text:
Viewers Software
Hot topics in Viewers Softwarecontent based image retrieval using matlab code
Ultimate Webshots Converter
Ultimate Webshots Converter is a Webshots pictures converter. It is able to show and save into JPEG files the pictures contained in the following files : WBC, WBZ, WB1 and WBD.78 weekly downloads
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Auto-changer desktop wallpaper is minimalistic multilingual interface, support any graphical formats and definitions of pictures and monitor. No installation
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PhotoSun is a photo manager that aims at easy use. It aims to have to same high functionality as commercial alternatives.
bonzeye, bonZeye, bonsai, bonsi, BonPsi
((( bonzeye, bonZeye, bonsai, bonsi, BonPsi ))) a Volumetric Botanical Visualization for File Hierarchy Interfacing Goals: platform independence and consistency across devices, personalized and familiar tree-like branching structure, custom 2D overlays
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NWNModels Viewer
NWNModels Viewer is a program to view 3d models of the Neverwinter Nights(c) game. This first version not include view animations, yet. This program use opengl to render models.1 weekly downloads


text:
When you keep eating food in a loop-like continuous way.
I was flooping last weekend, happens often when I get stressed.
door CrystalMCG 11 mei 2011
Trending Now
Top Definition
The act of going crazy and attacking something.
" Lauren, stop flooping the bees! "
door Flooper 1 mei 2010

subset: commoncrawl


text:
Life on Planet Firefox
Writing apps for the new Firefox OS phones
Cooking up an app for the Firefox OS is in no way difficult. All you need is a good measure of HTML and a dash of CSS. A few drops of JavaScript will bring it all to life.
Visual Programming with Alice
Alice 3.1
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Replicant: The Struggle for Free Mobile
The Struggle for Free Mobile
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The One-Watt Server
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Many devices now run Linux – but mostly as closed source firmware that you cannot access. We show how to use OpenWrt to free the TL-MR3020 router from its proprietary firmware and convert it into an all-around server for your home network.
Communication in the Post-PRISM World
PRISM Break: Part 1
Linux users didn't need the recent NSA eavesdropping scandal to convince them that securing communication was a good idea. For years, free software developers have been creating secure tools that offer similar functionalities to all of those popular but very leaky services with ridiculous names.
Fresh Memory: Learning Aid
When memorizing facts, learning, storing, and processing internalizes the subject matter. The Fresh Memory program offers various methods to help you anchor the facts in your memory.
Reimagining the Virtual Desktop
Final Term
A new Linux terminal emulator tries to bring the command line into the 21st century and bridge the gap to the graphical user interface.
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Linux on a Droid
If you want to install Linux on an Android device, you have several options. We examine some of the possibilities.
Getting System Info with I-Nex
Thanks to I-Nex, users can see an overview of all their important hardware inventory information, such as graphics cards, processors, and hard drives.
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With the right tools, you can create your own QR code squares with information you want to share on a business card, in a letter, or on your website.
Issue 26: Linux Shell Handbook 7th Ed./Special Editions
Buy this issue as a PDF
Mirantis to Refactor OpenStack Fuel for Kubernetes
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The upcoming release of LibreOffice will be available as a snap package
SUSE Joins the Microsoft Test Drive Program
Customers can take a free test drive of SLES for HPC on the Azure Cloud
SiFive Launches a Line of Open Source Chips
San Francisco-based chip company announces their first fully open source chip platform.
Fedora 24 Released
The whole distro gets rebuilt on glibc 2.3
Canonical Announces Cross-Distro Support for Snaps
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Founder of ownCloud launches the Nextcloud project.
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Will The Machine change the way future programmers think about memory?
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Juries decides Google's use of Java APIs Was Fair Use


text:
|Publication number
|Publication type
|Application number
|Publication date
|Jan 31, 2012
|Filing date
|Jun 30, 2009
|Priority date
|Jun 30, 2008
|Fee status
|Also published as
|Publication number
|Dennis Ray Curlee, David Eric Curlee, Steven Richard Fox, Fu Yong Gang, Jin Yueming
|Original Assignee
|Cardinal Equipment Co., Inc
|Export Citation
|BiBTeX, EndNote, RefMan
|Patent Citations (130), Non-Patent Citations (2), Referenced by (3), Classifications (11), Legal Events (3)
|External Links: USPTO, USPTO Assignment, Espacenet
This application claims priority to U.S. Provisional Patent Application Ser. No. 61/133,468, filed Jun. 30, 2008, U.S. Provisional Patent Application Ser. No. 61/081,840, filed Jul. 18, 2008, and U.S. Provisional Patent Application Ser. No. 61/153,073, filed Feb. 17, 2009, which are hereby incorporated by reference in their entirety.
The present invention relates to a stand, and more particularly, to an apparatus for holding a motorcycle or bike in an upright position.
Conventional chocks are used for holding two-wheeled vehicles in an upright position when parked. These conventional chocks can accommodate motorcycles and/or bikes having different size tires. There are various types of motorcycle chocks, for example, that capture the front tire of a motorcycle or bike to hold the motorcycle or bike in an upright position. One type of chock operates similar to a bike rack in which the front tire of the motorcycle or bike is rolled forward over a horizontal bar and the tire fits between two vertical bars to keep the bike from tipping over. One clear disadvantage associated with this type of chock is that the two vertical bars must be spaced apart at a distance that substantially is the same as or slightly larger than the width of the tire, otherwise the weight of the motorcycle or bike can cause instability and the motorcycle or bike can fall over onto its side. Or, even worse, the width of the tire is too large to fit between the spaced bars and thus the chock is completely useless.
Another conventional chock is one that incorporates a gas cylinder to raise a lever to prevent the motorcycle or bike from rolling backwards. One limitation associated with this type of chock is that there is no corresponding pressure applied to the sides of the tire to prevent the motorcycle or bike from tipping over. Instead, these chocks generally come in various sizes to accommodate different tire widths.
Conventional chocks are limited in functionality and can be inconvenient. For example, when a bike or motorcycle is rolled onto or into a chock, the chock may not effectively hold the bike or motorcycle in a substantially upright position. As a result, the bike or motorcycle may lean to the side and thus be crashed into by another bike or motorcycle. In addition, the lack of stability may cause the bike or motorcycle to tip and/or fall over onto its side. Another disadvantage associated with conventional chocks is the lack of convenience. With most conventional chocks, for example, the chock is not always in the "ready to receive" position. This position is one in which the chock is ready or in position to receive the front or back tire of the bike or motorcycle. Instead, the rider or user of the bike or motorcycle has to manually reposition the chock to the "ready to receive" position. This, of course, takes time and energy of the user.
Thus, a need exists for a chock apparatus that can hold and maintain a bike or motorcycle in an upright orientation and, when not in use, is always in the "ready to receive" position.
In one exemplary embodiment, an embodiment for supporting a motorcycle in an upright position is provided. The apparatus includes a base and a wheel stop. The wheel stop can be coupled to the base. The apparatus also includes a cradle pivotably coupled to the base. The cradle can include a pair of clamp members slidably coupled to the cradle. The pair of clamp members is biased away from each other.
The apparatus can further include a spring disposed intermediate a first cam mechanism and a second cam mechanism. The first cam mechanism can be coupled to the cradle and the second cam mechanism can be coupled to the base such that as the cradle pivots the first cam mechanism slides along the second cam mechanism. The pair of clamp members can include a plurality of ears for clamping a wheel of the motorcycle. Alternatively, each of the pair of claim members can include a substantially uniform height from the front to the rear thereof. Also, each of the pair of clamp members can be disposed at an angle relative to a longitudinal direction.
The wheel stop can be a substantially V-shaped bracket that extends substantially vertically from the base. Further, the wheel stop or cradle can be adjustably coupled to the base along a longitudinal direction.
Unlike conventional chocks, the apparatus advantageously includes the pair of clamp members which can clamp against the side walls of the tire. In conjunction with the wheel stop, the pair of clamp members provides substantial support and stability to the motorcycle and reduces the chance of the motorcycle tipping over. Likewise, the apparatus can be lightweight so that it is easily transportable. Also, in the embodiment that includes the spring disposed intermediate the first and second cam mechanisms, the apparatus can have a relatively simple structure that is more effective at holding a motorcycle in an upright position than conventional chocks.
In another embodiment, a chock apparatus for engaging a tire is provided. The chock apparatus can include a base and a wheel stop coupled thereto. A cradle can be pivotably coupled to the base and include a plurality of clamp members configured for clamping the tire. The cradle can pivot between an entry position in which the cradle is ready to receive the tire and a clamped position in which the plurality of clamp members clamp against side walls of the tire. The chock apparatus can further include a return mechanism operably coupled to the cradle. The return mechanism tends to bias the cradle to the entry position.
The return mechanism can include a spring that is disposed intermediate a pair of cam mechanisms. The pair of cam mechanisms can include a first cam mechanism that is coupled to the cradle and a second cam mechanism that is coupled to the base. As the cradle pivots, the first cam mechanism slides along the second cam mechanism. Further, as the cradle pivots to the clamped position, the pair of cam mechanisms compresses the spring. Also, the return mechanism can bias the plurality of clamp members outwardly.
In the present embodiment, the wheel stop can be a substantially V-shaped member for engaging the tire. The substantially V-shaped member can be pivotably mounted to a post member. The post member extends substantially upright from the base. In addition, the cradle can include a curved ramp such that the plurality of clamp members is slidably coupled to the ramp.
In conventional chocks, the chock is not always in a "ready-to-receive" position (i.e., entry position). As such, a user must manually return the conventional chock to the "ready-to-receive" position. In this embodiment of the present invention, however, the chock apparatus advantageously is in the entry position when a tire is not being engaged. In other words, the return mechanism returns the cradle to the entry position when a tire is removed from the chock apparatus so that the chock apparatus is ready to receive the same or different tire at any time. This can also be called returning the chock to the preload position.
In a different embodiment, a method of holding a motorcycle in an upright, stable position using a chock apparatus is provided in which the chock apparatus includes a base, a wheel stop coupled to the base, and a cradle pivotably coupled to the base, the cradle including a plurality of clamp members coupled thereto. The method includes rolling a tire of the motorcycle into contact with the cradle in which the cradle is in an entry position. The cradle is pivoted from the entry position to a clamped position and the tire is clamped with the plurality of clamp members. The method also includes compressing a spring as the cradle pivots to the clamped position and contacting the tire with the wheel stop in the clamped position. The method further includes holding the motorcycle in an upright, stable position.
The clamping step can include sliding the plurality of clamp members along rods in a direction substantially parallel to an axis along which the cradle pivots. Further, when the tire is removed from the chock apparatus, the spring decompresses and returns the cradle to the entry position. Likewise, before use, the spring maintains the cradle in the entry position. The method can also include adjusting the wheel stop along a longitudinal direction and latching the cradle in the clamped position.
This advantageous embodiment again provides the chock apparatus in a "ready-to-receive" or preload position. In addition, the wheel stop can be adjusted along the longitudinal direction so that any tire, regardless of diameter, width, or shape, can be accommodated in the chock apparatus. This provides greater flexibility and can save the user from having to purchase additional chocks to fit different size tires. Instead, the user can park any bike or motorcycle regardless of tire size.
The above-mentioned aspects of the present invention and the manner of obtaining them will become more apparent and the invention itself will be better understood by reference to the following description of the embodiments of the invention, taken in conjunction with the accompanying drawings, wherein:
The embodiments of the present invention described below are not intended to be exhaustive or to limit the invention to the precise forms disclosed in the following detailed description. Rather, the embodiments are chosen and described so that others skilled in the art can appreciate and understand the principles and practices of the present invention.
An exemplary embodiment of a chock apparatus is shown in
In the embodiment of
Additionally, both ends of the rear leg 104 can include feet 112 that securely fit over each end. Likewise, front feet 114, 116 can fit over the ends of front legs 106, 108, respectively. In one embodiment, the feet 112, 114, 116 can be rubber. In other embodiments, the feet 112, 114, 116 can be plastic or a composite material. The feet 112, 114, 116 are generally provided to protect the ends of the legs 104, 106, 108 and prevent the legs from scratching and sliding along the floor upon which the chock apparatus 100 rests against. The feet 112, 114, 116 can raise the legs off the ground such that the chock apparatus 100 is supported by the feet 112, 114, 116. In alternate embodiments, the feet 112, 114, 116 and legs 104, 106, 108 contact the ground and provide support to the chock apparatus 100.
In one embodiment, the base 102 is made of steel. However, in different embodiments, the base 102 can be made from aluminum, titanium, a composite material, or other material known to the skilled artisan. Additionally, the plurality of legs 104, 106, 108 can be hollow tubes with a square, circular, cylindrical, oval, polygonal, rectangular, or other shape cross-section. In another embodiment, the plurality of legs 104, 106, 108 can be solid or substantially solid. The remainder of the chock apparatus 100 can comprise the same material and shape as the base 102.
In the embodiment of
As shown in the embodiment of
The cradle assembly 124 can also include a post 130 at each end of the transverse bar 126. Each post 130 has an opening to allow a pivot rod 132 to rotatably engage therein. Although not shown, in one embodiment, a bearing can be disposed within the opening in each post 130 to facilitate the pivotal movement of the pivot rod 132. In alternate embodiments, the pivot rod 132 can be fixedly coupled to the posts 130 such that the pivot rod 132 cannot move.
The pivot rod 132 can extend substantially parallel to the transverse bar 126 and couple to each post 130 via fasteners 134. In this case, the pivot rod 132 and transverse bar 126 are substantially perpendicular to the longitudinal direction 110. In other words, the pivot rod 132 lies along axis A of
With reference to
In use, as the cradle 136 pivots about axis A, the first cam 140 remains fixed and does not move or pivot. The second cam 142, however, slides along the edge of the first cam 140. Further, the edges of the first cam 140 and second cam 142 which are in contact with one another are curved such that the first cam 140 slidably guides the second cam 142 along the curved edge of the first cam 140 as the cradle 136 pivots. Thus, the first cam 140 defines a curved path 144 along which the second cam 142 is guided as the cradle 136 pivots and the cradle assembly 124 thereby can clamp against a side wall of a tire.
In the chock apparatus of
In other words, in an embodiment in which the cradle 136 is in the entry or preload position, the chock apparatus 100 is ready for the motorcycle or bike to be loaded thereon. In this embodiment, for example, the spring 138 can be in its free state (i.e., neither compressed or stretched) such that the cradle 136 always returns to the entry or preload position when the weight of a tire or wheel is removed from the cradle 136. Stated differently, the weight of the tire or wheel when wheeled onto the cradle assembly 124 can compress or stretch the spring 138, and once this weight is removed from the cradle assembly 124, the spring 138 can return the cradle 136 to the entry or preload position.
In the exemplary embodiment of
The first clamp 200 and second clamp 202 can also include a plurality of ears extending therefrom. For example, the first clamp 200 and second clamp 202 can include a front ear 210 and a rear ear 212 that provide an increased surface area which can clamp against the tire, and in particular a portion of the sidewalls, of the motorcycle or bike. The ears 210, 212 can be integrally formed with the first clamp 200 and second clamp 202, or alternatively, the ears 210, 212 can be coupled thereto. Also, the ears 210, 212 can be angularly disposed relative to direction 110 for accommodating different tire widths. The angle in which the ears extend from the clamps can be between 10-75�, although in other embodiments the angle can differ. In another embodiment, sleeves (not shown) can be placed over each of the ears 210, 212 to provide additional grip to the clamps 200, 202 and further protect the ears 210, 212 from normal wear. The sleeves can be made of any material such as rubber or plastic.
In an alternative embodiment, the first clamp 200 and second 202 can have a uniform width from the front (or forward) end to the back (or rear) end of each clamp (see
As shown in the embodiment of
Further, a locking mechanism (not shown) such as a clip can be used to keep the clamps 200, 202 from sliding outwardly away from the ramp 204 and becoming completely disengaged from the sliding rods. A plurality of springs (not shown) can further bias the clamps 200, 202 away from one another such that during a clamping movement, the springs move into a compressed position. In one embodiment, the plurality of springs can be enclosed within a sleeve (not shown) defined beneath the ramp 204. In another embodiment, the clamps 200, 202 are held fixed to the plurality of sliding rods, which can slidably move within the sleeve. In this embodiment, the plurality of springs (not shown) are enclosed within the sleeve and push outward against the innermost ends of the plurality of sliding rods to bias the clamps 200, 202 outward. Other embodiments are contemplated and one skilled in the art may appreciate additional ways the clamps can be biased outward (i.e., in a direction away from the ramp 204). It is also possible that the spring 138 alone can bias the first clamp 200 and second clamp 202 in opposite directions such that the cradle assembly 124 has a tendency of returning to the entry position.
During use, as the tire moves into contact with the cradle 136, the weight of the tire applies downward pressure to the cradle 136 to prevent it from pivoting. At this point, if axis A divides the ramp 204 into a front portion and a rear portion, the tire is applying pressure to the front portion of the ramp 204. However, as the tire continues to roll forward, and particularly as the tire rotates past axis A and begins to apply pressure to the rear portion of the ramp 204, the cradle 136 begins to pivot about axis A.
As the cradle 136 begins to pivot, the first clamp 200, second clamp 202, and ramp 204 begin to pivot in the longitudinal direction 110. In the embodiment of
As the tire continues moving in direction 110, the front edge of the tire comes into contact with a wheel stop assembly 400. With reference to the embodiment shown in
The adjustable linkage 406 can include a base plate 411, a plurality of posts 412, and a sleeve 414. The plurality of posts 412 can include several openings defined therein to receive a pin (not shown) and/or the sleeve 414. The openings can be aligned in the plurality of posts 412 for adjusting the position of the rear stop 408 relative to the rear post 402. The rear stop 408 can be moved forward or backward relative to the rear post 402 to accommodate tires of different sizes.
The rear stop 408 can be made from the same material as the sleeve 414, or the stop 408 can be coupled or welded to the sleeve 414. In the embodiment of
As the tire rolls into contact with the rear stop 408, the cradle 136 stops pivoting and the spring 138 is compressed. In a different embodiment, the cradle 136 may pivot into contact with the floor surface shortly before the tire contacts the rear stop 408. To prevent the tire from rotating backwards and to maintain the motorcycle or bike in the upright position, an adjustable latching mechanism 418 (see
To unlatch and remove the bike from the chock apparatus 100, the adjustable latching mechanism 418 can be disengaged and the tire can be rotated backwards. As such, the cradle 136 begins to pivot from the clamped position to the entry position and the spring 138 begins to decompress and return the clamps 200, 202 to the non-clamped position. Again, even if the bike was lifted directly out of the chock apparatus 100 from the clamped position, the spring 138 will decompress and thereby return the cradle assembly 124 to the entry position. Advantageously, the user does not have to manually return the lever assembly 124 to the entry position.
With reference to
The wheel stop assembly 500 also includes a V-shaped wheel stop 510. The V-shaped wheel stop 510 extends from the rear leg 104 to its maximum height. In other words, the wheel stop assembly 500 is absent a post and V-shaped shoe as in the wheel stop assembly 400 of
While exemplary embodiments incorporating the principles of the present invention have been disclosed hereinabove, the present invention is not limited to the disclosed embodiments. Instead, this application is intended to cover any variations, uses, or adaptations of the invention using its general principles. Further, this application is intended to cover such departures from the present disclosure as come within known or customary practice in the art to which this invention pertains and which fall within the limits of the appended claims.
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|Hs Technik Und Design Technische Entwicklungen Gmbh
|Apparatus for raising and lowering a load on or from a support
|Aug 29, 1994
|May 21, 1996
|Anderson; Kenneth C.
|Motorcycle lift stand
|Jan 27, 1995
|Jul 30, 1996
|Peterson; Edward A.
|Towing device with wheel restraint
|Nov 6, 1995
|Feb 4, 1997
|Flinchum; Harold C.
|Trailer ramp mechanism
|Nov 6, 1995
|Mar 11, 1997
|Cycle Products Of California, Inc.
|Motorcycle dolly
|Oct 30, 1995
|Apr 15, 1997
|Howes; J. Roy
|Motorcycle towing device
|Jun 7, 1995
|Jun 17, 1997
|Johnson; Robert C.
|Motorcycle stand
|Aug 6, 1996
|Jul 1, 1997
|Lee; Sunny
|Leg exerciser
|Feb 15, 1995
|Sep 23, 1997
|Nolan; John
|Conveyor for transporting a workpiece along a curved path
|May 22, 1996
|Oct 7, 1997
|Hunter Engineering Company
|Apparatus and method for determining vehicle wheel alignment measurements from three dimensional wheel positions and orientations
|Apr 4, 1996
|Nov 18, 1997
|Scharfenbergkupplung Gmbh
|Longitudinally adjustable coupling rod
|Sep 12, 1996
|Apr 7, 1998
|Kallstrom; Ervin C.
|Stand for vehicle wheel
|Oct 21, 1996
|Jun 23, 1998
|Tischendorf; Joseph W.
|Multi-purpose motorcycle lift
|Dec 20, 1996
|Jul 7, 1998
|The Babcock & Wilcox Company
|Roll wheel stand
|Aug 3, 1995
|Jul 7, 1998
|Hogan; Sherman David
|Vehicle side tilting apparatus
|May 13, 1996
|Sep 22, 1998
|Ostrander; Jerry
|Load securing device for a vehicle and methods of constructing and utilizing same
|Nov 21, 1996
|Dec 22, 1998
|Swartzlander; Kenneth R.
|Engine test stand kit
|Jun 25, 1997
|Aug 3, 1999
|Bridgestone Corporation
|Method of adjusting vehicle wheel alignment
|Jul 3, 1996
|Aug 31, 1999
|Ihalainen; Kalevi
|Bicycle stand
|Aug 20, 1997
|Oct 26, 1999
|Corning Incorporated
|Adjustable stand for a cantilevered load
|Dec 15, 1997
|Nov 16, 1999
|Guild; Neville
|Motorcycle towing apparatus
|Feb 27, 1998
|Nov 23, 1999
|Mayfield; William Rodgers
|Stand for motorcycles
|Jul 28, 1997
|Jan 18, 2000
|Carlson; Stephen R.
|Longitudinally adjustable mount for a snowboard binding
|Feb 13, 1997
|Feb 1, 2000
|Piaget; Gary D.
|Striding exerciser with adjustable upwardly curved tracks
|Apr 3, 1996
|Jun 6, 2000
|Grip Gmbh
|Hydraulic platform lift, especially for motorcycles
|May 7, 1997
|Jun 6, 2000
|Allen; Thomas E.
|Wheeled ski and equipment carrying device
|May 13, 1999
|Jul 25, 2000
|Nayman; Alvin A.
|Safe operating motorcycle lift and method
|Feb 18, 1998
|Aug 1, 2000
|Johnson; Robert C.
|Hand operable motorcycle stand
|Dec 17, 1999
|Aug 1, 2000
|Bergin; Alan
|Motorcycle maneuvering apparatus
|Dec 28, 1998
|Nov 21, 2000
|Haws; James E.
|Longitudinally adjustable lift arm for a three-point hitch
|Feb 3, 1998
|May 22, 2001
|Robert C. Johnson
|Hand operable motorcycle stand
|Nov 23, 1998
|Jun 5, 2001
|Terrence Donald Kraus
|Motorcycle stand
|Feb 15, 2001
|Jun 11, 2002
|Third Millennium Engineering, Llc
|Longitudinal plate assembly having an adjustable length
|Apr 27, 2001
|Dec 3, 2002
|Geng-He Chen
|Stand for supporting a motorcycle
|Feb 9, 2001
|Jun 10, 2003
|Tc Development And Design
|Motorcycle lift
|Apr 4, 2002
|Nov 4, 2003
|William Rodgers Mayfield
|Motorcycle parking stand
|Jan 6, 2003
|Nov 18, 2003
|Tc Development Co.
|Motorcycle lift
|Feb 18, 2003
|Jun 29, 2004
|Keith Runge
|Bicycle stand
|Sep 9, 2003
|Aug 30, 2005
|Tc Development & Design
|Motorcycle lift
|Jun 2, 2005
|Mar 2, 2006
|Warner Patrick A
|Selectively movable motorcycle stand
|Nov 11, 2004
|May 25, 2006
|Shimano Inc.
|Parking stand for two-wheeled vehicle
|Jul 31, 1995
|Feb 18, 1997
|Motorcycle lift
|Title not available
|Title not available
|Aug 16, 2000
|Feb 21, 2002
|Michael Palleschi
|Adjustable in-line skate wheel stop
|International Preliminary Report on Patentability, mailing date of Jan. 13, 2011.
|Written Opinion of the International Searching Authority, mailing date of Feb. 16, 2010.
|Citing Patent
|Filing date
|Publication date
|Jan 29, 2013
|Kelly Neil Fagan
|Dirt bike stand and method of use thereof
|Sep 24, 2012
|Dec 1, 2015
|Compagnie Generale Des Etablissements Michelin
|Tire work stand
|Sep 24, 2012
|Mar 27, 2014
|Michelin Recherche Et Technique S.A.
|Tire work stand
|U.S. Classification
|188/32, 211/22, 248/671, 211/20, 248/351
|International Classification
|Cooperative Classification
|European Classification
|Nov 30, 2009
Owner name: EXCEL EQUIPMENT & SUPPLY CO., INC.,INDIANA
Free format text: ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST;ASSIGNORS:CURLEE, DENNIS RAY;CURLEE, DAVID ERIC;FOX, STEPHEN RICHARD;AND OTHERS;SIGNING DATES FROM 20091112 TO 20091113;REEL/FRAME:023576/0959
Owner name: EXCEL EQUIPMENT & SUPPLY CO., INC., INDIANA
Free format text: ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST;ASSIGNORS:CURLEE, DENNIS RAY;CURLEE, DAVID ERIC;FOX, STEPHEN RICHARD;AND OTHERS;SIGNING DATES FROM 20091112 TO 20091113;REEL/FRAME:023576/0959
|Mar 19, 2010
Owner name: CARDINAL EQUIPMENT CO., INC.,INDIANA
Free format text: ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST;ASSIGNOR:EXCEL EQUIPMENT & SUPPLY CO., INC.;REEL/FRAME:024106/0472
Effective date: 20100309
Owner name: CARDINAL EQUIPMENT CO., INC., INDIANA
Free format text: ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST;ASSIGNOR:EXCEL EQUIPMENT & SUPPLY CO., INC.;REEL/FRAME:024106/0472
Effective date: 20100309
|Jul 30, 2015
|Fee payment
Year of fee payment: 4


text:
Below are top resources on SparkPeople for Diet Alcohol Drinks.
Alcohol and weight loss are enemies, but an occasional drink can have a place in a healthy lifestyle. In fact, many experts note the potential health benefits of consuming a single drink per day, including a reduced risk for high blood pressure If, h... Read more
Eight to twelve cups of water daily, that's what the SparkPeople plan suggests. Whether you are having a hard time drinking that much water, or just want to drink a variety of beverages (coffee, tea, diet soda, juice), many dieters challenge an... Read more
Since you've been diagnosed with diabetes, you have hopefully started learning how various foods and beverages affect your blood sugar. But what about alcohol? How does it affect your blood sugar and how do you account for it when planning meals... Read more
The idea that alcohol may be good for your heart has been around for a while. While moderate drinking may offer health benefits, drinking more can cause a host of health problems. So should you turn to alcohol to protect your heart? Here's what y... Read more
The word "diet" doesn't always mean eating less to lose weight—although that's what we commonly associate it with today. Someone "on a diet" is trying to eat less, or stop eating sweets to fit into a smaller pant... Read more
What diets or changes have you made eating wise that are helping you lose weight? I feel like I keep losing motivation. It's been very difficult and I have a lot of weight to lose.... Read more
Loving a high carb, low fat and plant based diet! I been eating in such abundance the past few days, and who doesn't love carbs?... Read more
Hi my name is James and I just started a 2500 diet but I feel like I am starving myself does anyone have any tips to keep from eating so much... Read more
Happy Monday! Don't forget to drink your water...... Read more
How is everyone getting fiber in their diet?... Read more
Temptation is all around and its not good when friends are inviting you to parties and to drink alcohol. Just say "I will but in while" to please them but drink that diet pop or water that you really want, they will soon give up and be too drunk to e... Read more
A great way to relax? floating in the hot tub. Don't turn it up all the way, just warm enough to feel like a warm bath, get in to one of the "seat" areas, and lay back, close your eyes, let your feet float and relax. The built in seat keeps you from... Read more
Caffeine need not be a dirty word when dieting. Our team is for all Sparkers hopelessly in love with their coffee. Drop by the cafe, we're open 24/7 and the coffee is always great!!... Read more
Numerous studies have suggested that alcohol can be part of a healthy diet. In fact, many suggest that moderate amounts of alcohol can reduce your risk for heart disease and even diabetes. But not all researchers are convinced that alcohol- even in... Read more
For me, one of the hardest things about "dieting" is giving up my beloved beer. While I am trying to watch my calorie intake, a typical beer just isn't worth the investment. This past weekend I tried the Bud Select 55 after hear... Read more


text:
FDA Approved Medical Products for:
The table(s) below may not be an exhaustive list of drugs or products used to treat this condition. There may be other products available that are not considered orphan products.
|Generic Name
|Trade Name
(Manufacturer Name)
(Swedish Orphan AB)
The FDA has approved this product to be used in this manner.
|Adjunctive therapy to dietary restriction of tyrosine and phenylalanine in the treatment of hereditary tyrosinemia type 1. Available in capsule from since Januaray 2009. Available in oral suspension since April 2016.
|More Information about this product
|Drug Information Portal


text:
I have an "Process" object, which invokes linux
"su - myuser" command. After that It is waiting for password input, and flushes It in the process OutputStream.
My question is, is there any "command injection" that can be passed as password value? For instance something like this:
Password:<ESCAPE> | rm -r /
Password:<SIGINT> | rm -r /
Password:\n \ | rm -r /
In other words, can the user pass for password value, something that can pipe another command after the password prompt?


text:
MBT Men Shoes is suitable for all men. It exercises a large number of muscles, whether you are walking or standing, helping to stimulate the metabolism, burn extra calories and support muscle regeneration. Wearing the mbt men shoes significantly improves your gait and posture and relieves stress on your joints and back.
MBT Men Footwear are not only helpful to your feet but also beneficial to your whole body. With the MBT technology, we find out that these sandals work very functionally to improve your feet strength and also will train your muscle. MBT Shoes which can correct your posture ,they use the technology to make the shoes more and more soft, cheap MBT men shoes is popular all around the world for its health idea, all the shoes sole use the same material and the designed as the healthy design ,the easy wear make the shoes become the point of selling.
Copyright © 2012-2015. MBT Factory Outlet All Rights Reserved by mbtwholesalefactory.com


text:
"Cordoba-The center of Al-Andalus" Top 5 Page for this destination Córdoba by GentleSpirit
Córdoba Travel Guide: 1,000 reviews and 2,524 photos
Most people go to Cordoba as a daytrip or just stop off to see the main attraction, the Mezquita, on their way to/from Seville. I have long had an interest in Moorish Architecture and art, so for me this was quite special. This was no day trip and I must emphasize that Cordoba has a great deal to see and experience, day tripping is really shortchanging it! I visited in the late fall, by then I missed one of the more enchanting things about Cordoba, to see the flowers in full bloom and see the patios and streets decorated. I also missed the heat, which frankly is no big loss to me.
During the Moorish occupation of Spain, Cordoba was one of the largest and most important cities in 10th century Europe. Some say that with about half a million inhabitants at the time, it may have been the largest city in the world. Highly advanced in architecture and learning, it achieved a level of sophistication unknown in the Dark Ages.
Cordoba reached the height of its importance under the Moors, however, it has a long history of settlement. It was a major political, economic and cultural center under the Visogoths and Romans before them.
It was the capital of the Roman province of Hispania Ulterior Baetica, founded under Claudius Marcellus. The most obvious relic of Roman rule in the Puente Romano, the bridge over the Guadalquivir, which is still in use some two thousand years later.
More than any other sight, the Mezquita de Cordoba is the main tourist attraction of the city. It construction started in the 8th century with the Moorish conquest and the establishment of the Ummayad dynasty. Built on the foundations of previous construction by the Romans and Visogoths, the Mezquita was the largest mosque in the world at the time. Even today, walking around the entire complex one has to be impressed not only by the enormity of this structure, but also its amazingly beautiful design.
Another of the essential sights in Cordoba is the Alcazar de los Reyes Cristianos, the great fortress. It was here that Columbus met with Ferdinand and Isabella to offer his services. Inside you will see some priceless Roman mosaics.
- Pros:The Mezquita, rich history and architecture
- Cons:few good museums
- In a nutshell:One of the historically most important cities in the world
Reviews (45)
The Puerta de Almodovar was one of the 9 gates built by the Moors, the only one that has survived into the modern age.... more travel advice
The original mosque was a square figure. As built it could hold about 5,000 worshippers, though they would likely be... more travel advice
The Arco de la Bendicion (the Blessing Arch) is the main entrance. It is wider than the other arches and it has the same... more travel advice
This garden is planted with orange trees and gives a lovely shaded space. Back in the days of Al Andalus this area was... more travel advice
Local Customs (4)See All Holidays- Dia de Andalucia
Shopping (4)See All Olive Oil
Sports & Outdoors (1)Hiking in the Sierras
Transportation (2)See All Cordoba by Bus
Off The Beaten Path (2)See All Museo Julio Romero Torres
Comments (8)
I really enjoyed your Córdoba pages. I am going for 4 days in September and am looking forward to it more than ever since reading your posts. Thank you.
I skipped Cordoba on my big bicycle tour fifty years ago (went to Granada and Malaga instead) and after all this time I still haven?t been there. I enjoyed reading your informative tips, especially the historical background. I had forgotten that the Roman philosopher Seneca lived in Cordoba.
Don, thank you so much for visiting/rating my cordoba pages. I would be very interested to hear about your impressions of Spain from when you went in a very different time.
Did you do the bike tour along the Route of the White Villages?
No, my trip was a circle tour Barcelona-Valencia-Alicante-Granada-Málaga-Cádiz-Sevilla-Lisbon-Madrid-Barcelona. (Took several months.)
Hi, Val! Thanks for your great page about Cordoba! It made this city closer to my understanding.
Such a good, informative page. Love your photos of Cordoba. Now I want to go there.
Good morning Val. I see you are up also. Don't even think the birds are up yet! Seems you enjoyed Cordoba as much as we did. It is a fascinating place esp La Mezquita. Good warning tip about the Gypsy. They can be quite pesty.
Lovely page Val! Love your patio photos and the one of the inside of the Mosque, which looks amazing! Good tip on eating meals, I didn't know that one!
Cordoba nice place to visit. We are going to Spain,Portugal and Morocco next year 2009 according to plan. Thanks for the tips.
Thanks for the pic of la Mezquita. I have been there, but quite forgot in was in Cordoba.
GentleSpirit's Related Pages
Córdoba Travel Guide
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- "The Mezquita, Tortilla de Espanola, and Heat!"
- "Cordoba--A RIch Blend of Culture"
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Have you been to Córdoba?Share Your Travels
Latest Activity in Córdoba
- updated a Córdoba Travel Page "Cordoba-The center of Al-Andalus"
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text:
|By PR Newswire
Article Rating:
|January 9, 2014 10:30 AM EST
DALLAS, Jan. 9, 2014 /PRNewswire/ -- Permian Basin Royalty Trust (NYSE: PBT) ("Permian" or the "Trust") announced today that Bank of America, N.A., also known as U.S. Trust, Bank of America Private Wealth Management ("Trustee" or "Bank of America"), will be resigning as Trustee of the Trust subject to the conditions set forth below. Following the distribution of requests for proposal to and discussions with a number of potential candidates, Bank of America intends to nominate Southwest Bank, an independent state bank chartered under the laws of the State of Texas and headquartered in Fort Worth, Texas ("Southwest Bank"), as successor trustee at a special meeting of unitholders of the Trust to be called for the purpose of approving a successor trustee of the Trust (the "Special Meeting"). All unitholders of record as of the record date for the Special Meeting will receive a notice of Special Meeting and proxy materials detailing the matters to be voted on at the Special Meeting as well as the time and location of the Special Meeting.
Bank of America's resignation is conditioned on the satisfaction or waiver by Bank of America of the following:
- The appointment of Southwest Bank as trustee of Sabine Royalty Trust (another royalty trust for which Bank of America currently serves as trustee).
- The appointment of Southwest Bank or another successor trustee as trustee of the Trust and five other royalty trusts for which Bank of America currently serves as trustee and as agent under a disbursing arrangement for which Bank of America currently serves as agent.
- The accuracy of certain representations and warranties and performance of certain agreements made by Southwest Bank in an agreement between Bank of America and Southwest Bank.
- No governmental injunction, order or other action that would prohibit Southwest Bank's appointment, Bank of America's resignation or the other actions described above.
The effective date of Bank of America's resignation shall be May 30, 2014, assuming all of the conditions described above have been satisfied or waived by Bank of America as of such date. If the conditions described above have not been satisfied or waived by Bank of America as of such date, the resignation shall be effective August 29, 2014, assuming all of the conditions described above have been satisfied or waived by Bank of America as of such date. If the resignation is not effective as of such later effective date, Bank of America will notify unitholders of the new effective date.
"Southwest Bank's senior management has expertise in handling royalty trusts and, as the largest independent commercial bank in Tarrant County, we are excited to have the opportunity to expand the Bank's Wealth Management services into this line of business," said Vernon Bryant, Chairman and Chief Executive Officer of Southwest Bank.
Forward-looking Statements
Any statements in this press release about plans for the Trust, the expected timing of the completion of the proposed resignation of the Trustee or appointment of a successor trustee, and other statements containing the words "estimates," "believes," "anticipates," "plans," "expects," "will," "may," "intends" and similar expressions, other than historical facts, constitute forward-looking statements within the meaning of the safe harbor provisions of the Private Securities Litigation Reform Act of 1995. Factors or risks that could cause our actual results to differ materially from the results we anticipate include, but are not limited to the inability of the Trustee to resign or Southwest Bank to assume duties as successor trustee due to the failure to obtain necessary unitholder or court approval or the failure to satisfy other conditions set forth above.
Actual results may differ materially from those indicated by such forward-looking statements. In addition, the forward-looking statements included in this press release represent the Trustee's views as of the date hereof. The Trustee anticipates that subsequent events and developments may cause its views to change. However, while the Trustee may elect to update these forward-looking statements at some point in the future, it specifically disclaims any obligation to do so. These forward-looking statements should not be relied upon as representing the Trustee's views as of any date subsequent to the date hereof.
Additional Information and Where to Find It
In connection with the Trustee's proposed resignation and nomination of Southwest Bank as successor trustee, the Trust will file with the SEC and furnish to the unitholders a proxy statement and other relevant documents. This press release does not constitute a solicitation of any vote or approval. Unitholders are urged to read the proxy statement when it becomes available and any other documents to be filed with the SEC in connection with the proposed transaction or incorporated by reference in the proxy statement because they will contain important information about the proposed transaction.
Unitholders will be able to obtain a free copy of documents filed with the SEC at the SEC's website at http://www.sec.gov. In addition, unitholders may obtain a free copy of the Trust's filings with the SEC from the Trust's website at http://www.pbt-permianbasintrust.com/ or by directing a request to the Trustee at the phone number set forth below.
The Trust, the Trustee and the Trustee's directors, executive officers and certain other members of management and employees of the Trustee may be deemed "participants" in the solicitation of proxies from unitholders of the Trust in favor of the proposed transaction. Information regarding the persons who may, under the rules of the SEC, be considered participants in the solicitation of the unitholders of the Trust in connection with the proposed transaction, and their direct or indirect interests, by security holdings or otherwise, which may be different from those of the Trust's unitholders generally, will be set forth in the proxy statement and the other relevant documents to be filed with the SEC. You can find information about the Trustee in the Trust's Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2012.
Permian's cash distribution history, current and prior year financial reports and tax information booklets, a link to filings made with the Securities and Exchange Commission and more can be found on its website at http://www.pbt-permianbasintrust.com/
SOURCE Permian Basin Royalty Trust
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UpGuard has become a member of the Center for Internet Security (CIS), and will continue to help businesses expand visibility into their cyber risk by providing hardening benchmarks to all customers. By incorporating these benchmarks, UpGuard's CSTAR solution builds on its lead in providing the most complete assessment of both internal and external cyber risk. CIS benchmarks are a widely accepted set of hardening guidelines that have been publicly available for years. Numerous solutions exist t...
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Cloud analytics is dramatically altering business intelligence. Some businesses will capitalize on these promising new technologies and gain key insights that'll help them gain competitive advantage. And others won't. Whether you're a business leader, an IT manager, or an analyst, we want to help you and the people you need to influence with a free copy of "Cloud Analytics for Dummies," the essential guide to this explosive new space for business intelligence.
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Jul. 25, 2016 09:30 AM EDT Reads: 2,095
The cloud market growth today is largely in public clouds. While there is a lot of spend in IT departments in virtualization, these aren't yet translating into a true "cloud" experience within the enterprise. What is stopping the growth of the "private cloud" market? In his general session at 18th Cloud Expo, Nara Rajagopalan, CEO of Accelerite, explored the challenges in deploying, managing, and getting adoption for a private cloud within an enterprise. What are the key differences between wh...
Jul. 25, 2016 09:15 AM EDT Reads: 1,987


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Leicestershire District Association of the Camping & Caravanning Club
Click below to download a printable version of our 2016 Sites List including prices.
The Leicestershire D.A currently has no committee as the former committee stepped down at our AGM in March. There will be and EGM on 9TH JULY 2016 at WHETSTONE MEMORIAL HALL, LE8 6LP. If you are able to help in any small way please do attend. If no committee is formed at the EGM the Leicestershire DA will cease to exist. If you require any more information please call Trev Cooke on 07811722155
DATE: 9th July 2016
VENUE: Whetstone Memorial Hall, LE8 6LP
START TIME: 1pm PROMPT
PHONE: Trev Cooke 07811722155
PURPOSE: EGM to try and form a committee to continue the running of Leicestershire DA. Please arrive promptly for the meeting and PLEASE BRING YOUR MEMBERSHIP CARD ALONG.
Join our Mailing List and like our Facebook Page to Keep up to Date with all Information.
Want to know more about our committee, click below for more information
See What our site program has to offer for you and your family, click below for more information
Welcome To The 2015 Website
Leicestershire District Association of the Camping & Caravanning Club. This is the web site for Leicestershire DA, with lots of useful information about Leicestershire D.A.
The Camping and Caravanning Club,
Greenfields House,
Westwood Way,


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July 16th, 2016 (Permalink)
Lesson in Logic 12: Two-Circle Venn Diagrams
The previous lesson explained how circles can be used to represent classes and how Venn diagrams show that a class is empty or non-empty. If you haven't learned that lesson or don't already understand how circles represent empty or non-empty classes, you should start with the previous lesson―see the link, below.
In this lesson, we will add an additional circle and see how logical relations between two classes are represented in Venn diagrams. Venn's innovation was to realize that two overlapping circles, which he called "the primary diagram", can be used to represent the basic logical relations between two classes―see the diagram to the right. All two-circle Venn diagrams start with the primary diagram.
As you learned in the previous lesson, a single class circle divides the universe of things into two subclasses: those things that belong to the class and those things that do not belong to the class; the former occupy the interior of the circle and the latter lie outside it. In the primary diagram there are two circles representing two distinct classes―let's call them "A" and "B". The primary diagram divides the entire universe into four subclasses: things that are A but not B, things that are B but not A, things that are both A and B, and things that are neither A nor B. Letting the left circle represent A and the right B, the diagram to the right shows which sections of the circles represent each of the four subclasses.
Exercise 1: Draw a primary diagram and label one of the circles "Birds" and the other "Flying Animals". Now, indicate on the diagram where you would find a robin, a penguin, a bat, and yourself.
So far, the two-circle diagrams that you have seen don't say anything about the relations between the two classes. However, to say something about the logical relations between classes, you will use the same system of shading a subclass to indicate that it is empty and marking one with an "X" to show that it's not empty. If you understand the class regions of the two-circle diagram as tested in the above exercise, and if you know how to use shading and Xs to represent empty or non-empty regions, then you should be able to do the following exercise.
Exercise 2: Start by drawing the primary diagram, then label one circle "Mammals" and the other "Bats". Now, represent that the class of bats that are not mammals is empty. Also, represent that the class of mammals that are not bats is non-empty.
In the next lesson, you will learn how to use the two-circle diagram to represent statements about the logical relationships between two classes.
Source: Sun-Joo Shin, Oliver Lemon & John Mumma, "Venn Diagrams", Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy, 2013
Previous Lesson: Lesson in Logic 11: Class Diagrams, 6/22/2016
July 2nd, 2016 (Permalink)
New Book: Everydata
A new book by John H. Johnson and Mike Gluck is called Everydata: The Misinformation Hidden in the Little Data You Consume Every Day.
What's up with that title? Here's what they say about it:
Everydata isn't a real word. Not yet, anyway. We made it up to describe the tons of data that you encounter every day. (Preface)
So, "everydata" appears to be a portmanteau word combining "everyday" with "data", and thus short for "everyday data". I don't much care for the word―so I hope it never actually becomes a "real word"―but the topic, which the Preface describes as follows, sounds intriguing:
Every day, you're surrounded by media reports and other sources that are often filled with hidden information―and misinformation. This book will help you to identify it, interpret it, and become an educated consumer of data…. (Preface)
Using Amazon's "Look inside!" feature to glance through it, the book appears to cover such topics as sampling, averages, correlation and causation, polling, and cherry-picking. These should be familiar topics to regular readers of this site, but it's good to see them reaching a wider audience. Also, it sounds rather like last month's new book (see the Resource, below), but there's certainly enough grist for two mills.
Johnson is an economist and statistician, so he should know how to interpret everyday data; and Gluck is a writer, so he should know how to, well, write. I'm going to aim for reviewing it here next month.
Resource: New Book: Truth or Truthiness, 6/18/2016
June 30th, 2016 (Permalink)
The Gang of Four Puzzle
The notorious gangster Victor Timm has been murdered. From the crime scene evidence, the police have determined that there was only one shooter. In addition, they have established that only four suspects had the means, motive, and opportunity to kill Timm: members of a rival gang known as the Gang of Four. Each of these suspects was brought in for questioning, and each made only two statements before lawyering up. Here are those statements; the names have been redacted to protect the innocent:
Mr. W: I didn't shoot Vic Timm. Mr. X let him have it.
Mr. X: I'm innocent. I don't even own a gun.
Mr. Y: I didn't kill Tim. Either Mr. W or Mr. Z did it.
Mr. Z: I didn't do it. Mr. X owns a gun.
The police have also determined that exactly half of the statements made by the four gangsters were true and half false, that is, there were four true statements made and four false ones. However, as usual, the police need your help: assuming that they are correct that one and only one of the Gang of Four killed Timm, and that half of the statements are true and half false, who done it? Can you help them solve the murder?
June 22nd, 2016 (Permalink)
Lesson in Logic 11: Class Diagrams
While researching the entry from last month on Hillary Clinton's Venn diagram―see Resource 1, below―I spent some time searching the web for a short, accurate, and easily understood introduction to Venn diagrams for those who, like Clinton, might not know how to read them. Unfortunately, I couldn't find anything that satisfied all three desiderata. The possibilities were either too technical―assuming, for instance, that the reader already knows set theory notation, in which case the reader probably also already knows how to read Venn diagrams―or were encyclopedic histories with more than you need to know to use them. Of course, most introductory textbooks on logic include sections explaining such diagrams, but you shouldn't have to buy a textbook for this limited purpose―though see Resource 4, below, if you want to become an expert.
For these reasons, I decided to write a few short lessons on how to understand and use Venn diagrams, of which this is the first. It's numbered 11 because I'm treating it as a continuation of the ten lessons on logic I wrote on this weblog several years ago. However, I expect that this and the subsequent lessons will stand on their own, so that you needn't read the previous ones―though I recommend it! Hopefully, candidate Clinton will study these lessons before "tweeting" any more embarrassing diagrams.
So, if you're ready, let's get started:
A class―also called a set, collection, or category―is a type of thing.
Examples of classes: Shoes, ships, cabbages, kings
It's important to note that classes need not have members. When a class has no members it is called an "empty" class.
Examples of empty classes: Unicorns, vampires, werewolves, passenger pigeons
Also, there are classes that have only one member. For instance, while the class of passenger pigeons is now empty, at one time there was a last surviving passenger pigeon named "Martha", so at that time the class of passenger pigeons had only one member. A more familiar example is the class of Presidents of the United States: at any given time, it has only one member.
In both Euler and Venn diagrams, circles are used to represent classes. The idea is to imagine that all members of the class are inside the circle, and that everything that does not belong to it is outside the circle. As an example, let's create a circle to represent the class of ivory-billed woodpeckers, which you should see to the right. I choose this class because the ivory-billed woodpecker may be as extinct as the passenger pigeon, but we don't know for sure. Some people claim to have seen them in recent years―the woodpeckers, that is, not the pigeons―but it's possible they were mistaking members of the non-extinct species of pileated woodpeckers for the similar ivory-billed ones.
This illustrates an important point about class circles, namely, that the circle itself says nothing about whether there are or aren't members of the class. In fact, the circle itself says nothing at all; it's like the words "ivory-billed woodpeckers", which taken alone tell us nothing at all about ivory-billed woodpeckers. If someone simply said "ivory-billed woodpeckers" out of the blue, you might ask: "What about them?" for that person has so far told you nothing.
Here's a question for you:
Q: Where on the diagram are you?
A: You may be surprised to find out that you're on the diagram at all! You're not inside the circle, surely, for you're not a woodpecker, let alone an ivory-billed one. Keep in mind that the inside of the circle is for ivory-billed woodpeckers and only ivory-billed woodpeckers. So, everything else in the universe, including you and me and the world's tallest tree, is outside of the circle.
There's a word for everything outside the class circle, namely, the complement of the class. The complement of a class is the class of everything that is not in the class it complements (not "compliments"!) Now, you might wonder if this is really a class, since you, me, and the world's tallest tree, et cetera, don't seem to have anything in common. However, we do have one thing in common: none of us is an ivory-billed woodpecker! So, the complement of the class of ivory-billed woodpeckers is, indeed, a class.
Up to this point, what I've written applies to both Euler and Venn diagrams: both use circles to represent classes, which is one reason why it is easy to confuse the two. How they differ is in the way that the circles are used to say things about the classes. From this point on in this lesson, I will be explaining the symbolism used to say something about a single class in Venn diagrams. With Euler diagrams, you really can't say anything about a class with a single circle.
Let's start by creating a circle to represent the extinct passenger pigeon. How do we represent the fact that this class has no members? Simple: we shade in the circle as shown. This shows that there is nothing inside the circle, so that the class of passenger pigeons is an empty class. For the first time, our diagram actually says something, namely, that the class of passenger pigeons has no members. Translated into English, the diagram says: "There are no passenger pigeons" or "Passenger pigeons do not exist." In terms of the previous lessons, the diagram makes a statement―see Lesson 2, below.
Q: How would you represent the class of pileated woodpeckers?
A: Simply draw a circle and label it: "pileated woodpeckers".
Q: How would you use the diagram to represent the fact that there are pileated woodpeckers?
A: Place an "X" in the class to indicate that there's something in there. You can think of the "X" as representing a particular woodpecker: "X marks the spot."
At this point, you may wonder how we can show that there is more than one such woodpecker.
Q: Would we show that there are two woodpeckers by putting two "X"s in the circle?
A: No, the "X" simply means that the class is non-empty; it says nothing about how many members it has. So, in English, the diagram says: "There are pileated woodpeckers" or "Pileated woodpeckers exist."
That's all that we can do with a single circle. Simple, isn't it? In the next lesson, we will add an additional circle, and things will get twice as complicated!
Exercises: Test your understanding of class circles and the two ways of expressing statements about classes by trying the following exercises. Each will push your understanding a little beyond what is explained above, so put on your thinking cap!
- Using the circle for the class of ivory-billed woodpeckers, above, how would you represent the statement that there are things that are not ivory-billed woodpeckers?
- For this exercise, start by drawing a circle to represent the class of material things. Suppose that you wanted to use the diagram to represent the philosophy of materialism, which claims that nothing is immaterial. Putting aside whether it is true or not, how would you represent the materialist's claim?
- Again, use the circle for the class of ivory-billed woodpeckers to represent the statement that not everything is an ivory-billed woodpecker.
- Again, draw a circle for the class of material things, and then represent the philosophy of idealism, which claims that nothing is material.
- Now, if you draw a circle representing the class of immaterial things, how would you represent the philosophy of idealism?
- In addition to claiming that nothing is immaterial, materialism also claims that there are material things. How would you alter the diagram you drew for exercise 2, above, to represent this additional claim?
- Looking at the diagrams from exercises 4 and 6, what can you conclude about the logical relationship between idealism and materialism?
- Hillary Clinton's Scandalous Venn Diagram, 5/22/2016
- A. W. F. Edwards, Cogwheels of the Mind: The Story of Venn Diagrams (2004). Everything you want to know about Venn diagrams, and more!
- Sun-Joo Shin, Oliver Lemon & John Mumma, "Venn Diagrams", Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy, 2013. An advanced historical discussion.
- Thomas Schwartz, The Art of Logical Reasoning (1980). An interesting and unusual introduction to logic that uses Venn diagrams as the sole evaluative tool. This is the first edition, and there does not appear to have been another, so it doesn't seem to have caught on with instructors.
Previous Lessons: 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10
June 18th, 2016 (Permalink)
New Book: Truth or Truthiness
Howard Wainer has a book out called Truth or Truthiness: Distinguishing Fact from Fiction by Learning to Think Like a Data Scientist. I haven't read it yet, but I have read his earlier one, Visual Revelations, on the graphical display of information. Like Caesar's Gaul, the new book is divided into three parts: the first on how to think like a "data scientist"―which I think just means "statistician"―the second on using charts and graphs to communicate data, and the third applies the tools for thinking from the first part to the problems of reforming the schools and education. I can't promise but I may have a review later this year.
Resource: Charts & Graphs: The YY Graph, 11/19/2013
June 2nd, 2016 (Permalink)
The Cutting Room Floor
Katie Couric has gotten into some hot water for the misleading editing of a documentary she produced:
Couric acknowledged Monday night…that a documentary she produced and narrated, "Under the Gun," misrepresented her exchange with members of the Virginia Citizens Defense League [VCDL]. The film was edited in a way that added an artificial pause between one of Couric's questions and group members' response, which had the effect of making the interview subjects appear stumped. In reality, they answered right away.
Source: Callum Borchers, "Why Katie Couric�s �misleading� editing matters in the presidential campaign", The Washington Post, 5/31/2016
Misleading film and video editing are not the sort of thing that have logical fallacies named after them, but perhaps they should. It's very easy to make an interview subject look foolish through editing. This is nothing new, at least in certain quarters, but it's something that you should always keep in mind when watching documentaries or interview shows, especially those that walk the fine line between comedy and news. According to Megan McArdle, this at least used to be a standard practice on The Daily Show:
Seriously, don't go on "The Daily Show." They control the format, the questions and the editing process. There is no way you can win. Your purpose is to look like an idiot on the show, and they have all the tools they need to make sure you fulfill that purpose. There is a reason that you have never seen a video clip of someone who "beat" Jon Stewart…: They are really good at this, and what they are good at is making you look like a stubborn moron who couldn't find his backside with both hands in the dark.
Source: Megan McArdle, "Don't Ever Appear on 'The Daily Show'", Bloomberg, 9/23/2014
McArdle goes on to recommend what to do if you do go on the show:
If you must, bring two tape recorders, a video camera and a witness. Announce at the beginning that you are going to record this and reserve the right to release the entire recording to the public. When they tell you that they will not do the interview under those conditions, prepare to leave. There is no ethical reason that a reporter requires the ability to ask you questions without having those questions recorded. The reason they don't want unedited audio is that you might release it and be revealed as a normal decent person, rather than a horrible fool.
Interestingly, this is what the VCDL did―well, I don't know whether they followed McArdle's advice to the letter, or whether they had even read McArdle's article, but what they did do was to make an audio recording of the interview themselves. So, by releasing the recording of the full interview they established that there was no long pause after the question, eventually forcing Couric to apologize.
Michael Moore practically made his reputation through misleading editing, starting with his very first movie Roger & Me. However, his own movie about guns, Bowling for Columbine, had a particularly egregious example:
In Bowling for Columbine, Moore has refined the technique of deceptive editing that he developed in Roger & Me. He cuts and edits short snippets from two different speeches given by Charlton Heston more than a year apart, and presents them in such a way that the viewer assumes they are part of the same speech―one given at Denver just days after the Columbine massacre. By using cutaway edits to distract from Heston's apparent mid-speech change of clothes, Moore suggests that Heston is a callous fool who doesn't care or doesn't realize that the people of Denver and its suburbs have just been traumatized by a terrible crime. So we see Heston saying, in the first speech, which was given at Charlotte, North Carolina, more than a year after the Columbine killings: "…from my cold, dead hands!" while brandishing a rifle over his head. …
In a rebuttal to his critics, Moore ackowledges the proximity of the edited images but not the possibility that they were meant to be perceived as part of the same speech. For anyone who has seen the film, this is rather disingenuous. Moore's voice-over narration says, "Just ten days after the Columbine killings, despite the pleas of a community in mourning, Charlton Heston came to Denver and held a large pro-gun rally for the National Rifle Association" while the "cold, dead hands" scene is still playing, while Heston is still holding the rifle over his head. The viewer, cued by the voice-over, would have a hard time not thinking this took place right after Columbine. I certainly thought so when I saw the movie for the first time.
Source: Jesse Larner, Forgive Us Our Spins: Michael Moore and the Future of the Left (2006), pp. 107-108
Indeed, and no doubt many people who saw the movie still believe that Charlton Heston went to Columbine right after the shootings and waved a rifle over his head while saying: "From my cold, dead hands!" If Moore didn't realize that the editing of the movie would have this effect then he's not as savvy a filmmaker as I think he is.
Now, Couric is supposed to be a serious journalist, unlike Moore or The Daily Show. The latter can always plead that they are comedians, not reporters, and what they do is entertainment rather than journalism. For example, when Moore appeared on CNN's Moneyline show to promote his book Stupid White Men, host Lou Dobbs pressed him about inaccuracies in it:
Dobbs: Salon.com just took you to task on this book, pointing out glaring inaccuracies….
Moore: …[Y]ou know, look, this is a book of political humor. So, I mean, I don't respond to that sort of stuff, you know.
Dobbs: Glaring inaccuracies?
Moore: No, I don't. Why should I? How can there be inaccuracy in comedy?
Source: "Suicide Bomber Kills Six in Middle East; Venezuelan President Ousted", CNN, 4/12/2002
Similarly, in Jon Stewart's notorious appearance on CNN's Crossfire during which he criticized the show, Tucker Carlson tu quoqued him by bringing up Stewart's softball questioning on his own show of presidential candidate John Kerry:
Stewart: If you want to compare your show to a comedy show, you're more than welcome to. … I wouldn't aim for us. I'd aim for "Seinfeld." That's a very good show. …
Carlson: You have a chance to interview the Democratic nominee. You asked him questions such as, quote, "How are you holding up? Is it hard not to take the attacks personally?" "Have you ever flip-flopped?" et cetera, et cetera. …
Stewart: You know, it's interesting to hear you talk about my responsibility. … I didn't realize that, and maybe this explains quite a bit, is that the news organizations look to Comedy Central for their cues on integrity. … But my point is this. If your idea of confronting me is that I don't ask hard-hitting enough news questions, we're in bad shape, fellows.
Source: "Jon Stewart's America", CNN, 10/15/2004
The traditional logical fallacies were developed over the centuries before the invention of movies and video, when spoken and written language were the dominant forms of communication. So, deceptive editing of video does not fit precisely in any existing category of fallacy. However, the kind of editing committed in the above examples is similar to―and in some cases actually is―quoting out of context, in that editing removes a clip from its context. In addition to removing it from its actual context, editing also places it in a different context, giving the clip a different significance. For example, by deceptive editing, the Heston "cold, dead hands" speech was made to appear to have occurred in a different city over a year earlier than it did.
Unfortunately, it's very difficult if not impossible for viewers to protect themselves from being misled by editing. The original context of an interview may be left on the floor of the editing room, or in the hands of those who made the misleading edits. Unless the interview subjects, like the VCDL, have the sense to make their own record of the interview, it may be impossible to prove their accusations of being misrepresented.
One thing that a viewer can do is to keep in mind that comedy shows like The Daily Show, or satirical filmmakers like Michael Moore, have lower standards than regular news shows or serious documentarians―except, perhaps, for Katie Couric.
- Ben Fritz, "Viewer Beware", Spinsanity, 11/19/2002
- Noah Rothman, "Peter Schiff Takes Mediaite Inside His Daily Show �Hit Job�", Mediaite, 2/5/2014
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By Adrian Jorre de St. Jorre on Jan. 17 2012
Format: PaperbackSending feedback...
I am a reader who generally does not enjoy fiction. I would usually rather read one of my engineering textbooks than a 200 page novel, and when I do read fiction it takes me weeks to to get through a book. I picked up Astreya on a Sunday night and finished the last page in the wee hours of Thursday morning, having been unable to stop after Astreya meets Gar and Lindey. I loved it as a sailor, I loved it as fan of the fine arts and I loved it as a traveller. Seymour Hamilton managed to create engaging characters that you feel like you know by the end; without ever dwindling in awkward descriptions which is where most fiction loses me. I can't wait to read the sequel!!
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Most Helpful Customer Reviews on Amazon.com (beta)
4 of 4 people found the following review helpful
By Spider Robinson - Published on Amazon.com
Format: Kindle Edition Verified Purchase
I have known Seymour Hamilton for over thirty years, and am only surprised that it took this long for Astreya to reach the marketplace. I guess he's been busy with other things. It is a work of great power, insight, and ferocious imagination, and like its creator it is almost impossible to dislike. I had the honour and pleasure of reading it in manuscript, and am overjoyed that it has finally taken up residence in my Kindle. I recommend it unreservedly. Mr. Hamilton understands people, and has an intuitive grasp of story I envy.
1 of 1 people found the following review helpful
By Robert Bott - Published on Amazon.com
Format: Kindle Edition
This is not one of my usual genres, but the seafaring stuff in the early chapters sucked me in and I found myself thoroughly engrossed in the alternate landscape and history Hamilton has created. In this first volume, he has wisely introduced only one "magical" element, a bracelet with strange properties (and perhaps powers), and for the most part the landscape and seascape are comfortably medieval. The plot moves along nicely, and the prose is well crafted. The most important test is that I finished with a great hunger for the next volume.
1 of 1 people found the following review helpful
By Alex Morton - Published on Amazon.com
Format: Kindle Edition
Rarely have I read something that combines a love of sailing and the sea with such a great story. The instant I finished Book 1 I had to have a copy of Book 2 and after that, Book three. Even if I didn't share the author's interest in the sea, I would have been enthralled by the story. The books are beautifully written, exciting and fun. I'm desperately hoping for a Book 4.
I'm a reader and go through two or three books a week and when I find something like this, it's like striking gold.
I'm a reader and go through two or three books a week and when I find something like this, it's like striking gold.
By craigr1971 - Published on Amazon.com
Format: Paperback
I must provide a mixed review for Astreya:1. I do love the authentic knowledge of the sea Mr Hamilton displays. I also give him high marks for the time and energy he invests in painting the scenes and depicting the characters. The protagonist, the girl, and the supporting players are credible, empathetic when appropriate, and tangible. There are aspects to the novel which are fresh, but, detracting over all are the stock-nature of the tale. Outcast boy loosed on the world with super powers he is unaware of, beautiful strong princes figure becomes his romantic partner, and evil pirates, those sort of off-the-shelf plot fixtures are lifeless. The major detractors are unresolved plot glitches which heavily weigh on the credibility of the action. Avoiding spoilers, here are three. 1) Why did they shoot arrows at the boat? It made no sense but did account for the boat leaving. 2) Why stay on the scaffold during the fight, waiting for the flames? 3) Why did the slow-motion defense not kick-in when kidnapped? Good tale of the sea, nice characters, but a stock and flawed plot make this 3.5/5 in my book.
By Ms Janet Cameron - Published on Amazon.com
Format: Kindle Edition Verified Purchase
I loved spending time in the world of Astreya. Before this, I hadn't read a fantasy novel in years, and I was surprised at the level of realism and the way Seymour Hamilton trusts his characters to carry the story without a lot of magic swords and mythological bombast. There is an air of mystery in the background - is this the past or some post-apocalyptic future? And what's the meaning of the coded messages Astreya's been left by his father? But these questions remain intriguingly in the background and don't overwhelm the story. Instead we see our hero grow up, deal with bullies, fall in love and decide he'd like to be an artist, as well as the other adventures and action you'd expect from good fantasy. I look forward to the rest of the series.
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