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In case you were wondering who Tony Hawk's biggest fan is, apparently, that title goes to Tallulah Willis, who just revealed a racy pic on Instagram of her newest tattoo paying homage to the professional skater.
Stars expanding their name recognition is nothing new in the world of celebrity.
If they're not the silver screen or the small screen, they're putting their good name behind clothes, perfume, books, coffee, nail polish, and even business schools.
So it only seems natural that the celeb entrepreneur is also turning…


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Andrew Ti and special guest Lakshmi Sundaram finish the week off by discussing the Gary Oldman apology. As always, leave us a message about anything you think is racist at (323) 389-RACE.
Episode 448 - Gary Oldman Apology
Started by July Diaz, Jul 18 2014 12:26 AM
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Posted 18 July 2014 - 12:26 AM
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burger boy nick wiger is this week's guest on my podcast twb.cool

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Comments Needed: Workplace Noise Exposure Controls | Facility Executive - Creating Intelligent Buildings
OSHA is proposing to issue an interpretation of the term "feasible administrative or engineering controls" as used in the general industry and construction occupational noise exposure standards and to amend its current enforcement policy to reflect the interpretation. Comments are due 12/20/10.
Comments Needed: Workplace Noise Exposure Controls
OSHA is proposing to issue an interpretation of the term "feasible administrative or engineering controls" as used in the general industry and construction occupational noise exposure standards and to amend its current enforcement policy to reflect the interpretation. For the purpose of enforcing compliance with these standards, the proposal states that "feasible" has its ordinary meaning of capable of being done.
OSHA's noise standards specify that feasible administrative or engineering controls must be used to reduce noise to acceptable levels and that personal protective equipment, such as ear plugs and ear muffs, must be used only as supplements when administrative or engineering controls are not completely effective.
The preference for engineering and administrative controls over personal protective equipment is consistent with the approach taken in all of OSHA's health standards and reflects the fact that such controls are generally more effective. Under the agency's current enforcement policy, however, the agency issues citations for failure to use engineering and administrative controls only when they cost less than a hearing conservation program or such equipment is ineffective.
OSHA proposes to interpret the term "feasible" in conformity with its ordinary meaning and with the safety and health purposes of the OSH Act. The Supreme Court has held that the term "feasible" as used in the standard setting provision of the Occupational Safety and Health Act means capable of being done.
The proposal aligns the interpretation of the noise standard with the Court's holding and with OSHA's other standards that require feasible engineering controls. The Agency intends to change its noise enforcement policy to authorize issuing citations requiring the use of administrative and engineering controls when feasible as indicated in the interpretation described in the FR notice.
Every year, approximately 30 million workers are exposed to hazardous noise that is often ignored because the harmful effects of overexposure are typically not visible and develop over an extended period of time. Workers exposed to high noise levels can develop elevated blood pressure, ringing in the ears or permanent hearing loss.
Comments on the interpretation must be submitted on or before December 20, 2010.
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Is Wicca evil?
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[quote:Anonymous Coward 59644025:MV8yNTgwMjAzXzQ0OTQ5MTg0XzJCREUyQTkz] [quote:Fishticon:MV8yNTgwMjAzXzQ0OTQ4NTE4XzRDMUYxMjQ4] No, it is not. The Christians stole Pagan or Wiccan to make their own watered down religion. If Wicca is evil, then so is Christianity.. because 1 second ago I made up a new religion called Pleepoop, Pleepoopians believe that Christ is evil and all its believers are evil minions. Since there's no laws about religion or even any red tape that they have to go through to become recognized as a religion, anyone can just make one up on a whim. Go ahead, make one, its fun. It'll make you feel like you have free will. [/quote] :bsflag: [/quote]
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Question: "What is Wicca? Is Wicca witchcraft?"
Answer: Wicca is a neo-pagan religion that has been growing in popularity and acceptance in the United States and Europe. There are many websites and books claiming to teach "real" Wicca, but the truth is, there is no consensus among Wiccans as to what the religion is all about. The reason for this is that Wicca, as it is practiced now, is only about 50 years old. Wicca is a belief system that Briton Gerald Gardner cobbled together in the 1940s and 1950s from a variety of religious traditions and beliefs as well as Freemason rituals. Since Gardner published several books espousing his system of worship, many offshoots and variations of Wicca have sprung up. Some Wiccans are polytheistic, worshipping more than one deity, while others worship only the "God" or the "Goddess." Still other Wiccans worship nature, and call it Gaea, after the Greek earth goddess. Some Wiccans pick and choose parts of Christian doctrine to embrace, while others totally reject Christianity. Most practitioners of Wicca believe in reincarnation.
Most Wiccans will vehemently deny that Satan is part of their pantheon, citing major doctrinal differences between themselves and Satanists. Wiccans generally promote moral relativity, disdaining labels like "good" and "evil" and "right" or "wrong." Wicca has one law or rule, called the Rede: "Do what ye will, harm ye none." At first blush, the Rede seems like complete, uninhibited personal license. You can do whatever you want, as long as no one gets hurt; however, Wiccans are quick to point out that the ripple effect of one's actions can carry far-reaching consequences. They articulate this principle in the Three-fold Law, which says, "All good that a person does to another returns three-fold in this life; harm is also returned three-fold."
One major factor that contributes to the abiding fascination with Wicca is the purported use of spells and magick (a deliberate misspelling intended to separate Wiccans from magicians and illusionists). Curiosity seekers, as well as spiritual neophytes, are most eager to delve into these mysteries. Not all Wiccans practice witchcraft, but those that do claim magick is to them what prayer is to a Christian. The difference between the two is that Wiccans claim magick is simply using their minds to control matter, or they are appealing to their favorite deity to do them a favor, while Christians call upon an omnipotent, omnipresent God to heal people and to intervene and work in their lives. Because the Rede disallows witches from hurting others and the Three-fold Law spells out the consequences for Rede-breakers, witches who practice magick prefer to call themselves "nature witches" or "white witches" to further distance themselves from Satanists.
Wicca is basically a religion that is about minding your own business and living peaceably with your neighbors and environment. Wiccans are eager to draw parallels between themselves and biblical Christianity for the sake of earning credibility, but what does the Bible have to say about this religion? You won't find the word "wicca" in the Bible, so let's evaluate the beliefs in light of what God says about them.
Wiccan spells are idolism—Romans 1:25 says, "They exchanged the truth of God for a lie, and worshipped and served created things, rather than the Creator…" Who wants to settle for second best? In Isaiah 40, God paints a picture of how much greater the Creator is than His creation. If you are worshipping anything besides the Creator, you are not only spinning your wheels, you are guilty of idolatry.
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Hi everybody.
Thanks Hector for your great work with this plugin it's just awesome.
I really appreciate your last upgrade that includes custom post types support!
I'd like to ask you some information about customizing layout.
Since I'm using WP TYPES and VIEWS to manage custom post types and layout I massively use shortcodes from this plugin to recall my post informations like custom field linked images or metadata.
Is there a way to pass a fully customized html/php layout to your plugin's query?
It's the same thing I do - i.e. - with other plugins like "posts 2 posts".


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Kureha Kagaku Kogyo Kabushiki Kaisha Patents
Kureha Kagaku Kogyo Kabushiki Kaisha
Tokyo, JP
No. of patents:
Patent Number
Title Of Patent
Date Issued
September 10, 1985
Disclosed herein novel compounds, 2-substituted-4-thiazolidones having anti-peptic ulcer activity, and methods for producing the same.
Penicillin derivative
September 10, 1985
A penicillin derivative having an antibacterial activity similar to a penicillin antibiotic in a living body without affecting the intestinal bacterial colonies, a process for preparing the derivative and a pharmaceutical composition in a dosage unit form containing the derivative as
Process for producing aromatic sulfide polymer with alkaline earth metal oxide dehydrating agent
August 27, 1985
The improvement in a process for producing an aromatic sulfide polymer from (A) hydrous sulfide of an alkali or alkaline earth metal and (B) a dihalo-aromatic compound is disclosed. The improvement is concerned with how the hydrous sulfide is dehydrated and comprises dehydrating the
Pharmaceutical composition containing 24,25-dihydroxycholecalciferol in methods of treatment
August 13, 1985
Disclosed is a pharmaceutical composition in dosage unit form which comprises a dosage effective for the treatment of pains and pyrexia, hypertension, hypotension, hyperlipemia, inflammatory diseases or diseases due to the functional accentuation of thrombocytes of a compound of 24,2
Solid material packing method and machine
August 13, 1985
A solid material packing method and apparatus are disclosed wherein the plastic film bags are transported from a storage location to a packing location by a pivotable taking member having adhesive surfaces at its free end. The taking member includes an elongate adhesive tape which can be
Heat-shrinkable composite laminate film and process for preparing the same
June 25, 1985
Disclosed herein is a heat-shrinkable composite laminate film comprising an intermediate layer of a copolymer of vinylidene chloride, an outer layer of a polyamide, another outer layer of an olefin resin and two adhesive layers disposed between the intermediate layer and each of the two
Multilayer fuel cell electrode substrate having elongated holes for feeding reactant gases
June 11, 1985
A carbonaceous multilayer electrode substrate for a fuel cell disclosed herein has elongated holes for feeding reactant gases to the fuel cell. The electrode substrate comprises at least one porous carbonaceous layer having such holes. An electrode substrate of the invention comprises su
Vinylidene fluoride resin filament and production thereof
June 4, 1985
A composite fiber comprises at least a two layer structure of a sheath and a core, each layer comprising a vinylidene fluoride resin, the core portion having an inherent viscosity of 1.10 dl/g and the sheath portion having an apparent viscosity lower than that of the core portion, said
Laminated magnetic bubble device
May 7, 1985
Herein disclosed is a laminated magnetic bubble device of a multiple layer structure composed of at least one thin magnetic film having low coercive force and vertically oriented anisotropy which can allow easy generation and erasure of a magnetic bubble, and at least one thin magnetic f
Cell unit for observing electrophoresis
May 7, 1985
A cell unit for observing electrophoresis comprisinga seal member in the form of an endless loop having penetrating holes passing therethrough between outside and inside of the loop at opposing positions of a circumferential wall thereof,a cell situated substantially in the inside of the loo
Process for producing aromatic sulfide polymer with anhydrous amorphous vitreous complex dehalog
April 30, 1985
A process for obtaining an aromatic sulfide polymer which has a markedly high molecular weight and can be readily formed into films, fibers, and other structures. The process comprises heating, to a temperature of 100.degree. to 270.degree. C. in an organic solvent under the coexistence
Automatic parison feed system
March 26, 1985
The present invention relates to an automatic parison feed system for tubular plastic parisons. The parisons are fed, one at a time, from a parison feed unit into a parison loading unit. The parison loading unit, which holds a parison vertically, is positioned above a shuttered aperture
Capacitor discharge circuit
March 12, 1985
A capacitor discharge circuit constructed by a combination of a mechanical switch and an electronic switch. The electronic switch is automatically turned on with a predetermined time delay after closing of the mechanical switch. The mechanical switch is used to completely separate a high
Photoresist material
March 12, 1985
The photoresist material comprises a polymer having chloromethyl groups introduced therein and containing 2-isopropenylnaphthalene as one component, an average substitution degree of the chloromethyl groups based on the polymer is within a range of 0.2 to 5.The photoresist material has a
Platinum compound and drug
March 12, 1985
The present invention relates to a platinum compound having the formula ##STR1## wherein R represents hydrogen atom, an alkali metal atom or a lower alkyl group. The platinum compound is effective as an antitumor and antimicrobial drug.
Fine particles of polyvinyl chloride and process for producing the same
February 26, 1985
Fine particles of polyvinyl chloride produced by bulk polymerization which comprise substantially discrete spherical particles with particle sizes of 0.2 to 2 microns, a plastisol prepared by adding 80 parts by weight of dioctylphthalate to 100 parts by weight of said particles having a
Pharmaceutical composition containing 24,25-dihydroxycholecalciferol as an active ingredient to
February 26, 1985
Disclosed is a pharmaceutical composition in dosage unit form which comprises a dosage effective for the treatment of pains and pyrexia, hypertension, hypotension, hyperlipemia, inflammatory diseases or diseases due to the functional accentuation of thrombocytes of a compound of 24,2
Pharmaceutical composition containing 24,25-dihydroxycholecalciferol as an active ingredient to
February 26, 1985
Disclosed is a pharmaceutical composition in dosage unit form which comprises a dosage effective for the treatment of myodystrophia of a compound of 24,25-dihydroxycholecalciferol and a pharmaceutical acceptable carrier or diluent therefor.
Substrate for liquid chromatography and process for isolating and purifying fat-soluble substanc
February 5, 1985
A substrate for liquid chromatography comprising a spherical particle of highly cross-linked polymer which is produced from (a) 100 parts by weight of a monomer of vinyl ester, acrylate or methacrylate, these esters having a long alkyl chain, if desired, together with a comonomer copolym
Penicillin derivative
January 29, 1985
A penicillin derivative having an antibacterial activity similar to a penicillin antibiotic in a living body without affecting the intestinal bacterial colonies, a process for preparing the derivative and a pharmaceutical composition in a dosage unit form containing the derivative as
Cephalosporin derivative
January 29, 1985
A cephalosporin derivative having an antibacterial activity similar to a cephalosporin antibiotic in living bodies without affecting the intestinal bacterial colonies, a method for preparing the derivative and a pharmaceutical composition in a dosage unit form containing the derivative
Process for producing aromatic sulfide polymers
January 22, 1985
A process for obtaining aromatic sulfide polymer which has a markedly high molecular weight and can be readily formed into films, fibers, and other structures. The process comprises heating, in an aprotic solvent to a temperature of 100.degree. to 250.degree. C., (i) a dihaloaromatic
Heat shrinkable multi-layered laminate film
January 22, 1985
Disclosed herein is a heat-shrinkable multi-layered laminate film comprising a core layer made of a saponified copolymer of ethylene and vinyl acetate, two outer layers made of a mixture of a copolymer of ethylene and vinyl acetate having a crystal melting point of 85.degree. to 103.
Crosslinked chitin derivatives
January 15, 1985
A novel crosslinked polymeric substance and a process for preparing the novel crosslinked polymeric substance are disclosed, the novel crosslinked polymeric substance being prepared from natural chitin or regenerated chitin and the polymeric substance having an amphoteric capability.
1,5-Diphenyl derivative of 1,2,4-triazole-3-carboxamide and herbicide containing the same
January 8, 1985
A compound of 1,5-disubstituted 1,2,4-triazole-3-carboxamide represented by the general formula; ##STR1## wherein R.sup.1 is alkyl of one to three carbon atoms, chloro, fluoro, iodo, trifluoromethyl or nitro, R.sup.2 is hydrogen, methyl or chloro, R.sup.3 is hydrogen or methyl is
Apparatus for removing ligating fittings on smoking casings
January 8, 1985
While conveyed along a deck plate of the apparatus, a smoked ham is conveyed toward a side of the deck plate to have an outer end of an ear of smoked ham casing sandwiched by a sandwiching conveyer, a shoulder of the smoked ham is then pushed by a first guide portion of a guide so that a
Powdery material of minute composite ceramic particles having a dual structure and a process and
January 1, 1985
A powdery material of minute composite ceramic particles having a dual structure, comprising the core formed of zirconium oxide and the outer shell formed of aluminum oxide,a process for producing thereof, which comprisesintroducing gaseous zirconium chloride into a combustion chamber provid
Electrode lead tab for capacitor
December 4, 1984
An electrode lead tab for oil-impregnated capacitors having dielectric sheets and electrode foils laminated to each other, in which a plurality of cutting lines or rifts are provided to a tab main body, so that the tab main body can ensure a close electrical contact at a plurality of reg
Process for preparing raw material for producing carbon material
November 13, 1984
The present invention relates to a process for preparing raw material containing small amount of quinoline-insoluble component for producing carbon material, comprising the steps of admixing a heavy oil of coal origin or of petroleum origin with an organic solvent having a boiling po
Derivatives of tetrahydrobenzothiazole and herbicidal compositions _containing the same as an ac
November 6, 1984
Disclosed is a derivative of tetrahydrobenzothiazole represented by the general formula (I): ##STR1## wherein R.sup.1 represents one of the following groups: ##STR2## wherein R.sup.2 represents a hydrogen atom, methyl group, acetyl group, benzoyl group, phenoxycarbonyl group
Process for producing 3,3,3-trifluoropropyl substituted phenol
October 9, 1984
A novel trifluoropropyl derivative of mono-substituted benzene represented by the general formula: ##STR1## wherein R is halogen atom, hydroxy, trifluoromethyl, n-octyl, n-dodecyl, or phenoxy group not substituted or mono-substituted by 3,3,3-trifluoropropyl group, and n is an in
Sorbent comprising spherical particles of activated carbon depositing non-crystalline compound o
October 2, 1984
Disclosed herein are a sorbent comprising spherical particles of activated carbon formed from a pitch and/or a synthetic, organic high polymer, to which a non-crystalline compound of zirconium has been deposited in an amount of 1 to 10% by weight (calculated as ZrO.sub.2) to the weight
Method for producing diallyl ester of aromatic dicarboxylic acid
September 25, 1984
A novel method for producing a diallyl ester of an aromatic dicarboxylic acid, particularly a diallyl ester of an aromatic symmetrical dicarboxylic acid by ester-exchange of a dialkyl ester of the aromatic dicarboxylic acid with allyl alcohol in the co-presence of two kinds of catalysts
Method of cultivating Ganoderma lucidum (Fr.) Karst.
September 25, 1984
A fruit body of Ganoderma lucidum (Fr.) Karst. having a long stipe is prepared by the method of the invention comprising the following steps;(a) cultivating a seed culture of a Ganoderma lucidum (Fr.) Karst. strain in an artificial solid medium to obtain a fungal tissue bed,(b) maintaining t
Electrode arrangement for a folded polymer piezoelectric ultrasonic detector
September 4, 1984
An ultrasonic detector is provided wherein electrodes are formed on the front and rear surfaces of a high polymer piezoelectric film, such that opposing electrode portion and nonopposing electrode portions are alternately and continually formed, most parts of the electrodes on the fr
Dielectric films and process for preparing same
September 4, 1984
The dielectric film contains from 40 to 97% by volume of a thermoplastic resin, from 2 to 50% by volume of a ceramic dielectric and from 1 to 25% by volume of carbon black. The composite film contain a base film layer composed of said dielectric film and the dielectric film of the th
Pipes made of polypropylene reinforced with carbon fibers
September 4, 1984
Pipes of polypropylene reinforced with carbon fibers comprising 100 parts by weight of polypropylene, 10 to 40 parts by weight of a modified polypropylene by an organic unsaturated carboxylic acid or a copolymer of propylene and the organic unsaturated carboxylic acid and 5 to 70 parts b
Method of controlling air flow rate of fan
August 28, 1984
The air flow rate of a fan driven by a motor controlled by an adjustable speed control equipment is automatically controlled by stopping the adjustable speed control equipment in response to a fault signal therefrom during operation with an inlet vane installed upstream of the fan in ful
Photoelectric detector
August 21, 1984
The photoelectric detector contains a photosensor or light-sensing element of a pyroelectric polymer film interposed by two disturbance-preventive chambers such that the two disturbance-preventive chambers are designed so as to equalize the pressures therein to ambient pressure.The photo
Process for preparing high polymeric substance having saccharide side chains
August 14, 1984
Disclosed are novel high polymeric substances having saccharide side chains, suitable as a high polymeric material having several functions for medical treatments and a process for preparing thereof.
4-[N-(Hydroxybenzyl)aminomethyl]cyclohexane-1-carboxylic acid
August 7, 1984
A novel compound of 4-[N-(hydroxybenzyl)aminomethyl]-cyclohexane-1-carboxylic acid represented by the general formula (I): ##STR1## wherein n is an integer of 1 to 3, or a salt or an ester thereof which has specific pharmacological activities, a method for preparing the derivativ
Process for producing a microcapsule
July 17, 1984
Disclosed herein a process for producing a microcapsule having an excellent solvent-resistance and a thermal stability, and an extremely minute amount of unreacted formaldehyde, comprising the steps of dispersing a substance to be encapsulated into an aqueous solution containing a water-
Catalyst for oxidative dimerization
July 17, 1984
Disclosed is a catalyst for the oxidative dimerization of toluene, comprising a composition represented by the general formula:whereinM represents at least one element selected from the group consisting of beryllium, magnesium, calcium, strontium and barium; M' represents at least one el
Ribbed substrate for fuel cell electrode
July 10, 1984
A porous ribbed substrate for a fuel cell electrode is herein disclosed which has a ribbed layer on one side and a non-ribbed layer with a bulk density larger than the bulk density of the ribbed layer. The fuel cell electrode substrate has a porosity of 50-80% and good mechanical strengt
Laminate film having a heat-shrinkage rate greater than 15 percent at 90.degree. C.
June 26, 1984
Described is a laminate film excellent in oil-resistance, heat-resistant sealing ability, peel resistance and gas-barriering property having a percentage of heat-shrinkage of larger than 15% at 90.degree. C. comprising a center layer consisting of a copolymer(I) of vinylidene chlorid
Shaped article of collagen and process for preparing same
June 19, 1984
A shaped article of collagen having 5 to 20 .mu.m of thickness, the peak maximum temperature of endothermic denaturation thereof being in the range of 62.degree. to 71.degree. C., the wet tensile strength thereof being in the range of 3 to 6 kg/mm.sup.2 and the wet tear strength thereof
Substituted benzene derivatives having at least one benzene ring substituted by 3,3,3-trifluorop
May 29, 1984
A novel trifluoropropyl derivative of mono-substituted benzene represented by the general formula: ##STR1## wherein R is halogen atom, trifluoromethyl, n-octyl, n-dodecyl, or phenoxy group not substituted or mono-substituted by 3,3,3-trifluoropropyl group, and n is an integer of
Process for producing aromatic sulfide polymer
May 29, 1984
Disclosed herein is a process for producing an aromatic sulfide polymer, comprising the step of reacting elementary sulfur, a polyhalogen-substituted aromatic compound, an aldehyde or a condensate thereof and a caustic alkali in an organic solvent.
Organic friction material
May 29, 1984
Disclosed herein is an organic friction material comprising 5 to 25% by volume of metallic fiber, 3 to 40% by volume of activated carbon, 3 to 15% by volume of carbon fiber, 7 to 47% by volume of an organic and inorganic filling material and 10 to 30% by volume of phenolic resin.
Cyclodextrin and method for promoting the proliferation of intestinal bifidobacteria
May 29, 1984
Disclosed is an agent comprising cyclodextrin as the active ingredient and a method for using such agent to promote the proliferation of intestinal bifidobacteria in animals.
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text:
Sinónimos de business en inglés:
1 she had to do a lot of smiling in her business
work, line of work, line, occupation, profession, career, employment, job, day job, position, pursuit, vocation, calling, field, sphere, walk of life, trade, craft;
Scottish way;
French métier
informal racket, game
Australian informal grip
archaic employ
2 who do you do business with in Manila?
trade, trading, commerce, buying and selling, dealing, traffic, trafficking, marketing, merchandising, bargaining;
3 she was running her own business
firm, company, concern, enterprise, venture, organization, operation, undertaking, industry, corporation, establishment, house, shop, office, bureau, agency, franchise, practice, partnership, consortium, cooperative, conglomerate, group, combine, syndicate
4 that's none of my business it's our business to know that sort of thing
concern, affair, responsibility, province, preserve, duty, function, task, assignment, obligation, problem, worry, lookout
British informal pigeon, baby
5 the odd business with the keys remained unexplained
affair, matter, thing, issue, case, set of circumstances, circumstance, situation, occasion, experience, event, incident, happening, occurrence, phenomenon, eventuality, episode, interlude, adventure
Definición de business en:
¿Qué te llama la atención de esta palabra o frase?
Los comentarios que no respeten nuestras Normas comunitarias podrían ser moderados o eliminados.
Muy popular en Reino Unido
Muy popular en Australia
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text:
Men's Tony Lama 11" Vintage Ostrich Western Boots, Chocolate
Item # WX2-578433
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Hawk PettengillShared publicly -
I think I am going to head over to the Pie in the Sky and grab a slice...
Haven't had REAL pizza in a while.
Haven't had REAL pizza in a while.
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Tarek, this was 2 slices from a 30 inch pie. Scroll up and check out the pics. Notice the fork and compare it to the slices. That's a full-sized dinner fork.
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The Aston Martin Vulcan spits flames and slides and generally sounds amazing this video, which shows Top Gear Magazine speeding around Yas Marina.
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We report on a significant improvement of the total bandwidth amplified in an optical parametric process. By pumping a parametric amplifier with a broadband pump, we demonstrate amplification of a supercontinuum whose spectrum expands over nearly an octave ranging from less than 600 nm up to 1200 nm. Our amplifier stage is set to provide amplification at degeneracy in the quasi-collinear configuration with a temporally as well as angularly dispersed pump.
© 2009 Optical Society of America
1. Introduction
During the past few years, optical parametric amplification has proven to be a remarkable technique to produce intense and ultra short pulses [1]. Thanks to many outstanding properties such as broad amplification bandwidth, high single pass gain, high spatial beam quality and signal to idler phase-conjugation, Optical Parametric Chirp Pulse Amplification (OPCPA) is an attractive solution providing intense radiation with tunable parameters. The absence of energy storage in the medium gives to parametric amplification a large potential for operation at high average power (i.e. high repetition rate). Furthermore, the broad gain bandwidth of optical parametric amplifiers in various configurations allows it to generate intense few-cycle pulses in the UV to the NIR spectral range [2].
Such systems are now routinely used in particular in photo-chemistry or photo-biology applications where the parametric process is exploited to easily vary the wavelength [3, 4]. Alternatively, many studies are devoted to take advantage of the gain bandwidth properties. In fact, the large gain bandwidth allows the amplification of broad spectra leading to potentially short pulses [4, 5]. The gain bandwidth of the parametric process is determined by the phase matching conditions and depends on the geometry as well as the type of the crystal [2]. Several solutions have been proposed to enhance OPCPA gain bandwidth [4, 6, 7]. In [7] for instance, the authors have successfully implemented a non-collinear optical parametric amplifier whose gain bandwidth covers several hundreds of nanometers and get output compressed pulses of 4,7 fs. Both collinear and non-collinear geometry can also be improved using broadband pump pulses [5, 6]. Lately, a more versatile geometry has been proposed and consists of spatially dispersing either the pump wave [5, 6]or the signal wave [8].
In general, the white light seed is generated by focusing a short pulse laser beam into a glass or sapphire plate. However, wide supercontinua are only achieved if intense pulses are used. Here, we propose to implement another solution based on highly non-linear micro-structured photonic crystal fibers (PCF). Due to the very tight confinement of light in the core of the fiber, it is possible to generate huge spectral broadening with only a few nJ of energy, thus creating the supercontinuum. Recently Möhring et al.[9] have succeeded in amplifying a spectrum as large as 100 nm and recompressing the pulses down to 13 fs demonstrating the validity of this alternative.
Using the latter techniques in a previous OPCPA experiment at degeneracy [5], we exploited a large 10 nm pump-bandwidth to enlarge the total amplified bandwidth around 800 nm. In this configuration (collimated pump beam) the whole theoretical phase-matched region [10], expanding over 400 nm from 600 nm to 1000 nm (cf. Fig. 1), was amplified. This performance was demonstrated by paying careful attention to the relative temporal dispersion of both the pump and the signal beam. In this paper, we propose to extend the parametric amplification bandwidth to reach 600 nm. The idea implemented here, which has already been studied in the non-collinear regime [6, 11–13], is an extension of our previous experiment based on broadband pumping [5]. Keeping a quasi-collinear geometry, the 10 nm bandwidth of the pump is now spatially dispersed over ∆α=1.5 degrees before interacting with the signal. As illustrated in Fig. 1 the theoretical extreme phase-matching curves (for the 400 nm and the 410 nm pump wavelengths) are moved apart compared to the case where the pump beam is collimated (α=1°). As a consequence, the amplification bandwidth now covers a full octave lying from 600 nm up to 1200 nm.
Fig. 1.
2. Theoretical background
To predict the parametric amplifier behavior under such conditions, we numerically solve the coupled propagation equations system that characterizes the interaction between three waves in a non-linear media [12, 13].
The system reads:
A Runge-Kutta method is used to numerically integrate this system assuming plane-wave propagating fields and a slowly varying envelope in anisotropic media. More information about the theoretical concepts of OPCPA and about the simulation code used in the present study can be found in [12]. The authors have explored several parameters acting on the parametric amplifier's gain, thus giving information on critical parameters and optimal settings. The amplified spectrum is determined by discretizing the pump and signal spectra while the idler power is set to zero and solving the above system. The theoretical gain curves are presented as graph (b) of Fig. 2, 4 and 5 and as the blue curve of Fig. 10(b).
Depending on the pump spectral density, the gain curve can exhibit very strong variations. In the following study, we present three gain curves obtained using Gaussian, flat and ramped pump spectral densities. For a classical Gaussian shaped pump, the gain curve (cf. Fig. 2) is strongly modulated and a low gain is observed in the center of the phase-matched spectral region. A gain variation going from 3200 to 70 000 is predicted.
Fig. 2.
This strong modulation over the amplified bandwidth is due to the shape of the pump spectral density. Each component of the pump is phase-matched with a different wavelength region of the supercontinuum. But, since the pump spectral density is shaped, each pump wavelength has a different optimal interaction distance zNL as shown on Fig. 3 and Fig. 10(b) at which a maximum energy transfer from pump to signal occurs. This distance is minimal for the wavelengths phase-matched by the most intense 405 nm component, i.e. 650 and 1050 nm. It is maximal (1.6 times longer) around 800 nm which is phase-matched by the less intense 410 nm component. The strong modulation of the gain directly depends on the difference between the effective interaction distance fixed by the spatial overlap of the two beams (the experimental interaction length Zexpis calculated using the geometry of the system and is found to be as large as 3 mm) and the wavelength dependent zNL. The experimental interaction distance is drawn on Fig. 3 as a black vertical line. The output signal gain is maximal when zNL is close to zexp and minimal when it is far. The role of zNL in our context is better understood if we plot the evolution of the signal as it gets amplified during propagation in the crystal. Figure 3 shows both evolutions of a signal component at 1000 nm (Signal 1) pumped by the strong pump at 406 nm (Pump 1) and of another signal component at 800 nm (Signal 2) amplified by the weak pump at 410 nm (Pump 2). Due to a stronger pump power at 406 nm (Pump 1) than at 410 nm (Pump 2), zNL 1 is shorter than zNL 2. Considering now an effective interaction length zexp of 3 mm, better energy transfer and thus amplification is obtained for Signal 2 than for signal 1. Indeed, maximum gain for Signal 1 is reached before zexp leading to energy back conversion between zNL 1 and zexp and resulting in a poor signal power at zexp. On the contrary, zNL 2 is greater than zexp. In that case Signal 2 hasn't got time to be fully amplified but is already more powerful than Signal 1 at zexp. This different amplification factor over the signal spectrum results in strong modulation of the gain curve.
Fig. 3.
To avoid this strong modulation of the gain over the octave, zNL must be kept close to zexp as much as possible for each single wavelength thus ensuring maximum energy transfer. If a spectrally uniform intensity distribution is given to the pump, as shown in Fig. 4(a), the flatness of the parametric gain is already much better as illustrated in Fig. 4(b). In that case, the strong modulation has disappeared and the gain varies by a maximum factor 2 although smaller on average.
Fig. 4.
In order to flatten the gain curve even more over the octave, the pump beam spectrum can be shaped. By properly ramping the pump spectral distribution (cf. Fig. 5(a)), the shape of the parametric gain can be tailored as shown in Fig. 5(b).
Fig. 5.
In this configuration, a constant gain around 1750 is observed for all signal phase-matched wavelengths. This last result is very interesting. Indeed, the pump spectrum can be easily shaped in order to obtain such a monotonically decreasing spectral density, thus making this method perfectly suitable for very short pulse amplification and recompression.
All previous simulations have been performed using a flat density distribution for the signal beam. We have chosen to present those simple simulations to highlight the strong impact of pump spectral density on gain behaviour. We then have carried out a more complete theoretical study which better fit experimental parameters by taking into account both the pump and the supercontinuum spectral density. The graphs presented in Fig. 6 are the theoretical gain curves calculated for three different crystal lengths. As one can see, gain is strongly influenced by the effective interaction length. If it is too short (1mm) the low signal wavelength are not yet amplified at the output of the crystal. On the contrary, if it is too long, back conversion of the energy occurs leading to a poor amplification of the signal. This phenomenon can be observed on the gain curve for the 3 mm long nonlinear crystal where the spectral region around 850 nm is weakly amplified due to a mismatch between zNL and zexp as already explained above.
Fig. 6
Those simulations have been carried out to evaluate the key factors influencing the efficiency of extremely large parametric amplification processes. Consistent with our first experiment designed to amplify a 400 nm spectral bandwidth, [5] we have built a system able to enhance the phase-matched region to nearly an octave centered at 900 nm. As will be shown, experimental data are in good agreement with the theoretical simulations described here.
3. Experimental setup
Our setup (see Fig. 9) implements a collinear parametric amplifier pumped by a large bandwidth angularly dispersed beam [6]. The primary source of the setup consists in a Ti: Sapphire femtosecond laser chain operating at 1 kHz and set to deliver around 600 mW after the compressor. The beam is split in two parts by a pair of 4 % reflection mirrors. The low energy arm is used to produce the ultra-broadband signal in a photonic crystal fiber, while the high energy arm is frequency doubled to create the broadband pump. The second harmonic generation (SHG) stage consists of a 300 μm thick type I BBO crystal. With an efficiency of 20 % we obtain more than 100 mW of blue pulses with a spectrum extending from 400 to 410 nm (FWHM) (cf. Fig. 7).
Fig. 7.
The ultra-broad spectrum signal is generated in a photonic crystal fiber with a zero dispersion wavelength at 810 nm. A detailed description of the generation of a supercontinuum in PCF is given in [14]. When injecting a fiber close to the zero dispersion wavelength in the anomalous dispersion side, the pulse excites a soliton of order N, which can be described as a superposition of N fundamental solitons having different peak powers and durations. The perturbations by higher order dispersion terms and Raman scattering lead to a fission of the initial Nth order soliton into N fundamental solitons with different center wavelengths. Due to intra-pulse Raman scattering fundamental solitons are red-shifted. As they have different duration and peak power every fundamental soliton experiences a different spectral shift. The creation of visible components of the continuum is explained by the emission of phase-matched radiation in the normal dispersion regime called resonant or linear waves. Every fundamental soliton gives rise to a single linear wave. Finally, the overlap of several fundamental solitons and the created linear waves by soliton fission composes the spectrum which is known as supercontinuum (SC).
Fig. 8.
As can be seen in Fig. 8, the chirp of the SC is quadratic. As a consequence, to obtain a perfect temporal overlap of every phase-matched wavelength, the pump must be linearly chirped. This is schematically represented in Fig. 8 with the three vertical red lines which represent the different spectral components of the pump. As can be seen, the 410 nm wavelength must arrive before the 405 and the 400 nm components. Therefore, we use a fused silica prism sequence compressor to fine tune the temporal overlap between each component of the pump and the signal.
As shown in Fig. 1, phase-matched wavelengths extend from 650 nm to 1040 nm for a collimated pump beam. However, by spatially dispersing the wave vectors of the pump it is possible to significantly enhance the phase-matched range. Indeed, if the pump beam wavelengths arrive in the crystal with angles varying continuously from 0,5° (for the 400 nm component) to 2° (for the 410 nm) (cf. Fig. 9), phase matching is achieved over an octave ranging from 600 nm to slightly more than 1200 nm. The wave vector dispersion is set by adjusting the right distance (3m) between a dispersing LaKL 21 prism and the focusing lens located before the parametric amplification crystal.
The supercontinuum is launched in the crystal with an angle of 27,3° with respect to the optical axis (O.A.) and at 0,5° from the 400 nm component of the pump. Under these conditions, the 410 nm component of the pump amplifies the 800 nm region of the signal while the 400 nm of the pump transfers its energy to both the signal components at 600 nm and 1200 nm. Accordingly, the remaining components located between 400 and 410 nm will fulfill phase matching for signal wavelengths between 600 and 1200 nm.
Figure 10 (a) shows the measured spectra. The bottom curve is the signal continuum without amplification. The upper curve is the spectrum obtained with amplification. As expected, the spectrum extends from below 600 nm up to 1200 nm, showing important gain variation. The intermediate curves are obtained by pumping the amplifier with a spectral fraction of the pump beam. Since the pump beam is spatially dispersed it is easy to clip the beam with a blocker before the focusing lens and thus select part of the spectrum. For instance, the lowest inner curve in Fig. 10 (a) (violet curve) results in amplification with a pump beam limited to wavelengths below 400 nm. The two amplified peaks at 600 nm and 1200 nm are consistent with the phase matching curves of Fig. 1. As we moved the blocker out of the pump beam more and more wavelengths are participating to the amplification process resulting in more signal wavelength being amplified (upper 2 inner curves on Fig. 10 (a): blue and green curves).
Fig. 9.
The agreement between the amplified parts of the continuum and the theoretically phase-matched spectral regions allows to check and to optimize the geometry of the setup. As can be seen in Fig. 10(b) (red curve), the gain varies over two orders of magnitude. It is minimal for the 700 nm to 800 nm region and maximal around 650 nm. The low gain around 750 nm can be explained by two effects. First of all, an angle smaller than 2° for the 410 nm pump component will result in a total lack of amplification around 750 nm. Indeed, to get the broadest amplified spectrum, alignment is done by adjusting the crystal angle with respect to the 400 nm component to ensure that both edges of the spectrum are amplified. As a consequence, the 410 nm component of the pump might be injected with an angle slightly smaller than 2°. For instance, with an angle of 1,85° only the whole region ranging from 700 to 800 nm looses phase-matching and parametric amplification vanishes. This variation of 0,15° represents an error of only 0,6% on the distance between the prism and the focusing lens on the pump arm. At contrast, the gain reaches respectively 500 (~27dB) and 100 (~20dB) for the extreme regions of the octave at 600 and 1150 nm.
Fig. 10.
Second, the weak amplification around 750 nm is also due to the pump intensity distribution as discussed theoretically. Figure 10 (b) shows both theoretical (blue curve) and experimental (red curve) normalized gains. Also shown is the optimal interaction length zNL for each signal component. We clearly see that as soon as zNL gets longer than actual experimental interaction length zexp, the gain decreases. A difference between the two curves lies in the average gain which is much higher in the theory.
This variation is due to the approximation of perfect phasematching conditions used in the calculations for both the spatial and the temporal overlap. In practice several effects can lead to a decrease of the gain over the whole phasematched region. In our experiment, the signal focal point contained geometrical aberrations due to the 90° off-axis aspheric mirror used to collimate the photonic crystal fibre's output beam. This decreases the spatial overlap quality and thus the overall gain-bandwidth. Nevertheless we can observe the overall shape-similarity between the two curves, in particular the location of the maxima and minima whose origin was explained earlier. However, this limitation of the efficiency of OPCPA can be overcome thanks to a tailored pump spectral density as discussed in the theoretical section. By optimizing the gain profile along phasematched wavelengths, one could open a new route toward efficient ultra-large band OPCPA. The experiment presented here highlights the necessary tools and physical choices to obtain good parametric amplification over extremely large spectra. A few modifications and improvements can be considered. On the one hand, theoretical studies of octave parametric amplification show solutions exist to compensate pump spectral density effects. To obtain a flat gain over the octave the pump beam must be spectrally shaped. This could be feasible by adding a spectral shaping stage on the pump beam before the prisms stretching stage. On the other hand, amplified signal pulses can be recompressed to lead to few cycle pulses. As show by supercontinuum studies, output pulses from a PCF are hardly recompressible when spectral expansion is initiated by pulses longer than 50 fs [15]. But under certain conditions: short PCF fiber and short pulses, coherence of supercontinuum is increased thus allowing temporal recompression. This property has already been demonstrated in an OPCPA experiment. By implementing a spatial light modulation stage for SC before amplification, they have obtained recompressed pulses as short as 13 fs [9].
4. Conclusion
We have presented an experimental as well as theoretical study of parametric amplification of extreme bandwidth. We have demonstrated parametric amplification over a bandwidth covering nearly an octave in the visible-IR domain. We have identified and discussed the main problems limiting the performances of the setup. The theoretical investigations have shown that the intensity distribution of the pump is a key point strongly influencing large modulations in the parametric gain curve. This experiment is based on the control of the dispersion of both the signal (temporal) and the pump (temporal and angular). The control of the pump temporal and spatial dispersion appears to be very sensitive but, if carefully adjusted, turns out to be efficient. The homogeneous amplification of a spectrum ranging over one octave from visible to IR represents a very challenging goal and we have shown that parametric amplification at degeneracy using a broadband pump is an interesting solution. This method can offer an alternative to conventional spectral expansion approaches based on filamentation for all laser source systems that do not deliver high energy pulses. Also, supercontinuum generation in photonic crystal fibers in the present context offers a possibility to obtain very stable signal seed for the OPCPA with a very small fraction of the energy from the initial laser source. Finally, by a proper control of the phase and amplitude of the signal, this technique provides the opportunity of generating potentially extremely short pulses (very few cycles) whose energy can be scaled with the available pump power.
References and links
1. N. Ross, P. Matousek, M. Towrie, A. J. Langley, and J. L. Collier, "The prospects for ultrashort pulse duration and ultrahigh intensity using optical parametric chirped pulse amplifiers," Opt. Commun . 144, 125–133 (1997). [CrossRef]
2. G. Cerullo and S. Silvestri, "Ultrafast optical parametric amplifiers," Rev. Sci. Instrum . 74, 1–18 (2003). [CrossRef]
3. G. McConnell, "Confocal laser scanning fluorescence microscopy with a visible continuum source," Opt. Express 12, 2844–2850 (2004). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
4. T. V. Andersen, O. Schmidt, C. Bruchmann, J. Limpert, C. Aguergaray, E. Cormier, and A. Tünnermann, "High repetition rate tunable femtosecond pulses and broadband amplification from fiber laser pumped parametric amplifier," Opt. Express 14, 4765–4773 (2006). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
5. J. Limpert, C. Aguergaray, S. Montant, I. Manek-Hönninger, E. Cormier, and F. Salin, "Ultra-broad bandwidth parametric amplification at degeneracy," Opt. Express 13, 7386–7392 (2005). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
6. Baltuska and T. Kobayashi, "Adaptive shaping of two-cycle visible pulses using a flexible mirror," Appl. Phys. B 75, 427–443 (2002). [CrossRef]
7. Shirakawa, I. Sakane, M. Takasaka, and T. Kobayashi, "Sub-5-fs visible pulse generation by pulse-front-matched noncollinear optical parametric amplification," Appl. Phys. Lett . 74, 2268–2270 (1999). [CrossRef]
8. G. Arisholm, J. Biegert, P. Schlup, C. P. Hauri, and U. Keller, "Ultra-broadband chirped-pulse optical parametric amplifier with angularly dispersed beams," Opt. Express 12, 3, 518–530 (2004). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
9. J. Möhring, T. Buckup, B. von Vacano, and M. Motzkus, "Parametrically amplified ultrashort pulses from a shaped photonic crystal fiber supercontinuum," Opt. Lett . 33, 186–188 (2008). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
10. SNLO is a software package for simulating wave mixing available from AS-Photonics, LLC., (http://www.as-photonics.com/?q=SNLO).
11. K. Yamane, T. Tanigawa, T. Sekikawa, and M. Yamashita, "Angularly-dispersed optical parametric amplification of optical pulses with one-octave bandwidth toward monocycle regime," Opt. Express 16, 22, 18345–18353 (2008), http://www.opticsinfobase.org/oe/abstract.cfm?uri=oe-16-22-18345. [CrossRef] [PubMed]
12. D. N. Schimpf, J. Rothhardt, J. Limpert, A. Tünnermann, and D. C. Hanna, "Theoretical analysis of the gain bandwidth for noncollinear parametric amplification of ultrafast pulses," J. Opt. Soc. Am. B 24, 2837–2846 (2007). [CrossRef]
13. S. Witte, R. T. Zinkstok, W. Hogervorst, and K. S. E. Eikema, "Numerical simulation for performance optimization of a few-cycle terawatt NOPCPA system," Appl. Phys. B 87, 677–684 (2007). [CrossRef]
14. J. M. Dudley, G. Genty, and S. Coen, "Supercontinuum generation in photonic crystal fiber," Rev. Mod. Phys . 78, 1135–1184 (2006). [CrossRef]
15. J. Dudley and S. Coen, "Fundamental limits to few-cycle pulse generation from compression of supercontinuum spectra generated in photonic crystal fiber," Opt. Express 12, 2423–2428 (2004). [CrossRef] [PubMed]


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What is Double Brace initialization syntax (
{{ ... }}) in Java?
We started with Q&A. Technical documentation is next, and we need your help.
Whether you're a beginner or an experienced developer, you can contribute.
What is Double Brace initialization syntax (
Double brace initialisation creates an anonymous class derived from the specified class (the outer braces), and provides an initialiser block within that class (the inner braces). e.g.
Note that an effect of using this double brace initialisation is that you're creating anonymous inner classes. The created class has an implicit
Every time someone uses double brace initialisation, a kitten gets killed.
Apart from the syntax being rather unusual and not really idiomatic (taste is debatable, of course), you are unnecessarily creating two significant problems in your application, which I've just recently blogged about in more detail here.
1. You're creating way too many anonymous classes
Each time you use double brace initialisation a new class is made. E.g. this example:
... will produce these classes:
That's quite a bit of overhead for your classloader - for nothing! Of course it won't take much initialisation time if you do it once. But if you do this 20'000 times throughout your enterprise application... all that heap memory just for a bit of "syntax sugar"?
2. You're potentially creating a memory leak!
If you take the above code and return that map from a method, callers of that method might be unsuspectingly holding on to very heavy resources that cannot be garbage collected. Consider the following example:
The returned
Image from http://blog.jooq.org/2014/12/08/dont-be-clever-the-double-curly-braces-anti-pattern/
3. You can pretend that Java has map literals
To answer your actual question, people have been using this syntax to pretend that Java has something like map literals, similar to the existing array literals:
Some people may find this syntactically stimulating.
For a fun application of double brace initialization, see here Dwemthy's Array in Java.
An excerpt
And now, be prepared for the
For example:
How it works
first brace creates a new Anonymous Inner Class. These inner classes are capable of accessing the behavior of their parent class. So, in our case, we are actually creating a subclass of HashSet class, so this inner class is capable of using add() method.
And second set of braces are nothing but instance initializers. If you remind core java concepts then you can easily associate instance initializer blocks with static initializers due to similar brace like struct. Only difference is that static initializer is added with static keyword, and is run only once; no matter how many objects you create.
you mean something like this?
it's an array list initialization in creation time (hack)
You can put some Java statements as loop to initialize collection:
But this case affect to performance, check this discussion
It's - among other uses - a shortcut for initializing collections. Learn more ...
This would appear to be the same as the with keyword so popular in flash and vbscript. It's a method of changing what
To avoid all negative effects of double brace initialization, such as:
do next things:
And, as a result, we have simplest java builder pattern ever.
See all samples at github: java-sf-builder-simple-example
I'd like to point out that there is no such thing as double brace initialization. There is only normal traditional one brace initializaition block. Second braces block has nothing to do with initialization. Answers say that those two braces initialize something, but it is not like that.
Secondly, almost all answers talk that it is a thing used when creating anonymous inner classes. I think that people reading those answers will get the impression that this is only used when creating anonymous inner classes. But it is used in all classes. Reading those answers it looks like is some brand new special future dedicated to anonymous classes and I think that is misleading.
Going further, this question talks about situation when second opening bracket is just after first opening bracket. When used in normal class usually there is some code between two braces, but it is totally the same thing. So it is a matter of placing brackets. So I think we should not say that this is some new exciting thing, beacuse this is the thing which we all know, but just written with some code between brackets. We should not create new concept called "double brace initialization".
I don't agree with an argument that you create too many anonymous classes. You're not creating them because an initialization block, but just because you create them. They would be created even if you did not use two braces initialization so those problems would occur even without initialization... Initialization is not the factor which creates initialized object.
Additionally we should not talk about problem created by using this non-existent thing "double brace initialization" or even by normal one bracket initialization, because described problems exist only because of creating anonymous class so it has nothing to do with original question. But all answers with give the readers impression that it is not fault of creating anonymous classes, but this evil (non-existent) thing called "double brace initialization".


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Ever since Mayor Nutter's ban on feeding homeless people on Benjamin Franklin Parkway went into effect June 1, I've been worried about Violet Little.
After all, she's been nourishing the Parkway's homeless for two years. But her meals are heartier than chunky chili or cheesy ziti. I fret that her mission might be at risk.
A Lutheran minister, Little is pastor of the Welcome Church, which she founded as "a church without walls," since no bricks or mortar shelter its inhabitants. Instead, the church bursts to life like Brigadoon on the last Sunday of the month with an open-air service on Logan Square.


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In This Section
Journal Forum
A Meta-Analysis of High Resolution Audio Perceptual Evaluation - June 2016
2 comments
Synthetic Reverberator - January 1960
3 comments
Sound Board: High-Resolution Audio - October 2015
4 comments
AES Member Profile
Larry Sheridan
Audio Field:
- Recording Industry - Music Recording/Mix Studio
Job Duties:
- Owner/Director
- Acoustic Consultant
- Composer
- Consultant
- Producer
- Record Label Executive
- Studio Manager
New Yorker, singer/songwriter. Jazz guitar background. I produce many indie artist albums. Love and studied many genre's of music.
Our studio has produced many #1 songs in Country and Christian/Gospel. Also won a Grammy for The Songs of Stephen Foster project. My wife Robin Ruddy is owner/musician as well. She toured for 2 years with Rod Stewart playing steel,dobro,banjo and guitar.
Please call me for golf.
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2006 Thoroughbred bay mare.Royal Ranegade out of Rutters Renegade by Royal walk. She raced 8 times, was retired to the breeding shed and has two beautiful…$1,500
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Well trained beautiful gelding. Successfully shown Western,Country English Pleasure , Hunter, Show hack, Halter. Would be great for a 10 and under or 13…$10,000
2016 APHA colt by a son of RC Fancy Steps by an own daughter of Boomernic. Might be willing to trade for a quality quarter horse.Make an Offer
TDR White Stone is a True DNA Tested Black and tested HOMOZYGOUS BLACK CHAMPION ARABIAN STALLION and International Sire! He is AVAILABLE FOR BREEDING!…No Price Listed
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[edit] Background
The parallel universe of Signus suffers under the reign of the tyrant Aguilas. Destined to take the mantle of the Sun, a symbol of hope for the people of Signus, you leave modern-day Earth to free this world. Redmoon is a MMORPG in which you can play as the 9 (customizable) key characters. Experience the story alone or with friends; you can even participate in large-scale battles involving players only if you wish. The presentation in not unlike Diablo II.


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Nobel Lecture: United States Then, Europe Now
Under the Articles of Confederation, the central government of the United States had limited power to tax. Therefore, large debts accumulated during the US War for Independence traded at deep discounts. That situation framed a US fiscal crisis in the 1780s. A political revolution--for that was what scuttling the Articles of Confederation in favor of the Constitution of the United States of America was--solved the fiscal crisis by transferring authority to levy tariffs from the states to the federal government. The Constitution and acts of the First Congress of the United States in August 1790 gave Congress authority to raise enough revenues to service a big government debt. In 1790, the Congress carried out a comprehensive bailout of state governments' debts, part of a grand bargain that made creditors of the states become advocates of ample federal taxes. That bailout created expectations about future federal bailouts that a costly episode in the early 1840s proved to be unwarranted.
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I am using jQuery's datatable and I occasionally toggle the visiblity of some of the columns using the below code
tableId.fnSetColumnVis(0, false);
Having done that, there are some other controls on the UI that I was to toggle the visibility for. So, I need to check (Say on page load) if the column with 0 index is visible/hidden/present - whatever.
Please advise. Thanks


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College: Grambling St.
Weighted Career AV (100-95-...): 93 (197th overall since 1960)
High School: A.H. Parker (AL)
Draft: Kansas City Chiefs in the 1st round (1st overall) of the 1963 AFL Draft.
New York Giants in the 19th round (265th overall) of the 1963 NFL Draft.
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IRVINE, CA-While the number of foreclosure filings decreased 3% nationally in 2012 from 2011, foreclosure activity increased in 25 states over the course of last year, according to locally based RealtyTrac's Year-End 2012 Foreclosure Market Report. Twenty of those states primarily use the longer judicial foreclosure process, including New Jersey, Florida, Connecticut, Indiana, Illinois and New York. However, foreclosure activity in 2012 decreased from 2011 in 25 states—19 of which primarily use the more streamlined non-judicial foreclosure process, including Nevada, Utah, Oregon, Arizona, California and Michigan.
Florida posted the nation's highest state foreclosure rate in 2012, with 3.11% of housing units receiving a foreclosure filing during the year. Other states with top five foreclosure rates were Nevada, Arizona, Georgia and Illinois.
According to Daren Blomquist, VP at RealtyTrac, "2012 was the year of the judicial foreclosure, with foreclosure activity increasing from 2011 in 20 of the 26 states that primarily use the judicial process, and a judicial state—Florida—posting the highest state foreclosure rate for the first time since the housing crisis began. Meanwhile, foreclosure activity continued to decline in 19 of the 24 states that use the more streamlined non-judicial foreclosure process, but there could be a backlog of delayed foreclosures building up in some of those states as well as the result of recent state legislation and court rulings that raise the bar for lenders to foreclose."
As GlobeSt.com reported earlier this month, while foreclosure starts dropped 28% from a year ago to a 71-month low, the number of bank repossessions increased annually for the first time since October 2010, according to RealtyTrac. The firm's U.S. Foreclosure Market Report for November 2012 showed foreclosure filings decreased 3% from October and 19% from November 2011, but US bank repossessions increased 11% from the previous month and 5% from November 2011, a nine-month high.
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Bullets fly as fire chars bait shop
Published: Thursday, January 4, 2001 at 3:15 a.m.
Last Modified: Thursday, January 4, 2001 at 12:00 a.m.
A fire swept through a Union Street bait and tackle shop late Wednesday, gutting most of the building and sending bullets flying in the process.
Authorities have not determined what caused the fire at Cedar Springs Trading Post located at 1600 Union Street. No one was injured. City firefighters were dispatched to the fire about 10:30 p.m. after a store clerk at the Union Street Mini-Mart noticed smoke coming from the building. The Croft and Arkwright fire departments also were dispatched because the building was located in the county. Firefighters said most of the building was boarded up, which prevented heat from escaping. Firefighters attempted to enter the structure, but high temperatures and exploding bullet casings prevented them. "It was like going into a furnace," said Lewis Hayes, Croft fire chief. "Temperatures were well over a 1,000 degrees in there." Residents said Cedar Springs Trading Post primarily sold fishing bait and ammunition for hunters. Hayes said investigators would not be able to determine what caused the blaze until the fire was brought under control. He said the age of the building and weather conditions could have contributed. "This is the time of year for fires," Hayes said. "It's an older house. Combine that with cold weather, and it can be dangerous."
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Roland Berger Strategy Consultants
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- About Roland Berger Strategy Consultants, founded in 1967, is one of the world's leading strategy consultancies with around 2 700 employees working in 51 offices in 36 countries worldwide. Roland Berger advises major international industry and service companies as well as public institutions. Services cover all issues of strategic management – from strategy alignment and new business models, processes and organizational structures, to technology strategies.
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Course: CISA Certification – Certified Information Systems Auditor
CISA Course Duration: 4 Days
Code: CISA/103
|No. of Days
|Jun 2016
|Jul 2016
|Aug 2016
|Sep 2016
|Oct 2016
|Nov 2016
|Dec 2016
|CISA – Certified in Information Systems Auditor
ISACA's CISA Certification is a world-renowned and popular certification for professionals working in the field of IS audit and IT risk consulting.
Our CISA Exam prep course is an intense, very competitive and exam focused course. With our experience of delivering more than 150+ CISA events in Europe and around the world and training more than 1200+ CISA delegates, our CISA course material has been developed in house with the priority of ensuring CISA delegates pass the ISACA CISA Exam. The ISACA's Official Review Manual and Question, Answer and Explanation Supplements will ALSO be provided on attendance. The training methodology used, focuses on understanding the Core IS auditing concepts and practicing large number of ISACA released question banks from the last three years. CISA Certification holders are in huge demand with renowned accountings firms, global banks, advisory, assurance, and internal audit departments.
Delegates may have years of experience in IT auditing, but a perspective towards solving questions in the CISA examination will solely depend on their understanding to globally accepted IT assurance practices. ISACA's CISA exam is a challenge, ISACA tests you on your understanding in global IT auditing practices. To address these exam challenges, we always provide the best trainers who have extensive experience in delivering CISA training around the world.
CThe Net Security CISA manual covers all exam-relevant concepts, case studies, Q&A's across CISA five domains. Further, the Trainer shares the key CISA supporting material like relevant CISA notes, question banks, CISA glossary, videos, revision documents, exam tips, and CISA mind maps during the course.
All our trainers have extensive experience in delivering CISA training. We will thoroughly prepare you for the CISA examination. Covered by professionals, the CISA training course is one of the strongest sides of our expertise. If you do not pass first time, then join us again for exam preparation free of charge.
The ultimate goal is to pass your CISA examination first time, as well as:-
- Use the knowledge gained in a practical manner beneficial for your organisation
- Provide audit services in accordance with IT audit standards
- Provide assurance on leadership and organizational structure and processes
- Provide assurance on acquisition/ development, testing and implementation of IT assets
- Provide assurance on IT operations including service operations and third party
- Provide assurance on organization's security policies, standards, procedures, and controls to ensure confidentiality, integrity,
and availability of information assets.
Finance/CPA professionals, I.T. security professionals, Internal & External auditors, Information security, and risk consulting professionals.
Nb:- There is no set pre requisite for this course. ISACA do require a minimum of five years' professional information systems auditing, control or security work experience to qualify for full certification.
CISA Domain 1—The Process of Auditing Information Systems (14%)
Provide audit services in accordance with IT audit standards to assist the organization in protecting and controlling information systems.
1.1 Develop and implement a risk-based IT audit strategy in compliance with IT audit standards to ensure that key areas are included.
1.2 Plan specific audits to determine whether information systems are protected, controlled and provide value to the organization.
1.3 Conduct audits in accordance with IT audit standards to achieve planned audit objectives.
1.4 Report audit findings and make recommendations to key stakeholders to communicate results and effect change when necessary.
1.5 Conduct follow-ups or prepare status reports to ensure appropriate actions have been taken by management in a timely manner.
CISA Domain 2—Governance and Management of IT (14%)
Provide assurance that the necessary leadership and organization structure and processes are in place to achieve objectives and to support the organization's strategy.
2.1 Evaluate the effectiveness of the IT governance structure to determine whether IT decisions, directions and performance support the organization's strategies and objectives.
2.2 Evaluate IT organizational structure and human resources (personnel) management to determine whether they support the organization's strategies and objectives.
2.3 Evaluate the IT strategy, including the IT direction, and the processes for the strategy's development, approval, implementation and maintenance for alignment with the organization's strategies and objectives.
2.4 Evaluate the organization's IT policies, standards, and procedures, and the processes for their development, approval, implementation, maintenance, and monitoring, to determine whether they support the IT strategy and comply with regulatory and legal requirements.
2.5 Evaluate the adequacy of the quality management system to determine whether it supports the organization's strategies and objectives in a cost-effective manner.
2.6 Evaluate IT management and monitoring of controls (e.g., continuous monitoring, QA) for compliance with the organization's policies, standards and procedures.
2.7 Evaluate IT resource investment, use and allocation practices, including prioritization criteria, for alignment with the organization's strategies and objectives.
2.8 Evaluate IT contracting strategies and policies, and contract management practices to determine whether they support the organization's strategies and objectives.
2.9 Evaluate risk management practices to determine whether the organization's IT-related risks are properly managed.
2.10 Evaluate monitoring and assurance practices to determine whether the board and executive management receive sufficient and timely information about IT performance.
2.11 Evaluate the organization's business continuity plan to determine the organization's ability to continue essential business operations during the period of an IT disruption.
CISA Domain 3—Information Systems Acquisition, Development, and Implementation (19%)
Provide assurance that the practices for the acquisition, development, testing, and implementation of information systems meet the organization's strategies and objectives.
3.1 Evaluate the business case for the proposed investments in information systems acquisition, development, maintenance and subsequent retirement to determine whether it meets business objectives.
3.2 Evaluate the project management practices and controls to determine whether business requirements are achieved in a cost-effective manner while managing risks to the organization.
3.3 Conduct reviews to determine whether a project is progressing in accordance with project plans, is adequately supported by documentation and status reporting is accurate.
3.4 Evaluate controls for information systems during the requirements, acquisition, development and testing phases for compliance with the organization's policies, standards, procedures and applicable external requirements.
3.5 Evaluate the readiness of information systems for implementation and migration into production to determine whether project deliverables, controls and organization's requirements are met.
3.6 Conduct post-implementation reviews of systems to determine whether project deliverables, controls and organization's requirements are met.
CISA Domain 4—Information Systems Operations, Maintenance and Support (23%)
Provide assurance that the processes for information systems operations, maintenance and support meet the organization's strategies and objectives.
4.1 Conduct periodic reviews of information systems to determine whether they continue to meet the organization's objectives.
4.2 Evaluate service level management practices to determine whether the level of service from internal and external service providers is defined and managed.
4.3 Evaluate third party management practices to determine whether the levels of controls expected by the organization are being adhered to by the provider.
4.4 Evaluate operations and end-user procedures to determine whether scheduled and non-scheduled processes are managed to completion.
4.5 Evaluate the process of information systems maintenance to determine whether they are controlled effectively and continue to support the organization's objectives.
4.6 Evaluate data administration practices to determine the integrity and optimization of databases.
4.7 Evaluate the use of capacity and performance monitoring tools and techniques to determine whether IT services meet the organization's objectives.
4.8 Evaluate problem and incident management practices to determine whether incidents, problems or errors are recorded, analyzed and resolved in a timely manner.
4.9 Evaluate change, configuration and release management practices to determine whether scheduled and non-scheduled changes made to the organization's production environment are adequately controlled and documented.
4.10 Evaluate the adequacy of backup and restore provisions to determine the availability of information required to resume processing.
4.11 Evaluate the organization's disaster recovery plan to determine whether it enables the recovery of IT processing capabilities in the event of a disaster.
CISA Domain 5—Protection of Information Assets (30%)
Provide assurance that the organization's security policies, standards, procedures and controls ensure the confidentiality, integrity and availability of information assets.
5.1 Evaluate the information security policies, standards and procedures for completeness and alignment with generally accepted practices.
5.2 Evaluate the design, implementation and monitoring of system and logical security controls to verify the confidentiality, integrity and availability of information.
5.3 Evaluate the design, implementation, and monitoring of the data classification processes and procedures for alignment with the organization's policies, standards, procedures, and applicable external requirements.
5.4 Evaluate the design, implementation and monitoring of physical access and environmental controls to determine whether information assets are adequately safeguarded.
5.5 Evaluate the processes and procedures used to store, retrieve, transport and dispose of information assets (e.g., backup media, offsite storage, hard copy/print data, and softcopy media) to determine whether information assets are adequately safeguarded.


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Movie Night BNS Team
Regular NON Team Treasuries
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Post any treasuries you have made and are featured in here! Do not post the team challenge treasuries here.
Posted at 9:59 am May 11, 2012 EDT
Our newest treasury...
Surrounded by butterflies & flowers...Not a bad place to be!
Hope you enjoy. Clicks, comments, and hearts are so appreciated! I will pin an item from all shops that both fave AND comment. =) I appreciate YOU!
Posted at 10:04 pm May 11, 2012 EDT


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Private Charter Flights, Jets, & Aircraft Maintenance
Empty Leg Flights
- Coming Soon
Flightpath puts you in control by providing clients a safe, efficient way to travel. Our personalized travel services look after your every comfort and provide our clients the highest level of luxury possible. Our services aren't just chartered flight services, we also manage aircraft maintenance, and even help you find the right aircraft to buy. Managing your journey is our specialty.Learn more about Flightpath


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Once Upon a Time TV Show Watchlist
Season 2, Episode 20 The Evil Queen
First Aired: April 28, 2013
Regina tries to return to fairy-tale land with Henry, but her plan could destroy Storybrooke. Meanwhile, Emma's doubts about Tamara intensify; and back in fairly-tale land, the Evil Queen wants to transform into a peasant so she can murder Snow White.
Guest Cast
Ethan Embry Greg Mendell
Lee Arenberg Leroy/Grumpy
Sonequa Martin-Green Tamara
Aleks Paunovic Aleks Paunovic Berkley
Michael Teigen Michael Teigen Rivers
Cast & Details See all »
- Rating: TV-PG
- Premise: A woman's destiny unfolds when she arrives in a modern-day town populated by fairy-tale characters. (more)
Trending TonightSee all »
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The American West10:00 pm | AMCI'll Watch105 Watching
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