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paralegal jobs near Demarest, NJ
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Litigation Paralegal
Wegman Partners - New York, NY
Paralegal Studies degree is helpful as well. Concordance and Relativity databases; Our client, a high-end and boutique corporate, securities and litigation law...
Trusts & Estates Paralegal (NY)
Herrick, Feinstein LLP - New York, NY
A New York-based law firm seeks for its Midtown office a Trusts & Estates Paralegal with estate administration experience and a strong understanding of NY...
Paralegal - Personal Injury
Spar Bernstein P.C. - New York, NY
Downtown Manhattan Personal Injury Practice seeks an experienced full-time litigation paralegal. Applicant MUST have at least two years of experience as a legal...
Temporary Litigation Paralegal
Wegman Partners - New York, NY
Downtown Manhattan law firm seeks immediate and experienced temporary litigation paralegal for long term assignment....
Paralegal mortgage banking law firm
Law Offices of Laurence Kramer, PLLC - Armonk, NY
Paralegal school graduate. Armonk, NY 10504. Paralegal in Westchester County law firm specializing in Real Estate and Mortgage Banking....
Real Estate Title Company Settlement Agent Paralegal
MAIN STREET TITLE AND SETTLEMENT SERVICES - Hackensack, NJ
Fast paced / Well Established, Real Estate Title Company seeks an experienced Title Processor/Closer to join our team of Real Estate Professionals....
Permanent Junior Associate Attorney Role
Wegman Partners - Newark, NJ
Bar admission in New Jersey or New York. Strong legal research and writing abilities. Ability and desire to work on matters beyond regular business hours....
The Edelsteins, Faegenburg & Brown - New York, NY
PERSONAL INJURY PARALEGAL (DOWNTOWN N.Y.C.)*. Well established small firm specializing in personal injury, medical malpractice seeking a full time paralegal...
SCHNADER HARRISON SEGAL & LEWIS LLP - New York, NY
New York, NY. The New York office of a national Philadelphia-based law firm, is seeking a paralegal to support a fast-paced commercial leasing and real estate...
Disability Paralegal
Riemer & Associates LLC - New York, NY
SSDI or WC Paralegal:. In this capacity, you will be responsible for communicating with clients who seek assistance during a desperate time of need....


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systems jobs near Spring House, PA
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Systems Analyst
Turn 5, Inc. - Malvern, PA
Is seeking a Systems Analyst to join our growing e-commerce team. Experience using source control and tracking changes Agile/Iterative Development Must be able...
QA Analyst
Turn 5, Inc. - Malvern, PA
(MSSQL preferred) Experience with ticketing systems (Zendesk/Assembla/Bugzilla/etc.). Assist in documentation of processes and systems where necessary....
Technical Writer
Nuix - Conshohocken, PA
Includes documenting process flows and flowcharts, project data, diagrams, communications, installation/configuration guides, and end-to-end system information....
Network Engineer
SAFARI Montage - Conshohocken, PA
Assist in conducting analyses of new technologies and recommendations for system configurations and network design;...
Network Engineer
Coredial - Blue Bell, PA
Research and evaluate products in order to recommend solutions to enhance systems infrastructure. Maintain and improve documentation and inventory of the...
Fire Alarm Technician
Orr Protection Systems - Philadelphia, PA
Primary focus will be on systems inspection, testing and maintenance of commercial clean agent fire suppression and fire alarm systems....
Salesforce Pre-Sales Engineer
Synaptic Advisory Partners - Philadelphia, PA
Strong knowledge of software development lifecycles, systems engineering and business process re-engineering. What you will do....
Microsoft Network Support Engineer
Logic Choice Business Technologies, LLC - Bryn Mawr, PA
Continue to enhance network performance while ensuring system availability and up-time. Plan and perform network maintenance and system upgrades as required....
Automation Controls Systems Engineer
Xyntek, Inc - Newtown, PA
Automation control and/or systems integration:. Troubleshooting and evaluation of existing control systems. Minimum 2 years of industry related experience in...
Software Engineer (Healthcare Data)
HealthVerity - Philadelphia, PA
Expert knowledge of security requirements, web services, service-oriented architecture, design patterns, multi-threaded systems, and automated unit testing....


text:
|Publication number
|Publication type
|Application number
|Publication date
|Dec 15, 1992
|Filing date
|Apr 11, 1991
|Priority date
|Jun 4, 1990
|Fee status
|Also published as
|Publication number
|Lee F. Nikkel, Eugene H. Schmidt, Marlin W. Unruh
|Original Assignee
|A.I.L., Inc.
|Export Citation
|BiBTeX, EndNote, RefMan
|Patent Citations (17), Non-Patent Citations (13), Referenced by (27), Classifications (10), Legal Events (5)
|External Links: USPTO, USPTO Assignment, Espacenet
This is a continuation-in-part of application Ser. No. 533,018, filed Jun. 4, 1990, now U.S. Pat. No. 5,025,866 and is assigned to the same assignee as the parent application.
The present invention generally relates to guidance control systems for implements that trail a vehicle and more particularly to a guidance system for a farm implement in combination with a farm tractor.
There has been a continuing desire of operators of farm tractors as well as other vehicles for a guidance control system that would aid the operator in traveling along a desired path through a field more accurately. This continuing desire has resulted in the development of many prior art systems, some of which are more effective and reliable than others. While some guidance systems are more concerned with controlling the tractor itself, a more effective approach is to control the position of the implement relative to the tractor that is pulling it, with the focus being on proper positioning of the implement rather than the tractor itself.
If an operator is cultivating a crop that has already reached a stand, or is applying herbicide or the like, the difficulty does not reside in the operator being able to keep the tractor between the rows without the tractor wheels crushing the crop, but rather keeping the implement from getting too close to the crop which could, in the case of cultivation, result in damage to the roots of the crop by the cultivator blades. In the case of applying herbicide or the like, it is obviously desirable to have the herbicide applied as close to the crop as possible so that an effective kill of the weeds can be accomplished without damaging the plants.
Systems have been developed which have the implement attached to the tractor by a mechanism which effectively lengthens one side relative to the other operating in combination with a stabilizing wheel which is a disc-like wheel that is located rearwardly of the hitch and attached to the implement and which provides a fulcrum about which adjustment of the draw bar makes the necessary corrections. While prior art systems have utilized this basic mechanical concept in their operation, the control of the implement relative to the tractor is done in different ways. The control mechanisms which control the operation of the mechanical portions of such systems may include sensing wands and the like, which generally control the operation of hydraulic cylinders and these control mechanisms also operate in different ways.
While the use of a wand mechanism associated with the implement which is dragged along the ground is a common means for sensing the relative position of the implement to the row, the use of only the wand sometimes does not result in totally acceptable or reliable performance. Moreover, the wand is generally pivotally mounted on the implement and its angular position is sensed for the purpose of providing a corrective signal for controlling the guidance system and various means have been used to sense this position, including infrared emitters and detectors, as well as potentiometers. Infrared sensors tend to become soiled because of the dusty conditions in the field and potentiometers tend to wear out in a relatively short time. Additionally, an infrared radiation control scheme generally requires additional circuitry for providing a usable corrective signal which increases the manufacturing costs.
Accordingly, it is a primary object of the present invention to provide an improved guidance system for the combination of a farm tractor and trailing implement, wherein the guidance system is of the type where the implement is attached to a 3-point hitch mechanism that can be angularly oriented in a horizontal plane by extending one side relative to the other to change the angle of the cross bar relative to the drive axle of the tractor.
Another object of the present invention is to provide such an improved guidance system which is useful for operation with an implement that is attached with a single pull hitch.
Another object of the present invention is to provide an improved guidance system of the foregoing type which utilizes a wand sensor in addition to a sensor which detects the angular position of the hitch mechanism and uses both signals for generating a correction signal for correcting the angular position of the hitch mechanism to achieve proper guidance.
Yet another object of the present invention is to provide an improved guidance system which has superior guidance capability as a result of the superior design and capability of the electrical control circuitry.
Still another object of the present invention is to provide an improved guidance system of the foregoing type which utilizes magnetic interaction for detecting the lateral position of a wand relative to the desired path, as well as the angular position of the hitch mechanism cross bar.
Another object of the present invention is to provide such an improved guidance system of the foregoing type which utilizes Hall effect sensors in its design and construction, which is substantially insensitive to the presence of dust and moisture, thereby contributing to reliable and efficient operation. A related object lies in the provision of such Hall effect sensors providing a usable output signal for the circuitry that controls the operation of the guidance system. Another related object lies in the provision of such Hall effect sensors being extremely small, which enables the sensor structure to be compact in size.
Yet another object of the present invention is to provide an improved guidance system of the above type which reliably performs corrective action without experiencing over-correction and thereby necessitating reverse correction, otherwise known as hunting.
A related object lies in the provision of utilizing the combination of signals from the wand sensor and hitch sensor to initiate corrective action and once initiated, changing the sensitivity during correction to terminate the correction action before centering is accomplished to thereby employ momentum of the hydraulic system to achieve centering without requiring reverse correction.
Other objects and advantages will become apparent from the ensuing detailed description, while referring to the attached drawings, in which:
FIGS. 1A and 1B are greatly simplified top views of a tractor traveling down a row and illustrating the operation of the hitch mechanism that is associated with the guidance system of the present invention, and also showing a trailing implement that is equipped with a stabilizing disc;
FIG. 2 is a perspective view of the rear of the mount hitch that is attached to a tractor and to which the implement is to be attached, and also illustrating the wand that extends rearwardly of the tractor when the mount hitch is installed;
FIG. 3 is an exploded perspective of the structure of the wand position sensor portion of the apparatus of the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a partially exploded perspective of the wand sensor assembly and is an enlargement of a portion of the perspective shown in FIG. 2;
FIG. 5 is a front plan view of the operator console portion of the present invention;
FIG. 6 is a perspective of the structure of the wands and associated support structure;
FIG. 7 is an exploded perspective of a portion of the mounting hitch sensor which is also shown in FIG. 2;
FIG. 8 is a side elevation of a portion of the mounting hitch sensor, shown partially in section;
FIG. 9 is an electrical schematic diagram of the major portion of the circuitry associated with the guidance system embodying the present invention;
FIG. 10 is also an electrical schematic diagram of one of the bar graph displays of the console;
FIG. 11 is a side elevation of another embodiment of the present invention that is useful for a pull hitch implement, and the side elevation illustrates a portion of the implement with a portion of the apparatus of the other embodiment;
FIG. 12 is a top plan view of the embodiment shown in FIG. 11, with portions removed, but illustrating some of the hydraulic components and the wand sensor of the apparatus; and
FIG. 13 is another top plan view of the embodiment shown in FIGS. 11 and 12, with portions removed, and particularly illustrating the hydraulic cylinders, and another angular position of the pull hitch relative to the implement tool bar also being shown in phantom.
Broadly stated, the present invention is directed to a guidance control system for farm tractors in combination with a trailing implement although the guidance system is not limited to such a particular application. It is contemplated that the guidance control system could be used with vehicles other than farm tractors and could have general applicability to any such vehicle that would utilize a mounting hitch to which some type of implement could be attached and where angular positioning of the implement is desired.
However, the system is particularly useful in guiding implements that trail a tractor such as those used in row crop farming. The system includes a hitch that is mounted to a 3-point tractor hitch and the hitch of the guidance system is adapted to move in a manner whereby each side of the hitch may be extended or retracted, with the extension of one side resulting in retraction of the other, thereby changing the angle of the guidance system hitch relative to the angle of the tractor hitch. Stated in other words, the angle of the guidance system hitch may be varied relative to the direction of the axle of the rear tractor drive wheels. An alternate embodiment of the system is adapted for use with implements that have a trailing hitch, rather than a 3-point hitch, and the same principles apply.
Referring to the drawings, and particularly FIGS. 1A and 1B, there is shown a tractor, indicated generally at 20, which has rear drive wheels 22 and front wheels 24 for steering the same. Immediately behind the cab 26 is a 3-point tractor hitch comprised of outer draft links 28 and a center link 30 for mounting implements. The hitch of the guidance system, indicated generally at 32, is connected to the hitch elements 28 and 30 of the tractor hitch and the implement is then attached to three points of the guidance system hitch 32.
As can be appreciated from FIG. 1A, if the tractor is angled to the right relative to the direction of the rows, the upper or left side of the hitch 32 is extended with the lower or right side retracted so that the angle of the guidance system hitch 32 is more perpendicular to the orientation of the rows. As shown in FIG. 1B, if the tractor is angled to the left relative to the rows, the lower side of the hitch is extended while the upper is retracted and this also maintains the guidance system hitch 32 in the generally perpendicular position. Regardless of whether the upper or lower sides of the hitch is extended or retracted, the center of the hitch has a relatively constant length during operation.
The diagrammatic representations of FIGS. 1A and 1B also show a stabilizing disc 33 that is mounted to the implement and located some distance from the system hitch 32. This stabilizing disc 33 penetrates into the soil and acts as a fulcrum about which the implement can be angled. Stated in other words, when the angle of the hitch 32 is changed, it slightly changes the angular orientation of the stabilizing disc 33 and causes the implement to be transversely moved during forward movement to bring the implement back to center along the desired path of movement. It should be understood that while it is preferred that a stabilizing disc 33 be used, a stabilizing wheel may used. It may be possible that some implements may not require a stabilizing disc at all, provided that the natural operational characteristics of the implement be such that the implement would tend to rotate in the same way as if a stabilizing disc were present.
Thus, with the corrections that are made by the guidance system, the tractor does not have to be precisely maintained along the desired path and the system will maintain the implement in the center of the rows. It should also be appreciated that when the angle of the guidance system hitch is changed relative to the tractor hitch, it is also important that the arms of the tractor hitch be adjusted so that they can move from side to side by a predetermined amount, preferably about 10 inches. This permits angulation of the system hitch to result in the centering movement of the system hitch as well as the rear portion of the tractor hitch relative to the lateral position of the tractor itself. Such adjustment generally involves the removal of sway blocks, which when they are present, restricts the transverse movement of the tractor hitch. However, the removal of such sway blocks should only be done for the tractor hitch in the lowered or working position. Upper sway blocks should be present to keep the tractor hitch and attached implement from banging from side to side during transport or the like.
With respect to the alternate embodiment for use with a trailing hitch, the implement hitch arm is attached to a single preferably center hitch of the tractor and rotates about the hitch pin. By changing the angular position of the trailing hitch arm relative to the transverse implement tool bar, the same transverse centering movement is obtained.
An advantage of such a guidance system is that more accurate operation can be achieved with less skill and effort. Among other advantages, relatively lesser skilled operators can do the work, and the quality of the job is not appreciably affected.
Referring to FIG. 2, which shows the guidance system hitch 32 from the rear end, i.e., the end which attaches to the tractor, the hitch 32 has a left side casting 34, a right side casting 36, which respectively contain left and right hydraulic cylinders 38 and 40. The cylinder 38 has an extendable piston 42 whereas the cylinder 40 has a similar piston 44, with each of the pistons being connected to crank arms 46 and 48, respectively, each of which pivots around a shaft such as the right shaft 50, the left not being shown. The crank arms 48 have a mounting pin 52 for attachment to the tractor hitch. A center clevis, indicated generally at 54, also mounts to the third point of the 3-point tractor hitch. The cylinders 38 and 40 are connected to a hydraulic system, generally contained within the box 56, which is preferably connected to the hydraulic system of the tractor. The hydraulic lines are preferably connected so that extension of one cylinder 38 will result in displacement of fluid from one end of the cylinder and will cause a similar displacement in the opposite cylinder 40 to result in comparable retraction of its piston 44. Movement of the pistons 42 or 44 will rotate the crank arms 46 or 48 around their shafts and by virtue of the connection with clevis pins 52, result in movement of one side or the other toward and away from the tractor to thereby change the angular orientation of the guidance system hitch 32 relative to the tractor.
To measure the position of the crank arms and thereby the angular orientation of the guidance system hitch 32, a hitch angle sensor mechanism, indicated generally at 60, is provided and it comprises a rotatable arm 62 that is connected to the crank arm and pivots around a sensor mechanism shown in FIGS. 7 and 8. The sensor mechanism includes a stationary outer housing 64 which has an internal recess 66 in which a rotatable rotor element 68 is located. This element has a outer diameter slightly less than the diameter of the recess and a thickness slightly less than the thickness of the recess so that it is free to rotate within the recess. The housing 64 is preferably secured to the side of the left casting 34 by suitable screws 69 located in the outer periphery of the same. The rotor element 68 has a small annular extension 70 which protrudes through a slightly larger diameter aperture 72 in the housing 64 and has a threaded aperture 76 to which a bolt 78 attaches the lever arm 62.
The housing 64 has an electrical conductor 79 extending therefrom and it is connected to a Hall effect sensor 80 that comprises a sensor element which measures changes in magnetic flux relative to the head and generates a signal that is proportional to the magnitude of such flux. The rotor 68 has a small relatively strong magnet 82 located in a suitable recess therein and preferably epoxy thereto and flush with the outer periphery. While not critical, the size of the magnet is approximately 1/4�1/4�0.6 inch, with opposite ends being magnetic north and south.
From the foregoing description, it should be appreciated that as the rotor 68 is turned by action of the crank arm and the lever arm 62 rotating, the Hall effect sensor 80 will detect changes in the rotation and generate an electrical output that is applied to the circuitry to be described via conductor or line 78.
As previously generally mentioned, the guidance system of the present invention also includes a wand assembly, indicated generally at 84, and which is shown in FIGS. 2, 4 and 6. As shown in FIGS. 2 and 6, the wand assembly 84 is supported by a center housing 85, but it should also be appreciated that it is not essential that the center housing 85 be present. The wand assembly 84 may be mounted laterally of the center by one or two rows if desired. In this regard, such an off center mounting may be desirable for implements which require the use of the tractor power takeoff, which is located in the center. It is also useful for the alternate embodiment illustrated in FIGS. 11-13.
The wand assembly 84 has a generally wishbone shape and comprises two wand arms 86, which extend rearwardly of the guidance system hitch 32. These wands can be vertically adjusted and the spacing between them can also be adjusted to correspond with the width of rows of the crop or the like, which they are intended to detect. The distance between the two wands can be adjusted by varying the location of bolts 88 located in horizontally oriented plates 90 which preferably have an end portion 92 and a sleeve 94 which fits on a shaft element 96. The plates 90 therefore are free to pivot vertically around the shaft 96. The shaft elements 96 have an enlarged end bushing portion 98 which are force fit into suitable apertures 100 located in a pivotal block 102. This block also has off centered cam elements 103 suitably attached thereto which can be adjusted for the purpose of changing the angular orientation of the plates 90 when the implement is raised during traveling or turning around in the field. This results in the wand arms 86 being elevated as the implement is elevated.
The angular position of the wand arms relative to the guidance system hitch 32 is detected by the structure to which the block 102 is mounted. This block 102 is adapted to rotate around a shaft 104 that is fixedly attached thereto and which has a reduced diameter end portion 106 and threads 108 adjacent thereto on the larger shaft portion. Referring to FIG. 4, the block 102 has end pins 110 frictionally set in apertures thereof which, during rotation, limit movement thereof by these pins 110 contacting one or the other of side plates 112. There is a spring biased centering mechanism, indicated generally at 114, which returns the wands to a center position if they are not in contact with crops, rows or the like. This centering mechanism includes a pair of pins 116 to which washers 118 bear. A pair of springs 120 are provided which bear against the washers 118 and against respective nuts 122. The centering mechanism includes a shaft 123 having an enlarged center portion which fits between the pins 116 when the mechanism is centered. The shaft 123 extends through the side plates 112 and a threaded end portion is secured by a nut 124 on the outside. The center portion is larger than the inside diameter of the washers so that rotation of the block 102 results in the pins bearing against the washer on the side to which the block 102 is being moved and compressing that spring. The center portion retains the other washer 118 and the spring associated with that side does not become compressed unless the block is pivoted in the opposite direction.
By adjusting the nuts 122 and 124, the bolt 123 can be moved in the axial direction, which necessarily moves the center position. By so doing, the rest position of the wand arms can be adjusted. The shaft 104 is rotatable in a pair of bushings 126 which have a reduced diameter portion 128 that fit within a sleeve 130, with the annular face between the two diameter sections, shown at 132, bearing against the respective ends of the sleeve 130. A nut 133 is threaded upon the threaded portion 108 to hold the mechanism together. The sleeve 130 is secured within the housing by threaded bolts 134 which extend through suitable apertures in the side plates 112 and engage threaded openings 136 in the sleeve.
To detect the angular position of the wands, an elongated block 140 is provided and includes an aperture 142 which fits over the end 106 of the shaft 104 and is secured by a set screw 144 that is threaded into an aperture (not shown) in the block 140. At the opposite end of the block 140 is a magnet 146 that is contained within a recess and is preferably the same size and type of magnet as the magnet 82. Thus, as the block 102 rotates with rotation of the wands 86, the block 140 similarly rotates and it is in close proximity to a stationary block 148 that is secured by set screws 152 located on opposite sides within the housing 84. The far end (as shown) of the block 148 contains an extension 154 which fits within an aperture in the rear face of the enclosure. Thus, by adjustment of the opposing set screws 152, the block may be adjusted left and right relative to the pivot point defined by the extension 152 for the purpose of centering the wand detection sensor 150. A pair of lock nuts (not shown) are applied to the bolt 123 on the outside of the housing 85 to secure the bolt position. The wand detection sensor 150 is also preferably a Hall effect head that is located within a groove in the undersurface of the block 148 and the electrical conductor 156 from the Hall effect sensor extends upwardly to the electrical circuitry to be described.
The guidance system includes an operator's console 160 that preferably is located in the tractor cab and it includes a bar graph meter 162 for the wand position and another bar graph indicator 164 for the hitch orientation. There is also a knob 166 for centering the implement during operation, a sensitivity control knob 168 for adjusting the quickness of correction as a function of detected changes in the orientation of the wand and/or crank arm, a feedback adjustment knob 170 which controls the degree of influence from the wand sensor relative to the hitch angle sensor, a power on and off switch 172, alarm switch 174 and a guidance control switch 176 which effectively controls the activation of the wand sensor signal that is used to calibrate the system and to turn off the wand sensor during travel from one field to another when the wand may be elevated and would be free to swing back and forth. Obviously, it is not desirable to have the control system make corrections during such time. It should also be understood that some implements may contact the rear tractor wheels when the implement is elevated and it is therefore necessary that the hitch 32 of the guidance system be perpendicular and centered so that such contact will not occur.
The signals from the hitch angle sensor and the wand sensor are applied to the circuitry which is located in the console, and also shown in FIGS. 9 and 10. The circuitry generally operates to receive the sensor signals and generate a correction signal, which can also be considered a feedback signal. Other portions of the circuitry detect whether the sensors are sensing that the mechanisms which carry them have traveled the full extent of their range of movement, and warning signals are selectively generated when this occurs. Other portions of the circuitry sense the existence and direction of any change that is occurring with respect to the guidance system hitch 32 angular position, and this detection is used to modify the length of time that a correction signal is being generated. This has the effect of using the momentum of the hydraulics to achieve centering without overshooting or hunting by the system.
With respect to the feedback circuitry, indicated generally at 200, it receives the output voltages from the wand sensor and the hitch angle sensor and provides a feedback output signal that is processed to produce drive signals for activating the solenoid valves for operating the hydraulic cylinders associated with the crank arm mechanisms that move to control the position of the center tube and therefore the implement.
Referring to the electrical schematic diagram of FIG. 9, the voltage from the wand sensor is applied on line 202 that extends to the collector of a transistor 204 the emitter of which is connected to the emitter of a transistor 206 and the collector of transistor 206 is connected to a potentiometer 170. The base of each of the transistors 204 and 206 are connected to a switch 176. The voltage from the hitch angle sensor is input to line 212 that is connected to resistor 214, which in turn is connected to ground through capacitor 216 and to potentiometer 170 and to an integrated circuit 218 via line 220, which circuit 218 operates as a sophisticated comparator device providing digital outputs depending upon the input levels and conditions which will be described. The circuit 218 is a model LTC 1040, manufactured by the Linear Technology Corporation.
The levels of the signal from the wand sensor on line 202 is applied to the bar graph driver circuit 178 shown in FIG. 10, which converts the signal level to light selected light emitting diodes shown generally at 180. The outer two pairs of diodes emit a red light, the adjacent pairs of diodes are yellow and the center pair of diodes are green. When the tractor and implement are centered, the green lights are illuminated and when error is detected in either direction, then the yellow or red lights would be illuminated. The circuitry for the hitch angle sensor is identical and these light emitting diodes are part of the display 162 and 164 of the console 160.
During operation when both the hitch angle sensor and wand sensor are activated, the voltage from each of the sensors, which typically are within the range of approximately 1 vdc to 7 vdc, are added and divided by two by the circuitry defined by potentiometer 170, resistor 214 and capacitor 216. If the potentiometer 170 is adjusted so that the resistance is lowest, then the voltage contribution from the wand is greater than from the hitch angle sensor, and the influence of the feedback circuit 200 is mostly that of the wand sensor. If the potentiometer 170 is adjusted to be approximately midway, then with the preferred values of the potentiometer 170 and resistor 214, the voltage contribution from the wand sensor is approximately preferably twice that of the hitch angle sensor, and with the addition and divide by two operation, results in a near cancellation of the influence of one sensor relative to the other.
In practical terms, if the wand is tracking to the left, the wand sensor will generate a signal that will cause a correction of the crank arm that will result in the wand becoming straight. The influence of the hitch angle sensor is a stabilizing voltage that will neutralize the effects of changes of the wand sensor signal and thereby reduces any "hunting" action that may otherwise occur by operation of the wand sensor itself in the absence of the hitch angle sensor signal.
As previously mentioned, the circuit 218 is a relatively sophisticated comparator circuit which provides outputs for operating the solenoid valves for controlling the hydraulic cylinders for moving the crank arm mechanisms. To this end, circuit 218 has output lines 222 and 224, which respectively extend to solenoid drive circuits 226 and 228, which control the right and left solenoids. Line 222 is connected to right solenoid drive circuit 226 and is connected to a resistor 230 which is connected to the gate of a MOSFET transistor 232 and to a zener diode 234. The transistor 232 is connected to line 236 and provides a high output when the transistor is conducting. An advantage of the use of the MOSFET transistor for providing the output is that there is very little voltage drop across the transistor and very little heat is produced by it during operation. This enables the transistor to be placed in a small protected enclosure and is not exposed to the dirty environment, and heat sinking is not particularly important. A light emitting diode 238 is provided to indicate when the solenoid is energized and may be helpful in troubleshooting the system in case of malfunction. A Schottkey diode 240 provides a clamping function, and zener diode 234 prevents transients from being applied to the gate of transistor 232. Line 236 goes low when transistor 232 is in conduction. The other circuit for the left solenoid is identical and will therefore not be described.
The circuit 218 thus provides output signals to the solenoid drive circuits which results in the hydraulic cylinders being activated to perform adjustment of the crank arm mechanisms and therefore the position of the center tube and the implement attached to the system. The correction signals originate from the feedback circuit 200 as has been previously described.
In accordance with another aspect of the present invention, the solenoid valves that are used are model AMW4D61-12VDC as manufactured by the Wand Flue Company, which are available from Fluid Tech Co. of Kansas City, Mo. The solenoid construction is such that a spool within it must be moved and fluid is present within the chamber having the spool and that fluid must be displaced through a small orifice. The effect of the construction is that the solenoid has a softer operating action which minimizes shock to the system during operation. Also, the cylinders 38 and 40 are model T.K.3502220PA-04 as manufactured by Texas Hydraulics Company of Austin, Tex., and have a 21/4 inch stroke which is sufficient to provide the desired angular arc of approximately 13 degrees. It should be understood that the same cylinders are used in the preferred embodiment shown in FIG. 2 as well as the alternative embodiment shown in FIG. 12.
In accordance with an important aspect of the present invention, the operation of circuit 218 is also a function of other input signals which change the values on which a comparator decision is made to produce an output signal on either of lines 222 or 224. One of the input signals is provided by a sensitivity adjusting circuit 242 which changes the magnitude of the change in the output on line 220 from the feedback circuit 200 which results in an output from the circuit 218. Stated in other words, the size of the window is changed depending upon whether there are changes occurring in the signals produced by the sensors. If there is a change in the signal levels from either the wand sensor or the hitch angle sensor, the window is increased, so that corrective action is started by virtue of the feedback output signal on line 220, but as the correction occurs, the increased window size results in the corrective output signal on line 222 or 224 being terminated sooner, i.e., before it reaches the center position, so that the momentum of the system will bring it toward center and it will more accurately stop at the desired center position without further correction. Were the smaller window still employed, the circuit 218 would not terminate the output signal on line 222 or 224 until the smaller window value was reached, and the momentum of the system would carry it past center, requiring another corrective action in the opposite direction to reach the center position.
It should be appreciated that the sensor output signals result in the production of the output signal on line 220 from the feedback circuit 200 while the smaller window is employed and the enlargement of the window does not occur until the corrective action is triggered by circuit 218. However, once corrective action has begun, a crank arm movement detection circuitry 244 is provided for detecting a change in the hitch angle sensor signal value, and that circuit produces a signal on line 246 that is applied to the sensitivity adjusting circuit 242 which has an output on line 248 which changes the window size.
To detect movement of the crank arm mechanism, the hitch angle sensor signal on line 212 is applied to one input of each of two comparators 250 and 252, with one being applied to the positive input and the other to the negative input. The other input of each of the comparators is provided by the same signal, but delayed by a resistor capacitor combination as shown. The effect of the delay is that any change in the signal level is detected by one of the two comparators 250 or 252, with comparator 250 detecting a rise in the signal level and comparator 252 detecting a falling signal level. The outputs of both comparators 250 and 252 are ORed together via diodes 254 and 256, so that a high level is applied to line 246 if either is triggered.
The sensitivity adjusting circuit 242 comprises a potentiometer 168 together with resistor 260, resistor 262 and capacitor 264. If a high level signal is applied to line 246, a high level signal is provided on line 248 which changes the window size.
Another input that has the capability of changing the decision level of the circuit 218 is a center adjusting circuit, indicated generally at 266. It comprises a potentiometer 166 in combination with resistors 270 and 272 and capacitor 274. This circuit enables the center Value to be adjusted by the operator during operation. The preferred value for the output of this circuit is approximately 4 vdc and this is applied to the circuit 218 via line 276.
The circuit 218 also has an output line 278 which provides a high level signal when either of outputs 222 or 224 are off. Line 278 is connected to a switch 174, which is a three position switch that controls the operation of the buzzer. The upper position is used during calibration of the guidance control system, the lower position is used during running of the system, and a middle position (not specifically shown) is off. During calibration of the system, when the operator is centering the wand sensor and crank arm mechanism, the switch 174 is placed in the upper position, and adjustment of the positioning mechanisms of the sensor can be made, which will result in the buzzer being activated when the sensors are centered. The switch 174 is connected by line 282 to a transistor 284 which activates the buzzer.
In accordance with another aspect of the present invention, the system includes a limit detection circuit which detects whether either the wand as well as the crank arm mechanism has reached nearly to their full extent of its range of movement in either direction. When this has occurred, it is an indication that something is amiss in the operation of the system, particularly if it is continuing. To this end, the hitch angle sensor signal on line 212 is applied to one input of each of comparators 286 and 288, while the wand sensing signal on line 202 is applied to one input of each of comparators 290 and 292. A voltage divider comprises of resistors 294 and 296 provide a low voltage of approximately 2 vdc to comparator 290 and 286, while another voltage divider comprised of resistors 298 and 300 provide a high voltage of approximately 6 vdc to comparators 292 and 288. Thus, when the voltage level from either of these signals drops below 2 vdc or exceeds 6 vdc, at least one of these comparators switches to provide a low signal on line 302, indicating that either the wand or the crank arm mechanism has moved to a position that is beyond the normal operating position, which if sustained, means that the system may not be operating properly.
During normal operation the switch 174 is placed in the lower position, which places a time delay circuit in operation. This circuit is effect to delay the activation of the buzzer for a period of approximately 3 to 5 seconds after initially receiving a signal from the limit detection circuitry on line 302 which indicates that either or both of the wand and crank arms have traveled the full extent of their range of movement in either direction. However, during the operation by an operator, the tractor will reach the end of a row and the tractor must turn to go down other rows. During such turning, the implement will be lifted out of the ground and the wands will then be in the air and will typically move back and forth and travel to the limits of its range of movement. Since the operator knows what is occurring at such time, it may be annoying for the operator to hear the buzzer sound, and it is for this reason, among others, that the time delay circuit is provided.
The true or active signal on line 302 is a low level and it is applied to the negative input of a comparator 304, the other input is provided by a voltage from a voltage divider comprised of resistors 306 and 308. When the low level signal appears on line 302, a high output is produced by the comparator 304 on line 310 which is connected to resistor 312 and to a diode 314, which are connected in parallel to a line 316. Line 316 is connected to ground through capacitor 318 and to the positive input of a comparator 320, the other input of which is supplied by the voltage divider connected to comparator 304. Comparator 320 provides a high level signal on line 322 which is connected to the transistor 284 through a resistor 324, line 326, switch 174 and line 282, and activates the buzzer. The capacitor 318 takes approximately 3 to 5 seconds to charge to a level which switches comparator 320, which is the desired delay. If the signal on line 302 again goes high, indicating that both sensors are with the normal operating limits, comparator 304 will provide a low output on line 310 and the capacitor 318 will be quickly discharged, switching comparator 320 and deactivating the buzzer.
When the switch 176 is placed in either the up or down position, transistors 206 and 204 are switched off, which precludes any output being generated from the feedback circuit 200 resulting from the wand movement, which would occur, for example, if a driver were moving the tractor from one field to another or the like, during which time the implement is raised, and the wands would quite likely be moving around. Obviously, it would not be desirable for the guidance system to be activating the hydraulic cylinders at such time, for it would have no purpose.
With the wand sensor deactivated, the output from the feedback circuit 200 is totally comprised of the voltage from the hitch angle sensor on line 212 through resistor 214. This has the effect of centering the crank arm mechanism with the wands in any position which is desirable when the implement is to be lifted. If it were not centered, some implements may contact the rear wheels of the tractor when they are in their fully elevated positions.
Turning now to the alternative embodiment for a pull hitch application of the guidance system of the present invention, and referring to FIGS. 11, 12 and 13, a hitch mechanism, indicated generally at 350, is adapted to be attached to an implement that is to be pulled by a tractor and the implement has a pull hitch 352 that is attached to a single point hitch of the tractor.
The implement has a transverse main tool bar 354 and the hitch mechanism 350 is attached between the pull hitch 352 and the tool bar 354. The pull hitch 352 has an end plate 356 that abuts an end plate 358 of the hitch mechanism 350 and is bolted thereto by bolts 360. Similarly, the opposite end of the hitch mechanism 350 has an end portion 362 that is attached to the tool bar 354 by a number of U-bolts 364 and associated nuts 366.
The end portion 362 is part of a generally U-shaped frame having upper and lower leg portions 368 and 370 between which a hollow cylindrical sleeve 372 is preferably welded. A short hollow cylindrical boss 373 is welded to the upper side of the leg portion 368 and to the lower side of the leg portion 370 and a shaft 374 extends through the bosses 373 and the sleeve 374 as well as through apertures in upper and lower plates 376, 378 so that rotation of the leg portions 368, 370 relative to the plates 376, 378 can occur. A pin 379 extends through suitable apertures in the upper boss and the shaft 374 to hold the shaft in place. The structure therefore permits changing of the angular relation of the tool bar 354 relative to the pull hitch 352, and enables the guidance system to achieve centering in the same manner as has been described with respect to the preferred embodiment.
To control the angular relation of the tool bar 354 and the pull hitch 352, a pair of hydraulic cylinders 382, 384 are provided and they are attached by pins 386 that extend between ears 388 that are welded to the end portion 362 and end plate 358 as illustrated. The hydraulic system is preferably powered by the hydraulic system of the tractor via lines (not shown) which connect to a 4-way valve 392 mounted on the upper plate 376. Hydraulic lines 394 extend from the valve 392 through apertures 396 in the upper plate 376 to T-connectors (not shown). Each T-connector connects to the rod end of one cylinder and the butt end of the other so that pressure in one line will cause the piston of one cylinder to extend and the other to retract.
In accordance with an important aspect of this embodiment, the structure 350 is designed to be compact in size, it preferably having a width of approximately 14 inches and a length of approximately 20 inches. The hydraulic cylinders are located substantially within the confines of the plates 376 and 378 and are therefore protected by the plates.
To sense the angular position of the tool bar 354 relative to the pull hitch 352, a hitch angle sensor is provided and is of the same construction as that illustrated and described in FIGS. 2, 7 and 8, with the components shown in FIG. 11 and 13 having the same identifying numbers, but with a prime (') designation. As shown the housing 64' is attached to the bushing assembly and is stationary. The arm 62' is attached to the plate 376 and therefore rotates relative to the housing when the pull hitch angular position changes with respect to the tool bar 354. As shown in FIG. 12, a wand sensor structure 84' is attached to the tool bar by U-bolts 398.
While the preferred embodiment and the above described alternative embodiment preferably employ the Hall effect sensors in combination with magnets, it is also contemplated that other sensors could be used in connection with the structure of sensor supports shown in FIGS. 4, 7, 8, 11, 12 and 13. In this regard, a linear voltage differential transducer arrangement in combination with an iron slug could be substituted for the Hall effect sensor-magnet combination. Such an arrangement would not have some of the advantages of the Hall effect sensor arrangement, and is believed to be more costly. While the linear voltage differential transducer arrangement may be somewhat more accurate, the degree of accuracy over the Hall effect sensor arrangement is believed to be unnecessary, and does not justify the increased costs.
From the foregoing description, it should be understood that an improved guidance control system for farm tractors and the like has been shown and described which has many superior attributes and advantages. The system has operational capabilities that contribute to its ease of operation, flexibility of adjustment and reliability.
While various embodiments of the present invention have been shown and described, it should be understood that various alternatives, substitutions and equivalents can be used, and the present invention should only be limited by the claims and equivalents thereof.
Various features of the present invention are set forth in the following claims.
|Cited Patent
|Filing date
|Publication date
|Oct 9, 1967
|May 19, 1970
|Eversman Mfg Co
|Photoelectrically controlled plant thinners
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|Dec 4, 1973
|Allied Farm Equipment Inc
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|Jun 15, 1976
|Mar 7, 1978
|Sperry Rand Corporation
|Guidance assist system for agricultural machines
|Jun 29, 1979
|May 12, 1981
|Massey-Ferguson Inc.
|Draft sensing apparatus wherein effect of vertical deflection reduced to insignificant levels compared to horizontal deflection
|Jun 21, 1982
|Aug 7, 1984
|Deere & Company
|Implement with laterally movable frame structure
|Oct 14, 1983
|Aug 26, 1986
|Beck Charles L
|Agricultural apparatus with an automatic positioning mechanism and method
|Apr 24, 1985
|Feb 3, 1987
|Schmidt Eugene H
|Row following guidance device for a tractor-drawn row crop implement
|Feb 10, 1987
|Mar 29, 1988
|Howell Jr Mark E
|Electronic row width monitor
|Sep 11, 1987
|May 30, 1989
|Sentop Ltd.
|Positioning system particularly useful for positioning agricultural implements
|Oct 3, 1988
|May 8, 1990
|Barsby James B
|Earth mover blade stabilizing apparatus
|Sep 6, 1989
|May 8, 1990
|Kinze Manufacturing, Inc.
|Hinge for vertically folding wing section of agricultural implement
|May 10, 1988
|Jun 5, 1990
|Fleischer Manufacturing, Inc.
|Guidance control apparatus for agricultural implement
|Jun 4, 1990
|Jun 25, 1991
|New Tek Manufacturing, Inc.
|Row following drawn implement with internal steering arm
|May 3, 1990
|Jul 16, 1991
|Fleischer Manufacturing, Inc.
|Guidance control apparatus for agricultural implement
|May 10, 1990
|Jul 16, 1991
|Clemens Und Co. Kommanditgesellschaft
|Crop-sensing cultivator
|Aug 23, 1990
|Aug 20, 1991
|Sukup Manufacturing Company
|Counterbalanced sensing wand assembly
|Fleischer Manufacturing, "Buffalo Scout" Brochures Dec. 1988.
|Fleischer Manufacturing, Buffalo Scout Brochures Dec. 1988.
|HR Manufacturing, "Navigator" Guidance System Brochure, Jun. 1989.
|HR Manufacturing, Navigator Guidance System Brochure, Jun. 1989.
|Lincoln Creek Manufacturing, "The Guide Quick Hitch" Brochure, Sep. 1981.
|Lincoln Creek Manufacturing, The Guide Quick Hitch Brochure, Sep. 1981.
|Orthman Product Catalog, Sep. 1988.
|Orthman, "MP III Tracker" Brochure, Sep. 1989.
|Orthman, MP III Tracker Brochure, Sep. 1989.
|Sakup, "Autoguide" Guidance System brochure, Dec. 1989.
|Sakup, Autoguide Guidance System brochure, Dec. 1989.
|Sunco, "Acura Trak" brochure, Feb. 1989.
|Sunco, Acura Trak brochure, Feb. 1989.
|Citing Patent
|Filing date
|Publication date
|Jul 28, 1992
|Aug 31, 1993
|A.I.L., Inc.
|Guidance control system for farm tractor/implement combination having improved turnaround capability
|Sep 12, 1994
|Apr 30, 1996
|Orthman Manufacturing, Inc.
|Quick hitch guidance device
|Mar 9, 1995
|Dec 10, 1996
|A.I.L., Inc.
|Guidance system having adjustable width capability
|Apr 29, 1996
|Sep 9, 1997
|Orthman Manufacturing, Inc.
|Quick hitch guidance device
|Aug 28, 1996
|Aug 24, 1999
|Gar-Bar Corporation
|Wand-axle zero set
|May 6, 1998
|Nov 30, 1999
|Agro-Mack Enterprises Ltd.
|Proximity detector for ground-based implements
|Aug 9, 1996
|Mar 28, 2000
|Case Corporation
|Hitch initialization control system
|Dec 16, 1999
|Mar 20, 2001
|Caterpillar Inc.
|Method and apparatus for monitoring the position of a machine
|Sep 30, 1999
|Apr 3, 2001
|Caterpillar Inc.
|Apparatus and method for controlling the position of an arm on a hitch
|Sep 30, 1999
|Jun 26, 2001
|Caterpillar Inc.
|Method and apparatus for controlling a hitch
|Jan 23, 2001
|Sep 4, 2001
|Caterpillar Inc.
|Apparatus and method for controlling the position of an arm on a hitch
|Sep 30, 1999
|Aug 27, 2002
|Agco Corporation
|Method and apparatus for controlling an implement
|Jan 26, 2004
|Nov 29, 2005
|Kriegshauser Duane D
|Landscape and agricultural sprayer foam marking attachment
|Apr 7, 2006
|Jun 3, 2008
|Trimble Navigation Limited
|Method and apparatus for steering a farm implement to a path
|Apr 21, 2005
|Feb 17, 2009
|A.I.L., Inc.
|GPS controlled guidance system for farm tractor/implement combination
|Oct 31, 2007
|Nov 24, 2009
|A.I.L., Inc.
|GPS controlled guidance system for farm tractor/implement combination
|Nov 30, 2010
|Trimble Navigation Limited
|Farm apparatus having implement sidehill drift compensation
|Jun 9, 2005
|Dec 28, 2010
|Trimble Navigation Limited
|System for guiding a farm implement between swaths
|Nov 15, 2010
|Jan 22, 2013
|Trimble Navigation Limited
|Calibrated farming system
|Jul 6, 2010
|Jul 16, 2013
|Trimble Navigation Limited
|Farm sidehill compensation
|Oct 14, 2011
|Feb 3, 2015
|Intelligent Agricultural Solutions, Llc
|Harvester with automatic depth and level control
|Feb 2, 2015
|May 31, 2016
|Amity Technology, Llc
|Harvester with automatic depth and level control
|Mar 20, 2014
|Jul 5, 2016
|Bee Robotics Corporation
|Aerial farm robot system for crop dusting, planting, fertilizing and other field jobs
|Apr 21, 2005
|Oct 26, 2006
|A.I.L., Inc.
|GPS controlled guidance system for farm tractor/implement combination
|Jun 9, 2005
|Dec 14, 2006
|Lange Arthur F
|System for guiding a farm implement between swaths
|Oct 31, 2007
|Mar 13, 2008
|Unruh Marlin W
|GPS controlled guidance system for farm tractor/implement combination
|Apr 19, 2012
|Amity Technology, Llc
|Harvester With Automatic Depth and Level Control
|U.S. Classification
|172/6, 701/50, 180/401, 280/776
|International Classification
|Cooperative Classification
|European Classification
|Jun 10, 1991
Owner name: A.I.L., INC., A CORPORATION OF NE, NEBRASKA
Free format text: ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST.;ASSIGNORS:NIKKEL, LEE F.;SCHMIDT, EUGENE H.;UNRUH, MARLIN W.;REEL/FRAME:005750/0580
Effective date: 19910528
|Nov 30, 1993
|Certificate of correction
|Jun 17, 1996
|Fee payment
Year of fee payment: 4
|Jun 15, 2000
|Fee payment
Year of fee payment: 8
|Jun 15, 2004
|Fee payment
Year of fee payment: 12


text:
Colonial Furniture
Colonial Furniture
Welcome to the Colonial Furniture Collection at NOVICA. Please enjoy discovering our unique colonial furniture below:
Welcome to the Colonial Furniture Collection at NOVICA. Please enjoy discovering our unique colonial furniture below:
By Lisa
This is a beautiful rack. I shop a lot online and often get catalogs in the mail. It's such a pretty way to store them along with other reading material. I usually keep it in one place, though the handle makes it easy to move. I also have one by my piano holding sheet music. I highly recommend this piece.
By Adelaide
We have 3 of these in our living room. They are beautiful and functional - Great storage, and we use them together as a coffee table. Thank you Wilfredo Rios, for creating furniture that is useful and artwork at the same time.
"With my older brother's generous and providential offer, I learned the wondrous art of leather work – a trade that continues to fascinate me and consume most of my days."
Mexican Hardwood Colonial Wall Shelf (Medium), "Colonial Grace"
Handcrafted Colonial Leather Wood Accent Trunk and Storage, "Tradition"
Handcrafted Traditional Leather Wood End Table, "Viceroy"
Fair Trade Cedar Wood Leather Brown Stool, "Colonial Guard"


text:
Immy Padded Nursing Camisole
by Spring Maternity
(Item #1516901)
Pink Stripe
This item is not available for sale
This stripes nursing camisole is so soft and sweet. Easy drop open nursing clip access. A perfect piece to pair with a cardigan or wear alone. Features adjustable straps at back.
"It is so refreshing to have stylish nursing clothes! I'm so tired of the 2 color choices, and 1 style of nursing tops at the regular stores I've been to. Love my new tops from Figure 8!"
Margaret in Kalamazoo, MI


text:
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Hello Michelle Phy,
You could change your name where Karin explains.
Take care,
Natalie aka NAPS 2 B Fit.
Hello Steph Evans,
You could check the schools, libraries, YMCA, churches, etc., who may have programs. Another option would be to contact personal ...
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Upper Black Eddy, PA 18972
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Hello Angie Lee,
I need an hour to properly warm up, cool down and instruct proper form with regressions/progressions. Maybe you could let the new students know that there will be catch your breath breaks and everyone works at their own level.
Congratulations and enjoy the classes.
Take care,
Hello Laura Clary,
Woowee, Harris gives you many links to check; thank you, Harris.
Please remember to start with and keep proper form before adding resistance or increasing resistance. If you feel any pain, back off and try again later. Pain is different from how a working muscle feels, what peop...
Hello Sri Murthy,
I worked another job while doing personal training on the side. You may need to start in a gym you do not prefer just to get things started. You will always be able to move forward later if you work hard.
Do your best at all times and the rest should fall into place. It is hard,...
Hello Jayne Powers,
This is when being professional will pay off; clients will respect you more. Try to explain that your business is not able to afford certain things (your choices) and that you spend many hours of your unpaid time working for them. Now, put yourself in the client's shoes, would y...
Hello Christine Lopez,
Sorry, I would say no to this request.
Take care,
Natalie aka NAPS 2 B Fit.
Hello Nikki Rudolph,
I would have a lawyer look at what I have to ensure it is compliant with area laws. You may want to add a section for the child so the parents are able to continue with their grown baby (toddler).
Take care,
Natalie aka NAPS 2 B Fit.
Hello Lisa Deere,
The one that is accepted by your future employer and/or NCCA accredited. Here is the link to check out some options:
Take care,
Natalie aka NAPS 2 B Fit.
Hello Maru Lacayo,
Giving out detailed nutrition advice is out of a trainer's scope of practice, anyway; so, that may save you... I do not see if you are trained to do so. Saying to eat a balanced diet which includes protein, leaves the protein choices up to the client.
Take care,
Natalie aka NAP...
Hello Michele Mariscal,
The simplest requires no app at all...mindful breathing every time we think of it, or remember to: breathing deeply and slowly, anywhere, anytime, is so calming.
Take care,
Natalie aka NAPS 2 B Fit.
Hello Michelle Guerrero,
Sometimes that happens... we have no control over our schedule and responsibilities. This is when we need to think outside the box and take care of the individual. The short answer is absolutely yes, it is fine to eat late. You do not want to know how late my meals are at t...
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text:
Minor lines: Trout, Richards, Bourjos
Notes from the Angels' system this long weekend:
• Cedar Rapids: Mike Trout had two hits in all four games over the weekend, going 8 for 17 with a walk, two doubles and three steals as he bats .362/.442/.546. He now leads the Midwest League in OBP, along with steals and runs scored. Catcher Carlos Ramirez' discouraging season continues, as he goes 0 for 5 on the weekend and drops to .168 on the year. Garrett Richards struck out 11 and walked none in six shutout innings Monday. Tyler Skaggs struck out three, walked one and allowed two runs in five innings Saturday.
• Rancho Cucamonga: Tyler Chatwood allowed one run in five innings to get the win Monday, but walked seven and struck out one as the Quakes were outwalked 12-0 but won. Orangel Arenas struggled in his first start at High-A, allowing six runs in four innings Sunday, striking out one and walking four. Patrick Corbin was better in his first Rancho start, allowing four runs (two earned), walking two and striking out four in 5 2/3 innings Friday. Luis Jimenez homered in his first game after being promoted from Cedar Rapids. Alexi Amarista is on another tear, going 7 for 13 with two walks to lift his line to .358/.400/.510.
• Arkansas: Outfielder Roberto Lopez made his Arkansas debut and homered on Sunday, then went 0 for 4 Monday. First baseman Efren Navarro doubled and homered twice on the weekend. Jordan Walden had two scoreless outings in relief and has allowed a run in just one of his past 10.
• Salt Lake: Peter Bourjos in back in the leadoff spot and went 8 for 17 with a home run on the weekend. Mark Trumbo on Monday hit his 12th home run and is one off the PCL lead, as he bats .277/.320/.529. Paul McAnulty was promoted to Salt Lake and went 4 for 9 with a walk in his first two games. Hank Conger has seven walks in his last five games. Will Smith (13 hits, 8 runs in 4 1/3) and Trevor Reckling (six walks, four runs in 4 1/3) both had poor starts. Michael Kohn allowed his first run in Triple-A, but also struck out five in three innings over three outings, and now has a 1.80 ERA with six Ks and one walk in five innings.
Other minor league news:
- Brandon Wood starts rehab assignment in Salt Lake
- Ryan Ghan's Angels A-Ball Report
- Stephen C. Smith's Checkpoint: Salt Lake
- Irvine native Eric Oliver was promoted to Rancho
- Kevin Goldstein tweets: "Talking w/ a scout who wonders if#Angels OF Mike Trout is the best position prospect in ALL OF BASEBALL."
- Trout is also in Goldstein's Monday 10-pack at Baseball Prospectus: "There are no weaknesses in his game. He's hitting, showing surprising power that has some projecting 20-30 home runs annually down the road, he's drawing plenty of walks, has a reasonable strikeout rate, and has 25 stolen bases in 29 attempts. If you want to nitpick, his arm is average, but everything else about this guy looks like it will be star level, and he might be the steal of the 2009 draft. "
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- I'm done, close this
Enter Our Ultimate Summer Tech Giveaway!
That's right - we are giving away a Summer Tech Package that includes a high-tech Fuego Element grill, Monster Superstar Backfloat waterproof speaker, and a mobile charging bank from iFrogz! Head on over to our giveaway page in order to enter. Good luck!
Wednesday December 19, 2007 4:58 pm
sQuba Goes From Land to Sea
Posted by Sheila Franklin Categories: Design, Transportation
There is nothing like spending an afternoon at the beach and then getting inro your car to drive into the ocean. Designed after the Lotus Esprit from the movie "The Spy Who Loved Me," the sQuba can do that in a depth of up to 33 feet. Rinspeed's Frank Rinderknecht is excited that he finally made his dream a reality. The vehicle features an electric motor for rear wheel drive and 2 propellers in the stern for when it is in the water with zero polluting emissions. Carbon Nano Tubes supply air inside in a self-contained system. The sQuba will make its debut at the Geneva Motor Show this March, but unfortunately it will not become available to the rest of us for quite some time.
Read More | Rinspeed
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135i $25,200
Used 2014 Lexus ES 350
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72,236 miles
Sponsored Woody Anderson Ford 855-544-6185 2500 Jordan Ln NW
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Used 2015 Jaguar XF Premium 27 photos 1 video
- Exterior: Blue
- Interior: Gray
- Distance: 7 miles away
- Trans.: 8 Speed Shiftable...
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- Doors: Four Door Sedan
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Used 1999 Jaguar XK8 9 photos
- Exterior: White
- Interior: Tan
- Distance: 7 miles away
- Trans.: Automatic
- Engine: 8 Cylinder
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Used 2000 Jaguar S-TYPE 4.0 23 photos
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My husband and I are in our 30's and have US driver's licenses. Do we need an international license too if we want to rent a car in Spain? I checked out skycars.com and if I understood it correctly, we have to have once. Do all rental places require one?
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Do you need an international driver's license for rental car in spain?
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Lots of different opinions on this topic!
I have rented cars in Spain (and France & Italy) many times and have NEVER been asked for one. However, last time, the rental agency agreement said I needed one, so I renewed mine. Once again, I was not asked for it at the rental agency.
Personally, given that it only costs a few $$ and takes a few minutes to do, why not do it? While the agencies might not require it, if you are in an accident it might make things easier.
Report Abuse
First of all - it is not an international driver's license. it is an international driver's permit. It does not allow you to drive anywhere - it is merely a translation of your license. Few if any rental agencies ask to see one. The only time you need it is if you are stopped by local police.
An IDP is required in some countries (such as Italy). I can't tell you for sure if it is required in Spain - but for only $10 I personally would get one. Again - you will not need it to rent a car - but it sure would come in handy if you have a fender bender in some tiny Spanish village.
Cheap insurance IMHO . . . .
Report Abuse
It's required to legally drive in Spain as checking with the AAA will confirm.
Just because a hire company doesn't ask for one doesn't mean the police won't.
Report Abuse
Most rental agents in Spain and just about every other country on the planet will rent you a car without one, but if you get in an accident I pity you if you don't have it on you. Spend the $15 at your local AAA office and put that worry to rest.
Report Abuse
Second the above, and get an official IDP at the AAA. Don't waste your money on those overpriced things on the internet.
Report Abuse
Hi CD,
See www.aaasouth.com/travel_drivers.asp#idp
for info on obtaining an IDP.
If you have a digital camera and a printer, you can make your own photos.
Report Abuse
Thanks so much for all your help. I'm going to get one.
Report Abuse
An interesting thing about the International License is that it expires after one year. I have never been able to understand why if it's purpose is just to provide a translation of your ID why it should expire in 1 year. The language will still be the same in a year. I live in France 6 months each year and it is not required here.
Larry J
Report Abuse
LarryJ--I was told that it was one of the compromises in the International agreement that created the IDP. That some countries were concerned that the "foreign" license would expire or be cancelled, but the person would still have an IDP if valid for longer than a year, and the home country police wouldn't be able to tell that the individual did not actually have a valid license.
So, to reduce this possibility, they made it valid for only one year.
Report Abuse
That makes no sense. If that was their concern they would need only to require you to show both an IDP and your home driver's license. You need not understand English to check the dates of validity on a driver's license and if you had lost your license due to DUI or whatever you would not be able to produce a license. The French seem to be smart enough to grasp this concept.
Larry J
Report Abuse
LarryJ--apparently some countries were concerned that their police would not be able to identify/compare to the regular license.
Hey, I didn't create the policy, I'm just reporting. Maybe not everyone in every country in the world has as much confidence in the abilities of their police forces as do the French.
Report Abuse
In my other life, I worked for a rental company. We were required to ask for an international driver's permit but only really asked for one if the driver's license was in a foreign language. The permit is just that, a permit. But as previously posted, its a good idea to have one--you just don't want to run into trouble. Make sure you still have your local driver's license with you.
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text:
Homewood Suites by Hilton Houston-Westchase
During renovations, the hotel will make every effort to minimize noise and disturbance.
- Free hot/cold buffet breakfast, free WiFi, and free parking
Main amenities
- 96 smoke-free guestrooms
- Indoor pool
- Outdoor tennis court
- Business center
- 24-hour front desk
- Air conditioning
- Daily housekeeping
- Garden
- Front desk safe
- Laundry service
- Meeting room
- Concierge services
For families
- Free cribs/infant beds
- Sofa bed
- Kitchen
- Cookware, dishware, and utensils
- Stovetop
- Microwave
What's around
- In Westchase
- Halliburton Headquarters (2.2 mi / 3.5 km)
- Town and Country Village (2.8 mi / 4.5 km)
- The Galleria (8.5 mi / 13.7 km)
- Sharpstown Golf Course (4.2 mi / 6.7 km)
- Westwood Golf Club (4.7 mi / 7.6 km)
Homewood Suites by Hilton Houston-Westchase
Hotel Info: 800 1205131from S$119
- Suite, 1 King Bed, Non Smoking, Fireplace
- Accessible Ste 1 King No Smkg
- One Bedroom Suite, One King Bed, Smoking
- Two Bedroom Suite, Non-Smoking, with Fireplace
- One Qn Acc Bathtub Suite Nsmk
- Room, Accessible, Non Smoking
- One Queen Bed, Non-Smoking, Accessible
- One Bedroom Suite, One King Bed, Non-Smoking
Recommended hotels
At a glance
Key facts
Hotel size
- This hotel has 96 rooms
- This hotel is arranged over 3 floors
- Check-in time 3 PM-6 AM
- Check-out time is Noon
- Express check-out
Required at check in
- Credit card deposit required
- Government-issued photo ID required
Travelling with others
- Pets allowed *
- Up to 25 lb
- Free WiFi in public areas
- Free WiFi in rooms
- Free self parking
Other information
- Smoke-free property
Nearby Three Star Houston hotels
In the hotel
- Free hot/cold buffet breakfast daily
- Free reception
- Barbeque grills
- Indoor pool
- Fitness facilities
- Outdoor tennis court
- Spa tub
- Basketball on site
- Tennis on site
- Business center
- Conference space size (feet) - 357
- Conference space size (meters) - 32
- One meeting room
- 24-hour front desk
- Concierge services
- Dry cleaning/laundry service
- Laundry facilities
- Free newspapers in lobby
- Luggage storage
- Number of buildings/towers - 1
- Safe-deposit box at front desk
- Garden
- Picnic area
- Accessible bathroom
- In-room accessibility
- Roll-in shower
In the room
- Air conditioning
- Minibar
- Coffee/tea maker
- Iron/ironing board
- Sofa bed
- Sofa bed size double
- Premium bedding
- Separate dining area
- Separate living room
- Separate sitting area
- Private bathroom
- Shower/tub combination
- Free toiletries
- Flat-screen TV
- Premium TV channels
- Desk
- Free newspaper
- Free WiFi
- Free local calls
- Refrigerator
- Microwave
- Kitchen
- Stovetop
- Cookware, dishware, and utensils
- Dishwasher
- Daily housekeeping
- In-room safe
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Nearby hotels
Homewood Suites by Hilton Houston-Westchase's small print
Also known as
- Homewood Suites Hilton Hotel Houston-Westchase
- Homewood Suites Hilton Houston-Westchase
- Homewood Suites Houston-Westchase
- Homewood Suites Hilton Houston-Westchase Hotel
Mandatory fees
Pet deposit: USD 125.00 per stay
Optional extras
Pets are allowed for an extra charge of USD 125 per accommodation, per stay
We have included all charges provided to us by this hotel. However, charges can vary, for example, based on length of stay or the room you book.
Recent reviews
Excellent 4.5 /5 from 83 reviews
Was very comfortable hotel and super friendly staff who really made you feel like it was a home-away-from-home. Bed was very comfortable, good water pressure, gym was small but had few free weights two running and one eliptical, indoor pool looked nice and was heated but I didnt use it. Something that was not mentioned when I booked was they provide a full breakfast every morning and a revolving dinner menu every evening Mon-Thur, inclusive with every room rate. Laundry was returned same day by default. Overall a very comfy hotel & close to my work so was super convenient and well located to motorways and Westheimer with a million different restaurants.
We were there because my dad was in the hospital so it was a nice haven after a long day at the hospital. All is fine but was stressful and nice to have a little home to return to and not have to worry about coffee, breakfast, printing boarding passes, etc.
The hotel was not worth what we paid for it. The swimming pool was nasty. It had trash in it and lots of hair. The breakfast was awful. We put in we were looking for a hotel near Sugarland, Tx and we were over 30 miles from there. My daughters blanket felt like rubber foam. It was not good.
The staff was excellent. They went out of their way to be helpful. They were very friendly. The breakfasts were delicious and varied. And hooray for the cookies!
I enjoyed it so much! Will definitely be back!
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The question isn't if there will soon be a major security breach involving patient records, it's when.
A new survey of 65 health care organizations, conducted by the Ponemon Institute and commissioned by ID Experts, a provider of data security software, finds that not only are breaches continuing to happen on a regular basis, they are costing these organizations on average $2 million each over a two-year period.
That may sound like a big number, but it's actually relatively small given the number of breaches reported. That suggests that it's only a matter of time before a major breach results in millions of dollars in lost income and revenue for health care organizations.
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Related Topics : Unisys, Stimulus Package, Security Breaches, Symantec, Electronic Surveillance
Software-defined security is poised to eliminate the need for proprietary appliances, a particular bonus for the often weak security link created by branch offices. ... More >>
Motivations behind the attacks ranged by industry and, predictably, not a single sector was left untouched by the unscrupulous actors. ... More >>
Due to a variety of natural and manmade disasters – including cyber attacks – organizations are placing greater emphasis on DR initiatives. ... More >>


text:
Ducks, Hurricanes to cap unusual double-header
The Ducks and Carolina Hurricanes are scheduled to face off Sunday night at the RBC Center in Raleigh, N.C., only about three hours after the completion of a college basketball game.
North Carolina State, which shares the arena with the Hurricanes, and North Carolina-Greensboro tip off at 2 p.m. Eastern time, five hours before the Ducks-Hurricanes game.
The RBC Center staff is used to such quick changes, with the arena generally hosting basketball-hockey double-headers a few times each season.
Still, the ice conditions don't figure to be optimum -- which wouldn't make the building any different than many around the NHL.
"As the game goes on, it will probably get better and better," said defenseman Bret Hedican, who is in his first season with the Ducks after having spent six seasons with Carolina.
"They cool the building down quickly," Hedican said. "They have de-humidifiers going a lot in the building, so the ice is actually usually pretty good."
Neither team was able to hold a morning skate at the RBC Center because of the basketball game. The Ducks skated at the Hurricanes' practice facility, the Rec Zone in Raleigh.
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By James J. Green |
September 9, 2011
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SHS Hotel Papageno, Vienna
- Free WiFi
Main amenities
- 51 smoke-free guestrooms
- Breakfast available
- Airport shuttle
- 24-hour front desk
- Library
- Computer station
- Multilingual staff
- Free newspapers in the lobby
- Luggage storage
- Tour/ticket assistance
- TV in a common area
What's around
- In Wieden
- Vienna State Opera (0.6 mi / 0.9 km)
- Secession Building (0.4 mi / 0.7 km)
- Albertina (0.7 mi / 1.1 km)
- Austrian National Library (0.8 mi / 1.4 km)
- Museum of Natural History (0.9 mi / 1.4 km)
For families
- Free toiletries
- Hair dryer
- Elevator/lift
- Satellite TV service
SHS Hotel Papageno, Vienna
Hotel Info: 01 65 69 441from €47
- Comfort Single Room
- Double Room
- Single Room
- Superior Double Room
- Deluxe Double Room
- Classic Double Room
- Comfort Double Room
- Junior Suite
- Economy Single Room
Recommended hotels
At a glance
Key facts
Hotel size
- This hotel has 51 rooms
- This hotel is arranged over 6 floors
- Check-in time 2 PM-Midnight
- Check-out time is Noon
Required at check in
- Credit card or cash deposit required
- Government-issued photo ID required
Travelling with others
- No cribs (infant beds)
- Pets allowed *
- Free WiFi in public areas
- Free WiFi in rooms
- Train station pickup *
- No parking
Other information
- Smoke-free property
Nearby Three Star Vienna hotels
In the hotel
- Breakfast (surcharge)
- Golfing nearby
- Computer station
- 24-hour front desk
- Tours/ticket assistance
- Free newspapers in lobby
- Luggage storage
- Multilingual staff
- Number of buildings/towers - 1
- Year Built 1912
- Elevator/lift
- Library
- Television in common areas
In the room
- Hypo-allergenic bedding available
- Free toiletries
- Hair dryer
- Satellite TV channels
- Free WiFi
- Phone
Top Vienna hotels
Recently reviewed hotels in Vienna
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"Good hotel and good value. food and drink expensive. The only serious negative was no in-room tea/coffee making facilities, surely a must for any modern hotel of this type."May 9, 2016
Nearby hotels
SHS Hotel Papageno, Vienna's small print
Also known as
- Hotel Papageno
- Hotel Papageno Vienna
- Papageno Hotel
- Papageno Vienna
- SHS Hotel Papageno Vienna
- SHS Hotel Papageno
- SHS Papageno Vienna
- SHS Papageno
Optional extras
Breakfast costs between EUR 5,30 and EUR 11,50 per person (approximately)
Pets are allowed for an extra charge of EUR 9 per pet, per night
We have included all charges provided to us by this hotel. However, charges can vary, for example, based on length of stay or the room you book.
Recent reviews
Good 3.8 /5 from 213 reviews
Everything is good except for internet. The Signal is weak and keeps asking you to login almost every 2-3 minutes. The room size is quite big for double room, clean and very calm for relaxing. I enjoyed my stay and would book it again in the future.
Small and very old room, Lights are not working properly (even after reporting!), the smallest TV Screen ever seen since 1800...
Nice hotel but a little updating required. Excellent service and a great breakfast. Very handy for the metro.
A lovely little hotel, nice rooms, great breakfast, Friendly and helpful staff. Wifi ok. Will stay again!!
I stayed for a few days in connection with a meeting in Vienna. The hotel has a good atmosphere, young helpful staff, my room had a good size, huge bathroom and all very clean and in good conditions. No noise from the street, and bed was fine. Good restaurants in the neighbourhood so all in all a pleasant stay. Breakfast buffet was excellent. For what i paid I got good value.
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List all words ending with nonintoxicating
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