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I was perusing the internet recently, and I came across a piece called "Happiness is the New ROI." The article equates happiness to a sense of engagement and being a part of a company that is a great place to work. The problem here is that happiness and engagement are not the same thing.
Unfortunately, both of these terms seem to be popular buzzwords in 2016 and have been for several years now. They have been pirated to promote a variety of nonsensical, pseudo-scientific self-help schemes – usually for the purposes of selling books, consulting services or life coaching. A search for the term "happiness" on Amazon will result in more than 92,000 hits on its list of books, and a search for "work engagement" (to avoid any books about getting married) will result in more than 14,000 hits.
Yet, the two constructs are fundamentally different from a scientific standpoint. Dr. Dan Haybron, a philosopher who has been instrumental in moving the study of happiness forward, would most succinctly define it as "emotional well-being" (for a more sophisticated explanation, you might also check out the Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy).
Engagement, on the other hand, would be best defined as "...a positive, fulfilling, work-related state of mind that is characterized by vigor, dedication, and absorption." It is the persistent experience of a high level of energy and identification with one's work. It drives us to marshal the mental, physical and emotional resources needed toward the fulfilment of some goal (or set of goals).
While work engagement can contribute to one's overall happiness, it is not happiness itself.
Happiness is a much broader conceptualization of well-being, one that is affected by a lot more than just the workplace. In fact, research would also suggest that, at most, engagement is one element that influences happiness (along with others, such as pleasure and meaning). To state the situation more simply, engagement is insufficient by itself to produce happiness, and insufficient research exists to determine even whether engagement is a necessary to create happiness (though few researchers would deny that it is helpful).
In addition, the pursuit of happiness as a goal in and of itself is fraught with challenges. People are fundamentally flawed when it comes to knowing what will make them happy, and sometimes the pursuit of happiness itself can be counterproductive. In some ways, this is probably because people have a sense of when they are happy, but they are not necessarily very good at figuring out why they are happy.
Yet, we seem to live in a buzzword society. Self-help gurus and consulting firms generate an extraordinary number of sales with promises to create happy and engaged workers. They use faulty surveys and gimmicky, scientifically unvalidated tactics (like happiness projects) as their tool kit. Yet, for all their efforts and all the sales of books and consulting services, I have yet to read any headlines indicating that happiness and engagement have skyrocketed.
There is no universal solution for how to be happy, just as there is no universal solution for how to increase engagement among workers.
However, what we can conclude based on research is that happiness is much broader than work engagement and defines a sense of well-being that extends far beyond the workplace. Instead of trying to focus on making workers happy or engaged, organizations should consider focusing on what they can do to make the organization a better place to work, asking questions such as:
- How can we reduce or eliminate structures, practices, and processes that keep people from being productive?
- How can we improve the ability of workers to flexibly respond to the various demands they face, both at work and at home?
- How do we show people they are valued so they will remain with the organization?
- How can we improve the management and leadership that exists throughout the organization?
- How can we identify what is most important to our employees and take steps to address those needs?
I suspect that if organizations ask these questions, rather than focusing on how they can make their workers happy, they will find much greater long-term success. As a goal, increasing the happiness and engagement of workers may be too broad and convoluted (not to mention paternalistic). However, identifying and promoting resources to support productivity, flexibility, retention and other key outcomes is a much more attainable goal.
A recent article by Mark Murphy on the Forbes website cautioned against the use of items on employee surveys that assess employee satisfaction. He argued that satisfaction is synonymous with contentment, and that contentment is antithetical to employees giving 100 percent at work. Rather, he argued that employees must be inspired "to give [their] best effort," which is not achieved when they are simply content (or satisfied) with their job. Unfortunately, his perspective may be only partially accurate.
Previous research would suggest that he is correct about the difference between satisfaction and engagement. Warr and Inceoglu (2012) found that the smaller the difference between the desired and actual features of a job (in terms of a supportive environment, ethical principles, and other factors), the more satisfied they were.
This, of course, comes as a surprise to absolutely no one. However, the more interesting result was that when employees perceived their jobs to lack some of those key features (in other words, features of the job were less than desired), they actually experienced more engagement – likely because they were motivated to pursue those desired job features. In other words, employees were motivated to make their jobs fit better with their preferences.
Overall, the results point toward two phenomena that make perfect sense from a motivational standpoint:
- Workers can be satisfied with their actual levels of specific job features, but when they desire greater levels of those features, they experience more engagement.
- When their job possesses more of those key features than desired, satisfaction suffers.
Engagement is a motivational experience; we experience it when we are pursuing a desired goal or outcome. Satisfaction, on the other hand, suggests that what we have is sufficient; it is a state of contentment.
To use an example, consider the issue of control. Some people are very satisfied with the amount of control they have over their work. Their primary motivation is simply to maintain what they have. However, others may be moderately satisfied with the control they currently possess, but would prefer to have more of it. These employees may, therefore, experience engagement when they have the opportunity to utilize or pursue greater levels of control over their work.
Neither set of employees is necessarily poor-performing. However, engaged workers will be more likely to value and take advantage of new opportunities to develop themselves in their job. So, in some ways, Murphy is right. Being highly satisfied is antithetical to the experience of engagement.
If you want people to strive for more, they should not be overly satisfied with their job as it is now; they have to want something more (i.e., a goal). If employees would change nothing about their current job (everything about the job is exactly how they want it), they may be satisfied, but they are not likely going to be motivated to pursue something more. That motivation comes from some perceived disconnect between how their job is and how they would prefer their job to be.
This is an underlying principle of what researchers would call self-regulation, which is nothing but a fancy way of saying that people have goals (which are outcomes they value), and they are motivated to achieve them. It implies that what we want in the future is somehow different than what we have now, and we are motivated when we see opportunities to close the gap between our present experience and desired future. However, our desire to close this gap can necessitate a variety of behaviors.
And this is where Murphy's argument requires some caveats. While engagement is a motivational experience stemming from a desire to achieve a valued goal (i.e., to give our best effort, as Murphy says), if our best effort fail to produce results (i.e., some level of contentment), then we may cease to give our best efforts. Instead, we may choose to withdraw our efforts, either becoming disengaged or perhaps leaving the organization.
And that creates the conundrum. Sure, you want to avoid a scenario in which workers are fully satisfied with the status quo, unmotivated to change anything. Being too satisfied can be detrimental to motivation. However, if workers see too many discrepancies between what they value and their current condition (in other words, they have too many valued goals they are trying to pursue at any point in time), you could be creating a scenario that is also detrimental to motivation.
Instead, it would seem as though the optimal approach would be to create an environment that promotes a moderate level of satisfaction, but also one that promotes the motivation to push for something more. In that way, you could benefit from both satisfied and engaged workers.
We spent the month of February asking people to tell us why they love their jobs. Here's our final selected submission, sent in by Ansley Gammage, human resources coordinator at the American Accounting Association
"My job is great. I wish everyone enjoyed their company as much as I enjoy my work and coworkers at the American Accounting Association. They truly respect each and every one of us and want us all to feel appreciated. I work hard daily complete work that makes myself, my team, and my boss proud.
"When we accomplish something huge, whether as individuals or as a team, it's discussed and we're praised. We have monthly team interactions, and we have task forces that work together to create lunch and learns and our association newsletter, AAA News and Views.
"The fun doesn't stop there, though! This wonderful place is dog friendly, so they wander around looking for love--and treats, of course. If we are sick, we either take one of our MANY sick days or we can work from home. They want us to be well, and not to spread our germs so they are very persistent that we take the day off if we are under the weather.
"This appreciation for the American Accounting Association has definitely spread, because many applicants would take any position with us just to get their foot in the door. I'm so very grateful to be working here."
Thanks, Ansley, for your submission. Look for a delivery of special treats as our appreciation for helping to spread the love.
What do you love about your job? Tell us in the comments. The month of February is over, but love of a job can last year round. Whether it be making a difference, working with fantastic colleagues, feeling proud of the organization you work for, having great benefits or whatever else -- it's always a good time to spread the love.
William A. (Bill) Gentry, PhD, an expert on leadership and director of applied research consulting services at the Center for Creative Leadership, will deliver the keynote address at APA's 2016 Psychologically Healthy Workplace Awards, which will be presented on Saturday, Feb. 27, in Washington, DC.
In his keynote address, he will talk about the "The Engaging and Engaged Leader" and how leadership development contributes to a healthy workplace.
A senior research scientist at CCL, Dr. Gentry is also an adjunct assistant professor in the psychology department at Guilford College and an associate member of the graduate faculty in the organizational sciences doctoral program at the University of North Carolina, Charlotte.
Dr. Gentry graduated summa cum laude from Emory University in 2000 and received his PhD in industrial-organizational psychology from the University of Georgia in 2005. Before joining CCL, Dr. Gentry was an organizational effectiveness specialist at United Parcel Service.
In applying his research into practice, Dr. Gentry's current focus is on helping new leaders who are managing for the first time in their lives, particularly those on the frontlines in entry- and first-level positions in organizations. His research interests are in multisource (360) research, survey development and analysis, leadership and leadership development across cultures, leader character and integrity, mentoring, managerial derailment, multilevel measurement, and in the area of organizational politics and political skill in the workplace. He also studies nonverbal behavior and its application to effective leadership and communication, particularly in political debates.
More about Dr. Gentry is available on the CCL website.
In 2011, Dr. Gentry was inducted into the inaugural class of the University of Georgia's "40 under 40," as one of the top 40 graduates of the University of Georgia under the age of 40 to have made an impact in business, leadership, community, educational and/or philanthropic endeavors, demonstrating dedication to the University of Georgia and its mission of teaching, research and service; and representing the very best of UGA graduates.
In September 2016, Bill's first book on first-time managers and new leaders will be published by Berrett-Koehler Publishers titled "Be the Boss Everyone Wants to Work For: A Guide for New Leaders."
Dr. Gentry also frequently posts written and video blogs about his research in leadership and first-time managers (usually connecting it with sports, music, and pop culture) on CCL's "Leading Effectively" blog. You can follow him on twitter: @Lead_Better.
It's been two years that Ashley Uhl has worked for an association management company, and her employer doesn't just meet her expectations--it goes beyond. Ashley's submission is our selected pick of the week during our "I Love My Job" campaign in February that highlights the positive aspects of work.
We want to know why you love your job. There is still time to send us your "I love my job" story or submission. We're collecting submissions through the end of February. Our selected submission each week -- like Ashley's -- will receive a sweet treat and care package to share with coworkers.
Here is why Ashley Uhl, senior association manager at Meeting Expectations, loves her job:
"I've been at Meeting Expectations for nearly two years, and I still love coming to work every day. I have fun with my co-workers, and we work hard to deliver the best results for our client.
"The company itself is flexible, giving employees the ability to work from home or flex hours when needed. You can volunteer for new opportunities and to learn new skills with other client teams. And as is the case with people who work hard, we also play hard.
"The entire company (four offices and other remote employees) gathers in Georgia each summer for a fun retreat--where we are NOT allowed to bring our laptops. It takes the focus off of work and deadlines and lets you get to know other people you've never worked with before. And maybe throw someone in the pool."
Thanks, Ashley for your submission. Look for a delivery soon of special treats as our appreciation for helping to spread the love.
What do you love about your job? Making a difference, working with fantastic colleagues, feeling proud of the organization you work for, having great benefits, something else? Let us know. Tell us in writing or send us a photo or video. Help us spread the love and you might even be the next person featured!
Brie Reynolds works for a company that promotes remote and telecommuting jobs, so it's no surprise that her own job is a flexible one. And she loves it. Her submission is our selected pick of the week during our "I Love My Job" campaign in February that highlights the positive aspects of work.
We want to know why you love your job. Send us your "I love my job" story or submission through the end of February. Our selected submission each week -- like Brie's -- will receive a sweet treat and care package to share with coworkers.
Here is why Brie Reynolds, director of online content at Flexjobs.com, loves her job:
"I love my job because I know I'm helping people every day, both directly and indirectly, to find jobs that better fit their lives. We hear from people who need better work-life balance for many reasons (Among the reasons: They're caring for children or elderly parents. Their spouse is in the military. They live in a rural area without a lot of opportunity. Or even finding a better balance between work and life is important to them).
Within the content team, I get to write and produce career and job search advice that helps people become better job seekers, so they can land flexible jobs. I also love my job because I'm using the skills I love (writing, research, advising) every single day.My coworkers are way too much fun to work with. I get to work from home every day with flexible hours. Not having to worry about a daily commute means less stress and more time to spend with my family or cultivating new hobbies. I'm not so much a work-hard, play-hard kind of person. So I like to say my job lets me be a work-hard, relax-hard person."
Thanks, Brie, for your submission. Look for a delivery soon of special treats as our appreciation for helping to spread the love.
What do you love about your job? Making a difference, working with fantastic colleagues, feeling proud of the organization you work for, having great benefits, something else? Let us know. Tell us in writing or send us a photo or video. Help us spread the love and you might even be the next person featured!
Every February, we host "I Love My Job" to highlight the positive aspects of work. We're receiving great submissions from people who are telling us the reasons they love their job.
We're featuring the best submissions each week here, on Facebook, Twitter and other social media pages. The person or team who provides our favorite entry for the week receives some special treats to share with his or her co-workers.
Send us your "I love my job" story or submission
Here is our favorite submission from last week, sent in by Alena Callaghan, a senior manager for marketing operations at Opower, an enterprise software company in Arlington, Va., that helps utilities elevate the customer experience (including saving energy.)
Why do I love my job? Let me list the ways...
- The Arlington office is dog-friendly. I don't have a dog of my own, so I'm able to get my puppy fix by playing with my coworkers' pooches.
- We're treated like adults. We all have the capability to telework thanks to company-issued laptops, and I'm able to flex my hours to take care of deliveries, appointments and more. My managers trust me to get my work done without requiring me to clock in at a specific time.
- Management listens to our concerns. There are regular Q&As with the management where we can submit anonymous, public questions through slide.do. When several people raised concerns about lack of diversity, they formed a committee to come up with concrete plans, such as having a consultant come in to one of the company meetings to teach about unconscious bias.
- The pantry is filled with delicious, free, healthy(!) food: avocados, fresh fruit & veggies, ice cream, granola, and more.
- There's plenty of room for growth and learning. I'm able to attend conferences, sign up for online training, and create a development plan to advance in my career.
- We help the earth. One of the major benefits of our software is that energy users are able to save energy... over 9 million kilowatt hours and counting (enough to power every home in New Mexico for a year!)
Thanks, Alena, for your submission. Look for an office delivery next week of special treats as our appreciation for helping to spread the love.
What do you love about your job? Making a difference, working with fantastic colleagues, feeling proud of the organization you work for, having great benefits, something else? Let us know. Tell us in writing or send us a photo or video. Help us spread the love and you might even be the next person featured!
Recently, the press release for an article appearing in Academy of Management Discoveries made some waves with the headline "Contagion of off-site work drains the company office of its value and appeal, new study finds." Media picked up the headline and ran with it, offering comments such as "…people started working from home because everyone else was doing it" (New York Times) and "Giving your employees the chance to work from home might not be the win-win proposition many believe it to be" (Business News Daily).
Before you use this information to kill telecommuting because it's bad for business, the press release about that article does not tell the whole story. In fact, a review of the methodology and results from the underlying study suggests the media's portrayal is not exactly accurate.
The premise that working outside the office acts like a virus that kills off everyone's motivation and the company's values is not justified by the results of the study. Those comments came up only in some of the original interviews the authors conducted with 29 IT employees of the company. Follow-up surveys conducted with hundreds of employees from across the organization did not even study this "contagion effect."
Rather, survey respondents from across the organization were more likely to indicate they telecommuted for beneficial reasons. The three most frequently cited reasons for working from home were the perceptions of being more productive (67 percent), being better able to manage work-family demands (63 percent) and because it made their job more satisfying (43 percent). Only 29 percent reported that it was because few people from their team worked in the office much. While selecting that reason predicted how much time people spent working from home, so did selecting other reasons. It was subsequently unclear how many people selected the office being empty as their primary or only reason for working from home.
Did someone from @TheOnion guest wrote an article for @nytimes? "The office became this isolated wasteland" https://t.co/zSfUsTEj67— Andrew Bezzub (@abezzub) January 14, 2016
To be sure, there is likely going to be some loss of social interaction when people telecommute regularly, but this is not news to anyone. In the early 2000s, the Center for Work and Family at Boston College produced a report that argued:
Not every position can be accomplished remotely and not every individual is suitable to work remotely or to manage remote workers. Assessment of person and job-fit to a telecommuting arrangement is essential.
The report also concluded that telecommuting by one or many employees will impact other organizational members, relationships among co-workers, and relationships between telecommuters and their managers.
An article written by Wayne Cascio and published by the Academy of Management Perspectives in 2000 – which was cited in the recent Academy of Management Discoveries article – already highlighted potential issues of isolation, loss of synergies due to decreased personal interactions, and decreased levels of trust, if not managed properly.
So, slow down the frenzy already.
If you have telecommuting at your office and it's working well, congratulations: You're helping employees by providing them a more flexible workplace. If not, then the recent article published in the Academy of Management Discoveries is not going to help you. It really does nothing but highlight two things we already knew.
First, a no-holds-barred approach to telecommuting may not always be in a company's best interests. If employees are free to pick and choose when they come into the office (or if they come in at all), you run the risk of creating a scenario in which people stop showing up to work because when they choose to go, they don't get anything out of it. Rather than simply letting employees do whatever they want when it comes to telecommuting, companies should be deliberate about how they go about implementing that flexibility.
Second, regardless of how well it's managed, not everyone is going to think working from home is the ideal work arrangement. Everyone has different needs they fulfill through their work – including needs for achievement and affiliation. If people value face-to-face physical interactions as a way of meeting their affiliation needs, then obviously they may not thrive as well in a virtual environment.
Neither of these two issues, though, are new in any way and have been studied in past research (though, admittedly, more research on this topic can always be done). Regardless, it is important for us all to remember that telecommuting is not something we should allow to simply pop up in an organization. Like any other work process, it requires a strategy, effective management, and integration and coordination, among other work processes. It also requires that workers are a fit with this way of working and that management processes and infrastructure can effectively support it.
So, before you conclude that telecommuting is bad for business, you should delve deeper into the research.
"I suppose it is tempting, if the only tool you have is a hammer, to treat everything as if it were a nail." --- Abraham Maslow (1966)
This expression seems to be quite apropos to what has taken place in a lot – and I mean a lot – of modern organizations. Wellness programs have become the one-stop-shop for fixing all of your employees' ills, with companies spending a record $693 per worker. Yet, many companies have found that they have put all their eggs into one not-so-beneficial basket, so companies began "incentivizing" participation, which is often met with mixed results.
But if incentives don't work well for you, you might try another hammer that employees seem to be getting beaten with: gamification. If we gamify everything, from wellness programs to training to sales, employees will become more focused and engaged in their work, choosing to spend more effort and energy on these initiatives.
And if that doesn't suit your fancy, one of the newest hammers is mindfulness, a favorite of companies like Aetna and Google. While there's nothing wrong with the practice of meditation and mindfulness, companies are starting to treat it as a panacea for stress reduction, and in some cases, is creating a "cult of mindfulness."
Yet, these three popular hammers all have two things in common in how they are implemented:
- They assume there is one best way to accomplish a desired goal.
- They put the onus squarely on the employee and remove any responsibility for employee ills on the work environment itself.
Instead, these solutions are often touted within organizations in which employees regularly work long hours and encounter a myriad of stressors that exist within the work environment. Hence, the goal seems to be to find ways to make people healthier, more motivated or more relaxed so they can navigate better the stressors that exist within the work environment, without having to put forth the effort to address issues that exist within the work environment.
Many organizations fail to take a systemic organizational development approach to assessing and truly solving underlying problems. When an annual employee survey suggests employees are stressed, the organization offers a mindfulness program or a stress management program and hopes it will address the problem. Yet, issues like stress, health and well-being are multifaceted and require multifaceted solutions.
When companies rely on initiatives like wellness programs or mindfulness to solve multifaceted problems, they are committing what is called the fundamental attribution error, in which they tend to assume the problem lies with an employee rather than looking at the environment and situational demands that produce the undesired outcomes. While it is true that employee health and well-being is influenced by characteristics of the person (e.g., their personality, competencies, resources and behaviors), the situation (i.e., work environment) has a profound impact as well. A failure to address one without addressing the other will, at best, result in decreased effectiveness for what we are trying to accomplish.
Instead, what we typically see is a new hammer that becomes popular, sometimes taking hold, sometimes becoming nothing but a fad – just like we see when it comes to the latest and greatest diet. Regardless of established effectiveness or return on investment, companies tend to adopt the approach until something new comes along and take hold, even if only for a short time.
And for employees, well, I'm reminded of the attempt at ironic humor found on t-shirts, hats and other trinkets: "The beatings will continue until morale improves."
When young women come to me for career advice, they are generally just starting out in the professional world, or almost finished with school and want to discuss career paths in psychology. I talk about what it's like to work in the field of industrial-organizational psychology and how to carve out research projects on healthy workplace topics. We also discuss the benefits of postgraduate education, leadership opportunities and long-term earning potential.
Two questions I wish more women would ask as they contemplate life after graduate school are, "How will my spouse or partner affect my career?" and "What type of workplace environment is going to be most supportive of my professional and personal goals?"
The reality for most women entering the workforce is that they will be launching their careers around the same time in their lives they'll also be navigating marriage, balancing their partner's professional ambitions and starting a family. A spouse who shares similar views on work and childcare responsibilities can make a big difference for women who want to flourish in a demanding career and have a fulfilling personal life.
Supportive workplace policies and leaders who understand the value of a healthy workplace help both men and women perform well in their jobs, which in turn benefits their families and organizations. This makes sense, because sure, it would be nice to have both a supportive partner in life as well as a supportive employer, but it's not always simple to find either, let alone both.
Research has shown that the majority of us prefer egalitarian relationships, and this is what I find with most of the millennial women I mentor as well. In a study of the effect of workplace policies on the relationship preferences of young men and women, Pedulla and Thébaud (2015) found that while men and women have egalitarian attitudes about gender roles, if their companies do not offer supportive, family-friendly policies, men and women choose more traditional roles, as described in this recent New York Times article.
Many of us want partners who forge their own careers, who understand the realities women face in the workplace, and also share the household and childcare responsibilities equally. As professional millennial women, we want the best of both worlds, and we want the companies we work for to work with us so we can all succeed. In doing so, we perform better at work and everyone is happy. It's a win-win.
More American women with advanced degrees are choosing to have both children and a career (Pew Research Center, 2015). The decision is no longer "either/or" as it was for some in previous generations, yet our workplace flexibility options and parental leave policies still lag behind both the times and other countries.
Are workplace norms and policies really limiting us from achieving gender equality in the workplace and the more equal relationships we want at home?
"Our choices are profoundly influenced by the cultural and institutional forces around us. We need to understand the real problem – that we lack the social and systemic supports that we need in order to realize our potential and share our talents with the world," suggests Katrina Alcorn, author of the book Maxed Out: American Moms on the Brink.
Something has to give in order for working parents to thrive at work and at home.
According to APA's newly released Work-Life Survey, 51 percent of working Americans say their employer offers flexibility for when they work, and less than half report having flexible options in terms of the number of hours they work (43 percent), how many days per week they work (40 percent) and the location where they work (34 percent). Surprisingly, even fewer U.S. workers are tapping into work-life benefits, with just a quarter or fewer using work-life benefits once a month or more (APA, 2015).
APA's Work-Life Survey also found that men are more likely than women to report frequent use of some work-life benefits, including child care resources, personal time off, flex schedules, paid leave, unpaid leave, life management support and phased transitions. Men were also more likely than women to say their employer offers many work-life benefits.
In some ways it's easier to juggle work and family now than in earlier generations because there are more options. Yet not enough has changed – societal and workplace culture norms still set up an expectation that women should be responsible for the bulk of childcare and housework, leaving women feeling overwhelmed, burning out or opting out of the workforce all together.
Not only does the expectation persist, but, on average, women still do more of the childcare and housework, in addition to working. Mothers spend about 32 hours on childcare and housework a week, whereas fathers spend about 17, in addition to paid work (mothers spend about 21 hours a week on paid work, fathers spend an average of 37), according to the Pew Research Center.
Benefits for women to achieving greater equality at home include everything from better health and wellness to more fulfilling relationships. Yet men who strive for gender equality, those who take paternity leave or stay home with their children when they are sick, can also encounter a less receptive work environment and, in some cases, are stigmatized and "daddy tracked."
In order for women to be successful in their careers, we don't just need paid maternity leave and flexible workplace policies. We also need partners who have the same options and flexibility and are encouraged by organizational leaders to use them for everyone's advantage.


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4:00 PM Monday July, 26, 2010
The Houston County Courthouse has been evacuated due to a bomb threat.
The incident happened around 3 PM.
Officials told News 4 all county employees working inside the courthouse were asked to go home when the bomb threat came in.
Sheriff's office deputies responded to the call by searching the courthouse for an explosive device.
The bomb threat turned out to be false.
Police are searching for information on the person who called in the threat in an effort to make an arrest.


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The House Nursing Caucus and the Deans Nursing Policy Coalition, a nursing education collaborative, held a briefing July 19 to highlight the roles of advanced practice nurses in providing quality, affordable healthcare.
The briefing, held in the Rayburn House Office Building in Washington, D.C., was sponsored by the DNPC and covered issues such as the significance of nursing research in promoting and improving healthcare outcomes, the changing role of healthcare provider teams in preventive care and the importance of federal support for nursing education and workforce development programs.
DNPC members and deans Bobbie Berkowitz, RN, PhD, FAAN; Linda McCauley, RN, PhD, FAAN, FAAOHN; Kathy Rideout, PNP-BC, EdD, FNAP; and Colleen Conway-Welch, RN, PhD, CNM, FAAN, FACNM, spoke to nurses, the media and members of the U.S. House of Representatives.
Also present were the co-chairs of the 112th Congressional House Nursing Caucus: Rep. Lois Capps, D-Calif., an RN, and Rep. Steven LaTourette, R-Ohio.
Capps said the briefing was to highlight the importance of nursings role in providing healthcare to Americans. "We must shift the focus of acute care to preventive [care]," she said.
She concluded her remarks by saying the U.S. needs to expand nursing education programs to provide greater access to improved care. "Everyone has benefited from the care of a nurse," she said. "Nurses deliver the care and are the backbone of healthcare, and therefore public health must involve nursing."
Berkowitz, dean at Columbia University, New York City, focused on the role of APRNs in caring for underserved populations. "[Nurses] are well suited to care for [the]underserved population with complex needs either in large health systems or in community health," she said.
Berkowitz pointed out that the country faces considerable challenges in bringing APRNs to this population. "The underserved have difficulty accessing healthcare," she said. Those with chronic conditions, such as diabetes, particularly are affected. Currently, the "systems are not aligned," with funding primarily provided to acute care rather than to chronic care or prevention, according to Berkowitz. She added that the healthcare system is not designed to support patients in becoming active in managing their own disease and healthcare.
Accountable Care Organizations "increase and improve the patient experience in delivery of care, decrease cost and increase quality and outcomes," Berkowitz said. "[This] cannot be accomplished without collaboration." APRNs should be integrating aspects of transitional care in "ways that ensure communication and seamless management of patient care." Berkowitz said such a model has worked well at Columbia, where the Columbia Advanced Practice Nurse Associates provide collaborative, quality care with more than 2,000 physicians.
Rideout, from the University of Rochester (N.Y.), also spoke about collaborative practice and providing an interdisciplinary framework for healthcare. "Interprofessional education and practice has been proven to help decrease length of stay and therefore decrease costs. Better communication increases patient safety and [causes]less errors," she said. An example of interprofessional education and practice, according to Rideout, was a model that used simulation to teach nursing students and medical students to work together.
McCauley, nursing dean at Atlantas Emory University, spoke to the audience about the health concerns of the geriatric population. "Older adults are major consumers of healthcare in the U.S.," she said. "They are the drivers for change, and APRNs are in the middle of that change."
Among the issues facing older Americans: Their numbers will outpace the number of providers available to provide adequate care. Also, because APRNs scope of practice varies from state to state, models of care are inconsistent and can cause major care delivery problems, McCauley said. Conway-Welch agreed, stating that major limitations on licensure make caring for patients difficult.
LaTourette concluded the briefing by seconding all the points made by the previous speakers. "The demand on primary care is even more now," he said. "I believe NPs can do more than MDs. If you want to increase your customer satisfaction, put the people there who do that the best — nurses."
To view the map regarding consumer access and APRN barriers to practice visit: http://www.iom.edu/Reports/2010/The-Future-of-Nursing-Leading-Change-Advancing-Health/Figure-3-3.aspx.
For more information about CAPNA, go to http://www.cumc.columbia.edu/dept/nursing/practice/about.html.
For more information about The House Nursing Caucus, visit the American Nursing Associations page at http://www.nursingworld.org/CongressionalNursingCaucus.


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Selected Community Events
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http://www.wibw.com/community/events/233834381.html | 233834381
Christmas Boutique at Aldersgate Village
Event Dates and Times
12/13/2013 - 12/14/2013
7220 SW Asbury Drive, on 29th Street between Urish and Auburn Roads, Topeka
Christmas Boutique featuring handmade notecards & crafts, homemade jellies & baked goods, needlework and more.
All proceeds support The Good Samaritan Fund.
Toni Dixon
(785) 286-7454
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Oldschool Sofa Bed
by Innovation-USA
The Oldschool sleeper sofa is a compact, modern sofa with an updated version of the iconic Chesterfield upholstery. Available in two fabric choices, this sofa bed is button-tufted and modular, with lathe-turned wood legs and a solid metal frame. The back is split into two separately reclining halves, with two recline settings to open up new seating or sleeping possibilities. This convertible sofa is 45" wide when fully opened.
Oldschool Chesterfield Multifunctional Lounge Chair may be purchased separately to form a chaise or rear-facing seat, as shown in the 4th picture above.
Oldschool Chesterfield Multifunctional Sofa Bed features:
- 31" h x 83" w x 35-45" d - equivalent to a Full size bed when deployed
- Seat height: 15"
- Mattress is 7" thick
- Icomfort pocket springs make the sleeper sofa durable and bed-like
- Matte black powder-coated steel frame
- Espresso-stained wood legs
Materials & Measurements
Overall: 31" h x 83" w x 35-45" d - equivalent to a Full size bed when deployed
Seat height: 15"
Frame: black powder-coated steel
Legs: lathe-turned solid wood
Upholstery: fabric with foam-covered pocket spring mattress
View Assembly Instructions
Environmental Information
About The Manufacturer
Related Categories
REVIEW SNAPSHOT®by PowerReviews
Reviewed by 1 customer
Comments about Innovation Oldschool Chesterfield Multifunctional Sofa Bed:
The Innovation Oldschool sofa is amazing, the red fabric version looks great, it's solidly built and very comfortable.
Shipping & Delivery
Shipping Rate:
Shipping for this sleeper sofa is free!
In stock items ship within 2-3 days from the purchase date for destinations within the contiguous United States
Standard Ship Method: Standard Curbside - $0.00!
We use this service anytime an item is too large or too fragile to ship with Ups or FedEx. The shipping companies we use may not be household names like Ups and FedEx, but they are committed to providing you with an equally awesome experience. With curbside service, your items will be left at the curb, just inside your driveway or placed next to your front door. When your order arrives to the station in your home town, you will be contacted to schedule a delivery day and time. An appointment will be made prior to delivery and a signature will be required. Please note that this service does not include delivery inside your home or office, so be prepared. If you want to save a little money on shipping and have friends to help you move and unpack, this is your best option.
Shipping Upgrade: Inside Delivery - $79.00 per item
Inside delivery is a cost effective way to have large, heavy items delivered inside your home or office when you just do not want to be bothered by moving and lifting. When your order reaches the local station in your area, you will be contacted to schedule a delivery appointment (with a 4-5 hour window). Caveat: if you need debris removal, stair carries or light assembly, you may want to upgrade to our white glove service.
For additional information, please see our shipping and delivery policies page.
Product Q&A
If you have any questions regarding Smart Furniture's policies in general, please see our FAQs page.
Product Q&A
Do you have questions about this product?
Get answers from real customers and in-house experts with AnswerBox.
Q:You mention that the sofa has freon-free polyether, and that it has no polyurethane, but isn't polyether used to make polyurethane foam? Do any materials in the sofa emit any VOC's and if so, what VOC's?Asked on 4/8/2015 by Viroch from DC
1 answer
A:Your first question is probably better addressed by a scientist, the manufacturer was never able to confirm or deny your question. I can tell you there are no VOC's in the foam.Answered on 5/5/2015 by Melanie from SmartFurniture.com
Q:Hi, do you have smaller sizes? Small apartment! ThanksAsked on 4/1/2015 by Hppy2b from Sheboygan Falls
1 answer
A:The Oldschool Chesterfield Multifunctional Sofa Bed is available only in one size which measures 31" h x 83" w x 35-45" d and converts to a full size bed.
Innovation does offer a smaller option in the Cubed Deluxe Full Sofa Bed (https://www.smartfurniture.com/products/Innovation-Cubed-Deluxe-Full-Sofa-Bed.html) which is only 55" wide.Answered on 4/1/2015 by Karen G. from Smart Furniture
Q:What does each box weigh as shipped? and weight of item when assembled?Asked on 12/19/2014 by jsrdgrace
1 answer
A:2 boxes: 110 pounds (cushions) and 31 pounds (base and hardware)
Weight once assembled: 128 poundsAnswered on 12/26/2014 by Melanie from SmartFurniture.com
Q:This Sofa Bed, delivered in box or crate, is it all one piece or several pieces that can be carried upstairs separately? Does the mattress separate from the metal frame for easy transport upstairs? or is it all bolted together? Are the legs separate, and screwed on ?Asked on 5/16/2013 by New customer from Houston
2 answers
A:The Innovation Oldschool Chesterfield Multifunctional Sofa Bed is delivered in boxes. The back and seat are in a box and ship in the flat position, but can be unboxed and put in the upright position to maneuver it around doorways or into elevators. The frame and legs are in separate packaging and will be need to be attached to the sofa bed seat. You can find assembly instructions here to get an advance look at what you'll be facing: https://www.smartfurniture.com/shop/publicpdfs/Innovation%20AI/old_school_sofa.PDFAnswered on 5/21/2013 by Karen G. from Smart Furniture
A:The Innovation Oldschool Chesterfield Multifunctional Sofa Bed is delivered in boxes. The back and seat are in a box and ship in the flat position, but can be unboxed and put in the upright position to maneuver it around doorways or into elevators. The frame and legs are in separate packaging and will be need to be attached to the sofa bed seat. You can find assembly instructions here to get an advance look at what you'll be facing: https://www.smartfurniture.com/shop/publicpdfs/Innovation%20AI/old_school_sofa.PDFAnswered on 5/21/2013 by Karen G. from Smart Furniture
Q:Hi-what exactly is the material on this sofa, and how do I care for it?
{spills etc ]
ThanksAsked on 2/4/2013 by d from NYC
1 answer
A:The upholstery on the Oldschool Chesterfield Multifunctional Sofa Bed by Innovation is called iFelt and it is composed of 100% polyester. Innovation's instructions for cleaning are that you dry clean only. This will prevent shrinking, color loss and permanent staining.Answered on 2/5/2013 by Karen G. from Smart Furniture
Innovation furniture comes with a 2-year manufacturer's warranty.


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Heima stores are located at:
Pasig- Unit 103, Three Brixton Building, #3 Brixton St., Kapitolyo, Pasig City 1603
Store hours are 10AM to 7PM Mondays to Saturdays
Our newest branch! Our design office, showroom and custom furniture center in a lovely neighborhood of good food, cafes, and wellness.
Makati - Suite 229 LRI Deign Plaza, 210 N. Garcia (formerly Reposo), Bel-Air II, Makati City 1209
Store hours are 10AM to 7PM Mondays to Saturdays
Our head office, cosmopolitan and unique, in a design center in the business
If you visit our website's Products section, we have most of the available products uploaded, plus special offers too! To see our furniture catalog, message us at firstname.lastname@example.com so we an send you the file.
For online, we use Payeasy. Click here to view the payment options.
You can pay through our bank account:
UCPB (United Coconut Planters Bank) - Savings Account:
Acct Name: Heimastore, Inc.
Acct Number: 1010 4000 2762
For in-store transactions, we use cash, EPS, VISA or Mastercard.
For products with customization, we accept bank transfers and deposits as well as checks cleared by the bank.
For photo shoot venue reservations, we use cash, to be paid on the day of the shoot in Heima Brixton
Email email@example.com to request for a copy of our latest catalog.
You can also view our e-zines at www.issuu.com/heimastore.
For clients with a bigger project in mind, we present to you in detail our services for bespoke furniture tailored to your needs. Interior designers, architects, contractors and brand owners are welcome to inquire!
Warranties apply to electronic products only, valid for two weeks after purchase.
When you buy pieces from us, we gladly give tips on how the furniture can work in your space. We train our team to understand Interior Design and other design disciplines our studio offers consultation in its roster.
For styling services (for a bedroom, your business' kiosk, an office space, etc), you may inquire for Heima's styling services over at bit.ly/1LR5kxV
For full Interior Design services, our sister company, Heim Interiors can help. Visit their website at www.heiminteriors.com.
The availability of our products in the store varies with our supply. Especially for furniture, we source high-quality fabric that may not be available after a period of time. You can ask for a custom piece that we can make for you.
For small items in the store, please send us or the store manager an email. We'll gladly pre-order the item if you wish.
Right now, our services focus on customization. But if you wish to consult with the treatment for the piece, you can discuss with our creative team to assist you. You may forward your queries to firstname.lastname@example.com
Warranties apply to electronic products only, valid for two weeks after purchase.
Yes we do. Wholesales depend on the available quantity of each product. Please email us your orders at email@example.com.
It is an item made to a customer's specification.
We customize furniture! This is actually one of our main services. How do we go through it? Click here.
Press Kits are available upon request. Email us at email@example.com.
You may check out the rates, terms, and sign-up form at www.bit.ly/HeimaVenue
Photoshoots are held in Heima Brixton! For the details and the sign-up sheet, you may refer to www.bit.ly/HeimaVenue
We only accept cash, to be paid on the day of the shoot. All rates are VAT exclusive.
Yes! Furniture pull-outs are allowed for publications and exhibit purposes only. A formal letter-request is required for furniture pull-outs. The letter-request should be approved by the management. Please email firstname.lastname@example.com
Most of our fabrics are imported, as well as the accessories we use in our designs. To support the local industry, we have the final manufacturing process of every piece in the Philippines.
We also re-use and upscale recyclable pieces to help the environment while giving each piece a touch of character!
We at Heima make sure that all products in our store meet our design and quality standards. If you have items that you feel is perfect for Heima, we would need the the brand profile and some samples of your items. Please send the items to our Brixton branch.


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The Hollywood Walk of Fame is a legend. It may just be concrete and bronze, but it is an important part of Hollywood tourism. People flock to see their favorite actor, actress or entertainers star and place their hands into the permanent hand print of their idol. The Hollywood Walk of Fame is a must see Hollywood attraction. Nobody can see the sights of Hollywood without checking out the Walk of Fame.
The Hollywood Walk of Fame is a showcase of legendary actors, actresses and other entertainers. Almost everyone possible has star running along the Walk of Fame. Stars feature the picture, name and on many the handprints of the star they feature. The stars pay tribute to everyone, from silent film stars to modern superstars. There are even animals, which were stars in their own right, like Lassie. The Hollywood Walk of Fame pays tribute to those people who made Hollywood a famous city.
Address: Los Angeles, CA 90028, United States
Please provide this reference number to our customer service center representative on request, so we can help you better


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Proctor holds forum on land proposalSeptember 23,2013Proctor residents will have an opportunity today to weigh in on an offer from Omya to acquire some of their properties in town.
A public informational meeting in front of the Select Board will be held today at 5:30 p.m. at the Library Community Room to hear input from residents about the offer which involves the Marble Building, the Lab Building and Beaver Pond.
Omya has extended the offer to the town as well as the College of St. Joseph which is looking for lab space as the school expands its science programs.MORE IN This Just InSPRINGFIELD Springfield residents will be asked next month during Market Madness for their... Full StoryPHILADELPHIA Many delegates from Vermont arrived at the Democratic National Convention this... Full StoryI could feel the groan rising inside me as I read the subject line of the press release in my... Full Story
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I thought having only a Sapphire bracelet would appear to dark or boring, so I opted to get a little color w/ it. I'm glad I did. The two color stones compliment each other well in afemine way that I wanted. The only non positive remark I have is that the sharp sides stuck me until I got use to wearing it...but I love the look of it.
- Did the image onsite match the product? Yes
- Did the product fit true to size? Yes
- How is the quality of the product? Happy w/ it
it is an excellent gift item
This bracelet is well made with dark clear sapphires and beautiful pastel clear blue topaz. The medallion style lends itself to many different looks. I love the security of the lobster clasp as it can't catch on things and come unfastened
- How did the image on site compare with the actual product? Very well
- How accurate was the sizing? very
- Please tell us about the quality of the product. Very well made
This bracelet is so much more impressive than the image that, when I first opened the box, I thought they'd sent the wrong one. Blue topaz stones are quite large and the bracelet has quite a bit of sparkle. Topaz is very light blue and sapphire is very dark blue, but the two colors enhance each other and the contrast creates a more interesting effect than either of these two stones alone. Also, I noticed that the intensity of the colors changes somewhat in various lighting situations. The only negative I've found so far is the lobster claw clasp. You'll need help with it, but, for the price, it is a great value.
- How did the image on site compare with the actual product? Bracelet is much more impressive than photo
- How accurate was the sizing? Runs a bit short of 7 1/4
- Please tell us about the quality of the product. Very good for the price


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Comments about 'Blue roundup: Jimmer crossover injures opponent'
- Oldest first
- Newest first
- Most recommended
In Oakland last night TV color guy for the Warriors' Jim Barnett (former NBA
star), after watching him for the first two games, described Jimmer as "the
real deal". That was right after Jimmer buried one from 4' beyond the arc.
Do I remember some trolls up north last year predicting Jimmer's demise in the NBA??
- 12:33 p.m. Dec. 21, 2011
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Steph Curry's ankle got jimmered.
- 2:06 p.m. Dec. 21, 2011
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Hope Rick Reilly sees this article.
- 2:38 p.m. Dec. 21, 2011
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Reilly needs to be bombarded with requests to pay up his offer of $5k to any charity. In a follow up article, he made a promise to pay if Jimmer started "any game" in his first year. Since he started the first preseason game, I think that qualifies, but even if not, there is no way he won't start at least ONE game this season.
- 3:34 p.m. Dec. 21, 2011
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Killer crossover? He almost got the ball stolen. Nice one, Jeff. Glad to see you and the D-News are still beating this drum...
- 5:05 p.m. Dec. 21, 2011
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Tj (Jimmer brother) need to start working on his rap song "Crossover" and he will rock.
- 6:09 p.m. Dec. 21, 2011
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I'm just as big a Jimmer fan as anyone, but let's not blame Curry's ankle injury on his cross over. Curry has had problems with his ankle for a long time and it's not like Jimmer blew by him. In fact, Curry poked the ball away.
- 6:31 p.m. Dec. 21, 2011
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@Tom in CA
A couple of points:
1. Jimmer hasn't played one single game in the NBA yet. Not one. It's too early to call him a failure, but it's also too early to call him a success. I bet you were calling Alex Smith an NFL failure, and we saw how that worked out.
2. Did you notice that, despite having a great game in his first preseason game, that his team lost by 30 to Golden State (!). They allowed Golden State to put up 127 points. It doesn't matter if you score 35 when the guy you're guarding scores 40. Wake me up when Jimmer learns to play defense.
- 6:44 p.m. Dec. 21, 2011
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@ Brave Sir Robin
Don't know what game you watched but Golden State scored 107 to Sacramento 96. Jimmer scored 21, playing about three quarters. It was hard to tell how many his man scored because none of the Sacramento guards play much defense. Jimmer did appear to hold his own and score more than his opponent. In a related story, Sacramento has two employees whose only job it is to fill orders for Jimmer's jerseys. You'd better get used to watching him because he will play more than "a single game in the NBA." And, I don't know about Tom in CA, but I always thought Alex Smith would be successful and am happy for him. He probably worked as hard at his game as Jimmer has on his.
- 8:04 p.m. Dec. 21, 2011
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Jimmer may have the best range of any collegiate player to ever come into the NBA. Most of his 3 pointers were several feet outside the nba line. Coach has said he can already see how he stretches the floor for all the other players, buy a clue Brave Sir Robin.
- 11:18 p.m. Dec. 21, 2011
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Enough with the Jimmer haters he is one of the greatest bball players of all time his work ethic is amazing and he has one of the prettiest shots around there would not be any hating if Jimmer wore a Ute jersey through his collegiate career give him the credit he deserves how well has Bogut done in the Nba not that amazing I believe Jimmer will start the season and the Kings will more than likely have a much better season than last year and once Jimmer returns to Utah he will torch the Jazz with all those 3's face it the NBA is about to be Jimmered!
- 11:47 p.m. Dec. 21, 2011
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timid sir stormcrow
Get over your BYU hatred; Jimmer is the real deal and he's going to be a great NBA player.
- 12:09 a.m. Dec. 22, 2011
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Reminds me of the video on youtube called "Jimmer Fredette Court Intruder" when they said "Jimmer Fredette breaks ankles with his crossovers." I just chuckled when I read this article and the quote came to my mind. Go Jimmer! LOVE Jimmer! :)
- 10:02 a.m. Dec. 22, 2011
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I hurt my ankle just watching it and ended up going to the E.R.
- 3:34 p.m. Dec. 22, 2011
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And the legend grows!
- 5:59 p.m. Dec. 24, 2011
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We only lost 1 player from last years World Series Championship Team in Columbus, OH.
Looking for an A level pitcher or Catcher, with a good bat, and great attitude!
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We practice on Wednesday and Saturday.
Call Tim Back at 407-3150 or email me at email@example.com for any questions you may have.
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The ability to make atomic-level changes in the functional components of semiconductor switches, demonstrated by a team of Oak Ridge National Laboratory, North Carolina State University and University of Tennessee physicists, could lead to huge changes in the semiconductor industry. The results are reported in the June 13 issue of Science.
The experiments demonstrated that the Schottky barrier — the boundary at the edge of a substance where electrons… read more


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Equil's Smartpen technology heads to the boardroom, effectively making any whiteboard surface "smart."
Plotclock combines Arduino and 3D printing for a clock that writes and rewrites the time every minute.
In response to the school shooting in Connecticut, a military armor manufacturer creates bulletproof whiteboards as a last line of defense for teachers and students.
New device from a nearly 40-year-old tech company could disrupt a $1.8 billion business. But first, its maker must persuade schools and businesses to try something new.
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NetManage announced its Chameleon HostLink and ChameleonNFS/X. HostLink provides access to IBM mainframes and IBM AS/400s over both SNA and TCP/IP connections. NFS/X delivers application, file system, and intranet integration to Unix systems from all Windows desktops. Both include file and print sharing, email, a newsreader, Internet access, desktop whiteboarding, and videoconferencing applications. Both are now available with a list price of $400 each.


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I live out here in Austin Texas,
I think Jordan shipley would be the Burner that we need on special teams as well as a Wes Welker type receicer but faster . I think we should scoop him up in the secound round after taking a tackle and Safety/CB. The dude is a Hardworker, and if it wasn't for all the uneccesary hype on Colt McCoy and Ut's mild collapse at then end of the season he very well could have been in the Heisman conversation. Crabtree, Morgan, Shipley, Davis and Gore. Wow.......Alex Smith would have no excuses with a lineup like this.