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Instructors need to be careful to ensure that their comments encourage, writes Andrew Joseph Pegoda.
If you want your students to behave in class, focus on your credibility, and avoid self-deprecation, study suggests.
What the notices say is only part of what they mean, writes Cheryl E. Ball.
Not all academics eat well. Often, I have found myself among a group of friends at the end of a conference, hungry for dinner, and, by some unknown force, our movement is directed toward an overpriced, chain steak house or fast food restaurant.
Conference hotels often house a Starbucks; each morning of my field's main conference, a line of 30 people deep can be found before the day's proceedings begin. Publisher-sponsored affairs are always a big hit. Cold shrimp served with ketchup-based sauce. Small cheese-stuffed pastry hors d'oeuvres. Toast with tomatoes on top. Cheese and crackers. Hummus. Crudités. Free food. Conference lunches can be less generous as colleagues grab day-old sandwiches -- made in some unknown factory -- at Starbucks. Or they push coins into a machine and grab a Milky Way.
Office microwaves are often messy with the remnants of frozen pizza, ramen noodles, or reheated hot dogs. Sometimes, when I am walking from the parking garage to my campus office, I spot colleagues at 8 in the morning leaving the nearby McDonald's with bags of fried something-or-other. One of my more astute colleagues, who works extensively in cultural criticism, has stood more than once across from me in our building's elevator, a bag of Chick-fil-A in his hand. Academic cocktail parties, at the university or at a conference, usually offer $6 bottles of Bud and Miller Lite. The $7 Sam Adams is labeled "import."
Our department meetings take place every other Tuesday during lunch time. It is not uncommon for me to eat a sandwich or salad during the meeting. Being at work makes me hungry no matter how large or small a breakfast I've had. When I taught community college night classes almost 20 years ago, I ate a salad before class started. Sometimes, I pack hard-boiled eggs in my salad so that the sulfuric odors permeate the room during meetings.
No matter where I've worked, campus catering coffee is always bad. Order a vegetarian meal for an event, and campus catering makes something heavy in starch (pasta drenched in a bland, unseasoned red sauce) or portabello mushrooms (grilled or raw). Across the street from our campus is a restaurant with the word "ass" in its title ("huge" is another word in its name). Across the street, one can also dine at a Korean restaurant, an African restaurant, a local pizza place with a good beer list, a Middle Eastern restaurant, a regional taco chain with the word "local" in its title, a fast food restaurant that specializes in chicken fingers, and a McDonald's. I entered the student union the other day and saw a 30-person deep line at the Subway.
While my wife and I are members of the local co-op, not all of our colleagues know that it is located three miles south of campus. Recently, I bought local paw paw at the coop and posted a picture to my Facebook profile; some people mistook it for rotten avocado. The possible outsourcing of campus dining to a private company has raised faculty and student concerns that the university's spending of almost $800,000 per year on local food will vanish. During a tour of the campus dining food warehouse last year, I was informed that when the university purchases local cattle, the chefs sneak ox tail into stews served in student housing. While most, if not all, of us housed in the humanities support same sex marriage, the elevator in our building reeks of Chick fil-A - whose owner opposes such marriages - on any given day. Purchasing a University of Kentucky Dining Plan allows a student to eat at Chick fil-A and Subway in addition to campus dining facilities.
Every October, regardless of what I am teaching, I share with students my hatred of candy. "I work all year," I say to them, "to keep candy away from my kids, and two hours of walking around the neighborhood on October 31 ruins my hard work."
In the living-learning community I co-direct, we leave Tootsie Rolls and Milky Ways out in a bowl for students to snack on when they come in for academic or life advice. In the residential hall where the living-learning community is housed, for our weekly coffee chats with members of the local community or university, we provide factory-made cookies from the Kroger supermarket chain and Cheetos. The best way to get faculty or students to attend a meeting or event, common advice goes, is to serve pizza.
Several times I've taught a course with the word "Eating" in its title. When I was at the University of Missouri at Columbia, the course was called "Eating Missouri." When I took a job at the University of Kentucky, the course became "Eating Kentucky." After reading Anthony Bourdain, Calvin Trillin, a profile of Whole Foods CEO John Mackey, and notable food critics and discussions, including exposés of the fast food industry and mass-produced food, students still came to class with chicken McNuggets, defrosted frozen pizzas, high-fructose corn syrup sweets, and Krispy Kreme donuts. At the four different universities that have employed me, a Subway has always been within walking distance.
Many colleagues drink 32-ounce sodas in the morning. Because of my reputation as someone who enjoys craft beer, when I'm visiting a campus for an invited talk, colleagues feel obligated to take me to a place that serves good beer. When I was on my campus visit at the University of Missouri seven years ago, colleagues took me to the local brewpub for dinner. After our last main conference in my field, I fretted over the long flight home from Las Vegas (beginning early in the morning and ending at night) and worried that I would not have time during the layover to purchase something to eat. To ease my fear of future hunger, I bought a vegetarian sandwich in the casino Subway.
I used to get excited about attending the dinners for guest speakers or job candidates. Free food. Free food at expensive restaurants. I've since grown tired of menus that offer only heavy meat dishes, overcooked lamb chops, bacon in everything, or scallops. The Chick-fil-A in our campus food court is "proudly" closed on Sundays. One Friday a month, the agriculture college hosts a food-related discussion for faculty and members of the community at 7:30 a.m. Local food is served for breakfast. Participants are encouraged to bring their own coffee mugs. I once gave a talk entitled "Menu Literacy" for the discussion.
I sometimes say that my casual conversational skills are limited to discussions of kids, food, and beer. My attempts to recruit job candidates often involve telling them how great the local farmer's market is and what kind of beer they will be able to buy if they move here. For some reason, I can host a catered event with local vendors in one building on campus, but in the building next door, I must use campus catering. In my previous job, because of budget cuts, the office I directed was no longer allowed to order $15 worth of cookies from a local bakery for board meetings that took place twice a month. In my previous job, I angered campus catering by complaining about the low-quality food they served during a "Writing Across the Curriculum" event I hosted. Campus catering at my current university won't allow me to invite a local Mexican food truck for a small event that would take place outside of the living-learning community residential hall.
I know I sound like a grump or food snob with these random observations. And I probably am as much of a food snob as I am a critic snob or rhetoric snob or teaching snob or snob of any other part of my professional life. Snobbery can simply mean valuing one thing over another to a significant, and sometimes hyperbolic, degree. I value eating.
Snobbery is not alien to academic discussion; we place value on any number of things we admire or teach. I've often wondered how cultural snobbery, often expressed by colleagues in regard to art, literature, music, or film, does not extend to gastronomy. I've often wondered how astute cultural critics or critics of the university are poor food critics. By that, I don't mean that we must decode every food representation we encounter in order to better understand ideology or power in the food industry. Instead, I wonder why, in our practices of everyday life, we succumb so easily to fast food, high-fructose corn syrup, chains, and other items instead of merely trying to eat outside of these problematic practices.
Pleasure, of course, is a powerful agent. Pleasure, of course, is at the heart of bad eating habits. And food writers such as Michael Pollan have demonstrated the ways fat , sugar, and salt compose and encourage a specific system of food pleasure, one encouraged by much of the fast food industry. None of us are beyond such pleasure, but that does not mean we must succumb to every instance that calls out to us.
Calvin Trillin's best effort at food critique was to declare, "I wouldn't throw rocks at it." My food pleasure is not another's food pleasure, I realize. And I have no desire to preach health-conscious food habits or mindful eating to my academic colleagues. I have no overall argument to make regarding what academics should or should not eat. I have no agenda to preach. My observations merely prompt me to ask: Why don't some academics eat well?
In asking that question, I am sketching some observations that include me, too. Among these observations I highlight, I also note that I support the local food movement known as "Kentucky Proud," and my wife and I try to buy most of our produce and meat from the Lexington Farmer's Market. But when on the road or on campus without coffee, we succumb to Starbucks, too. Among our food purchases, we buy for our kids Arthur Pasta, dehydrated cheese and pasta shaped like the popular PBS character. We are not beyond the commercialization of food either.
Bruno Latour has warned of "purification narratives," stories that try to portray some event, movement, or way of thinking as pure or without contradiction. Roland Barthes once noted that every text is made up of contradictions, what he referred to as the pleasure of the text. That I have ordered a coffee at Starbucks or bought a box of pasta named for a cartoon character might seem to be minor contradictions of my interest in local food or my series of somewhat critical observations. Minor or major, the contradictions no doubt reveal a larger crack in any kind of purification narrative of food I might want to portray. I'm sure there are more or larger cracks in my ideological stance. After all, even after he carefully decodes the industrial, meat industry in his New York Times essay "Power Steer," Michael Pollan confesses to not caring for grass-fed beef.
My point is only to trace a type of academic eating, a series of habits and practices that run counter, at times, to our professional practices and beliefs, that suggest an untapped pleasure of the text as we build elsewhere purification narratives regarding culture or texts. For good or for bad, many academic eating practices follow similar trajectories to one another as the banal and bland overpower the local and flavorful. Professionally, we are great critics: MOOCs, corporatization of education, adjunct labor, global conflict, a fiscal crisis here or there. What about bad eating?
One type of pleasure of the text might be the relentless critic who finds fault in every representation outside of the bag of Chick-fil-A in his hand. One might surmise from this lack of critical parallelism a lack, or crack, in the overall project of critique. French fries or diet soda, it seems, may be outside of critique, the behavior change that critique is meant to promote, or even basic awareness. Such an assumption goes far beyond my simple observations of eating in the university. I can only speculate in the meantime how critical practices might better shape food practices. Do you know what you are? Frank Zappa asked. You are what you is, he responded. Or, as the popular health saying goes, you are what you eat. Either way, not all academics eat well.
Jeff Rice is Martha B. Reynolds Professor of Writing, Rhetoric, and Digital Studies at the University of Kentucky.
Very seldom in writing about scholarly publishing have I had an occasion to use the word "fun" -- actually, this may be the first time -- but with a couple of recent titles, nothing else will do.
They are not frivolous books by any means. Sober and learned reviews by experts may appear in specialist journals two or three years from now, and they will be instructive. But the books in question should generate some interest outside the field of J. Redding Ware studies.
Nobody who appreciates the history and color of the English language can fail to enjoy the University of Oxford Bodleian Library's new facsimile edition of Ware's masterpiece, the invaluable Passing English of the Victorian Era: A Dictionary of Heterodox English, Slang, and Phrase. First published in 1909, shortly after Ware's death, it is now available as Ware's Victorian Dictionary of Slang and Phrase -- a title that is more marketable, perhaps, but decidedly wanting in precision. Most of the lingo it covers is Victorian, but the dictionary itself, appearing as it did in the final month of the king's life, is Edwardian. (A pedant's work is never done.) The new edition contains a valuable introduction by John Simpson, who retires this month as chief editor of the Oxford English Dictionary.
It covers almost everything currently known about Ware (i.e., not much) and assesses his contribution to lexicography, which was considerable. Ware's dictionary is cited in the OED more than 150 times, including "almost 50 times for the first recorded evidence for a word or meaning." My earlier reference to Ware studies was a bit of a stretch, since nobody has ever written a book about him, nor a dissertation -- nor even, it seems, a journal article devoted solely to his life or works. A couple of papers by Joyce scholars identify his dictionary as a source the novelist consulted while writing Ulysses. Simpson's introduction is the landmark in a nearly barren field.
Ware was born in 1832 and his first name was James, after his father, who was a grocer. In his teens the future author served a short jail sentence following a violent family quarrel, during which he grabbed a bacon knife and threatened to kill James the elder. He worked as mercantile clerk while writing his first novel, published in 1860. From that point on Ware seems to have eked out a hardscrabble existence along the lines George Gissing depicts in New Grub Street, cranking out fiction, journalism, and quite a few plays, along with a handbook on playing whist and a tourist's guide to the Isle of Wight.
Simpson unfortunately neglects to mention one other documented occasion when Ware went to court, seeking relief from a downstairs neighbor who played the piano at all hours. The outcome remains unclear but it seems no bacon-knife was involved.
Not quite a gentleman, then, nor by profession a scholar. Ware's dictionary was commissioned by Routledge as a supplement to another volume on colloquial English. "His lexicographical method is arguably modern," Simpson notes, "as he based his selection largely on printed evidence that he (and, one imagines, other interested parties) had collected principally from newspapers and other ephemeral sources… The latest quotations date from 1902, though the majority date from the 1880s and 1890s."
No don would have come up with what Simpson calls Ware's "idiosyncratic labeling system," which identifies the provenance of a given piece of slang through categories such as "Slums," "Italian Organ-Grinders," "Music Hall," or "Colloquial Imbecile." He clearly spent a good bit of time hanging around theaters and pubs, and "was painfully aware of changes in hairstyles and fashion generally over the decades, and can with the help of his printed evidence place the introduction of a new 'look' to a precise year."
Some of the expressions Ware includes have passed into accepted use. He identifies opportunism as a piece of political slang from the 1860s, explaining: "Used rather in contempt, as subserving conscience to convenience, or to personal advantage." It turns out that flappers -- young women of an immodest sort -- were on the scene well before the 1920s, And while Susan Sontag doesn't mention it in wrote her notes, Ware identified camp as an adjective applying to "actions and gestures of exaggerated emphasis," noting that it was "used chiefly by persons of exceptional want of character." By that Ware undoubtedly means sissies, "effeminate men in society," a term he indicates (citing an American newspaper) caught on in the 1890s.
I would have assumed the slang word narc -- pertaining to an informer, and used as both noun and verb -- derived from narcotics. Apparently not: copper's nark is defined as thieves' argot, also from the 1890s, meaning "a policeman's civilian spy." Ware indicates that police were called coppers from 1868 on, and you'd have found a copper-slosher ("individual with the mania for 'going for' policemen") hanging around a copper's shanty, as the station house was known. A working-class person thought to be blustering risked the taunt "Copper! Copper!" – implying that he was "giving himself the airs of police authority."
But where did cop itself come from? "There has been more discussion over this widely applied word than any other in the kingdom of phrase," writes Ward in one of his longer entries. It is incredibly polysemic, meaning "taken, seized, thrashed, struck, caught by disease, well-scolded, discovered in cheating," and could also be used as a verb meaning "to take too much to drink" (hence copping the brewery). Thunderous applause for an especially good show at a music hall show would cop the curtain, so that the performer could take a bow.
The vast majority of Ware's 4,000 entries define expressions that vanished without a trace. Hence his original title: "passing English" comes and goes. It's the vigor of language that drives the vitality of the book.
One craze of the 1880s was corpse-worship – "the extreme use of flowers at funerals" – which got so bad that by the '90s "many death notices in the press were followed by the legend 'No flowers.' " Slang words often come from the contraction of common expressions; for example, damirish, "damned Irish," and damfino, "I am damned if I know."
Nobody still describes an egg gone bad as suitable for electioneering purposes (derived from "the exercise of projecting them at antagonistic candidates") and the culture is all the poorer for it. Then again, it's a relief that suggestionize -- an old bit of legal jargon meaning "to prompt," as with a witness – never caught on. Now if we could just euthanize "finalize."
Decades before the birth of Jerry Garcia, deadhead was the entertainment-industry label for an audience member who got in without buying a ticket. It applied to critics and "'theatrical people'… [who] never pay to enter a theatre." Ware, as a playwright, resented them, and the dictionary vents his frustration in an amusing manner:
"The experienced eye can always divide the deadheads from the 'plank-downers' in a theatre. The deadheads are always dressed badly, and give themselves airs when looking at the inferior parts of the house. The plank-downers never give themselves airs, mean business, and only look at the stage. Deadheads are very emphatically described by a theatrical official: 'Here come two more deadheads; look at their boots.'"
Many entries are no doubt the only record of a term or catchphrase, and in some cases the lexicographer can just guess what they originally signified. Who stole the goose? is an "interjection of contempt, which appears to have some hidden meaning, probably of an erotic nature." in the case of Who took it out of you?, Ware doesn't even try. The meaning is "wholly unknown to people not absolutely of lower class."
Of comparable subaltern origins, but easier to understand, is the slang term label for sausage: bags o' mystery. That one should come back into circulation. Its use could be extended to the hot dog.
Speaking of mystery, another book recently reissued in facsimile is Andrew Forrester, Jr.'s The Female Detective, a collection of short fiction from 1864, reprinted by the British Library and distributed in the U.S. by the University of Chicago Press. A digital edition is available from Amazon.
You can find the book online in PDF for free -- which is also true with Ware's dictionary, although Simpson's introduction is not to be missed. With The Female Detective, the new material consists of a foreword by Alexander McCall Smith (best known for his No. 1 Ladies Detective Agency novels, but also the author of What W.H. Auden Can Do For You, just out from Princeton University Press) and an introduction by Mike Ashley, whose books include a biography of Algernon Blackwood.
The Female Detective is offered as a collection of reports from the files of the elusive Miss G----- (she is nothing if not discreet) as edited by Forrester. The detective's "casebook" was a very popular genre at the time, part of the "railroad literature" that sprang up to meet the demand of commuters. Forrester later wrote at least two more such collections, but his place in the history of the genre comes from having created Miss G---- (a.k.a. Mrs. Gladden), the first female professional detective in fiction. Kathleen Gregory Klein devoted several pages to the book in The Woman Detective: Gender & Genre (University of Illinois Press, 1988) and puzzlement over Forrester's identity – was it a pseudonym? – has echoed down the scholarship ever since.
It now seems very likely that the author was, in fact, J. Redding Ware. Simpson accepts it as credible in his introduction to the dictionary, as does Mike Ashley in the opening pages of the short-story collection. The identification was proposed by Kate Summerscale in the notes to her nonfiction novel The Suspicions of Mr. Whicher: A Shocking Murder and the Undoing of a Great Victorian Detective (2008). In researching her book, Summerscale noticed that Ware published a pamphlet about the crime in question: a child murder that occurred in a country house in 1860. (The circumstances are oddly reminiscent of the JonBenet Ramsey case.) He seems to have incorporated the text into a chapter of The Female Detective.
Mrs. Gladden had keen powers of observation and deduction, and a reader can't help thinking of the much better-remembered private eye who came on the scene later in Victoria's reign. Ware must have felt that Arthur Conan Doyle had stolen his thunder – though that seems like a rather peculiar phrase, come to think of it.
Wade lists it in his dictionary, explaining that it means "annexing another man's idea, or work, without remunerating him, and to your own advantage." It was first used, he writes, by one John Dennis, "a play-writer of the 17th century, who invented stage thunder for a piece of his own which failed." The theater manager incorporated the technique in the production of someone else's play, prompting the enraged Dennis to yell out, "They won't act my piece, but they steal my thunder."
I hope J. Redding Ware studies comes into its own, or at least that others discover him. How often is it worth reading a dictionary just for the stories?
Originally published in France in 1989 and now arriving in English translation from Yale University Press, Arlette Farge's The Allure of the Archives is a little gem of a book. A diamond, perhaps, given both its clarity and the finesse with which it's been cut and set. It is an unmistakable classic: one of the great memoirs of the silent, day-to-day drama of research.
Yet it is not the story of a career. A reader unfamiliar with her name will soon enough recognize that Farge specializes in 18th century social history. (She is director of research in modern history at the Centre Nationale de la Recherche Scientifique, in Paris.) One of her endnotes refers to the volume she published in collaboration with Michel Foucault in 1982, two years before the philosopher's death. It was an edition of selected lettres de cachet from the files of the Bastille. (In A Tale of Two Cities, Dickens portrays the notorious legal instrument as one of the aristocracy's corrupting privileges, but Farge and Foucault showed that it was disturbingly easy for an ordinary person to take one out against a family member.)
Many an over-active ego has turned to autobiography on far slimmer grounds than that. But in spite of its personal and even intimate tone, The Allure of the Archives is never primarily about the author herself. She instead writes about a subjectivity that exists only upon entering the reading room – or perhaps while trying to find it during the first visit.
As much as an institution, the archive is, for Farge, the site of a distinct array of experiences. It is defined by rules, habits, worries (especially with fragile documents), and a kind of ambient awkwardness that she evokes perfectly. "The silence of the archives," she writes, "is created out of looks that linger but do not see, or gazes that stare blindly. No one escapes these wandering eyes, not even the most obstinate reader, his face clouded by work."
In the midst of that tense, watchful silence, the patrons jockey for prime desk space, or drive each other to distraction with coughs and nervous tics. Locating the documents you want requires initiation into the cabala of archival reference numbers. Even if you have one, it "often will only direct the reader to another serial number that will itself only give access to a new series where other serial numbers await." For guidance, one must turn to the superintendent of the reading room: "She reigns, gives advice that bears a strong resemblance to orders, speaks very loudly, and does not understand what she does not wish to understand, all the while constantly ruffling the pages of her morning newspaper."
Her descriptions are very true to life, even an ocean away from the French archives she has in mind. The part about reference numbers may sound like comic exaggeration. It isn't, or at least it corresponds to my last visit to the Library of Congress manuscript collection some years ago.
But all of it is just the setting for the necromancy of research – calling up men and women who are long dead and utterly forgotten, speaking for the first time in two or three hundred years. The dossiers Farge explored in her research consisted of police and judicial records as well as reports to His Majesty on what the rabble of Paris were doing and saying from week to week. A whole layer of informers – called in slang mouches, "flies" – kept track of rumors and complaints making the rounds. (They were, in effect, flies on the wall.) Also in the files are slanderous and subversive posters with traces of grit clinging to the back after the authorities ripped them down.
Police interrogations (transcribed for use during an investigation, then filed away and eventually warehoused) document the everyday happenings, criminal and otherwise, of urban life. Most of those speaking left no other account of their lives. Nor could they; even those who could read a little had not always learned to write. Having become accustomed to reading the faded or erratically punctuated documents, the researcher may undergo a sort of rapture: "the sheer pleasure of being astonished by the beauty of the texts and the overabundance of life brimming in so many ordinary lives."
At that point, a danger becomes evident: "You can begin to forget that writing history is actually a kind of intellectual exercise, one for which fascinated recollection is just not enough…. Whatever the project is, work in the archives requires a triage, separation of documents. The question is what to take and what to leave." And the researchers answers it by coming to recognize the patterns that emerge from one document to the next: the unstated assumptions made by those on either side of the interrogation, the changes in tone or preoccupation recorded over time.
The historian learns to frame questions that the archive knows how to answer – while remaining open to the secrets and surprises to be found in the boxes of paper that haven't been delivered to her desk yet.
"In the archives," Farge writes, "whispers ripple across the surface of silence, eyes glaze over, and history is decided. Knowledge and uncertainty are ordered through an exacting ritual in which the color of the note cards, the strictness of the archivists, and the smell of the manuscripts are trail markers in this world where you are always a beginner." Farge's memoir is adamantine: sharp, brilliant, perfect, and created to last.
They are an important responsibility, but you don't need to agree every time you are asked, writes Nate Kreuter.
About this time of year one invariably reads fulsome, even orgiastic essays by academics professing the exhilaration and sense of joy they feel on the first day of class each August or September. In so doing, they often blather on about limitless possibilities and rituals of renewal, etc., and wax on about frisson A and epiphany B on the quad.
I must admit that my experience is quite different. Whereas for many professors the beginning of the academic year is a time of excitement and anticipation, for me it is — indeed, has been for the 30-plus years I've been teaching at the university level — a time of melancholy, even gloom. Indeed, late August/early September marks the peak period of my annual bout of SAD. To most clinicians, SAD denotes "seasonal affective disorder," a condition in which normally well-adjusted people experience a range of depressive symptoms, but for me SAD means "student affective disorder." Same symptoms, different etiology.
Around the beginning of August -- even earlier now -- I begin to suffer the symptoms: heightened anxiety; enervation; difficulty concentrating; social withdrawal; increased irritability; nausea. Over time, I've found that the reason for the onset of such conditions is the looming return of STUDENTS into my life.
It is not August, but the end of the exam period in May that elicits in me a sense of joy and limitless possibilities. Only when my grades are turned in, the seniors graduated, and the dorms emptied out do I begin to feel a sense of excitement and anticipation and the possibility for renewal. For it is only then that I can focus on research and writing without the threat of being interrupted by tedious office hours, middle-of-the night phone calls, and "urgent" e-mails ("Can I get an extension on my book review?"), not to mention lectures, seminars, grading, meetings, committee work, etc., etc.
Rather, with May comes "summer break" and the tantalizing possibility of finally honoring long overdue writing commitments, of making headway on a scholarly monograph, and of thinking deeply about new projects down the line. If sufficiently lucky, it might mean a trip or two to an archive to immerse oneself in source materials one has waited months, if not years to dive into. And it might even give one a chance to attend a conference, present a paper, and get some useful feedback from experts in one's field. Talk about renewal!
But, alas, before one knows it, August comes around. David M. Shribman recently wrote a beautiful essay in The Wall Street Journal entitled "Whatever Happened to August?," an elegiac piece lamenting that August, once the Platonic ideal of summer, has been turned into a "month of work, school and calendars run amok." Nowhere is this more true than at universities. At colleges and universities across the land, the ecological system in town begins to become student-centric earlier and earlier each year, with suck-up seniors, jaded juniors, sophomoric sophs, eager-beaver fresh-faced frosh transforming the placid summer landscape on campus into a crowded cacophonous mob scene.
Even worse, by then the seemingly "limitless possibilities" for summer, the best-laid plans, the hopes and dreams have all been dashed. Some of the overdue commitments are still outstanding. Progress has been made on the unfinished monograph, but it still sucks. The trips to the archives brought disappointing results. The professional meetings were as boring as ever. And now the students are back. Any wonder that I get depressed?
To make things even worse, it seems more and more as though "summer break" is over just after the 4th of July. That's when the first, vague symptoms of SAD begin to appear. They accelerate through July and peak about the third week of August when classes begin, at which time I feel like I'm about to embark on the academic equivalent of a death march.
Funny, though, every year the symptoms recede. Gradually, I adapt to the new ecology and again find my niche. By mid-to-late September — usually a few weeks after Labor Day — the symptoms are gone and I begin to feel like myself. The "new" landscape has been naturalized. I again begin to appreciate students — the putative causes of my seasonal plague — suck-up seniors, jaded juniors, sophomoric sophs, fresh-faced frosh all.
Peter A. Coclanis is Albert R. Newsome Distinguished Professor of History and director of the Global Research Institute at the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill.
Graduate students at the University of Michigan object to details -- including the rent -- of a new residence hall funded by billionaire alum.
A key task in the job search is figuring out whether you and the institution are a good match, writes Cheryl E. Ball.
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DIY Chocolate Olympic Medals10:21 AMC Riches
DIY Chocolate Olympic Medals TutorialIngredients and Materials - Makes approximately 6 medals
DIY Chocolate Olympic Medal Party Favors
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- AnonymousJuly 17, 2012 at 5:44 PM
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Birthdays on March 31
Many readers ask The Old Farmer's Almanac what happened on their birthday–or the birthday of a loved one.. To help out, we've put together an everything-birthdays page! Find fun birthday facts, birthday history, folklore, and more!
Birthday Lore
Birthday Weather
What was the weather like on the day that you or a loved one was born? See our free Weather History tool to go back in time!
What about the weather forecast for a future birthday? Check out our long-range weather forecasts for your location.
Signs of the Zodiac
The Ram. Ruling planet: Mars. Element: Fire. Quality: Assertiveness. Ability: Leadership.You are the initiators of the zodiac. Dashing hither and yon (you are always in a hurry),you rush fearlessly ahead with little regard for your own safety. You like to be first in all that you do, and you are happiest when sharing your new discoveries with your friends. Willing to begin conversations with total strangers, you usually have many friends.
Source: www.yourlovesigns.com
This Day in History
1751: William Pigott opened first inn in Nova Scotia (in Halifax)
2005: A herd of buffalo got loose and wandered around an upscale neighborhood in Maryland, disrupting traffic and alarming homeowners before police officers managed to corral them in a tennis court
1865: Confederate general Robert E. Lee surrendered to Union general Ulysses S. Grant at Appomattox Court House, Virginia


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Blues Eyeing Histon Pair
Friday, 22nd Feb 2013 10:00
Town are keeping an eye on Histon youngsters Nick Freeman and Matty Waters, according to reports in Cambridgeshire. Winger Freeman, 17, has spent the week on trial with Norwich City with the Stutes waiting to discover whether the Canaries want to sign him.
Freeman and striker Waters, 18, have played for the Blue Square Bet North side's U18s this season but are already regulars in their senior squad and attracting interest from clubs much further up the pyramid.
Stutes assistant boss Brian Page told the Cambridge News that they are waiting to hear whether Norwich want to sign Freeman and loan him back to them for the rest of the season: "If he went there it would be up to them.
"If they said, 'He can still play for you for the rest of the season', then we'd snap their hand off, of course."
The Blues are understood to want to take the pair on trial if the wideman doesn't join the Canaries.
Town youngster Byron Lawrence, who made his debut for the first team at Doncaster on the final day of last season, is a former Histon youth player having joined the Blues as a schoolboy.
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Sam Allardyce – The Sensible Choice? by realprojection
My view of Sam Allardyce is heavily influenced by the most exciting match I've ever watched. Ipswich's 5-3 (AET) defeat of Bolton in a play-off semi-final second leg in May 2000.
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No, not the referendum – although don't get me started on that can of worms, I mean the constant disappointment of the national team at… well, the national game.
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Truth Revolt | What planet is he living on?
The Daily Sheeple | "Where will this stop?"
New American | The battle goes to the passionate, is so often the case.
Sputnik | The new spyware Trojan virus recently approved by Germany's Interior Ministry may actually steal personal photos and notes stored on Germans' phones and laptops.
Truth Revolt | So much for free speech.
Breitbart | D.C. police investigators said they took a 17-year-old male and a 17-year-old female into custody and charged them with aggravated assault and robbery, respectively.
Steve Watson | "I'm beginning to think the Daily News doesn't like Donald Trump."
Breitbart | After an initial false report that she had been assaulted by "foreigners and Germans alike," she revised her story.
Daily Caller | It's illegal to offend people.
The Oregonian | Bundy, 74, was booked into the downtown Multnomah County jail at 10:54 p.m.
Kit Daniels | Social media giant organizing "Trust & Safety Council" with Islamists and feminists.
Michael Snyder | They want to create fear, and they want to get as much media attention as possible.
Adan Salazar | Social media, online journalism, blogs, web searches, comment sections could all be affected…
Louder With Crowder | If Obama doesn't even think it's a threat then neither should you. He knows best. You're an idiot. Probably a racist, too.
Adan Salazar | Assignment included lesson which had students recite, "There is no god but Allah and Muhammad is the messenger of Allah."
Washington Post | The information was contained in 22 emails, across seven email chains.
RT | Washington is destabilizing Europe "on purpose."
Washington Times | The 13 "Islamist-inspired" attacks and plots uncovered in 2015 were more than the previous three years combined.
London Telegraph | Reports flood in of sexual assaults against women across Germany as leaked police report states Cologne suspects 'claimed to be Syrian refugees'.
Michael Krieger | Just when you thought the TSA couldn't possibly get any worse…
Campus Reform | Prof. Gary Gutting published an op-ed in The New York Times linking lenient gun laws in America to racism.
Politico | For the first time health providers can disclose the information to the background check system without legal repercussions.
Daily Caller | "Wanted to be sure you were aware of this story…"
Bizpac Review | Families have reported hearing something very different from engine noises when the sound is triggered.
RT | "There are many allegations he was behind the killing of Anna Politkovskaya."
Zero Hedge | "They took a bad bill, and they made it worse."
Truth Revolt | Don't know the whereabouts of those kicked out over security.
Campus Reform | "I, Joseph Kuilema, am certainly a racist."
Gallup | A new low of 55%.
The Hill | Nearly eight in 10 Americans — 79 percent — say a terrorist attack is "very or somewhat likely in the next few months."
Daily Caller | Called for supporters of GOP presidential hopeful Donald Trump to be shot.
Louder With Crowder | He's facing jail time for threatening to blow up a MP's house.
Michael Krieger | The faux "liberal" who holds the White House was at it once again last night.
Daily Beast | In 2015, tech billionaires pursued anti-aging and cheating death like never before.
BuzzFeed News | Speaking at Muslim Advocate's 10th anniversary dinner, the attorney general said, "We cannot give in to the fear that these backlashes are really based on."
National Review | One of the shooting suspects passed the Department of Homeland Security's "counterterrorism screening as part of her vetting" for a visa.
Campus Reform | "Introduction to Fat Studies" will not engage "fatness" as a social or medical problem.
Louder With Crowder | Only leftists can get upset when someone wasn't shot.
London Telegraph | An Italian headmaster has been forced to resign after he scrapped his school's Christmas carol concert following the Paris attacks.
RT | The NSA is ready to move ahead with a different program.
Sydney Telegraph | Australian Army chaplains have had the motto on their hat badges since 1913.
Michael Krieger | Just in case you have any doubt about what a Hillary presidency would look like…
London Guardian | The official said Mostefai entered Turkey in 2013 and there is no record of him leaving the country.
RT | The series of apparent Islamic State attacks in Paris can be compared to the 2001 destruction of the WTC towers in the US, says Jack Rice.
Daily Caller | Salon tops itself for most awful Tweet ever with this Paris attack reaction.
Mikael Thalen | Female officers outraged after treated equally to male counterparts.
Adan Salazar | Effort to form more "inclusive" student government bans words "he," "she," "his" and "her."
Truth Revolt | Meanwhile, U.S. professors are shredding the actual Constitution.
Paul Craig Roberts | The consequences of the deceit, gullibility, and betrayal are horrendous for Americans.
Christina Sarich | Why are we arresting people over raw milk?


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Relevant offers
A project to rejuvenate Bluff is progressing well thanks to the efforts of a community eager to make their town beautiful.
The Bluff 2024 Urban Rejuvenation Project was initiated after Venture Southland and the Invercargill City Council mooted the idea of creating groups to rejuvenate small towns two years ago.
Rejuvenation committee chairman Steve Mitchell said the project was going well.
Money raised from scratchie boards and a rock concert in the town hall last year had gone towards rejuvenating the township, "making it so people arriving in town feel as though they are arriving somewhere".
So far they have held working bees to clean up Bluff's streets, called "Adopt a Street" and the car park along Ocean Beach on private land has been revitalised too.
Mitchell said the owners were having trouble with people dumping rubbish, so with the owners' and committee's help, they had cleaned it up and planned to paint a mural on the concrete wall.
Rock walls have also had paua shells embedded into them, adding something extra to the town. Their biggest projects to date, however, are the mural painted on the main street, and the "Adopt a Highway" stretching from the entrance of Bluff to approximately 800 metres towards Invercargill.
Native plants had also been lined along the roadside leading out of Bluff, a project which had involved about 20 committee members.
Landscaping would continue, and travellers to Bluff could soon enjoy a grand entranceway into a bustling and stunning little town with so much to offer.
"It's a great thing and we're hoping by 2024 when we celebrate our bicentenary that we will have the whole entrance cleaned up and will have attacked some other projects," Mitchell said.
- Invercargill Eye
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Bridge design standards of different countries specify design loads which are meant to reflect or simulate the worst loading that can be caused on the bridge by traffic permitted and expected to pass over it. The specified bridge design loads take into account the regulations governing the weights and sizes of vehicles as well as the mixture of heavy and light vehicles, carriageway width and bridge spans.
For example, short spans, say up to 10m for bending moments and 6m for shear force, are governed by single axles or bogies with closely spaced multiple axles. The worst loading for spans over 20m is often caused by more than three vehicles. The worst vehicles are often the medium weight compact vehicles with two axles and not the heaviest vehicles with four, five or six axles. The criteria thus change from axle loads to worst vehicles as the span increases, with the mixture of vehicles in the traffic being an important factor for the longer spans.
When axles or single vehicles are the worst case, the effect of impact has to be allowed for, but several closely spaced vehicles represent a jam situation without significant impact. The adjacent lanes of short span bridges may all be loaded simultaneously with the worst axles or vehicles, but this is less likely for long span. There is the growing problem of illegal overweight vehicles weighing as much as 40% over their legal limits to deal with. We shall now see how some of the design codes specify and apply the primary live loads. We shall consider examples from the United Kingdom and the United States of America.
2.3.1 Design Live Loads in the UK In the United Kingdom, bridge design loading is specified in the Department of Transport Standard, BD37/88, which is the composite version of BS 5400 Part 2: 1978. BD 37/88 incorporates all the amendments that were to be made to the BS, due to changes observed in the normal traffic on most British roads, before joining the EU. The Standard refers to normal primary traffic loading as Type HA and abnormal vehicles as Type HB.
3. .2. All bridges should be designed to resist this loading. (The knife edge load is an attempt to model the effect of a single localized heavy axle and is placed on the span where its effect is maximized for bending and shear).1.1 HA Loading HA loading is represented by a theoretical loading model consisting of a uniformly distributed load (HAU) combined with a Knife-edge load (HAK) of 120 kN per lane placed across the width of each notional lane.
is represented as a curve whose equation is W = 336 (1/L)2/3 of lane for loaded length in the direction of traffic up to 50m and W = 36 (1/L)1/10 of lane for loaded length in direction of traffic between 50m and 1600m.The uniformly distributed lane loading. W for L > 1600 m should be agreed with the appropriate authority. . W per linear metre of lane.
e. the loading represents the effects of closely spaced vehicles of 24t laden weight. i.On loaded lengths of up to 30m. This longitudinal attenuation of loads is an attempt to model the real-life situation where the intensity of the 24t vehicles is likely to decrease as the loaded length increases. Above this figure. the intensity gradually decreases to a constant value for loaded lengths of 380m or more. trucks. .
No separate calculation is required for impact as the standard loadings given include a 25% impact allowance. provided that enough axles and wheels are present to distribute the load so that the effects are the same.The dynamic effect of moving vehicles on a bridge arises from imperfections in the surfacing. and the vehicles¶ suspension systems. the short duration of loading. It should be noted that the HA loading curves cater for vehicles up to a gross weight of 40t. .
1N/mm2. .2.1 Primary Single Wheel Load A single wheel load (HAW) of 100KN can be placed on small areas of roadway to replace the effects of HAU and HAK.3. The contact area of the wheel on the road surface is uniformly distributed over a circle of 340mm or a square of side 300mm giving a contact stress of 1.1.1.
It is frequently applied to the top slabs between longitudinal beams in order to calculate the local effect of wheel loads. .This form of HA loading is used where the distribution of loads is small and so a member may be required to take virtually the full weight of a wheel.
8m and the distance between the pair of axles is variable.2 HB (Primary Abnormal) Loads The primary abnormal load is represented by a sixteen-wheeled vehicle with four axles. The base unit is 10kN per axle. This is termed the HB vehicle and is shown in Fig.1.2.3. . Each pair of axles has a constant spacing of 1. Thus 25 units of HB is equivalent to an axle load of 25 x 10 =250KN. each having four wheels. The weight of the vehicle is defined as a number of units dependent upon the expected gross axle load.
(On long bridges the occupied lane is assumed clear for 25m ahead and behind the vehicle.As such vehicles travel slowly. no impact allowance is made. with normal HA loading occupying the remainder). it is reasonable to assume that they occupy a single traffic lane alone. Also. . since movement of such vehicles usually involves a police escort.
but on the road bridges having footpaths.3 Primary Footway Loading A crowd loading of 5kN/m2 should be considered on footbridges. the loading on the footpath is 4kN/m2.1. the footway loading is decreased to (5K) kN/m2 where K = HAU lane loading for appropriate loaded length (in kN/m) x 10 L + 270 .2.3. On loaded lengths greater than 36m.
and assumes that the traffic in one lane brakes simultaneously over the entire loaded length. There is considerable evidence to suggest that the force is dissipated to a considerable extent in plan. The effect is considered as a longitudinal force applied at the road surface.2. . and for most concrete and composite shallow deck structures it is reasonable to consider the load spread over the entire width of the deck.3.1.4 Secondary Braking Loads This is considered as a group effect as far as HA loads are concerned.
The braking of an HB vehicle is an isolated effect distributed evenly between eight wheels of two axles only of the vehicle and is dissipated as for the HA load. The significance of the braking load on the structure is twofold. namely. .
thus increasing the bending moments in the stem and footings.The design of the bridge abutments or piers where it is applied as an horizontal load at bearing level. and The design of the bridge bearings if composed of an elastomeric bearing resisting horizontal loading shear. .
The Code design loads are shown below Braking Loads Traffic Load HA 8KN /m of loaded length + 250kN ( but 750KN) HB Nominal HB load x 0.25 .
1. Collision Loads Part Load Parapet Supports 1.5 Secondary Skidding Load This is an accidental load consisting of a single point load of 250 KN acting horizontally in any direction at the road surface in a single notional lane.2.3.4 KN/m See Table 15 of Standard . It is considered to act with the primary HA loading in combination 4 only.
BD 37/88 gives the centrifugal load as Fc=40.3.000/(r+150) .5 Secondary Centrifugal Loads These loads are important only on elevated curved superstructures with a radius of less than 1000m supported on slender piers.1.2.
3. they are average values generally accepted as representative of the particular load being applied) and must be multiplied by partial safety factors in order to obtain design loads at either the serviceability or ultimate limit state.1. These are specified in Table 1 of Standard BD 37/88. A summary is given in the table.6 Partial Safety Factors All loads specified in Standard BD 37/88 are nominal (that is. .2.
2.7 Load Combinations Not all of the loads can realistically be considered to act simultaneously. and Standard BD 37/88 specifies five combinations considered µreasonable¶ for design purposes.3. .1.
The secondary combinations are not to be considered as having less importance than the principal ones.There are three principal combinations (1 to 3) and two secondary combinations (4 and 5) . though they are generally not critical in the design of short to medium span bridges. .
consists of combination 1 loads with effects arising from temperature changes and any erection loads .consists of combination 1 loads. wind loads and temporary erection loads Combination 3.consists of permanent loads and appropriate primary live loads Combination 2.Combination 1.
but each load is taken with its appropriate primary live load Combination 5 ± consists of permanent loads and due to friction at the bearings . The secondary live loads are considered separately.Combination 4 ± consists of permanent loads and secondary live loads.
For most short to medium span bridges combination 1 usually governs design at the ultimate limit state. For the dead loads.2 & 3. superimposed dead load Clauses 3.3 of Standard BD 37/88 should be consulted. .2.2. 4 and 5 at the serviceability state. checks are then carried for combinations 3.
8 Application of Traffic Loads The live load is applied to the carriageway within notional lanes which do not necessarily correspond to the user traffic lanes.1.2. The following definitions apply.- . The reason for this is not clear.3.
Carriageway (cl. Carriageway width is the width between raised kerbs.2) The lanes that are marked on running surface of the bridge and are normally used by traffic . Traffic Lanes (cl. hard shoulders.1) The carriageway is that part of the running surface which includes all traffic lanes. 220.127.116.11.9. hard strips and marker strips.2.
3 >10.8m.95m -------.25m up to and including 21.4 >14.25m ----.0m up to and including 7.6 Generally.126.96.36.199 m -----------.60m up to and including 18. The carriageway is divided into the least possible integral number of notional lanes having equal width as follows: 5.2 >7.90m ----.95m up to and including 14.3) The notional parts of the carriageway used solely for the purpose of the applying the specified live loads. number of notional lanes = carriageway width / 3.8 rounded up to the nearest integer. .5m up to and including 10.60m ----.5 >18.3m ± 3.Notional Lanes (cl. Notional lanes fall in the range of 2.
is a factor which accounts for the attenuation of traffic loading in the transverse direction.1 HA Loading Alone The full HA is applied to the first two notional lanes (cl.6. . except where otherwise specified by the authority. HAK is applied once in the loaded length.1. Further information is given in Table 14 of the Standard BD 37/88.1) in the appropriate parts of the influence line for the element or member under consideration and HA applied to all other lanes.220.127.116.11.
3.8.4. 6.1.2) Figure 13 of Standard BD 37/88 describes how to combine HA and HB loading for global analysis ..2 HA and HB Combined (cl.
25 1.3.10 1.00 1.4 6. 3 6.7 6.5 1.2.5 18.104.22.168 1.10 1.50 1.3 1.00 1.25 188.8.131.52 7.00 HB Traction/Braking HA HB Skidding Footway/ Cycle track 4 4 4 1 2.7 6.10 1.00 .00 1.25 1.LOAD FACTORS.20 1. fl LOAD COMBINATION CLAUSE ULS SLS Primary live loads HA 1 2.7.30 1.3.5 6.00 1.1. 3 6. 3 1 2.3 7.00 1.4 1.
.2.3.2 US Specification and Loading Systems In the United States. all of which must be considered separately with a constant lane load of 9. highway loads are based on the American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials (AASHTO) Standard Specification for Highway Bridges 1996. The specification stipulates two truck loading systems and a tandem (a pair of axles) of the military type. which is irrespective of loaded length.3kN/m.
1.2m to 20m).184.108.40.206 Truck Loading Systems The truck loading is divided into classes: the H loadings and the HS loading. both of which are shown in Fig 3. . the HS loadings represent a twoaxle tractor and a single axle semi-trailer combination with variable spacing between the two rear axles (4.1. The H loadings represent an idealized standard two-axle truck.
Each truck loading system consists of two vehicles: the H system has the HL15-93 and the HL20-93 trucks. . while the HS system has the HLS 15-93 and HLS 20-93 trucks.2m apart. each weighing 110kN. The tandem loading consist of a pair of axles which are 1. and the affix indicates the year the loading was specified. The number following the standard truck specification HL or HLS refers to the gross weight of the truck in tons. In the Fig. W represents the total weight of the truck and load in ton for the HL trucks or the loaded weight of the tractor in the HLS loading.
whichever produces the greatest stress. .93 loading or the tandem loading.3.2. For other highways that may carry heavy truck traffic the minimum live load shall be HLS 15-93.2 Selection of Loadings The AASHTO specifications provide that bridges supporting interstate highways shall be designed for HLS 20.2.
Each loading shall be considered as a unit.3 Application of Loadings The lane together with standard truck or tandem loading shall be assumed to occupy a width of 3. each equal to one half the roadway width.2.2. . Roadway widths from 6m to 7.2m shall have two design lanes. and fractional load-lane widths or fractional trucks shall not be used.6m wide design traffic lanes spaced across the entire bridge roadway in numbers and positions required to produce the maximum stress.0m.3. These loads shall be placed in 3.
65 .Where maximum stresses are produced in any member by loading any number of traffic lanes simultaneously.0 Three lanes 0.2 Two lanes 1. the following multiple presence factors are to be used to modify the live load stresses according to the number of design traffic lanes: Single lane 1.85 Four lanes and above 0.
. The minimum distance between the wheels of two adjacent trucks is 1.The multiple presence factor takes account of the improbable coincidence of the design truck being present in all the lanes at the same time.2m. The minimum distance from the centre of the wheel to the face of parapet is 300mm.
3. Dsta is the static deflection under live loads.2. This is taken care of by an impact factor called dynamic load allowance (DLA) defined as DLA=Ddyn / Dsta Where.2. and Ddyn is the additional dynamic deflection under live loads.4 Dynamic Effects Dynamic effects due to irregularities in the road surface and different suspension systems magnify the static effects of the live loads. .
.33 typical for truck loading) Values of DLA are given in the AASHTO Specification for individual bridge components. (1.Dynamic live load effect = (static live load effect) x (1+DLA).
The braking force is placed in all design lanes. . the braking force shall be taken as the greater of 25% of the axle weight of the design truck or design tandem OR 5% of the design truck plus lane load or 5% of the design tandem plus lane load. with traffic heading in the same direction.5 Longitudinal Loads According to the specifications.3. which are considered to be loaded.2.2.
The forces are assumed to act horizontally at a height 1.8m above the roadway surface in either longitudinal direction to cause the extreme force effects. .
2. .3.2.6 Partial Load Factors Design is carried out based on either permissible stresses or limit state philosophy with partial safety factors. The following factors were obtained from work carried out for the Federal Highway Administration [1] based on AASHTO-LRFD (Load and Resistance Factor Design) Specification.
2.3.9 0.65 (FWS = Future Wearing Surface) .75 Surfacing (FWS) 22.214.171.124 Beneficial 0.1 Load Factors Load Adverse Parapet / Slab 1.25 Live Load 1.
2.6.9 18.104.22.168 (vehicular collision with parapets) .2 Strength limit state Extreme Resistance Factor 0.
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Woven Wednesday: Free Shipping on 1+ Yards of any woven fabrics through 11:59 p.m. EDT July 27th.
Preview scale: 8.0 x 8.0 inches

Change DPI Base size is 150
Designs by kezia
floral (30444),
pink (26507),
white (18280),
leaves (11945),
grey (8226)
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kezia says:
Aw thank you Jill! Cocktails and marshmallows sound like my kind of fun! :)
Posted over 2 years ago.
jill_o_connor says:
I super adore this one. I want to wear all your fabrics and drink cocktails and eat marshmallows!
kezia says:
Thanks Isabella.. I'm fond of this one too!
Posted almost 5 years ago.
inscribed_here says:
The delicate colourway works beautifully in this gorgeous design!
© 2008-2015 Spoonflower Inc


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Dr. King posits a theory on a battle between "semi-intelligent religion" and "irreligious intelligence."
Mr. Stovin praises Dr. King for his nonviolent approach towards achieving peace.
Dr. King encourages friends to support nonviolence in order to avoid physical or moral destruction. He explains that the, "SCLC cannot support riots for moral and pragmatic reasons."
Senator Joseph S. Clark informs Dr. King of the passage of the Civil Rights Act of 1964 and expresses his gratitude for Dr. King's support.
Dora McDonald forwards a letter from Jessie Owens to Attorney Israel M. Augustine concerning potential legal counsel. Owens sought help concerning money and furniture that were taken from him.
Dr. King defines the doctrine monarchianism as "a doctrine stressing the unity of the Godhead as against the ultimately prevailing tendency to affirm personal distinctions within the Godhead."
Carey McWilliams writes to Dr. King to inform him his article, "Let Justice Roll Down," was included in the American Journal, a publication by the US Information Service aimed at representing opinions and current subjects of interest in the United States. This edition, published in 1965, was he 5th year in a row Dr. King had contributed an article describing the tempo of the Civil Rights Movement in the United States.
Dr. King commends Mr. Shriver and the Office of Economic Opportunity for funding the Southwest Alabama Farmers Cooperative Association. Dr. King asserts that this decision is a positive step in the War on Poverty that will directly affect countless numbers of impoverished people.
Dr. King received this formal invitation to attend and be seated on the dais at The Family of Man Award Dinner in honor of General Dwight D. Eisenhower, at the Hotel Astor on 10/28/64.
Percy A. Blackburn refers to a previous letter Alice Bucher, president of S. J. Bucher Ltd. Lucerne sent Ed Clayton, SCLC Director of Public Relations, concerning their book about the History of the American Negro. Blackburn encloses a "resume of the proposed contents of the book." He also informs Mr. Clayton of Mrs. Bucher and her associate's current visit to the US and that they would like to arrange an appointment with Dr. King at his convenience.
Nicholas Altomerianos, Mayor of Charles Evan Hughes High School in New York, sent Dr. King this get well letter on behalf of its faculty and students.
Senator Jacob Javits expresses his gratitude for an inscribed book that Dr. King sent him.
Edna McKinnon praises Dr. King for his wonderful work with the SCLC and its effect on the "entire world." She agrees with Dr. King's nonviolent philosophy and approach to American military intervention in Vietnam. Ms. McKinnon is the sister of Jeanette Rankin, the first woman of Congress, and the only member to vote against U.S. entry into both world wars.
Mr. Hotchkiss, the General Secretary of the AMA and primary UCBHM representative for the CEP, writes employees to clear up confusion regarding the administrative structure of the CEP. He informs employees that the the CEP is administered by the UCBHM stating, "When staff are confused about their employer it usually means they are confused about their objectives." The organization's most important objective, Mr. Hotchkiss asserts, is to mobilize individuals who have been trained under the CEP to focus the skills they have acquired on community development.
Nina Brown writes Dora McDonald in preparation for Dr. King's visit to speak at Pennsylvania State University. She further inquires about logistics pertaining to Dr. King's speech, publicity and members of his party.
This article focuses on the Chicago Urban League's struggle to gain financial support from contributors. According to the organization's director Edwin C. Berry, former contributors failed to accept the fact that the goals and scope of the league would preclude the organization from becoming a "protest group."
Roy Wilkins, of the American Negro Leadership Conference on Africa, wrote Dr. King to explain his increasing concern over the violence in Nigeria. Wilkins requests Dr. King's presence for a meeting with Nigerian Leaders to discuss the possibilities of ending the hostilities.
Mrs. W. M. Taylor, an English teacher at Grady High School, writes a letter of recommendation on behalf of Sally Cantor, a Russell H. Bull Scholarship applicant.
Dr. King quotes Friedrich Schleiermacher's "Speeches on Religion." The full title of this work is "On Religion: Speeches to Its Cultured Despisers.""
The West Chester Branch of the NAACP congratulates Dr. King for winning the Nobel Peace Prize.
Paul Deitrich commends John Lewis for his speech in Washington and urges him to contact him whenever he is in Washington again. He also wants to express a much-delayed apology.
Edward O'Brien writes Dr. King inquiring about the release of his new book, as he is unable to find it in bookstores.
In this letter Dora McDonald informs Dr. M.L. Goldschmid that Dr. King will be unable to write the foreword for his book due to an already filled schedule.
Dr. King prepares a sermon entitled, "God is Light." He refers to I John 1:5 during his preparation.
Rev. Abernathy commends Rev. Kirkpatrick on his job with the Steering Committee and discusses the enclosure of receipts.
Dr. King writes Halvey Simmons expressing thanks for his interest and concern regarding the burning of several churches in Atlanta, Georgia. He continues by stating the intent to rebuild the churches with funding created by the Atlanta Journal Constitution.
American journalist Victor Bernstein details for Redbook why Negroes are still angry in the face of the apparent success of the Civil Rights Movement. He points out that the Movement has enabled many whites to see that integration and equal rights are right, but still knowingly choose to behave as if they are wrong.
Joan Daves, Dr. King's literary agent, includes a summary of several foreign contracts drawn on Dr. King's behalf for three of his books.


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Moving up
Wells Fargo & Co. named Michael Baden head of credit services for the Private Bank. Baden previously was senior director for the 12 state Great Lakes region. He is a graduate of the University of St. Thomas and serves on the board of the Children's Cancer Research Fund.
Satellite Industries, Plymouth, named John Babcock chief financial officer. Babcock joined Satellite in 1993 and later started an operation in Japan. He has since held management positions with duties in supply chain & manufacturing, IT, operations and finance.
CBRE named Patricia Proshek executive managing director and global leader of its real estate services group. Proshek previously led CBRE's real estate accounting services in the Americas and is a graduate of the College of St. Benedict.
Pohlad Cos., Minneapolis, named Martha Nevanen vice president of corporate marketing and communications. Nevanen previously was vice president of marketing and communications for Marquette Real Estate Group. She volunteers for CornerHouse, NAIOP Commercial Real Estate Development Association and the International Association of Business Communicators.
Brothers Fire Protection, Elk River, named Todd Dosch vice president. Dosch joined Brothers Fire Protection in 2005 and has more than 25 years of experience in the industry.
Melchert Hubert Sjodin, Waconia, named David Melchert, Racheal Holland and Kathryn Barnes partners.
InSite Architects, Minneapolis, named Jill Krance, Sally Layde and Dawn Wieczorek partners.
On the move
Space150, Minneapolis, named David Denham chief strategy officer and a member of its leadership team. Denham previously was chief growth officer for Colle+McVoy and has worked for Faith Popcorn's BrainReserve and SapientNitro.
Donaldson Co., Bloomington, named Jeffrey Spethmann vice president of exhaust and emissions. Spethmann has held management positions with Waltek Inc. and Blow Molded Specialties Inc. and was a previous employee of Donaldson from 1988 through 1999.
XRS Corp., Eden Prairie, named James DeSocio executive vice president of field operations. DeSocio previously was executive vice president of sales and business development for Antenna Software. He was the chief executive of Riskclick and spent 13 years with Lawson Software.
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Rays 8, Orioles 0: Jeremy Hellickson pitched six scoreless innings and six different Tampa Bay players drove in runs to lead the surging Rays past Baltimore.
Royals 7, Astros 2: Ervin Santana (4-5) pitched seven snappy innings, and Kansas City finally backed him up with some offense in a victory over Houston.
Yankees 3, Mariners 1: Andy Pettitte allowed three hits over 71/3 innings to earn his 250th career victory, leading New York past Seattle. It was his 213th victory as a Yankee, putting him third on the franchise's career list behind Whitey Ford (236) and Red Ruffing (231).
White Sox 4, Athletics 1: John Danks pitched three-hit ball over eight innings for his first victory in more than a year, and Chicago won for just the second time in 12 games.
Tigers 6, Indians 4: Prince Fielder hit a bases-clearing double in the second inning, and Detroit held on to beat Cleveland.
Blue Jays 4, Rangers 3 (18 innings): Toronto outfielder Rajai Davis drove in Emilio Bonifacio with a two-out single in the 18th inning, and Toronto beat Texas in a game that matched the longest (five hours, 28 minutes) in club history for both.
Twins 4, Nationals 3 (11 inngings): Ryan Doumit singled in the go-ahead run, Joe Maurer homered, doubled and singled, and Minnesota defeated Washington in 11 innings.
Marlins 2, Mets 1 (20 innings): In the longest major league game in more than three years, Adeiny Hechavarria hit an RBI single in the 20th inning, and Miami outlasted New York, well after Matt Harvey left with lower-back tightness after another stingy start. Steve Cishek retired Daniel Murphy on a fly ball to the left-field warning track for the final out of a game that took 6 hours, 25 minutes.
Pirates 6, Cubs 2: A.J. Burnett pitched into the ninth inning and Pedro Alvarez and Russell Martin homered to lead the Pittsburgh past Chicago.
Brewers 4, Phillies 3: Jean Segura homered and Jonathan Lucroy hit a tiebreaking RBI double in the sixth inning, lifting Milwaukee over Philadelphia.
Cardinals 4, Reds 2: Mat Latos (6-0) turned in seven solid innings, and Cincinnati broke out of its slump with a win over St. Louis.
Giants 10, Diamondbacks 5: Buster Posey capped a six-run fourth with a homer and had three RBI, and Madison Bumgarner (5-4) pitched five good innings for San Francisco.
Padres 4, Rockies 2: Kyle Blanks hit a two-run homer and Eric Stults tossed seven solid innings to prople San Diego.
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NAMAD: Prepare for a decline
The National Association of Minority Automobile Dealers is taking industry predictions of slowing new-vehicle sales seriously.
Infiniti pumps up the power
Infiniti boss Roland Krueger is picking his battles to grow the premium brand. His strategy? Focus on what's under the hood.
Lincoln meets shoppers at the mall
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Discover a selection of top forums relationship stand on the internet. Come to share your passion on forums relationship stand and meet other fans of relationship stand. Then, why don't you create your own forum of relationship stand ?
Free forum : A Forum For The Relationship pairing between Tyson Granger and Kai Hiwatari
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We are the Arbiters of Rage, we stand for gamers.
arbiters, rage, #stand, gamers


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sobrietynoun [ U ]uk /səˈbraɪ.ə.ti/ us /səˈbraɪ.ə.t̬i/ formal
sobriety noun [ U ] (NOT DRUNK)
sobriety noun [ U ] (SERIOUS)
Thesaurus: synonyms and related words
(Definition of "sobriety" from the Cambridge Advanced Learner's Dictionary & Thesaurus © Cambridge University Press)
(Definition of "sobriety" from the Cambridge Academic Content Dictionary © Cambridge University Press)
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Word of the Day
a piece of cloth with a pattern or picture that is created by sewing or weaving different coloured threads onto a special type of strong cloth


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A Sanctuary of Gems, Minerals & Magic
Summer Hours: We close early at 6pm on Sundays during the months of July and August. All other days we are open regular hours 10am - 9pm.
Located in the heart of the French Quarter in New Orleans, we showcase Sterling Silver Designer Gemstone Jewelry, collectible minerals & fossil specimens from around the world, 1,000's of strands of gemstone beads, essential oils, metaphysical goods and more...
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Many thanks to our loyal customers who support us throughout the year!
Earth Odyssey | 306 Chartres Street | New Orleans, LA 70130 | 504.581.1348 | firstname.lastname@example.com


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Wish you would have contacted us, the authors, at the email provided.
All the code has been thoroughly tested and vetted by a bunch of different developers on different operating system/dev environment configurations.
Please ensure you are using the same environmental setup and tool versions the book recommends if you want the steps to be EXACTLY as described in the book.
The Authors


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A History of American Musical TheatreEthan Mordden has been hailed as "a sharp-eared listener and a discerning critic," by Opera News, which compares his books to "dinner with a knowledgeable, garrulous companion." The "preeminent historian of the American musical" (New York Times), he "brings boundless energy and enthusiasm buttressed by an arsenal of smart anecdotes" (Wall Street Journal). Now Mordden offers an entirely fresh and
The Passtionate Attention of an Interesting Man"Ethan Mordden is a master craftsman. His style combines the satirical urbanity of Juvenal, the wit of Oscar Wilde, the intelligence and drawing-room sophistication of Jane Austen." —Bay Windows In this new collection of fiction, a porn star turns up pouring cocktails in a small town's only gay bar, as the queens gape and gossip and the local auto mechanic lures the bartender into elaborate
How Manhattan Defined American Sophistication---from the Algonquin Round Table to Truman Capote's BallFrom the 1920s to the early 1960s, Manhattan was America's beacon of sophistication. From the theatres of Broadway to the lobby of the Algonquin Hotel to tables at the Stork Club, intelligence and wit were the twinned coins of the realm. Alexander Woolcott, Irving Berlin, Edna Ferber, Arturo Toscanini, Leonard Bernstein, Cole Porter, Dorothy Parker, Truman Capote, the Lunts and Helen Hayes
I've a Feeling We're Not in Kansas Anymore"We have traded tales, my buddies and I; of affairs, encounters, secrets, fears, self-promotion-of fantasies that we make real in the telling." In this, the first volume in Ethan Mordden's acclaimed trilogy on Manhattan gay life, he introduces a small group of friends-Dennis Savage, Little Kiwi, Carlos, and the narrator, Bud-and chronicles their exploration of the new world of gay life and the new
The Man Who Invented Show BusinessAny girl who twists her hat will be fired! – Florenz ZiegfeldAnd no Ziegfeld girl ever did as she made her way down the gala stairways of the Ziegfeld Follies in some of the most astonishing spectacles the American theatergoing public ever witnessed. When Florenz Ziegfeld started in theater, it was flea circus, operetta and sideshow all rolled into one. When he left it, the glamorous world of
The Broadway Musical in the 1970sEthan Mordden's new entry in his history of the Broadway musical looks at an era that brought us not only the gritty reality of "A Chorus Line" and the brilliantly bittersweet works of Stephen Sondheim, but also the nostalgic crowd-pleasers "No, No, Nanette" and "Annie." It was a time when Broadway both looked to its past, but also to its future and allowed reality to enter. Mordden writes of the
$18.09In On Sondheim, renowned author Ethan Mordden takes the reader on a tour of Stephen Sondheim's work, arguing for the importance and appeal of the composer-lyricist in American theater and, even more, in American culture. Over the course of eighteen shows, Mordden demonstrates that Sondheim is a classical composer who happens to write musicals. Sondheim has intellectualized the musical by tackling
The Happiest Corpse I've Ever Seen
The Last Twenty-Five Years of the Broadway MusicalFor Ethan Mordden, the closing night of the hit musical, 42nd St. sounded the death knell of the art form of the Broadway musical. After that, big orchestras, real voices, recognizable books and intelligent lyrics went out the window in favor of cats, helicopters, yodeling Frenchmen, and the roof of the Paris Opera. Mordden takes us through the aftermath of the days of the great Broadway musical.
$7.99A gay ghost, a talking dog, and a street kid who thinks he's an elf-child join our narrator Bud, best friend Dennis Savage, eternally young Little Kiwi, devastating hunk Carlo, and the other characters from I've a Feeling We're Not in Kansas Anymore and Buddies in this final volume in Mordden's trilogy on gay life in the big city.And there's trouble in paradise: Dennis Savage is suffering midlife
$7.99"What unites us, all of us, surely is brotherhood, a sense that our friendships are historic, designed to hold Stonewall together," muses on character in Ethan Mordden's Buddies. This need for friendship, for nonerotic affection, for buddies, shines forth as an American obsession from Moby-Dick through Of Mice and Men to The Sting. And American gay life has built upon and cherished these
The Broadway Musical in the 1960sIn the 1960s, the Broadway musical was revolutionized from an entertainment characterized by sentimental standards, such as Camelot and Hello, Dolly!, to one of brilliant and bittersweet masterpieces, such as Cabaret and Fiddler on the Roof. In Open a New Window, Ethan Mordden continues his history of the Broadway musical with the decade that bridged the gap between the romantic, fanciful


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UK: Morrison Bowmore achieves environmental distinction
Morrison Bowmore Distillers has been awarded ISO 14000 for its Environmental Management Systems in addition to its existing ISO 9000 for its Quality Management Systems. "What makes this impressive is that the accreditation applies to the company's three Single Malt distilleries namely Bowmore Islay Distillery, Auchentoshan Lowland Distillery and Glen Garioch Highland Distillery. This is truly a global achievement as no other whisky distiller across the world can boast such a combined standard of distilling," the company said in a release.
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I ran across my account of travel in Austria in 1973. The prices I paid then were a little less than my trip in 2011. Some examples: Hostel in Slazburg - $1.50, in Obertraun (near Hallstatt) - $1.20. Salt mine tour in Hallstatt - $0.60 with student ID. Camping in Innsbruck - $0.85. Hotel in Werfen - $6.60 for 2.
Recent ActivityView all Europe activity »
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Prices from an Austrian trip in 1973
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Wow, yes, quite a difference! I last stayed in hostels in 2002 while backpacking after undergrad, and I paid anywhere from 12 to 18 Euros per night. I imagine it has gone up over the past decade.
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Couldn't we have fun if those prices were valid today! Of course, I would not want to revert back to our income in those days!
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In 1964, two Aussie uni friends and I purchased a Mini Minor in London, and set out to tour Scandinavia and Europe, from May to October. The guide book we used was "Europe on $5 a Day" (may have been Frommers) but, not counting the purchase cost of the Mini, we mostly managed on less than $2 each a day! We stayed in hostels (parking the car around the corner, and turning up with backpacks to keep the hostels' rules of the day) and we had a tiny tent for emergencies. It WAS possible!
We had a good time, but the biggest luxury was a special bath in Rome. Most hostels then had only cold water, and few showers.
BTW, friends of mine did the 26 day Pilgrimage walk from Lisbon to Santiago a couple of years ago. They stayed in hostels at the end of each day, and only paid about 5 euros a night. They were 72 and 70 at the time!
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Bigtyke ..... Sorry to hijack..... I need an address you may have in yr $10 a day guide.. See my other post dated 16 April 2013 in Europe section..... Desparate
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India launches spcl court for environment issues
New Delhi: India today launched the National Green Tribunal thus becoming the third nation in the world to have special courts for environmental issues.
Former Supreme Court judge Lokeshwar Singh Panta assumed charge as the Chairperson of the Tribunal which will have, to begin with, four regional benches that would function in the circuit mode.
With the Tribunal coming into being, the National Environment Appellate Authority now ceases to exist and all the cases before it have been transferred to the new body.
The Tribunal has been established by the National Green Tribunal Act passed by Parliament earlier this year.
The Tribunal, which shall also consist of members who are experts in the field of environmental and related sciences, has been empowered to issue directions for compensation and restitution of damage caused from actions of environmental
This is the first body of its kind that is required by its parent statute to apply the polluter pays principle and the principle of sustainable development, Environment Minister
Jairam Ramesh told reporters here.
"Anybody and everybody can approach the Tribunal to claim civil damages arising out of inadequate implementation of environment laws," he said.
Australia and New Zealand are the only other countries to have special courts for environment issues, Ramesh said.
Panta, who retired as a Supreme Court Judge in April last year, said it would be his endeavour to try and fulfill the task entrusted to him.
The Tribunal will have 20 members -- 10 from the judiciary and 10 experts in the field of environment.
The provision of circuit benches would impart mobility to the Tribunal and allow them to hear cases at places beyond their original location but within their jurisdiction.
Appeals against the Tribunal can be moved in the Supreme Court.
Panta made it clear that he would not entertain motivated Public Interest Litigations and his years of experience as a Supreme Court judge has enabled him to identify such cases.
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THE 2016 Melbourne season launch is fast approaching and tickets are available to attend what promises to be an outstanding night.
This is a must attend event for those wanting the inside word from the leaders of the club before the season starts.
Hear from Chairman Glen Bartlett, chief executive Peter Jackson and coach Paul Roos, plus a panel of players.
The entire 2016 playing squad will be in attendance.
Details: 2016 Melbourne Football Club season launch
- Wednesday, March 9
- 7pm for 7.30pm start
- Olympic Room (level two), Olympic Stand, MCG
- Tickets $250, includes three course meal and premium beverages
- Contact email@example.com (03 9652 1133)
- Dress is lounge suit, ladies accordingly
Pearce's love for the game
11:21am Jul 26, 2016
Rd 18: All the goals
11:51am Jul 25, 2016
Rd 18: Bernie Vince post-match
9:36pm Jul 23, 2016
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8:15pm Jul 23, 2016


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Comment Re:RobotWars: UK vs. US version (Score 1) 75
Robot Wars has been in the us since 95. read this book if you want to know about how the whol deal went down. http://www.amazon.com/exec/obidos/ASIN/0743229517
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