text:
|Publication number
|Publication type
|Application number
|Publication date
|Apr 23, 1985
|Filing date
|Feb 15, 1983
|Priority date
|Feb 15, 1983
|Fee status
|Publication number
|Loman Rensink
|Original Assignee
|Hughes Aircraft Company
|Export Citation
|BiBTeX, EndNote, RefMan
|Patent Citations (1), Referenced by (36), Classifications (9), Legal Events (9)
|External Links: USPTO, USPTO Assignment, Espacenet
The present invention generally relates to power converters and, more specifically, to high-power, low-to-high voltage DC-to-AC and DC-to-DC voltage boosting power converters.
There are many applications, particularly in avionics, that require high-voltage (in the area of 10 kV), high-power output (in the area of 1.5 kW) power supplies. Often due to size, weight, or other limiting factors, the high-voltage power output must be generated from an existing, relatively lower voltage power supply. In such cases, a step-up or low-to-high-voltage boosting converter is typically used. Preferably, this boost converter should be capable of a wide range of output voltages so as to be adaptable to a wide variety of applications. Further, the design of the converter must necessarily be such that it does not interfere in the operation of the device being powered.
One class of commonly used power converters includes the numerous circuit variants of the basic inductive switched mode DC-to-DC voltage boosting converter. The basic switched mode converter is generally characterized as having a voltage gain that is directly related to the duty cycle of an applied converter control signal. This converter also characteristically has an output voltage ripple frequency that is approximately equal to the converter switch drive signal frequency. Voltage gain is here defined as the ratio of the converter output voltage to the converter input voltage. Duty cycle is here defined as the conduction period of the converter switch, responsive to the converter switch drive signal, to the total switch cycle period. As is well-known in the art, the voltage gain of the converter is given by the equation:
Vg =1/(1-D)
where Vg is voltage gain and D is duty cycle. Thus, based on this equation, an arbitrarily high-voltage gain can theoretically be obtained by the use of a converter switch drive signal having a duty cycle approaching unity. Also theoretically, any desirably high frequency of ripple in the output voltage potential, as required for non-interference with the device being powered, might be achieved by using a correspondingly high converter switch drive signal frequency.
In actual practice, however, there are a number of limitations on the voltage gain and ripple frequency, as well as the maximum output voltage and current, that can be realized when using the basic switched mode converter. In particular, both the maximum duty cycle and frequency of the converter switch drive signal are effectively limited by converter component and circuit non-idealities. That is, the power conversion efficiency and voltage gain of the converter begin to deteriorate rapidly whenever either an excessively high converter switch drive signal frequency or a duty cycle closely approaching unity, or both, are used.
The maximum output voltage and current are also limited by the converter components used. A typical switched mode converter utilizes an inductor to boost the converter input voltage. A switch, typically a transistor, is employed to charge the inductor by periodically shorting the converter input voltage through the inductor to ground or another reference voltage potential. In turn, when the switch is not conducting, the inductor impresses a boosted voltage potential across the switch. Thus, it is the collector to emitter, or equivalent, breakdown voltage and peak collector, or equivalent, current capacity that directly limits the maximum steady state voltage and current output of the converter. Consequently, the power transfer capability of the basic switched mode converter is also limited.
Another limitation associated with the use of the basic switched mode converter is that it does not provide a power isolated output. Power isolation is typically required between devices powered by the high-voltage power supply and those powered by the low-voltage power supply, from which the high-voltage supply is derived. Power isolation decreases the possibility of undesirable interference between the devices being powered and correspondingly increases their functional reliability.
Numerous circuit variants of the basic switched mode converter have been developed to avoid the above limitations. These variants typically employ an AC coupling transformer to provide power output isolation. An additional benefit of using an isolation transformer is that it can also be used to increase the voltage gain of the converter. By increasing the turns ratio of the secondary winding to the primary winding, the voltage potential across the secondary is proportionally increased with respect to the primary. Further, through the use of multiple secondary windings, the transformer can provide several isolated power outputs.
More elaborate variants have been designed specifically to provide high-voltage power outputs having substantially reduced output voltage ripple. A representative sampling of these circuit variants is shown in U.S. Pat. Nos. 4,251,087 and 4,184,197. Typically, these converter variants use either inductive filtering or inductively coupled feedback, or both, to improve the stability of the output voltage potential. This effectively reduces the possible interference of the switched mode converter with the operation of the device being powered and, therefore, avoids the need for excessively high converter switch drive signal frequencies.
These improved variants of the basic switched mode converter, however, are not without their disadvantages. For example, the addition of the transformer requires the converter circuit design to be modified so as to prevent DC saturation of the transformer core. DC saturation, as is well-known, would effectively inhibit the operation of the converter. This naturally results in an increase in converter design complexity, size, and weight and a corresponding decrease in converter power conversion efficiency.
Use of the transformer turns ratio to increase voltage gain also has the disadvantage of decreasing converter power conversion efficiency. The parasitic capacitance inherently present in the secondary winding is multiplied by the turns ratio squared and effectively reflected into the primary winding. This multiplied capacitance thereby acts as a substantial capacitive power load on the low-voltage power supply. Since this power is consumed by the converter, the overall power conversion efficiency is decreased.
The general purpose of the present invention is therefore to provide a multi-phase DC-to-AC voltage boosting converter suitable for use either alone or as the low-power, or primary, stage in a power isolated, high output voltage DC-to-DC voltage converter.
The general embodiment of the invention is comprised of a plurality of transformer primary windings electrically interconnected in a single loop mesh configuration and a plurality of voltage boosting channels, each phase-channel being operationaly associated with a separate primary winding and commonly connected to a low voltage power source. The phase-channels are operated so as to periodically provide a boosted voltage potential to the primary windings in a continuously cycling, multi-phase synchronous relationship to one another so that a corresponding multi-phase, high-voltage AC potential is provided across each of said primary windings.
A particular advantage of the present invention is its inherent flexibility. The DC-to-AC converter's design is compatible with a wide variety of AC-to-DC converters and voltage multiplier circuits. Thus, the converter is adaptable to a large number of applications requiring efficient DC-to-DC voltage boost power conversion.
Another advantage of the present invention is the simplicity of the basic converter configuration. This permits the use of a low number of non-critical parts and, consequently, provides a high degree of circuit reliability.
Still another advantage of the present invention is its ability to provide a number of power isolated high-voltage AC outputs through the use of a simple transformer configuration having multiple untapped primary windings.
Yet another advantage of the present invention is that its operation can be directly controlled by low-voltage, low-power multi-phase synchronous converter switch drive signals. This, in turn, permits direct regulation of the output voltage by altering the common duty cycle of the control signals.
Further advantages and attendant features of the present invention will become apparent and readily appreciated as the same becomes better understood by reference to the following detailed description when considered in connection with the accompanying drawings, in which like reference numerals designate like parts throughout the figures, and wherein:
FIG. 1a is a circuit schematic of the basic inductive switch mode DC-to-DC boost converter;
FIG. 1b is an ideal graphical representation of a converter switch drive signal that can be used to operate the DC-to-DC boost converter shown in FIG. 1a;
FIG. 2a is a simplified circuit schematic of the preferred multi-phase DC-to-AC boost converter embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 2b is an ideal graphical representation of a three-phase set of converter switch drive signals that can be used to operate the preferred DC-to-AC embodiment of the present invention shown in FIG. 2a;
FIG. 3 is a circuit schematic of the preferred DC-to-DC boost converter embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 4 is an ideal graphical representation of the corresponding node and phase winding voltages present during the operation of the preferred embodiment of the present invention when driven by the converter switch drive signals shown in FIG. 2b;
FIG. 5a is a simplified circuit schematic of an alternate multi-phase embodiment of the present invention; and
FIG. 5b is an ideal graphical representation of a five-phase set of converter switch drive signals that can be used to operate the alternate embodiment of the present invention shown in FIG. 5a.
In order to gain a better understanding of the operation of the present invention, the design and operation of the basic switched mode DC-to-DC power converter, indicated in FIG. 1 by reference numeral 10, will first be described. The converter can roughly be separated into two sections: a voltage boost section formed by the inductor 14 and the switch 16, represented for purposes of illustration only as a FET transistor; and a half-wave rectifying and filtering section formed by the diode 22 and the capacitor 24. Operation of the circuit is controlled by a converter switch drive signal, typically a duty cycle variable pulse train such as shown in FIG. 1b, applied to the switch 16. During the conduction time of the transistor 16, the input voltage potential, Vi, provided on the power input terminal 12 is impressed across the inductor 14. When the transistor 16 is switched off, the polarity of the voltage potential appearing across the inductor 14 reverses and, in series summation with the input voltage potential, Vi, provides a boosted voltage potential, Vb, at node 18. Since the switch 16 is periodically operated, the voltage potential, Vb, appearing at node 18 is an AC voltage potential having a peak voltage potential that is inherently greater than the input voltage, Vi.
The value of the boosted voltage potential, Vb, appearing at node 18 is directly dependent on the duty cycle of the control signal applied to switch 16. Since the integral of the voltage appearing across the inductor over a complete operation cycle must be zero, as required for steady state operation, the use of increasingly higher duty cycles, providing longer periods of switch conduction time, will directly increase the peak current storage of the inductor 14. This results in a corresponding increase in the boosted voltage potential, Vb. The boosted voltage potential Vb may then be used directly as a high-voltage AC potential source or, as in the converter circuit of FIG. 1a, it can be applied to the diode 22/capacitor 24 AC-to-DC conversion circuit to provide a high-voltage DC power output. The theoretical steady state voltage gain, Vg, of the DC-to-DC converter of FIG. 1a, as is well-known in the art, is given by the equation:
Vg =1/(1-D).
Referring now to FIG. 2a, a simplified circuit schematic of the preferred embodiment of the present invention is shown. The preferred embodiment of the invention is also shown in FIG. 3 as part of the complete DC-to-DC boost converter 60. The converter 60 of FIG. 3 is comprised of the preferred primary stage DC-to-AC boost converter circuit 62 and a well-known six-fold diode capacitor voltage multiplying AC-to-DC converter circuit 64.
Returning to FIG. 2a, the preferred 3-phase primary stage DC-to-AC converter 62 is composed of three essentially identical phase-channels. Each has an inductor 54, 56, 58, and an associated transformer primary winding 48, 50, 52, respectively. The inductors 54, 56, 58 are electrically connected between a common low voltage power input node 32 and a transformer primary winding node 42, 44, 46, respectively. The three primary windings 48, 50, 52 are electrically connected at these winding nodes to form a single loop mesh, or "delta", transformer winding configuration. Each phase-channel further includes a switch 34, 36, 38, respectively, represented for purposes of illustration as a FET transistor in the various FIGS. The switches 34, 36, 38 are connected between their respective phase-channel winding nodes 42, 44, 46 and a common ground reference node 40. A converter switch drive signal source (not shown) is used to generate the synchronous three-phase square wave converter switch drive signals shown in FIG. 2b, t1 through t7 comprising a single complete cycle. These signals are applied separately to each of the phase-channel switches 34, 36, 38, respectively, so as to control their electrical operation.
The simplified circuit schematic of the preferred three-phase DC-to-AC boost converter 62 of FIG. 2a graphically illustrates the single loop mesh configuration of primary windings which is characteristic of all embodiments of the present invention. Also illustrated is the distinctive delta-Y configuration of transformer windings 48, 50, 52 and inductors 54, 56, 58 of the preferred embodiment of the present invention.
For convenience, the operation of the preferred three-phase embodiment of the invention will be described in detail with reference to its simplified circuit schematic, shown in FIG. 2a, the converter switch drive signal waveforms, shown in FIG. 2b, and the several voltage waveforms, shown in FIG. 4, which describe the pertinent operative conditions of the circuit 62 for a complete cycle of operation.
The three-phase converter switch drive signal generator is electrically connected to each of the switches 34, 36, 38, and separately drives them between conducting and non-conducting states. In the preferred embodiment, the phase synchronous switch drive signals are duty cycle variable square waves that are synchronously 120� out of phase with one another. A representative set of control signals Vs1, Vs2, Vs3 having a 50% duty cycle is shown in FIG. 2b.
Considering now the operation of the preferred embodiment of the present invention, immediately prior to the time t1 only the converter switch drive signal Vs3 is at a voltage potential sufficient to drive its corresponding switch 38 into a conductive, or "on", state. The other two converter switch drive signals Vs1, Vs2 are at voltage potentials such that their corresponding switches 34, 36 are in an "off" state. At t1, the converter switch drive signal Vs1 drives its corresponding switch 34 into the "on" state, thereby forcing winding node 42 to the ground or common reference voltage potential. The node voltages N1, N2, N3 of the winding nodes 42, 44, 46, respectively, are shown in FIG. 4. As with the basic switched mode converter, forcing the winding node 42 to the ground potential causes the input voltage potential Vi, present at the power input node 32, to be impressed across the inductor 54. Consequently, the magnitude of the current through the inductor 54 then begins to ramp up over time from its initial condition as the magnitude of the energy stored in the inductor 54 correspondingly increases. The total increase in energy stored is therefore dependent on the conduction time of the switch 34 which is, in turn, dependent on the duty cycle of the converter switch drive signal Vs1. In the present example, a 50% duty cycle is shown as being used. Thus, at t4 the switch 34 turns off in response to the converter switch drive signal Vs1. The polarity of the voltage potential across the inductor 54 instantaneously reverses as the inductor begins to discharge its stored energy. The boosted voltage potential, Vb, that appears at winding node 42 is therefore the serial summation of the input voltage potential, Vi, and the voltage developed across the inductor 54. The magnitude of this latter voltage potential is directly proportional to the discharge time of the inductor 54 and, therefore, also on the duty cycle. This condition is inherent in the requirement that, for steady state operation of the converter 62, the net storage of current or energy in the inductors 54, 56, 58 over time must be zero. Thus, the inductor discharge voltage potential during the off period of the associated switch must be sufficient to support the complete discharge of the additional current effectively stored in the inductor during the on period of the associated switch. This results in the inductor voltage potential being inversely proportional to the inductor discharge time. Consequently, the boost potential, Vb, can be made many times greater than the input voltage potential, Vi, simply by increasing the duty cycle of the converter switch drive signals.
The discharge current conduction paths of the inductors 54, 56, 58 are through the several transformer windings 48, 50, 52. The phase voltage potentials .0.1, .0.2, .0.3 appearing across these windings 48, 50, 52, respectively, are shown in FIG. 4. The polarities of the phase voltages .0.1, .0.2, .0.3 are dependent on the relative orientation of the windings 48, 50, 52, consistent with the standard dot convention. The available discharge current conduction paths are determined by the converter switch control signals based on which of their corresponding switches are on. Considering winding node 42 at t4, the only available conduction path is through winding 48 and node 44, as grounded by switch 36. A second conduction path becomes available at t5, through winding 52 and node 46, as switch 38 turns on. These respective conduction paths remain available until t6, when switch 36 turns off, and t7, when switch 34 turns on, ending the inductor 54 discharge portion of the cycle t1 -t7. Further, due to the orientation of these windings 48, 52, the phase voltages .0.1, .0.3 are positive and negative, respectively, as shown in FIG. 4. The magnitude of the phase voltages .0.1, .0.3 will remain substantially constant at approximately the boosted voltage potential, Vb, for the cycle periods t4 -t6 and t5 -t7, respectively. This is based on the preferable condition that the converter switch drive signal frequency is sufficiently high relative to the current discharge time constant of the conduction paths such that the current discharge is substantially linear and the capacitor voltage potentials are substantially constant.
It is important to realize that the inductor charge and boosted-voltage current discharge conditions, discussed above with regard to winding node 42, also exist at the remaining winding nodes 44, 46. The only difference is that these conditions exist at each of the nodes 42, 44, 46 120� out of phase relative to one another. Consequently, each transformer winding is impressed with a stepped, square wave AC waveform having a peak-to-peak phase voltage potential of twice the boosted voltage potential, Vb. These waveforms are correspondingly displaced in time relative to one another as shown in FIG. 4. The stepped effect results from the fact that there exist periods when both terminals of a winding 48, 50, 52, are at a common voltage potential due to the partially overlapping nature of the successive winding node voltage waveforms. This results in a zero net voltage being periodically impressed across each of the windings 48, 50, 52. Naturally, this requires the successive converter switch drive signals to, at a minimum, overlap but, conversely, not to completely overlap one another. For the preferred three-phase converter, the duty cycle of the converter switch drive signals must therefore be constrained to between 33.33% and 66.66%. Considering, alternate embodiments of the present invention involving greater numbers of phase-channels, this requirement may be generalized to simply requiring the duty cycle of the converter switch drive signals to be maintained between 1/N and N-1/N, where N is the number of phase-channels being used.
Inherently then, the present invention possesses a number of distinctly desirable characteristics. They include a voltage gain twice that of the basic switched mode converter, shown in FIG. 1, and general circuit variants thereof when operated with converter switch drive signals of comparable frequency and duty cycle. The AC voltage potentials appearing across the windings 48, 50, 52 have a zero DC bias potential, since the windings 48, 50, 52 experience both positive and negative voltage excursions of equal period and magnitude relative to the ground node 40. This remains true even though the duty cycle of the switch drive signals may be altered. Consequently, the AC peak-to-peak voltage potential impressed across each transformer winding is twice the boosted voltage potential, Vb. Further, since the AC waveform has a zero DC bias, the waveform can be directly applied to the transformer without causing DC saturation of the transformer magnetic core.
Also inherent in the present invention is the fact that the isolation transformer can be made significantly smaller, lighter, and more efficient than a comparable transformer used in circuit variants of the basic switched mode converter. As shown in FIG. 3, both the primary 48, 50, 52 and secondary 70, 72, 74 windings of the transformer 68 may be wound onto a common magnetic core. Due to the balanced AC voltage potentials impressed across each of the primary windings 48, 50, 52, there are both positive and negative flux excursions that fully exercise the transformer magnetic core material. This allows the full utilization of a maximum amount of core material. In addition, the transformer retains the inherent volumetric efficiency of a three, or more, phase converter system over a single phase converter system. Thus, the present invention requires a minimum amount of core material in the construction of the transformer while utilizing the transformer 68 at maximum efficiency. The inductors 54, 56, 58 may likewise be wound onto a common core 66 with a corresponding savings in the size and weight of the inductors and a corresponding increase in their efficiency.
The present invention also utilizes the characteristic ground referenced switch and inductor arrangement of the basic switched mode converter. This allows the use of either grounded emitter bipolar or grounded source FET power transistors as the switches which, in turn, substantially simplifies the necessary driving circuitry of the converter switch drive signal generator. However, this switch arrangement, in combination with the multi-phase operation of the switches, permits a substantial reduction in power dissipation during switching and a sharing of current loading between the switches. The current surge and corresponding dissipation of power during switching is the primary cause of switch failure. The limited current and power handling capability of the switch therefore directly limits the power conversion capability of the converter. In the present invention, a neighboring switch will always be conducting when another begins or ceases conduction, as is apparent from FIG. 2b. Since the inductors, as they discharge, effectively act as constant current sources, current will be shared by the switches during switching with an approximately 50% reduction in power dissipation in each switch as it switches. Consequently, the power conversion capacity of the present invention is inherently greater than that of the basic switched mode and other similar converters.
The present invention is also highly flexible in that it can operate either alone, as an efficient, high gain DC-to-AC boost converter, or in combination with a wide variety of secondary stage AC-to-DC converters and voltage multipliers. The preferred embodiment of the complete DC-to-DC converter 60 is shown in FIG. 3. The AC-to-DC secondary stage 64 incorporates a six-fold voltage multiplier of a conventional design previously described in U.S. Pat. No. 3,121,835. This diode capacitor voltage multiplier 64 separately rectifies, and filters the AC voltage potential appearing at each of the three transformer secondary windings 70, 72, 74. The particular configuration of the diode rectifiers, 82, 84, 86, 88, 90, 92 and the filter capacitors 94, 96, 98, 100, 102, 104 provides multiple capacitor charging paths such that the AC voltage potential appearing across each of the transformer secondary windings is separately converted to a DC voltage potential approximately twice the peak AC voltage potential. Thus, by serial summation of the voltage potentials appearing across each of the capacitors 94, 96, 98, 100, 102, 104, a single high-voltage potential, Vo, is developed between the power supply output terminals 78, 80. Thus, the secondary stage 64 provides an additional gain of six to the overall DC-to-DC converter combination. Also, since the AC voltage potentials are 120� out of phase with one another, the ripple frequency of the DC output voltage potential, Vo, is effectively triple the frequency of the converter switch drive signals.
Another consequence of the AC voltage potential phasing is that there is an uninterrupted flow of current from the primary to the secondary stage of the converter. That is, at least one of the primary windings always has a boosted voltage potential across it at any given time. Thus, current is constantly being supplied through at least one of the phase channels of the primary stage 62 to the secondary stage 64.
While the preferred DC-to-DC converter embodiment of the present invention utilizes this particular voltage multiplying AC-to-DC converter secondary stage, practically any AC-to-DC converter or voltage multiplier circuit may be employed without affecting the operation of the primary stage DC-to-AC boost converter 62. An alternate secondary stage of conventional design may provide several high voltage power outputs that are isolated from one another and from the low-voltage power input supply by paralleling separate AC-to-DC converters from each of the secondary windings. The only restriction on the design of a secondary stage, such as the secondary stage 64, is that it must utilize secondary windings wound with a common orientation to each of the primary windings 48, 50, 52 when wound on the common magnetic core 68.
A complete prototype 3-phase DC to DC boost converter has been constructed based on the circuit design shown in FIG. 3. Built as a single unit, the converter was immersed in an oil dielectric occupying a container of approximately 300 cubic inches. Operating from an input voltage potential, Vi, of a 150 volts, at a duty cycle of 50%, and using a transformer turns ratio of 1:3, the converter provided an output voltage potential, Vo, of 10 kilovolts at a power supply level of 1.5 kilowatts. The measured power conversion efficiency of the converter was greater than 90%.
Another distinctive characteristic of the present invention is its simplicity of design. While the three-phase DC-to-AC converter embodiment represents the preferred configuration, the present invention is readily extensible to provide DC-to-AC converters having any greater number of phases. These higher order embodiments are characterized as having like numbers of inductors, transformer primary windings, and switches in a corresponding number of identical phase-channels; the primary windings being connected in a single loop mesh configuration, and the switches being controlled by a corresponding number of synchronously phased converter switch drive signals.
A five-phase alternate primary stage embodiment of the present invention, indicated by the reference numeral 110, is shown in FIG. 5a. A "star" of inductors 124, 126, 128, 130, 132 are connected between the input voltage potential node 112 and the winding nodes 114, 116, 118, 120, 122 of the single loop mesh configured primary windings 134, 136, 138, 140, 142. Each of the winding nodes 114, 116, 118, 120, 122 are further connected to the switches 150, 152, 154, 156, 158 in strict analogy to the basic design of the three-phase embodiment of the present invention. The five-phase set of converter swith drive signals, shown in FIG. 5b, are suitable for properly operating the converter 110. The three-phase DC-to-AC converter, however, is preferred as the minimum converter configuration retaining all the above described desirable qualities while possessing the lowest parts count and, therefore, the highest circuit reliability and overall converter efficiency, relative to either higher order embodiments of the present invention or to any comparable circuit variant of the basic switched mode converter.
Thus, there has been described a new class of highly flexible DC-to-AC and DC-to-DC converters having an intrinsically high-voltage gain and further characterized as operating in a mutli-phase mode and utilizing a single loop, mesh arrangement of transformer primary windings.
Obviously, many modifications and variations of the present invention are possible in light of the above teachings. It is therefore to be understood that, within the scope of the appended claims, the invention may be practiced otherwise than as specifically described.
|Cited Patent
|Filing date
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|The Marconi Company Limited
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|Multi-source ambient energy power supply for embedded devices or remote sensor or RFID networks
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|Sensor-less, low frequency adaptive current limiter and methods for limiting inductive current using the same
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|Feb 4, 2008
|Mar 18, 2010
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|Ajit Wasant Kane
|System and method for powering a hybrid electric vehicle
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|U.S. Classification
|363/21.04, 363/61, 323/222
|International Classification
|Cooperative Classification
|European Classification
|Feb 15, 1983
Owner name: HUGHES AIRCRAFT COMPANY; CULVER CITY, CA. A CORP
Free format text: ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST.;ASSIGNOR:RENSINK, LOMAN;REEL/FRAME:004095/0199
Effective date: 19830203
|Nov 22, 1988
|Surcharge for late payment
|Nov 22, 1988
|Fee payment
Year of fee payment: 4
|Nov 22, 1988
|Maintenance fee reminder mailed
|Apr 26, 1993
|Fee payment
Year of fee payment: 8
|Apr 26, 1993
|Surcharge for late payment
|Nov 26, 1996
|Maintenance fee reminder mailed
|Apr 23, 1997
|Fee payment
Year of fee payment: 12
|Apr 23, 1997
|Surcharge for late payment


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Animals Of The Farmyard
par BOOL Software
Ouvrez iTunes pour acheter et télécharger des apps.
Using sight and sound, explore the Animals of the Farmyard, in this app that is suitable for toddlers through to adults.
Included are all the animals you would find down on the farm, featured in high quality photos and authentic sounds.
Animals of the Farmyard provides three different modes:
- The first lets you browse through all animals, scrolling from one to the next. At each step you can view a photo of the animal and are able to listen to what sound that animal makes, before moving on to the next.
- The second is a quiz mode that tests sight and sound recognition of animals. Each animal is presented one at a time, either displaying a photo or playing a sound, and then providing a list multiple choice answers to choose from. A final score is given once finished.
- The third is a game mode that tests your memory and concentration skills. Select two cards to reveal which animals are underneath. Find all matching pairs using the least number of attempts.
When used together they can provide a fun and entertaining method for children to learn and familiarize themselves with the Animals of the Farmyard.
* No internet connection required
* Speaker sound preferable (though not required)
Also check out:
- Animals of Africa
- Animals of Australia
- Animals of the Ocean
Nouveautés de la version 1.1
Updated for iOS 7 compatibility and newer devices
Now includes a new game to play
- 0,99 €
- Catégorie: Éducation
- Mise à jour : 10 janv. 2014
- Version : 1.1
- Taille : 19.1 Mo
- Langue : Anglais
- Éditeur : Brett Franklin
- © BOOL Software
Compatibilité : Nécessite iOS 4.3 ou une version ultérieure. Compatible avec l'iPhone, l'iPad et l'iPod touch.


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Friday's letters: A secular government
Published: Friday, January 8, 2010 at 3:15 a.m.
Last Modified: Thursday, January 7, 2010 at 7:42 p.m.
Stacy Clark's letter Sunday got my attention. I generally assume that letters to the editor should stop at frustrated or cynical, but overly sensitive and shrill can be entertaining. Clark's rant at the Herald-Journal for allowing Christians a voice, and at the Spartanburg community for actually containing practicing Christians, seems intemperate.
I remind Mr. Clark that the Constitution doesn't ban religion. It does ban the establishment of a state-recognized and operated official religion. He may just have to tolerate being offended by others' beliefs.
That said, I do want the federal government to be a secular government. I don't want any religion, including Christianity, taught in the public (government) schools. I don't trust them with this responsibility. It would be nice, however, if they refrained from indoctrinating the kids with trendy, politically correct anti-Christian beliefs. I don't believe in "I Believe" license plates. That sentiment can be shared with bumper stickers and T-shirts. I want nothing on S.C. license plates except random letters and numbers. Kill the vanity plate program for everybody.
Christians, through their churches and individual witnessing, can pass the Word on to both the community's heathens and the next generation of their own family without Uncle Sam's help. Just like they have worldwide for the past 2000 years.
George Burnett
A father in the home
On Monday, you published an "Other Voices" editorial from the Rock Hill Herald about the rising rate of gang violence. That editorial ended with excellent advice: "Unless we thwart them now, gangs can thrive in our cities."
The editorial informed us that the state Department of Public Safety recently did a study on gang membership and activities. Chances are that it overlooked the most important factor in the rising gang rate and only recommended throwing money at the problem while calling for more studies and more taxpayer-funded but ineffectual programs. The question it most likely failed to ask is: Did these gang members have a father in the home?
With the onset of "no fault" divorce and federal incentives for collecting child support, more and more children were being deprived of fathers. With no father around to guide them, those children were forced to turn to peer groups to learn morals, ethics and acceptable behavior. Fatherless children guiding other fatherless children is no guidance at all. Peer groups turned to gangs, and violence and promiscuous behavior became a way of life. Had the DPS study group asked, I'm sure it would have found a high correlation between the divorce rate and the rise of gangs.
The best cure for gang activities is a father in the home. It's a long-range solution, but it's more effective and a greater savings for taxpayers. Just do away with "no fault" divorce laws, and reject the federal incentives for child support.
Paul M. Clements
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The Saddest Music in the World
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Special Features
- Three short films from Guy Maddin: A Trip to the Orphange, Sissy Boy Slap Party, Sombra Dolorosa
- "Teardrops in the Snow: The Making of The Saddest Music in the World" featurette
- "The Saddest Characters in the World: The Cast of The Saddest Music in the World" featurette
- Original theatrical trailer
- Teasers
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Set in 1933, "the depths of the Great Depression", the location is Winnipeg, Canada, home of Lady Port-Huntly (Isabella Rosselini), the astoundingly wealthy beer baroness of Canada, who decides to hold a contest to select the saddest music in the world--for business reasons, of course. Among the entrants are her former lover, Chester Kent (Mark McKinney), his current lover Narcissa (Maria de Medeiros), Chester's estranged brother Roderick (Ross McMillan)--separated from Narcissa, and the men's father, Duncan (Claude Dorge). Duncan represents Canada; Chester, America; and Roderick, Serbia (of all places).
The prize is $25,000, a fortune in those days, so naturally there are entrants from all over the world--among which are Mexico, Siam, and Africa. The music is inspired, but eventually converges on the lilting popular American tune The Song is You, for which there are diverse renditions in the course of the film. The show-stopper is the version by Chester near the end, a big band production that fuses influences, in typical American fashion, from all over the world.
Familial tensions converge with unrequited love, and with the most peculiar prostheses anyone has ever seen--either in real life or on film. Lady Port-Huntly is a double amputee, and he whose reckless mistake resulted in her unfortunate current condition fashions for her a pair of legs that must be seen to be believed.Read more ›
Add to this the personal tragedy of Lady Helen facing her lover Chester Kent (Mark McKinney) who watched while his father Dr. Fyodor Kent (David Fox) mistakenly and drunkenly amputated both of her legs after a car accident while Chester's brother Roderick (Ross McMillan) exiles himself to Serbia over the loss of his wife Narcissa (Maria de Medeiros) and child, constantly playing his sad music on his cello!
All this may sound a bit over the top, but it is actually WAY over the top and happily so. Maddin has shot the film primarily in black and white in the just-out-of-focus manner of the earliest of movies (the story, after all, takes place in the Great Depression).
But despite the emphasis on 'artiness', the story is not mere parody or wedge of surrealism: there are many cogent social comments here - enough to keep you thinking. This film may not be for everyone, but for those who enjoy something different, it is highly recommended! Grady Harp, November 2004
It's so good!
Of course,being fairly strange, a lot of people will dislike it but if you like David Lynch films you'll like this.
Isabella Rossellini is one of my favourites as well so her being in it was a bonus.
I laughed my ass off at the surreal situations the characters were in.
The scene with the old lady fortune teller and the block of ice was priceless.
Acting was excellent all around and the music was of course very delicious and sad.;-)
The extra featurettes are truly amazing and spark enough interest in what a filmmaker will do to make his dream come true.
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A surreal wonderful blending of Busby Berkeley, Luis Bunuel, a 1930's "documentary" on marijuana of venereal disease with a little early Nation Geographic television added... Read morePublished 19 months ago by Thomas J. Bradley
I tend to love any non-Hollywood type movie if for no other reason than I like to actually be surprised. I love movies without all the Hollywood cliches. Read morePublished 19 months ago by Michael Bush
I rented this based on the description and the IMDB rating...I should have done more research. I couldn't make it past 20 minutes. Read morePublished on February 14, 2014 by James
Guy Maddin's work really defies description. Words fall short. I'll try.
Script: quirky and understatedly hilarious. Performances: Quirky and understatedly hilarious. Read more
Really unwatchable. Mark McKinney not so good. Idea not so good. Visually annoying. Trying too hard to be something interesting. Fail.Published on March 12, 2013 by daddygene
Crazy, Beautiful, Poignent, Tounge in Cheek, wonderful, thoughtful,, I lvoe this movie ever so much! Great Costumes and music and best of all.. Lady Porthuntleys Beer!Published on January 18, 2013 by Jackie
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A key part of Aquinas' argument for the existence of God in Summa Theologica is found in Question 14, Article 1: "Whether There Is Knowledge in God?". In that article, Aquinas argues for the conclusion that "In God there exists the most perfect knowledge." The word "God" here is a misleading translation, and I take this claim to mean the following:(MPK) In the first principle there exists the most perfect knowledge.Aquinas provides only ONE argument for this conclusion (at least in Summ … [Read more...]
Aquinas' Argument for the Existence of God – Part 6
Response to William Lane Craig – Part 15
Here is my main objection to William Craig's case for the resurrection of Jesus:In order to prove that Jesus rose from the dead, one must first prove that Jesus died on the cross. But in most of William Craig's various books, articles, and debates, he simply ignores this issue. He makes no serious attempt to show that it is an historical fact that Jesus died on the cross. For that reason, Craig's case for the resurrection is a complete failure.Here is WLC's main reply to my … [Read more...]
Aquinas' Argument for the Existence of God – Part 5
In order to prove that God exists, Aquinas must prove that there exists a being that has ALL of the following divine attributes:a person who is the creator of the universe an eternally bodiless person an eternally omnipotent person an eternally omniscient person an eternally perfectly morally good personI don't believe that Aquinas actually proves that there is a being with even just ONE of these key divine attributes, so I certainly don't believe that Aquinas proves that there i … [Read more...]
Aquinas' Argument for the Existence of God – Part 4
NOTE: I began to reconstruct Aquinas' argument for the existence of God in the post I Don't Care - Part 4, and continued that effort in I Don't Care - Part 5, and I Don't Care - Part 6. I am changing the title of this series to better reflect the content, so I consider the previous posts numbered as Parts 4, 5, and 6 to constitute Parts 1, 2, and 3 (respectively) of this new series called "Aquinas' Argument for the Existence of God". That is why I'm calling this post "Part 4".The first "h … [Read more...]
How to Think about Historical Evidence about Anything, Part 1: The Credibility of Testimony
Note: So far as I know, no one working in New Testament scholarship, apologetics, counter-apologetics, or ancient history is applying the concepts in this blog post. As will soon become obvious, most of the ideas in this blog post are not mine, but if other people find these techniques useful, I would appreciate being given credit for the idea to apply them outside of their source discipline. 1. Schumian Framework for Decomposition of the Credibility of Testimony Suppose witness W testifies E* … [Read more...]
Why Nobody Should Believe that Jesus Rose from the Dead
First of all, extradordinary claims require extraordinary evidence, but there is only weak evidence that Jesus rose from the dead:The evidence that Jesus was crucified in Jerusalem and died on the cross on the same day he was crucified is weak. The evidence that Jesus was alive and walking around in Jerusalem less than 48 hours after he was crucified is weak. IF the evidence that Jesus was crucified in Jerusalem and died on the cross on the same day he was crucified is weak and the e … [Read more...]
William Lane Craig's Logic Lesson – Part 4
In the March Reasonable Faith Newsletter William Craig asserted this FALSE principle about valid deductive arguments that have premises that are probable:... in a deductive argument the probability of the premises establishes only a minimum probability of the conclusion: even if the premises are only 51% probable, that doesn't imply that the conclusion is only 51% probable. It implies that the conclusion is at least 51% probable.There are a variety of natural tendencies that people have t … [Read more...]
William Lane Craig's Logic Lesson – Part 3
I had planned to discuss counterexamples (to Craig's principle) that were based on dependencies existing between the premises in some valid deductive arguments. But I am putting that off for a later post, in order to present a brief analysis of some key concepts.It seems to me that an important part of understanding the relationship between valid deductive arguments and probability is keeping in mind the distincition between necessary conditions and sufficient conditions. So, I'm going to d … [Read more...]


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Edita Vilkeviciute Fronts Yves Saint Laurent's Holiday 2012 Campaign
Holiday Luxe - Edita Vilkeviciute looks seductive for Yves Saint Laurent's Holiday 2012 cosmetics collection. Photographed by Terry Richardson, Edita shows off the winter shades with lush accessories. … [Read more...]
Nicole Kidman is Golden in Emilio Pucci for Harper's Bazaar US' November 2012 Cover
Golden Girl - Australian actress Nicole Kidman graces the November issue of Harper's Bazaar US, wearing a gold lamé Emilio Pucci gown. Photographed by Terry Richardson with styling by Mel Ottenberg, Nicole gets a bit more casual in the accompanying shoot where she poses with monster trucks. View more images from this shoot on HarpersBazaar.com … [Read more...]
Barbara Palvin Dons Equestrian Style for Harper's Bazaar US by Terry Richardson
Clothes Horse - Barbara Palvin teams up with Terry Richardson for a high gloss story featuring elegant, equestrian style. Published in the September issue of Harper's Bazaar US. Barbara spends a day at the track in the tailored designs of Michael Kors, Belstaff, Carolina Herrera, Burberry Prorsum and many more chosen by fashion editor Leslie Lessin. Harper's Bazaar: … [Read more...]
Aldo Enlists Anais Pouliot for its Fall and Holiday 2012 Campaigns by Terry Richardson
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Lover Boy - Supermodel Stephanie Seymour poses alongside male model Marlon Teixeira for the steamy cover of Vogue Hommes International's fall-winter issue. Terry Richardson captures the pair in black and white with an intimate pose. … [Read more...]
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Weird Science - Paying homage to the digital world, Nasty Gal debuts its fall 2012 collection entitled "Weird Science". Terry Richardson captures models Sabrina Nait and Stella Maxwell in eclectic prints, bold shapes and combat boots from Nasty Gal's Jefferey Campbell collaboration. Sophia Amoruso styles the girls in sexy and youthful looks with vintage computers and tech props … [Read more...]


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Prologue - Page 1
Part 1 - Page 3
Part 2 - Page 7
Part 3- Page 10
Part 4 - Page 15
Sneak Peak of Part 5 - Page 20
Part 5 - Page 23
Sneak Peak of Part 6 - Page 31
Part 6 - Page 36
Sneak Peak of Part 7 -Page 45
Part 7 - Page 49
Sneak Peak of Part 8- Page 59
Part 8- Page 64
Sneak Peak of Part 9 - Page 72
Part 9 - Page 79
Sneak Peak of Part 10 - Page 87
Part 10 - Page 93
Sneak Peak of Part 11 - Page 104
Part 11 - Page 110
Part 12 - Page 122
Sneak Peak of Part 13 - Page 134
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Chapter 1: "Haunting of Harrowstone"
When Harrowstone Prison burned to the ground, prisoners, guards, and a host of vicious madmen met a terrifying end. In the years since, the nearby town of Ravengro has shunned the fire-scarred ruins, telling tales of unquiet spirits that wander abandoned cellblocks. But when a mysterious evil disturbs Harrowstone's tenuous spiritual balance, a ghostly prison riot commences that threatens to consume the nearby village in madness and flames. Can the adventurers discover the secrets of Harrowstone and quell a rebellion of the dead? Or will they be the spirit-prison's next inmates?
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Cavaliers in Hell's Vengeance,
New GM Looking For Help !!!,
Ideas for additional Haunts in The Misgivings (Spoilers),
NobodysHome's Silly Serpent's Skull Moments [***Spoilers***],
Sootscale Kobolds [spoilers],
Surviving the antipaladin,
Who are your rebels?,
Pre-quests for Iron Gods: suggestions please!,
Shambling Mound with +512 Fortitude modifier!?,
Character Concepts,
Vampire Hunter D: Message from Mars Comes to the World of Pathfinder,
Paizo Announces Hundreds of Pathfinder Events and Activities for Gen Con 2016,
Pathfinder's Mischievous Goblins Return to Wreak Havoc on Free RPG Day in New We B4 Goblins Module,
Trapdoor Technologies Releases Officially Licensed Digital Toolset for the Pathfinder Roleplaying Game,


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Where a court order stated only that a defendant must "stay away" from her husband's residence, but after she was found 70 yards from the residence, police officers incorrectly testified that the order prohibited her from being within 100 yards, ...Read More »
Employment – Discrimination – Religion
Where a complainant has alleged that the respondent Massachusetts General Hospital discriminated against her because of her religion, the complaint must be dismissed because of the complainant's failure to show (1) that the respondent's stated reason for terminating her was ...Read More »
Real property – Prouty Garden – Hospital addition
Where plaintiffs have requested a preliminary injunction to halt construction work that would replace Prouty Garden with a new hospital building, the request must be denied because the plaintiffs are not likely to succeed on the merits of their claim ...Read More »
Criminal – Identity fraud
Where the defendant pretended to be various nonexistent people on the Internet who attributed statements to his ex-girlfriend's new boyfriend, there is insufficient evidence that he posed as the boyfriend, so one of his convictions of identity fraud cannot stand. ...
Tagged with: Identity fraudRead More »
Criminal – Indecent assault – Lesser offense
Where the defendant raises several challenges to his conviction of two counts of indecent assault and battery, he was entitled to an instruction on the lesser included offense of assault and battery with respect to the charge based on touching ...Read More »
Prisons – Winter clothing
Where the plaintiff prisoners brought a class action alleging that the superintendent of MCI-Shirley failed to provide adequate winter clothing to indigent prisoners, the complaint should not have been dismissed for failure to state a claim or for failure to ...Read More »
Prisons – Sexually dangerous person
Where the Department of Correction (DOC) refused to transfer the defendant to a lower security prison on the grounds that the district attorney's office might file a petition alleging he is a sexually dangerous person, the district attorney's office must ...Read More »
Criminal – Sentencing – GSR
Where a defendant pleaded guilty to possession of ammunition by a felon, he was properly classified as an armed career criminal, but he must be resentenced because his Guideline Sentencing Range was erroneously calculated. "One of the three predicate convictions ...Read More »
Mortgages – Assignment
Where a plaintiff has challenged the defendant bank's title to real property purchased at a foreclosure sale, the complaint must be dismissed because the assignment of the mortgage to the defendant was valid. "In this action, Plaintiff Thomas C. Pappas ...Read More »
Judgments affirmed
The Appeals Court has affirmed, pursuant to Rule 1:28, judgments in the following cases. Although the decisions do not appear to address any substantive issues of law, the full text of each decision may be ordered using the appropriate "Lawyers ...Read More »


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|Ron Grabowski <rongrabow...@yahoo.com>
|Re: How to use ErrorHandler
|Sat, 18 Dec 2004 00:23:14 GMT
If you download and install this free program: http://www.sysinternals.com/ntw2k/freeware/debugview.shtml And setup log4net to run in Debug mode: <appSettings> <add key="log4net.Internal.Debug" value="true" /> </appSettings> You should be able to see your Appenders being initialized and/or the exceptions that are caused by incorrectly configured Appenders. This is how I log that information to a file in my Asp.Net application: if (log4netIsInDebugMode() == true) { // if log4net is in debug mode (useful for discovering why appenders are not working), it will // print out internal messages and errors to the System.Console and to System.Diagnostics.Trace; // the code below will capture log4net output and attempt to write it to a known writeable // directory; string physicalPathLogFile = Path.Combine(System.Web.HttpRuntime.AppDomainAppPath, LOG4NET_LOG_FILE); try { FileStream fileStream = new FileStream(physicalPathLogFile, FileMode.Create, FileAccess.Write ); if (fileStream != null && fileStream.CanWrite) { // this doesn't affect Trace.axd becuase Trace.axd is from System.Web.TraceContext // System.Diagnostics.Trace.Listeners.Clear(); System.Diagnostics.Trace.Listeners.Add(new TextWriterTraceListener(fileStream)); } } catch(SystemException ex) { // System.UnauthorizedAccessException - The exception that is thrown when the operating system denies access because of an I/O error or a specific type of security error. // log the message to a location that was the cause for the exception ??? System.Diagnostics.Trace.Write("log4net", "Unable to create log4net logger at [" + physicalPathLogFile + "]. Exception: " + ex.ToString()); } } log4net.Config.DOMConfigurator.Configure(); // make sure the complete log4net startup log appears System.Diagnostics.Trace.Flush(); - Ron --- "Collier, Mike" <email@example.com> wrote: > How would I use the ErrorHandler property for an appender? For > example, > let's assume I'm using the ADONetAppender and for some reason it > fails > (i.e. unable to connect to the database server). I would like to not > loose the message. I was thinking that I could use the ErrorHandler > property to define another appender to use in this case. However, > I'm > not sure how to do this. Does anybody have any examples or ideas on > how > this might be accomplished. > > Thanks! > > > > > >
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Social Trends/* BEGIN: Block 2 of 2 Greg Add 2013 (Jan 29) */ ?> /* END: Block 2 of 2 Greg Add 2013 (Jan 29) */ ?>
Osmo Is a Tangible, 'Actual Reality' Gaming System For iPadby Amber Leventry
Osmo uses Reflective Artificial Intelligence to combine old school education with new school technology. With four digital games that need physical interaction using tools like letter tiles, pencils, and puzzle pieces, your child with truly be able to wrap their hands around what they are learning.
Is Silicon Valley's 'Datageddon' Coming, Or Will Modern-Day Florence Continue to Renaissance?by Ron Callari
It's been referred to as the 'Cradle of Innovation' in a time of transformation, where art has been replaced by Clouds, DaVinci's by Zuckerberg's, beauty by functionality and greed . . . well, by greed (some things never change.) But is the 21st Century's Renaissance peaking, or will it live to Snapchat another day?
10 Best Wearable Tracking Devices To Keep Kids Safeby Amber Leventry
Have you ever thought about a tracking device for your kids? When it comes to crowded events, theme parks, or simply giving our children the independence to venture out in the world alone, wearable technology with GPS tracking capabilities may prove to be a compelling tool to help protect our children. It gives children the freedom to roam and parents the security of knowing where they are roaming. If you are considering a wearable device for your family, here are 10 of the best child tracking devices on the market
Stream & Drive With Netflix Watch & Google Self-Driving Carsby Ron Callari
On the eve of the Apple Watch going into preorders April 10th, starting as early as 3:01 a.m. ET -- not to be outdone -- Netflix released some surprising news regarding its own timepiece. With an appropriate dose of tongue-and-cheek, in an advance promo, the Netflix Watch is said to be coming soon, providing gadget-lovers the world-over to "experience total freedom."
Facebook's Parce Minces Things, Not Wordsby Ron Callari
Two short years ago when Facebook was in a buying frenzy acquiring any new software service with a pulse, it purchased Parse for the paltry sum of $85 million. This was an historic move as this mobile app development platform has now officially entered the Facebook into a race for the goose that lays the golden eggs, namely the Internet of Things (IoT).
Crowdsale & Cryptocurrency Fuels Next-Gen Social Network Synereoby Ron Callari
If a new social network is going to break the mold of everything that went before, it's going to require a social media marketing strategy that's just as innovative. In a follow-up to my blog post 'Defining Synereo Before It Redefines Facebook,' the programming team behind Synereo are relying on cryptocurrency to serve as legal tender when users register for their network, via a new crowdsouring mechanism called a 'crowdsale.'
Smart Manhole Covers Call For Help When Metal Thieves Strikeby China.new
City managers in Hangzhou, China have turned to a new generation of "smart" manhole covers in an all-out effort to counter a rash of thefts by metal salvagers. The high-tech covers feature electronic tags that act as both silent alarms and tracking devices should a cover be removed without proper authorization.
Defining Synereo Before It Redefines Facebookby Ron Callari
There's a new social network in town and if it's half as powerful as its hype, prepare to follow a whole new line of logic when you socialize online in the very near future. Synereo has been touted as the one to break the mold of all that went before. It's the next-gen social ecosystem, a fully decentralized and distributed social network designed for the Attention Economy.
Recyclable Polyester Fabric: Returnity For All Eternityby M Dee Dubroff
Austrian textile firm, Backhausen, is the owner of Returnity, a 100% recyclable fabric destined to last for years and years that can be applied to a diverse range of garments and furnishings. Read on to learn more about this amazing, innovative material.
Facebook's 'TheFind' Another Example: 'If You Can't Build It, Buy It'by Ron Callari
Never to be outbeat, Zuckerberg's been wise enough to keep a finger on the pulse of consumer preferences in tandem with a keen eye on advertising opportunities. In so doing, one year ago, he shelled out an astronomical $19 billion to acquire the mobile messaging app WhatsApp. To put this in perspective, this one purchase was 19-times what he spent on Instagram in 2012 - and another example of Zuckerberg's now standard modus operandi: If you can't build, buy it!
Is Mass Customization The Future of Fashion?by M Dee Dubroff
Design and technology are merging to form the future of fashion. Known as mass customization, this technique allows customers to follow style guides and create their own original pieces. Read on to learn more about this amazing concept that seems an oxymoron.
Petite Marin Transforms Men's Dress Shirts Into Children's Clothingby M Dee Dubroff
Recycling on every level has become an integral aspect of modern existence. Read all about two young mothers and their efforts to live a green lifestyle by making clothes for their children from their husbands' throwaway dress shirts.
Solo Oven Cuts Cooking Down To Size For Single Chefsby Steve Levenstein
Forever alone but never not hungry? The Solo Oven from Recolte makes dinner for one an even more personal experience that, much like your love life, takes up hardly any space and is barely noticeable.
MIT's Social Network For Wearing Your Heart On Sleeve & Elsewhereby Ron Callari
Over the course of the last year, social networking has definitely been evolving. With start-ups such as Tsu and A+ launching innovative monetization models, which pay their users for their content — and major players like Facebook and Twitter adding videos to their playbill, as they attempt to capitalize on the lucrative YouTube market - the playing field has certainly changed.
Does Tsū or A+ Get The Top Grade?by Ron Callari
Tsu (pronounced 'Sue') -- the social network that pays you for your content -- scaled past 3 million users this past week in less than 5 short months. Based on a monetization model where ninety percent of its advertising revenues are actually distributed to its members, its algorithm weighs views, likes, comments, shares and numbers of followers in a somewhat modified MLM scheme to determine the payouts.


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Not Making the Grade: Claiborne Profits, Sales Plunge in 1st Qtr.
The numbers are coming in on the impact of department store consolidation, and they aren't pretty. In his last year at Liz Claiborne, Paul Charron gave the $4.8 billion apparel vendor a "B-plus, maybe a C-plus" for its performance in the first quarter.


text: How to Optimize Ad Spend in a World Taken Over by Mobile Apps Jul 22, 2016 By Kyle Graden in Mobile , Advertising , Marketing , Marketing Cloud , Social During my first trip to Asia, I was astonished when I a couple sitting together in a fancy bar captivated by their own devices, gaming for at least an hour without even looking at each other. I couldn't believe it, but the friend I was with acted as if everything was completely normal. Now, three... Read More»


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Reviewed By James P (KANSAS CITY, MO) Reviewed for a 2005 Toyota Tacoma —11/15/2015 7:23 PM
Site did not include real world application for my model truck and questioning the car dealer (toyota) helped me order correct wheel and tire options . i stress the REQUIREMENT of confirming all measurements and fitment in the real world; do not rely on site software to make final decision before purchase and shipping. The wheels look great the price was right I increased ground clearance and highway fuel economy. The ride is improved compared to the steel wheels.boughtwheel locks locally.


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Rolexes Worth $800,000 Taken in Brazen Koreatown Smash-And-Grab Robbery [Video]
A brazen Koreatown smash-and-grab robbery in which nearly $1 million worth of Rolex watches was taken was caught on tape. The LAPD has released video of the job in case anyone recognizes the criminals involved.
The robbery at Saint Cross jewelry store in Koreatown Plaza, a mall at South Western Avenue and James M. Wood boulevard, happened at 10:50 a.m. on Wednesday, May 18.
Two young men in hoodies burst in and ...
... one grabbed as many watches as he could from a display case while the other trained a gun on two workers.
Later when a security guard was seen outside, the gunman headed to the door and pointed the weapon at him.
LAPD Det. Jesus Garcia tells the Weekly that "26 high-end Rolexes" worth about $800,000 were taken.
Because the two were good at hiding their faces, it's not clear if they might be connected to other, similar robberies, Garcia said.
They did, however, know what they were looking for, the investigator told us:
View Larger Map
It appears they went right for the Rolexes.
The job doesn't appear to be connected to another robbery at the same store about two years ago. That case involved one suspect "who was older," Garcia said.
This duo might have gotten away in a gray Ford Escape SUV, the LAPD states.
The suspects were described as 5 feet 11 inches, 150-to-160 pounds, and in their late 20s to early 30s.
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First Peek: 'Game Of Thrones' Replaced That Super Hot Guy With A Hobo-Looking Motherf*cker
By Joanna Robinson | Trade News | October 3, 2013 | Comments ()
It's not brand spanking new information that Ed Skrein, who sultried the hell out of the Daario Naharis role, will not be returning for the next season of Game Of Thrones. In fact, the identity of his replacement, Treme's Michiel Huisman, isn't even new. We've known that since August. What is new are these set photos that reveal that the powers that be are not even trying to make Daario 2.0 look like the original. You can see him below. He's the hobo-looking beardo in brown leather. No. Not Selmy. The younger one.
Now, personally, I'm all for the slap-dash beardo look. I mean, neither TV Daario resembles the book description so we might as well have this Robin of Locksley version. Honestly, it reflects better on Dany that she's not losing her sh*t over that other, Fabio-looking cat. That whole plot line made her look disappointingly dim.
Of course this isn't the first time an actor has been replaced on Game Of Thrones, but at least the two Gregors were both massive, bearded types. I'm worried that the people who have a hard enough time keeping all the characters straight will find it difficult to connect Hipster Naharis up there to the one who came before him. You'll have to help them, gentle readers. Well we can, at least, take comfort in this. At least one person must be pleased as punch that Daario isn't quite as pretty as he used to be.
His neckerchief has come undone with glee!
(via WENN.com)
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