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Chapter 11. Emotions, Aggression, and Stress
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Research supported by the National Institutes of Health has identified brain patterns in humans that appear to underlie "resilient coping," the healthy emotional and behavioral responses to stress that help some people handle stressful situations better than others. People encounter stressful situations and stimuli everywhere, every day, and studies have shown that long-term stress can contribute to a broad array of health problems. However, some people cope with stress better than others, and scientists have long wondered why. The new study, by a team of researchers at Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut, is now online in the Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences. "This important finding points to specific brain adaptations that predict resilient responses to stress," said George F. Koob, Ph.D., director of the National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism (NIAAA), part of NIH and a supporter of the study. "The findings also indicate that we might be able to predict maladaptive stress responses that contribute to excessive drinking, anger, and other unhealthy reactions to stress." In a study of human volunteers, scientists led by Rajita Sinha, Ph.D., and Dongju Seo, Ph.D., used a brain scanning technique called functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) to measure localized changes in brain activation during stress. Study participants were given fMRI scans while exposed to highly threatening, violent and stressful images followed by neutral, non-stressful images for six minutes each. While conducting the scans, researchers also measured non-brain indicators of stress among study participants, such as heart rate, and levels of cortisol, a stress hormone, in blood. The brain scans revealed a sequence of three distinct patterns of response to stress, compared to non-stress exposure.
Keyword: Stress; Drug Abuse
Link ID: 22459 - Posted: 07.20.2016
By Diana Kwon Few things feel worse than not knowing when your next paycheck is coming. Economic insecurity has been shown to have a whole host of negative effects, including low self-esteem and impaired cognitive functioning. It turns out financial stress can also physically hurt, according to a paper published in February in Psychological Science. Eileen Chou, a public policy professor at the University of Virginia, and her collaborators began by analyzing a data set of 33,720 U.S. households and found that those with higher levels of unemployment were more likely to purchase over-the-counter painkillers. Then, using a series of experiments, the team discovered that simply thinking about the prospect of financial insecurity was enough to increase pain. For example, people reported feeling almost double the amount of physical pain in their body after recalling a financially unstable time in their life as compared with those who thought about a secure period. In another experiment, university students who were primed to feel anxious about future employment prospects removed their hand from an ice bucket more quickly (showing less pain tolerance) than those who were not. The researchers also found that economic insecurity reduced people's sense of control, which, in turn, increased feelings of pain. Chou and her colleagues suggest that because of this link between financial insecurity and decreased pain tolerance, the recent recession may have been a factor in fueling the prescription painkiller epidemic. Other experts are cautious about taking the findings that far. "I think the hypothesis [that financial stress causes pain] has a lot of merit, but it would be helpful to see additional rigorous evidence in a real-world environment," says Heather Schofield, an economist at the University of Pennsylvania who was not involved in the study. © 2016 Scientific American,
Keyword: Pain & Touch; Stress
Link ID: 22452 - Posted: 07.19.2016
Ramin Skibba Is Justin Bieber a musical genius or a talentless hack? What you 'belieb' depends on your cultural experiences. Some people like to listen to the Beatles, while others prefer Gregorian chants. When it comes to music, scientists find that nurture can trump nature. Musical preferences seem to be mainly shaped by a person's cultural upbringing and experiences rather than biological factors, according to a study published on 13 July in Nature1. "Our results show that there is a profound cultural difference" in the way people respond to consonant and dissonant sounds, says Josh McDermott, a cognitive scientist at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology in Cambridge and lead author of the paper. This suggests that other cultures hear the world differently, he adds. The study is one of the first to put an age-old argument to the test. Some scientists believe that the way people respond to music has a biological basis, because pitches that people often like have particular interval ratios. They argue that this would trump any cultural shaping of musical preferences, effectively making them a universal phenomenon. Ethnomusicologists and music composers, by contrast, think that such preferences are more a product of one's culture. If a person's upbringing shapes their preferences, then they are not a universal phenomenon. © 2016 Macmillan Publishers Limited
Keyword: Hearing; Emotions
Link ID: 22439 - Posted: 07.14.2016
By Virginia Morell Infanticide—the killing of offspring—is generally rare among birds. And when it happens, it's usually because of outsiders that want the nesting site or territory. But what happens among birds, such as the greater ani (Crotophaga major, pictured), which have a more socialist approach to nesting? Two to four pairs of the Central and South American cuckoos (which are usually unrelated) build a single nest, and then work together to raise their chicks, which generally hatch at the same time. Intriguingly, the adults cannot recognize either their own eggs or chicks, so they care for all of them. To find out why—and if the simultaneous hatching protects the chicks from infanticide—a scientist analyzed data on nestling mortality gathered at 104 communal greater ani nests from 2006 to 2015. Of the 741 nestlings, 321 (43%) fledged and 420 (57%) died. Most of the deaths (78.5%) were due to predation. But another 13.8%, or 58 nestlings, died from infanticide, the scientist reports online today in Evolution. The remaining 32 (7.7%) died from starvation. At most of the nests, the chicks hatched within 1 day of each other. Those that first emerged from their eggs were the most likely to be dispatched by one of the nest founders, not an outsider. Chicks that hatched last were also unlucky; weaker than their older and larger nest-mates, they weren't able to compete for food and starved. Those two pressures—infanticide and food competition—end up favoring the chicks in the middle and those that hatch on the same day, the researcher reports. © 2016 American Association for the Advancement of Science
Keyword: Aggression; Evolution
Link ID: 22435 - Posted: 07.14.2016
By Rebecca Brewer, Jennifer Murphy, There is a persistent stereotype that people with autism are individuals who lack empathy and cannot understand emotion. It's true that many people with autism don't show emotion in ways that people without the condition would recognize. But the notion that people with autism generally lack empathy and cannot recognize feelings is wrong. Holding such a view can distort our perception of these individuals and possibly delay effective treatments. We became skeptical of this notion several years ago. In the course of our studies of social and emotional skills, some of our research volunteers with autism and their families mentioned to us that people with autism do display empathy. Many of these individuals said they experience typical, or even excessive, empathy at times. One of our volunteers, for example, described in detail his intense empathic reaction to his sister's distress at a family funeral. Yet some of our volunteers with autism agreed that emotions and empathy are difficult for them. We were not willing to brush off this discrepancy with the ever-ready explanation that people with autism differ from one another. We wanted to explain the difference, rather than just recognize it. So we looked into the overlap between autism and alexithymia, a condition defined by a difficulty understanding and identifying one's own emotions. People with high levels of alexithymia (which we assess with questionnaires) might suspect they are experiencing an emotion, but are unsure which emotion it is. They could be sad, angry, anxious or maybe just overheated. About 10 percent of the population at large — and about 50 percent of people with autism — has alexithymia. © 2016 Scientific American
Keyword: Autism; Emotions
Link ID: 22433 - Posted: 07.13.2016
By Bret Stetka Beloved crank and Seinfeld co-creator Larry David once told an interviewer that he tolerates people like he tolerates lactose — which is to say, I'm assuming, not well. David's particular degree of grumpiness might be extreme, and perhaps embellished in the interest his shtick, but his social misgivings echo those of many in their dotage who'd rather spend time with old friends than deal with the sweat and small talk required to go out and make new ones. Humans may not be alone here. According to new research, our primate cousins also become more socially selective with age, preferring the companionship of their "friends" to monkeys that are less familiar (or maybe just a drag at parties). The findings also hint at a possible evolutionary explanation for why our social preferences change over the years. The work, conducted primarily by researchers from the German Primate Center in Göttingen, Germany, was recently published in the journal Current Biology and entailed observing the behaviors of over 100 Barbary macaque monkeys, an out-going, some might say "screechy," species hailing from North Africa. To get a sense of how interest in non-social vs social stimulation changes over the course of their lifetimes, monkeys of varying ages were observed in the presence of both inanimate objects and other monkeys. They were first presented with three novel objects: animal toys, a see-through cube filled with glitter in a viscous liquid, and a tube baited with food. Those that had reached early adulthood were not interested in the objects without a reward. The younger ones were intrigued by all three. © 2016 Scientific American
Keyword: Evolution; Emotions
Link ID: 22396 - Posted: 07.05.2016
Laura Sanders Feeling good may help the body fight germs, experiments on mice suggest. When activated, nerve cells that help signal reward also boost the mice's immune systems, scientists report July 4 in Nature Medicine. The study links positive feelings to a supercharged immune system, results that may partially explain the placebo effect. Scientists artificially dialed up the activity of nerve cells in the ventral tegmental area — a part of the brain thought to help dole out rewarding feelings. This activation had a big effect on the mice's immune systems, Tamar Ben-Shaanan of Technion-Israel Institute of Technology in Haifa and colleagues found. A day after the nerve cells in the ventral tegmental area were activated, mice were infected with E. coli bacteria. Later tests revealed that mice with artificially activated nerve cells had less E. coli in their bodies than mice without the nerve cell activation. Certain immune cells seemed to be ramped up, too. Monocytes and macrophages were more powerful E. coli killers after the nerve cell activation. If a similar effect is found in people, the results may offer a biological explanation for how positive thinking can influence health. |© Society for Science & the Public 2000 - 2016
Keyword: Neuroimmunology; Emotions
Link ID: 22395 - Posted: 07.05.2016
By Maya Smith Bonobos (pictured) are known as the peaceful ape. They're less aggressive than their chimpanzee cousins, and when they have disagreements they're more likely to make love, not war. Now, a new study reveals one way females keep the peace. In most primate societies, female genitals swell to advertise that they're ready to mate, leading to fighting among males as they jostle for a partner. But in bonobos, the swellings only indicate fertility half the time, according to a study in the wild published this week in BMC Evolutionary Biology. The findings confirm what scientists have observed in captivity. The researchers behind the new study hypothesize females may have evolved the behavior to gain the upper hand in mating. Because males cannot look to sexual swellings as a reliable indicator of fertility, the females are free to choose their mates. And that helps everyone get along. © 2016 American Association for the Advancement of Science.
Keyword: Sexual Behavior; Aggression
Link ID: 22383 - Posted: 07.01.2016
by Bethany Brookshire There's an osprey nest just outside Jeffrey Brodeur's office at the Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution in Massachusetts. "I literally turn to my left and they're right there," says Brodeur, the organization's communications and outreach specialist. WHOI started live-streaming the osprey nest in 2005. For the first few years, few people really noticed. All that changed in 2014. An osprey pair had taken up residence and produced two chicks. But the mother began to attack her own offspring. Brodeur began getting e-mails complaining about "momzilla." And that was just the beginning. "We became this trainwreck of an osprey nest," he says. In the summer of 2015, the osprey family tried again. This time, they suffered food shortages. The camera received an avalanche of attention, complaints and e-mails protesting the institute's lack of intervention. One scolded, "it is absolutely disgusting that you will not take those chicks away from that demented witch of a parent!!!!! Instead you let them be constantly abused and go without [sic] food. Yes this is nature but you have a choice to help or not. This is totally unacceptable. She should be done away with so not to abuse again." By mid-2015, Brodeur began to receive threats. "People were saying 'we're gonna come help them if you don't,'" he recalls. The osprey cam was turned off, and remains off to this day. Brodeur says he's always wondered why people had such strong feelings about a bird's parenting skills. Why do people spend so much time and emotion attempting to apply their own moral sense to an animal's actions? The answer lies in the human capacity for empathy — one of the qualities that helps us along as a social species. © Society for Science & the Public 2000 - 2016.
Keyword: Animal Rights; Emotions
Link ID: 22382 - Posted: 06.30.2016
By Gary Stix Bullies often like being bullies—and an entire line of research links aggressive behaviors to brain areas tied to sensations of reward—sites deep below the organ's surface with names like the ventromedial hypothalamus and the extended amygdala. One lingering puzzle is what precedes the aggressive act. What makes a person—or, in this case, a mouse—lash out? A new study, published June 29 in Nature, shows that the thought of being the aggressor simply feels good to certain animals. I had a fascinating talk this week with Scott Russo from the Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, the paper's senior author, who described the significance of these findings. What did your study find? We discovered a brain circuit—connecting the basal forebrain and lateral habenula—that appears to control the motivation of a male mouse to be aggressive and subordinate another male mouse. The significance of these findings is that the circuit seems to be telling an animal that subordinating, or "bullying," another animal is a rewarding behavior. To test this, we adapted a conditioned place preference protocol—often used to measure the rewarding properties of addictive drugs, whereby mice were allowed to attack an intruder mouse within one of two environmental contexts: When asked which of the two environmental contexts they preferred, aggressive mice chose the environment in which they were allowed to attack the intruder mouse over the environment in which they had no access to the intruder mouse. Interestingly, the basal forebrain and lateral habenula have been previously shown to support conditioned place preference to drugs of abuse, such as nicotine and cocaine, suggesting that similar neural processes mediate rewarding aspects of aggression and addictive substances. © 2016 Scientific American
Keyword: Aggression
Link ID: 22380 - Posted: 06.30.2016
Susan Gaidos By age 25, Patrick Schnur had cycled through a series of treatment programs, trying different medications to kick his heroin habit. But the drugs posed problems too: Vivitrol injections were painful and created intense heroin cravings as the drug wore off. Suboxone left him drowsy, depressed and unable to study or go running like he wanted to. Determined to resume the life he had before his addiction, Schnur decided to hunker down and get clean on his own. In December 2015, he had been sober for two years and had just finished his first semester of college, with a 4.0 grade point average. Yet, just before the holidays, he gave in to the cravings. Settling into his dorm room he stuck a needle in his vein. It was his last shot. Scientists are searching for a different kind of shot to prevent such tragedies: a vaccine to counter addiction to heroin and other opioids, such as the prescription painkiller fentanyl and similar knockoff drugs. In some ways, the vaccines work like traditional vaccines for infectious diseases such as measles, priming the immune system to attack foreign molecules. But instead of targeting viruses, the vaccines zero in on addictive chemicals, training the immune system to usher the drugs out of the body before they can reach the brain. Such a vaccine may have helped Schnur, a onetime computer whiz who grew up in the Midwest, far removed from the hard edges of the drug world. His overdose death reflects a growing heroin epidemic and alarming trend. In the 1960s, heroin was seen as a hard-core street drug abused mostly in inner cities. Now heroin is a problem in many suburban and rural towns across America, where it is used primarily by young, white adults — male and female, according to research published by psychiatrist Theodore Cicero of Washington University in St. Louis and colleagues in 2014 in JAMA Psychiatry. © Society for Science & the Public 2000 - 201
Keyword: Drug Abuse; Neuroimmunology
Link ID: 22376 - Posted: 06.29.2016
By Perri Klass, M.D. In the 1990s, in my first month in practice as a pediatrician, I asked the mother of a 4-year-old about discipline and she told me that her son was often out of line and wild, and spanking was the only thing that worked, though she was sure I was going to tell her not to, just as her previous pediatrician had done. Around the same time, my colleague in the same clinic walked into an exam room to find a cranky toddler who was acting out, and a frustrated father who was taking off his belt and threatening punishment. In each case, and in many others, we had to decide how to talk to the parents, and whether to bring up the issue of child abuse — which is definitely an issue when a child is being struck, or threatened, with a belt. Corporal punishment, also known as "physical discipline," has become illegal in recent decades in many countries, starting with Sweden in 1979. The United States is not one of those countries, and pediatricians regularly find ourselves talking with parents about why hitting children is a bad idea. The American Academy of Pediatrics officially recommends against physical discipline, saying that evidence shows it is ineffective and puts children at risk for abuse; pediatricians are mandated reporters, responsible for notifying the authorities if we think there is a possibility of abuse, though the boundaries are not clearly defined by law. But many parents continue to spank, even when they don't think it does much good. In a recent report by the nonprofit organization Zero to Three of a national sample of 2,200 parents of children birth to age 5, parents were asked which discipline strategies they used a few times a week or more. Twenty-six percent said they "pop or swat" their child, 21 percent spank, and 17 percent reported hitting with an object like a belt or a wooden spoon. (Parents could respond that they used more than one strategy.) Zero to Three reported that even those who used these strategies frequently did not rate them as effective, and 30 percent agreed with the statement, "I spank even though I don't feel O.K. about it." © 2016 The New York Times Company
Keyword: Aggression; Development of the Brain
Link ID: 22362 - Posted: 06.27.2016
Annie Murphy Paul Twelve years ago, I tried to drive a stake into the heart of the personality-testing industry. Personality tests are neither valid nor reliable, I argued, and we should stop using them — especially for making decisions that affect the course of people's lives, like workplace hiring and promotion. But if I thought that my book, The Cult of Personality Testing, would lead to change in the world, I was keenly mistaken. Personality tests appear to be more popular than ever. I say "appear" because — today as when I wrote the book — verifiable numbers on the use of such tests are hard to come by. Personality testing is an industry the way astrology or dream analysis is an industry: slippery, often underground, hard to monitor or measure. There are the personality tests administered to job applicants "to determine if you're a good fit for the company;" there are the personality tests imposed on people who are already employed, "in order to facilitate teamwork;" there are the personality tests we take voluntarily, in career counseling offices and on self-improvement retreats and in the back pages of magazines (or, increasingly, online.) I know these tests are popular because after the book was published, most of the people I heard from were personality-test enthusiasts, eager to rebut my critique of the tests that had, they said, changed their lives. © 2016 npr
Keyword: Emotions
Link ID: 22359 - Posted: 06.25.2016
Ian Sample Science editor Brain scans have highlighted "striking" differences between the brains of young men with antisocial behavioural problems and those of their better-behaved peers. The structural changes, seen as variations in the thickness of the brain's cortex or outer layer of neural tissue, may result from abnormal development in early life, scientists at Cambridge University claim. But while the images show how the two groups of brains differ on average, the scans cannot be used to identify individuals with behavioural issues, nor pinpoint specific developmental glitches that underpin antisocial behaviour. Led by Luca Passamonti, a neurologist at Cambridge, the researchers scanned the brains of 58 young men aged 16 to 21 who had been diagnosed with conduct disorder, defined by persistent problems that ranged from aggressive and destructive behaviour, to lying and stealing, carrying weapons or staying out all night. When compared with brain scans from 25 healthy men of the same age, the scientists noticed clear differences. Those diagnosed with conduct disorder before the age of 10 had similar variations in the thickness of the brain's cortex. "It may be that problems they experience in childhood affect and delay the way the cortex is developing," said Passamonti. But the brains of men diagnosed with behavioural problems in adolescence differed in another way. Scans on them showed fewer similarities in cortical thickness than were seen in the healthy men. That, Passamonti speculates, may arise when normal brain maturation, such as the "pruning" of neurons and the connections between them, goes awry. © 2016 Guardian News and Media Limited
Keyword: Aggression; Development of the Brain
Link ID: 22329 - Posted: 06.16.2016
Aggressive chemotherapy followed by a stem cell transplant can halt the progression of multiple sclerosis (MS), a small study has suggested. The research, published in The Lancet, looked at 24 patients aged between 18 and 50 from three hospitals in Canada. For 23 patients the treatment greatly reduced the onset of the disease, but in one case a person died. An MS Society spokeswoman said this type of treatment does "offer hope" but also comes with "significant risks". Around 100,000 people in the UK have MS, which is an incurable neurological disease. 'No relapses' The condition causes the immune system to attack the lining of nerves in the brain and spinal cord. Most patients are diagnosed in their 20s and 30s. One existing treatment is for the immune system to be suppressed with chemotherapy and then stem cells are introduced to the patient's bloodstream - this procedure is known as an autologous haematopoietic stem cell transplant (HSCT). But in this study, Canadian researchers went further - not just suppressing the immune system, but destroying it altogether. It is then rebuilt with stem cells harvested from the patient's own blood which are at such an early stage, they have not developed the flaws that trigger MS. The authors said that among the survivors, over a period of up to 13 years, there were no relapses and no new detectable disease activity. All the patients who took part in the trial had a "poor prognosis" and had previously undergone standard immunosuppressive therapy which had not controlled the MS - which affects around two million people worldwide. © 2016 BBC.
Keyword: Multiple Sclerosis; Neuroimmunology
Link ID: 22314 - Posted: 06.13.2016
By ROBERT F. WORTH In early 2012, a neuropathologist named Daniel Perl was examining a slide of human brain tissue when he saw something odd and unfamiliar in the wormlike squiggles and folds. It looked like brown dust; a distinctive pattern of tiny scars. Perl was intrigued. At 69, he had examined 20,000 brains over a four-decade career, focusing mostly on Alzheimer's and other degenerative disorders. He had peered through his microscope at countless malformed proteins and twisted axons. He knew as much about the biology of brain disease as just about anyone on earth. But he had never seen anything like this. The brain under Perl's microscope belonged to an American soldier who had been five feet away when a suicide bomber detonated his belt of explosives in 2009. The soldier survived the blast, thanks to his body armor, but died two years later of an apparent drug overdose after suffering symptoms that have become the hallmark of the recent wars in Iraq and Afghanistan: memory loss, cognitive problems, inability to sleep and profound, often suicidal depression. Nearly 350,000 service members have been given a diagnosis of traumatic brain injury over the past 15 years, many of them from blast exposure. The real number is likely to be much higher, because so many who have enlisted are too proud to report a wound that remains invisible. For years, many scientists have assumed that explosive blasts affect the brain in much the same way as concussions from football or car accidents. Perl himself was a leading researcher on chronic traumatic encephalopathy, or C.T.E., which has caused dementia in N.F.L. players. Several veterans who died after suffering blast wounds have in fact developed C.T.E. But those veterans had other, nonblast injuries too. No one had done a systematic post-mortem study of blast-injured troops. That was exactly what the Pentagon asked Perl to do in 2010, offering him access to the brains they had gathered for research. It was a rare opportunity, and Perl left his post as director of neuropathology at the medical school at Mount Sinai to come to Washington. © 2016 The New York Times Company
Keyword: Stress; Brain Injury/Concussion
Link ID: 22311 - Posted: 06.11.2016
By Rita Celli, This is what Jennifer Molson remembers doctors saying to her about the high-stakes procedure she would undergo in 2002 as part of an Ottawa study that has yielded some promising results in multiple sclerosis patients. The 41-year-old Ottawa woman was in a wheelchair before the treatment. She now walks, runs and works full time. "I had no feeling from my chest down. I could barely cut my food," Molson remembers. Molson was diagnosed with MS when she was 21, and within five years she needed full-time care. "It was scary. [The procedure] was my last shot at living." MS is among the most common chronic inflammatory diseases of the central nervous system, affecting an estimated two million people worldwide. New Canadian research led by two Ottawa doctors and published in The Lancet medical journal on Thursday suggests the high-risk therapy may stop the disease from progressing. "This is the first treatment to produce this level of disease control or neurological recovery" from MS, said The Lancet in a news release. But The Lancet also highlights the high mortality rate associated with the procedure — one patient out of 24 involved in the clinical trial died from liver failure. "Treatment related risks limit [the therapy's] widespread use," The Lancet concludes. Results 'impressive' Nevertheless, in the journal's accompanying editorial a German doctor calls the results "impressive." ©2016 CBC/Radio-Canada.
Keyword: Multiple Sclerosis; Neuroimmunology
Link ID: 22309 - Posted: 06.11.2016
By JAMES GORMAN This summer's science horror blockbuster is a remake: Return of the Leaping Electric Eel! If you have any kind of phobia of slimy, snakelike creatures that can rise from the water and use their bodies like Tasers, this story — and the accompanying video — may not be for you. The original tale (there was, alas, no video) dates to 1800 when the great explorer Alexander von Humboldt was in South America and enlisted local fishermen to catch some of these eels for the new (at the time) study of electricity. He wrote that the men herded horses and mules into a shallow pond and let the eels attack by pressing themselves against the horses. The horses and mules tried to escape, but the fishermen kept them in the water until the eels used up their power. Two horses died, probably from falling and drowning. Or so Humboldt said. Though the story was widely retold, no other report of this kind of fishing-with-horses phenomenon surfaced for more than 200 years, according to Kenneth Catania, a scientist with a passion for studying the eel species in question, electrophorus electricus. In 2014, he reported on how the eels freeze their prey. They use rapid pulses of more than 600 volts generated by modified muscle cells and sent through the water. These volleys of shocks cause the muscles of prey to tense at once, stopping all movement. The eels' bodies function like Tasers, Dr. Catania wrote. But they can also project high-voltage pulses in the water in isolated couplets rather than full volleys for a different effect. The pairs of shocks don't freeze the prey, but cause their bodies to twitch. That movement reveals the prey's location, and then the eels send out a rapid volley to immobilize then swallow it. Dr. Catania noticed another kind of behavior, however. He was using a metal-handled net — wearing rubber gloves — while working with eels in an aquarium, and the eels would fling themselves up the handle of the net, pressing themselves to the metal and generating rapid electric shocks. © 2016 The New York Times Company
Keyword: Aggression; Muscles
Link ID: 22295 - Posted: 06.07.2016
By LISA FELDMAN BARRETT WHEN the world gets you down, do you feel just generally "bad"? Or do you have more precise emotional experiences, such as grief or despair or gloom? In psychology, people with finely tuned feelings are said to exhibit "emotional granularity." When reading about the abuses of the Islamic State, for example, you might experience creeping horror or fury, rather than general awfulness. When learning about climate change, you could feel alarm tinged with sorrow and regret for species facing extinction. Confronted with this year's presidential campaign, you might feel astonished, exasperated or even embarrassed on behalf of the candidates — an emotion known in Mexico as "pena ajena." Emotional granularity isn't just about having a rich vocabulary; it's about experiencing the world, and yourself, more precisely. This can make a difference in your life. In fact, there is growing scientific evidence that precisely tailored emotional experiences are good for you, even if those experiences are negative. According to a collection of studies, finely grained, unpleasant feelings allow people to be more agile at regulating their emotions, less likely to drink excessively when stressed and less likely to retaliate aggressively against someone who has hurt them. Perhaps surprisingly, the benefits of high emotional granularity are not only psychological. People who achieve it are also likely to have longer, healthier lives. They go to the doctor and use medication less frequently, and spend fewer days hospitalized for illness. Cancer patients, for example, have lower levels of harmful inflammation when they more frequently categorize, label and understand their emotions. © 2016 The New York Times Company
Keyword: Emotions
Link ID: 22285 - Posted: 06.06.2016
By Ann Griswold, Women who develop infections during pregnancy run an increased risk of having a child with autism. Most data indicate that an overactive maternal immune response underlies the risk. But a new analysis runs contrary to this view: It ties high levels of an inflammatory protein in pregnant women to a low risk of autism in their children, suggesting that a strong immune response is protective. Researchers looked at 1,315 mother-child pairs, including 500 children with autism and 235 with developmental delay. They found that healthy pregnant women with high levels of C-reactive protein (CRP), a marker of inflammation, are less likely to have a child with autism than are women with typical levels of the protein. The findings contradict a 2013 report from a large Finnish cohort that tied high CRP levels during pregnancy to an increased risk of having a child with autism. "It was the opposite of what we expected to find," says senior researcher Lisa Croen, director of the Autism Research Program at Kaiser Permanente in Oakland, California. The work appeared in April in Translational Psychiatry. The results suggest that the strength of a woman's immune system, rather than its response to infection, is the important factor in determining autism risk. Moderate or low baseline levels of CRP might indicate a relatively weak ability to fight off infection. And a less vigorous immune response might boost the risk in some women, the researchers say. © 2016 Scientific American,
Keyword: Autism; Neuroimmunology
Link ID: 22275 - Posted: 06.02.2016


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F-15 flyover.
Memorial Day 2016 at Eagle Point National Cemetery
On the
EAGLE POINT — Jeremiah Campbell said his father's headstone says it all: "Michael Campbell, Loving son and father." A U.S. Navy veteran honorably discharged for medical reasons after an asthma attack, Michael would later go on to...
A 39-year-old man died in a two-motorcycle crash late Sunday night on Interstate 5 about four miles south of Rogue River, authorities said. Oregon State Police said troopers responded to the crash at about 11 p.m., joined by medical...
Two Seattle-area men had to be airlifted from the shore of Crater Lake this morning after they illegally scrambled Sunday afternoon down the caldera in a dangerous trip that saw one of the men suffer serious injuries after tumbling the last 250...
On last week's Game of Thrones, the immobile and doomed Three-Eyed Raven (
CIUDAD VICTORIA, Mexico — About 24 hours after he was kidnapped, Mexican soccer star Alan Pulido found himself alone with one of his captors and saw his chance. He wrestled away the man's pistol and his cellphone and dialed Mexico's...
CINCINNATI — Dozens of animal-rights advocates and others held a Memorial Day vigil at the Cincinnati Zoo in remembrance of a gorilla that was fatally shot to protect a 4-year-old boy who entered its exhibit. The male western lowland...
Actor Jai Bugarin plays a homeless boxer in a film shot at Medford's Spartan Boxing Gym.
Southern Oregon Directory
Business Name
Location, ST | website.com

subset: commoncrawl


text:
Number – 9349
Name – Fairytale and Historic Minifigure Set
Theme – Minifigures
Year – 2011
Minifigs – 20 (plus 2 Skeletons)
Pieces – 227
Price – GB £39.99/ EURO 47.99/ US $49.99
Links : LEGO Shop@Home, BrickLink, Brickset, Peeron
Information from LEGO Shop@Home:
Build a fairytale!
This set features a variety of minifigures that enable children to create and act out beloved fairytales and popular themes. A great addition to any LEGO® brick set.
- Includes 22 minifigures: pirates, a witch and wizard, a king and queen, mine workers, a mermaid and merman and many more
- Features a variety of accessories
- Explore the differences of real life, make-believe and historic roles!
- Provides endless hours of creative play!
- Teaches storytelling through characters and their functions!
- Promotes the development of fantasy, imagination and imitative skills!
Given the success of the Collectable Minifigures, it's fair to assume that Minifigs are somewhat sought after by many. This set promised a full complement of minifigs for various occasions, arbitrarily ascribed to the theme of Fairytale and Historic, and with accessories to boot! So the question is, is it worth it?
The box doesn't actually state "Fairytale and Historic" anywhere, but the large print is reserved for "education", which didn't make much sense to me, as I thought that was what LEGO was all about. However investigating further reveals a whole new world of LEGO I didn't know existed - the education line.
From the education website:
Are you LEGO® smart?
LEGO Education offers unique solutions to day care professionals and teachers who want to bring more innovation and creativity to their classroom practice.
Using our tools and hands-on teaching methods your children will be better able to learn by experiences, collaborate with their classmates and think creatively to come up with unique solutions.
That's LEGO smart.
Exploring this site further reveals many desirable sets, my favourites being 9337 Harbour, 9311 City Buildings and I know someone who'd just love 9333 Vehicles!
The specific information about this set states:
Age Mark: 4+
Key Learning Values:
- Exploring differences to real life, make-believe and historic characters
- Storytelling through characters and things they do
- Developing fantasy, imagination and imitative skills
- Brick Type: LEGO® System bricks
- Related Products: 9384, 9279, 9386, 9286
- Piece Count: 227
9349 - The Set
So lets have a look at the box. It has a pleasant minimalist feel, yet still manages to show all the minifigs, some of whom are in scenes with an attractive background. The blue colour is very pleasing to the eye and there is a more mature design to the box, as it is intended to be bought by adults to use to teach children.
The back of the box shows pretty much everything that's in it, and for some reason LEGO chose the shortest pair of minifigs to put in the "actual size" picture.
The base of the box is bland and uninteresting, but continues with the attractive blue colour.
The box top is similarly blue, but has a fine print warning that "colours of and decorative designs on elements may vary", so in theory you could open the box to find everything is trans-nougat or something.
The left side shows where all the parts are made.
And the right side shows a very small warning in English: "Warning! Choking hazard. Contains small ball". Because the only thing you can choke on in this set is a small ball? Really? ( Although I must admit, I haven't personally tested that theory.)
There are no instructions inside the box. There are five poly-bags of assorted items each – in this, the largest, you can see torsos, legs, hair and bricks.
The second largest contains an equally disorganised mix of minifig parts and accessories, and plates.
The three smallest poly-bags contain the remaining small parts, with the only organisation being to keep the male and female heads in separate bags.
Decanting the poly-bags and removing the items for the minifigs themselves leaves an assortment of bricks and plates and remaining accessories:
Plus a few bits of greenery:
A few containers:
And an assortment of critters:
For the minifigures, I have tried to pose them similarly to the scenes on the box. As there are no instructions, one has to rely on the box to ensure the correct torso is paired with the correct legs, assuming that that concerns you.
The first pair are the shorter of the bunch, are they children playing dress-up as a knight and a princess, or are they actually a knight and a princess who happen to be short? I guess it's up to you.
The second pair are a couple of soldiers defending the world's smallest fort. They have matching helmets, and brandishing their fearsome weapons, they are ready to fight!
The third scene shows a Jester-girl who is also a juggler. And a weightlifter? Huh?
The next scene has a couple of mer-people, with a few elements for an underwater scene. The crab and the clam-shell are not often seen, and the merman has a nice pearlised gold trident, but it would have been nice if his torso had had a little definition, like the surfer from the collectable minigfigs.
Next up we have a royal pair. The queen looks rather casual, and the king has a rather odd sceptre with ingenious use of a Technic pin. To my eyes red and trans-blue don't go together well.
We also have a pair of standard scary-but-cheery skeletons, evidently cursed souls from a lost shipwreck given their piratey hats and cutlasses.
The set provides a green-themed wizard, complete with a bottle of something magical. I really like how the bottle has been constructed and this is one of the most interesting items in the set. The wizard's outfit is a little plain, and grey seems an odd choice for his torso, especially when the Kingdoms line has had dark green wizard torsos and legs complete with printing. He's also given a matching snake and a stick to hit it with (I know - it's a wand!)
To go with our wizard, we have a witch, who is accompanied by numerous creepy-crawlies and a toadstool and cauldron. She has her broomstick poised and ready for her to fly off with her fab red cape flying out behind her, which will make up for the plain torso she's been given.
The snake-charmer is another of the few who have structures to build. The simple Eastern arch is topped off with a nice pearl gold slope and helps to set the scene. The snake-charmer does have a printed torso, but for some reason our turban-wearing friend appears to be either the Kingdoms' Prince or Lion King in disguise.
Next up are a couple of pirates, well evidently a pirate captain, complete with telescope and a pearl gold hook, and his first mate with a sextant. The telescope and sextant may be useful, given that they seem to have lost their ship...
Now this is one of the oddest scenes (and that's saying something). From BrickLink, this female torso is listed as "Bride" (although it also appears as the Admiral's daughter in the Pirates' Chess Set), and the male outfit is a Town suit. She has a bunch of flowers, so far so good, but he has... a morning star ready to stove her head in and a ladder to make good his escape? Or is he a chimney sweep, with brush and ladder, but if so, why on this earth is he wearing a suit and a top hat. Answers on a postcard, please. Aside from the oddity, they are a nice pair of figs, and it's always nice to get a top-hat.
Back to something more recognisable, a male and female pair of Imperial soldiers, the male a drummer with his drum, and female with cutlass. They also have a chest full of butter. It might be gold, but given that the contents are a few yellow studs, I'm going with butter.
Our last minifigs scene has the most going on. There are a couple gold prospectors, and they have actually managed to find real gold, after blasting the mineshaft behind them. The scene comes with a nicely designed cactus, and also has..something on the ground. I really hope that's dirt, but maybe there's a good reason why he's wearing a bandanna? He has a nice tan fedora, that's common enough, and she has an almost ubiquitous Pirates/Kingdoms torso. Not hugely exciting overall, but nice enough.
Included in the set are also a number of minifigs accessories, including some pith helmets and a shotgun.
After all the scenes are built, there are naturally a couple of bits left over, including a spare red cape!
So have you spotted it?
Yup, all the female minifigs faces are the same. But not only that! All the male minifigs faces are the same! Grrr.
The female minifig's face, which lets be honest isn't one of the best, is at least double sided. The male fig's head has just one placid, passive expression. Here are comparison shots of the two Imperial soldiers to illustrate:
Here are all the girlies together, there are only 8 of them out of the 22 minifigures. You can see the same old face across the picture, maybe they're all related?
From the back, you can see a few of the ladies have printing on the reverse of their torsos, and it's a bit of a shame the Imperial soldier girl's double sided face is visible. A French Legionnaire type helmet, with a flap of material at the back would cover her annoyed and annoying face.
There are 12 male figures in total (I've excluded counting the skeletons) and so I've split them into two groups for a closer look. Once again, the same bland expression listlessly gazes out.
The reverse of these figures shows most of this group have some printing, but the wizard and merman remain disappointingly plain. I still don't understand why the wizard's torso is grey, not dark green.
The second group of male figures are slightly more interesting to me (identical facial expressions notwithstanding). Here you can see the snake-charmers' Kingdoms torso more clearly, and the lovely gold printing on the pirate captain's torso.
From the reverse, again most torsos are printed, but as with all the others, none of them are new. I'm not convinced the snake-charmers torso fits with the rest of his outfit.
To show the set off as a whole, here's everyone together, with all their bits and pieces.
Design 7/10 – the small structures that go with some of the scenes are nicely designed, especially the arch that goes with the snake-charmer, and the curious magic bottle that the wizard has. Otherwise, the set is mostly minifigs.
Parts 7/10 – there are a couple of nice pieces, the gold that comes with the prospectors is always welcome, as is the dynamite. The use of the red technic pin as a sceptre was unusual, and there's a good selection of creepy crawlies including a nice bright light orange crab, but there's nothing here that hasn't been seen before.
Build 5/10 – mostly consists of putting minifigs together, really, but there are the occasional structure to piece together, none of which are tricky.
Minifigs 7/10 – given that this set is all about the minifigures, they are actually quite disappointing on the whole. I've highlighted my thoughts along the way, but overall there could be a lot more printed parts, or even substitution for other, more appropriate parts already in production.
Playability 6/10 – the idea behind this set is that the minifigs and scenes provide a starting point for the creation of stories of a fantasy or historical nature, but really you could do the same with a couple of small Kingdoms or Pirates sets.
Price 6/10 – really this seems like an awful lot of money for not very much, and certainly nothing exclusive. It's tempting to want a large amount of minifigs, but for the same price you could get 20 Collectable Minifigs and, although you might get a few duplicates and wouldn't be guaranteed female figs, the overall variety would be better.
Overall 63.3% – this is a somewhat disappointing collection (as it's not really a set) that seems an expensive way to gain minifigs. Even the yearly advent calendars have more interesting bits and pieces, and they are are good deal cheaper. Given that even small impulse sets have a minifig or two usually, and will have more actual LEGO with which to build a scene, so I tend to think you'd probably be better off sticking to those.
Comments welcome.
For high-res images here's a link to my flickr.
Edited by Rufus, 22 July 2011 - 09:13 PM.


text:
Scoutland Adventure Camp
Any Cub Scout Can Attend Scoutland Adventure Camp – There Is Something For Everyone!
Spend 4 days and 3 nights at Scoutland on Lake Lanier, near Gainesville, GA. Days are packed with fun and nights are spent under the stars. Eat your meals in the camp dining hall and bunk in a two-person tent with another Scout or your parent. SIX sessions of this camp are held during the month of July.
Cubs who have graduated into the 2nd or 3rd grade by June can swim, hike, earn advancements, learn handicrafts, and much more. What a great time for a boy and his parent to spend time together in the great outdoors this summer.
Webelos who will be in 4th or 5th grade this fall will be able to work on Webelos advancements, cook, swim, canoe, learn handicrafts, and participate in archery and bb shooting. They will receive an introduction to Boy Scout camping. There are two ways to attend camp (1) with your Patrol and Webelos leaders, or (2) you and your parent can attend as a team. Second year Webelos can participate in the Outback Camping Adventure.
Register Online Here as a Scout/Parent Team
Register Online Here as a Patrol
Scoutland Adventure Camp Information
Return to Cub Scout Summer Camp Guide


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I'm a thirtysomething dad and IT professional living in the Austin, TX area. I started gaming way back in the day, 1982, with the TSR space opera game Star Frontiers. Since then I've been an avid roleplayer. I went to 5 Gen Cons, was a regional Triad for the RPGA's Living Greyhawk campaign, helped start a gaming club (the FORGE) in Memphis, TN, et cetera.
I GM and play a variety of RPGs; currently Pathfinder is in heavy rotation as well as various non-D&D-based games.
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The default sidebar is always called during the "products page" and the "checkout" pages, i.e. the shortcodes. I have tried to fiddle with the php code, but cannot find the exat area where the seemingly wrong test is made or it can be commented out. I am stuck in function "wpsc_products_page" in the theme.functions.php file in the wpsc-includes folder.
The pages have been setup with "Full Width" in the Page Layout setup. It works fine for "Transaction" and "Results" but not the other two.
See test mock-up on http://test.creativelooks.dk
(one other thing -> how do I control the width of the products view? I would like to have the "checkout" part by about 25 px shorter).
Thanks alot
Br Alex


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I need to represent a complex model in MVC (model view collection) architecture. I'm using
backbone.js with
I'm retrieving data from the server as
JSON and making a tree with it. For displaying the tree I'm using jQuery's
jsTree plugin. The data represents file system architecture of some remote system.
The problems I'm encountering are these:
- Should I create two models? One representing directory and one representing file because there can be more files inside the directory.
- How can I attach the view with the UI? I want to listen to all the events and do some server side action depending upon them because the view is being dynamically made by the jsTree plugin.
- If I make 2 models do I need to make 2 collections? Would a singe one would do because ids in the full set of all the models will be unique?


text:
The fate of a French family kidnapped in Cameroon remained uncertain Thursday after a Cameroonian minister denied they were free and a French minister backtracked on his claim they had been found alive.
Hopes for the seven members of the family -- a couple, their children aged five, eight, 10 and 12 and an uncle -- were raised when a Cameroonian military source said they had been found safe and well in Nigeria.
"They were found abandoned in a house in Dikwa" in northern Nigeria, about 100 kilometres (60 miles) from the border with Cameroon, the source said.
France's Veteran Affairs Minister Kader Arif confirmed that information but later said he had merely been passing on media reports and said that "there is no official confirmation at this stage".
Cameroon's Communications Minister Issa Tchiroma Bakary bluntly stated: "It is a wild rumour. If this was true, the Cameroonian government would have already given the information to France."
France's foreign ministry said it could not confirm the release and warned against "spreading premature information". A security source close to the case in Nigeria said there were "serious doubts" about whether the family had been freed.
The family was snatched Tuesday by six armed suspected Islamists on three motorbikes. Officials said they were taken across the border into Nigeria.
President Francois Hollande condemned the seizure as an "odious" act, saying: "This is the first time that children have been taken hostage in this manner."
The French foreign ministry urged citizens in the far north of Cameroon "to leave the area as quickly as possible" and advised against travel to areas bordering Nigeria until further notice.
The ministry could not say how many French citizens are believed to be in the north but 6,200 in total are registered as living in Cameroon.
Foreign Minister Laurent Fabius said France would not give in to "terrorists," an apparent warning that a ransom would not be considered.
The defence ministry said a team of French gendarmes arrived in Cameroon on Tuesday to help with the probe, adding that they were being "protected by French soldiers".
French Defence Minister Jean-Yves Le Drian pointed the finger at Nigeria's Boko Haram extremist group but said it was not clear whether the kidnapping was linked to France's offensive against Islamist rebels in Mali.
"These are groups that claim the same fundamentalism, who use the same methods, whether it's in Mali, Somalia or Nigeria," he said.
Nigerian officials declined to comment on Boko Haram's alleged involvement.
While French officials have named Boko Haram as the likely culprits, a splinter faction of the group known as Ansaru, which has risen in prominence in recent weeks, appears to have prioritised Western hostages.
Ansaru claimed the December kidnapping of a French national in Nigeria's northern Katsina state and the abduction of seven foreigners from a construction site in the north's Bauchi state at the weekend.
In statements, Ansaru has protested France's efforts against Islamist rebels in Mali and warned of further attacks.


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The First NFL Gay Player—Let's Throw a Parade
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Due to popular demand, here are some more ways married couples hurt each other unintentionally. read more
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Earthbath Pet Shampoo Mango Tango
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Earthbath Shampoo Mango Tango. This shampoo by Earthbath combines the benefits of a quality shampoo and conditioner into one convenient bottle. A heavenly scented, biodegradable, pure and natural shampoo and conditioner that's sure to leave your furry friend looking...smelling....better than ever before. The delicious scent of fresh Mangoes combined with an exceptionally mild shampoo adds brilliance and shine while the extra gentle conditioner softens and detangles, leaving your pet's coat wonderfully clean, soft and plush. Safe for all animals over 6 weeks of age.
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Willa Cather Pioneer Memorial And E Ducational Foundation
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To promote and encourage increased understanding and appreciation of the life, times, settings, and work of Willa Cather.
The 2010 Willa Cather Spring Conference, to be held June 3-5, will offer three days of events on the fresh topic of food and drink in Willa Cather's writing, based in Cather's "home town" of Red Cloud and the surrounding countryside. The conference will be held in Red Cloud and will open with a Scholars' Symposium, presenting papers on the conference topic. The following two days of events will feature a variety of events for Cather readers and scholars: lively discussions with Cather scholars, historians, and cooks; kitchen tours at Cather historic sites, with samplings of Cather-related foods; wine tastings, a keynote address by Professor Susan Meyer of Wellesley College, and a barn dance supper, based on Cather's Nebraska story, "The Bohemian Girl." O Pioneers! and "The Bohemian Girl" will be the featured texts for the conference, but discussions will range througout Cather's writing.
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Winner of the 2009 Leon D. Epstein Outstanding Book Award, Political Organizations and Parties Section of the American Political Science Association
"[I recommend] Larry M. Bartels's Unequal Democracy. Especially at this time every thoughtful American needs to learn as much as possible about the relationship of politics to economics."--Bill Clinton, Daily Beast
"Obama can connect with voters on the economy by using history as a guideline. He should start by reading Unequal Democracy, by Princeton academic Larry Bartels. The non-partisan and non-political Bartels points out devastatingly after an exhaustive study of Democratic and Republican presidents that the Democrats built a better economy and a more just society."--James Carville, CNN
"Many Americans know that there are characteristic policy differences between the [Republican and Democratic] parties. But few are aware of two important facts about the post-World War II era, both of which are brilliantly delineated in a new book, Unequal Democracy, by Larry M. Bartels, a professor of political science at Princeton. Understanding them might help voters see what could be at stake, economically speaking, in November."--Alan Blinder, New York Times
"Bartels is the political scientist of the moment. Along with Obama, Bill Clinton also read and recommends Unequal Democracy. [M]ost people on the street could have told Bartels that the working poor fare better under Democrats . . . but the importance of these and some other findings in the book . . . is that they use scholarly methods to provide political explanations for economic problems."--Michael Tomasky, New York Review of Books
"A provocative new book by Princeton professor Larry M. Bartels, one of the country's leading political scientists."--Dan Balz, Washington Post
"A short review cannot convey the rich variety of arguments and data Bartels deploys in making his case. Some of his analysis focuses on broadly characterized partisan differences, some on high profile examples such as the politics of the minimum wage and the estate tax. He will have done a considerable service if the next time we start thinking about economics we also think about politics. Bartels shows that social issues do not create as strong a headwind against class-based voting as is often assumed and that lower income voters do tend to vote Democratic while upper-income voters do tend to vote Republican. Unequal Democracy offers an important case for why this might be."--Robert Grafstein, Science
"[A] provocative new book by Princeton professor Larry M. Bartels, one of the country's leading political scientists. One of Bartels's most intriguing conclusions is that the political timing of economic growth has influenced voters. Republican presidents...have often generated significant economic growth rates in presidential election years, while Democratic presidents have not."--Dan Balz, Washington Post
"[E]xtraordinarily insightful."--Bob Braun, Newark Star-Ledger
"Unequal Democracy makes the choice voters face clear: Democratic policies spread the wealth and Republican policies protect the wealthy."--Julian E. Zelizer, The Huffington Post
"[Bartels] is correct in drawing attention to the tension between the egalitarian values that Americans hold and their apparent toleration for growing economic inequality. And at every step of the argument, he defines and analyzes interesting and relevant evidence."--Richard R. John, Forum
"Prodigiously researched and cogently argued, Bartels's timely work should interest academics and lay readers alike."--Blake A. Ellis, Journal of Southern History
"The book is exemplary throughout in its transparency with regard to the data and Bartels's analytic strategy for using them, in its attention to alternative explanations for a given outcome, and in its balance between not over-reaching and asserting a clear, controversial, and important thesis. . . . Full of evidence, insights, and surprises. . . . The book is never less than provocative and is often revelatory."--Jennifer Hochschild, Perspectives on Politics
"For a book targeted at both academic and nonacademic audiences, Bartels strikes a nice balance between exhaustive empirical rigor and accessibility. . . . Bartels gives us a wide-ranging framework for thinking about the ways that citizens interact with the political system, and in so doing maps an agenda for the next generation of research on American democracy in action."--Nicholas J. G. Winter, Public Opinion Quarterly
"Larry Bartels's Unequal Democracy is a major landmark in political scientists' efforts to grapple with inequality. . . . Bartels has done so much, and has done it so well, that anyone who quibbles with his interpretations or suggests that he has left important questions unanswered is likely to seem ungenerous, even churlish. . . . Unequal Democracy should be taken as a major contribution and as a touchstone for further research."--Benjamin I. Page, Perspectives on Politics


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Featuring an appearance by Santa Claus along with hundreds of motorcycles, the 26th annual Toy Run will be at 1 p.m. Sunday, starting at the Chisholm Trail Center and and Retail Shops.
Lineup for the run will be at noon. Buttons will be $2.
The route will use Old 81 (now Main Street and K-15) through Newton.
The ride will end at the Meridian Center, where a chili dinner will be served for $4, and a fund-raising auction will be conducted.
To donate new items to the auction, take them to Those Blasted Signs, 302 N. Main.
All toys and funds collected by the event will be donated to The Salvation Army.
The event is sponsored by Biker's Edge, Chisholm Trail Center and and Retail Shops and the American Legion Riders Post No. 2 of Newton.
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Police Head Defends His Force As Protests in Diallo Case Go On
By MICHAEL COOPER
Published: March 23, 1999
As Police Commissioner Howard Safir came under mounting criticism, 141 people, including State Comptroller H. Carl McCall, were arrested yesterday in the largest act of civil disobedience yet protesting the police shooting of Amadou Diallo.
The protest was held just after Commissioner Safir was forced to defend his officers at a City Council hearing into the Police Department's Street Crime Unit. Four officers from that unit fired a total of 41 shots at Mr. Diallo, an unarmed West African immigrant, killing him in the vestibule of his Bronx apartment building on Feb. 4.
Before the hearing, Mr. Safir's aides said that he might not testify at the City Council hearing because of a scheduling conflict. But after being photographed at the Oscars ceremony in Los Angeles on Sunday night, the Commissioner flew back to New York to attend the hearing at City Hall.
The size of yesterday's protest -- several hundred marched outside Police Headquarters in lower Manhattan, and the number of arrests was the highest yet in protests in the case -- indicated that public anger over Mr. Diallo's shooting showed no signs of abating nearly seven weeks after the episode.
Singing ''We Shall Overcome,'' Mr. McCall, the highest-ranking black elected official in the state, blocked the entrance to Police Headquarters and was arrested along with Earl G. Graves, the publisher of Black Enterprise magazine; Ed Lewis, the publisher of Essence magazine; the comedian Dick Gregory, and dozens of lawyers and several City Council members fresh from their hearing on the Police Department.
All were handcuffed, following police guidelines, as Representative Charles B. Rangel of Harlem and former Mayor David N. Dinkins were last week.
But the main political drama yesterday was at the City Council hearing, where Council members had been eagerly awaiting a chance to question Mr. Safir, only to be rebuffed by his office over the last few days. Police officials refused to say whether Mr. Safir's scheduling conflict with the Council hearing involved the Oscars, but the photos of the Commissioner in Los Angeles in black tie proved embarrassing, given what was going on back home.
''This was completely private,'' Marilyn Mode, a police spokeswoman, said of the Commissioner's trip. ''This was his weekend off.''
Mayor Rudolph W. Giuliani said that he had no problem with Mr. Safir's trip to the Academy Awards ceremony. ''He has every right to some degree of relaxation, like every other human being,'' the Mayor said yesterday after returning from a speaking engagement in Arizona.
But the Bronx Borough President, Fernando Ferrer -- who was arrested in yesterday's protest and spent about six hours at the Seventh Precinct station house before being released -- said that he thought the out-of-town trip sent the wrong message.
''There was a Police Commissioner at the Oscars last night. There was a Mayor golfing in Arizona,'' he said. ''They both have been in denial about the pain this is causing the city. They both seem not to get it, not to understand that we have submitted ourselves voluntarily for arrest not for fun, but to send a message.''
In addition to attending the Oscars, Mr. Safir went to a party held by Tina Brown, the former New Yorker editor, for her new magazine, called Talk.
Andrew Stengel, a spokesman for Miramax Films, which owns the magazine, said that Mr. Safir had been invited to the party by Ron Galotti, the magazine's publisher, who is a close friend of the Commissioner.
It was not clear whether Mr. Safir cut his trip short to return for the meeting.
In defending Mr. Safir, the Mayor also addressed suggestions over the weekend by Gov. George E. Pataki that Mr. Giuliani has not responded well to criticism over the Diallo case.
''I think we've done everything we can to try to deal with this in a sensitive and emotional and rational way,'' Mr. Giuliani said, pointing to a series of efforts ranging from his attempts to help the Diallo family to new sensitivity training now given to officers of the Street Crime Unit and the drive to attract more city residents to the Police Department.
''We're doing everything we can to try to deal with the pain and suffering that this causes -- because there's no question it causes a great deal of pain and suffering,'' said the Mayor, who did not mention Governor Pataki by name.
Before speaking to a class at Pace University, former Police Commissioner William J. Bratton said that he agreed with the Rev. Al Sharpton that Mayor Giuliani does not grasp the depth of feeling in black and Hispanic neighborhoods about police misconduct.
''Reverend Sharpton has clearly indicated that he doesn't believe the Mayor fully understands the feeling of the minority community about this issue,'' Mr. Bratton said. ''I share that opinion. The Mayor is going to have to understand that these demonstrations are reflections of a deep-rooted feeling, particularly in the minority community, that something is not working the way it should as it relates to police and community relations.''


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All Posts by Richard Tresch Fienberg
Enter the Science Visualization Challenge
The National Science Foundation has teamed up with Popular Science for the newly renamed science and engineering visualization challenge: The Vizzies. Deadline: 30 September.
Photos from the 224th AAS Meeting in Boston Are Now Online
Hundreds of snapshots from the June 2014 AAS meeting in Boston have been posted in our online gallery at photos.aas.org.


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I am running software on a server that may be turning off some ports and need to find out what it is. I have the ports I need to check. I just need to find out what is turning them off. How can I do this?
If you are using Windows, you can use Tcpview, a very convenient utility developed by Mark Russinovih before he became VP of Microsoft. It will refresh itself every 2 (??) seconds.
If you are on Linux, the command
will show you all connected ports, except for those where your system is listening, which are instead displayed by the command
Both commands show the process and Process ID which is using the port in question. If you wish to monitor your ports continuously, the command is
and likewise for the other version: it will refresh itself every two seconds.
On Mac OS, you use
or some slight variant, depending on the exact version of your OS, as discussed here.


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Eurogamer.net • Retro • Interviews Opinion Reviews
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Eurogamer vs Tom Bramwell
"I probably don't know what I'm talking about."
In media Rez: the return of Tetsuya Mizuguchi
From Sega Rally to Child of Eden, the past, present and future of the influential designer.
Saturday, 16 January 2016
Friday, 21 August 2015
Sunday, 8 February 2015
In media Rez: the return of Tetsuya Mizuguchi
From Sega Rally to Child of Eden, the past, present and future of the influential designer.
Friday, 28 November 2014
Eurogamer vs Tom Bramwell
"I probably don't know what I'm talking about."
Sunday, 12 October 2014
The man who made Conker - Rare's most adult game
From the archive: Chris Seavor on cancelled projects, the good old days and losing his rag.
Saturday, 7 June 2014
Saturday, 3 May 2014
Grave business: ET, Atari, and the reason some games need to be buried
"Dig up the past, all you get is dirty."
Saturday, 26 April 2014
Game Boy got soul
How the simple heart of Gunpei Yokoi's Game Boy has a legacy that goes beyond hardware.
Monday, 3 March 2014
Code Britannia: Raffaele Cecco
The last 8-bit superstar on the limits of the Spectrum, developer diaries and the refreshing nature of boring stuff.
Sunday, 9 February 2014
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What Ian Livingstone did next
He's done Fighting Fantasy, Games Workshop and Tomb Raider. Now, it's time to teach.
Thursday, 2 January 2014
Code Britannia: Tim Follin
The pioneer of 8-bit music talks about the challenge of chip tunes, and why he's (sort of) coming back to gaming.
Wednesday, 17 April 2013
Code Britannia: The Pickford Brothers
Meet the most prolific British developers you've never heard of.
Monday, 8 April 2013
Flying through life: Meet the man behind Panzer Dragoon
Yukio Futatsugi stumbled into the world of games, but he's left it a richer place.
Sunday, 24 February 2013
Saturday, 21 July 2012
Saturday Soapbox: Whatever Happened to the Working Class Hero?
How gaming's obsession with empowering fantasy is making us lose the human touch.
Thursday, 19 July 2012
Wednesday, 18 July 2012
Friday, 20 April 2012
Saturday, 18 February 2012
Saturday Soapbox: Why Everyone Is Amazing
Devs and gamers are united, and there can be only one winner: everyone!
Thursday, 13 October 2011
Ex-Rare devs talk Killer Instinct, Perfect Dark
Starfire Studios recounts Rare's heyday.
Saturday, 8 October 2011
Saturday Soapbox: Horrible Bosses
Are gaming's greatest villains an endangered species?
Saturday, 20 August 2011
Saturday Soapbox: Tempus Fugitives
What does 'retro' even mean these days?
Sunday, 29 May 2011
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The Story of X-Com
From the school playground to Laser Squad Nemesis in the words of Julian Gollop.
Sunday, 29 November 2009
Friday, 27 November 2009
Nintendo's Eiji Aonuma
Extensive video and text interview with the spirit of the Zelda series.
Sunday, 2 August 2009
Sunday, 26 July 2009
Sunday, 10 May 2009
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Death Tank's Ezra Dreisbach
On Lobotomy, Powerslave and why the Saturn was crap.
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Eurogamer meets Sonic's Dad
Let's all go round Naka's yard.
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Pokémon Go: Level up items and rewards, how to reach the level cap, unlock Great Balls and more
Pokémon Go region exclusives - how to catch Tauros, Kangaskhan, Mr. Mime, and Farfetch'd


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Del'Aziz Bermondsey
Venue Details & Map
Del'Aziz Bermondsey
- Address
11 Bermondsey Square
LondonSE1 3UN
One of the few restaurants anywhere near Bermondsey Street where you can walk in for dinner on a weekend night and not be turned away because you didn't book! Reasonable prices (under 20 quid for meat mains) and some really good grilled meats and tagines. The kebab sampler is a feast for two to share and for the carnivores will be pleased with the limited amount of veg with it. If you...more
Brilliant place for breakfast and brunch. Food is good, room is comfortable and the staff are terrifically friendly. Extra star because it is dog friendly and a bowl of water was immediately forthcoming!more
Absolutely love Del'Aziz for breakfast lunch or dinner! So much great food to choose from - recommend the chicken kebab and any of the dips with the pitta...and everything else! Amazing cakes too and massive meringues. Make the trip, its so nice to be off of Tooley Street and in a place where you might be able to find a table. The courtyard is lovely to sit in if you go when the weather is...more
What I like best about del Aziz is the sheer space. It's huge, so perfect for outings with the pram. But...not a fan of the food, so much. We went there for a weekday brunch. My coffee was cold and insipid. And I ate something called the frying pan, which sounded quite yummy from the description but was so cheesy and so potato-y that I couldn't taste much else. Also, I know this may not be...more
Interesting cafe/restaurant/bar with one side on Bermondsey Square opposite Gregg whatsisface's slated restaurant. This place had some amazing looking cakes in the window, and the coffee was served in a giant mug. You can buy a lot of the merchandise, and it seems that they have a big following. I was just glad there was some good coffee on the go while I waited to go into work.more


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- Police/Fire/Courts
- Business
- Local
- State/Northeast
- Nation/World
- 2016 Elections
- Special Reports
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- Movies & TV
New Haven - Connecticut could become the first state to curb loud movies under proposed legislation that's drawing opposition from the Motion Picture Association of America.
The legislature's Public Safety and Security Committee is considering the bill, which would prevent theaters from showing a film or preview that exceeded 85 decibels. The National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health recommends noise should be kept below 85 decibels for workers for eight hours to minimize hearing loss.
"Hopefully this will be a wakeup call to the theater owners and the MPAA to get their act together and do something that's good for the public and still will satisfy their needs," said William Young, a Stamford resident and chemical industry consultant who has pushed the measure. "Why they need such loud sounds is beyond me."
Jon Griffin, a policy specialist with the National Conference of State Legislatures, said he believes Connecticut would be the first state to regulate the maximum decibel level at movies. Vans Stevenson, a senior vice president with the MPAA, also said the issue is not regulated.
A New York lawmaker has unsuccessfully pushed a measure that called for preventing trailers and commercials from playing louder than feature films.
Dr. Robert Dobie, a professor at the University of Texas who is an expert in noise-induced hearing loss, said the 85-decibel standard is for workers' prolonged exposure, not occasional loud sounds from a movie.
"The exposure is so brief and intermittent that no one with any expertise would ever say that they have any real risk of hazard or harm," Dobie said. "I feel quite comfortable that the exposures are not anywhere near hazardous. It's the combination of level and duration that matters."
For comparison, the American Tinnitus Association says 85 decibels is the sound of average traffic, 80 decibels is the sound of an alarm clock 2 feet away and 100 decibels is the sound of a blow dryer.
Sen. Carlo Leone, D-Stamford, said he was part of a delegation that introduced the bill at Young's request. That way, a public hearing will help lawmakers determine how to proceed, he said.
"I support the concept moving forward," Leone said. "If there are other corrective measures without legislation and it takes care of the problem, that would be the better choice."
Stevenson told the committee at a hearing this past week that the legislation is unnecessary and undermines voluntary standards adopted by companies and theaters that set appropriate sound levels. A standard was developed at the request of theater owners to address audience complaints about excessively loud trailers and significant steps have been taken to voluntarily reduce volume levels, the association said.
"Certainly no one is going to do anything that would have a hint of being harmful," Stevenson said.
"We've gone to great lengths to make sure that average is in an acceptable range that is not harmful."
Young says the standard doesn't work because it measures the average decibel of an entire preview, so it can have extremely loud portions. Young, who has been working on the issue with his colleague, Arnold Gordon of Greenwich, says their tests of previews found sustained bursts as high as 110 decibels.
Young, who has a doctorate in chemistry, favors setting a peak limit. He says the sound is so loud it leaves his ears ringing.
"Who wants to sit there in pain?" Young said. "These companies shouldn't subject people to harmful sounds."
MPAA says the bill would violate the First Amendment right to free speech by regulating how a movie and trailer is presented and is discriminatory because it applies only to movie theaters and not to other venues such as rock concerts or sporting events.
Norwich man charged with fraudulently collecting unemployment compensation
UPDATED: Foxwoods names architect for Biloxi, Miss., casino project
Lyme man killed in East Haddam crash was to begin serving 10-year prison sentence
City to review summer camp protocol after boy, 7, found dead
Grant would update guide rails, signage on Ledyard road with high number of accidents
Appellate Court rules against Waterford commission in Kobyluck Bros. rock-crushing case
Casey & The Sports Doctor: Caroline Taber, rules changes, Matt Harvey
Waterford fabricator, national barbecue champion team up to design and manufacture pits


text:
Definition of levigate in English:
verb[with object]
Reduce (a substance) to a fine powder or smooth paste.
Example sentences
- Eighteen cars broke the qualifying record at Lowe's Motor Speedway after the track was levigated, but the grinding of the surface led to problems involving holes in the pavement.
Mid 16th century: from Latin levigat- 'made smooth, polished', from the verb levigare, from levis 'smooth'.
For editors and proofreaders
Syllabification: lev·i·gate
Definition of levigate in:
What do you find interesting about this word or phrase?
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text: Handmade Vintage Music Garland by Rastall and Daughters £6.50$11.63€7.84$8.72 In stock £3.45$6.17€4.16$4.63 delivery to United States Receive this item 5-10 working days from dispatch International delivery available quantity by Rastall and Daughters Location: Lincolnshire, GB read seller's profile see seller's complete range more items from this seller Hand Felted Acorn Garland by Rastall and Daughters £20$35.80€24.12$26.84 Pen And Ink Paper Placemats by Rastall and Daughters £27.75$49.68€33.47$37.24 25 China Plate Serving Papers by Rastall and Daughters £19.95$35.71€24.06$26.77 Vintage Style Placemats by Rastall and Daughters £29.95$53.61€36.12$40.19 Handmade Vintage Heart Music Garland by Rastall and Daughters £6.50$11.63€7.84$8.72 Felt Ball Garland by Rastall and Daughters £25.95$46.45€31.30$34.83 view all you may also like PRODUCT DETAILS DELIVERY RETURNS Made in Britain ask seller a question save for later If you love all things vintage, then you'll love this adorable garland! Perfect strung from the ceiling, along your mantle, at parties, weddings or anytime! Handmade from two layers of individual circles, cut from vintage music scores and then stitched together, you can leave them flat or fold into stars for a 3D effect. Buying Handmade: Due to the handmade nature of this product it may vary slightly from the image, this is all part of its unique charm! made from: Handmade from vintage sheet music. dimensions: Approx 150cm long, each circle is 3cm in diameter. product code: 171303 This product is dispatched to you by Rastall and Daughters. MAINLAND UK order now and receive this item by price Standard Delivery Monday 1 August £0.95$1.70€1.14$1.27 Tracked Two Day Delivery Thursday 28 July £4.90$8.77€5.91$6.57 Tracked Next Day Delivery Wednesday 27 July £5.90$10.56€7.11$7.91 NON-MAINLAND UK estimated delivery price Highlands & Islands of Scotland 2-5 working daysfrom dispatch £0.95$1.70€1.14$1.27 Northern Ireland 2-5 working daysfrom dispatch £0.95$1.70€1.14$1.27 Other UK Islands 2-5 working daysfrom dispatch £0.95$1.70€1.14$1.27 INTERNATIONAL DELIVERY estimated delivery price Western Europe 2-5 working daysfrom dispatch £2.75$4.92€3.31$3.69 Rest of Europe 5-10 working daysfrom dispatch £2.75$4.92€3.31$3.69 USA & Canada 5-10 working daysfrom dispatch £3.45$6.17€4.16$4.63 Asia & Australasia 5-10 working daysfrom dispatch £3.45$6.17€4.16$4.63 Rest of the world 5-14 working daysfrom dispatch £3.45$6.17€4.16$4.63 You have 28 days, from receipt of cancellable goods, to notify the seller if you wish to cancel your order or exchange an item. Please note: goods that are personalised, bespoke or made-to-order to your specific requirements, perishable products and personal items sold with a hygiene seal (cosmetics, underwear) in instances where the seal is broken are non-refundable, unless faulty. Read more about our returns policy.Should you choose to return or exchange your order you will need to deliver the item(s) to the UK, where this seller is based. Rastall and Daughters's return policy Please see notonthehighstreet.com's returns policy.