text:
OC3D Reviews ›› GPU & Displays
ZOTAC GTX 960 AMP! RushKit
GPU & Displays | 9th July 2015
Today we have a look at the Zotac GTX 960 AMP, a mid range Nvidia GPU with a rather Beefy factory overclock.
ASUS GTX 980Ti Strix Rushkit
GPU & Displays | 1st July 2015
With a all new cooling design and a Factory Overclock is over 200MHz above reference, the ASUS GTX 980Ti Strix is GPU which demands our attention. Let's have a look
Zotac GTX980 Ti Arctic Storm Review
GPU & Displays | 29th June 2015
Sometimes a graphics card appears with a cooling solution that really makes you sit up and take notice. The Arctic Storm is one such card. Read on...
OC3D News ›› GPU & Displays
MSI to release "budget" GTX 900 series models
Mark Campbell | 18th September 2014
It looks like MSI may be releasing budget friendly reference versions of the GTX 980 and GTX 970. A great option for watercoolers
Samsung is building a GPU
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It looks like Samsung has been building a GPU, but will they be able to compete with the likes of Intel and AMD?
GTX 980 and 970 Specs Rumored
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The GTX 900 series will be soon upon us and our friends at VideoCardz have just published what looks like the final Nvidia specs of the GTX 980 and 970. Lets have a look.
VESA Releases DisplayPort 1.3 Standard
Mark Campbell | 15th September 2014
The Video Electronics Standards Association, VESA, announced the release of the DisplayPort 1.3 standard, an update to the widely used DisplayPort 1.2a standard.
MSI GTX980Ti Gaming 6G Review
GPU & Displays | 26th June 2015
The MSI Gaming range nearly always delivers, and the GTX980Ti is fantastic. How do they pair up?
AMD R9 Fury X Review
GPU & Displays | 24th June 2015
The Fury X is finally upon us and we get a chance to see how the High Bandwidth Memory coupled to the latest Radeon GPU fares against the stiff competition.
Batman: Arkham Knight Framerate Unlock & Tweak Guide
GPU & Displays | 23rd June 2015
Batman: Arkham Knight is out today and here we will show you how to get past a few of the games issues with a few simple tweaks.
Zotac GTX 980Ti Arctic Storm RushKit
GPU & Displays | 18th June 2015
Today we have a first look at the Zotac GTX 980Ti Arctic Storm, an Air Cooled GPU which also contains a full cover water block.
MSI R9 390X Gaming 8G Review
GPU & Displays | 18th June 2015
The latest Radeon card has landed, and we've worked through the night to bring you the low-down. Just a re-brand or a refinement? Let's find out.
ASUS R9 380 Strix RushKit
GPU & Displays | 18th June 2015
Today we have a look at ASUS's R9 380 Strix, one of ASUS' first GPUs to be made by a fully automated production process.
Bethesda E3 Conference Roundup
GPU & Displays | 15th June 2015
Find out the latest, DOOM, Fallout 4, Dishonored 2, and Elder Scrolls news at our E3 Bethesda Roundup.
ASUS GTX970 Mini ITX Rushkit
GPU & Displays | 5th June 2015
We give the ASUS GTX 970 Mini It's time on the Rushkit Spotlight. Is it the Ideal Mini GPU?
Nvidia GTX980Ti Review
GPU & Displays | 31st May 2015
No sooner than we'd all got used to the outstanding GTX980 and the GTX980Ti is upon us. Does it do to the GTX980 what the GTX780Ti did to the GTX780?
KFA2 GTX 980 8PACK - RushKit
GPU & Displays | 29th May 2015
We give the GTX 980 8PACK the RUSHKIT treatment. This may be the fastest stock GTX 980 we have ever seen!
XFX R9 290X 8GB DD Review
GPU & Displays | 26th May 2015
Today we're taking a look at an 8GB variant of the R9 290X. Does the extra GDDR5 bring performance benefits?
ASUS Designo MX27AQ 1440 IPS Monitor Review
GPU & Displays | 15th May 2015
Today we're taking a look at the latest in ASUS range of monitors, a 1440 screen with no bezel and amazing sound quality.
GTA 5 AMD vs NVIDIA Performance Review
GPU & Displays | 15th April 2015
If you've been waiting for the latest instalment of Rockstars GTA franchise then you want to know how it will perform. So did we. We dug out our two ASUS Matrix cards and went to work.
Nvidia GTX Titan X 4K Gsync Review
GPU & Displays | 27th March 2015
We've finally got our hands on the next nVidia GPU and run it through its paces. With the GTX980 already dominating performance charts, how does the Titan X stack up.
KFA2 GTX980 HOF Hall Of Fame Edition Review
GPU & Displays | 24th March 2015
With that rather braggartly nomenclature the KFA2 has a lot to live up to. Let's find out if it does.
AMD Freesync Review
GPU & Displays | 19th March 2015
Today AMD have unleashed Freesync upon the world. A way to get the benefits of IQ at high FPS. We take a look.
OverKILL3D ASUS Matrix Platinum GTX980 4 Way SLI Review
GPU & Displays | 13th March 2015
Strap yourselves in, as today we're in Overkill3D mode, putting four of ASUS' GTX980 Matrix Platinums into our test rig for Quad-SLI fun and games. Ready?
MSI GTX980 Gaming Review
GPU & Displays | 2nd February 2015
Next in the long line of Maxwell-based graphics cards is the range topping GTX980 Gaming from MSI.
AMD Radeon R9 390X cooler leaked
Mark Campbell | 12th September 2014
Pictures have leaked from AMD of what looks like a reference designed cooler for an Single cored AMD card. I'll give you guys a hint, Asetek
ZOTAC GeForce GTX 970 pictured
Mark Campbell | 11th September 2014
It looks like Nvidia are skipping the 800 series entirely and are going straight to the 900. High-End Maxwell is coming!
MSI shows off GTX 980 GAMING with Twin Frozr V
Mark Campbell | 11th September 2014
After last weeks teaser of MSI's Twin Frozr V cooler, we now have a rendering of the full thing on what looks like a high end Nvidia GPU.
Latest Intel Driver Update gives great iGPU performance gains
Mark Campbell | 10th September 2014
A big Intel graphics driver has been released offering great improvements for Intel's HD Graphics for Haswell, which includes a 30% gain in openCl performance.
Nvidia Files Patent Complaints
Mark Campbell | 6th September 2014
Complaints Filed in ITC, District Court Focus on GPU Technology Patents for Mobile Processors Used in Samsung Galaxy Phones and Tablets.
Sapphire R9 295X2 for 699.99 GBP at OCUK
Mark Campbell | 5th September 2014
Overclockers UK have an Exclusive price for the AMD R9 295X2 of an exceptionally cheap 699.99 GBP
Dell Release a 5K Monitor
Mark Campbell | 5th September 2014
You thought 4K pushed out a lot of Pixels, new Dell are making a 5K display pushing almost 6.5 million more pixels than 4K!
AMD lowers price of the R9 295X2 by 33%
Mark Campbell | 3rd September 2014
For a limited amount of time specific companies will sell AMD Radeon R9 295X2 graphics card with a 33 per cent discount, but sadly the UK gets a lesser discount.
Only certain new Radeons will work with FreeSync
Mark Campbell | 3rd September 2014
AMD FreeSync will only be available on certain AMD GPUs, and by this we do not mean only GCN!
ASUS Announces Strix R9 285 Gaming Graphics Card
Mark Campbell | 2nd September 2014
ASUS has announced their Strix R9 285 gaming graphics card featuring ASUS' exclusive DirectCU II and 0dB fan technologies for total silence during idle or light gaming loads.
Mark Campbell | 2nd September 2014
MSI is pleased to announce its latest addition to the popular GAMING series of graphics cards, the R9 285 GAMING 2G. Cooled by the Twin Frozr IV Advanced.
MSI Tease Twin Frozr V cooler
Mark Campbell | 1st September 2014
According to MSI the "Next-gen GPUs are upon us", but for now they have given us a first sneak peak at their new cooler design help satisfy our curiosity.
Sapphire Radeon R9 285 ITX Compact
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May of us PC gamers want to force as much gaming power as possible into increasingly small form factors. Now Sapphire are coming to the table with a R9 285 Compact to help you along.
All AMD GCN GPUs support DX12
Mark Campbell | 25th August 2014
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AMD Announce R9 285X and R9 285 GPUs
Mark Campbell | 23rd August 2014
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AMD Radeon Tonga R9 285 Pictured
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The AMD R9 285, a card which allegedly contains the new Tonga Pro GPU core has been pictured. Lets have a look.
VisionTek CryoVenom R9 295X2 - Single Slot?
Mark Campbell | 29th July 2014
Here Visiontek offer the slimmest R9 295X2 available, not only that but comes with a full on water cooling kit!
Powercolor R9 295X2 Devil 13 Preview
Mark Campbell | 23rd July 2014
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Nvidia Shield Tablet
Mark Campbell | 22nd July 2014
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ASUS Strix
Mark Campbell | 22nd July 2014
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Win one of two AMD R9 280's
Tom Logan | 19th July 2014
We have a pair of AMD R9 280's to give away to any of you world wide!
Nvidia Shield Tablet and Wireless controller.
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AMD GPU Rumor Roundup
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This product is part of the Made to Matter collection: innovative products with a purpose. Search "Made to Matter" to learn more.
Package Quantity: 1
Health Concern: Cavity Prevention
Health Facts: artificial color-free, artificial flavor-free, artificial preservative-free, no artificial sweeteners, Vegan, Kosher, Halal certified, contains fluoride, contains calcium carbonate, Contains Xylitol
Flavor: strawberry
Product Form: Paste
Capacity (volume): 4.200
Travel Size: No
Suggested Age: 2 Years and Up
Battery: no battery used:
Product Warning: no warning applicable
other Info.
- Online Item #: 10997171
- Store Item Number (DPCI): 049-09-0140
- Made in the USA or Imported
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text:
|Publication number
|Publication type
|Publication date
|Jan 12, 1971
|Filing date
|Feb 17, 1967
|Priority date
|Feb 17, 1967
|Publication number
|Melvin S Cook
|Original Assignee
|Servo Corp Of America
|Export Citation
|BiBTeX, EndNote, RefMan
|Patent Citations (2), Non-Patent Citations (1), Referenced by (10), Classifications (13)
|External Links: USPTO, USPTO Assignment, Espacenet
United States Patent [72] Inventor Melvin S. Cook Hewlett Harbor, NY. [21] Appl. No. 616,861 [22] Filed Feb. 17, 1967 [45] Patented Jan. 12,1971 [73] Assignee Ser "0 Corporation of America Hicksville, N.Y. a corporation of New York [54] SEMICONDUCTOR DETECTOR AND SCANNING DEVICE 11 Claims, 7 Drawing Figs.
52 U.S.C1 178/7.1, 250/21 1 [51] lnt. Cl H04n 5/30 [50] Field of Search 178/68, 7.1, 7.2, 6N8; 250/21 1.1, 21 IR; 325/473, 483; 329/145; 343/100.7
[56] References Cited UNlTED STATES PATENTS 2,684,468 7/1954 McClure et a1. 333/70 3,111,556 11/1963 Knoll etal. 178/7.1
OTHER REFERENCES RCA Technical Note No. 494 September 1961, Single back Circuit For Improving Signal to Noise Ratio Primary Examiner-Robert L. Griffin Assistant ExaminerRobert L. Richardson AttorneyKane, Dalsimer, Kane, Sullivan & Kurcz ABSTRACT: This invention employs a radiation detection device including semiconductor material positioned to receive radiation. The radiation releases free carriers and a scanning voltage drives the carriers to a collector. Synchronizing means and a recirculating delay line control the scanning voltage and provide improved signal to noise properties.
Z4 GENERATOR z? A SPIKE MARKER -cl.0cK GENERATOR swvc. L JL CONTROL -d2 I 1 27 1 l 1 I 1 l L J 48 Same 26 44 A a 40 y A PULSE [4 POSITION run/canon runes/mom MEANS osrscron sflfi fllm m 2 uvrsana ran l 1 33/ s GNAL I INDICATOR 35 mmcwran Mssum RECORDER 1 L TIMING PULS'ES I PULSE 40 I POSITION I INDICATION UMBER & T I I MEANS 70 I I I I A 66 lI tzI 46 couursR I I I 1 w I I I 60 62 OUT /64 l I L I I SHAPER DIFFERENT/A701? V I L I mm- 7 I POSITION INDICATION MEANS i 46 n [34 I I I START COUNTER T I I I I j 570p I I n ZERO I osrscron I I I 5 80 1 J INVENTOR.
MELVIN COOK ATENTEU JAN 1 2 I971 SHEET 3 0F 4 SQUARE WA VE G-NERA TOR SYNC. CON TROL m 0 l- C 0 mm 5mm Aw M K R 6.0 R5 C mm 6 A INVENTOR. MEL VIN S. COOK N 0 EMWS S A [-164 U5 PODM Z V w J "W m mm N 4 AD .5 R 1! C TN 6 l0 I 6 DC w w NE M. I I? E Fm! 1|.
w a R w L 0 H w M r 6 H N A S w 5% 1 5 D 7 RE N MD I PEG-5 Arrow/vars.
SEMICONDUCTOR DETECTOR AND SCANNING DEVICE This invention relates to signal processing of varying voltages or currents developed by scanning circuits acting on image pickup devices which are responsive to electromagnetic radiation patterns, with particular reference to the type of devices referred to in U.S. Pat. No. 3,] 1 1,556 (Nov. 19, 1963 The invention can be used in any radar, television, facsimile, or other image detection or reproduction system, but it is particularly useful in systems for the detection and tracking of such objects as missiles and stars.
The invention described in U.S. Pat. No. 3,1 1 1,556 has been found to sometimes be subject to serious limitations due to various random noise sources acting to degrade the signalto-noise characteristics of the information derived from scanning circuits acting on the photosensitive element. Accordingly, one object of the present invention is to provide circuitry capable of improving the signal-to-noise properties of the information derived from the scanning of the photosensitive element. Another object of the present invention is to provide a means of more accurately localizing radiation impinging on the photosensitive element. Another object of the present invention is to more accurately measure the intensity of radiation impinging on the photosensitive element. The invention can provide any or all of the above functions described as objects of the invention. Another object of the invention is to provide a rugged sensor operated at reasonably low voltage levels as compared to vidicons or to photomultipliers. Another advantage is to provide a sensor without any associated moving mechanical parts such as moving slits.
Other objects of the present invention will become apparent to those skilled in the art from the following description of several embodiments as illustrated in the attached drawings, in which:
FIG. I is a block diagram of one illustrative image pickup device and one illustrative scanning circuit of the invention described in U.S. Pat. No. 3,1 1 1,556 used in conjunction with the present invention also illustrated in FIG. 1.
FIG. 2 is a timing diagram showing the threshold positions of the extracted signal.
FIG. 3 is a block diagram of a signal or pulse position indication means.
FIG. 4 is an alternate embodiment of the pulse position indication means of FIG. 3.
FIG. 5 is a block diagram of an alternate embodiment of the system of FIG. 1.
FIG. 6 is a block diagram of the preferred embodiment of this invention.
FIG. 7 is a diagram of an alternate embodiment of a pulse position indicating means which may be used with the embodiment of FIG. 6.
As discussed in U.S. Pat. No. 3,111,556, the operation of the photosensitive sensor itself is based upon well known properties of semiconductor materials. Minority carriers can be generated in semiconductor and doped semiconductor materials by directing a beam of radiation on these materials. The beam of radiation excites minority carriers at given points. These minority carriers are generated with a spatial distribution in proportion to the intensity of the incident radiation. The sensor incorporated in the present invention requires that these minority carriers persist long enough to be driven through the semiconductor material by means of a voltage gradient in the semiconductor material. Near one end of the semiconductor strip is a collector electrode. In operation, the minority carriers give rise to a modulation of the collector current. The transit time required from the time of application of a voltage to the semiconductor strip to the time the carriers generated at a particular point gave rise to a modulation of the collector current allows one to determine at what point on the strip these carriers were generated.
It has been found that under certain circumstances the carrier concentration, resolution, mobility, and noise level of these radiation-excited carriers are of such nature as to permit a faithful reproduction of the radiation pattern incident on the entire semiconductor strip. However, under other circum stances, this may be difficult to detect using the art delineated in U.S. Pat. No. 3,11 1,556.
The present invention enables one to detect signals in situations where there is a significant amount of random noise which tends to obscure the information one wishes to obtain. The present invention also enables one to more accurately localize the point of origin of minority carriers modulating the collector current. Further, the present invention allows one to measure quite accurately the intensity of the source of radiatron.
These benefits can be obtained primarily when the information density of the radiation incident on the photosensitive element (semiconductor strip) is not high. A possible situation where these capabilities are important and these limitations acceptable would be detection of stars by a navigation system, for example.
SIGNAL DETECTION FIG. 1 shows one embodiment of the present invention which utilizes a single strip of N type semiconductor material 10 having a P type collector 12 at one end thereof and a pair of ohmic scanning contacts 14 and 16 connected to opposing ends of the strip 10. The material types cited can be reversed if desired. The PN junction formed by collector 12 and semiconductor strip 10 is normally back biased by a DC voltage source 18 which is coupled in series with a load resistor 20. Input radiation is allowed to intercept the full length of semiconductor material 10, as illustrated by the dotted lines, thus generating minority carriers along the strip 10 proportional in density to the incident radiation intensity pattern. When a positive square wave scan potential is applied to terminal 16, the minority carriers are driven across strip 10 towards electrode 14. As they pass the vicinity of the reverse biased semiconductor collector junction 12, a current proportional to the concentration of minority carriers will flow in load resistor 20 and thereby produce a varying output voltage which is related to the pattern of incident radiation on the strip 10. The square wave of voltage must be of sufficient amplitude to allow the minority carriers to travel from one end of the semiconductor strip 10 to the'other before the carriers lose the information content by diffusion or are destroyed by recombination. The width of the square wave must be sufficient to allow minority carriers to move from one end of the semiconductor strip 10 to the other during one pulse.
As shown in FIG. 1, the square wave generator 22 is controlled by a clock 24. The output from generator 30 as well as the information signal derived from strip 10 are applied to recirculating delay line 26. In the particular embodiment shown, the recirculating delay line comprises a delay element and an amplifier in a feedback loop, said amplifier having a gain greater than unity. The delay element 27 may be a quartz delay line or may be of other type of delay line such as those skilled in the art may desire to use. The output from the delay line is applied to an amplifier 28. It will be understood that this output essentially comprises the information signal as well as the marker spike. The marker spike is applied over lines 44 and 48 to the control 42. In this way the spike marker controls the signal in such a way that the information signals are essentially in phase and are thus coherent as they are injected into the recirculating delay line.
The behavior of the photoconductive strip 10 is as described in U.S. Pat. No. 3,11 1,556. The noise generated in the photoconductive strip 10 is discussed in U.S. Pat No. 3,111,556. If we consider noise to be anything degrading the signal information, then most of this noise is random" noise. However, there are nonrandom noise sources such as noise arising from crystal imperfection.
One function of the delay line 26 shown in FIG. 1 is to increase the signal-to-noise ratio of the voltages generated in the operation of the detector when scanned. Each time such a scan is performed, the generated voltages are fed into the delay line 26, which is of the recirculating. delay line' variety.
The voltages derived from successive scans-are fed into the delay line in such a manner that voltages generated from the same point of the strip add to each other. Thishas the effect of increasing the signal-to-noise. ratio since much of the noise is random. The amplifier 28 now'sees the desired inforbackground radiation which is of a random nature. Such a function could be of interest when stellar acquisition is desired. In such case, the random nature of radiation scattered by the atmosphere onto the detector could result in a signalto-noise ratio so low as to prevent positive identification of the radiation deriving from a star of interest. Howevenby successively integrating the voltages generated by scanningvia the action of the recirculating delay line 26, the signal-to noise ratio of the desired information, could be enhanced to the point where stellar acquisition is-possible even whererandom scattered radiation has more intensity perunit area than does the information of interest. This technique of the present invention is of importance notonly for'stellar acquisition in guidance and navigation systems but also for the detection of such sources as missiles, rockets, or airplanes.
In summary, in the embodiment of the present invention shown in FIG. 1, a markers'pike of voltage is fed into the recin culating delay line 26 from a spike marker generator synchronized to the clock 24. Thisspike is detected coming from the delay line 26; s it permits the scanning voltage generated by the square wave. generator 22 to be such thatthe. voltages generated fromscanning the semiconductor strip 10 are fed properly into the delay-line 26', which is preferably a nondispersive recirculatirig.delayline In this way; the desired information is integrated in the delay line26 in phasel The information output from amplifier 28 is applied to a threshold detector which allows signal to pass above the predetermined level. This signal may then be displayed or recorded in the signal indicatori33ofknown types. h
Therelationship between the'rnarker spike and the signal above threshold is shown in FIG; 2.
SIGNAL LOCATION The function of thepeak detector'32 shown in FIG. lis to locate the pulses of'valid information('signal) derivedfrom the delay line 26. One embodiment of the peak detector would be a gate opened by a signal at a predetermined voltage threshold and which closes when the signalfallsbelow this voltage threshold. As is clear from the discussion in -U.S;Pat; No. 3,1 1 1,556, the signal measured due to point sources, such as stars or missiles, is a symmetric voltage pulse usually Gaus-- sian. The. finite bandwidth 'of-the circuitry and materialsein ployed may alter this; signal shapesomewhat, but ittshould remain'essentially symmetric about'its center. Therefore; by using the clock 24 to count time'from the inception of the scan voltage or from the appearance o'f'the marker spike'until the threshold is achieved (51 )jand thenuntil the thresholdis-no longer achieved (12) gives a measure of the location of the. signal (T) since It is also POSSIIJICFIO localize thersignal by differentiating the signal pulse and detecting the zero crossing of'the derivative function, corresponding to the-signal maximum.
The symmetrical nature of the signal and the known properties of the materials utilized also permitsmeasure of the intensity of the valid signal falling on the semiconductor strip 10." If
the signal remains Gaussian-(or even if nonGaus'sian, if its shape-as altered by the systernlis known) the half-width'of the known and derives from the mobility and bandwidth of the semiconductor material and circuitry, respectively, as well as from other measurable phenomena. Therefore, t1 and t2 and the threshold'of detection allow one to know the original signal radiation intensity. This is carried out in the embodiment shown in FIG. 1- by storing the charge between t, and t on a capacitor, which is then discharged by a constant current generator. By measuring the time required to discharge this stored chargefrom the capacitor, and knowing the signal shape and width asa functionoft i'me from the appearance of the marker spike, then the required measure of signal intensity is accomplished. This measurement of signal intensity is carried out in the embodiment shownin FIG. 1 by the intensity measurer 34 there shown.
In the embodiment of FIG. 1, the output signal is applied over line 54 to pulse position indication means 40 and the spike marker is applied over line 46'. The pulse position in dicating means may also be explained in connection with FIGS. 2.and 3'. As illustrated in FIG. 2, the time between the marker pulse and the time the information signal achieves threshold; and the time t the time between the spike markerand the time the signal loses threshold may be utilized to determine T, which is a representation of the location of incident radiation.
In one embodiment shown in FIG. 3, the information signal is applied to a shaper and a differe'ntiator 62. The output from differentiator 62 will produce spikes corresponding to the beginning and end of threshold. A counter 66 is provided which utilizes timing pulses illustrated in FIG. 1. It is apparent that by determining the number of pulses corresponding to t, and the number of pulses corresponding to that the quantity T may be derived. To achieve this, the output from the differentiator 62 is applied .to a count readout device which merely controls the counter to produce a signal corresponding to its then present count. For example, counter 66 will begin signal as a function of location on the. semiconductor strip of counting when the spike marker is applied over line 46. It will produce a first readout when the first output from a differentiator appears to provide a count corresponding to 'When the second outputfrom the differentiator occurs, a
second readout corresponding to r will occur. These signals are then added at 68 and divided in half at 70 to provide a representation T.
alternative pulse position indication means 40 is illus- V trated in FIG. 4. Here, a differentiator receives the information signal. It will be noted that the derivative of the information signal at its maximum point is zero. Hence the derivative signal will have a zero value at the maximum point of the signal entering the difierentiator 80. A zero detector 82 will then produce a pulse in accordance with the zero crossing. In this embodiment, a counter 84 begins counting when the spike over line 46'starts'operations. Counter 84 will stop upon command from the first detector. The count in 84 then is a representation of quantity T.
It will also be noted that the area comprising the information signal above threshold is a measure of the actual information signal itself. Accordingly, an intensity measuring means 34is' utilized to provide this indication. The information signal is applied over line 52' to this intensity measuring means which essentially comprises an indicator which may be a capacitor. The total charge or the integral of the current is then a measure of the intensity of the incident information signal.
The amount of charge actually stored in the capacitor may be read out by a variety of devices, all of which are shown diagrammatically as an indicator or a recorder 35.
The embodiment shown in FIG. 5 is essentially the same as thatshown in FIG. 1 with the exception that several semiconductor strips 10A, 1013, (etc) are employed to increase the total effective detector area. Agate control 36 is employed to open andclose the'gates 38 in succession in order to successively scan different strips 10A, 103, etc. As shown in FIG. 1',
'onlya single recirculating delay line and associated circuitry is employed, but duplication is possible in order to lessen the overall time required to scan'all of the strips 10A, 10B, etc.
In FIG. 6, the preferred embodiment of the present invention is shown. In this embodiment, the signal developed by scanning the photosensitive semiconductor strip 2 is fed alternately into delay line 5 and delay line 6, which preferably are nondispersive recirculating delay lines. The operation of the square wave generator 1 and clock 3 are as discussed in connection with the embodiments of FIG. 1 and FIG. 5. The essential difference of the embodiment shown in FIG. 6 to the embodiments shown in FIG. 1 and FIG. 5 is the use of the correlator F in analysis of the signals generated by successively scanning the strip 2. The embodiment shown in FIG. 6 is particularly useful for detecting stellar radiation in a background of scattered solar radiation. Stellar radiation in such a background of scattered solar radiation is often buried beneath a blanket of noise generated by such scattered solar radiation.
Correlation analysis is a technique useful for determining the similarity of two different signals or determining the spectral characteristics of a signal. If one voltage, V (t) and another voltage V, (t- E) where E is a time delay, are continuously multiplied together and the product thereby ob tained fed into a low-pass filter to remove some noise pulses of random amplitude and short duration, then the output from the filter closely approximates a true mathematical correlation function.
A system that performs this integrating process will show whether correlation exists between two signals and, if so, when maximum correlation takes place.
Let us suppose that f, (t E) are voltages which have been fed into the nondispersive recirculating delay lines 105 and 106 respectively. In actual fact, f (5 )and f (t -r) preferably are the result of adding into the delay lines alternatively (or successively) voltages generated by many successive scans (N) of the strip 2. This improves signal-to-noise ratio of the information in the delay lines in ratio of z {JVxOS/N) original. This is particularly important since we wish to increase the signal content at the expense of random noise content off, (I) andf (t- E).
The autocorrelation function for very wideband, uniform noise with a root mean square value of V,,, is an impulse function at T with an amplitude V This means that one characteristic of wideband noise is that the instantaneous value of the signal is completely independent of the value at any other instant and that the coherence time of the process producing the noise is very short. Thus, the cross correlation between the random noise (minus DC content) content off, (r) and f (1 r) approaches zero as increases above the coherence time of the processes generating the random noise. If the noise voltages arise from two completely separate, unrelated processes, then the cross correlation goes to zero.
Let us consider the cross correlation of the voltages arising from the desired cross correlation information, e.g. that arising from stellar radiation incident on the strip 10. If we assume the desired information generated by scanning the strip 10 is constant in time, i.e. is not random save for possible limitations introduced by considerations such as the Heisenberg uncertainty principle, or source or detector motions, then, in ef fect, what we are interested in obtaining is the autocorrelation of the signal radiation falling on the strip 10. Loss in coherence between the correlation of the data obtained by scanning the carriers generated by this signal radiation is due to a certain randomness in the process of generating carriers by incident radiation. We are interested in obtaining the autocorrelation of the incident radiation signal information obtained from voltages produced by signal radiation. However, we are limited to obtaining the cross correlation of the voltages obtained from scanning carriers generated by incident radiation. The essential conclusion from the above comments is that a longer coherence time is expected for valid signal information, so that as -r is increased, the correlation of signal information goes to zero significantly less rapidly than the cor relation of noise arising from random noise processes.
The system shown in FIG. 3 is designed to pay particular attention to adding generated scan voltages so that voltages generated by scanning carriers generated in the same site on the strip 10 are added together during successive scans. This, as mentioned, increases the signal-to-noise ratio of the information stored in the recirculating delay lines due to the random nature of some important noise sources.
In the embodiment of FIG. 6, the output signal from strip 10 is applied over parallel lines to provide sequential signals to parallel recirculating delay lines, the outputs of which are ultimately added at combiner 150. The output signal from strip 10 is applied over gates 121 and 122 which are opened and closed respectively, by a gate control switch 123 which may be a clock generator or other pulse producer. Gate 123 may be under the influence of the spike marker generator 30, or the square wave generator 22. Essentially only one gate is on during a particular signal. Each of the gates allows its output to be applied to the delay lines and 106, respectively, of the recirculating type as previously described. The respective outputs are amplified and then combined together in a simple addition process. Further, the respective outputs from the delay lines are applied to multiplier 107 which provides the autocorrelation function. The output from adder is applied to threshold detector 32, intensity measuring means 34, and pulse position indicating means 40, all of which have been described in connection with FIG. 1. The output from the adder insofar as it incorporates the spike from generator 30 is applied to sync control 42 to insure inphase operation at the delay lines. The output from correlator 107 is applied to a low pass filter 111, indicator 112. If the output from the indicator achieves threshold, it is detected at 114 and displayed at a suitable indicator 116.
In FIG. 7, there is disclosed an alternative pulse position indicating means 40" which may be utilized with the correlator aspects of FIG. 6. The output from indicator 112 may be applied to differentiator 80 which will provide a zero-crossing at maximum. This zero crossing may then be detected and utilized in accordance with the structure of FIG. 4, namely a zero detector and a counter.
The operation of the peak detector 9 can be similar to the peak detector shown in FIG. 1 and 2. However, the intensity measurer circuit 10 in the embodiment shown in FIG. 3 is different than that shown in FIG. 1 and FIG. 2 since the correlator output is obtained by multiplying f, (t) and f (r 1') rather than by merely adding in scan voltages as is done in the embodiments shown in FIG. 1 and FIG. 2.
It is possible to incorporate the signal processing technique shown in FIG. 6 with a multielement photosensitive element, such as is shown incorporated in FIG. 5. Here, it is possible to switch the signal processing circuitry from one element of the sensor to another in sequence, or else to duplicate the signal processing circuitry. Further, a combination of these latter two approaches can be adopted, i.e. some duplication and some switching.
I There is shown in the preferred embodiment pictured in FIG. 6 a low pass filter 111 followed by an integrator 112. This filter is not essential, but it does allow a decision to be made more quickly whether or not desired signal information is present on the strip. If the integrated value found by the integrator exceeds a certain threshold value, a signal is presumed to be incident on the semiconductor strip.
It should be pointed out that the correlation technique incorporated in the embodiment shown in FIG. 6 gives one a correlation for the signal information not dependent on the frequency stability of a mechanical slit scanning technique. Rather, in this embodiment, electronic means allow achievement of a very high accuracy in the correlation of desired signal information. This is an important advantage.
Further, both functions multiplied together in the correlator 7 have signal information localized as essentially Gaussian distributions that is similar, with peaks arriving at the correlator 7 at the time. This provides a satisfactory technique for detecting signal information. In prior art, scanning with single or multiple slitsin a correlation procedure does not satisfy conditions typically which are optimum as the present invention for detection of highly localized signal information. The signal is not as well localized-nor is the electric analogue of the slit pattern against which signal information is multiplied in the correlation andwhich must be regulatedvwith slit motion as optimum in prior art as in the present invention. This is evident from the requirement that as signal information is processed by the'correlator, the correlators output should rise and decay monotonically with a central peak as narrow as possible. The noise which must be discriminated against in the present invention arises from a smaller area of the detector as opposed .to prior art situations which means the relevant noise power which must be discriminated against in the present invention is less than is the'case in the prior art.
A further advantage of the present invention over the prior art lies in the increased integration time available for reception of signal information per unit time.
Angle accuracy in detection systems of the prior art is inversely related to slit width. Narrowing the slit increases angular accuracy in the prior art techniques, but reduces the signal radiation intensity passing through the lens-slit system. This limitation of the prior art is avoided in the present invention.
In the present invention, the possibility of taking a number of samples and adding them into the recirculatingdelay'lines allows the enhancement of the signal-to-noise' rationtS/N) at the. expense of random noise. This sampling is followed by multiplication in the correlator. Clearly, for nondispersive delay iines, the noise of significance in localizing .a signal is solely that arising in the same region of the sensor Where the signal radiation is incident. This is a definite advantage of the present invention over the prior art, wherelarger areas of noise generation must be accepted. Y
Detecting the output of the correlator of the functionsf and f (1 1) gives a sharper signal that isfurther above the chosen threshold and of reduced half-width. Therefore, this signalcan be more accurately localized. This tends to increase the accuracy of localization of desired signal information.
A representative scan time'would'be l0 microseconds. A square'wave'scan voltage wave train could have positive pulses I0 microseconds .long with 10 microsecond interval between scan voltage pulses. These values are intended to be representative, but not restrictive in any sense. In anyv particuiar case, an actual choice would be based on the properties of the semiconductor material and the other requirements of the system.
One consideration of significance is the setting of the threshold level'for the decision whether or not the correlation function leaving the correlator, when integrated, contains signal information or not. This involves optimizing the voltage pedestal of the collector on the photosensitive convenient obtain some information about the intensity of the random noise due tosuch noise sources as'scattered solar radiation incident on the sensor-the random'noise generated thermally and by other means in'the system itself (exclusive of noisedue to incident radiation) being normally reasonably well defined. The level of the threshold "chosen would take these factors into consideration in any given application.
Some of the advantages of the'foregoing invention are:
1. Better localization of signal information.
2.- Better measurement of signal amplitude.
3. Enhancement of signal'to noise properties.
4. Elimination of mechanical slit scanning.
5. Capability of high speed operation. 6. Utilization of wide aperture optics without sacrifice of resolving powers. I
7. Elimination of some of the dead areas found in a mosaic type of detector.
While the principles of the invention have been described in connection with specific apparatus, it is to be clearly understood that this description is made only by way of example and not as a limitation to the scope of the invention as set forth in the objects thereof and in the accompanying claims.
Iclaim: l. A signal detection and scanning device comprising a semiconductor material adapted to receive an input signal, said semiconductor material being adapted to release free carriers in response to said input signal, collector means attached to said semiconductor material and means for applying a scanning voltage to said semiconductor material to drive said free carriers toward said collector means, recirculating delay line means,.means to apply the output signals fromsaid collector means to said recirculating delay line means to coherently combine said signals, said scanning means including synchronizing scanning voltage means to control the timeof scanning of said 'material in synchronized response to the output from said delay line means.
2. The device of claim 1 including threshold detecting means coupled to the output from said delay line means.
3. The device of claim 2 including means for locating the position of the input radiation on said material including means to determine the time of the maximum of the output signal fromsaid delay line means.
4. The device of claim 3 including means to determine'the time from the beginning of scan to both the time'of beginning of the output from said threshold detecting means and the time of cessation of output therefrom.
5. The device of claim 4 including courtesy means responsive to the beginning of saidscanning voltage.
6. The device of claim 1 including means to autocorrelate the output from said delay line means.
7,. The device of claim 6 in which said autocorrelating means includes a-plurality of delay lines, means responsive to the output of said delay lines to multiply and integrate the multiplied output thereof.
8. The device of claim 1 in which the synchronized scanning voltage means includes clock pulse producing means.
9. The device of claim 8 in which the means to apply output signals includes synchronized means responsive to said clock pulse producing means.
10. The device of claim 1 in which the scanning voltage applied to said material has an amplitude'sufficient to allow the minority carriers to travel to said collector means.
11. A radiation detection and scanning device comprising a semiconductor material adapted to receive input radiation, said semiconductor material being adapted to release free carriers in response to said input radiation, collector means attached to said semiconductor material and means for applying a scanning voltage to said semiconductor material to drive said'free carriers toward said collector means, recirculating delay line means, means to apply the output signals from said collector means to said recirculating delay line means to coherently combine said signals, said scanning means includ ing synchronizing scanning voltage means to control the time of scanning of said material in synchronized response to the output from said delay line means.
|Cited Patent
|Filing date
|Publication date
|Aug 21, 1950
|Jul 20, 1954
|Socony Vacuum Oil Co Inc
|Apparatus for measuring a periodically recurring signal in the presence of random noise
|Sep 25, 1961
|Nov 19, 1963
|Servo Corp Of America
|Image pickup devices and scanning circuits therefor
|RCA Technical Note No. 494 September 1961, Single back Circuit For Improving Signal to Noise Ratio .
|Citing Patent
|Filing date
|Publication date
|Apr 16, 1973
|Jul 30, 1974
|Univ Leland Stanford Junior
|Method and system for acousto-electric scanning
|Apr 16, 1973
|Jul 30, 1974
|Univ Leland Stanford Junior
|Method and system for acousto-electric scanning
|May 30, 1973
|Sep 17, 1974
|P Kornreich
|Direct electronic fourier transforms of optical images
|Aug 31, 1973
|Dec 24, 1974
|Rca Corp
|Sensors having charge transfer recycling means
|Oct 17, 1973
|Apr 1, 1975
|Gordon Bernard L
|Television noise reduction device
|Aug 26, 1975
|Mar 15, 1977
|U.S. Philips Corporation
|Device for the amplitude modulation of an electrical signal
|May 25, 1977
|May 20, 1980
|Fitelson Michael M
|Optical signal processing apparatus
|Feb 4, 1980
|Jan 5, 1982
|The United States Of America As Represented By The Secretary Of The Air Force
|Beam position locater with photodetector array
|Jul 16, 1986
|May 17, 1988
|Hitachi, Ltd.
|Solid-state image pick-up device having an arrangement to avoid adverse effects on the waveform of picture elements signal by the read-out start pulse
|May 23, 1978
|Dec 21, 1978
|Gen Electric
|Optische signalverarbeitungseinrichtung
|U.S. Classification
|348/294, 348/241, 257/461
|International Classification
|Cooperative Classification
|European Classification


text:
Bounceby Bon Jovi
View All Available Formats & Editions
Much like New Jersey's other favorite son, Jon Bon Jovi obviously spent quite a bit of time thinking about the events of September 11th when writing songs for Bounce, his band's eighth album. That's clear from the opening notes of "Undivided," which kicks things off in an anthemic, and somewhat angry, tone: Lyrics that directly address "my brother lost in the rubble/my sister lost in the crush" are interwoven with surprisingly heavy riffs to good effect, a pairing repeated on the stirring "Everyday." That muscular melodicism -- harkening back as far Slippery When Wet -- jump-starts many of Bounce's tracks: "Hey Joey" spins a hardscrabble tale of Garden State growing-up over an appropriately rootsy backing track, while "Hook Me Up" moves with a slithering gait that lets Richie Sambora strut his stuff with glee. As he's grown more mature, Jon Bon Jovi's ballads have grown up as well. Here, he and his bandmates not only turn out a brace of romantic ballads -- the delicate "You Had Me from Hello," which Jon says was inspired by his stint on Ally McBeal, is the best of the bunch -- but also stretch things a bit, as on "Open All Night," which, with its pensive, piano-driven verses, ends the album on an introspective-yet-upbeat note. As has been their habit in the past, the band occasionally try too hard to come across as sincere and wind up sounding overwrought and lead-footed. That's the case on the overly orchestrated "Right Side of Wrong," which takes the "Living on a Prayer" melodic formula one step too far, and "The Distance," which could pass for a Creed outtake. But overall, Bounce makes a good case for Jon Bon Jovi -- and the rest of the band -- having grown up just right.
Editorial Reviews
Product Details
- Release Date:
- 10/08/2002
- Label:
- Island
- 0044006305523
- catalogNumber:
- 063055
- Rank:
- 61519
- Undivided
- Everyday
- The Distance
- Joey
- Misunderstood
- All About Lovin' You
- Hook Me Up
- Right Side Of Wrong
- Love Me Back To Life
- You Had Me From Hello
- Bounce
- Open All Night
Album Credits
Performance CreditsBon Jovi Primary Artist
Jon Bon Jovi Vocals,Background Vocals
Richie Sambora Guitar,Background Vocals
David Bryan Keyboards
Jerry Cohen Musician
Hugh McDonald Bass
Tico Torres Percussion,Drums
Andreas Carlsson Musician
Samuel Waermo Musician
Technical CreditsJon Bon Jovi Composer,Producer
Richie Sambora Composer,Producer
Billy Falcon Composer
Desmond Child Composer,Producer
Eric Bazilian Composer
David Campbell Orchestral Arrangements
Joe Chiccarelli Engineer,Engineering
Graham Hawthorne Pro-Tools
John Kalodner Contributor
Obie O'Brien Engineer
Gary Tole Engineer
Kevin Reagan Art Direction
Andreas Carlsson Composer,Producer
Luke Ebbin Programming,Producer,Orchestral Arrangements
Bret Healey Art Direction
Samuel Waermo Programming,Engineer
Customer Reviews
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Bon Jovi did it again. They have managed to create yet another rock-n-roll masterpiece. This is probably their best album yet!
Although they never did go away. This latest installment will be liked by old schoolers and new schoolers. Bon Jovi has come a long way from Runaway. The musical range in the album is tremendous. It is evident that Bon Jovi is not affraid to try new things. Throughout the album there are noticable new styles of music never heard on previous albums, but at the same time they maintain they're unique style of music. From exploring the story telling style of music a la Elton John in Joey, to even exploring proggresive rock in Hook Me Up, they do a great job in getting the listener hooked. Traces from the Crush album are heard here and there. Not one dull song. Certainly an album to pick up whether you're a die hard Bon Jovi fan, or Creed, Elton, Linkin Park, hey maybe even Backstreet Boys fan.
WOOOWWWW!!!!!!! This is band's best album. EVERYBODY should buy this album.It ROX. I love all the songs. My fav is F F F F F Bounce :) aaww I luv all songs.YYYAYYY BON JOVI DID IT AGAIN!!
If you're a Bon Jovi fan, you will love Bounce for sure! I personally think it's their best album ever. It certainly has a harder edge than the last two studio efforts, Crush & These Days.
Bon Jovi know how to rock, and this album is the proof. They even have the critics attention with this one. If you want a great rock album buy this one, you won't be disapointed.
This album rocks, don't know what to say, so you should just buy it.
In my opinion this has got to be one of Bon Jovi's best if not their best album ever. Every song on this cd is great and i can't help but to listen to it over and over again. It has all sorts of types of music ranging from hard-rock songs like Undivided and Everyday while having those great Bon Jovi ballads. All in all this is a must have cd!!
Wow, what can I say? I've been a fan of this band since I was 10 and living in Jersey myself and their latest album does not disapoint. The boys are still rocking. I get a feeling of their older stuff especially from "Everyday" and "Bounce". And as always, no one writes and sings a balad quite like Bon Jovi with my favorite on this album being "You Had Me From Hello" which has got to be one of the sweetest love songs they have ever written. This is a must have for any rock-n-roll fan, espcially if you are a Bon Jovi fan.
The new album is titled Bounce, the perfect way to describe what the guys in Bon Jovi do every time they put out an album. Every album gets better and better with more and more meaning. This is by far one of my favorite albums of all time. Not a single soul should pass up this oppportunity of owning such a good album. I also love the album because some of the songs relate to 9/11, and those songs are amazing!! As one of the biggest Bon Jovi fans out there, I can give the album an 11/10!!
Bon Jovi fans will be pleased with this innovative pop/rock record. More agressive than Crush this album proved that the jersey boys are still one of the biggest band in the world, a crowning masterpiece for the band!
Every once in a while, an album comes along that you could just listen to the whole way through. Artists such as Billy Joel, Elton John, and Queen have all accomplised this. JBJ stormed onto this distinguished list with the release of Bounce. From hard-rockin 'Bounce', to the story of Joey Keys, to the power ballad 'All About Lovin You', the boys put together what is arguably there finest album to date! All twelve could be a single! When compared to the pop and rap garbage that is dominating the music world today, it rises high above. The 80's provided some of the best music ever created. Thanks for keepin it alive guys!! YOWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWW!
I recently got Bon Jovi's new album "Bounce" that hit stores on the 8th of October. This album has been on my radio non-stop! It is an incredible album with a balance of up-beat rock tunes and sweet slow ballads. I believe this is one of Bon Jovi's BEST albums yet. If you're stuck on what album to purchase, "Bounce" is worth being in your collection.
bounce.relly rock.its like bon jovi have gone back to the old days .of hard rock.like undivided.is just such a rocky tune.misunderstood is a song that is so true to the heart.this is bon jovi of 2002.
Bon Jovi's new album "Bounce" is one of my favorites yet released by the boys from Jersey. It has power rock songs and also great ballads. This album is uplifting for many people. I believe that they capture events of Sept. 11 in a better way than the Boss Bruce Springsteen himself. I'd have to say that "Undivided" Misunderstood" and "All About Lovin' You" are 3 of the best songs on the album. I really think that this is going to be one of the best albums of the year.
I fell in love with the new bon jovi c.d. It is the most mature album to date and has lots of meaning behind it. There are several songs written about Sept. 11 which are done beautifully as well as classic love songs. My favorite song on this album would have to be "All about lovin you" because Jon's voice can just mezmorize me. It is the most beautiful instument in the world.
This cd is totally rockin... Go out and get it to hear jon croon with his oh so beautiful ballads on this album.
Bon Jovi's latest effort is without a doubt the best modern rock album out there today. these rock survivors show up anyone and everyone who stands in their way. Richie Sambora shines, once more, as he proves to be one of the best lead guitar players in the business. Powerful guitars and sweet ballads run rampant on Bounce and prove to the modern era exactly what made Bon Jovi successful in the first place! Bounce is a sure fire lesson in Rock for those upstarts who can only dream of selling in excess of 93 millions albums!
Two years after releasing Crush, that made many people think Bon Jovi was becoming a pop band, they're back showing that it's not true. Bounce is a great answer for those who thought that BJ wasn't able to do rock n' roll anymore. Songs like Undivided and Hook Me Up impressed even the BJ fans with Richie Sambora's (wonderful) distorted guitars and the amazing Jon Bon Jovi's vocals. Besides having heavier songs than the usual, Bounce is also an album full of the typical Bon Jovi ballads, where the finest example is All About Lovin' You - a wonderful ballad that will sure be the favorite song of many couples all around the world.
This cd takes you on ajourney with Undivided your reminded of what has happened in the past to the world and with All about loving you your hopeful for the future in just Your life. This is a journey that Bon Jovi is leading jump on its a great one!!
Jersey rockers Bon Jovi...ARE BACK! And in a BIG way! I love this new CD. I may have a problem with just one song..."Joey" but it's growing on me. I love "Bounce" (the song). With its upbeat, positive sound, it's impossible not to be immediately happy with it. All in all, "Bounce" is a must-buy for all Bon Jovi fans and new Bon Jovi fans looking for an escape from the pains of the events of September 11.
I've been a Bon Jovi fan since 1985 I love all of there music but this record brings back the energy of Slippery When Wet & New Jersey. Buy it! you won't regret it
The best Bon Jovi album yet! It can only get better from here!
Bon Jovi latest effort, Bounce, takes a nice step back to their roots. With heavier riffs, and feel good lyrics, Bounce is a must have for any cd collection
In this new albun Bon Jovi shows that after all the time they´ve been in this buisness they can still rock the charts and beat the new groups of today. This shows that Bon Jovi is a serious band and does music because they love it not because they want to get the money. In this new album we can find al kinds of songs, heavy and low, its the best compeared to all the new releases gone out lately! ``Undivided´´ is one of the songs in the album and i think it helps americans to get thru the hard times that came after sep 11.


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Authorities in Northern California made a snappy discovery during a routine probation check: An alligator-like reptile named "Mr Teeth," who was apparently protecting a stash of marijuana.
When Alameda County Sheriff's deputies entered the Castro Valley home January 8, they not only found 34 pounds (15.5 kilograms) of marijuana valued at an estimated US$100,000, but also the 1.5-metre-long caiman inside a Plexiglas tank guarding it in a bedroom.
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Today I wanted to write a little 'opinionated' editorial. Typically we do not address rumors and gossip. But an accumulation of things that have been going on over at camp NVIDIA and the Internet leading us to believe things are not as they should be. The rumors are creating a rather negative stigma for NVIDIA. Here's our take on the pending GeForce 470 and 480. Read article
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Benihana Restaurants - Chelsea
Venue Details & Map
Benihana Restaurants - Chelsea
- Address
77 Kings RoadChelseaLondonSW3 4NX
This is a great restaurant. The way the food is cooked in front of you is very entertaining. The chef is also very funny and make you feel at ease. A bit pricey for the food but is worth it every so often.more
What a great experience. I should give the rating 5 stars but one a few small things stopped that from being so.
- Firstly, we had to wait close to an hour before our chef arrived.
- Secondly, there's a 12.5% discretionary charge added to the bill. I didn't mind paying it but I wasn't given the choice if I could pay for it or not.
- the restaurant is a little bit pricey than it should...more
The Chelsea Branch is my favourite, the seating area is located underground, very spacious, modern and elegant.
Most Japanese menus in London consist of Sushi dishes and that's about it, but Benihana provides an extensive menu with a range of dishes prepared in front of you (if requested) by a trained Chef.
The tables are in the shape of a semi circle and so you have a perfect view of the...more
The place is quite big ... Nicely done. A bit easy to miss it because it's all underground, just a very small door.
Good sushi, quite fresh.
The food came a bit slow though. Still, overall a decent restaurant for Japanese food.more
Homesick brought me to Benihana in London !!! This restaurant has my memory of SoCal Beverly Hills and New York City. I have to see that beating heart fired rice and onion rings volcano !!!!!!!
Very elegant ambience. Fresh ingredients. Chefs entertain you with their tricks. Full bar. In love with black sugar plums wine. I had lobster and steak as entree. Very juicy and tasty.


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1 of a kind opportunity to own this unique custom built home in the beautiful Calmor Cove Lake Community!! This is the only stick built home in the entire community! This home sits on the quiet end of the street, has shared lake access, community amenities and more. A must see!!
Expandable 2 tiered shoe rack
Expands from 3 feet to 6 feet wide. about 2 feet tall
Vacant land 4.7 mi off main ro...
Vacant land 4.7 mi off main road. Owner contract. Lots of light.
Bellingham Cruise Terminal 355 Harris Avenue 800 sf Marine Related Office Space Bellwether Building 11 Bellwether Way 500-2,460 sf Class "A" Space 8 Bellwether Way Approximately 867 sf Class "A" Space 12 Bellwether Way 752 - 1,386 sf...
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Buying all tokens and medals. Bring them in today for a hassle free evaluation and offer. No obligation to sell. Bellingham Coin Shop, 1806 Cornwall Ave. We buy coins too!
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Burlington Boulevard frontage with outstanding traffic exposure! This shy acre is directly across from Costco. Just seconds to Interstate 5 and George Hopper Rd. Two adjacent parcels (see MLS 942471) also available. Combined these three parcels offer 4+ acres of Commercial-Business zoning.
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text: We had the most pleasant and wonderful evening at Theobolds. From the moment we walked through the door, we was very warmly greeted with a smile and a welcome. We was asked if we would like to take drinks in the courtyard (very pretty) before being seated for our meal, and take time to peruse the menu. Very nice touch.... More


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For our third annual list, we sought to highlight literature that exposes readers to cultures and ways of life that may be different from their own...
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Karl Shapiro was an exuberant force in American poetry for more than half a century. This collection, selected and introduced by John Updike, reveals him as one of the enduring voices of his generation. Included are works drawn from more than a dozen of Shapiro's published volumes: early poems like "Drug Store" and "Buick," which revel in the ordinary life of his native Baltimore; selections from Essay on Rime, his tour de force on the craft of poetry; the dignified and moving lyrics, written near the front lines in New Guinea, of V-Letter and Other Poems, for which he won the Pulitzer Prize in 1944; candid late musings on subjects like Kleenex, New York City, and Creative Writing.
"His feet planted on the substantive," Updike writes in his introduction, Shapiro "could be modest and casual but also bold, with the boldness of truth personally verified." Early and late, he was irreverent, down to earth, and always a master of his craft.
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At first, we were a little skeptical of great Japanese food in an open air restaurant in the jungle in Costa Rica. However, we were totally wrong. The fish was so fresh that it made fish with which I was familiar taste like something totally new. They would erase specials off of the chalkboard when they ran out of that type of fish; there was obviously no type of fish just sitting around from previous days. The only thing I disliked about the food was that the bottled water we ordered did not come in a labeled bottle that was opened at the table; it came in an unmarked reusable glass bottle but we paid $7 for it... in no other restaurant in town did this happen.
Beyond the food, which was just really really great, my friend and I kept commenting on what a cool/chic scene there was at Koji's. It was definitely the coolest most sophisticated dinner restaurant at which we ate while in the Santa Teresa/Playa Hermosa/Mal Pais area. The waitresses were gorgeous, the people eating there was gorgeous, and the food was gorgeous. All of this added up to a great evening!
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text: Home Beautiful Bella Our Grandaughter, the Beautiful Arabella Mill was born on 4th of July at 7:23 am weighing in at 8 lbs 2 oz. Praise God for a safe delivery. Baby and […] More Info April 2016 Video Update Latest News from the Galbraiths in Video Format More Info A Lovely Sunday We had a lovely Sunday today. Hope you did, too. We've had visitors each Sunday over the last few weeks. This Sunday, one of our visitors and her daughter returned […] More Info Merry Christmas Latest Prayer Letter from the Galbraiths available here More Info


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We travelled from New Zealand to Orlando and we wanted to get some healthy options for our room. Your service was amazing! The fruit and vegetables were fresh and delicious! Thank you :)
Very convenient shopping perfect delivery timing on my next trip to disney I will defiantely order again.
Ordering through Garden Grocer was so easy and took a part of the "unknown" out of our trip. Our food was at our resort when we arrived and there was no worries about how we were going to get to a store to get the things we needed.


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New World Manila Bay Hotel
New World Manila Bay Hotel
Hotel Guest Rating: 8.0/10
1588 Pedro Gil Cor M.H. Del Pilar
Malate, Manila 1004
New World Manila Bay Hotel
Set in a prime location of Manila, New World Manila Bay Hotel puts everything the city has to offer just outside your doorstep. Offering a variety of facilities and services, the hotel provides all you need for a good night's sleep. Free Wi-Fi in all rooms, 24-hour security, daily housekeeping, fax machine, gift/souvenir shop are on the list of things guests can enjoy. Designed for comfort, selected guestrooms offer television LCD/plasma screen, bathroom phone, carpeting, complimentary instant coffee, complimentary tea to ensure a restful night. Recuperate from a full day of sightseeing in the comfort of your room or take advantage of the hotel's recreational facilities, including yoga room, hot tub, fitness center, sauna, golf course (within 3 km). For reliable service and professional staff, New World Manila Bay Hotel caters to your needs. ...read more
New World Manila Bay Hotel Amenities
- 24-Hour Front Desk
- 24-Hour Room Service
- 24-Hour Security
- Air Conditioning
- Airport Transfer
- American Express
- Atm/Cash Machine On Site
- Babysitting
- Bar
- Bathrobes
- Bathtub
- Business Center
- Car Hire
- Car Park
- Casino
- Chinese (Cantonese)
- Chinese (Mandarin)
- Coffee Shop
- Coffee/Tea Maker
- Complimentary Bottled Water
- Concierge
- Currency Exchange
- Daily Housekeeping
- Daily Newspaper
- Desk
- Diners Club
- Discover Card
- Dry Cleaning
- Dvd/Cd Player
- Elevator
- English
- Executive Floor
- Executive Lounge Access
- Family Room
- Fax Machine
- Filipino
- Fitness Center
- Free Wi-Fi In All Rooms
- Gift/Souvenir Shop
- Golf Course (Within 3 Km)
- Hair Dryer
- Hot Tub
- In Room Safe
- Interconnecting Room(S) Available
- Internet Access - Lan
- Internet Access - Lan (Charges Apply)
- Internet Access - Wireless
- Internet Access - Wireless (Charges Apply)
- Ironing Facilities
- Japanese
- Jcb
- Karaoke
- Korean
- Laptop Safe Box
- Laundry Service
- Luggage Storage
- Massage
- Mastercard
- Meeting Facilities
- Mini Bar
- Newspapers
- Non Smoking Rooms
- Outdoor Pool
- Photocopying
- Pool (Kids)
- Poolside Bar
- Printer
- Private Check In/Check Out
- Restaurant
- Room Service
- Safety Deposit Boxes
- Satellite/Cable Tv
- Sauna
- Seating Area
- Separate Shower And Tub
- Shops
- Shower
- Shuttle Service
- Smoking Area
- Spa
- Steamroom
- Taxi Service
- Television
- Television Lcd/Plasma Screen
- Ticket Service
- Tours
- Valet Parking
- Visa
- Wheelchair Accessible
- Wi-Fi In Public Areas
- Yoga Room
Hotel Guest Reviews of the New World Manila Bay HotelOur hotel ratings and reviews are from real hotel guests. Priceline.com ensures that its reviews are guests-only by proactively sending hotel surveys to customers after they've completed their hotel stays. In the post-stay surveys, priceline.com hotel customers are asked a number of questions about their stay and the hotel. On a scale of 1-10 with 10 being the best, the survey asks guests to rate their overall experience and specifically rate the hotel's cleanliness, staff and location. Priceline.com does not allow site visitors to post unsolicited hotel reviews.
October 23, 2015
Business Traveler
August 28, 2011
Solo Traveler
Compare to the same star category. The Hotel has no free transportation to and from airport as part of customer amenities. The breakfast buffet not included .The best part of this hotel is the security system. You have to go under security check by staff personnel before you enter the Hotel.
September 1, 2009
Courteous and friendly staff are the only asset this hotel has. Stayed the remainder of our visit at a nice resort, 40 minutes away and at a fraction of the price.
June 17, 2007
Very classy, upscale hotel. Located near the Baywalk attraction and the US Embassy. Casino has a separate entrance so it's not overwhelming if your not interested. Think twice before using the expensive minibar.
(1 - 4 of 4 reviews)
- Boulevard Mansion Hotel from $31 (0.1mi)
- Diamond Hotel from $99 (0.1mi)
- Eurotel Pedro Gil Hotel from $23 (0.1mi)
- Executive Plaza Hotel from $44 (0.1mi)
- Hostel 1632 from $34 (0.1mi)


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List all words ending with ramillie
Only the word ramillie was found, nothing longer.
Some random words: epact wanes mho aegis netted dudgeon guacharo
This is not a dictionary, it's a word game wordfinder.
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Hardback 'Dog Shaming' Book£6.50 (from Random House) for a hardback copy of 'Dog Shaming'
- Get a hardback copy of 'Dog Shaming' by Pascale Lemire.
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The Fine Print
- May buy multiples.
- Voucher valid until 19th Mar 2014.
- Postage costs an additional £2.99 per item.
- Please allow up to 14 working days for delivery after redeeming.
- Subject to availability.
Full Details
Man's best friend doesn't always feel like man's best friend, especially when he or she is chewing up your brand-new pair of heels…
Today we're offering you a hardback copy of 'Dog Shaming' for just £6.50!
Instead of despairing over your petulant pup's antics, share anecdotes with other pet owners and you'll be sure to see the funny side. Get a hardback copy of 'Dog Shaming' with today's deal, and enjoy pictures and captions outlining canine mischief including chasing postmen, unplugging alarm clocks and much more. This endearing read will have you chuckling along hours as you renew your love for your trusty companion!
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KICKOFF: Saturday, 4:30 ET
SURFACE: Grass
TV: NBC (Tom Hammond, Cris Collinsworth, Tiki Barber)
SERIES: 25th meeting. Cardinals lead the series, 14-10. This will be the first postseason meeting between the two franchises. The Cardinals hold an 8-2 advantage when playing at home. They beat the Falcons 30-27 in overtime last season. The Falcons won the previous four meetings, including a 34-14 win in Phoenix in 2001.
PREDICTION: Falcons 24-23
KEYS TO THE GAME: The Falcons have to be a bit concerned about rookie QB Matt Ryan, who has thrown six interceptions over the past five games and has struggled more with his accuracy in general.
Atlanta will attempt to ease him into the game by giving RB Michael Turner plenty of early work. The Cardinals are solid against the run, allowing 110.2 yards per game, but will still have to use a safety in run support. That leaves CBs Hood and rookie Dominique Rodgers-Cromartie more vulnerable against WRs Roddy White and Michael Jenkins, who have been dangerous big-play targets for Ryan off play-action. ...
Cardinals RB Edgerrin James showed fresh legs as the coaching staff re-inserted the veteran as the lead back last Sunday. Look for that to continue as Arizona needs to show some semblance of a running game.
The Falcons' pass rush has slowly improved throughout the season, and one of the Cardinals' biggest weakness is QB Kurt Warner's propensity to turn the ball over when pressure (11 turnovers the past eight games). But in the end Arizona will live or die with its passing game.
The Cardinals will put a lot of pressure on Falcons CBs Chris Houston and Domonique Foxworth, and the game could hinge on Arizona's efficiency inside the red zone.
Falcons: DE Jamaal Anderson (ankle) is uncertain; S Lawyer Milloy (back) said he will play.
Cardinals: WR Anquan Boldin (shoulder) insisted he will play; TE Leonard Pope (knee) is uncertain.
FAST FACTS: The Cardinals will host their first playoff game since 1947 when the franchise was in Chicago. ...
Atlanta is 6-0 when Ryan has a 100-plus passer rating.
--DE John Abraham didn't practice for the second consecutive day Thursday, but is expected to start. He has a thigh and shoulder injury that he has been nursing over the last month of the regular season.
--RB Jason Snelling led the team with 17 special teams tackles. He also had 15 carries for 62 yards.
--DEs Chauncey Davis and Kroy Biermann, who have played in reserve roles in the defensive line rotation, have combined for six sacks. DE Jamaal Anderson had just two sacks over 31 games.
--C Todd McClure, T Todd Weiner, WRs Brian Finneran and Michael Jenkins and LB Keith Brookings are the only players left from the 2004 team that played in the NFC Championship Game.
--WR Harry Douglas had 12 rushes for 69 yards and caught 23 passes for 320 yards. He also returned 19 punts for 226 yards.
The Falcons have been plotting on how to combat Arizona quarterback Kurt Warner's quick release.
Getting pressure on Warner, who was sacked only 26 times this season, is key for the Falcons defense in their NFC wild-card playoff game on Saturday.
"We know that he's going to be pocket," safety Lawyer Milloy said. "He makes quick decisions and he gets the ball out into his playmakers' hands."
Defensive end John Abraham led the Falcons with 16.5 sacks this season.
"He gets hit more than any quarterback in the league," Abraham said. "Our biggest thing is to keep the pressure on him and keep hitting him. We might not get the sacks, but we have to do the best we can to get him frustrated."
Defensive ends Chauncey Davis and Kroy Biermann will get defensive end Jamaal Anderson's snaps. Anderson has not practiced since suffering a high ankle sprain against Minnesota on Dec. 21. He'll likely be inactive on Saturday.
Davis and Biermann added sacks last week to help the rest of the defense move ahead of Abraham with 17.5 sacks. Davis and Biermann have combined for six sacks, while Anderson has just two.
"My guys are stepping up and playing like they can play," Abraham said. "We've done a good job of hitting quarterbacks all year."
With Warner throwing an average of 37 times a game, Abraham knows the entire unit has to stay after the quarterback.
"I know I can't hit him (37) times," Abraham said. "We've got to split it up and get to him as much as possible. We have to try to keep him moving around the pocket and make him throw a couple of errant passes."
Turnovers have played a huge role in the Cardinals' troubles over the last two months, and it's not just the offense that is failing.
In the last seven games, the Cardinals have committed 16 turnovers, and 10 of those have come in their territory. The defense hasn't done much stop opponents from scoring. Opponents have scored 10 touchdowns and two field goals after those 16 scores.
So it's not a surprise the Cardinals lost four of their last six games, going from 7-3 to 9-7.
The first quarter will be vital in Saturday's game. In recent weeks, the Cardinals have played poorly in the first halves. Turnovers, again, have been a big problem.
Of those 16 turnovers, six have come in the first quarter. In the last four games, the team has committed four turnovers in the first quarter.
It's really the continuation of a season-long problem: the offense commits a turnover and the defense has done a poor job of stopping opponents from capitalizing.
The Cardinals have committed 30 turnovers, and opponents have scored off of them 21 times, including 15 touchdowns. Subtract the three turnovers that ended halves, and opponents have scored 21 out of 27 times.
Inside the Camps: Cardinals/Falcons
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