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Anniversary Sale
ECCO 'Intrinsic' Sneaker (Men)
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ECCO dials up the sporty appeal of a stylish street sneaker with a highly breathable knit upper for cool, casual comfort. Crisp leather accents contrast the lightweight and flexible synthetic sole. Color(s): 50171tnvyc, black concrete, black/ dynasty blue leather, black/ moonless, black/ white. Brand: ECCO. Style Name: ECCO 'Intrinsic Knit' Sneaker (Men). ... Learn More
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subset: commoncrawl


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Articles tagged gang nation
11 Feb 2009 // 4:55 AM
"They look like a bunch of scared lads to me," says Ross Kemp of the MS 13 members he meets. Their longstanding poverty, he adds, belies the standard story that they're trafficking millions of dollars worth of cocaine.READ more
//Mixed media
Blesst Chest "Blesst Chest Theme Song" (audio) (premiere) // Music
The Chairman Dances "Dorothy Day and Peter Maurin" (audio) (premiere) // Music
National Park Radio 'The Great Divide' (album stream) (premiere) // Music
Kendra Erika "The Truth Never Lies" (video) (premiere) // Music
//Pm Picks
Culture Belongs to the Alien in 'Spirits of Xanadu'
// Moving Pixels
"The symbols that the artifact in Spirits of Xanadu uses are esoteric -- at least for the average Western gamer. It is Chinese culture reflected back at us through the lens of alien understanding.READ the article


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Alpha Trading: Profitable Strategies That Remove Directional Risk Hardcover – Mar 8 2011
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"Whenever Perry Kaufman writes a new book . . .system traders take note. What separates Kaufman's work from that of many other writers on trading strategies is that he goes into the nuts and bolts of designing and testing system candidates. . . The website that accompanies the book has spreadsheets that make the calculations necessary for setting up trades ever so much easier. . . What Kaufman offers is different — essentially a do-it-yourself manual for the trader who wants to develop strategies that remove directional risk and unearth opportunities for creating alpha." (Seeking Alpha)
From the Inside Flap
In the fall of 2008, the investment world received a rude reminder that forecasts and risk have more uncertainty than we would like to believe. From August 28 to the following March 9, the S&P 500 dropped 47%. Even more remarkable was that every investment was dragged down with it—hedge funds that were expected to offer diversification, commodity funds, real estate, art, and of course, every possible stock in nearly every country. When a market like this comes along, what is a trader to do? How to manage risk? Where are the hedges?
The solution to all this risk and uncertainty, says world-renowned trading systems expert Perry Kaufman, is to take market positions that are not exposed to directional risk. Trading a spread or market neutral position takes price shocks out of the picture completely. In Alpha Trading, Kaufman shows how to make trading profits even when there are no market trends and price shocks rock the markets every day. His strategies, long shown to be profitable, are called statistical arbitrage, or stat-arb, and they can be traded by holding positions for a few days, as he suggests, or for milliseconds as implemented by the big investment houses. They include all forms of stat-arb trading, from spreads to yield-curve trading to program trading, and from the simplest pairs trade to large-scale market neutral strategies. Kaufman covers each one in detail, ultimately showing you how to change the shape of your risk and drastically increase your probability of profiting under any market conditions.
With his decades of experience in almost every type of market, Kaufman's guidance, strategies, and lessons will be a welcome addition to the trading literature for professional and serious individual traders for years to come.
A companion website includes spreadsheets to perform the calculations found in the book, including those for pairs trading, risk-adjusted spreads, cross-market trading, traditional market neutral trading, and other stat-arb methods.
Alpha Trading will help serious investors and traders make money when markets make no sense. With tested strategies and systems for profitably trading in directionless markets, Kaufman shows traders how to exploit new highs and lows, hedge primary risk components, find robustness, craft a diversification program, and much more, complete with spreadsheets to do the calculations. Each step of the process is explained and illustrated with examples of how the numbers should look.See all Product Description
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This book stands out from these "hype literature" books because it delivers substantial value for people who want to develop non-directional strategies. It helps you to solve a lot of the issues you might have in developing a non-directional strategy in a very practical way.
This book is a must read for the serious non-directional risk strategy developer.
Reviewed by Larry Lovrencic
The world has experienced many financial crises, from the South Sea bubble in the early 18th century to the Great Depression in early 20th century to the Dot Com Crash in the early 21st century to the housing and credit crisis in more recent years. It was the latter two crises which prompted author Perry Kaufman to consider alternative financial markets trading strategies which required more complex positions other than just long or short but which he suggests rewards the trader with safety during a market collapse. The result of Kaufman's deliberations is the book Alpha Trading : Profitable Strategies That Remove Directional Risk.
According to Kaufman the focus of this book is on the active trader and the trading strategies employed are called Statistical Arbitrage or StatArb, which is the trading basis of many of the large hedge fund managers throughout the world. Statistical arbitrage is a market neutral trading method where a trader takes advantage of the expected mean reversion of the relationship between two co-integrated securities. Effectively, by cancelling out Beta (the overall market's contribution to a security's return) and trading Alpha (the active return of a security), a trader can feel confident during extremely volatile periods of market activity. In this book, Kaufman takes the reader on a journey through formulae and examples to illustrate effective methods for achieving trading returns with lower risk profiles.
The book begins by examining the importance of price noise in a market with Kaufman examining the 'drunken sailor walk' and the efficiency ratio and quickly moves to a substantial section on the process of trading pairs of securities, initially equities and then futures. Examples are thorough and provide a good basis to understanding the process. Sample spreadsheets are provided on a website link referred to in the book.
In the next chapter Kaufman examines longer term pairs trading where price noise is usually not dominant and where well defined trends tend to emerge. The relationships between Dell and Hewlett-Packard and gold and platinum are used as examples. Cross market trading is also examined with a focus on the use of the 'stress indicator'.
Alpha Trading, is similar to Kaufman's previous books, New Trading Systems and Methods and A Short Course in Technical Trading, in it's examination of the quantitative aspects of trading but departs by not using Technical Analysis as the focus of the strategies. It provides well explained, robust methods for traders considering alternative quantative trading strategies.
Kenneth Roberts
Fusion Asset Management


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, Volume 103, Issue 1, pp 1-30
First online:
Freeport-McMoRan Copper & Gold, Inc.: An Innovative Voluntary Code of Conduct to Protect Human Rights, Create Employment Opportunities, and Economic Development of the Indigenous People
- S. Prakash SethiAffiliated withBaruch College, CUNY Email author
- , David B. LowryAffiliated withBaruch College, CUNY
- , Emre A. VeralAffiliated withBaruch College, CUNY
- , H. Jack ShapiroAffiliated withBaruch College, CUNY
- , Olga EmelianovaAffiliated withBaruch College, CUNY
Rent the article at a discountRent now
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Environmental degradation and extractive industry are inextricably linked, and the industry's adverse impact on air, water, and ground resources has been exacerbated with increased demand for raw materials and their location in some of the more environmentally fragile areas of the world. Historically, companies have managed to control calls for regulation and improved, i.e., more expensive, mining technologies by (a) their importance in economic growth and job creation or (b) through adroit use of their economic power and bargaining leverage against weak national governments, regional and international regulatory bodies. More recently, the industry has had to contend with another set of challenges that involved treatment of indigenous people and their traditional land rights, fair treatment of workers, human rights abuses, and bribery and corruption involving local officials and political leaders. These challenges currently fall outside the traditional areas of regulation and control. Nevertheless, they pose serious threat to the industry's business practices because of their global scope, threat to company's reputation, and long-term risks of political instability leading to increasing cost of capital. Industry has responded to these challenges by creating voluntary codes of conduct that would signify their intent to comply with higher standards of conduct, and assuage public opinion that no further action is called for. These codes, however, lack any monitoring mechanism and reporting integrity to assure the public that the industry members are indeed meeting their commitments. Consequently, pressure on the industry continues unabated and with ever increasing calls for mandatory regulation and oversight. This article examines the activities of one mining company, Freeport-McMoRan Copper & Gold, Inc., which has taken a radically different approach in responding to these challenges at its mining operations in West Papua, Indonesia. While cooperating with industry-based efforts of voluntary codes of conduct, Freeport also initiated a radically different response through its own voluntary code that would directly focus on issues of human rights, treatment of indigenous people on whose traditional land its mine was located; economic development and job creation and, improvements in health, education, and housing facilities, to name a few. Additionally, the company earmarked large sums of money and involved representatives of the indigenous people in their management and disbursement. The company took an even more radical action when it committed itself to independent external audits of the company's compliance with the code, and that these findings and company's responses would be made public without prior censorship by the company. We analyze the nature of corporate culture, vision and risk-taking propensities of its management that would impel the company to embark on a high risk strategy whose outcomes could not be predicted with any degree of certainty before the fact. The parent company also had to confront discontent among the management ranks at the mine site because of cultural differences and management styles of expatriates and local (Indonesian) managers. Finally, we discuss in some detail the extensive and intensive character of a two phase audit conducted by the outside monitors, their findings, and the process by which they were implemented and reported to general public. We also evaluate the strengths and challenges posed by such audits, their importance to the company's future, and how such projects might be undertaken by other companies.
Key wordsFreeport-McMoRan Copper & Gold, Inc. extractive industry industry-wide voluntary codes of conduct individual company voluntary code of conduct human rights abuses indigenous people economic development corporate culture values and traditions top management vision and risk taking propensities third party independent audit and compliance monitoring NGO intervention and relationship military violence news media
Reference tools
- Title
- Freeport-McMoRan Copper & Gold, Inc.: An Innovative Voluntary Code of Conduct to Protect Human Rights, Create Employment Opportunities, and Economic Development of the Indigenous People
- Journal
Journal of Business Ethics
Volume 103, Issue 1 , pp 1-30
- Cover Date
- 2011-09
- 10.1007/s10551-011-0847-4
- Print ISSN
- 0167-4544
- Online ISSN
- 1573-0697
- Publisher
- Springer Netherlands
- Additional Links
- Topics
- Keywords
- Freeport-McMoRan Copper & Gold, Inc.
- extractive industry
- industry-wide voluntary codes of conduct
- individual company voluntary code of conduct
- human rights abuses
- indigenous people
- economic development
- corporate culture values and traditions
- top management vision and risk taking propensities
- third party independent audit and compliance monitoring
- NGO intervention and relationship
- military
- violence
- news media
- Industry Sectors
- Authors
- S. Prakash Sethi (1)
- David B. Lowry (1)
- Emre A. Veral (1)
- H. Jack Shapiro (1)
- Olga Emelianova (1)
- Author Affiliations
- 1. Baruch College, CUNY, New York, NY, U.S.A.


text:
Fast Facts
RWU Law partners with the Alpert Medical School of Brown Medical School and the Rhode Island Center for Law and Public Policy in the Rhode Island Medical-Legal Partnership for Children. This unique collaboration offers legal services to low-income families at Hasbro Children's Hospital.
Law & Literature
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This course explores how literature depicts the legal system and what that depiction reflects about society's view of the law. Through close readings of fiction, we will explore the following questions: Is the lawyer a hero and crusader for justice? Can the law unveil the truth? Does fiction portray the reality of the legal system? Can the legal system adequately address complex moral problems? Readings include To Kill A Mockingbird and 12 Angry Men. Final paper required.


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The annual Southwest Elite 7-on-7 Showcase starts Friday with pool play. The 32-team field will play games at Shiloh Christian (the host), Springdale High, Fayetteville High and Rogers High. Saturday's double-elimination tournament will be held entirely on Shiloh's campus.
Andrew Hutchinson
Sports Reporter at NWA Media
Andrew Hutchinson is a multimedia sports reporter for NWA Media.
Latest posts by Andrew Hutchinson (see all)
- Southwest Elite 7-on-7: Pool Play Scores - July 15, 2016
- 7A Championship: Bentonville 12, NLR 1 - May 20, 2016
- 7A Boys Championship: Bentonville 2, Springdale 0 - May 20, 2016
For a preview of the event, click here.
We will be posting scores from all of the pool play games below.
NOTE: Games were delayed because of weather, so the times listed are when the games were scheduled to be played. The actual start times were later.
9 a.m.
Pool A
Jenks (Okla.) 17, Alma 16
Aurora Christian (Ill.) 20, Elkins 12
Pool B
Bixby (Okla.) 42, Rogers Heritage … Continue Reading ››


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nice dividends. so just be patient. rewards will be there for you. get paid while you wait and interest rates are NOT going to go up for some time.. period!! so don't let the markets scare you... this are at rock bottom prices.. if you know the charts it will tell u that.. buy and be patient... rewards will be there for you..
take a look at the last 3 quarters of net income.....didn't even cover the dividend....is there a cut coming?????
net income includes non-cash charges (i.e. depreciation). look at the cash flow statement instead, more than enough cash to cover dividends.
Perhaps the company will be asking for sizable rate increases...You don't get much sympathy and approval when you indicate you're making humongous profits. Lets hope this is the case, and there will be NO divvy cut.
Sentiment: Hold


text:
|Publication number
|Publication type
|Application number
|Publication date
|Mar 21, 1989
|Filing date
|Feb 25, 1986
|Priority date
|Feb 25, 1986
|Fee status
|Also published as
|Publication number
|Sea-Chung Kim, Alvaro Maury, William H. Stinebaugh, Jr.
|Original Assignee
|American Telephone And Telegraph Company, At&T Bell Laboratories
|Export Citation
|BiBTeX, EndNote, RefMan
|Patent Citations (11), Non-Patent Citations (22), Referenced by (26), Classifications (11), Legal Events (4)
|External Links: USPTO, USPTO Assignment, Espacenet
1. Field of the Invention
The present invention relates to solid state devices that utilize a thin layer of silicon dioxide as a dielectric.
2. Description of the Prior Art
Numerous applications exist in the semiconductor art for thin layers (i.e., <25 nanometers) of silicon dioxide grown on deposited silicon. For example, in a switched-capacitor filter or a dynamic random access memory, a capacitor dielectric may be formed by first depositing a layer of polycrystalline silicon ("polysilicon", or "poly"), which is doped with an impurity to form a first conductive plate of the capacitor. Depending on the doping and deposition conditions, polysilicon as deposited comprises grains of single-crystal silicon having a grain size (diameter) of typically from about 50 to 200 nanometers. The doped polysilicon is then heated in an oxygen ambient for a period of about one-half hour, in order to oxidize the surface, thereby forming a dielectric layer of SiO2. An additional layer of doped polysilicon may then be deposited on the SiO2 dielectric layer, in order to form the second capacitor plate. Prior to forming this second plate, a silicon nitride layer may optionally be formed by growth or deposition on the silicon dioxide layer, producing a "dual dielectric" capacitor. In a dynamic memory, the capacitor may extend over the adjoining access transistor in the "stacked capacitor" structure, or may be located in a trench alongside the access transistor, with other configurations being possible. The elevated temperature of the oxidizing process, and subsequent heat treatments involved in the other process steps, typically cause the polysilicon grain sizes (in the unoxidized portions) to increase to perhaps 100 to 1000 nanometers.
A very important criterion of the quality of the dielectric layer is its breakdown voltage for a given dielectric thickness. That is, it is desirable to use as thin a dielectric as possible, in order to maximize the capacitance per unit area, while obtaining the required breakdown voltage to operate without failure. It is generally known in the art that the breakdown voltage of oxidized polysilicon is less than the breakdown voltage of oxidized single-crystal silicon of comparable thickness. Therefore, a thicker layer of SiO2 is used when it is formed from polysilicon, as when formed from single-crystal silicon (e.g., a substrate), to obtain a comparable breakdown voltage. It is known that furnace oxidation of in-situ doped polysilicon deposited at 600 degrees C. produces a higher breakdown voltage than when deposited at 640 degrees C.; see "Properties of Thermal Oxides Grown on Phosphorus in-situ Doped Polysilicon", M. Steinheim et al, Journal of the Electrochemical Society, Vol. 130, pp. 1735-1740 (1983). In addition, it is known that silicon tends to deposit in the amorphous state at deposition temperatures below about 590 degrees C. It has been proposed to deposit silicon in the amorphous state, and then oxidize it; see "Characterization of Thermally Oxidized n+ Polycrystalline Silicon", L. Faraone et al, IEEE Transactions on Electron Devices, Vol. ED-32, pp. 577-583 (1985). However, the doping techniques utilized therein resulted in at least a surface portion of the silicon converting to the polycrystalline state prior to, or during, oxidation.
Another application of SiO2 layers grown on deposited polysilicon is for the top dielectric of the "floating gate" in electrically erasable programmable read-only-memories (EEPROMs); see, for example, U.S. Pat. No. 4,544,418. That patent also discloses rapidly oxidizing the (single crystal) substrate in order to form the thin gate oxide layer of such a device. In general, it is also desirable to be able to form the top dielectric from as thin an oxide as possible, to minimize the voltage required to write data into the device. It is also known to use oxidized polysilicon as the gate dielectric of an insulated gate field effect transistor. In that case also, smaller device geometrics require thinner gate oxides that still obtain a satisfactory breakdown voltage.
We have invented a technique for forming a thin silicon dioxide layer wherein amorphous silicon is oxidized under conditions that maintain at least a surface portion of the silicon amorphous as it is undergoing oxidation to form silicon dioxide. The amorphous silicon is typically formed by chemical vapor deposition at a sufficiently low temperature to ensure the amorphicity of the silicon as deposited. A conductivity-enhancing dopant, at a concentration of typically at least one weight percent, may be optionally included in the deposited material, preferably by co-deposition with the amorphous silicon.
The following detailed description relates to an improved technique for growing silicon dioxide layers on deposited silicon. The inventive technique results from our discovery that grown SiO2 layers of improved dielectric quality are obtained when the deposited silicon is amorphous, and the oxidation of the amorphous silicon is rapidly accomplished, or otherwise accomplished to prevent conversion of at least a surface portion of the amorphous silicon to polysilicon. Application of the present technique to the production of integrated circuits and other solid state devices is possible. Silicon is considered to be amorphous when only short-range order is present at the atomic level, with any resulting grains having a size of less than 1 nanometer, as determined by x-ray or electron diffraction techniques known in the art. The effectiveness of the foregoing combination of conditions is illustrated by means of the following Examples.
In a first series of experiments, the breakdown voltage of oxidized polysilicon having various doping levels was determined. For this purpose, 400 nanometers of undoped polysilicon was deposited on a 100 nanometer thick layer of SiO2 that had been grown on each of six silicon wafers, each 5 inches in diameter. The polysilicon was deposited by a low pressure chemical vapor deposition (CVD) reaction of SiH4 at a temperature in the range of 580 to 590 degrees C., and was in a semi-amorphous state as deposited. Two of the wafers were then exposed to PBr3 gas at a temperature of 950 degrees C. for 10 minutes, resulting in a doping of the polysilicon with 1.5 weight percent of phosphorus. Two other wafers were similarly exposed for 20 minutes, producing a 2 weight percent phosphorus doping, and the last two wafers were exposed for 30 minutes, producing a 2.2 weight percent doping. In all cases, the exposure to the elevated temperatures during doping caused the silicon to convert to the polycrystalline state.
Three of the wafers, one at each doping level, were furnace oxidized in an atmosphere of 10% O2, 90% Ar, and 0.1% C2 H3 Cl3 at 950 degrees C. for a period of 18 minutes, producing a SiO2 layer about 17 nanometers thick on the surface of the polysilicon layer on each wafer. Another three of the wafers, one at each doping level, were rapidly oxidized by exposure to O2 for 85 seconds at a temperature of 1000 degrees C., which was produced by a tungsten-halogen flashlamp. This produced a layer of SiO2 about 20 nanometers thick on the polysilicon surface of each wafer. A second layer of polysilicon 340 nanometers thick, and doped with about 1 weight percent phosphorus, was deposited on the foregoing 20 nanometer grown SiO2 layer on each of the six wafers. This second polysilicon layer was patterned to form electrodes, and an electric voltage applied to each of the polysilicon layers, thereby producing an electric field across the 20 nanometer grown SiO2 layer.
The breakdown voltage, and hence breakdown field, was determined for each grown SiO2 layer of each wafer; the results are presented in Table 1. Note that the breakdown field did not exceed 5.5 megavolts per centimeter of film thickness, and decreased significantly at the highest dopant concentration.
______________________________________Breakdown Field for Oxidized Polysilicon Breakdown field (MV/cm)Phosphorus concentration Furnace Rapid(weight percent) Oxidation Oxidation______________________________________1.5 5.4 4.02.0 5.5 5.42.2 1.7 1.4______________________________________
This Example illustrates the improved dielectric films made according to one embodiment of the inventive technique. Four silicon wafers had formed thereon a 100 nanometer thick layer of silicon dioxide. Deposited on the oxide layer of each wafer was 400 nanometers of amorphous silicon that was in-situ doped with phosphorus by co-deposition of the silicon and phosphorus. The deposition was accomplished by low pressure chemical vapor deposition, using SiH4 and PH3 as the source gases, and a small amount of N2 to reduce the formation of large particles. (The use of other source gases is possible.) The deposition temperature of 570 degrees C. was low enough to ensure the amorphous state of the silicon as deposited. (Chemical vapor deposition temperatures below about 580 to 590 degrees C. typically results in amorphous silicon.) The deposition rate, of a pressure of 1 Torr (1 mm of Hg), was 6.5 nanometers/minute. This allowed a relatively short deposition period, which prevented recrystallization of the amorphous silicon at the bottom of the film. A first two of the wafers were doped with 1.5 weight percent phosphorus, and a second two were doped with 2.4 weight percent phosphorus, by this procedure. The deposited silicon was maintained in the amorphous state following deposition.
The deposited amorphous silicon on two of the wafers, one at each doping level, was furnace oxidized as above, producing oxide thicknesses averaging about 19 nanometers. The deposited amorphous silicon on the remaining two of the wafers, one at each doping level, was rapidly oxidized as above, producing oxide thicknesses averaging about 23 nanometers. Each wafer then had a doped polysilicon top layer deposited on the grown oxide layer, and patterned to serve as an electrode as above.
The resulting breakdown fields were determined as above, and the results are shown in Table 2.
______________________________________Breakdown Field for Oxidized Amorphous Silicon Breakdown Field (MV/cm)Phosphorus concentration Furnace Rapid(weight percent) Oxidation Oxidation______________________________________1.5 6.6 8.52.5 5.8 8.8______________________________________
It can be seen that the combination of rapid oxidation and amorphous silicon results in an oxide having significantly improved quality as compared to silicon dioxide films produced by the prior art technique of furnace oxidation of polysilicon, and is also superior to both rapid oxidation of polysilicon and furnace oxidation of amorphous silicon. This is due to improved surface smoothness of the rapidly oxidized amorphous silicon. Note that the improvement is especially significant at relatively high dopant concentrations; i.e., above about 2 weight percent for phosphorus as the dopant. The deposited amorphous silicon layer may be oxidized through its entire thickness by the present technique, or alternately only a surface portion may be oxidized. During the above rapid oxidation process, the amorphous silicon material underlying the surface portion became polycrystalline. If the surface portion is sufficiently oxidized before grain growth of the silicon material occurs, the improved dielectric properties are obtained largely independently of subsequent grain growth in the underlying material. Transmission electron microscope pictures of the underlying silicon show that the resulting silicon grains are much more uniform when the surface of amorphous silicon is rapidly oxidized as compared to the case when the surface of polysilicon is oxidized under either of the foregoing rapid or furnace oxidation conditions. Note also that even though it is known that higher temperatures tend to promote grain growth, the "rapid oxidation" (at 1000 degrees C.) was so much shorter in duration than the "furnace oxidation" (at 950 degrees C.) in this Example that improved dielectric quality was obtained. This is due to the rapidly oxidized surface forming a SiO2 "cap" that maintained surface smoothness even as some grain growth in the underlying silicon occurred.
In general, "rapid oxidation" as used herein means performing the oxidation in less than 5 minutes, as may be accomplished in a flashlamp heater apparatus. In accomplishing the rapid oxidation, the temperature ramp-up should provide for a heating rate that makes the transition from a relatively low temperature (e.g., 600 degrees C.) to an oxidizing temperature in excess of 950 degrees C., in less than 5 minutes. A typical radiant heater (e.g., flashlamp) produces this transition in less than 1 minute, and typically only a few seconds, even when starting from room temperature. This rapid transition helps avoid significant polysilicon grain growth prior to forming the oxide "cap". The time at maximum temperature is also less than 5 minutes, and in a typical case less than 2 minutes. The ramp-down of the temperature may then be relatively long if desired, since the oxide "cap" will have formed, and will maintain surface smoothness even if some further polysilicon grain growth occurs during ramp-down, or in subsequent heating steps. The maximum temperature is typically in excess of 950 degrees C. for a dry oxygen ambient at atmospheric pressure. However, the use of a steam oxidizing ambient and/or increased pressure may be used to reduce the maximum temperature required. The addition of other oxidizing agents (e.g., chlorine or fluorine) may also reduce the times or temperatures required. A plasma atmosphere comprising oxygen may be used to assist the oxidation process; see, e.g., U.S. Pat. Nos. 4,062,747 and 4,300,989 co-assigned herewith. These techniques may thus be used to reduce the oxidation temperature sufficiently so that polysilicon grain formation (from the amorphous silicon) is retarded until after the surface portion is oxidized. The oxidation times may then be longer than those used for "rapid oxidation", and still achieve improved dielectric quality as compared to oxidation of polysilicon. For example, plasma assisted oxidation of silicon at temperatures below 600 degrees C. is known in the art. As applied to the present technique, the use of a relatively low oxidizing temperature provides for reducing (or even eliminating) the rate of polysilicon grain formation and growth, while still allowing oxidation of the amorphous silicon to a usable thickness (e.g., greater than 5 nanometers).
Although deposition of amorphous silicon has been illustrated above, the amorphous silicon may be formed by other techniques. For example, a layer of deposited polysilicon may be rendered amorphous by ion beam damage. The ion species may be, for example, an inert gas (e.g., argon), or a dopant used to enhance the conductivity of the silicon. However, in some cases, only a surface portion of the polysilicon need be amorphized thereby, for the reasons noted above. We recommend that the amorphous surface portion be at least 10 nanometers thick prior to the oxidizing, to help ensure the benefits noted herein. The oxidizing typically proceeds to produce a thickness of the silicon dioxide of at least 3 nanometers. The oxidizing typically is terminated before oxidizing the entire thickness of the deposited silicon, but the entire thickness may be oxidized if desired. If the oxidizing is accomplished at a sufficiently low temperature (e.g., less than about 580 degrees C.), than the entire thickness of the silicon layer can remain amorphous during the oxidation process, assuming it was in that state prior to oxidation. Exposure to higher temperature (e.g., greater than about 590 degrees C.) during subsequent processing operations may then cause polysilicon grain formation in the silicon underneath the oxidized surface region. For reasons as noted above, the oxidized surface "cap" results in improved surface smoothness, and increased electric breakdown field, in that case also.
It can be seen from the above Examples that the present techniques produces an oxide layer having an electric breakdown field of typically over 8 megavolts per centimeter. In a typical case, it appears that the electric breakdown field of SiO2 formed by the inventive technique is at least 10 percent greater than for an equally thick layer of SiO2 grown on polysilicon, under comparable oxidizing conditions (e.g., the same times, temperatures, and oxidizing ambient). Other operations known in the art (e.g., growing or depositing silicon nitride on the silicon dioxide) may be used to further improve various properties of the layer formed by the present technique.
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|U.S. Classification
|International Classification
|Cooperative Classification
|European Classification
|Feb 25, 1986
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Spring has finally sprung at QIVC! After many weeks of cold, rainy weather (and a surprising early Spring snowfall), the warmth has arrived, and with it lots of singing birds, tall grass, buds galore, and of course, sheep! The sheep were already here, but now they're out to pasture, rotating from one community pasture to the next and providing villagers with close-up views of newborn lambs.
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Pat and Robin O'Neal of Mancos, and Marilyn Farris of Minturn, Colo., are proud to announce the marriage of their children, Sarah Farris to Joshua O'Neal. The couple was wed on Sept. 29, 2012, at the home of the groom's parents in Mancos. Sarah graduated from high school in 2001 in Eagle, Colo., and Josh is a 1999 graduate of Mancos High School. Sarah is employed at Sportsman Warehouse, and the groom is employed by Schafer Marketing, both in Grand Junction, Colo. Seventy of the bride and groom's closest friends and family were in attendance at the ceremony. The couple will continue to reside in Grand Junction.
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Latest Content From Minnesota State University, Mankato
by Minnesota State University, MankatoJan 01, 2008
This paper published by Minnesota State University, Mankato describes how teaching servlet programming has its rewards for both instructors and students. This paper introduces ServletApp, a single 1.4MB .jar file that contains all that is necessary to run a servlet as an application. Students who use ServletApp are provided with an environment in which it is easy to write, compile, test and debug servlet and JSP code.
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Sue Ann Prince, the founding director of the American Philosophical Society Museum, has supported Slought since its formation.
Engage with social issues and ideas that reflect our organizational values
MK Asante, the acclaimed author of Buck, speaks with Lorene Cary and young adults about safety, agency, and the power of language.
An interview with artist Fazal Sheikh about dispossession and the loss of memory and identity following the the Arab-Israeli War of 1948
Alanna Rebbeck reflects on the invisibility of "slow violence" and how cultural institutions can visualize a new aesthetic of resistance.


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29Zach Clark
Club Experience: Played on the Huntsville Soccer Club Blue Strikers ... Member of a two-time Alabama Disvion I State Championship team ... Was a five-time participant in the Alabama Division I State tournament Finals ... Was a region III Premier League Finalist ... Traveled to Bolivia to the Premier Soccer Academy and competed in the Mundialito Tournament hosted by the Tahuichi Academy ... Member of the Region III ODP in 2008 and 2009 ... Was one of six players selected to train with the Tigers' professional organization in Mexico.
High School: Served as team captain at Grissom High School.
Personal: Full name is Zachary Martin Clark ... Son of Morty and Christie Clark ... Majoring in resort tourism management.
More Headlines
Sean Teepen Joins Men's Soccer Staff
2/23/2016 •
Men's Soccer Adds Eight To 2016 Roster
01/13/2016 •
Colin Marz Named NSCAA All-Region
12/09/2015 •
11 Chanticleers Named All-Big South
11/09/2015 •


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All items are posted on the day you have paid and sent 1st class post.
All additional items are FREE or 50p postage
If you are ordering more than 10 items price get in touch with me and I will give you a discount.
I am away till the 5th Aug. you can still buy any of my items I will post them on the 5th if not before,thanks.


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The MARTHA project objectives are the control and the management of a fleet of autonomous mobile robots for transshipment tasks in harbors, airports and marshalling yards. One of the most challenging and key problems of the MARTHA project is multi-robot cooperation. A general concept for the control of a large fleet of autonomous mobile robots has been developed, implemented and validated in the framework of the MARTHA project. This is the first study in the autonomous mobile robot field to add multi-robot cooperation capabilities to such a large fleet of robots
A not-for-profit organization, IEEE is the world's largest technical professional organization dedicated to advancing technology for the benefit of humanity.© Copyright 2016 IEEE - All rights reserved. Use of this web site signifies your agreement to the terms and conditions.


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Games Software
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Hot topics in Games Software4x space city-building games mac boy advance freeorion caesar pokemon gba emulator pokemon games for mac boy advanced space exploration game strategy
Mac Boy Advance
A GBA emulator for Mac OSX5,112 weekly downloads
CaesarIA (openCaesar3)
Remake of the classic Caesar III game907 weekly downloads
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DNS Launcher
DNS Launcher is a improved installer/launcher for the DNS TechPack136 weekly downloads
Game engine for playing tomb raider 1 - 5 levels.148 weekly downloads
Reality Factory 2
Reality Factory 2 is a next-generation game authoring suite. It combines a flexible, fully scripted game development environment powered by Python with the Ogre3D engine, and supports all major desktop operating systems.7 weekly downloads
GCMTools Suite
The GCMTools are a suite of tools for autiting and editing GameCube DVD images (.iso and .gcm). This will allow you to modify content in games, browse the game structure, and even aide in the development of homebrew games and programs.8 weekly downloads
Mpango means plans in swahili. This project is an open source massive multiplayer online game described as a turned based strategy game.2 weekly downloads
Adapted from the powerful but inactive SMART Servertool to run on TM21 weekly downloads
The Forming
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Crown and Cutlass
Crown and Cutlass is a 3d pirate action/adventure game in the spirit of the old Pirates! game. It is written in C++, using OpenGL and SDL with an emphasis on cross-platform compatibility.3 weekly downloads
2D Action-scroller game engine. IIchan.ru game content is included.3 weekly downloads
DSA - Half-Life
Rastullahs Lockenpracht ist ein neuer Versuch des DSA-HL Teams ein Spiel zum Rollenspiel 'Das Schwarze Auge' zu kreieren. Dabei entwickeln wir eine 3d FPS-Spielengine auf der Basis von OGRE.5 weekly downloads
RealTimeBattle is a programming game, in which robots controlled by programs are fighting each other. The goal is to destroy the enemies, using the radar to examine the environment and the cannon to shoot.5 weekly downloads
GNU MMORPG for Java
The GMRJ is an open-source, freely-playable, GNU MMORPG written in Java. This project involves the production of graphics, maps, and game elements, as well as the server/client structure of the game.4 weekly downloads
Online Diplomacy
An online form of diplomacy that emphasizes the social nature of the game through treaties, orgainzations and trust ratings.<br>This project has been suspended because a similar one exists at http://www.dipbounced.com I may restart this project.4 weekly downloads
UDK Apoclyofable Source
The source code for the UDK release of apoclyofable1 weekly downloads
Metal Warriors is mix of a first person action and a real time strategy game. The game takes place in a vast 3D landscape where different teams battle each other with tanks, either on a network or turn-based on a single machine.2 weekly downloads
GameServ IRC Services
A multiplayer RPG that connects as a psuedo server to an IRCD. Built in the tradition of old BBS Door games such as LORD (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Legend_of_the_Red_Dragon). Forest fights add experience and gold needed to best your master (gain level1 weekly downloads
Developing classic RPG framework with Java & OpenGL. An attempt to create a detailed, old-fashioned pen'n'paper like & turn based RPG with a decent story/AI and a huge place to play. Also includes a reference RPG. Blog: http://jcrpg.blogspot.com4 weekly downloads
DOEDELS is a (multi- and) singleplayer adventure enigine written in java(j2se1.5 +). The project contains the games-engine and some editors to create your own 2d adventures. The Adventure will allow to mix the gameplay with some details of RPG- and strat3 weekly downloads
Dragon Magi
A new game for Mac OS X as well as Mac OS 8-9 and Windows. Think SuperMario and Dungeons and Dragons. This 2-D side-scrolling RPG is sure to captivate you as you play through its many levels with plot twists at every corner.3 weekly downloads
Fly, bomb, shoot sh*t.3 weekly downloads
Java AI Gaming Engine
The Java AI Gaming Engine is a collection of games that allow easy integration, testing, and competition of AIs. The games that are supported: Hex and Ataxx, and in the future: TicTacToe, Chess, Checkers, Rock-Paper-Scissors, and more.3 weekly downloads
A 2D cross-platform java RPG/Adventure game. Details to be decided3 weekly downloads


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This study presents a new method for application testing of field programmable gate array (FPGA) interconnects at run time. This method utilises new features related to the function for the programming of the look up tables (LUTs), the utilisation (by logic activation/deactivation) of the nets in a interconnect configuration as well as the primary (unused) input/outputs (IOs) of the FPGAs. A new LUT programming function is introduced; the proposed method retains the original interconnect configuration and modifies the function of the LUTs using the so-called 1-bit sum function (1-BSF); the 1-BSF detects all possible stuck-at and bridging faults (of all cardinalities) by utilising the all zeros' vector and a walking-1 test set. As validated by simulation for benchmark circuits (implemented on the Xilinx Virtex4 and Virtex5), the proposed method (with a polynomial time complexity) results in a single test configuration with 100% coverage. These results also show that the proposed method requires a larger number of test vectors and an availability of unused IOs.
A not-for-profit organization, IEEE is the world's largest technical professional organization dedicated to advancing technology for the benefit of humanity.© Copyright 2016 IEEE - All rights reserved. Use of this web site signifies your agreement to the terms and conditions.


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EU versions of Black Ops banned in Germany
According to a report from PCGames.de, the EU version of Call of Duty: Black Ops has been banned in Germany.
Instead, only localised versions of the game will be authorised by Steam.
This is down to censorship laws in the country, with games having to go under checks in regards to the uses of depictions of war.
Because Steam will require an activation for a localised version, the EU version of the game can't be imported, including from those in the UK.
Call of Duty: Black Ops releases on November 9 worldwide.
Thanks, MCV.
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We have two males and one female Sphinx Kittens available. have very good temperament, very playful. Kittens are up to date on all their shots and de-worming and come with their health papers and vet records. text 804-472-8923
Jul 28 -
Nashville :
Nashville - Cats & kittens
2 Males and a female Sphynx kittens for adoption. They enjoy being around humans. Very affectionate and playful. They are already litter trained and have their first shots along with their vet check up. text 804-472-8923
Jul 28 -
Asheville :
Asheville - Cats & kittens
male kitten born 3 16 2016 registered utd on shots and has been vet checked he is unneutered. parents are pictured as well
Jul 26 -
Cincinnati :
Foster - Cats & kittens
Bi-color "white and lavender" CFA registered male Sphynx kitten for sale, mother is odd eye white, and champion father "lavender and white" was 3rd best sphynx Kitten with CFA in the southern region 2015-2016, comes from a long line of odd eye. He was born on may 10th, and is up to date on all shots and will be vet checked before going to his new home, and will be neutered if sold as a pet ...
Jul 17 -
Atlanta :
Talmo - Cats & kittens
I have two male F3 generation coated sphynx kittens. Their mom is a F2 coated bambino ( short legs) and dad is a Hairless sphynx. Have had shots and been wormed. Please google coated sphynx for more infomation.
Here is a link for a quick reference: http://gobblesgobblins.net/skin-types
For other available sphynx kittens please go to: http://www.handlkennelsandcattery.com/
Jul 17 -
Augusta :
Augusta - Cats & kittens
Taking names for a upcoming litter of Sphynx kittens. Deposit will be taking when the kittens are 2-3 weeks old. Mother is a black and white tux and father is a blue and white van. Should be born middle/end of July. Please do research about the breed. They are hairless and indoors only. Requires weekly baths with baby wash and ear cleaning. This is the first litter with this father.
Jun 25 -
Greenville :
Westminster - Cats & kittens
Sphynx babies now available for reservations. I have some beautiful naked kittens ready for their forever homes in mid March. If you have any questions feel free to contact me at [email removed] prices start at $1200.
Jun 12 -
Evansville-Henderson :
Bicknell - Cats & kittens
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- Capital Cube•6 days agoFossil Group, Inc. – Value Analysis (NASDAQ:FOSL) : July 18, 2016
Click here to see latest analysisCapitalcube gives Fossil Group, Inc. a score of 56.Our analysis is based on comparing Fossil Group, Inc. with the following peers – Movado Group, Inc., Swatch Group AG Unsponsored ADR, Citizen Holdings Co, Ltd. Unsponsored ADR, Casio Computer Co., Ltd. Unsponsored ADR and Coach, Inc. (MOV-US, SWGAY-US, CHCLY-US, CSIOY-US and […] (Read more...) The post Fossil Group, Inc. – Value Analysis (NASDAQ:FOSL) : July 18, 2016 appeared first on CapitalCube.
Celebrate the Summer of Freedom in Williamsburg
Can a Greater Williamsburg vacation give you the freedom to have fun? Watch a real family find out.
- Motley Fool•9 days agoWhy Fossil Group, Infosys, and Ziopharm Oncology Slumped Today
These stocks fell on a flat market day. Find out why.
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R&B from Jaheim, Van Hunt
At a time when hip-hop dominates the R&B scene, it's often easier for a rapper to achieve commercial success than a singer. Our music critic examines why that is, in his review of two new albums by R&B vocalists: Ghetto Classics by Jaheim and On the Jungle Floor by Van Hunt.
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Shell Pearl Beads Strands, Grade A, Polished, Round, White
Size: about 10mm in diameter, hole: 0.8~1.0mm; about 38pcs/strand.
Beautiful classic pearls, beaming in pearlescent white for timeless designs. Pearls are hotter than ever! Since pearls are a natural material, color and sizes will vary.
Priced per 5 Strands
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Jerry Gale Cornelison
Position: T
6-4, 250lb (193cm, 113kg)
Born: September 13, 1936 in Dallas, TX
College: SMU
Weighted Career AV (100-95-...): 21 (4634th overall since 1960)
Draft: Cleveland Browns in the 16th round (192nd overall) of the 1958 NFL Draft.
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A project of People For the American Way dedicated to monitoring and exposing the activities of the right-wing movement. Learn More >
'Religious Freedom' Rallies Barely Conceal Anti-Obama Activism
Opponents of contraception access this weekend held "religious freedom" demonstrations across the country to protest the Obama administration's new rules ensuring contraception coverage in health insurance plans. In one of the rallies last month in Washington D.C. in front of the White House, speakers including Frank Pavone of Priests for Life, Patrick Mahoney of the Christian Defense Coalition and Lila Rose of Live Action denounced the Obama administration for their purportedly "tyrannical" insurance mandate.
The keynote speakers at the White House rally was none other than Father Marcel Guarnizo, whose claim to fame is denying a lesbian parishioner communion at her mother's funeral and refused to attend the burial ceremony. Fr. Guarnizo said that pro-choice and pro-gay equality politicians are "unfit to rule" and are "not worthy of a democratic vote." He went on to maintain that American democracy is on the brink of collapse and told attendees to "vote this man out of office in November."
He also had harsh words for Health and Human Services Sec. Kathleen Sebelius and Maryland Gov. Martin O'Malley, who championed his state's marriage equality law, claiming that they are more than unfaithful Catholic "lost sheep" but "wolves who are plotting and working specifically against the common good and the Church." "Those people need to be castigated publicly by the shepherds of the church," Guarnizo said.
Also appearing was American Family Association spokesman Bryan Fischer, who warned that legal abortion and gay rights is provoking God's "judgment and wrath" on America.
Filed Under
Organizations:American Family Association , Priests for Life , Live Action, Christian Defense Coalition
People:Frank Pavone , Patrick Mahoney , Bryan Fischer, Lila Rose, Marcel Guarnizo
Topics:Anti-Gay, Reproductive Health, contraception
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Family features
Saturday 18 May 2013
Louise Smith was adamant that her mother and father would never have to go into a nursing home. But one day the unthinkable happened and they could no longer look after themselves. Suddenly, residential care seemed the answer
When Laura Marcus heard her first serious boyfriend was terminally ill, she went into an emotional tailspin. Then she realised she was reliving the loss of their teenage relationship decades before
R was too drunk to make it up to our hotel room on our wedding night and had to be lifted
The letter you always wanted to write


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Glucose tolerance test
- A glucose tolerance test is used to help diagnose gestational diabetes and type 2 diabetes.
- There are three versions of the oral glucose tolerance test: the 1-hour test, the 2-hour test, and the 3-hour test.
- In the eight hours leading up to the test, you should not eat food or drink any beverages aside from water.
A glucose tolerance test measures how well your body can handle sugar. During this test, you drink a certain amount of sugar, and then your blood sugar levels are monitored. Doctors use this test to help diagnose all types of diabetes, though it's most commonly used with type 2 diabetes and gestational diabetes.
People with diabetes are unable to get sugar from the blood and into the cells due to either a lack of insulin, the cell's being resistant to insulin, or both. Type 2 diabetes is the most common form of diabetes. This type of diabetes most often occurs in adults, although it's now appearing in people of all ages. It's common in people who are overweight, obese, or sedentary. It's also common in people who have a family history of type 2 diabetes. To test for type 2 diabetes, a 2-hour glucose tolerance test is used.
Gestational diabetes is when a pregnant woman with no prior history of diabetes develops high blood sugar levels as a result of the pregnancy. According to the American Diabetes Association (ADA), gestational diabetes occurs in 9.2 percent of pregnancies, usually around the second trimester. To test for gestational diabetes, either a 1-hour or 2-hour test can be used. If needed, doctors may perform a 3-hour test in addition to the 1-hour test.
Who needs a glucose tolerance test?
If you have signs and symptoms of diabetes, or you have an abnormal glucose reading on a general lab test, your doctor may order a 2-hour glucose tolerance test to test for type 2 diabetes.
Healthcare providers recommend that all pregnant women be screened for gestational diabetes. This test is typically done between 24 and 28 weeks of pregnancy, according to the American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists.
Preparing for a glucose tolerance test
You can prepare for a glucose tolerance test by taking these steps:
- Continue to eat a normal diet in the days leading up to the test.
- Consult with your doctor about any medications you're taking. Some medications, such as beta-blockers and antidepressants, can interfere with the results.
- Avoid eating food for at least eight hours before the test. You may drink water, but avoid other beverages, including those with caffeine, as these can interfere with the results.
- Avoid going to the bathroom just before the procedure, as you may be asked for a urine sample.
- Bring something to read or an activity to keep you busy while you wait.
You may be scheduled for a 1-, 2-, or 3-hour test. Normally, the 1-hour test is a screening for diabetes. Most women who have low risk factors for developing diabetes will take this test to rule out the condition.
During the test
The test can take place in your doctor's office or a laboratory. When you arrive, your healthcare provider will take a small sample of blood and a urine sample.
After giving a blood sample, you will be asked to drink an extremely sweet and concentrated solution of sugar within a given amount of time (usually five minutes). You will then sit in a waiting area until your glucose levels are tested again.
- If you take the 50-gram 1-hour test, your healthcare provider will take a blood sample after one hour.
- If you take the 75-gram 2-hour test, your healthcare provider will take a blood sample every hour for two hours.
- If you take the 100-gram 3-hour test, your healthcare provider will take a blood sample every hour for three hours.
By taking several samples of your blood as your body processes the sugar from the drink, your healthcare provider will be able to tell how well your body can mange a sugar load.
Risks of glucose tolerance test
If you're pregnant, there are no associated risks to you or your baby when taking the glucose tolerance test.
You may feel faint or dizzy from not eating. It's a good idea to eat after the test.
Results of glucose tolerance test
For type 2 diabetes, if your test shows that your glucose levels are higher than normal, you may be asked to test again on a different day. According to the Mayo Clinic, higher-than-normal levels of glucose may mean you have prediabetes, type 1 or 2 diabetes, or gestational diabetes. This depends on your blood sugar level and other symptoms.
The oral glucose test measures your blood glucose level after a period of fasting. This is known as your fasting level. The results are given in milligrams per deciliter (mg/dL).
In general, your doctor will diagnose you with type 2 diabetes if your fasting levels are over 126 mg/dL, or your 2-hour values are greater than or equal to 200 mg/dL. They may diagnose you with prediabetes if your fasting levels are between 100-125 mg/dL, or your 2-hour values are between 140-199 mg/dL.
As mentioned above, your doctor will likely confirm your diagnosis by repeating the test on a different day. They may also use another type of blood test.
According to the ADA 2016 guidelines, the following are diagnostic for gestational diabetes with the 2-hour oral glucose tolerance test:
- fasting levels greater than or equal to 92 mg/dL
- 1-hour values of 180 mg/dL or greater
- 2-hour values of 153 mg/dL or greater
If screening with a 1-hour test, results of 140 mg/dL or greater will lead to a 3-hour test. The following are diagnostic for gestational diabetes with the 3-hour oral glucose tolerance test:
- fasting levels equal to or greater than 95 mg/dL
- 1-hour values of 180 mg/dL or greater
- 2-hour values of 155 mg/dL or greater
- 3-hour values of 140 mg/dl or greater
Treatment for positive glucose tolerance test
Based on the results, your doctor will recommend a course of treatment.
For type 2 and gestational diabetes, you may be able to manage diabetes with diet and exercise. Your doctor may refer you to a dietitian. In some cases, your doctor may prescribe medication.
If you're pregnant and have gestational diabetes, it's important that you manage and monitor your blood glucose levels, as it can affect your pregnancy. If you have type 2 diabetes, good blood sugar management can help you avoid long-term complications.
Preventing gestational diabetes
You Asked, We Answered
- What can I do to help prevent gestational diabetes?
Insulin resistance is a normal part of pregnancy. It's the body's way to ensure that the fetus has enough fuel for growth. Because of this, it's difficult to prevent gestational diabetes. However, there are ways you can lower your risk. If you're overweight before your pregnancy, consider losing weight before becoming pregnant. You should not lose weight during pregnancy. Regular exercise can help as well, both before and during pregnancy. If you have not been exercising, check with your doctor before starting during pregnancy. Choose high-fiber whole carbohydrates sources mixed with protein and fats to help keep blood sugar stable.- Peggy Pletcher, MS, RD, LD, CDE


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This is a lovely hotel in an ideal downtown location. I had a room on a high floor in the south tower facing the pool/bay and had no issues with noise. The room was clean and up to date, on par with other Marriott properties. The service was friendly, and they were able to accommodate a very early check in on my arrival. The pool area was beautiful, and there were servers making the rounds for food and drink orders. I really enjoyed the shrimp and lobster salad at the poolside restaurant. They also had nice entertainment outside on Friday evening. The only downside was that the concierge lounge wasn't open from Friday noon to Sunday evening. I'd definitely stay here again.
- Official Description (provided by the hotel):
- The centerpiece of the inspiring San Diego Bay, the San Diego Marriott Marquis & Marina is a premier San Diego, CA hotel. With 1,360 guest rooms, 75,000 sq ft of meeting space, a 446-slip marina & an environment that easily transitions from dynamic meetings to resort-style relaxation, the San Diego hotel is a welcome escape. Adjacent to the San Diego Convention Center and steps from the Gaslamp Quarter, our downtown San Diego, CA hotel's location provides convenient access to championship golf and popular attractions like the San Diego Zoo, Sea World San Diego and LEGOLAND California. Experience a grand sense of arrival in the new lobby our San Diego hotel & personalized service from our dedicated staff. Unwind in a renovated guest room with sweeping bay views. From a state-of-the-art fitness center, to an enticing new pool area, to top-notch cuisine at our waterfront restaurants, it all comes together for an authentic downtown San Diego experience, only at the San Diego Marquis & Marina. ... more less
- Reservation Options:
- TripAdvisor is proud to partner with Booking.com, Hotels.com, Marriott, Expedia, HotelTravel.com, Hotwire, Travelocity, Cheap Tickets, Priceline, Odigeo, Orbitz and Jetsetter so you can book your Marriott Marquis San Diego Marina reservations with confidence. We help millions of travelers each month to find the perfect hotel for both vacation and business trips, always with the best discounts and special offers.
- Also Known As:
- San Diego Marriott Marquis And Marina
- San Diego Marriott Marquis & Marina Hotel San Diego
- Marriott San Diego