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Skip to comments.Confession: Horror Movie Gave Teen Idea to Kill Family
Posted on 01/24/2013 9:08:12 PM PST by Ironfocus
A Parker County 17-year-old wrote in a confession released Thursday that the horror movie remake of "Halloween" gave him the idea to kill his mother and sister.
Jake Evans is on trial for the Oct. 3 slayings of his 15-year-old sister, Mallory, and mother, Jami in their upscale Aledo home. The confession was introduced as evidence.
In a four-page written confession to police hours after his arrest, Evans said he had watched the remake of "Halloween" three times earlier that week.
The 2007 Rob Zombie film is about a 10-year-old boy who murders several people and kills a number of others 15 years later.
"While watching it, I was amazed at how at ease the boy was during the murders and how little remorse he had," Evans wrote. "Afterward, I was thinking to myself it would be the same for me when I kill someone."
Later, as his mother and sister watched the presidential debate that night, he said he "just sat in the living room thinking about how I was going to kill my family."
He wrote that he got a knife.
"I went back upstairs and kept pacing back and forth imagining killing Mallory," he said. "Thoughts of causing her pain kept entering my mind and were really bothering me. But then I'd think about the times she hurt my feelings."
He later knocked on her bedroom door and asked her to watch the comedy movie "Water Boy."
Then he changed his plans.
"After a while, I thought to myself that if I were to kill my mom and Mallory, I wouldn't want them to feel anything, so I decided to kill them both with the .22 revolver I stole from my Grandpa," he wrote.
He said he thought about it some more.
"I then spent probably over an hour walking nervously around the house thinking how life will never be the same and how I would never see them again," he wrote.
He said he knocked on sister's door again and told her their mother needed her.
"She came out and out of the corner of her eye she saw me pointing the gun at her," he said. "She thought I was joking and told me that I was freaking her out. I shot her in the back and then the head." He then went to the study and shot his mother three times.
"In shock, I ran to my room and was screaming at the top of my lungs that I am really messed up and that I killed my mom and sister," he wrote.
"As I emptied the shells on my bed, I heard noizes (sic) and realized that Mallory was still alive," he said. "While I loaded the gun back up, I was shouting that I was sorry and then ran as fast as I could to kill her. I made sure my mom was dead and shot her again in the head."
He said he placed the gun on the counter and called 911.
Sheriff's deputies found the bodies of his mother and sister and arrested him.
In the last lines of his confession, he wrote: "I know now though that I'm done with killing. It's the most dreadful and terrifying thing I will ever experience. And what happened last night will haunt my forever."
And as a youth I watched many horror films and yet I didn't kill anybody. Go figure.
Yup. Just like millions own guns and don't kill anyone.
Well, I guess it's a good thing he didn't read Titus Andronicus.
What if he got the idea from reading a book? No books, no murders?
Guns don't kill people. Movies don't kill people. Psychopathic assholes kill people.
Yes. Or heard it from a friend. No friend, no murders. It just shows the absurdity of going after guns as a cause. It takes a sick mind to do something like this, and it is pretty stupid to blame movies, books or friends, or guns. But since the left is looking to place blame, here is a clear-cut opportunity to do so.
Exactly. But in our society blaming psychotic people for the murders doesn't work, because that doesn't help the government control more of our lives.
Why of course not silly. And soon, planty of 'conservatives' will be here to explain why movies and video games cause people to kill, and should be regulated, but books and guns should not.
I know, I know...I don't get their 'logic' either. But it makes them 'feel' better to say so. Sorta like libs.
The kid was/is a pshycopath.
He is a sociopath, this kid was messed up long before he watched that movie. He isn't expressing remorse, he is spouting what he thinks remorse should sound like.
There's a movie out now about this exact thing: http://www.imdb.com/title/tt1785277/
"A Thousand Cuts" a Lionsgate production, sort of like Asylum films but, uh, classier, sort of like Lady Gaga is classier than Madonna, I suppose.
This is self-absolving frog snot.
The punk is looking for leniency by pushing the 'somebody else is responsible for my actions" crap.
Total, manipulative psycho-babble.
Just as bogus, as Ted Bundy saying that watching porn made him want to kill women, right before he rode the lightning.
He just wanted to know what it would feel like. Aww, he's such a curious little boy.
Pay attention single mothers, you could be raising the next murderer.
A vacuum will be filled, and if it isn't filled with anything good then it will be filled with something else.
/clearly directed at the monster, not the Freeper who posted this.
No kidding. As industrial strength angry I got at my siblings and parents, it NEVER occurred to me to kill them.
I don't think the movie caused the focus and obsession with killing. I think this kid's focus and obsession with killing caused him to watch those types of movies.
Now he's throwing himself on the mercy of the court because he's a an orphan (sniff).
Guns don't kill people—Movies kill people! Ban Movie Violence!
I fail to see what purpose is served by keeping him alive.
I fail to see what purpose is served by keeping him alive.
A predisposition to violence (whether obvious or not in this case), plus a trigger, equals murder.
Little $#!+s like this are why the courts should allow execution of "youthful offenders."
Preferably a long, painful (but not unusual) death - like burning to death. Prep him for hell.
Same here, I have two younger sisters, we always tooth and nail, of course now we don't, but the idea of killing my family I can't even fathom.
Evil is well at work, those that say there is no spiritual warfare going on are blind.
correction *we always fought tooth and nail*
"But it is interesting to note that the idea, and the subsequent motivation, for killing his family came from a Hollywood film. No movie, no murders."
Nonsense. Millions of people watched that movie, and we do not have millions of murders like this because of it. Obviously, the movie is not driving people to kill. This kid already had a notion to do this before he watched the movie, whether he put that in his confession or not.
Exactly. But we are not allowed to blame crazy individuals. The kid obviously has some serious mental issues, with this kind of cold-blooded premeditated killing of those closest to him. I cannot fathom the thinking process that went on in his head that lead to this.
The libs are always looking to place blame somewhere else, so here is a golden opportunity for them to blame Hollywood...one murder is one too many, according to the gun grabbers, so then surely their own logic applies to them? This case shows the absurdity of seeking to blame anything but the individual.
Disclaimer: Opinions posted on Free Republic are those of the individual posters and do not necessarily represent the opinion of Free Republic or its management. All materials posted herein are protected by copyright law and the exemption for fair use of copyrighted works.

subset: commoncrawl


text:
Under a new proposed national curriculum, it has been subjected that children will be taught ways to grow and cook food. As a part of the curriculum, a city MP has taken up the initiative to teach children.
It has been reported that Stoke-on-Trent North MP Joan Walley has termed that national food system is failing, after encountering a major setback of an increase number of cases, which depict large number of children affected by obesity.
Nevertheless, it has been proposed that a call for ban on junk food advertisements, which specifically target the younger generation, has been made.
Ms Walley said, "Food system is failing. Obesity and diet-related illness is on the increase, fewer young people are being taught how to cook or grow food, and advertisers are targeting kids with junk food adverts on the internet".
At the same time, she emphasized that demands for food security are at a rise, with population on a rise and even climatic conditions have become unpredictable, as a consequence of forest destruction and over-use of fossil fuel.
However, government seems to be unconvinced with the thought of organizing such events, yet the team organizing such events is clear to make a move forward to help tackle obesity problem.
Canada News
- Fire threatens entire city in Alberta
- Authorities order evacuation of entire city in Alberta due to wildfire
- Mitel Networks Corp of Canada to Buy Polycom Inc for Almost $2 Billion
- Reportedly Bombardier Inc. is Nearing a Deal with Delta for C Series Jetliners
- Review shows alcohol has no net health benefits


text:
From the episode "Abu Dhabi" of Cabin Pressure!
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CHICAGO – The stage play that Harry Lennix is in town to direct – "A Small Oak Tree Runs Red" – is in its last weekend, and is giving the actor/director the best notices of the theater part in his long and successful career. For more information about the play, and ticket availability, click here.
Avenging Angel
Interview: Betsy Russell Completes the Jigsaw Puzzle in 'Saw 3D'Submitted by PatrickMcD on October 27, 2010 - 1:18pm
CHICAGO – Betsy Russell possibly made one of the greatest feature film debut moments in movie history. In the early VHS and cable days, no one can ever forget her epic horse ride in "Private School." It's great to have Betsy back, adding her legacy to the incredibly successful "Saw" horror franchise, this time in "Saw 3D."


text: Bob Dylan's Christmas IdyllRyan Tate8/26/09 11:26amFiled to: BrandingBob DylanChristmasMusicCelebrity-industrial complexWtf31EditInvite manuallyPromoteDismissUndismissHideShare to KinjaToggle Conversation toolsGo to permalink Here's the cover to Bob Dylan's forthcoming Christmas album. Proceeds go to charity; as Vulture notes, this lends hope the project won't be commercially corrupted and critically panned. We still wish the sleigh driver had a harmonica holder or something.After all, a Dylan flourish would make the disc all the more gift-able!Reply31 repliesLeave a reply


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per - 2007-01-09
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Tour de las Americas
PGA Tour Latinoamérica releases inagural schedule
players are already exempt for the season, with another 10 gaining membership based upon their performance on the Tour de las Americas whose season concludes June 3. The total purse for the inaugural season is $1.43 million. A to-be-determined
Notes Nicklaus Sorenstam makes co-bid for Olympic course
hope we can work a deal." There figures to be no shortage of architects. Henrique Lavie, commissioner of the Tour de las Americas , said last month that already some dozen course design companies have shown an interest. "There's not a public
Notes Harrington to undergo knee surgery
Henrique Lavie was more involved than usual in meetings during The Players Championship. He is commissioner of Tour de las Americas , and while that is among golf's smallest circuits, it is becoming more important than ever. The Olympics in Brazil
Panama Kicks Off Record Season on Nationwide
Miguel Carballo of Argentina, who gained entry into the field as the eighth and final sponsor exemption from the Tour de las Americas , overcame a five-shot deficit the last day to become the first player from Argentina to win on the Nationwide
Tour Back In Mexico For Michelin Guadalajara Classic
Classic. The majority of the starting field will be made up of Canadian Tour members, with 29 spots being filled by Tour de Las Americas and Mexican Tour players. The remainder of the field is comprised of sponsors exemptions and four Monday qualifiers
European Challenge Tour Begins
Costa Rica Open - its first visit to Costa Rica. The Costa Rica Open is the first event co-sanctioned with the Tour de las Americas . Others are the Abierto de Guatemala Feb. 6-9 and the Los Encinos Open in Mexico Feb. 13-16. After three
Fretes Edges Out Kuchar in Mexican Playoff
Kuchar of America in the final round of the Mexican Masters in Guadalajara, Mexico. Part of the Lucent Technologies Tour de las Americas , the Masters was sent into a playoff this year, and was not decided until the fifth extra hole. After finishing


text:
|Publication number
|Publication type
|Application number
|Publication date
|Apr 9, 1991
|Filing date
|Nov 8, 1988
|Priority date
|Nov 13, 1987
|Fee status
|Also published as
|Publication number
|Yasushi Itaba, Yutaka Yoshifuji, Takayoshi Kondo, Minoru Izawa, Ichiro Sakamoto, Tadao Yoshino
|Original Assignee
|Toa Neryo Kogyo Kabushiki Kaisha
|Export Citation
|BiBTeX, EndNote, RefMan
|Patent Citations (5), Referenced by (23), Classifications (25), Legal Events (4)
|External Links: USPTO, USPTO Assignment, Espacenet
1. Field of the Invention
This invention relates to a polyethylene composite film suitable for packaging, which is superior in moisture-proofness, flexocracking resistance, tearability and heat sealability.
2. Description of the Prior Art
Up to the present time, as conventional packaging films have been known three layer structures each consisting of a surface layer of a heat resisting material such as paper, polyethylene terephthalate film (PETP), biaxially oriented polypropylene film (OPP), cellophane, oriented polyamide film (OPA) or the like, an intermediate layer of a gas barrier material such as saponified ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer film (saponified EVA), aluminum foil (Al) or the like, and a sealant layer. However, these surface layers meet with the problems that the flexocracking resistance, moistureproofness and tearability are not sufficient to make up the performance of the intermediate layer and the surface layers need provision of sealant layers in uses, for example, gusset bags in which surface layer materials must have sealability each other, thus resulting in increase of the production cost, since the surface layers have no sealability.
On the other hand, a polyethylene film excellent in moisture proofness, clarity and tearability has been proposed which is crosslinked and oriented in such a manner that the degree of crosslinking is specified in the thickness direction (Japanese Laid-Open Publication Nos. 174321/1984 and 174322/1984). However, this crosslinked and oriented polyethylene film has excellent properties as a packaging film, but the heat sealability of this film itself or a laminated film using this film as a sealant is not always sufficient, in particular, in the case of making a heat-sealed bag by contacting the film with a heat sealing bar at a high temperature at a high speed.
Furthermore, a polyethylene composite film has also been proposed which consists of a crosslinked and oriented polyethylene film excellent in moistureproofness and clarity, having a specified degree of crosslinking in the thickness direction of the film, and a sealant layer of a low density polyethylene (Japanese Patent Laid-Open Publication No. 171149/1985). However, this polyethylene composite film has also a disadvantage in the heat sealability of the films one another.
As a film with a good tearability, cellophane or longitudinally or laterally monoaxially oriented polyethylene film (MOPE) has been known. However, the cellophane surely has a good self tearability property, but the straight line tearability is not good, and the monoaxially oriented polyethylene film has the disadvantage that the straight line tearability is good, but a clear tearability is hardly obtained because of tendency of occurrence of fibrils during cutting.
A standing pouch using a packaging film, of the conventional packagings, needs the straight line tearability. To this end, for example, there have been proposed laminated films with lamination structures of polyester film (PET film)/aluminum foil (Al foil)/MOPE film/non-oriented polypropylene film (CPP film) and PET film biaxially oriented nylon film (O-Ny film)/MOPE film/low density polyethylene film (LDPE film). However, these laminated films have also disadvantage of occurrence of fibrils and accordingly, it has eagerly been desired to develop a packaging film with more excellent linear and clear tearability.
It is an object of the present invention to provide a polyethylene composite film having excellent properties, whereby the disadvantages of the prior art can be overcome.
It is another object of the present invention to provide a polyethylene composite film suitable for packaging, which is superior in moistureproofness, flexocracking, resistance, tearability and heat sealability.
These objects can be attained by a polyethylene composite film comprising an oriented polyethylene film such that the degree of crosslinking inwardly decreases across the thickness of the film and at least one lamination layer, provided on one side of the oriented polyethylene film, consisting of a lamination material having a heat shrinkage of at most 5% at 120° C., in particular, 5% at 140° C.
The inventors have made studies to develop a polyethylene composite film suitable for packaging and consequently, have found that the use of an oriented polyethylene film such that the degree of crosslinking inwardly decreases across the thickness of the film is effective. The present invention based on this finding.
Accordingly, the present invention provides a polyethylene composite film comprising (A) an oriented polyethylene film (hereinafter referred to as "BOPE" film simply) such that the degree of cross-linking inwardly decrease across the thickness of the film and at least one (B) lamination layer, provided on one side of BOPE film, consisting of a lamination material having a heat shrinkage of less than 5% at 120° C. (hereinafter referred to as "lamination material" simply).
In preferred embodiments of the present invention, (i) one side of the lamination material is provided with (C) a sealant layer, (ii) one side of the lamination material is provided with the BOPE film and (iii) the other side of the BOPE film (A) is provided with (C) a sealant layer.
In the present invention, the BOPE film as a basic or substrate layer is a biaxially oriented polyethylene film in which the degree of crosslinking decreases inwardly from each surface of the film reaching a minimum near the middle of the film. The degree of crosslinking is expressed in terms of gel fraction defined by the quantity of insoluble matters which are left undissolved when a sample is extracted with boiling p-xylene. The gel fraction is 0 to 5% in the middle layer portion where the degree of crosslinking is lowest and the gel fraction is 5% or more, preferably 20 to 70% in the opposite surface layer portions where the degree of crosslinking is highest. More preferably, both the outer layer portions have a same degree of crosslinking and there are formed crosslinked layer/uncrosslinked layer/crosslinked layer in the thickness direction of the film, the ratio of uncrosslinked layer: each crosslinked layer being 1:0.1 to 10. The draw ratio should preferably be greater than 3 times in one direction. That is, the stock sheet is preferably stretched biaxially with an area magnification of greater than 9 times.
The above described BOPE film is suitably selected depending on the use. When a moistureproofness, tearability and bending pinhole proofness are required, for example, it is preferable to use a high density polyethylene base with a density of at least 0.935 g/cm3.
This BOPE film has superior properties, in particular, a water vapor transmission rate (Y) (JIS Z 0208, temperature 40° C., relative humidity 90%) of lower than a numerical value obtained from the following formula,
in which Y represents the water vapor transmission rate (g/m2 /24 hours) and X represents the thickness (μm) of the oriented film, and a haze value of lower than 5%.
When using the BOPE film as a sealant layer, a linear low density polyethylene capable of maintaining less curled a laminated film and heat sealing at a low temperature can be used as a raw material.
The thickness of the BOPE film is selected suitably depending on the object and use, but generally in the range of about 10 to 200 μm. The BOPE film can be coated with aluminum by vapor deposition or with polyvinylidene chloride (PVDC) called K-coat.
The above described BOPE film can be produced by processes, for example, disclosed in Japanese Patent Laid-Open Publication Nos. 174322/1984 and 74819/1986, incorporated herein by reference. Polyethylene with various densities can be used therefor and from the standpoint of improving the moistureproofness, it is preferable to use, for example, polyethylenes having a density of at least 0.935 g/cm3, a melt index (JIS K 6760, measured at a temperature of 190° C. and a load of 2.16 kg, referred to as "MI") of 0.5 to 20 g/10 min and a ratio of high load melt index (JIS K 6760, measured at a temperature of 190° C. and a load of 21.6 kg, referred to as "HLMI")/MI in the range of 40 to 200. Furthermore, petroleum resins of hydrogenation type are preferably added thereto and these polyethylenes can be used in combination. Such a high density polyethylene is fed to a commonly used extruder and formed into a flat or tubular stock sheet by melt extrusion, crosslinked by irradiating both the surfaces of the stock sheet with electron beam in such a manner that the degree of crosslinking inwardly decreases in the thickness direction of the stock sheet, and then biaxially stretched at a temperature of lower than the melting point of polyethylene.
As the lamination material in the present invention, there can be used paper, Al foil, cellophane, heat resisting resin films, etc. Examples of the paper are coated papers, bleaching wrapping papers, wrapping tissues, converted papers for smoothly planed boards or food vessels and the like. The Al foil has preferably a thickness of about 7 to 12 μm. As the cellophane, those of about 22 μm thick are preferably used. Examples of the heat resisting resin films are those of polyesters, polyamides, polyimides, polyparabanic acids, ethylene-polyvinyl alcohol copolymers, polypropylene (OPP) and the like. Among these heat resisting resin films, PET films are particularly preferable from the standpoint of heat resistance and bag or pouch making speed. The heat resisting resin film has preferably a thickness of about 12 to 50 μm.
The basic structure of the polyethylene composite film according to the present invention consists in a laminated film comprising (A) the BOPE film as a basic or substrate layer and (B) at least one of the lamination layers of paper, Al foil or heat resisting resin film. In this case, moreover, the other side of the lamination layer can be provided with (C) a sealant layer.
The other basic structure of the polyethylene composite film according to the present invention consists in a laminated film comprising (A) the BOPE film as a basic or substrate layer, (B) at least one of the lamination layers provided on one side of the BOPE film and (C) a sealant layer provided on the other side of the BOPE film. In this case, moreover, a barrier layer such as of Al foil, etc. can be provided between the BOPE film (A) and the lamination layer (B) or the sealant layer (C).
For the sealant layer (C) of the present invention, low density polyethylene (LDPE), linear low density polyethylene (LLDPE), ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer (EVA), ethylene-ethyl acrylate copolymer (EEA), ionomer, polypropylene (non-oriented film), etc. can be used and these are suitably chosen depending on the use. The sealant layer has preferably a thickness of about 10 to 50 μm.
In the present invention, lamination of the BOPE film (A) as a basic layer with the lamination material (B) such as paper, Al foil, cellophane or heat resisting resin film or with the sealant layer (C) can be carried out by any of (1) wet laminate method, (2) hot melt laminate method, (3) dry laminate method and (4) extrusion coating laminated method.
The thickness of the thus laminated polyethylene composite film, which should suitably be chosen depending on the object and use, is generally in the range of about 20 to 300 μm.
The polyethylene composite film of the present invention has advantages that heat sealing the BOPE films each other is possible, the moistureproofness, linear or clear tearability and flexocracking resistance are excellent and a sufficient heat sealing strength can be given without shrinkage even when contacted with a heat sealing bar at a high temperature at a high speed. By combination with the various lamination materials, these effects or functions can further be increased. In the combination with Al foil, for example, the moistureproofness can further be improved while making up the pinhole resistance of the Al foil. In the combination with paper, an appearance characteristic of the paper is given while further increasing the moistureproofness of the paper. In addition, the BOPE film can be given a cold glue sealability of paper. In the combination with a lamination material having a gas barrier property, such as ethylene-polyvinyl alcohol copolymer, the gas barrier property at a high temperature and high humidity can be improved. In the combination with PET or cellophane, the optical property can be given.
The polyethylene composite film of the present invention is useful as various packaging materials because of the excellent properties as described above, in particular, gusset bags or cases materials using the BOPE film as a surface layer, bags using the BOPE film as a sealing layer, packaging materials for standing pouches, raw materials for making bags at a high speed, etc. Furthermore, the composite film of the present invention can be used for making other bags such as fashion bags and pouches, and vessels such as trays, containers, boxes, cartons, tubes, paper wears, etc.
In particular, the polyethylene composite film of the present invention can favorably be applied to production of laminated tubes, easy open trays, containers, cases, easily tearable pouches and paper wears.
For example, a laminated tube is produced by shaping into a tubular form a polyethylene composite film consisting of an Al foil or ethylene-vinyl alcohol copolymer film both the surfaces of which are coated with relatively thick BOPE films with a thickness of about 80 μm or another composite film consisting of this polyethylene composite film both the surfaces of which are further provided with sealant layers such as those of LLDPE and LDPE, bonding the side connection part and bottom by heat-sealing or using an adhesives and then bonding to the top a cover having an opening for discharging a content. The thus resulting tube is composed of less laminated layers and excellent in pinhole proofness, which can favorably be used for drugs, cosmetics, foods, adhesives, etc.
An easy open tray or container is produced by forming into a tray or container a polyethylene composite film consisting of a relatively thick BOPE film with a thickness of about 80 μm and an ethylene-vinyl alcohol copolymer (EVAL) film in such a manner that the BOPE film be inside to function as a sealant layer and combining a cover consisting of a composite film having a sealant layer of LLDPE, LDPE or PP, such as LDPE/EVAL/BOPE film by heat-sealing the BOPE film surface and sealant layer surface to obtain a packaging vessel, which is very useful as a food vessel because of having excellent gas barrier property, moistureproofness, pinhole proofness and clarity and further easily opening.
An easily tearable pouch is produced by a method comprising combining the polyethylene composite films of the present invention in such a manner that the sealant layers are faced each other and making a bag, characterized in that a number of cuts are provided are previously provided at the sealing parts of this bag at a constant interval in same directions and then heat-pressing and bonding the sealing parts at a temperature of higher than the melting point of the sealant.
A paper wear is generally composed of an outer layer consisting of an oriented polyethylene film such that the degree of crosslinking inwardly decreases across the thickness of the film and an inner layer consisting of a paper, the sealing parts being bonded with an adhesives.
The following examples are given in order to illustrate the present invention in detail without limiting the same. Test methods employed herein are as follows:
(1) Water Vapor Transmission Rate
JIS Z 0208, temperature 40° C., relative humidity 90%
(2) Haze
(3) Heat Sealing Strength
(4) Heat Shrinkage
Two test pieces (10 mm width ×350 mm length, taken in the longitudinal and lateral directions) marked at 10 mm length and 310 mm length were allowed to stand in a thermostat using air at 140° C. or 120° C. for 10 minutes and the heat shrinkages of these test pieces were obtained from the length of the test piece Lo before heating and the length L1 after heating by the following relationship:
Heat Shrinkage=[(L0 -L1)/L0 ×100
(5) Gel Fraction
ASTM D 2765, Method A
(6) Number of Pinholes after Flexocracking
Using a Gelvoflex Tester--commercial name--made by Rigaku Kogyo KK, the number of pinholes of a test piece were counted after bending the test piece 100 times at 440° angle reciprocation/cycle and 40 cycles/min.
(7) High Temperature Heat Sealing Property
The state of a sealed part at a heat sealing bar temperature of 200° C. was observed to give results indicated by no shrinkage O, somewhat shrinkage Δ and marked shrinkage x.
(8) Tearability
When cutting I-type notch by hands, a linearly cut sample was indicated by O and others by x. When cutting, a sample giving a clear cut section was indicated by O, a sample giving a slightly notched section by Δ, and others by x (Examples 1 to 18, Comparative Examples 1 to 8).
(9) Tearability
When cutting I-type notch by hands, a linearly cut sample was indicated by O and others by x. When cutting, a sample giving a clear cut section free from fibrils was indicated by O and another sample meeting with occurrence of fibrils, by x (Examples 19 to 26 and Comparative Examples 9 to 12).
(1) High density polyethylene (density: 0.957 g/cc, MI: 1.0 g/10 min, melting point: 154° C. (134° C.) was fed to a T-die extrusion sheet shaping machine and shaped in a flat stock sheet with a thickness of 480 μm (600 μm). Both the surfaces of this stock sheet were irradiated by electron beam of 20 Mrad under conditions of 150 KV (165 KV)-8 mA using an electron beam irradiator (made by ESI Co.) in a nitrogen atmosphere.
The gradient of the degree of crosslinking across the thickness of the stock sheet was estimated in the following manner. 24 pieces (30 pieces) of 20 μm thick films were laid on top of another to make a 480 μm (600 μm) thick test piece, which was then irradiated under the same conditions as described above. After irradiation, the test piece was taken apart and the degree of crosslinking of the individual films was examined to find that the maximum gel fraction was 50% in the outer irradiated layer and the minimum gel fraction was 0% in the inner layer. The irradiated stock sheet was found to be composed of a crosslinked outer layer/uncrosslinked inner layer/crosslinked outer layer, the ratio of their thickness being 1:1.75:1.
The crosslinked stock sheet was heated at 120° C. and then stretched 4 times (400% by length) in the longitudinal direction and 6 times (600% by length) in the lateral direction sequentially by using a tenter-type biaxial stretching machine, thus obtaining a 20 μm (25 μm) thick oriented film BOHD-1 (BOHD-3) having the properties as shown in Table 1 (Table 2).
The data described in the parentheses correspond to those of BOHD-3.
(2) An oriented film BOHD-2 was obtained in the same manner as in the above described production of the film BOHD-1, except changing the dosage of electron beam in 15 Mrad. The properties of BOHD-2 are shown in Table 1.
(3) An oriented film BOLL was obtained in the same manner as in the above described production of the film BOHD-1, except using linear low density polyethylene (density: 0.924 g/cm3, MI: 2.0 g/10 min) instead of the high density polyethylene and changing the dosage of electron beam in 10 Mrad. The properties of the resulting film BOLL are shown in Table 1.
(4) Oriented films BOHD-4 and BOHD-5 were obtained in the same manner as in the above described production of the film BOHD-3 except changing the stretching temperature, draw ratio in longitudinal direction (MD) and lateral direction (TD) and stock sheet thickness as shown in Table 2. The properties of these films BOHD-4 and BOHD-5 are shown in Table 2.
TABLE 1__________________________________________________________________________ StretchingDegree of Crosslinking of Stock Sheet Conditions Oriented FilmCrosslinked Layer: Gel Fraction Draw Water VaporUncrosslinked Layer: Irradiated Irradiated Temper- Ratio Thick- TransmissionBOPE Crosslinked Layer Surface Minimum Surface ature (MD × ness Rate HazeFilms(ratio) (%) (%) (%) (°C.) TD) (μ) (g/m2 /24) (%)__________________________________________________________________________BOHD-11:1.75:1 50 0 50 127 4 × 6 20 3.6 2.7BOHD-21:1.75:1 35 0 35 125 4 × 6 20 3.3 4.0BOLL 1:1.75:1 25 0 25 120 4 × 6 20 14.0 1.5__________________________________________________________________________
TABLE 2__________________________________________________________________________ Water Vapor Stock Sheet Stretching Film Transmission Thickness Temperature Draw Ratio Thickness Haze RateBOHD Films (μm) (°C.) (MD × TD) (μm) (%) (g/m2 /24 hr)__________________________________________________________________________BOHD-3 600 127 4 × 6 25 2.9 2.9BOHD-4 600 129 6 × 4 25 3.3 3.2BOHD-5 480 127 4 × 6 20 2.7 3.6__________________________________________________________________________
Basic Layer: (1) BOHD-1 film, (2) BOHD-2 film, (3) BOLL film
Lamination Layer: (1) Fine paper (50 g/m2), (2) Al foil (9 μm), (3) EVAL-F (15 μm, made by Kurarey Co., commercial name), (4) PETP film (12 μm), (5) Cellophane (22 μm), (6) Al vapor deposited PETP film (12 μm), (7) LDPE film (30 μm), (8) LLDPE film (30 μm), (9) OPP film (20 μm)
The above described lamination materials (1) to (6) had a heat shrinkage at 140° C. of less than 5%. The above described basic layers and lamination materials were combined so as to give layer structures as shown in Table 3, and bonded and laminated by a wet lamination method using adhesives of EVA emulsion type or acrylic type, a dry lamination method using adhesives of urethane type or an extrusion coating lamination method. The properties of these composite films are shown in Table 3.
TABLE 3__________________________________________________________________________ Layer Structure of Film Heat Sealing Strength (basic layer/ (kg/15 mm) lamination material) Lamination Method BOPE side Sealant__________________________________________________________________________ sideExampleNo. 1 BOHD-1/Paper Wet Lami. (EVA type) 0.75 -- 2 BOHD-1/Paper/LDPE Dry Lami. (Urethane type)/Extrusion 0.75* 1.2 Lami 3 BOHD-1/A1/LLDPE Dry Lami. (Urethane type)/Dry Lami. 0.75* 2.7 (Urethane type) 4 BOHD-1/A1 deposited Dry Lami. (Urethane type)/Dry Lami. 0.75* 3.0 PETP/LLDPE (Urethane type) 5 BOHD-1/EVAL/LDPE Dry Lami. (Urethane type)/Dry Lami. 0.65* 2.8 (Urethane type) 6 BOHD-1/PETP Dry Lami. (Urethane type) 0.7 -- 7 BOHD-2/PETP " 0.9 -- 8 BOLL/PETP " 1.0 -- 9 BOHD-1/A1/PETP Dry Lami. (Urethane type)/Dry Lami. 0.7 -- (Urethane type)10 BOHD-1/A1/Paper Dry Lami. (Urethane type)/Wet Lami. 0.6 -- (Acrylic type)11 BOHD-1/Cellophane Dry Lami. (Urethane type) 0.65 --12 PETP/A1 deposited.BOHD-1 " 0.7 --13 BOHD-1/Paper/BOHD-1 Dry Lami. (Urethane type)/Dry Lami. 0.75 -- (Urethane type)14 BOHD-1/PETP/BOHD-1 Dry Lami. (Urethane type)/Dry Lami. 0.7 -- (Urethane type)15 BOHD-1/A1/BOHD-1 Dry Lami. (Urethane type)/Dry Lami. 0.7 -- (Urethane type)16 BOHD-1/A1/BOHD-1/LLDPE Dry Lami. (Urethane type)/Dry Lami. 0.7 2.8 (Urethane type)/Dry Lami. (Urethane type)17 BOHD-1/EVAL/BOHD-1 Dry Lami. (Urethane type)/Dry Lami. 0.6 -- (Urethane type)18 LLDPE/BOHD-1/A1/ Dry Lami./Dry Lami./Dry Lami./ -- 3.0 BOHD-1/LLDPE Dry Lami.ComparativeExample1 BOHD-1 -- impossible -- (shrink)2 PETP/LDPE Extrusion Lami. impossible 1.03 Paper/LDPE " " 1.14 PETP/A1/LDPE Dry Lami. (Urethane type)/Dry Lami. " 1.3 (Urethane type)5 PETP/Paper/LLDPE Dry Lami. (Urethane type)/Dry Lami. " 3.0 (Urethane type)6 PETP/A1/LLDPE Dry Lami. (Urethane type)/Dry Lami. " 3.0 (Urethane type)7 BOHD-1/LDPE Extrusion Lami. impossible 1.1 (shrink)8 BOHD-1/OPP Dry Lami. (Urethane type) impossible -- (shrink)__________________________________________________________________________ Water Vapor Pinholes due Transmission to Flexocrack- Example Rate ing Tearability No. (g/m2 /24 hrs) (No./m2) Linear Clear__________________________________________________________________________ 1 3.6 0 o Δ 2 3.2 0 o o 3 0.4 0 o o 4 0.5 0 o o 5 3.1 0 o o 6 3.4 0 o o 7 3.2 0 o o 8 12 3 o Δ 9 0.4 0 o o 10 0.4 0 o Δ 11 3.5 0 o o 12 0.5 0 o o 13 1.5 0 o Δ 14 1.4 0 o o 15 0.5 0 o o 16 0.5 0 o o 17 1.4 0 o o 18 0.4 0 o o Comparative Example 1 3.6 -- o o 2 18 45 x Δ 3 25 70 x x 4 0.4 35 x Δ 5 12 26 x Δ 6 0.4 30 x Δ 7 3.1 1 o o 8 2.1 0 o o__________________________________________________________________________ Note: *Heat Sealing Strength before laminating sealant layer.
Basic Layer: (1) BOHD-3 and BOHD-4 films, (2) Al vapor deposited BOHD-5 film (Al vapor deposition 600 Å), (3) K-coat BOHD-5 film, (4) Polyethylene monoaxially oriented film (made by Toyo Kagaku Co., Caralian --commercial name--, 25 μm), (5) Polyethylene monoaxially oriented film (made by Tokyo Cellophane Paper Co., Tocello O-PE --commercial name-- 25 μm, hereinafter referred to as OPE)
Lamination Material: (1) Fine paper (50 g/m2), (2) Polyethylene terephthalate film (PETP, 12 μm), (3) Al foil (9 μm), (4) OPP film (20 μm)
The above described lamination materials (1) to (4) had a heat shrinkage at 120° C. of less than 5%.
Sealant Layer: LDPE film (20 μm), LLDPE film (30 μm), CPP film (25 μm)
The above described basic layers, lamination materials and sealant layer were combined so as to give layer structures as shown in Table 4, and bonded and laminated by a wet lamination method using adhesives of EVA emulsion type or acrylic type, a dry lamination method using adhesives of urethane type, an extrusion coating lamination method or an extrusion sandwiching lamination method. The properties of these composite films are shown in Table 4.
TABLE 4__________________________________________________________________________Layer Structure of FilmExample(Lamination Material/No. Basic Layer/Sealant Layer) Lamination Method__________________________________________________________________________19 PETP/BOHD-3/LDPE Dry Lamination/Extrusion Lamination20 PETP/A1 deposited.BOHD-5/CPP Dry Lamination/Dry Lamination21 PETP/K coat.BOHD-5/LLDPE "22 PETP/A1/BOHD-4/CPP Dry Lami./Dry Lami./Dry Lami.23 Paper/BOHD-4/A1/LDPE Wet Lami./Dry Lami./Dry Lami.24 Paper/BOHD-3/LDPE Dry Lamination/Extrusion Lamination25 OPP/BOHD-1/LDPE "26 EVAL/BOHD-3/LDPE " 9 PETP/Caralian/LDPE Sandwich Lami./Extrusion Lami.10 PETP/A1/Caralian/CPP Dry Lami./Dry Lami./Dry Lami.11 PETP/A1/OPE/CPP "12 BOHD-3/LDPE Extrusion Lamination__________________________________________________________________________Heat SealabilityExampleStrength High temperature Water Vapor Transmission TearabilityNo. (kg/15 mm) Heat Seal Property Rate (g/m2 /24 hrs) Linear Clear__________________________________________________________________________19 1.0 o 2.5 o(1) o(1)20 2.7 o 0.5 o(1) o(1)21 3.0 o 1.5 o(1) o(1)22 2.6 o 0.4 o(2) o(2)23 2.8 o 0.4 o(2) o(2)24 1.3 o 2.6 o(1) o(1)25 1.2 Δ 1.8 o(1) o(1)26 1.2 Δ 2.5 o(1) o(1) 9 1.1 o 3.3 o(1) x10 2.7 o 0.4 o(1) x11 2.7 o 0.4 o(2) x12 1.1 x 2.6 o(1) o__________________________________________________________________________ [Note (1): T D direction (2): M D direction
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|U.S. Classification
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|International Classification
|Cooperative Classification
|European Classification
|Nov 8, 1988
Owner name: TOA NERYO KOGYO KABUSHIKI KAISHA, 1-1, HITOTSUBASH
Free format text: ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST.;ASSIGNORS:ITABA, YASUSHI;YOSHIFUJI, YUTAKA;KONDO, TAKAYOSHI;AND OTHERS;REEL/FRAME:004975/0726
Effective date: 19881031
|Nov 18, 1994
|Maintenance fee reminder mailed
|Apr 9, 1995
|Lapse for failure to pay maintenance fees
|Jun 20, 1995
|Expired due to failure to pay maintenance fee
Effective date: 19950412


text:
Original article
Increased quality and functionality of kimchi when fermented in Korean earthenware (onggi)
Version of Record online: 2 AUG 2011
DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2621.2011.02710.x
© 2011 The Authors. International Journal of Food Science and Technology © 2011 Institute of Food Science and Technology
International Journal of Food Science & Technology
Volume 46, Issue 10, pages 2015–2021, October 2011
Additional Information
How to Cite
Jeong, J.-K., Kim, Y.-W., Choi, H.-S., Lee, D. S., Kang, S.-A. and Park, K.-Y. (2011), Increased quality and functionality of kimchi when fermented in Korean earthenware (onggi). International Journal of Food Science & Technology, 46: 2015–2021. doi: 10.1111/j.1365-2621.2011.02710.x
Publication History
- Issue online: 14 SEP 2011
- Version of Record online: 2 AUG 2011
- (Received 24 December 2010; Accepted in revised form 28 May 2011)
- Abstract
- Article
- References
- Cited By
- Fermentation;
- kimchi;
- onggi;
- porosity
Kimchi was fermented in onggi and other containers at 4 °C for 4 weeks. Two types of onggi were used: glazed and nonglazed onggi. Other containers such as polyethylene plastic containers, polypropylene containers for use in a kimchi refrigerator, stainless steel and glass bottles were used. During the fermentation, kimchi fermented in onggi showed relatively stable acidity change compared with those in the other containers. Also it showed higher lactic acid bacteria multiplication (108–109 cfu g−1 at 4th week) but slower general aerobic bacteria multiplication than the others. The springiness of kimchi fermented in onggi was more than 50% at 4th week, it is higher than the others. Its carbonic acid taste and overall acceptability were excellent in sensory evaluations. The antioxidative and cancer-cell antiproliferative activities were also greater in kimchi fermented in onggi than the others. Between the two types of onggi, nonglazed onggi showed better results in both properties and functionalities of kimchi. Onggi showed higher gas permeability than polyethylene plastic containers and glass bottles because of its porous structure, and lactic acid bacteria could have benefited from this condition. It possibly contributes to optimal ripening of kimchi resulting in better properties, especially texture and taste, and health functionalities.


text:
Kevin DeYoung (MDiv, Gordon-Conwell Theological Seminary) is senior pastor at University Reformed Church in East Lansing, Michigan, and chancellor's professor of systematic and historical theology at Reformed Theological Seminary. He blogs at the Gospel Coalition and has authored or coauthored numerous well-known books such as Just Do Something, The Hole in Our Holiness, Taking God At His Word, What Does the Bible Really Teach about Homosexuality?, and The Biggest Story, as well as the award-winning books Why We're Not Emergent, Why We Love the Church (with Ted Kluck), and Crazy Busy.
D. A. Carson (PhD, Cambridge University) is research professor of New Testament at Trinity Evangelical Divinity School, where he has taught since 1978. He is president of the Gospel Coalition, and has written or edited nearly 60 books including Scandalous, Memoirs of an Ordinary Pastor, and The Difficult Doctrine of the Love of God. He and his wife, Joy, have two children and live in the north suburbs of Chicago.
Russell Moore (PhD, The Southern Baptist Theological Seminary) is the eighth president of the Ethics & Religious Liberty Commission of the Southern Baptist Convention, the moral and public policy agency of the nation's largest Protestant denomination. A widely-sought commentator, Dr. Moore has been called "vigorous, cheerful, and fiercely articulate" by the Wall Street Journal. He is the author of several books, including Onward, The Kingdom of Christ, Adopted for Life, and Tempted and Tried, and he blogs regularly at RussellMoore.com and tweets at @drmoore. He and his wife, Maria, have five sons.
Tim Challies, a self-employed web designer, is a pioneer in the Christian blogosphere, having one of the most widely read and recognized Christian blogs. He is also editor of Discerning Reader, a site dedicated to offering thoughtful reviews of books that are of interest to Christians.
Justin Taylor (PhD, The Southern Baptist Theological Seminary) is executive vice president of book publishing and book publisher at Crossway. He has edited and contributed to several books including A God-Entranced Vision of All Things and Reclaiming the Center, and he blogs at Between Two Worlds—hosted by the Gospel Coalition.
Collin Hansen is editorial director for The Gospel Coalition and was previously an associate editor for Christianity Today. He has written for Books & Culture, Leadership, and Christian History & Biography, and is the author of Young, Restless, and Reformed.
Jonathan Leeman (MDiv, Southern Baptist Theological Seminary) is an elder at Capitol Hill Baptist in Washington, DC. He serves as director of communications for 9Marks and is the editor of its eJournal. Leeman is the author of The Church and the Surprising Offense of God's Love and has been published in several major newspapers and Christian periodicals. He is currently a PhD candidate in theology at the University of Wales.
Greg Gilbert (MDiv, The Southern Baptist Theological Seminary) is senior pastor at Third Avenue Baptist Church in Louisville, Kentucky. He is the author of What Is the Gospel?, James: A 12-Week Study, and Who Is Jesus?, and is the co-author (with Kevin DeYoung) of What Is the Mission of the Church?.
Owen Strachan (PhD, Trinity Evangelical Divinity School) is associate professor of Christian theology and director of the Theological and Cultural Engagement at Midwestern Baptist Theological Seminary. He also serves as president of the Council on Biblical Manhood and Womanhood.
Thabiti M. Anyabwile (MS, North Carolina State University) is a pastor at Anacostia River Church in Washington, D. C. and the author of numerous books, including What is a Healthy Church Member?, The Faithful Preacher, and Finding Faithful Elders and Deacons. He serves as a council member with the Gospel Coalition, is a lead writer for 9Marks Ministries, and regularly blogs at Pure Church, hosted by the Gospel Coalition. He and his wife, Kristie, have been married for over twenty years and have three children.
Denny Burk (PhD, The Southern Baptist Theological Seminary) is professor of biblical studies at Boyce College, the undergraduate arm of the Southern Baptist Theological Seminary. He also serves as associate pastor at Kenwood Baptist Church in Louisville, Kentucky. Burk edits The Journal for Biblical Manhood & Womanhood and speaks and writes extensively about gender and sexuality. He keeps a popular blog at DennyBurk.com.
David Mathis serves as executive editor at desiringGod.org, pastor at Cities Church, and adjunct professor at Bethlehem College and Seminary. He and his wife, Megan, have three children.
Andrew David Naselli (PhD, Bob Jones University; PhD, Trinity Evangelical Divinity School) is assistant professor of New Testament and biblical theology at Bethlehem College & Seminary in Minneapolis, Minnesota.
Eric C. Redmond (ThM, Dallas Theological Seminary) is assistant professor of Bible at Moody Bible Institute in Chicago, Illinois, and associate pastor of adult ministries at Calvary Memorial Church in Oak Park, Illinois. He previously served on the council of the Gospel Coalition. He is the author of Ephesians: A 12-Week Study and has contributed chapters to Glory Road and Don't Call It a Comeback.


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Tomorrow COS Live @ Bavarian Hard Festival
Hey people,
tomorrow 09 May we play at Bavarian Hard Festival.
Statetime 00:05 – 01:15
Hope to see you there!!
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