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PASADENA, Calif.—Imagine if doctors could perform surgery without ever having to cut through your skin. Or if they could diagnose cancer by seeing tumors inside the body with a procedure that is as simple as an ultrasound. Thanks to a technique developed by engineers at the California Institute of Technology (Caltech), all of that may be possible in the not-so-distant future.
The new method enables researchers to focus light efficiently inside biological tissue. While the previous limit for how deep light could be focused was only about one millimeter, the Caltech team is now able to reach two and a half millimeters. And, in principle, their technique could focus light as much as a few inches into tissue. The technique is used much like a flashlight shining on the body's interior, and may eventually provide researchers and doctors with a host of possible biomedical applications, such as a less invasive way of diagnosing and treating diseases.
If you crank up the power of light, you might even be able to do away with a traditional scalpel. "It enables the possibilities of doing incision-less surgery," says Changhuei Yang, a professor of electrical engineering and bioengineering at Caltech and a senior author on the new study. "By generating a tight laser-focus spot deep in tissue, we can potentially use that as a laser scalpel that leaves the skin unharmed."
Ying Min Wang, a graduate student in electrical engineering, and Benjamin Judkewitz, a postdoctoral scholar, are the lead authors on the paper, which was published in the June 26 issue of the journal Nature Communications.
The new work builds on a previous technique that Yang and his colleagues developed to see through a layer of biological tissue, which is opaque because it scatters light. In the previous work, the researchers shined light through the tissue and then recorded the resulting scattered light on a holographic plate. The recording contained all the information about how the light beam scattered, zigzagging through the tissue. By playing the recording in reverse, the researchers were able to essentially send the light back through to the other side of the tissue, retracing its path to the original source. In this way, they could send light through a layer of tissue without the blurring effect of scattering.
But to make images of what is inside tissue—to get a picture of cells or molecules that are embedded inside, say, a muscle—the researchers would have to be able to focus a light beam into the tissue. "For biologists, it's most important to know what's happening inside the tissue," Wang says.
To focus light into tissue, the researchers expanded on the recent work of Lihong Wang's group at Washington University in St. Louis (WUSTL); they had developed a method to focus light using the high-frequency vibrations of ultrasound. The WUSTL group took advantage of two properties of ultrasound. First, the high-frequency sound waves are not scattered by tissue, which is why it is great for taking images of fetuses in utero. Second, ultrasonic vibrations interact with light in such a way that they shift the light's frequency ever so slightly. As a result of this so-called acousto-optic effect, any light that has interacted with ultrasound changes into a slightly different color.
In both the WUSTL and Caltech experiments, the teams focused ultrasound waves into a small region inside a tissue sample. They then shined light into the sample, which, in turn, scattered the light. Because of the acousto-optic effect, any of the scattered light that passes through the region with the focused ultrasound will change to a slightly different color. The researchers can pick out this color-shifted light and record it. By employing the same playback technique as in the earlier Caltech work, they then send the light back, having only the color-shifted bits retrace their path to the small region where the ultrasound was focused—which means that the light itself is focused on that area, allowing an image to be created. The researchers can control where they want to focus the light simply by moving the ultrasound focus.
The WUSTL experiment was limited, however, because only a very small amount of light could be focused. The Caltech engineers' new method, on the other hand, allows them to fire a beam of light with as much power as they want—which is essential for potential applications.
The team demonstrated how the new method could be used with fluorescence imaging—a powerful technique used in a wide range of biological and biomedical research. The researchers embedded a patch of gel with a fluorescent pattern that spelled out "CIT" inside a tissue sample. Then, they scanned the sample with focused light beams. The focused light hit and excited the fluorescent pattern, resulting in the glowing letters "CIT" emanating from inside the tissue. The team also demonstrated their technique by taking images of tumors tagged with fluorescent dyes.
"This demonstration that we can focus significant optical power deep within tissues opens up significant possibilities in optical imaging," Yang says. By tagging cells or molecules that are markers for disease with fluorescent dyes, doctors can use this technique to make diagnoses noninvasively, much as if they were doing an ultrasound procedure.
Doctors might also use this process to treat cancer with photodynamic therapy. In this procedure, a drug that contains light-sensitive, cancer-killing compounds is injected into a patient. Cancer cells absorb those compounds preferentially, so that the compounds kill the cells when light shines on them. Photodynamic therapy is now only used at tissue surfaces, because of the way light is easily scattered. The new technique should allow doctors to reach cancer cells deeper inside tissue.
The team has been able to more than double the current limit for how far light can be focused into tissue. With future improvements on the optoelectronic hardware used to record and play back light, the engineers say, they may be able to reach 10 centimeters (almost 4 inches)—the depth limit of ultrasound—within a few years.
Still, the researchers say, their demonstration shows they have overcome the main conceptual hurdle for effectively focusing light deep inside tissue. "This is a big breakthrough, and we're excited about the potential," Judkewitz says. Adds Caltech's Wang, "It's a very new way to image into tissue, which could lead to a lot of promising applications."
The Nature Communications paper is titled "Deep-tissue focal fluorescence imaging with digitally time-reversed ultrasound-encoded light." In addition to Wang, Judkewitz, and Yang, the other author on the paper is Charles DiMarzio of Northeastern University. This work was supported by the National Institutes of Health, the Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency, the Sir Henry Wellcome Postdoctoral Fellowship from the Wellcome Trust, and the National Science Scholarship from the Agency for Science, Technology, and Research in Singapore.
Written by Marcus Woo
After designing and building a four-wheeled remotely controlled rover, a team of Caltech students came away with second place in the RASC-AL Exploration Robo-Ops Competition at NASA's Johnson Space Center earlier this month. Despite a weather delay and some wayward sand, the robot operated as designed and managed to traverse different slopes and types of terrain in Johnson's Rock Yard, picking up four rock targets and an "alien" during the one-hour roving portion of the competition.
"All in all, the competition was a great success," says Justin Koch, the mobility system lead for the Caltech Rover Team and a mechanical engineering major who just completed his first year at Caltech. "Everyone on the team put in a lot of hours, and the quality of the rover demonstrated that it was time well spent."
The Revolutionary Aerospace Systems Concepts Academic Linkage (RASC-AL) Exploration Robo-Ops Competition challenges teams of university students with the engineering task of designing and building a planetary rover prototype. Sponsored by NASA and organized by the National Institute of Aerospace, the competition gives students the opportunity to apply what they have learned in the classroom to a real-world problem.
Caltech and seven other teams were selected as finalists based on written proposals submitted in December. Each team received $10,000 to build a rover and to send three team members and an advisor—in Caltech's case, that was Joel Burdick, professor of mechanical engineering and bioengineering—to the competition forum in Houston, which took place May 30 through June 1. The remaining members of each team stayed at their home institution to remotely operate their rovers. Thanks to a live video feed and the 4G network, the majority of Caltech's team was able to watch and control the rover's every move from "mission control" in the basement of Spalding Laboratory.
During the roving portion of the competition, which accounted for 60 percent of the final score, each team had free rein on the course for one hour. The Caltech Rover Team started its run on May 31. They managed to pick up two colored target rocks in the sand pit, but ran into some problems with grains of sand getting into the joints of the rover arm's gripper. They used the five-minute "mulligan" every team gets to repair the rover, but the run was later interrupted by an approaching thunderstorm.
They resumed their run the following day, navigating from the sand pit to the "lunar craters," where they found and picked up an "alien" toy. Before their hour of roving was up, they collected two additional rocks on the hill.
"The roving portion of the competition at Houston was exciting to say the least," says rising junior Daniel Lo, the leader and organizer of Caltech's team and a physics and planetary science double major. "We encountered difficulties, things we did not expect, but I am really proud that as a team we persisted."
Out of a possible 60 points, the Caltech team received 39 for the roving portion of the competition. The first-place winners, Worcester Polytechnic University, earned the full 60 points, while the third-place team, from the University of Maryland, picked up six points. Teams were also judged on a technical paper, an oral poster presentation, and an education and public-outreach component.
For their second-place performance, the Caltech Rover Team received $4,000, which they plan to use on future robotics competitions. They also received a good-sportsmanship award for loaning their tools and duct tape to the University of Pennsylvania team when its rover broke down. Koch says the experience he gained was worth the time and effort. "I picked up a lot of hands-on knowledge that will be useful for future projects," he says.
When Caltech senior Arvind Kannan graduates on Friday, he will be one highly decorated Techer. During this academic year, the chemical engineering major racked up multiple honors that will support his graduate studies, including a Churchill Scholarship, a Hertz Foundation fellowship, and a National Science Foundation graduate research fellowship.
As one of only 14 new Churchill scholars, Kannan will spend the next academic year working on a Master of Philosophy in chemistry at the University of Cambridge. While there, he will work in the laboratory of Michele Vendruscolo, using computational methods to build a detailed structural model of a large protein complex called the 20S proteasome, which is involved in regulating processes ranging from gene expression to cell signaling. According to the Winston Churchill Foundation's website, the scholarship program "offers American citizens of exceptional ability and outstanding achievement the opportunity to pursue graduate studies in engineering, mathematics, or the sciences at Cambridge.
When Kannan returns to the United States to complete a doctoral program at Stanford University, he will receive support from both the Fannie and John Hertz Foundation and the NSF Graduate Research Fellowship Program. These awards, Kannan says, will allow him to carry out an ambitious research project free from financial constraints.
At Caltech, Kannan developed a passion for engineering proteins to do chemically useful things—like break down plant matter for use in biofuel production or speed up drug development. He has been working with Frances Arnold, the Dick and Barbara Dickinson Professor of Chemical Engineering, utilizing a technique called "directed evolution," which applies the principles of natural selection to molecules in the laboratory rather than animals or plants in nature.
"Arvind's brilliance and insatiable thirst for learning is matched by his commitment to studying and practicing science," says Arnold, who also described him as "well-rounded." Indeed, Kannan, has played the flute for eight years, has been singing Carnatic music—a type of South Indian classical music—since he was five years old, and is now a baritone in the Caltech Glee Club. "When not playing music, I love listening to it," he says. "I have also cultivated a passion for modern electronic dance music and enjoy participating in the major electronic music festivals of the L.A. area."
Of his time at Caltech, Kannan says he feels fortunate that the breadth of the curriculum and the diversity of opportunities for learning have prepared him so well for his future. He enjoys, for example, sitting at a lunch table with physics majors and biologists alike, and being able to join in conversations about both quantum field theory and cell signaling. "That experience, I think, has been really wonderful because science is an interdisciplinary, collaborative process," he says. "The more you know about other fields, the more it enriches both your own research and your appreciation for science as a whole."
Later this week, a four-wheeled robot designed and built by Caltech undergraduate students will maneuver, apparently under its own guidance, through various challenges at the NASA Johnson Space Center Rock Yard in Houston. In actuality, the robot's every move will be under the control of a group of those students who will be located back on campus, in the basement of Spalding Laboratory.
The Caltech group, which is named simply the Caltech Rover Team, will be competing for glory and prizes in a contest whose name is quite a mouthful: the Revolutionary Aerospace Systems Concepts Academic Linkage (RASC-AL) Exploration Robo-Ops Competition. Sponsored by NASA and organized by the National Institute of Aerospace, the competition will take place during a three-day forum, beginning May 30. The challenge will test the ability of rovers from eight universities to navigate sand dunes, climb out of mock lunar craters, pick up rocks, and more—all while being tele-operated off-site.
"This has been an amazing experience," says sophomore Daniel Lo, a physics and planetary science double major and the leader and organizer of the Caltech team. "In the beginning, I couldn't have imagined that our rover would turn out this great."
Each of the eight university teams were chosen as finalists based on written proposals submitted in December, then given $10,000 to build their rover and to send three team members and an advisor to the competition in Houston. Joel Burdick, professor of mechanical engineering and bioengineering, and Issa Nesnas of the Jet Propulsion Laboratory are the Caltech team's advisors.
During a recent demonstration on campus attended by onlookers including Caltech president Jean-Lou Chameau, team member Harrison Miller stood at a picnic table and operated a sensored master arm made of acrylic; his movements were transmitted and copied by the rover's own robotic "slave" arm. "Oh, that's so buttery," Miller said, marveling at the master-slave arm-control system's latest improvements. He was able to lead the rover through a challenge known as the "Tower of Hanoi" problem, which requires picking up, moving, and setting down disks of various sizes and weights in a particular order.
In the actual competition, the rocks that the rover will have to pick up will be lighter and easier to grip than the disks used in the demonstration. "If we can do this, we'll be fine," said Russell Newman, the team's chief designer and a senior mechanical engineering major. In addition, the rover arm's six degrees of freedom should allow it to reach over and around obstacles to gain access to target rocks.
The Caltech robot uses a so-called rocker-bogie suspension system, in which the differential links, or "rockers," of the undercarriage keep the vehicle balanced. This type of system is used by NASA's Mars rovers to give them the ability to drive over relatively large rocks and varying terrain, without tilting drastically—and, possibly, toppling over. As it traverses the Rock Yard in Houston, the rover's eight cameras will feed visual information via Verizon's 4G network to the operating team located in Caltech's Jim Hall Design and Prototyping Lab; the network will also deliver the team's commands to the rover.
Each team, in addition to being judged based on their rover's performance in the challenge, will be evaluated on a final written report and on education and outreach efforts. Caltech's team, for example, has a website and Facebook and Twitter accounts for its rover and has shared the project with several groups of local school children.
The competition in Houston will be streamed live on May 31 and June 1.
PASADENA, Calif.— When scientists think about the replication of information in chemistry, they usually have in mind something akin to what happens in living organisms when DNA gets copied: a double-stranded molecule that contains sequence information makes two new copies of the molecule. But researchers at the California Institute of Technology (Caltech) have now shown that a different mechanism can also be used to copy sequence information.
In this alternate version, tiny DNA tile crystals consisting of many copies of a piece of information are first grown, then broken into a few pieces by mechanically-induced scission, or force. The new crystal bits contain all the information needed to keep copying the sequence. Each piece then begins to replicate its information and grow until broken apart again—without the help of enzymes, an essential ingredient in biological sequence replication. In some ways, the new system is reminiscent of Goethe's poem, The Sorcerer's Apprentice, in which the apprentice smashes a magic mop with an axe, producing many exact replicas of the sweeper, all programmed to do the same job.
"The genome-copying mechanism used by cells requires tight control between the separation of DNA strands and the copying process," explains study lead author Rebecca Schulman, an assistant professor at Johns Hopkins University who was a graduate student at Caltech when the research began.
"But no such coordination is required in the system we designed, which makes it simpler in many ways," she says. "This suggests that there may be other mechanisms of copying information that follow this method using chemistry that could be simpler than the process cells use. What we showed in the paper was a capacity to take a given chemical message—a sequence of 1s and 0s—and make more copies of that message through a new, designed self-replication process."
The findings were reported in a recent issue of the Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences (PNAS).
The idea that crystals can self-replicate was first presented by organic chemist and molecular biologist Graham Cairns-Smith in 1965. He proposed, as well, that such crystals might have been the first chemical self-replicators capable of Darwinian evolution. His theory was controversial at the time, and his ideas have never gained widespread support. But according to Erik Winfree, professor of computer science, computation and neural systems, and bioengineering at Caltech and senior author on the PNAS paper, this new research shows that Cairns-Smith's hypothesis on the origin of life is demonstrably more plausible than previously thought.
"Overall, we found that his principles and mechanisms are sound, and although we didn't experimentally demonstrate his theory all the way, self-replication via crystal growth and scission should be sufficient for Darwinian evolution," he says. "This is because DNA tile crystals can be programmed to process information during growth, allowing them to adapt to their environment. Our findings could even form the basis of novel molecular technologies for making complex self-replicating nanoscale objects."
Their new research found that it is possible to design a mechanism for copying chemical information very accurately without relying on biological enzymes to assemble and separate sequence copies. Instead, the researchers relied only on simple kinds of attachments—molecular binding and unbinding reactions that they designed—and mechanical forces.
Having shown that information can be made to chemically self-replicate, says Schulman, the question becomes, what kinds of messages can be copied in this way?
"Our theoretical work suggests that not just linear sequences but also patterns in two dimensions, similar to wallpaper patterns that repeat every so often, could also be replicated," she says.
The crystals used in the study simply copied information verbatim from layer to layer as they grew, which in itself is insufficient to kick-start a Darwinian evolutionary process. But crystal growth that produces complex patterns resulting in 2- or 3-dimensional structures would, in this context, correspond to a rudimentary "genotype-phenotype" relationship, thereby enriching the Darwinian evolutionary process by introducing complex forms that would be subject to selective pressures, Winfree says.
"Our findings show that there is a bewildering variety of imaginable ways that chemical systems could self-replicate and evolve," he says. "This really puts into question whether or not the way biology does things now is the only possible way that life could be organized on a molecular level."
The PNAS study, "Robust self-replication of combinatorial information via crystal growth and scission," was funded by the Miller Institute of Basic Science, the National Science Foundation, and a National Aeronautics and Space Administration astrobiology grant. Bernard Yurke, a Distinguished Research Fellow at Boise State in Idaho, is also a coauthor of the paper.
What makes a piece of armor effective? Sure, it needs to be strong, and it should be lightweight. But what is it about a material's composition that gives it such properties? And can we develop materials that provide even better protection? With decades' worth of investment and preparation, Caltech engineers are particularly well equipped to address such questions as part of a new Army-funded program to improve protective gear and vehicles for soldiers.
The U.S. Army Research Laboratory recently announced that it would provide up to $90 million to a consortium of researchers—led by engineers at Johns Hopkins University's newly created Extreme Materials Institute—to investigate what happens to protective materials during intense impact. The collaboration includes engineers from national laboratories, private industry, and four universities—Caltech, Johns Hopkins, Rutgers University, and the University of Delaware.
"Here at Caltech we have developed a very unique expertise and one-of-a-kind tools for trying to understand the behavior of structural materials across all scales," says Kaushik Bhattacharya, Caltech's lead in the army effort and the Howell N. Tyson, Sr., Professor of Mechanics and professor of materials science. "What the army recognizes is that such understanding can play a significant role in speeding up the process of developing new materials—a process that can take up to 20 years with standard methods."
Six engineers and applied scientists from Caltech's Division of Engineering and Applied Science will collaborate on the new project, focusing initially on magnesium alloys and boron carbide ceramics. Magnesium alloys—known by car buffs thanks to their incorporation into the wheels of fancy cars—are extremely strong, tough, and lightweight. But like most traditional alloys, they have been made empirically—that is, someone realized that by adding just so much aluminum, a little bit of zinc, and so on, they would wind up with a much stronger product than magnesium alone. No one has worked out the science explaining exactly why those small additions change the properties of the material, and so it's difficult to say if the alloys are performing at their peak or if the "recipe" could be improved.
"Right now we don't have a predictive model for designing advanced materials," Bhattacharya says. "We have some theories that guide us, but they really are not fully predictive."
Developing the level of understanding needed to create such a predictive tool is an incredibly complex problem that requires engineers and applied scientists to tap into their knowledge of multiple disciplines. They must understand the mechanics across length scales from the subnanometer level—units smaller than billionths of meters—all the way to materials that can be measured in meters. They also need to understand how materials behave across timescales from femtoseconds—millionths of billionths of seconds—up to seconds, and at various temperatures and pressures.
"You have to somehow understand this complete hierarchy and how all of these pieces fit together," says Bhattacharya. "And you have to understand how all of the levels of hierarchy change during a high-velocity impact, such as when a bullet hits armor or a missile strikes a vehicle."
Part of that requires understanding how the defects in a material will behave. It would be relatively easy to model a metal with a perfect crystal configuration—where all of its atoms line up to form an ideal lattice. But as materials scientists like to say, "Crystals are like people: it is the defects in them which tend to make them interesting." These defects, such as missing atoms and misalignments, can confer beneficial properties upon the material, giving it greater strength or ductility, for example. But they also add a level of complexity; changing the placement of a single atom can have a large effect on the rest of the material.
Along with Bhattacharya, William Goddard III, Dennis Kochmann, and Michael Ortiz will work on the theory side of the problem, using a range of tools developed at Caltech over the last two decades to accurately model the behavior of materials from the subatomic level all the way to the scale of bulk materials.
On the experimental side, Guruswami Ravichandran will investigate how a material deforms, or changes shape, at different scales and temperatures when struck by a high-speed projectile. Meanwhile, Julia Greer will look at the deformation and mechanical properties of materials at the nanoscale.
"When you have a large chunk of a metal, such as magnesium, it deforms under certain known conditions. But if you make a very small sample of the same metal, it's going to have very different mechanical characteristics," says Greer. "So if you're planning on utilizing nanotechnology at all in a production application, you need to know first what your material's properties are at its various scales. We will provide that experimental data."
In addition to their participation in the army's extreme-materials project, Caltech engineers are working on several other programs focused on multiscale modeling of materials and the development of damage-tolerant materials. Ortiz is the principal investigator and director of Caltech's Predictive Science Academic Alliance Program Center, sponsored by the National Nuclear Security Administration, which focuses on the hypervelocity impacts of metallic projectiles. For his part, Ravichandran is heading up a new Center of Excellence funded by the Air Force Research Laboratory; it will look at the physics of what happens to materials ranging from sands to layered composites when they are suddenly struck by a powerful force and deform quickly.
"When you take these major projects together, you see that studying materials in very extreme conditions is an area where Caltech engineering really stand out," says Bhattacharya. "The tools we bring, on both the theoretical and experimental sides uniquely bridge deep fundamental principles with unprecedented application."
PASADENA, Calif.—For those who study earthquakes, one major challenge has been trying to understand all the physics of a fault—both during an earthquake and at times of "rest"—in order to know more about how a particular region may behave in the future. Now, researchers at the California Institute of Technology (Caltech) have developed the first computer model of an earthquake-producing fault segment that reproduces, in a single physical framework, the available observations of both the fault's seismic (fast) and aseismic (slow) behavior.
"Our study describes a methodology to assimilate geologic, seismologic, and geodetic data surrounding a seismic fault to form a physical model of the cycle of earthquakes that has predictive power," says Sylvain Barbot, a postdoctoral scholar in geology at Caltech and lead author of the study.
A paper describing their model—the result of a Caltech Tectonics Observatory (TO) collaborative study by geologists and geophysicists from the Institute's Division of Geological and Planetary Sciences and engineers from the Division of Engineering and Applied Science—appears in the May 11 edition of the journal Science.
"Previous research has mostly either concentrated on the dynamic rupture that produces ground shaking or on the long periods between earthquakes, which are characterized by slow tectonic loading and associated slow motions—but not on both at the same time," explains study coauthor Nadia Lapusta, professor of mechanical engineering and geophysics at Caltech. Her research group developed the numerical methods used in making the new model. "In our study, we model the entire history of an earthquake-producing fault and the interaction between the fast and slow deformation phases."
Using previous observations and laboratory findings, the team—which also included coauthor Jean-Philippe Avouac, director of the TO—modeled an active region of the San Andreas Fault called the Parkfield segment. Located in central California, Parkfield produces magnitude-6 earthquakes every 20 years on average. They successfully created a series of earthquakes (ranging from magnitude 2 to 6) within the computer model, producing fault slip before, during, and after the earthquakes that closely matched the behavior observed in the past fifty years.
"Our model explains some aspects of the seismic cycle at Parkfield that had eluded us, such as what causes changes in the amount of time between significant earthquakes and the jump in location where earthquakes nucleate, or begin," says Barbot.
The paper also demonstrates that a physical model of fault-slip evolution, based on laboratory experiments that measure how rock materials deform in the fault core, can explain many aspects of the earthquake cycle—and does so on a range of time scales. "Earthquake science is on the verge of building models that are based on the actual response of the rock materials as measured in the lab—models that can be tailored to reproduce a broad range of available observations for a given region," says Lapusta. "This implies we are getting closer to understanding the physical laws that govern how earthquakes nucleate, propagate, and arrest."
She says that they may be able to use models much like the one described in the Science paper to forecast the range of potential earthquakes on a fault segment, which could be used to further assess seismic hazard and improve building designs.
Avouac agrees. "Currently, seismic hazard studies rely on what is known about past earthquakes," he says. "However, the relatively short recorded history may not be representative of all possibilities, especially rare extreme events. This gap can be filled with physical models that can be continuously improved as we learn more about earthquakes and laws that govern them."
"As computational resources and methods improve, dynamic simulations of even more realistic earthquake scenarios, with full account for dynamic interactions among faults, will be possible," adds Barbot.
The Science study, "Under the Hood of the Earthquake Machine; Toward Predictive Modeling of the Seismic Cycle," was funded by grants from the Gordon and Betty Moore Foundation, the National Science Foundation, and the Southern California Earthquake Center.
What's it like to build an entire research program from scratch? It's all about becoming part of a community, according to three brand-new professors:
"It's very important to generate an environment where people help each other." —André Hoelz
"I have two challenges getting started here. One is bringing in students and postdocs, and the other is fostering a connection between economics and computer science." —Katrina Ligett
"It is not traditionally a field Caltech has done. . . . So when I was looking at coming to Caltech, the idea of being 'the oceanographer' was an exciting prospect.' —Andrew Thompson
Read "From the Ground Up" in the Spring 2012 issue of Caltech's Engineering & Science magazine.
Jared R. Leadbetter, professor of environmental microbiology, has been elected a fellow of the American Academy of Microbiology. Fellows of the academy are elected annually through a selective, peer-review process based on their records of scientific achievement and original contributions that have advanced microbiology.
Leadbetter's research seeks to clarify the form, function, and spatial distribution of diverse microbes in their environment. His past studies have focused on the cultivation of microbial strains possessing unusual, atypical, or previously unrecognized properties, and have sought to reveal the impact of these organisms on their given environment.
There are over 2,000 fellows of the American Academy of Microbiology, representing all subspecialties of microbiology, including basic and applied research, teaching, public health, industry, and government service.
Anyone anywhere can watch one of Caltech's most popular courses on machine learning, complete with live lectures, beginning April 3. Every Tuesday and Thursday throughout the spring term, Yaser Abu-Mostafa, professor of electrical engineering and computer science at Caltech, will deliver lectures for his Learning From Data class live on Caltech's Ustream channel. Course material will be available on Dr. Abu-Mustafa's website, so that no matter where a viewer is, they can experience the class—both the lectures and the coursework.
"The idea is that if people in the furthest reaches of the world want to learn the material and have the discipline to go through it, we are giving them the opportunity to experience this course in real time," Abu-Mostafa says. "We will be interested to see how this experiment goes."
With 18, one-hour lectures scheduled, the course will cover basic theory, algorithms, and applications of machine learning—the discipline that deals with enhancing the ability of computational systems to learn from data, enabling them to improve their performance with experience. Examples of machine learning applications include systems used by banks to determine whether to approve applications for credit cards based on financial data, and the Netflix system that tries to anticipate how much a given subscriber will enjoy a particular movie.
For more information on the course and to register as an online participant, click here. Recorded lectures and course materials will also be available for download as an iTunes U course for viewing on Apple mobile devices here.


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Can I ask why you particularly favour this structure ?
Can I ask why you particularly favour this structure ?
i wanted to ask that question podz but i rarely get a logical answer :p
I'm not sure what his reasons are, but I can see favoring this technique when truly unique permalinks are needed. There was some hubbub about using permalinks as Atom IDs, and the general consensus was that you shouldn't, because permalinks, based on titles, are subject to change. Well, ID numbers can also be subject to change as you change blog systems, and can be confusing or require lots of translation tables between number systems. However, the time stamp is unique. You aren't going to make two posts in one second, and there is no reason to go back and change the time stamp later, like you might do with a title.
Anyway, I think it does sound like a pretty good way to do permalinks, and you could make a good case for using that permalink as an Atom ID, which would be handy.
Morgaine... Let me know where the code is that you were looking at, I'll take a look too, maybe I can come up with something.. (don't hold your breath, but at least I'll take a look).
Well, I believe I've already mentioned in the initial post in this thread why I favour this structure (third paragraph). I also want to be able to post entries without title. When I would use the
%postname% without entering a title, a blank would be returned, hence no permalink would be available. There's always a post time, as opposed to a title.
For selfish reasons I would like to be able to use timestamps only as well. Took me a while to figure out how to convert my MT blog from using IDs to using a future proof uri, and for the same reasons mentioned above, I opted to use timestamps only (well, I made the mistake to have 'index' at the end of my permalinks, even though the posts are accessible without the 'index' at the end, but I could correct this if WordPress provided the option of using timestamps only)
I would be able to put the WP blog at the exact same location my MT blog is at the moment and nobody would note the difference (well, as far as permalink structure is concerned, I would use the occasion to make some minor design changes, write a post about my move to WP, link to WP and advertise it as being the alternative to MT).
'he' actually is a 'she' :-) but you hit the nail on the spot, I think timestamps are the identifier that is most unique and at the same time portable to other blogging applications.
As for the code, let me reference the excellent PHP Cross Reference of WordPress 1.2 (Mingus) and more specifically the function url_to_postid and function the_permalink.
Hope that helps (might be wrong as I know only slightly more than nothing about PHP),
Kind regards,
Well, guess I AM the only one ... seems I'm out of luck. *sob*
This topic has been closed to new replies.

subset: commoncrawl


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Can someone please help me out?
Hi my name is Stacia, and I am 21 years old. On June 24th I gave birth to my second son. He was perfect in every way, so peacefully he entered the world sleeping. I was 38 ½...
Started by Stacia on 10/27/2009 in Mom's Who Have Lost A Baby~ Angel Babies
Last update on 03/12/2010 by Laila


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The panel studying last month's massacre at Virginia Tech will go to court if necessary to get gunman Seung-Hui Cho's medical and mental health records, the group's chairman said Tuesday.
Former State Police Superintendent W. Gerald Massengill told the Richmond Times-Dispatch that he thinks the records can be gotten by citing a law that requires state oversight of mental facilities and by arguing that it has a right to review counseling records that Virginia Tech may have on Cho.
"We're going to get what we need, one way or the other," Massengill said, a day after Tech officials said federal privacy laws bar them from sharing the records.
Massengill said he reached his conclusion about the possibility of getting the records after discussions with the state attorney general's office.
If that fails, he said, "We'll have to go to the courts."
Cho killed 27 students and five professors before committing suicide April 16.
Cho was found "mentally ill and in need of hospitalization" in December 2005, according to court papers. A judge ordered him into involuntary outpatient treatment, but because of privacy laws, Tech police received no notice that he complied.
University counsel Kay Heidbreder said the laws, even for someone who is deceased, mean the records cannot be shared even among departments at the university.
As it is constituted, the panel cannot issue subpoenas to compel testimony and obtain documents. Delacey Skinner — a spokeswoman for Gov. Timothy Kaine, who convened the panel — said the governor has assured members the attorney general will help them get information.
Va. Tech Panel Wants Cho's Records
© 2007 The Associated Press. All Rights Reserved. This material may not be published, broadcast, rewritten, or redistributed.


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It appeared Hillstrom was having some sort of episode in the parking lot of their University Place apartment complex. Neighbor Ashley Patterson said he was walking around in a circle asking for help.
"I see four officers walking up on him and they're like, 'It's the police,' and he's like 'You're not the police', and he goes to run in the circle and as soon as he comes back the police use four tasers at one time," Patterson said.
She said officers continued to tase him, and once they had him on the ground an officer used a flashlight to strike Hillstrom several times. Multiple residents told KOMO 4 a similar story, and several people also shot video of the incident on their cell phones.
Hillstrom died soon after being subdued. Witnesses say they saw him with a screw driver in one hand, but say he didn't use it to threaten law enforcement.
"Without seeing the whole entire incident in context, you're not going to know why that was happening. They, officers all that were there, are all on paid administrative leave while we review it and look into it and determine what happened. Whether there's a way we could do it better or if somebody did something that wasn't appropriate," said Ed Troyer with the Pierce County Sheriff's Office.
Troyer claims the Pierce County Medical Examiner found no blows to Hillstrom's head. However, the Medical Examiner's Office said the autopsy is not complete.


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XE Market Analysis: Asia - Jul 26, 2016By: XE Market Analysis
The dollar made up some ground in N.Y. trade on Tuesday, with a combination of better incoming U.S. data, and pre-FOMC short covering the driving factors. Earnings misses weighed some on Wall Street, while yields were slightly firmer in front of the Fed. Read more


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4A girls basketball state tournament capsules
Maple Mountain Golden Eagles (15-6)
Coach: Cory Green
How qualified: Finished in a second-place tie with Timpanogos in Region 8 at 10-4, but heads into the playoffs as the No. 3 seed after the region tiebreaker procedure.
Playoff opener: vs. Bountiful, Monday, 2:30 p.m. (At SLCC)
Best preseason victory: A 51-31 win against American Fork on Dec. 13.
Best region victory: A 50-39 win at Salem Hills on Jan. 27.
Top contributors
Aleksa Gappmayer, Jr., Guard (13.1 ppg)
Sadie Williams, Sr., Forward (7.5 ppg)
Baylee Nielsen, Sr., Center (6.5 ppg)
Kelsey Lewis, Sr., Guard (5.9 ppg)
Kara Betts, Sr., Center (5.5 ppg)
Scoring offense: 46.5 ppg (16th in 4A)
Scoring defense: 37.5 ppg (3rd in 4A)
Last state championship: None
Prep editor James Edward's bracket: Loss to Skyline in quarterfinals.
Mountain Crest Mustangs (12-8)
Coach: Candace Thornton
How qualified: Finished in a second-place tie in Region 5 with Sky View at 7-3, but won the coin toss to claim the No. 2 seed.
Playoff opener: vs. Hillcrest, Monday, 4:10 p.m. (At SLCC)
Best preseason victory: A 62-57 win at Alta on Dec. 30.
Best region victory: A 57-49 win against Sky View on Jan. 17.
Top contributors
Karlee Kartchner, Sr. (22.9 ppg)
Emily Moore, Sr. (11.0 ppg)
McKenzie Anderson, Jr. (6.0 ppg)
Katie Wallentine, Jr. (5.6 ppg)
Kenzie Rasmussen, Jr. (3.5 ppg)
Scoring offense: 56.1 ppg (3rd in 4A)
Scoring defense: 49.9 ppg (20th in 4A)
Last state championship: None
Prep editor James Edward's bracket: Loss to Salem Hills in quarterfinals.
Olympus Titans (10-10)
Coach: Kael Ashton
How qualified: Finished fourth in Region 7 with a 5-5 record
Playoff opener: vs. Bonneville, Monday, 11:10 a.m. (At SLCC)
Best preseason victory: A 59-55 win at Hunter on Jan. 6.
Best region victory: A 47-40 win against Westlake on Jan. 20.
Top contributors
Rachel Vandertoolen, So., Forward (11.9 ppg)
Jennifer Nichols, Sr., Guard (9.0 ppg)
Kenzie Droubay, Sr., Forward (7.8 ppg)
Lilly Besler, Sr., Center (3.4 ppg)
Jessie Mahas, Jr., Guard (2.0 ppg)
Scoring offense: 42.8 ppg (20th in 4A)
Scoring defense: 40.8 ppg (6th in 4A)
Last state championship: 2000


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Date: 1961-01-08
Description: Richard and Dorothy Trameri and Marguerite and Wesley Burke talk on the edge of the dance floor.
Date: 1960-10-05
Description: Members of the Madison Society for the Advancement of Management (SAM) meet at the Towne Club, 306 W. Mifflin Street. Shown (from left to right) are Richar...
Date: 1960-12-20
Description: St. Dunstan's Episcopal church's Christmas activities include special children's activities. Children will decorate a tree and receive presents from St. Ni...
Date: 1945-04-26
Description: Six scouts, all members of Den 1, Pack 309, of the Lapham School Cub Scouts, with a toy circus displayed in the window of the F.W. Karstens store, 24 North...
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Description: Part of the group of eighty-two Madison mail clerks and carriers write their promotional exam to qualify for supervisory jobs. Standing are V.K. Peterman (...
Date: 1994
Description: Mary Lou Munts, a member of the Wisconsin Assembly, and Congressman David R. Obey at a fundraiser for Obey at the Madison Club.
Description: Members of the Madison Society for the Advancement of Management (SAM) meet at the Towne Club, 306 W. Mifflin Street. Shown (left to right) are Frank H. Re...
Date: 1944-07-24
Description: Governor Walter Goodland is holding two of ten puppies during the League of Women Voters garden party at the Governor's Residence. Shown with the Governor...
Date: 1874 ca.
Description: Studio portrait of A.L. Dahl's brother, Nels.
Date: 1947-03-07
Description: Isora Wilson, 432 N. Murray Street, has a collection of turnip dolls that she has made to resemble Charles Dickens' characters Pickwick and Scrooge.
Date: 1950-09-12
Description: Three of "The Four Horsemen of Notre Dame" attend a farewell dinner for Harry Stuhldreher at the Maple Bluff Country Club, twenty-six years after they help...
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Description: Portrait of William E. Huntley, fireman for the Northwestern Railroad, present 7th ward city council representative and city council president. Huntley is...
Description: View across street towards people posing in front of the Brown and Nevin Livery, Boarding and Stables at 508 State Street. There are trees along the sidewa...
Date: 1958 ca.
Description: Upper part of the front facade of the University of Wisconsin-Madison Camp Randall Field House. There is a "W" symbol near the peak.
Date: 1954-07-28
Description: Two United Givers campaign fund officials inspect a Boy Scout project, a model log home. Left to right: William E. Corder, Scout executive; F. Leon Sanna,...
Date: 1978-07-27
Description: Mother's hand is too late as a baby is slipping and falling into the water in the Hagenah Fountain on Library Mall at the University of Wisconsin-Madison c...
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On Second Thought is a one-hour, daily news talk show that airs at 9 a.m. ET weekdays.
Learn why Lewis' reputation is at risk as a new string of murders recalls an old case, now reopened. Sunday, July 31 at 9 PM
National Signing Day is over and the reigning AAAAAA Champions, the Colquitt County Packers, had 25 players sign letters of intent on National Signing Day. I had a chance to go one-on-one with Head... MORE
Make your secure online donation at GPB.org.
Fri., October 11, 2013 7:00am
FBI Contacts Ethics Commission Attorney
An attorney for the state ethics commission who raised concerns about the agency's handling of complaints against Gov. Nathan Deal has been contacted "several times" by the FBI. That's according to attorney Brian J. Sutherland, who is representing ethics commission attorney Elisabeth Murray-Obertein.
Full Story
Thu., October 10, 2013 5:00am
Deal Blames 'Personal Agendas' For Ethics Issues
Gov. Nathan Deal spoke to reporters Wednesday after an ex-ethics commission computer specialist told local media outlets he was asked to alter and remove dozens of documents in a case involving the governor. The former employee says he didn't examine the documents closely, but he believes they included financial information.
Wed., October 9, 2013 5:00am
Docs Altered In Deal Ethics Case?
A former Georgia ethics commission computer specialist says he altered and removed dozens of documents in a case involving the governor. The documents came from the file for the investigation into complaints accusing Gov. Nathan Deal of misusing campaign funds in the 2010 election.
Thu., May 17, 2012 2:59pm
Ethics Complaint Filed Against Balfour
A leader of the Atlanta Tea Party has filed a new ethics complaint against state Sen. Don Balfour over reimbursements he claimed for government work.
Fri., December 16, 2011 4:27am
More Time For Judge To Answer Ethics Charges
A powerful south Georgia judge who is facing misconduct allegations has more time to respond to ethics violations. the Judicial Qualifications Commission gave Brunswick Superior Court Judge Amanda Williams until Jan. 11 to answer the charges.
Wed., December 2, 2009 9:00pm
State House Dems Eyeing Ethics Complaint Against Speaker
Speaker Glenn Richardson is being targeted after allegations he had an affa
Mon., October 26, 2009 6:48am
Hundreds of State Workers Violate Ethics Rules
A ban on gifts over $25 is routinely ignored and the violators go unpunishe
Wed., October 7, 2009 11:01am
Congressman Deal Ends Business with State
Republican Congressman and gubernatorial candidate Nathan Deal has ended a


text:
Autopsy released in invasion at MMA fighter's home
LAS CRUCES, N.M. (AP) — Authorities have released an autopsy report on a man who deputies say was stabbed to death [auth] by a professional mixed martial artist during a suspected home invasion.
The report released by the Office of the Medical Examiner on Thursday says 25-year-old Sal Garces was suffered four stab wounds to the chest, which injured his heart and left lung.
A toxicology report also says Garces had a blood alcohol level of 0.13.
Deputies say Torrez fatally stabbed Garces after he and two others forced their way into Torrez's mobile home.
Torrez has not been charged, nor has he been formally cleared of any crime.
Four people face charges in connection with the case.
After the stabbing, Torrez's attorney says he moved from the area for his family's safety.
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Released: Mar 03rd, 2009
Running Time: 90 Min.
Director: Alex DeLarge (I)
Company: HIS
Distribution Companies: LFP, Inc.
DVD Extras: Still Gallery(ies), Trailer(s)
Cast: Alexandre Senna, Rick Soares, Kaua, Yago Ribeiro, Alexsander Cavalcante, Felipe Martins, Bruno Stygmata, Renny Castro, Allan William, Kaike Monttany
Genre: Gay and Bi
Armed with a hard on and an eager pucker, these boys take it as hard as they give it. There is no turning back when they take it to the extreme limits. It's cum splashing mayhem, when ass hungry boys go deep inside each other! The first stroke is the deepest


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Internal Organizing In Project Business Organization In Relation To Customer Relationships
This paper focuses on multinational project business organization and how the customer relationship is organized in such context. Organizing is used as a concept to describe the internal actions needed for creating a unified understanding of the customer. The present paper employs process research strategy in a single case study setting with two embedded subunits. The case company is a provider of process technologies for the mining and metals industry. The primary empirical data consists of interviews done with the managers of a mining technology company in different organizational units and levels.
Provided by: University of Oulu Topic: CXO Date Added: Jun 2010 Format: PDF


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I've searched for some solutions in other threads, actually thought I had it and fixed it, but now the issue seems to have returned. I'm trying to copy my main website's layout (link) into my website's WP blog (link). As you can see I'm almost done.
The one thing I can't figure out is how to arrange my footer widgets horizontally. The rightmost one keeps sneaking under the one to its left. I've tried to add
display: inline-block; to
.site-footer .widget (something I'm sure worked a few days ago) but it's not doing anything now.
Based on a suggestion in another similar thread I also looked in functions.js at the masonry code for the footer. But I was only able to set the width and space between the widgets there, as far as I can tell.
I've also tried increasing the widget's
min-height to force the widget back to the right column, but that only puts it further below and messes up the whole layout.
Any suggestions on how to solve this?


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Maybe we can both luck out and it'll turn into another Smoltz for Alexander trade, where Price puts Toronto over the top, and we get a guy who's great for the next 15 years.
Type: Posts; User: Zander 77
Maybe we can both luck out and it'll turn into another Smoltz for Alexander trade, where Price puts Toronto over the top, and we get a guy who's great for the next 15 years.
Rip in peace Mario :(
You haven't been following this team for very long if you actually have to ask that question :p
And hey, I just read Ryan Perry is in Toledo now, so have no fear, bullpen help is on the way! :rollseyes:
Yeah, Lobbie buckled down and kept us in it.
Yeah, this kid looks pretty good.
Washington can have him at 7 years.
Wouldn't mind trading for Fister back though. Haha
As far as the bullpen, don't forget Soria SHOULD be healthy, and much better than what we saw last year. And as bad as he was, Nathan did still have a decent year as far as closing out games, even...
Then whoever is pretending to play center leads off I don't know I'm not a professional.
Hey now, you ALL talked about how bad Porcello was going to be. Get the hell off my train, I was the only pro-Porcello one in here
Porcello finally gets traded to the Cubs? Lol
At least we can trade one in three of them for a washed up shortstop two years from now.
So the Yankees were good enough to not have a protected first round pick next year, right? So when Max signs there after turning down our QO, we'll get another first round pick right?
I mean, not...
May as well be Baltimore. Then the "best" team won, it's not either of those stupid NL teams, and it's not a central team that isn't Detroit. I wouldn't be super upset if KC won it either. Just not...
^Agreed about Max. I've said all along he'd end up in New York. They're welcome to him and the contract he might be worth for the first two years, but it wouldn't surprise me to see Victor back next...
Believe JD is under contract for one more season.
Well if we can at least get it to a game 5, anything can happen...so works for me.
Well on the bright side....all we need are a pair of shut outs from Price and Porcello to get to a game five.
And of course it's Delmon ******* Young.
./ sigh
Sanchez for the rest of the game. Screw the bullpen.
Now if KC can just somehow beat the Angels, we might actually make the WS this season.
So anyone else with me in thinking we can all forgive Nathan's awful season if he has a shut down post season?
If Rajai is out, we might actually be doomed.


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Committee gets testimony on tar sands pipelineFebruary 19,2013The Associated Press
MONTPELIER — A committee of the Vermont House is hearing about the possible shipment of tar sands oil on a pipeline that crosses northern Vermont.
The CEO of the Portland Pipeline Company, which owns the line, is due to appear Tuesday before the House Committee on Fish, Wildlife and Water Resources.
Larry Wilson said in recent legislative testimony that he would welcome an opportunity to reverse the flow of the Montreal-to-Portland pipeline, but he currently knows of no plans to do so.
Environmental groups have been warning of the likelihood that tar sands would be shipped through Vermont.
The committee is weighing whether Vermont's Act 250 land-use law should apply to the shipment of heavy oil through the state.MORE IN This Just InSPRINGFIELD Springfield residents will be asked next month during Market Madness for their... Full StoryPHILADELPHIA Many delegates from Vermont arrived at the Democratic National Convention this... Full StoryI could feel the groan rising inside me as I read the subject line of the press release in my... Full Story
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Pregnancy: Bleeding During the First Trimester Center - Tallahassee, FL
- WebMD Physician Directory of Tallahassee Doctors
- Related Pregnancy: Bleeding During the First Trimester Articles
- Tallahassee Emergency Contacts
- Nearby Tallahassee Hospitals
- Find a Local Pharmacy on RxList - Tallahassee
Tallahassee Doctors and Specialists for Pregnancy: Bleeding During the First Trimester
Pregnancy: Bleeding During the First Trimester
Bleeding during the first trimester overview
If you have vaginal bleeding during the first three months of pregnancy, alarm bells may go off in your head. You may be worried that something bad is happening t...!--*ICCChunk-3862*-->
Read the Pregnancy: Bleeding During the First Trimester article »
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Emergency Contact for Tallahassee
- In case of Emergency, call 911
Nearby Tallahassee Hospitals results
- 1Tallahassee Memorial Healthcare
1300 Miccosukee Rd
Tallahassee, Florida 32308
(850) 431-115
- 2Healthsouth Rehab Hospital
1675 Riggins Rd
Tallahassee, Florida 32308
(850) 656-480
- 3Capital Regional Medical Center
2626 Capital Medical Blvd
Tallahassee, Florida 32308
(850) 325-500
- 4Eastside Psychiatric Hospital
2634 Capital Cir NE
Tallahassee, Florida 32308
(850) 523-330
- 5Grady General Hospital
1155 5th St SE
Tallahassee, Florida 39828
(229) 377-115
- 6Southwestern State Hospital
400 S Pinetree Blvd
Tallahassee, Florida 31792
(229) 227-270
- 7John D Archbold Mem Hosp
915 Gordon Ave
Tallahassee, Florida 31792
(229) 228-200
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By using the WebMD Provider Directory, you agree to these Terms and Conditions.


text: Posted September 3, 2012 Edwards at UT or McClain at UT? Fua cannot play the 1 tech, that is obvious, but he may develop at he 3. McClain was relegated to the 1, he failed and failed against 3rd teamers when we played Pittsburgh. I very well may be wrong but Dwan will post more numbers than McClain could have dreamed of at the 3 tech. If McClain succeeds, it will be at the 3 tech, he doesn't have the motor to be an NFL NT. No offense, but that is what I believe bra. To answer your question. Um, At this point in time. Dwan at UT is the right choice. D. Edwards has proved to be somewhat successful at that position. His numbers are very decent. Again, only concern with me about him is age. That's all. It's just that is we are going to swallow some pills that are, hard to swallow. Like letting go of a 3rd round pick. Might as well do it for everyone. Mainly another Edwards that's not named Ron or Dwan. Also a guy who wears #7. No offense taken at all. You weren't being offensive at all or had an undermining tone. Share this post Link to post Share on other sites


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Top 10 New Outdoor Toys for Summer
5 of 11
Cook n Play Outdoor BBQ Playset
Your child can model Mom and Dad's skills as a gourmet griller with this Little Tikes' grill for kids. Just like a real-life fancy outdoor kitchen, the set includes a sink, fridge, and pizza oven, plus play food and grill tools. Recommended for ages 1-4.
Price: $70.00


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Mario Radice6 works / 0 ebooks Search for books with subject Mario Radice.
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Wednesday, March 06, 2013
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Court refuses to stay release of film 'JOLLY L.L.B.'
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Sandwich Mondays
Sandwich Monday: Defining 'Sandwich'
Many of you have rightfully noted that the various abominations we eat on Mondays do not always fit into the traditional definition of "sandwich." I'd like to share our philosophy on this matter.
For a long time, we've used The Neuhaus Rule: a sandwich is defined as protein encased in bread product. This definition allows us to explore the widest possible wasteland of cuisine.
But for the few foods that don't fit under The Neuhaus Rule, we also observe The Sandwich Draft Principle. We feel that if a food doesn't belong to any other food category (spoons made of chicken, 7-11 Chicken Batons), we can draft it onto the Sandwich Team.
If you see through these definitions as the weak rationalizations they most certainly are, or if you've got your own definition, let us know.
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For the next several weeks, artichokes will be at their peak. From March to May, you'll find the best artichokes at the market - and with very good prices.
Recently, my hubby surprised me with a new commercial quality compressor-style ice cream and gelato maker.
Of course, you can always give the one you love a box of assorted chocolates or a big bouquet of flowers for Valentine's Day. Perhaps you'd rather take in a movie or enjoy a romantic dinner at your favorite restaurant.
It's been a few years since I've written about tagines, which is the name for those spicy, aromatic stews of North African and the cone-shaped, knob-handled cooking vessels in which they are cooked.
My idea of the perfect meal in winter is soup. Served from a tureen set in the middle of the supper table, it can be as formal or relaxed a dish as you wish, depending on the kind of soup you choose to prepare.
At Sunday's 23rd annual Volunteers in Medicine Lowcountry Soup Challenge, held at Hilton Head Island Westin Resort & Spa, soup lovers could enjoy all the soup they cared to eat for a modest $20.
Now that the holidays are over and along with it the lavish meals, extravagant desserts and unrestrained indulging, most of us are ready to get back to some simple eating, like that offered in a bowl of homemade beef stew.
As I've mentioned before, I only use my bread machine for making bread dough. Everything gets tossed into the machine's canister and then the machine works its magic.
Recently, I shared my favorite recipe for rolled sugar cookies, describing the ways in which I find them the ideal "canvas" for decorating.
Sinking your teeth into one of Cris Richardson's "Sugar Plum Fairy Bars," first-place winner in the Bar Cookie Category, is as good as being welcomed into the Land of Sweets by the Sugar Plum Fairy herself, a character from Tchaikovsky's "The Nutcracker" ballet.
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Spicy Oven Baked Beef Ribs
|Beef short ribs
|2 Small
|2 Medium
|8 Clove (40 gm), minced
|Cumin powder
|2 Tablespoon
|2 Tablespoon
|Black pepper
|2 Tablespoon
|For the glaze
|Chilli pepper
|4 Medium, dried (Guajillo or Panca (aji Colorado))
|Soaking liquid
|1⁄2 Cup (8 tbs)
|3 Clove (15 gm), peeled, halved
|1⁄4 Small
|1 Teaspoon
|Cumin powder
|1 Teaspoon
|1 Teaspoon
|Olive oil
|1 Tablespoon
|1⁄2 Cup (8 tbs)
|Cider vinegar
|1 Teaspoon
1. Take the rib rack. Place it on a flat surface with its back facing up.
2. Separate the membrane from a corner using a sharp knife.
3. Using a paper towel hold the membrane firmly and pull it off. Discard the membrane.
4. Remove excess fat from the ribs leaving very little.
5. Cut the lemons into half and squeeze half a lemon on each side of each rack.
6. Spread minced garlic evenly on all sides.
7. Sprinkle cumin, salt and pepper generously and rub it on the ribs.
8. Cover with a plastic wrap and place it in the fridge for at least 3 hours (ideal 24 hours).
9. Preheat the oven to 325 degrees F.
10. Dry roast the chillies either on direct flame or in a skillet till it forms blisters.
11. Transfer them into a bowl. Pour boiling water into it till covered.
12. Place a small plate or lid on the chillies to weigh them down. Soak for around 30 minutes.
13. Take a roasting pan and place the marinated ribs on it. Cover it with a foil.
14. Bake for 1 ½ hours. In the meanwhile prepare the glaze.
15. GLAZE: In a blender, remove the seeds and stem of soaked chillies and add them with ½ cup soaking liquid, garlic, onion, cumin, oregano and salt. Blend till smooth.
16. In a skillet, heat oil. Strain the paste into the skillet. Stir to mix well.
17. Pour the honey and vinegar. Mix well and let it simmer on low heat for around 10 minutes or till sauce reduces and thickens.
18. After 1 ½ or 1 ¾ hours, remove the ribs from the oven.
19. Brush ½ of the sauce/glaze generously over the ribs to cover them well.
20. Resume baking uncovered for 1 more hour.
21. Remove the ribs from the oven, brush with the remaining sauce and continue to bake for another hour.
22. Remove from the oven and let it sit for a few minutes before serving.
23. In a serving plate, slice the ribs and serve with bread, salad, mashed potatoes or any side dish of choice or serve as appetizer with choice of dip.
Recipe Summary
Rate It
Nutrition Rank
Nutrition Facts
Serving size
Calories 431 Calories from Fat 266
% Daily Value*
Total Fat 30 g45.5%
Saturated Fat 11.8 g59%
Trans Fat 0 g
Cholesterol 54.6 mg18.2%
Sodium 2310.1 mg96.3%
Total Carbohydrates 33 g10.9%
Dietary Fiber 3.1 g12.5%
Sugars 21.6 g
Protein 12 g24%
Vitamin A 4.7% Vitamin C 86.7%
Calcium 10.7% Iron 25.2%
*Based on a 2000 Calorie diet


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Tutoring Schedule & Locations
Visit us in Heavilon Hall 226, Purdue University, West Lafayette campus.
Schedule a tutoring appointment in our main Heavilon Hall location with our online scheduler. Our evening locations are closed for Summer 2016.
You can contact us by phone at 765-494-3723.
Summer 2016 Hours
Heavilon Hall
Monday - Thursday 9:00 AM - 4:00 PM
Friday 9:00 AM – 1:00 PM
Purdue Writing Lab Satellite Locations and Hours
All satellite locations are closed until Fall 2016.
Welcome to the Writing Lab at Purdue
Welcome to the Purdue Writing Lab web pages. These pages contain information for Writing Lab visitors on the West Lafayette campus. The pages include Writing Lab hours, satellite location hours, and contact information. This area also includes information on lab services, facilities, tutoring jobs, and policies. You will find messages from our directors, information about our coordinators, and information about awards and articles. In addition, we offer a Purdue Writing Lab fact sheet. You may explore this area by using the links located in the navigation bar on the left.
We update the Writing Lab pages often, and we hope you check back to get the information you need. If you have any questions, please contact us using the contact pages listed at the bottom of this page. If you are looking for the OWL writing resources, please go here.
The map below shows the Writing Lab location on Purdue's West Lafayette campus in Heavilon Hall, room 226:
If you would like to take a tour of the Purdue Writing Lab, please visit our YouTube Channel:
Purdue OWL: Welcome to the Purdue Writing Lab
Or you may download our quick tour slide presentation here.
For more information about tutoring services, see our Student FAQs page. For ideas for how to prepare for a tutoring session, see this video:
How Do You Prepare for a Visit to the Purdue Writing Lab?
Here are our mailing address and phone numbers:
Purdue Writing Lab
Department of English
Purdue University
500 Oval Drive
West Lafayette, IN 47907-2038
Phone: (765) 494-3723
Fax: (765) 494-3780
If you are looking for the Introductory Composition at Purdue (ICaP) website, you may click here.
Thank you,
Daniel Kenzie, Purdue OWL Coordinator


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Drink said to cause truck crashJanuary 28,2014Drink said to
cause truck crash
A shaken can of Red Bull, the popular energy drink, was blamed as the cause of a crash at the intersection of Route 4 and Town Line Road in Rutland Town on Sunday.
Vermont State Police say they were called to the intersection at 2:14 p.m. where a 2014 Chevrolet Tahoe had crashed into a mailbox owned by the Rocking Horse Store.
The driver of the truck, Peter Capkovic, 31, of Slovenska, Slovenia, told police he lost control of the vehicle when his friend opened a can of Red Bull and the beverage exploded all over the cab.
In the momentary confusion, the truck, a rental from Enterprise, veered into the oncoming lane before striking the mailbox.
No injuries were reported in the crash and only minor damage to the truck was reported, police said.MORE IN This Just InSPRINGFIELD Springfield residents will be asked next month during Market Madness for their... Full StoryPHILADELPHIA Many delegates from Vermont arrived at the Democratic National Convention this... Full StoryI could feel the groan rising inside me as I read the subject line of the press release in my... Full Story
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From Our Editors
For a taste of Ethiopian cuisine, make sure to try Queen Sheba Restaurant. Stop by Queen Sheba Restaurant and sample a variety of vegan eats. With this restaurant's wide selection of refreshments available, you can tap into the drink menu early in the evening. Gather the whole family for a trip to this restaurant — everyone will find something to like (even the pickiest little eater) on the menu here.
The restaurant also offers catering if you want to bring the flavors of Queen Sheba Restaurant to your next party or event. Meeting the gang for a movie? Pick up some food from this restaurant.
Take advantage of valet parking at Queen Sheba Restaurant's Broadway location, and don't waste time circling the block. Queen Sheba Restaurant offers outdoor bike racks for cyclists.
Whether you're hungry first thing in the morning or prefer to eat a little later, Queen Sheba Restaurant is conveniently open for breakfast, lunch, and dinner. For a true get-your-hands-messy Ethiopian experience, the fare at Queen Sheba Restaurant is what you want.


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In This Section
Journal Forum
A Meta-Analysis of High Resolution Audio Perceptual Evaluation - June 2016
2 comments
Synthetic Reverberator - January 1960
3 comments
Sound Board: High-Resolution Audio - October 2015
4 comments
AES E-Library
Newly Established IEC Standard on Audio Quality Measurement of Personal Computers
A new IEC standard on audio quality measurement of personal computers (PCs) was published in December 2005, entitled IEC 61606-4 "Audio and audiovisual equipment - Digital audio parts - Basic measurement methods of audio characteristics - Part 4: Personal computer." That standard prescribes methods for measuring PC audio quality, taking into account the requirements of measuring conditions of PCs. Furthermore, a new measure of audio signal quality, short-term distortion, was introduced to describe PC-specific noise problems. This paper presents an outline of that standard.
Click to purchase paper as a non-member or login as an AES member. If your company or school subscribes to the E-Library then switch to the institutional version. If you are not an AES member and would like to subscribe to the E-Library then Join the AES!
This paper costs $33 for non-members and is temporarily free for AES members.
Learn more about the AES E-Library
Start a discussion about this paper!


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iHerb Customer Reviews
Savings of: ₴9.02 (6% off)
Sorry, this product is no longer in stock.
coconut aminos addict
Posted by 5219788476217161666 on Jul 10, 2013
its so yummy, I eat it just with rice or salads or on a tomato! I also mix it with sweetener & place it over quinoa as salty& sweet dessert! I buy by 3's as this company tends to run out of stock, I buy them from Iherb now, faster & cheaper shipping fees!
Add flavor
Posted by Reviewer2249741 on May 25, 2013
Replaces soy sauce, flavors meats - yummy.
Amazing soy souce substitute
Posted by Reviewer3218889 on Jun 12, 2013
I love this product! So tasty and much better for you than soy souce. I am a convert.
Posted by Reviewer1716020 on Sep 03, 2010
While it doesnt taste exactly like soy sauce it is a great replacement for those who can't have soy!
Yummy aminos
Posted by GallaChiro on Oct 28, 2010
The best yummy taste! Use on ezekiel toast and salads and everything! Hard to find in stores and twice the price of iherb. I am addicted!
soy sauce replacement
Posted by Reviewer1438072 on Nov 07, 2010
so many raw food receipes call for soy sauce..that is so bad.. This makes a great healty replacement..
What a surprise!
Posted by Reviewer2528504 on Jan 23, 2011
I have an intolerance for soy, wheat etc. and sometimes I really missed a nice seasoning sauce in my diet. I gave this a try and it's delicious. I'm very happy!
Better than soy
Posted by Reviewer2114860 on Jan 25, 2011
Is there nothing the wondrous coconut tree can't do? Delicious and so much better for you than problematic soy.
great product
Posted by Reviewer1064456 on Jan 31, 2011
i ordered this for my daughter-in-law. she was looking for a soy free soy sauce for use with my grandson who is allergic to soy. she really liked this product. gave taste very similar to soy.
Excellent Stuff
Posted by Reviewer1111761 on Feb 17, 2011
I was looking for a soy free "soy sauce" and this is it. It's great in recipes that call for soy sauce and good with sushi.... a bit milder than soy sauce, and the flavor is just a bit different, but it hits on all of the same flavors.


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And thank you for an amazing plugin.
I was wondering if you know about compatibility with the Pagelines Dms? At least email addresses in custom sections don't seem to be getting encoded.
In my last project I noticed that email addresses don't get encoded in if I use the excerpt(); so this is probably a similar case, the hooks/filters needed for encoding are not applying.
I understand if it's too much of a hassle to add compatibility for just this one framework. But it's a pretty good one and I can't see it doing anything else than growing...


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Las Fiesta Resort, St. Augustine Beach, was the setting at sunset Sept. 4 for the marriage of Deborah Lorraine Cipolla and James Dennis Metalik. Betty Crosby, notary, officiated at the double ring nuptials.
The bride is the daughter of Mary P. Hodnick, Alaquippa, Pa., and the bridegroom is the son of Rose M. and Dennis J. Metalik, Pennsylvania.
The bride wore a white silk princess-style dress with Chantilly lace and bateau neckline with tiny straps.
Tara Giddings was honor attendant, and Skip Solllinger was best man.
A horse and buggy ride through downtown followed the ceremony.
After a wedding stay in St. Augustine, the newlyweds are now residing in Pennsylvania.
© 2016. All Rights Reserved. Contact Us


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Honey Dijon Chicken Salad
Total Time
Prep 20 mins
Cook 10 mins
While I have dozens of chicken salad recipes I made this last night for a church supper and put it at the top of my list favorites. The honey and Dijon mustard really make this salad stand out. We use a slice of white and a slice of wheat bread to make the sandwiches, and also cut them into fourths making triangles. Serving these on a pretty platter, point side up makes for a great presentation.
Ingredients Nutrition
- 6 boneless skinless chicken breasts, poached and chopped fine
- 1⁄2 cup finely chopped onion
- 1⁄2 cup finely chopped celery
- 1⁄2 cup finely chopped pecans
- 1 cup mayonnaise
- 2 tablespoons Dijon mustard
- 1 tablespoon honey
- seasoning salt, and
- pepper
- 1 loaf white bread
- 1 loaf whole wheat bread
- Poaching chicken: Place breasts in a large pot of cold water. Cover with a lid and bring to a boil over medium heat. Boil 7 minutes or until chicken is cooked through.
- Remove from pot to plate and cool enough to chop.
- Salad:.
- Add chopped chicken to a large bowl, stir with a fork to begin breaking the chicken up. Add the celery, onion, and pecans stirring well. Add mustard, mayonnaise, honey, and salt and pepper. Stir well. Taste and adjust seasoning.
- Open one of the loaves of bread, remove the heels and place on your counter. Place about 2-3 Tablespoons of salad on each slice of bread. Spread with spoon to cover. Open the second loaf of bread, remove the heels, and place on top of the salad. Cut sandwich with serrated knife into triangles. Serve on lettuce lined platter point side up.
- Note: this is really good on toast, too.
Most Helpful
I am making this for the 4th time now - back by popular demand at work! Decided to upload a photo showing the prepared presentation: small croissants sliced open, add fresh green leaf lettuce, and spoon it into the nest. So, so good.
WOW!!! I love this salad! I made it with FF Mayo left out the celery and onions (personal preference) I ran through recipe builder it is 2 pts for 1 serving! So good! Thanks for sharing!
Loved it! I did use 1 1/4 cups of mayo and glazed pecans. Otherwise did as directed, and this turned out great. Thanks.


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Montpelier Police Log: Numerous auto mishaps reportedMay 01,2013
The following is a sampling of reports to Montpelier police in recent days.
April 24
A set of three keys was found on Main Street next to City Hall.
Keys were found on College Street.
Someone was bitten by a black Lab on Wheelock Street.
A debit card was found on Barre Street.
April 25
Someone lost a silver iPod on Colonial Drive.
A two-car accident occurred on Main Street around 11 a.m. No injuries were reported.
A neighbors chickens were in a Liberty Street residents yard.
A buff-colored dog was running loose at the intersection of Summit Street and Edward Street.
At the intersection of State and Elm streets, a Samsung cellphone was found.
A dog was sitting on top of a car in the Jacobs parking lot.
April 26
At the police station on Pitkin Court, a black wallet was reported missing.
A woman in a white van hit a gas pump on State Street.
On Main Street, a woman backed her car into a pole.
April 27
A wire was down next to State Street.
A couch was dumped into the river on Elm Street.
Someone hit a concrete barrier with their vehicle on State Street.
April 28
A 30-foot extension ladder went missing from Nelson Street.
On State Street, a man defecated in the back of a building.
A woman was wielding a knife at her daughter on Sherwood Drive.
April 29
A mailbox was torn out of the ground on Berlin Street.
On Crosby Avenue, a small dog was wandering around.
A black wallet was lost on Main Street.
Food and articles of clothing were found on State Street.
The following is a sampling of citations Montpelier police issued in recent days.
On April 28, Roger Lee Morey, 56, was cited on a charge of driving while intoxicated. He is scheduled to appear in Washington County criminal court May 16 to answer the charge.MORE IN Central VermontBARRE Joan Black came for the desserts, Shirley Farnham came for the music, Leon Gendron came... Full StoryThe Barre Heritage Festival and Homecoming Days kicked into high gear Friday with numerous events... Full StoryWhite River Junction A Windsor Superior Court judge this week denied a prison sentence... Full Story
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Centenarian Granny Sees Justice Done
The victim of a mugging, now 103, sees her attacker sent to prison.
Two years ago, Rose Morat, a 101-year-old grandmother, was mugged in the lobby of her building. Yesterday, the now-103-year-old finally saw the man who held a knife to her throat for $33 sent to jail. She credits her stamina with a regimen, she told the Times, of "exercise and no junk food. I'm going to be 104 soon, God willing," she added. "Why am I here? I don't know. People say it's because I am an inspiration, I don't know. Maybe I am."


text:
Your Company's Press Release on this Position?
- ASDNews is the largest news portal in Aerospace & Defense, reaching industry and governments around the world.
New contract anouncement or product development? ASDNews is the largest news portal in Aerospace & Defense that reaches industry and governments around the world.
Make sure your news is published on ASDNews and distributed to over 5,000 journalists in the aerospace & defense market by using our dedicated news distribution tool ASDWire.
Go to ASDWire and distribute your press release.
Your company's press release on ASDNews and to thousands of other journalists and editors? Use our ASDWire press release distribution service.
Source : ASDWire.com
UK & EU Export Controls e-Seminar
Jan 1 - Dec 31, 2016 - USB Drive, Windows Computer


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Published on
During this session you will learn the basics of mobile development using Phonegap. Phonegap allows you to reuse existing HTML and Javascript knowledge while enabling the use of Native APIs. See more here: http://www.phonegap.com
This session will teach you how to build your own plugin for Phonegap for either iOS or Android. To do this I will show you the Phonegap Plugin that was created for this project. The Plugin we developed simulates Geofencing by scanning WIFI hotspots.
The specific project is to create a Mobile Time Tracker. The tracker will be able to send notifications to remind you to check in and out of your projects as you arrive and depart.
Tools that will be used and explained
jQuery Mobile
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Has your child experienced abuse or trauma? Are you looking to learn more about how you can support them to heal, while also taking care of yourself? Are you a care provider who works with clients or patients who may have experienced trauma?
The SeaStar Child and Youth Advocacy Centre Program is hosting an upcoming series of workshops for caregivers and professionals who want to learn more about supporting children and youth who have experienced trauma.Continue Reading
For Immediate Release June 21, 2016
Halifax, NS– The IWK Health Centre Board of Directors and the IWK Foundation Board of Trustees hosted their inaugural joint 2015/16 Annual General Meeting today in Halifax, Nova Scotia. The event shone a spotlight on the past year's accomplishments and provided some insight into what the Health Centre and Foundation will focus on in the coming year.Continue Reading
HALIFAX, N.S. (June 10, 2016) – The IWK Health Centre is proud to announce Dr. Patrick McGrath as the recipient of HealthCareCAN's very first Legacy of Leadership award. Dr. McGrath is the Integrated Vice President, Research and Innovation at IWK Health Centre in Halifax and Nova Scotia Health Authority. Continue Reading


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Mitchell is the second Wolf Pack player invited to the game this year, joining senior linebacker Joshua Mauga.
"We are very excited for Marko," Ault said. "This is a great honor for him and this program. He has worked hard and is certainly deserving of this opportunity.
Mitchell leads the Wolf Pack with 50 catches for 858 yards and seven touchdowns this season. He is second in the Western Athletic Conference, and 38th nationally, in receiving yards per game at 78.0 rpg. He ranks 10th in Wolf Pack history in career receiving yards with 2,480 in his three-year career. He is also ninth at Nevada in career receiving touchdowns with 19.
"Marko has been a quality member of our program for three years and he's done everything we've asked of him," wide receivers coach Scott Baumgartner said of Mitchell, who will receive his degree next month. "Marko is a good player and a good person and I'm very happy for him."
This year's East-West Shrine Game will be played Jan. 17 at the University of Houston's Robertson Stadium.
Mitchell and Mauga are part of a long list of Nevada players who have been invited to the game in years past. That group includes wide receiver Nate Burleson, offensive lineman Harvey Dahl, linebacker Jorge Cordova and quarterback Jeff Rowe.
Nevada, which is bowl eligible for the fourth straight season, concludes the regular season on Saturday at Louisiana Tech.
Burns continues international run in China
Monday, June 29, 2015 - Women's Basketball
Wolf Pack golf alums qualify for the U.S. Open
Monday, June 8, 2015
A letter from Doug Knuth: Much to be proud of for Wolf Pack fans
Thursday, May 28, 2015 - General
Pack women's golf signee Collom wins state tournament
Thursday, May 21, 2015 - Golf
Letter from Doug Knuth: Questions and answers about our 2015 football schedule
Monday, March 9, 2015 - Football
Pack puts on clinic for local children in Puerto Vallarta
Friday, March 6, 2015
Former Nevada coach headlines Boys and Girls Club Dinner
Friday, January 30, 2015 - General
Christenson earns spot in World Cup rifle competition
Wednesday, January 14, 2015 - Rifle
Pack freshman Surin races against her Olympic medalist father
Tuesday, January 6, 2015 - Track and Field
A letter to Wolf Pack fans from Doug Knuth: Successes on the field and in the classroom.
Monday, January 5, 2015 - General
Former Nevada track & field standout Hanson passes away
Tuesday, December 23, 2014 - Track and Field
Tonight's Wolf Pack basketball game will feature "Kindness Minute"
Saturday, December 13, 2014 - General
A letter to Wolf Pack fans from Doug Knuth: Mackay Stadium renovation approved
Friday, December 5, 2014 - Football
Wolf Pack Fans, Reward Yourself and the Team
Monday, November 17, 2014 - Football
Wolf Pack women's basketball hosts free skills clinic
Monday, November 10, 2014 - Women's Basketball


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Each month, direct to your email inbox, we'll send the best camping news, tips, recipes and more, to enhance the camping lifestyle that you love so much. Learn More
From rolling prairies to the scenic Ozarks, Oklahoma, Arkansas and Missouri...
There's no need to forego perfectly grilled meals just because you're campi...
The journey is just as stunning as the destination in this dream trip to Mo...
Plan the perfect trip from home or on the road with the official KOA app. Learn More
Open May 1 - September 30
Reserve: 800-562-5828
Info: 605-673-4304
12021 US Highway 16
Custer, SD 57730Get Directions
3 miles west of Custer on Hwy 16 on the way to Jewel Cave and Newcastle, WY.
GPS reliability is inconsistent across brands and types and some campers have been misdirected when entering only our address.
GPS Coordinates:
Latitude: N 43.74143
Longitude: W 103.65418
Call us when you get close and we'll bring you home!Get Google Directions
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Check-out: 11:00 am
Camper Rating 4.5 out of 5