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BR - candle-holder
Candle Holder
Paloma CandleholderReg $299.00 Now $109.00
Quick ViewPaloma CandleholderReg $299.00 Now $109.00Eye-catching, hand-forged metal candleholder with an aged black finish. Vertically oriented design has two rows of three candle cups. Makes a dramatic sculptural statement even when the candles aren't lit. Requires six 3" x 4" pillar candles, not included. Works with our 3" x 4" Flameless Candles, sold separately. Whether the candles are lit or not, our Paloma Candleholder is an extraordinary work of art. Its hand-forged metal frame has calming symmetry, and an unusually ...
Metal Leaf Two-Candle HolderReg $55.00 Now $39.00
Quick ViewMetal Leaf Two-Candle HolderReg $55.00 Now $39.00Metal candle holders in the shape of black twigs and copper-colored lotus leaves. Handmade design is intended for tabletop use. Chose 2- or 3-candle holder. Works with our 3" x 4" Flameless Candles, sold separately. Create a serene mood on your tabletop with our elegant Metal Leaf Candle Holders. Your eye first notices the large lotus leaves with their shiny, copper-colored hue. The twigs and candle platforms have a matte black color that provides depth ...
Set of Five Kanan Candleholders$239.00
Quick ViewSet of Five Kanan Candleholders$239.00Each candleholder in the set of five features a unique size and sculpted profile. Masterfully crafted by wood artisans, then given a distressed, neutral finish. Turned, natural mango wood construction. Candles not included. Achieve the eclectic, shabby chic aesthetic of five unique tag sale treasures with a single purchase-and without ever leaving your home-using our Set of Five Kanan Wood Candleholders. Artisan-crafted mango wood, with hand-rubbed finishes, gives our candleholders a ...
Fedora Candleholder$279.00
Quick ViewFedora Candleholder$279.00Clear beading captures and refracts the light. Branches cast a myriad of dancing shadows. Handcrafted from artfully twisted, dark brown metal that stands over 2' tall. Display with our remote-ready 3" dia. flameless indoor candles (sold separately). Add drama on a grand scale to a mantel or tabletop with our Fedora Candleholder. Flickering candlelight alone is captivating, but when surrounded by the delicate metal branch-work and beads, it's simply breathtaking. . . . .
Metal Twist CandleholderReg $129.00 Now $69.00
Quick ViewMetal Twist CandleholderReg $129.00 Now $69.00Masterfully designed and crafted from metal, incorporating seven unique, spiraling candleholders. A rich, antiqued gold leaf finish gives the metal its own warm glow. Accepts 2" dia. candles (not included). Light up a mantel, tabletop, or fireplace with our dynamically sculptural, Metal Twist Candleholder. . . .


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The football team opens the 2014 home schedule on Saturday when it takes on Florida Atlantic at Bryant-Denny Stadium. The game will mark the second meeting between the two teams with Alabama winning the 2012 contest, 40-7.
Click here for the original story.
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Rev-A-Shelf CH-241419-DM-2
CH Series Compagnucci Designed Double Pull Out Hamper with Soft-Close Slides
Item # bci1573904 | Model # CH-241419-DM-2 | CH Collection
We still have product details, accessories, replacement parts and reviews below, scroll down to see them!
Questions about Rev-A-Shelf CH-241419-DM-2?
Contact us for advice or more details. Our product specialists are here to help.
CH Series Compagnucci Designed Double Pull Out Hamper
Keep dirty clothes from piling on the floor with Rev-A-Shelf's Double Wire Pull-Out Hamper. The CH Series is designed for 24"W x 14"D closet systems and built using the same quality materials as the immensely popular 5349 Series Waste Containers.
Wasted space is a thing of the past! Rev-A-Shelf is the world's largest manufacturer of functional storage organizing products. Rev-A-Shelf can offer both the professional and the homeowner the finest cabinet storage solutions available.
- Dimensions: 24" Width x 14" Depth x 19" Height
- Minimum Cabinet Opening: 24.125" Wide x 14.125" Deep x 19.125" High
- Designed in cooperation with Compagnucci
- Soft-close feature for smooth sliding
- 14" bottom-mount, full-extension slides
- Two removable 80 quart wire baskets
- Door mount brackets included
- Door mount extenders and cloth liner sold separately
- For maximum customizability, cabinet door is customer provided
Additional Rev-A-Shelf Links
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- Rev-A-Shelf CH-241419-DM-2*
*Discontinued model or finish
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Discover the best online deals for the Rev-A-Shelf CH-241419-DM-2 and everything else for your home from the leading online home improvement store.
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Our knowledgeable product specialists work to bring you the best prices on every product and provide unmatched customer service. Your satisfaction is our highest priority!


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Geoff's been rocking his Handicappedpets cart for quite few years now. He's had many adventures in his little blue wheels, so much so, if the cops pull him over they'd defect the worn tread on his rubber tires. 92 more words
Tags » Dog Wheelchair
Beach Bother - Coming Soon
A few years ago we started work on the Geoff and his Two Dads project. Our goal was to produce a children's interactive book series inspired by the real life adventures of our very own Geoffy! 149 more words


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So I did this doodle of a Cuddlemaggot ™ which is over in scraps, as part of some thoughts I was having about cute character design of really unpleasant things. And several people said that it looked kinda Precious Moments.
Because I am a bad person, the mental jump to Precious Maggots took about four seconds, and the desire to draw one was instantaneous.
And so, Little Bo Peep Maggot, herding her woolly caterpillars, was born. (It was that or a little angel maggot with a harp…) To get the look right, I actually had to go look at Precious Moments stuff on-line, and if anybody ever tells me that I don't suffer for my art, I'm going to be bringing this up.
The scary thing was how fun it was… - Ursula Vernon


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Jeremy Mitchell went 3-for-3 with a home run and four RBI as the Twins blasted the Blue Jays 12-2 in Fort Myers. Eric Fryer drove in three runs, while Deibinson Romero plated a run …04 Mar 14
Your Classic Music Station
Wheeler Dealer
Jeremy Mitchell went 3-for-3 with a home run and four RBI as the Twins blasted the Blue Jays 12-2 in Fort Myers. Eric Fryer drove in three runs, while Deibinson Romero plated a run …04 Mar 14
The Twins earned an 8-2 win over the Red Sox yesterday in Fort Myers during the Grapefruit League opener. Star prospect Byron Buxton went 1-for-2 at the plate while Chris Colabello knocked in two. …04 Mar 14
MINNEAPOLIS (AP) – Freshman guard Kendrick Nunn hit five 3-pointers and led Illinois with 19 points as the last-place Illini beat Minnesota 62-49 on Wednesday night, putting a damper on the Gophers' hopes for an …20 Feb 14
MINNEAPOLIS (AP) – Kevin Love had 42 points and 16 rebounds, Ricky Rubio added a career-high 17 assists, and the Minnesota Timberwolves beat Paul George and the Indiana Pacers 104-91 on Wednesday night. J.J. Barea …20 Feb 14
With the NBA trade deadline nearing on Thursday the rumors are starting to pick up and the Timberwolves and Grizzlies are involved. Yahoo! Sports reported yesterday Memphis is looking at a potential deal with Minnesota. …19 Feb 14
Twins pitchers and catchers have their first workout today after they reported to spring training in Fort Myers, Florida on Sunday. The rest of the position players join them on Friday. The first exhibition game …19 Feb 14
MINNEAPOLIS (AP) – Minnesota sophomore Wally Ellenson has left the basketball program. Gopher basketball coach Richard Pitino says the team respects Ellenson's decision. The university announced his decision Tuesday. Ellenson, a native of Rice …19 Feb 14
The Minnesota Timberwolves play the Pelicans tonight at New Orleans Arena. The T'wolves have dropped three of their last four games following Wednesday's 106-97 setback in Oklahoma City. Minnesota sits at 24-and-25 on the year. …07 Feb 14
Our latest display in the KCHK main studio. Both sides of the coins given by TAG Major General Rick Nash


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7/27/2016 | Yadi haunts Mets as Cards end Familia's run
Their star pitcher had been bested. All their momentum had vanished. To beat the Mets on Wednesday night, the Cardinals would need to topple Mets All-Star closer Jeurys Familia, which no team had done in the regular season in nearly a year. Pulling off that unlikely feat in front of a hostile Citi Field crowd, the Cardinals stole a 5-4 game and a series victory from the Mets, winning two of three in a series of two National League Wild Card contenders.
7/27/2016 | Gordon set to return as Fernandez, Marlins face Cards
Dee Gordon, the reigning National League batting champion, is eligible to be reinstated following an 80-game suspension for testing positive for performance-enhancing substances when the Marlins host the first of a four-game series against the St. Louis Cardinals at Marlins Park on Thursday.
7/27/2016 | Jedd-i night & day: Gyorko opens, closes DH with HRs
Infielder Jedd Gyorko homered in the opener and nightcap of the Cardinals' doubleheader against the Mets.
7/27/2016 | Prospect Reyes could be option to start Saturday
Right-handed pitcher Alex Reyes, the Cardinals' top prospect and the No. 16 overall prospect in the Major Leagues according to MLBPipeline.com, was pulled from his start for Triple-A Memphis on Tuesday after tossing only 57 pitches over three innings. Due to Monday's rainout at Citi Field, St. Louis may be in need of a spot starter on Saturday when the club faces the Marlins. Reyes' sudden departure could indicate he's a candidate to make his MLB debut in Miami.
7/26/2016 | Cardinals place Rosenthal on 15-day DL
The Cardinals placed right-handed reliever Trevor Rosenthal on the 15-day disabled list Tuesday afternoon with right shoulder inflammation in his rotator cuff.
7/26/2016 | Mets turn tables on Cards to earn split of twin bill
The sun had just set at Citi Field, but the nightcap of a Tuesday doubleheader between the Mets and Cardinals was starting to look a lot like its afternoon counterpart. Jedd Gyorko, who hit the decisive two-run homer in the Cardinals' one-run win earlier, went deep in the second inning against Bartolo Colon. The similarities ended there in the Mets' 3-1 win, as Colon allowed nothing more and Asdrubal Cabrera paced New York's offense with two RBIs.
7/26/2016 | Verrett faces surging Waino in rubber match at Citi
Mets general manager Sandy Alderson has insisted the club will likely not trade for a starting pitcher, meaning Logan Verrett will remain in the rotation for the foreseeable future. The right-hander starts Wednesday night against Cardinals righty Adam Wainwright, who has rebounded from a rough start to his season.
7/26/2016 | Gyorko's HR helps Cards edge Mets in DH opener
A fickle National League Wild Card race took another turn on Tuesday afternoon, when the Cardinals beat Noah Syndergaard and the Mets, 3-2, in the first game of a twinight doubleheader at Citi Field. That allowed St. Louis to leapfrog the Mets at least temporarily in the NL standings, in what was the first of six meetings between the teams this season.
7/25/2016 | Take 2, play 2: Cards, Mets open with twin bill
The Mets and Cardinals will play a single-admission doubleheader on Tuesday, with the first game scheduled to start at 4:10 p.m. ET and the second commencing approximately a half hour after the first.
7/25/2016 | Cards-Mets rained out; doubleheader today
Monday's series opener between the Cardinals and Mets at Citi Field was postponed due to inclement weather. The game will be made up as part of a single-admission doubleheader on Tuesday that will start 3:10 p.m. CT, with the second game beginning approximately a half hour after the first.
7/25/2016 | Mets-Cardinals rained out; twin bill today
Monday's series opener between the Mets and Cardinals was postponed due to rain. The teams will play a single-admission doubleheader today beginning at 4:10 p.m. ET, with the second game beginning approximately a half hour after the first.
7/25/2016 | Cardinals cap tough stretch with travel woes
The trek from St. Louis to New York could not have gotten much worse for the Cardinals. After wrapping up a three-game series against the Dodgers on ESPN's Sunday Night Baseball at Busch Stadium, the club headed to the airport only to have mechanical issues halt their charter flight.
7/25/2016 | Cards call up veteran Williams, option Mayers
The Cardinals purchased the contract of right-hander Jerome Williams from Triple-A Memphis on Monday to replace righty Mike Mayers, who was optioned to Memphis. Right-hander Jordan Walden (right shoulder) was transferred to the 60-day disabled list to make room for Williams on the 40-man roster.
7/25/2016 | Trio of Diazes lead Prospect Team of the Week
The latest edition of MLBPipeline.com's Prospect Team of the Week (July 18-24) is led by a trio of Diazes in Isan Diaz, Yandy Diaz and Lewin Diaz, each of whom had big weeks for their respective clubs.
7/25/2016 | Mayers' tough 1st start taxes St. Louis bullpen
The debut that Mike Mayers scripted in his mind looked anything but like the one that played out in front of a national audience as his dream dissolved into a nightmare Sunday night.
7/24/2016 | Cardinals remain open to dealing for relief help
Eight days away from the Aug. 1 non-waiver Trade Deadline, Cardinals general manager John Mozeliak continues to canvass the market for available relievers with an eye on being opportunistic, but not desperate.
7/24/2016 | Cards expect three key pieces back soon
Cardinals general manager John Mozeliak and manager Mike Matheny expressed optimism Sunday that three key offensive contributors -- Brandon Moss, Matt Carpenter and Jhonny Peralta -- could return from the disabled list by Aug. 2, the day after the Trade Deadline.
7/24/2016 | Thor faces Martinez as Wild Card race heats up
Noah Syndergaard touched triple digits on the radar gun and wiped away any arm fatigue concerns in his last start, and he'll look to build on that against Carlos Martinez and the Cardinals to open a three-game set at Citi Field on Monday night. Both New York and St. Louis are in the thick of the National League Wild Card race.
7/23/2016 | Leake's struggles follow familiar pattern
In what is becoming an all-to-frequent trend with Mike Leake on the mound, the veteran right-hander watched innings unravel behind him on Saturday night because both he and the defense weren't sharper.
7/23/2016 | Kazmir looks to spoil debut of Cards' Mayers
The Cardinals knew Wednesday's doubleheader would throw a wrinkle in their rotation four days later since they preferred not to start Carlos Martinez on short rest. They decided to call up Mike Mayers from Triple-A Memphis for a spot-start, which will be his Major League debut. The Dodgers will turn to Scott Kazmir as the teams meet in the series finale on Sunday night at Busch Stadium.
7/23/2016 | Dodgers get back on track against Cardinals
One night after letting a plethora of scoring chances go untapped, the Dodgers capitalized against Mike Leake early on Saturday and then coasted to a 7-2 victory over the Cardinals. The win kept the Dodgers ahead of the Cardinals in the National League Wild Card race and halted St. Louis' winning streak at five.
7/23/2016 | Mayers set to make big league debut
Mike Mayers, who was scheduled to start for Triple-A Memphis on Saturday, was instead summoned to St. Louis, where he will make his Major League debut a day later as a spot-starter for the Cardinals.
7/23/2016 | Lyons saves 'pen with extra-long relief
Instead of stepping in to fill a rotation void this weekend, Tyler Lyons stepped up to lift the Cardinals to their fifth straight win by covering the bulk of the extra frames in the team's 4-3, 16-inning victory over the Dodgers at Busch Stadium.
7/23/2016 | Dra-Matt-ic finish! Cards top LA in 16
On a night when the Dodgers squandered repeated chances with runners in scoring position, the Cardinals made a little go a long way to outlast Los Angeles, 4-3, in 16 innings Friday in the opener of a three-game series at Busch Stadium.
7/22/2016 | Leake on special K diet entering matchup with LA
Cardinals starter Mike Leake has two consecutive starts of at least 10 strikeouts and no walks. He will try to continue to carve up batters Saturday against the Dodgers, who counter with right-hander Kenta Maeda.
More Results >


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An Arizona mom shot her teenage son and 12-year-old daughter dead in a shocking murder-suicide.
Stefan Strawder, an 18-year-old high school basketball player, was killed in a shooting at a Fort Myers club Monday morning.
Four people have been killed in a small Texas town after an apparent murder/suicide.
Ali David Sonboly, 18, the gunman in the Munich, Germany, shooting spree, was a depressed loner who had read about school shooters.
A 19-year-old college student was murdered along with her mother in a shocking murder-suicide that rocked a small English town.
A deranged father shot-and-killed his wife and daughter in a shocking murder/suicide in a quiet English town.
Baton Rouge cop killer Gavin Long was active on Twitter right up until he killed three Louisiana cops on July 17.
The city of Baton Rouge is in mourning after three cops were shot dead in an ambush attack while they were on duty.
Three officers, including Montrell Jackson, were killed in an ambush in Baton Rouge, Louisiana, where there is tension with police after the death of Alton Sterling.
Authorities in Florida have called the shooting dead of two people inside a hospital "random."
Cameron Sterling, the 15-year-old son of Alton Sterling, said in a press conference that his father was a "good man" and asked people to "protest the right way."
A Michigan man killed two court bailiffs in a vain attempt to escape prison inside of a courthouse. His ex-wife thinks he was afraid of never seeing his daughter again.
Larry Gordon stole a gun from a deputy before taking hostages at Berrien County Courthouse in Michigan.
Multiple people have been shot at a courthouse in southern Michigan. News of the attack first broke at around 3 p.m. on July 11.
Dallas Police Officer Michael Smith was one of five officers killed Thursday after police said gunman Micah X. Johnson attacked a peaceful Black Lives Matter demonstration.


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No decision on separate passport, flag for Nagas: Kiren Rijiju
Rijiju's comments came in the wake of reports which suggested that the government has agreed to NSCN-IM's proposal for separate passport and flag for Nagas.
Amit Shah takes holy dip alongside Dalit sadhus at Kumbh
Later, Shah also had a 'Samrasta Bhoj' (social harmony feast) with Dalit sadhus and ...
Amit Shah takes 'Samrasta Snan' alongside Dalit sadhus at Kumbh in the wake of UP elections
Shah joined the Dalit sadhus in the holy bath wit...
Naga People's Front lone Lok Sabha MP Neiphiu Rio suspended from party
The lone Lok Sabha MP from Nagaland Neiphiu Rio has been suspended from the party by the Naga People's Front (NPF) for "anti-party activities".
PWC seeks consensus on Naga issue
While Shah has given an assurance to meet their demands,Yadav expressed his party's support even for a constitutional amendment.
Modi misled people of NE on Naga peace deal: Rahul Gandhi
Congress vice-president Rahul Gandhi on Tuesday accused Prime Minster Narendra Modi of misleading the people of the Northeast on the Naga peace agreement.
NSCN(K) not sole voice of Nagas, says new outfit
A newly-founded Naga organisation, which calls itself Eastern Naga National Government and intends to have an armed wing, has come forward to challenge NSCN.
Solution to Naga problem only way to peace, progress: T R Zeliang
The Nagas should grasp the opportunity and collectively work towards it without creating further imbroglio among the Nagas, Zeliang said.
NSCN-IM says Naga Peace Accord signed with PM Narendra Modi government recognised Naga sovereignty
NSCN-IM stated that both the parties agreed that the sovereignty of the Nagas lies with the Naga people and of India lies with the Indian people.
Naga Peace Talks Interlocutor R N Ravi called upon Nagas to be united to find a solution
Naga Peace Talks Interlocutor R N Ravi today called upon Naga people, including the Naga armed groups, to be united to achieve a solution and asserted that the Centre.
From Naga peace accord to political wars, 2015 was an eventful year for Nagaland
The signing of a peace accord between the Centre and the NSCN-IM brought a ray of hope for an early resolution of the decades-old Naga political issue.
Move by Naga Hoho and ENPO to bring back NSCN-K to negotiating table
An eight-member team of the apex body of Nagas, Naga Hoho and ENPO, is in Myanmar to talk to the Khaplang leaders for bringing them back to the negotiating table.
Tainted sadhus to be kept away from Kumbh
Alleged pub and discotheque owner-turned-saint Swami Sachidanand of Noida and Radhe Maa of Mumbai have been banned.
Naga hill cuisine lends itself more to meat
They wondered why the same museums did not take more interest in the early accomplishments of the Nagas in weaving and architecture.
Naga Chaitanya in Telugu remake of 'Premam'
Actor Naga Chaitanya will star in the yet-untitled Telugu remake of the latest Malayalam blockbuster "Premam".
Minister Yitachu asks Nagas to work for peace unitedly
Yitachu called upon the Naga people to unitedly work towards achieving permanent peace for development, progress and ensuring a better future for the people.
Rajnath Singh wasn't aware of Naga Peace Accord: Congress vice-president Rahul Gandhi
Gandhi also said that the Congress has no objection to the Goods & Services Tax Bill being passed if the Centre agrees to party's three conditions.
Key to resolving Naga imbroglio lies in its simplicity
'The need of the hour is deeper involvement of the Naga civil society and chief ministers of other northeastern states in the negotiation process.'
Naga dailies carry blank editorials after Assam Rifles rap
The five media houses which received the Assam Rifles notification included the abovementioned papers, as well as Nagaland Post and Capi.
Naga tribal delegation's demands to be met: Kiren Rijiju
The delegation was assured that the creation of Patkai Autonomous Council would be the next step to ensure development in those areas.
AAPSU team meets central interlocutor on Naga issue
R N Ravi has met a delegation of All Arunachal Pradesh Students' Union and promised the state's interest will not be compromised.
First Naga breakaway group supports peace accord
On June 3, the NSCN-IM (Isak-Muivah) and the central government signed the Naga Peace Accord, concluding almost 20 years of peace negotiations that started in 1997.
Naga delegation to meet Central leaders for peace talks
The Nagaland Legislators Forum on Naga Political issue today decided to send a delegation to meet the Central leaders of various political parties to bring about a permanent solution to the decades old Naga problem.
Peace deal: Nagas to get special identity
The government is working on this 'special identity' of Naga people, which will also have to devise a way to include those Nagas who live outside of the geographical territory of Nagaland.
Key leader of Naga insurgent outfit arrested in Delhi
Delhi Police today claimed to have arrested a key leader of Naga insurgent outfit NSCN(K) in south Delhi's Lodhi Road area, where he had come to meet an associate.
SS Khaplang to skip Naga ceasefire talks in Myanmar
Self-styled Lt Gen Nikki Sumi was the mastermind behind the June 4 ambush in Chandel, Manipur, which killed 18 Army personnel.
Naga accord: A test for Narendra Modi's policies
Many would argue there is nothing "new" or "historic" in Prime Minister Narendra Modi's August 3 announcement of the "Naga Peace Accord".
Terms of Naga pact in three months: Kiren Rijiju
Kiren Rijiju on Wednesday said the Centre-NSCN(IM) pact was "a framework" for working out a permanent solution to Naga problem.
Only four people knew of impending Naga accord
Prime Minister Narendra Modi conceded as much, stating in his remarks that he had directed his office to supervise the talks.
Apex Naga tribal body Hoho wants NSCN(K) to join talks
The apex body has approached both home minister Rajnath Singh and Kiren Rijiju requesting that its delegation be allowed to visit Myanmar and appeal to Khaplang to come to the mainstream.
NIA announces cash reward for information on rebel Naga leaders
Three months after the attack in Manipur, NIA today announced a cash reward of Rs 7 lakh for information leading to arrest of S S Khaplang, Chief of NSCN-K
Was LC Goyal replaced as he wanted information on Naga peace deal? Congress
Congress said that the sudden removal of L C Goyal as Union Home Secretary could be because of his seeking information on the Naga peace accord.
Centre urged not to infringe Manipur territory in Naga Peace Accord
Manipur Assembly today adopted a resolution urging the Centre to ensure that Naga 'Peace Accord' did not compromise with the territorial integrity of the state.
Nagas are at the threshold of new political system: Tribal body Hoho
The Hoho President described Jadonang, who was hanged to dead by the British in 1931, as a man who was dedicated towards a cause willing to sacrifice even if it meant death.
Governor asks security forces to be careful in view of Naga accord
Nagaland Governor P B Acharya has urged security forces to take extra care in handling law and order after the peace agreement between the Centre and NSCN(IM).
Governor asks security forces to be careful in view of Naga accord
The GoC made a courtesy call on the Governor and briefed him on the security situation in the state, a Raj Bhavan official said today.
Naga groups hopeful about Centre-NSCN (IM) agreement
Naga groups have expressed hope that the recently signed agreement between Centre & NSCN(IM) will lead to an acceptable settlement of the vexed Naga issue.
Naga groups hopeful that Centre-NSCN (IM) agreement will lead to settlement
Various Naga groups have expressed hope that the recently signed agreement between the Centre and NSCN(IM) will lead to an acceptable settlement.
More than 100 people hit by landslides in a Naga village
Officials said adding that more houses impacted by the landslides would be pulled down today as precautionary measure.
Arunachal Pradesh tribal bodies want Naga Accord to be made public
Tribal bodies in Arunachal Pradesh have asked the Centre to make public the content of the recent peace agreement between the Government and the NSCN(IM).
Naga Group ENPO demands separate state of Eastern Nagaland
The demand was made during the NSCN-IM's Independence Day celebrations in the outfits Camp Hebron headquarters on August 14.
Talks with NSCN(K): Myanmar mum on security clearance for Naga team
A week after the home ministry gave security clearance to a Naga to hold talks with NSCN-K chief SS Khaplang, the delegation is yet to receive the green light from the Myanmar government.
No change in ceasefire ground rule in Naga pact: R N Ravi
The interlocutor is said to have conveyed to the Home Ministry that it was a framework for a final settlement to bring a lasting peace in Nagaland, sources said.
Naga pact is only a formula: T R Zeliang, Nagaland's chief minister
Zeliang sought to allay apprehensions of other northeastern states, and said that he and other Assembly members were even ready to step down to make a new beginning.
NSCN-IM may reveal details of Naga Pact on August 14
There is speculation that senior functionaries of NSCN (IM) may spell out the contours of the agreement during the group's Independence Day celebrations on August 14.
Naga pact just the formula for a settlement: Nagaland CM TR Zeliang
Zeliang said that after a lot of efforts the government and the National Socialist Council of Nagaland-Isak-Muivah had understood each other's problems.
Naga Pact in North East's interest: Kiren Rijiju
Union minister of state for home Kiren Rijiju ruled out the apprehension that the framework agreement between the government of India and militant outfit NSCN-IM
PM Narendra Modi promises to consult NE states on Naga accord details
PM Modi today promised to consult North Eastern states in finalisation of the details of the peace accord signed with NSCN(IM) last week, Manipur CM Okram Ibobi Singh said here today amid a controversy over the issue.


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Old Testament
Psalms: Psalms 90-150
John Goldingay$50.00Add Your ReviewJohn Goldingay's three-volume commentary on the book of Psalms is now complete with this third volume. This work combines literary, historical, grammatical, and theological insights in a widely accessible manner. One of today's foremost experts on biblical theology, Goldinga... Learn More
Exodus (Believers Church Bible Commentary)
Waldemar Janzen$29.99Add Your ReviewWaldemar Janzen offers a fresh approach to the canonical structure of Exodus. The liberation from Egypt is a prelude to Israel's unique calling to model before the nations a new life of service under God. Exodus portrays how God, through his servant Moses, wages a dramatic b... Learn More
Message of Ecclesiastes
Derek Kidner$16.99Add Your ReviewIs life merely a wisp of vapour, a puff of wind, a mere breath - nothing you can get your hands on - the nearest thing to zero? So says the Preacher in the book of Ecclesiastes. But is this the whole message of Ecclesiastes? With imagination and clarity Derek Kidner introduc... Learn More
Leviticus: A Mentor Commentary
Robert I. Vasholz$29.99Add Your ReviewLeviticus received its English title from the Greek Levitikon, which means pertaining to the Levites. Probably, Jewish scribes who called Leviticus the Priests Manual influenced the title in the Tannaitic Period (200 B.C. 200 A.D.). While the title is appropriate for certain... Learn More
Genesis: A Commentary for Bible Students
Wesleyan Publishing House, Wilbur Glenn Williams, David A. Higle$19.99Add Your ReviewAn excellent resource for personal study, and especially helpful for those involved in the teaching ministries of the church, the Wesley Bible Commentary series will encourage and promote life change in believers by applying God's authoritative truth in relevant, practical w... Learn More
1 Samuel, Volume 10: Second Edition
Ralph W. Klein, Bruce M. Metzger, David Allen Hubbard$44.99Add Your ReviewThe Word Biblical Commentary delivers the best in biblical scholarship, from the leading scholars of our day who share a commitment to Scripture as divine revelation. This series emphasizes a thorough analysis of textual, linguistic, structural, and theological evidence. The... Learn More
Proverbs and Song of Solomon
Henry A. Ironside$26.99Add Your ReviewDevotional, practical, and Christ-centered, the Ironside Expository Commentary series offers concise outlines of the biblical text along with insightful and practical comments that bring our the essential truths of God's Word. All volumes present the unabridged text in a ne... Learn More
Proverbs and Ecclesiastes: A Theological Commentary on the Bible
Amy Plantinga-Pauw, Amy Plantinga Pauw$40.00Add Your ReviewIn this new volume in the Belief series, Amy Plantinga Pauw reveals how the biblical books of Proverbs and Ecclesiastes, while often overlooked, are surprisingly relevant for Christian faith today. Both biblical books probe everyday human experiences. They speak to those who... Learn More
J. McGee$8.99Add Your ReviewRadio messages from J. Vernon McGee delighted and enthralled listeners for years with simple, straightforward language and clear understanding of the Scripture. Now enjoy his personable, yet scholarly, style in a 60-volume set of commentaries that takes you from Genesis to R... Learn More
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text:
not being flash but i think you know, it's all about the Richo
Face Tags
Actually starving , how am I supposed to do anything with this fridge #waistingaway
Not feeling my Sunday best , will be brand new once I eat my breakfast for a champion . #anyhood
@chrisbushkin I'm teaching @LoveCarlyBrown and @vsatkins how to dougie . Get to china #anyhood
@Lawrie_Wilson @leonhunts @lboylan10
@Sexpot_Sharon mi gorjus mam @salford_sandra bless her Fuckkin luv dem leggins http://twitpic.com/4u4xa2" shaz you like mine?
The difference in me and my colleague . Bloaty bloatason beside me .
My mum and nan out for dinner for @scouture123 21st. Xxxx #lovemyfamilymorethananythingintheworld
Salmon fresh from the Becker Houson himself
Is ironing out the small geezers
@Bev_solis: @rihanna let me be lickin ur big black nips riri if riri let's ya can I join in? Look how long my Tongue is
"@LBoylan10: @thericho9 absolute LEGEND ☑" cheers pal but I don't have my own wiki page "yet"
@LaurenPope donut haha. Why would you though when it takes 4hrs to get down it . Look what you done, lucky it was you
Please sir , may I have some more ?
Breakfast in bed for a #champion and #nowplaying plan b "writing on the wall" #anyhood
#mine #anyhood @PrincessLeanna1
@kellyemmaellis played there babe and won . You chelsea supporter?
#gutted for me and the boys today , relegated . #chinup 1 wasn't enough .
The scoreboard says 0.0 we need Thurrock 3 Farnborough 0 . And the darts to beat Maidenhead . Come on the fleet .
Queens guard today and this is my horse I'm riding , Rambo his name . #anyhood #RoyalWedding
©2016 Twitpic Inc, All Rights Reserved


text:
Markets |
* Stocks fall, BoE minutes raise specter of rate hike * Fed minutes also on tap later in day * Euro below $1.33 for first time in nearly a year (Adds opening of U.S. market; changes dateline; previous LONDON) By Herbert Lash NEW YORK, Aug 20 Global equity markets eased on Wednesday on a spate of poor corporate results and the release of Bank of England minutes that showed two of the bank's policymakers unexpectedly voted earlier this month for a rate hike. Sterling and UK bond yields rose after the surprise shift toward higher British rates, while the dollar jumped to its highest against the euro and a basket of major currencies since last September. The signals on central bank policy eclipsed geopolitical developments as investors braced for the release later Wednesday of minutes from the last Federal Reserve policy meeting. The Fed minutes also come ahead of Fed Chair Janet Yellen's widely anticipated address to the annual gathering of central bankers in Jackson Hole, Wyoming, on Friday. With U.S. and global stock indexes trading close to all-time highs, investors are awaiting a reaffirmation of the accommodative monetary policies that have helped spur a global rally in stocks. "The next leg up is going to come from what we hear on Friday from Yellen," said Phil Orlando, chief equity market strategist at Federated Investors in New York. "The market has been a little bit on tenterhooks," he said. MSCI's all-country equity index was down 0.07 percent, while the FTSEurofirst 300 index of leading European shares fell by the same margin. A warning from brewer Carlsberg that profits would fall this year due to deteriorating conditions in Russia also rattled investors. A cut in its full-year sales forecast by Lowe's Companies also unnerved investors, though the world's No. 2 home improvement products retailer also posted better-than-expected second-quarter results. The Dow Jones industrial average was up 23.06 points, or 0.14 percent, at 16,942.65. The Standard & Poor's 500 Index was up 1.43 points, or 0.07 percent, at 1,983.03. The Nasdaq Composite Index was down 2.32 points, or 0.05 percent, at 4,525.20. The dollar broke through resistance at $1.3300 and last November's high of $1.3295 per euro to trade as high as $1.3275. It also climbed to a 4 1/2-month high against the yen. It was last up 0.24 percent versus the euro at $1.3287. U.S. crude oil rose more than $1 a barrel ahead of the September contract's expiry later on Wednesday and as crude stocks in the United States posted a sharp fall, while Brent bounced off a 14-month low to reach $102. Brent crude for delivery in October was up 45 cents at $102.01 a barrel. The U.S. crude contract for September delivery was up 62 cents to $95.10 a barrel. U.S. Treasuries fell, with the benchmark 10-year note down 2/32 in price to yield 2.4139 percent. (Additional reporting by Jamie McGeever in London, reporting by Herbert Lash)
Trending On Reuters
Patents & Entrepreneurial Universities
Measuring and evaluating academic innovation


text:
Judge lets NYPD resume 'stop and frisk'
The city had shown it would be expensive to immediately implement an order that could be reversed
Associated Press
NEW YORK — A federal judge is allowing the New York Police Department to temporarily resume stop-and-frisk stops she believes are unconstitutional while the city appeals her decision.
Judge Shira Scheindlin on Tuesday lifted the order she issued earlier this month concerning a program aimed at thousands of privately owned buildings in the Bronx.
The judge had found that the city acted unconstitutionally in making trespass stops without reasonable suspicion.
Scheindlin says she still believes she's correct but the city had shown it would be expensive to immediately implement an order that could be reversed.
A trial in March is set to decide the fate of a lawsuit more broadly challenging the city's stop-and-frisk practices. The judge refused a request by the city to delay that trial.
Copyright 2013 Associated Press
Copyright Associated Press. All rights reserved. This material may not be published, broadcast, rewritten, or redistributed.
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Hotels in Sarajevo, Bosnia and Herzegovina
Search & Compare Sarajevo Hotels
Trending now in Sarajevo
- Most bookedHotel Bristol Sarajevo
46 people looked at this hotel in the last hour
Most recent review
"I was there for a business trip and spent 11 nights there. One of the nicer hotels I've been to. The staff were very pleasant. However, I found the pillows in the room rather uncomfortable. Had to stack 3 pillows under my head. Other than that, it was a good experience."
A Traveller, Dec 2015, AS
41 people looked at this hotel in the last hour
Most recent review
"big hotel with lots going on. Almost a mini entertainment area on your doorstep with bars,restaurants,shops and lots of locals to meet. At the end of a frequent tram line,easy to get into the centre..about 40 minutes. Near the airport and the Tunnel Museum. Room was big and well equipped,bathroom..."
A Traveller, Jul 2015, GB
40 people looked at this hotel in the last hour
Most recent review
"The hotel is very new, everything is perfect - clean, tidy & modern. The staff were very friendly and helpful and spoke great English. The location is an easy 5 minute walk to the high-street/city centre, just across the river. The room had absolutely everything - a fully equiped kitchen (hob,..."
A Traveller, May 2016, GB
27 people looked at this hotel in the last hour
Most recent review
"Very clean. Friendly staff. Car parking is too expensive comparing other parking places in the environment. WiFi is working."
A Traveller, Jun 2016, US
21 people looked at this hotel in the last hour
Most recent review
"Awesome shower! This is the shower I waited three weeks for. Very close to airport...you could walk in 20 mins on well-lit streets and save being ripped off for cab fare as I was."
A Traveller, Oct 2015, CA
18 people looked at this hotel in the last hour
18 people looked at this hotel in the last hour
Most recent review
"Very often in the region 4* hotels are more like 3* according to N. American standards, but Hotel President is a real 4* hotel. Its location is excellent."
A Traveller, Jul 2016, US
8 people looked at this hotel in the last hour
Most recent review
"The breakfast set out for us everyday was amazing. The staff was very friendly and willing to provide information as to getting around the city. I'm staying again next year!"
A Traveller, Sep 2015, US
7 people looked at this hotel in the last hour
Most recent review
"My wife and I were only staying one night and so we wanted a cheap hotel to stay at. We were pleasantly surprised at the level of service and care of the hotel staff. They even brought our bags to our room for us! Breakfast was nice too! Within walking distance of downtown Sarajevo! Beautiful! Th..."
A Traveller, Aug 2014, IE
- Hotel settlement & Campsite OazaNo Guest Reviews yet
4 people looked at this hotel in the last hour
Map of Sarajevo hotels
- Latin Bridge
- Vrelo Bosne
- Church of the Holy Archangels Michael and Gabriel
- Eternal Flame
- Sarajevo Tunnel Museum
- Gazi Husrev-Beg Mosque
- National Museum of Bosnia and Herzegovina
- University of Sarajevo
- Sarajevo Synagogue
- Ali Pasha's Mosque
- Grbavica Stadium
- Cathedral of Jesus' Heart
- Bosmal City Center
- National Library
- Markale
- Emperor's Mosque
- Bosnian Parliament Building
- Bosnian History Museum
- Serb Orthodox Cathedral
- Asim Ferhatovic Hase Stadium
Best hotels in Sarajevo
If you are looking for Sarajevo hotels in a particular area, you can use the search feature at the top of the page to search by neighborhood, landmark, address or zip code, or you can search by using the built-in map feature. You can also browse hotels in Sarajevo by type, amenities, and star-rating so that you can find the best hotel. Currently, top rated hotels in Sarajevo are:
- Guest house Halvat
- Residence Inn by Marriott Sarajevo
- Hotel Bristol Sarajevo
- Pansion Harmony Sarajevo
- Garni Hotel Konak
The location of your Sarajevo hotel is important. If you are traveling to Sarajevo, &StateorCountry for business, you may want to consider getting a hotel close to the airport or near your meeting venue. By doing so, you can really cut down on transportation costs and time. You may also want to book a hotel that offers free wifi just in case you need to get some work done.
If you are traveling for vacation, figure out which attractions or landmarks you want to see and book a hotel that is within close proximity. Although hotels near attractions might cost a little more, you may find that spending those extra few dollars is worth the convenience. You can even find hotels that align with your interests. For example, if you are looking for a relaxing vacation, a spa hotel may be the perfect choice for you.
You'll also want to determine which type of accommodations will suit your needs before booking a hotel in Sarajevo. If you're traveling with the kiddos, a family friendly hotel will offer larger rooms and more sleeping arrangements. For those traveling for an extended period of time, booking a hotel suite with a kitchenette is a smart move and will feel a little more like home. If you are budget conscience and just need a place to rest your head, a hostel or motel may be all you need.
If you are looking to score the best discounts and deals, use the filter to sort by price from low to high. You can book a hotel in Sarajevo for as low as $17 per night. If you are looking to cut down on expenses, look for hotels that include free breakfast and parking. Some hotels even offer free shuttle service to and from nearby places. You can also sort by star rating, proximity, and guest rating.
Before you book, check out user reviews. Hotels.com has 1026 reviews in Sarajevo. We show reviews from Expedia and TripAdvisor so you know that you are reading genuine, reliable reviews. Be sure to download the Hotels.com app so you can book your reservations on the go, view amenities, and save the hotels you want to view and compare later.


text:
Outstanding Dentistry Opportunity in Premier Four-Season Resort Town in Beautiful Michigan
HCR ManorCare provides a range of services, including skilled nursing care, assisted living, post-acute medical and rehabilitation care, hospice care, home health care and rehabilitation therapy.
Full Time energetic Medical Assistant/ Surgical Coordinator wanted!
Legendary care. Award-winning facilities. You'll find it all at Mercy Health.
Huron Medical Center in Bad Axe, Michigan, has immediate openings for full and part time Medical Technologists .


text:
Rosa Wooden 2 Seater Bistro Table & Chairs.This Rosa wooden 2 seater bistro table and chairs is perfect for bistro dinning.
A comprehensive introduction to the broad range of Rosa Luxemburg's thought. Rosa Luxemburg (1871-1919) was one of the most brilliant and passionate minds drawn to the revolutionary socialist movement...
The purpose of this translated volume Tadeusz Kowalik's book is to examine Rosa Luxemburg's contribution to economic theory. The essential subject-matter is the dependence of capital accumulation on e...
ROSA MOTA Asbestos Frenzy (1994 UK 4-track CD EP featuring the Edit version plus the b-sides Little Girl Ill Take Your Life and Scratch picture sleeve CDHOUR4) Asbestos Frenzy - EditLittle GirlIll Tak...
A2 (59x42cm) Poster . Colour-printed, hand-finished stipple engraving entitled Rosa Indica Grande Indienne, engraved by Joseph Marie Bessin (1765-?) after an original by Pierre Joseph Redout
Rosa Graf Blue Line Cerasome Regenerative Skin Care 50 ml
Beauty/Categories/Hair Care/Hair Styling Accessories/Clips & Barrettes
Lightweight and breathable, the Anita Rosa Faia Makeda Moulded Spacer Bra features pre-formed, moulded cups for comfortable support and concealment. This underwired bra is complete with fully adjustab...
Clothing/Categories/Women/Lingerie & Underwear/Bras/Everyday Bras
Beautifully feminine, the Anita Rosa Faia Josephine Underwired Bra is designed with a sophisticated houndstooth print with intricate floral embroidery and decorative adjustable straps. The underwired ...
Clothing/Categories/Women/Lingerie & Underwear/Bras/Everyday Bras
1 2 3 4 5 ›
published 25/08/2013
AdvantagesThe two young leads are brilliant, nice setting of paranoia, claustrophobia, intimacy
DisadvantagesNot enough digging into each character, too much glossed over quickly, some dodgy accents
published 08/02/2015
AdvantagesCharacterisation, intriguing/engrossing,
DisadvantagesPlot pace may frustrate some(?), the ending
published 13/09/2008
AdvantagesWarm, sunny, no insects, great local restaurants
Disadvantageshotel food - apparently


text:
|Publication number
|Publication type
|Application number
|Publication date
|Feb 15, 2005
|Filing date
|Oct 22, 2003
|Priority date
|Oct 22, 2003
|Fee status
|Also published as
|Publication number
|Gene L. Cangiani
|Original Assignee
|Itt Manufacturing Enterprises, Inc.
|Export Citation
|BiBTeX, EndNote, RefMan
|Patent Citations (3), Referenced by (31), Classifications (20), Legal Events (4)
|External Links: USPTO, USPTO Assignment, Espacenet
1. Field of the Invention
The present invention relates to methods and apparatus for generating multi-beam, multi-signal transmissions using an active phased array antenna.
2. Description of the Related Art
There are many communications, radar, and navigation applications that require multiple transmit beams from a common site, with different signals on the various beams. For example, the next generation of Global Positioning System (GPS) satellites will require the transmission of spot beams to direct higher power military signals to theaters of operation, along with broader earth coverage beams for conventional navigational users. Proposed solutions include the use of a separate gimbaled antenna to provide the spot beam, in addition to the existing earth coverage antenna. Alternative approaches using an active phased array antenna with an electronically steered beam to implement the spot beam have also been proposed.
The use of a separate antenna (mechanically steered or electronically steered) for each beam also requires the use of a separate transmitter and associated electronics to drive each antenna. This greatly increases system cost, size, weight and power requirements over what would be required for a single phased array antenna and transmitter. For example, separate High Power Amplifiers (HPAs) would be required to drive each antenna. Also, the use of separate antennas and separate transmitters for the various beams (e.g., earth coverage and spot beams) limits the ability to rc-allocate power among the various beams. This flexibility would provide significant benefit for many applications. For example, the ability to re-allocate power among beams would provide more power to support additional missions with the earth coverage beam when the spot beams are not in use—a very desirable feature for future versions of GPS.
Note that active phased array antennas have been configured to provide multiple simultaneous beams with the same signal on all of the beams. However, a phased array configuration with different signals on each of the beams has not previously been implemented. Preferably, a system capable of producing multiple beams for multiple signals would permit the use of composite signals whose amplitude envelopes are constant. If non-constant envelope signals are applied to the HPAs, the use of highly efficient, saturated HPAs is precluded. Linear methods that generate non-constant-envelope composite signals result in power-inefficient mechanizations, because the power amplifiers that are used for transmission of the composite signals must operate in the linear region. Power amplifiers are much more efficient when operated in the saturated mode. For example, linear superposition of chip-synchronous, orthogonal signals to be transmitted is a theoretically lossless multiplex if the subsequent transmission chain remains linear. Maintaining linearity requires a linear high power amplifier (HPA). Since any HPA characteristic eventually saturates as its input power increases, such base station transceiver linear amplifiers are typically run at 4-5 dB average power backoff to accommodate peak power needs.
Thus, linear combination techniques are maximally efficient in the sense that there is no actual signal power loss, but the overall efficiency of such techniques is compromised by the need to operate the amplifier at a significant power back-off to accommodate the instantaneous signal envelope fluctuations. An alternative approach to producing greater average power is to achieve a more effective allocation of the loss budget between the multiplexer and the high power amplifier. Non-linear multiplex methods that produce a constant-envelope composite signal permit a greater fraction of the available transmitter power to be used for communication, but at the expense of a multiplexing loss that may be characterized as an intermodulation product. This multiplexing loss, however, is typically smaller than the power backoff it replaces, resulting in a favorable trade. Therefore, constant-envelope signal structures are required if full-power, undistorted transmission is sought. Consequently, in developing a scheme to simultaneously transmit multiple beams with multiple signals, it would be desirable to transmit from each antenna element in the array a constant amplitude envelope composite signal to permit the use of power-efficient, saturated HPAs.
Therefore, in light of the above, and for other reasons that become apparent when the invention is fully described, an object of the present invention is to simultaneously transmit a plurality of different signals on a plurality of different beams at the same carrier frequency from a common antenna.
A further object of the present invention is to reduce the overall hardware for a system required to transmit multiple different signals on multiple different beams from a common site or location, thereby reducing system cost, weight, size and power.
Yet a further object of the present invention is to dynamically allocate power among a plurality of beams being simultaneously transmitted by a common antenna.
Another object of the present invention is to efficiently generate constant-envelope signals to allow use of saturated high power amplifiers in signal transmission.
The aforesaid objects are achieved individually and in combination, and it is not intended that the present invention be construed as requiring two or more of the objects to be combined unless expressly required by the claims attached hereto.
In accordance with the present invention, a plurality of signals can be simultaneously transmitted on a plurality of beams from a phased array antenna at a common frequency. The technique involves forming composite signals that correspond to respective antenna elements in the antenna array. The phases of the composite signals are a function of signal modulations of the component signals and phases of the respective antenna elements required to form the corresponding beams. By digitally forming the composite signals, taking into account the modulation phase and beam-forming phase of each signal at each antenna element, multiple individually steerable beams, each with it's own unique signal, can be generated.
More specifically, for example, a method of transmitting two signals from a common antenna includes: generating a first signal for transmission via a first transmit beam; generating a second signal for transmission via a second transmit beam; forming a composite signal that includes the first and second signals, wherein the phase of the composite signal accounts for signal modulation and beam forming characteristics of the first and second signals; and transmitting the composite signal from the common antenna, thereby transmitting the first signal via the first transmit beam and transmitting the second signal via the second transmit beam. For example, the first transmit beam can be a GPS earth coverage beam and the second transmit beam can be a steerable GPS spot beam. This can be easily extended to include additional beams with additional signals.
The common antenna can be a phased array antenna comprising an array of antenna elements, where a plurality of composite signals corresponding to respective antenna elements are formed, with the phases of the composite signals being a function of the signal modulation and the phases of respective antenna elements required to form the plurality of transmit beams.
In accordance with one embodiment, a plurality of first modulated signals are phase shifted in accordance with phases of the respective antenna elements required to form the first transmit beam, and a plurality of second modulated signals are separately phase shifted in accordance with phases of the respective antenna elements required to form the second transmit beam. The two sets of phase shifted signals are then combined to form the plurality of composite signals. The first and second modulated signals can be separately attenuated to control the distribution of power between the first and second transmit beams.
In accordance another embodiment, a plurality of digital composite signals corresponding to the respective antenna elements are formed, wherein phases of the digital composite signals are a function of modulation of the first and second signals and phases of the respective antenna elements required to form the first and second transmit beams. The digital composite signals are converted to analog composite signals and carrier signals are modulated with the analog composite signals to form the plurality of composite signals. Phases of a plurality of first digital signals corresponding to the respective antenna elements are determined based on a modulation of the first signal and phases of the respective antenna elements required to form the first transmit beam. Similarly, phases of a plurality of second digital signals corresponding to the respective antenna elements are determined based on a modulation of the second signal and phases of the respective antenna elements required to form the second transmit beam. The plurality of digital composite signals are then formed based on the phases and amplitudes of the plurality of first and second digital signals.
With this embodiment, according to one approach, the digital composite signals are computed from a vector sum of the first and second digital signals. More specifically, for each antenna element, a composite phase is determined based on the phase and amplitude of the component signals, where the phase of each component signal is, in turn, determined from the instantaneous modulation phase and beam forming phase of the component signal for each antenna element. Advantageously, the composite signal can have a constant envelope, which permits the use of efficient, saturated high power amplifiers.
According to another approach, the digital composite signals are formed by interleaving the first and second digital signals in a time division manner. This approach avoids signal clipping that may occur with summing the signals. Distribution of power between the beams can be controlled by selecting the ratio of the time segments allocated to each of the signals in the interleave pattern.
An apparatus for transmitting a plurality of signals in accordance with the invention includes the aforementioned phased array antenna and a transmitter system. The transmitter system receives a first signal for transmission via a first transmit beam and a second signal for transmission via a second transmit beam and possibly additional signals for transmission via additional transmit beams, and forms a plurality of composite signals for respective antenna elements of the phased array antenna, wherein phases of the composite signals are a function of signal modulations of the multiple signals and phases of the respective antenna elements required to form the multiple transmit beams.
The following descriptions of various embodiments assume that only two signals are to be transmitted via two transmit beams, for simplicity. Note that the invention is not limited to two signals via two beams. It can be utilized to transmit several independent signals, each via its own dedicated, independently steerable beam.
According to the embodiment in which the first and second signals are separately modulated and phase shifted, the transmitter system includes a first power splitter that produces a plurality of first modulated signals from the first signal; a first array of phase shifters that phase shift the first modulated signals in accordance with phases of the respective antenna elements required to form the first transmit beam; a second power splitter that produces a plurality of second modulated signals from the second signal; a second array of phase shifters that phase shift the second modulated signals in accordance with phases of the respective antenna elements required to form the second transmit beam; and a combiner that combines the phase shifted first modulated signals with respective phase shifted second modulated signals to form the plurality of composite signals. A first array of attenuators can be used to attenuate the first modulated signals and a second array of attenuators can be used to attenuate the second modulated signals to control a distribution of power between the first and second transmit beams. Since the composite signal does not have a constant envelope in the embodiment, the transmitter system requires an array of linear amplifiers that respectively amplify the plurality of composite signals.
In accordance with the digital implementation, the transmitter system includes a processor that forms a plurality of digital composite signals corresponding to the respective antenna elements, wherein phases of the digital composite signals are a function of modulation of the first and second signals and phases of the respective antenna elements required to form the first and second transmit beams. An array of digital-to-analog converters convert the digital composite signals to analog composite signals, and an array of signal modulators modulate carrier signals with the analog composite signals to form the plurality of composite signals.
The processor determines phases of a plurality of first digital signals corresponding to the respective antenna elements based on a modulation of the first signal and phases of the respective antenna elements required to form the first transmit beam, and determines phases of a plurality of second digital signals corresponding to the respective antenna elements based on a modulation of the second signal and phases of the respective antenna elements required to form the second transmit beam. The processor then forms the plurality of digital composite signals based on the phases and amplitudes of the plurality of first and second digital signals. This can be accomplished using the aforementioned summing approach or the interleaving approach.
The above and still further objects, features and advantages of the present invention will become apparent upon consideration of the following definitions, descriptions and descriptive figures of specific embodiments thereof wherein like reference numerals in the various figures are utilized to designate like components. While these descriptions go into specific details of the invention, it should be understood that variations may and do exist and would be apparent to those skilled in the art based on the descriptions herein.
The system described herein provides a unique method for simultaneously transmitting multiple beams, each with its own signal component, from the same active phased array antenna. This configuration eliminates the need for separate antennas and transmitters for each of the required beams. The system is capable of forming multiple simultaneous beams, for example an earth coverage beam and multiple spot beams covering multiple theaters of operation, with the capability to re-allocate power among the various beams, which, in the context of satellite systems, can be performed on-orbit. The composite signal applied to each high-power amplifier (HPA) preferably, although not necessarily, has a constant amplitude envelope, which permits the use of saturated HPAs with their attendant power efficiency.
As used herein, the terms antenna beam(s), transmit beam(s) or simply "beam(s)", including spot beams and earth-coverage beams, refer generally to radiated energy concentrated in a certain direction. The radiated antenna beam is formed by a directional antenna and radiates over a particular angular region in accordance with the antenna pattern (i.e., the radiated field intensity as a function of angle), resulting in transmission of a directed signal. The antenna beam may be fixed in a particular direction or may be electronically or mechanically steered over a range of directions. In the case of an antenna comprising an array of antenna elements that individually transmit signals in a coordinated manner, it is possible to electronically steer the antenna beam by controlling the relative phases of the signals transmitted by the antenna elements.
The term "multi-beam, multi-signal" refers to the simultaneous transmission of two or more different beams (e.g., having different directions and/or shapes) from a common antenna at the same carrier frequency, wherein two or more different signals (e.g., containing different information, having different timing, signal structure, coding, etc.) are being transmitted via the beams, and at least one of the beams carries a signal that is different from a signal carried by at least one other of the beams. The simplest example is a two-beam configuration (e.g., a GPS spot beam and earth coverage beam) in which one of the beams carries a first signal and the other beam carries a second, different signal, wherein both signals are transmitted at the same frequency (e.g., the GPS L1 frequency). The term "multi-beam, multi-signal" does not preclude more complex arrangements (e.g., three or more beams wherein each beam can carry its own unique signal or the same signal that is carried on one or more of the other beams.)
To better appreciate the invention, a more typical two-antenna configuration for generating two separate beams with separate signals is first described. Referring to
Referring to the spot beam transmitter system shown on the left side of
Similarly, a spot beam signal at the L2 frequency is amplified by a preamplifier 24 and supplied to a power splitter 26 that distributes the L2 spot beam signal to an array of variable phase shifters 28 that correspond to respective L2 antenna elements in the antenna array and effect beam steering of the L2 spot beam. Each of the L2 spot beam signals is amplified by a corresponding HPA 30 (one HPA for each L2 antenna element) and transmitted via a corresponding L2 antenna element, such that the array of phase-shifted L2 spot beam signals forms the electronically steered L2 spot beam.
In the system shown in
Similarly, an earth coverage beam signal at the L2 frequency is amplified by a preamplifier 40 and supplied to a power splitter 42 that distributes the L2 earth coverage beam signal to an array of phase shifters 44. Each of the phase-shifted signals is amplified by a corresponding HPA 46 prior to transmission. As with the L1 earth coverage beam, because sets of L2 earth coverage beam antenna elements have the same phase shift, certain elements can be grouped and driven by a single fixed phase shifter and HPA, such that the number of fixed phase shifters and HPAs may be less than the number of L2 antenna elements. As will be appreciated from the configuration shown in
The signal combining techniques of the present invention permit multiple, different antenna beams carrying multiple, different signals to be simultaneously transmitted using a single set of transmitter hardware and a single antenna. More specifically, the combining technique operates on a particular RF carrier to simultaneously transmit via a common antenna (e.g., a phased-array antenna) at least first and second signals at the same frequency, wherein the first signal is transmitted via a first antenna beam, and the second signal is transmitted via a second antenna beam that can, in general, be different from the first antenna beam in direction, beamwidth, power, antenna gain pattern, etc.
Most signals of interest for communication and navigation applications are different phase modulations of the same RF carrier, and beam-forming is accomplished by imparting additional phase shifts to the signals that are applied to each of the antenna elements. An important concept underlying the present invention is to combine phase modulation and beam-forming to derive a composite phase for application to each array element. At any instant of time, the signal phase will vary from one array element to another in order to effect the configuration of beams, while, at any one array element the signal phase varies in time due to the phase modulation on the various signals. A variety of methods can be used to combine the various signal components to achieve the desired composite signal, and the optimal combining technique is dependent on the specific application. Some example techniques are described herein.
The most straight-forward signal combining technique to achieve the desired result of multiple beams with corresponding different signals is to sum the signals corresponding to each beam.
For each antenna element (or group), signal combining system 50 includes a phase shifter 52 that phase shifts the earth coverage signal (designated as the "EC Signal") at a particular frequency and phase shifter 54 that phase shifts the spot beam signal at the same frequency. The input earth coverage signal shown in
The phase-shifted earth coverage signal and spot beam signal are respectively attenuated by attenuators 56 and 58, which are used to allocate power between the two beams. The attenuated earth coverage and spot beam signals, which are both constant envelope signals, are supplied to a zero phase hybrid 60, which can be, for example, a standard RF signal combiner such as a Wilkinson Combiner. The resulting composite signal has a non-constant envelope. Consequently, a linear amplifier 62 is used to amplify the composite signal prior to transmission by an antenna element 64 (or group of elements where permitted by symmetry).
This configuration produces a dual beam (earth coverage and spot) with separate signals on each beam, and provides the capability to allocate total power between the two beams by adjusting the attenuators. One disadvantage of this technique is that the composite signal that is supplied to the amplifier is not a constant envelope signal, so the amplifier needs to be a linear amplifier, which is less efficient than a saturated amplifier, as described above. Also, if additional beams with additional signals are appended, additional headroom must be allocated in the linear amplifier to accommodate larger amplitude swings in the composite signal, further degrading power efficiency.
In accordance with another embodiment, power efficiency can generally be improved by adding a third signal component that results in a constant envelope composite signal. At any instant of time, the earth coverage signal and the spot beam signal will have an arbitrary phase shift between them, since the absolute phase of each signal is the sum of the phase from its modulating signal and the phase required to form its desired beam shape. In the context of the GPS example involving a spot beam and earth coverage beam, the beam forming phase angle for the spot beam is generally much slower changing than the phase angle from the signal modulation, and the phase angle for the fixed earth coverage beam is constant for each antenna element.
Understanding of the concept of generating a constant envelope signal using an additional signal component is facilitated by the vector analysis described in conjunction with
Referring now to
At any arbitrary instant of time, the composite signal can be derived as follows:
m i =s*cos(α)+e*cos(β) (1)
m q =s*sin(α)+e*sin(β) (2)
Then the angle, θ, of the composite signal can be determined:
θ=tan−1(mq/mi) (3)
The in-phase (I) and quadrature (Q) channel inputs can then be computed as:
I=c*cos(θ) (4)
Q=c*sin(θ) (5)
As shown in
The resultant composite signal can be viewed as the vector summation of the spot beam signal vector and the earth coverage signal vector, plus the additional third signal component that serves to re-scale the signal to the appropriate amplitude. The net result of adding this third signal component is the composite signal, c, which has a constant amplitude (radius of the circle), allowing the use of highly efficient saturated amplifiers. This concept can be easily extended to more than two beams with a unique signal on each beam, while maintaining a constant amplitude (envelope) signal. The power contained in the additional signal component, labeled "Third Signal Component" in
Note that it is not necessary to implement three signal channels for each array element in order to achieve this constant envelope condition. The composite signal vector c in
This configuration eliminates the need for high speed hardware phase shifters at each array element. Each array element amplifier is supplied an in-phase and quadrature component (two RF carrier components that are in phase quadrature), and the magnitude and sign of these two components are generated in the processor. Note that the processor must be fast enough to perform these calculations for each array element at the modulating signal rate. This is well within modern processor/FPGA capabilities for the GPS signals.
An implementation of a multi-beam, multi-signal system employing a constant envelope composite signal in the context of a GPS satellite transmitter generating spot beams and earth coverage beams at the L1 and L2 frequency is shown in FIG. 5. In the GPS satellite transmitter system shown in
At the L1 carrier frequency, a composite in-phase (I) channel digital signal is supplied to digital-to-analog converter 74, while a composite quadrature (Q) channel digital signal is supplied to digital-to-analog converter 76. The input I and Q channel digital signals, which include both the spot beam signal and earth coverage beam signals, are periodically generated by a processor at a rate on the order of the modulating signal rate in accordance with equations (1)-(5) above for each element in the array. Specifically, the composite phase θ is periodically determined from the amplitudes and instantaneous phases of the spot beam and earth coverage beam signals, and digital signals having amplitudes c*cos(θ) and c*sin(θ) are periodically supplied to I and Q D/A converters 74 and 76, respectively. Note that, for each antenna element, the instantaneous phase of the spot beam signal is the sum of the instantaneous modulation phase of the spot beam signal and the phase shift associated with that antenna element required for beam steering. Likewise, for each antenna element, the instantaneous phase of the earth coverage beam signal is the sum of the instantaneous modulation phase of the earth coverage beam signal and the phase shift associated with beam forming for that antenna element. Thus, in general, the input I and Q signals differ from element to element and are determined for each antenna element in the antenna array at the digital signal rate (i.e., at the signal modulation rate).
It will be understood that any of a variety of conventional computing techniques can be used to determine the angle θand the I and Q input signals, including the use of lookup tables and the like. As shown in
Referring again to
Similarly, at the L2 carrier frequency, a composite in-phase (I) channel digital signal is supplied to digital-to-analog converter 86, while a composite quadrature (Q) channel digital signal is supplied to digital-to-analog converter 88. The analog I channel signal is supplied to a signal modulator 90 (e.g., a mixer) that modulates the in-phase L2 carrier signal (cos(ωL2t)) with the I channel signal. Similarly, the analog Q channel signal is supplied to a signal modulator 92 that modulates the quadrature L2 carrier signal (sin(ωL2t)) with the Q channel signal. The modulated in-phase and quadrature signals are combined by combiner 94 and amplified by high power amplifier 96 prior to transmission of the composite signal by the respective L2 antenna element. While not shown in
Importantly, the combined signal supplied to each HPA 84 in the L1 array (and each HPA 96 in the L2 array) is a constant envelope signal that includes both the spot beam signal and the earth coverage beam signal. Consequently, each HPA 84 (and each HPA 96) can be a saturated HPA that transmits a constant envelope signal. The total transmitted power can be adjusted by controlling the saturated power level of each HPA 84 via a power command, which changes the amplifier bias point and allocation of the total power among the various composite signal—beam combinations is effected in the signal combining process. Note that, while each individual antenna element generates a constant envelope signal, the power levels of individual antenna elements may differ from each other, depending on such factors as beam shaping and the number of beam being supported by particular elements. For example, while most or all of the antenna elements in the array would typically be used to generate a steerable spot beam, only a certain number of the antenna elements near the center of the array might be required to generate a stationary earth coverage beam. Consequently, a group of inner antenna elements in the array may be required to generate a composite signal having a higher power level, while the remaining outer elements that support only the spot beam may have lower power levels.
While the configuration shown in
In accordance with yet another embodiment, another technique for combining the various signal components is to utilize a time division multiplexing (TDMA) scheme to time-interleave different beams. For each antenna array element, the composite phase angle for each beam can be calculated, as described above in connection with FIG. 4. However, instead of summing the two vectors, the phase angle that is applied to the array element is alternated between the two angles. The interleaving of the beams can be accomplished by generating digital signals with the appropriate phase at the modulation rate of the signals. Accordingly, this embodiment can be carried out using the same transmitter and antenna hardware shown in FIG. 5.
Equally alternating between the two angles would effect equal power distribution between the two beams, but any desired power ratio can be achieved by generating more of one than the other. For example, selecting the phase angle for beam A twice for every single selection of the phase angle for beam B, would result in a power ratio of 22 (or 4). Equally alternating between A and B, except that at every fifth time instant the angle for A is generated twice in a row, would result in a power ratio of (6/5)2 (or 1.44). With this technique, virtually any power ratio can be effected and the method can easily be extended to more than two beams. There is some combining loss with this technique, and the loss is dependent on the power ratios, but the power efficiency is generally much greater than with linear combining (i.e., the first embodiment described above), and this approach eliminates the disadvantages associated with the "clipping" technique (i.e., the second embodiment described above).
Note that the multi-beam, multi-signal concept is not dependent on the particular signal combining technique that is used. Multiple, independently steered beams, each with its own signal, can be achieved with a single active phased array using any of the signal combining techniques mentioned above, or others. With this technology, additional beams and additional signals can be added (or removed) with no hardware changes, provided sufficient total power is available. In the context of satellite systems, signals and beams can be added on-orbit via software changes and power can be freely allocated among the various beams and signals.
The ability to transmit multiple beams, each with its own unique signal, is an extremely desirable feature for a wide range of diverse applications that require simultaneous transmission of multiple signals, including future generations of GPS, GPS augmentation systems, radar systems, wireless telephony, satellite communication systems, the Global Multi-Mission Service Platform (GMSP), systems employing code division multiple access (CDMA) multiplexing and others communication systems.
The system of the present invention may be implemented using any of a variety of hardware and software configurations and is not limited to any particular configuration. For example, RF signal amplification and/or phase shifting can be performed within an integrated module containing the antenna element, or discrete amplifier, phase shifter and antenna element components can be employed. The size of antenna array not limited to any particular number of radiating antenna elements and can be configured using any appropriate number and arrangement of antenna elements required to meet particular system requirements, such as beamwidth, scan angle, antenna gain, and radiated power. Since beamwidth is a function of antenna size, the smallest spot beam required will be a determining factor in the overall size of the antenna array.
The multi-beam, multi-signal techniques of the present invention can be implemented in a programmable waveform generator of a transmitter system that is remotely reprogrammable. Such an implementation allows remote programmability of transmission and/or reception parameters (e.g., modulation characteristics) of units in the field, such as satellites in orbit, communications infrastructure, and mobile communication devices, including wireless telephones to accommodate system requirements that change over the lifetime of the communication equipment. The capability to reprogram the waveform generator is especially valuable in the space satellite context, where changes in required modulation can take many years and a new satellite design to accomplish. With the reprogrammable waveform generator of the present invention on board, a satellite can be reprogrammed in orbit. In general, the multi-beam, multi-signal techniques can be implemented using any suitable combination of hardware and software.
Depending on beamwidth, antenna gain and power requirements, it may not be necessary to use every antenna element in the array to form every beam. For example, all antenna elements of the array may be used to form a spot beam, while only a subset of those elements may be needed to form an earth coverage beam. In this case, certain antenna elements (inner elements) are transmitting composite signals containing two signals (i.e., the spot beam signal and the earth-coverage beam signal) combined in the manner described above, while other antenna elements (outer elements) transmit only one signal (i.e., the spot beam signal).
Although capable of transmitting a different signal with each respective beam, the techniques of the present invention can be used to send the same signals on more than one beam. For example, a scenario could exist in which an earth-coverage beam carries a first signal, while two separate spot beams oriented in different directions both carry the same second signal. In general, any combination of signals and beams can be generated by applying appropriate phase shifts to the individual antenna elements.
Having described preferred embodiments of new and improved methods and apparatus for multi-beam, multi-signal transmission for active phased array antenna, it is believed that other modifications, variations and changes will be suggested to those skilled in the art in view of the teachings set forth herein. It is therefore to be understood that all such variations, modifications and changes are believed to fall within the scope of the present invention as defined by the appended claims. Although specific terms are employed herein, they are used in a generic and descriptive sense only and not for purposes of limitation.
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|Newberg Irwin L.
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|Purdy Daniel S.
|Apparatus for and method of forming multiple simultaneous electronically scanned beams using direct digital synthesis
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|M/A-Com, Inc.
|Radar system having a beamless emission signature
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|Robert Bosch Gmbh
|Radar sensor
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|The Boeing Company
|On orbit variable power high power amplifiers for a satellite communications system
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|Tzero Technologies, Inc.
|Average EIRP control of multiple antenna transmission signals
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|The Aerospace Corporation
|Higher-order intermodulation reduction using phase and angle smearing
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|Quintel Technology Limited
|Mobile radio base station
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|The United States Of America As Represented By The Secretary Of The Navy
|System for simultaneously transmitting multiple signals through each element of a radar array
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|NDSSI Holdings, LLC
|Method and apparatus for transmitter calibration
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|Intel Mobile Communications GmbH
|Variable-size mixer for high gain range transmitter
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|Raytheon Company
|Methods and apparatus for super-element phased array radiator
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|Method and apparatus for attenuating a transmitted feedthrough signal
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|Methods and apparatus for volumetric coverage with image beam super-elements
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|Raytheon Company
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|Intel Mobile Communications GmbH
|Variable-size mixer for high gain range transmitter
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|Jun 21, 2016
|Raytheon Company
|Method and apparatus for reducing sidelobes in large phased array radar with super-elements
|Feb 12, 2003
|Aug 12, 2004
|Eng John E.
|On orbit variable power high power amplifiers for a satellite communications system
|Jun 3, 2005
|Dec 29, 2005
|Klaus-Dieter Miosga
|Radar sensor
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|Quintel Technology Limited
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|M/A Com, Inc.
|Radar system having a beamless emission signature
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|Tzero Technologies, Inc.
|Average EIRP control of multiple antenna transmission signals
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|Jun 14, 2007
|Tzero Technologies, Inc.
|Method and apparatus for transmitter calibration
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|The Aerospace Corporation
|Higher-order intermodulation reduction using phase and angle smearing
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|Gilb James P
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|International Classification
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Owner name: ITT MANUFACTURING ENTERPRISES, INC., DELAWARE
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Joined on Nov 12, 2011
JimW-203: Query:
If one wanted to use this feature to do a quick (relatively) and dirty focus stacking for macro, does it seem logical/possible through the LR path?
Hypothetically, as I understand the feature, the process would be:
1) take the shot and then
2) use LR to establish up to 30 jpegs, each with a different point of focus.
3) stack the 30 shots in PS or other appropriate editing software
4) edit, enhance, etc. the result as needed/desired
Considerations I might consider adding in the process would be:
1) convert the first output (the 30 frames) to TIFF or other lossless format before the stacking and editing phase in order to minimize damage to the final output
2) as with all macro, plan the shot in advance and use a tripod
3) select the frames to be used with care - using all 30 might not add enough to make the processing time and overhead worth it.
Does this seem either doable or desirable? Comments, please.
This is done through changing lens focus. At long distances this hopefully does not change the framing too much but at macro distances it highly depends on the lens. Any focus breathing will make the stacking task quite onerous. 'Normal' slow focus stacking can be done with a combination of lens focus and camera shift so you can even use a lens with focus breathing.
riveredger: The amount of hostility conveyed in some of these threads is simply juvenile. Did you guys get so negative before you were photographers or because you are photographers?
Mainly because of tribalism. Tribalism itself is juvenile enough. Tribalism based on brands of products is beyond juvenile. And yet it is human nature. At least compared with tribalism based on religion, ideology, etc. this does not hurt or kill anyone...
Frank C.: sold all my gear and didn't buy this, just sold all my gear, my iphone is sufficient for my photographic needs, the camera companies and their overpriced hype can stick it anywhere they want
Suppose this won't be too popular, so I liked it.
Sad Joe: Are these the same glass as the Sony / Zeiss BATIS range ? If so strange that on the Sony they are AF but not on Canon or Nikon. Its not like Zeiss could not afford the licence, also it appears to make the BATIS range rather better value for money. Score one for Sony !
The Batis range is available in Japan with a genuine Cosina warranty so could be manufactured by Cosina. There is no overlap between Batis and Milvus so they are not Batis dressed in Milvus clothing.
happypoppeye: Would probably still buy the 25 f/1.4.
It's fairly reasonable to expect them to have 'screwed up the bokeh' or in other words, not set the bokeh as an important design factor. There has to be some design compromise somewhere...
Lenses keep growing in size. 67mm filters for modest aperture normal primes now. Very soon filter companies will be able to remove 52mm and smaller sizes from their catalogs...
IZO100: ahhh 4/3 ratio... What a silly idea.
A circular sensor has the problem of costing essentially the same (actually more considering the trimming needed) as a square one that fully contains the circle. The processing needed will also be the same as for the larger square sensor, if you want to eventually display a circular image. It's perhaps better to just use a large square sensor that fully contains the image circle anyway and the in-camera software can have auto cropping features for the user to pick and choose. Option 0 - keep the entire circle (which means also keeping the dark corners), option 1 - square format, option 3 - 5:4, etc. until option n: 1:3 or some super wide cinema format. The VF will display the chosen format.
Paul_B Midlands UK: Was interesting to see, especially the benefits of getting f2.8 or wider, last weekend I hit some limitations with my Sony supawide zoom f4 (ouch) with a6000 and slow to focus is poor light rx10. Note no flash allowed .. Nice too see what the better gear or lens at least can do. Here bad light gig shots and BMXing! https://www.flickr.com/photos/127926668@N02/sets/72157656523732600
I have no faith to use iso more than 1250 images seem to degrade too much or maybe that's Sony's rather less impressive jpg engine. Its a reason is like to sell up and move in to maybe high qual m4/3.
Looking at the flickr page OP linked to, neither OIS nor IBIS would have been much use as the subjects were moving.
steve_hoge: Would be nice to see the results of pairing these lenses with the OMD EM-5 Mk II body shooting in hi-res (40Mp) mode.
Not with the moving water. HiRez with moving water ouch.
ChrisH37: What happened to the Panasonic 150mm 2.8? Killed off due to the Olympus 40-150 2.8?
The lack of fast-ish telephotos is puzzling, if ever a system was ready made for it then you would think M4/3 would be it, particularly as there are now a number of DSLR style bodies with decent grips.
A 200mm f4 would be nice, for example.
One day there will be an FF 800/13 zoom, or an APSC equivalent both of which of similar weight and size to this lens. Then we will have multiple choices to work with. Until then, these arguments are academic.
ThirstyDursty: The DFD feature could be good for automating macro image stacks. Rather then using a macro slider or manually moving focus...it could do it automatically with no gaps...then choose the start and finish frame and stack in post.
Assuming no focus breathing, which at macro distances could be a problem.
ChrisH37: What happened to the Panasonic 150mm 2.8? Killed off due to the Olympus 40-150 2.8?
The lack of fast-ish telephotos is puzzling, if ever a system was ready made for it then you would think M4/3 would be it, particularly as there are now a number of DSLR style bodies with decent grips.
A 200mm f4 would be nice, for example.
You kill my 150/2.8. I kill your 300/4 back.
Zeisschen: It sounds like a much more simple but at the same time higher resolution approach compared to the Lytro. The difference is, it won't capture just one shot but a short video sequence. That might matter for moving subjects.
Rolling shutter could also be an issue there, but eventually Panasonic sensors are als fast enough like Sony stacked ones to eliminate it.
Good point. And you cannot just make exposures with the lens in continuous focus motion. The lens has to stop at each point to expose a frame, then move to the next point and expose a frame, etc. CDAF lenses are good for this king of thing, but good enough to which point?
CrashMaster: The way technology is going the photographer will be in danger of being made redundant.
This could have been said when almost every technological development was made in cameras and lenses, and yet we still have photographers today, more of them than ever. Specific skills become redundant, but hopefully not the artist.
Peter Heckert2: This might be the end of PDAF and mirror technology.
Not necessarily, the focus distance sweep might miss a moving subject, i.e. it ends up chasing the subject a few paces behind always throughout all the individual images with the subject never in focus.
Shiranai: So far this technology as well as light field technology is still inferior to real bokeh captured by a lens.
Afterward bokeh calculations always struggle when it comes to difficult and detailed objects like branches or semi-transparent objects. Light field bokeh has still problems with artifacts, resolution and IQ is rather low.
I'm looking forward to Panasonics approach but I think there has yet to flow a lot of water down the river till we see any major breaktroughs. And even then, people will still prefer lenses for their analogue and retro look.
I don't know about Lytro, but this technology of sweeping through the focus range with a number of individual shots does give 'real bokeh' caused by the analogue properties of lenses.
The Straw Man: Well looks like 711 people figured out that a stupid law like that could put a dent in big money businesses like tourism. It would really put a damper on vacationers not being able to actually post photos of where they're traveling.
No you don't need to nab everyone, or anyone. Just go knocking on the doors of 'American giants' like Google, Facebook and Wikipedia which this law is ostensibly targeting. Amazon, and by extension DPR, probably also qualify. Much simpler solution. However these giants have 'the people' on their side this time...
Don Finch: So does this mean I can go to Paris France in September and not have to worry about being thrown in prison for taking pictures of my favorite place on earth?
Just looking for clarification from a Paris resident on what to expect.
In many cases taking pictures is not illegal but using them commercially without the agreement of the copyright holder might be. So arrest in real time is extremely unlikely.
DavidKennard: Pretty good, but still missing a few things:
Fully articulated LCD
Global shutter
Built in teasmade
You forgot uncompressed real RAW.
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