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- Fins cut Grimes The Fins release CB Brent Grimes, freeing $6.5 million in cap space
- Mario Williams signed DE Mario Williams signs a 2 years deal with the Fins
- Fins trade for CB Maxwell Fins swap 1st round picks with the Eagles for CB Maxwell and LB Alonso
- Adam Gase hired Coach Gase was hired as head coach of the Dolphins
A man and his Dream: Part II
We continue our look with Donterrious Porter as we check in with him as he prepares for the regional NFL combine at the Chicago Bears training facility on March 10th.
FN: Hey, Donterrious, tell our readers a little bit about yourself.
Porter: Id say I'm a fun caring person who has the drive to do anything I set my heart and mind to. I have always be told I'm not good enough for football so I worked harder than every one on my team to not only earn the privilege to start both sides of the ball, but toalsoearn my team's respect. I had more doubters saying is maybe you would play varsity but wouldn't start. Once again I told them I'd start and my junior year I did. I had 10 solo tackles my first varsity game.
I always put others before myself because I know God has blessed me . That's how I try to live my life. I'm also a role model for my nephew and for the kids I coach at my old high school Waterloo west high schoolinWaterloo,Iowa.My goal is to give back to my old school, but more importantly to the young men growing up and tryingto be successful in life. I try to help them build character so they can make the right chocies in life. I want to help them to be role models for the guys to come. FN: What do you like to do outside of football and coaching?Porter: I like to hanout with friends and watch a lot of movies also.FN: So you are preparing for the regional combine in a little over a week. Tell us what you have been doing to get ready for it?
Porter: Ive been working on getting faster, stronger, more flexible, and trying to watch as much film as I can to get better in different coverages. I also do exercises that help my hips/back pedal, and I'm improving my DB's skills through different drills and by watching a lot of game film.
I also try to make my workouts really hard because I want to be the best. I train this hard because when I get my chance I want to be ready and show people I wont let my dreams die easy. For the last week, I have been able to work out with the University of Northern Iowa football guys who are working out for thier Pro day. So I'd like to thank the staff for helping me to get ready for my Pro day.
I have also been able to talk to Bill's guard Chad Rehinhart. I tried to get insight from him and any advice he could offer.
FN: You mentioned coaching at your old high school. Tell us a bit more on that.
Porter: I worked mostly with the running backs and DB's. Like I said, it was a chance to give back to my old school.
FN: The road to the NFL is hard, and a lot of people do not make it. Have you thought about what you might do if it does not happen?
Porter: I have contacts with the CFL and I have been talking with them since last year. I wanted to attend their tryouts but I told them I had to graduate. So I wasn't able to attend any of their tryouts because I had so much work to do for graduation. So I would play in the CFL, that is still an option for me.
FN: Thanks Donterrious for taking the time to talk to us. We look forward to reading your accounts of your upcoming Pro days.
Porter: Thanks again for all your help. It means a lot and thank you staff for me again also.
Join us on our message board and share your thoughts!! Get started here! FinNation Forums
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James Lancaster
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- Count down to Dolphin roster cuts - August 19, 2015
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- Training Camp Begins! - July 26, 2014


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I have been hearing about the speech Mitt Romney gave in Manchester, New Hampshire, after winning GOP primary contests in Pennsylvania, Delaware, Rhode Island, Connecticut and New York. The reports I had been receiving said it was a good speech, so I thought it would be good to share it here. Mitt Romney is definitely turning his attention away from any possible challenge from his GOP opponents and is focusing on Barack Obama. Let me know what you think. Is Romney ready to take on the political machine that is the Obama campaign? To be sure, it isn't going to be a fair fight.
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subset: commoncrawl


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Penny Singleton (September 15, 1908 – November 12, 2003) was an American film actress. Born Marianna Dorothy Agnes Letitia McNulty in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania (commonly known as Dorothy McNulty) she was the daughter of an Irish-American newspa...perman Benny McNulty — from whom she received the nickname "Penny" because she was "as bright as a penny".
Connect any celebrity with Penny Singleton to see how closely they are linked... romantically!


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This story was written by Dianne See Morrison.
Greg Osberg, former president of Newsweek, has resurfaced. Four months after leaving the magazine, he is stepping into the role of chief executive officer at Buzzwire, a Denver-based mobile video start-up that helps operators and content producers publish video and internet radio on cellphones. The WSJ.com reports that Buzzwire's founder Andrew MacFarlane wanted a CEO with experience in the migration of print content to the internet, a shift he believes is now being mimicked in online content's transition to mobile devices.
Fifty-one year old Osberg was at Newsweek for almost 18 years. In 2006, he launched the magazine's mobile version, as well as relaunching Newsweek.com. He also spent three years at CNET, where he was president of sales and marketing. "Mobile media feels like the Internet back in the early '90s," Osberg told the WSJ.com. Buzzwire, backed by VC's Matrix Partners, Sequel Venture Partners and Spark Capital, counts *AT&T*, *Alltel*, and *Verizon* as customers.
By Dianne See Morrison
Industry Moves: Former Newsweek President Osberg Appointed CEO Of Mobile Video Start-Up Buzzwire


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Caribbean Ingredients
A few things stand out upon walking into Fatty's Café in Astoria—the full wood-paneled bar and the ocean blue walls decked with paintings of Medusa-like heroines.
Then you get to the Caribbean-inspired menu, and the background fades.
A mango mimosa with mofongo, a dish of ground plantains mixed with pork and cheese and dripping in cheese sauce, is a good start to a warm summer Saturday. Complement the provolone and polenta corncakes with a bloody mary. Or try the frittata with sausage with a side salad.
The crowd is a mix of parents with strollers and young diners in T-shirts and shorts. Outdoor seating under a suspended bamboo roof adds to the Caribbean feel. Owner Fernando Peña, who was raised in New York with "ingredients from the Dominican Republic," says he wanted to share his Caribbean heritage with guests.
A $12.99 brunch special will get you an entrée with a choice of mimosa, bloody mary or limeade.
Fatty's Café in Astoria, at 25-01 Ditmars Blvd., serves brunch from 11 a.m. to 4 p.m. Saturdays and Sundays. 718-267-7071.
—Jonnelle Marte


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Richard Kotulski is an executive with more than 13 years of experience in the technology and creative sectors.
Richard currently serves as Director of Communications for the CenturyLink Innovations Lab. Before that he was VP of Corporate Operations for AppFog which signed up more than 100,000 developers, raised nearly $10M in venture funding, and was ultimately acquired by CenturyLink.
Richard has built technology as well as worked with and advised technology companies.Tech Bio
Richard's creative accomplishments are various, prodigious, and prestigious.Creative Bio
Richard has built tech and creative companies from the ground up and can help you.Contact Richard


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Corcoran Management Company has been Creating Communities Since 1951.
We understand that we are not just managing buildings but we are creating environments that enhance lives. At a Corcoran community you can expect to find a host of modern conveniences including easily accessible locations, proximity to shopping and restaurants and spacious floor – more... plans.
We focus on delivering attentive customer service. At any of our communities, you can expect dedicated office and maintenance staff, prompt response to service requests, organized resident functions, and well maintained buildings and grounds.
Our communities range from three story, inner city walkups to eight-story high-rise buildings, and also include city and suburban garden apartments and townhouses. We specialize in both market and assisted properties, so that no matter what your lifestyle or needs might be, you will find the ideal home at one of our many locations.
At Corcoran Management, we take pride in our properties so you can take pride in your home. – less–ZoomInfo


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Linux Journal Contents #96, April 2002
UNIX under the Desktop
by Doc Searls and Brent Simmons
Doc and Brent speculate on the possiblities presented by the UNIX that is the latest Mac OS.
Build a Virtual CD-ROM Jukebox
by Jeremy Impson
Jeremy shows how to set up a Linux server providing access to ISO 9660 images.
Connect to Microsoft SQL 2000 with the Perl Sybase Module
by Andrew Trice
Thought you couldn't use Perl to interface with an MS SQL server? Think again.
An Interview with Andreas Leimer
by Phil Hughes
We talk to Inalambrica.net's CTO about how they use Linux to bring internet connectivity to Costa Rica.
Linux IPv6: Which One to Deploy?
by Ibrahim Haddad
Ibrahim gives the dope on the various open-source IPv6 projects.
Take Command The m4 Macro Package
by Robert Adams
Kernel Korner Hot Plug
by Greg Kroah-Hartman
At the Forge Writing Zope Products
by Reuven M. Lerner
Cooking with Linux Interoperate with Me
by Marcel Gagné
Paranoid Penguin Hardening Sendmail
by Mick Bauer
GFX Linux Graphics Drivers
by Robin Rowe
Geek Law
On-Line Privacy
by Lawrence Rosen
Focus on Software
Defining Interoperability
by David A. Bandel
Focus on Embedded Systems
Interview with the Preemptible Kernel Patch Maintainer
by Rick Lehrbaum
The CodeWeavers CrossOver Plugin
by Dave Phillips
SnapGear Lite: an Inexpensive Home Office/Small Office Firewall and VPN Client
by Alan Zeichick
From the Editor LinuxWorld, New York
by Richard Vernon
Best of Technical Support
New Products
Trending Topics
Practical Task Scheduling Deployment
July 20, 2016 12:00 pm CDT
One of the best things about the UNIX environment (aside from being stable and efficient) is the vast array of software tools available to help you do your job. Traditionally, a UNIX tool does only one thing, but does that one thing very well. For example, grep is very easy to use and can search vast amounts of data quickly. The find tool can find a particular file or files based on all kinds of criteria. It's pretty easy to string these tools together to build even more powerful tools, such as a tool that finds all of the .log files in the /home directory and searches each one for a particular entry. This erector-set mentality allows UNIX system administrators to seem to always have the right tool for the job.
Cron traditionally has been considered another such a tool for job scheduling, but is it enough? This webinar considers that very question. The first part builds on a previous Geek Guide, Beyond Cron, and briefly describes how to know when it might be time to consider upgrading your job scheduling infrastructure. The second part presents an actual planning and implementation framework.
Join Linux Journal's Mike Diehl and Pat Cameron of Help Systems.
Free to Linux Journal readers.Register Now!
|SUSE LLC's SUSE Manager
|Jul 21, 2016
|My +1 Sword of Productivity
|Jul 20, 2016
|Non-Linux FOSS: Caffeine!
|Jul 19, 2016
|Murat Yener and Onur Dundar's Expert Android Studio (Wrox)
|Jul 18, 2016
|Rogue Wave Software's Zend Server
|Jul 14, 2016
|Webinar: Practical Task Scheduling Deployment
|Jul 14, 2016
- SUSE LLC's SUSE Manager
- Google's SwiftShader Released
- My +1 Sword of Productivity
- Murat Yener and Onur Dundar's Expert Android Studio (Wrox)
- Managing Linux Using Puppet
- Non-Linux FOSS: Caffeine!
- Interview with Patrick Volkerding
- SuperTuxKart 0.9.2 Released
- Parsing an RSS News Feed with a Bash Script
- Doing for User Space What We Did for Kernel Space
Geek Guides
With all the industry talk about the benefits of Linux on Power and all the performance advantages offered by its open architecture, you may be considering a move in that direction. If you are thinking about analytics, big data and cloud computing, you would be right to evaluate Power. The idea of using commodity x86 hardware and replacing it every three years is an outdated cost model. It doesn't consider the total cost of ownership, and it doesn't consider the advantage of real processing power, high-availability and multithreading like a demon.
This ebook takes a look at some of the practical applications of the Linux on Power platform and ways you might bring all the performance power of this open architecture to bear for your organization. There are no smoke and mirrors here—just hard, cold, empirical evidence provided by independent sources. I also consider some innovative ways Linux on Power will be used in the future.Get the Guide


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The official site of AMC's original series The Walking Dead, returning October 23 at 9/8c. Get the latest news, photos, video extras and more.
The Walking Dead is an American horror drama television series developed by Frank Darabont, based on the comic book series of the same name by Robert ...
The Walking Dead -- Rick and the group must go outside the walls to save · The Walking Dead -- Alexandria is alerted after realizing someone is missing.
2 days ago ... Get an early look at Season 7 before it premieres in October. For more The Walking Dead videos: http://goo.gl/qJOZ6n Official The Walking ...
The Walking Dead. 34713868 likes · 1763938 talking about this. The official page for AMC's The Walking Dead. For more info, go to www.amc.com.
2 days ago ... AMC has set the premiere date and revealed the first trailer for the next season of "The Walking Dead"
The Walking Dead official website from Robert Kirkman's Skybound Entertainment. Comic, TV Show, Games, and more.
The Walking Dead is an episodic video game series based on Robert Kirkman's award-winning comic books. Season One of The Walking Dead won over 90 ...
With one of television's biggest weekly audiences, The Walking Dead is coasting along, possibly past the point where the only thing likely to end it is an actual ...
1 day ago ... 'The Walking Dead' cast and producers teases season 7 at San Diego Comic- Con.
Walking Dead Wiki is a community site that anyone can contribute to. Discover, share and add your knowledge!
The Walking Dead. The official account of AMC's The Walking Dead. bit.ly/ 1PPMk0I. 1,577 posts; 4.9m followers; 62 following. @gnicotero and his # TWDSDCC ...
Amazon.com: The Walking Dead: Season 1: Andrew Lincoln, Jon Bernthal, Laurie Holden, Sarah Wayne Callies, Emma Bell, Jeffrey DeMunn, Frank Darabont, ...
The latest Tweets from The Walking Dead AMC (@WalkingDead_AMC). The official handle for #TheWalkingDead on @AMC_TV. #TWD Returns October 2016.
Jul 1, 2016 ... Negan (Jeffrey Dean Morgan) killed someone in the season six finale of AMC's The Walking Dead, but exactly who the big bad beat to death ...
The Walking Dead: Season Two continues the story of Clementine, a young girl orphaned by the undead apocalypse. Left to fend for herself, she has been ...
The Walking Dead Team Talks Season 7 Premiere: 'It's Very, Very Gruesome' ... Season 7 of The Walking Dead will have its lighter moments, promises ...
As featured in TegraZone, The Walking Dead is a five-part game series (Episode 2-5 can be purchased via in-app) set in the same universe as Robert Kirkman's ...
Watch full episodes of The Walking Dead and get the latest breaking news, exclusive videos and pictures, episode recaps and much more at TVGuide.com.
Stay human and survive in the dangerous world of AMC's The Walking Dead. Trained by Daryl Dixon, your group will fight the walker menace and save other ...


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DeLay's "Ongoing Victory" Over Reality
House Majority Leader Tom DeLay yesterday declared an "ongoing victory" in his effort to cut spending, and said "there is simply no fat left to cut in the federal budget." Here's a list of vital programs Tom DeLay has marshaled through Congress:
$25,000 to study mariachi music in Nevada
$1.5 million for an Alaskan bus stop with heated sidewalks and electronic signs
$75,000 set aside for the Paper Industry International Hall of Fame in Appleton, Wisconsin
$100,000 for a film festival in Rochester, New York.
$50 million for an indoor rainforest in Iowa.
$18,000 for a smoking booth at a private New Jersey airport.
$200,000 for a peanut festival in Alabama
$200 million to build a bridge from Ketchikan, Alaska to a nearby island with 50 inhabitants.
$1 million for the B.B. King Museum in Indianola
$300,000 to construct the Great Falls Parking Garage in Auburn, Maine
$ 240,000 for potato storage research in Madison, Wisconsin


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I could never get enough of Katerina, She is sooo beautiful. My all time fave.
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Top Definition
1. A high quality bud of marijuana.
2. The Dank.
3. See ganja.
1. A high quality bud of marijuana.
2. The Dank.
3. See ganja.
Gayle packed her last nug into the bowl and smoked it on the way to work.
автор: Shamus 6 февраля 2003
Trending Now
cannabis bud that comes in nuggets of varying sizes. a sign of quality when it comes to bud; dank is almost always in this form, but nugs of mids are far less common. nugs of schwag are non-existent-- the closest thing to a schwag nug is dried-out shit from your ass
Stop looking at this fucking website and smoke some NUGS already, fucking tweaknut.
автор: jizzety j0e 22 апреля 2003
a small chunk of weed...not a chicken nugget
yo pack that nug in the bowl so we can toke this shit
автор: dank as hell 13 сентября 2007
Good quality hydroponically grown weed in 'nugget format'.
"Do you know where I can score sum nugs?"
автор: Diego 31 августа 2003
the greatest most delicious thing in the world, and should be legalized DAMMIT!!!
Yo bra i was smokin on some dank ass nug, i think it was called "WHITE WIDOW"!!!
автор: -Jason Super Fly- 2 марта 2009
Nug: noun, A little piece of bud. Short for nugget when spoken in marijuana context.
Dennis was ripping people off selling bud because he would take some nugs off and sell what was left. Meanwhile, he smoked the nugs.
автор: !natedog! 5 декабря 2006
An affectionate term for person, typically friends
Yo nugs, do you guys want to hano out after school and smoke a dank nug?
автор: petesuxeggs 9 декабря 2014


text:
Comment What Consumer Reports knows and when they know it (Score 1) 136
Consumer Reports provides such feedback regarding disparity between their gas mileage test and EPA stickers only occasionally, such as with their evaluation of the C-Max. If they give a table for the cars they review somewhere in some issue as to "EPA sticker", "Consumer Reports road test", and "percent disparity", I would like to know where that table is. The impression I get is that 1) they regard their road test as a "ground truth" for fuel economy and think of the EPA numbers as "made up", 2) if a reader wanted the EPA number, they could go look it up on FuelEconomy.gov. Their road test has also changed over time, making it hard to compare a new car model against a 20-year old car, and yes, some of us keep cars that long. I can't find in Consumer Reports back issues a good description of their road test conditions.
Has Consumer Reports ever set up a road test to replicate the EPA test conditions and used that to quantify road test/EPA test disparity?
They only mentioned the disparity for the C-Max because it was large, even compared to the Prius, which also has such a disparity. The tone they took was that the larger disparity for the C-Max was evidence of Ford "gaming the system." They only mentioned in passing that the C-Max was also much less underpowered than the Prius, without any discussion as to whether this performance fully accounted for the difference in gas mileage, whether this was a tradeoff that a consumer would want to make, and whether driving the C-Max more conservatively made up for the shortfall in gas mileage.
Indeed, the large disparity in the C-Max could be evidence that Ford is gaming the system, but Consumer Reports didn't do anything to pursue this further, unlike the lab that found a disparity in the VW Diesels and dug deeper. It could be that Ford is legally gaming the system in optimizing the C-Max for the narrow range of driving conditions on the EPA test while giving it a transmission tuning making it "more fun to drive" in more "normal driving conditions", hoping that their consumers would be happier with the better acceleration and that consumers would be conditioned to believe that the "EPA numbers are made up, anyway, and no one ever gets those." Or it could be that Ford has "pulled a VW" and not get caught, but Consumer Reports has passed on investigating this deeper to find out.
Consumer Reports also appears to lack curiosity regarding outliers in their own test results. I remember a while back they tested a Dodge Neon back when Chrysler made a car with that nameplate, with a 3-speed automatic transmission to boot, that got in the mid 40 MPGs on a test where competing cars were in the mid to high 30's. Did they rerun the test as a "sanity check"? Do they even know what the variation is on their test between successive runs?
I also notice that their gas mileage rating can fluctuate, often downward, from year-to-year when they retest the same make and model of car. You also see this in the EPA numbers. Some of that may be transmission and engine retuning to trade more "pep" for less gas mileage, especially in the years when gas prices were in decline. But a consumer gets to wonder if the same kind of car can vary in gas mileage and by how much. That the expectation is that the EPA gas mileage is "made up" bakes into the system that it is hard to make the case that you bought a "lemon car" with bad gas mileage. A gas mileage complaint is really hard to make stick with the guys who sell and service your car because they will always turn it around and blame it on your driving. Did Consumer Reports ever try renting, say, about a half dozen cars of the same make, model, and year to see how consistent they are?
Yeah, yeah, Consumer Reports is a non-profit with limited resources in the amount of testing they can do. But given that gas mileage is such an important factor in satisfaction with an automobile purchase, and given that it is so hard to benchmark your car against a standard to check if you got a gas-mileage lemon (I suggest a method for a road test comparison against EPA -- can anyone tell me how to benchmark against the Consumer Reports road test as I don't even know what that road test is?), Consumer Reports could do more on this score. Remember, it wasn't Consumer Reports who uncovered the VW Diesel cheat.


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Night Owl 4X Night Vision Monocular
Item # WX2-224160
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- Details & Specs
- Reviews
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Night Owl 4X Night Vision Monocular. Increased magnification equals better resolution!
4X magnification gets you closer to "the things that go bump in the night"! Hunting, camping, security detail... the Night Owl 4X Night Vision Monocular teams a quality 1st generation intensifier tube with a built-in infrared illuminator and a light-swallowing 50 mm objective lens for eye-opening images in the complete dark!
The Night Owl 4X Monocular makes it simple to get a handle on your nocturnal surroundings with its sure-handed rubberized grip and intuitive push-button controls. Should you get a case of the butterfingers, no worries... the rubberized finish protects against damage.See like an owl:
- 1st generation intensifier tube
- Built-in columnated infrared illuminator for clear views in complete darkness
- 4X magnification
- High-quality glass optics
- Soft-touch rubberized coating... comfortable grip, enhanced durability
- Manual focus
- 50 mm objective lens
- Resolution: 35 lp / mm on center
- Spectral sensitivity: 400 nm to 900 nm
- Diopter adjustment: +4 to -4
- Minimum focal distance: 5.7'
- Angular Field of View: 14°
- Field of View at 200': 56' wide
- Requires (1) 3V type 123 lithium battery (not included)
- 45 to 100-hour battery life (depending on infrared use)
- 7 5/8" l. x 2 1/2" w. x 3 7/8" h. 14 1/2 ozs.


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This handsome leopard colt is fresh out of the oven! not even a week old. His first pictures are posted, and i'll be updating as he gets outside with…$2,400
This is a SORREL & WHITE TOBIANO PAINT GELDING that is gentle and easy to ride. He has been used primarily as a trail horse, ridden on the farm to move…$2,000
This is a very well broke PALOMINO MARE that has been youth ridden. She is handy broke and will one hand neck rein, catch her leads, and move out when…$2,000
This is a very attractive sorrel Kentucky Mountain Gelding that has been trail ridden. He is very broke and rides for any level rider. He will ride on…$2,250
This is "REX & RAWHIDE". This is a super cool team of QUARTER HORSE / PERCHERON CROSSBRED GELDINGS. These geldings are well broke and have been ranch ridden…$7,500
Super sweet Mule!!!...easy to catch and ride...walk, trot, canter and jump!!!...will trail ride as well...goes over obstacles, kids love to play with him…$1,500
This is a very pretty nice PALOMINO MARE that is 5 yrs old. She has been used for trail riding and is started on cattle. She has been ridden around cattle…$1,800
This is a very gentle pretty TOBIANO PAINT GELDING that is quiet and easy to ride. This gelding stands 15 hands tall and rides around nicely for any level…$2,000


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College News
MBA Graduates Recognized
Anthony Rounding and Courtney Brown were honored by the School of Business' MBA Program during a reception on Friday, May 10.
Rounding received the MBA Scholarly Achievement Award, which is given to the student with the highest cumulative grade point average in all MBA courses taken at St. John Fisher College.
Brown received the MBA Distinguished Student Award, given to the student who best exemplifies the personal qualities that will lead to success in a career-diligence, the ability to work with and show concern for others, independence, tact, and maturity.
In addition, 11 students who had been inducted into the College's Beta Gamma Sigma (BGS) chapter earlier in the year were recognized. They were Muhammed Ahmad, Scott Blodgett, Giuseppe Cerami, Mazen Elrayes, Colleen Fagan, Deanna Feocco, Colby Finn, Leah George, Charles Knittle, Travis Schultz, and Elizabeth Vanacore. BGS is the international honor society serving business programs accredited by AACSB International - The Association to Advance Collegiate Schools of Business. Membership in BGS is the highest recognition a business student anywhere in the world can receive in a business program accredited by AACSB International. The top 20% of MBAs are invited for membership.
Check out photos from Commencement 2016 on Flickr!
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Mintz LevinShared publicly -
Court dismisses Northern Mariana Islands public pension fund's bankruptcy case. Details & analysis on our Public Finance blog at PublicFinanceMatters.com: http://ow.ly/byLfr
Court Dismisses Public Pension Fund's Bankruptcy Case : Public Finance Matters : Boston New York Finance & Bond Lawyers & Attorneys : Mintz, Levin, Cohn, Ferris, Glovsky and Popeo
By BILL KANNEL and ERIC BLYTHE. In our May 24 entry on this topic, the Northern Mariana Islands Retirement Fund (the "Fund") was battling numerous challenges to its Chapter 11 eligibility. The dispute...


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So there's this guy going around grabbing TF art, printing them on T-shirts, then selling them. Source here.
To sum up, he's been stealing some pieces of work and was confronted by 2 people already (confirmed stolen art at the bottom). His reply was nothing short of "If other people can do it, I can do it too lol blocked."
So yeah. Stealing, selling, gloating. No one would want to let that slide. So share the first link (vid too if you want) and spread this around.
I've also noticed a few posts on the front page about free points. Those are clearly scams so don't bother clicking on them. Also, I know people tend to get angry at those kinds of spam and yeah, calling trolls out is a typical reaction but those aren't really trolls. They're bots. They don't read your comments. They don't reply. The only thing they do is spam and repeat. So trashtalking them is basically trashtalking a wall. You just look dumb. Just move on to whatever you came here to do.


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A father and son were arrested for possession of marijuana with intent to distribute following an investigation by the Hamilton and Egg harbor Township police departments.
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© 2016 Press of Atlantic City. All rights reserved. This material may not be published, broadcast, rewritten or redistributed.


text: As Pirates Often Do is a band straight out of Derby CT. Were 6 frineds who enjoy making music together and playing shows around the ct venues. Soon dropping their brand new EP. Dropping Sometime in February, make sure you add us on facebook and myspace, and Stay tuned for the release date on the Ep and for any upcoming shows!


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Eleventh Grade Burns #4
Eleventh Grade Burns #4
Chronicles of Vladimir Tod #4
Dutton Books for Young Readers, Hardcover, 9780525422433, 320pp.
Publication Date: February 9, 2010
List Price: $16.99*
* Individual store prices may vary.
Buy at Local Store
Enter your zip code below to purchase from an indie close to you.
Buy Here
Things have taken a darker turn for the half-human teenager with an appetite for blood. Joss, a vampire slayer and Vlad's former friend, has moved back to Bathory. A mysterious and powerful new vampire, Dorian, appears with a shocking secret and an overwhelming desire to drink Vlad's blood. And Vlad's arch enemy, D Ablo, has a sinister plan to eliminate Vlad once and for all. With death threatening from every angle, Vlad will have to use every ounce of his skill and training to survive, but nothing can prepare him for what awaits him in the end.
Watch a Video
Watch a Video
About the Author
Heather Brewer is the pseudonym for Zac Brewer, the New York Times bestselling author of The Chronicles of Vladimir Tod, which has sold more than 1.5 million copies around the world, as well as the spin-off series, The Slayer Chronicles. Zac is a vocal anti-bullying advocate and organized the "Less Than Three" conference for YA authors and teens to come together and speak about bullying issues. He lives in Bridgeton, Missouri, with his husband, daughter, and diabolical cats. His son, Jacob, is in the Air Force.


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The Tennessee Housing Development Agency plans to inspect at least a dozen apartment complexes in Memphis where federal subsidies pay tenants' rent.
THDA executive director Ralph Perrey said the agency's authority to make the inspections resumes in July. And the agency isn't saying which properties will be visited "so as not to ruin the surprise," Perrey said Wednesday, May 25, as he announced the resumption of the inspections.
The hottest seat in a room of hot seats in city government can be being director of the Memphis Animal Shelter.
You wouldn't think that from the job description, which seems pretty basic. Round up stray animals and put them up for adoption. But that's being overly simplistic because it begs a lot of questions about how many animals and what happens if you run out of space.
The receiver for the Warren and Tulane Apartments is in place with the notice filed in Memphis federal court last week that Foresite Realty Management LLC had accepted the job and that its bonding is in place.
For the second time this year, S&P Global Ratings has downgraded bonds used to support Global Ministries Foundation's apartment projects.
On May 3, S&P Global Ratings, formerly known as Standard & Poor's Ratings Services, lowered its investment rating on 23 multifamily bonds issued on behalf of GMF. S&P removed all 23 ratings from CreditWatch, where the bonds had been placed in February, with negative implications.
FedEx sets a date next week for its acquisition of TNT Express – a $4.8 billion deal that was approved by TNT shareholders Wednesday.
The Tulane and Warren apartments are under the control of a court-appointed receiver.
U.S. District Judge Jon P. McCalla appointed Foresite Realty Management LLC of Rosemont, Ill., as the receiver of the two properties Tuesday, May 17, by a consent order.
It was a dark and stormy night. Well, dark but not really stormy – a little rain which is more than enough to activate all kinds of television mayhem and warnings that make your iPhone rattle and hum.
The Tulane and Warren Apartments are under the control of a court-appointed receiver.
U.S. District Judge Jon P. McCalla appointed Foresite Realty Management LLC of Rosemont, Illinois as the receiver of the two properties Tuesday, May 17, by a consent order.
With a barbecue-filled weekend behind us, it's time to get this week started, Memphis! Here's our roundup of local happenings you need to know about, from the Memphis in May Triathlon (where you can work off that pork belly) to the city's first Palestine Festival (where, yes, there will be even more food).
More on the move by Bank of New York to have a receiver appointed for the Warren and Tulane Apartments currently owned by Global Ministries Foundation.
GMF CEO Rev. Richard Hamlet responded Wednesday to the filing in Memphis federal court saying he agrees that a receiver for the property is a good idea. But he doesn't agree – and in fact, strongly disagrees with the claims and reasoning behind the bank's call for the receiver.
The Bank of New York Mellon Trust Co. wants a federal judge to appoint a receiver for the Warren and Tulane Apartments owned by Global Ministries Foundation, citing "an appearance of fraud" by GMF in a memorandum filed with the call for a receiver.
Sometimes you think you know what is going on and then something happens like Chris Wallace, the general manager of the Memphis Grizzlies, grabbing a bite to eat Monday at Humdingers out east with former Grizz coach Lionel Hollins. Next thing you know there's another possibility for the next Grizz coach – a return engagement that would be exceedingly rare.
The Bank of New York Mellon Trust Co. wants a federal judge to appoint a receiver for the Warren and Tulane Apartments owned by Global Ministries Foundation citing "an appearance of fraud" by GMF in a memorandum filed with the call for a receiver.
The Tennessee Legislature hoped to end its 2016 session Wednesday at the end of an eventful day that included a failed attempt to override Gov. Bill Haslam's veto of the bill that would have made the Bible the official state book.But into Wednesday evening, the state House was still debating the Hall tax on dividends – specifically further roll backs of it. And the Senate had gone home for the night.So Thursday looks like a good bet for the adjournment for the year and the formal start of the election season for incumbents.
The city of Memphis entity that sold $12 million in municipal bonds on behalf of Global Ministries Foundation has been told it can no longer conduct such business.
The Tennessee Housing Development Agency has temporarily de-authorized the Health, Educational & Housing Facility Board of the city of Memphis to sell bonds. The decision is related to the withdrawal of federal subsidies going to Global Ministries Foundation's portfolio and a subsequent downgrading of those bonds as well as leadership changes at the Health & Ed Board.
The Tennessee Housing and Development Agency has temporarily de-authorized the Health, Educational and Housing Facility Board of the city of Memphis to sell bonds. The decision is related to the withdrawal of federal subsidies going to Global Ministries Foundation's portfolio and a subsequent downgrading of those bonds as well as leadership changes at the Health & Ed Board.
It's time for the city's battle against blight to move beyond the byzantine path of legal barriers, grant programs and other hurdles that have defined a slow-moving process so far.
The process is slow-moving even by the standards of local government, where time is often the last consideration.
This is what you might call D-Day in Nashville. The "D' in this case stands for deannexation.The bill to permit deannexation by referendum has in the course of two weeks become the city's dominant political issue.
Memphis City Council member Berlin Boyd summed up City Hall's attitude Tuesday, March 15, during the council's executive session. "Today is the day of bad news," he said after a briefing from Mayor Jim Strickland on the deannexation bill approved the night before by the Tennessee House. That was followed by more details on the estimated $60 million it will cost to replace the entire radio system for local first responders from the radios to the towers used to transmit their signals.
Memphis Mayor Jim Strickland is backing the plan by the Memphis Area Transit Authority to make some short-term adjustments to its route system later this year.
Memphis City Council members rejected a hotel with retail Tuesday, March 1, on the northeast corner of Jackson Avenue and Front Street, across from The Pyramid in the Pinch District, that was first proposed last year.
Can You Feel It? Tuesday is election day in Memphis and across the state in this presidential election year. And all indications are the turnout locally should be above the 24 percent mark we've been at in the last two presidential election years.
There is a move at City Hall to call for a delay in the relocation of tenants out of Warren and Tulane apartments, the two apartment complexes owned by Global Ministries Foundation, that have failed two federal inspections.
The Presidential primary caravan has arrived.Former President Bill Clinton was in Whitehaven Thursday evening to campaign for his wife, former Secretary of State and U.S. Senator Hillary Clinton.And it was a reminder of his political potency as well as his popularity in a city that went for Barack Obama over his wife in the 2008 Tennessee Presidential primary but which was solidly behind him in both of his successful bids for the White House in the 1990s.Clinton spoke in a packed Whitehaven High gymnasium to more than 700 people for almost an hour and then worked the crowd that gathered near the podium for another 25 minutes before sprinting out a door to a waiting car.We'll be busy this weekend with the opening of the local Bernie Sanders campaign headquarters and we're still waiting on that promised Donald Trump Memphis appearance.And we expect to encounter lots of Republican presidential partisans at the local GOP's annual Lincoln Day Gala on the 20th.
The end of federal rent subsidies at two Memphis apartment complexes with a recent history of code violations will create some larger issues for the surrounding communities.
Those larger changes begin to unfold next week as federal officials meet with residents at each of the apartment complexes to talk about their move out of the aging complexes.
Post Super Bowl edition of Last Word: Broncos 24 – Panthers 10 – Lady Gaga's National Anthem kudos – Coldplay/Bruno Mars/Beyonce ambitious halftime extravaganza got lost in spots by bad sound.
Federal housing officials have ended subsidies at the Warren and Tulane apartments in Memphis.
And Global Ministries Foundation reacted to the Friday, Feb. 5, notice by saying it is preparing for those residents to move out of the complexes and looking for a new owner for both properties.
Several Memphis apartment complexes with long records of neglect and crime issues are the targets of a renewed political and bureaucratic push to improve conditions.
The efforts are a new front in the recent city movement to tackle Memphis' blight problem. And it's a front that invites skepticism.
Global Ministries Foundation founder Richard Hamlet has a multi-million dollar recapitalization plan to make extensive renovations at three inner-city apartment complexes his company owns.
After a tour last week of three apartment complexes owned by Global Ministries Foundation, Shelby County Commissioners vote Monday. Oct. 12, on a resolution that asks GMF to show what it is doing to improve conditions at Goodwill Village Apartments, Tulane Apartments and Warren Apartments.
Shelby County Commissioners vote Monday, Aug. 24, on hiring an attorney to be the body's special counsel in a statewide education funding lawsuit.
The commission specifically votes on hiring the law firm of Lewis Brisbois Bisgaard and Smith LLP to represent and advise it "on adequate and equitable school funding from the state of Tennessee."
A month after 40 units at the Goodwill Village and Warren Apartments were declared unfit by federal housing officials, the units have been repaired and the residents moved back in.
The owner of Goodwill Village and several other inner city apartment complexes that have drawn the attention of city code enforcement inspectors apologized Friday, April 24, for their long-standing conditions and vowed to correct them.
When a group of elected leaders gathered a week ago at Goodwill Village apartments in North Memphis, they came to convey some sense of urgency about deteriorating conditions at the 47-year-old federally subsidized apartment complex.
500 Pine LakeMemphis, TN 38134Permit Cost: $25 million
Project Cost: $52 millionPermit Date: Applied May 2014Completion: June 2016Owner: Shelby Farms Park ConservancyTenant: Shelby Farms Park ConservancyArchitect: james corner field operationsContractor: Montgomery Martin Contractors LLCDetails: The Shelby Farms Park Conservancy has filed a $25 million permit with the city-county Office of Construction Code Enforcement to expand Patriot Lake.
Warren Price started South Memphis Fence Co. Inc. in the mid-1970s "out of need" – personal need.
He and his wife had just moved into their first home in 1974 and wanted to replace the 4-foot chain link fence with a wooden privacy fence. But they didn't like the $2,700 to $3,000 price estimates they received. So Price and some friends got a good price on some lumber in Jackson, Tenn., rented a table saw from Dixie Rents and put up a wooden fence that came in at $800 to $900.
Memphis City Council members get their first public detailed look Tuesday, Feb. 4, of an "urban renewal" plan for the Raleigh Springs Mall.
The council meets at 3:30 p.m. at City Hall, 125 N. Main St. Follow the meeting @tdnpols, www.twitter.com/tdnpols.
In 2008, Memphis-based Makowsky Ringel Greenberg LLC developed The Shops of Angelos Grove retail center in Marion, Ark.
Vacant LandNear Shelby Forest ParkSale Amount: $2.3 million
Sale Date: Nov. 17, 2011Buyer: Warren Nickolas NunnSeller: Estate of William S. Howard Sr.Loan Amount: $2.5 millionLoan Date: Nov. 18, 2011Maturity Date: n/aLender: Patriot BankDetails: Warren Nickolas Nunn has bought several large parcels of vacant land from the estate of William S. Howard Sr. for $2.3 million, financing it with a $2.5 million loan through Patriot Bank.
2665 Fite RoadMemphis, TN 38127Permit Amount: $1.3 million
Permit Date: Applied July 2011
A first-run foreclosure notice has been filed against the Exchange Building in Downtown Memphis. The notice appears in the Thursday, June 30, print edition of The Daily News and also at The Daily News Online, www.memphisdailynews.com.
3152 Hacks Cross Road and 3168 Hacks Cross Road Permit Amounts: $1.4 million (3152 Hacks Cross); $1.6 million (3168 Hacks Cross)
Entities affiliated with Cordova faith-based nonprofit organization Global Ministries Fellowship have bought three Memphis apartment complexes this month.
GMF-Warren/Tulane LLC has bought the Warren Apartments complex (1340 Clementine Road) and Tulane Apartments complex (4717-4787 Tulane Road) for a combined $9.5 million from a trio of Rapid City, S.D.-based entities. Meanwhile, GMF-Madison Tower LLC bought Wesley Madison Towers (381-383 Madison Ave.) from Seattle-based Wesley Madison Towers Limited for $2.7 million.
11481 Gulf Stream Ave.Arlington, TN 38002Permit Amount: $2.2 Million
Project Cost: N/APermit Date: Applied May 2010Completion: N/AOwner: Wright Medical Group Inc.Tenant: Wright Medical Group Inc.Contractor: N/AArchitect: N/A
The Warren and Tulane apartment complexes sold April 30 for a combined $4.4 million. A trio of Rapid City, S.D.-based entities – Warren Apartments LLC, Tulane Apartments I LLC and Tulane Apartments II LLC – bought the properties.
In what has become a common theme in the multifamily industry, another pair of large apartment complexes will be sold on the courthouse steps.
The Waterford Pointe Apartments at 5045 Airways Blvd. in Whitehaven and the Carrington Manor Apartments at 4805 Winchester Road in Oakhaven have been foreclosed, according to a first-run notice in today's print edition of The Daily News and also at The Daily News Online, www.memphisdailynews.com.
Because loan defaults are a common occurrence in this difficult financial climate, last week's news that the 306-unit Preserve at Southwind Apartments had been foreclosed could easily be chalked up to a case of "another one bites the dust."
The Highland strip is growing a skyline. The Stratum on Highland Street, a five-story apartment complex, was the first new structure west of the University of Memphis to sprout last August on the storied commercial strip itself.
Hope and despair have co-existed for a long time along the stretch of Poplar Avenue between Danny Thomas Boulevard and Decatur Street. And for the past two years, the area has seen more change than just about any other inner-city avenue in Memphis.
Shelby County's commercial lending landscape remained bleak in April as activity fell for the fifth time in the past six months.
Just 24 commercial loans were made last month, a 36.8 percent decline from 38 loans in April 2008 and a 22.6 percent decline from 31 loans in March, according to the latest data from real estate information company Chandler Reports, www.chandlerreports.com. (Data for this report include only commercial mortgages taken at the time of sale and not refinancings.)
Winchester, Riverdale Land
Financed for $27.5 Million
Michael A. Lightman Sr. has financed 38.78 acres near Winchester and Riverdale roads for $27.5 million, according to The Daily News Public Records Database, ww...
Kohner Refinances The Villages at Harrison Creek
3855 Jackson Ave.
Memphis, TN 38128
Cost: $7.3 million
Borrower: Harrison Creek LLC
Lender: Mortgage Electronic Registration Systems ...
Construction Set to Begin on Kress Building
Three parcels
near Main Street
Cost: $4 million
Borrower: THG Main LLC
Lender: First Tennessee Bank NA
Trustee: Thomas F. Baker IV
Copyright 1995 -
by The Daily News Publishing Co. Inc. - All Rights Reserved


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By KAREN W. ARENSON
Published: June 1, 1996
New rules introduced by the Giuliani administration that require all welfare recipients to work have led thousands of students and would-be students to drop out of college or not enroll, according to officials at the City University of New York.
The decline in enrollment is significant, CUNY officials say, because studies show that college gives people on welfare a good chance to get better jobs at higher pay. City officials say that job experience is more important.
At CUNY, which has more students on welfare than any other college or university in the state, the number of those students has already dropped 17 percent from 27,000 a year ago. About 22,000 of CUNY's 206,500 students -- more than 11 percent -- are on welfare.
Although the officials acknowledge that students might be dropping out for other reasons, like rising tuition and shrinking financial aid, they say the vast majority have left because of the welfare restrictions and point out that total enrollment has fallen only 3 percent in the last year.
In addition, CUNY officials say they are seeing sharp declines in the number of students on welfare registering for the fall semester.
Sergio Hernandez, president of the Bronx Community College student government, is one of those who is dropping out. Mr. Hernandez, who has been studying to be a nuclear medicine technician, said he tried to mesh workfare and education but said the workfare assignments conflicted with many of his classes.
"Now I'm dropping out of school and looking for employment," he said. "I'm hurting because I feel the education and the chance to get into this field would have given me a chance to survive in the real world."
W. Ann Reynolds, the CUNY Chancellor, voiced similar concerns this week. "A college education is the surest way off welfare and to a successful life," she said.
But New York City officials say that holding any job -- like the street-sweeping and park-cleaning positions that they assign to welfare recipients -- might be the surest way out of welfare. Some recent studies support that argument.
"We think this is the best way to get people off welfare," said Marva L. Hammons, Commissioner of Human Resources for New York City. "The work experience program is designed to help give people experience that will help sell them to employers."
She added that the work requirement is not meant to keep welfare recipients from attending college, because many people find a way to go to college and work. And she questioned whether the declines are a result of the new work requirements. She suggested that a better economy, more job opportunities and other factors could also be responsible.
But CUNY officials and others say that such a sharp decline can be explained only by the new work rules.
"That is just not a credible argument," said City Councilman Stephen DiBrienza, a Democrat from Brooklyn and chairman of the Council's General Welfare Committee. "There is no question that there is a connection between the new work requirement and the declining enrollments," he said.
Mr. Hernandez, 39, says he knows the disappointment that awaits those like him who try to get decent jobs without anything more than a high school diploma. He was in the United States Marine Corps for five years but left in 1980 after he injured his shoulder. He said he tried to get jobs with the Police, Correction and Sanitation Departments but was told that the injury disqualified him.
Instead, he has held a string of jobs that have evaporated under him. A job training program on Wall Street ended with the 1987 stock market crash. An investigative job ended when the lawyer he worked for joined another firm. A job as a store detective ended when the store was doing poorly. The list goes on.
"Some people on welfare don't really care," he said. "But me, I was always up ahead. I just wanted to get an education and a good job."
Mr. Hernandez was part of the first phase of workfare, which started last fall. At that time the Giuliani administration announced that able-bodied single people without children, who receive money under the state's Home Relief program, would be required to work 26 hours a week. The city assigns jobs ranging from picking up litter in parks to cleaning up the Staten Island Ferry. The number of students on Home Relief at CUNY has fallen to 5,169 this semester, from 10,512 a year ago. Only 300 Home Relief recipients have enrolled at CUNY as freshmen or transfer students for the fall, down from about 3,000 in previous years.
The second phase of the workfare program began in April, as New York City started requiring people who receive money under the Federal welfare program, Aid to Families With Dependent Children, to work at least 20 hours a week or lose public assistance for themselves and their children. Only about 8,000 of the city's approximately 320,000 adult A.F.D.C. recipients have been placed in workfare jobs so far, Ms. Hammons said.
In addition to instituting the new work rules, New York City has tightened regulations that affect students on welfare. For instance, the city provides child-care support and travel money for about 7,500 students on welfare. But under its new regulations, the Giuliani administration is also limiting the support it will provide to two years, rather than three.


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McDonald's: Monopoly free parking promotion
Advertising Agency: Cossette, Vancouver, Canada
Client: McDonald's Restaurants of Canada
Creative Directors: Rob Sweetman, Bryan Collins
Art Director: Scott Schneider
Copywriter: Jeff Shorkey
Published:January 2010
13 comments
alexander_bickovJan 07, 2010 - 2:17
Jaap GrollemanJan 07, 2010 - 3:49
Oke they had this small idea, doesn't have to make it this big.
bknowldenJan 07, 2010 - 11:36
I disagree, not as glamourous as a lot of work, but this is a solid idea.
sirvanJan 07, 2010 - 10:02
The only thing that strikes me is the EFFORT they probably had to put in for people to realize that yes, this is, in fact FREE parking. The Monopoly symbols have been used in advertisements by McDs for years, it's very easy to dismiss these signs as just another ad.
"I love some things, and don't love some other things."


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iHerb Customer Reviews
Savings of: $2.00 (25% off)
Sorry, this product is no longer in stock.
works , but hard to handle
Posted by Reviewer1757567 on Sep 11, 2010
This si very clumpy and its hard to use on hair. I would use this for just subtle touches of color. It took out my blonde and red hues in my hair and gave it a shade darker color. very effective when you apply to the roots, but not so much when youre applying to the length of hair. I would suggest those who want natural root touchups on their already dyed hair should use this
like it
Posted by Reviewer3136381 on Jul 12, 2011
I like it. I`m using it ~7 monthes already.Before I was colouring with chemical colours, but lately I noticed that my hear became thinner, looked unhealthy and colour even at once after colouring wasn`t shining anymore. Then I understood that I have to do something. And now I think I won`t use chemical colours anymore. Now I cant find line of my previous colour. I have dark brown hair and Im colouring something similar, but my hear look wonderful and shiny. Offcorse it stays not very long - ~10 washes and is a little bit messy colouring process, but second time of colouring I`ve learned to manage easy. And I really really love that it is natural and it`s even reccomended to colour it often, so I have no worries about my health.
Posted by 4724157641566165722 on Dec 16, 2015
I left this on two hours because the time on the package wasn't enough to set the henna.
from Ukraine
Posted by FataMorgana on Sep 06, 2011
It is a mixture of henna and indigo. On my hair has turned a cold brown. Banks have enough for 3 servings.
Nice color, doesn't stick around
Posted by Reviewer1359500 on Jan 21, 2009
This is a great color, a deep chocolate brown that I've been looking for. I wanted this to cover my old henna and blend in with my dark brown roots, which it did nicely. It claims to fade gradually, which it does, sadly. I had heard reports from other users that it's highly permanent and the color will stick around, which is actually what I hoped for. Perhaps second time will be the charm. I really just want my hair to be all one color so I can grow it out and not have to worry about it. Nice product, simple to use, simply add hot water to make a paste and apply. A little gritty to rinse out, but the best way to do it is to soak in a tub to loosen it and then use GOBS of cheap conditioner to massage it out. I use about 1/2 a bottle to rinse out henna mud. Leaves your hair soft and shiny. Good old henna.
Looks good
Posted by 5165487614984735167 on Jun 13, 2013
Came in mail as promised. Haven't tried it yet.
Dark rich color Henna sable brown.
Posted by 5127837062083668988 on Feb 18, 2016
Easy to use. I am having gray temples stay covered. I read somewhere to add cider vinegar and it did help with coverage. Minimal ordor from Henna. Overall very good product would order again.
muy efectivo
Posted by 5285366806560444196 on Sep 03, 2014
color marrón muy bonito y con la mezcla de café la henna se fija mucho. Me ha gustado
Non irritant
Posted by Reviewer1587036 on Nov 26, 2014
This is the only product I can use without causing irritation on my scalp. The only drawback, the colour doesn't last, I have to reapply every week.
Good product
Posted by 4620556824135233621 on Dec 01, 2014
Gives nice med-brown tone, but not too deep. Provides rather care then colour.


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Ibis #6 at the Langosta Beach Club
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Individuals with body dysmorphic disorder (BDD) are preoccupied with perceived physical defects or flaws, often facial features, which may be due to distorted perception. Previous studies have demonstrated abnormalities in visual processing of faces and figures, and misinterpretations of emotional expressions. The objective of this study was to determine in BDD how viewing faces with emotional expressions affects perception on an identity-matching task. Twelve BDD subjects and eleven healthy controls matched identities of faces with emotional expressions, neutral-expressions, and a control task of ovals and circles. The BDD group made twice as many errors relative to controls for identity-matching of faces with emotional expressions but not for neutral faces or ovals/circles. Mean reaction times were slower for the BDD relative to the control group for emotional faces in general, but there was no effect of specific emotion type. These data suggest that individuals with BDD have abnormalities in facial identification for faces with emotional expressions. This could reflect fundamental abnormalities in visual information processing that are more pronounced for emotional expressions in general, and may relate to their perceptual disturbances.
Body dysmorphic disorder (BDD) is a severe psychiatric condition in which patients are preoccupied with perceived defects in their appearance, resulting in significant suffering and functional impairment (American Psychiatric Association. 2000). BDD affects 1–2% of the population (Mayville et al. 1999; Otto et al. 2001; Rief et al. 2006), yet is vastly under recognized and under studied. Individuals with BDD tend to be self-conscious of what they perceive to be defective, which is often a facial feature (Phillips 2005). They also frequently have ideas of reference, believing others are staring at them and judging them negatively because of their appearance (American Psychiatric Association. 2000). They subsequently tend to engage in compulsive and avoidant behaviors such as mirror-checking, covering up with makeup or clothing, or avoiding social situations. BDD can cause significant impairment in social and occupational functioning and can lead to severe depression, hospitalization, suicide attempts, and high rates of cosmetic surgery (Phillips et al. 1993; Ishigooka et al. 1998; Sarwer et al. 1998; Aouizerate et al. 2003; Phillips et al. 2005; Phillips et al. 2005).
Previous studies have indicated that individuals with BDD have abnormalities in processing of faces with emotional expressions. Buhlmann et al. (2004) found that individuals with BDD had difficulty interpreting facial expressions, more often misidentifying faces as being angry than the obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) group and healthy controls (Buhlmann et al. 2004). However, there were no differences in general facial feature recognition accuracy for neutral-expression faces. A more recent study by the same researchers found that BDD subjects had difficulty identifying emotional expressions in self-referent scenarios (i.e. they were told to imagine that the person in the photograph that they were viewing was someone who was looking specifically at them). In these situations, they more often interpreted neutral expressions as angry or contemptuous as compared to controls (Buhlmann et al. 2006). In addition, they more often interpreted neutral emotional expressions as contemptuous in self-referent scenarios as compared to other-referent scenarios (i.e. that the person in the photograph was looking at someone else). These studies suggest an abnormality in emotional face processing in BDD that may be related to recognition biases and/or misinterpretation of faces that are perceived as contemptuous or otherwise negative. This, in turn, may contribute to their poor insight and frequent ideas of reference if they believe that these negative emotional expressions are others' reactions to them. Whether these recognition biases or misinterpretations are the result of abnormalities in visual processing is not clear.
There is also evidence of abnormal processing of faces with neutral expressions. A recent fMRI study using neutral faces as stimuli found greater left-hemisphere activity in the BDD group relative to healthy controls in an extended visual processing network (Feusner et al. 2007). This suggests greater detail and analytic processing relative to holistic and configural processing, as other studies have shown that the left hemisphere predominates for local (or analytic) processing while the right hemisphere dominates for global (or holistic) processing (Bradshaw et al. 1976; Van Kleeck 1989; Evans et al. 2000). The nature of these abnormalities was similar to what was discovered in a previous neuropsychological test using the Rey-Osterreith Complex Figure Test, in which individuals with BDD overly relied on details to reproduce the figure, as the expense of more global and configural aspects (Deckersbach et al. 2000).
Given these previous findings and the clinical relevance in BDD of face processing, we investigated visual processing of faces with emotional expressions. The objective of this study was to determine how viewing faces with emotional expressions affects perception in BDD (as opposed to interpretation of emotions) on a novel identity-matching task. We designed the experiment with two groups, BDD and healthy controls, and three different stimuli conditions: emotional faces, neutral faces, and ovals/circles. This allowed us to compare performance both between and within groups on an emotional face task vs. a neutral face task vs. a (non-face) control task of ovals and circles. We hypothesized that compared to controls, individuals with BDD would have abnormalities in identity-matching of faces with emotional expressions as reflected in slower reaction times and a higher error rate, but there would be no significant differences for the neutral expression faces or for ovals/circles.
The UCLA Institutional Review Board approved the protocol for the study. We obtained informed consent of the participants after fully explaining the nature of the procedures. We enrolled 12 patients with BDD and 11 healthy controls between the ages of 18 and 64, recruited from the community. The BDD group and controls were matched by gender, age, and level of education. All BDD subjects met the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual (DSM-IV) criteria for Body Dysmorphic Disorder, using the Body Dysmorphic Disorder Module (Phillips et al. 1995), a reliable diagnostic module modeled after the Structured Clinical Interview for DSM. In addition to this module, we performed a clinical psychiatric evaluation on all participants and administered the Mini International Neuropsychiatric Inventory (MINI) (Sheehan et al. 1998) to screen for comorbid diagnoses. All BDD subjects were required to have a Body Dysmorphic Disorder version of the Yale-Brown Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder Scale (BDD-YBOCS) score of ≥20. The BDD-YBOCS is a validated scale that is widely-used to evaluate symptom severity in BDD (Phillips et al. 1997). We allowed subjects with delusional beliefs.
Exclusion criteria for subjects and controls included: active substance abuse, current neurological disorder, pregnancy, and any current medical disorder that might affect cerebral metabolism. We excluded subjects with any concurrent Axis I disorder besides dysthymia, major depressive disorder (MDD), or generalized anxiety disorder (GAD). As depression and anxiety are so frequently comorbid in this population, we believed it would not be a representative sample to exclude these. However, we excluded other frequently-occurring comorbid disorders such as social phobia because we anticipated these would have more overlap in primary symptoms having to do with face processing; self-consciousness in social situations and sensitivity to others' facial expressions are commonly shared experiences (Wilhelm et al. 1997; Phillips et al. 1998 ; Stein et al. 2002). BDD symptoms had to be the primary concern in every subject, as determined during the initial clinical psychiatric evaluation and from relative severity on the BDD-YBOCS, Hamilton Anxiety Scale (HAM-A) (Hamilton 1969), and the 17-item Hamilton Depression Rating Scale (HAM-D) (Hamilton 1960). We excluded subjects with a HAM-D score >20, to minimize the effect of more severe depressive states on the outcomes, and subjects whom the investigator judged were at current risk of suicide. The MINI, BDD-YBOCS, HAM-D, and HAM-A were administered to all subjects.
All participants were free from psychoactive medications for at least three weeks prior to entering the study, and free of fluoxetine hydrochloride for at least five weeks. Subjects were not receiving any cognitive-behavioral therapy. All participants had normal or corrected vision.
We created a novel emotional face identity-matching task, comprised of 32 sets of digitized photographs: 6 happy, 6 sad, 6 angry, 6 disgusted, 6 fearful, and 2 surprised (Macbrain database (Tottenham et al. 2002), UPenn Facial Emotional Stimuli (Gur et al. 2001)) (see Fig. 1). Each emotional target face was presented with two neutral-expression selection faces: one of the same person and one of a different person (see Fig. 2). The stimuli for the neutral face task were similarly arranged, except all faces had neutral expressions. Stimuli for the non-face control task consisted of ovals and circles, approximately the same size as the faces.
We used MacStim 3.0 software (White Ant Occasional Publishing, West Melbourne, Australia) to present each set of 3 faces for 4 seconds, with a 1 second interstimulus interval. Subjects were told "please select one of the two selection faces or shapes that is the same person or shape as the target, regardless of the emotional expression, by pressing the 1 or 2 button on the keyboard. Please make your selection both as rapidly and as accurately as possible." MacStim recorded the reaction times (RTs) and responses. Subjects first completed a run of the matching task for emotional faces, in which the different emotional expressions were randomly interspersed. This was followed by a run of the matching task for neutral faces interspersed with the control task of matching ovals and circles. There were 32 trials total for each of the emotional faces, neutral faces, and ovals/circles. For the emotional faces, there were 6 trials each for the angry, sad, happy, fearful, and disgust faces and 2 for the surprise faces. Subjects rated their task-related anxiety on a Likert scale of 0–10 (10 representing the highest anxiety) after the emotional faces task and after the combined neutral faces and ovals/circles tasks.
Due to the skewness of the raw RT data, we log-transformed the values for all the analyses, which yielded a more normal distribution. We analyzed the RT data using mixed-effects ANOVA, modeling subject effects as random effects nested within groups. For pair-wise comparisons, we performed post hoc Bonferroni-corrected t-tests, two-tailed. We also performed a post hoc analysis of specific emotion type (happy, sad, angry, disgusted, fearful, and surprised) by group, again using mixed-effects ANOVA. We analyzed error rates using a log-linear model (rather than Fisher's exact test or χ2), which is a multivariate extension given that the dependent and independent variables were categorical and there were more than two variables, and that distribution of error rate is non-normal.
There were no significant differences between the BDD and control group in age (32±9 and 32±9.3, respectively; t=−0.03, P=0.98), gender (9 females/3 males and 9 females/2 males respectively; Fisher's exact test, P=0.54), or level of education (15.6±2.7 years and 15.9±1.5 years, respectively; t=−0.35, P=0.73). The BDD group included three individuals with comorbid MDD, one with dysthymic disorder, two with GAD, and one with GAD and MDD. The BDD symptoms were the primary concern in every subject. Typical of this population, 11 subjects had preoccupations with perceived facial defects and one had a preoccupation with a perceived misshapen chest. Of the 11 with facial concerns, six had concerns solely about facial features and five had face and non-face concerns. The average BDD-YBOCS score in the BDD group was 30.7±5.5, the average HAM-A score was 11.50±8.52, and the average HAM-D score was 9.42±6.24.
Anxiety levels during the task were not significantly different between BDD and control groups during the emotional faces task (3.67±2.46 and 2.5±1.72, respectively, P=0.22) and the neutral faces and ovals/circles tasks (3.45±2.38 and 4.0±1.73, respectively, P=0.55).
To understand the effects of viewing emotional faces on accuracy of facial identification, we compared error rates between BDD subjects and healthy controls. Error rates for identifying faces with emotional expressions were 5.21% vs. 2.56%; neutral faces 0.27% vs. 0.28%; and for ovals and circles 1.36% vs. 0.85% for the BDD group and the healthy controls, respectively (Fig. 3). There was a significant effect of group (χ2 =4.23, df =1, P=0.04), stimulus type (χ2 =12.98, df=2, P<0.01) and group by stimulus type interaction (χ2 =19.27, df=2, P<0.01) on error rates. Post hoc χ2 tests determined there was a significant difference between groups for emotional faces (χ2=21.5, df=1, P<0.01), but not for neutral faces (χ2=1.05, df=1, P=0.30) or ovals/circles (χ2=1.2, df =1, P=0.27).
To determine whether individuals with BDD differed from controls in their speed of identifying faces with emotional expressions, neutral faces, and ovals/circles, we performed a mixed-effects ANOVA with diagnosis (BDD or healthy control) as the between-group factor and stimulus type (emotional face, neutral face, or oval/circles) as the within-group factor. There was no significant main effect of group on RT (F=1.68; df=1,21; P=0.21). There was a significant main effect of stimulus type (F=901.05; df=2,2149; P<0.01), with slower RT for emotional faces relative to neutral faces (t=32.5, P<0.01). RT for neutral faces in turn was significantly slower than for oval/circles (t=9.5, P<0.01). Notably, there was a significant interaction between group and stimulus type (F=5.08; df=2,2149; P<0.01) (Figure 4). Post hoc ANOVAs revealed significant differences between groups for emotional faces (F=53.51; df=1,2168; P<0.01) and neutral faces (F=8.261; df=1,2168; P<0.01), with slower RT for the BDD group, but not ovals/circles (F=3.43; df=1,2168; P=0.06). The effect sizes (Cohen's d) for each stimulus type are as follows: emotional faces 0.54; neutral faces 0.22; ovals/circles 0.14.
In order to determine the effect of specific emotion type on the speed of face identification, we again performed a mixed effects ANOVA with diagnosis (BDD or healthy control) as the between-group factor and specific emotion type (happy, sad, angry, disgusted, fearful, or surprised) as the within-group factor. There was a significant main effect of specific type of emotion (F=6.3; df=5,702; P<0.01) and group(F=4.3; df=1,20; P=0.05), but no group by emotion interaction (F=0.698; df=5,702; P=0.625) (Fig. 5). We performed all pair-wise post-hoc t-tests for specific emotion type, Bonferroni-corrected. There were no significant differences between groups for individual emotion types. Comparisons between the mean RTs of the different types of emotions showed that RTs across all participants for surprised, fearful, and disgusted faces were not significantly different from each other, but were significantly different (slower) than participants' RTs for happy, angry, and sad faces (all p values <0.05). In turn, participants' RTs for happy, angry, and sad faces were not significantly different from each other.
This study confirmed the hypothesis that individuals with BDD are slower and less accurate than controls at identity-matching of faces with emotional expressions. The BDD group had more than twice the error rate for the matching task with emotional faces compared to the healthy controls. The BDD group showed the greatest difference in reaction time from healthy controls for emotional faces, followed by neutral faces and then ovals/circles. However, there was no differential effect on the BDD group of any specific emotion type. In total, these data suggest that individuals with BDD have abnormalities in the speed and accuracy of processing faces with emotional expressions. This builds on findings from previous studies of abnormal interpretation of emotions (Buhlmann et al. 2004; Buhlmann et al. 2006), to suggest that there may be more fundamental abnormalities for perception of faces with emotional expressions.
These results may be explained in that the matching condition for emotional faces differed from the matching condition for neutral faces on several dimensions that may have affected performance for the BDD subjects. Although the faces had emotional expressions, the explicit task was not to interpret the expression but to match the face with the neutral face of the same person. For the neutral face task, correct choices were identical. The emotional face task, however, required processing of facial features to match the emotional face to the neutral face. This identification process normally involves visual analysis of both details and configural aspects of faces whereas matching neutral faces could be accomplished either by matching configural information (Vuilleumier et al. 2003) or by matching one or more details. Previous neuropsychological testing demonstrated that on a visuospatial task individuals with BDD they tend to focus on isolated details rather than larger, global organizational features (Deckersbach et al. 2000). In addition, a recent functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) study demonstrated greater left-hemisphere activity in BDD compared to a control group while matching identities of others' neutral-expression faces (Feusner et al. 2007). Although further research is needed to verify this, one possibility is that this finding in BDD may be associated with an imbalance in detailed vs. holistic processing. If BDD subjects overly rely on details for processing emotional faces as well, this slower strategy (Peyrin et al. 2006) may account for delayed reaction times relative to controls. It may also prove to be less accurate, at least within the limited stimulus presentation timeframe in this experiment of 4 seconds. These possible explanations remain to be tested directly. However, the fact that we did not find a significant group by stimulus effect for the different types of emotion supports a face-processing deficit that occurs for faces with emotional expressions in general, rather than an influence of emotion per se, for which we would expect a differential influence on the BDD group depending on the valence of emotion.
Concerning facial processing in general, less is known in BDD compared to social phobia. However, the two disorders share many clinical features including fears of negative evaluation, rejection, ridicule by others (Wilhelm et al. 1997; Phillips et al. 1998), and ideas of reference (American Psychiatric Association. 2000). Several studies of social phobia have demonstrated abnormalities in the processing of emotional faces (Simonian et al. 2001 ; Horley et al. 2004; Juth et al. 2005). In a study of children with social phobia, Simonian et al., found impaired explicit recognition of facial affect that included happy, disgusted, and angry faces (Simonian et al. 2001). Juth, et al. (2005) studied the relationship of facial emotional expression and social anxiety in both healthy and social phobia subjects (Juth et al. 2005). In individuals with or without social anxiety, the processing of faces with fearful or angry expressions was slower and less accurate than for happy faces. In addition, individuals with a diagnosis of social phobia were less accurate than healthy controls in facial identification for fearful and happy averted target faces. Although the explicit task was different, we found similar results of lower accuracy of facial identification in the BDD group for emotional faces. One difference in our study, the significance of which is unclear, is that mean RT for angry faces was not significantly different than for happy faces.
There are other possibilities as to why the BDD group had slower responses to faces with emotional expressions during the matching task. The mean RT for the BDD group relative to the controls progressively diverged from non-face objects (ovals and circles) to neutral faces, to emotional faces (Fig. 4). This could indicate that the degree of general salience of the stimuli corresponded with progressively slower RT. This occurred for both groups, although it was more pronounced for the BDD group. Several studies have shown that the processing of threat-related information is highly prioritized and may occur automatically, even when the threat is not explicitly attended (Morris et al. 1998; Whalen et al. 1998; Vuilleumier and Schwartz 2001). In a study of selective processing of threatening information Buhlmann, et al. (2002) demonstrated that individuals with BDD were more easily distracted than controls by emotional cues in general and most distracted by words related to their disorder, such as "disfigured" or "pretty" (Buhlmann et al. 2002). Thus, feature processing in the BDD group may also be more susceptible to distraction from the presentation of emotional faces, resulting in slower RTs and more errors. Yet if this were the case, we would expect to see proportionally slower RTs in the BDD group for the more threatening faces (angry, disgusted, or fearful), which we did not observe.
An additional factor that may have influenced processing time for emotional faces is failure in inhibition. To respond quickly and accurately to match emotional faces they must attend to the facial identity while implicitly inhibiting attention to the emotional valence. Maxwell, et al., (2005) demonstrated in healthy controls that the presentation of task-irrelevant emotional faces (angry and happy) resulted in more inhibitory errors relative to the presentation of neutral faces on an explicit go/no-go task (Maxwell et al. 2005). Other studies have also shown that the perception of emotional stimuli is able to bias competing information processing schemes (Pessoa et al. 2002; Bishop et al. 2004). Similar inhibitory errors from emotional faces in the current study could account for the higher error rates on the matching task for both groups, relative to the neutral faces and ovals/circles. The fact that the BDD group had approximately twice the error rate for the emotional faces suggests that they may have a more marked failure in inhibition than healthy controls.
Another possible explanation for the differences between groups could be related to the complexity of the visual task, and not specifically to face processing. The observation that error rates were greater in the BDD group for emotional faces than neutral faces and non-face objects (ovals and circles) could be due to the fact that the emotional faces task was a more difficult task. Unlike the other two tasks, it did not just involve matching of identical visual constructs. However, Buhlmann et al. (2004) in a previous study of face processing tested subjects with BDD using the Short Form of the Benton Facial Recognition task (Buhlmann et al. 2004). This tests facial identity matching using neutral-expression target faces that are the same individuals' face yet presented at a different angle, and was therefore more difficult than the matching task in the current study. In this study individuals with BDD did not perform significantly differently than controls (mean scores of 23.7±2.5 and 23.3±2.7, respectively). This suggests that the differences seen in the current study may not just be a reflection of the task difficulty. Nevertheless, future studies will still be useful to clarify whether these differences are specific for faces as opposed to other types of complex visual stimuli.
Regardless of the cause, aberrant processing of others' faces may contribute to the symptomatology in BDD. Abnormal perception of faces with emotional expressions could contribute to misinterpretation of emotions and subsequently lead to ideas of reference in which they believe others are regarding them in a contemptuous or threatening manner. As they are usually concerned about others' judgments of their appearance, this could result in significant distress. If, in fact, the basis of abnormal emotional face processing is aberrant feature processing and this occurs for their own face as well, this could be an important factor in their apparent perceptual distortions of their own appearance.
One of the limitations of the current study is that we do not know the subjects' interpretation of each emotional expression, as this was not an explicit part of the task. It is therefore unclear if misinterpretation accounted for differences in performance. Similarly, we did not have subjects rate the aversiveness of faces. Although anxiety levels were not significantly different between groups during the task as a whole, we do not know if there were differences in emotional arousal for specific faces. The fact that our face database only included 2 surprised stimuli, as opposed to 6 for the other emotions, was also a limitation.
Another limitation of this study is the small sample size. This may have limited the power of detection of differences between groups, particularly for the individual emotional expressions. It also limited our ability to analyze the effects of comorbid MDD and GAD diagnoses on RTs and accuracy rates. Future, larger studies that address these variables could provide useful information to further understand the basis of delayed reaction times and higher error rates.
This study's findings of abnormalities in processing of emotional faces in BDD may reflect fundamental differences in the nature of their visual information processing, or may suggest a specific problem in processing of emotional information conveyed by faces. Thus, the perceptual abnormalities seen in BDD may not be specific to misperception of their own faces but may reflect a more fundamental problem in human face perception. Future studies are needed to elucidate the specific causes of aberrant face processing in BDD.
This study was funded by grant T32 MH17140 from the National Institute of Mental Health (Dr. Feusner) and a grant from the Saban Family Foundation
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