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Aloe, or Aloe vera, is a succulent plant from Africa widely grown as an ornamental in warm regions. Many people have discovered the healing properties of the clear gel that fills the thick leaves of this plant. It is a superior home remedy for burns, so useful that you ought to keep a potted aloe plant in your kitchen to have available in case of an accident. There are many species of aloes, and many whose leaves are big enough to provide gel, but Aloe vera, the "true" aloe, has the best effect. You can buy the plants at most nurseries. They are easy to grow and will multiply for you as long as they have light and good drainage. To use the fresh plant, cut off a lower leaf near the central stalk, cut off any spines along the edge, split the leaf lengthwise, score the gel with the point of your knife, and apply it directly to the burn. It will soon soak into the skin and provide immediate, soothing relief. Use it on sunburn, thermal burns, and any areas of skin irritation or inflammation. You can also buy aloe products in drugstores and health-food stores. Its moisturizing properties make it a desirable ingredient of skin lotions and creams, but be warned that some cosmetics that boast of their aloe content have too little of it to do your skin much good. Read labels to determine the percentage of aloe gel in the formula. Aloe vera juice, sold in all health-food stores, is intended for internal use. The main use is to help heal ulcers and other irritations of the gastrointestinal tract. In high doses, aloe is an irritant laxative, so if you want it to soothe the lining of your GI tract, you must stay below the laxative dose. A reasonable amount to try is one teaspoon after meals. You can use the fresh gel, mashed up in a little fruit juice, or any commercial product that is pure. A lot of bottled aloe juice tastes nasty; shop around for a brand that is palatable.
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From our August issue: Clinical-Style Validation,...
Co-Sourcing Improves Pharmaceutical Laboratory Productivity
Researchers Now Have a Myriad of...
Loss of Lives in Clinical Trials...
NIH plans on spending $161.3 million over the next five years to expand the Pharmacogenomics Research Network (PGRN). The new awards include 14 scientific research projects and seven network resources.
The resources will offer deep DNA sequencing capacity, provide statistical analysis expertise, develop standardized terminology for pharmacogenomics research, pilot ways to learn about pharmacogenomics from de-identified medical records in healthcare systems, and expand a two-year-old international collaboration with the Center for Genomic Medicine at the RIKEN Institute in Yokohama, Japan.
Spearheaded by the NIH's National Institute of General Medical Sciences (NIGMS) and launched in 2000, the PGRN has linked gene variants to responses to medicines for different cancers, heart disease, asthma, nicotine addiction, and other conditions. The expanded network will continue research in these areas and move into new ones including rheumatoid arthritis and bipolar disorder. Network scientists will also develop novel research methods and study the use of pharmacogenetics in rural and underserved populations.
"Thanks to breakthroughs in genome-sequencing technologies and our growing understanding of genetic variation among individuals, there has never been a better time to propel the field of pharmacogenomics," comments NIH director Francis S. Collins, M.D., Ph.D. "Through these studies we are moving closer to the goal of using genetic information to help prescribe the safest, most effective medicine for each patient."
The lead investigators of the PGRN research groups receiving grants and anticipated five-year total costs are listed below:• Kathleen M. Giacomini, Ph.D., University of California, San Francisco, $11.9 million, Pharmacogenomics of Membrane Transporters (the Global Alliance for Pharmacogenomics resource listed below is also associated with this award)• Julie A. Johnson, Pharm.D., University of Florida, $9.8 million, Pharmacogenomic Evaluation of Antihypertensive Responses• John R. Kelsoe, M.D., University of California, San Diego, $6.4 million, Pharmacogenomics of Mood Stabilizer Response in Bipolar Disorder• Ronald M. Krauss, M.D., Children's Hospital Oakland Research Institute, $9.4 million, Pharmacogenomics and Risk of Cardiovascular Disease (the Human Exome Resequencing resource listed below is also associated with this award) • Caryn Lerman, Ph.D., University of Pennsylvania, and Rachel F. Tyndale, Ph.D., University of Toronto, $12 million, Pharmacogenetics of Nicotine Addiction Treatment• Robert M. Plenge, M.D., Ph.D., Brigham and Women's Hospital, $7.5 million, Genetic Predictors of Response to Anti-TNF Therapy in Rheumatoid Arthritis• Mark J. Ratain, M.D., Nancy J. Cox, Ph.D., and M. Eileen Dolan, Ph.D., University of Chicago, $10.3 million, PAAR—Pharmacogenomics of Anticancer Agents Research Group• Mary V. Relling, Pharm.D., St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, $8.6 million, PAAR4Kids—Pharmacogenomics of Anticancer Agents Research in Children• Dan M. Roden, M.D., Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, $12.4 million, Pharmacogenomics of Arrhythmia Therapy (two resources listed below—PGRN Statistical Analysis Resource and Pharmacogenomic Discovery and Replication in Very Large Populations—are also associated with this award)• Wolfgang Sadee, M.Pharm, Ohio State University, $9.1 million, Expression Genetics in Drug Therapy• Alan R. Shuldiner, M.D., University of Maryland, $11.4 million, Pharmacogenomics of Anti-Platelet Intervention-2 (PAPI-2) Study• Kenneth E. Thummel, Ph.D., and Wylie G. Burke, M.D., University of Washington, Seattle, $10.2 million, Pharmacogenetics in Rural and Underserved Populations• Richard M. Weinshilboum, M.D., Mayo Clinic, $11.2 million, Pharmacogenetics of Phase II Drug Metabolizing Enzymes (two resources listed below—Next Generation DNA Sequencing and Pharmacogenomic Ontology Network Resource—are also associated with this award)• Scott T. Weiss, M.D., and Kelan G. Tantisira, M.D., Brigham and Women's Hospital, $9.8 million, Pharmacogenetics of Asthma Treatment
The network resources and anticipated five-year total costs for each grant are listed below:• Kathleen M. Giacomini, Ph.D., University of California, San Francisco, $3.2 million, Global Alliance for Pharmacogenomics • Richard Gibbs, Ph.D., Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, $2.3 million, Next Generation DNA Sequencing• Elaine Mardis, Ph.D., Washington University, St. Louis, $3.0 million, Next Generation Sequencing • Deborah A. Nickerson, Ph.D., University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, $3.9 million, Human Exome Resequencing• Marylyn Ritchie, M.D., Vanderbilt University, PGRN Statistical Analysis Resource, $2.4 million• Dan M. Roden, M.D., Vanderbilt University Medical Center, $3.4 million, Pharmacogenomic Discovery and Replication in Very Large Populations• Christopher Chute, M.D., Mayo Clinic, $3.1 million, Pharmacogenomic Ontology Network Resource
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MDMA (commonly known as the empathogen "ecstasy") is classified as a Schedule 1 drug, which is reserved for compounds with no accepted medical use and a high abuse potential. Two researchers from Stanford, however, call for a rigorous scientific exploration of MDMA's effects to identify precisely how the drug works, the data from which could be used to develop therapeutic compounds.Do you agree that ecstasy should be studied for its potential therapeutic benefits?
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Cunningham Park Reservations
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Brussels, 2 December 2010 COM(2010) 712 final
COMMUNICATION FROM THE COMMISSION TO THE EUROPEAN PARLIAMENT, THE COUNCIL, THE EUROPEAN ECONOMIC AND SOCIAL COMMITTEE AND THE COMMITTEE OF THE REGIONS Reaping the benefits of electronic invoicing for Europe
COMMUNICATION FROM THE COMMISSION TO THE EUROPEAN PARLIAMENT, THE COUNCIL, THE EUROPEAN ECONOMIC AND SOCIAL COMMITTEE AND THE COMMITTEE OF THE REGIONS Reaping the benefits of electronic invoicing for Europe
The Europe 2020 strategy1 sets out a vision of a highly competitive European social market economy for the 21st century and emphasises that it is crucial to reap the full economic and social benefits of a digital society. To this end, electronic invoicing (e-invoicing) is part of the European Commission's flagship initiative A Digital Agenda for Europe2 which gives prominence to achieving a single digital market and calls for removal of the regulatory and technical barriers that prevent mass adoption of e-invoicing. To the detriment of consumers and enterprises alike, the existing rules that govern e-invoicing in Europe are still fragmented along national lines and most of the potential of e-invoicing is still untapped. What is more, exchanging e-invoices is still too complex and costly, in particular for SMEs. While 42 % of large enterprises say they receive or send e-invoices, adoption rate among SMEs remain at a lower level (22 %)3. As a result the average market penetration of e-invoicing remains rather low in Europe and is currently estimated at around 5 % of all invoices annually exchanged4 for Business to Business relations. This creates important opportunities for improvement. The mass adoption of e-invoicing within the EU would lead to significant economic benefits and it is estimated that moving from paper to e-invoices will generate savings of around EUR 240 billion over a six-year period5. Furthermore, due to the close link between invoicing and payment processes, the creation of the Single Euro Payments Area (SEPA) offers a launch pad for interoperable European e-invoicing schemes. The Commission wants to see e-invoicing become the predominant method of invoicing by 2020 in Europe. The Commission is committed to working in close cooperation with the Member States and all other stakeholders who will need to play their part to achieve this target and create the right environment for the widespread deployment of e-invoicing. Accordingly, this Communication addresses the following priorities: – to ensure legal certainty and a clear technical environment for e-invoices to facilitate mass adoption
1 2
3 4 5
COM(2010) 2020, http://ec.europa.eu/eu2020/index_en.htm. COM(2010) 245, http://eur-lex.europa.eu/LexUriServ/LexUriServ.do?uri=COM: 2010:0245:FIN:EN:PDF. Enterprises sending and/or receiving e-invoices, Eurostat, 2009. E-invoicing – E-billing in Europe, Billentis, 2009. SEPA potential benefits at stake, Capgemini, http://ec.europa.eu/internal_market/payments/docs/sepa/sepa-capgemini_study-final_report_en.pdf.
to encourage and promote the development of open and interoperable e-invoicing solutions based on a common standard, paying particular attention to the needs of SMEs to support the uptake of e-invoicing by setting up organisational structures, such as national e-Invoicing fora and a European Multi-Stakeholder Forum. BENEFITS FROM ELECTRONIC INVOICING
Unlike paper-based invoices, e-invoices provide all data in digital format. Such e-invoicing offers substantial benefits over paper invoicing. It allows for shorter payment delays, fewer errors, reduced printing and postage costs and, most importantly, fully integrated processing. One distinctive feature of the e-invoice is therefore its potential for automation, especially if the invoice is sent in a structured format: e-invoices can be generated and transferred automatically and directly from the issuer's or service provider's financial supply chain systems to those of the recipient. Most of the economic benefits therefore do not arise from savings in printing and postage costs but rather from the full process automation and integration from order to payment between trading parties. Furthermore, applying equal VAT rules on electronic and paper invoices is expected to reduce administrative burden on enterprises by up to a maximum of EUR 18 billion in the medium term as pointed out by the High Level Group on Administrative Burden6. Benefits from e-invoicing are also expected to affect consumers, in particular with regard to the convenience aspects of e-invoices in comparison with paper invoices. It should however be ensured that consumers with limited or no access to the internet should not be left behind and that consumers should always be allowed to ask for a paper invoice. In addition and in accordance with the EU Charter on Fundamental rights, e-invoicing should comply with the protection of personal data and the right of private life. Finally, the environmental benefits of e-invoicing in terms of reducing paper consumption and energy costs for transportation are also significant, generating carbon savings which could amount to reductions in CO2 emissions of 1 million tonnes per annum7 for the EU. 3. INVOLVING STAKEHOLDERS
Responding to market needs and the calls of stakeholders, the European Commission set up an Expert Group on e-invoicing to look at the barriers impeding a faster uptake of e-invoicing within the EU. At the end of 2009, the Expert Group published its final report, including a proposal for a European Electronic Invoicing (EEI) Framework8.
COM(2009) 15, http://eur-lex.europa.eu/LexUriServ/LexUriServ.do?uri=COM:2009:0015:FIN:EN:PDF. This is an extrapolation based on a study from the Department of Environmental Strategies research at the Royal Institute of Technology in Sweden, estimating the total effect of replacing paper with electronic invoices would lead to annual carbon reductions corresponding to 39°000 tot 41°000 tons of CO2-equivalents per year. Final Report of the Expert Group on Electronic Invoicing, http://ec.europa.eu/internal_market/consultations/docs/2009/e-invoicing/report_en.pdf.
Their main recommendations can be summarised as follows: – – Meeting the needs of SMEs as a priority focus, by concentrating on a number of specific business requirements. The harmonisation of and the provision of clarity for the legal and VAT framework across the EU on the basis of equal treatment between paper and e-invoices and supported by a Code of Practice prepared by the Expert Group. The creation of an e-invoicing eco-system that provides maximum interoperability and reach. The adoption by all actors within both the private and public sector of a common invoice content standard and data model – the UN/CEFACT Cross-Industry Invoice (CII) v.2. The establishment of an organisational process for implementation of the EEI Framework at Member State and EU level.
– –
The report was subject to a public consultation9 enabling all stakeholders to react to the proposed recommendations. The majority of respondents agreed with the report's main messages, recommendations and conclusions. The stakeholder consultation process was concluded with a major conference on the topic of e-invoicing in Europe10 held under the auspices of the Spanish Presidency of the Council on 27 and 28 April 2010 in Madrid. The conference also validated the recommendations of the Expert Group whose proposals were globally supported. 4. 4.1. LANDSCAPE OF ELECTRONIC INVOICING IN THE EUROPEAN UNION Adoption rate of electronic invoices
To date, adoption rates of e-invoices are relatively low and vary widely among Member States. While 23 % of enterprises say they receive or send e-invoices11 (ranging from 8 % to 41 % in EU27), the number of exchanged structured e-invoices still remains low, particularly among SMEs. On the supply side, the e-invoicing market is largely fragmented. More than 400 e-invoicing service providers are active in the EU mainly at domestic level, offering a wide variety of e-invoicing business models.
10 11
The summary of responses to the public consultation, http://ec.europa.eu/enterprise/newsroom/cf/document.cfm?action=display&doc_id=5814&userservice_i d=1&request.id=0. http://ec.europa.eu/enterprise/sectors/ict/e-invoicing/benefits/conference_electronic_invoicing_en.htm Enterprises sending and/or receiving e-invoices, Eurostat, 2009, http://epp.eurostat.ec.europa.eu/tgm/graph.do?tab=graph&plugin=0&language=en&pcode=tin00114.
In some Member States12, public sector initiatives have emerged or are emerging, to make e-invoicing mandatory for public procurement. These projects are critical to accelerate the market penetration of e-invoicing. At European level, the Commission has launched the PEPPOL project13 (Pan-European Public Procurement On-line) which aims to make electronic communication between enterprises (including SMEs) and government bodies possible throughout the EU for all procurement processes, including the exchange of invoices. The developed interoperable e-invoicing solution could be reused also beyond public procurement in the business to business context. 4.2. E-invoicing in the Single Euro Payments Area (SEPA14)
Invoices represent just one step in the overall purchase-to-pay financial supply chain. In particular by virtue of the close link between invoices and payments, it is important to embed e-invoicing in the wider context of an integrated electronic payments market. The creation of a single integrated euro payments area which has been strongly supported by the Commission from the outset facilitates the linking of invoicing and payment processes. While SEPA and e-invoicing are distinct projects, they are nevertheless mutually beneficial. SEPA could create a launching path for a successful e-invoicing initiative by promoting full process integration across the financial supply chain and mass adoption of e-invoicing could benefit SEPA migration due to the close link between payments and invoices. SEPA aims at end-to-end straight-through-processing of payments. This eliminates the need for manual intervention, thereby creating substantial economic benefits. Therefore, an e-invoice standard should be coherent with the ISO 20022 financial services messaging standard, which is being used in the context of SEPA. 4.3. 4.3.1. Current legal and technical environment for electronic invoices and potential burdens for adoption Legal aspects
188.8.131.52. VAT and rules on electronic invoicing Through the options available to Member States, the legal provisions currently in force on VAT regarding e-invoicing within the EU have produced a disjointed set of requirements. This has created complexity for trading parties wishing to use e-invoicing solutions, especially for enterprises which operate across borders. However, on 13 July 2010 the Council adopted Directive 2010/45/EU amending Directive 2006/112/EC on the common system of value added tax as regards the rules on invoicing15. This Directive, which will be transposed by 1 January 2013, sets out new VAT rules as regards e-invoicing and removes the obstacles to the uptake of e-invoicing by creating equal treatment between paper and e-invoices, while also ensuring that no additional requirements
13 14 15
Initiatives have emerged in Denmark, Finland, Italy, Spain, Sweden to make e-invoicing mandatory for public authorities under distinct timeframes. Final Report of the Expert Group on e-Invoicing, 2009, pp. 15-16, http://ec.europa.eu/internal_market/consultations/docs/2009/e-invoicing/report_en.pdf. Further information on this initiative on www.peppol.eu. http://ec.europa.eu/internal_market/payments/sepa/index_en.htm Directive 2010/45/EU, http://eur-lex.europa.eu/LexUriServ/LexUriServ.do?uri=OJ:L:2010:189:0001:0008:EN:PDF.
are imposed on paper invoices. According to the new Article 233 of the Directive, businesses will be free to send and receive e-invoices providing they maintain "business controls which create a reliable audit trail between an invoice and a supply of goods or services" in the same way as is currently done for paper invoices. 126.96.36.199. Other legal aspects Apart from legislation on VAT, e-invoicing is embedded in a patchwork of legal requirements which cover rules on accounting, auditing, protection of personal data, archiving and customs. While VAT is generally considered a key hurdle, it is necessary to identify if these other legal rules constitute further barriers to the uptake of e-invoicing within the EU. Some e-invoicing solutions make use of electronic signatures (e-signatures). However, the diversity of legal requirements among Member States for e-signatures have led to cross border interoperability problems which contributed to slow down the uptake of cross-border e-invoicing solutions in so far as they make use of e-signatures. Despite the positive impact of existing legal provisions on the use of e-signatures and the political commitments taken by the Member States and the Commission, a more coordinated and comprehensive approach is needed to facilitate the EU-wide cross-border interoperability of e-signatures. To this end in the framework of the Digital Agenda, the Commission proposed to revise the current Directive 1999/93/EC 16 on e-signatures. 4.3.2. Interoperability and reach
Interoperability of e-invoicing solutions provides trading parties with the ability in practice to exchange e-invoices across multiple technologies and organisational boundaries, based on common legal requirements, business processes and technical standards. The lack of interoperability between distinct business models and solutions entails the risk that enterprises and especially SMEs may need to invest in multiple systems and solutions when exchanging e-invoices. This leads to unnecessary costs and further hampers mass adoption. By means of interoperable e-invoicing solutions, it will be possible to create over time a number of interconnected and interoperable networks where a maximum number of trading parties can be reached. 4.3.3. Standards
In the current environment, there is no globally used standard for e-invoicing. The diversity of data and usage requirements, and very different approaches to their implementation, have led to market fragmentation. None of the existing formats has so far achieved dominance. Electronic Data Interchange (EDI17) which is still used by many multinational companies is often impractical for the mass of SMEs. Likewise many proprietary formats are only used by one multinational company and its suppliers. As a consequence, market players, such as enterprises, software companies and financial service providers nowadays need to support multiple formats, necessitating the
Directive 1999/93/EC, http://eur-lex.europa.eu/LexUriServ/LexUriServ.do?uri=OJ:L:2000:013:0012:0020:EN:PDF. Commission Recommendation 1994/820/EC, http://eur-lex.europa.eu/LexUriServ/LexUriServ.do?uri=CELEX:31994H0820:EN:HTML.
need for substantial mapping and conversion exercises to cope with data expressed in different syntaxes. Several international and European standardisation organisations are currently working on e-invoicing standardisation. At international level, the United Nations Centre for Trade Facilitation and Electronic Business (UN/CEFACT) has developed and is maintaining the Cross-Industry Invoice (CII) standard and data model, and has cooperated with the Organisation for the Advancement of Structured Information Standards (OASIS), for the convergence between the Universal Business Language (UBL) invoice and the CII standard. Moreover, UN/CEFACT is cooperating with ISO (International Organisation for Standardisation) for the integration of the CII data model in the ISO 20022 Invoice message. At European level, the European Committee for Standardization (CEN) is running a number of workshops on specific e-invoicing implementation issues18. 5. 5.1. A STRATEGY TO FOSTER THE UPTAKE OF ELECTRONIC INVOICING Key priorities to promote e-invoicing within the EU
On the basis of the recommendations of the Expert Group and the conclusions of the public consultation, the Commission proposes to support the mass uptake of e-invoicing by focusing on the following four key priorities. 5.1.1. Ensure a consistent legal environment for e-invoicing
As of 1 January 2013, new VAT rules on e-invoicing provided for by Council Directive 2010/45/EU will require Member States to adhere to the principle of equal treatment between paper and e-invoices. Member States will no longer be allowed to add specific requirements such as insisting that e-invoices be based on advanced electronic signatures or EDI. Instead these technological choices will become options which can still be used, as can business controls, by businesses to guarantee the 'authenticity of the origin' and the 'integrity of the content' of e-invoices. Any differences in the interpretation and subsequent transposition of the rules by Member States could present practical difficulties for the use of e-invoices. This could increase burdens and compliance costs on business, thereby restricting the uptake of e-invoicing. Therefore, the Commission will work closely with the Member States to ensure a common understanding of the new e-invoicing rules to help achieve a consistent and coherent transposition of the Directive 2010/45/EU. Actions: 1.1 To ensure a consistent and timely transposition of the new VAT Directive, the Commission will organise a Fiscalis19 seminar, involving all Member States' tax
The CEN Workshop on e-Invoicing set up the E-Invoice Gateway (http://www.e-invoice-gateway.net), an independent portal that provides guidance and country-related information on e-invoicing. Fiscalis 2013 is an EU cooperation programme enabling national tax administrations to create and exchange information and expertise, for more information: http://ec.europa.eu/taxation_customs/taxation/tax_cooperation/fiscalis_programme/fiscalis2013/index_e n.htm.
administrations in February 2011. After this, the Commission will assess the need for further guidance to Member States and businesses. 1.2 To anticipate the principle of equal treatment as laid down in the new VAT Directive; Member States are called upon to allow invoices to be sent and made available by 'other electronic means' as provided for in Article 233 of the current VAT Directive (2006/112/EC). An external study for the Commission is looking at alternative VAT collection methods including the role of e-invoicing. The Commission will present these findings and publish before the end of 2010 a Green Paper on the future of VAT to stimulate debate on issues such as how the new developments in IT technologies could facilitate VAT collection. The Commission will propose in 2011 a revision of the Directive (1999/93/EC) on e-signatures with a view to providing a legal framework for cross-border recognition and interoperability of secure e-authentication systems. Achieve mass market adoption by reaching Small and Medium-sized Enterprises
The objective of fostering the uptake of e-invoicing in the EU cannot be achieved without SMEs which represent more than 99 % of European businesses. While many large enterprises already use e-invoices, the adoption level by SMEs remains relatively low. The Small Business Act20 committed the EU to the 'Think Small First' principle, i.e. to focus on the needs of SMEs. This should also apply to the e-invoicing market, which should offer simple, cheap, reliable and VAT-compliant solutions to SMEs. Small enterprises work with many different trading parties (large enterprises, consumers, public authorities, other SMEs) who may require them to use e-invoicing according to different technical solutions. The development of interoperable processes and standards along the supply chains, including e-invoicing, will facilitate mass adoption by SMEs. To increase the participation of SMEs in digital supply chains, the Commission supports large-scale demonstration actions in industry and service sectors (fashion, automotive, transports and logistics). These projects aim to improve business transactions and contribute to the increase of innovation capacity and competitiveness of enterprises. Therefore, it is not only important that small businesses are prepared internally (in terms of knowledge and infrastructure) for this transition but also that, externally, the e-invoicing service providers develop services and solutions that require a low investment in infrastructure and skills so that e-invoicing enables SMEs to improve efficiency and create operational savings. The Commission considers that the following actions will help SMEs to reap the full benefits of the dematerialisation of invoices. Actions:
COM(2008) 394, http://eur-lex.europa.eu/LexUriServ/LexUriServ.do?uri=COM:2008:0394:FIN:EN:PDF.
The Commission will thoroughly assess the effect of any future technical and legal requirements for e-invoicing on SMEs by applying the 'Think Small First' principle and the 'SME test' and expects Member States and standardisation organisations to do the same. The Commission will organise and participate in awareness-raising activities to inform SMEs about the potential of e-invoicing. Synergies with existing promotional activities (e.g. the European SME week, E-skills week) and networks (e.g. European e-Business Support Network, European Enterprise Network) will be explored. The Commission will continue and expand initiatives that promote the participation of SMEs in digital supply chains. In 2011, two new actions will be launched in the framework of the Competitiveness and Innovation Programme (CIP). Stimulate an environment that creates maximum reach
It is vital to create an environment that enables a maximum number of trading parties to exchange invoices to ensure the mass uptake of e-invoicing. While actions currently under way will improve interoperability of e-invoices, the Commission sees the need for further actions at the organisational and technical level21. Major progress on these recommendations should be achieved before the transposition deadline of the VAT Directive (1 January 2013). First, clear roles and responsibilities of trading parties and service providers as regards interoperability at organisational level should be defined and adopted by market participants through a Code of Practice. Furthermore, the adoption and use of unambiguous and widely recognised identifiers and/or addresses of trading parties and service providers would facilitate the processing of e-invoices. In addition, to ensure that e-invoicing models are able to interconnect, trading parties and service providers should search alignment on matters such as risk management, addressing and routing, roaming agreements, standards, communication workflows and security requirements. The following actions are required to ensure that over time, trading parties can interconnect and create an EU or even wider network delivering mass adoption of e-invoicing. Actions: 3.1 CEN should develop by end of 2011, a Code of Practice taking into account the work of the Expert Group on e-invoicing. This Code of Practice, to be adopted by trading parties, services providers and public authorities, should include a consistent terminology and a definition of roles and responsibilities of the distinct actors within the e-invoicing process. CEN should analyse by end of 2011 the need and propose actions for the adoption of interoperable addressing and routing procedures by the e-invoicing industry participants.
Along the lines of the forthcoming European Interoperability Framework (EIF) for public services, four layers of inter-operability can be distinguished: legal, organisational, semantic and technical.
Promote an e-invoice standard data model
One of the key challenges for e-invoicing deployment is to define a single and clear semantic data model describing the information elements required for e-invoices. One common data model will facilitate semantic interoperability and ensure technology neutrality. As per the recommendations of the Expert Group, "the UN/CEFACT Cross-Industry Invoice (CII) v.2 should be adopted as the common reference semantic data model upon which future e-invoice content standard solutions are based". It should be left to the market to define how this data model is subsequently adapted to suit it to specific business needs. All market actors within both the private and public sectors are encouraged to develop and implement, or to converge on, solutions that are compliant with the CII v.2 data model. In addition, the implementation of this data model should be supported by international standards organisations to ensure accessibility and stability in terms of ongoing governance, maintenance and quality. In Europe, CEN, through its technical committees and workshops, should act as a facilitator to drive forward the implementation of relevant standards and supporting implementation guidelines, and to ensure international standards bodies support the European requirements. However, in the short term, the convergence to a single standard should not prevent existing e-invoicing solutions from being used, provided those solutions conform, or converge towards, the requirements of the common e-invoice data model. Actions: 4.1 In 2011, CEN will design implementation guidelines for the CII v.2 data model. These guidelines should be based on the core invoice data set proposed by the Expert Group on e-invoicing and take into account the ISO 20022 Invoice message, the work of the CEN e-Invoicing, BII and EBES workshops, and other initiatives such as the PEPPOL project. Depending on market demand, the development of further guidelines covering other domains/business processes should be envisaged. 4.2 CEN will work with international standards organisations, such as UN/CEFACT and ISO, and communicate specific requirements for further development of the CII data model. UN/CEFACT is invited to pursue the fast development of e-business messages that are complementary to the e-invoice, and will improve the ability of businesses, trade and administrative organisations to exchange products and relevant services effectively. Organising the deployment of e-invoicing within the EU
Coordinated action is necessary both at national and at European level to support the deployment of e-invoicing. This will promote compatible national solutions to improve the functioning of the internal market by making cross-border transactions more efficient and less burdensome for consumers, businesses and public authorities.
Promoting e-invoicing at national level
Member States are well-placed for advocating, developing and facilitating the use of e-invoicing. They should ensure that their national commercial, taxation and procurement practices contribute to the development of an e-invoicing environment with EU-wide reach. Action: 5.1 – – Member States should develop a strategy to promote e-invoicing at national level. This strategy should have the objective to: advocate the use of e-invoicing, in particular by SMEs coordinate at national level existing and forthcoming initiatives to promote the uptake of e-invoicing, including the legal, standardisation and interoperability aspects with a European dimension monitor and set targets for the adoption level of e-invoicing. To support the realisation of these objectives, Member States should put in place national multi-stakeholder e-invoicing fora and inform the Commission of their establishment by June 2011. National fora should ensure a balanced representation of stakeholders, with sufficient participation of public authorities and users of e-invoicing services including consumers, SMEs and large businesses. Promoting e-invoicing at European level
– 5.2
The actions at Member State level should be coordinated to make sure that e-invoices can be freely exchanged within the EU. Particular attention should be given to facilitating cross-border transactions, especially for SMEs. Action: 6.1 The Commission will establish for 3 years a European multi-stakeholder e-invoicing forum, hereinafter 'the European E-invoicing Forum', composed of delegates from national fora and representatives of relevant European associations from the users' community, CEN, the European Central Bank (ECB) and the Article 29 Data Protection Working Party22. The European E-Invoicing Forum's main tasks will be to assist the Commission in the following areas: – – monitor the development of the e-invoicing market and the e-invoicing adoption level in industry and services sectors across Member States bring about an exchange of experience and good practice that facilitates the emergence of inter-operable e-invoicing solutions
Directive 95/46/EC, OJ L 281, 23.11.1995, p. 31–50.
– – 6.2
point out problems encountered, in particular as regards cross-border transactions, and propose appropriate solutions support and monitor work leading to the adoption of a e-invoice standard data model The Commission and all the other EU institutions should lead by example by implementing e-invoicing for their own public procurement purposes. In particular, the Commission will pursue the roll-out of the e-Prior project. In 2011, the Commission will work towards better statistical monitoring of e-invoicing adoption. CONCLUSION
The mass adoption of e-invoicing is expected to bring benefits to the EU as a whole and to contribute to its competitiveness. Outside the EU, the market penetration of e-invoicing is growing substantially and it is critical that the EU is not lagging behind these developments. Member States and stakeholders are invited to endorse the proposed key priorities and actions to achieve the objective of mass adoption of e-invoicing. The Commission will monitor closely all actions and the uptake of e-invoicing and will, by end of 2013, present a progress report to the Council and the European Parliament. In case the progress report shows unsatisfactory progress of e-invoicing adoption and ongoing fragmentation, further actions and recommendations could be taken to address those areas that are preventing mass adoption. The deployment of e-invoicing by setting-up governance structures such as the National Fora and the European Multi-Stakeholder Forum should help to build a consistent EU approach on e-invoicing and facilitate the emergence of an interoperable pan-European e-invoicing environment.
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The following is a picture taken by my buddy Mark Fairchild during our travels in eastern Turkey. Maybe it was one of Santa's helpers???? I mean it must have taken elves to stack that stuff one on top of the other. Notice that the back tires are entirely flat!!! … [Read more...]
Truckin….. Turkish Style
The Hobbit— Part One: Darkness Creeps into Middle Earth
By now, if you have not been living in a hole in the ground, you will know that the Hobbit is the prequel to the Lord of the Rings. You may also know that it has been vivisected into three segments... the first of which Peter Jackson has entitled 'An Unexpected Journey'. Here's where I tell you the journey takes some two hours and 46 minutes. This is not a children's film, I repeat not a children's film, and not just because of its length. There are in addition so many scary video game like … [Read more...]
The Complete Hobbit Soundtrack
http://www.empireonline.com/news/story.asp?NID=35757 … [Read more...]
'The Christian World of the Hobbit?' Part Two
The theme of providence is actually raised in the Hobbit (and its sequels) in an unusual way-- it is called, 'luck of an unusual kind'(and one might add, to an unusual degree). Bilbo was 'meant' to find the ring, and 'meant' to bring it back, and 'meant' to pass it on to Frodo, who in turn was 'meant' to take it to Mt. Mordor and dispose of it. The unseen hand has an invisible plan, but at the same time, Tolkien's world is not a world of sheer pre-determination. To use Lewis' terminology … [Read more...]
'The Christian World of the Hobbit?' Part One
With the Hobbit frenzy now being at fever pitch, Abingdon Press has done well to publish a book such as Devin Brown's latest exploration of one of the Inklings works entitled 'The Christian World of the Hobbit' (208 pages, Abingdon, 2012). Brown is an accomplished scholar who teaches at Asbury University and he has previously spent a good deal of his research and writing time on the Chronicles of Narnia. Now that the filming of that good ship Narnia has sailed, or better said sunk, with the … [Read more...]
The Hobbits are Coming, the Hobbits are Coming (Dec. 14th)!
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=b1SJ7yaa7cI … [Read more...]
What's Really Happening at Christmas?
Give me Liberty, or Give Me Football
Here is an interesting article from the NY Times about the attempt to develop big time NCAA football at Liberty University, creating an Evangelical powerhouse longing to rival Notre Dame, or say Baylor. See what you think.http://www.nytimes.com/2012/11/11/sports/ncaafootball/in-virginias-hills-a-football-crusade.html?nl=todaysheadlines&emc=edit_th_20121111 … [Read more...]
The Christy Fund— a Christmas Option
For those who have asked, the way to donate to the Christy Ann Witherington scholarship fund is by going to https://www.asburyseminary.edu/give/give-online , filling out the form and specifying under the "other" category the "Christy Witherington Scholarship". Of course, you can also mail checks to the Asbury Seminary Advancement Office and just specify the scholarship on the check memo or in a note.Ann and I wrote the following poem for the ebook.WHEN A DAUGHTER DIES…When a daughter … [Read more...]


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Jack Nunn Featured In Organic Spa Magazine
An Ironman and Triathlon champion—and U.S. National Rowing Team Medalist—shares tips on how to stay motivated
From Organic Spa Magazine June 2016 Issue
By Rona Berg
Rowing classes are on fire at exercise studios around the country. A full-body workout, rowing burns up to 800 calories per hour, it's low-impact and it's fun. We asked Jack Nunn, an international rowing, triathlon and Ironman champion, and founder of Roworx (roworx.com) to share workout tips and ways to stay motivated.


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After updating Contact Form 7 to the latest build, the captcha stopped working. The only solution anyone found was to downgrade from that to the previous version. Now the captcha is working again but I lost all of my forms. I'm trying to rebuild them but unfortunately, CF7 to Database is no longer picking up my forms. It still sees the old ones but not the new ones.
Does anyone have an idea on how I can get it to recognize the new forms I've had to rebuild?


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- Town/Country : Not specified
- Title : Mister
- Birth Date : Tuesday 15 July 1997 (19 years old)
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- Number of visits : 6030
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About Pickstar97a : Meh.
About Pickstar97a : Meh.
You've used FML's private messaging service for the first time. Will they reply? Wait and see…
Hard at Work
Voting on an FML from the Work category on a Monday between 8 and 9am, how ironic.
I moderated this!
In "Moderate the FMLs", you voted Yes on a story that was subsequently published. Well done!
Today, I was writing to my girlfriend on msn when her roommate answered «Sorry, this is not Marie, she is at her boyfriend's». Really? I've looked everywhere in my flat, I can't find her. FML
by Icy / 10/25/2008 at 12:56pm / Love
Today, the real estate guy came with potential buyers to visit my house. He opened my bedroom while I was wanking. FML
by rmL / 10/13/2008 at 4:31am / Intimacy


text: Show Us Your 10-Year-Old PlayStation 2Mike Fahey3/04/10 4:20pm4341EditInvite manuallyPromoteDismissUndismissHideGo to permalink The PlayStation 2 is 10-years-old today, and just saying happy birthday and talking about our PS2 experiences isn't enough! Take a picture of your PS2 and share it with the class. You show us yours, and I'll show you mine.


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Ajax Jobs in Sheffield, South Yorkshire
Jobs 1 to 1 of 1
Python Developer (Python /HTML / SQL / PHP)
You will have a Computer related degree and/or adequate commercial experience... Python 2.6/3.4. SQL with MySQL. Javascript/jQuery/Ajax. HTML/CSS... Theideal candidate will be able to demonstrate the following skills, attributesand experience: - An intelligentself-starter with the ability to work on their own initiative to...
Sheffield, South Yorkshire -
The Bridge Ltd
Salary: From £30,000 to £40,000 per annumPosted: Yesterday
Ajax Jobs in Sheffield


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SOURCE: BBC News
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'Cursing stone' found on Isle of CannaBreaking News
A stone discovered by chance on the Isle of Canna is Scotland's first known example of a bullaun "cursing stone", experts have revealed.
Dating from about 800 AD, the stones are associated with early Christian crosses - of which there is one on the isle.
It was found in an old graveyard by a National Trust for Scotland (NTS) farm manager.
The stone is about 25cm in diameter and engraved with an early Christian cross....
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09/10/2016 - 09/11/2016 09/10/2016 - 09/11/2016
At Murrysville (Pa.) Sports Zone. Two rinks (one indoor, one outdoor). Located just east of Pittsburgh on Route 22. Ten minutes from exit 57 (Pittsburgh) of PA Turnpike. Adult Rec A, Adult Rec B & Co-ed. $600 per team. Three games guaranteed. Team & individual prizes. Plenty of hotels & restaurants nearby.
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Fashion groupies swooned over Lupita Nyong'o's… Read More
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NEW YORK CITY-Mega-restaurateur Stephen Hanson's BR Guest Hospitality has sold a five-story building situated at 206 Spring St. to Corigin Real Estate Group. The value of the deal was not revealed. Hanson's 3-star Italian eatery Fiamma was the tenant of the building. After the closing of Fiamma in early 2009, the property was utilized as a catering facility by BR Guest.
In the mean time, the Altamarea Group has inked a lease to occupy the three floors of 206 Spring St. For the full story, go to New York Post .
GlobeSt.com News Hub is your link to relevant real estate and business stories from other local, regional and national publications.


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Baby Shade Pool - Crab
product code: 135463
see more in this range by ELC
Buy any 3 ELC outdoor toys and get the cheapest one FREE
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A great first paddling pool, your little one will love the cute crab design of the baby shade pool.
Designed with a comfy padded base, this pool comes with an inflatable shade that also acts as the crab's shell: providing a fun haven to play in, the shell also keeps your child shaded from the sun to keep them cool and protected.
You can also fill the pool with playballs (available separately) for indoor fun.
Warning: Never leave a child unattended in the water.
How does this help my child ?
Instils confidenceInstils confidence
This toy helps your child feel secure and happy, and enjoy good self-esteem.
Physical DevelopmentPhysical Development
This toy helps your child develop coordination, balance and strength.
- Weight: 6 kg
- Height: 75 cm
- Width: 106 cm
- Depth: 118 cm
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Hadoop Distributed File System (HDFS) has been widely adopted to support Internet applications because of its reliable, scalable and low-cost storage capability. Blue Sky, one of the most popular e-Learning resource sharing systems in China, is utilizing HDFS to store massive courseware. However, due to the inefficient access mechanism of HDFS, access latency of reading files from HDFS significantly impacts the performance of processing user requests. This paper introduces a two-level correlation based file prefetching approach, taking the characteristics of HDFS into consideration, to improve performance by reducing access latency. Four placement patterns to store prefetched data are presented, with policies to achieve trade-off between performance and efficiency of HDFS prefetching. Moreover, a dynamic replica selection algorithm is investigated to improve the efficiency of HDFS prefetching. The proposed prefetching approach has been implemented in Blue Sky, and experimental results prove that correlation based file prefetching can significantly reduce access latency therefore improve performance of Hadoop-based Internet applications.
A not-for-profit organization, IEEE is the world's largest technical professional organization dedicated to advancing technology for the benefit of humanity.© Copyright 2016 IEEE - All rights reserved. Use of this web site signifies your agreement to the terms and conditions.


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Alarm and anger grow as LightSquared threatens USA GPS system
by Nancy Knudsen on 31 Jan 2012
If GPS were compromised it would affect every GPS-dependent piece of equipment Garmin
GPS-enabled devices could be compromised if a plan to expand the United States' broadband system goes forward, yet the company that proposes to build a broadband cell-phone communications network it calls LightSquared, 4G-LTE wireless broadband, is as yet completely undaunted by marine industry concern that the vital GPS system is under threat.
It confirmed that in late December, sending the FCC a petition asking for a declaratory ruling endorsing its right as a radio spectrum licensee to put its system in place. It is making no claim it won't interfere with GPS; in fact, it's saying the GPS industry has no right to ask the FCC for protection from LightSquared.
The firm needed a waiver from the Federal Communications Commission because its license was limited to low-power satellite communication and its plan calls for high-power land-based signals.
The FCC granted the waiver last January. That news was received with shock and horror by the makers and users of GPS devices and organizations that represent them, and for good reason. The LightSquared network has the potential to destroy GPS as we know it. (See http://www.sail-world.com/index_d.cfm?nid=86739!Sail-World_story from August 2011.)
That could happen because the frequencies LightSquared would operate on are next to those used by GPS. Satellites in the GPS system send signals with minuscule amounts of power. LightSquared signals would be many multiple times stronger, and could effectively make the GPS system inoperable.
The FCC acknowledged that possibility in January 2011 when it issued the waiver with a condition—it would only take effect if the LightSquared network did not interfere with GPS. However, in the latest demand for a ruling, LightSquared is apparently making no claim that their system won't interfere with the current GPS network.
In a tacit admission that its network would indeed be a threat to disable GPS, LightSquared published the video here showing how modified GPS antennae are not affected by the new LightSquared system. Watch the video below, which begs the question - who pays for replacement or modification of the thousands and thousands of GPS antennae that are out there today?
Some GPS experts in the marine industry have expressed doubts that modifications of existing GPS systems would even work, and, after the demand from LightSquared, concern is rising to anger.
In the summer of 2010 the U.S. Air Force Space Command conducted a series of tests which showed that LightSquared did indeed interfere with GPS unacceptably. LightSquared complains that these tests have been kept secret, and so can't examine or defend them. So they're angry too.
The origin of the problem was that the U.S. National Broadband Plan, mandated by Congress in early 2009, directed the Federal Communications Commission (FCC) to develop a plan to ensure every American has 'access to broadband capability,' especially in rural and under-served areas.
One thing is sure. The GPS system is probably the greatest innovation to hit the maritime world since the invention of the sail. It certainly needs to be protected, and cruising sailors, along with the rest of the maritime world, should not have to pay for the introduction of another, profit-making, system.
To read a technical discussion of the issues surrounding the wrangle, go to http://www.marcus-spectrum.com/Blog/files/GPS_LightSquared1.html!Spectrum_Talk.
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British entries on podium as Clipper Race returns after 11 months
UK entries triumphed to take all three podium places in the toughest edition yet of the longest ocean race on the planet
Thousands of spectators lined the River Thames and packed St Katharine Docks to welcome home over 250 crew, representing 44 different nationalities, many of whom have been at sea for eleven months racing between six continents in the only challenge of its kind for amateur sailors.
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LMAX Exchange wins the Clipper 2015-16 Round the World Yacht Race
LMAX Exchange was confirmed last night as winner of Clipper 2015-16 Round the World Yacht Race.
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Clipper Race – Constant trimming and little sleep in the North Sea
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After a downwind start with spinnakers trimmed in light airs against the tide off Den Helder on the Dutch coast yesterday, the fleet has been match racing across the North Sea towards the Thames Estuary.
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Debriefing the 2015-16 Clipper Round The World Race with Huw Fernie
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Skipper Huw Fernie and his
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America's Cup World Series - Ian Roman's images of Pompey
Ian Roman was in Portsmouth for the America's Cup World Series capturing the Royal visitors
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Ingrid Abery has provided this gallery of images from final day
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LV America's Cup World Series - Up and down for Groupama Team France
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This was the scene in a Purley street this morning just hours after people were evacuated from their homes in a late night rescue.
The evacuation of 22 people from a block of flats and a care home in Dale Road at about 12.30am was a precautionary measure due to water overflowing from the Bourne river.
Eighteen of the evacuees are in a temporary rest centre at Croydon Council's headquarters in Bernard Weatherill House, Mint Walk, Croydon.
Four people made their own arrangements to stay with relatives.
Councillor Steve Hollands, who lives in Dale Road, said: "Last night when I got home the water level was high in the lower part of the road and we made sure we got some sandbags and tankers to pump out the water.
"It was about six or 7in deep but then by about 7.30am the water level was a lot higher."
But the Kenley ward councillor said tomorrow's weather should not be as bad.
He said: "The briefing I have had so far is that there will be a respite tomorrow and then some bad weather on Friday.
"It is difficult to tell which way it is going to go."
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- Footballer 'raped woman' after meeting her at bus stop on a night out


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Green Tourism HD
By Tourism Authority of Thailand
Open iTunes to buy and download apps.
Do you want to travel different?
Thailand is going "GREEN". From the farming villages of Isan, Thailand's Northeast, to the pristine beaches of the country's South, the preservation of the environment, and the willingness to accommodate visitors interested in interacting more with local communities has become a significant trend.
The official "Green Tourism" application is powered by the Tourism Authority of Thailand (TAT). The application contents comprise Green Destinations, Green Hotels & Resorts, About 7 Greens concept, and Contact Us.
Features include: Map, Share or Bookmark your favorite destinations, hotels and resorts
Become a green traveler today!
iPad Screenshots
- Free
- Category: Travel
- Released: 21 March 2012
- Version: 1.0
- Size: 11.1 MB
- Languages: English, Spanish
- Developer: Tourism Authority of Thailand
- © Tourism Authority of Thailand
Compatibility: Requires iOS 4.1 or later. Compatible with iPad.


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In Search of the Trojan War
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Made in 1987 by PBS and the BBC, this six-part documentary is still the most complete and vivid depiction of Troy ever presented in television. Each one of the original episodes deals with a particular topic regarding Troy and the Trojan War as explained below:
*The Age of Heroes: presents the many legends and myths of the ancient Greeks, where they came from, the ways they influenced everyday life, and how life ordinarily went on in the Greek world during this historical period.
*The Legend Under Siege: presents the pioneering men, both believers and skeptics, who followed Greek myths into their historical past, discovering legendary cities, awe-inspiring treasures and important cultural facts, and, in the process, creating the science of archaeology.
*The Singer of Tales: presents as detailed a biography on Homer as the information about him permits - including a pleasant and entertaining look at the very old and almost unchanged art of the bard poets - and a detailed analysis of his epic: The Iliad.
*The Women of Troy: traces the evidence that places Trojan women on Greek mainland as the probable result of their abduction by victorious Greeks after the War, giving strong historical support to Homer's tale.Read more ›
After twenty years this documentary keeps all its freshness and still is easily the best cinematic account on the Trojan War. If not for the slight image discoloration, the East Berlin scenes, the cars and the clothing, this series could have been made today. All the facts, ideas and interpretations presented here are strikingly new and haven't been superseded yet.
Besides the recent find of the Treasure of Troy in the Putshkin Museum in Russia, the only missing info (included nevertheless in the included interview with Michael Wood) is that from the recent German-American excavations which changed the accepted scale of the city and its surroundings in Bronze Age times.
The documentary has a pace and an atmosphere of its own, succeeding in being both highly informative and highly entertaining: a golden association VERY difficult to achieve! This is one of the increasingly rare series which makes the viewer repeat the experience over and over!
Using common sense, solid documental sources and interviews with some of the foremost experts of the day, Michael Wood shows awesome communication skills in informing and carrying away the viewer, spreading his contagious enthusiasm for the theme but keeping always an unbiased scientific stance. This, together with excellent photography, superb editing and highly suggestive music creates a spell which makes the enduring of the six one-hour episodes surprisingly agreeable and additive. All this with very limited use of crude scale models and 80's glorious 2D low-res computer graphics!Read more ›
He makes history "come alive" and his use of experts and locales are fascinating. I especially loved the episode about Homer and the bardic traditions.
The music is also stirring and adds to rather than detracts from the series. Whether you are a casual ancient history student or a Trojan War fanatic, this series will appeal to you. It makes all the films about the war (even the newest one, despite Brad Pitt) seem a waste of time. None of them catches the true story and spirit of the age as does Michael Wood in this wonderful program.
When my wife and I first got married, money was tight and mobility was low, and one of my favorite ways to while away a Sunday afternoon was to stick in the off-air tape I had made of PBS's first run of 'In Search of the Trojan War.' (The only way it was available back then.) Which used to drive my wife nuts because A) I probably did watch it a bit too frequently, and B) she'd much rather have watched a football game. Or a baseball game. Or golf. (Sports nut.)
Seventeen years have gone by. Money's maybe a little less tight. The TV has grown to 51 inches, and the VCR has been supplanted by a DVD player. And somewhere I saw that 'ISotTW' was now available on DVD! Log onto Amazon... Search... "Hey, hon, did you know 'In Search of the Trojan War' is out on DVD?'
'Do you want it?' she asked.
'Well, _yeah_!'
'Don't order it. You'll end up with two. Happy Father's Day.'
It's good enough that I'm really looking forward to seeing it again, nearly twenty years after it came out, for the [mumble]-teenth time.
It can't compare to my wife, though.
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Extraordinary research into whether the Trojan War actually took place or is it just a myth? In 6 hours the Iliad by Homer is traced in every aspect of the information Homer... Read morePublished 3 months ago by Amazon Customer
Michael Wood is masterful at this stuff. Highly recommended.Published 7 months ago by dominic esteban
Good resource for the truth of Troy. Would like an updated version.Published 12 months ago by Wayne Jacobson
Book is popular scholarship written by a master, Michael Wood. Photos are attractive and helpful to the reader.Published 16 months ago by Francis A. Carbine
I remember when the series first aired in 1985 and how much it impressed me. It was among my favorite documentaries and I'm glad to see it holds up well even after all these years. Read morePublished 16 months ago by Michael Boruch


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The Balcon
The Balcon is situated at 8 Pall Mall in an extraordinary double-height space, formerly the banking hall of Cox & King Bank. The one hundred-seat brasserie offers classic French brasserie cuisine in an atmosphere of informal elegance. The design theme throughout the brasserie focuses on a young rooster - the coat of arms of the building's former owners, Cox and Kings, and the symbol of France. The interior designer, Pierre-Yves Rochon, has created an elegant atmosphere with buttercup yellow walls and contemporary furniture upholstered in dark green and red fabric.
This content has been supplied by The Balcon
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Traditional Afternoon tea with a glass of champagne £27 instead of £31 per person
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The Balcon
- Address
6-8 Waterloo PlaceLondonSW1Y 4AN
- Access into the Building
- Flat routes from parking area to entrance
- Catering Facilities
- Set price menu
- Theatre menu
- Children Facilities
- Childrens menu
First thing we noticed when we walked in was the service we received. They took our coats and bags and escorted us to our tables.
There was a vast range of dishes to pick from. I was expecting prices to be $$$$$$ but it was around £20 - £30 which was reasonable in my books for a fancier restaurant.
We ordered a Grenache Syrah from the iPad which helps with selecting the wine with details...more
The Balcon, Pall Mall - walking into a champagne bar exudes the glamour. Big glass windows, high ceiling and flower arangements that set the style, The Balcon is part of the Sofitel London Hotel, with a separate entrance.
I love a little poncieness in life. A place like that does not have too many waiters. No one would be seen doing nothing even when the rush hour crowd has thinned out. They...more
They say you need to have tea in England to fully experience the English culture, no better place than to do it here.
This place is FANSAY!! They have generous portion of delicious cakes and scones served together with some savory sandwiches.
Nice deco, warm and friendly hosts. The scones, good lord was delicious. If you feel like spoiling yourself or a loved one on an nice sunny afternoon,...more
Ok in one word amazing ##Went to have afternoon tea with a friend and wow we were amazed not only from the amazing collection of teas (some of them really rare), the great service and the friendliness of the stuff but also from the amount and quality of the tea snacks they offer
If you are a visitor is it worth making some time and visiting if you stay in London i think this makes a great...more
You walk into this place and it definitely makes an impression. it is beautifully decorated. The staff is super nice from the first moment you walk in. We had gone for a birthday and the staff made an extra effort to make it special.
The food is very yummy.
Starter: I had the grilled squid for a started which I wasn't too.impressed about mostly because it was cold bit it was tasty....more


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Other Category problem
2002 GMC C2500 V8 Four Wheel Drive Automatic 50000 miles
2500HD Duramax
3: 54 rear differencial. The truck manual does not specify amount of 75W-90W Synthetic fluid required to fill differential. Does someone have that number or can you tell me where to find?
Monday, December 3rd, 2007 AT 12:18 PM


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Great specs all around
Fast HSPA speeds
Very fast LTE data speeds
Big, bright display
Sharp looking HD Reality Display
Terrible battery life
Solid build
Solid battery life
Crazy-fast 4G LTE speeds
Pretty solid for an eco-friendly device
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8 Hours of Sitting Means 1 Hour of Exercise
According to a study published in The Lancet, all is not lost. You may be able to "make up" for your increased risk of death due to a sedentary lifestyle by engaging in enough physical activity.
Humans have been eating wheat and similar grains for thousands of years. So what makes it get its bad reputation?
Bread thats perfectly golden brown, cheese slowly oozing out... We bring you the secret to a perfect grilled cheese toast and the ultimate recipe.
Wondering why pomegranate is good for you? Here are 10 health benefits which will make you love the fruit, plus ways to play around with flavours.
Cook up a feast at home with these hand-picked gourmet recipes from the culinary masters of the most popular restaurants in India.


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By Tsubasa Naruse
Open iTunes to buy and download apps.
Rap-mushi is an application that you can feel like a "Rapper", by pushing the words panel rhythmically.
Words are separated in 7 parts. When you press the "Number" panel, it will shift to those several sections.
In "DJ MODE", you can choose different rhythms named A and B. You can control the volume by the fader below. Also, you can scratch the Record to have much fun.
Not only that. You can add piano, guitar, etc. as an accompany. We wish you to make a lots of wsome tracks!!
Tsubasa Naruse
What's New in Version 1.1
Loading image and icon were changed.
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Customer Reviews
Makes me happy
Brings back the old days when I used to be young and have time to get on the decks. The days of digging all afternoon and going home to listen and mix records with my best friends. Try to scratch and get really umm I think you get my point. This app brought that feeling back and thanks. It is totally fun and totally free but I'd totally pay for it if he wanted to charge. It's clean looking, has very good art and it's super intuitive especially if you've ever mixed records or mashed beats. It's written in Snother language and I figured it out. Very cool. Great job
Tsubasa Naruse does it again!
If you've messed with any other apps by Tsubasa Naruse you probably have high expectations of this one. Everything this developer has made thus far is charming in it's aesthetic and polished in it's functionality. Well I'm going to let you know, it'll probably beat your expectations. (pun!) Get this app asap, and if you haven't used the others get those too.
So cuuuuute <3
A little "rap bug" raps with you in Japanese phrases that you can mix and match with back ground music you can tweak as well. It's more fun if you understand the language, but just seeing the little rap bug puts a smile on your face <3
- Free
- Category: Music
- Updated: Aug 24, 2011
- Version: 1.1
- Size: 14.0 MB
- Languages: English, Japanese
- Seller: tsubasa naruse
- ©2009 Tsubasa Naruse
Compatibility: Requires iOS 3.1.3 or later. Compatible with iPhone, iPad, and iPod touch.


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IEEE membership options for an individual and IEEE Xplore subscriptions for an organization offer the most affordable access to essential journal articles, conference papers, standards,
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A sample of 65 companies from the automotive parts industry responded to a questionnaire about their practices in quality control (QC) circles. The results supported the value of using QC circles for both quality improvement and organizational effectiveness. The support of the different levels of management, particularly those in the plant, was found to be an important consideration for their success. The unions' involvement and support, as well as employee participation, were also related to the circles' success. Neither the method of choosing the leader of the QC circle nor the selection of the problems on which the group worked were found to be related to the success of the circles
A not-for-profit organization, IEEE is the world's largest technical professional organization dedicated to advancing technology for the benefit of humanity.© Copyright 2016 IEEE - All rights reserved. Use of this web site signifies your agreement to the terms and conditions.