text:
|Publication number
|Publication type
|Application number
|Publication date
|Jan 18, 1983
|Filing date
|Jun 8, 1981
|Priority date
|Jun 8, 1981
|Fee status
|Publication number
|David P. Andersen, Eugene P. Chicoine
|Original Assignee
|Sperry Corporation
|Export Citation
|BiBTeX, EndNote, RefMan
|Patent Citations (2), Non-Patent Citations (1), Referenced by (6), Classifications (7), Legal Events (8)
|External Links: USPTO, USPTO Assignment, Espacenet
The present invention relates to voiced communication systems and in particular to a ground-to-air communication system, whereby FSK encoded messages can be transmitted over a voiced radio band and from which transmissions the encoded messages can be decoded to produce voiced messages.
A major problem in most air traffic control centers is that over the years, as the amount of air traffic has increased, it has become more and more difficult for a ground controller to monitor each and every aircraft and keep the individual aircraft advised of their relative positions with respect to other aircraft within an area of space. While the individual aircraft are monitored by systems such as the Sperry Univac� Automatic VFR Advisory Service (AVAS) which employs the Automated Radar Tracking System (ARTS III) it becomes very difficult, due to the limited time bandwidth of the controller's radio channel, to communicate collision-avoidance messages to all pilots. This problem is especially critical during periods of high traffic density and during which periods traffic-warning messages are occasionally lost or delayed due to radio channel saturation. From the standpoint of air traffic safety, it is therefore highly desirable if the AVAS system were also able to automatically advise each pilot independent of controller action as well as to be able to transmit more messages in any given period of time. Such an improved system would also reduce the ground controllers workload, conserve radio channel use and increase the maneuvering time available to aircraft.
It is therefore a primary object of the present invention to transmit digital messages, via FSK encoded analog signals over a ground controller's voice radio band, to an identified aircraft and to decode the message and produce a voiced traffic warning to a pilot over his head set.
It is also an object of the present invention to accomplish the former objective using readily available circuitry but configuring the same in a system that has a vocabulary sufficient to accommodate the majority of the traffic-warning messages which might typically be transmitted from a ground controller.
It is a further object of the present invention to produce a system which is compatible with the Discrete Address Beacon System/Army Tactical Airspace Regulation System (DABS/ATARS) or with the Air Traffic Control Radar Beacon System (ATCRBS). Thus permitting the transmissions of alerts, warnings and resolutions in automatic or semi-automatic fashion.
These objects and others will become more apparent upon a reading of the hereinafter described appartus.
A ground-to-air voiced alerting system that enables the transmission of air traffic warning messages to identified aircraft over a voice radio band. The encoded messages, upon receipt, being digitally decoded and processed to produce the corresponding voiced message that is received by the pilot over his head set.
The system generally comprising an air traffic control system for monitoring air traffic and producing digital data indicative of the relative positional differences between aircraft. The system also comprising means responsively coupled to the digital data for producing an FSK encoded message and means for transmitting the FSK encoded signal as a series of audio tones over a controller's voice radio band. The system further comprising means for receiving the FSK encoded message and decoding the message via a voice generator that produces a voiced message to the pilot.
The voice generator, in turn, comprising analog-to-digital decoding means for receiving the audio signal and identifying particular aircraft. The voice generator further comprising means for processing the message by selecting adaptive differential pulse code modulated (ADPCM) encoded words from a vocabulary memory and converting the words into an analog format so that they may be understood by the pilot as a voiced message.
FIG. 1 is a generalized block diagram of the present improved ground-to-air air traffic warning system.
FIG. 2a is an example of the FSK message format.
FIG. 2b is a diagram of the modulating/demodulating scheme by which the FSK messages are encoded/decoded.
FIG. 3 is an exemplary listing of the vocabulary unit codes and the corresponding vocabulary units that are stored in the vocabulary memory of the preferred embodiment.
FIG. 4 is an example of the alternative voiced messages that may be transmitted.
FIG. 5 is a generalized block diagram of the voice generator that is typically contained on each aircraft.
FIG. 6 is a block diagram of the digital decoder contained within each voice generator.
FIG. 7, comprised of FIG. 7a and 7b, is a flowchart of the program stored in the microprocessor's program memory.
Referring to FIG. 1, a generalized block diagram is shown of the major elements contained within the present voiced alerting system. As indicated, the present voiced alerting system is essentially a subsystem adaptable to presently existing air traffic control systems, such as the ARTS III System that is available from the Sperry Univac Division of Sperry Corporation. The operation of the ARTS III System, however, is generally well known to those skilled in the art, and since information relative thereto is readily available upon contacting Sperry Univac, its operation will not be described in detail.
While such a system is required for the present invention to operate, its primary function is to supply the relative positional information of the various aircraft within any area of space to a ground controller, and who in turn transmits an appropriate traffic warning message. As mentioned and to date, such messages have been individually transmitted via the ground controller's spoken speech on a dedicated ground controller's radio channel. Such transmissions have thus been dependent upon the controller's time availability and the density of the traffic at any given point in time. The present system differs, however, in that while the particular position information is still available, it now is coupled in an appropriate parallel format to the present automatic voiced alerting system. Thus, the digital data from the ARTS III System is now supplied directly from the ARTS III System 10 via the single, six bit wide, parallel I/O channel 12 to the parallel interface 20, where data is received and retransmitted via the six bit data channel 14 to the latch 22, where the data is temporarily latched. The parallel interface 20 typically is of a Naval Tactical Data System (NTDS) type that conforms to Mil. Std. 1750A, such as the corresponding Sperry Univac NTDS type interfaces described in Sperry Univac Specifications DS-4772. The latch 22 is also typically comprised of six flip-flops that temporarily hold the data prior to its being written into the buffer memory 32.
The particular data that is received and the particular message length, however, depend upon the relative positions of the aircraft, and thus the message length varies depending upon the circumstances at any point in time. In any event though, the data is sequentially shifted into the latch 22 and out of the latch 22 via the six bit data channels 14 and 26 to the buffer memory 32. The buffer memory 32 is typically configured as a first-in, first-out (FIFO) type memory and is sized to store at least the maximum length message. The buffer memory 32, in turn, transmits the parallel data to the digital code generator 42 via the six bit data channel 36, where the data is encoded into an FSK message.
During this encoding process, the digital code generator 42 reads the individual lines of parallel data at a 1200 bit per second rate and generates the FSK encoded messages. It is to be recognized, however, that the actual technique for generating the FSK encoded message is well known to those of skill in the art, but which technique will again be described below with respect to FIGS. 2a and 2b for the present invention. The FSK encoded messages are thus generated and transmitted serially to the ground transmitter 44, as well as to the voice generator 46, that is coupled to the controller's head set.
Referring to FIG. 2a, each FSK encoded message is generally comprised of a 100 millisecond carrier tone header followed by three synchronization codes, one start of message code, an aircraft indentification code, the coded message itself, an end of message code and a checksum character code, which essentially acts in the fashion of a parity check. The function served by each specific code will, however, be described in more detail hereinafter with respect to the operation of the voice generator 50. In general though, the length of each message is less than 0.3 seconds in duration. Each message also has a single level approximately 6 DB below the average speech level of the controller's voice radio band. And, the typical message is comprised of thirty-one or less codes; where each code consists of six binary bits.
Referring to FIG. 2b, each message is thus comprised of a series of codes, where each six bit code is comprised of six corresponding frequency modulated pulses. Each binary bit of each code thus corresponds to either a 1200 or 2200 Hz pulse for a respective binary "0" or "1". Each message, in turn, consists of the series of pulses and which messages, due to the 0.3 second time duration, are merely heard as a beep to any listener on the controller's voice band. It is to be noted though that the FSK coded messages are transmitted sequentially, so that it remains for the voice generator to properly decode the messages.
Returning now to the present description, it is to be noted that the block diagram of FIG. 1 contains two types of voice generators (i.e. voice generators 46 and 50). Each type of voice generator is essentially identical to the other, with the exception that voice generator 46 is ground based while the voice generators 50 are air based within the individual aircraft. The voice generator 46, however, also differs from the others in that it is programmed to respond to all aircraft identification codes, and therefore the voice generator 46 is able to monitor all of the messages that are produced by the ARTS III System. The controller is thus able to monitor and control all the FSK messages that are transmitted. The voice generator 46 consequently responds to all FSK encoded messages and converts the audio signals into voiced messages that are comprehendible by the controller. It is to be noted, though, that while the above description typically contemplates a controller's monitoring each audio message, the controller may choose not to, just as easily as choosing to adjust the timing and sequence of the messages. It is to be noted also that the controller may initiate messages to aircraft before previous messages have been completed, so that different messages will be heard by pilots of different aircraft, nearly simultaneously. In this case voice generator 46 would convert only the first message in the sequence of time-overlapped messages into voice audible to the controller. The ultimate objective of any control scheme, however, is to place the control of all advisory messages under the controller's auspices, unless he or she chooses to select an automatic mode, whereby the messages will be transmitted against some priority criteria.
Thus, it is to be noted that while numerous messages are generated by the ARTS III System and the present ground control apparatus, the messages are typically reviewed prior to transmission. It is also to be noted that since each message is only approximately 0.3 seconds in duration, significantly more messages than before can be transmitted within a given time period to all the aircraft within the controller's scope of responsibility. It is to be noted, too, that while each message is transmitted by the airport radio transmitter 44 to all the aircraft within the controller's area of responsibility, the complete message is only decoded by those aircraft having a corresponding identification code. Each identical aircraft thus receives the individual messages via their receivers 48, decodes the messages via their voice generators 50 and produces the voiced message for the pilot.
Referring now to FIG. 3, the stored vocabulary that is used by the present voiced alerting system is shown in detail. Specifically, thirty-three encoded words are provided and which words are accessed via their respective six bit vocabulary unit codes (shown in decimal form). Thus, each six bit byte or code corresponds to one voiced word, and each message of up to thirty-one vocabulary unit codes and when organized according to the message format of FIG. 4 comprises an intelligent message.
Thus, referring to FIG. 4, the alternative voiced messages are shown that may be transmitted via the apparatus of the present preferred embodiment. Each message generally states that traffic exists at some o'clock position relative to the identified aircraft, at some range from the identified aircraft, at some relative altitude and with some suggested advisory action. The messages are therefore relatively short and succinct and provide only the pertinent information that the pilot needs to react to any given traffic situation. It is to be recalled, too, that depending upon the cirumstances, the controller can interrupt at any time and redirect the pilot or queue the message to accommodate the situation. It is also to be noted that the voiced message provides specific information relative to altitude or headings and which information is voiced as three decimal digits.
Referrng now to FIG. 5, particular attention will be paid to the voice generators 50 that are contained within each of the aircraft. Each voice generator 50, as mentioned, is coupled to a receiver 48 within each aircraft and each receives all the traffic warning messages that are transmitted by the transmitter 44. Each voice generator 50, however, only decodes those messages that contain the aircraft's corrsponding aircraft identification code. In particular, each voice generator 50 is comprised of a parallel interface 52, a digital decoder 54, a microprocessor 56, a program memory 58, a vocabulary memory 60, as well as a digital-to-analog converter 62, low pass filter 64, mixer 66, and an amplifier 68. And, each voice generator 50 generally acts, upon receipt of an FSK message, to supply the message to the digital decoder 54, where the FSK signal is decoded and converted into a parallel byte of binary information at transistor transistor logic (TTL) levels. Before decoding the entire message, however, each message is sampled by each aircraft to see if the message contains a corresponding aircraft identification code. If a match doesn't occur, the message is ignored. If a match occurs though, the rest of the message is received and stored in a vocabulary index buffer of the microprocessor 56 and from which buffer the message is read and interpreted by the microprocessor 56. Prior to describing the operation of the voice generator 50 though, attention should be directed to the digital decoder 54.
Referring to FIG. 6, the digital decoder 54 is shown in detail and is generally comprised of a receiver filter 70, a threshold detector 72, a limiter 74, a 1 megahertz crystal oscillator 76, and a demodulator 78. While the principle of demodulating FSK signals is not new and can be performed by various modems, such as a Motorola Part No. MC6860 or a Bell Part No. 202, the present decoder 54 differs in that it receives its signals from an aircraft radio receiver, instead of a telephone line. It is therefore necessary that the decoder 54 filter the outside carrier bands from the FSK signals. The receiver filter 70 performs this function, and essentially filters out all frequencies outside the range of 1200 Hertz to 2200 Hertz. This bandpass filtering thus improves the detectability of the FSK message by increasing the signal-to-noise ratio. The filtered signal is then impressed upon the threshold detector 72 and which acts to detect when a received signal is of a sufficient level so that the demodulator 78 can act upon it. The limiter 74, at the same time, samples each of the filtered signals to determine whether or not the filtered signal is symmetric and within the dynamic range expected by the demodulator 78. If the filtered signal passes both the limiter 74 and the threshold detector 72, the demodulator 78 is then able to convert the work space frequency charges of the filtered signals into the parallel, TTL level binary signals. In this regard, attention is again directed to FIG. 2b, wherein the FSK modulating-demodulating criteria are shown, except that now the FSK signal is demodulated into its corresponding, coded TTL level binary signal. It should be noted that the demodulator 78 takes approximately 100 milliseconds to "turn on", but that the remaining 200 milliseconds are sufficient to demodulate the FSK message. It is to be noted too, that the demodulator 78 operates under the microprocessor 56's control via the control signals that are transmitted over the duplexed bus 80.
Upon demodulating each coded message, the demodulated message is transmitted in the parallel binary format at the TTL levels via bus 80 to the microprocessor 56. The microprocessor 56, which in the preferred embodiment is capable of responding to eight bit bytes of data and which typically is a Motorola 6802, Intel 8085 or an equivalent eight bit microprocessor, then controls the subsequent conversion of the received message into analog speech via the stored program of FIG. 7. Recalling though that each FSK message contains three sync codes and an aircraft identification code, it is first necessary for each voice generator 50 to synchronize and identify itself. This, however, assumes that the voice generator 50 has already initialized itself. Thus during the "Idle Loop" of the program, the voice generator 50 via the microprocessor 56 synchronizes itself to the sync codes and compares its preset aircraft identification code to the transmitted aircraft identification code. Assuming a match exists, the rest of the message is then received and stored in the vocabulary index buffer before being converted to a voiced message during the "Speak Message Loop."
Next, during the Speak Message Loop of the stored program, the microprocessor 56 coordinates a table lookup operation from the vocabulary memory 60 of each of the vocabulary units that correspond to the vocabulary unit codes that are contained in the demodulated message in the vocabulary index buffer. Upon looking up each vocabulary unit, the microprocessor 56 then converts each unit from its four bit ADPCM format into an eight bit pulse code modulated (PCM) format. The algorithm for performing this function being well known and described in an article by P. Cummisky et al entitled "Adaptive Quantization in Diffential PCM Coding of Speech" in the Bell System Technical Journal, Vol. 52, No. 7, September, 1972. The sequential, PCM formatted message is then transmitted over the bus 80 at a 6 Kolohertz rate to the digital-to-analog converter 62 where it is converted and subsequently transmitted as analog speech to the pilot. This conversion, however, will be described in greater detail hereinafter.
Referring first though to the flow chart of FIG. 7, the program stored in the program memory 58 will now be described. Essentially, as mentioned, the program acts to direct the conversion of the received signal, and which it performs pursuant to FIG. 7a via the various modes of FIG. 7b and which modes are also shown in Table 1 below.
TABLE 1______________________________________MICROPROCESSOR MODESMode Description______________________________________0 Waiting for sync code1 Expecting start of message code2 Expecting a/c identification code3 Expecting vocabulary I.D. code4 Expecting checksum______________________________________
Prior to receiving messages though, it is necessary to "power up" and "initialize" each voice generator 50, and which initialization process also typically includes running a test message to ensure that the apparatus is operating properly. Specifically, during initialization the parallel interface 52 and the digital decoder 70 are enabled and the test message stored in the microprocessor 56's internal read only memory (ROM) is inserted into the vocabulary index buffer. The program then enters its "Speak Message Loop" and samples the successive index values stored in its ROM and thus performs a table lookup of the contents of each vocabulary unit code or address in the vocabulary memory 60. It does this by locating each unit code or address in vocabulary memory 60 and each corresponding vocabulary unit, and which vocabulary unit information is then transferred to the digital-to-analog converter 62 where each ADPCM sample of that test message is converted to the PCM format, until the end of the test message is reached. The microprocessor 56 thus queries the vocabulary index buffer after accessing each vocabulary unit to determine if any additional vocabulary units are stored therein. If additional units are present, the index value (I) of vocabulary index buffer is incremented by one, and the next vocabulary unit contained within the buffer is selected. The process is then repeated until the end of the vocabulary index buffer is reached and the answer to the query is "yes" that the message is complete. It is to be recognized, however, that the test message, as just described, is replayed only during initialization. Upon completing the test message and thereafter, the voice generator 50 is then ready to receive and respond to the various messages that are received by the aircraft's receiver 48.
Upon completing the test message, the voice generator 50 assumes its zero mode by setting the mode register contained within the microprocessor 56 [i.e. a portion of its internal random access memory (RAM)] to a value of zero and clears the value in the running checksum register, also contained in the microprocessor's RAM, to its initial value. The voice generator 50 next reads the aircraft identification code that is established by the parallel interface 52, and which, in turn, is preset by the aircraft identification thumb wheel switches contained in the parallel interface 52, and stores the aircraft identification code value in another register contained within the microprocessor's RAM. It is to be noted also that each microprocessor 56 in each aircraft reads its own aircraft identification code for each and every message that is transmitted, since a controller may from time to time require an aircraft to change its identification code.
Upon storing the aircraft identification code, the microprocessor 56 then queries the demodulator 78 by the control portion of the bus 80 to determine if a valid character (i.e. code) has been received and is ready to be processed. If the digital decoder 54 does not indicate that it is ready, the microprocessor 56 again reads the aircraft identification code and again checks for a control signal from the digital decoder 54. This process thus continues until both of the conditions are met, and in which event, the microprocessor 56 accepts one character from the digital decoder 54. This character is then compared to a sync character that has been stored in an additional register of the microprocessor's RAM to determine if a match exists. If a match does not occur the microprocessor 56 queries its mode register to see if it is in the fourth mode. If it is not in the fourth mode, it adds the value of the character that has been received and checked to the initial value contained in the running checksum register. The microprocessor 56 then branches to the mode contained within its mode register. Since in the present case, the microprocessor 56 is in its zero mode, it again branches to the zero mode and re-enters the program at the "first entry point" (i.e. indicated by a circle enclosing a 1) and continues through the idle loop until a sync character is detected.
Assuming the next character is a sync code and it matches the sync code contained within the sync code register, the microprocessor 56 increments the mode register by "one" so that the program is placed in its first mode and wherein it next expects the start of a message code. First, however, the microprocessor 56 sequentially calls the next two characters from the digital decoder 54 to see if they too match the sync code; and each time the programs loops, looking for the start of the next message code. Assuming that the next two codes match the sync code, the program continues in mode 1 until the start of message code is detected. Once the the fourth character or start of message code is received and compared to the stored sync code, the codes won't match and the microprocessor 56 will check to see if the mode register is in the fourth mode. If the mode register is not in the fourth mode, the start of message code is added to the value of the running checksum and the program then branches to the first mode.
Referring now to the first mode branch in FIG. 7b, the microprocessor 56 compares the fourth code or presumably start a message code to the character contained within the start of message register of the microprocessor 56. If a match occurs the mode register is incremented by "one" to its second mode. If a match does not occur, a false start is indicated and the program returns to the "third entry point" and the mode register and running checksum registers are cleared to their zero values. Assuming, however, that a start of message code is detected, the mode register is incremented by "one" and thus switches to its second mode and the program re-enters itself at the "first entry point." The program then looks for the fifth character or aircraft identification code that normally follows the start of message code. Prior to describing the second mode, though, it should be recalled, that the aircraft identification code contains seven bits of data, as opposed to the six bit bytes that are received for each of the other codes. The microprocessor 56, however, is capable of handling eight bits so no problems are encountered with this anomaly and again the microprocessor 56 performs each of the idle loop steps and adds the fifth code to the accumulated value in the running checksum register and branches to the second mode that is now contained within the mode register.
Referring to the second mode branch of FIG. 7b, the aircraft identification code or fifth character is next read from the digital decoder 54 and stored in the vocabulary index buffer. The microprocessor 56 then checks to see if the portion of the vocabulary index buffer that contains the received aircraft identification code is full (i.e. all seven digits have been received), and if not, it re-enters the program at the first entry point and which activity permits additional time for the aircraft identification code to be written into the vocabulary index buffer. Assuming, however, that the aircraft identification portion of the vocabulary buffer is full, the microprocessor 56 then compares the previously stored aircraft identification code, which corresponds to the thumb wheel settings and which is stored in the microprocessor's RAM, to the value in the vocabulary index buffer to see if a match exists. If a match does not occur, the microprocessor 56 interprets this to mean that the message is not for this aircraft, and therefore it ignores the remainder of the message. If, however, a match occurs, the mode register is incremented to its third mode and the microprocessor 56 re-enters its program at the first entry point.
Upon receipt of the sixth character or the first vocabulary unit code of the message, the program again runs through its idle loop and assuming that all the conditions have been met and that the running checksum register has been updated, the program then branches to its third mode. Referring to the third mode of FIG. 7b, the microprocessor 56 first compares the character stored in its end of message code register to the received character. Assuming a match does not occur, the sixth character is stored within the vocabulary index buffer at the zero index position (i.e. I=0). The microprocessor 56 then checks the vocabulary identification buffer to determine if an overflow condition has occurred. If an overflow occurs, it interprets this as an error and the program re-enters itself at the third entry point and begins anew. If, however, an overflow does not occur, the program re-enters itself at the first entry point. Subsequently and sequentially, each of the additional vocabulary unit codes are similarly received and stored within the vocabulary index buffer at the next successive index values. It is to be recalled though that only a maximum of thirty-one entries can be received before the end of message code so that this process may continue for up to thirty-one cycles.
Upon receipt of all the vocabulary unit codes of the message and recalling that all the received character codes have been added to the initial value of the running checksum, the receipt of the next character code or end of message code should cause a match to occur upon comparison with the end of message code stored in the microprocessor's end of message code register. Upon the occurrence of this match, the mode register is incremented by "one" to its fourth mode and the microprocessor 56 again re-enters its program at the first entry point.
Thus, upon receipt of the next and last character code or checksum character, the program should produce a match when it queries the mode register to see if it is in its fourth mode. With this match, the program then branches to the fourth mode of FIG. 7b and compares the last character to the current sum contained within the running checksum register. If a match does not occur, the microprocessor 56 re-enters the program at the third entry point and resets the mode register to zero and begins anew. If, however, as would be expected, a match does occur, the microprocessor 56 re-enters the program at the second entry point. The microprocessor 56 then, as with the test program, reads out the various successive vocabulary unit codes stored within the vocabulary index buffer for the various index values. And, each vocabulary unit code is thus used to form an address into the vocabulary memory 60 which is read in a table lookup fashion to determine each of the ADPCM coded units of speech that are stored therein.
The ADPCM codes are next converted from their four bit ADPCM format to the eight bit PCM format, and which PCM signals are, in turn, transmitted to the digital-to-analog converter 62 where they are converted at a frequency of 6,000 samples per second. The analog output produced by the digital-to-analog converter 62 is then low-pass filtered by the low-pass filter 64 to remove any quantization noise that may exist above the speech band.
The filtered, analog signal is next mixed via the mixer 66 with the signal that is currently being received from the receiver 48 via line 67. It is to be noted that, in general, voice communications will not be occurring during this time so that the voiced traffic warning will not be superimposed over any voiced communications on line 67. It is possible, however, for the above effect to occur, and in which event a "cocktail party" effect would occur. However, a listener could adjust to this effect and mentally filter out one or the other of the conversations, but in general, this cocktail party effect is not desired and the listener would thus typically hear only the voiced traffic warning message. The mixed analog audio from the mixer 66 is next amplified via the two input, operational amplifier 68 and the amplified audio is then heard by the pilot via his head set.
A ground controller is thus able to selectively transmit a voiced traffic warning message, merely by pushing a button--typically the controller would do this after positioning his cursor over the aircraft on his/her screen so that the proper aircaft identification codes would be entered into the message--and thereby free himself to address other conflict situations and similarly transmit messages to each of these aircraft. Furthermore, each message only takes approximately 0.3 seconds and does not disrupt other voiced communications. The time savings clearly being significant over voiced instructions from the controller.
While the present invention has been described with reference to its preferred embodiment, it is to be noted that variations or alternative embodiments may suggest themselves to those of skill in the art, upon a reading hereof. Therefore, the following claims should be interpreted broadly to include any such equivalents.
|Cited Patent
|Filing date
|Publication date
|Sep 15, 1953
|Feb 25, 1958
|Martin L Ernst
|Dynamic automatic traffic analyzer controller
|Jan 10, 1980
|Nov 24, 1981
|The United States Of America As Represented By The Secretary Of The Air Force
|Aircraft load factor overload warning system
|Parker et al., "An Automated Pilot Advisory System," Proceedings of Southeastern 1978, Region 3, Conf., 10-12, Apr. 1978, Atlanta, Ga.
|Citing Patent
|Filing date
|Publication date
|Sep 20, 1982
|May 28, 1985
|General Signal Corporation
|Sensing vertical and horizontal visibility
|Feb 2, 1984
|Feb 24, 1987
|Sundstrand Data Control, Inc.
|Terrain advisory system
|Oct 4, 1993
|Sep 5, 1995
|General Electric Company
|Aircraft data communication employing existing voice channels
|Feb 25, 1999
|Jan 16, 2001
|Rockwell Collins, Inc.
|Voice annunciation of data link ATC messages
|Sep 3, 2008
|Mar 10, 2010
|SafeLine Europe
|A method and a communication device for transmitting data signals
|Jan 22, 1985
|Aug 15, 1985
|Sundstrand Data Control, Inc.
|Terrain advisory system
|U.S. Classification
|340/945, 340/539.1, 701/301, 340/961
|International Classification
|Cooperative Classification
|European Classification
|Oct 4, 1982
Owner name: SPERRY CORPORATION; 1290 AVENUE OF THE AMERICAS, N
Free format text: ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST.;ASSIGNORS:ANDERSEN, DAVID P.;CHICOINE, EUGENE P.;REEL/FRAME:004048/0749
Effective date: 19810604
Owner name: SPERRY CORPORATION, A CORP OF DE., NEW YORK
Free format text: ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST;ASSIGNORS:ANDERSEN, DAVID P.;CHICOINE, EUGENE P.;REEL/FRAME:004048/0749
Effective date: 19810604
|Jun 14, 1983
|Certificate of correction
|Jun 18, 1986
|Fee payment
Year of fee payment: 4
|Jun 25, 1990
|Fee payment
Year of fee payment: 8
|Jun 29, 1994
|Fee payment
Year of fee payment: 12
|Jan 18, 2000
Owner name: LORAL CORPORATION, MARYLAND
Free format text: ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST;ASSIGNOR:UNISYS CORPORATION;REEL/FRAME:010547/0468
Effective date: 19950505
|Feb 28, 2000
Owner name: LOCKHEED MARTIN TACTICAL SYSTEMS, INC., MARYLAND
Free format text: CHANGE OF NAME;ASSIGNOR:LORAL CORP.;REEL/FRAME:010639/0395
Effective date: 19960423
|Mar 20, 2000
Owner name: LOCKHEED MARTIN CORP., MARYLAND
Free format text: MERGER;ASSIGNOR:LOCKHEED MARTIN TACTICAL SYSTEMS, INC.;REEL/FRAME:010742/0857
Effective date: 19970627


text:
Gaia Colossus
this wiki
The Gaia Colossus (神殿巨人 Shinden Kyojin?, lit. "Temple Giant") is the transformation of Chip caused by combining and merging with the seven Gaia Temples, with the aid of the seven Chaos Emeralds. This form is basically an amalgamation of all seven of the Gaia Temples, appearing as a giant golem, and is used by Chip against Dark Gaia and later Perfect Dark Gaia in Sonic Unleashed.
Powers and abilities
The Gaia Colossus has the ability of flight, and can dash forward at speeds that let it evade Dark Gaia's projectiles through midair. Due to being powered by Light Gaia, it has impressive physical strength that makes it able to harm and fend off Dark Gaia by destroying the boulders hurled at it, use a light-fulled energy punch with both hands, and even tear through Perfect Dark Gaia's defense shield. It can also take a great deal of damage, as it goes toe-to-toe with Dark Gaia and manages to hold off a point-blank energy blast from it. Its main weakness is that it cannot move very fast during battles, and is therefore more liable to attacks.
- There is confusion in the size of the colossus, as indicated when Sonic lies on the Gaia Colossus' hand.

subset: commoncrawl


text:
HMI and Operator Interfaces
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AS-i sensor network gets a junction brick for hazardous locations
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Muhammad Ghanoz Ghazali
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Don't Miss
- 'American Idiot' at EPAC
- Warwick grad producing 'Million Dollar Quartet' at Dutch Apple
- Hello (again), Dolly!
- 'Hello, Dolly!' opens Thursday at EPAC
- 'Somewhereville Station' revisits the 50s and 60s
- St. Patty's musical at Ephrata Main
- Dance, concert will benefit Jamaica missions
- Happy Anniver5ary, St. Boniface!
- Downtown diversity
All posts tagged "recipes"
"Candy Cones" with Wilbur Chocolate
Ingredients: Wilbur Chocolate Confectionery Coating (your choice of milk, dark or white) Joy Color Ice Cream Cups (cones) Your choice of multi-colored sprinkles or nonpareils Marshmallows Wilbur Buds, Miscellaneous small candies. Directions: Make as many as you'd...
- Posted March 12, 2014


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07.26.2016 | 20 Tammuz, 5776
Palestinians call for UNSC action over new Israeli building plans in east Jerusalem
Palestinian hunger striker sparks widespread protest
Saudi delegation to Israel: Ending Palestinian conflict critical for ties with Arab states
Abbas's Harshest Critic
IDF bans 'Pokemon Go' app from all military bases amid security fears
Litzman: Health Ministry working to stop children car deaths
Yet another deadline for launch of IBC
Controversial mikva law approved by Knesset
Herzog rivals ask for secret ballot vote
Liberman hopes to make West Bank checkpoints more 'secure and humane'
Housing cabinet aims for 200,000 units for haredi housing
Israel, US may soon seal new 10-year defense aid deal
A short evening of theater in TA
A spotlight on those living off the land
Israeli-Beduin film 'Sand Storm' to be released in US
Going with the flow
Group launches crowdfunding campaign against sexual harassment in police
Another pre-Rio gold for Israel's rhythmic gymnastics team
Kenyan-born runner going the distance for Israel at the Olympics
Israeli triathlete Darmon rolls into Rio for 1st Olympics
Arab-Israeli children much more likely to die in accidents
The Lounge
Health ministry to take lead in combating child hot car deaths
Economic committee chairman calls for guidelines to protect animals during live shipments
Technion takes a selfie from space
Scientists find new roles for old RNAs
Nation's cleanest beaches named
For the love of crows
Steinitz slams delays in natural gas deal for causing 'billions in damages'
No holds barred: The decline and fall of supporters of the Iran deal
Trump adviser in 'Post' opinion: Too soon to give up on American Jewry
Why I went to Syria to fight ISIS
The illegal car trade of the West Bank
Egypt denies report that assassination plot kept Sisi away from Arab League summit
Bavarian bomber pledged allegiance to Islamic State
'Turkish Airlines fires personnel after failed coup'
Iran destroys 100,000 satellite dishes in morality-driven crackdown
Iran left with no choice but to confront the US, official warns
Iranian Kurdish leader to 'Post': Iran regime is a common enemy
Landau: Secret Iran documents underline a 'very serious' problem
Jihadis call on 'lone wolf' terrorists to attack Israeli athletes at Rio Olympics
Report: ISIS operating sleeper cells in Lebanese refugee camps
One mile from ISIS feels safer than France or Turkey to Kurdish peshmerga
ISIS claims responsibility for Nice attack
Berlin moves on despite terror threat
Nazi hunter outraged by annulment of Ustasha collaborator's verdict
How did a former concentration camp become a wedding venue in Lithuania?
German University's course claims Israel harvests Palestinian organs
Healthcare hackathon organizers seek to be 'light unto others'
WATCH LIVE: Peres, Rivlin and Netanyahu launch Israeli Innovation Center
Israeli startups are used around the globe
Samsung president poised to ramp up investing in Israel
Cornel West to 'Post': The Palestinians 'will be free'
Democrats stagger to convention in crisis
New term, 'Vichy Republican,' enters US election lexicon
Exclusive: Oren turns down offer to advise Trump on Israel
This is how cats catch their rides in Thailand...
Do you believe in the Paranormal?
Head to Crown Plaza Eilat this summer to enjoy a fun staycation
Grapevine: The degree of what is offensive
PODCAST: After Turkey, Africa and Egypt, is Saudi Arabia Israel's next ally?
Podcast: From Tel Aviv, a story of hope for Orlando
Briefing: 'King Bibi' pulls it together, again
Podcast: The mystery of Tel Aviv's Jane Doe alleys
100-Year-Old Theater Converted Into Stunning Bookstore
TripAdvisor reviews in jail? Yes.
Second Lebanon War veteran's road to redemption
Empowering women globally
Obscure treasures
The American spirit's impact
The word of a woman
The outpost on Oliphant Street
Dark years on the Côte d'Azur
Rothschild revolution:
Hot off the Arab press
Summertime chickpea dishes
Treats for Shabbat morning
A blend of wine, Judaism and Zionism
Avocado diplomacy
The last of Jerusalem's Mohicans
Peggy Cidor's round-up of city affairs.
Fun in the park
RAW FOOD: Passing fad or here to stay?
NATURAL beats
Another kind of romantic exchange
A German-Israeli love story
מַחֲנֵה קַיִץ
'שְבִיל הַחוֹף'
'חָרִיש', עִיר חֲדָשָה בְּיִשְׂרָאֵל
The Christian Edition- one month free subscription
Israel's blessing to the world
Remembering the 'Exodus'
$100 million Christian theme park makes the Bible 'come alive'
President of Paraguay Plants an Olive Tree in Jerusalem
Honoring Holocaust Rescuer Belgian Prince with a Tree in Israel
Perth and Merhav Am, Different but the Same
Canadian Young Professionals Visit Gaza Border Communities
Overnight Camp for Children with Special Needs Breaks Barriers
Spanish Village Connects with its Ancient Jewish Roots
Expo Forest Inaugurated in the Negev
Czech prime minister plants tree in Jerusalem grove of nations
The Scholarship is from Canada, the Foresters from Israel
Planning a Sustainable Future through Water Sensitive Cities
Burnt Trees and Charred Earth in Jerusalem's Arazim Valley
Hugging a Tree? Beware of the Pine Processionary Caterpillar!
KKL-JNF holds its 6th Latin American Leadership Conference
Andrew Viterbi at a KKL-JNF Milan Gala Event
KKL-JNF and The Italian State Forestry Corps Sign a Memorandum
JNF USA & Alexander Muss High School in Israel
Both Receive Charity Navigator's Highest Rating
Peonies and Pineapples in the Negev Desert
An Interview with Israel Prize Winner Prof. Yossi Katz
Arava Open Day 2016
The Acacia Tree Stars in the Arava Ecosystem
We will win but how long will it take? Including Bibi's Building Bluff
Is a Jewish safe haven possible in the Diaspora; is America the "exception"?
Potentially Misleading Statistics on Global Terrorism
Still Looking for Israel at Harvard
Health & Science
07/07/2012 06:47
Woman pours salad dressing 370.
(photo credit:Thinkstock/Imagebank)
WEST LAFAYETTE, Ind. - The vegetables in salads are chock-full of important vitamins and nutrients, but you won't get much benefit without the right type and amount of salad dressing, a Purdue University study shows.In a human trial, researchers fed subjects salads topped off with saturated, monounsaturated and polyunsaturated fat-based dressings and tested their blood for absorption of fat-soluble carotenoids – compounds such as lutein, lycopene, beta-carotene and zeaxanthin. Those carotenoids are associated with reduced risk of several chronic and degenerative diseases such as cancer, cardiovascular disease and macular degeneration.
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Bayern Munich Wallpapers
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High Quality Bayern Munich Wallpaper. With the best Bayern Munich footballer Wallpaper!
More than 25 high quality Bayern Munich Wallpapers.
Fußball-Club Bayern München e.V., commonly known as FC Bayern München. Bayern Munich, or FC Bayern, is a German sports club based in Munich, Bavaria. It is best known for its professional football team, which plays in the Bundesliga, the top tier of the German football league system, and is the most successful club in German football history, having won a record 23 national titles and 16 national cups.
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News articles related to our company and products.
Dear Amy,
I do not like pot pies. While shopping at Meijers, my wife purchased two of your organic vegetable pot pies. I tried one tonight for supper (since my wife is out of town) and found it to be most tasty. I enjoyed the fresh taste of the pot pie. When reading the back of the box, I observed "we like hearing from you." Therefore, I decided to type this email to advise you I do like and enjoy Amys pot pies. However, I maintain my dislike for all other pot pies!
From David R
I have been meaning to send an email for quite some time. Now finally I get around to it! I just wanted to tell you how WONDERFUL I think the Black Bean Vegetable Enchilada's are. They are my very most favorite thing to eat EVER. If my freezer wasn't so small, I'd FILL it with the enchilada's. The other Amy's products are excellent as well. But your enchilada's have made me very happy.
If you have any promotional items or special offers/coupons (or if you want to send me a giant box of Amy's products with one of your chef's inside as well...) I'd be the happiest girl in the world.
I love your food. It is absolutely DELICIOUS.
All the best wishes, and thank you so very much for the great products,
Maureen Beaulieu
Oakville, CT
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Zalman N Series SandForce 128GB Solid State Drive
The Zalman N Series 128GB SSD
The N Series uses a black brushed aluminum case. The top label shows the capacity size and the series.
The back of the drive doesn't have a label, but it does have the standard mounting locations.
The side of the drive also has the standard mounting points, so you will be able to mount this drive in everything that accepts a 2.5" form factory drive.
The standard SATA and power ports are where they should be.
On the inside we found the standard SF-1200 setup with the controller in the middle of sixteen Intel flash chips.
On the back of the PCB are the other eight flash modules.
PRICING: You can find products similar to this one for sale below.
United States: Find other tech and computer products like this over at Amazon's website.
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Muscle Beach--Photographed on location at the famous Venice Beach in California, model Cindy Bruna shows off flashy fashions with a glamorous edge for the fall-winter issue of French Revue de Modes. Flanked by a group of muscular guys, Cindy impresses while wearing "look at me" fashions from the likes of Gucci, Moschino and Vivienne Westwood styled by Marcell Rocha. Thierry Le … [Read more...]
Anais Mali is an Amazon for French Revue de Modes Shoot
Amazon--Starring in the latest cover shoot from French Revue de Modes, Anais Mali lets out her inner amazon for a fierce fashion editorial featuring furs, feathers and even armor. Photographed by Urivaldo Lopes and styled by Jonathan Mahaut, Anais looks incredibly glamorous as she goes hunting in designs from the likes of Louis Vuitton, Emilio Pucci and Saint Laurent in the … [Read more...]
Kristina Salinovic is Cutting Edge for French Revue de Modes by Naomi Yang
Out of this World – These images of Kristina Salinovic come from the latest edition of French Revue de Modes, but they feel like stills from a new Hollywood science fiction film. There's something eerie and otherworldly about Kristina's neatly coiffed red hair, worked by hairstylist Franco Argento, and the structured apparel selected by Sohei Yoshida. Paris-based fashion … [Read more...]
French Revue de Modes #23 Covers | Soo Joo, Mackenzie Duncan, Lara Mullen + More
Cover to Cover - Bi-annual glossy French Revue de Modes taps a group of up and coming models for its fall-winter issue shot by Thierry Le Goues. Beauties Mackenzie Drazan, Athena Wilson, Elisabeth Erm, Ruby Jean Wilson, Bara Holotova, Yulia Serzhantova, Soo Joo, Pauline Hoarau, Lara Mullen, Masha Philipova and Flaviana Matata pose in mostly black and white images styled by … [Read more...]
Gertrud Hegelund Models Indian Inspired Fashions for French Revue #22 by Signe Vilstrup
Indian Song - The latest issue of French Revue De Modes stars fashion model Gertrud Hegelund lensed by photographer Signe Vilstrup (Tomorrow Management) in luxe, detail orientated looks. Styled by Dorothea Gundtoft, the blonde wears Indian inspired designs brimming with embellishment, color and texture from labels such as Christopher Kane, Hermes and Saint Laurent. / Make-up by … [Read more...]
Ashley Smith and Anja Kostantinova Are Biker Chic for French Revue De Modes #22 by Thierry Le Goues
Besoin De Personne - Lensed by Thierry Le Goues, models Anja Kostantinova and Ashley Smith channel their inner biker babe for the latest issue of French Revue de Modes #22. Styled by Marcell Rocha in Jean Paul Gaultier, Versace, Gucci Vintage, Tripp NYC and other designer labels, these badass women are a force to be reckoned with. … [Read more...]
Drake Burnette is Low-Key in French Revue de Modes #22 by Michael Schwartz
White Trash - In front of Michael Schwartz's lens, actress and model Drake Burnette wears white trash inspired looks for French Revue de Modes #22. The 27 year-old beauty dons a wardrobe of fashionably trashy looks from designer labels including Chanel, Guess Jeans, Kenzo, Jean Paul Gaultier, Emilio Pucci and more selected by stylist Marcell Rocha. … [Read more...]
Jennifer Pugh is Denim Clad for French Revue de Modes #22 by Kevin Sinclair
The Jean Genie - Jennifer Pugh hits the studio in these brassy shots photographed by Kevin Sinclair for French Revue de Modes #22. Posing in daring denim, the blonde sports a rugged wardrobe of designs from the likes of Jean Paul Gaultier, Louis Vuitton, Celine, Diesel , Marni, Levi's and more styled by Zeina Esmall. / Make-up by Mykel Renner, Hair by Ryan Taniguchi … [Read more...]


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Top Definition
Ron's imaginary body weight that would allow him to be the ladies man he imagines himself to have been.
"I have to stop hogging this KFC and get back to date weight"
de Colonel Harland Sanders 18 Iulie 2008
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HOLT CAT LaredoShared publicly -
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HOLT CAT is Laredo's authorized Caterpillar dealer for Cat equipment sales, service, parts and rentals. Established in 1933, HOLT CAT sells, services and rents heavy equipment, engines and generators for construction, earthmoving, mining, industrial, petroleum and agriculture. HOLT CAT Laredo sells and services a full line of agricultural machinery, accessories and parts.


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10 Free Royalty Free Music Websites to Download Music
Here is a collection of 10 websites to download paid and free royalty free music.
Here is a collection of 10 websites to download paid and free royalty free music.
Here are over 15 trap music sample packs that include free drums sounds, and free drum loops.
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Here are over 650 free drum samples ( 6 drum kits ) to add to your sample collection.
Here are 5 free FL Studio remakes for you to download created by Mafz Productions and Lucas / LD Productions. The remakes include hits by Dr. Dre, Timbaland, Jay Z, and more.
Here is a mix of free music samples to add to your music making collection.


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Without passing judgement, this dress beings to mind those handkerchiefs magicians pull out of their hats. Not judgin' just sayin'!
[polldaddy poll="5815552"]
This pic is from my wedding 5 years ago. My husband and I met doing medieval re-enacting, so of course we wanted a medieval wedding. It took me 7 months to make everything. I made the beaded trim for his cotehardie—all 8.5 feet of it. There is another 22 inches of beaded fringe on the end of his hat. My dress has 13,000-14,000 individual beads sewn onto the brocade. I also made my jewelry and hair combs. His hat is stuffed with fur from the dog.


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- 2.1 million population in less than an hour drive
- Connecting Buffalo and Rochester, the second and third largest cities in New York State,
- Three exits on the NYS I-90 Thruway
- Reach 128 million consumers within a 10 hour drive
- Foreign Trade Zone Opportunities *NEW
- Over 57 colleges and universities with 300,000 students enrolled
- Top region for patents issued per worker
- Close to three international airports
- Multiple shovel-ready parks that are industry specific
- Hydropower and other low cost electric solutions
- Progressive incentives
- Workforce development programs
GCEDC Incentive & RLF Applications
Quick Link- Local Labor Policy
1366 Technologies recently announced plans to build a state-of-the-art, commercial solar wafer manufacturing facility in Genesee County New York, strategically located between Buffalo and Rochester, that will eventually scale to 3 GW, house 400 Direct Wafer™ furnaces, and produce more than 600 million high-performance silicon wafers per year – enough to power 360,000 American homes. 1366 Technologies will become the anchor tenant at the high-tech Science and Technology Advanced Manufacturing Park (STAMP) where the company will eventually create more than 1,000 new, full-time jobs in New York's Western New York/ Finger Lakes Region.
October 7, 2015 Frank van Mierlo, CEO of 1366 Technologies joined New York State Governor Andrew Cuomo in Batavia to announce that 1366 Technologies will build a new solar wafer manufacturing plant at the WNY STAMP Campus.
March 15, 2016
BATAVIA, NEW YORK – For the 12th consecutive year, Site Selection Magazine has once again recognized Batavia/Genesee County as a 2015 "top micropolitan" for corporate facility investments in the United States.
The ranking of "Top Micropolitans" is based on cities of 10,000 to 50,000 people which cover at least one county. There are approximately 575 micropolitans in the United States according to Site Selection Magazine.
Corporate facility investments in Genesee County are the result of the work of the Genesee County Economic Development Center (GCEDC) and many other economic development partners including the Batavia Development Corporation (BDC), the Batavia Business Improvement District (BID), and the Genesee County Chamber of Commerce. In 2015, the GCEDC authorized approximately $54 million in new capital investments which created almost 200 new jobs.
"This was another year of tremendous growth for Genesee County, as we once again saw existing companies make significant investments in their operations here," said Steve Hyde, President and CEO of the GCEDC. "With the announcement of 1366 Technologies as the first tenant in the Science and Technology Advanced
Manufacturing Park (STAMP), we remain on a path to a very prosperous future for our region."


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$5.99Both hilarious and poignant, Bettye Griffin's latest novel explores the lives and loves of three best friends who discover that there's nothing in the world they can't handle--as long as they stick together. . . Dana Covington never thought she'd be a widow at 38--but sometimes, that's the way life works out. It's a good thing Dana's friends, Norell and Cecile, are always ready to give her a
$5.99A Delightful Summer Read. --The RAWSISTAZ ReviewersReuben and Camille have always been afraid to let their children play outside in their rough Bronx neighborhood. So when they see an ad for homes in Pennsylvania's Pocono Mountains, they jump at the chance. Spirits are high--until Reuben loses his job. No one in Milo or Dawn's Brooklyn-based family has ever owned a house, and the Poconos seem
$3.49Graphic artist Genevieve L'Esperance has got it all together, even by tough New York standards. But the one thing she *doesn't* have is something Americans take for granted...and if and if she's found out it'll mean the end of life as she knows it. And now the law is closing in on her...
$9.99Elyse, Susan, and Grace couldn't be happier when their friend Pat organizes a reunion for past residents of the Chicago housing project where they all grew up. It is, after all, celebrating the fiftieth anniversary of its opening, and like their long-ago home, the lifelong friends are also turning fifty. But none of them suspects the event will have life-altering changes... Elyse plans to attend
$5.99Griffin is a budding name in mainstream African American fiction. --Chicago magazineAfter her father's death, Emily Yancy agrees to move back to her dead-end hometown. But she's dreading every minute she'll have to spend in her mother's tiny apartment. After all, she's a forty-three-year-old divorcée who's doing just fine on her own. There are some rewards for dutiful daughters though--like Aaron
$9.99From the author of The People Next Door comes a smart, sexy new novel that peeks behind the curtains of one very complicated Florida cul-de-sac, where the neighbors are a little too close for comfort. . .Suzanne and Brad Betancourt have a lot to be grateful for--their home, their children, and each other. They've even survived the fact that Brad's ex-wife lives next door and Suzanne's intrusive
FreeIn this prequel to the upcoming novel Secrets & Sins, author Bettye Griffin transports readers back to 1950s Chicago, to the wedding of Lorraine Hawkins and Vernon Pace. Lorraine is the daughter of a maid, while Vernon comes from one of the leading families in the area. Regardless of Vernon's background, many people have doubts about his ability to settle down…including Lorraine. What no one knows
$3.99Krista has settled into her new job in L.A. gloriously, moving up the ladder and earning a great reputation for herself. But since she and Sean parted ways, she has felt like half a person; a shell of the girl she was when she left San Francisco. It isn't until her job takes her back to San Francisco that she sees him again, the one that got away. It's like looking into her soul as she meets those
Coming Home: Book 2 The Wakefield Romance Series
The Wakefield Romance (Book 2)In the sequel to "Two Weeks With a SEAL" we find Rhea left behind by Chad's deployment. When she's faced with a surprising obstacle, she misses him more as every day passes. Her friendship with fellow SEAL wife, Rosa, grows and they lean on one another for support. Chad wants to protect his brothers and loves his job, but he's ready to be a civilian again and to be home with the love of his life.
I Never Asked You To Save Me: Book 3 The Wakefield Romance Series
The Wakefield Romance (Book 3)Ellie Mae Griggs-Heart is trying to escape, trying to find a place where she can finally be 'home'. She can't seem to shake her physically and emotionally abusive, soon to be ex-husband, Jake Heart. Refusing to take hand outs from her cousin Rhea Payne and her husband, former Navy SEAL Chad, Ellie has to moonlight at a job most would consider taboo to make ends meet. She lives day to day with the
The Alexanders Boxset Volume 1
Contemporary Romance Bundle (Teasing Trent, One More Day, The Things I Do for You)~ A USA TODAY BESTSELLER ~ Catch up on the bestselling ALEXANDERS series and save $$ buying the first 3 books in one volume! - One More Day On the run from a murderer, Ridley Wells has nowhere else to turn. So when badboy producer Jackson Alexander mistakes her for her twin, she does something she knows is wrong. She lies. - The Things I Do For You ...
One Last Night (BBW Romantic Suspense)Terrified, on the run and out of people to trust, Carly Chase only has one chance to survive the danger she's in. One last night to face the criminals hunting her and overcome the past that still haunts her. Away from the security of sexy cop Sam Rollins' arms, the plus-size beauty has to be stronger and braver than ever before. But when a new betrayal comes to light, no one involved will ever be


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Three to See: 2016 Rogers Cup, Day 3
Previewing and predicting Djokovic-Muller, Williams-Strycova and Dimitrov-Shapovalov.
Previewing and predicting Djokovic-Muller, Williams-Strycova and Dimitrov-Shapovalov.
The Bulgarian, who's had a nightmarish season, made it to the third round of Wimbledon before losing to Johnson.
Grigor Dimitrov had that 2014 feeling again on Thursday. Is it here to stay?
The Bulgarian, who had lost in the first round five straight times heading into Wimbledon, defeated Fratangelo handily.
We asked Roger Federer, Grigor Dimitrov and Gael Monfils.
Can the slumping Bulgarian learn from Genie, who putting an awful year behind her?
Previewing and predicting Wawrinka-Rosol, Troicki-Dimitrov, Stephens-Gasparyan and Murray-Stepanek.
Previewing and predicting Kvitova-Kovinic, Troicki-Dimitrov and Stephens-Gasparyan.
Murray moves on; Chirico's run ends; Dimitrov reflects.


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I'm happy with this product.
It performs very well; much to my satisfaction. The feature I'm particularly impressed with is the moisture sensor. If the machine senses the target moisture level is reached, it turns off the machine...Read complete review
It performs very well; much to my satisfaction. The feature I'm particularly impressed with is the moisture sensor. If the machine senses the target moisture level is reached, it turns off the machine short of the planned drying time. The only sorry thing I came across is the defective filter that came with the machine. There was a small tear in the screen where it attaches to the plastic body. Quality checking was not done properly. Samsung replaced it w/o delay when i reported it.
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Awesome Features, Looks and Performance. Horrible Longevity
I purchased this dryer 7 days ago. I loved the features and looks of this dryer. We were planning on purchasing the washing machine next weekend, but have decided to go a different...Read complete review
I purchased this dryer 7 days ago. I loved the features and looks of this dryer. We were planning on purchasing the washing machine next weekend, but have decided to go a different route. The dryer has already broken down. The DE code has been thrown and the dryer will not function. My Poor wife is having to drive wet laundry to her parents to dry. I would expect years before having a problem out of a dryer this price, but only 1 short week in, and maybe 8 loads of laundry, she is BROKEN!
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By busymommy87
from Alhambra, CA, USA
Comments about Samsung White Top Loading Gas Dryer:
I love this dryer it has so many ways to dry even my delicates
Bottom Line Yes, I would recommend this to a friend
Was this review helpful? Yes / No
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Comment on this review
Wonderful Dryer
By almostretired
from Howell, MI, USA
An excellent product with tremendous features. Love the steam feature for shirts
great new dryer
By the3hoots
from Verona, NJ, USA
This is a great dryer to get. It has many new features including some that I probably won't use but they are nice to have anyway. The machine is quiet and dries well. It was worth the price that I paid for it.
I love it!!!!
By MickeyBabe8416
from Cicero, IL, USA
I bought it in November. Read some reviews and I loved how it can handle my big blankets. I've had no issues with it and I hope it stays like that. I like that song it plays to let you know when it's done. But you can always shut it off if you'd like.
I like it!
By lonham
from Louisiana
Quiet, dries thoroughly, fewer wrinkles. Lots of features.
Satisfied with Clothes Dryer
By Squire406
from Oregon, USA
Great product. Works as advertised and expected after my previous research. So far a bad door switch has been the only problem and was very quickly fixed.
By Weetie76
from Undisclosed
Love this product. I would recommend to any one. I love how quiet these are
Love the dryer
By Cemay
from Kennewick WA
Love the washer and dryer. I had a different brand and did not like either one of them. On the dryer, I had to run it through the cycle in order to get the clothes completely dry. I love all the features on the Samsung. It has so many choices depending on the type of clothes you had to dry. Couldn't ask for a better dryer.
Good value
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Editor's note: Our weekly "Faceoff" returns this season as ESPN.com NHL writers Scott Burnside (based in Atlanta) and Pierre LeBrun (based in Toronto) duke it out over any given hockey topic. Let the games begin!
This week's topic: Assessing some of the NHL's bottom-feeders at the quarter mark. Can they rebound and reach the postseason?
Scott Burnside: Pierre! C'as vas? I know you're in Montreal for Patrick Roy's big sweater-raising, so I thought I'd trot out my French for you. Le gateau est sur la table. Should be an interesting weekend in Montreal. But what I'm interested in talking about is how some of the NHL's bottom-feeders are making some noise. Specifically, the New York Islanders are on a 5-2-1 sprint, the Thrashers recently won five in a row, and the Los Angeles Kings had a four-game winning streak, including a sweep of the Dallas Stars. What gives?
Pierre LeBrun: Scotty, it always amazes me that the only French saying you know is, "The cake is on the table." Not sure whether that speaks to some dark emotional issues you have from your childhood.
In any case, I wouldn't get too caught up in some of the lightweight NHL teams winning some games. It's called parity. That's what happens when you have a salary cap. Only three points separated eighth place from last in the East. Everyone's got a shot, at least until late January or so, and then we start to see more of a gap between the teams headed somewhere and the teams facing reality. Still, there will be some great races for seventh and eighth in both conferences.
Burnside: At some point, I guess, we'll see some separation, as we always do, but do you think any of those teams that were considered long, long, long shots at the start of the season have a chance of making the playoffs? I should have included the Toronto Maple Leafs in that group, too, as they were tied for the final playoff spot in the Eastern Conference before play Thursday. Do any of them have the kind of lineup that you think has staying power?
LeBrun: Of that group, I would say Toronto has the best shot and L.A. the worst. For starters, the East is so much weaker, so that's the only reason I'd automatically count out the Kings. But they're on the right track. The Leafs have leveled off after a nice start, but under coach Ron Wilson, I think they will claw out enough wins to stay in the mix until at least March. The Thrashers are getting a lot of offense from players who might be flying under the radar, guys such as Bryan Little or Erik Christensen -- but, in the end, they'll also fall short.
To me, the two most pressing questions when looking at the early jockeying for playoff spots are Ottawa and Dallas. Both are near the bottom of the respective conferences right now and neither club is showing a sign of life.
Burnside: Yes, the situation for teams like the Thrashers and Islanders, and even the Kings, looks better because perennial playoff teams like Ottawa and Dallas are uncharacteristically off. Frankly, I think the Stars have a much better chance of rebounding to playoff form than the Sens, mostly because they have a bona fide NHL starter in Marty Turco and a solid lineup that is even better with the addition of Mark Parrish. The Sens? With all due respect to goalie Alex Auld, one of the lone bright spots, how long can he continue his level of play? If he reverts to form and the Senators continue to struggle to put up offensive numbers, things could get downright ugly in the Canadian capital. Who goes first, GM Bryan Murray or forward Jason Spezza?
LeBrun: I agree with you on the Sens. And I suspect, given the mercurial nature of team owner Eugene Melnyk, Bryan Murray's term as GM may very well be in jeopardy. Melnyk can't stand losing. Spezza's no-trade clause doesn't kick in until July 1, so he is indeed movable. But the question you have to ask yourself is, what do you get in return? He's still a young guy with tons of offensive talent. Centers like Spezza don't grow on trees. That's why not every team has one. I do think Murray will make a trade over the next few weeks, but I don't see how it can be Spezza unless the Sens are offered similar marquee value in return.
Burnside: That's the Catch-22 for Murray; you don't have enough offense and you need a puck-moving defenseman, but to improve, you will have to move an offensive asset, either Spezza or someone like Antoine Vermette. The bottom line is the Senators are better than their record shows. How much better, I'm not sure, but the answer has to come from within. And fast.
I'm not sure the Leafs have enough to keep pace, especially if Vesa Toskala is going to keep getting lit up every night. How about those Isles, though? Aside from Simon Gagne in Philly, Doug Weight gets my early vote for comeback player of the first quarter.
LeBrun: I don't share your love for the Isles, Scotty. Not sure what you're smoking. I think they are apt to lose five games in a row at a moment's notice. I will run across press row naked at the Cup finals if the Islanders make the playoffs. Not enough talent or depth. Interesting to see Weight doing so well; I agree with that. His contract is massively incentive-based, so he's smart to keep playing this way.
I'll tell you one team that is hard to figure out -- Buffalo. The Sabres started the season like a house on fire and now look completely out of sorts. I spoke to coach Lindy Ruff this week for a blog item and he was alarmed at his team's defensive play.
Burnside: Thanks for that image of you prancing across press row at the finals, sans duds. Yikes. The NHL already has enough problems getting reporters to cover the finals. This will cut that number in half. But I digress.
Ruff won't be any happier after watching his team score four in the first against the Bruins and then collapse to lose 7-4. Ryan Miller was off to an Olympic-worthy start to the season, but got yanked against Boston and has been pretty ordinary. Of course, ordinary is the curse of most of the Eastern Conference. We were talking about trouble brewing in Ottawa; it'll be interesting to see how things shake down in Calgary and Edmonton, where both teams are struggling with consistency. Loved Craig MacTavish's assessment of Dustin Penner the other day; it's been a long time since a coach threw one of his players under the bus like that.
LeBrun: The thing about Edmonton is that people have to realize some of those young guys still need time to develop. As long as they hang around the eighth spot most of the season, people shouldn't be too upset. I do wonder what MacTavish is doing with his goaltending. Has Mathieu Garon been kidnapped? Where has he been? I know he was brutal for a few starts earlier this season, but where's the loyalty? I don't think I like the whole three-goalie thing, although I understand why the Oilers don't want to risk losing Jeff Drouin-Deslauriers on waivers. It's tough to make trades at this time of year, but they need to move either Garon or Dwayne Roloson ASAP. As for Calgary, I think the expectations were too high in that city. They're hanging out as a lower-bracket playoff seed right now and that's exactly what they are. They're not among the elite teams in the West. Anyone who expected otherwise was seriously misled.
Burnside: I agree with you on the Flames' possibilities, but what surprises me -- apart from Miikka Kiprusoff looking more and more like Andrew the goalie from Monday night hockey -- is that almost nothing appears to have changed about the Flames since Mike Keenan took over as coach. He was supposed to bring blue-collar Flames hockey back, but they're a million miles from the team that went to the Cup finals in 2004. I know the game has changed, but the Flames seem to have lost their way since the lockout. Three straight first-round knockouts, and it's not going to change anytime soon.
LeBrun: Keenan won't be back next season. What about Anaheim? The Ducks have a new GM, but the same old problem from last season -- inconsistency. Last season, there were legitimate excuses with the Cup hangover, and Scott Niedermayer and Teemu Selanne waiting until halfway through the season to come back and play. But what's the excuse now?
Burnside: Well, they did just lose a key defenseman for the season in Francois Beauchemin. And they did get red-hot in the second half in 2007-08. I like the Ducks to be a top-four team again. It'll be interesting to see if Bobby Ryan can make a difference, as their offensive depth looks again to be their Achilles' heel.
OK, last item -- do the fans go crazy for Patrick, or do they boo him Saturday night?
LeBrun: The place will rock for him. Time has healed those wounds. It was 13 years ago. The fans haven't forgotten that it was Patrick who was the biggest reason for their 1986 and 1993 Cup titles -- Montreal's last two NHL championships. It'll be interesting to see how Patrick reacts. He told me this week it figures to be an emotional moment, but he doesn't usually display that on the outside. I predict a tear or two and a long, rousing ovation like only Habs fans can deliver.
In the meantime, don't forget about the Grey Cup here in Montreal on Sunday night! Have you forgotten your Canadian roots, Scotty? Talk to you next week, you traitor.
Burnside: Grey Cup? Or is that Coupe Gris? Oui, j'ai mal a la tete. Have fun. Until next time.
Scott Burnside and Pierre LeBrun cover the NHL for ESPN.com. They were last heard debating whether Mr. Burnside has mastered the English language, as well.


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