am concerned.
3. Last but most important: is this entry in WP_OPTIONS necessary for the plugin to work properly?
If this is not an NGG related record that is fine, please just let me know. But given the key to the row has "transient_ngg_request", I thought this would be the appropriate place to ask.
Sure look forward to a prompt reply regarding these questions -
thank you!


text:
Top Definition
when a man places his thumb in his rectum, while he simultaneously shoves his pinky finger in his urethra.
That nigga Josh goes to gay bars and pays men to strolock him.
door Berwin Drive 3 september 2008
Trending Now
De e-mails zijn afkomstig van email@example.com. We sturen nooit spam.×


text:
Autism Blogs
Blogs are a source for information, support, humor and help. These blogs are written by people with Autism and Asperger Syndrome, by parents of children with Autism and Asperger Syndrome, by ordinary people, by professional people, by children and, if my cat could handle the computer keys, I'm sure that I would be able to include an Autism blog written by my cat. Just click on one and start reading and I can guarantee that you'll find something helpful, interesting, funny or something that you can relate to.
Browse Autism blogs, journals and diaries about living with autism, autism resources, tips, information, and much more.
© Bobbie Jean Peachey
Adventures in Asperger's
Lots of posts and pictures, a very good combination.
Autism News Beat
An evidence-based resource for journalists.
Butterfly Moments 2013
The author writes about finding humor and happiness in their family's adventure with autism.
Everyday Adventures
Three little boys on the spectrum. Their story, gallery, IEP's, and resources.
Mom Trep Autism
Written by an entrepreneur raising a child with Autism. When she's not working on her companies, she is refashioning, crafting and creating a better home environment that is Chemical Free for her daughter who she calls Doodle.
Moms of Special Needs Children
Autism the final frontier . . . Explore the strange new world of autism, seek out help and services, and boldly go where no man has gone before.
Raising Rebel Souls
A mom writing about life with her two boys who are on the autism spectrum.
Reports From a Resident Alien
Very easy reading, interesting and informative aspie blogger.
Same Child, Different Day
About one family's continuing experiences after a child's autism diagnosis.
The Autistic Me
"At birth, doctors suggested I would be mentally disabled, in addition to the physical injuries I suffered. High-functioning autism is just another way to describe a few aspects of me. The autistic me is the creative me, the curious me, the complete me."
The First Autistic Child
In 1943 Donald Gary Triplett was the first child ever diagnosed with autism. Read the Atlantic 2010 article written by John Donovan and Caren Zucker.
We Go With Him
Photos and daily life with an autistic son.
Related Topics:
Autism Books
Autism Movies
Autism Laughs
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Find clip art of animals, buildings, cactus, cats, children, Christmas, computers, cookies, dogs, fall, famous skylines, food and beverages, graduation, grapes, Hanukkah, hats, holidays, homes, hummingbirds, industrial complexes, Kwanzaa, mice, military helicopters, military personnel, military vehicles, Oktoberfest, penguins, people, pet responsibility, pride graphics, Red Hat Society clip art, school, summer, sunflowers, Thanksgiving, trains, vegetables, wine, and much, much more.
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The complete list of clip art on the combined sites of two cousins (Clipart Mountain and ABKL Designs) that includes all the clip art: animals, people, houses and buildings, cactus, computers, cultural clip art, food graphics, hobby images, dance, military, music, religious clip art, sports images, holiday clip art, medical clip art links, photos, education, school, books, doctors, trains, seasons, nurses, garden, flowers, fantasy, awards, pride ribbons and everything else you might want in clip art.
© 1995 - 2016 Clipart Mountain
Bobbie Jean Peachey


text:
The AMA is collaborating to accelerate change in medical education by creating a system that trains physicians to meet the needs of today's patients and to anticipate future changes.
Accelerating change in medical education with visionary partners and bold innovations
The initiative has funded major innovations at medical schools and brought these schools together into a consortium that shares best practices and lessons learned. The consortium is disseminating the proven transformation strategies emerging from these leading medical schools across the medical education environment.
Working together to reimagine medical education
We're turning ideas into action through a consortium of schools that are innovating new projects to make medical education meet the needs of the 21st century.
Susan E. Skochelak, MD, MPH Group vice president,
Medical Education, AMA
Our innovations: Transforming medical education
The Accelerating Change in Medical Education Consortium schools are working synergistically to develop common solutions to transform medical education in key areas.
In the media
VISTA: The Future of Hospital Medicine is in healthcare delivery sciences / The Hospital Leader (May 31, 2016)
Innovation in health education: Designing the medical school of tomorrow / Grady Newsource (May 13, 2016)
Giving New Doctors the Tools They Need / The New York Times (May 12, 2016)
Building a Larger Perspective / Repertoire (May 2016)
Medical Schools Transform Teaching Methods to Strengthen, Sharpen Health Care Workforce / CHCF Blog (April 27, 2016)
What Innovation Looks Like at Dell Medical School / American-Statesman (April 1, 2016)
EMR Teaching Moments / Repertoire (April 2016)
"Sooner. Faster. Better." OHSU Changes its Medical School Curriculum / The Oregonian (March 19, 2016)
Creating the medical school of the future
This report captures the exciting and challenging journey to reimagine physician education from the ground up. Learn more about the consortium schools, the initial phases of their work and the extensive collaborative effort involved.
Sign up for the AMA MedEd Update, an electronic newsletter that focuses on news and information related to medical schools, graduate medical education, continuing medical education and more.SIGN UP
Contact us for additional information on the initiative and future programs.CONTACT US


text:
Hero Cycles
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
|This article needs additional citations for verification. (February 2015) (Learn how and when to remove this template message)
Not to be confused with Hero Group.
|Private company
|Ludhiana, Punjab, India
Key people
|Om Prakash Munjal
|₹1,650 crore (US$250 million) 2010-2011[1]
|Hero Motocorp, Erik Buell Racing (49.2%, a subsidiary of Hero Motocorp)
|Cycle of Life
Hero Cycles Limited, based in Ludhiana Punjab, India is a manufacturer of bicycles and bicycle related products.[2]
Hero group was established by the four Munjal brothers, namely, Om Prakash Munjal, Satyanand Munjal, Late Brijmohan Lall Munjal and Late Dayanand Munjal.
- The brothers hailed from a small town called Kamalia, now in Pakistan.
- The brothers established a business of bicycle spare parts in the year 1944 in Amritsar.
- After partition and independence of India, the brothers moved to Ludhiana and started a bicycle unit called Hero Cycles in 1956.
- By 1975, Hero became the largest manufacturer of bicycles in India with a production of 7500 cycles per day.
- In 1984, Hero group joined Honda Motors of Japan to create Hero Honda Motors Limited which soon became one of the market leader in motor-cycle sales in India.
- In 1986, Hero Cycles produces over 18,500 cycles a day, the highest in global reckoning. With the 48% share of the Indian market, this volume has catapulted Hero in the Guinness Book of World Records as the largest bicycle manufacturer in the world.
- By 2004, Hero Honda became the world's largest manufacturer of two-wheelers with over 48% market share in India.
- In August 2011, Hero and Honda parted company, thus forming Hero MotoCorp and Honda moving out of the Hero Honda joint venture.
- In 2012, Hero crossed the figure of 13 Crore Cycles.
See also[edit]
- ^ "Hero Cycles to get into premium segment; to export to US, UK - Economic Times". Articles.economictimes.indiatimes.com. 7 August 2011. Retrieved 10 August 2011.
- ^ "Hero Cycles Ltd". Herocycles.com. Retrieved 10 August 2011.
External links[edit]
|This article about an Indian company is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it.


text:
MINNEAPOLIS -- The Minnesota Vikings are no longer perfect.
Kerry Collins passed for 375 yards and two touchdowns Sunday to lead the New York Giants to a 29-17 victory over the Vikings, the NFC's last unbeaten team.
Tiki Barber had a touchdown and 122 total yards for New York (3-4), which ended a three-game losing streak and has never dropped four in a row in coach Jim Fassel's seven seasons. The Giants were 3-4 last year before winning seven of their final nine to earn a wild-card spot.
Randy Moss had 125 yards receiving for Minnesota (6-1), but Daunte Culpepper threw his first two interceptions of the year -- and the first one was costly.
Barber's 2-yard TD run gave New York a 22-17 lead with 5:29 remaining, and Culpepper was picked off by Frank Walker on the next play from scrimmage. Walker returned it 18 yards to the Vikings 17, and Ike Hilliard got his second touchdown reception three plays later to put the game out of reach.
Hilliard had nine catches for 100 yards, Amani Toomer three for 96 and Jeremy Shockey three for 81.
Panthers 23, Saints 20, OT
NEW ORLEANS -- Stephen Davis' 33-yard run in overtime set up John Kasay's 31-yard field goal as Carolina shook off its only loss of the season with a comeback victory.
The Panthers (6-1) rallied in the closing minutes when Davis scored on a 1-yard dive that put Carolina up 20-17 with 3:45 left. But the Saints (3-5) come back to force overtime when John Carney made a 42-yard field goal with 36 seconds to go.
New Orleans won the coin toss in overtime and drove to the Carolina 37 before Deuce McAllister fumbled on fourth-and-1. Davis rushed for 178 yards and two touchdowns on 31 carries.
Bengals 27, Seahawks 24
CINCINNATI -- Jon Kitna threw a 53-yard pass to Chad Johnson for the go-ahead touchdown as the Bengals (3-4) won back-to-back games for the first time in two years.
Bengals running back Corey Dillon got into a traffic accident on his way to the stadium and was inactive for the game, even though he wasn't injured. Instead, third-year back Rudi Johnson ran for 101 yards and a touchdown.
Matt Hasselbeck was 26-of-43 for 347 yards, but the Seahawks (5-2) self-destructed with three interceptions, one fumble and a blocked 49-yard field goal attempt by Josh Brown that set up the Bengals' go-ahead touchdown.
Rams 33, Steelers 21
PITTSBURGH -- Marc Bulger passed for 375 yards and a touchdown in his Pittsburgh homecoming, and third-string running back Arlen Harris ran for three touchdowns in his first NFL start as the Rams (5-2) won their fourth in a row.
The Steelers (2-5) wasted two big plays by Antwaan Randle El, including an 84-yard punt return touchdown, to drop their fourth straight. They are off to their worst start since they were 1-6 in 1988.
Bears 24, Lions 16
CHICAGO -- Charles Tillman set up one score with an interception, Justin Gage had a TD catch and an assist in another score, and Brock Forsey ran for a touchdown to guide the Bears (2-5). Detroit has lost 20 straight on the road.
Jerry Azumah also returned the opening kickoff of the second half for a score, and Paul Edinger kicked a 37-yard field goal.
Joey Harrington took the Lions (1-6) to a score with 53 seconds to play, and Detroit appeared to recover the onside kick. But after a review, officials ruled Lions receiver Bill Schroeder touched the ball early and gave Chicago possession.
Ravens 26, Broncos 6
BALTIMORE -- Ray Lewis rambled 37 yards with a key interception in the fourth quarter, and Jamal Lewis topped 100 yards rushing for a sixth straight game. Matt Stover kicked four field goals for Baltimore (4-3), which maintained its hold on first place in the AFC North.
Danny Kanell, starting for the first time since 2000, went 16-for-31 for 114 yards and two interceptions for Denver (5-3). He was playing because Denver's two other starting quarterbacks, Jake Plummer and Steve Beuerlein, are injured.
Patriots 9, Browns 3
FOXBORO, Mass. -- Adam Vinatieri kicked three field goals as the Patriots won their fourth straight game.
Cleveland (3-5) replaced Tim Couch with Kelly Holcomb after Couch went out with a strained right thumb. Both struggled: Couch went 7-for-11 for 40 yards, while Holcomb was 15-for-25 for 115 yards. Kevin Faulk rushed for a career-high 96 yards on 23 carries for the Patriots (6-2), while tight end Daniel Graham also had career highs of seven catches for 110 yards.
Eagles 24, Jets 17
PHILADELPHIA -- Donovan McNabb completed 17 of 23 passes for 141 yards and one touchdown, and Correll Buckhalter ran for 100 yards and two TDs.
Chad Pennington, playing for the first time since breaking his left wrist Aug. 23 in a preseason game against the New York Giants, went into the game in the second quarter and finished 14-of-23 for 154 yards with one costly interception for the Jets (2-5).
His desperation pass from Philadelphia's 42 fell incomplete as the Eagles (4-3) won for the fourth time in five games.
Cardinals 16, 49ers 13, OT
TEMPE, Ariz. -- Tim Duncan, kicking in place of injured Bill Gramatica, made a 39-yard field goal with 10:01 left in overtime to give the Cardinals their first win over the 49ers in 10 years.
Duncan missed three of five attempts in regulation, including a 50-yarder as the fourth quarter ended.
San Francisco's Owen Pochman, who nearly lost his job after missing three field goals last week against Tampa Bay, missed two more Sunday, including a go-ahead attempt from 35 yards with 2:25 left in regulation. His out-of-bounds kickoff to start overtime set up the winning drive.
Colts 30, Texans 21
INDIANAPOLIS -- Peyton Manning completed 22 of 30 passes for 269 yards and three touchdowns to help the Colts win following their bye for the third time in four years. Houston (2-5) lost its third straight and dropped to 0-3 all-time against the Colts (6-1). The Texans were hindered by the absence of starting quarterback David Carr, who sprained his right ankle and did not play in the second half, replaced by Tony Banks.
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text:
The Washington Post
Gandhi & Churchill: The Epic Rivalry that Destroyed an Empire and Forged Our Ageby Arthur Herman
View All Available Formats & Editions
They were born worlds apart: Winston Churchill to Britain's most glamorous/b>
In this fascinating and meticulously researched book, bestselling historian Arthur Herman sheds new light on two of the most universally recognizable icons of the twentieth century, and reveals how their forty-year rivalry sealed the fate of India and the British Empire.
They were born worlds apart: Winston Churchill to Britain's most glamorous aristocratic family, Mohandas Gandhi to a pious middle-class household in a provincial town in India. Yet Arthur Herman reveals how their lives and careers became intertwined as the twentieth century unfolded. Both men would go on to lead their nations through harrowing trials and two world wars—and become locked in a fierce contest of wills that would decide the fate of countries, continents, and ultimately an empire.
Gandhi & Churchill reveals how both men were more alike than different, and yet became bitter enemies over the future of India, a land of 250 million people with 147 languages and dialects and 15 distinct religions—the jewel in the crown of Britain's overseas empire for 200 years.
Over the course of a long career, Churchill would do whatever was necessary to ensure that India remain British—including a fateful redrawing of the entire map of the Middle East and even risking his alliance with the United States during World War Two.
Mohandas Gandhi, by contrast, would dedicate his life to India's liberation, defy death and imprisonment, and create an entirely new kind of political movement: satyagraha, or civil disobedience. His campaigns of nonviolence in defiance of Churchill and the British, including his famous Salt March, would become the blueprint not only for the independence of India but for the civil rights movement in the U.S. and struggles for freedom across the world.
Now master storyteller Arthur Herman cuts through the legends and myths about these two powerful, charismatic figures and reveals their flaws as well as their strengths. The result is a sweeping epic of empire and insurrection, war and political intrigue, with a fascinating supporting cast, including General Kitchener, Rabindranath Tagore, Franklin Roosevelt, Lord Mountbatten, and Mohammed Ali Jinnah, the founder of Pakistan. It is also a brilliant narrative parable of two men whose great successes were always haunted by personal failure, and whose final moments of triumph were overshadowed by the loss of what they held most dear.
From the Hardcover edition.
Editorial Reviews
The Washington Post
Historian Herman (How the Scots Invented the Modern World) paints a forceful portrait of the emergence of the postcolonial era in the fateful contrast-and surprising affinities-between two historic figures on opposite sides of the struggle for Indian independence. Churchill and Gandhi, both elites in their respective milieus, began their careers with remarkably similar perspectives and trod intersecting paths across India, South Africa and England. They shared an obsession with physical courage (albeit channeled in different ways) that tied conceptions of masculinity to larger ideas of racial identity and moral superiority-and India loomed large in their triumphal careers, ultimately frustrating both men's idealism. While Herman's dual biography artfully depicts the personalities of the two men, he gives short shrift to the more complex forces of British imperial decline, Indian nationalism and the emergence of the postwar order (for example, Herman helpfully but also too neatly explains the dogged centrality of India and the British raj in Churchill's worldview as an act of filial loyalty to his beloved father) But the author also takes careful account of the constellation of modern and antimodern currents of late Victorian thought in situating these vastly influential figures in a fascinating narrative of their times. (May)Copyright © Reed Business Information, a division of Reed Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
The complex task of drawing comparison and contrast between two of the most chronicled lives of the 20th century is easily and compellingly handled by Herman (How the Scots Invented the Modern World). Spanning the globe and dozens of decades, Herman never sinks into the clichés of these two men's biographies but rather deconstructs some of the cherished myths surrounding them while maintaining a warm and lively tone. From India to South Africa to London, they seemed to cross paths in life yet could never reach a true understanding of each other. Churchill, the ardent defender of the British Empire, had trouble accepting modern political realities and fixated upon Gandhi as the ultimate threat to his beloved England's legacy. Gandhi, in turn, achieved global superstar status but could not unite Indian politics and eventually became a hindrance, then an irrelevance, to Indian independence. These two men may have been presented historically as enemies, or at least proxy enemies, but Herman brings out the true issues that divided them yet made them remarkably similar holdovers of the Victorian era. Highly recommended for public and academic libraries. [See Prepub Alert, LJ1/08.]
Elizabeth Morris
"A fast-paced narrative history…Herman brings to life the twilight of the British Empire and reminds us how the twists and turns of fate helped propel these two men to their places in history. He shows us that there was more common ground between the two than most realize and that the seemingly simple tale of the imperialist and the nationalist is far more nuanced than it seems." — Pramit Pal Chaudhuri, The Hindustan Times, Bernard Schwartz Fellow, Asia Society
"Cutting through decades of narrow or shallow reporting, Arthur Herman offers a balanced and elegant account which captures both Churchill's generosity of spirit and Gandhi's greatness of soul. While recognizing their faults, he shows what motivated them and made them great—with impressive research that in Churchill's words leaves "no stone unturned, no cutlet uncooked." The last two chapters, and the author's Conclusion, are alone worth the price of what must become the standard work on the subject."—Richard M. Langworth, Editor, Finest Hour
"The rivalry between Winston Churchill and Mohandas Gandhi could hardly have been played for higher stakes. The future of British India hung upon the outcome of their 20-year struggle…. As one might expect from the author of To Rule the Waves, a fine history … Mr. Herman has researched Gandhi & Churchill meticulously and written it fluently."—Wall Street Journal
"An amazingly interesting and perceptive presentation of these two titans of the 20th century…. I learned so much."—Deirdre Donahue, USA Today's book reviewer, on the NPR program "On Point"
"A forceful portrait of the emergence of the postcolonial era in the fateful contrast—and surprising affinities—between two historic figures.... Fascinating."—Publishers Weekly
"Herman's book focuses on two imposing figures who epitomized the clash …. he has probed beneath the stereotypes… [and] tells their stories stylishly and eloquently."—Washington Post Book World
"The perfect summer book...You finish Gandhi & Churchill knowing that you can evaluate the world today, particularly modern India, with more knowledge and insight—USA Today
"Herman's storytelling style is engaging, giving new life to stories we have already heard and even forgotten…. Then there are the surprises…. Provocative, intriguing, even controversial."—India Today
"Scruplous, compelling, and unfailingly instructive…. A detailed and richly filigreed account that introduces the Anglo-American reader to many facts and vivid if little-known personalities, both English and Indian." –Commentary
" Brisk narrative flow.... Showing history eluding Gandhi and Churchill, Herman provocatively presents their efforts to shape it."—Booklist
"Exhaustively detailed."—St. Louis Post-Dispatch
From the Hardcover edition.
Product Details
- 9780553905045
- Publisher:
- Random House Publishing Group
- Publication date:
- 04/29/2008
- Sold by:
- Random House
- Format:
- NOOK Book
- Pages:
- 736
- Sales rank:
- 246,707
- File size:
Read an Excerpt
Chapter One
The Churchills and the Raj
And Blenheim's Tower shall triumph O'er Whitehall—anonymous pamphleteer, 1705
On November 30, 1874, another baby boy was born on the other side of the world. This one also first saw light in his grandfather's house, but on a far grander scale—indeed, in the biggest private home in Britain.
Surrounded by three thousand acres of "green lawns and shining water, banks of laurel and fern, groves of oak and cedar, fountains and islands," Blenheim Castle boasted 187 rooms.1 It was in a drafty bedroom on the first floor that Jennie Jerome Churchill gave birth to her first child. "Dark eyes and hair" was how her twenty-five-year-old husband, Randolph Churchill, described the boy to Jennie's mother, and "wonderfully very pretty everybody says."2
The child's baptized name would be Winston Leonard Spencer Churchill. If the Gandhis were unknown outside their tiny Indian state, the Churchill name was steeped in history. John Churchill, the first Duke of Marlborough, had been Europe's most acclaimed general and the most powerful man in Britain. His series of victories over France in the first decade of the eighteenth century had made Britain a world-class power. A grateful Queen Anne gave him the royal estate at Woodstock on which to build a palace, which he named after his most famous victory. For Winston Churchill, Blenheim Castle would always symbolize a heritage of glory and a family born to greatness.
Yet the first Duke of Marlborough had been followed by a succession of nonentities. If the power and wealth of England expanded to unimagined heights over the next century, that of the Churchills steadily declined.
The vast fortune that the first duke accumulated in the age of Queen Anne was squandered by his successors. When Randolph's father inherited the title in 1857, the same year the Great Mutiny raged in India, he had been faced, like his father and grandfather before him, by debts of Himalayan proportions and slender means with which to meet them. Randolph's grandfather had already turned Blenheim into a public museum, charging visitors one shilling admission. Randolph's father would have to sell off priceless paintings (including a Raphael and Van Dyck's splendid equestrian portrait of King Charles I, still the largest painting in the National Gallery), the fabulous Marlborough collection of gems, and the eighteen-thousand-volume Sunderland library, in order to make ends meet.3
In the financial squeeze which was beginning to affect nearly all the Victorian aristocracy, the Spencer-Churchills felt the pinch more than most. For Randolph Churchill, the Marlborough legacy was a bankrupt inheritance. In a crucial sense, it was no inheritance at all. His older brother, Lord Blandford, would take over the title, Blenheim, and the remaining estates. What was left for him, and for his heirs, was relatively paltry (although much more than the patrimony of the great majority of Britons), with £4,200 a year and the lease on a house in Mayfair.4
So the new father, twenty-five-year-old Randolph, was going to have to cut his own way into the world, just as his son would. And both would choose the same way: politics.
Randolph was the family rebel, a natural contrarian and malcontent. Beneath his pale bulging eyes, large exquisite mustache, and cool aristocratic hauteur was the soul of a headstrong alpha male. As he told his friend Lord Rosebery, "I like to be the boss."5 Young Lord Randolph was determined to make a name for himself as a member of Parliament. All he needed was an issue.
In 1874 an issue was not easy to find. At the time when Winston Churchill was born, British politics reflected a consensus that the country had not known in nearly a hundred years—and soon would never know again.6 The last big domestic battle had been fought over the Second Reform Bill of 1867, when crowds in London clashed in the streets with police and tore up railings around Hyde Park. Passage of the act opened the door to Britain's first working-class voters. But almost a decade later neither Conservatives nor Liberals were inclined to let it swing open any wider.
Both parties agreed that free trade was the cornerstone of the British economy, still the most productive in the world. Both agreed on the importance of keeping the gold standard. They even agreed that social reform was best left in private and local hands, although Parliament would occasionally give its approval to a round of slum clearances or a comprehensive health act. A twelve-hour day for the average workman, and ten and a half hours for women and young persons older than thirteen, made eminent good sense economically and morally. Giving them a government retirement pension or an unemployment check did not.7
Tories and Liberals also agreed on maintaining an empire that was without rival and on defending it with a navy that was second to none. In 1874 that empire was not only the most extensive but the most cohesive on the planet.8 It emcompassed Britain itself, with England, Wales, Scotland, and Ireland welded together under a single government and crown. Across the Atlantic there were the islands of the West Indies and also Canada, the empire's first self-governing "dominion"—a word that would loom large in the later battles between Churchill and Gandhi.
Then there were the prosperous and stable colonies of white settlers in New Zealand and Australia which, although more than ten thousand miles away, felt a strong bond of loyalty to Britain and the Crown. Britain also directed the fate of two colonies in southern Africa, the Cape Colony and Natal, in addition to Lagos in Nigeria. Hong Kong, Singapore, and some scattered possessions in Asia and the Mediterranean completed the collection.
But the centerpiece of the empire was India, where Britain was the undisputed master of more than a quarter billion people. In 1874 two out of every three British subjects was an Indian. Since the Mutiny both political parties had closed ranks about dealing with India. The power of the British system of governance, or the Raj as it was called after the Mutiny, had become more extensive and more streamlined. The opening of the Suez Canal in 1869 had also made it much easier to reach the ancient subcontinent than in the days before the Mutiny.
Most Britons still knew almost nothing about the subcontinent or its peoples. Nonetheless, the fact that they possessed India, and governed it virtually as a separate empire, gave Britons a halo of superpower status that no other people or nation could match. The attitude was summed up nine years later in Rudyard Kipling's poem "Ave Imperatrix":
And all are bred to do your will
By land and sea—wherever flies
The Flag, to fight and follow still,
And work your Empire's destinies.
In the midst of this triumphant march to the future, the only hint of trouble was Ireland. The question of whether the Catholic Irish would ever enjoy any degree of "home rule" had become a live issue in Irish politics. In 1875 it sent Charles Stewart Parnell to Parliament, but otherwise Irish nationalism hardly registered in Westminster; nor did any other issue.*
There seemed to be no burning questions to divide public opinion, no bitter clash of interests, no looming threats on the horizon for an unknown but ambitious politician to seize on. By 1880 Randolph realized he had only one way to get attention in Parliament: by becoming a nuisance and stirring things up.
The issue Winston's father seized upon was the Bradlaugh case. Charles Bradlaugh was a Liberal and a radical atheist who, when elected to Parliament that year, refused to take the oath of allegiance needed to take his seat in the Commons, because it contained the words "so help me God." The question of whether Bradlaugh should be allowed to take his seat anyway stirred the hearts of many Conservative members, and Randolph's friend Sir Henry Drummond Wolff asked his help against Bradlaugh.
Randolph soon discovered that Bradlaugh made an easy target.9 He was not only a free thinker but a socialist, an advocate of birth control, and even a critic of Empire. Bradlaugh was also a radical republican who denounced the monarchy and aristocrats like Randolph in heated terms.† So when Randolph made his speech on May 24, 1880, condemning Bradlaugh for his atheism, he also read aloud from one of Bradlaugh's pamphlets calling the royal family "small German breast-beating wanderers, whose only merit is their loving hatred of one another." He then hurled the pamphlet on the floor and stamped on it.
The House was ecstatic. "Everyone was full of it," Jennie wrote, who
* It would be registering sooner than most realized. Ironically, Kipling's triumphant poem was composed in 1882, after the exposure of an Irish plot to assassinate Queen Victoria, to reassure the British public. Winston Churchill's earliest childhood memory was of wandering through Dublin's Phoenix Park and seeing the point where the British viceroy had been murdered only a couple of years earlier.
† He would also be one of the first champions of Indian nationalism. When he died in 1891 and was buried in London's Brookwood Cemetery, among the three thousand mourners who attended the funeral would be a young Mohandas Gandhi.
had watched the speech from the gallery, "and rushed up and congratulated me to such an extent that I felt as though I had made it."10 Lord Randolph Churchill's career was launched as a sensational, even outrageous, headline-grabber. Together with Wolff and another friend, Sir Henry Gorst, he formed what came to be known as the Fourth Party,* a junta of Tory mavericks who ripped into their own party leaders any time they sided with the government, to the delight of journalists and newspaper readers.
Suddenly, thanks to Randolph Churchill, politics was fun again. When Bradlaugh was reelected in spite of being denied his seat, Randolph attacked him again, carefully playing it for laughs and for the gallery and the news media; when the voters of Northampton insisted on returning Bradlaugh again, Randolph did the same thing. And then a fourth and a fifth time: at one point Bradlaugh had to be escorted out of the House chamber by police and locked up in the Big Ben tower. Some people began to joke that Randolph must be bribing Northampton voters to keep voting for Bradlaugh, since they were also keeping Randolph in the headlines.11
Lord Randolph had the good sense to realize that while the Bradlaugh case had launched his political rise, he needed more substantial issues to sustain it. He tried Ireland for a while, taking up the cause of Ulster Protestants in the North and lambasting the Irish nationalists of the south. He tested a new catchphrase, "Tory Democracy," urging Conservatives to win votes and allies among Britain's newly enfranchised working class—but the phrase had more headline appeal than substance or thought behind it. He even tried Egypt, furiously denouncing the Liberal government's support of its corrupt ruler. Finally in the summer of 1884, the man an American journalist called "the political sensation of England" turned to India.
Crucial though India was to the empire, few politicians had any expertise in the empire's greatest possession. In November 1884 Churchill planned a major tour of India. His friend Wilfred Blunt, who had already traveled widely there, set up the key introductions. He predicted "a great future for any statesman who will preach Tory Democracy in India."12 Lord Randolph left in December and did not return to London until April 1885, after logging more than 22,800 miles. He then delivered a round of fiery speeches denouncing the Gladstone government's
* After the Liberals, Tories, and Irish Nationalists.
policies there, from neglecting the threat from Russia to failing to gain more native participation in the Raj. The speeches established him as the Conservatives' "front line spokesman on India."13 So when they returned to power in June that year, he was the obvious candidate for secretary of state for India.
In terms of direct influence over people's lives, it was the single most powerful position in the cabinet, even more powerful than prime minister. At age thirty-six, Randolph Churchill would be overseeing an imperial domain that was, as he discovered in his travels and readings, unique in British history—perhaps unique in human history.
How the British built an empire in India, conquering one of the most ancient and powerful civilizations in the world, is an epic of heroism, sacrifice, ruthlessness, and greed. But it is also the story of a growing sense of mission, even destiny: the growing conviction that the British were meant to rule India not only for their own interests but for the sake of the Indians as well. That belief would decisively shape the character not only of the British Empire in India but also of Randolph's son Winston Churchill—the man into whose hands the destiny of the Raj would ultimately fall.
Ironically, that empire's founding fathers, the group of God-fearing merchants living in Shakespeare's London who created the Honorable East India Company, never intended to go to India at all—any more than Queen Elizabeth I did when she gave them a royal charter on the last day of 1600. Their aim was to get to the Spice Islands (the Molucca Islands in today's Indonesia), where Spanish, Portuguese, and Dutch merchants and adventurers were battling over fortunes in nutmeg, cloves, and mace. The East India Company's initial stop at Surat, on India's west coast, was supposed to be only a layover for ventures farther east.
But when the Dutch tortured and murdered ten of their merchants in the island of Amboyne in 1623 and foisted the English out of the Spice Islands, the London-based company had nowhere else to go.14 By 1650, the year John Churchill was born in Devon, the East India Company found itself precariously perched in a tiny settlement near Surat called Fort St. George, doing business at the pleasure of the rulers of India, the Mughal emperors—at the time probably the richest human beings in the world. In 1674 the company acquired a similar outpost at Bombay, which King Charles II had received as a wedding present from the king of Portugal. Then in 1690 it built another, in Bengal at Kalikat, which the English pronounced Calcutta.
From the Hardcover edition.
Meet the Author
Arthur Herman is the bestselling author of How the Scots Invented the Modern World, which has sold over 350,000 copies worldwide, and To Rule the Waves: How the British Navy Shaped the Modern World, which was nominated for the prestigious Mountbatten Prize in 2005. He is a former professor of history at Georgetown University, Catholic University, and the Smithsonian's Campus on the Mall. He and his wife live in central Virginia.
From the Hardcover edition.
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This is a long but well-written volume on two of the most significant figures in the 20th century. It is a balanced narrative that analyzes both Gandhi and Churchill in an even-handed way. If you know something of British history and Churchill's life, yet have inevitable gaps in your knowledge (as I do), this book does very well at tying together a very complex fifty years in the history of India and India as part of the British Empire. Herman makes a good case that both Gandhi and Churchill had ultimate goals that clashed and, ironically, that both had to confront failure: Churchill in having to witness the beginning of the end of the British empire--Gandhi in seeing the birth of an independent India that did not transcend its religious and ethnic divisions.
This book is definitely not for the casual reader but great for history buffs. In this book you get a lot of information including an bio of Gandhi, a bio of Churchill, and tons of information about India's battle for independence, WW2, the formation of Pakistan, and the problems between the Muslims and the Hindus. I learned a lot.
This is a readable history of the lives of Gandhi and Churchill in relation to their efforts on opposite sides of the question of independence for India. It's no hagiography of either one, as it amply documents their many mistakes and missed opportunities to create a better outcome than the chaotic, deadly one that actually occurred. Though it is sympathetic to both men on a human level, you'll come away thinking less of both, I suspect. i found it well worth my time, and it has triggered an ongoing interest in modern India.