text:
Patent application title: FOIL TRANSFER APPARATUS AND PROCESS
Christopher K. Vanpelt (Nokomis, FL, US)
IPC8 Class: AB41D700FI
USPC Class:
101 33
Class name: Printing transferring preparatory designs
Publication date: 2010-03-25
Patent application number: 20100071573
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Method and apparatus for providing a printed substrate including at least
a portion having a foil image adhered to the substrate which includes
providing a heated thermal transfer plate and a makeready plate for
supporting the substrate, providing means for moving a sheet of substrate
one sheet at a time to a position between the thermal transfer plate and
the makeready plate, means for moving foil to a position between the
substrate and the thermal transfer plate and means for pressing the foil
against the substrate to produce an image on the substrate.
1. A method for printing a foil image on a substrate comprising the steps
of:a. providing foil in a continuous rollb. providing a substrate in
sheet form with the substrate including means on one side to promote
adhesion of the foil to the substrate upon the application of heat and
pressure;c. providing a makeready plate and means for feeding the
substrate one sheet at a time to the makeready plate;d. providing a
heated heat transfer plate in a position above the makeready plate;e.
feeding the foil to a position between the heat transfer plate and the
substrate; andf. pressing the foil against the substrate to produce a
foil image on the substrate.
2. The method as described in claim 1 and including the step of providing raised portions on the makeready plate which coincide with the portions of the foil to be adhered to the substrate so that upon pressing the foil against the substrate heat and pressure is applied to the foil at the raised portions.
3. The method as defined in claim 2 and said pressing step comprising moving the makeready plate toward the thermal transfer plate to press the foil against the substrate to provide for the adhesion of the foil over at least a portion of the substrate to provide a foil image thereon.
4. The method as defined in claim 1 and including the step of providing at least one toner image on that portion of the substrate that the foil is to be adhered to.
5. The method as defined in claim 3 and in which said toner is dimensional toner.
6. The method as defined in claim 4 and including feeding the sheets of substrate in cycles and to simultaneously advancing the foil to provide a new portion of the foil to a position above each sheet of substrate as the substrate is fed to a position to have the foil adhered to said toner image on said sheet of substrate.
7. The method as defined in claim 1 and including providing the face of the thermal transfer plate with a coating of silicone.
8. The method as defined in claim 2 and including said raised portions being silicone.
9. Apparatus for producing a foil image on a substrate comprising;a) a first plate and a second plate disposed in a face to face position.b) at least one of said plates being selectively heatable;c) said substrate being selectively positioned between said plates;d) said substrate having a face and at least one toner image formed on said face;e) a foil and said foil being selectively positioned overlying said face of said substrate;e) said plates being selectively operable to press said foil against said substrate to produce a foil image on said substrate where said toner mage is engaged by said foil.
10. The apparatus as defined in claim 9 and including a block disposed between said plate and said toner image on said substrate to produce compression between said foil and said toner image when said foil is pressed against substrate by said plates.
11. The apparatus as defined in claim 10 and in which said blocks are formed of silicone.
[0001]The present invention is directed to a foil transfer process and apparatus and more particularly to a process and an apparatus for utilizing toner and a heat and pressure process for adhering foil to paper to produce a foil printed product.
[0002]Processes for printing a substrate such as paper with foil are not new. U.S. Pat. No. 6,223,799 discloses a foil transfer apparatus for applying a foil to a toner printed unto paper or the like which includes a rotating impression cylinder and a rotating transfer cylinder. Heat is applied to portions of the transfer cylinder and the foil and the paper are web fed between the cylinders utilizing the heat and compression to transfer the metallic foil to the portions of the paper having the printed toner. Such systems require rather complicated timing means to rotate the cylinders at a speed which will properly position the foil over the individual sheets of paper. Further the heating means utilized in such systems are located outside of the cylinders and therefore do not efficiently apply heat to the paper and to the foil. Bleed-over of the foil or adhesion to the toner on toner images not intended to be foil printed is a common problem in systems of this type. With such systems it is difficult to provide a printed substrate which has normally printed images and foil images on the same sheet.
[0003]The present invention provides apparatus for and a sheet feed process for printing foil on a substrate such as paper. While the process of the present invention can be utilized to print foils such as metallic, transparent or pigment foils onto a substrate such as paper the process will, for purposes of illustration, be described using metallic foil. The paper is preprinted to provide a layer of toner on the paper where metallic images are to be provided. The paper can also have toner in the form of printing which is not to have a foil layer attached. The sheets of paper are fed one sheet at a time to a transfer station. A foil of the make that will adhere to toner under heat and pressure is also fed to the transfer station preferably from a roll of foil above the sheet of preprinted paper. Heat and pressure are applied to the foil and paper at the transfer station by a thermal transfer plate which engages the foil as a makeready plate facing the thermal transfer plate is moved toward the thermal transfer plate. Means are located on the makeready plate to concentrate the heat and pressure on the foil and the paper in those areas where foil images are to adhere to toner. The printed paper with foil images is then moved from the transfer station and a new sheet of preprinted paper and a new portion of the foil are moved into position at the transfer station. The system of the present invention permits the printing of a substrate such as paper with normal print and foil printed images on the same sheet of paper.
[0004]A better understanding of a preferred embodiment of the present invention can be had by referring to the drawings wherein;
[0005]FIG. 1 is a schematic view of the printing method and apparatus of the present invention at a print ready position of the apparatus;
[0006]FIGS. 2A-2E are schematic views illustrating steps in the method of the present invention;
[0007]FIG. 3 is a fragmentary cross sectional view of a portion of the apparatus shown in FIG. 1;
[0008]FIG. 4 is fragmentary exploded view illustrating the relative positioning of the elements of the method during the process; and
[0009]FIG. 5 is an enlarged fragmentary cross sectional view of a portion of the structure shown in FIG. 3.
[0010]Now referring to the drawings for a description of a preferred embodiment of the present invention, FIG. 1 shows an apparatus diagrammatically as including a printing press 10 having a lower assembly 12 selectively vertically movable by a conventional drive 14. An upper assembly 16 of the printing press 10 is fixed and the lower assembly 12 is movable toward and away from the upper assembly 16. The upper assembly 16 includes a chase 18 and, as can best be seen in FIG. 3, a thermal transfer plate 20 is mounted to the chase 18 and includes a face 22. A coating 23 preferably formed of a silicone or similar material is provided on the face 22. A heater 26 is provided in the upper assembly 16 in a position to heat the thermal transfer plate 20.
[0011]Still referring to FIG. 3 the lower assembly 12 of the press 10 includes a makeready plate 30 having a face 34 opposite the face 22 on the thermal transfer plate 20. The space between the face 22 of thermal transfer plate 20 and the face 34 of the makeready plate 30 forms a transfer station generally indicated at 36. Blocks 38 are disposed on the face 34 of the makeready plate 38 in a spaced array for purposes that will be more clearly indicated as the description proceeds.
[0012]FIGS. 1 and 3 disclose the press 10 in a position prior to printing with the lower assembly 12 in the lowermost position and with the makeready plate 30 separated from the thermal transfer plate 20. As shown in FIG. 1 foil 40 is fed from a supply roll 42 through the space between the thermal transfer plate 20 and the makeready plate 30 to a take up roll 43. Paper 44 is fed one sheet at a time to the transfer station 36 to a position between the foil 40 and the face 34 of the makeready plate 30. The paper 44 is pre-printed to provide images in the form of toner 46 and 47. The toner images 47 are intended to be provided with a layer of foil 40 while the toner images 46 are to be left as normal printing. It is to be understood that the toner images 46 and 47 are formed in the same manner and the different numerals to distinguish them is simply to indicate which are to be coated with foil and which are not.
[0013]As can best be seen in FIG. 4 when a sheet of pre-printed paper 44 with toner images 46 and 47 is moved to the transfer station 36 atop the makeready plate 30 and unused foil 40 is disposed in the transfer station 36 above the paper 44, the drive 14 is actuated to move the makeready plate 30 toward the thermal transfer plate 20 to provide heat and compression to the foil 40 to adhere the foil 40 to the paper 44 in those areas with images formed by toner 47.
[0014]The blocks 38 as best shown in FIGS. 4 and 5 provide a means for fusing the metallic foil 40 to the toner image areas 47 on the sheets of paper 44 with a minimum of affect on other toner image 46. This is accomplished by cutting silicone, or a material with characteristics similar to silicone, and of the type used on the thermal transfer plate 20 to form the blocks 38 and placing the blocks 38 on the makeready plate 30 in positions below the toner images 47 so that when pressure is applied by moving the makeready plate 30 against the thermal transfer plate 20 pressure is only applied to the paper 44 in areas where the blocks 38 are compressed against the thermal transfer plate 20. This provides a layer of foil 40 which will adhere to the toner images 47 but because no compression is being applied to the paper 44 in the vicinity of the toner images 46 the printing represented by those images 46 will be left in their preprinted form. The result will ordinarily be a printed paper 44 in which only a selected portion of the printed images are covered with a coating of foil 40. Of course the process of the present invention can, when it is desired to do so, provide a foil coating over all of the toner images on the sheet of paper.
[0015]As best can be seen in FIG. 3 heating means 48 can be provided to heat the makeready plate 30 to provide additional heat to the paper 44 during impression. With such means there would be less heat loss from the thermal transfer plate 20 upon each impression.
[0016]FIGS. 2A-2E illustrate the steps in the printing process of the present invention. FIG. 2A shows a sheet of paper 44 preprinted to provide toner images 47 in the locations on the paper 44 where the foil 40 is to be applied. The blocks 38, although shown as matching the toner 47 on the paper 44 in size and location, do not have to be as precise as shown. All that is necessary is that the blocks 38 be located to match up with the toner images 47 on the paper 44 but it is only necessary that the blocks 38 at least cover the area where the toner images 47 are located. The purpose of the blocks 38 is to concentrate the pressure on the foil 40 and the toner images 47 in the area of the toner images 47 so that when compression is applied upon closing of the makeready plate 30 against the thermal transfer plate 20 bleed-over is prevented between toner images 47 and 46. This insures that the layer of foil 40 will be applied to toner images 47 without coating those images 46 which are to be left as normal printing.
[0017]FIGS. 2B and 2C illustrates the paper 44 in a position on the makeready plate 30 with the foil 40 (FIG. 2C) overlying the paper 44. The blocks 38 are disposed on the makeready plate 30 beneath the toner image 47 which are to be coated with foil 40. The paper 44 also contains toner images 46 in the form of printing.
[0018]FIG. 2D illustrates the thermal transfer plate 20 applying heat and pressure to the foil 40 and the paper 44 and FIG. 2E illustrates the finished sheet of paper 44 with foil 40 covered toner images 50 and the normal toner images 46.
[0019]The toner images 46 and 47 are, of course, provided by a conventional printer which prints by applying toner images such as a laser printer or a copier which will apply toner 46 and 47 to the paper 44 in an ordinary printing process. All that is necessary is that a foil 40 be selected which will adhere to toner upon the application of heat and pressure. The printed paper 44 is then fed to the work station 36 (FIG. 1) one sheet at a time to have only toner images 47 coated with foil 40.
[0020]FIG. 4 illustrates the position when the makeready plate 30 and the thermal transfer plate 20 are separated to receive the printed paper 44 with toner 47 and blocks 38 in the locations where the foil coated images (not shown) are to be applied to the paper 44. The foil 40 has been moved to provide a clean portion to a position above the sheet of paper 44.
[0021]Using the process with a regular toner will provide a flat printed foil image. To obtain an embossed foil image a dimensional toner is used as a replacement for regular toner. One such dimensional toner found to be suitable for the process of the present method to produce an embossed image is sold by Kodak under the trademark "Dimensional Clear DryInk".
[0022]It should be noted that although silicone has been selected to provide the coating 23 on the face 22 of the thermal transfer plate 20 and the blocks 38 other materials could be used to form the coating 23 and the blocks 38 as well. It is important, however, that the material selected provide cushioning of the paper 44 without unduly interfering with the transfer of heat from the heater 26. Foil 40 needs to be selected of the type that will adhere to toner upon the application of heat and compression. The toner images 46 and 47 are applied to the substrate in the form of printing from a printer which prints by applying a toner image.
[0023]The present invention provides an advantage over conventional foil stamping presses that require that a die be provided for each run. This makes short runs cost prohibitive. With the present invention the die is replaced by the thermal transfer plate 20 and the foil 40 is transferred to the paper 44 without the necessity of a die. Further the present invention provides a means of providing a foil layer either flat or embossed on selected images on a pre-printed substrate such as paper.
[0024]The method of the present invention can be utilized by converting conventional foil stamping presses by replacing the die ordinarily used in such presses with the thermal transfer plate 20. Such dies are commonly 1/4 inch thick and for this reason it is preferred that the transfer thermal plate also be 1/4 inch thick.
[0025]While the method of the present invention has been described as including a makeready plate as moving toward the thermal transfer plate it should be apparent that the thermal transfer plate could as well be movable toward the makeready plate or the plates could each be movable toward the other.
[0026]It should be apparent that a process and apparatus has been provided which makes it possible to economically create multiple copies of a sheet of paper 44 with either all of the print or portions of the print having a layer of foil 40. Further, by providing different sizes and a different number of blocks 38 and placing them differently on the makeready plate 30 different printed images can be layered. The ease at which the areas of printed paper 44 can be selected to be provided with a foil finish makes it economical to provide relatively short runs of different printed materials.
[0027]It should also be apparent to one with ordinary skill in the art that other modifications can be made to the invention as described without departing from the sprit of the invention or the scope of the appended claims.
Patent applications in all subclasses TRANSFERRING PREPARATORY DESIGNS
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text:
Letter from MLK to Georges Cravenne
Dr. King expresses his appreciation to Mr. Cravenne for inviting him to the Palais des Sports. He also thanks Cravenne for supporting the struggle in equal human rights.
Tuesday, April 5, 1966
Letter from James Farmer to MLK
Chairman J. Farmer gives Dr. King a report from the National Advisory Committee of CORE.
Wednesday, August 16, 1967
Letter from to Mrs. B. B. Tolman
Dr. King writes to Mrs. E. B. Tolman, thanking her for her support of the Southern Christian Leadership Conference.
Wednesday, November 15, 1967
Two Americas
This essay highlights the realities of poverty stricken aliens in an affluent society. Through its examination of Negro-white relations, urban riots, and the War on Poverty, the author insists that the nonviolent struggle for civil rights must continue.
Letter from Mary A. Edmonds to MLK
Mary A. Edmonds expresses her disapproval of Dr. King and the Civil Rights Movement.
Monday, October 30, 1967
Letter from Prarthana Samaj Bombay (India) to MLK
The former ambassador of India to the United States previously wrote Dr. King, inviting him to the Centenary Celebrations. The author recalls this invitation and references the history of Bombay's Prarthana Samaj. The organization is founded on the betterment of society, religion and education. The Prarthana Samaj would be proud to welcome Dr. King, as he is an "apostle" of Mahatma Gandhi.
Wednesday, April 14, 1965
Inauguration Response by J. Lynwood Gresham
This document is the inauguration response delivered by Dr. J. Lynwood Gresham of Barber-Scotia College.
Friday, November 10, 1967
Telegram from MLK to Fred Shuttlesworth
Dr. King provides support and encouragement to Rev. Shuttlesworth.
SCLC Launches Chicago Political Drive
The SCLC releases a statement regarding the launching of a Chicago Political Drive, sponsored by the SCLC and the Coordinating Council of Community Organizations. SCLC Southern Project Director, Hosea Williams, will head the campaign. The focuses of this campaign are voter registration and education.
Youth in the World of Work
Daniel H. Kruger describes many aspects of current labor trends in regards to automation, education and employment ratios in the United States.
Letter from MLK to Crawford Johnson
Dr. King expresses his appreciation to Mr. Crawford Johnson for an event hosted at the Palais des Sports in Paris, France.
Tuesday, April 5, 1966
Letter from Dora McDonald to Jean Bennett
Dora McDonald writes Jean Bennett on behalf of Dr. King expressing his regards for offering to donate a substantial portion of the royalties from the recording of "We Ain't What We Was" to an organization of his choice.
Friday, May 13, 1966
Photograph of MLK
Guenther Jacobs from Germany sends Dr. King a photo for him to autograph.
Letter from Durand R. Kinloch to MLK
Supporter Durand Kinloch describes himself as "an average white graduate student" with two children who wants to continue to support Dr. King's fight for civil rights. He stresses that love and nonviolence are needed more than ever as he witnesses a resurgence of hate in 1967.
Friday, August 4, 1967
Prayer (Definition)
Dr. King quotes William James' definition of Prayer.
Memorandum from Theodore E. Brown Regarding 1968 Trip to Nigeria
Theodore E. Brown, the director of the American Negro Leadership Conference on Africa, reports the results of his recent trip to Nigeria to members of the Call Committee.
Tuesday, February 27, 1968
Letter from Detroit Resident to MLK
The Detroit resident identifies the Negro man's concept of equality as being intertwined with the sexual exploitation of white women. The author references an article that cites the disparity in numbers of illegitimate children amongst blacks and white.
Monday, November 21, 1966
Board of National Missions Writes the Editors of the Washington Post
George E. Todd, G. H. Jack Woodard, and Joseph W. Merchant send a letter to the Editors of the Washington Post regarding the Mississippi Action for Progress. They claim the organization is a tool for the destruction of the Child Development Group of Mississippi. Additional allegations are made that MAP was an instrument of the governor and legislature of Mississippi to stall school integration.
Monday, October 24, 1966
Letter from Jack Egle to Reverend Martin Sargent
The European Director of the Council of Student Travel, Jack Egle, writes Martin Sargent addressing a statement made in the Herald Tribune regarding Dr. King's and Harry Belanfonte's opinions on the Vietnam War.
Tuesday, April 12, 1966
Justice Harlan Concurring
This newspaper article discusses John Marshall Harlan's dissent with the case of "Plessy vs. Ferguson," and how Harlan was not acknowledged when the case was overturned.
Letter from MLK
Dr. King thanks the supporters of the "Martin Luther King Fund" for their integral role in the effort to end poverty and discrimination.
Letter from Ludwig Meyer to MLK
Ludwig Meyer, Chairman of the Frankford Friends Meeting's Forum Committee, invites Dr. King to speak at his organization. Meyer states that if the date of the event is not convenient, he would like Coretta Scott King to be present.
Friday, July 30, 1965
Get Well Letter from Albert Adams to Dr. Martin Luther King Jr.
Out of the many well wishes sent to Dr. King, he received one in particular from this New York inmate, Albert Adams. Mr. Adams wished Dr. King a full recovery and prayed that he would not, again, endure the same hardship.
Saturday, September 20, 1958
News Article about MLK's Church and Atlanta Housing Project
In this article, the author highlights Dr. King's involvement with a recent urban housing redevelopment project. The author states that the Ebenezer Baptist Church will commit full sponsorship; he later discusses the various plans in more detail and the purpose to community it will serve.
Life (Poem)
Dr. King writes down part of playwright and composer Sir Noël Coward's song "Twentieth Century Blues."
Letter from Mary L. Powell to MLK
Mary L. Powell writes to Dr. King expressing how she has been following and considering his plans, but disproves of his methods.
Monday, January 8, 1968
Adverse Postcard
The author of this postcard questions the concept of Black Power and informs Dr. King of his dismay for integration.
Wednesday, July 6, 1966
Letter From William S. Minor to MLK
William S. Minor writes Dr. King thanking him for responding to a personal invite regarding research on racial revolution.
Tuesday, June 22, 1965
Letter from T. K. Mahadevan to MLK
T. K. Mahadevan writes Dr. King asking him to contribute to an article paying homage to the late Reverend A. J. Muste.
Friday, February 17, 1967
Dr. King explains the philosophy of existentialism.

subset: commoncrawl


text:
Obama asks Vermont to help host immigrant childrenJuly 17,2014MONTPELIER The Obama administration has asked Vermont whether it can house immigrant children who have crossed into the United States over the Mexican border.
Gov. Peter Shumlins office says that its willing to investigate locations and logistical requirements and work with them to determine if Vermont would be an appropriate host state.
Democratic opposition increased Wednesday to legal changes that would speed removals of young Central American migrants, jeopardizing President Barack Obamas call for $3.7 billion in emergency border spending to deal with the surge of unaccompanied youths at the South Texas border.
The Burlington Free Press first reported that the Democratic Shumlins office said Vermont has a long history of offering help to those from other countries in need, and we are willing to explore whether we can lend a helping hand as this crisis is resolved.MORE IN This Just InNORTH BENNINGTON Two public meetings, in North Bennington and Shaftsbury, have been set for... Full StoryThe Board of Aldermen has endorsed a major jump in city pension funding. Full StoryHUBBARDTON The annual celebration of Hubbardton has been moved to Sunday due to the weather... Full Story
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Hot answers tagged geocoding
The sensor parameter is required by Google as they need this information for statistics as part of their licensing terms with their data providers. Taken from this Google Groups post (from a Google employee by the looks of it) The sensor parameter doesn't give you any geo location capabilities it just lets us know as part of our licensing terms ...
See this thread on plotting map points from excel entries. If you can get the .pdf information into a spreadsheet, these services might be able to help: http://productforums.google.com/forum/#!topic/maps/baw9A5LuS3o Sorry I can't be more specific, but the thread lists various sites that do allow map plotting based on address info.
Log in to your Google account (not mandatory) Browse to Google Maps Search for the first address Once located, click the pin and select "Save to.." Select "Create a new map..." Repeat 3-4 for next address, but save to the map you've just created. Repeat 6 for subsequent addresses Finally, edit the map: change the name, privacy settings and add comments for ...
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I also have English OS, Firefox using English locale, and I am in the US. So to force me to use Japanese map service, I went to www.bing.co.jp (same as I do for Google when I explicitly want Japanese results), the select Maps from the top menu. Since you are in Japan, Bing might be sending you there by default. Then I entered "10 Downing Street, London" as ...
batchgeo.com lets you paste a table of addresses, choose which columns represent which parts of the address, and then it puts all the addresses on a Google map. Worked like a charm for me!
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Pastry Chef Nicolas Blouin of Rosewood Mansion on Turtle Creek - Biography
Dallas, TX
Raised in Toulouse, France, Nicolas Blouin began his pastry training like many of his young schoolmates, working at a small bakery in his hometown when he was only 15. He continued his training at the Pastry School of Muret, completing apprenticeships specializing in pastry and chocolate confections.
Blouin then moved to America to work at the Walt Disney World Swan and Dolphin resort hotel under two-time world champion Pastry Chef Laurent Branlard. Eager to expand his knowledge, Blouin returned to Europe and worked at Michelin-starred restaurants in Switzerland and France.
In 2006, Chef Blouin was ready to return to the United State, taking a position at the Bellagio in Las Vegas under renowned Chef Jean Philippe Maury. He later served as pastry chef at the Aria Resort & Casino, where he managed two locations of the Jean Philippe Pâtisserie.
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Pastry Chef Nicolas Blouin@rwturtlecreek
- Rosewood Mansion on Turtle Creek
2821 Turtle Creek Blvd
Dallas, TX 75219
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Package size: 35x23x20cm
Container capacity: 800ml
Hose length: 1.5m


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Hi TCBarrett,
first of all: many thanks for your great plugin.
I just tested in a test-multisite-installation and it worked just fine.
Now in my "staging"-environment with a multisite wordpress I only get a 404 when viewing the Glossar Terms (atoz is working fine).
Multisite is with "subdirectories": Main-Blog and "/de/" and "/en/"-Version.
I've activated WP Glossary in the "DE"-Version and created the term "usb" which has the permalink: /de/glossary/usb
When viewing the site, I only get "not found"
I already deinstalled and installed again. I know this is kind of unspecific, but nevertheless ... do you have any idea
(and yes I already updated the permalinks, I even deleted the rewrite_rules from *_options-table in the database)
Do you have any further ideas.
Thank you in advance
By the way, when running with WP_DEBUG, I get some warnings.
For e.g. in
wp-glossary.php on line 50
get_plugin_data returns an array, so it should be:
$in_file_version = $plugin['Version'];
And your option-key is named:
I think it should be:


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SPRINGFIELD, Mo. -- Consumers Markets here is about to launch two products it has earmarked for "signature" status. "Signature" products either quietly evolve as such because of their popularity, or they are deliberately developed and promoted to provide a competitive edge, retailers have told SN. Consumers Markets has taken the latter tack. Store-made shrimp salad and store-baked cheesecake are the items the chain has developed with a view to setting its deli and bakery departments apart ...
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Atlanta, GAUSA
October 9, 2013
To enrich my understanding of the Polish culture and heritage.
Oh, everything. Personally interested in learning to speak Polish, interacting with others in the area and of course Polish cooking and traditions.
Originally from Connecticut, I relocated to Georgia in 1995 from New York for work. I have recently retired and began to research my Polish heritage with my sister Joyce. I have been taking polish language lessons for the past 9 months.
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I know that this was asked million times but I do not how to define my search,so please have patience.
I want to make method which is going to set some proprieties on control dynamical refer to sting sent to method.
something like this
public void SetGridColumnProperty(ref DataGridView grid,string columnName, string propretyName, string propertyValue )
grid.Columns[columnName].("I know this can't be done as this") = propertyValue;
I apologize if my question is hard to understand,
Here what I want to do
I am making WinForms app whic is using lot od Data Grid Views for displaying and editing data.
As I have needs to often change looks of my girds, add columns edit order and other My idea was to hold some kind of metadata for each DataGird on form, And when I showing form to user I want before I load my form set properties of grid by join metadata and properties of specific grid.
I want to have config files separated of real code in XML or in DataBase so when I do edits on my application I do not have to recompile new code, Just change my xml and at next loding forom it looks as I like


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our mailing list. It's so wizard.
by Pizzo
17 February, 2011@7:05 am
2 comments
17 February, 2011@7:05 am
2 comments
Preem keeps it classy, no shit talking on his part. #respect
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DJ EFN – "Who's Crazy?" (feat. Scarface, Troy Ave & Stalley; prod. DJ Premier) / "Fiyah Gun" (feat. Smif-N-Wessun, Spragga Benz, Kardinal Offishall & Bittah Sosicka)
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Is it just me or does Primo look like Eli Porter in the freeze frame?
The 1:30 mark sez it all:
-"Have you ever met Solar?"
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Photo by Lynn Michelle / lynnmichelle.com
h/t to Reddit for gathering some of these amazing shots.
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In The News Today
- The Democratic National Convention kicks off today and it's already off to a rocky start. Here's what you need to know 🇺🇸🔔
- Two people were killed and at least 16 others were injured in a shooting outside a nightclub in Fort Myers, Florida.
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The Bump Baby Registry
Now is the perfect time to start your Baby Registry!START A REGISTRY
Does my breastfeeding toddler need additional calcium? He nurses for about 30 minutes each day and doesn't really like cow's milk.
It depends on how those 30 minutes of breastfeeding are spread over the course of the day. Is it six five-minute nursings or one 30-minute stretch? Most toddlers can get a tremendous amount of milk in five minutes, so he may be getting all the calcium he needs from you if he's nursing often. The nutrients in your milk will meet his nutritional needs much more completely than the milk of another species (i.e., a cow). It also depends on the other foods he's eating. Cheese, yogurt, leafy greens, and fortified juices are good sources of calcium too.


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College Hoops 2K6 PlayStation 2
- Critic score
- Publication
- By date
College Hoops 2K6 combines solid graphics/controls, with a deep Legacy mode, that should keep your attention far past this NCCA season.
Greg Gumble and Clark Kellogg do a nice job with postgame highlights and their "Selection Sunday" show lends real NCAA flavor to the proceedings. In the booth, Vern Lundquist and Bill Rafferty do a solid job of keeping commentary interesting.
There are only two college basketball games available, EA's or 2K's. The latter costs less and plays better, so the choice is pretty clear.
It's not the prettiest looking game, but College Hoops 2K6 still delivers where it counts, as a deep and accurate simulation of NCAA basketball.
A dream for simulation basketball fans. The deep Legacy mode and great broadcast presentation will keep you coming back deep into March.
Game InformerThe defensive steal system just doesn't feel right, and the interaction animations between players can produce some funky results. [Jan 2006, p.138]
A solid and engrossing basketball game that may lack the high quality presentation and panache of EA's NCAA franchise, but holds its own with an engaging and fairly deep set of options and selectable play modes.
One thing 2K Sports continually proves, however, is that it can bring the game even when it doesn't look as sharp as the competition.
Awards & Rankings
User Score
Mixed or average reviews- based on 5 Ratings
User score distribution:
Positive: 1 out of 1
Mixed: 0 out of 1
Negative: 0 out of 1
AndrewC.Dec 28, 2005I'm not saying this is a sub-par game compared to previous years, it's not bad at all. It just doesn't have the fun factor I'm not saying this is a sub-par game compared to previous years, it's not bad at all. It just doesn't have the fun factor that previous games have had. The new controls are also a bit confusing, making for a fairly-steep learning curve. The legacy mode is still solid, though, and the game itself is still worth at least a rental if you're a fan of college basketball.… Full Review »


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SEOUL, Feb. 21 (Yonhap) -- North Korea on Friday confirmed an outbreak of food-and-mouth disease (FMD), which led to the culling of thousands of pigs, for the first time this year.
The animal disease broke out at a pig farm in a suburb of Pyongyang on January 8 and spread to 17 areas of Pyongyang and Junghwa County of North Hwanghae Province near Pyongyang, the (North) Korean Central News Agency (KCNA) said in a Korean-language report.
The outbreak is the first since April 2011.
Of about 3,200 pigs infected by FMD Type O viruses, some 360 died from the disease with about 2,900 culled, causing huge financial losses, the KCNA said.
The quarantine authorities have issued emergency quarantine measures across the country and blocked traffic in the affected areas as well as conducted disinfection procedures there, it said.
However, the KCNA expressed concerns over the wide spread of the animal disease, citing a lack of preventive medicine and diagnostic kits and difficulty in securing disinfectant.
Earlier Thursday, the agriculture ministry of South Korea said it had been notified of the outbreak in the North by the World Organization for Animal Health (OIE).
According to the OIE, the North reported the outbreak more than a month after it broke out, without explaining why.
FMD is an infectious and sometimes fatal disease that affects cloven-hoofed animals, such as pigs, cattle, deer and sheep.
<All rights reserved by Yonhap News Agency>


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A characterisation of logistics networks for product recovery
Recovery of used products is receiving much attention recently due to growing environmental concern. Efficient implementation requires appropriate logistics structures to be set up for the arising goods flow from users to producers. We investigate the design of such logistics networks. As a basis for our analysis we review recent case studies on logistics network design for product recovery in different industries. We identify general characteristics of product recovery networks and compare them with traditional logistics structures. Moreover, we derive a classification scheme for different types of recovery networks.
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Volume (Year): 28 (2000)
Issue (Month): 6 (December)
Pages: 653-666
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Top Definition
The act of planting an overweight bitch up the shitter, and then proceeding to wipe your shit covered dick all over her passed-out friends face.
After he finished planting jumbo sally up the cornhole,,he went out to the loungeroom and gave danielle a Matt Fox.
by foxinator84 January 12, 2012
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Financial strategy and debt facilities
In order to adapt the financing structure to a public company profile and to optimize terms & conditions in May 2011 Amadeus signed an agreement with a group of banks to refinance its existing debt through a new senior unsecured € 2,700 M faciity.
The Group's long term financial strategy followed in the (turbulent) period 2010-2014 pursued the following objectives:
- reduce cost of financing by reducing the credit spreads
- diversify funding sources as much as possible to compensate banks deleverage process and the consequent unwillingness to lend money to corporates
- increase flexibility
- extend the maturity profile of our debt
To pursue Amadeus' long term financing strategy and to improve the terms & conditions of the €2.700 facility the company has performed several refinancing transactions along the period 2010-2013 being the most relevant the following
€ 750 M - 5 year Eurobond - Coupon 4.875% - issued in July 2011
€ 200 M - European Investment Bank Loan - 9 year - fixed coupon - signed in May 2012
€ 150 M - European Investment Bank Loan - 9 year - fixed coupon -signed in April 2013
€ 200 M - RCF -sgned in April 2012 with 2.5 maturity tenor
€ 300 M - RCF -signed in November 2013 - with a 5 maturity tenor
In February 2014 we completed the acquisition of Newmarket Inc for an amount of USD 500m. This acquisition was financed through a 5 years Amortizing Term Loan of USD 500m. In December 2014 the Company refinanced this USD Term Loan with a Euro Bond of €400m and same duration but with a lower margin (coupon 0.625%)
Following the strategy of diversifying its sources of financing Amadeus set up in December 2014 a European Commercial Paper Program amounting to €500 M.
In March 2015 Amadeus signed a new €1.000 RCF with a group of 12 banks.
In July 2015 Amadeus signed a new facility agreement amounting €500 with the same group of 12 banks to partially finance the Navitaire acquisition.
In order to complete the financing of Navitaire's acquisition the Company has issued in November 2015 a €500 Mio Eurobond with maturity Nov 2021.
Post-closing of the first quarter, on April 26, 2016 we agreed a new €500 million Single Currency Revolving Loan Facility, with a five-year term. This facility will be used for working capital requirements and general corporate purposes, including the refinancing of the €750 million notes (part of the Euro Medium Term Note Programme) which matured in July 2016. The €500 million Facility B of the €1,000 million Revolving Loan Facility executed in March 2015 was cancelled simultaneously.
Overview of Amadeus' Debt Structure
Debt maturity profile as of June 30, 2016 (€m)
(Click on image to enlarge)
|Bank financing
|Amortising Term Loan
|Jul 2020
|_ Amortization: €125m Jan & Jul 2019, €125m Jan & Jul 2020
|Capital markets financing
|Euro Bond
Jul 2016
Dec 2017
Nov 2021
_ Bullet in July 2016
_ Bullet in December 2017
_ Bullet in November 2021
|EIB Loans
|Development Loans
May 2021
May 2022
_ First loan: Senior loan to finance R&D investment in IT. Amortising: bi-annual payments from Nov 2015 (first tranche of €150m) and Nov 2016 (second tranche of €50m), last payment in May 2021
_ Second loan: Senior loan to finance R&D investment in Distribution. Amortising: bi-annual payments from Nov 2017, last payment in May 2022
|European Commercial Paper
|Max 364 days
|_ Short term financing facility
|Revolving Credit Facilities
Mar 2020
Jul 2021
|_ Available liquidity to cover working capital needs and other


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STUDY: Media Ignore Climate Context Of Midwest Floods
The Midwest has experienced near record flooding this spring, resulting in four deaths, extensive property damage, and disruptions of agriculture and transportation. Evidence suggests that manmade climate change has increased the frequency of heavy downpours, and will continue to increase flooding risks. But in their ample coverage of Midwestern flooding, major media outlets rarely mentioned climate change.
By Jill Fitzsimmons & Shauna Theel, via Media Matters
Less Than 3 Percent Of Midwest Flood Stories Mention Climate Change
ABC, NBC And CNN Entirely Ignore Climate Connection. ABC, CBS, NBC and CNN devoted 74 full segments to flooding in the Midwest, but only one — on CBS Evening News — alluded to the fact that heavy downpours have increased (one percent of coverage). That segment did not explain that scientists have attributed this to climate change, and did not feature any scientists. MSNBC and Fox News were not included in this analysis because transcripts of their daytime coverage are not available in Nexis. [CBS News, 5/2/13]
USA TODAY Only National Print Outlet To Mention Climate Context Of Floods. USA TODAY, which recently launched a year-long series on the impacts of climate change, was the only national print outlet in our study that mentioned climate change in its reporting on Midwestern floods. The Associated Press, Reuters, Los Angeles Times, New York Times, and Wall Street Journal never mentioned climate change in a total of 35 articles on the floods. The Washington Post did not cover the flooding independently. In total, only 3 percent of national print coverage mentioned climate change. [USA TODAY, 4/22/13] [Media Matters, 3/1/13]
Local Media Largely Ignore Climate Context Of Floods. Less than 4 percent of local newspaper articles on flooding in the Midwest mentioned climate change — only 4 of 107 articles. The Kansas City Star, Des Moines Register, Detroit Free Press, Minneapolis Star-Tribune and Indianapolis Star never made that connection. Flooding in the area has nearly surpassed records, leading to four deaths, delays in planting agriculture, disruptions in transportation, and potential health impacts. [The Atlantic Wire, 4/25/13] [Union of Concerned Scientists, 4/30/13] [Climate Central, 4/26/13]
No Coverage Of Flooding Contribution To The Gulf "Dead Zone." Aquatic ecologist Don Scavia told Media Matters in an email that "most media coverage is missing an important aspect of such flooding. These massive spring flooding events push an enormous amount of agricultural pollution down the Mississippi system and into the Gulf of Mexico. That flux will most certainly create a large dead zone." He added that conservation policies for farmers "may no longer be adequate" as flooding risks increase from climate change. Indeed, our study found that aside from one article in the Des Moines Register, the media overlooked that flooding increases fertilizer runoff from Midwestern farms into the Gulf of Mexico, further contributing to the "dead zone" there. [UPI, 4/10/13]
Evidence Suggests Climate Change Worsens Flood Risks In Midwest
Warming Leads To More Overall Precipitation. As the Environmental Protection Agency explained, basic physics indicates that warming leads to more evaporation and thus more precipitation overall:
As average temperatures at the Earth's surface rise (see the U.S. and Global Temperature indicator), more evaporation occurs, which, in turn, increases overall precipitation. Therefore, a warming climate is expected to increase precipitation in many areas. However, just as precipitation patterns vary across the world, so will the effects of climate change. By shifting the wind patterns and ocean currents that drive the world's climate system, climate change will also cause some areas to experience decreased precipitation. In addition, higher temperatures lead to more evaporation, so increased precipitation will not necessarily increase the amount of water available for drinking, irrigation, and industry."
The EPA created this map, based on 2012 data from the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, showing that precipitation in most areas of the U.S. including the Midwest has increased over the last century:
[Environmental Protection Agency, accessed 5/1/13]
Frequency Of Large Rain Storms Has Increased In The Midwest. An analysis by the Rocky Mountain Climate Organization found that the "frequencies of all large storms, especially the largest, jumped in recent years" in the Midwest:
Since 1961, the Midwest has had an increasing number of large storms. The largest of storms, those of three inches or more of precipitation in a single day, increased the most, with their annual frequency having more than doubled over the 51 years. The frequencies of all large storms, especially the largest, jumped the most in recent years.
These are the central conclusions of a new analysis by the Rocky Mountain Climate Organization (RMCO) of precipitation in the eight midwestern states of Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Michigan, Minnesota, Missouri, Ohio, and Wisconsin. The data are from 218 weather stations in the U.S. Historical Climatology Network (USHCN), the nation's most reliable weather stations.
The analysis included the following chart:
[Rocky Mountain Climate Organization in collaboration with the Natural Resources Defense Council, May 2012]
Increase In Worldwide Precipitation Has Been Attributed To Human Influences. The New York Times reported in 2011:
An increase in heavy precipitation that has afflicted many countries is at least partly a consequence of human influence on the atmosphere, climate scientists reported in a new study.
In the first major paper of its kind, the researchers used elaborate computer programs that simulate the climate to analyze whether the rise in severe rainstorms, heavy snowfalls and similar events could be explained by natural variability in the atmosphere. They found that it could not, and that the increase made sense only when the computers factored in the effects of greenhouse gases released by human activities like the burning of fossil fuels. […]
Scientists have long been reluctant to attribute any specific weather event to global warming, but a handful of papers that do so are beginning to appear in the scientific literature. One such installment is being published on Thursday in Nature as a companion piece to the broader paper. It finds that severe rains that flooded England and Wales in 2000, the wettest autumn since record-keeping began there in 1766, were made substantially more likely by the greenhouse gases released by human activity.
[New York Times, 2/16/11]
Climate Models Indicate That Heavy Downpours Will Increase In Midwest. The 2009 National Climate Assessment stated that climate models have projected that the heaviest downpours will increase in North America, particularly in the Midwest and Northeast:
Climate models project continued increases in the heaviest downpours during this century, while the lightest precipitation is projected to decrease. Heavy downpours that are now 1-in-20-year occurrences are projected to occur about every 4 to 15 years by the end of this century, depending on location, and the intensity of heavy downpours is also expected to increase. The 1-in-20-year heavy downpour is expected to be between 10 and 25 percent heavier by the end of the century than it is now. […]
[T]he Midwest and Northeast, where total precipitation is expected to increase the most, would also experience the largest increases in heavy precipitation events.
A more recent draft National Climate Assessment similarly found that in the Midwest "[e]xtreme rainfall events and flooding have increased during the last century, and these trends are expected to continue, causing erosion, declining water quality, and negative impacts on transportation, agriculture, human health, and infrastructure." That report included the following map showing the heaviest precipitation (top 2 percent of all rainfalls) is projected to increase by 2041-2070 relative to 1971-2000:
The 2009 report also included the following chart showing that the heavy rainfall is projected to increase compared to 1990s averages, based on climate models used in the IPCC's 2007 assessment report:
[National Climate Assessment, 2009, in-text citations removed for clarity] [Draft National Climate Assessment, 1/11/13]
Uncertainties Remain About Future Precipitation Patterns. The University of Iowa's page on the "impacts of global climate change on the Midwest" cautions that precipitation projections are more complicated than temperature projections:
Precipitation is much more difficult for climate models to simulate [than temperature]. So we have less confidence in the predictions of changes in precipitation due to climate change (more "mediums" and fewer "highs" in the confidence levels). A complicating issue of assessing changes in precipitation in the Midwest is that we are located close to regions of high precipitation gradients. That is, annual precipitation is much less in western Iowa than eastern Iowa and less in northern Iowa than southern Iowa. In Illinois, there is less in the north than the south, but east-west differences are small. So if precipitation patterns shift eastward, for instance, in a future climate, Iowa will be more affected than Illinois, but both will be affected by a northward shift of higher rainfall.
[University of Iowa, accessed 5/1/13]
However, Experts Warn It Is "Irresponsible" To Let Uncertainties Delay Adaptation. A report on "Flood Management In A Changing Climate" by the World Meteorological Organization and the Global Water Partnership warned policymakers and municipal authorities against letting uncertainties delay adaptation:
[T]he scientific knowledge about the climate change and its impacts on the hydro-meteorological extremes such as floods and droughts is far from fully understood thereby making it difficult to assess future risks. Due to this uncertainty; managers can no longer have confidence in single projections of the future. It will also be difficult to detect a clear climate change effect within the next couple of decades, even with an underlying trend. Therefore, use of an adaptive management strategy is essential.
However, it is an irresponsible strategy to wait for less uncertain assessments before implementing adaptation measures, since climate change and its impacts are already taking place. Furthermore, waiting for less uncertain scenarios is a treacherous hope; the results will remain uncertain in future even with increased refinement of scientific methods.
[World Meteorological Organization and the Global Water Partnership, August 2009]
Experts Urge Journalists To Incorporate Climate Change Into Flood Coverage
Seven Out Of Eight Scientists Agreed It Is Apt To Mention Climate Change In Flood Coverage. Of eight scientists who responded to inquiries from Media Matters, seven agreed that it is "appropriate" or "advisable" for journalists to explain how manmade climate change could worsen flood risks in the Midwestern United States. One emphasized uncertainty about future precipitation patterns.
Scavia: Media Are "Missing" That This Is The "New Normal." When told of the preliminary results of our analysis, Don Scavia, an aquatic ecologist at the University of Michigan and a lead convening author of the Midwest chapter of the draft National Climate Assessment, stated, "I think they're missing an important piece of information and if you don't make the point that these intense storms are occurring more often, each one looks like a one off event." He said that if you mention the historical trend, "you get a better sense of whether these are just rare and unusual events or a new normal, which is what they really are." He stated that in his view, "it's been actually good to see some of the reporting, such as on The Weather Channel, talk about how these storms are consistent with climate models — in the past, they never made those observations." Scavia added that this "new normal" "should influence policies associated with building and development, "such as FEMA (Federal Emergency Management Agency) flood plain maps that affect insurance rates and building codes. [Phone conversation, 5/6/13]
Oppenheimer: It Is "Advisable" For The Press To Mention Climate Change Connection. In a phone conversation with Media Matters, Princeton University climate scientist and IPCC lead author Michael Oppenheimer stated that "if [he] were the press," he would state that rainstorms in the Midwest are increasing in frequency, the "models suggest this trend will continue," and "heavy precipitation, all other things being equal, will generally lead to more flooding." Oppenheimer concluded that it would be "not only appropriate, but advisable for the press to include such statements." Oppenheimer cautioned that "it's almost impossible in most situations to connect climate change in a cause and effect way to a particular episode," although some heat waves and other events have been attributed to climate change through modeling. He added that human management practices such as damming have a great influence over whether heavy precipitation leads to flooding. [Phone conversation, 5/1/13]
Trenberth: "Insights As To Why The Flooding Occurs" Are "Welcome." Kevin Trenberth, a Distinguished Senior Scientist in the Climate Analysis Section at the National Center for Atmospheric Research, wrote in an email to Media Matters:
Yes I think any insights as to why the flooding occurs is always welcome. Of course it is easy to say it is "weather", but the weather occurs in a changed environment: one that has more moisture in the atmosphere overall by about 4 to 5 percent compared with 30 to 40 years ago, and associated with global warming. More moisture means more rain where and when it does rain: and so greater risk of floods. This affects decisions on what to do subsequently: whether to redo whatever damage was done or redo differently to take account of changing risk? Maybe not build in the flood plain? Etc.
In a subsequent email, Trenberth wrote that there is a trend of the media ignoring climate change even when events that have been made more likely by climate change occur, which is "disappointing and even irresponsible":
What I would add is that coverage of this sort has been dwindling. Last year with all the wild fires and exceptional heat there were very few media reports that mentioned the drought and connections to climate change. The coverage was disappointing and even irresponsible. [Email exchanges, 4/30/13]
Fasullo: It's "Certainly Appropriate To Frame" Midwest Floods In The Context Of Climate Change. John Fasullo, a climate scientist at the National Center for Atmospheric Research, wrote in an email to Media Matters:
I think it's reasonable to frame the event in the broader context of recent extremes, especially extreme drought transitioning to flooding from 2010 to 2012 across large portions of the US. In fact, we currently see simultaneous wide-spread flooding and drought conditions in the central of the country (http://droughtmonitor.unl.edu).
Of course the question people are going to reflexively pose is "Is it caused by climate change?" But I think it is much more appropriate to ask whether climate change has influenced these types of events. Clearly the odd behavior we are witnessing, both at the moment and over the past several years, is consistent with the modulating influence of climate change. Quantifying exactly how much of an influence is a complicated task, one that is likely to have considerable uncertainty given the state of current models. I'd await some well-designed targeted studies to address that question (to date I have not seen one) but it is certainly appropriate to frame the topic in the context of climate change's broader influence. [Email exchange, 4/30/13]
Kunkel: Not Understanding How Climate Change Is Impacting Floods May Lead To A "False Sense Of Security" About Infrastructure. When asked whether the press should include statements such as "heavy rainstorms in the Midwest are increasing in frequency and climate change models suggest this trend will continue," Ken Kunkel, a scientist at NOAA's National Climatic Data center who specializes in extreme events, responded "A statement like the one you quote is a reasonable one and does not overstate the scientific understanding about historical trends and possible future changes." He added that we need to understand how climate change is impacting floods so that we do not have a "false sense of security about the adequacy of infrastructure currently being planned and built":
When infrastructure that needs to be resilient to runoff from heavy rain is planned, the design engineers are typically required to use design values for heavy rain, for example, the 100-yr storm. Such design values have been determined by the National Weather Service and are available in a series of publications. However, these design values are based entirely on historical storms and do not incorporate possible future changes due to anthropogenic climate change. One reason this has not been done is that there is no generally-accepted methodology for inclusion of possible future anthropogenically-forced changes. In my own personal research, I am exploring this issue and I personally think we need to provide decision-makers with some guidelines. Otherwise, we may have a false sense of security about the adequacy of infrastructure currently being planned and built. But, there is much research and development that needs to be done to develop guidelines. [Email exchange, 5/3/13]
Meehl: Climate Change Has Increased The "Odds For Flooding" In Midwest. Jerry Meehl, a senior scientist at the National Center for Atmospheric Research and a lead IPCC author, told Media Matters that "it's hard to attribute a particular event to a particular cause, and the way I always try to present it is you've shifted the odds for these precipitation and flooding events." He added that it's become "difficult to have any kind of rational discussion" of climate change, which is "discouraging to me because climate change is a science issue not a political issue" and "if I would have one thing to say, it would be let's talk about this as a science issue, climate change is a science issue that affects everyone."
In an earlier email to Media Matters, he explained that "higher levels of greenhouse gases increase the odds for flooding events such as the ones we're seeing now in the upper midwest":
Observations have shown that the northern tier of states has been getting wetter, and the southern tier drier. This is consistent with climate model simulations of the effects of increasing greenhouse gases (basically the wet areas get wetter, the dry get dryer). Observations also show that precipitation intensity has been increasing, and models show this as a signature of increasing temperatures (warmer air holds more moisture, so for a given precipitation event, more rain or snow falls–when it rains it pours). These atmospheric responses to higher levels of greenhouse gases increase the odds for flooding events such as the ones we're seeing now in the upper midwest. [Email exchange, 5/1/13]
Budikova: "I'm Not Sure" Why Media Are Not Tying In Climate Context Of Floods. Dagmar Budikova, a scientist at Illinois State University who has published research about climate change and Midwestern flooding, stated in a phone conversation that "you can tie it in, but you have to do it very carefully." She said that journalists "could be doing that and I'm not sure why they wouldn't be." She added they may simply be "trying to be very careful" as "reporting on climate change is not a simple task" and it is "dangerous" to "assume that anything anomalous is related to climate change." However, she stated, in the case of Midwestern flooding, "the literature is definitely converging to this idea" that flooding is increasing, and "more and more evidence is mounting to suggest that it may have to do with anthropogenic climate change." When asked whether it was important for the media to mention the climate context of the floods to make the public more aware, she said "I would think that probably the more aware people are about anything really, the better we are off" and that it is most likely that "the media would be the vehicle" to bring it to the public's attention. [E-mail, 5/1/13] [Phone conversation, 5/6/13]
Hirsch: It's A "Reasonable Hypothesis" But "Evidence Is Unclear" On Whether Precipitation Will Continue To Increase. Robert Hirsch, a research hydrologist at the U.S. Geological Survey, wrote in an email to Media Matters that while it's a "reasonable hypothesis that anthropogenic climate change could change flooding risks," the increase in precipitation may not continue. In a phone conversation, Hirsch added that while climate models have projected further precipitation of the region, "there's been very little testing," which is done through hindcasting, of whether these models are skillful. From his email:
I think it is a reasonable hypothesis that anthropogenic climate change could change flooding risks. However, the evidence to date is very unclear about this, and we know that the climate models, while they may be able to project changes in temperature fairly well do not do well at all when it comes to the kind of heavy precipitation events that produce floods. What we know when we look at the last 140 years or so in the midwest, that there have been some pretty large swings in the size of floods, and much of that is probably not related to anthropogenic climate change. There were very large floods in the last half of the 19th century, much smaller floods generally in the first half of the 20th century, and now we seem to be in another period of larger floods. We don't think this can be explained by greenhouse forcing, but may be a normal periodic oscillation in the climate.
I would say that human activities on the landscape may be as big a factor or bigger than climate change when it comes to changing the size of floods in this region. Urbanization and land drainage can be significant contributors to increased flooding. [Email exchange, 4/30/13] [Phone conversation, 5/1/13]
We searched Nexis and Factiva databases for articles and segments on "flood!" between April 1 and May 3, 2013. Our results include four major television outlets (ABC, CBS, NBC, CNN), seven national print outlets (Associated Press, Reuters, Los Angeles Times, USA TODAY, New York Times, Washington Post, and Wall Street Journal), and eight local newspapers (St. Louis Post-Dispatch, Kansas City Star, Chicago Tribune, Chicago Sun-Times, Des Moines Register, Detroit Free Press, Minneapolis Star-Tribune and Indianapolis Star).
— Jill Fitzsimmons & Shauna Theel, reprinted with permission from Media Matters
23 Responses to STUDY: Media Ignore Climate Context Of Midwest Floods
Big surprise. Thirty years ago, 50 media companies produced 90% of content. Today, it's six media companies for the same amount.
The result of failing to link climate and extreme weather was predictable.
That kind of concentration means close relationships with banks and fossil fuel companies. They have abdicated their sacred responsibility to inform the American people.
Managers, Board members, and major stockholders of these firms- Newscorp, CBS, TimeWarner, Viacom, General Electric, and NBC- cannot be shamed. Next quarter's results is all they care about, unless they are gobbling up a strapped cable channel in order to remake it in their image.
Our job is to humiliate them publicly, and then initiate product boycotts. Pick the biggest auto advertiser on network TV, for example, and direct consumers to go elsewhere. Be creative- boycott Armed Forces recruitment, since the advertisers of both fossil fuel related firms and military branches send our young men to die in Asia to protect oil supplies.
There are many tactics available. When a group conspires to murder vast numbers of people for profit, someone should call them on it, and boycott their products. Our failure to do so is an inner one, making it difficult to correct. We had better do so soon.
Have you noticed that, until some catastrophe directly affects Washington DC and its reigning political class, virtually nothing ever gets done to resolve any of the nation's important issues. Thus, it's perfectly OK to ignore poor folks washed out of their homes in New Orleans or Minot, but if the same thing happened in DC, the media would quickly portray the situation as Armageddon.
This country really isn't about what happens;it's more about to whom it happens. Until we see sandbags surrounding the White House, Capitol and Jefferson Memorial, I'm afraid we won't hear much about the climate. A real and pressing issue only exists when it happens to them, not merely to the rabble assembled outside of the palace walls.
The picture of the Flood of 2008 in Cedar Rapids really brings back "bad" memories.
Couple that disaster with a drought last year and people do actually talk about the newly weird weather. Getting snow flakes to fall on the first day of May did not help people's perception that something was wrong.
I am guessing, however, that the media's silence on the matter has little to do with climate change and everything to do with this being "flyover" country. The coverage of Superstorm Sandy was amazing in its detail and breadth. You never see anything like that when floods occur in the Midwest. Oh well…
Is the Chicago Trubune one of the papers that the Koch Brothers conglomerate wants to buy? Seems to be the only newspater with frequent coverage. Note: I've been using BillD for a few years and am not the same as Bill D.
Chicago area: record precipitation event/record drought/record precipitation event in three consecutive years. Regardless of what the media are/aren't covering, local municipalities are working hard on adaptive measures.
Yes, sadly, the Tribune is being looked at by the Koch brothers. As it stands, I frequently don't agree with their editorial stance, but the paper is factually accurate and does some good investigative work. If bought by the Kochs, quite a few people will stop subscribing.
The answer is that it is not costing corporate interests that is largely due to taxpayer-funded flood insurance. Anything that affects corporate profits is huge news in the corporate-controlled media.
It is always easy for media to cover disasters from the point of view of human suffering. As to what caused that suffering, they don't have the time.
The same goes for politicians who can always justify funds for disaster relief but find it hard to spend the few $$ for disaster prevention. That is like the use of levee funds in New Orleans to build overpasses to gambling boats. But we spent so much more after Katrina.
As well as oligopolisation you have to factor in the ideological monoculture demanded by Bosses like Murdoch. Members of my family worked for Murdoch for years and Rupert even wanted my old man to work for him in London when he bought 'The News of the Screws'. My father saw his declining of this offer as a moral debacle, narrowly avoided, seeing what happened to colleagues who grew too close to the Sun King. So I know, from inside and out, how journalists are, and have increasingly been over time, ruthlessly vetted for their ideology (which, of course, is a reflection of psychology). When you pick up (not neglecting to don sturdy gloves and PPDs) a copy of 'The Australian', for instance, the ideological bias in opinion pieces and editorials is total, and increasingly hysterical, vitriolic and abusive. They can see the glorious world system they created over the last forty years collapsing, and resistance growing, and it enrages them. The other MSM and the Government-run ABC are increasingly dominated by the hard Right as well.
Moreover the 'news' content is now also totally propagandistic, biased, untrustworthy, and mendacious. Apart from increasingly common reliance on known lies (eg Iraq's WMD, Syria's use of sarin etc)the big crime, in my opinion, is the ruthless suppression of facts. The process of divining the truth used to take months or years, and required finding rigorous, foot-noted and rational refutations of the MSM's propaganda. That process is now immediate, and one can find the truth behind MSM lying instantly on the Web, from sources whose credibility is orders of magnitude greater than the MSM.
You need merely consult the facts on growing inequality and poverty in the USA (as in the rest of the West) and the fanatic determination of the political caste to enact policies that worsen them, and of the Rightwing MSM to propagandise for them, to see how the ruling elites view their fellow humans.
I know it's a wrench, but newspapers are crap these days, and you don't need them any more. Same for TV and most radio news programs. Online is a Paradise of facts, opinions that make moral sense and all the Ruperts are but nasty hallucinations.
It is really hard to explain the lack of consistency. One day the media is not mentioning climate change and next day you watch or read and they do a great piece relating to climate change. This site has published blogs on both extremes. Overall I would give them a D-.
Such generosity!
Well said.
In central New York in the early 20th century, another feature of expensive reactivity manifested itself, though with an odd twist.
In the 1940s, nearly thirty years after major floods, federal money paid for flood control dams and channels. In the decades of fiscal delay, the watershed was becoming reforested, which reduced the occasion of floods in the decades after construction. There was still need for flood control, but perhaps not so much. The project was stuck on the Corps of Engineers designs left over from calculating an inundation on a high runoff surface (no trees) back in the 1920s, so that was largely what was built.
It is bitterly ironic to me that one day the dams and channels designed for a deforested watershed might become design-appropriate for climate-changed increases in precipitation.
The Koch's are interested in the Tribune Company, which goes far beyond the Chicago Tribune. Of note: the LA Times, Baltimore Sun, Hartfort Courant, Orlando Sentinal, and several Radio and TV outlets including Chicago's WGN superstation. The full list:
Grade inflation.
Jim Bovinet wrote: "… the media's silence on the matter has little to do with climate change and everything to do with this being 'flyover' country. The coverage of Superstorm Sandy was amazing in its detail and breadth …"
My impression is that you are correct in that the effects of Sandy got more media coverage than the current Midwest floods.
However, for the most part, the corporate media ignored the role of global warming with regard to Sandy every bit as diligently as they are ignoring the role of global warming in the Midwest floods.
It is probably too late to get much viewing, but I read this tweet today from Jay Rosen, Journalism professor at NYU. Then I followed the link and agreed with what I read… Apocalyptic Journalism explained.
Jay Rosen @jayrosen_nyu
When the only true story is: "This is bad, it's getting worse, and probably won't change…" what do journalists do? bit.ly/15GrQGX
The fact that global warming mainly "loads the dice" rather than having a clear causal role in an extreme weather event surely must be a factor in diminished coverage. Maybe the press doesn't like probability as an explanation. Einstein didn't and rejected quantum theory.
BobbyL wrote: "Maybe the press doesn't like probability as an explanation."
The press doesn't want to go up against the fossil fuel corporations. That's why they consistently avoid talking about the well-established links between global warming and extreme weather events, and consistently denigrate renewable energy.
Both the Washington Post and the New York Times websites featured HUGE above-the-fold, pull-down ads from fossil fuel corporations over the last couple of weeks.
So, what is the probability that the ads affected the coverage?
What makes you think that Rightwing MSM hacks understand probability?
Keep on protecting their employment and future employability by toeing the ideological line- ie 'business as usual'.
The question is: what is the probability that fossil fuel ads on those websites had an effect on editorial decisions at those newspapers regarding the Midwest floods? Low, medium, or high?


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Re: Student Loan Charge Off - Bankruptcy[ Edited ]
10-03-2012 12:41 PM - edited 10-03-2012 12:43 PM
I don't have an answer, but I'm handling defaulted student loans after just getting discharged from BK, so this information might help you (at least if Citibank says it had no choice in what it did).
I let my loan default while I was trying to pay hundreds of thousands of dollars in medical debt. Finally, when the loan went to collection, I bit the bullet and filed for BK7. Once I stopped making payments on credit cards and the debt, I had money free to make student loan payments. I made a payment electronically to the pre-collection holder of my loan, AES (the collector was DCS) using the information from my previous online payments to them. I expected I'd get a statement after my first payment, but didn't. I called and was told that AES could not collect from me or contact me during the BK and that they felt like they shouldn't even be TALKING to me. I did get the CSR to verify that they had received the payment, and she gave me a better address to send it to when I paid online. She also told me that DCS had turned the loan back over to them as soon as I filed.
While I was in my automatic stay, I made 2 more payments to AES. Never heard (or expected to hear) from them. My BK discharged yesterday and I called AES today. They acknowledged the payments made during BK and told me the only way to start making payments again was to rehabilitate the loan. They asked (in a perfunctory way) if I could make a down payment, and when I said no, they settled for the $500 a month I've been paying for the last few months (well over the 1% minimum I've read about on these boards). After 9 consecutive payments the loan will be rehabilitated.
So while my experience tells me that Citicorp was right to say they couldn't contact you during the automatic stay, the fact is that AES did not send my loan back to collections. They did credit my payments while I was in BK. I'm not WORSE off now, the way you are.
If you used an attorney during your BK, I would call and ask about this situation. If you didn't, or don't feel comfortable calling, I do think you need to speak to another lawyer or some kind of consumer agency. There are penalties for violating federal credit law, and that might make this worth taking up by some lawyer.
Oh and I agree that Citibank or the collector should have called your attorney when they couldn't contact you-- I called the MCVCIS number to get the status of my BK, and it gives the name of the lawyer and the lawyer's phone number, twice. Anyone checking your account would've gotten that information (if you were represented).


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On Tap Today: Post-election diversions
Welcome to the first day in more than a year without political commercials. See? Told you we'd get there.
We can finally put all the bickering and posturing aside -- at least until the 2016 presidential campaign starts up, which should be, oh, sometime tomorrow. Till then, here's some stuff that'll take your mind of politics. »Read Full Blog Post
Milwaukee Art Museum will be free this weekend
The Milwaukee Art Museum's admission will be free on Saturday and Sunday from 10 a.m. to 5 p.m. This is to mark the opening of "30 Americans," a multi-generational art exhibit featuring the work of African American artists.
Many of the artists in the exhibit address issues of race and cultural identity in very direct ways, and the show is one of the first in the museum's featured exhibition space to explore such issues so directly. The museum has also placed "Wisconsin 30" an exhibit of 30 African American artists from the state on view. »Read Full Blog Post
New DVDs for release June 18
Milwaukee movies off the gridn June 14-20
Bike and a movie
The Milwaukee Bike-In Movie Series returns Friday with the 1989 John Candy comedy "Uncle Buck." »Read Full Article
Outdoor films return to lakefront
The Fish Fry and a Flick outdoor movie series returns to the lakefront Aug. 30 with a showing of the Marvel superhero action film "The Avengers."
The series will also show two adult-themed films, "Ted" on Sept. 6 and "Django Unchained" on Sept. 13. »Read Full Article
Kohl's hosts style session with Lauren Conrad for three Children's Hospital teens
Lauren Conrad, fashion designer, style expert and best-selling author, teamed up with Kohl's to treat three teens from Children's Hospital of Wisconsin to a celebrity styling session Wednesday night in Milwaukee.
The event took place prior to Conrad's book signing for the launch of Infamous: A Fame Game Novel, the finale to her The Fame Game series, at Boswell Book Co. »Read Full Blog Post(1)