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Write essay and win Cash Prize-Relevance of Gandhian Principles today
Posted Date:
29 Sep 2008
Posted By::
Jose Mathew
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: 1
Hi members,
ISC is going to celebrate Gandhi Jayanthi in a great manner. We are conducting an essay writing contest on the Topic 'Relevance of Gandhian Principles today'. Post your essays in more than 150 words as a response to
Gandhi Jayanti -October 2nd
The best essay will get Cash prize of Rs.!00/.
Members can submit the essays up to October 5th.
Jose Mathew
Webmaster ISC
#32162 Author:
Ramesh Kumar Gupta (RKG)
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Date: 29/Sep/2008 Rating:
: -20
[Response removed by Admin for invalid response to the thread or violation of
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#32220 Author:
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Date: 29/Sep/2008 Rating:
: 6
Relevance of Gandhian Principles today:-
Accordingly, in his early writings and speeches Mahatma Gandhi emphasised that while both men and women were equal, "women's education should differ from men's as their nature and functions do". Home management and the care of children were of vital importance, and while women were not to be kept in ignorance, "it is tyrannical to burden them with work which is ordinarily done by men". Ideally girls were to be trained to be good wives and nurturant mothers; "gradually", wrote Gandhi in 1917, "it should be possible to introduce women to the subjects of politics and social reform". It was thus not long before Mohandas Karamchand Gandhi was asking women who had gathered to hear him speak to give up wearing foreign material and dedicate themselves to the principles of swadesh (of one's country). Spinning yarn on the charkha or indigenous spinning wheel was an effective way of doing one's duty or dharma.
The Gandhian Principles they follows;-
1) Live a simple, frugal life, as Gandhi did, taking pleasure in those things that bring joy and happiness to others, as well as to yourself.
2) Stand up for what is right using non-violence. By speaking out against tyranny and oppression, you are a voice for change, but you must keep your actions pure to retain respect for your cause. Resorting to violence to achieve your goals destroys the integrity of your intent.
3) Seek to understand the religious beliefs of others and respect them. Understand that spiritual beliefs are the underpinnings of many cultures. Realize that the common factors of love, charity and forgiveness are a stronger common bond than the differences in religious dogma.
4) Treat every individual you encounter with respect. They, like you, must deal with the day-to-day anxiety and trials of life. Try to put yourself in their shoes before you judge them.
5) Contribute as much as you can towards making the world a better place for your fellow human beings and for those who will live long after you are gone. Donate your time, labor and monetary resources to implement programs designed to help those less fortunate than yourself.
6) Forgive those who harm you instead of seeking revenge. Violence begets more violence. Be the one to break the cycle and seek a peaceful resolution.
7) Realize that being a pacifist does not mean you are weak. To the contrary, it means you are strong enough to follow through with integrity despite the temptation to sink to your oppressor's level.
8) Study more about Gandhi's philosophical system of non-violence, known as Satyagraha, at your public library. Alternately, share your ideas and learn from others interested in following Gandhi's beliefs on an online message board dedicated to his philosophy and his memory.
#32229 Author:
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Date: 29/Sep/2008 Rating:
: 1
hi sriram,
your essay is really nice. keep it up. happy posting.
#32230 Author:
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Date: 29/Sep/2008 Rating:
: 2
hi ramesh,
you have posted a very good information but it`s too lengthy and also some paragraphs are not relavant to the topic.
#32315 Author:
Ramesh Kumar Gupta (RKG)
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Date: 30/Sep/2008 Rating:
: 3
Hi Nikhil,
First of all sorry for my mistake that i am unable to create essays as you want.
I just want to include more and more information about the Gandhian Principles and about their origin.
Ramesh Gupta
Ramesh Gupta
Diamond Level Member ISC
#32399 Author:
Ankush Das
Member Level:
Member Rank:
Date: 30/Sep/2008 Rating:
: 4
Hi Nikhila,
Ramesh has copied his response from the internet. Ramesh please do not do this. If you do not know or don't have the time to write on your own, please don't but at least do not copy.
Ankush Das
(Editor, IndiaStudyChannel)
Ankush Das
#32422 Author:
Ramesh Kumar Gupta (RKG)
Member Level:
Member Rank:
Date: 01/Oct/2008 Rating:
: 2
Hi Ankush,
You are right i admit that i copied source about Gandhian Principle's from Wikipedia.
Next time i will write in my own words.
Pls. give excuse to me for that.
Ramesh Gupta
Ramesh Gupta
Diamond Level Member ISC
#32491 Author:
Seema Grover
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Date: 01/Oct/2008 Rating:
: 6
Gandhi aimed at Poorna Swaraj with the help of common man. His objective was to first connect the people, know them better and then put objective to action. The philosophy he followed was to be a good listener and the a good team leader .These features are lacking in modern day youth but if we adopt this we also would be able to change environment like him. Gandhi ji's principles are like effective managers principle where he has shown LEADERSHIP, LEARNING AND CHANGE. Through AHIMSA as strategy he persuaded masses to follow his path. Good examples are DANDI MARCH, KHADI ANDOLAN etc. His principles if applied today can create wonders in developmental process along with keeping our mental balance.
Good Luck and take care
Seema Grover
(Editor India Study Channel)
#32538 Author:
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Date: 01/Oct/2008 Rating:
: 6
Mahatma Gandhi has influenced the course of world history in the 20th century by his leadership of the Indian freedom movement. This is a historical achievement which no longer has a direct relevance for our actions today. However, the main principles of his thought and action can still guide us. The most important principle is the unity of thought, speech and action. Jawaharlal Nehru once remarked that before Gandhi assumed its leadership, the Indian National Congress often passed grandiloquent resolutions without giving any thought to their implementation. Gandhi then saw to it that resolutions would be phrased in such a way that everybody could see how they could be operationalised. Word and deed must reflect each other. Gandhi had applied this principle in his Satyagraha campaigns in South Africa. Satyagraha - holding on to truth - did not mean that one claimed to possess the truth but that one tried to reach it by the right kind of action. In order to do this one had to spell out what one believed to be true and how one would try to achieve it. Political intentions had to be openly stated. Gandhi rejected secret conspiracies. He proclaimed his plans for action well in advance. He wanted to convince his adversary. This presupposed non-violence; with violence one could at the most vanquish the adversary but not convince him. Gandhi's "Experiments with Truth" - as he called his autobiography - applied both to the political sphere and to very personal affairs. The unifiying element was Gandhi`s religiosity. Religion meant something different for Gandhi than for those who believe in a revealed religion. He once said that there are as many religions as there are people. This implied that salvation can only be reached by individual endeavour. Gandhi referred in this way to the Indian idea of moksha. This kind of salvation is actually a very private affair, but Gandhi so to speak "socialised" it. In keeping with this idea he also paraphrased the collective idea of political freedom (swaraj) as "rule of one's self". Only he who can rule himself can achieve political freedom. Accordingly Gandhi's campaigns were conducted by satyagrahis who bound themselves by vows to keep the discipline ordained by Gandhi.
The "socialisation" of moksha also implied that nobody who was striving for it could forget about the injustice suffered by his fellow men. The greatest injustice in Indian society was untouchability and it was against this that Gandhi reacted by means of his own deeds. The origin of untouchability could be traced to the "unclean" activities such as cleaning toilets on which all members of society depended who nevertheless despised those on whom they relied in this way. In the settlements and ashrams which Gandhi founded he therefore participated in the cleaning of toilets and thus aroused the ire of many orthodox Hindus. The unity of thought and actions which Gandhi stressed was expressed in this way. Gandhi once said: "Be the change that you want to see".
The autonomy of man and the duty of of responsible action are incompatible with deterministic social doctrines which postulate that the fate of man is influenced by social forces which are beyond his control. Gandhi sometimes called himself a socialist, but he was against "scientific socialism", he was also sceptical about the teachings of economics. He once stated: "The law of supply and demand is a law of the devil". He thereby wanted to emphasize that he rejected purely economic calculations as the guiding principles of human decisions. But at the end of his life, Gandhi very surprisingly adopted liberal economic principles and called for the abolition of wartime economic controls, particularly those concerning the trade in foodgrains. His old companion Rajendra Prasad, who later on became India's first president, was the minister in charge of this subject in the interim government. Gandhi prevailed upon him to abolish these controls. The government feared that prices would rise after this, but Gandhi predicted that prices would fall as hoarded grain would come into the market. One year before Ludwig Erhard abolished wartime controls in Germany against the wishes of the powers of occupation, India did so at Gandhi´s request. The prices of foodgrains did fall- and Gandhi triumphed. However, this did no apply to all goods. After Gandhi's death the controls of cotton textiles were also lifted and it was believed that he would have welcomed this. The millowners had warned against the lifting of controls at this stage because their machines had been worn out during the war and could not yet be replaced. Prices rose when the controls were abolished inspite of these warnings; they had to be re-imposed after a few months. This time they lasted for a long period and contributed to the ruin of the Indian textile industry.
Gandhi's constant quest to transform his thought into action could occasionally also lead to the making of a fetish out of his practice. This was particulary true of hand spinning. Gandhi did it wherever he went - even when he sat one the dais at political meetings. He referred to it as "the language of the hands". It was his reply to those who had pointed to rural unemployment an complaied about the flooding of India by British textiles. Hand spinning was supposed to signify self help. But the symbol soon transcended its original meaning. Clothing made of handspun and handwoven material became a kind of uniform of Congress politicians. It was often worn by people who did not share Gandhi's views at all. In independent India this emphasis on handspun and handwoven cloth became a guideline of economic planning. This led to the decline of the textile industry which was subjected to the regime of control mentioned above. The government did not take note of the fact that most "handloom weavers" had shifted to the operation of powerlooms. They were spreading in the informal sector of the Indian economy which was not encumbered by labour laws and hardly paid any taxes. The "organised" textile industry could not compete with the powerlooms in the long run. Only a few mills survived which relied on special products. Many mills turned "sick" and were taken over by the government which maintained them as it feared the wrath of unemployed labour. Since Gandhi was no longer alive, it is impossible to know what he would have said about this development which was due to a rigid interpretation of his earlier recommendations. Gandhi was a realist who had always made it a point to study in detail any problem on which he was supposed to take action. He always insisted on adopting the right means in order to reach an end.
With all his political and social actions, Gandhi aimed at convincing others. He strove for an "overlapping consensus" - a term introduced by the American philosopher John Rawls. After a long time of the neglect of ethics in modern philosophy, Rawls had once more introduced this subject. He should have been an enthusiastic admirer of Gandhi, but instead one notices a strange silence regarding Gandhi in his works. He even does not mention him in the important chapter on the right of resistance in his famous book The Idea of Justice. Gandhi had not only articulated the right of resistance but had also found ways and means to put it into effect. It is hard to believe that Rawls was ignorant about Gandhi, there must be a systematic reason for his avoiding even to mention him. Actually this reason is obvious, although Rawls does not refer to it. He argues that an "overlapping consensus" can only be attained by those who do not appeal to "comprehensive doctrinces" as he calls the articles of faith of established religions. Anybody who appeals to such doctrines must reject those of other faiths, this makes consensus impossible. In our times this is of particular relevance. Terror based on an appeal to a "comprehensive doctrine" would be incompatible with an overlapping consensus. It seems that Rawls saw in Gandhi a religious leader attached to "comprehensive doctrines". Much of what has been written about Gandhi could have confirmed this opinion. It is a pity that Rawls misunderstood Gandhi and was therefore unable to include his ideas in his treatment of political ethics and the right of resistance. This sevice has been done for Gandhi
#32555 Author:
sobha wilson
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Date: 02/Oct/2008 Rating:
: 6
Hi Members
Gandhiji - The soul of India is laying in the word Gandhiji. Gandihiji now became a world renowned person only because of his non violence struggle.
Gandiji is known by different names. We can call gandhiji as Mahatma, Mahatma Gandhiji, Bapu, Bapuji, Father of Nations, Mohandas Karamchand Gandhi or M.K Gandhi.
Gandhiji was the major political and spiritual leader of India.
Gandhi was born in Porbandar on October 2nd 1869 and died on 30th January 1948
In the present day situations Gandhiji's Principles are more valuable.
Civil disobedience, Ahimsa, Truth and Non violence are the main priciples of Gandhiji our nations father.
He is commonly known as 'Great Soul'. He is officially honoured in India as the 'father of Nations'.
His birthday October 2nd is is commemorated as 'Gandhi Jayanti'.
October 2nd is a national Holiday and world wide as an 'International day of Non-Violence'.
'Raghupati Raghava Rajaram, Pathitha Pavana seetharam'. whenever we hear the prayer Gandhiji's memory becomes alive.
Gandhiji's life was dedicated to the ideals of Truth, Non-Violence and Love.
Indian Independence movement, Dandi March, Sarvodaya movement, Quit India movement, Civil Dis-obedience, The non Cooperative movement etc are the important Satiyagrahas done by Gandihiji.
Gandhiji started an organisation called Sabarmati Ashram. This was located in Ahemedbad subrub of Sabarmati and on the western banks of the Sabarmati River.The main aim of this was, gandhiji wanted to do some experiments in living such as farming, animal husbandary, cow breeding, Khadi and related activities. This place is very suitable for these activies.
mahatma Gandhi began promoting the Spinning of Khadi for rural self employment.
The terms 'Gandhism', 'Gandhigiri' are more relevent in the present day situations in India.
All people of India must follow the principle of Gandhiji our Father of Nations.
Sobha Wilson
#32592 Author:
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Date: 02/Oct/2008 Rating:
: 1
Congratulation for all ISC Members
On behalf of Gandhi Jayanti.
I hope you celebrated it best.
#32811 Author:
Dr Sachine (Eye Retina Surgeon)
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Date: 04/Oct/2008 Rating:
: 6
"Rashtrapita,Bapuji & Mahatma"-these were the names given to Gandhi by India's people.This itself suggests how much people loved him.These 3 names are more valuable than any other post which he would have been given in independent India.Let us follow the path of truth & nonviolence shown by Mahatma. He lived whole life with a "puncha" a single cloth because his poor people don't get adequate clothes.He started living like this after he saw that Indian women are not getting adequate clothes.Thus he lived a very simple life.
"Harijan"- he gave this name to people of low caste who were considered as "Achoot" by upper castes.
Gandhiji demonstrated the concept of non-violence through his life and work. AHIMSA & Satyagrah were his weapons to fight.
Now the same philosophy and concept can be used as a weapon for fighting against injustice at all levels & terrorism.
Gandhiji wanted an independent India in which following things will exist
1)there shall be no high and low class of people,
2)all communities shall live in perfect harmony.
3)Harijan will not be treated as inferior
4)there will be no untouchability,
5)the poorest shall feel that it is their country,
6)in whose making they have an effective voice,
7)abolishing the curse of intoxicating drinks ,
8)women will enjoy safe life & the same rights as men.
This was the India of his dream.
Gandhian philosophy is not outdated but its very difficult to follow for a common man." He believed in Swadeshi as it will help in India's progress.For this he started using "charkha" & promoted use of "Khadi".Indeed many Indians started using khadi that time.He promoted Naturopathy as treatment for various diseases .
He emphasised on "Gram Swarajya".He suggested that there should be decentralization of the government so that the power will get distributed & will not be misused.This is important to reduce corruption.
There are a lot of misconceptions regarding Gandhiji as far as his role in India's partition & giving Pakistan Rs. 55 crore. Gandhi was not responsible for the partition & he did not go on a fast to give Pakistan Rs. 55 crore.
Sabarmati Ashram,Dandi March,1942 Quit India movement are all examples how he handled various situations.
After independence,the politicians have just used Gandhi's name but never followed his principles. We have to uplift Gandhian thoughts through People's Movement.
We all know Gandhiji's 3 monkeys-the message given to us is "Bura mat socho,bura mat dekho,bura mat karo"
Leaders from other nations e.g. Nelson Mandela respected Gandhi's thoughts & followed path shown by him while fighting for independence.But unfortunately in his own country & state(Gujarat-Godhra incidence)communal riots are going on & many innocent people have been killed.
Social and political philosophy of Mahatma Gandhi's thoughts are constant source of inspiration to the people, because it continues to have relevance even in the present day life.At this moment also if we follow his principles it will help in reducing communal riots,bomb blasts,terrorism,etc
#32845 Author:
Shirish Patil
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Date: 05/Oct/2008 Rating:
: 1
Good competition
Best Regards from:
#32862 Author:
Dr Sachine (Eye Retina Surgeon)
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Date: 05/Oct/2008 Rating:
: 1
Shirish7 should not get 3 points for this 1 line response
#32906 Author:
Raj Malik
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Date: 05/Oct/2008 Rating:
: 6
Life runs in a fleeted foot.No time to pause and gaze at all that our past has taught us.Life has moved forward, far ahead to even remember a man who has now turned to 138 , is he alive or are his principles even??
Lets see!! India showed disagreement on the plea to send the war-troops to Iraq- don't you see the Gandhian Principle of 'AHIMSA' here. An old man trying hard to manage his way back home with the bags , a young man picks up his baggage and carries them to the old man's place - COMPASSION still prevails . India has always supported society services and has tried her best to spread the great message of Gandhian Principles through various acts - PEACE and NON-Violence , people still believe in them. The whole nation rose in unison to fight back against the natural grievances and helped the victims of various calamities - UNITY and BROTHERHOOD is still celebrated in India and among the hearts of Indians.
Isn't it an index of something? Years may have passed since Mahatma Gandhi passed on , but still his valued principles and ideals hold the same priority and relevance. Life has shown many faces , time has also changed but what still remains indifferent is the value of Gandhian Principles in every Indian heart. It won't be wrong if I say that the germaneness of Gandhian Principles still hold the fort even greater than before.
Lets analyze Gandhian Principles one by one:
- He always laid stress on women empowerment : The time today itself portrays the accomplishment of Gandhi ji's principles when women of India are the fore-runner in every field.The point from where Gandhi ji has left this work of women emancipation many communities have picked his reigns and contributed towards his purpose.
- He wished that the moral values should always govern every action of an individual like selflessness , non-violence and ahimsa and many more: If you see the present world , people have the same thought in their mind . Like the love of a father or a mother is selfless for their children , they still teach their children the moral lessons of non-violence and to show love for the creations of God. Still the Gandhian principle prevails. It wouldn't be wrong if I claim that each individual exhibits such qualities and in some way or the other practice the principles preached by Gandhi ji.
- He always had immense faith in God and asked his countrymen to do the same: Still if you see nothing has much changed in the 21st century if we consider this aspect of believing in God . Even today every individual prays his God and prays for the betterment of his fellow mates - thus in a way helping for the betterment and uphold of the whole society.
- He spread the message of unity and brotherhood: Even today if you move your head around you'll find brotherhood in every religion and among all the religions , with the advancement the rift between the religions is moving towards nonentity. Although people are concerned about their surroundings , still all contribute to serve the same purpose of establishing Unity. People of so many religions and cultures still stay together with love and harmony giving the existence of our motherland its true name "INDIA"
- Patriotism and love for the nation hold the priority still : It will be a small example to quote if I mention about the cricket tournaments when the whole nation pray and wait with full anxiety to see their nation at the top .This is patriotism , anything against our country is indigestible by the country mates .When it comes to the integrity of our nation , the whole nation stands together. Every single person in some way or the other contributes towards the upliftment and prosperity of their nation.
So here I conclude that how much the time may move ahead and people may call themselves 'GENERATION NEXT' , but still they hold back to their roots. Even today in schools the Gandhian Principles are being taught and each and every child of the nation walks on his path . Every single step on the path of Gandhian Principles is leading towards the 'World of Gandhi's Dreams'. It wouldn't be good , if we say that Gandhian Principles and philosophies have lost the relevance.
Both then and now , this great man's words and philosophies burn and sound with the same effervescence as it always be. His life was and is still admired by the whole lot of people and they are walking on his path to lead a life of purpose. His words will always have the same relevance as long as mankind stays on the face of earth and same shall be the love amongst the people.
So lets take a pledge and make our each action work towards the betterment of humanity .
We can't preach his principles by enchanting them , but the best way is to practice and preach.
I have kept the best for the Last : The best example to prove the relevance and the same importance of Gandhian principles is the act of United Nations. 2nd October from hence is being commemorated as International Non-Violence Day! Thus , friends Gandhian principles held and still hold the same relevance in this World.
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Vera Williams
Published: Sunday, March 20, 2011 at 6:01 a.m.
Last Modified: Saturday, March 19, 2011 at 10:23 p.m.
Vera Williams, 91, a native and resident of Thibodaux, died Wednesday, March 16, 2011 at Thibodaux Regional Medical Center.
Visitation will be from 9 a.m. to funeral time Monday at Moses Baptist Church in Thibodaux. Religious service will be held at 11 a.m. Monday at the church, with burial at St. Peters Baptist Church Cemetery in Thibodaux.
She is survived by four daughters, Audrey Ann Williams, Mary Ann Southall and husband, Carl, and Brenda Joyce Williams of Thibodaux, and Carolyn Ann Williams of Stone Mountain, Ga.; two sons, Roy and James Williams both of Thibodaux; one brother, Irvin Williams of New Port News, Va.; one sister, Essie Mae Young of Thibodaux; 11 grandchildren; 16 great-grandchildren; and three great-great-grandchildren.
She was preceded in death by her parents, James and Mary Jane Patterson Williams; one son, Hubert Paul Williams; two brothers, Robert and Herman Williams; two sisters, Annie Mae Celestin and Delma Ellis; one grandson, Michael P. James; and one great-grandson, Blake Kelly Beamon.
She was a member of Moses Baptist Church.
Kennedy Funeral Home of Raceland is in charge of arrangements.
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Band music doesn't just teach itself, and while a great human instructor is usually the most important piece in the instructional puzzle, even the greatest teacher does his or her best work with a solid resource in hand. Moreover, an ambitious student can help his or her own progress along by finding some excellent materials to work from in between lessons. Whichever side of that equation you're on, this selection of band methods is the perfect place to get started building up your library of reference materials. There are books and guides here for every instrument in the band, so no matter what you play and/or teach, it's safe to say there are at least a few method books waiting for you.
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Volume 112, Issue 3, 15 January 2000
A diffusion Monte Carlo accurate interaction potential between H and PsH112(2000); http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.480661View Description Hide Description
The interaction potential between H and PsH, and between H and have been calculated using the diffusionMonte Carlo method. As far as the system is concerned, our results appear to be the most accurate published so far. The potential functions show the H–PsH system to be bound with respect to the dissociation channel for nuclear distances larger than 3.5 bohr, while the threshold lies 0.25 hartree above for all the distances studied. Moreover, the H–PsH potential curve presents a minimum located at 5.2 bohr that can be attributed to the van der Waals interaction between the two fragments. The relevancy of these results for the low energy scattering of Ps on and for the exchange reaction of H with Ps is discussed.
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Ab initio calculation of the zero-field splitting parameter D of benzene and naphthalene112(2000); http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.480660View Description Hide Description
The zero-field splitting (zfs) parameter D of benzene and naphthalene in their lowest excited triplet state has been calculated within the framework of spin-coupled valence bond theory. The predicted parameters of these molecules turn out to be 0.168 cm−1 and 0.124 cm−1, respectively, in reasonably good agreement with the observed values of 0.159 cm−1 and 0.101 cm−1.
Rovibrational Hamiltonians for general polyatomic molecules in spherical polar parametrization. I. Orthogonal representations112(2000); http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.480662View Description Hide Description
The interdependence of the description of the internal geometry and the corresponding kinetic energy operator is investigated in detail for a general n-atomic molecule. For both space-fixed and body-fixed reference frames compact expressions of are derived which are applicable to any set of translationally and rotationally invariant internal vectors in a spherical polar parametrization. Simple analytical forms are given for reduced masses and kinetic coupling constants, which are the only vector specific parameters in the final rovibrational kinetic energy expression. The kinetic energy assumes the most separable form for an entirely orthogonal set of internal vectors. A highly efficient computer program for the calculation of rovibrational spectra of tetratomic molecules has been developed on the basis of this formulation. Calculations on the HF dimer and the metastable molecule HOCO illustrate the accuracy and flexibility of this approach.
Rovibrational Hamiltonians for general polyatomic molecules in spherical polar parametrization. II. Nonorthogonal descriptions of internal molecular geometry112(2000); http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.480663View Description Hide Description
A rovibrational kinetic energy operator for a two-vector embedded reference frame is derived for general polyatomic molecules of arbitrary structure. New compact expressions for in terms of angular momentum and linear momentum vector operators are explicitly given for tri-, tetra-, and pentatomic molecules. The necessary actions for the evaluation of kinetic energy matrix elements in a standard rotation-angular basis are summarized. The structure of kinetic energy operators in the body-fixed formulation is explained with the help of Cartesian components of angular momentum and linear momentum vector operators. Kinetic energy operators for tetratomic molecules in a bisector embedded body-fixed formulation and for sequentially bonded pentatomic molecules are derived to show how to use our general result for diverse coordinate systems.
Quantized field description of rotor frequency-driven dipolar recoupling112(2000); http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.480664View Description Hide Description
A formalized many-particle nonrelativistic classical quantized field interpretation of magic angle spinning (MAS) nuclear magnetic resonance(NMR) radio frequency-driven dipolar recoupling (RFDR) is presented. A distinction is made between the MAS spin Hamiltonian and the associated quantized field Hamiltonian. The interactions for a multispin system under MAS conditions are described in the rotor angle frame using quantum rotor dynamics. In this quasiclassical theoretical framework, the chemical shift, the dipolar interaction, and radio frequency terms of the Hamiltonian are derived. The effect of a generalized RFDR train of π pulses on a coupled spin system is evaluated by creating a quantized field average dipolar-Hamiltonian formalism in the interaction frame of the chemical shift and the sample spinning. This derivation shows the analogy between the Hamiltonian in the quantized field and the normal rotating frame representation. The magnitude of this Hamiltonian peaks around the rotational resonance conditions and has a width depending on the number of rotor periods between the π pulses. Its interaction strength can be very significant at the condition, when the chemical shiftanisotropies of the interacting spins are of the order of their isotropic chemical shift differences.
On the divergent behavior of Møller–Plesset perturbation theory for the molecular electric dipole moment112(2000); http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.480665View Description Hide Description
We have recently shown [J. Chem. Phys. 110, 7127 (1999)] that the Møller–Plesset perturbation theory series diverges for the equilibrium dipole and quadrupole moments of HF when the basis set contains diffuse functions. Here, we show that the divergence, as for the energy, is caused by highly excited diffuse back-door intruder states. The HF study is extended to include a stretched geometry, where divergence is also observed in a basis set that does not contain diffuse functions. For BH and a very slow monotonic convergence is observed. The different convergent/divergent behaviors are qualitatively reproduced by a simple two-state model. The slow convergence or divergence is more pronounced for the dipole moment than for the energy. These observations seriously question the use of higher-order Møller–Plesset perturbation theory for calculations of simple electric properties.
Radial moments of the electron density: Gas phase results and the effects of solvation112(2000); http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.480666View Description Hide Description
The radial moments of the electron density, have been calculated for and at the quadratic configuration interaction (with singles and doubles) levels of theory by use of a variety of basis sets. An optimal basis set was chosen from the first set of calculations and then used with several conventional ab initio and density functional methods to compute the moments for a representative set of molecules: CO, HF, HCl, and The effects of solvation on the radial moments were also studied using the Onsager model and an extension of the Tomasi polarized continuum model.
Mapping of simulated localized fluctuations onto a macrosystem: Direct counting in the macrosystem to confirm statistical mechanical theory112(2000); http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.480667View Description Hide Description
It has been shown that an appropriate model dependent volume scale is required to map the number of clusters observed in a simulation cell onto the macrovolume. Statistical mechanical theory shows that for overlapping clusters in an ideal gas the volume scale should be The same volume scale has been predicted for nonoverlapping clusters, but is restricted to only very rare clusters. An alternative theory suggests that the volume scale should be the volume of the cell In this work we count, by computer simulation, the number of overlapping and nonoverlapping clusters in the macrovolume of a one-dimensional ideal gas. The results confirm that the first volume scale is indeed correct suggesting that its underlying statistical theory should be valid for other models. For nonoverlapping clusters that are not rare the alternative volume scale is a good approximation, however, estimates show that for very rare clusters, such as those used in nucleation, the two volume scales for nonoverlapping clusters differ by up to two orders of magnitude.
Gaussian-3 theory using scaled energies112(2000); http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.480668View Description Hide Description
A modification of Guassian-3 (G3) theory using multiplicative scale factors, instead of the additive higher level correction, is presented. In this method, referred to as G3S, the correlation energy is scaled by five parameters and the Hartree–Fock energy by one parameter. The six parameters are fitted to the G2/97 test set of 299 energies and the resulting mean absolute deviation from experiment is 0.99 kcal/mol compared to 1.01 kcal/mol for G3 theory. The G3S method has the advantage compared to G3 theory in that it can be used for studying potential energy surfaces where the products and reactants have a different number of paired electrons. In addition, versions of the computationally less intensive G3(MP3) and G3(MP2) methods that use scaled energies are also presented. These methods, referred to as G3S(MP3) and G3S(MP2), have mean absolute deviations of 1.16 and 1.35 kcal/mol, respectively.
Molecular properties from combined QM/MM methods. I. Analytical second derivative and vibrational calculations112(2000); http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.480658View Description Hide Description
Analytical second derivatives for combined QM/MM calculations have been formulated and implemented in the CHARMM program interfaced with the ab initio quantum mechanical GAMESS and CADPAC programs. This makes possible evaluation of vibrational frequencies and infrared intensities in large systems that cannot be treated effectively by QM or MM alone; examples are polarizable molecules in solution and substrates or transition states in enzymes. Test calculations on a number of systems, including formamide in water, butanol, a model transition state structure for triosephosphate isomerase and the active site model of myoglobin, show that the MM description of the environment can capture much of its polarization effects on the QM region. Thus the implementation of analytical second derivatives within the QM/MM framework has considerable potential for the study of large systems.
The Hartree product and the description of local and global quantities in atomic systems: A study within Kohn–Sham theory112(2000); http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.480669View Description Hide Description
The Hartree product is analyzed in the context of Kohn–Sham theory. The differential equations that emerge from this theory are solved with the optimized effective potential using the Krieger, Li, and Iafrate approximation, in order to get a local potential as required by the ordinary Kohn–Sham procedure. Because the diagonal terms of the exact exchange energy are included in Hartree theory, it is self-interaction free and the exchange potential has the proper asymptotic behavior. We have examined the impact of this correct asymptotic behavior on local and global properties using this simple model to approximate the exchange energy. Local quantities, such as the exchange potential and the average local electrostatic potential are used to examine whether the shell structure in an atom is revealed by this theory. Global quantities, such as the highest occupied orbital energy (related to the ionization potential) and the exchange energy are also calculated. These quantities are contrasted with those obtained from calculations with the local density approximation, the generalized gradient approximation, and the self-interaction correction approach proposed by Perdew and Zunger. We conclude that the main characteristics in an atomic system are preserved with the Hartree theory. In particular, the behavior of the exchange potential obtained in this theory is similar to those obtained within other Kohn–Sham approximations.
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Vibronic structure of alkoxy radicals via photoelectron spectroscopy112(2000); http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.480767View Description Hide Description
Ultraviolet photoelectron spectra of as well as and are presented, providing improved electron affinities and new information on vibronic coupling in the corresponding neutral radicals. Jahn-Teller vibronic transitions are assigned to e vibrational modes of The excitation energy of the state of with respect to the state is observed directly at Vibronic coupling between these low-lying electronic states perturbs the observed vibronic levels. Features of the photoelectron spectrum are assigned. The splitting between the and states of is determined to be Significant vibronic coupling is not observed in Vibrational assignments are made for the spectral features of and no Jahn-Teller effects are observed directly. Electron affinities (EAs) for the neutrals (RO) are (in eV); Bond dissociation energies of ROH, along with and are derived.
van der Waals isomers and ionic reactivity of the cluster system para-chlorofluorobenzene/methanol112(2000); http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.480670View Description Hide Description
This combined experimental and computational study is aimed at elucidating the structure and reactivity of heterogeneous molecular clusters. We report results for the system para-chlorofluorobenzene/methanol Particularly, three different van der Waals (vdW) isomers of the neutral (1:1) aggregate have been assigned by comparison of experimental infrared frequencies in the O–H and C–H stretch regions measured by IR/R2PI depletion spectroscopy with calculated frequencies at and level. The isomers are weakly hydrogen-bonded complexes with methanol's OH group coordinated toward the aromatic π-electron cloud, the fluorine or the chlorine substituent, respectively. This assignment is corroborated by the UV and IR spectra of the corresponding monosubstituted benzene/methanol complexes. After resonant photoionization of for besides vdW fragmentation, no chemical reactivity was observed for any isomer. The investigation of aggregates with indicated a substitution reaction taking place to produce emphasizing the importance of neutral precursor cluster size over cluster structure for intracluster ion–molecule reactions.
Ab initio study of the gas-phase structure and electronic properties of and M–CCH A combined post-Hartree–Fock and density functional theory study112(2000); http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.480671View Description Hide Description
The structure of isolated, monomeric and M–CCH has been recently determined by millimeter/submillimeter rotational spectroscopy. These accurate experimental results offer the opportunity for an extensive ab initio study of these molecules in order to assess the accuracy of the latest developments in density functional theory(DFT). As a general trend, DFT results from hybrid functionals (B1LYP, mPW1PW91, and PBE0) are in very good agreement with experiment while conventional functionals (BLYP) show slightly larger errors. In addition, DFT methods show rapid basis set convergence, whereas post-HF techniques [MP2, QCISD, and CCSD(T)] give comparably good results only using large basis sets. The properties derived from the electron density are computed to a fairly similar accuracy by all methods, provided a large basis set is used. The importance of a proper treatment of electron correlation in the description of the bond between the carbon and the alkali metal atom is emphasized.
Water-chain clusters: Vibronic spectra of112(2000); http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.480672View Description Hide Description
Mass- and isomer-selected resonant two-photonionization and fluorescence spectra were obtained for the supersonically cooled cluster. UV/UV-holeburning measurements show that of the spectrum is due to a single "water-chain" cluster isomer, although two different tautomers (7-keto- and 7-hydroxyquinoline), two different rotamers (cis- and trans-hydroxy), and two torsional conformers of the chain are possible. Ab initio calculations of structures and vibrations of five different tautomers/ rotamers/ conformers of this cluster are reported. These predict that the "up/down" water-chain form is the most stable cluster. The experimentally observed and state vibrational frequencies agree well with those calculated for this isomer. We find no evidence for either the trans-rotamer or the keto tautomer clusters. excitation leads to contraction of all three hydrogen-bonds along the hydrogen-bonded water chain, inducing intermolecular stretching vibrations, but no proton transfer.
Theoretical characterization of the excited-state structures and properties of phenol and its one-water complex112(2000); http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.480673View Description Hide Description
The structures and properties of phenol and its complex were characterized at the Hartree–Fock (HF), the second-order Moller–Plesset perturbation theory (MP2), and complete active space self-consistent field (CASSCF) levels for the ground state and at the configuration interaction with single excitation (CIS) and CASSCF levels for the excited electronic state The intermolecular interaction has little influence on the structures of phenol and water. However, a significant change is found in the properties upon complex, and this has been discussed in detail. A comparison with the experimental findings shows that the present calculations provide a good description of the nature of phenol and its complex in and
Six-dimensional calculation of the vibrational spectrum of the HFCO molecule112(2000); http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.480674View Description Hide Description
Bound energy levels, up to 5000 cm−1 of internal excitation, have been computed for the HFCO molecule. An exact six-dimensional (6D) quantum Hamiltonian, expressed in terms of Jacobi vectors, has been used. It is shown to lead to a compact form of the kinetic energy operator, easy to implement in the calculations. The primary discrete variable representation (DVR) basis set has been contracted by means of the adiabatic pseudospectral method of Friesner et al. [J. Chem. Phys. 99, 324 (1993)]. Two different, global, potential energy surfaces have been considered. The calculated energy levels have been successfully assigned by an automatic labeling procedure. These levels have been compared to the experimental results, providing a test of the accuracy of the existing surfaces.
Statistical thermodynamics of bond torsional modes112(2000); http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.480768View Description Hide Description
We present a formalism for treating torsions in complex molecules with nonsymmetry-related multiple minima along the internal rotation coordinate. We also present a comparison of rectilinear and curvilinear methods for estimating the moment of inertia of an internal rotor, and we find that they sometimes differ considerably. We point out that the usual method of estimating the free rotor limit of the moment of inertia may sometimes be inaccurate by an order of magnitude. We present an approach called the C-single-frequency approximation that provides a good compromise of accuracy and economy of information cost, in that it provides reasonably accurate partition functions for most systems over a wide range of temperature without requiring extra Hessians or information about saddle points.
Molecular dichotomy within an intense high-frequency laser field112(2000); http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.480675View Description Hide Description
It is shown that, under an intense high-frequency laser field, electronic distributions in molecules exhibit a dichotomy effect just as previously found in atoms. The generalization of the formal demonstration of the dichotomy effect as given in M. Gavrila and J. Shertzer, Phys. Rev. A 41, 477 (1990) to many-electron, polyatomic molecules is considered and the validity of the scaling law of the Floquet eigenvalues, with respect to the field intensity parameter of the HFFT, is discussed. To test the molecular dichotomy effect, numerical calculations are performed using a quantum chemical package (Gaussian 94), modified appropriately to incorporate the cycle-averaged displacements of the nuclear–electron Coulomb potential as found in the HFFT hamiltonian. Results of calculations on the two-electron molecule are presented with an emphasis placed on the character of the total and orbital charge distributions and on trends to be observed in the electronic correlation at high intensities.
Global potential energy surfaces for the system. Analytical representation of the adiabatic ground-state potential112(2000); http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.480539View Description Hide Description
Adiabatic global potential energy surfaces, for singlet and triplet states of and symmetries, were computed for an extensive grid for a total of 8469 conformations of system at full configuration interactionab initio level and using an extended basis set that has also been optimized for excited states. An accurate (root-mean-square error lower than 20 global fit to the ground-state potential is obtained using a diatomics-in-molecules approach corrected by several symmetrized three-body terms with a total of 96 linear parameters and 3 nonlinear parameters. This produces an accurate global potential which represents all aspects of ground-state including the absolute minimum, the avoided crossing and dissociation limits, satisfying the correct symmetry properties of the system. The rovibrational eigenstates have been calculated up to total angular momentum using hyperspherical coordinates with symmetry adapted basis functions. The infrared spectra thus reproduced is within 1 with respect to the experimental values for several transitions.


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There's good and bad news in the Ohio General Assembly's approval last week of a new congressional district map. The good news is that there will only be one primary — in March — saving the state the $15 million that would have been spent on two primaries had they become necessary. The bad has to do with Republicans in the House and Senate believing that their sweeping victory in the 2010 general election gave them political carte blanche.
The map showing the boundaries of the 16 congressional districts in Ohio is only the latest example of the majority pursuing a partisan agenda and, in the process, riding roughshod over the minority Democrats. Even though the redistricting legislation received some Democratic votes, the bottom line is that the opposition was between a rock and a hard place.
Democrats could not convince Republicans that political fairness should be the underlying principle of congressional redistricting, and neither could they risk political upheaval next year by pursuing a referendum in November on the GOP-drawn map. Their continued opposition would have necessitated two primary elections with a price tag of $15 million.
It is of little solace to Ohioans who believe in a two-party system of government that the new law delineating the congressional district boundaries — the legislation was signed Thursday by Republican Gov. John Kasich — also contains a provision to create a bipartisan redistricting task force to come up with an equitable way of creating the districts.
It is revealing that 25 nonpartisan grass-roots organizations all judged the GOP scheme to be so lopsided as to give Republicans the advantage in 12 of the new districts and Democrats the upper hand in four. This in a state that is at best politically purple — neither bright red nor blue.
It is also noteworthy that a map was produced in a national contest sponsored by Ohio Campaign for Accountable Redistricting that met all the federal and state legal requirements and gave Republicans and Democrats an equal chance of winning in a majority of the 16 districts. The map was endorsed by the 25 organizations, but the Republicans in the General Assembly didn't give it much thought.
The Associated Press reported last week that not only had GOP operatives drawing the map done so in secret — they holed up in a hotel room in Columbus paid for with tax dollars — but the office of U.S. House Speaker John Boehner, R-Cincinnati, was an active participant. The bottom line: Republicans were determined to shut out Democrats and others who were insisting on fairness so they could produce a map that would give them a majority of the congressional seats in Ohio for the next 10 years.
It is the height of hypocrisy for GOP leaders to contend that this was the best that could be expected under the circumstances, given that they created the circumstances that produced such a lopsided map.
The public's trust in government is already at an all-time low and when the congressional election results are announced in November 2012, Ohioans will have an even dimmer view of those elected to represent us.
Oh boo hoo! Remember when the Democrats were in total power in Congress and they wouldn't include Republicans in committee meetings, and Obama told Republicans to "get in the back". Democrat conveniently forget that they employ the same tactics when they are in power. Who actually thinks that if the roles were reversed that the Democrats, in the name of fairness, would redraw the map giving Republicans half of the districts? Hahahahahahahahaha!!!
This sort of thing - swinging from one extreme to the other at every election - has happened before, and will happen again. If history is followed this time, we're in for a decade or so of this nonsense.
A wise "representative of the people" would realize that the reason they were elected is that they were NOT of the party that was just swept out en masse. Sadly, we're still firmly entrenched in partisan politics, with both sides putting their political party ahead of their job - what's best for We, The People.
The Vindy editorial staff is is so blinded by it's love of the democrat party,that they won't recognize that both parties do what's best for them,not us. Why don't you Vindy democrats rail against the system,demand change by both parties. This crap every other day of attacking republicans just shows your ignorance as you accuse the republicans of being unfair as you do the same thing. Hypocrites.
You might have had a valid point, borylie, if the Democrats had actually done anything like this before in Ohio. But, they haven't.
The GOP wants to take a 50/50 state and turn it 75/25. That's unamerican, but that's what's to be expected of Conservatives these days.
Both parties have drawn up maps that worked for their party.
If it's a 50/50 state,why are the republicans in the majority in both the state senate and house by a pretty good margin?
Why did quite a few democrats,especially in the Cleveland area vote along with the republicans in the redrawing? They're un-American too?
Really?? You can't understand why the GOP has had disproportionate control of state politics in Ohio? It's the direct result of gerrymandering!! They did it last time around as well (they just didn't go to such extremes like this time). This is what happens over the span of 3 decades or so of FOP gerrymandering.
You can't possibly argue that Ohio isn't a 50/50 state. We've got enough Presidential election results to go by that prove this.
As for the 2nd part. It's self-preservation that many Black Democrats supported the GOP-led efforts. It ensured them of a safe seat. Kucinich as well, he didn't care if the voters were losing their democracy by competitive districts, all he cared about was being ensured of his seat in Congress. And yes, they're all un-American as well, regardless of political party. They supported, with the GOP, rigged elections.
Borylie, I also find it amusing that the most recent examples of blatant gerrymandering by Democrats was nearly 110 years ago.
Not that they were even the same political party as they were back then, but even if they were, that was 4-5 generations ago.
In post #6 you stated that the democrats "haven't" done this before. I simply pointed out that they have. Maybe you should of said that they haven't done it a long time.
Your Presidential election results are the result of a few counties ie. Mahoning Co. that pile up big numbers in the Presidential elections for the democrat they are told to vote for. In general the rest and most of the state is republican.
It's too bad that anybody that disagrees with you is un-American. I believe you and your ilk are just terribly mis-informed and so ideologicaly bent that you can't possibly see anything but what you want to see.
Since you threw in rigged elections,what party in Cuyahoga Co. was caught rigging elections? What party wants 30 days for absentee ballots? So that they can get their hands on them and have time to get them into the ballot boxes? No national ID to present at the voting booth?
You'd better sit down and have a talk with yourself.
A few points here.
1. The fact that you think you actually unearthed relevant evidence of Democratic gerrymandering in Ohio indicates that you're not entirely there mentally. No point in even spending anymore time on that.
2. It doesn't matter if 70% of Ohio counties vote GOP, it's about how many people do. Geographic space is no indicator of popular support. It just points out that sparsely inhabited areas tend to be conservative. Clinton twice, Bush twice, Obama once, and all of these were relatively close elections. That equals a more or less 50/50 state.
3. I disagree with any political party that seeks undue advantage through gerrymandering. I'm liberal, so is Kucinich, but it's absolutely un-american for him to have publicly supported the GOP redistricting bill.
I'm completely objective in my approach to politics. I think that the first Bush was actually one of the best presidents we've had since WWII, and it was a shame that a pensive individual, such as he was, was passed over by both sides of the political spectrum. Of course, the Democratic party in Cuyahoga was/is corrupt. So too is the GOP at a state-wide scale. Anyone who seeks to disenfranchise voters is un-american.
You make the assertion and I'm not mentally there?
The GOP state-wide is corrupt? Any proof?
You're going to take the presidential election every 4 years,as opposed to every election held in Ohio to elect our reps. and senators as the basis for your math? Obviously more people are voting for republicans in the "whole" state of Ohio.
Absolutely, I'm asserting that you're not mentally there. When asked for proof of your argument that both sides do this in Ohio, the best you could come up with was from over 100 years ago.
The fact that you don't understand how state legislature seats have been affected by gerrymandering also shows that you don't have a sound understanding of the political process.
Lastly, presidential elections are the best indicator of popular support for a political party because it's not skewed by gerrymandered districts. I worry that you're one of those people who look at the red/blue map and think that this country must be 80% Conservative because most of the country's geographic space is red. Are you not aware that just Cuyahoga county has more people than Nebraska and Wyoming combined? If not, then yes, you're not mentally there.
No Democrats in Cuyahoga rigged any elections.
Quit lying, bory lie.
As for proof of state-wide GOP corruption, there are a few notable examples (there are always bad apples here and there, but I'm talking about systematic corruption).
1. The recent redistricting campaign that was led by Boehner's office, and overseen by a former staff member. This last attempt is the most blatantly partisan redistricting that we've ever seen in modern Ohio history. If we were Southern, we'd be in front of the Supreme Court. The last time around, it was pretty partisan by the GOP, but this time it's absurdly partisan.
2. During the SB5 process, the GOP had any inside opposition removed from their committees. In addition, several SB5 supporters have now been rewarded by Kasich with appointed positions (they helped him in his crusade, so he made sure they wouldn't have to worry about being reelected later).
3. When Kasich started the JobsOhio office. There's no transparency, and public money is being diverted into private accounts. If it's to be privatized, then it should be funded with private money, not the public's.
4. The involvement of Whitehat Management, and its campaign donations that are obviously quid pro quo for their charter school business.
I don't know how anyone could not be aware of this if they follow politics. The GOP at a state-wide level is at Cuyahoga Democratic party and Traficant-era levels of corruption.
Go back to your sandbox if that's the best you can do. Trying to make yourself relevant?
You said the democrats NEVER gerrymandered. I proved you wrong. End of discussion.
No, you just made yourself look silly for thinking that you had found anything relevant. The only thing you "proved" was that you're woefully uninformed about current events and the political process.


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Read an Excerpt
Two sets of footballs pounded the weathered wooden planks of the North Berwick dock. The son first, a young man in a tam, whose untamed brown mustache matched the ruddy weave of his tweed jacket. A heavier, slower tread followed, the sturdy boots of the father. Golfers. Their loose clubs clattered onto the deck of a waiting fishing boat; golf bags weren't much used in 1875. They climbed aboard, and someone untied the mooring rope and threw it over the gunwales. Sun shot through the clouds of the short, early September afternoon, summer's end in Scotland, and the water sparkled on the Firth of Forth.
In legend, the son rowed alone across the wide bay in a tiny skiff. In truth, with a word and a look the older man procured the fastest sailing vessel in port for the hasty voyage north to St. Andrews. Old Tom Morris had clout. And he had a secret.
Earlier that day, a messenger had worked his way through the spectators at North Berwick links and solemnly handed a telegram to Mr. Morris, Sr. A big match was on: the Morrises versus Willie Park and his brother Mungo. Should Old Tom interrupt the competition to tell Tommy, his son and partner, the awful news? No. Tom Morris let the match play out; better to maintain the happy illusion for a few minutes more. Better to pretend that he and Tommy, the best golfer in the world, would still take on any comer for all the pounds and pence in Scotland. To pretend that shops would close when they played, wagers would be laid, and drink poured afterward in celebration or commiseration. That proud rivals like the Parks boys would always appear, each opponent an inspiration.
The Morrises beat Willie and Mungo, one-up. Then the father said, "We must go, Tommy. Your wife. We've no time for the train."
The ship slipped across the firth on its hasty voyage, and still Tom Morris did not reveal the telegram's contents. Perhaps he perceived a hidden brittleness in his son's strength, and suspected that the news would ruin him. Perhaps at that moment he himself felt the stinging remembrance of Tommy's older brother-also named Thomas-who had died at age four.
So Old Tom waited a while longer, playing away from trouble as usual. His calculating style had won him a life of employment in the game he loved, and four of the first seven Open championships. The limber shaft on his driver bent like a willow switch, providing snap to his cautious swing. He smoked a pipe. As he aged, short putts began to bother him mightily, and Tommy teased him about it: "If only the hole was always a yard closer, Da," Tommy said, "ye'd be a good putter."
The son followed him into the family business, but plainly he was not his father. He was even better. Eighteen-year-old Tommy entered the Open as a professional in 1868, looking like a boy-soldier from the just-completed American Civil War, unshaven, roughly dressed, and unimpressed. A tough customer was Tommy, always on the attack. He played chicken with bunkers and burns, the flamboyant, never-in-trouble style of the brilliant putter. "Dook!" Tommy would command as his ball rolled near the hole, and usually it dooked right in. And Lord, was he strong. As his contemporary Horace Hutchinson wrote, "Young Tommy Morris used to waggle his driver with such power and vehemence in his young wrists as often to snap off the shaft of the club close under his hand before he even began the swing proper at all."
Tommy won the Open in 1868, and the next year, and the next. In an odd compliment to his dominance, no tournament was held in 1871. Mr. Fairlie, the one-man band who ran the event, had died. No one burned with sufficient curiosity to reidentify the champion golfer of Scotland and the world--obviously, it was Tommy-so the Open took the year off. Besides, Fairlie had retired the victor's prize-a red leather belt with a big buckle, like a rodeo cowboy's. By prior agreement, anyone winning the event three times in a row got to keep it. Embossed on the silver clasp of Tommy's new belt were two bagless caddies, their gentlemen's clubs clamped beneath the armpit.
The Open resumed in 1873, with a cup for a prize this time, and Tommy won for the fourth consecutive time. The early Opens descended from the archery tournaments that had been held in Scotland and England for centuries, and the Morris men were Robin Hood and Robin Hood, Jr. Young Tommy and Old Tom even finished one-two in the race for the belt in 1868 and 1869. Glory days.
Now, abruptly, about to vanish.
"Tom did not tell his son that all was over till they were walking up from the harbour," recalled his pastor. "I [will] never forget the young man's stony look ... and how, all of a sudden, Tommy started up and cried, 'It's not true!' I have seen many sorrowful things, but not like that Saturday night."
Margaret, Tommy's young wife of less than a year-"a remarkably handsome and healthy young woman, most lovable in every way"-had died that afternoon giving birth to a boy. Another Tom Morris. The infant had also died.
Tommy never recovered. For the next few months he wandered the echoing stone streets of St. Andrews in a depressed trance. Golf held no allure. He'd never been a drinker, but now he drank. Induced to play with his father in a match against two aspirants at the end of October, Tommy fell apart. Four-up with five to play on their home links, the Morrises lost the last five holes, and the match.
Tommy played again in foul November weather, giving shots to a Mr. Molesworth. Rain and cold descended on them, and the champion built a big lead. But Molesworth would not quit the scheduled marathon until the last putt was holed, and Tornmy lacked the assertiveness to say "To hell with this." He caught a cold.
A week before Christmas he took the train to visit friends and pubs in Edinburgh, returning to St. Andrews after dark on Christmas Eve. Tommy scuffed the few blocks from the train station to his parents' narrow two-story stone house overlooking the green at the home hole. His invalid mother, Nancy Bayne Morris, was still up; they chatted for a few minutes. Then he called good night to his father and retired. At ten o'clock on Christmas morning Tom went to wake his son. But Tommy never woke.
Due to the suddenness of his death, the pathologist at the Cottage Hospital in St. Andrews performed an autopsy. "Burst artery in the right lung," he announced, but probably it wasn't that simple. Modern physicians surmise that depression and whiskey had compromised Tommy's immune system. The air cells in his lungs, the alveoli, had likely become hard and inflamed. He had pneumonia, in short, and couldn't breathe. Depression reduced his body's ability to fight the infection.
Yet none of the arid medical explanations contradicts the myth of Young Tom's passing: he died of a broken heart.
From the Hardcover edition.


text: 01/28/2014 Posted on January 27, 2014 by Lauren Bench Press 10-10-10 Metcon (Time) 3 Rounds for Time: 5 Strict Muscle ups 10 Strict HSPU 15 One legged squats, each leg CHALLENGE: Beginning this week we will have the Sermon on the Mount Challenge. Read for more information. Share this:Click to share on Facebook (Opens in new window)Click to share on Twitter (Opens in new window)Click to share on Google+ (Opens in new window)


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I am writing to the event log from my Windows Forms application running on Windows 7 and am getting this message in the event log:
The description for Event ID X from source Application cannot be found. Either the component that raises this event is not installed on your local computer or the installation is corrupted. You can install or repair the component on the local computer.
If the event originated on another computer, the display information had to be saved with the event.
The following information was included with the event:
Exception Details
the message resource is present but the message is not found in the string/message table
My logging code is:
public void Log(Exception exc)
My logging on Windows Forms is usually to a DB, but in this case decided to use the event log. I usually use the event log in ASP.NET applications, but those are on XP Pro locally and Windows Server 2003 on the web boxes.
Is this a Windows 7 thing or a Windows Forms thing, and what should I do to fix this? Thanks.


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2 Reviews
This is true "comfort food", with a lovely flavour! It is not an attractive dish, but very tastey! I halved this, but it still took about 90 mins before the potatoes were any where near ready. (maybe Huey likes his potatoes "crispy" ) Thanks Jewels.
I make this all the time in winter, it i a true comfort food. I add more rosemary though!


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Healthcare Content Marketing: What are People discussing about health online? and Who is active online?
A large number of people share and search for health-related information on Web-based social media. This activity has been increasing over the past 10 years and yet to date we have known little about who is posting and what information they are sharing. Recently a study based in the United States was published in J Med Internet […]Read More →


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Definition of oceanology in English:
1 another term for oceanography.
Example sentences
- The larger theories of geology, astronomy, oceanology, meteorology, ecology, biology, and even physics do not lend themselves to repeatable experiments.
- In sixth-period biology, we watch an oceanology video that seems to have been made like two decades ago.
1.1The branch of technology and economics dealing with human use of the sea.
oceanological adjective
- Example sentences
- It will cover the development of new methodology for oceanological techniques.
oceanologist noun
- Example sentences
- So, this huge mass of incredibly strange gelatinous stuff washes up on the shores of Chile, and oceanologists have no clue what the heck it is.
For editors and proofreaders
Line breaks: ocean|ology
Definition of oceanology in:
What do you find interesting about this word or phrase?
Comments that don't adhere to our Community Guidelines may be moderated or removed.
= trending


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Alien Concept Sculpting Test I by GrivetartWatch
©2012-2016 Grivetart
A test with the oven-bake clay "Super Sculpey". A just awsome material. With a photoshop layer for the render... ^__^
More tests soon...
More tests soon...
ayy nope
eww. creepy. gross. AWESOME!!!
Creepy and amazing ^^
wow , pretty cool and unique !!
spectacular work!! i love the colors and markings!
was there any frame inside him? or was it just all clay? beautiful alien btw.
VERY cool.
Il est intéressant, ce concept! Bon il fait un peu peur mais il est chouette.
Lovely design! I enjoy the long neck and the Photoshop rendering! Nice work
For a test this is pretty good. It looks like an aquatic alien creature. One thing I would like to see would be to make it more wet looking, like it just came out of the water.
Again good work.
Again good work.
That looks awesome! - Definitely a successful test!
weird lookin. You should draw him and his whole body.
Moi j'ai vu making-of! Ça défonce!


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William and Carol Venema of Zeeland announce the engagement of their daughter, Christina Joy Venema, to Jacob Richard Oakes, son of Jan Oakes of Walker and the late Rick Oakes.
The bride-elect attends Central Michigan University and is employed by Lighthouse Title and Insurance Group. The groom-elect attended Great Lakes EMS Academy, and is employed by American Medical Response and Walker Fire Department.
A June 7, 2014 wedding is planned.
Location, ST | website.com