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Bee House
Season 2, Ep 203
Aired 08/12/2012
19,546 Views
Mike and Doug discover that their newest house is infested with a hundred thousand bees and a fight over how to deal with the problem puts the entire project in jeopardy.
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...Together, your child and I will determine his/her learning style and set up concrete goals, assessing and adjusting throughout the process. I have been working with young students for many years (and have a professional background in writing and editing) but actually made the career change to te...
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...I taught math and English at the Allen School of Health Sciences, a training school for medical assistants, and I taught GED math and English reading and writing at LaGuardia Community College. I currently teach high school equivalency math for the TASC, the replacement test for the GED, at Lehm...
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subset: commoncrawl


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PS4/Xbox One Review: Lego Star Wars: The Force Awakens
Is the Force strong with this latest Lego game?
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Mario and Sonic battle it once more, this time in Rio...
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What would you like to do?
Can you have more than 1 retirement account - for example both a Roth IRA and a 401K?
Some people-cough, cough, Jax-think that you have completely changed since Season 1 of Vanderpump Rules. Do you think you have changed since Season 1?View Full Interview
Can you have both a Simple Ira and Roth Ira?
Yes, the limitation does not apply between a SIMPLE IRA and a Roth/Traditional. However, because a SIMPLE IRA is a "qualified retirement plan" offered by your employer, yo…u may not be able to get a traditional IRA deduction- all depends on your income situation.
Why is the Roth IRA better than a traditional IRA?
The Roth IRA is not necessarily better per se than a traditional IRA. Whether one or the other is a better choice for you depends on current and expected marginal income.
Can you have Both A Sep Ira and a Roth Ira?
Yes. Your ability to have a personal or spousal Roth IRA is a separate questions from whether you can have a SEP IRA. Anyone with earned income can contribute up to $4,000 (or… $5,000 if your are 50 or over) in 2007 and $5,000 (or $6,000 in 2008) if they meet the income requirements. You must have earned income of under $99,000 for 2007 and $101,000 for 2008 for singles or $156,000 for 2007 and $159,000 for 2008 for married filing jointly. For a SEP IRA, you must have business income to contribute. You can contribute up to 25% of your business income with a limit of $45,000 in 2007 and $50,000 in 2008 (those 50 years or older may contribute $5,000 more). Thus, if you have business income, you can contribute to your ROTH IRA if you are eligible and a SEP IRA. If your SEP IRA is likely to become substantial or you have funds in a 401(k) from a previous employer and you are an one person (or one person with a spouse) business, you should look into individual 401(k)s. All of the major financial institution and self-directed trust companies offer them. They work like a corporate 401(k) but you have complete control. They may be better than a SEP since: 1. The contribution limits are higher 2. You can borrow in a 401k but not a SEP 3. You can have a Roth 401(k) but you cannot make Roth contributions to a SEP 4. You can buy life insurance or invest in a S corporationin a 401(k)
Can you put money in both a Roth IRA and a Traditional IRA?
Yes, you can contribute to both a Traditional and a Roth IRA account but contribution limits apply across both accounts. For example, if your contribution limit is $5,00…0 then you could contribute $2,500 in each account. You can not contribute $5,000 into each account.
Can you pay off a 401k loan with another IRA account?
First, Never borrow from your 401k plan. You can pay off your 401k loan with money form any legal source. The money does not need to be deducted from your pay check. That… is the most convient method. To use money from an IRA, it would be necessary to take an UNQUALIFIED DISTRIBUTON from your IRA. If this is a Traditional IRA, the mney would be subject to income tax. And if you are not yet at the age of 59.5 years, a 10% penalty would be assessed on the amount taken from the IRA. This 10% would need to be paid when you file your income tax return. If this is a ROTH IRA, there are some different rules. Distributions from a ROTH IRA come out in an ordered fashion. - First to come out is our annual contribution amounts. These amounts come out free from tax and free from penalty. - Second to be distributed from a ROTH IRA is our Conversion Contributions. Conversion amounts are distributed tax free. A 10% penalty may apply if the conversion is less than 5 years old. Each Conversion has it's own 5 year clock. - Last to come out is earnings. If the ROTH IRA owner is younger than 59.5 years, the earnings will be taxed and the 10% penalty will apply.
Can you contribute to a Roth IRA after you have retired?
You cannot contribute more to your IRA than the amount of your "compensation income." Compensation income is the taxable portion of your wages/salary, net self-employment, and… alimony. Any amount shown in box 1 of a W-2 minus the amount shown in box 11 of the same W-2 is automatically considered taxable compensation income. So if you are not doing some kind of work or receiving alimony, you can't contribute. There is no age limit for contributions to a Roth IRA. People over 70 1/2 cannot contribute to a traditional IRA.
IRAs and 401K plans both involve?
investing for retirement.
Can you rollover a 401k into a roth IRA?
You can roll a 401k plan over into a Roth IRA. However, when you do so, you will have to pay ordinary income tax on the amount rolled into the Roth. Even so, a Roth IRA will… usually perform better over time, as the money not only grows tax free, but is taken out tax free as well. There are some great calculators out there that will show you the impact of conducting this rollover. See attached link.
Can you roll a roth IRA into a 401k?
no >>>>> And why would you want to? You already paid taxes on that money.
If you are being laid off from a job should you put your 401k in a roth IRA?
You can but you will have to pay income tax on the entire amount you move to the Roth. Copy & Paste the link below for more info. articles.moneycentral.msn.com/Retirement…andWills/InvestForRetirement/jobless-what-to-do-with-your-401k.aspx
In IRA Plans
Can you contribute the max to both a IRA and Roth?
No. The combined total you contribute to all of your accounts must be less than your annual maximum.
Answered Most Recently
Are both a 401K and an IRA considered to be a money market account?
A money market account (MMA) and a 401(k) plan are not the same. The former is a type of savings account while the latter is an investment account. Some of the key differences… lie in the type of deposits, or contributions, made, how the money grows, and whether or not withdrawals can be made from the accounts .
In Uncategorized
What is the penalty for contributing more than the maximum to a Roth IRA?
Contributing more than the maximum into a Roth IRA will result in a 6% excise tax. The 6% tax applies only to the amount which one has over contributed.
In IRA Plans
What is the purpose of a Roth IRA account?
The purpose of a Roth IRA account, is to protect the older generations who can't work any longer so they don't have to pay taxes. It's a retirement plan worked out by the gove…rnment of the United States.
Answered Most Recently
Can you rollover 401k roth IRA into a 529 plan?
Individual retirement arrangements were created to help you save for retirement while 529 plans are designed for education savings. Even if you're done with school, t…he IRS rules don't allow you to roll money straight from a 529 plan to an IRA. If you do so, you're treated as if you took a 529 plan distribution and made a regular IRA contribution.


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Product Description
"Gowda has masterfully portrayed two families... linked by a powerful, painful tie that complicates their lives... A thought-provoking examination of the challenges of being a woman in America and in India -- and in the psychological spaces in between." (Chitra Divakaruni, author of The Palace of Illusions)
"Set in California and the teeming city of Mumbai, SECRET DAUGHTER is a beautifully composed compelling story of love, loss, discovery and the true meaning of family." (Anjali Banerjee, author of Imaginary Men)
Fiction with a conscience, as two couples worlds apart are linked by an adopted child....A lightweight fable of family division and reconciliation, gaining intensity and depth from the author's sharp social observations (Kirkus)
First novelist Gowda offers especially vivid descriptions of the contrasts and contradictions of modern India... Rife with themes that lend themselves to discussion, such as cultural identity, adoption, and women's roles, this will appeal to the book club crowd. (Library Journal)
It's moving and thought-provoking and informative and imaginative and beautifully executed. What a wonderful story! (Mary Jane Clark, author of Dying for Mercy)
The Secret Daughter is a deeply moving and timeless story of an adopted daughter's long distance search for cultural identity and acceptance; first with the mother who raised her, and ultimately with the mother who gave her up. (Kathleen Kent, author of The Heretic's Daughter)
In her engaging debut, Gowda weaves together two compelling stories… Gowda writes with compassion and uncanny perception from the points of view of Kavita,Somer, and Asha, while portraying the vibrant traditions, sights, and sounds of modern India. (Booklist)
This wise debut moves deftly between the child's two mothers and cultures. (Good Housekeeping)
A No. 1 bestseller in Canada, "Secret Daughter" tells a nuanced coming-of-age story that is faithful to the economic and emotional realities of two very different cultures. (Washington Post) --This text refers to an alternate Paperback edition.
From the Back Cover
Somer's life is everything sheimagined it would be—she'snewly married and has startedher career as a physician in SanFrancisco—until she makes the devastatingdiscovery she never will beable to have children.
The same year in India, a poormother makes the heartbreakingchoice to save her newborn daughter'slife by giving her away. It is adecision that will haunt Kavita forthe rest of her life, and cause aripple effect that travels across theworld and back again.
Asha, adopted out of a Mumbaiorphanage, is the child that bindsthe destinies of these two women. Wefollow both families, invisibly connecteduntil Asha's journey of self-discoveryleads her back to India.
Compulsively readable anddeeply touching, Secret Daughter isa story of the unforeseen ways inwhich our choices and families affectour lives, and the indelible power oflove in all its many forms.--This text refers to an alternate Paperback edition. See all Product Description
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In a remote village in India, Kavita gives birth to a baby girl, but living in a culture that favours boys, she is forced to give her up in order to save her life. Meanwhile, an American doctor, Somer, has found out she cannot bear children and she and her husband make the decision to adopt a child from his native country. They fall in love with the beautiful girl in the photo with the gold flecked eyes and bring her to America to raise, while Kavita's thoughts for the daughter she had to give away never diminish. Told from multiple perspectives and alternating between the two families and the daughter that binds them, this story weaves a rich tapestry of a mothers love regardless of circumstance.
There were multiple directions I thought this book might take and it didn't even stray close to any of them, so the lack of predictability was nice, so much so that I found myself feeling lost for a brief time in the 2nd half of the book, unsure where it was headed, but that only lasted a short time. This read wasn't the roller coaster ride I was expecting it to be, but much more subtle and when I came to the end and realized why things were happening the way they were, I was mesmerized by how powerful the story ended up being without my even realizing it.Read more ›
This story takes place in a remote Indian village. On the eve of the monsoons, Kavita gives birth to a baby girl who is not wanted by her husband, Jasu. He takes the baby, disappears for a couple of hours and returns without her. Kavita does not know what he has done. A couple of years later, Kavita again gives birth to a daughter whom she decides this time her husband will not take from her. She secretly makes plans with her sister Rupa to walk miles and miles to another village to leave her baby daughter at an orphanage with the hope she will be adopted and have a good life. The baby girl has the most beautiful "gold" coloured eyes, just like Kavita.
A couple of years later, Kavita again gives birth but this time to a boy Vijay whom her husband Jasu adores but he turns out to be a huge disappointment.
In America, Somer and Krishnan, both doctors can't seem to conceive. After a few brutually upsetting miscarriages, they decide to adopt a baby from Krishnan's home country of India. Somer is American but the waiting lists here are much too long. They travel half-way around the world to pick up their new baby daughter, the one with the most beautiful "gold" coloured eyes!
The novel interweaves the stories of Kavita, Somer, and the child that binds both of their destinies. Each chapter flips between Kavita and Somer which I love.
The characters are beautifully developed, the story well-written and you won't want this one to end. I'm keeping this in my permanent collection along with Rohinton Mistry's "A Fine Balance".
I would love to see Ms. Gowda write a sequel to this!!!! I need to know how Asha/Usha fares in the rest of her life and all of Krishnan's relatives and especially Kavita, Jasu and Vijay.
The whole concept of having borne and then concealed a child is hardly new. Many older North American birth mothers have their own "secret daughters (or sons)", having been forced into silence and denial by a society that once viewed illegitimacy as shameful and extramarital pregnancy as an aberration. Many children of the 1930s through early 1960s in particular, even in the supposedly enlightened West, are still bound to a past without answers. And their adoptive parents may have viewed a child's desire to find such answers with great uneasiness, if not outright dread. This still occurs within the contemporary adoption community. Somer embodies the concerns of many adoptive mothers, although I don't feel she is given enough scope to develop as a character and her Indian-American husband, Krishnan, receives even less opportunity. But several issues are raised nonetheless. There's the fear of losing one's child to strangers who have a greater genetic claim on her/him. There's also the anxiety that the reunion might turn out to be immensely painful for a well-loved daughter or son. And there's the feeling that no matter what efforts an adoptive parent may have made to ensure the child's happy progress through youth and adolescence, they are never going to be quite enough.Read more ›
Most recent customer reviews
I enjoyed reading this story about the unconditional love of mothers for their children (no matter if biological or adopted) and about how to overcome cultural differences in... Read morePublished 1 month ago by Amazon Customer
Well written, excellent detail. A book that was hard to put down.Published 1 month ago by Amazon Customer
Let me wipe my tears away to review this stunner of a book. While it had moments slightly contrived, the soul and humanity it exudes are deeply, deeply compelling. Read morePublished 2 months ago by In_arms_reach
Very interesting story, well written, and kept me engaged to the end.Published 3 months ago by Joanne Smith
I seem destined lately to read books that tell the tale of two people or two families, alternately, back and forth throughout the book. Read morePublished 4 months ago by Mys M
Understanding the pain and pressure that society puts on people based on religion and culture was very enlightening.Published 8 months ago by lerone


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Forum indexFujifilm X System / SLR TalkChange forum
X-Pro 1: Keeps getting outstanding ratings....
Started Mar 13, 2012 | Discussions thread
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gacetillero • Forum Member • Posts: 67
Re: X-Pro 1: Keeps getting outstanding ratings....
In reply to Bjrn SWE • Mar 14, 2012
Nobody has seen five years of the switchable OVF/EVF, so queries about longevity are justified. But basically, nobody knows. You'd hope that Fuji has tested the mechanism to destruction, but I've not seen any stats. Personally, I'm leaning towards taking the chance, but that's 'cos the rest of the package seems appealing enough. Dunno.
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Utah Teacher Accused Of Raping 17-Year-Old: Who Is Coach Courtney Jarrell?
A Utah high school teacher and girls basketball coach is accused of raping a 17-year-old female student, according to reports.
Prosecutors say that 22-year-old Courtney Louise Jarrell had sexual encounters with a 17-year-old girl who attends Riverton High School, where Jarrell taught math and coached the sophomore girls' basketball team.
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Court documents show that the sexual activity happened at the house of the Utah teacher accused of raping the 17-year-old in February and March.
Jarrell was charged Friday in 3rd District Court with rape, a first-degree felony, and forcible sexual abuse, a second-degree felony.
Jordan School District spokeswoman Sandy Riesgraf said that Jarrell resigned from the school on Friday after having been on administrative leave since the allegations arose a month ago. Per KSL-TV, she resigned to focus on her defense and will plead not guilty.
- The Utah teacher accused of raping the 17-year-old had been teaching in the Jordan District for just eight months.
- She was suspended after the district received "a complaint about inappropriate behavior," which was immediately turned over to police.
- The district had only received the one complaint regarding Jarrell.
- Students said that they were surprised to hear about the Utah teacher being accused of raping a 17-year-old because she was a popular teacher everyone seemed to like.
- The Utah teacher accused of raping 17-year-old is due in court on May 16.
Kareem Abdul-Jabbar News: The HBO Documentary: 'Minority of One' Revisiting: A Salute to Kareem Abdul Jabbar: The Captain is More Than a Statue to the Game of Basketball
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Rafa Nadal ended a sub-par grand slam season on a heartbreaking note when he fell 3-6 4-6 6-4 6-3 6-... more
Swiss second seed Roger Federer faces a danger match against big-hitting American John Isner in four... more
The Roger Federer express will look to gather further pace in the third round of the U.S. Open on Sa... more
Star quarterback Tom Brady will play in the New England Patriots' season opener next week after a fe... more
Star quarterback Tom Brady made his first public comments on Friday since a federal judge threw out ... more
Rafa Nadal ended a sub-par grand slam season on a heartbreaking note when he fell 3-6 4-6 6-4 6-3 6-... more


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Ratings based on 438 Verified Reviews
They paid and stayed. We double-checked.
3.5 Room cleanliness
3.3 Service & staff
3.3 Room comfort
3.2 Hotel condition
Expedia Verified ReviewsThey paid and stayed. We double-checked.
by A verified traveler from Yucca Valley CA.
It was good enoughPosted Jun 5, 2016
Pros: the bed and the shower was clean and had good water pressure.
Cons: More modern TV.
Location: Santa Rosa CA. Small shops in rail road square. lots of places to eat near by.
Stayed six days to see family it was nice and quiet the staff was great at meeting our needs.
by A verified traveler
可以Posted Apr 27, 2016 on Hotels
by Cecilia
Posted Apr 19, 2016 on Hotels
by Harry from Scottsdale
I would returnPosted Apr 16, 2016 on Hotels
There were 2 men in the parking lot shared with the pizza store that popped up from cardboard boxes about 7pm. I reported it and the agent responded appropriately and to my satisfaction. The overall stay was perfect for our needs
by Annisa
Posted Mar 30, 2016 on Hotels
Really needs to be updated.
by Donnie from Jacksonville Fla
AMERICA'S BESTPosted Mar 25, 2016 on Hotels
stay was for quick business trip. room and location of hotel convenient for my needs
by A verified traveler
One night stayPosted Mar 22, 2016 on Hotels
Using the mobile app, we booked a King room. Upon arrival, we were told the room was unavailable. We were offered a room with 2 queens instead, for $15 more. I explained we booked a room for a particular rate, and that is what we should pay. The manager gave us that rate. After we went inside the room, we discovered the remote didn't work. The TV itself didn't work. The alarm clock was unplugged, as were all the lights. A pair of used boxers were discovered behind the refrigerator, which was also unplugged. I was frustrated and hoping the manager would offer either another room, or a discount. She offered neither. It was late, and she offered advice to turn the tv on. I told her I tried everything and she said hit the on button fast, twice. I did that, it still didn't work. I let her know this. She suggested she come up to look at it. Being late and tired from our journey, all we wanted was to go to sleep and not have someone inspect why the TV wasn't working - we were sure it was broken. We contacted hotels.com who requested authorization for a refund from this hotel manager. She did not approve it. I am now going to contact American's Best to see what they can do because I believe I should be refunded the cost of the room.
by A verified traveler from Texas
Too loudPosted Mar 8, 2016
Loud locals till late at night. Loud groups of people renting rooms. No ownership by hotel to remind those persons of what they should already know, people are trying to sleep Check in from behind small window. Gives one the impression that receptionist hiding so no one can get to them.
by Pamela from Avalon, CA
WIFI didn't work, ice machine broken. CLEAN rooms!Posted Feb 23, 2016 on Hotels
The two major problems that we encountered were that the wifi did not work. You could sign in and then nothing. Too weak to handle the load maybe? The second issue is the ice machine was broken so both days we were there we did not have access to ice and my husband just had a total knee replacement and needed to ice his knee. The WIFI not working is hugh because I had work to do and it entertains my daughter. The room was very clean and the shampoo and conditioner were very good. The breakfast was plain with just a few muffins and bagels and coffee. The location was great, near everything.
by Linda
Posted Feb 20, 2016 on Hotels


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"great room/facilities, good complimentary breakfast, close to metro and historic precinct"
A Traveller, Jul 2016, AS
69 people looked at this hotel in the last hour
Most recent review
"good hotel centrally located and near the metro. Room was small but not cramped. There was a mini fridge and air conditioning and cable with enough English language canels. "
A Traveller, Jul 2016, CA
59 people looked at this hotel in the last hour
Most recent review
"Friendly staff and good location downtown. Breakfast was included and the indoor parking nearby was reasonably priced. The room offered several modern conveniences (mini-fridge, jet tub, microwave, flatscreen tv and coffee maker), despite an awkward layout (steps up to the shower and toilet in a ..."
A Traveller, Jul 2016, CA
54 people looked at this hotel in the last hour
Most recent review
"Thought it was common bathrooms, almost didnt take it, but for the price and location said ok. Had washroom in room. Had room showed in picture! Cant be beat for the price and location."
A Traveller, Jan 2016, CA
50 people looked at this hotel in the last hour
Most recent review
"We had problem with using the coffee maker, the hotel front desk sent someone right away to help us. He showed us how to use the machine and brought us more cups. and a second time that we didn't have sugar and called the front desk, they sent us some sugar right away. Very good service!"
A Traveller, Jul 2016, US
42 people looked at this hotel in the last hour
Most recent review
"I like staying at this hotel for the Grand Prix because it is close to the main Metro station. This saves time to and from the track. It has restaurants, grocery stores, banks, shopping and Ste Catherine Street nearby. One of the quirks with this hotel is the parking. You have to park in an under..."
A Traveller, Jun 2016, US
33 people looked at this hotel in the last hour
Most recent review
"My daughter and I were in Montreal to look at McGill University and see the city. We found it a good base to do that from. One aspect that might disturb some is that our room was on the second floor, and overlooking Montreal's main street (Boulevard Rene Levesque), so was quite noisy even late at..."
A Traveller, Aug 2014, CA
28 people looked at this hotel in the last hour
Most recent review
"Right next to Saint Catherine street!!! Also right next to the park, and biking (which is 5$ a day) is easy to really anywhere you want to go in Montreal. The breakfast was adorable, and cleaning service was great. No good view in my room 209, but I was out and about all day so it didn't matter m..."
A Traveller, Jul 2016, US
16 people looked at this hotel in the last hour
Most recent review
"Stayed in Le Relais Lyonnais for a night with family during a short stop in Montreal. Was not disapointed by this hotel as it is nice clean. Front staff was very nice and helpful, allowing us to have our rooms early when we arrived and showing us what to do in the area for the short time of ou..."
A Traveller, Jul 2016, US
- Le Saint-LaurentNo Guest Reviews yet
9 people looked at this hotel in the last hour
Map of hotels near University of Quebec-Montreal
- Bell Centre
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- Notre Dame Basilica
- Parc Jean-Drapeau
- La Ronde Six Flags
- Crescent Street
- Montreal Casino
- Place des Arts
- Saint Joseph's Oratory
- Montreal Biodome
- Montreal Botanical Garden
- Saint-Laurent
- LaSalle
- Place Bonaventure
- Palais des congres de Montreal
- Olympic Stadium
- Circuit Gilles Villeneuve
- Montreal Museum of Fine Arts
- Saint-Leonard
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Biking the shady paths of Park Mont-Royal, sipping wine on sunny terraces and dining by candlelight ...
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Discover historic French Canada and lively bistros on a short getaway in Montréal. Book a Montréal h...


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Ying Anytime Maxi Nursing Dress
by Larrivo
(Item #1387005)
This item is not available for sale
Our favorite nursing dress, go anywhere dress, now in maxi length. Feel like a princess in this sophisticated dress where fashion meets function. Features empire nursing access, and a bra friendly design. Dress it up or down for two different, yet sexy looks.
More Colors dark eggplant red steel black
"I'm extremely pleased with my experience with Figure 8. They have a wide range of stylish maternity and nursing items that I love and have worked well for me throughout pregnancy and now that I'm still nursing my 11-month old."
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Copyright © 2016 Figure 8 Maternity. All Rights Reserved.


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Robocalls have become an all-too-common nuisance for consumers. Robocalls are unsolicited, pre-recorded phone calls, often scams, which are made to consumers without their permission, as opposed to calls solicited by the consumer, such as those from pharmacies and childrens' schools. Robocalls are illegal in Massachusetts under M.G.L. c. 159C. While consumers can, and should, sign-up -for both the state and national Do-Not-Call lists, unfortunately this does not always stop many unscrupulous solicitors and scammers from making these calls.
The Consumer Federation of America and the North American Consumer Protection Investigators recently released the results of the 2015 Consumer Complaint Survey. This report is based on consumer information, complaints, and suggestions for increased consumer protections from 33 consumer agencies in 21 states.
The Massachusetts Do-Not-Call Registry allows consumers to stop receiving certain telephone solicitations simply by signing-up and providing their telephone number. Established in 2003, the law requires telephone solicitors, list-brokers, and telemarketers to register with the Office of Consumer Affairs and Business Regulation, subscribe to the Do-Not-Call Registry, and remove registered telephone numbers of consumers from their call lists.
Massachusetts consumers looking to renew a license or schedule a road test online through the Registry of Motor Vehicles may come across unofficial third-party websites, or "mimic sites." Do NOT be fooled! These services have no affiliation with the RMV, regardless of how real they may seem.
Pokémon Go, the new Nintendo app sweeping the world, melds famous fictional creatures with reality to allow users to "catch 'em all" throughout their daily lives. But with the game's new mobile dominance and rising popularity, comes real-world dangers for consumers.
Food festivals. Wine and Beer festivals. Music festivals. Art festivals. There is no shortage of ways for consumers to partake in a favorite activity this summer. However, scammers have begun to take advantage of individuals wishing to attend a festival by creating phony websites and "selling" tickets to events that don't actually exist.
As the Times Square Ball dropped, the clock struck midnight and we ushered in the year 2016, more than 40 percent of Americans had a New Year's resolution in mind, according to the most recent Marist Poll. However, if like many Americans your resolution …Continue Reading New Year's resolution involve exercise? Be aware of red flags BEFORE you sign up for a health club membership
Deciding where to rent, especially in a new location, can be an especially difficult decision for any potential renter, particularly when he or she does not know how or where to look. Below are some factors for apartment searches to consider. UNDERSTAND WHAT YOU CAN …Continue Reading Looking for an Apartment? Check Out Part 1 of our Smart Renting Series
Recently, the Hotline received three calls about this scam in just one week, so it is important for consumers to know how it works and how to avoid being scammed.
Staying connected to local resources and emergency services can improve and possibly save many lives, say state regulators. Access to local emergency services and community resources is vital to our low-income and elderly residents. The Massachusetts Department of Telecommunications and Cable (DTC) wants residents to …Continue Reading Can't pay your phone bill? Stay connected with telephone assistance
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Dani Arussi
VP Paid Search
Updated On : Apr 01, 2016
Email Address: Email not Avail
100 - 249
20 - 50 Million
SIC Code:
7372 - Prepackaged Software
A VP Paid Search at WebMetro based in San Dimas, CA, Dani Arussi has a comprehensive profile on Lead411. You can find the entry on Webmetro in our Marketing/advertising category. The company CEO is . There are email addresses on their profile and may include Dani Arussi' email format too. You can also find other contact information like facebook, phone numbers, biography, wiki, and linkedin for Dani Arussi. Some possible email formats for Dani Arussi are email@example.com, firstname.lastname@example.com, firstname.lastname@example.com, and email@example.com. If you sign up for our free trial you will see our firstname.lastname@example.com addresses.
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Dani A - Other
Need to know Dani A's email, phone numbers, linkedin profile, wiki, twitter username, and biography? You can find contact information on WebMetro's Lead411 profile. Dani A is the V.P. Paid Search for WebMetro, an organization which has its base in San Dimas, CA. One can also find WebMetro email addresses on their Lead411 profile with the @WebMetro.com url. Marketing/advertising is WebMetro's industry within the Lead411 database. Some possible email formats for Dani A are firstname.lastname@example.com, firstname.lastname@example.com, email@example.com, and email@example.com. If you sign up for our free trial you will see our email@example.com addresses.
Dani Abbott - Other
Have you been looking for contact information, like phone numbers and emails, on Dani Abbott? Lead411 provides data on him which include twitter, linkedin url, wiki, and biography. There is also Wallaroo Media email addresses within the @wallaroomedia.com profile so Dani Abbott's email could be included. Dani Abbott is part of the Wallaroo Media which has its main offices in Provo, UT. Currently holds the post of Digital Communications Intern. You can find the company data on Lead411 under the Marketing/advertising industry. Some possible email formats for Dani Abbott are email@example.com, firstname.lastname@example.com, firstname.lastname@example.com, and email@example.com. If you sign up for our free trial you will see our firstname.lastname@example.com addresses.
Dani Abraham - Executive
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Karen Helweg - Executive
Their VP User Engagement is Karen Helweg. Their Lead411 profile is categorized under the Marketing/advertising industry. If you're checking for WebMetro email addresses, these are also available on Lead411 with the @revanadigital.com email addresses and possibly Karen Helweg's email. WebMetro is based in San Dimas, CA. You can also get Karen Helweg's linkedin info, twitter data, phone numbers, wiki and biography on their Lead411 profile. Their contact information is filed under the Marketing/advertising category. Some possible email formats for Karen Helweg are firstname.lastname@example.com, firstname.lastname@example.com, firstname.lastname@example.com, and email@example.com. If you sign up for our free trial you will see our email@example.com addresses.
David Kandasamy - Technology
WebMetro's CTO is David Kandasamy. They are based in San Dimas, CA, and you can find their Lead411 profile filed under the Marketing/advertising industry. David Kandasamy's profile contains twitter, phone numbers, linkedin, wiki, and biography information, and you can also find other WebMetro contact information and email addresses on Lead411 with the @revanadigital.com domain format. Some possible email formats for David Kandasamy are firstname.lastname@example.com, firstname.lastname@example.com, email@example.com, and firstname.lastname@example.com. If you sign up for our free trial you will see our firstname.lastname@example.com addresses.
Jennifer Taylor-scordia - Executive
Jennifer Taylor-scordia is the current VP Strategic Accounts. You can find Jennifer Taylor-scordia's linkedin profile, phone numbers, wiki, twitter, and biography on WebMetro's Lead411 profile, as well as WebMetro email addresses with the @revanadigital.com domain format. Jennifer Taylor-scordia's email may or may not be inside the profile. WebMetro is situated in San Dimas, CA. You can find their contact information on Lead411 categorized under Marketing/advertising. Some possible email formats for Jennifer Taylor-scordia are firstname.lastname@example.com, firstname.lastname@example.com, firstname.lastname@example.com, and firstname.lastname@example.com. If you sign up for our free trial you will see our firstname.lastname@example.com addresses.
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Geeks With Blogs
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Samer Abousalbi
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iOS & Mac app designer. Recent MBA graduate. Founder of Capparsa and MochaWorks.
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UIViewController not being unloaded in ViewDidUnload
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quick fix: Predicatebuilder not stacking queries issue inside for loop
I ran into this problem this morning and thought I'd share in case someone else has this issue .So I'm using PredicateBuilder with the EntityFramework and doing some pretty basic query building. I have a list of business types that the person can select (a checkboxlist) and then it returns everything that matches. I was having an issue because it was only ever returning the businesses that matched the last item I selected—it wasn't stacking the query at all. Finally, I noticed what was going on. ......
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Brexit looks bleaker than the worst-case scenarios
Ten days into the digestion of a United Kingdom vote for a separation from the European Union, and the analysis is crystal clear: Brexit is a flat-out mess. A quagmire. Its potential impact has some leaders worried that even their worst-case scenarios weren't bad enough.
Star power: Automotive News Europe Congress
Fourteen of the best and brightest young leaders in the European auto industry were honored last week in Munich at the 6th annual Rising Stars dinner, held in conjunction with the Automotive News Europe Congress.
Ford plans to install Apple CarPlay, Android Auto in entire 2017 lineupUPDATED: 7/25/16 10:23 am ET - adds link
Ford will offer Apple CarPlay and Android Auto smartphone connectivity on its full lineup of 2017 vehicles, marking the fastest rollout of the
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|#389 - It is kinda simple, the loudest part of any community or group… [+] (9 new replies)
|02/02/2014 on Cringe Compilation Part 8
#398 - fruzzinoid (02/02/2014) [-]
I might stop watching soon too. Season 4 is really testing my nerve.
#483 - fruzzinoid (02/02/2014) [-]
That's certainly an interesting perspective. I actually kinda liked Equestria Girls.
#490 - fruzzinoid (02/02/2014) [-]
Oh, no no, the movie was total shit. But for me it was the specific type of total shit that you enjoyed because of how obviously shitty it was. But at least it held bronies over somewhat for the piece of crap that was season 4.
#492 - fruzzinoid (02/02/2014) [-]
I don't like how Spike it the butt of all the jokes now. I feel like Spike got kind of a bad deal.
|#355 - More along the lines "Oh my me, what the **** I was smoki…
|02/02/2014 on Cringe Compilation Part 8
|#339 - Made simple, Sonic have a... bad fandom to say the least, thou…
|01/31/2014 on Cringe Compilation Part 4
|#58 - Lt. Surge protegee, now overcame his master. Th…
|01/31/2014 on badass mothafockah
|#53 - It is just it is a dead-serious scene and Supers is still taki…
|01/31/2014 on Batman is fun at parties
|#202 - I also wanted to thank you for posting this, this **** is amaz…
|01/31/2014 on Fallout
|#197 - Same bonus for all shotguns, so the next one in the line compl…
|01/31/2014 on Fallout
|#191 - That's the thing, I play with mods, Weapon Mods Extended(or WM… [+] (2 new replies)
|01/31/2014 on Fallout
#193 - schneidend (01/31/2014) [-]
I haven't run the numbers lately, but generally with the Better Criticals perk, a shotgun's Sneak Attack crit will always outdamage other ballistics, as long as it's done outside of VATS. Each pellet will get the bonus critical damage plus the sneak attack multiplier.
But, as for your mod, that sounds dumb as hell. If it adds a choke for the Riot, it should at least provide less of a bonus to accuracy than the Hunting's choke.
#197 - hamstergeddon (01/31/2014) [-]
Same bonus for all shotguns, so the next one in the line completelly outclasses the previous one, there is even one for the Sawed-Off Shotgun and the Big Boomer, making it a very reliable sidearm, the other two weapon mods for the Riot are increased item HP and ligher weight IIRC, so only buff it gets is the decreased spread.
And to be honest, I am not really into the entire "get close" thing, I tend to max out damage perks and pick off enemies at distance, so much that I had a lot of trouble with Fo3 at first, it isn't nearly as Sniper-friendly as NV, then Sneak so nothing can see me, and Explosives simply because I love using the Red Glare, even if it isn't the best weapon.
|#175 - I am talking about 2x Deathclaws minimum, which is still not m… [+] (1 new reply)
|01/31/2014 on Fallout
#178 - dudewitharake (01/31/2014) [-]
true, would've been nice if it didn't have an inherent difficulty cap when selecting enemies, otherwise it's pretty much a cake walk relatively speaking of course
|#169 - >only one Radscopion [+] (3 new replies)
|01/31/2014 on Fallout
#170 - dudewitharake (01/31/2014) [-]
#175 - hamstergeddon (01/31/2014) [-]
I am talking about 2x Deathclaws minimum, which is still not much, but at least can do some damage if you aren't prepared.
I wish we could have Irradiated Deathclaws(from the Divide) or Tunnelers in The Thorn, would've made the place more interesting at higher level.
#178 - dudewitharake (01/31/2014) [-]
true, would've been nice if it didn't have an inherent difficulty cap when selecting enemies, otherwise it's pretty much a cake walk relatively speaking of course


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The Fort Bend Kempner Cougars soccer team won Friday's away conference game against Fort Bend Travis by a score of 3-2.
(March 23, 2012: Richmond, TX 77406) In Friday's league game, the Fort Bend Kempner Cougars (Sugar Land, TX) soccer squad tipped the host Fort Bend Travis Tigers (Richmond, TX), by a final score of 3-2.
The Cougars (15-4) will now prepare for their game against Fort Bend Dulles (Sugar Land, TX). The Vikings go into the 5A Region 3 District 23 game with a 0-1 record. In their last game, Fort Bend Dulles was nudged by Fort Bend Kempner (Sugar Land, TX), 5-1, in a league game.


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Bedroom Available In Cosmo City Ext 10
A bedroom is available to rent in a 3bedroom house in cosmo city extension 10. Available from the 1st of june.
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Room To LetNEW
Good day i have room to let in a beautiful house in cosmo city ext 9.Contact me for viewing. Piso compartido.20 hours + 51 minutes ago in Iwanti
Room For Rent Ext 7
Enter description.A room in a 3 bedroom house in cosmo city ext 7 with cupboard n wall ropes.
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Cosmo City Newly Developed Houses For Sale
Cosmo city. Newly developed houses in cosmo city for sale various types of plans to choose... 2015 in your house and save. Why rent if you can qualify? Invest and save. Reply with your email...
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A Room Is Available With No Prefered Gender
A room is available in a three bedroom house at cosmo city ext 8 close to shoprite usave. The house is fully furnished,fenced as well and the room has a wardrobe. The rent is r1700 excluding electricity...1 day + 17 hours ago
Large Bedroom Available In A 3bed House In Cosmo City Ext 5 3 Dormitorios2 bathrooms
One big bedroom ( about 11 square meters) is available for a single person in a house in cosmo city ext 5the room comes with a built in wardrobe. Can fit a double bed and headboard easily. Share...1 day + 15 hours ago in Iwanti
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Property is situated in a good area of cosmo city in ext 5. Price is just a guide and offers will be considered.
7 photos15 Jan 2016 in Persquare - Ontime Auctions
6 Bedroom House For Sale In Cosmo City For R 2 250 000 With Web Reference 103704764UPDATED
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Rent To Buys Fleurhof Soweto Cosmo City And Vosloorus
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3 Bedroom House In Cosmo City
3 bedrooms, 2 bathrooms with 1 garage house in cosmo city this beautiful, well maintained property is situated in cosmo city ext 7 is a great value for money and must see! This property is situated close...19 Jun 2016 in privateproperty
There are 202 houses matching your search updated in the last 24 hours, 255 updated over the past 7 days, 257 over the past 14 and 319 over the past 30 days.
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Forum indexSony Cyber-shot TalkChange forum
Sony Cyber-shot DSC-P30 review
Started Jun 26, 2004 | User reviews
Shop cameras & lenses ▾
David Claudius Moore • New Member • Posts: 4
Sony Cyber-shot DSC-P30 review
Jun 26, 2004 • Review of Sony Cyber-shot DSC-P30
This was my first digital camera. I purchased it by and large to replace my rangefinder snapshot camera since it was about the same size and ease to pack around. I could also use Adobe Photoshop Elements ver1.0 to process the pictures rather than get a CD from the lab.
I very much like the memory stick system that SONY uses for storage.
The lens assembly motor failed on me after just two years which warrented a $150 repair bill
David Claudius Moore's gear list:David Claudius Moore's gear list
Canon EOS 7D Mark II Canon EF-S 17-55mm f/2.8 IS USM Canon EF 16-35mm f/4L IS USM
1 megapixels • 1.5″ screen • 41 – 123 mm (3×)
Announced: Feb 9, 2001
|David Claudius Moore's score
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|See all 81 reviews »
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4 reviews | 5 out of 5
Great sitcom purchase. You will not be dissapointed. It's great to see the whole gang together again. My favorite episode is when Helen gets Brian to fly her and Antonio to Mexico for a "quickie divorce" and she leaves her sister in charge of the airport counter and in charge of making sure Joe doesn't find out about the trip. Remember that anoying old man that asked a lot of questions? He's back. Absolutely hilarious! In addition I would like to say that the "site to store" service from Walmart is awesome. Order your stuff and pick it up at the store you designate. No shipping costs. They even check the product to make sure nothing happened to it before you leave the store. I highly recommend it.
If you are a Wings Fan you will purchase this, if youu don't don't call yourself a wings fan..... It is a must for the sitcon enthusiast.
Wonderful to see this show again. It's like seeing old family.
One of my favorite sitcoms.


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text:
|Publication number
|Publication type
|Application number
|Publication date
|Jan 25, 2005
|Filing date
|Jul 22, 2003
|Priority date
|Jul 22, 2003
|Fee status
|Also published as
|Publication number
|Troy L. Stockstad
|Original Assignee
|Standard Microsystems Corporation
|Export Citation
|BiBTeX, EndNote, RefMan
|Patent Citations (15), Non-Patent Citations (3), Referenced by (23), Classifications (7), Legal Events (3)
|External Links: USPTO, USPTO Assignment, Espacenet
1. Field of the Invention
This invention relates generally to the field of integrated circuit design and, more particularly, to the design of temperature measuring devices and analog-to-digital converters in integrated circuit systems.
2. Description of the Related Art
Many digital systems, especially those that include high-performance, high-speed circuits, are prone to operational variances due to temperature effects. Devices that monitor temperature and voltage are often included as part of such systems in order to maintain the integrity of the system components. Personal computers (PC), signal processors and high-speed graphics adapters, among others, typically benefit from such temperature monitoring circuits. For example, a central processor unit (CPU) that typically "runs hot" as its operating temperature reaches high levels may require a temperature sensor in the PC to insure that it doesn't malfunction or break due to thermal problems.
Often, integrated circuit (IC) solutions designed to measure temperature in a system will monitor the voltage across a diode (or multiple diodes) at different current densities to extract a temperature value. This method generally involves amplifying (or gaining up) a small voltage generated on the diode(s), and then subtracting voltage from the amplified temperature-dependent voltage in order to center the amplified (gained) value for conversion by an analog-to-digital converter (ADC). In other words, temperature-to-digital conversion for IC-based temperature measuring solutions is often accomplished by measuring a difference in voltage across the terminals of typically identical diodes when different current densities are forced through the PN junctions of the diodes. The resulting change in the base-emitter voltage between the diodes (ΔVBE) is generally proportional to temperature. More specifically, a relationship between the base-emitter voltage (VBE) and temperature is defined by the equation
where k is constant, q represents charge, T represents absolute temperature, ls represents saturation current and I represents the collector current. A more efficient and precise method of obtaining ΔVBE is to supply the PN junction of a single diode with two separate and different currents in a predetermined ratio. Consequently, ΔVBE may be related to temperature by the equation
where N is a constant representing a preselected ratio of the two separate currents that are supplied to the PN junction of the diode.
A typical dynamic range of ΔVBE, however, is small relative to dynamic ranges that are typical of analog-to-digital converters (ADCs). That is, ΔVBE, which is used to measure the PN junction temperature, generally has a small dynamic range, for example on the order of around 60 mV in some systems. Therefore it is generally required to further process ΔVBE in order to match the dynamic range of ADCs. Typically, in order to obtain the desired conversion values at various temperatures, ΔVBE is multiplied by a large gain, and then centered to zero, which can be accomplished by subtracting a fixed voltage.
In general, implementations today perform the temperature signal processing (TSP) in a separate temperature sensor circuit that generates a sufficiently large voltage signal, which is fed into a separate ADC that may have been designed using a number of different topologies. Temperature-to-digital converters (TDC) of such implementations usually contain complex circuits with high power dissipation. The yield of these TDCs during the fabrication process may also be low as there are many components that need to be matched for a given process spread.
An example of a typical temperature measurement system, which includes an ADC, is illustrated in
Voltage-temperature relationships characterizing TSP 100 may be described by the following equations:
Vtemp=C I /C T *ΔV BE(T)−C I /C O * Voffset, where
C I /C T=(ADC dynamic range)/(ΔV BE (Tmax)−ΔV BE(Tmin)), and
Voffset=(C I /C T *ΔV BE(Tmax)−(ADC dynamic range))*C O /C 1.
Tmax and Tmin represent maximum and minimum diode temperatures, respectively. ADC dynamic range indicates a range of valid voltage values required for proper ADC operation. Disadvantages of the typical system as illustrated in
Therefore, there exists a need for a system and method for designing a more accurate and less area-intensive temperature-to-digital converter with a reduced number of capacitor components and amplifiers.
In one set of embodiments the invention comprises a system and method for performing temperature monitoring in a digital system by capturing a change in a PN-junction voltage (ΔVBE), which is proportional to a temperature of the PN-junction, and using an analog-to-digital converter (ADC) to perform on ΔVBE all required signal conditioning functions to output a numeric value corresponding to the temperature of the PN-junction. Various embodiments of the invention may also include performing voltage monitoring.
In one embodiment, a delta-sigma ADC is coupled to a temperature sampling circuit and a voltage sampling circuit, where the temperature sampler circuit includes a first PN-junction coupled directly to the delta-sigma ADC, in effect providing a ΔVBE signal directly to the delta-sigma ADC. An integrator inherent in the delta-sigma ADC may be used to amplify ΔVBE, eliminating the need for a fixed gain amplifier. Amplification provided by the integrator may be used to match the voltage range of ΔVBE, which corresponds to the input dynamic range of the PN-junction over temperature, to the dynamic range of the delta-sigma ADC, which corresponds to the output voltage range of the delta-sigma ADC. The delta-sigma ADC may also perform subtracting an offset voltage from the amplified ΔVBE to compensate for ΔVBE being non-zero at the lowest operating temperature of the PN-junction, thus centering the voltage range of the amplified ΔVBE to the dynamic range of the delta-sigma ADC.
In one embodiment, the delta-sigma ADC includes an auto-zeroed switched-capacitor integrator. The temperature sampling circuit may include a second and third PN-junction and a current supply that may include a first and second current source. The switched-capacitor integrator may be divided into an amplifier circuit and a set of input-capacitor network circuits. In one embodiment, the amplifier circuit includes an operational transconductance amplifier (OTA) configured with feedback integration capacitors and feedback hold capacitors. The set of input-capacitor circuits may include a temperature-mode, a voltage-mode, a reference, and an offset-reference input-capacitor network circuit. The temperature-mode input-capacitor circuit and the voltage-mode input-capacitor circuit may be selectively coupled to the amplifier circuit by a multiplexer circuit for performing temperature monitoring and voltage monitoring, respectively. The reference input-capacitor circuit may be coupled to the amplifier circuit to perform reference voltage subtraction according to the function of the delta-sigma ADC. The offset-reference input-capacitor circuit may be coupled to the amplifier circuit to perform offset voltage subtraction for centering the value range of the amplified ΔVBE signal.
In one embodiment, the first, second, and third PN-junctions are coupled to the OTA through the temperature-mode input-capacitor network circuit, which includes a first and second input sample capacitor and a first and second input charge replacement capacitor. The first PN-junction may be coupled to the inputs of the OTA through the first and second input sample capacitors. The second PN-junction may be coupled to the inverting input of the OTA through the first input charge replacement capacitor. The third PN-junction may be coupled to the non-inverting input of the OTA through the second input charge replacement capacitor. In one embodiment, temperature monitoring is performed by applying the first current source to the second PN-junction and applying the second current source to the third PN-junction, while the first current source is applied to the first PN-junction during the sampling phase of the switched-capacitor integrator and the second current source is applied to the first PN-junction during the integrating phase of the switched-capacitor integrator. Current supplied by the first current source may be an integer multiple of current supplied by the second current source. Values of the input capacitors, input charge replacement capacitors, and feedback integration capacitors may be selected to obtain the desired gain and autozeroing functionality.
Thus, various embodiments of the invention may provide a means for performing temperature-to-digital conversion by applying a ΔVBE signal directly to an ADC that performs all necessary signal-processing functions, including matching and centering the voltage range of ΔVBE to the dynamic range of the ADC.
The foregoing, as well as other objects, features, and advantages of this invention may be more completely understood by reference to the following detailed description when read together with the accompanying drawings in which:
While the invention is susceptible to various modifications and alternative forms, specific embodiments thereof are shown by way of example in the drawings and will herein be described in detail. It should be understood, however, that the drawings and detailed description thereto are not intended to limit the invention to the particular form disclosed, but on the contrary, the intention is to cover all modifications, equivalents, and alternatives falling within the spirit and scope of the present invention as defined by the appended claims. Note, the headings are for organizational purposes only and are not meant to be used to limit or interpret the description or claims. Furthermore, note that the word "may" is used throughout this application in a permissive sense (i.e., having the potential to, being able to), not a mandatory sense (i.e., must)." The term "include", and derivations thereof, mean "including, but not limited to". The term "connected" means "directly or indirectly connected", and the term "coupled" means "directly or indirectly connected".
As used herein, a "trigger" signal is defined as a signal that is used to initiate, or "trigger", an event or a sequence of events in a digital system. A trigger signal is said to be in a "triggering state" at a time when it initiates a desired event, or sequence of events. A periodic trigger signal may commonly be referred to as a "clock". In a "synchronous" digital system, generally a clock, commonly referred to as a "system clock", may be used for initiating most events, or sequences of events. An example of a triggering state may be, but is not limited to, a rising edge of a pulse of a clock in a synchronous digital system. A clock is referred to as a "free-running" clock when the clock is available continuously, without interruption, during operations that require the clock. In other words, a clock is not free-running when it is not available during all operations that require the clock.
When an event, or a sequence of events, is said to be initiated "in response to" receiving a stimulus signal, it may be implied that the event, or the sequence of events, is initiated as a result of a combination of a trigger signal, used in triggering the event or sequence of events, being in a triggering state at a time when the stimulus signal is asserted. In one set of embodiments, the sending of a pulse through an output port may indicate a point in time at which a leading edge of the pulse occurs at the output port, and the receiving of a pulse through an input port may indicate a point in time at which a leading edge of the pulse occurs at the input port. The term "latency" is defined as a period of time of finite length. A signal is said to be delayed "by a latency" when a time period normally required for the signal to travel from a source point to a destination point is increased by a time period equivalent to the latency, where the signal is being delayed between the source point and the destination point. The word "alternately" is meant to imply passing back and forth from one state, action, or place to another state, action, or place, respectively. For example, "alternately applying a first current source and a second current source" would mean applying the first current source, then applying the second current source, then applying the first current source, then applying the second current source, and so on.
A "diode-junction-voltage" (VBE) refers to a voltage measured across the junction of a diode, or a difference in voltage between a voltage measured at the anode of the diode junction with respect to a common ground and a voltage measured at the cathode of the diode junction with respect to the common ground. A "change in diode-junction-voltage" (ΔVBE) refers to a change in diode-junction-voltage for a chosen diode, either in time or in different circuit configurations. For example, if in one circuit configuration VBE=700 mV for a diode, and in a different circuit configuration VBE=655 mV for the diode, then ΔVBE=45 mV for the diode when referencing to the two different circuit configurations. Similarly, for example, if at a time point t1 VBE=650 mV for a diode, and at a time point t2 VBE=702 mV for the diode, then ΔVBE=52 mV for the diode when referencing time points t1 and t2. A diode is used as one way of accessing a PN-junction across which voltage measurements to obtain VBE may be made. More generally, diode-junction may also mean PN-junction or NP-junction, which defines the physical attributes of the junction selected for obtaining temperature values through performing voltage measurements. Various embodiments of the circuit are described as utilizing a diode. However, in other embodiments, the operation performed by the diode may be achieved using other circuitry, such as a PN-junction (or NP-junction) present in devices other than a diode. Therefore, the terms PN-junction, NP-junction, diode, and diode-junction are used interchangeably, and all respective terms associated therewith may be interpreted accordingly.
Referring again to
Operation of the circuit shown in
Operation of the circuit shown in
Referring back to
Gain=G=Vref/ΔV BE(max)−ΔV BE(min). (1)
This gain may be implemented by selecting the value of Cinp 310 to be a multiple G of CIp 420 and the value of Cinm 312 to be a multiple G of CIm 422. Also, since ΔVBE(min) is not 0, an offset voltage is subtracted to center the range of amplified ΔVBE values to stay within the valid dynamic range of ADC 200. The value of the offset voltage in terms of Vref may be expressed by the following equation:
Voffset=(G*ΔV BE(max)−Vref). (2)
ORB 251, as shown in
In one embodiment, values of Crefp 510, Crefpr 514, Crefm 512 and Crefmr 516 for ORB 251 may be selected based on the Voffset_gain defined in equation (2) above, as defined in the following equations:
Crefp=Crefpr=CIp*(Voffset_gain/Vref) (3)
Crefm=Crefmr=CIm*(Voffset_gain/Vref). (4)
Values of Crefp 510, Crefpr 514, Crefm 512 and Crefmr 516 for implementing RB 254 may be chosen such that a unity gain is maintained in order for the proper Vref value to be subtracted during the integration phase when comparator 222 output 238 is at a logic value of "1". Selection of the corresponding values are defined in the following equations:
Crefp=Crefpr=CIp (5)
Crefm=Crefmr=CIm. (6)
In a preferred embodiment, CIp 420 and CIm 422 are each assigned a value of IpF, and CHp 418 and CHm 424 are each assigned a value of 0.5 pF. In conjunction, Cinp 410, Cinm 412, Cinpr 414 and Cinmr 416 are each assigned a value of 1 pF, Cinp 310, Cinm 312, Cinp 310 b, Cinm 312 b, Cinpr 314 b, and Cinmr 316 b are each assigned a value of 24 pF, and Cinpr 314 and Cinmr 316 are each assigned a value of 12 pF. Correspondingly, Crefp 510, Crefm 512, Crefpr 514 and Crefmr 516 included in RB 254 are each assigned a value of 1 pF, and Crefp 510, Crefm 512, Crefpr 514 and Crefmr 516 included in ORB 251 are each assigned a value of 0.3 pF.
While various embodiments of the invention are described with diodes 358, 360, and 362 being part of one physical circuit that also includes the ADC, other embodiments may have the diodes externally coupled to the ADC. Similarly, while various embodiments of the invention are also described as combining temperature input signal conditioning with the integration function of a delta-sigma ADC, the invention may combine in a similar manner the temperature input signal conditioning with corresponding functions of other ADC architectures that include an integrator or gain amplifier, for example pipeline ADCs and cyclic ADCs.
Thus, various embodiments of the systems and methods described above may facilitate the design of an accurate and less area-intensive temperature-to-digital converter and digital monitoring system, with a reduced number of capacitor components and amplifiers. Such converters may be implemented without recourse to voltage conditioning circuitry, such as amplifiers and reference voltage offsets, present outside any analog-to-digital converters that may be used in implementing the digital monitoring. Furthermore, analog-to-digital converters implemented in accordance with various embodiments of the present invention may not be limited to temperature monitoring, but may in addition be used to monitor other characteristics of a system as well, such as various voltages sources present in the system.
Although the embodiments above have been described in considerable detail, other versions are possible. Numerous variations and modifications will become apparent to those skilled in the art once the above disclosure is fully appreciated. It is intended that the following claims be interpreted to embrace all such variations and modifications. Note the section headings used herein are for organizational purposes only and are not meant to limit the description provided herein or the claims attached hereto.
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|U.S. Classification
|International Classification
|Cooperative Classification
|European Classification
|Jul 22, 2003
Owner name: STANDARD MICROSYSTEMS CORPORATION, NEW YORK
Free format text: ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST;ASSIGNOR:STOCKSTAD, TROY L.;REEL/FRAME:014329/0517
Effective date: 20030714
|Jun 30, 2008
|Fee payment
Year of fee payment: 4
|Jun 15, 2012
|Fee payment
Year of fee payment: 8


text:
Michael Sarrazin Died With Family by His Side
Actor Michael Sarrazin has died after a battle with cancer. He was 70. The Canadian star, who found fame starring opposite Jane Fonda in 1969 movie "They Shoot Horses", passed away on Sunday, April 17, in Montreal, Canada with his family by his side.
Sarrazan, real name Jacques Michel Andre Sarrazin, was best known for playing a director in the Sydney Pollack drama opposite Fonda, who portrayed a suicidal woman who heads to Hollywood. He also notably starred in Journey to Shiloh opposite Harrison Ford, "The Flim-Flam Man", "Sometimes A Great Notion" and "The Gumball Rally".
Director George Mihalka, who cast Sarrazin in 1993's La Florida, says, "Michael was one of the most talented, generous and committed actors I have ever worked with. He never stopped surprising me with his wit, charm and, above all, his humility and simple decency."
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Contact Centre Executive
Posted 14 July by Reed Featured
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Customer Care Manager
Posted 18 July by Deverell Smith Featured
Temp Outbound Customer Services/Sales Representative
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Customer Service Specialist - Consumer Team
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German speaking Customer Relations Associate
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Customer Service Representative
Posted Today by Randstad Employment Bureau New
Customer Service Representative - Dutch speaking
Posted 4 days ago by Language Matters
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