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HITECH Stimulus Funds are Working
March 3, 2010 at 9:37 am Justin Wilcox Leave a comment
There's one metric, above all others, that represents the state of the healthcare information technology industry – the number of two-story vendor booths at HIMSS. While there are always vendors that take up an acre or two of floor space, the number of exhibitors with double-decker exhibitions fluctuates based on the industry's outlook.
At HIMSS 2008, just before the recession hit hard, I counted a dozen two-story booths in the literally mile-long corridor of vendors. Last year, when the economy was tanking and the HITECH stimulus $ was a big unknown, I only saw two double-decker booths. This year, we're probably in the 6-8 range, despite the economically tumultuous times. The reason for the rebounding is undoubtedly, the ARRA/HITECH Stimulus funds.
Thanks to the adept implementation of the legislation by the Office of the National Coordinator, the support of organizations like HIMSS & HITSP, and the enthusiasm of an industry primed for a federal booster shot, vendors and providers alike are spending $ and hiring people as if we weren't recovering from the great recession. People on the exhibit floor, on the shuttles, and in the bars are abuzz with talk of "meaningful use" and the tone is overwhelmingly optimistic.
If the goal of the HITECH stimulus was to get this sector of the economy moving again while advancing the use of electronic medical records, the rebounding number of two-story booths means we can safely check-off one of those goals off the list. Based on the progress I've seen and the discussions I've heard so far, the second is not far behind.
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Video Industry News Video Company News Technology Industry News Technology Company News Novelty Industry News Novelty Company News Gay Industry News Gay Company News Legal Industry News All Company News
Released: Jul 17th, 2007
Running Time: 137 Min.
Director: Tony Vidson
Cast: Jana (I), Sheila (I), Cloe (I), Paloma (I), Cindy Hope, Eve Angel
Critical Rating: AAA 1/2
Genre: All-Sex
Who doesn't like watching hot, smoothly depilated, lingerie-sporting foreign chicks making out and having sex with each other?
Of course, this movie will be a disappointment for any guy who primarily scans European videos for guys wearing Speedos, but for any heterosexual, it's sure to provide moments of, well, inspiration.
A steamy shower scene with Cindy Hope and Eve Angel will make do-it-yourselfers run to the local hardware store to pick up a hand-held water massage unit. You never know when two sexy brunettes are going to show up and feel the need the get clean.
Retailing: Stock in the chick-on-chick aisle and for Euro-fans.

subset: commoncrawl


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What other names is Pellitory known by?Akarakarabha, Akarkara, Anacyclus pyrethrum, Anthemis pyrethrum, Camomille Marocaine, Camomille Pyrèthre, Pelitre, Pyrèthre d'Afrique, Racine Salivaire, Sainte Hildegarde, Salivaire, Spanish Pellitory.
What is Pellitory?Pellitory is a plant. The root is used to make medicine.
People take pellitory for treating arthritis and for improving digestion.
Pellitory is sometimes applied directly to the gums for toothaches and to the skin to kill insects.
Don't confuse pellitory with another plant called pellitory-of-the-wall.
Insufficient Evidence to Rate Effectiveness for...
Natural Medicines Comprehensive Database rates effectiveness based on scientific evidence according to the following scale: Effective, Likely Effective, Possibly Effective, Possibly Ineffective, Likely Ineffective, and Insufficient Evidence to Rate (detailed description of each of the ratings).
Report Problems to the Food and Drug Administration
You are encouraged to report negative side effects of prescription drugs to the FDA. Visit the FDA MedWatch website or call 1-800-FDA-1088.


text:
Pampers Gift to Grow Points
Update: If you register now you will get 100 points for making an account! You can get a free Dora & Diego potty training chart w/ stickers!
Are you a member of the Pampers Gifts to Grow program? From time to time they offer online codes, as well as codes on Pampers products. You enter the codes to redeem prizes.
With just a few codes you can be redeeming prizes for free photo prints, Cheerios, and more. The best prize is a Radio Flyer wagon!
The following codes should work, if they don't please comment below and let me know so I can remove them.
New Codes:
PAMP8C91ACNEL16 – 50 points
Old Codes, Some May Work:
EM7638402848A14 – 25 points
REGTRG5E4MPA79W – 10 points
REGBRU5E4CPA79D – 10 points
PRWELCOMEU10PTS – 10 points
FBLBR9AWDAYB3E3 – 10 points
PAMPERSREWARDS1 – 15 points
50 point code:
10 point codes:
Start redeeming your points now.


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Be the first to like this
Published on
One of the most effective ways to drive traffic to your web site is by commenting on other people's blogs. Serious bloggers value great content over everything else, and only value those comments that are on topic and enhance or add to the conversation on their blog. Here's your 6-step blueprint to driving traffic to your site via blog comments:


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Translation of corral in Spanish:
- 1 (for animals)Example sentences
- The Punchestown Boys rode into town saying they were going to build a corral for cattle and horses that would be good for the town.
- The adult tick does not feed and may live in and around corrals, barns and cattle loafing areas for a year or more waiting to mate.
- Solar-powered gates can be used at the end of residential driveways, on rural access roads, for livestock corrals, and in many other areas.
transitive verb (British) corralling corralled
- 1(cattle)
encorralar(person)she was corraled by reporters
acorralarla acorralaron los periodistasExample sentences
Example sentences
- I once read an article about a guy who corralled a herd of particularly wily mustangs by just quietly pushing them from 3 miles back.
- Farmers were busy corralling animals that had climbed over snow banks and strayed from their land.
- We went into the woods and beat the trees with sticks until all manner of livestock stampeded out and were corralled into our barn.
- There was one debate over where they would all sleep and whether they would all be moved into particular areas so that they would be corralled together.
- Cars, which run on a vegetable oil fuel called biodiesel, are corralled together instead of parked outside each residence.
- I managed to get out just before the riot squad made a shield tunnel and corralled the crowd.
- 2(wagons)
formar un círculo conExample sentences
- As the wagons were corralled into an even tighter circle at the Crescent, the Trust arrived like the cavalry in the nick of time.
- Next day, Sully led his army back toward the corralled wagon train on Heart River, reaching the anxious civilians on the evening of July 31.
- 3(US) (votes)
Definition of corral in:
What do you find interesting about this word or phrase?
Comments that don't adhere to our Community Guidelines may be moderated or removed.
Grammar and usage help for Spanish:
= trending


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For the second consecutive quarter, Toys "R" Us has delivered positive comparable store net sales results in its U.S. and international segments.
After several years of market weakness, the company's international business as whole has begun to rebound, driven primarily by net sales increases in Japan and the U.K. Business in China and Southeast Asia remains strong, as the company continues its expansion in that region.
Total net sales for the second quarter ended Aug. 2 increased by 2.7%, driven by comparable store net sales growth of 1.5% domestically and 2.5% internationally.
"We are pleased with the improvement in our Adjusted EBITDA for the quarter as we continue to take the prudent and necessary steps to strengthen the foundation of our business," said Antonio Urcelay, chairman of the board and CEO. "During the second quarter, we completed the inventory clearance effort in our U.S. stores which began at the start of the fiscal year. While this resulted in a decline in margin rate in the interim, we believe it has significantly improved the overall health of our inventory and has us well-positioned for the influx of hot new products as we approach the holiday selling season. The actions we have taken during the first half of the year in implementing our TRU Transformation strategy, including strengthening our in-stock position, optimizing our inventory, implementing a clearer pricing strategy and simplifying promotions, should result in a much-improved shopping experience for our customers in the important months ahead."
The company's domestic comparable store net sales increase of 1.5% was primarily driven by increases in the core toy, learning and entertainment (which includes electronics, video game hardware and software) categories. International comparable store net sales were up 2.5% primarily due to increases in the core toy, learning and seasonal categories.
The company narrowed its operating loss, which was $42 million for the quarter, compared to an operating loss of $46 million in the prior year. Domestic segment operating earnings were $25 million lower primarily due to the inventory clearance efforts, while the international segment operating performance improved by $14 million primarily due to higher gross margin dollars, partially offset by an increase in SG&A.
Toys "R" Us operates 877 Toys "R" Us and Babies "R" Us stores in the United States and Puerto Rico. It also operates more than 710 international stores and more than 190 licensed stores in 35 foreign countries and jurisdictions.


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Nov. 24, 2013
Head Coach Don Lucia:
On the Gophers' performance today...
"Our special teams today didn't do the job. You can't give up four goals on the penalty kill and give up a short-handed goal and still give ourselves the chance to win. I thought we didn't play with great structure today, and we didn't have real discipline in our performance today, whether it was off of positioning, or stick positioning. Even the power play, giving up the two-on-ones. But, we are all in it together, and we will take the blame for that. (Matt) McNeely played well, and (Minnesota Duluth) definitely deserved the win today."
On the loss to Minnesota Duluth...
"There are going to be nights like these, but it is all part of the process. We have been talking about this since the first day of the season, the process, and trying to work to get better. There will be some peaks and valleys and that's just part of it. We understand that, and we accept that. We just to come back to work on Tuesday and get better and try to get ready for Wisconsin. The good news is for me is that we are sitting at 9-2-1 in our non-conference record, so that's good position to be in.
Junior Forward Travis Boyd:
On the loss to Minnesota Duluth...
"You usually expect a tight game, so it was pretty different here. It happened to be lop-sided one way each night. But, (Minnesota Duluth) executed very well (today). We made some mental mistakes and they capitalized on that. I thought we were just having a tough time. The whole game we just weren't clicking."
Gophers Mourn Mike Pearson
A native of Fort Frances, Ontario, Pearson was a three-year letter winner and a captain for Minnesota.
Pick Your Packs Now on Sale
To order Pick Your Packs visit MyGopherSports.com, call 1-800-U-Gopher or stop by the Mariucci Arena Ticket Office.
Remembering Former Gov. Wendell Anderson
Anderson was a Gopher Hockey alum and won a silver medal as a member of the 1956 U.S. Olympic Team.


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The Devon-Aire® Signature Woven Show Breech delivers European-inspired style at an affordable price. Breech fabric is woven to provide control, support and an attractive show-ring look. Contoured construction flatters the figure. This ladies' front-zip show breech has a Euro seat, microsuede knee patches and a mid-rise wide waistband.
The Tailored Sportsman Children's TS Trophy Hunter Front-Zip Breech provides a polished look for the show ring. Made of lightweight TS fabric with four-way stretch, this children's knee patch breech is classically styled with belt loops and knee patches.
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Ovation® EuroWeave™ Four-Pocket Men's Breeches deliver exceptional comfort. Four-way stretch, microfiber woven fabric wicks moisture and resists fading and shrinking. Great for schooling or show, this men's knee patch breech has two front and two back pockets.
The Riding Sport™ Competitor II Side-Zip Breech in breathable, four-way stretch fabric keeps you feeling and looking great. This durable breech has excellent shape retention and recovery properties to stay looking like new. It has a modified low rise, a wide waistband with belt loops, flattering front slash pockets and a Euro seat.
Riding Sport™ Jean Full-Seat Breeches are made of lightweight stretch woven fabric for exceptional comfort and style. Contrast stitching and a modified low-rise create a contemporary look. These full-seat breeches have four pockets, a front zip closure and belt loops.


text: With recent opening gigs for Joan Osborne and Stockholm Syndrome,and guesting frequently with New Orleans favorites The Revivalists,Seth Winters is starting to generate buzz and momentum on the east coast. Seth's music is a combination of mainstream songwriting with a guitar driven sound. His debut album,As Daylight Shines, was released in 2010 and upon its release Relix Magazine named Seth one of its "On The Verge' artists. "As Daylight Shines" features heavyweight names in music,from Jerry Depizzo of OAR to Bobby Lee Rodgers and production and background vocal work from Keith Cotton of Broadways "Hairspray" and "The Lion King".Seth is currently based in Athens Georgia and its growing independent music scene, and also playing shows all over the south electric with his band and occasionally solo acoustic. As Daylight Shines is available on Itunes and other independent music outlets.


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Kite flying event planned for school
Published: Thursday, April 20, 2006 at 4:30 a.m.
Last Modified: Thursday, April 20, 2006 at 12:00 a.m.
The ninth "Mighty Kite Flight" will be held from 10 a.m. to 4 p.m. Saturday at Hillandale Elementary School.
"The yearly spring event is a favorite of the young and the young at heart," said Barbara Hughes, owner of Narnia Studios which sponsors the event. "More and more kite enthusiasts of all ages come out each year. Last year, our youngest was in diapers and our oldest flyer was 87. Many are first time flyers as well."
The free event is held in conjunction with National Kite Month. There will be demonstrations by experienced kite flyers and help for the novice.
Spectators and participants are encouraged to bring a picnic lunch. For more information, call 697-6393 or visit www.narniastudios.com/mighty_kite_flight.htm.
Reader comments posted to this article may be published in our print edition. All rights reserved. This copyrighted material may not be re-published without permission. Links are encouraged.
Comments are currently unavailable on this article


text:
'Can You Tell Me a Little About Your Ex-Husband?'
A longtime opposition researcher on the dirty side of politics and why you always start with the ex-wife
She seems at ease, sitting on the top step of a large front porch, her legs crossed and a long, slim cigarette between her fingers. She wears a bit too much makeup, perhaps, but her face is pleasant and gives no reason to believe that the ensuing conversation won't be the same.
"So, can you tell me a little about your ex-husband?" I ask, standing on the bottom step with a notepad and pen in hand. Her words start flowing, in a tone that could put a baby to sleep, and for a moment it seems that they may never cease.
"Cheating son of a bitch." "Selfish bastard." And worse. They are in sentences, of course, but all I hear is those phrases. I try to display sympathy and concern, but inside I'm smiling because I know, as I always have, that ex-wives, ex-husbands, ex-girlfriends, ex-lovers, ex-anythings make some of the best sources.
My business partner Alan and I had received the call a few days earlier. A local politician was making noise about jumping into a congressional race against a longtime incumbent who was worried, apparently, about his job. The election was more than a year out, and the potential opponent had not yet announced. The task at hand was to try to make sure that he never did.
We get these projects every now and again. "Just see what's out there," they say, "and if there's nothing, so be it." But of all the different types of campaign research we do, this usually proves the most fruitful: local politicians rattling their chains without having thought through the whole idea—and without understanding that longtime incumbents work hard to remain longtime incumbents.
In this case, the front-porch interview isn't going very far; she just doesn't know that much about the man. His business dealings are a mystery to her. His political affairs are an unknown.
"So when you say he's a 'bastard,' I'm just guessing you're talking about your marriage?"
And then she begins. Yes, she is referring to her marriage. Yes, he was the most ill-tempered husband on the face of the earth. And yes, he had left her and started seeing another, younger, woman. They now live together, she tells me. They travel a lot, go to places he never took her. She resents him for all of it.
"Anything else?"
"Oh yeah," she says, almost as an afterthought, "I think he was arrested for beating her up."
These are the moments when a pause is not only mandatory; it is involuntary. I just stare down at my notepad and jot the words "assault" and "arrested." I scribble a big star to the side.
"So, what was that all about?" I ask in a near monotone, still looking down.
She tells me that the couple was going on a vacation out West when the incident supposedly occurred. She doesn't know where they were going, but says he "slapped her around" at an airport en route. She doesn't have much else. She then asks if it is something I can use. I tell her it's possible but that I'm not sure.
But that isn't true. I am sure.
Polling is the lifeblood of any well-funded political campaign. The information that my business partner Alan and I provide is used to develop the questions that pollsters ask of voters. And one thing polls show is that voters will tolerate an awful lot in politicians—cheating on spouses, dalliances with prostitutes, the occasional DUI. But they will never condone domestic violence.
Back at the office, I'm poring over a map, trying to figure out where the slap-down may have occurred. If such an incident did happen, there could be a report on file at one of the big Western airports. I call each of them, but with only a couple left to go, I'm striking out.
The call to the next airport security office starts the same way the others have. I tell the officer that I'm trying to track down some information on an assault that supposedly occurred at one of their gates. I have the name of the assailant and the victim, and I'm hoping for some assistance.
He asks what it's for. I say, "I'm doing some work for a client who needs to track this information down for a project they're trying to resolve in a hurry." Clear but confusing.
"Who's your client?"
"I'm not at liberty to say."
At this point, if the officer asks for additional details about the incident, you're usually golden. This one asks if I have the date of birth of the man I'm inquiring about. Of course I do. I got it from the ex-wife. Do I have the date this happened? No, just a period of time. Do I know what happened? Uh, no, that's why I'm asking.
He seems somewhat satisfied and asks for my phone number. He's going to do some checking and get back to me. Good, but not guaranteed.
Later, he calls back, excited to share. Yes, there is a report of an assault that occurred in one of the terminals between the ex-husband and the girlfriend. It apparently began with an argument that escalated into the slap-around. There was a busted lip, some blood and a short trip to the carpet for the girlfriend. Although the report makes no reference to an actual arrest, it is better than I had hoped.
Alan and I do not relish the pain or misfortune of victims. If you ask us, a man who's responsible for that kind of abuse should get everything that's coming to him and probably more. But it's not for us to decide. Our job is simply to find, document and collect. In our work, the judges and juries reside in the voting booths and campaign offices.
The client or candidate for whom we work generally has the next move. With a report like the one we've just provided, the scenario might go something like this:
A mutual friend of both the incumbent and his potential opponent makes a visit to the potential opponent and explains that a "situation" has arisen that could cause him some embarrassment. The friend offers a few details about the incident and says that it would probably be better if he considered backing off his intentions of running. At this point, the potential candidate acts surprised and insists that he was not involved in any such incident. He tells the friend that he has every intention of running. His insistence quickly turns to silence when the friend pulls out the incident report and hands it to him.
Within a couple of weeks of passing along the faxed report from airport security, Alan and I get an email telling us that the ex-husband has decided, in so many words, to stay put.
"Did you read this?" I ask Alan, almost in passing.
"Yep. Pretty good," he responds without looking up from his computer.
Nothing more is said.
—Mr. Rejebian is the co-author, with Alan Huffman, of the new book "We're With Nobody: Two Insiders Reveal the Dark Side of American Politics," from which this is excerpted.


text:
Superfun double golden lucky prosperous blog
This is basically a nifty implmentation of the paper I published last year (PDF), except Chinswing has left out a core affordance: easy quoting. Without quoting, context and quick browsing decrease in quality. Still, it's neat to see this tech in beta, I think there is potential here. YouTube's "video reply" service is similar except, again, without quoting. When we did our user study in the aforementioned paper, we decided to go with a mobile client because that's where such content may make the most sense.


text:
|Publication number
|Publication type
|Application number
|Publication date
|Mar 31, 1987
|Filing date
|Sep 9, 1985
|Priority date
|Sep 9, 1985
|Fee status
|Also published as
|Publication number
|Tomas B. Hirschfeld
|Original Assignee
|Ord, Inc.
|Export Citation
|BiBTeX, EndNote, RefMan
|Patent Citations (8), Referenced by (87), Classifications (17), Legal Events (7)
|External Links: USPTO, USPTO Assignment, Espacenet
This invention relates to optical apparatus for providing a transition between optical numerical apertures while conserving throughput, and more particularly to improved optical apparatus for carrying out chemical and biochemical assays.
Of the large variety of chemical and biochemical techniques used for analysis or assay, a particularly useful and sensitive one is an optical system employing the principles of attentuated total internal reflection (ATR) spectroscopy. Particularly useful for immunoassays, such an optical system employs a fiber optic wave guide, on a portion of the outer surface of which can be covalently immobilized an antibody reactive with an antigen in a test solution. A light beam introduced into one end of the wave guide will be totally internally reflected in the dense medium of the wave guide, and will generate an electromagnetic wave form, known as the evanescent wave component. The latter characteristically extends only a fraction of a wavelength across the interface between the wave guide and test solution. This penetration, however, is sufficient to permit substantial optical interaction between the evanescent wave component and the immobilized antibody with which the antigen in the test solution will complex, and only minimally with any bulk solution in which the antigen was present. Such optical interaction then permits one to assay the antigen. A number of such systems using internal total reflection spectroscopy for an assay are known and have been described, for example, in U.S. Pat. No. 4,133,639 in which is disclosed a system that measures fluorescence induced by the optical interaction; U.S. Pat. No. 4,050,895 which decribes a system based on absorption of the evanescent wave by the analyte; and U.S. Pat. Nos. 4,321,057 and 4,399,099 both of which disclose systems that detect changes in the radiation transmitted through the fiber; U.S. Pat. No. 4,447,546 which describes a fluorescence immunoassay system; and others.
A number of factors determine the sensitivity of such systems, one of the most important factors being that the sensitivity increases rapidly with the numerical aperture (NA) of the fiber at the point of contact with the surrounding medium being assayed. The sensitivity is a function with an 8th power dependence on NA at low values of the latter, and at a lower but still significant power at high values of NA.
Numerical aperture (NA) can be defined as:
(1) NA=n2 sinB
where n2 is the refractive index of the medium (typically air) through which the radiation is initially propagated so as to be incident upon an input end of the fiber, and B is the maximum acceptance angle of radiation at the input end of that fiber. Thus equation (1) defines the numerical aperture at the fiber input.
Numerical aperture can also be defined as:
(2) NA=(n0 2 -n1 2)1/2
where n0 is the refractive index of the fiber core, and n1 is the refractive index of the medium around the fiber (e.g. essentially the sample or bulk solution in which the antigen is disposed). Equation (2) thus may be used to define the numerical aperture at the point of contact between the fiber and the fluid being assayed. For such fiber, the numerical aperture where the surrounding medium contacts the fiber is highest when the fiber core material has a very high index and the medium surrounding it has a very low index, or n0 >>n1. For example, satisfactory sensitivities can be obtained where a glass fiber of ordinary index of refraction is surrounded by an aqueous solution that typically has an index of refraction in the vicinity of 1.33-1.35.
If the numerical aperture at the input of the fiber is less than that at the point of contact with the surrounding solution, then advantage is not being taken of the larger NA at the point of contact, and the system will not be nearly as sensitive as it could be, considering the eighth power dependence of the latter. Should the NA at the input be greater than that at the point of contact with the fiber, input radiation will spill out of the fiber at the interface and may vastly and undesirably increase background fluorescence.
While it is important to provide mounting means for the fiber so that at least that end of the fiber into which radiation is projected will be accurately positioned, contact between the fiber and the mounting will tend to reduce the numerical aperture inasamuch as the refractive index of the mounting material is generally higher than n1. To reduce this problem, it has been customary to clad the fiber, at least near the end of the fiber into which radiation is propagated, with a coating, typically of a high molecular weight polymer, disposed to provide an interposed, low-refractive index medium between the mounting and the fiber. Such coating may also be opaque and exhibit preferably low reflectivity. The portion of the fiber intended to contact the analyte solution or sample to be assayed is left uncoated. Ideally, any radiation that can go through the fiber can be usefully employed if the index of the cladding is the same as the index of the sample. Unfortunately, the refractive index of most cladding obtainable is around 1.40 to 1.43, and such indices limit the maximum numerical aperture to a value much lower than the one that might be obtained if a lower index cladding were available.
Additionally, the numerical aperture can be improved by providing a clad fiber with a higher index glass core, but very high refractive index glasses are not currently commercially available as fibers with plastic, strippable cladding of low refractive index. Improvement in numerical aperture also can be achieved by insuring that radiation flux is as high as possible over the maximum solid acceptance angle of the system, and precisely mounting the clad end of the fiber becomes particularly important when the off-axis angle of incoming radiation is very large. This mounting requirement is particularly difficult to meet with respect to the very small diameter (e.g. ca. <350 microns) telecommunication fibers presently available. For example, in U.S. Pat. No. 4,050,895, there is shown the use of a number of hemispherical lenses and an annular aperture to couple large angle rays into a fiber. However, to obtain very high numerical apertures in this manner requires highly corrected lenses with shallow depth-of-field. Such lenses are difficult to fabricate, quite expensive, difficult to keep aligned, and have reduced transmission because of their typically multi-element structure. Immersion systems must currently be used for high numerical aperture illumination, but tend to be unwieldy and are also expensive.
A principal object of the present invention is therefor to provide an improved optical system which minimizes the need for immersion optics, improves the optical transmission of the fiber, permits the illuminating lenses with larger depth of focus, all with the benefit of an improved numerical aperture. Other important objects of the present invention are to provide a novel optical fiber with a substantially increased numerical aperture; and to provide such an optical fiber for total internal reflective transmission, which fiber permits the use of cladding material of ordinary refractive index to be used adjacent the portion where the fiber is mounted or held.
Yet other important objects of the present invention are to provide an improved optical system for detecting analytes at a solid-liquid interface with ATR techniques; to provide such an optical system using fiber optics with improved numerical aperture and thus an increased sensitivity; to provide such a system in which the numerical aperture achieved may be substantially as high as is allowed by the refractive indices of the sample and the fiber; to provide such a system in which the effect on the system response due to varying the refractive index of the analyte sample is reduced; to provide such a system which permits one to employ fibers of larger diameter than could heretofore be reasonably employed, and therefore make it easier to mount and align the fiber and to provide a more rugged system; to provide such a system in which the entrance area is substantially increased, thereby allowing greater light collection but in which the fiber diameter at the sampling region is reduced thereby providing greater sensitivity; to provide such a system in which the tolerance requirements for both transverse and axial alignment of the fiber are reduced; and to provide a method of improving the numerical aperture in a fiber-optic assay system.
These and other objects are realized by employing, for purposes of the present invention, a fiber tapered gradually from a relatively large diameter entrance pupil to a substantially smaller diameter at a position longitudinally displaced from the entrance pupil. Such a tapered fiber will exhibit conservation of throughput because there will be a gradual increase in the incidence angle of the radiation as the latter travels down the fiber from the entrance pupil toward the smaller diameter portion section, the numerical aperture of the radiation in the smaller cross-sectional portions becoming higher by the inverse ratio of the diameters. In other words, the light beam traversing the fiber is angularly compressed by the taper of the medium in which it is confined; the ratio of the diameters of the large and small portions of the tapered fiber is the exact inverse of the ratio of numerical apertures.
Other objects of the present invention will in part be obvious and will in part appear hereinafter.
The invention accordingly comprises the apparatus possessing the construction, combination of elements and arrangement of parts, and the method comprising the several steps and relation and order of one or more of such steps with respect to the others, all of which are exemplified in the following detailed disclosure, and the scope of the application of which will be indicated in the claims.
For a fuller understanding of the nature and objects of the present invention, reference should be had to the following detailed description taken in connection with the accompanying drawing wherein
FIG. 1 shows, in idealized, enlarged cross-section, a fiber incorporating the principles of the present invention;
FIG. 2 illustrates, in an enlarged longitudinal cross-section, an assay device incorporating an idealized optical fiber embodying the principles of the present invention; and
FIG. 3 is an elevational view of the input end of the assay device of FIG. 2;
FIG. 4 illustrates, in idealized, enlarged cross-section, an alternative form of a fiber structure incorporating the principles of the present invention;
FIG. 5 illustrates, in an enlarged longitudinal cross-section an alternative assay device incorporating an optical fiber of the present invention; and
FIG. 6 shows a schematic system employing the fiber of the present invention as a transition element in a typical solid state optical transmission system;
Referrring to FIG. 1, there is shown an embodiment of the present invention exemplified by fiber 20. The latter is an elongated body extending from one end or entrance face 22 to an opposite or terminal end 24, fiber 20 preferably having a substantially circular cross-section. At face 22 the fiber surface typically is planar, is disposed normally to the longitudinal axis of the fiber and is preferably highly polished to minimize any blemishes or surface defects that would tend to scatter incident excitation radiation. Alternatively, face 22 of the fiber may be configured in other desired optical shapes to serve, for example as a magnifying or matching optical surface. Fiber 20 is adapted to propagate along its length, by multiple total internal relection, optical excitation radiation entering entrance face 22 within a conical acceptance angle (B) substantially symmetric with the long axis of the fiber and defined hereinbefore, as well known to those skilled in the fiber optics art, in equation (1). Fiber 20 may be any of a very large number of substantially homogeneously materials optically transparent to the excitation radiation, e.g. glassy materials such as glass, crystalline materials such as quartz, sapphire and the like; synthetic polymers such as polyolefins, polypropylenes and the like. Where fiber 20 is to be used in fluid assays as described hereinafter, the index of refraction (n1) of the material forming fiber 20 must be greater than n2, the index of refration of the fluid being assayed. The latter index is typically aboout 1.3 for an aqueous solution.
In one form, fiber 20 is shaped to provide a preferably gradual, smooth, longitudinal taper from entrance face 22 to terminal end 24. This gradual transition serves to increase the input beam convergence gradually without exceeding the critical angle for the fiber. Ideally the taper of the fiber should not exceed 5�. Typically for a fiber of several millimeters in length, the diameter would then taper smoothly (i.e. not necessarily linearly but with substantially no discontinuities or abrupt angular changes in the taper angle) from an diameter of 1 mm at face 22 to a few hundred microns at end 24. If the diameter of the fiber at end 24 finally becomes smaller than some limiting value at which maximum numerical aperture is achieved, the radiation will spill or escape from fiber at that point.
Referring to the embodiment shown in FIG. 2, there is shown an exemplary apparatus 26 for assaying a fluid, which apparatus incorporates the principles of the present invention. Apparatus 26 includes optical fiber 20, enclosure 28 and mounting means 30, and is similar in many respects to the system shown in U.S. Pat. No. 4,447,546 issued May 8, 1984 to one of the inventors of the present invention.
Fiber 20 of FIG. 2 has essentially the features described in connection with the embodiment of FIG. 1 except that for purposes of maximizing excitation by input radiation, tapered portion 32 thereof extends between input portion 34 and an elongated output portion 36. Both of the latter have preferably substantially constant diameters. The diameter of input portion 34 matches the larger diameter of tapered portion 32 and the diameter of output portion 36 matches the diameter of the smaller diameter of tapered portion 32. Because the surface of output portion 36 is to be used as a sampling or sensing zone for the assay, all sampling is then achieved at the highest numerical aperture of the system, i.e. at the smaller diameter end of the fiber. For purposes of an immunoassay apparatus, fiber 20 will typically be about 25 mm in length, it being understood however, that such length is merely exemplary and not limiting.
Mounting means 30 is shown simply as short sleeve, cladding or ferrule 38 surrounding a short portion of fiber 20 adjacent face 22 and extending radially therefrom into contact with a portion of the internal surface of enclosure 28 adjacent one end of the latter. As shown particularly in FIG. 3, ferrule 38 is preferably provided with one or more perforations 40 extending substantially parallel to the axis of fiber 20 so as to enable fluid communication between the volumes adjacent each end of the ferrule. The primary function of ferrule 38 is to position fiber 20 so that input radiation can be directed accurately onto face 22, and also to maintain fiber 20 in spaced relation to the internal surface of enclosure 28. Because ferrule 38 necessarily is in contact with a portion of the surface of fiber 20, it may adversely affect the numerical aperture of the fiber, so it is highly desirable to limit the contact between the ferrule and fiber to a minimum commensurate with the ferrule's mechanical role, and to fabricate it of a material, such as siloxane, having a low index of refraction preferably near or matching that of the fluid to be assayed.
In an exemplary embodiment, it is intended that an operative portion such as elongated output portion 36 of the fiber surface be defined as an activated region at which the assay is to be performed. Portion 36 can be delimited by additional cladding added at opposite ends of the fiber surface so that only the desired portion of the fiber remains unclad. The dimensions of the activated region can, of course be controlled by other techniques and indeed, substantially the entire length of the fiber beyond the ferrule can constitute the activated region. However, as noted, it is desireable to configure the activated portion as a cylinder of constant diameter of the highest obtainable numerical aperture, thereby conferring the greatest sensitivity upon the system. To activate the surface of portion 36, the latter is typically coated or treated with a reagent such as those described in detail in U.S. Pat. No. 4,447,546 and incorporated herein by reference.
Enclosure 28 is a tube, preferably but not necessarily optically transparent, but formed of a material that is relatively insoluble and chemically non-reactive with the fluid being assayed. Typically enclosure 28 is simply a glass tube having an inside diameter greater than the maximum outside diameter of fiber 20, and preferably dimensioned to delimit a predetermined volume surrounding at least the activated surface of fiber portion 36.
Manufacturing of the tapered fiber can be accomplished quite simply by starting, for example, with a commercially available, constant diameter (e.g. 500 microns) glass fiber core, heating the fiber locally as with a torch or electrical heater until a local portion of the fiber becomes plastic, and then drawing the fiber at a rate and with a temperature distribution as to cause the fiber to taper to a reduced diameter, e.g. 300 microns. The minimum acceptable taper angle is governed by such practical considerations as the acceptable length of fiber, but the maximum taper angle should not exceed that necessary to preserve the necessary critical angular relationship necessary to maintain transmission by total internal reflection, and thus depends upon the index of refraction of the fiber material. For example, for a fiber core of fused quartz, the maximum taper angle should preferably be kept below about 5�. The tapered fiber may then be severed where desired. The choice of time, temperatures, drawing rates and temperature distribution of course depend largely upon the physical characteristics of the particular material chosen for the fiber. Any of a number of other known methods for drawing or forming a tapered fiber may be used. The present invention lends itself surprisingly well to formation of a double-passing fiber (i.e. one capable of transmitting light from the entrance face to the distal end and then reflecting the light back through the fiber to the entrance face if desired). Such a distal reflecting surface, located at end 42 in FIG. 2, can easily be formed simply by heating the fiber at that point and drawing the fiber at a rate high enough to rupture the fiber and form a high-angled termination which serves as a mirror capable of reflecting light in the opposite direction. Termination 42 thus can be similar in effect to a prism reflector, but can be much more simply formed without the problems attendant on formation of conventional mirrors such as grinding, plating, polishing and the like. Of course, termination 42 can simply be shaped to spill out the light, if desired, inasmuch as one can observe the fluoresence at input face 22 without interferece from the exciting radiation.
In operation of the embodiment of FIG. 2, portion 36 of fiber 20 is provided with coat 43 of any of a number of activating reagents (such as a constituent of an antibody-antigen complex that includes a fluorescent tag) and essentially subjected to the same procedure as are described in U.S. Pat. No. 4,447,546. Briefly, interspace 44 between enclosure 28 and fiber 20 is filled with a liquid sample of the material to be assayed, the sample allowed to incubate if necessary. As shown in FIG. 2, the apparatus is employed with fluorimeter 45 which provides an excitation radiation source, preferably a solid-state radiation emitter or a laser so that the wave length of the radiation can be precisely specified. Entrance face 22 is illuminated with the excitation radiation, the latter being typically capable of exciting or inducing fluorescence in the volume traversed adjacent the surface of portion 36 by an evanescent wave accompanying the transmission of the radiation down the fiber. The excitation radiation is angularly compressed from the input end of the fiber to the coated portion by the taper of the fiber, thereby increasing the numerical aperture considerably. Because the numerical aperture of portion 36 is so much greater than that of face 22, the reagent being excited by the evanescent wave is subjected to a considerably greater excitation intensity that would be experienced by an untapered fiber with the same diameter entrance face. The induced fluorescence then tunnels back into the fiber from the excited material to be read by photometer 45. Alternatively, one can positionthe detection portion of the photometer at the distal end of the fiber to measure the fluoresence emitted therefrom, but in such case provision should be made to discriminate between the excitation radiation and the fluoresent radiation by filtering.
For maximum sensitivity in an assay system of the present invention it is highly desirable to achieve as nearly as possible the maximum numerical aperture. As previously noted, too little loses signal as the eighth power; too large spills power out, losing some signal and increasing background fluorescence. To reproduce fibers exhibiting maximum numerical aperture requires accurate reproduction from fiber to fiber of the same ratio of the diameter of the input face to the sensitive region of the fiber, implying unrealistic manufacturing tolerances.
This problem can be obviated by building the fiber with an entrance diameter somewhat larger than necessary, i.e. to provide a diameter ratio di /df slighly too large, di being the diameter at the input and df being the diameter at the final or sensitive point on the fiber. With such as structure, input radiation will start spilling out of the fiber when it reaches the sample covered portion of the fiber, the lower surrounding refractive index of air up to that point preventing energy loss through the fiber surface. This serves as a constraint on the maximum useable diameter ratio. The latter should be larger than can be accomodated by the fiber/sample interface, but smaller than that which insures total internal reflection at the fiber/air interface. This relation can be expressed as ##EQU1## where n0 is the refractive index of the fiber, n1 the refractive index of the sample, and NAi is the numerical aperture at the input surface of the fiber. Under these conditions, the extra light collected by the larger input area will remain in the fiber until it reaches the point or zone where the surrounding medium has the same index as the sample. Because the larger di implies larger energy input, the loss of energy will leave the net energy transfer the same as in a system of smaller di without spilled radiation, but the spilled energy should not be permitted to create background interference. To this end, as shown in FIG. 4 (wherein like numerals denote like parts with repect to the embodiment of FIG. 2, at or adjacent the junction between portions 32 and 36, at which any radiation spilling out of the fiber will tend to cause background problems, the fiber is surrounded with radiation absorbent collar 47 in contact with the fiber around the periphery thereoof and formed of a material having an index of refraction matched to that of the sample solution as nearly as is expedient. For example, for aqueous samples, collar 47 may be a gel filled with an absorbent dye or carbon bench, or may be simply a ring of radiation absorbent plastic such as black polytetrafluoroethylene.
Not only does the increase in diameter ratios lower the manufacturing tolerance requirements, but it also serves to reduce the positioning tolerances required, both axially and transversely, for the fiber in an assay system. The increase in the area of the input face obiously decreases the transverse positioning tolerance requirement because in such case a focussed beam has more distance to wander transverely before leaving the input face. Because the increase in area also reduces the acceptance angle B required to obtain the same numerical aperture, the permissible depth of focus of the input optics is enlarged and the axial tolerance required for the input face of the fiber to remain within the depth of focus is relaxed.
The present system allows one to provide an optical fiber assay apparatus with as high a numerical aperture as may be achieved subject to the constraints imposed by the refractive index of the sample and the index of the fiber core. Since one may start with a fairly substantial glass "rod" rather than the fine fibers such as are disclosed in U.S Pat. No. 4,447,546, one is not limited to the type of glass that may be used, i.e. telecommunication glasses, and therefore one may use very high index glasses which further enhances the maximum numerical aperture that can be obtained at the fiber portion in contact with the sample. In fact, the maximum numerical aperture at the sample can now be larger than unity. To achieve this without tapering the fiber, the illuminator would have to be an immersion system. In other words, since the input numerical aperture of a tapered fiber can be lower than the numerical aperture that exists inside the tapered fiber at the point of contact with the sample, one may dispense with immersion by using a fiber which has an entrance diameter large enough so that the entrance numerical aperture stays below unity.
Further, use of the tapered fiber of the present invention permits one to use input lenses of lower numerical aperture. Such lower numerical aperture lenses are cheaper, easier to build, better corrected, tend to have higher transmission, and also have better depths of field so that focusing them is less critical.
Because the tapered fiber itself (at least at the end where it is mounted or held) may be larger in diameter than in prior art assay devices, one can use the tapered fiber to construct a system that is more rugged and has much more relaxed tolerances in positioning. And because the entrance or wide end of the taper fiber need not have a numerical aperture as large as that required by the prior art, cladding of any reasonable refractive index can be accommodated and the problem of holding or mounting the fiber is trivialized in this respect.
In assay systems using optical fibers, small uncontrollable variations in the refractive index of the sample desirably should nevertheless have a minimum effect on the readings. Small variations in the refractive index of the surface layer are also hard to control because they are dependent on the manner in which the reagent, such as an antibody layer, has been applied to the surface of the fiber. Because the tapered fibers of the present invention so improve the effective numerical aperture and one can use fibers of high refractive index in such assay devices, the importance of controlling the surface film and background refractive indices is thus much reduced and better measurements are possible. For example, in an assay device using a tapered fiber with a refractive index around 1.76, measurements made respectively using samples of water and serum showed a response variation of about 10% as contrasted with a factor of approximately 2 for a system using a standard cylindrical untapered fiber.
The advantages of the use of a tapered fiber in an fluoresence assay device are quite considerable. The limit of numerical aperture (for liquid samples) for normal fibers is roughly 0.3 if one uses extended cladding or 0.4 if only short segments of cladding are used and some loss into the cladding can be tolerated. In a tapered fiber of the present invention numerical apertures in excess of 1.0 are easily obtainable. To optimize for the particular sample being assayed, the taper ratio should be selected such that the ratio of the numerical apertures gives the wanted final numerical aperture at the sample. The maximum numerical aperture obtainable in this manner is the square root of the fiber index squared minus the sample index squared. For example, the maximum numerical aperture is 1.12 for a high index 1.76 fiber and index 1.351 sample. This high numerical aperture implies a factor of about 500 times greater sensitivity than is obtainable with standard cylindrical fibers.
The improvement in the assay apparatus signal with numerical aperture is due optimally to four factors: a square factor in the light-gathering power of the system, a square factor in the efficiency of exciting the evanescent wave, a square factor in the efficiency of collecting the fluorescence produced by the evanescent wave and a square factor in the solid angle of collection of the fluorescence. However, there is intrinsic reduction in the strengths of coupling with an increase in the index of the fiber so that at high numerical apertures, one cannot expect an 8th power enhancement. Thus, in assay apparatus with tapered fibers of high numerical aperture one only finds an improvement over the prior art by a maximum factor of roughly 500 instead of a 10,000 fold theoretical improvement. This improvement occurs partially because the thickness of the evanescent zone becomes less at high numerical aperture and therefore a smaller volume is being sampled. There is a thickness effect for the bulk sample, and where the thickness effect is absent as in a small fiber, there is a small further effect due to index mismatch and a variation in coupling strengths of radiation across the interface.
In the description of the fiber of the present invention heretofore, portions 32 and 36 have been considered to be homogeneous, at least by implication, but such is not necessary and in some cases, not particularly desirable. As shown particularly in FIG. 5, fiber 20 is formed of two abutting sections, 46 and 48, corresponding respectively to portions 32 and 36, but tapered section 46 is formed of a clear, synthetic polymer such as polymethylemethacrylate, and section 48 is formed of an optical glass, due care being taken to configure the joint between the sections to provide maximum transmission of the propagated radiation along the fiber.
As shown in FIG. 6, the fiber of the present invention also finds substantial utility as a transition element to match diameter of input-output optics in transmission lines. In FIG. 6, fiber 20 is coupled at input face 22 to solid-state optical source 50 such as a laser or light-emitting diode that cannot normally be reduced in size, and distal end 24 of fiber 20 is coupled to the input of transmission-quality optical fiber 52. The output of the latter in turn is connected to photoelectric sensor 54. Alternatively, if a further transition is desired, the output of fiber 52 may be connected to the smaller end of another like fiber 20, the larger end of which is then coupled to sensor 54.
Since certain changes may be made in the above apparatus and method without departing from the scope of the invention herein involved, it is intended that all matter contained in the above description or shown in the accompanying drawings shall be interpreted as illustrative and not in a limiting sense.
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|Aperture adapters for laser-based coating removal end-effector
|Mar 14, 2006
|Dec 3, 2009
|Saaski Elric W
|Optical assay apparatus and methods
|Jan 26, 2007
|Dec 10, 2009
|Drexel University
|Ultra Sensitive Tapered Fiber Optic Biosensor For Pathogens, Proteins, and DNA
|Nov 6, 2009
|Feb 25, 2010
|General Lasertronics Corporation
|Color sensing for laser decoating
|Jul 1, 2010
|Oct 21, 2010
|Smith Ronald T
|Surgical Variable-Angle Illuminator
|Feb 15, 2006
|Jul 6, 2011
|High throughput endo-illuminator probe
|Jun 13, 1996
|Apr 1, 1998
|DyStar Textilfarben GmbH & Co. Deutschland KG
|Optical probe with sensor made of an optical polymer
|May 11, 1995
|Nov 23, 1995
|Applied Systems, Inc.
|Optical sensing with crystal assembly sensing tip
|May 29, 1998
|Dec 3, 1998
|University Of Maryland
|Optical fiber evanescent field excited fluorosensor and method of manufacture
|U.S. Classification
|250/458.1, 436/527, 250/461.2, 385/43
|International Classification
|Cooperative Classification
|European Classification
|Sep 9, 1985
Owner name: ORD, INC., NAHANT, MASSACHUSETTS, A CORP OF MASSAC
Free format text: ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST.;ASSIGNOR:HIRSCHFELD, TOMAS B.;REEL/FRAME:004455/0579
Effective date: 19850829
|Jul 16, 1990
|Fee payment
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|Aug 11, 1994
|Fee payment
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|Jun 30, 1997
Owner name: BOEHRINGER MANNHEIM CORPORATION, INDIANA
Free format text: ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST;ASSIGNORS:BLOCK, MYRON J.;ORD CORPORATION;REEL/FRAME:008574/0911
Effective date: 19960617
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Owner name: ROCHE DIAGNOSTICS CORPORATION, INDIANA
Free format text: CHANGE OF NAME;ASSIGNOR:BOEHRINGER MANNHEIM CORPORATION;REEL/FRAME:009731/0864
Effective date: 19981211
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Owner name: ROCHE DIAGNOSTICS OPERATIONS, INC., INDIANA
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Effective date: 20040101


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My theme is "under the influence" and the url is twentysomethinyears.wordpress.com
I am not even sure what version of wordpress I am using!!
I have been trying to add a facebook "like" button to my page but I cannot find the "plugins" section that is required to do it.
- is it the version I am using or my theme? If it is either of these.. is there an alternative or how can I solve the problem?
Thanks for your help


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I have 4 AKC boxers BRINDLE AND WHITE puppies available
3 males( brindle)
1 female(brindle)
! tails docked
! dew claws removed
! will have 2,4,6, & 8 week wormer
! will come with first shots
! will come with akc application
! proof shown for all
parents on premises
if interested please text at 330-413-9645 thanks***
Jul 21 -
Northeast Ohio :
Canton - Dogs & puppies
This boy is beautiful. He is family raised and well socialized. He comes with tail docked, dew claws removed, 1st shots, wormed, vet checked, AKC application, health guarantee, puppy starter kit and family raised. For more information text 330-347-6720 or call 330-262-7620 or send an email through this site. Thanks and may the Lord Jesus Christ bless your day.
Jul 18 -
Northeast Ohio :
Wooster - Dogs & puppies
This beautiful girl will be ready in about 2 weeks. She is family raised and well socialized. She comes with tail docked, dew claws removed, AKC application, vet check, 1st shots, wormed, 1 year health guarantee, puppy starter kit and lots of love to share. For more information text 330-347-6720, email through this website or call 330-262-7620. Thanks and may the Lord Jesus Christ bless your day.
We have pups born on 5-26-16 and will be ready for there new homes. We have 2 females available 1 white, 1 brindle.
Puppies are vet checked, tails docked, dew claws removed, de-wormed at 2,4,6 & 8 weeks old, first vaccine done at 6 weeks old, socialization with children and other dogs, started on house training, and raised in my home. Pups come with a 1 yr health guarantee and spay contract. ...
Jul 16 -
Northeast Ohio :
Edinburg - Dogs & puppies
We have 6 boxer puppies whelp date June 27th 2016. 3 females and 3 males one classic fawn and 5 brindle. They come ckc registrable with tails docked dew claws removed and will have their first set of shots and worming done. They will be ready for their new homes the week of August 24th.
Jul 15 -
Knoxville :
Knoxville - Dogs & puppies
I have 6 CKC white boxer puppies with brown and brindle markings. They were born on May 26th. I have 4 females and 2 males. Their tails and declaws have been removed and they will be up-to-date on vaccines and they will be wormed. I have both mother and father on premises.
Updated: Only 1 male left which is the 4th picture. Have 3 females left which are 1st, 2nd, and 3rd picture.
I am ...
Jun 29 -
Tri-Cities (TN) :
Wooton - Dogs & puppies
Bulldog Pug Cross with a 1/4 English Bulldog & 1/4 Beagle, and 1/2 Pug, Mommy is a Beabull & Daddy is a Pug, we call them Pugbea puppies they will resemble a small Boxer, like having a boxie Puggle & small Beabull, 4 males two of them have brindle markings & 2 fawns, 2 females with brindle markings, dew claws removed & tails docked, wormed, shots, paper trained, health records, vet check & ...
Jun 21 -
Erie :
Pierpont - Dogs & puppies
We have AKC Boxer pups. They will not be shown until they get their first set of shots for their protection. We will gladly send pics in the mean time. We are a small family kennel and our pups are well socialized before they come to your home. 2 litters to choose from. They will have tails docked, 1st shots, dew claws removed, AKC application, vet checked, 1 year health guarantee, and a ...
Jun 12 -
Northeast Ohio :
Wooster - Dogs & puppies
Boxer puppies three females left they are reverse brindle they will be ready june20 2016 tails and dew claws removed will be vet checked and wormed and very social with kids and other pets not papered they are pet only mom and dad available for view mom is brindle and Also looking for a home for more info call or text 5029159266
Jun 8 -
Louisville :
Louisville - Dogs & puppies
I have 3 purebred boxer puppies that have had tails docked and are ready to go home! 1 female and 2 male's one of the male's a flashy brindle.
Please call me (440)265-6188 they will go fast!
Jun 7 -
Erie :
Conneaut - Dogs & puppies
AKC registered boxer puppy. One brindle male left. Born 05/25/16. Vet checked and first set of shots done. Both parents on site. $750.00. For more information, call/text (734) 478-5477.
Jun 5 -
Detroit :
Whittaker - Dogs & puppies
We'll be sending text message alerts for your subscription to


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Man, how I wish Jordan Brand would've increased the supply of those AJ III "Doernbecher".
New Videos
Subscribe to the Sneaker News Youtube Channel
November 7, 2012 BY John Kim / 4
Nate Robinson made all the right decisions yesterday. No confirmation on whether or not he voted for Chicago-native Barack Obama for the 2012 Presidential Election, but his NBA Feet selection last night was a true winner. Against the Orlando Magic, Nate broke out the Air Jordan III 'Doernbecher' continuing his early run at NBA Feet champion for the 2012-2013 season. Is Nate an early favorite, especially after have gave us a preview of what he plans to wear this season? More shots of Nate in the DB3s below, so take a look and stay tuned for more NBA Feet coverage.
Photos: espn
Filed under: Air Jordan Basketball Celebrity Feet
Man, how I wish Jordan Brand would've increased the supply of those AJ III "Doernbecher".
nate is really tryna be on top if the kicks game this season. love those DB3s
Nates always got heat.
Always loved those 3s like a SOB. But Nate was a better player before he chose to rock Jordans.
Subscribe to the Sneaker News Youtube Channel


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Video Industry News Video Company News Technology Industry News Technology Company News Novelty Industry News Novelty Company News Gay Industry News Gay Company News Legal Industry News All Company News
Released: Nov 01st, 2005
Running Time: 138
Director: Danny Case
Company: Third Degree Films
Cast: Alexis Malone, Tommy Gunn, Pat Myne, David Perry, Alektra Blue, Kelly Wells, Roxy Jezel, Angel Dark, Mark Wood, Monica Sweetheart
Critical Rating: AAAA
Genre: Specialty
Roxy Jezel's outstanding scene begins with double-pronged dong play before an intense hair-pulling, mascara-running, gagging deep throat session and a screaming anal climax. The action is so hot that Pat Myne blows his load twice. This one goes to 11!
Alektra Blue and Alexis Malone team up for a hot threeway with some first class double-sucking, Monica Sweetheart gets triple penetrated, Angel Dark milks David Perry's cock with her ass, and Kelly Wells is in full-on filthy whore mode for her d.p. scene.
Pre-nom for Best All-Sex and Jezel & Myne for Best Couples Scene.
Retailing: A tasty main course of no-holes-barred sex with cream pies for dessert.


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Campus Events Calendar
Thursday, April 3, 2014
TEKsystems On Campus Recruiting Time: 9:00a - 5:00p Location: Career Center - McGowan Details:
Representatives from TEKsystems will be on campus to conduct interviews for available positions within the company.
Simon Gabriel Brute Student Art Exhibition Time: 10:00a - 1:00p Location: Delaplaine Fine Arts Center: Williams Gallery Details:
The Simon Gabriel Bruté Student Art Exhibition is an annual juried event open to all current students at the Mount. This exhibition encompasses all mediums including four categories, painting, works on paper, mixed media/sculpture, and book art.
Career Center Awareness Table Time: 11:00a - 2:00p Location: Patriot Hall Details:
Stop by our information table in Patriot and learn how the Career Center can help you with your resume, job search, internships and much more! You can also make an appointment with one of our career counselors.
Daily Mass Time: 11:45a - 12:15p Location: Chapel of the Immaculate Conception Details:
Daily Mass.
When classes are in session.
SmallTalk: Talking the Talk, The 2013 Loebner Prize Competition Time: 2:00p - 2:30p Location: Laughlin Auditorium Details:
Speaker: Scott Weiss
In 1950, Alan Turing proposed a game to help determine if a computer could think, now called the Turing Test. In 1990, Hugh Loebner established a $100,000 cash prize awarded to someone who designed a program to pass the test. In this talk, we'll look at how the test works and how well this year's competitors did.
SmallTalk is an informal colloquium series on topics related to Mathematics and Computer Science. Talks are limited to 30 minutes. Refreshments provided by the Mount MAA and ACM Student Chapters.
Etiquette Dinner Time: 4:30p - 5:00p Location: O'Hara Dining Room Details:
How am I supposed to hold an appetizer plate, glass, and shake hands at the same time? Register to attend the Career Center's Etiquette Dinner to find out this answer and more.
Lenten Reconciliation Time: 7:30p - 9:45p Location: IC Chapel Details:
Lenten Reconciliation Evening
9:45 pm Mass Immediately following in the IC Chapel
Universal Self Arts Education Workshop: Kilusan Bautista Time: 7:30p - 8:30p Location: Cardinal William H. Keeler Dining Room Details:
International Performance Artist, Humanitarian & Entrepreneur, Kilusan Bautista is an emerging voice for Diasporic communities raised within the Hip Hop Generation. Kilusan means movement in the Philippines and he was given this name in 1999 as a reminder to live as a conscious and caring global citizen. Originally from San Francisco, CA, and currently based in New York City, Kilusan combines the performance elements of theater, spoken word poetry, martial arts and interpretive movement.
Senior Theatre Major Production: The Complete Works of William Shakespeare (Abridged) Time: 8:00p - 10:00p Location: Delaplaine Fine Arts Center: Horning Theater Details:
All Thirty-eight of the Master's plays, performed by four actors in under two hours.....how is that possible? You'll just have to come and see!
A senior Project Production, directed by Mary Kate Coleman.
Free admission
Daily Mass Time: 9:45p - 10:15p Location: IC Chapel Details:
Mass in IC Chapel immediately following Lenten Evening of Reconciliation (7:30pm -9:45pm).
Midnight Premier: Captain America 2 Time: 11:00p - 2:00a Location: Off Campus Details:
Head over to Frank Theaters in Gettysburg, PA (located near the Outlets), to see the next installment of the Captain America saga - but make sure you stop by the Office of Campus Activities first to pick up your discounted movie ticket for only $6.00.


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Understanding and responding to the increase in teen depression
A family history of depression or anxiety, childhood trauma or abuse and chronic medical illness are all risk factors for depression, according to a report published by British Columbia Medical Journal.
"Another factor could be that we're recognizing it more," Singh said. As more parents and doctors understand the symptoms of adolescent depression, they are better able to differentiate between teenage moodiness and severe medical issues.
Signs and symptoms
The first step to treating depression is recognizing the symptoms, which are sometimes difficult to distinguish from the normal anxiety that accompanies puberty and adolescence, according to an article about teen depression from the Mayo Clinic.
Chelsea Bown, a recent college graduate, was a senior in high school when she started experiencing depressive symptoms. She stopped caring about school, and her grades dropped. Her relationships with her friends disintegrated. Although she recognized that something was wrong with her, she didn't believe it was anything that could be fixed.
"I thought I was a freak, because I was super upset and I hated life and I just felt so alone with everything. I didn't want to tell anyone because I was embarrassed," she said, emphasizing the insecurity, self-loathing and loneliness that are common to those suffering from depression.
Other signs of depression in adolescents are fatigue, sleeping too much or too little, eating too much or not enough, engaging in riskier behavior, irritability, and a loss of pleasure in things they used to enjoy.
Separation anxiety is present in about 50 percent of the cases of adolescent depression, according to a National Institutes of Mental Health report.
Depressive symptoms also last longer than typical examples of teenage angst, according to an NIMH report about identifying and treating adolescent depression. Rather than coming and going, the negative emotions and change in behavior continue for weeks or months at a time.
Early intervention
Despite the prevalence of depression among youths, only 38.9 percent of those experiencing depression received treatment in 2007, according to the NIHCM report.
Since the symptoms of depression are so similar to normal teenage anxiety, it's important to talk to a doctor rather than self-diagnosing. The symptoms could also be a sign of a physical medical condition, such as thyroid disease, that will need to be ruled out through a physical examination and blood tests, according to the NIMH report. Once a doctor conclusively diagnoses depression, treatment can then move forward and further negative effects can be avoided.
"Early recognition can potentially prevent the onset and progression of depression into adulthood," Singh said.
Depression has a tangible effect on brain function and development, meaning that the longer the mental illness goes untreated, the greater the chance of serious, irreparable harm to the teenager's brain, according to Singh.
Teenagers are also more likely to harm themselves when depressed, according to a report from the National Institute for Health Care Management, and engage in self-destructive behaviors.
"Studies indicate that 90 percent of teens who die by suicide were suffering from an identifiable mental disorder at their time of death, typically depression," the report states.
Depression can be an indication that the teenager is struggling with other mental health concerns, according to the 1990-92 National Comorbidity Survey. The NIHCM report referenced the findings, which showed that "77 percent of 15 to 24 year olds diagnosed with major depression had at least one other psychiatric diagnosis as well."
"Among those with multiple diagnoses, 40 percent had anxiety disorders, 12 percent had addictive disorders, and 25 percent had conduct disorders."
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Change Location
ACE Fit Share
Fit Life Articles
Maintaining a healthy weight can be challenging and, for some people, even more difficult than losing weight. The good news is that achieving lasting weight maintenance is possible. Use these 13 tips to help you succeed at maintaining your weight-loss goals.
If you find yourself not making any gains or simply want a different exercise program, here are six ways using heavy weights can help you make the changes you want to see in your body.
It can feel daunting trying to squeeze in one more thing into an already overcrowded schedule, but establishing and committing to a yoga practice does not have to require a lot of time each day. Learn how you can reap the many benefits of a yoga practice, even if you only...


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We recently updated the url to our wordpress site.
When we did that, i used find and replace to update the URL in the post table of the DB. However, we have lost the URL of each podcast we had on those specific posts.
I did some looking around in the DB, but couldn't find if there was something that I needed to update to fix easily or if its just a case where we need to reset each file URL for each post which would be very tedious.


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Sulfur and Nitrogen Co-Doped, Few-Layered Graphene Oxide as a Highly Efficient Electrocatalyst for the Oxygen-Reduction Reaction
S and N co-doped, few-layered graphene oxide is synthesized by using pyrimidine and thiophene as precursors for the application of the oxygen reduction reaction (ORR). The dual-doped catalyst with pyrrolic/graphitic N-dominant structures exhibits competitive catalytic activity (10.0 mA cm−2 kinetic-limiting current density at −0.25 V) that is superior to that for mono N-doped carbon nanomaterials. This is because of a synergetic effect of N and S co-doping. Furthermore, the dual-doped catalyst also shows an efficient four-electron-dominant ORR process, which has excellent methanol tolerance and improved durability in comparison to commercial Pt/C catalysts.
If you can't find a tool you're looking for, please click the link at the top of the page to "Go to old article view". Alternatively, view our Knowledge Base articles for additional help. Your feedback is important to us, so please let us know if you have comments or ideas for improvement.


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listen to 'Co-Host & Co-Host' on Audioboo Our take on the popular game show Mr & Mrs. How well do you know your co-host? Radio Warwickshire's Creative Director invited Emma and Cherry along to play. Find out how they did. #rwmagic
John Bishop – How did all this happen?
I first heard about John Bishop when he completed his 'Week of Hell' for Sport Relief in 2012 where he simply Day 1 rode a bicycle 185 miles from Paris to the Coast Day 2 rowed with three others across the Channel (it took 13 hours after just an hour of sleep) Days 3, 4 & 5 involved running …
Radio Warwickshire Leamington Comedy festival Ticket Competition!
listen to 'Radio Warwickshire Leamington Comedy festival Ticket Competition! ' on Audioboo Have your chance to win a pair of tickets to this year's Leamington Comedy Festival. Simply send an email to firstname.lastname@example.com and tell us if you would like to see The Reduced Shakespeare Theatre Company on the 15th October or Seann Walsh on the 17th October. Competition deadline …
Interview with Mark Makin ahead of this years Leamington Comedy Festival 12th to 19th October 2013.
listen to 'Interview with Mark Makin ahead of this years Leamington Comedy Festival 12th to 19th October 2013. ' on Audioboo For the second year running Leamington will be laughing with the likes of Lee Mac, Sean Walsh, Richard Herring and Terry Alderton as the Leamington Comedy Festival kicks off on the 12th October and runs until the 19th October. …
Introducing Daniel Ruiz Tizon
listen to 'Introducing Daniel Ruiz Tizon' on Audioboo Sneak Preview The Daniel Ruiz Tizon is Available Show is coming to Radio Warwickshire starting Monday, 19 August 2013. Listen from 9PM on www.radiowarks.com Comedy with south London's latte ponce Writer and comedian Daniel Ruiz Tizon, a man on his fifth nose and former co-creator/presenter of "Please Don't Hug Me" recorded in …
Betty and Mavis interview liane dugal
Liane dugal is trapped in the corner by Betty and Mavis for a 'interview the boss' session… listen to 'Betty and Mavis interview liane dugal' on Audioboo
1. Ask Betty…..
Radio Warwickshire's resident agony aunt, Betty, helps the people of Warwickshire sort out their mess. If you've got a problem and you want Betty's no-nonsense advice, then get in touch…she'll say it how it is! listen to '1. Ask Betty…..' on Audioboo
Betty's Beef – Trick or Treaters…..
Oh dear, WOldstock's Betty has been targeted by Trick or Treaters…..and she's not happy! Catch up with Betty and the gang at www.woldstock.wordpress.com or find them on Facebook – Woldstock Woldstock listen to 'Betty's Beef – Trick or Treaters…..' on Audioboo
Mavis & Betty interview…..Andy Brining
Mavis & Betty from Woldstock fame have been asked by Liane Dugal to go out & interview interesting people in the community…..here they 'interview' local photographer and all-round nice chap, Andy Brining (www.brining-photography.co.uk). Catch up with Mavis, Betty & the rest of the Woldstock gang at www.woldstock.wordpress.com Twitter: @bettybloomingth and at Woldstock Woldstock on Facebook. listen to 'Mavis & …


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First choose a story that you would like to recreate in felt (refer to word doc). Figure out the characters, accessories, objects, animals, scenery, etc. that you'll need to make. I used the children's Bible to get good ideas. You can use the attached template to help create the characters. If you need other images, search Google Images under coloring sheets for basic outlines. (ex. "camel coloring page").
Dress and style the character by picking out clothing, accessories and hairstyle. Cut these templates out too.
Carefully (without overdoing it on the glue) glue the hair, clothes and accessories to your character.


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Metropolitan Ballet's "Giselle": Ticket
Hopkins Auditorium • Hopkins, MN
Saturday, October 26 and Sunday, October 27
What you get
- Choice of Ticket Offers
- One of the Most Beloved Ballets of All Time
- Performances By the Metropolitan's Own Sarah Zuber and Erik Sanborn
The Metropolitan Ballet is bringing one of the most sacred ballet productions of all time to the Hopkins Auditorium stage this month -- Giselle. Featuring Metropolitan Ballet's newest ballerina Sarah Zuber in the role of Giselle, this beautifully choreographed production tells the story of a young girl who dies of a broken heart after believing she was betrayed by the Prince she loves.
Take in this spellbinding story of love and loss at either 7:30 p.m. on Saturday, October 26, or at 3 p.m. on Sunday, October 27.
Choose from the following ticket offers:
• $19 ($39 value) for one standard ticket to Giselle at 7:30 p.m. on Oct. 26
• $29 ($59 value) for one premium ticket to Giselle at 7:30 pm. on Oct. 26
• $19 ($39 value) for one standard ticket to Giselle at 3 p.m. on Oct. 27
• $29 ($59 value) for one premium ticket to Giselle at 3 p.m. on Oct. 27
Fine printREFUND POLICY: This event is nonrefundable. No full or partial refunds are given to customers who miss an event. In the event of a cancellation, your voucher will be fully refunded • Limit 4 voucher per purchaser, up to 4 additional as gifts • Each voucher is good for 1 person • The deal is valid only for tickets on the date[s] of the event as listed and may not be exchanged or redeemed for any other dates • Groups wishing to sit together must purchase their vouchers together • Entire value must be used in a single visit
Other conditions apply
Except where noted in the fine print:
• Cannot be combined with any other offer or promotion
• Tax and gratuity are not included
• Merchant is responsible for the quality of the products or services provided to you at redemption
• LivingSocial Terms and Conditions - https://m.livingsocial.com/terms
Metropolitan Ballet's "Giselle": Ticket
times for
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Never A Spectator: The Political Life of Elsie Hillman
November 5, 2012
At a time when the electorate is clearly divided, even angry, WQED's Michael Bartley brings you the story of a Pittsburgh political giant who spent 40 years working both sides of the political aisle. Michael brings viewers a candid interview with Elsie Hillman, and takes viewers to an exclusive University of Pittsburgh gala, where political leaders and celebrities lauded her voice of reason, compromise, and friendship.
Coming Up Next on Experience
Monday, August 1, 2016
Leo Beachy: A Legacy Nearly Lost


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, Volume 75, Issue 5, pp 546-556
First online:
Laccase and tyrosinase activities in lichens
- A. G. ZavarzinaAffiliated withDepartment of Soil Chemistry, Faculty of Soil Science, Moscow State University Email author
- , A. A. ZavarzinAffiliated withBiological Research Institute, St. Petersburg State University
Rent the article at a discountRent now
* Final gross prices may vary according to local VAT.Get Access
Phenoloxidase activity was found in lichenized ascomycetes belonging to different taxonomic groups. Most of the epigeic and epilithic lichens of the order Peltigerales were found to possess both laccase and tyrosinase activities; the lichens of the order Lecanorales possessed only laccase activity, which was an order of magnitude lower than that of Peltigerales. Water-soluble phenoloxidases were present only in peltigerous lichens: activity that could be washed out from intact thalli comprised 10% of that released from disrupted thalli. The activity of the peltigerous lichens and the release of soluble phenoloxidases into the medium increased when the thalli were rehydrated quickly. In some of the lichens tested, the phenoloxidase activity was stimulated by desiccation-rehydration cycles. The oxidases discovered may play an important role in the phenolic metabolism of lichens and be involved in the biochemical reaction of humus synthesis during primary soil formation, which may be a previously unknown geochemical function of these symbiotic microorganisms.
Key wordslichens oxidase laccase tyrosinase humification
Reference tools
- Title
- Laccase and tyrosinase activities in lichens
- Journal
Volume 75, Issue 5 , pp 546-556
- Cover Date
- 2006-10
- Print ISSN
- 0026-2617
- Online ISSN
- 1608-3237
- Publisher
- Nauka/Interperiodica
- Additional Links
- Topics
- Keywords
- lichens
- oxidase
- laccase
- tyrosinase
- humification
- Industry Sectors
- Authors
- A. G. Zavarzina (1)
- A. A. Zavarzin (2)
- Author Affiliations
- 1. Department of Soil Chemistry, Faculty of Soil Science, Moscow State University, Moscow, 119992, Russia
- 2. Biological Research Institute, St. Petersburg State University, St. Petersburg, 199034, Russia


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Do you have a question or comment about 5K training? If you are looking for a training program, please provide a little background information.
ACTIVE is the leader in online event registrations from 5k running races and marathons to softball leagues and local events. ACTIVE also makes it easy to learn and prepare for all the things you love to do with expert resources, training plans and fitness calculators.