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TOP also comes in White | JEANS | M.GEMI HEELS c/o | VEST * SMILAR | SUNNIES | WATCH | BAG * also love this one and this one
Even though the temperatures here in Arizona are completely saying summer, early fall shopping has already begun. With pre-fall shopping I like to look for items that are versatile and can be worn now and later. A few items that are great for now and later are: a utility vest , distressed black denim, a great pair of polished yet comfortable closed toe heels and statement color bag.
Another thing I love doing is mixing feminine and edgier pieces together. Which is something you will be seeing more of when fall strolls around. ( I can't wait )
Lets talk about these heels for a second because when they arrived it was like love at first site. The slingback sandal have become a pretty popular trend with it's cool sophistication air. And they also come in 2 other colors.
I hope you all a had a great weekend. Thanks for stopping by


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L.L.Bean Primaloft Wool Base Layer Underwear, Pants
Retailers' Descriptions
Here's what other sites are saying:
Lightweight performance layer for mountain or Main Street. Machine wash and dry. Made exclusively for L.L.Bean. Warm natural wool combined with durable, quick-drying PrimaLoft. Ideal for aerobic activity and outdoor adventure. PrimaLoft yarns dry up to 50% faster than all-wool garments and offer advanced comfort. Cut to stay close to the body without being tight. Softer than all-wool garments and itch free against your skin. Wool fibers provide natural odor control. Imported.
- L.L.Bean refers to the men's version
L.L.Bean Primaloft Wool Base Layer Underwear, Pants
previously retailed for:
$22.99 - $49.99
$22.99 - $49.99
The L.L.Bean Primaloft Wool Base Layer Underwear, Pants is not available from the stores we monitor. It was last seen July 15, 2016 at L.L.Bean.
If you're looking for a new base layer bottom, check out the best reviewed current models.

subset: commoncrawl


text:
Results 11 — 20
TUC MAGAZINE UNPAID Journalist Internship
Tuc Magazine LLC — Atlanta, GA
July 22 2016
We are an Urban Culture Magazine that highlights and exposes urban culture for all of the beauty and grit it offers to society as well as giving talented individuals an arena to shine and display thei…
Application Deadline: Available Year-round
Event/Wedding coordinator- Internship
Life's Dreams Wedding & Event Planning — Atlanta, GA
July 22 2016
If you ever had a passion or desire to have a career within the event planning industry, an opportunity is available at our company. Life Dreams Wedding & Event Planning is the premier source of profe…
Application Deadline: Available Year-round
Internships Assistant
Tito's Handmade Design Store — Atlanta, GA
July 21 2016
Seeking an experienced Administrative Assistant. Looking for somebody willing to grow within our organization. The applicant must possess exceptional interpersonal skills and must be extremely motivat…
Application Deadline: Available Year-round
Field Volunteer Intern
Autism Speaks — Atlanta, GA
July 21 2016
Autism Speaks is seeking an organized, resourceful and detail oriented Field Volunteer Intern in our Atlanta, GA office who will learn how to manage and maintain existing media relationships while als…
Application Deadline: 10/18/2016
Sales & Marketing Intern
Printed Revolution — Atlanta, GA
July 20 2016
Were seeking a disciplined, passionate with a can-do attitude intern. Are you interested in the fascinating world of sales and marketing? Printed Revolution is accepting resumes for Sales and Marketin…
Application Deadline: Available Year-round
Graphic Design Intern
Graphics In Atlanta — Atlanta, GA
July 19 2016
Founded in 2001, Graphics in Atlanta is a locally and nationally renown graphics & web design, printing, and soft branding/marketing firm located in the industrial district of Atlanta, GA. Job Descrip…
Application Deadline: Available Year-round
Musical Theater Interns ATLANTA
Artportunity Knocks — Atlanta, GA
July 19 2016
*This position is an unpaid internship, however you must be receiving college credit for this internship in order to apply. This internship is only for college students. The sole intention for this in…
Application Deadline: 8/1/2016
Operation HOPE Youth Empowerment Group Fellow - Atlanta
Operation HOPE, Inc. — Atlanta, GA
July 18 2016
Summary Operation HOPEs Fellowship Program has had over 200+ participants to date. The Operation HOPE, Inc. (HOPE) Fellows, Interns and Loaned Executive (FILE) Program offers exceptional young men and…
Application Deadline: 8/14/2016
Operation HOPE Casey Family Programs/Youth Empowerment Group Fellow - Atlanta
Operation HOPE, Inc. — Atlanta, GA
July 18 2016
Summary Operation HOPE's Fellowship Program has had over 200+ participants to date. The Operation HOPE, Inc. (HOPE) Fellows, Interns and Loaned Executive (FILE) Program offers exceptional young men an…
Application Deadline: 8/14/2016
Community and Economic Development Internship
South Fulton Business Coalition — Atlanta, GA
July 17 2016
The South Fulton Business Coalition's Business Retention and Expansion Committee focuses on many aspects of development. The committee organizes monthly networking events for businesses to start doing…
Application Deadline: 8/11/2016


text:
Fran Mota is a PhD student at Cornell University. He studies programming languages, type theory, topology, and data analysis. Contact at fmota AT cs.cornell.edu. Recent posts:
- 2014-07-15: Logarithmic Search
- 2013-02-06: The Base64 Encoder Has A Fixed Point
- 2012-02-03: Computable Ultrafilters for Regular Languages
- 2011-10-09: Monoids in Python


text:
Created By DevTech Research Group
Over the last three years, we evaluated the KIWI prototype with approximately 50 teachers and 100 students in grades PreK to 2nd. We learned that children as young as 4 can learn to program a simple robot. We also learned that, through the use of KIWI, young children can master foundational engineering and programming concepts such as: the engineering design process, sequencing, repeat loops, conditional commands. Finally, we also saw that young children were capable of, and interested in, doing more artistic design and building with their robots.This led to the development of KIBO which features additional parts including art platforms.
We are continuing our classroom based research on young children and robotics. Stay tuned for new information in the coming months on this page as well as on our publications page.
Please join the Early Childhood Robotics Network to see videos, learn about our curriculum, and more.
KinderLab Robotics Inc., a startup that is working on making the needed changes so KIWI can be manufactured and commercialized. We are very happy about this development and to be able to say that, in 2014, everyone that wants a KIBO, can have one.


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RockeTHON: UT's Dance Marathon!
Savage Arena, Toledo, OH
April 16, 2016 from 10:00 A.M. to 11:00 P.M.
To celebrate the year long effort to raise money and support for the children and families of Mercy Children's Hospital.
RockeTHON is a 13 hour long event where over 1,000 students dance all day long to help raise funds for Mercy Children's Hospital, which is in downtown Toledo and is in association with the Children's Miracle Network.
Since 2001, students, faculty, family, and friends have come together to raise over
half of a million dollars for Mercy Children's Hospital. RockeTHON has raised over
$100,000 consecutively in 2014 and 2015! This money has all gone directly to Mercy
Children's Hospital for new research and technology needed to uphold the standard
of care for the kids.
During the course of the event we have a wide variety of activities. The participants participate in such events that range from bands and entertainment to competitions and building family relations. Every year we have about 15 or more miracle families from the hospital that are present through the entire event. Thanks for your support! FOR THE KIDS (FTK)!


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I absolutely love the starters! The water type may be similar to the tympole line, but that doesn't really bother me. It still looks amazing!
NONE, Dunsparce looks better
I absolutely love the starters! The water type may be similar to the tympole line, but that doesn't really bother me. It still looks amazing!
I feel like I'm the only one who's picking rowlet because of it's typing, NOT because it's cute. Please tell me I'm not alone.
Also, I'm calling it now. The "secret" corocoro hinted with the new starters is going to be synchro evolution.
After years, I've finally claimed deoxys! Watch your back! hehe...
...Am I the only one who WOULDN'T mind if Fennekin turns out to be Fire/Fighting? Honestly, typing means nothing to me regarding starters. All of you are kinda overreacting, truthfully. -_-
I will have to agree with anyone saying the Fire/Fighting combination needs to stop. Its been done to death. So far out of these 3 designs I'm not really digging Chespin all that much but Froakie and Fenneken both look adorable! I think my favorite has to be Froakie out of the 3.
I could totally see Froakie getting some type of Prince looking evolution line.
I keep thinking that Chespin is going to be Grass/Fighting he looks like he could throw a punch or two.
Gotta say all three starters look interesting, but gonna wait til we get an idea of their evolutions before deciding which one I prefer.
A soul that cannot be saved drifts and disappears,
In the instant it vanishes, it shines faintly,
Now, it creates a night with a full moon.
Fofo's Evolution has to be Fire/Psychic.
I still love you, I will till I die
And love is much stronger then anger or pride
Please baby, let's unburn all our bridges
Personally i love all three but the fire one is the best
Yes that is a Female Dino Charge Red. It's a FanFic thing
Check out my Power Ranger FanFics:https://www.fanfiction.net/u/1802430/
I see Froakie being overall different from Tympole's and Tadpole's lines, aside from having Water type in common(Maybe a secondary type too depending on if it gets one or not and what it is).
I wouldn't have any real issue with it being Fire/Fighting, but I can't say I wouldn't be disappointed. I would rather have something different for once.
3DS Friend Code: 3153-4608-8374
Friend Safari: Steel(Ferroseed, Forretress, and Bronzong)
I like them all but will probably choose Froakie or Chespin, altough I do quite like Fennekin. Wonder what the names are derived from that would give a vague idea on typing...
The Great Pokemon Replay 2016 (All aboard the Sun and Moon Hype Train):
Blue (VC): (COMPLETED)
HG (Mono-Type: Water; Gym Leader Matching): (16 Badges)
OR: [on hold]
Plat: [on hold]
Black (Pokemon I've never used):
I've posted these on another forum, but I might as well throw these up here because...well, it's the Pokemon forum.
Chespin - Chestnut and Pin
Fennekin - Fennec and Kindle
Froakie - One part is Frog, other part is either Croak or Cloak.
Breeder of many Treeckos, master of none.
I like fennekin the most but froakie isn't bad either. The grass one is um... interesting o.O
Pokemon fan girl since 1999 =D
Raichu is #1 Forever!!!
~ Makoto: Can you hack us more into the opening? ~
~ Futaba: Have you ever tried getting past Avast before? ~
~ Haru: You have been gracefully burned. ~
Wii U: AuraGuyChris
Youtube Channel - Star Fox Zero
Fennekin is adorable and I've already chosen it. Unless I really hate its final form. I will be happy with anything that's not Fire/Fighting. (This is a rut that GameFreak need to get out of.)
Froakie is pretty cute and I'd be happy to use him. I'm pretty meh about Chespin, but it's always possible he could evolve into something great.
This was just what I was thinking though I think a dog would be more likely than a tiger. Unless they have decided to move away from this theme of course.
Also while I will miss the old design having a portable version of a Colosseum equivalent will make for some interesting map puzzles and general Pokemon hunting I think based on the trailer.


text:
Tom Igoe, speaking at #ixd …… Arduino is one of (if not the) most successful completely open source hardware projects…
Check out all the Circuit Playground Episodes! Our new kid's show and subscribe!
Have an amazing project to share? Join the SHOW-AND-TELL every Wednesday night at 7:30pm ET on Google+ Hangouts.
Join us every Wednesday night at 8pm ET for Ask an Engineer!
Learn resistor values with Mho's Resistance or get the best electronics calculator for engineers "Circuit Playground" – Adafruit's Apps!
Maker Business — "Analog Devices to Buy Linear Technology for $14.8 Billion"
Wearables — Practice patience
Electronics — Look to ferrites (no, not ferrets, the European polecat) when faced with high frequency
Biohacking — TCAPS and Mary Roach on The 99% Invisible Podcast
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text:
Country Inns By Carlson Foster Village hotels are listed below. Search for cheap and discount Country Inns By Carlson hotel rooms in Foster Village, HI for your business gathering or personal travels. We list the best Country Inns By Carlson Foster Village hotels + motels so you can review the Foster Village Country Inns By Carlson hotel list below to find the perfect place.
This website will also list discounted Foster Village, HI properties that have similar star quality of Country Inns By Carlson.
Enter your stay dates and any discounts you qualify for to see Foster Village, HI rates found only on HotelPlanner!


text:
|Publication number
|Publication type
|Publication date
|Dec 17, 1968
|Filing date
|Mar 27, 1967
|Priority date
|Mar 27, 1967
|Publication number
|Jr Cloyd J Sorensen, Robert E Porter
|Original Assignee
|Trimar Co
|Export Citation
|BiBTeX, EndNote, RefMan
|Patent Citations (2), Referenced by (16), Classifications (16)
|External Links: USPTO, USPTO Assignment, Espacenet
United States Patent Oil 3,415,657 Patented Dec. 17, 1968 ice ABSTRACT OF THE DISCLOSURE A composite packaged unit containing a syringe and two substances that are isolated from each other until the time of use comprises a tubular vial in the mouth of which the syringe is mounted with the open end of its hypodermic needle imbedded in a fixed plug that also defines an isolated mixing chamber at the bottom of the vial. The syringe is loaded with one substance, and the other substance is disposed in the mixing chamber. A special removable holding collar arrangement maintains the syringe and vial in the foregoing relation in the package. After removal of the holding collar, the syringe can be advanced further into the vial to project the needle tip through the plug and enable discharge of the entire syringe contents into the mixing chamber and, after mixing, withdrawal of all of the mixture into the syringe. Now the syringe is pulled out of the remainder of the package and is ready for use.
BACKGROUND INVENTION (a) Field of inventin.-ln recent years there has been an increasing number of drugs, especially the antibiotics, developed that in solution form for injection are highly unstable. The use of freeze drying or lyophilization process allows them to be stored in this dry form for a much longer period of time. These dry medications are then mixed with the proper diluent just prior to injection.
The advantages of storing many medications in the dry or lyophilized form are numerous, and the number of medications prepared and stored in this manner are increasing. While many liquid injectable medications will maintain their specified potency even under refrigeration for only a few hours, the same drugs in dry form have a shelf-life of several years.
The invention relates to the composite packaging of a loaded syringe containing one substance with another substance maintained in isolation until it is desired to use the hypodermic.
A few examples of drugs presently marketed in the dry form that would lend themselves to the invention include rattlesnake antivenom, intravenous estrogens (used in hemorrhage), various cortisone-like drugs used in acute shock, injectable stimulants used in various emergencies including cardiac arrest and overdoses of depressive drugs such as sleeping pills, a great number of injectable antibiotics, an antiepileptic injectable drug, several injectable narcotics, a number of injectable vitamin products, and several diuretic injectable products.
(b) Prior art-Many methods have been proposed and developed for packaging and storage of these drugs and procedures for their mixing and injection. While most of these methods do finally meet the needs, each has considerable complications in structure or in procedures, or both, which are costly in production and packaging, and some are diflicult to use.
Examples of such are disclosed in the US. Letters Patents to Lockhart No. 2,724,383; Ulert No. 2,772,677 and Neilsen No. 3,098,483.
SUMMARY OF INVENTION The invention contemplates an entirely novel packaging system wherein a syringe assembly unit loaded with one substance is safely packed with a mixing vial containing another substance in isolation, and wherein the unit components may be speedily rearranged in position for mixing the substances and loading the mixture into the syringe and then extracting the charged ready for use syringe by discarding the remainder of the package, in a manner much more efficient and involving less skill on the part of the operator than in hitherto known devices.
It is a major object of the invention to provide a novel packaged syringe assembly unit wherein a syringe preloaded with one substance is mounted in a mixing vial with its needle tip imbedded in a fixed plug that also provides an isolation chamber in the bottom of the vial containing another substance, and wherein removal of a special holding device enables the syringe to be moved to dispose the needle tip within the mixing chamber so that the substance in the syringe may be discharged into the mixing chamber, mixed with the other substance and drawn back into the syringe in a simple contaminationfree operation.
A further object of the invention is to provide a novel positioning collar arrangement in the foregoing for predetermining the operative positions of the syringe in the vial.
Another object of the invention is to provide in the foregoing a novel recessed plug structure whereby Withdrawal of all of the mixture into the syringe is assured.
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS FIGURE 1 is a side elevation mainly in section showing the syringe assembly unit according to a preferred embodiment of the invention;
FIGURE 2 is a fragmentary view of the upper part of the unit showing the holding collar in section;
FIGURE 3 is another fragmentary view of the upper part of the unit as it appears after the holding collar has been removed, and showing in dotted lines the downwardly displaced position of the syringe;
FIGURE 4 is another fragmentary view in section showing internal structure and the disposition of the open tip of the syringe needle after the syringe has been downwardly displaced to the dotted line position indicated in FIGURE 3; and
FIGURE 5 is a generally perspective View showing the holding collar apart from the unit.
PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS In its preferred embodiment the unit will be described as a package wherein the syring is preloaded with a diluent liquid for a dry powder that is contained isolated therefrom.
This wet-dry tube syringe package is mainly intended for the storage, mixing, and injection of dry or lyophilized medications. It eliminates most of the numerous conventional steps used in storing, preparing, and administering a hypodermic injection, thus not only saving time, but reducing the chances of contamination. Once used, it is a disposable unit.
The packaged and prepared syringe assembly unit 11 is shown in FIGURE 1 as comprising a syringe 12 thrust into the open end of a vial 13, a syringe positioning and holding collar arrangement indicated at 14, and a stationary plug 15 anchored within the vial.
Syringe 12 is a conventional type having a cylindrical barrel 16 containing a slidable plunger 17 operated by stem 18, a chamber 19 that in the preferred embodiment is filled with a liquid and the usual hypodermic needle 20 that has its tip 21 cut on an angle to provide a bias cut opening at 22 and to have a very sharp terminal edge 23.
Vial 13 is a cylindrical plastic, glass or like tube 24 that is pinched intermediate its ends to provide an internal annular rib 25 extending into a peripheral groove 26 in plug which is an integral body of rubber or like resilient sterile material, whereby plug 15 is anchored within the vial to separate the interior of the vial into a lower mixing chamber 27 adapted in the syringe unit assembly to contain a powder or other material to be mixed with the liquid in syringe barrel 19 and an upper chamber 28 adapated to contain the syringe 12 in the assembly unit. Plug 15 is peripherally sealed with the inner surface of vial 13.
Vial 13 has a top radially projecting flange 31, and syringe 12 has a similar radially projecting top flange 32 on the barrel. The collar assembly 14 is provided axially between flanges 31. and 32 for accurately positioning the syringe 12 in the unit assembly, and it may comprise a relatively fixed collar element 33 and a removable holding collar element 34.
Fixed collar element 33 is an axially stiff cardboard, plastic or like cylinder that surrounds the syringe barrel with a free sliding fit and it preferably is sealingly attached, as by an adhesive layer at 39, to the vial flange 31 so as to effectively constitute a rigid extension of the vial. In some embodiments in fact element 33 may be an integral tubular extension of vial 13.
Removable collar element 34 comprises an axial stiff, axially split cylinder 35 that is interposed between fixed collar 33 and the syringe flange, and an outer lamination 36 of cellulose tape or the like that (FIGURES 1 and 5) is wide enough to surround both collars 33 and 34. The upper part of tape 36 is permanently bonded to the split upper collar section 34 as at the interface 37, and it has a pressure sensitive adhesive area 38 (FIGURE 5) where it extends around the fixed collar 33. At one end (FIG- URE 5) tape 36 ends flush with one edge 40 of the collar split, and at its other end tape 36 extends full width as a pull tab 41 that bridges the collar split and has pressure sensitive adhesive on its inner surface to form a tight band in the assembly unit.
Preferably the terminal 42 of tab 41 has no adhesive so as to be available for a finger grip, and usually the top and bottom edges of tape 36 are such as to provide annular air tight seals with the syringe and vial flanges so that no impurities may pass into the vial through the collar arrangement.
In the package syringe assembly unit, the barrel of syringe 12 has a smooth snug sliding fit within vial chamber 28, and the axial length d of the collar arrangement is such as to limit displacement of the syringe 12 into the vial to the condition shown in FIGURE 1 wherein the tip 21 of the needle is entirely imbedded in plug 15 and closed thereby. With the holding collar in place as in FIGURE 1, this position of the syringe cannot be changed, and syringe 12 cannot he accidentally displaced further into the vial. Even an accidental slight push on plunger stem 18 will not result in any of the liquid in syringe chamber 19 entering the mixing chamber 27.
At this time the syringe is fully loaded with the liquid to be mixed, plunger 17 being in its uppermost position. The powder, liquid or other material to be mixed with the contents of the syringe is disposed in the bottom of mixing chamber 27 and indicated at 45.
The foregoing unit may be packed for shipment and/ or stored for a considerable period, with the ingredients of the syringe and mixing chambers held apart in sealed isolation.
When it is desired to use the syringe assembly unit, the nurse, doctor or other operator merely pulls outwardly on tab 41 to split holding collar 34 and remove it from around the syringe barrel. The removed holding collar element is shown in FIGURE 5, and the relationship of parts after removal of collar 34 is shown in FIGURE 3. Now syringe flange 32 is spaced accurately a distance d from the upper edge of fixed collar 33.
The operator now pushes the entire syringe bodily, without pushing in stem 18, further into the vial until syringe flange 32 abuts the upper edge of fixed collar 33.
4 The distance d is such that needle tip 21 will be thrust through plug 15 to dispose its bias cut opening 22 entirely out of the plug.
As shown in FIGURE 4 the lower end of plug 15 is preferably a rounded concave downwardly open well 46 and in its lowermost position the uppermost edge 47 of needle opening 22 is disposed substantially flush with the deepest central bottom of well 46, for an important purpose to appear.
Now plunger 17 is depressed to discharge the entire contents of the syringe into chamber 27, and the unit may be shaken to insure proper mixing.
After the mixture in chamber 27 is complete, the entire unit is inverted so that the vial is uppermost, and the plunger 17 is slowly pulled back toward its FIGURE 1 position thereby drawing the mixture into the syringe barrel.
Now the syringe is fully charged with the desired mixture. By locating the syringe opening 47 at the bottom of well 46 the invention insures that all of the mixture is drawn out of chamber 27. This is important where dosage amounts are critical.
To use the loaded syringe, the operator now merely pulls it out of the vial, and discards the vial. The needle offers no resistance to this withdrawal, and a finger grip is alforded at flange 32.
The foregoing wet-dry tube packed syringe unit is not limited to use with a dry powder and its proper diluent, but works equally well for example with two liquids that are slowly incompatible over long periods of storage. One example here is a multiple vitamin solution containing vitamin B-l2. The storage life of such a product is greatly increased if the vitamin Bl2 is eliminated or added at the time of injection. A comparatively new example of potential use of the wet-dry tube pack is with two liquids such as a vaccine for diphtheria, tetanus, and pertussis with polio combined. Storage with the polio vaccine added presents a problem, but if the polio vaccine is separated from the D.P.T. and is added just prior to injection, there is no problem.
The wet-dry tube packed syringe is intended to be a disposable unit in either glass or plastic of conventional throw-away syringe design. It can be used for direct injection into the patient, for injection of additional drugs into an. IV bottle or IV tubing, or in almost any manner that a conventional syringe is used. While hospitals would be the greatest potential market, it would serve well in a doctors bag, especially with drugs that in the liquid form would require refrigeration. Further economy can be accomplished with the unit in that the outside storage tube could be used in the initial lyophilization process of the drug and the syringe unit inserted at the time of assembly in the factory.
The time saved in mixing and administration of the drug using the wet-dry tube packed unit is also an added advantage in acute medical emergencies. After pulling the pull tab and thus removing the holding collar, a single forward movement, that is pushing the syringe down onto the outside tube, pierces the stationary plug. Then by pushing on the plunger of the conventional type syringe contained, the diluent is forced into the medication chamher, the mixing is accomplished by gentle shaking or rotation of the unit, the pack is then inverted with the medication chamber up, and the mixed solution is drawn back into the syringe with the plunger. The syringe is then withdrawn from the glass vial or tube and is ready for hypodermic injection.
The wet-dry tube packed syringe unit of the invention has the following advantages.
(1) A single syringe-storage unit is provided that eliminates several steps in the usual storage, mixing, and hypodermic injection in a number of commonly used medications.
(2) Faster mixing of diluent and powdered medication in that the only steps required for mixing are the removal of the holding collar, pressing down of the syringe to pierce the stationary plug, and pushing in the syringe plunger, allowing the diluent to enter the medication chamber of the vial.
(3) The unit contains only three parts in addition to the conventional disposable hypodermic syringe, so that the package lends itself to very economical manufacture and use as a completely disposable unit.
(4) There is no waste of mixed medications because the well of the stationary plug is designed to allow removal of all the mixture, and the hypodermic needle position in the well is predetermined to exact specifications by the distance it travels when puncturing the stationary plug.
(5) The simplicity of the design and function of the wet-dry tube packed syringe unit allows for use with standard and accepted hypodermic injection procedures.
(6) The construction and function of this wet-dry tube packed syringe unit allows for rapid mixing and use of many types of injectable medications used in acute medical emergencies as well as eliminating the possible contamination through several steps in conventional mixmg.
(7) The stationary plug, made of accepted conventional material, and inserted in the vial at the time of assembly, tightly seals the medicine chamber. The designed thickness of the stationary plug allows the hypodermic needle tip to be sufficiently imbedded to prevent leakage of the contained diluent and insuring the complete separation of the dry medicine and diluent in storage and shipment. Only at the time of mixing and only after the removal of the holding collar is it possible to force the hypodermic needle tip through the stationary plug, into the medicine chamber.
(8) The holding collar, made of accepted conventional material, has three main functions, (1) it prevents the premature forward movement of the syringe and needle; (2) it establishes the exact distance of the forward movement of the syringe and needle, and the final position of the needle tip in the stationary plug well; and (3) it completely seals the upper part of the glass vial, thus insuring sterility, and at the same time preventing undesired movement of syringe.
What is claimed and desired to be secured by Letters Patent is:
1. A syringe assembly unit package comprising a vial having an open mouth, a stationary plug in said vial defining an isolated mixing chamber in the lower end of said vial, a hypodermic syringe having its barrel slidably mounted within the vial and extending through the vial mouth and a discharge needle projecting into the vial, and spacer means interposed between said vial and syringe and comprising detachable means for so limiting initial introduction of said syringe into said vial that the open end tip of said needle is imbedded within said plug, said detachable means when removed being separated from said unit and permitting said syringe to be further advanced into said vial sufiiciently to extend the open end of said needle through said plug into said chamber.
2. In the unit package defined in claim 1, said syringe being preloaded with one substance and said chamber containing another substance, said substances being isolated while said syringe is held initially by said last named means, and said spacer means providing a seal against entry of foreign matter into said vial.
3. In the unit package defined in claim 1, said spacer means comprising means to limit said further advance to a predetermined amount whereby the open end of the needle is in predetermined communication with said chamber.
4. In the unit package defined in claim 3, said plug having a well facing said chamber and said last means being adapted to limit further advance of said syringe to dispose an edge of said needle opening substantiall flush with the bottom of said well.
5 In the unit defined in claim 4, said needle having a bias cut opening at said tip, and said well being a downwardly concave recess in the plug having a bottom surface substantially intersecting the upper edge of said needle opening in the advanced position of said syringe.
6. In the unit defined in claim 1, said detachable means comprising an axially rigid removable holding member surrounding the projecting part of said syringe.
7. In the unit defined in claim 6, said holding member being a longitudinally split collar.
8. In the package unit defined in claim 1, said spacer means comprising axially rigid means consisting of a fixed collar surrounding the vial and a removable split collar interposed between the fixed collar and the syringe, the relative axial lengths of said collars defining the initial position of said syringe open end within the plug and the advanced position of said syringe open end within said chamber.
9. In the package unit defined in claim 8, said plug having a downwardly open central well and said syringe having a bias cut open end on its needle, and said fixed collar, following removal of the removable collar, limiting advance of the syringe and projection of the needle through said plug to dispose the upper edge of said needle open end substantially flush with the bottom of said well.
10. In the package unit defined in claim 8, said removable collar comprising an external tape adapted to bridge both collars in the assembly and seal against the entry of foreign matter into said vial.
11. A syringe assembly unit package comprising a vial having an open mouth, a stationary plug in said vial defining an isolated mixing chamber in the lower end of said vial, a hypodermic syringe having its barrel slidably extending through the vial mouth and a needle having its open ended tip imbedded in said plug, and combined spacer and seal means interposed between said vial and syringe for limiting introduction of said syringe into said vial and sealing the upper end of said vial, said means comprising means removable to permit said syringe to be advanced into said vial sufficiently to extend the open end of said needle through said plug into said chamber.
References Cited UNITED STATES PATENTS MARTHA L. RICE, Primary Examiner.
US. Cl. X.R' 128--218, 272
|Cited Patent
|Filing date
|Publication date
|Nov 17, 1950
|Jan 19, 1954
|Ogle Robert W
|Disposable syringe
|Feb 20, 1964
|Aug 22, 1967
|Two compartment syringe package
|Citing Patent
|Filing date
|Publication date
|Nov 17, 1969
|Apr 11, 1972
|Parke Davis & Co
|Mixing vial
|May 13, 1971
|May 29, 1973
|Prod Res & Chem Corp
|Dual ingredient storage, intermixing and dispensing storage
|Feb 13, 1976
|Jun 28, 1977
|Ampoules Corporation
|Two-chamber mixing syringe
|Sep 21, 1976
|Apr 7, 1981
|Ims Limited
|May 14, 1980
|May 11, 1982
|Survival Technology, Inc.
|Wet dry syringe package
|Apr 6, 1982
|Aug 28, 1984
|Baxter Travenol Laboratories, Inc.
|Separated packaging and sterile processing for liquid-powder mixing
|Jul 27, 1983
|May 14, 1985
|Kopfer Rudolph J
|Wet-dry compartmental syringe
|Aug 27, 1984
|Oct 28, 1986
|Kopfer Rudolph J
|Anti-aerosoling drug reconstitution device
|Aug 3, 1990
|Jan 7, 1992
|Llw Enterprises, Inc.
|Portable case for carrying a syringe with varying plunger positions
|May 18, 1987
|Feb 18, 1992
|Kopfer Rudolph J
|Anti-aerosoling drug reconstitution device
|May 3, 1991
|Nov 10, 1992
|Kemp David R
|Safety container for hypodermic syringes
|Sep 26, 1991
|Jul 27, 1993
|Mcshane Jerry M
|Apparatus for the disposal of contaminated needles
|Jan 31, 1992
|Mar 7, 1995
|Sherwood Medical Company
|Medical device with sterile fluid pathway
|Mar 28, 1994
|Oct 3, 1995
|Eli Lilly And Company
|Cartridge assembly for a lyophilized compound forming a disposable portion of an injector pen and method for same
|Mar 17, 2000
|Jun 4, 2002
|Pierre Frezza
|Vial for packaging a liquid for medical use
|Feb 25, 1978
|Aug 30, 1979
|Korte Jungermann Ges Fuer Fass
|Spray gun with chambers for two separate components - has components held in chambers divided by removable separating devices and capable of being mixed before spraying
|U.S. Classification
|206/229, 206/365, 604/905, 604/201, 604/92, 206/364
|International Classification
|Cooperative Classification
|European Classification


text:
Yesterday at a press conference attended by thousands, I announced a first rate inquiry into the doings of ACPW. This inquiry, unlike the trivial ones recently instigated by trivial people, will reach back to 1000 B.C. to determine if the company has been fleecing the global population for thousands of years. I seek no contributions for this effort and assure all concerned that only my love for this country and this planet pushes me forward. Peace, love, and justice to all (except to the #$%$).
By my calculations, this post was made about 9PM last night. Was this after your second or third martini?
Don't blame me. If it weren't for your recipe I'd be drinking tea.


text:
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Sports Top stories
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Neosho 9U Traveling Team concludes a season to remember, 32-0
10:52 am
To say the The Neosho 9U traveling baseball team jelled during the recently ended season is an understate. The team finished the season undefeated with a remarkable 32-0 record, according to Mike Spiva, one of several coaches working with the team.
Former Seneca softball standout Amanda Kelly-Jamros to be inducted in university's Hall of Fame
Jul. 26, 2016
KEARNEY, Neb. — Five former student-athletes - including a Seneca High School graduate — will be inducted into the University of Nebraska Kearney Athletic Hall of Fame during ceremonies on Homecoming Weekend this Sept. 23-24.Seneca softball standout Amanda Kelly-Jamros who graduated from the University of Nebraska Kearney with the Class of 2000 is among the honorees.
South Texas Sliders advance to semifinals
Jul. 24, 2016
JOPLIN — The South Texas Sliders Mayer seem primed to win their third straight Premier Junior Championship title, punching their Sunday semifinals ticket with a commanding 11-3 win Saturday night over the Beaumont Gladiators at historic Joe Becker Stadium.
Premier Baseball Scoreboard
Jul. 24, 2016
SATURDAYBayside Yankees 2, The Bullpen 0Beaumont Gladiators 12, Building Champions Pena 4Rawlings Hitters Navy 7, Waco Storm 2Rawlings Hitters White 2, Albuquerque Baseball Academy 0South Texas Sliders Orange 6, Texas Stix White 1St. Louis Prospects Black 8, Building Champions Brown 0South Texas Sliders Mayer 6, Cincy Flames 3Premier Titans LBA Cook 9, Texas Lions 2Premier Titans LBA Hays 3, Austin Wings Black 2San Antonio Angels 8,...
Unique local camp blends faith and fellowship with running
Jul. 23, 2016
The Southwest Missouri Running Camp may be one of Newton County's best kept secrets — at least to local residents unaware of the impact it has had and continues to have on the lives of young athletes near and far.
Building Champions Jones sweep pair on Thursday
Jul. 21, 2016
JOPLIN — Building Champions Jones came back from its opening night loss to the two-time defending champion South Texas Sliders Mayer with a pair of wins Thursday at Warren Turner Field on the campus of Missouri Southern, beating the Oklahoma Naturals 8-2 in the nightcap and the C3 Futures 5-2 in the morning.
Clark, Eller continue solid play in Appalachian League
Jul. 21, 2016
PRINCETON — Former Crowder and current Rookie Princeton Rays (Tampa Bay) pitcher Ethan Clark continues to find his second season much more fulfilling and successful than his first.
South Texas Sliders open tourney in style
Jul. 21, 2016
JOPLIN — The South Texas Sliders Mayer opened up their shot at a third consecutive Premier Junior Championship title with a commanding 10-2 run-rule win Wednesday night over Building Champions Jones at Warren Turner Field on the campus of Missouri Southern.
Premier Junior Championship
Jul. 21, 2016
WEDNESDAY'S SCORESMidwest Nationals Blue 3, Texas Twelve 2St. Louis Prospects Black 8, Arlington A's McClendon 0Austin Slam 7, Fort Worth Cats White 6Beaumont Gladiators 6, Arkansas Prospects Menard 3Rawlings Hitters White 13, Fort Worth Cats Black 6Cincy Flames 3, Texas Lions 1Houston Heat Black 3, Texas Stix Red 3Allen Baseball 5, Dallas Mustangs Davis 4Building Champions Brown 8, Austin Wings Black 5Rawlings Hitters Navy 12,...
Neosho 10U softball takes second at districts
Jul. 19, 2016
The Neosho 10U softball team finished second at the recent district tournament held at Webb City's King Jack Park, losing 12-11 to Joplin in the district championship game.
Former Crowder players: Schwaab makes Tampa Yankees debut
Jul. 19, 2016
ST. LUCIE, Fla. — Former Crowder and current Single-A Advanced Tampa Yankees (New York) pitcher Andrew Schwaab made his debut for Tampa on Monday night, tossing 2 2/3 scoreless innings of relief in a 9-4 loss to the St. Lucie Mets (New York).
Premier Junior Championships to begin pool play Wednesday
Jul. 18, 2016
JOPLIN — The odds are in your favor that will you see a future MLB player if you attend any of the Premier Baseball Junior Championship this week at any of the 10 sites in Joplin and the surrounding area. The tournament begins Wednesday and finishes up Sunday with the championship and consolation games at Joe Becker Stadium and Warren Turner Field, respectively.
Blasters win 9-8 in 12 inn. on Valentin HR
Jul. 18, 2016
JOPLIN — On a Sunday when most of the games in the American Association were lopsided to an extreme, the Joplin Blasters and the Kansas City T-Bones proved to be an exception to the rule Sunday at Joe Becker Stadium with their 12-inning game lasting all of 4 hours, 6 minutes, the longest game of the day by 33 minutes.
Beeks earns first win since May 8
Jul. 18, 2016
TRENTON, N.J. — Former Crowder and current Double-A Portland Sea Dogs (Boston Red Sox) pitcher Jalen Beeks earned his first win at the Double-A level and his first win overall since May 8 as the Sea Dogs beat the Trenton Thunder (New York Yankees) Monday night in the Battle of Trenton at Arm & Hammer Park.
Outlaws sweep Friday twinbill from Clarinda A's
Jul. 16, 2016
JOPLIN — The Joplin Outlaws swept a MINK League doubleheader Friday night from the Clarinda A's at Wendell Redden Field in the Joplin Athletic Complex, winning the first game 4-3 in eight innings and the second 2-0 behind a four-hit shutout by starter J.C. Hatcher and reliever Brandon Saddler.
Griffons rough up Outlaws on Saturday, 9-1
Jul. 16, 2016
JOPLIN — The Nevada Griffons ended their three-game losing streak and the Joplin Outlaws' three-game winning streak in commanding fashion Saturday night at Wendell Redden Field in the Joplin Athletic Complex with a 9-1 win.
Schwaab takes South Atlantic lead in saves
Jul. 16, 2016
CHARLESTON, S.C. — Former Crowder and current Single-A Charleston RiverDogs (New York Yankees) pitcher Andrew Schwaab earned his 17th save of the season during Thursday night's 2-0 win over the Rome Braves (Atlanta) and his 18th in Friday's 8-4 win over the Lakewood BlueClaws (Philadelphia Phillies).
Blasters win series opener Friday night, 7-2
Jul. 16, 2016
JOPLIN — The Joplin Blasters won back-to-back games for the first time since wins June 18-19 against the Sioux Falls Canaries, defeating the Kansas City T-Bones 7-2 in the series opener Friday night at historic Joe Becker Stadium after a win Thursday night against the Wichita Wingnuts.
T-Bones rout Blasters on Saturday night, 11-1
Jul. 16, 2016
JOPLIN — The Joplin Blasters failed to achieve their first three-game winning streak since May, falling 11-1 Saturday night to the Kansas City T-Bones at historic Joe Becker Stadium.
Reyes profiled in 'Today's Knuckleball'
Jul. 14, 2016
Former Crowder and current Single-A Advanced San Jose Giants (San Francisco) pitcher Mark Reyes was the subject of a profile entitled "Giants Prospect Mark Reyes Exceeding Expectations" by Bobby DeMuro for "Today's Knuckleball," a division of the FanRag Sports Network.
Blasters edge Wingnuts on Gomez's single, 3-2
Jul. 14, 2016
WICHITA, Kan. — The Joplin Blasters stopped a losing streak well before it could get anywhere near 14 games again, ending a two-game skid with a 3-2 win Thursday night over the Wichita Wingnuts at Lawrence-Dumont Stadium.
Cox's late HR thwarts Blasters on Wednesday, 3-2
Jul. 14, 2016
WICHITA, Kan. — The Joplin Blasters, after snapping a 14-game losing streak, lots its second game in a row, falling 3-2 Wednesday night against the Wichita Wingnuts at Lawrence-Dumont Stadium.
Neosho 16U softball run-rules its way to regionals
Jul. 13, 2016
The Neosho 16U softball team will be headed to the Senior League regional tournament after their 12-1 run-rule win Tuesday night over Joplin at Morse Park.
Blasters take 14 game losing streak into Tuesday's matchup
Jul. 11, 2016
JOPLIN — Tuesday night's doubleheader between South Division foes Joplin and Wichita presents teams headed in opposite directions.The visiting Blasters own a 14-game losing streak and last won a game June 24 against the Texas AirHogs. On the season, Joplin's 14-34 overall with their wins matching their current losing streak.
Jul. 10, 2016
Stauffer returns home to coach at camp
Jul. 10, 2016
Former Neosho High and Arizona State University standout Blake Stauffer returned home to help with the 15th annual Coach Phillips' Technique and Drill Camp from Wednesday through Saturday at the old Recreation Center.
Future coach Hostetter participates in annual camp
Jul. 10, 2016
Recently graduated Neosho wrestler Kyle Hostetter, an incoming freshman at NCAA Division I Southern Illinois-Edwardsville, helped coach at the 15th annual Coach Phillips' Technique and Drill Camp, a perfect opportunity for perspective future coach Hostetter to both learn and teach at the same time.
Neosho teams continue district tournament play
Jul. 10, 2016
Neosho 10U softball lost 6-3 to Joplin, despite the best defensive and offensive efforts of Lana Parsons, Maelynn Garrett, Grace Johnson and Jaylen Macy.
Blasters drop 13th straight contest, 7-3
Jul. 10, 2016
JOPLIN — The Joplin Blasters continued their losing ways on Saturday night at historic Joe Becker Stadium, as the Lincoln SaltDogs scored five runs in the first and one in the second en route to a 7-3 win in the third game of a four-game series.
Blasters fall for 12th straight time, 12-5
Jul. 10, 2016
JOPLIN — The Joplin Blasters and the Lincoln SaltDogs were tied at 5 entering the seventh inning, but the SaltDogs exploded for six runs in the seventh en route to a 12-5 win Friday night in the second game of a four-game series at historic Joe Becker Stadium. The loss marked the 12th straight for the Blasters, who have plummeted to an American Association-worst 14-32 (entering Saturday night) during an epic slide.
Outlaws, A's split Friday night twinbill
Jul. 10, 2016
JOPLIN — The Joplin Outlaws and the Clarinda A's split their MINK League doubleheader Friday night at Wendell Redden Field in the Joplin Athletic Complex, with the Outlaws winning Game 1 7-2 and the A's taking Game 2 5-1.
Hilliard scores winning run in Asheville victory
Jul. 10, 2016
ASHEVILLE, N.C. — Former Crowder players Sam Hilliard and Andrew Schwaab met up Friday night for a doubleheader between the Single-A Asheville Tourists (Hilliard, Colorado Rockies) and the Charleston RiverDogs (Schwaab, New York Yankees).
Neosho 12U softball eliminated from districts
Jul. 7, 2016
JOPLIN — The Neosho 12U softball team lost both games Tuesday and Wednesday, resulting in elimination from the district tournament played at the Blinzler Softball Complex. Neosho fell 11-1 to Joplin on Tuesday and 18-6 to Webb City on Wednesday.
Blasters fall in series opener, drop 11th straight
Jul. 7, 2016
JOPLIN — The Joplin Blasters were looking to end a 10-game losing streak when they opened a four-game series Thursday night against the Lincoln SaltDogs at historic Joe Becker Stadium.
Saints sweep Blasters for 10 straight losses
Jul. 7, 2016
ST. PAUL, Minn. — The Joplin Blasters' losing streak was extended to 10 games after consecutive losses to the St. Paul Saints, 4-3 and 3-2, at CHS Field.
Former Crowder IF Lazo named All-American
Jul. 7, 2016
Former Crowder and former Texas Southern infielder Ryan Lazo was recently voted to the HERO Sports Division I All-American Team, which sought to give recognition to "players from lesser-known schools and conferences who put up superior numbers to their big school competition."
Reyes' shutout snaps two-game skid
Jul. 7, 2016
SAN JOSE, Calif. — Former Crowder and current Single-A Advanced San Jose Giants (San Francisco) pitcher Mark Reyes returned to his form late in the first half and earned his first win of the second half Wednesday night against the Modesto Nuts (Colorado Rockies).
Neosho native Kamilos reaches finals
Jul. 5, 2016
EUGENE, Ore. — Former Neosho High and Arkansas standout Jessica (Jackson) Kamilos qualified for the finals of the 3,000-meter steeplechase with a ninth place finish Monday at the U.S. Olympic Trials at historic Hayward Field on the campus of the University of Oregon.
St. Paul foils Joplin in series opener, 9-2
Jul. 5, 2016
ST. PAUL, Minn. — The Joplin Blasters' losing streak was delayed 24 hours, as Sunday's home game against the Wichita Wingnuts was postponed and the Blasters lost Monday's road series opener against the St. Paul Saints 9-2 at CHS Field.
Hilliard homers in Tourists' loss
Jul. 5, 2016
ASHEVILLE, N.C. — Former Crowder and current Single-A Asheville Tourists (Colorado Rockies) outfielder Sam Hilliard celebrated his Fourth of July in style Monday night with a two-run home run in the eighth inning against the Lexington Legends (Kansas City).
NO BLAST: Blasters drop seventh straight
Jul. 3, 2016
JOPLIN — The rough times continued for the Joplin Blasters, as they fell 12-2 Saturday night at historic Joe Becker Stadium to South Division leader Wichita.
Taylor sparks Outlaws into 1st on Friday
Jul. 3, 2016
BROOKLINE — The Joplin Outlaws ventured away from the friendly confines of Wendell Redden Field in the Joplin Athletic Complex for the first time in 15 games and came away with a 8-4 win Friday night over South Division foe Ozark Generals at Barnhouse Field.
Outlaws roll over Monarchs, 13-4
Jul. 3, 2016
JOPLIN — The Joplin Outlaws scored early and scored often during a 13-4 win Saturday night over the KC Monarchs at Wendell Redden Field within the Joplin Athletic Complex.
Hillard takes RBI lead for Asheville Tourists
Jul. 3, 2016
GREENVILLE, S.C. — Former Crowder and current Single-A Asheville Tourists (Colorado Rockies) outfielder Sam Hilliard continued his recent RBI tear with a pair Friday night during a 6-0 win over the Greenville Drive (Boston Red Sox).
Wingnuts take series opener Friday, 7-2
Jul. 3, 2016
JOPLIN — The Joplin Blasters continued their slide with a 7-2 loss Friday night to the Wichita Wingnuts at historic Joe Becker Stadium.
Lemurs sweep reeling Blasters, 9-3
Jul. 1, 2016
JOPLIN — The Laredo Lemurs continue to be a thorn in the side of the Joplin Blasters.
Schwaab claims 15th save for Charleston
Jun. 30, 2016
CHARLESTON, S.C. — Former Crowder and current Single-A Charleston RiverDogs (New York Yankees) pitcher Andrew Schwaab earned his first save of the second half Wednesday night against the Greenville Drive (Boston Red Sox) in a 5-4 win.
District baseball, softball tournaments begin July 5
Jun. 30, 2016
Brackets for the upcoming Little League district tournaments have been released, with games beginning in full force after the Fourth of July.
Late rally sparks Chillicothe past Joplin, 11-8
Jun. 29, 2016
JOPLIN — The Chillicothe Mudcats scored six runs in the top of the seventh against the Joplin Outlaws en route to a 11-8 win Wednesday night at Wendell Redden Field in the Joplin Athletic Complex.
Beeks takes no-decision against Trenton Thunder
Jun. 29, 2016
TRENTON, N.J. — Former Crowder and current Double-A Portland Sea Dogs (Boston Red Sox) pitcher Jalen Beeks took a no-decision Tuesday night against the Trenton Thunder (New York Yankees) in his second start since being called up from Single-A Advanced Salem for the second half.
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text:
- Author: Yasir Qazi, MD; Chief Editor: Vecihi Batuman, MD, FACP, FASN more...
Despite the fact that uric acid was first identified approximately 2 centuries ago, certain pathophysiologic aspects of hyperuricemia are still not clearly understood. For years, hyperuricemia has been identified with or thought to be the same as gout, but uric acid has now been identified as a marker for a number of metabolic and hemodynamic abnormalities.[1, 2]
Unlike allantoin, the more soluble end product of purine metabolism in lower animals, uric acid is a poorly soluble end product of purine metabolism in humans. Human beings have higher levels of uric acid, in part, because of a deficiency of the hepatic enzyme uricase, and a lower fractional excretion of uric acid. Approximately two thirds of total body urate is produced endogenously, while the remaining one third is accounted for by dietary purines.
Approximately 70% of the urate produced daily is excreted by the kidneys, while the rest is eliminated by the intestines. However, during renal failure, the intestinal contribution of urate excretion increases to compensate for the decreased elimination by the kidneys.
The blood levels of uric acid are a function of the balance between the breakdown of purines and the rate of uric acid excretion. Theoretically, alterations in this balance may account for hyperuricemia, although clinically defective elimination accounts for most cases of hyperuricemia.
Uric acid in the blood is saturated at 6.4-6.8 mg/dL at ambient conditions, with the upper limit of solubility placed at 7 mg/dL. Urate is freely filtered at the glomerulus, reabsorbed, secreted, and then again reabsorbed in the proximal tubule. The recent cloning of certain urate transporters will facilitate the understanding of specific mechanisms by which urate is handled in the kidney and small intestines.
A urate/anion exchanger (URAT1) has been identified in the brush-border membrane of the kidneys and is inhibited by an angiotensin II receptor blocker, losartan.[3] A human organic anion transporter (hOAT1) has been found to be inhibited by both uricosuric drugs and antiuricosuric drugs,[4] while another urate transporter (UAT) has been found to facilitate urate efflux out of the cells.[5] These transporters may account for the reabsorption, secretion, and reabsorption pattern of renal handling of urate.
Urate secretion does appear to correlate with the serum urate concentration because a small increase in the serum concentration results in a marked increase in urate excretion.
Hyperuricemia may occur because of decreased excretion (underexcretors), increased production (overproducers), or a combination of these two mechanisms.
Underexcretion accounts for most causes of hyperuricemia. Urate handling by the kidneys involves filtration at the glomerulus, reabsorption, secretion, and, finally, postsecretory reabsorption. Consequently, altered uric acid excretion can result from decreased glomerular filtration, decreased tubular secretion, or enhanced tubular reabsorption.
While decreased urate filtration may not cause primary hyperuricemia, it can contribute to the hyperuricemia of renal insufficiency. Decreased tubular secretion of urate occurs in patients with acidosis (eg, diabetic ketoacidosis, ethanol or salicylate intoxication, starvation ketosis). The organic acids that accumulate in these conditions compete with urate for tubular secretion. Finally, enhanced reabsorption of uric acid distal to the site of secretion is the mechanism thought to be responsible for the hyperuricemia observed with diuretic therapy and diabetes insipidus.
Overproduction accounts for only a minority of patients presenting with hyperuricemia. The causes for hyperuricemia in overproducers may be either exogenous (diet rich in purines) or endogenous (increased purine nucleotide breakdown). A small percentage of overproducers have enzymatic defects that account for their hyperuricemia. These include a complete deficiency of hypoxanthine guanine phosphoribosyltransferase (HGPRT) as in Lesch-Nyhan syndrome, partial deficiency of HGPRT (Kelley-Seegmiller syndrome), and increased production of 5-phospho-alpha-d-ribosyl pyrophosphate (PRPP) activity. Accelerated purine degradation can result from rapid cell proliferation and turnover (blast crisis of leukemias) or from cell death (rhabdomyolysis, cytotoxic therapy). Glycogenoses types III, IV, and VII can result in hyperuricemia from excessive degradation of skeletal muscle ATP.
Combined mechanisms (underexcretion and overproduction) can also cause hyperuricemia. The most common cause under this group is alcohol consumption,[6] which results in accelerated hepatic breakdown of ATP and the generation of organic acids that compete with urate for tubular secretion. Enzymatic defects such as glycogenoses type I and aldolase-B deficiency are other causes of hyperuricemia that result from a combination of overproduction and underexcretion.
Urate crystals can engage an intracellular pattern recognition receptor, the macromolecular NALP3 (cryopyrin) inflammasome complex.[7, 8] NALP3 inflammasome may result in interleukin 1 (IL-1) beta production, which, in turn, incites an inflammatory response. Inhibition of this pathway has been targeted as a treatment for hyperuricemia-induced crystal arthritis, with recent reports documenting the efficacy of the IL-1 inhibitors canakinumab and rilonacept for preventing gout flares during the initiation of allopurinol therapy.[9]
Zinc and magnesium are important nutrients with anti-inflammatory properties. Chinese studies have linked low dietary levels to hyperuricemia in men. A study by Xie et al in 2697 men and 2471 women indicated that dietary zinc intake was inversely associated with hyperuricemia in middle-aged and older males, but not in females.[10] Wang et al reported that in 5168 subjects, dietary magnesium intake was inversely associated with hyperuricemia, independent of some major confounding factors, but only in males.[11]
United States
The prevalence rate of asymptomatic hyperuricemia in the general population is estimated at 2-13%.
Worldwide, the prevalence of hyperuricemia has increased substantially in recent decades. The progressive increase in serum levels of uric acid levels may be linked to the rising prevalence of overweight and obesity, as well as the increase in consumption of sugar-sweetened beverages, foods rich in purines, and alcohol.[12, 13]
A Japanese study that used an administrative claims database to ascertain 10-year trends in the prevalence of hyperuricemia concluded that the prevalence of hyperuricemia in the overall study population increased during the 10-year follow-up. When stratified by age, the prevalence increased among groups older than 65 years in both sexes. In those younger than 65 years, men had a prevalence 4 times higher than that in women, but in those older than 65 years, the gender gap narrowed to 1:3 (female-to-male ratio) with gout and/or hyperuricemia.
Hyperuricemia has been associated with increased morbidity[14] in patients with hypertension and is associated with increased mortality in women and elderly persons. In a study of 837 elderly patients with hypertension followed up over 3.5 years, Lin et al found that increases in uric acid levels were independently associated with decline in renal function.[15] Ding et al reported that serum uric acid concentration and prevalence of hyperuricemia were positively associated with osteoarthritis of the knee in a cohort of Chinese women.[16]
The cause for these associations is unknown, but hyperuricemia is probably a marker for comorbid risk factors rather than a causative factor, per se. Results of a cross-sectional study by Yang et al suggested that levels of high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (a nonspecific marker for inflammation) are positively associated with the prevalence of hyperuricemia.[17]
Although observational studies on hyperuricemia and stroke have yielded conflicting results, a meta-analysis by Kim et al suggested that hyperuricemia may modestly increase the risk of stroke incidence and mortality.[18] The authors reviewed 16 studies that together included 238,449 adults. Investigating risk ratios (RRs) for the incidence of stroke and mortality in relation to serum uric acid levels in adults, the authors found that in studies that adjusted for known risk factors, the RR for stroke in patients with hyperuricemia was 1.47 (4 studies; 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.19, 1.76) and the RR for mortality was 1.26 (6 studies; 95% CI 1.12, 1.39). Kim et al concluded that further research is needed to determine whether reducing patients' uric acid levels will have beneficial effects relating to stroke.
Race-, Sex-, and Age-related Demographics
A high prevalence of hyperuricemia exists in indigenous races of the Pacific, which appears to be associated with a low fractional excretion of uric acid.[19] In the United States, African Americans develop hyperuricemia more commonly than whites.
Hyperuricemia, and particularly gouty arthritis, are far more common in men than in women. Only 5% of patients with gout are female, but uric acid levels increase in women after menopause.[20]
The normal serum uric acid level is lower in children than in adults. The upper limit of the reference range for children is 5 mg/dL (0.30 mmol/L). The upper limit of the reference range for men is 7 mg/dL (0.42 mmol/L) and for women is 6 mg/dL (0.36 mmol/L). The tendency to develop hyperuricemia increases with age.
Stack A, Manolis AJ, Ritz E. Detrimental role of hyperuricemia on the cardio-reno-vascular system. Curr Med Res Opin. 2015 Sep. 31 Suppl 2:21-6. [Medline].
Johnson RJ, Kivlighn SD, Kim YG, Suga S, Fogo AB. Reappraisal of the pathogenesis and consequences of hyperuricemia in hypertension, cardiovascular disease, and renal disease. Am J Kidney Dis. 1999 Feb. 33(2):225-34. [Medline].
Enomoto A, Kimura H, Chairoungdua A, Shigeta Y, Jutabha P, Cha SH, et al. Molecular identification of a renal urate anion exchanger that regulates blood urate levels. Nature. 2002 May 23. 417(6887):447-52. [Medline].
Ichida K, Hosoyamada M, Kimura H, Takeda M, Utsunomiya Y, Hosoya T, et al. Urate transport via human PAH transporter hOAT1 and its gene structure. Kidney Int. 2003 Jan. 63(1):143-55. [Medline].
Leal-Pinto E, Cohen BE, Lipkowitz MS, Abramson RG. Functional analysis and molecular model of the human urate transporter/channel, hUAT. Am J Physiol Renal Physiol. 2002 Jul. 283 (1):F150-63. [Medline].
Shiraishi H, Une H. The effect of the interaction between obesity and drinking on hyperuricemia in Japanese male office workers. J Epidemiol. 2009. 19(1):12-6. [Medline]. [Full Text].
Martinon F, Petrilli V, Mayor A, Tardivel A, Tschopp J. Gout-associated uric acid crystals activate the NALP3 inflammasome. Nature. 2006 Mar 9. 440(7081):237-41. [Medline].
Dalbeth N, Merriman T. Crystal ball gazing: new therapeutic targets for hyperuricaemia and gout. Rheumatology (Oxford). 2009 Mar. 48(3):222-6. [Medline].
Latourte A, Bardin T, Richette P. Prophylaxis for acute gout flares after initiation of urate-lowering therapy. Rheumatology (Oxford). 2014 Nov. 53 (11):1920-6. [Medline].
Xie DX, Xiong YL, Zeng C, Wei J, Yang T, Li H, et al. Association between low dietary zinc and hyperuricaemia in middle-aged and older males in China: a cross-sectional study. BMJ Open. 2015 Oct 13. 5 (10):e008637. [Medline].
Wang YL, Zeng C, Wei J, Yang T, Li H, Deng ZH, et al. Association between Dietary Magnesium Intake and Hyperuricemia. PLoS One. 2015. 10 (11):e0141079. [Medline].
Desideri G, Puig JG, Richette P. The management of hyperuricemia with urate deposition. Curr Med Res Opin. 2015 Sep. 31 Suppl 2:27-32. [Medline].
Meneses-Leon J, Denova-Gutiérrez E, Castañón-Robles S, Granados-García V, Talavera JO, Rivera-Paredez B, et al. Sweetened beverage consumption and the risk of hyperuricemia in Mexican adults: a cross-sectional study. BMC Public Health. 2014 May 12. 14:445. [Medline].
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|24 Reviews
|Property type
|Minimum Stay
|7 nights
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This 30 acre, private property sits in a combination of a wooded and meadow setting with the Stillwater River 100 yards from the back door. It was set up for the active, outdoor, lifestyle dream. The house itself is over 3800 square feet with a recently added game room of 800 square feet with pool table, fooz ball and a flat screen tv for movies. The house is an all tile main floor with wood stove as well as radiant heating in the floor. The upper floor is all carpeted and all the bedrooms are on the upper floor.
If floating, fishing and swimming are your preference you can stroll down to the river from the house to the Stillwater River on the back of the property. There is a great 2 - 3 hour (depending on water levels) float to an easy take out spot down the road. There are no rapids on this portion of the Stillwater River, it moves at a nice floating pace, ideal for children and fishing. Stop for a picnic on one of the many sandbars or try your luck on the mud sliding bank (you won't miss this, it is a popular feature).
For motorcyclists there is access to State lands and Forest Service roads for miles of riding right off the property.
If mountain biking is more your speed, you can head over the highway and ride onto the Lupfer Loop section of the Whitefish Trail system. There are also three rock climbing areas near by.
Spend the day at Glacier Park and the evening at the Whitefish Farmers Market (tuesday nights on central avenue) and then home to relax in the quiet surroundings of the property.
The property sits 13 miles North of downtown Whitefish. The Stillwater Lake and Bar are 3 miles further North from the property for fishing and jet skiing.
Keywords: Serene, private, horses, horse, riverfront, motorcycles, hiking, mountain biking, rock climbing, near state land access, pet friendly, great for families with children or a romantic getaway, Glacier National Park, Whitefish, Whitefish Mountain Resort, Whitefish Lake, Tally Lake, Stillwater Lake.
** August 2013 - We have an AT&T cell service booster at the house which we can add your phone number too if you have a smart phone (flip phones do not work with the booster) and are an AT&T customer. This will provide full service in the house. Unfortunately if you use Verizon they recently lost a tower agreement and do not have service anymore at our property. This is very recent and I would call your provider before visiting if cell service is imperative to your visit. We do have a laptop for use at the house but do not have a land line.
We have a 7 night minimum stay required, 5 nights will be considered based on current reserved dates
We ask that you book either for Xmas or New Years or both but there is a 7 day minimum over each holiday so both holidays would require a 14 night stay.
This property had the space, the privacy and proximity to both town, the river, biking and rock climbing that appealed to David. He developed it originally as his main residence before turning it into a retreat.
The Stillwater River floats across the back of the property but is only 200 yards from the house. It is great for floating, the meadows and wooded area are the perfect setting to relax after a day of playing outdoors. The house has an open plan with high ceilings that give a great sense of space and is very comfortable.
Hello Bonnie & David,
We want to thank you so much for letting us rent your beautiful vacation home. We had such a good time and did not want to leave!
Thanks again!
Linda K. and family
We took our entire family for a week long trip to Montana and were so happy we found this place. It's about a 15 minute drive from Whitefish but the serenity makes it totally worth it. The house is beautiful with lots of amenities. David and Bonnie are fantastic to work with and we will definitely be renting from them again when we head back to Whitefish!
We had 6 adults and two children and thoroughly enjoyed ourselves for the 4th of July holiday in this amazing Farmhouse.
We did something everyday...Glacier NP two days, Zip-Lining at the ski resort, shopping downtown, chartered a fishing boat, and more. This place is close enough to everything but out far enough out that you have your space.
What a great time I had with my family. I will never forget it! Thanks David and Bonnie for everything.
A great property with a beautiful open plan living area, excellent kitchen and a wood fire. We used this property as a base to go skiing and it worked very well. Off the beaten track it was a nice place to relax after a long day on the mountain. We were very well looked after by Dave and Bonnie who gave as great directions to get there and communicated with us really well. Thankyou.
I'm a repeat customer to this spot, and absolutely love it. Far enough to feel out of town, but close enough to pop into town for groceries, shopping, etc. It's serene, no immediate neighbors to worry about noise, the property is beautiful, and there is a river just a few steps out the back door. Drop a car off and float your afternoon away; it's a kick. Big house, lots of room, and the kids will love the loft rooms with a connecting door between them. Kids will love the fireman's pole. Even us grown-ups have tried it. ;) Everything is pretty central. Great neighboring trails for hiking, walking, and mt. biking. A week here is not long enough, but I'll take it anytime!
This property was excellent for our family get-a-way. Bonnie and David were great!! The adults (6 of us) and the 3 children all loved it. The house is in great condition - very clean and well stocked. There was plenty of room. The children especially had fun with the little rooms and secret passage ways. The bed in the covered wagon was an instant hit for the 5 yr. old! The yard area was perfect for yard games and running around like children like to do. The closeness of the river was also great - floating, swimming and fishing were big hits!! We would certainly consider this property again. Close enough to Whitefish for groceries and anything else that you might need. Dickey Lake is about 20 minutes away and it was a beautiful place for our 4th of July picnic and water fun. Not a bad drive to Glacier National Park!
Had a large group of friends come together the second weekend in March at this Cabin and everyone was blown away with how great this place was. There was more than enough room for the 11 guys. Beautiful house with everything we needed to entertain. We never really even needed to go into town. There is a great mix of history with great modern features like updated bathrooms, tv's and a games room......that we never left. The renters were fantastic and treated us great......very quick communication and really friendly. We've already started to plan a large family vacation with a few couples and can't wait to come back in the summer. I can't recommend this place enough!
Skiing, hiking and mountain biking at Whitefish Mountain Resort, boating, jet skiing and kayaking at Stillwater Lake, Tally Lake or Whitefish Lake. The property is a short drive from Glacier National Park and the Lupfer Loop of the Whitefish Trail System for biking and horses is across the highway from the property. Floating, swimming, kayaking and fishing off the back of the property is available on the Stillwater River.
|Rate Period
|Weekend Night
My Standard Rate
7 night minimum stay
|Pet Fee
|Property Damage Protection
|Cleaning Fee $150 refundable if left in order
|Tax Rate


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