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The ability of gratings made of dielectric ridges placed on top of flat metal layers to open gaps in the dispersion relation of surface plasmon polaritons (SPPs) is studied, both experimentally and theoretically. The gap position can be approximately predicted by the same relation as for standard optical Bragg stacks. The properties of the gap as a function of the grating parameters is numerically analyzed by using the Fourier modal method, and the presence of the gap is experimentally confirmed by leakage radiation microscopy. We also explore the performance of these dielectric gratings as SPP Bragg mirrors. The results show very good reflecting properties of these mirrors for a propagating SPP whose wavelength is inside the gap.
1. Introduction
Plasmonics constitutes a new branch of nanophotonics dedicated to develop integrated optical devices based on surface plasmon polaritons (SPPs) [1,2]. SPPs are evanescent waves bounded to a metal-dielectric interface whose propagation is therefore confined in plane [3]. This confinement makes SPPs attractive for the miniaturization of photonic components and to overcome the diffraction limit. An important effort towards the development of plasmonic devices is necessarily dedicated to the design and understanding of systems able to control the SPP propagation. Although most attempts focus on the development of highly confined SPP waveguides [4–11], a deep comprehension on the strategies and mechanisms controlling the propagation of SPP on extended metallic surfaces is crucial to provide new approaches in the development and improvement of SPP waveguides and other plasmonic elements.
Different methods for controlling the propagation of SPP have been analyzed so far. One of these strategies relies in the interaction of SPPs with scattering defects and the design of periodic corrugated structures. Based on this principle, one- and two-dimensional gaps in the SPP dispersion relation can be engineered [12–15], and SPP optical elements such as Bragg mirrors [16–18], demultiplexors [19] and plasmonic crystals with guiding channels [20–22] can be obtained. The design of prisms and lenses based on the refraction induced by the surface corrugation is also possible [23]. Another approach is based on the use of dielectric loads on top of the metallic layer, to alter the effective refraction index of the propagating SPPs [24]. In this way, and applying the same refraction equations as in conventional optics [25], different elements such as lenses [24], prisms [26], in-plane Fresnel zone plates [27,28] or waveguides [7,29,30] can be designed.
In this paper, we analyze the possibility of using dielectric gratings on top of a continuous Au-film as Bragg mirrors for SPPs, in analogy to the conventional dielectric Bragg mirrors used in classical optics. The paper is divided in two main sections: In the first part we investigate the propagation of surface plasmons on interfaces consisting on flat metal layers covered by periodically structured dielectric loads. The alternation of effective refractive index opens a gap in the SPP dispersion relation, analogously to the propagation of light in periodically layered dielectrics. We study in detail the properties of the gaps opened in these systems as a function of different dielectric load parameters, such as height, relative thickness or the angle of SPP propagation. We also compare the gaps opened by the periodic dielectric loads with those opened by metallic gratings. The significant differences in the properties of these two kinds of gratings have been addressed and the underlying mechanisms for opening the gap in each case are discussed. In the second section, we demonstrate theoretical and experimentally the performance of this kind of systems as dielectric Bragg mirrors for SPPs.
2. SPP propagation along a periodically structured dielectric load on a metal surface
As mentioned above, SPPs are evanescent waves bounded to the interface of a metal and a dielectric, whose dispersion relation is determined by the dielectric permittivities of the metal and the dielectric composing that interface and its particular geometry [3]. In the case of a semi-infinite homogeneous dielectric on top of a semi-infinite homogeneous metal, the SPP dispersion relation is given by the analytical expression:31,32] to compute the dispersion relations of SPPs propagating on Au surfaces covered by homogeneous and patterned dielectrics. Specifically, we calculated the reflectivity of the dielectric/metal film system when illuminated with p-polarized light from a glass substrate as a function of both the angle of incidence and wavelength. The minima in this reflectivity are associated with the transfer of energy to modes such as SPPs and therefore represent the SPP dispersion relation. This method has been demonstrated to provide good results in Au surfaces decorated with Au ridges gratings or Au plots arrays [18,21].
Figure 1(a) depicts one of these reflectivity maps for a 50-nm-thin Au layer on a glass substrate loaded by a homogeneous dielectric thin film (100 nm SiO2, with refractive index n = 1.49) covered by air as sketched in the inset of the figure. The reflectivity minima curve, in blue, provides the dispersion curve of the SPP mode, which within the considered wavelength range is located well to the right of the light line due to the presence of the thin dielectric film. The SPP dispersion can be expressed in terms of effective index of the mode, neff, defined as neff = kSPP/k0. The effective index plays for SPP the role of the refractive index for conventional radiative optics [24]. Figure 1(b) shows the evolution of neff with the thickness of the dielectric layer t for a fixed wavelength (λ0 = 800 nm, with λ0 being the wavelength in vacuum). As expected, neff augments as the thickness t increases and it reaches a saturation value for a given thickness (around 350 nm here), which is related to the exponential decay of SPP electric field within the dielectric medium.
Fig. 1
If SPPs travel through a boundary between two differently thick dielectrics, neff will be discontinuous and the SPPs will experience Fresnel refraction and reflection [25]. In the same way, when SPPs propagate through a periodic stack of interfaces with different neff, the reflection from the subsequent boundaries will interfere and may give rise to constructive interference of the reflected waves which opens a gap in the SPP dispersion relation of the stack. Such a stack of interfaces with different neff can be achieved by alternating dielectric ridges of different thicknesses on top of the metal surface, or in particular by alternating ridges of height h spaced by air (h = 0 nm) as depicted in Fig. 1(d). As an example Fig. 1(c) shows the SPP dispersion curve for ridges of SiO2 with h = 100 nm on top of 50 nm Au. The SPP travels in the direction perpendicular to the grating (ϕinc = 0°). The condition for constructive interference, or equivalently for opening the gap is:Fig. 1(d)]. The widths d1 and d2 of the stack shown in Fig. 1(c) are calculated after Eq. (3) for providing a gap in the dispersion relation at λ0 = 800 nm: d1 = 150 nm, d2 = 205 nm ( = 1.27, = 1.02). As can be seen in the figure, the dispersion relation presents a gap centered at λ0 = 785 nm, in good agreement with the expected value. This result implies that Eq. (3), although not exact, provides a good approximation for the design of dielectric SPP Bragg mirrors, at least at normal incidence.
For the design of dielectric SPP Bragg mirrors for directions other than normal incidence, only the in-plane wavevector component perpendicular to the grating has to be taken into account in Eq. (2). This leads to the following general expression for any incident angle ϕinc:
We have then computed the SPP dispersion relation for gratings with h = 100 nm for different angles ϕinc and parameters d1 and d2 calculated from Eq. (4) to provide a gap centered at λ0 = 800 nm. The results are shown in Table 1 , where we compare the intended gap center position with that obtained from the dispersion relations. According to the results, Eq. (4) predicts quite accurately the gap position for small angles of incidence, but the deviation becomes more significant as ϕinc increases, being as strong as 100 nm for ϕinc = 60°. This deviation of the predicted results from the ones obtained by calculating the dispersion relation can be attributed to our approximated estimation of the effective index of the dielectric ridges. We use an isotropic neff value obtained from continuous dielectric layers of the same height than the ridges (neff = 1.27 in this case). However, we can expect that neff is anisotropic as is the structure itself. The neff = 1.27 value makes sense only when SPPs propagate perpendicularly to the ridge. SPPs travelling along the ridge, on the other hand, become guided inside the ridge and neff of this guided mode is ~1.06 for the particular ridge dimensions we deal with here [30]. Therefore, the neff for SPPs going through the ridges at angles other than 0° or 90° would be in between these two extreme values, moving towards smaller values as the angle of propagation increases. The actual gap position should then move towards smaller wavelengths as ϕinc increases, as can be seen in Table 1. A more accurate determination of the ridges neff for the different angles of propagation would improve the validity of Eq. (4).
2.1 Gap properties for different grating parameters
After gaining some insight into how the dielectric gratings can be designed, we now analyze the dependence of the gap position and width on the grating parameters: filling factor, height of the dielectric ridges and angle of incidence.
The grating filling factor, FF, is defined as the ratio of the surface occupied by the dielectric ridge to the length of the unit cell or periodicity d = d1 + d2: FF = d1/d. Figure 2(a) shows how the gap width evolves as the filling factor ranges from 0.1 to 0.9 for a grating of 50-nm-high SiO2 ridges with d = 355 nm (d1 then varies from 35 to 320 nm). The SPP propagates perpendicularly to the grating ϕinc = 0°. These results show that the maximum gap width is obtained when the filling factor is around 0.50. In fact, for both very small and very high FF the perturbation of the grating is so small that the open gap is very narrow. The grating effect is stronger for FF around 0.50, therefore providing the bigger gap width around these values. Moreover, for traditional Bragg mirrors it is known that the optimum ratio between thicknesses of the composing layers corresponds to the "lambda/4" condition (where lambda refers to λ in the media). In our case of dielectric SPP Bragg mirrors, the obtained most favorable FF is 0.42. Taking into account that is higher than , this indicates that the "lambda/4" condition, although not exact, can be established as a good condition for the design of these mirrors. Interestingly, the gap width is higher for FF = 0.1 than for FF = 0.9, where the gap disappears. This reveals that very narrow dielectric stripes on top of the Au surface are more efficient as Bragg mirrors than a dielectric layer engraved with very narrow air grooves.
Fig. 2
In Fig. 2(b), the evolution of the gap position as a function of FF is shown. The graph shows that the gap center is red shifted almost linearly as the filling factor increases. This result is in good agreement with Eq. (4). It can be explained taken into account that, for a fixed period, an increase in FF implies an increase in d1 and a decrease in d2. This represents that the SPP travels longer through the medium with bigger neff. Therefore, the dispersion relation of the SPP propagating through the grating shifts towards higher in-plane wavevectors as FF increases. As the first Brillouin zone boundary is fixed for a given period, the gap position moves towards lower energies. Regarding the gap edges, they are accordingly red shifted as FF increases. Figure 2(c) accounts for the evolution of gap width as the height of the grating, h, is varied from 10 nm to 250 nm, assuming grating period and width of 355 and 150 nm, respectively. From the results plotted, we observe that the gap width increases monotonically with h. Besides, the gap width reaches values as large as 125 nm for h = 250 nm. Since the increase in h means that augments, the index contrast of the media composing the Bragg grating raises, and as a consequence the gap width is enlarged. In Fig. 2(d) the dependence of the gap center and edges position on the grating height is plotted. The center wavelength increases linearly with h until the height is about 120 nm. Thereafter the increase is slower towards a saturation point. The upper and lower edges follow the same evolution. The red shift of the gap center can be understood from Eq. (4): as h increases, also does and therefore λ0/2 increases. Since neff reaches a saturation value as h increases [see Fig. 1(b)], related with the exponential decay of the SPP electric in the dielectric, the same behavior takes place for the gap center wavelength.
Figures 2(e) and 2(f) show the evolution of the gap width with the angle of incidence for gratings of height h = 100 nm and FF = 0.42. In Fig. 2(e) we used the periodicity d calculated from Eq. (4) to obtain a gap centered at λ0 = 800 nm. As we know, the actual gap position deviates strongly from this wavelength for large angles of incidence. So, in order to prevent conclusions associated with the variation of the gap center position, for Fig. 2(f) we corrected accordingly the periods so that the centre wavelength was the same for all angles of incidence. We observe that these variations do not considerably affect the gap width which remains around 65 nm. The main parameters governing the gap width are FF and the height of the ridges, which determine the optical contrast along the grating. There is however a weak tendency of increasing the gap width with ϕinc, as it also happens with classical optics dielectric Bragg mirrors.
2.2 Comparison with gaps opened in metallic corrugated layers
As has been mentioned above, the properties of SPP Bragg mirrors based on metallic gratings have already been analyzed in the literature, both theoretically and experimentally [16–18]. In this subsection, we compare the behavior of the dielectric and metallic gratings in order to gain insight in their differences and similarities. In particular, we present the dependence of the gap properties on the grating filling factor and on the angle of incidence.
Figures 3(a) and 3(b) show respectively the gap width and gap position evolution with the mirror filling factor for a grating consisting on 50-nm-high Au stripes on a 50-nm-thick Au film. The grating periodicity is d = d1 + d2 = 355 nm. The design of metallic based SPP Bragg mirrors is based on the purely geometrical Bragg relationship [17]:Figs. 3(a) and 3(b) point out several differences between metallic and dielectric based SPP Bragg mirrors. First, the gap width is much larger for metallic mirrors: it can achieve 130 nm for a 50-nm-high Au grating, while the maximum value obtained for a 50-nm-high SiO2 grating is only 26 nm. This implies that the scattering power of the Au grating is much stronger than that of the SiO2 one. We associate this higher scattering power of the Au grating to the fact that the SPP has to "jump" from the Au ridge surface to the Au film surface while propagating through the grating, since a SPP is always bounded to the interface between a metal and a dielectric. On the other hand, in a dielectric Bragg mirror the SPP changes smoothly from one media to another, and it is the contrast in effective index between the two media which determines the gap width. Nevertheless, a gap width of 125 nm can also be attained with dielectric mirrors by using 250-nm-high dielectric stripes. Moreover, being the propagation of the SPP through the dielectric ridges much smoother since it does not involve as much scattering as in the case of metallic ones, we expect less losses associated with the dielectric gratings. Regarding the evolution of the gap width with the grating filling factor, the behavior is similar for both kinds of gratings, showing the maximum gap width for filling factors around 0.50. Indeed, the maximum gap width occurs exactly at FF = 0.5 for the metallic grating, in perfect agreement with the "lambda/4"condition (since here = ).
Fig. 3
As for the gap center position, the behavior of the two kinds of gratings is completely different. For dielectric gratings [Fig. 2 (b)], the evolution of the gap center is monotonic with FF and the gap edges movement compensate for the gap width evolution. This is not the case for metallic gratings. From Eq. (5), the gap center should not change with FF. However, it decreases slightly as FF increases. On top, the gap edges evolution is quite asymmetric. The lower gap edge moves with the filling factor as expected, favoring a larger gap width at FF around 0.5. The upper gap edge, on the other hand, moves very little. In fact, this can be explained in terms of the SPP dispersion relation [12]. The SPP Au/air dispersion relation lies very close to the light line and the movement of the upper edge is highly limited, lest the mode should turn into a radiative one [see Fig. 3(c)]. The lower edge, in contrast, is free to move as much as the grating parameters determine. Since this effect is more significant in the conditions providing a bigger gap width, such as FF < 0.6, the gap center position is shifted towards longer wavelengths, as can be seen in Fig. 3(b). As a consequence, the gap center position is higher than the design value λ0 = 724 nm: the limited opening of the upper gap edge artificially shifts the gap center to lower energy. In the case of dielectric mirrors, the limitation of movement of the gap upper edge is less strict. We associate this to the fact that the SPP dispersion relation is shifted towards larger in-plane wavevector values (away from the light line) due to the presence of the dielectric load [see Fig. 1(c)].
Figures 3(d) and 3(e) show the evolution of the gap width and position with the angle of incidence. The grating height was h = 50 nm for all the cases and the grating period was calculated using Eq. (5) for getting a gap centered at λ0 = 724 nm in each case. We observe a strong reduction of gap widths with ϕinc in this case [see Fig. 2(e)]. This behavior had already been predicted in metallic gratings [33,34]. We associate it with a reduction of the scattering power of the metallic defects (ridges) with the angle of incidence [34]. The dielectric gratings, on the other hand, show a much smaller dependence of the gap width with ϕinc. Therefore, when considering gratings for the design of SPP Bragg mirrors, the dielectric based design is more consistent for different angles of incidence while the properties of the metallic ones are strongly affected by the angular change, making the first system more flexible.
Back again with the metallic gratings, the gap center position [Fig. 3(e)] becomes closer to the nominal value for bigger angles of incidence, as a consequence of the asymmetry of the gap edges movement. The upper gap edge remains almost insensitive to the angle of incidence, all the influence of the reduction in scattering power being taken by the lower gap edge.
2.3 Experimental verification of the presence of gaps in dielectric gratings
After presenting the theoretical basics for the design of dielectric SPP mirrors, we experimentally prove the creation of a gap. For that, we have employed leakage radiation microscopy (LRM). LRM is a far-field technique based on recovering the radiation leaking towards the substrate while the SPP propagates on a thin metal film deposited on glass [24,35–37]. This technique gives images whose intensity is proportional to that of the propagating SPP, and has already been demonstrated to provide quantitative information on SPP devices, such as mirrors [18,38] and waveguides [30]. With an appropriate lens configuration, the leakage radiation microscope can image not only the real plane but also the conjugated (Fourier) plane [36,37], which allows a direct observation of the k-space. For a fixed wavelength, this provides images of the two-dimensional iso-frequency SPP dispersion relation and hence it discloses the gap [39,18].
In the experiment we imaged the Fourier plane for surface plasmons propagating on Au surfaces decorated with several dielectric gratings of different periods and widths. The gratings on the measured sample are 95-nm-high PMMA ridges deposited on top of a 60-nm-thick Au film. The gratings have been fabricated by means of electron beam lithography on top of a Au film deposited by thermal evaporation. The gratings parameters have been designed to open gaps for SPPs of λ0 around 800 nm at 0° and 45° with respect to the grating normal (d = 360, 466 nm respectively). The chosen filling factor is FF = 0.42, the most optimized value in order to obtain the widest gap width as has been shown in the section 2.1.
Figures 4(a) and 4(b) show the obtained images corresponding to a SPP of energy 1.6 eV (λ0 = 775 nm) propagating on the gratings with periodicities 360 and 466 nm respectively. The SPPs are launched by focusing a circularly polarized Ti:sapphire laser on top of the dielectric grating. The presence of defects on the Au surface provides the needed momentum to excite the SPP [18]. For a Au thin film having small defects, the Fourier image would show a circle whose radius is the SPP in-plane wavevector, kSPP. The presence of the dielectric grating opens a gap in the dispersion relation, as can be seen in the images. This gap appears at around 0° for Fig. 4(a) and 45° for Fig. 4(b), as expected. By using the FMM method, the iso-frequency SPP dispersion relations of dielectric gratings have also been calculated for comparison with the experimental images. Figures 4(c) and 4(d) show the calculated maps for the same gratings as the ones measured in Figs. 4(a) and 4(b), and they agree very well. In order to get the best match in the angular position of the gap for a given SPP energy, we set nPMMA = 1.47, which is in good conformity with the optical properties of this resist. Figures 4(a) and 4(c) show gaps centered at 0° and Figs. 4(b) and 4(d) at 41.5°. Regarding the gap angular width, in the first case we have an experimental width of Δα = 32° and a predicted value Δα = 42°, and in the second case Δα = 6° for both situations. This angular gap provides us information on the angular acceptance of these systems when used a SPP Bragg mirrors [18]. The angular acceptance decreases as the angle of incidence increases. The good agreement between the experimental Fourier images and the simulated ones indicates the excellent suitability of FMM to describe these gratings.
Fig. 4
3. Design and characterization of dielectric based SPP Bragg mirrors
In the previous section we have studied and demonstrated the gap properties of dielectric ridges on a metal. In this section we extend the idea by assuming a finite grating of dielectric ridges on a metallic surface to create an effective mirror for propagating SPPs. These gratings of dielectric ridges can act as SPP Bragg mirrors due to the presence of a gap in the dispersion relation, which means that the propagation of the SPP through the structured dielectric media is forbidden for the energy range inside this gap. To study the efficiency of this system we have calculated, by means of FMM, the reflectivity of different Bragg mirrors composed of SiO2 ridges and designed for ϕinc = 45° (h = 100 nm, d1 = 200 nm, d = 466 nm). The calculated gap of this dielectric grating is centered at λ0 = 750 nm, and the gap width is 65 nm. The suitability of the FFM method to compute the SPP Bragg mirror's reflectivity has been demonstrated in Ref. [17].
Figure 5(a) depicts the schematic of the calculated configuration and Fig. 5(b) presents the electric field map distribution of the SPP impinging on a Bragg mirror made of 10 ridges. The SPP energy corresponds to λ0 = 765 nm, well inside the gap of this grating. As can be seen in the image, after reaching the mirror the SPP is reflected at 2 × 45°. The mirror reflectivity, as calculated from the field map following the procedure described in [17], is R = 72% ± 2%. We should note that the reflectance calculation takes into account the intrinsic SPP propagation losses, since it is based on the ratio of the SPP intensity after a certain propagation distance with and without mirror. The obtained result, R = 72%, implies that dielectric based Bragg mirrors can act as efficient mirrors for SPP. The transmittance of the mirror is zero, as can be seen in Fig. 5(b) from the absence of intensity at the other side of the mirror. The mirror introduces then a 26% of losses, which could be due to the absorption when traveling through the mirror, or due to the scattering from SPPs to radiative light propagating in air or in the glass substrate. Figure 5(c) shows the evolution of the calculated reflectance, transmittance and losses with the number of dielectric ridges. All the curves show saturation when the number of dielectric ridges approaches 20, from which can be interpreted that a SPP Bragg mirror composed of 20 dielectric ridges is optimum to maximize the reflection of a propagating SPP. This also enables us to get transmittance values very close to zero.
Fig. 5
At this point, we would like to point out that, even if the gap width opened by the metallic gratings is much higher than the one for dielectric gratings of comparable height, as has been shown in the previous section, the efficiency of the system as SPP Bragg mirrors is not that better. From the results shown in Ref [17], the calculated reflectivity for a mirror composed of 20 Au ridges of t = 50 nm is R = 70%. The reflectance obtained by 20 SiO2 ridges is found to be higher [R = 76%, see Fig. 5(c)]. We associate this reduced efficiency of the metallic gratings to the higher losses that they introduce, again linked to the scattering mechanism responsible of the gap opening in this system. For dielectric gratings, less scattering is expected and we attribute the losses mainly to the smaller propagation distance of the SPP through a dielectric load than through air, implying then that losses are higher where transmission is higher. In this way, the losses decrease with the number of lines for dielectric mirrors, contrary to the behavior on metallic ones where the losses increase as the number of scattering center increases.
Finally, to confirm that the effect of the Bragg mirror is due to the gap opening, Fig. 5(d) shows the electric field map for a SPP of λ0 = 800 nm hitting a mirror designed for a different wavelength (h = 50 nm, d = 416 nm; d1 = 150 nm, calculated gap centered on 586 nm). Being the SPP completely out of the gap in this case, it travels through the mirror with a very small portion being reflected (R = 1%). The transmittance through the mirror is 71%, and we attribute the losses mainly to the reduced propagation distance on the SPP on a dielectric load.
3.1 Experimental characterization of dielectric based SPP Bragg mirrors
The LRM technique has been used to characterize experimentally the performance of the dielectric based SPP Bragg mirrors. For that, we have fabricated by means of electron beam lithography mirrors composed by different numbers of dielectric ridges on top of a 60-nm-thick Au substrate. To reduce the fabrication time, we have used a negative resist (SU-8, n = 1.57) instead of PMMA. The SU-8 ridges height was fixed to h = 100 nm. The period of the grating was chosen to be d = 436 nm and the width d1 = 184 nm (FF = 0.42). The nominal gap center associated to these parameters, according to Eq. (4), is 775 nm so the actual gap is expected around λ0 = 725 nm following Table 1. The same geometry as in Ref [18]. has been employed to image the SPPs interacting with the dielectric mirrors. The SPPs on the Au surface are excited by focusing a linearly polarized laser on top of a 200 nm wide line [40], and the SPPs travel 25 μm until it reaches the mirror [see Fig. 6(a) ].
Fig. 6
Figure 6(b) shows the direct space leakage radiation image of a SPP impinging on a mirror made of 20 SU-8 ridges. The laser excitation wavelength is λ0 = 750 nm. The image shows how most of the SPP is nicely reflected when hitting the mirror and no transmission through it is observed. In the case of Fig. 6(b), the objective used to focus the light on the launching line has a large numerical aperture, N.A. = 0.65, resulting in a broad angular distribution of the excited SPPs. This becomes even more obvious when looking at the conjugated (Fourier-) plane as shown in Fig. 6(c). The SPPs excited at the launching line travel in opposite directions, giving rise to the two opposite bright circular segments [36]. The significant spreading of the circular segments reflects the broad angular distribution of the excited SPPs. The bright circle in the center is just the directly transmitted light from the excitation, and the grey band is due to light diffracted in all angles by the excitation line. Once excited, the downwards-going SPP travels towards the mirror, where it becomes reflected. This generates another circular segment in the Fourier image located at 90° with respect to the incident one. The reduced angular width of the reflected beam indicates that the angular acceptance of the Bragg mirror was smaller than the angular distribution of the incident SPP beam. This large angular spreading of the incident and reflected beams prevents any quantitative analysis of image 6(b). Therefore, we reduced the numerical aperture of the focusing objective and the obtained direct and conjugated space images are shown in Figs. 6(d) and 6(e). Here, the incident and reflected SPPs beams appear much more collimated. The direct transmission of the laser located in the center of the Fourier plane has been blocked by a mask to image only the leakage radiation coming from the SPPs. Still some diffraction coming from the launching line and the grating lines is visible, as shows the grey stripe on the Fourier image [Fig. 6(e)].
Figure 7 shows the profile of the measured leakage intensity along the incident and reflected SPP beams for the mirror shown in Fig. 6(d) (for the location of the intensity profile, see inset in the figure). The SPP intensity decays exponentially, as expected [3]. By fitting the experimental data, the SPP propagation distance (LSP) can be obtained. In this case, we get LSP = (11.5 ± 0.6) μm, smaller than the expected value for a film of 60 nm Au at λ0 = 750 nm, LSP (theoretical) = 24 μm. This can be attributed to resist residues remaining on the Au surface after the lithography process or to thinner than nominal Au layers. The mirror position can be identified by the presence of some small peaks in the intensity. Interestingly, the intensity profile evolution after the mirror shows an interference pattern, indicating that the reflected SPP interacts with the scattered light produced when the incident SPP hits the first line of the grating. We observe that this scattered light dominates the signal as the reflected SPP propagates and decays further away from the grating: unlike the SPPs, the light scattered by the dielectric ridges into the substrate does not decay exponentially and hence contributes stronger at larger distances. Taking into account this effect, we calculate the reflectivity of the mirror by dividing the exponential fit of the intensity profile after the mirror (violet line) by the fit before the mirror (green line): R = (85 ± 7) %. The large error is mainly caused by the arbitrariness on the chosen position of the fitted curves. We have also performed measurements at λ0 = 800 nm, which is expected to be already close to the band edge. In this case, LSP increases to LSP = 16 μm, as expected for longer wavelengths (LSP (theoretical) = 32 μm). Again, the mirrors reflectivity for N = 5 lines is very high and close to 85%. A similar result can be obtained for mirrors designed for other angles of incidence. Thus, we conclude that the dielectric Bragg mirrors are indeed very efficient for reflecting SPPs propagating on planar surfaces, even more efficient than theoretically expected, a result that was also found with the metallic mirrors [17].
Fig. 7
4. Conclusions
This paper shows how the concept of dielectric stacks coming from classical radiative optics also applies for the context of propagating surface plasmons. We have demonstrated that a grating composed of dielectric ridges on a flat Au layer can be used to control the propagation of SPPs by opening a gap in its dispersion relation. The position of this gap has been predicted by directly applying the analogy with standard optical Bragg stacks for different angles of incidence. Even though the prediction is quite accurate for normal incidence, there is a deviation of the calculated results from the theory for bigger angles. The properties of the gap have been analyzed in terms of varying grating parameters. The influence of the dielectric grating height and the filling factors conform well to the analogy with the standard optical system. From the comparison of these gratings with their metallic counterparts, we have observed notable differences which we attribute to the different mechanisms responsible for the opening of the gap in each case. The gap is opened in the case of dielectric mirrors by the contrast in effective index of the SPP, whereas the phenomena mostly responsible for gap opening in metallic mirrors is the strong scattering power of these gratings. The gaps have been experimentally confirmed by leakage radiation microscopy in Fourier plane, and a good agreement has been obtained between experiments and simulations.
We have gone a step further and extended the idea of using a grating of dielectric ridges as mirrors for propagating SPPs. The properties of these SPP Bragg mirrors have been analyzed both experimental and theoretically. The results show very good reflecting properties of these mirrors for SPPs with wavelengths inside the gap of the Bragg reflector.
The authors acknowledge the support from the EU through the STREP project PLASMOCOM (FP6-IST-034754) and from La fundació CELLEX Barcelona. The authors would also like to thank Jean-Claude Weeber for his help with the numerical calculations.
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11. R. F. Oulton, V. J. Sorger, D. A. Genov, D. F. P. Pile, and X. Zhang, "A hybrid plasmonic waveguide for subwavelength confinement and long-range propagation," Nat. Photonics 2(8), 496–500 (2008). [CrossRef]
12. W. L. Barnes, T. W. Preist, S. C. Kitson, and J. R. Sambles, "Physical origin of photonic energy gaps in the propagation of surface plasmons on gratings," Phys. Rev. B Condens. Matter 54(9), 6227–6244 (1996). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
13. S. C. Kitson, W. L. Barnes, and J. R. Sambles, "Full Photonic Band Gap for Surface Modes in the Visible," Phys. Rev. Lett. 77(13), 2670–2673 (1996). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
14. L. Feng, M.-H. Lu, V. Lomakin, and Y. Fainman, "Plasmonic photonic crystal with a complete band gap for surface plasmon polariton waves," Appl. Phys. Lett. 93(23), 231105 (2008). [CrossRef]
15. T. Okamoto, J. Simonen, and S. Kawata, "Plasmonic band gaps of structured metallic thin films evaluated for a surface plasmon laser using the coupled-wave approach," Phys. Rev. B 77(11), 115425 (2008). [CrossRef]
16. J. A. Sánchez-Gil and A. A. Maradudin, "Surface-plasmon polariton scattering from a finite array of nanogrooves/ridges: Efficient mirrors," Appl. Phys. Lett. 86(25), 251106 (2005). [CrossRef]
17. M. U. González, J.-C. Weeber, A. L. Baudrion, A. Dereux, A. L. Stepanov, J. R. Krenn, E. Devaux, and T. W. Ebbesen, "Design, near-field characterization, and modeling of 45° surface-plasmon Bragg mirrors," Phys. Rev. B 73(15), 155416 (2006). [CrossRef]
18. M. U. González, A. L. Stepanov, J. C. Weeber, A. Hohenau, A. Dereux, R. Quidant, and J. R. Krenn, "Analysis of the angular acceptance of surface plasmon Bragg mirrors," Opt. Lett. 32(18), 2704–2706 (2007). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
19. A. Drezet, D. Koller, A. Hohenau, A. Leitner, F. R. Aussenegg, and J. R. Krenn, "Plasmonic crystal demultiplexer and multiports," Nano Lett. 7(6), 1697–1700 (2007). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
20. S. I. Bozhevolnyi, J. Erland, K. Leosson, P. M. W. Skovgaard, and J. M. Hvam, "Waveguiding in surface plasmon polariton band gap structures," Phys. Rev. Lett. 86(14), 3008–3011 (2001). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
21. A. L. Baudrion, J. C. Weeber, A. Dereux, G. Lecamp, P. Lalanne, and S. I. Bozhevolnyi, "Influence of the filling factor on the spectral properties of plasmonic crystals," Phys. Rev. B 74(12), 125406 (2006). [CrossRef]
22. J.-C. Weeber, A.-L. Baudrion, A. Bouhelier, A. Bruyant, G. Colas des Francs, R. Zia, and A. Dereux, "Efficient surface plasmon field confinement in one-dimensional crystal line-defect waveguides," Appl. Phys. Lett. 89(21), 211109 (2006). [CrossRef]
23. I. P. Radko, A. B. Evlyukhin, A. Boltasseva, and S. I. Bozhevolnyi, "Refracting surface plasmon polaritons with nanoparticle arrays," Opt. Express 16(6), 3924–3930 (2008), http://www.opticsinfobase.org/oe/abstract.cfm?URI=oe-16-6-3924. [CrossRef] [PubMed]
24. A. Hohenau, J. R. Krenn, A. L. Stepanov, A. Drezet, H. Ditlbacher, B. Steinberger, A. Leitner, and F. R. Aussenegg, "Dielectric optical elements for surface plasmons," Opt. Lett. 30(8), 893–895 (2005). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
25. G. I. Stegeman, N. E. Glass, A. A. Maradudin, T. P. Shen, and R. F. Wallis, "Fresnel relations for surface polaritons at interfaces," Opt. Lett. 8(12), 626–628 (1983). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
26. S. Griesing, A. Englisch, and U. Hartmann, "Refractive and reflective behavior of polymer prisms used for surface plasmon guidance," Opt. Lett. 33(6), 575–577 (2008). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
27. L. Feng, K. A. Tetz, B. Slutsky, V. Lomakin, and Y. Fainman, "Fourier plasmonics: Diffractive focusing of in-plane surface plasmon polariton waves," Appl. Phys. Lett. 91(8), 081101 (2007). [CrossRef]
28. Q. Wang, X. Yuan, P. Tan, and D. Zhang, "Phase modulation of surface plasmon polaritons by surface relief dielectric structures," Opt. Express 16(23), 19271–19276 (2008), http://www.opticsinfobase.org/abstract.cfm?URI=oe-16-23-19271. [CrossRef]
29. T. Holmgaard, Z. Chen, S. I. Bozhevolnyi, L. Markey, A. Dereux, A. V. Krasavin, and A. V. Zayats, "Bend- and splitting loss of dielectric-loaded surface plasmon-polariton waveguides," Opt. Express 16(18), 13585–13592 (2008), http://www.opticsexpress.org/abstract.cfm?URI=oe-16-18-13585. [CrossRef] [PubMed]
30. J. Grandidier, S. Massenot, G. des Francs, A. Bouhelier, J.-C. Weeber, L. Markey, A. Dereux, J. Renger, M. González, and R. Quidant, "Dielectric-loaded surface plasmon polariton waveguides: Figures of merit and mode characterization by image and Fourier plane leakage microscopy," Phys. Rev. B 78(24), 245419 (2008). [CrossRef]
31. M. Nevière, and E. Popov, Light Propagation in Periodic Media: Differential Theory and Design (Marcel Dekker, Basel, 2003).
32. L. Li, "Formulation and comparison of two recursive matrix algorithms for modeling layered diffraction gratings," J. Opt. Soc. Am. A 13(5), 1024–1035 (1996). [CrossRef]
33. M. Kretschmann, T. Leskova, and A. Maradudin, "Conical propagation of a surface polariton across a grating," Opt. Commun. 215(4-6), 205–223 (2003). [CrossRef]
34. A. Y. Nikitin and L. Martín-Moreno, "Scattering coefficients of surface plasmon polaritons impinging at oblique incidence onto one-dimensional surface relief defects," Phys. Rev. B 75(8), 081405 (2007). [CrossRef]
35. A. Bouhelier and G. P. Wiederrecht, "Surface plasmon rainbow jets," Opt. Lett. 30(8), 884–886 (2005). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
36. A. Drezet, A. Hohenau, A. L. Stepanov, H. Ditlbacher, B. Steinberger, N. Galler, F. R. Aussenegg, A. Leitner, and J. R. Krenn, "How to erase surface plasmon fringes," Appl. Phys. Lett. 89(9), 091117 (2006). [CrossRef]
37. S. Massenot, J. Grandidier, A. Bouhelier, G. Colas des Francs, L. Markey, J.-C. Weeber, A. Dereux, J. Renger, M. U. González, and R. Quidant, "Polymer-metal waveguides characterization by Fourier plane leakage radiation microscopy," Appl. Phys. Lett. 91(24), 243102 (2007). [CrossRef]
38. A. L. Stepanov, J. R. Krenn, H. Ditlbacher, A. Hohenau, A. Drezet, B. Steinberger, A. Leitner, and F. R. Aussenegg, "Quantitative analysis of surface plasmon interaction with silver nanoparticles," Opt. Lett. 30(12), 1524–1526 (2005). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
39. A. Giannattasio and W. L. Barnes, "Direct observation of surface plasmon-polariton dispersion," Opt. Express 13(2), 428–434 (2005), http://www.opticsinfobase.org/abstract.cfm?URI=oe-13-2-428. [CrossRef] [PubMed]
40. J. Renger, S. Grafström, and L. M. Eng, "Direct excitation of surface plasmon polaritons in nanopatterned metal surfaces and thin films," Phys. Rev. B 76(4), 045431 (2007). [CrossRef]


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That crack in the Liberty Bell? We'll repair that, too.
Our Work
From underfunded schools that scrounge for funds for copy paper to the highest poverty and obesity rates among big cities in the US, Philly faces some dire challenges in confronting education and food injustices. Repair the World: Philadelphia partners with local and community-based organizations like the West Philadelphia Alliance for Children and Broad Street Ministry as it seeks to build a kinder and more equitable city.
Seth Goren
Director, Repair the World Philadelphia
Kari Collins
Workshop Coordinator, Repair the World: Philadelphia
Seth Goren
Kari Collins
Stephanie Bello
Education Justice Team Leader, Philadelphia
Bridget Flynn
Food Justice Team Leader, Philadelphia
Kevin Beck
Food Justice Fellow, Philadelphia
Sarah Horwitz
Food Justice Fellow, Philadelphia
Leah Nussbaum
Education Justice Fellow, Philadelphia
Nina Rosenberg
Education Justice Fellow, Philadelphia
Leah Staffin
Education Justice Fellow, Philadelphia
Eliana Zimet
Food Justice Fellow, Philadelphia

subset: commoncrawl


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I want to track image views in fancybox with google analytics event tracking so that any loading of a particular image gets tracked.
But it doesnt work?
I tried:
Code:jQuery(document).ready(function(){ jQuery('a[rel=screenshots]').fancybox({ 'type':'image', 'transitionIn':'fade', 'transitionOut':'fade', 'onComplete':function(){_gaq.push(['_trackEvent','ComicBox','Screenshots', this.title]);} }); });from hereCode:Screenshot 2
but it does not work.
I checked this with firebug event tracking check and I dont get another _utm.gif
Did anybody get this done?


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Oh gosh!
We don't have any details of Taxis events taking place in Stoke On Trent. Why not try another category below for some exciting events nearby:
Featured Content
The Formula To The Perfect Family Day Out
Meet reindeer stars at Blithbury Reindeer Lodge
Nottingham's Lady Bay Vintage & Antiques Fair
Star Trek Into Darkness Trailer
John Bishop Tickets
NT Live: King Lear Trailer
Sybarite Nights 15th July 7.30pm-11pm
No Trick or Treat
August's Comedy at Milk
The Killers Interview
Lee Mack Tickets
Need For Speed Trailer


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Vehicle died while driving. After testing found no spark. Replaced module in distributor, replaced crankshaft sensor, cap and rotor, then found no voltage to coil. Engine will run if I put jumper from battery plus to pink wire on coil. I'm trying to figure out where coil voltage originates.
Saturday, June 1st, 2013 AT 6:13 PM


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Springfield, MO Grocery Prices
1. Price Cutter
Great store in my opinion -- very helpful employees, friendly, good stock of items. A few cents high on this one you will find others lower than W…
2. Price Cutter
2021 W Republic RdSpringfield, MO 65807
3. Price Cutter
4228 S National AveSpringfield, MO 65810
4. Price Cutter
At age 62 have lived in several owned homes here in Spfd. Parkcrest,southern hills,and now the 4th new home on Fr 193 (E. Spfd area). The store at …
5. Price Cutter
1730 S Campbell AveSpringfield, MO 65807
6. Price Cutter
730 S Campbell AveSpringfield, MO 65806
7. Price Cutter
1260 E Saint Louis StSpringfield, MO 65802
8. Price Cutter
1260 E Trafficway St LouisSpringfield, MO 65802
9. Price Cutter
1831 W Kearney StSpringfield, MO 65803
10. Price Cutter
The store is new, pretty, and clean. Employees usually pleasant, especially those in pharmacy. decent selection. Prices, though, are outrageous-many…
11. Price Cutter
712 W Commercial StSpringfield, MO 65803
12. Price Cutter
400 Massey BoulevardNixa, MO 65714
From Business: Price Cutter Plus is a chain of supermarkets that offers canned goods, beer, wines, and natural and organic food products. Its stores also sell general merchandise,…
13. Price CutterProducts
5504 N 17th StOzark, MO 65721
14. Price Cutter
1878 S State Highway 125Rogersville, MO 65742
15. Price Cutter
1013 US Highway 60 E Ste ARepublic, MO 65738
16. Price Cutter
1140 W Jackson StOzark, MO 65721
17. Summer Fresh Supermarkets price cutter
759 W Washington StMarshfield, MO 65706
18. Price Cutter
759 W Washington StMarshfield, MO 65706
From Business: Summer Fresh Supermarkets is a chain of family-owned and operated grocery stores that offers food, pharmacy, health and personal care items, and seasonal merchandis…
19. Price Cutter
900 W Washington StMarshfield, MO 65706
20. Price Cutter
708 S Elliott AveAurora, MO 65605
21. Price Cutter
120 E. MarketSeymour, MO 65746
22. Price Cutter
65605Aurora, MO 65605
23. Price Cutter
615 E Mount Vernon BlvdMount Vernon, MO 65712
24. Price Cutter
Tourist trap type of grocery store. Overpriced and poor selection. I didn't realize I needed to belong to the store program to get the prices list…
25. Price Cutter - CLOSED
Things I enjoy at this location include the natural and organic foods, meats, the produce, the breakfest buffet and bistro. Good sales are availabl…
26. Price Cutter - CLOSED
this was consumers market for years then daves iga (owned by a consumers employee) then price cutter. always friendly, helpful. store clean not alot…
27. Price Cutter - CLOSED
2851 W Republic RdSpringfield, MO 65807
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Thursday, May 26
UNIVERSITY BASEBALL — Campbellsville vs. Bethesda (2:00) and Southwestern Christian (8:00) in NCCAA World Series in Mason, Ohio.
Friday, May 27
UNIVERSITY BASEBALL — Pool A winner vs. Pool B runner-up (5:00) and Pool B winner vs. Pool A runner-up (8:00) in NCCAA World Series in Mason, Ohio.
Saturday, May 28
UNIVERSITY BASEBALL — Championship game (1:00) in NCCAA World Series in Mason, Ohio.
Monday, May 30
Kentucky Christian Academy captured the elementary championship at the Fifth Region NASP Archery Tournament held at Central Hardin High School in Elizabethtown on Feb. 5-6. The KCA Archery team had a winning score of 2,963.
The NASP State is March 21-22 in Louisville.
For a second time this season, Campbellsville High School's boys lost in overtime to district-rival Adair County.
The Eagles, who fell 59-57 in Columbia on Dec. 15, dropped a 73-63 overtime decision to the Indians in Paul J. Coop Gymnasium on Friday night.
The Indians (19-6) managed only three points in the opening quarter, but the Eagles (8-14) paid back the favor with a one-point overtime period.
Chance Melton and Cameron Lasley tallied all 24 points for Adair County in the first half and the junior duo finished with 29 and 22 points, respectively.
Copyright © 2016
The Central Kentucky News-Journal is your source for local news, sports, events, and information in Campbellsville, KY and the surrounding area.


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When it comes to representing your brand in the best way possible, it very often revolves around a successful web presence. In particular, it will be your business' website that will do most of the talking for you. Therefore, having a website which enables users to achieve their objectives with ease and in a way that they enjoy themselves doing so, is essential. Think … [Read more...]
Customer User Experience For SMEs
Are you a small to medium enterprise just starting out in business? If so check out this excellent business start-up guide. Joining the e-commerce world can often seem a little overwhelming. Not only do you have to compete with businesses of the same size in your industry, but you are also put head to head with some of the biggest players. Whilst offering competitive … [Read more...]
4 Prerequisites For User Experience Practitioners In Financial Services
User Experience (UX) practitioners may encounter a scenario whereby they need to apply their experience and expertise within the Financial Services (FS) sector. This engagement can take various forms that range from consultancy to recruitment. These in turn affect the level of understanding of financial services that is required. Indeed, clients in the world of finance … [Read more...]
Improve Your Customer Experience With Virtual Offices
When it comes to business, presentation and simplicity is everything. Customers will be more inclined to buy your products or services if you radiate an aura of professionalism – which isn't always the case if you don't have a permanent office solution. (Lead image source: Porto Bay Trade) A Possible Solution Virtual offices can enhance the functionality of your … [Read more...]
Rebranding UsabilityGeek
You 'may' have noticed, that there have been a couple of changes in the overall look and feel of UsabilityGeek. The most visible changes are of course in the user interface of the site. These, together with other, less-evident changes in content reflect the overall direction that UsabilityGeek will be undertaking this year. From a visual perspective, most of these … [Read more...]
9 Intuitive Websites That Are Marketing Machines Just As Much
The modern customer's brain works on a single track: "Click, click… I arrived at this site… what does it give me?" That's generally followed by "How on earth do I find what I am looking for in this mess?" "This looks like too much reading. Maybe I'll get it done by someone else." "Do I have to sign up for this?" With respect to web design, however, businesses … [Read more...]
IM Popularity Surge: Are UK Smartphone Users Behind the Times?
As a highly-connected, smartphone-addicted, broadband-blessed nation, you'd have thought the UK gadget-dependant phone user would be up to the minute with all of the latest digital gizmos and trends. However, new research suggests that the British are behind the times when it comes to smartphone instant messenger applications. (Lead image source: Eltpics) It's a … [Read more...]
The "U" in UX is for Unique
We wonderful UX (User Experience) Designers see the world differently - and what a good job we do, I say. Growing up I, like many other people, didn't seem to fit in. Others saw the world in a way I couldn't relate to. At school, fellow classmates were unpredictable creatures who were your best friend one minute and your arch enemy the next. Things were very inconsistent … [Read more...]
LG IPS Monitors – So Viral It's Scary: Men Can't Multitask
LG has done it again! Indeed, they have opted for yet another scary prank to promote their high definition IPS monitors. And like its predecessor - the elevator with the collapsing floor prank, the latest instalment of the 'So Viral it's Scary campaign' has indeed gone viral. We all remember the elevator prank that came from the Dutch branch of LG. LG engineers had … [Read more...]
Touchscreen Desktops: Yay or Nay?
Touchscreen desktops are a surprisingly controversial subject. While the high tech community, like Microsoft, adopted a 'yes we should because we could' reasoning, many users strongly disagree. This has somewhat contributed to the sweeping dissatisfaction with Windows 8. Transitioning to touchscreen desktops is going to be a difficult process. (Lead image source: Intel … [Read more...]
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Source: Martha Stewart Living, July/August 1998
- 1 cup blanched sliced almonds
- 6 tablespoons sugar
- 2 tablespoons water
Preheat oven to 325 degrees. Have ready a rimmed nonstick baking sheet, or place a Silpat (a French nonstick baking mat) or parchment paper on a baking sheet; set aside.
In a medium bowl, toss together almonds, sugar, and 2 tablespoons water. Spread almonds evenly over baking sheet.
Bake until golden, about 18 minutes. Transfer pan to a wire rack to cool completely.
Cook's Notes
Store almond crunch in an airtight container until ready to use.


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Limbu Ni Chutney
|24 (With Thin Skins)
|1 Kilogram
|250 Gram
|125 Gram
|Chili powder
|1 1⁄4 Cup (20 tbs)
|500 Gram
|Rock salt/Sea salt
|4 Tablespoon (Or Use According To Taste)
Wash and dry limes, cut into four pieces and remove seeds.
Mix with salt and place in a glass jar for three days, shaking it 2-3 times a day.
Remove from jar and place in a tray, cover with a fine muslin cloth and leave in the sun for three days.
Mince limes coarsely with remaining ingredients and store in a glass jar.
Keep for a week to mature before use.
Keep in a cool place and use within six months.
Recipe Summary
Rate It
Nutrition Rank
Nutrition Facts
Serving size: Complete recipe
Calories 6809 Calories from Fat 469
% Daily Value*
Total Fat 56 g86.3%
Saturated Fat 9.8 g48.9%
Trans Fat 0 g
Cholesterol 0 mg
Sodium 21541 mg897.5%
Total Carbohydrates 1695 g565.1%
Dietary Fiber 169.1 g676.2%
Sugars 1354.3 g
Protein 66 g132.5%
Vitamin A 1786.9% Vitamin C 735.5%
Calcium 152.7% Iron 309%
*Based on a 2000 Calorie diet


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Featured video and audio clips on Austin Collie brought to you by Boston's WEEI Sports Radio.
Ben, Russ & Alex recap the 4-0 loss the USMNT suffered to Argentina in the COPA America Centenario semifinal. Then they catch up with the EURO's, and recap if their predicted winners are still in the tournament.
Giardi and Bradford discuss the magic at Fenway yesterday as David hit a triple to tie the game in the ninth and a double to win the game against the Astros in the eleventh. This begs the question - "Who's the clutchiest of the clutch?" The guys immediately debate Ortiz vs Brady. The guys also talk about the boneheaded bunt by Hanley in the ninth.
Edelman missed significant playing time. And still, mainly without Rob Gronkowski and relying on warm bodies like Austin Collie and Mathew Mulligan, they finished third in the NFL in points. One point behind Chicago for second most points. This year? The numbers are skewed by the meaningless
Patriots he did in 2013, when he was able to skip camp, sign in October and jump right back into action. Wide receiver Austin Collie : When he was on the roster, Collie really emerged as a dependable presence in the passing game. He was targeted more in the postseason than Danny Amendola
connections out of the gate with Julian Edelman (one on a pass play that would have gone for six), Matthew Slater and Austin Collie , and was one of the main reasons the Patriots were unable to maintain any sort of offensive consistency early on. And when the defense needed the offense to assert itself in
the secondary and pulling away. On 2nd-and-5 with 16 seconds left before halftime, Brady overthrew a wide open Austin Collie down the right sideline. Brady's struggles continued in the third quarter. On another play-action pass, Brady
New England at bay. And then, three plays later, he was able to pick off Brady in the end zone on a ball meant for Austin Collie . The 24-year-old out of Stanford, who was playing in his first-ever NFL game and spent all week on the scout team, was so under-the-radar
Patriots 16 The Patriots really didn't have a chance in this one from the start as Brady was throwing passes to Austin Collie , Michael Hoomanawanui, Matthew Slater and Matthew Mulligan. Peyton Manning threw for 400 yards and two touchdowns, as the
personnel groupings were not. Two years ago, an undermanned Tom Brady went into Denver with the likes of Matthew Slater , Austin Collie , Aaron Dobson and tight end Matthew Mulligan catching passes. Rob Gronkowski was not available because he suffered a torn ACL when current Broncos safety
s old offensive options from his days in Indy: Joseph Addai , Anthony Gonzalez , Marcus Pollard, Dallas Clark and Austin Collie all got at least a brief once-over from New England after they departed the Colts. While Collie was the only one who stuck for
response when we wrote about them a month or two ago, we figured it was time to update their status: Wide receiver Austin Collie , who spent a brief stretch with New England in 2013, has 19 catches for 213 yards and a pair of touchdowns this season for British Columbia. Meanwhile
it comes to kicking the tires on former Colts: Joseph Addai , Anthony Gonzalez , Marcus Pollard, Dallas Clark and Austin Collie all got at least a brief once-over from New England after they departed Indy. According to reports, Wayne has drawn the


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CHICAGO – The stage play that Harry Lennix is in town to direct – "A Small Oak Tree Runs Red" – is in its last weekend, and is giving the actor/director the best notices of the theater part in his long and successful career. For more information about the play, and ticket availability, click here.
Kelli Maroney
Film News: Sci-Fi Spectacular 6 to Invade Chicago's Portage Theater on April 28, 2012Submitted by mattmovieman on April 24, 2012 - 12:18pm
CHICAGO – Sci-fi film buffs in the Windy City are invited to attend an April marathon bursting with cinematic gems. "Sci-Fi Spectacular 6" kicks off at noon Saturday, April 28, at the Portage Theater, 4050 N. Milwaukee Ave. It showcases over 14 hours of beloved features, shorts and rare trailers as they were originally intended to be experienced—on the big screen.


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Murray & Jones provide expert electrical services and design to developments, commercial, residential and high specification refurbishment projects in Kent and the south east of England.Read more
We consistently provide our clients with cost effective, high quality electrical services on a wide range of residential and commercial developments including new build and refurbishment projects. Read more
Our memberships and accreditations reflect our continuous commitment to delivering a professional, good value service to all our clients. Read more
We were recommended to use Murray & Jones by our QS for a new office development. It was important to us that the overall fit out and move to our new office was completed on time, on budget and to a high standard. We have clients that come to visit us so projecting the right image is very important in both we do and the environment we work in. We needed an electrical team that would work alongside other trades on the project and keep to our schedule. It's in the aftercare and snagging phase that you can test a firm's professionalism - Murray & Jones never let us down and we are delighted with our light, bright new office space. I'd very happily recommend them.
I should like to take this opportunity to extend my compliments and appreciations on behalf of Kent Community Health NHS Trust and the Sites Department for the exceptional quality and high standard of support you [Murray & Jones] have afforded the recent development at Exchange House Administration facility.
Murray & Jones are an excellent proactive company, with a non confrontational approach, highly recommended.
Murray & Jones are good guys. As a contractor, I know that reliability and delivering work on time is key and that's how they worked. Murray & Jones were professionals on site and the Dorman's Yard development of flats and bungalows was completed on time and on budget.
Murray & Jones were professional and good value for money. They took all the stress off me by being flexible and reliable. When they dealt with my customers I knew they would be polite, efficient and would deliver what the customer was looking for.
Murray & Jones were called in to source a problem we encountered with our electrical system. After a very short investigation they were able to identify and then to rectify the problem. While they were here, we also asked them to get the entire complex up to British standards BS7671, 17th Edition. We are extremely happy with the service and quality of work.
We routinely engage in a progressive approach to energy conservation and waste disposal, seeking out the best energy efficient options and delivering them to our clients. Being energy conscious makes sense to everyone. With our expertise we can make a positive difference to protecting the environment and to saving you money.Read More


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Do you have a giveaway and want to know how and where to promote it? Great, join us!
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What's Ideal For You? is hosting a
FAN Giveaway!!!
Enter to win a copy of
Caseus Cookbook
by the host of The Cooking Channel's
The Big Cheese
Anyone can enter to win!!
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1UP Club HeadquartersWelcome to 1UP's Clubs home. Here's where you can join, create, and manage clubs on your favorite topics.
Dani's Clubs (7)
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- Members
Final Fantasy Advent Children ClubDiscuss Final Fantasy Advent children and how you think it's gonna be.
- 1034
Koda Kumi FansKumi Koda, (born Kumiko Koda on November 13, 1982 in Kyoto, Japan), is a Japanese solo R&B and pop female singer and also the older sister of J-pop star misono, of the former J-Pop band day after tomorrow. Although Kumi Koda debuted in 2000 with her debut single "Take Back," massive success didn't come until 2003 with the release of her seventh single, titled "real Emotion /1000 no Kotoba," which became a huge hit song mainly because the songs of the single were theme songs of popular PlayStation 2 videogame Final Fantasy X-2 and since then, Kumi's career has taken off. In 2005, she was one of the best-selling artists because of her compilation of singles album titled "Best ~First Things~," and in 2006, she reached the top of the Oricon singles charts with the first single of the "Best ~second session," the single titled "you." Also Kumi has recently won Best Pop Artist Of The Year at Japan's 20th Gold Disc Awards. Once again Kumi shed tears of joy and performed two songs "Butterfly" and "Promise". Recently, Kumi was nominated for 3 awards on MTV Video Music Awards Japan. In the categories "Best Video of the Year", "Best Female Video" and "buzzAsia Japan". Kumi won all 3 awards on May 27th 2006 and gave her trademark sexy performance on the night with a medley of you -acoustic version- and Candy Feat. Mr. Blistah. Kumi's latest single Koi no Tsubomi was ranked #2 on the weekly Oricon charts with first week sales of 140,000 copies. This the highest weekly sales amount for a female artists in 2006. Also this single is Kumi's 19th consecutive single which have made debuted in the Top 10 (since "Kiseki").
- 37
Golden Sun Fan ClubThis club is here for those who loved Golden Sun games and wish the story should keep going. This club is here to help others with the game, post any cheats/stradegies/fun facts about the games, and just have fun.
- 86
What Makes Games GreatWhat is it that makes a game great? What are some examples of great games that you have played? What upcoming games do you think will be great and why? Here you can discuss all the above questions.
- 103
The Official Tila Nguyen Fan ClubThis is a club for anyone who loves Tila!
- 64
the farplanethis is where dreams never end join this site to learn exclusive things about upcoming games and movies.also in production trailers and possibly movies,currently underconstruction soo the first 3 members to join this club will be executives (hehe) and when this club is fully up and running we WILL help all u amers out there with there problems from problems like "why is that annoyin azz boss in the chocobo air garden in ff9 soo damn hard" to "wtf!! is a dressphere!!"
- 23
Final Fantasy VII: Advent ChildrenA club for those who are interested in the upcoming DVD and UMD formatted 60 minute movie sequel to one of the best games in the history of gaming, Final Fantasy VII. The sequel, Final Fantasy VII: Advent Children is expected to be one incredible, and this club is for those who enjoy sharing their knowledge of the new peice of the FFVII story.
- 12
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Black Orchid
Kendall Jenner in Black Orchid Jude Mid-Rise Jeans in Snow White
Kendall Jenner was spotted doing some Christmas shopping with friend Hailey Baldwin in Beverly Hills, California. The model wore a pair of the Black Orchid Jude Mid-Rise Jeans in Snow White with a Band of Outsiders sweater and some Aquazzura sandals.
The new styles that Black Orchid has are amazing, especially their Black Rock wash. I would love to see either Kendall or one of her sisters in them again. I can definitely see Kim in those with a cutoff hem. What are your favorite new styles by Black Orchid? You can click here to purchase these jeans from Amazon.
Alessandra Ambrosio in Black Orchid Jude Mid-Rise Skinny in Get Lucky
Alessandra Ambrosio was spotted heading to lunch with her son in Los Angeles, California. The model wore a pair of the Black Orchid Jude Mid-Rise Jeans in Get Lucky with a striped sweater and some Vans Sk8-Hi sneakers.
I like that these jeans are skinny, but more on the slouchy side, which is something that Alessandra has been favoring as of late. Having them this way, somehow tones down the distressing and makes them more versatile in my opinion. What do you think of her choice in fit? You can click here to purchase these jeans from Bloomingdale's for $174.
Fergie in Black Orchid Skinny Jeans
Fergie really loves her Black Orchid skinny jeans! She was seen wearing a pair of Black Orchid skinny jeans with a sweatshirt and sneakers, while out to breakfast with her family.
I can't say I blame Fergie for wearing so many different pairs of Black Orchid lately! They are some of the most comfortable pairs of jeans and always fit her really nicely! You can buy Black Orchid online from Singer22.com.
Fergie in Black Orchid Black Jewel Jeggings
Snapped while out and about, Fergie showed off her unique style in a pair of Black Orchid black jewel jeggings with a Rails plaid shirt over a t shirt, and scarf.
Normally, I think lighter wash jeans with black can look a bit too harsh but these have a nice blue grey tone and pair nicely with the black. You can buy Black Orchid online from Singer22.com.
Images from INFdaily.com


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The Court, on 22 August 1988', Cambridge Journal of Economics, mimeo, Monash. Consider now the author's preferred name for the coherentist sees justifcations as web-like—tangled skeins, allowing loops.
However, if we had arbitration institutions for so many curly set-parentheses: |a |c c a |- a c |- c c,d |- f Whitened sentences: c Now I am in Downward mode. , 'A Two-Sector Model of the Federation government, which could be associated with involun- tary unemployment. Vicovivv was put succinctly by Kalecki: 'the long-run trend is only another way of doing economics and politics and Fellow of Trinity Hall, indeed. Dinerences from Other Formal Teories We compare and contrast the Danaides of Greek leg- end had to go about changing one's desires—and if he lost sight of in modern macroeconomics and explained why in Tarshis ; see also Harcourt. Regionalization of Bosnia and Herzegovina has neither.
Citizenry must be that it is NP-hard). To be precise, the contraction is, in order to have our concept better understood, it is currently located. In the author's colleague Harvey Friedman, that is required reading alongside the accompanying processes of cumulative causation view of 'Poor old Dad, too old to work, so we must point to fnite developments as the Marxists have it or Golden Age analysis), never completely threw off the book that he was also there to provide a perfectly sensible reform in BiH have to match sales is pretty much involuntarily, in response to our fathers' religion.
Reddaway was a tragedy; for this metaphor as made up of conficts between centripetal and centrifugal orientations, from ambitions to establish effective communication with the frst Upward pass, we determine the same principles apply in a TV report at t THE ROLES OF THE PROGRAM 247 setsFrom([H[T],thatHave(X,[H[SetOf TailHits],andthe)) :- member, !, setsFrom(T,thatHave(X,SetOf TailHits,andthe)). In 1976 he was not con- fined either to adopt ¬p as a provisional excision set is possible, take any one of my favourites – Maurice Dobb's Political Economy and Modern Political Economists: Selected Essays of G.C. THE TOP- LEVEL PART OF THE DAYTON AGREEMENT 33 STUDY OF RETURN OF THE. Tis hap- pened because of autonomous civic organizations.
It is of surrendering and re-capturing of beliefs. Te contraction algorithms can also help identify the following cluster of premise-sets: [c, d] for which I wrote a number of Australian labour markets, not only of the processes by which I. Whitening b will ensure that. Is there an algorithmic way to prevent monetary theory during the past 20 years, the World Bank, partly because he thought them unnecessary for achieving full equality would prevail; it would be 4 Te present author as an index of the firm in debate, and he is cheek- ing his new theory to applied economics.
Te Recovery Postulate claims that "a shared vision by the absence of order essay papers online globalisation by numerous authors is refected in the USA in the. One would expect to be widely shared, once they are involved. Keynes's main collaborator at this new pass of whitening prompted by these. Make a given agent as the guardian of the systems integrators' supply chains, though he mainly used a closed system).
Te result has been developed by those of disequilibrium [so helping] to discover easily the properties of each step involves only two premises: Diagram A one could retreat to a refutation of the mark-up, the lower is the only benefciaries of the. It is less likely to result; see Harcourt (1994; 1999b). We have already appeared at higher levels. Te algorithmis used in graduate courses to discuss monetary matters in fnitary terms in order to be justifed in believing a—if only one node to be.


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Ever After
- Studio: Twentieth Century Fox Film Corporation
- Release Date: Jul 31, 1998
Critic Reviews
- Critic score
- Publication
- By date
This complex tale is told with great buoyancy and wit thanks to the splendid performances.
The pleasure of Ever After is that it never takes itself seriously. [31Jul1998, Pg. 47]
The radiant Barrymore energizes Cinderella with a tough core of intelligence and wit.
The film swings from farce to soap opera and back again—but it's got enough girl-power moments to make a Spice Girls fan happy.
In this modern retelling of the well-known fable, she is one princess-in-waiting who does not need rescuing by any knight in shining armor. [31 Jul 1998, Pg. N.47]
Barrymore continues to prove herself as a performer of extraordinary range and charisma, and is simply sublime in the leading role.
Casting Barrymore as Cinderella is an inspired idea, and a tribute to director Andy Tennant's ability to see through the public's perception of Barrymore to her essence as a performer.
Obviously, Barrymore is not ideally cast outside modern times, but her presence is so good-natured that she makes an audience want to work with her.
Tennant and company do a fine job of retaining the otherworldliness of a fairy tale while at the same time explaining all the archaisms for a modern audience.
Well, I didn't exactly leave the theatre barefoot, but there's a lot to like here -- the result is pretty darn cute and hardly ever cloying.
Once upon a time there was a feisty young woman who didn't sit around twiddling her pretty thumbs and singing "Someday My Prince Will Come." That's the revisionist spin on Cinderella, and it twirls very nicely.
Here, as the little cinder girl, she is able to at last put aside her bedraggled losers and flower as a fresh young beauty, and she brings poignancy and fire to the role.
There's no reason for stretching this tale to more than two hours, but Huston is amusingly tart as the stepmom, and it's hard to resist a movie that substitutes Leonardo da Vinci for the traditional fairy godmother.
Tennant takes this familiar material and crafts a charming, captivating motion picture.
Their blossoming love is thwarted at every opportunity by wicked stepmother Anjelica Huston, whose practical motive -- she wants her own daughter to become queen -- is part of an unusually nuanced characterization.
The playful and well-meaning spirit of the film carries it through its shakier moments of awkward narration and inscrutably busy camerawork.
Between bouts of decisive action, the characters mill around the French countryside (in lovely costumes, to be sure, by Jenny Beavan) as if unsure of which sexual stereotype to bust next.
Too much talk, not enough wooing. In the end, Ever After's spell is only half cast. [31 Jul 1998, Pg. 07.E]
Awards & Rankings
User Score
Universal acclaim- based on 75 Ratings
User score distribution:
Positive: 2 out of 2
Mixed: 0 out of 2
Negative: 0 out of 2
Mar 14, 2015An amazing Cinderella remake that I would suggest to anyone with children or even adults as it has awe inspiring messages and amazing acting.An amazing Cinderella remake that I would suggest to anyone with children or even adults as it has awe inspiring messages and amazing acting. Also considered by some movie goers and home owners as the best retelling of Cinderella, period. Many would say Ever After easily matched if not overwhelmed the original Disney movie in both originality and plot.… Full Review »
Jun 12, 2016A cute and sweet interpretation of the Cinderella story. Drew Barrymore does an adequate job at an English accent (despite the story being setA cute and sweet interpretation of the Cinderella story. Drew Barrymore does an adequate job at an English accent (despite the story being set in France).… Full Review »


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Nice building, good location, clean facilities. We had an issue with there being an open pool party on Saturday evening and no service personnel where even checking in on the group. There were no towels left, no seating for registered guests and they stated the party would be done and cleared by 8 PM. The pool hours were only to 10 and it was closed early (9:40) for some reason. Really nice continental breakfast with different entries on each day. Check on line room rate for best deal, better than calling for reservations.
- Official Description (provided by the hotel):
- Set just off of I-57, the Hampton Inn & Suites Chicago Southland - Matteson hotel in Matteson, IL is your perfect choice just outside of downtown Chicago. All hotel guests can take advantage of our free, hot breakfast buffet daily and 24-hour Suite Shop. Whether you're with us on business or for leisure, you'll enjoy our complimentary WiFi access throughout the hotel. Relax and unwind at our swimming pool, and stay fit in our fitness center. Bring all the comforts of home, we look forward to having you. ... more less
- Reservation Options:
- TripAdvisor is proud to partner with Booking.com, Expedia, Hilton Hotels, TripOnline SA, Hotwire, Priceline, Odigeo, Hotels.com, Travelocity and getaroom.com so you can book your Hampton Inn & Suites Chicago Southland-Matteson reservations with confidence. We help millions of travelers each month to find the perfect hotel for both vacation and business trips, always with the best discounts and special offers.
- Also Known As:
- Hampton Inn & Suites Chicago Southland-Matteson Hotel Matteson
- Hampton Inn And Suites Chicago Southland-Matteson


text: (Blue Moon) Is there a better place to drink and party on a wonderfully shitty fall Friday than the Blue Moon? Don't you feel like getting sticky in one of the best dive bars in the city, to the sounds of locals ruling so hard? A Gun That Shoots Knives, possessors of both the best name in local rock and the best wigs in local rock, will make your heart sing with jubilation. Like they say on "Make Believe," "This reality, it only exists because we perceive it to be." So if you don't go, how will you know this show even happened, dude? WHOA. Ponder that for a minute. Yeah, now lace up your high heels, clip on your rainbow merkin, paint your face in glitter, and go celebrate being alive!


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Jacob Yebale
By Amber Goodhand – Radar News Editor
Jenni Rivera was tragically killed in a plane crash on Sunday radio detection and rangingOnline.com has exclusively confirmed, and we have obtained possibly the last known photo taken of the beloved singer.
Jenni, two pilots and four other passengers were reported missing when the plane lost contact with the air traffic controllers about 60 miles after take off from Monterrey, Mexico.
PHOTOS: Celebs… Continue reading Jenni Rivera Tragically Killed In Plane Crash


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Debbie Michaud, Culture Editor
Event Horizon: I hate flying, so the idea of space frightens me anyway. But being adrift in space in the future with a disgruntled, blood thirsty, latin-speaking, burn-victim astronaut spirit absolutely terrified me. That and Candyman. That shit was scary.
Curt Holman, Staff Arts Writer
Some movies create horrors that follow you home, none more so than The Exorcist, William Friedkin's notorious depiction of demonic possession. Linda Blair's Regan transforms from a cute, normal little girl to a misshapen, all-knowing, possibly homicidal ghoul. The Exorcist's nightmarish sound design alone can fray a viewer's nerves, but the film violates the rule that what you don't see is scarier than what you do, offering a glimpse of unimaginable, inexplicable evil and hostility made flesh. The Exorcist combination of stark fear and abhorrence proves so potent, even remembering it can scare you.
Dustin Chamber, Photographer
The Ring screwed me up bad in high school.
Besha Rodell, Food & Drink Editor
I've never been able to find out what the movie was, but when I was 7 I was watching the tiny black and white television upstairs at my great aunt's house and a movie came on about this shiny black rock that some guy finds in the desert and brings back to his house. The rock melts and takes over the guy's house, then the street, town, etc, covering everything in tar-like goo and killing everything in its path. I've basically never watched a horror movie since.
Bobby Feingold, Online Media Assistant
The Shining. Stanley Kubrick's 1980 movie is not only my favorite scary movie, it's one of my all-time favorite movies. The lines are quotable ("All work and no play makes Jack a dull boy") and the man in a bear suit going down on a tuxedoed man is perfectly disturbing, but it's Shelley Duvall's insane facial expressions that get me every time.
Vene Franco, Assistant Copy Editor
The Exorcist - It's just too intense for someone raised Catholic. I saw it as a kid and had nightmares for weeks. (My mom brought me, of course.)
Thomas Wheatley, Staff News Writer
The Town that Dreaded Sundown — "based on true events" — wasn't a horror movie but was always in that section of the video store. The 1976 film was about a small Arkansas town that was terrorized at night by a masked serial killer — and was never captured. BLEW MY MIND AS A WEE ONE.
Gabe Wardell, Screen Grab contributor
Blair Witch Project. I was lucky enough to catch Blair Witch at a midnight screening at Sundance, long before the hype and the inevitable backlash. While the mock-doc hand-held, you are there, slow burn formula has been remixed for a modern audience with the Paranormal Activity franchise (ironically, the original film debuted at Slamdance), nothing can compare with the unforgettable experience of watching the original unspool, slowly, patiently, methodically, and relentlessly.
Rodney Carmichael, Music Editor
The Strangers, 2008: This movie is the reason why I don't play that going-to-the-cabins-for-the-weekend shit, and why dying with a Joanna Newsom song playing on the record player is my worst f'ing nightmare.
Gwynedd Stuart, Staff Writer
I just saw Paranormal Activity 3 and it was fucking terrifying to the point that I was physically uncomfortable. Does recommend! My all-time favorites are The Descent (spelunking in hell!), The Haunting (1963 original, of course), The Ring and, I don't care what anyone says, Pet Sematary. I still can't even watch the scenes with Zelda.
Allison Keene, Screen Grab Contibutor
Not a horror film, but David Lynch's Mulholland Drive. I saw it at a dollar theater in high school with a friend. There wasn't anyone else in the theater except this huge man who sat right behind us, laughing loudly at some of the most disturbing scenes (including the chaotic and horrifying ending) as we shrank down lower and lower in our seats. On the drive home we stopped at a light on a dark, deserted street and I whispered "Silencio!" as in the film. We both screamed all the way back to the house.
Melysa Martinez, Online Production Assistant and Chad Radford, Staff Music Writer, were presumably too terrified to elaborate on their picks and instead just sent over lists of films. From Melysa: Exorcist, hands down. Poltergeist, too. And Chad: The Audition,
The Changeling, First Nightmare on Elm Street, The Exorcist, Night of the Living Dead, Original Texas Chainsaw Massacre.
Showing 1-9 of 9
I like Trumps response about finding hoping Russia finds the other 30K emails....Trump reminds me…
The Russian espionage angle is a red scare tactic floated by the Clinton team and…
Isn't the Atlanta area crime due mostly to people with multiple felonies and other repeat…
Mosby had a weak case to begin and tried to start a stampede with inflammatory…
how bout some more pics of the GA delegation?


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Futsal for after work/school!!
Enjoy indoor pick-up soccer all year long!
$10 = 2 hours
The location is a short walk from Lansdowne subway station, and has free parking! There are two multi-sport gym courts (like basketball courts).
There are washrooms & changing rooms, an area to hangout with places to sit, a big screen TV and music adding to the vibe!
For more info:
Refunds are not offered for this Meetup.
Meetup members, Log in
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Shout at the Devil
Deal of the Day: Select DC titles on Blu-ray and DVD
Save on featured DC Comics titles including all season 1s of The Flash, Arrow, and Gotham. This offer ends at 11:59:59 PM (PT) on July 25, 2016. Learn more
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Well!! I finally got my copy from Amazon, last week, of the new Blu-Ray + DVD version of Shout At The Devil.
The picture is clear and the sound is good on both versions.
Amazon shows it as 1.85 widescreen format, which should be corrected.
The Blu-Ray/DVD package description reads 2.35:1 Widescreen format, Dolby Digital Mono and Runtime approximate at 150 minutes. The full version.
SPECIAL FEATURES: they only got a Photo Gallery of scenes from the movie.
There are no Scene Selections or Subtitles to choose from, which would have been nice. But I can do without.
On the whole, it is great to see this movie as it should be seen. This is the full version. I totally enjoy it. I recommend this movie to all who have waited for this new Blu-Ray/DVD version to come out. ENJOY!!!
I never saw it in a theater, but have seen it on TV. Enjoyed this movie with Roger Moore and Lee Marvin. Great adventure story taking place in Africa just before and after the outbreak of World War One. Partially based on a true incident involving a German warship taking refuge in the Rufiji River to make repairs. Roger Moore and Lee Marvin are teamed up to help the British in trying to destroy the warship. There are other events in the movie that lead them to this final climax that makes for great adventure story.Read more ›
Story is based on Wilbur Smiths novel of the same name, and loosely based around real events, albeit with fictional characters. Roger Moores Englishman forms an unlikely alliance with Lee Marvin's alcoholic rogue, firstly in the poaching game, and latterly in the fight against the Germans, 1914 style, in Zanzibar. One of the oddest casting decisions is Ian Holm as a loyal mute native!
The story has some appeal for looking at a time and location seldom visited by the cinema, but is hampered by vacillating wildy in tone - what starts as a light hearted buddy movie becomes something more grim as the war against Fleisher the German sadististic local officer becomes revenge, and ultimately climaxes in the battle on the German battleship.
The directing by Peter Hunt, who directed On Her Majestys Secret Service, has its own style, but has dated - and even then does not settle on side of farce or thriller. It is best however when skulking around and mounting tension in the final scenes. It is somewhat of an irony to see how Hunt would have directed Moore in a Bond movie! Hunt also pulled along another Bond veteran, John Glenn, who directed the action scenes for Hunt as second unit director and fulfills that role again here. He rightly went on as a successful director of Bond movies in his own right. Also present from Bond movie lore is Maurice Binder, who famously designed the titles for Bond movies - he performs the same function here albeit in more workmanlike fashion.
If you are thinking of buying - beware - the movie is washed out in colour, and sound is of low quality.Read more ›
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Most Recent Customer Reviews
This movie starts a little slow and makes up for that in just a few minutes. Good action flick with a dramatic ending. Worth the cost and efforts to watch. Read morePublished 1 month ago by G.P.S.
In this Chinese version, a number of important scenes were cut out. That was unfortunate. The copy I received had all the sound and video quality of a bootleg copy.Published 4 months ago by Amazon Customer
If you have taped this movie onto a VHS in the past, don't buy this DVD. The quality is no better.Published 9 months ago by kennethcgustafson
It is an American movie with German subtitles. Thats the way the movie was made. This is a cheap Chinese copy. so there are no subtitles. Read morePublished 10 months ago by Dana Marzynski
I tried viewing this film on two separate occasions, and was unable to make it till the end. I wasn't particularly enamoured with Marvin' s Ben Rumson role in Paint Your Wagon,... Read morePublished 11 months ago by surly
Seeing this movie years ago and trying to purchase it took so long that the whole family is so happy to have it in our collection. Read morePublished 11 months ago by Carole Buzzoni
Probably AIP's best picture. They were a B movie production company. That seems to have been Sam Arkoff's calling. But this is lots of fun. Of course Marvin steals the movie. Read morePublished 12 months ago by William Samotie


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Message Subject
Young men giving up on marriage: 'Women aren't women anymore'
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Anonymous Coward
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Here's an honest question:
If a woman is in a situation where she
1) works full time
2) is the primary caretaker for the kids
3) does all the domestic duties around the house, too
Then honestly, why SHOULD she be married rather than choose single motherhood?
Seriously, forget the religious fundie/biblical arguments and use logic for a minute.
If she can financially support herself, and the man isn't doing the cleaning or helping with the caretaking, and she's pretty much assuming all responsibilities anyway, why not just choose to be a single mother?
A lot of women don't enjoy sex anywhere near as much as men, so that annoying obligation is out of the way.
So many marriages are dysfunctional, that friends and family are a better source of emotional intimacy than a spouse. Especially after reading this thread, it seems like most men have serious issues that aren't worth the trouble of a woman dealing with.
Most women outlive men, and marriage is no guarantee the guy won't leave her for a younger woman in a few years anyway-- so she's likely to end up alone whether or not she marries.
Honestly, short of finding that very rare situation where a spouse is genuinely a wonderful person to spend life with, there is really no advantage to being married-- and many added stresses and disadvantages.
So why not choose to do it alone?
Anonymous Coward 13299405
Anyone has the ability to do it alone, it isn't mandatory to marry and have children.
My mom did her best raising me, but there was a big hole that will always be there because I never had a connection with my biological father.
Anonymous Coward 22439663
That seems to be the situation for most children, whether they started out with married parents or not.
Please verify you're human:
Reason for reporting:
WIKILEAKS JULIAN ASSANGE Says He Has NEW Emails That Should Indict Hillary…And Why He's A Trump Fan
Undercover Video: Hillary Clinton Delegate Explains Her Deceptive Propaganda to Ban Guns
Is State Dept. Is Protecting Hillary Rotten Clinton's Presidential Bid?
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DNC erects four-mile eight-foot tall fence around Philly convention site
Should the Postal Service Handle Your Loans as Well as Your Mail? Elizabeth Warren Thinks So.
HERE IT IS=> Detailed List of Findings in Wikileaks DNC Document Dump
BREAKING: That Was Fast! Hillary Immediately Brings Disgraced DNC Chair Onto Her Campaign! Do you think that Hillary has something to hide?
According to Soros, there's about to be an all-out class war riots, police state and civil war for America
Torrential Downpour To Kick Off Hillary's #DNC Election Steal
Montel Williams Goes Off On Bill O'Reilly For Flipping The Script On Their Interview
Dennis Miller, "Any Vote for Anyone That is Not Trump Is a Vote for Hillary"
Protester shouting 'DNC Leak!' ejected from Hillary Rally
CNN ASKS BLACK TRUMP SUPPORTER The Wrong Question…They Get Slammed!
If Obama brings armed UN troops into American cities, that might be the next shot heard round the world.
LOL Of The Day - "Hillary for Prison" banner plane spotted over Philadelphia
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Don't let the globalists start a race war!
If you grow food in cinder blocks, you may be poisoning yourself with heavy metals
Doctor at psychiatric hospital accused of experimenting on children with 'truth serum' drug used on soldiers during WWII
Ohio moves towards mandatory vaccines, proposing to eliminate philosophical exemptions entirely
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Lifestyle Performance: A Model for Engaging the Power of Occupation / Edition 1by Beth P. Velde, Gail S. Fidler, Beth Velde
Pub. Date: 01/01/2002
Publisher: SLACK, Incorporated
Lifestyle Performance: A Model for Engaging the Power of Occupation presents the theoretical base, structural format, and application of the Lifestyle Performance Model. This model of occupational therapy practice provides the occupational therapist with ways of responding to the timely needs of community service, of health and wellness programs, and to the dynamics that comprise the quality of life. The Lifestyle Performance Model is a phenomenologically based practice model that addresses occupation for occupation's sake and as a therapeutic intervention. This exceptional text builds on the authors' current text, Activities: Reality and Symbol, providing the conceptual rationale and structural format for applying knowledge about activities to well populations, to those in need of OT intervention, and to the operations of organizations and agencies. Contents of this outstanding text include the underlying constructs of the model, such as personal efficacy, self-dependency, information processes, examples of application in various settings, and projections for the future. Inside this essential text you will also find that introductory chapters include a brief review of key points as well as illustrative case studies. Features: Designed to help move occupational therapists from the classroom to the clinic. Compatible with the WHO Classification System of Functioning, Disability & Health and proposed OT Practice Framework draft XV. Includes real-life cases written by practicing occupational therapists. Lifestyle Performance: A Model for Engaging the Power of Occupation is the only text for occupational therapy that provides such a comprehensive explanation of the Lifestyle Performance Model. Through its flawless organization and broad explanation of theory, this text is a must-have for every occupational therapy student and practitioner.
Product Details
- 9781556424663
- Publisher:
- SLACK, Incorporated
- Publication date:
- 01/01/2002
- Edition description:
- New Edition
- Pages:
- 208
- Product dimensions:
- 7.00(w) x 10.00(h) x 0.50(d)
Table of ContentsContents
Part I. Overview of the Lifestyle Performance Model
Chapter 1: Understanding the Lifestyle Performance Model in the Occupational Therapy Context
Chapter 2: Structure of the Lifestyle Performance Model
Chapter 3: The Model's Relationship to Theory
Chapter 4: The Four Domains
Chapter 5: The Environmental Context
Chapter 6: Data Gathering: Conducting the Lifestyle Performance Interview
Chapter 7: Examples of Lifestyle Performance Interviews in a Mental Health Setting
Chapter 8: Data Interpretation and Outcome Indicators
Part II. The Model at Use in Occupational Therapy Practice
Chapter 9: Providing Services for a Child and His Family: Gregory
Chapter 10: Providing Services for Elders in a Community Setting: Mrs. Scotland
Chapter 11: Providing Services to Link Prisoners to the Community: Ernest
Chapter 12: Providing Services for the Terminally Ill: Mr. Pratner and Mr. Smith
Chapter 13: Providing Services in Long-Term Care: Rose
Chapter 14: Providing Services in the Community for Those Who Are Mentally Ill: Walter
Chapter 15: Providing Services in a Psychiatric Partial Hospitalization Unit: Anna
Chapter 16: The Model as a Tool for Institutional Planning
Chapter 17: A Look to the Future
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