text:
|Publication number
|Publication type
|Application number
|Publication date
|Aug 17, 1999
|Filing date
|May 2, 1997
|Priority date
|May 2, 1997
|Fee status
|Also published as
|Publication number
|Donald S. T. Wang
|Original Assignee
|Advanced Elastomer Systems, L.P.
|Export Citation
|BiBTeX, EndNote, RefMan
|Patent Citations (14), Non-Patent Citations (1), Referenced by (18), Classifications (10), Legal Events (5)
|External Links: USPTO, USPTO Assignment, Espacenet
High elasticity foams are prepared by blending a thermoplastic vulcanizate (TPV) with an elastic thermoplastic. The resulting blend can be chemically or mechanically foamed. The foams have high elongation to break (e.g. 250-500% or more) and when the extending force is withdrawn, they retract to approximately their original dimensions.
Thermoplastic elastomers (thermoplastic vulcanizates) have been foamed both chemically and mechanically as disclosed in U.S. Pat. No. 5,070,111. A preferred mechanical foaming agent is water due to its low toxicity. These foams can have elongations to break up to about 200%.
Elastic thermoplastics can be chemically foamed but are not readily foamed mechanically such as with water.
Thermoplastic elastomers have been modified with random or block styrene copolymers as disclosed in U.S. Pat. No. 4,906,683.
Polyurethane foams have been popular due to the ability to make both rigid foams and elastic foams by changing the chemical composition of the urethane polymers. Although there may be some exceptions, generally urethane foams are not reprocessable.
Blends of thermoplastic vulcanizates (TPV) and elastic thermoplastic polymers can be either chemically or mechanically foamed into reprocessable compositions that have high elongation (e.g. in excess of 250 or 500% or more elongation to break). These compositions also have elastic memory--as more than 60 to 90% of the samples' deformation can be recovered by the retraction forces in the composition. A recovery of 90% or more means the permanent set is less than 10% as the values are complementary. Typically approximately original length recovery occurs (within a minute) at 25�2� C. Although the elongation rate can vary the values reported are based on tensile elongation at about 20 inches per minute based on a jaw separation of 2 inches.
The foamed compositions can have densities of less than 0.75 g/cc or 0.60 g/cc, more desirably from 0.05 to 0.60, and preferably from about 0.05 to about 0.40 g/cc. Depending on the composition and the foaming details both open cell and/or closed cell foam can be produced. The skin of the foamed articles can be smooth or rough.
The elastic thermoplastic polymer can be block copolymer of hard and soft segments. They are not thermoplastic vulcanizates. At the use temperature the hard segments can aggregate and act as physical crosslinks. The soft segments provide deformability. Examples include styrene or other vinyl aromatic monomers as the hard segments and a rubbery block as the soft segment such as polydiene rubber or a hydrogenated diene rubber. These block copolymers typically have greater than 90% recovery of their elongation on the second or third stretch in the elasticity test.
The elastic thermoplastic polymer can also be other polymers from two or more monomers such as ethylene-vinyl acetate, ethylene-methyl acrylate, ethylene-styrene, or ethylene-butyl acrylate copolymer, etc. These type of polymers can have more permanent set, e.g., less than about 30 or 40% in the elasticity test (e.g., recovery of about 60 or more or 70% or more).
The elastic thermoplastic polymers vary from other thermoplastics by having a tensile elongation to break of at least 200% at 25� C.
A high elasticity foam has been developed from a blend of a thermoplastic vulcanizate and an elastic thermoplastic polymer. These foams differ from the prior art foams from thermoplastic vulcanizates in that they have elongations to break in excess of 250% and into the range of 500% elongation or more. Generally, unmodified thermoplastic vulcanizates have elongations to break of less than 250%. These blends can be mechanically foamed. An advantage of mechanically formed foams over chemically formed foams is that they can be mechanically foamed with non-reactive relatively benign mechanical foaming agents such as water. These mechanically foamed foams have less tendency to result in contact dermatitis.
An elastic thermoplastic polymer has the properties of a thermoplastic (e.g it is reprocessable without cleaving chemical bonds) and an elastomer (e.g. it is extensible to several hundred percent elongation with recovery of approximately the initial length after the extending force is removed). Elastic thermoplastic polymers as used herein are generally not chemically crosslinked but may have one or more phases that acts as a physical crosslink below a certain use temperature. This allows the elastic thermoplastic polymers to be melt processed (deformed and shaped) above the use temperature and then act as a crosslinked material (retracting to predefined size and shape) at the use temperature or below the use temperature. An elastic thermoplastic polymer can be a thermoplastic block copolymer elastomer or can be a thermoplastic polymer that has some elastic characteristics. Examples of elastic thermoplastic polymers include styrene block copolymers with rubbery blocks, ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymers, ethylene-styrene copolymers, ethylene-methyl acrylate copolymers and ethylene-butyl acrylate copolymers.
The elastic thermoplastic polymers of this invention generally will have elongations to break in excess of 200% at an elongation rate of 20 inches per minute at 25� C. They will also have approximate recovery of their initial length following the elongation. More preferred elastic thermoplastic polymers will have elongations of at least 350% and still more preferably greater than or equal to 500%. They will desirably have recovery of that elongation. Desirably that recovery according to the elastic recovery test or the elasticity test will be in excess of 60% and more desirably in excess of 70, 80 or 90%.
The elastic thermoplastic polymer of the blend of the thermoplastic vulcanizate and the elastic thermoplastic polymer can be any elastic thermoplastic, but excludes thermoplastic vulcanizates. The thermoplastic elastomer polymer will desirably have at least about 2 blocks of thermoplastic polymer such as derived from a vinyl aromatic monomer having from 8 to 15 carbon atoms such as styrene, paramethylstyrene, and alphamethyl-styrene, or other thermoplastic polymers such as methyl-methacrylate etc. These thermoplastic polymer blocks could act as physical crosslinks at temperatures below their melting temperature. Melting temperature will be defined as the temperature above which the polymer softens enough to be extrudable and injection moldable. Between the thermoplastic blocks are desirably one or more blocks of an elastomeric polymer that is extensible at temperatures above their glass transition temperature. The glass transition temperature of elastomeric polymers are generally below and desirably well below 25� C. The elastomeric or rubbery polymer can be any rubbery polymer that can be functionalized with said hard segments to form block copolymers. The preferred rubbery blocks are polybutadiene; polyisoprene; poly(styrene-butadiene); poly(isobutylene); ethylene-propylene; or hydrogenated (partially preferred) versions of the above polymers from conjugated dienes. The preferred rubbery polymers from conjugated dienes have from about 50 to about 100 weight percent repeat units from one or more conjugated dienes having from 4 to 8 carbon atoms. Optionally, these polymers can include repeat units from a vinyl aromatic monomer(s) having from 8 to 12 carbon atoms.
The elastic thermoplastic polymer can also be other polymers from two or more monomers such as ethylene-vinyl acetate, ethylene-methyl acrylate, ethylene-styrene, or ethylene-butyl acrylate copolymer, etc. These type of polymers will be described as polymers desirably having at least 40 wt. % of repeat units from ethylene. They are often called reactor copolymers or polymers from metallocene catalyst. Preferred are ethylene based copolymers. These type of polymers can have more permanent set, e.g., less than about 30 or 40% in the elasticity test (e.g., recovery of about 60 or more or 70% or more).
A thermoplastic vulcanizate (TPV) is generally defined as a reprocessable material that has at least one partially or fully crosslinked rubbery component. It typically also has a thermoplastic component which makes it reprocessable. Typically the thermoplastic phase may be a polyolefin, polyamide, polyester, or polyurethane that is reprocessable at a temperature above its melt temperature.
The term thermoplastic vulcanizate is used herein to mean a mixture ranging from small particles of crosslinked rubber well dispersed in the thermoplastic matrix to co-continuous phases of the crystalline polymer, e.g. polyolefin, and a partially to fully crosslinked rubber, or combinations thereof. The term thermoplastic vulcanizate is limited to where the rubber phase is at least partially vulcanized (crosslinked). A thermoplastic vulcanizate possesses the properties of a thermoset elastomer and is reprocessable in an internal mixer. Upon reaching temperatures above the softening point or melting point of the plastic phase they can form continuous sheets and/or molded articles with complete knitting or fusion of the thermoplastic vulcanizate under conventional molding or shaping conditions for thermoplastics.
In embodiments where the rubber phase of the thermoplastic vulcanizate is to be fully crosslinked, desirably less than 3 wt. % and more desirably less than 1 wt. % of the crosslinkable rubber is extractable from the specimen of the thermoplastic vulcanizate in boiling xylene following dynamic vulcanization. Techniques for determining extractable rubber as set forth in U.S. Pat. No. 4,311,628 are herein incorporated by reference.
The plastic component portion of the thermoplastic vulcanizate may be a crystalline polyolefin, a co-polyamide, a copolyester, or a thermoplastic polyurethane. The crystalline polyolefin comprises crystalline thermoplastic polymers from the polymerization of monoolefin monomers by a high pressure, low pressure or intermediate pressure process; or by Ziegler Natta catalysts or by metallocene catalysts. Desirably the monoolefin monomers converted to repeat units are at least 95 wt. % monoolefins of the formula CH2 ═C(CH3)--R or CH2 ═CHR where R is a H or a linear or branched alkyl group of from 1 to 12 carbon atoms. Preferred crystalline polyolefins are polyethylene and polypropylene or their copolymers and mixtures thereof. The polyethylene can be high density, low density, linear low density, or very low density. The polypropylene can be a homopolymer as well as a reactor copolymer polypropylene. Generally the higher the melting temperature of the plastic phase the higher the potential use temperature of the thermoplastic vulcanizate.
The plastic of the thermoplastic vulcanizate is desirably from about 15 to about 80 parts by weight, more desirably from about 25 to about 75 parts by weight, and preferably from about 25 to about 50 parts by weight per 100 parts of the blend of plastic and the crosslinkable rubber in the thermoplastic vulcanizate. The crosslinkable rubber is desirably from about 20 to about 85 parts by weight, more desirably from about 25 to about 75 parts by weight and preferably from about 50 to about 75 parts by weight per 100 parts by weight of said blend in the thermoplastic vulcanizate. If the amount of plastic is based on the amount of crosslinkable rubber, it is desirably from about 15 to about 400 parts by weight, more desirably from about 30 to about 350 parts and preferably from about 35 to about 300 parts by weight per 100 parts by weight of the crosslinkable rubber.
The crosslinkable rubber can be any rubber having residual unsaturation or curable functional sites that can react and be crosslinked with curing agents under conventional crosslinking conditions. Examples of crosslinking agents include sulfurs, phenolic resin, peroxides, diamines, phenylenedimaleimide, hydrosilation agent, etc. The rubbers can include natural rubber, EPDM rubber, butyl rubber, halobutyl rubber, halogenated copolymers of isobutylene and para-methylstyrene (e.g. Exxpro™ Br-XP-50), synthetic rubbers from at least one conjugated diene having from 4 to 10 carbon atoms, or partially hydrogenated synthetic rubbers or combinations thereof. Also included are rubbers comprising at least one alpha-olefin, at least one vinylidene aromatic compound, and at least one diene. EPDM, butyl, and halobutyl rubbers are referred to as rubbers low in residual unsaturation and are preferred when the vulcanizate needs good thermal stability or oxidative stability. The rubbers low in residual unsaturation desirably have less than 10 wt. % repeat units having unsaturation. For the purpose of this invention copolymers will be used to define polymers from two or more monomers and polymers can have repeat units from 1 or more different monomers.
The rubber is desirably an olefin rubber such as EPDM type rubber. EPDM type rubbers are generally terpolymers derived from the polymerization of at least two monoolefin monomers having from 2 to 10 carbon atoms, preferably 2 to 4 carbon atoms, and at least one poly-unsaturated olefin having from 5 to 20 carbon atoms. Said monoolefins desirably have the formula CH2 ═CH--R where R is a H or an alkyl of 1-12 carbon atoms and are preferably ethylene and propylene. Desirably the ethylene and propylene are present in the polymer in weight ratios of 5:95 to 95:5 (ethylene/propylene) and constitute from about 90 to about 99.6 wt. % of the polymer. The polyunsaturated olefin can be a straight chained, branched, cyclic, bridged ring, bicyclic, fused ring bicyclic compound, etc., such as 1,4-hexadiene,dicyclopentadiene, and ethylidene norbornene. Preferably it is a nonconjugated diene. Desirably repeat units from the non-conjugated polyunsaturated olefin is from about 0.4 to about 10 wt. % of the rubber.
The rubber can be a butyl rubber. Butyl rubber is defined a polymer predominantly comprised of repeat units from isobutylene but including a few repeat units of a monomer which provides sites for crosslinking. The monomers which provide sites for crosslinking can be a polyunsaturated monomer such as a conjugated diene or divinyl benzene or it can be paramethylstyrene which is brominated after being polymerized. Desirably from about 90 to about 99.5 wt. % of the butyl rubber is repeat units derived from the polymerization of isobutylene and from about 0.5 to about 10 wt. % of the repeat units are from a polyunsaturated monomer having from 4 to 12 carbon atoms. Alternatively, the polymer may include from about 85 to about 99.5 wt. % repeat units from isobutylene and from about 0.5 to about 15 wt. % repeat units from paramethylstyrene. Desirably such a copolymer is halogenated such as brominated. Preferably the polyunsaturated monomer is isoprene or divinylbenzene. The polymer may be halogenated to further enhance reactivity in crosslinking. Preferably the halogen is present in amounts from about 0.1 to about 10 wt. %, more preferably about 0.5 to about 3.0 wt. % and preferably the halogen is chlorine or bromine.
Other rubber such as natural rubber or a synthetic rubber from at least one conjugated diene can be used in the dynamic vulcanizate. These rubbers are higher in unsaturation than EPDM rubber and butyl rubber. The natural rubber and synthetic rubber can optionally be partially hydrogenated to increase thermal and oxidative stability. The synthetic rubber can be nonpolar or polar depending on the comonomers. Desirably the synthetic rubber has at least repeat units from at least one conjugated diene monomer having from 4 to 8 carbon atoms. Comonomers may be used and include vinyl aromatic monomer(s) having from 8 to 12 carbon atoms and acrylonitrile or alkyl substituted acrylonitrile monomer(s) having from 3 to 8 carbon atoms. Other comonomers desirably used include repeat units from monomers having unsaturated carboxylic acids, unsaturated dicarboxylic acids, unsaturated anhydrides of dicarboxylic acids and other monomers having from 3 to 20 carbon atoms. Examples of synthetic rubbers include synthetic polyisoprene, polybutadiene rubber, styrene-butadiene rubber, butadiene-acrylonitrile rubber etc. Amine functionalized or epoxy functionalized synthetic rubbers may be used. Examples of these include amine functionalized EPDM, and epoxy functionalized natural rubbers. These materials are commercially available.
The thermoplastic vulcanizates of this disclosure are generally prepared by melt mixing the crystalline polymer (e.g. polyolefin), the unsaturated rubber, and other ingredients (filler, plasticizer lubricant, stabilizer, etc.) in a mixer heated to above the melting temperature of the crystalline polymer (e.g. polyolefin). The optional fillers, plasticizers, additives etc. can be added at this stage or later. After sufficient molten-state mixing to form a well mixed blend, vulcanizing agents (also known as curatives or crosslinkers) are generally added. It is convenient to follow the progress of vulcanization by monitoring mixing torque or mixing energy requirements during mixing. The mixing torque or mixing energy curve generally goes through a maximum after which mixing can be continued somewhat longer to improve the fabricability of the blend. If desired, one can add some of the ingredients after the dynamic vulcanization is complete. After discharge from the mixer, the blend containing vulcanized rubber and the thermoplastic can be milled, chopped, extruded, pelletized, injection molded, or processed by any other desirable technique. It is usually desirable to allow the fillers and a portion of any plasticizer to distribute themselves in the rubber or crystalline polyolefin phase before the rubber phase or phases are crosslinked. Crosslinking (vulcanization) of the rubber can occur in a few minutes or less depending on the mix temperature, shear rate, activators and curatives. Suitable curing temperatures include from about 120� C. for a crystalline polyethylene or 175� C. for a crystalline polypropylene phase to about 250� C., more preferred temperatures are from about 150 or 170 to about 200 or 225� C. The mixing equipment can include Banbury™ mixers, Brabender™ mixers and certain mixing extruders.
The thermoplastic vulcanizate or the blend of the thermoplastic vulcanizate and the elastic thermoplastic polymer having a capacity for retractable 200% or more elongation can include a variety of additives. The additives include particulate fillers such as carbon black, silica, or titanium dioxide, colored pigments, clay, zinc oxide, stearic acid, stabilizers, antidegradants, flame retardants, processing aids, adhesives, tackifiers, plasticizers, wax, discontinuous fibers (such as wood cellulose fibers) and extender oils. When extender oil is used it can be present in amounts from about 5 to about 300 parts by weight per 100 parts by weight of the blend of crystalline polymer (e.g. polyolefin) and crosslinkable rubber in the thermoplastic vulcanizate. The amount of extender oil (e.g. hydrocarbon oils and ester plasticizers) may also be expressed as from about 30 to 250 parts, more desirably from about 70 to 200 parts by weight per 100 parts by weight of said crosslinkable rubber. When non-black fillers are used it is desirable to include a coupling agent to compatibilize the interface between the non-black fillers and polymers. Desirable amount of carbon black, when present, is from about 40 to about 250 parts by weight per 100 parts by weight of crosslinkable rubber of said thermoplastic vulcanizate and from about 10 to about 100 parts by weight per 100 total parts by weight total of said crosslinkable rubber and said extender oil.
The foamed blends of thermoplastic vulcanizate and elastic thermoplastic of the invention are useful for making a variety of articles such as waist bands, belts, gaskets, moldings and molded parts. They are particularly useful for making articles by extrusion. Injection molding and compression molding techniques could be used to form articles but the foaming action would have to be controlled appropriately to ensure product uniformity.
The stress-strain properties of the polymers or blends thermoplastic vulcanizate (TPV), elastic thermoplastic polymer, blend of TPV and elastic thermoplastic polymer, and foamed blend of TPV and elastic thermoplastic polymer! are determined in accordance with the test procedures set forth in ASTM D412. These properties include tension set (TS), ultimate tensile strength (UTS), 100% modulus (M100), 300% modulus (M300), and ultimate elongation at break (UE). The elastic recovery test involves elongating the sample, to 100% elongation, holding at 100% elongation for 10 minutes, and then releasing the tension and measuring as tension set the increase in length over its original length after resting and retracting for 10 minutes. One hundred minus the tension set is the elastic recovery. The elasticity test varies from the elastic recovery test. The elasticity test measures the stress and the strain with time as the sample is stretched to 150% elongation (rate 20 inches/min. based on a 2 inch jaw separation), held at 150% elongation for 30 seconds, and allowed to retract by removing the tension and allowing a 1 minute relaxation time. The percent set in the elasticity test is the difference in the sample length after the second stretch and the sample length after the 1st stretch divided by the length after the 1st stretch. The percent recovery in the elasticity test is 100 minus the % set.
Thermoplastic elastomers have been foamed using chemical blowing agents, low-boiling hydrocarbons, or chlorofluorocarbons as foaming agents. These have drawbacks, based on environmental considerations. Although the chlorofluorocarbons have been widely and effectively used in foaming thermoplastic elastomers, their perceived threat to the ozone layer has prompted a search for alternative foaming methods which do not possess environmental hazards or present any of the other drawbacks. Other foaming agents include isobutane, azodicarbonamides, sodium bicarbonate, sodium carbonate, etc. The process for using chemical blowing agents is explained in trade literature from companies such as Ready International Corp. in Keyport, N.J.
It has been found that thermoplastic vulcanizates can be foamed by heating them to above their melting point, admixing with a minor amount of water under pressure, and then releasing the mixture to atmospheric pressure. Excellent foaming can be accomplished with water as the sole foaming agent.
The thermoplastic elastomer composition is heated to a temperature above the melting point of the plastic. This step allows the composition to be handled and conveyed, as in an extruder, and also permits the admixture with the foaming agent, which is preferably water in one embodiment of the process of the invention. When using water, generally from 0.1 to 10 weight percent of water is added in this step, it is intimately mixed with the composition. It has been found that less than 0.1 weight percent of water produces such a small degree of foaming that it can be considered ineffective in the process. On the other hand, amounts of water in excess of 10 weight percent produce an unusable product which is insufficiently strong to be of any practical value. The desired amount of water can be easily calculated, based on the desired density of the finished foam, and verified with a minimum of experimentation. It will usually be desired to achieve a density reduction of from 10% to 70%, based on the density of the starting composition; this result can be accomplished within the water addition levels described above. The water can be admixed by itself or it can be added in combination with minor amounts of detergents, surfactants, or a glycol, such as ethylene glycol. No other foaming agents need to be used in the process.
The water foaming process lends itself especially well to continuous operation, using a mixing extruder. Although it could be performed in a batch mode, continuous production is greatly preferred.
Since the composition is at a temperature above the melting point of the plastic (typically substantially above 100� C.) when the water is added, pressure is required on the mixture so as to keep the water in its liquid stage. Depending on the actual temperature employed, the required pressure can be easily calculated, and is normally not excessive. At temperatures of from about 100� to about 250� C., this level of pressure can be accomplished with typical mixing extruders.
When the water has been admixed to the composition, the process is completed by releasing the mixture of the composition and the water to atmospheric pressure. This step can be, and usually will be combined with a shaping operation, as by extruding the mixture through a shaping die so as to form it into a profile. In this way, a strip of foamed thermoplastic elastomer is produced which can find use as a gasket or sealing strip. Alternatively, the mixture can be injected into a mold to produce a foamed thermoplastic part.
More detailed and specific instructions for water foaming are given in the examples of U.S. Pat. No. 5,070,111 hereby incorporated by reference.
TABLE I______________________________________Foam Properties from Thermoplastic Vulcanizatesor Elastic Thermoplastic Polymers. Elastic Per- Recov- cent ery Water Spe- Elonga- Test. Foam- cific tion % Set ing Gravi- at (Ten- Abili-Material ty Break sion) ty______________________________________Santoprene � (EPDM- <0.3 <200 10 Excell-Polyolefin Thermo- entplasticVulcanizate)Shore A 65Trefsin � <0.3 <200 15 Excell-(Butyl Rubber-Poly- entolefin Thermoplas-tic Vulcanizate)Shore A 65SIS (Styrene-Iso- ˜0.8 >1000 <5 Non-foam-prene Styrene Tri- able withblock Copolymer) WaterSBS (Styrene ˜0.8 >1000 <5 Non-Butadiene Styrene foamableTriblock Copolymer with WaterSEBS (Styrene-Eth- ˜0.8 <700 <5 Non-ylene-Butylene foamableStyrene Triblock withCopolymer) WaterSEPS (Styrene-Eth- ˜0.8 <700 <5 Non-ylene Propylene- foamableStyrene Triblock withCopolymer) WaterEVA (Ethylene- ˜0.8 <800 <15 Non-Vinylacetate with foamableapproximately 15 withwt. % vinylacetate WaterEMA (Ethylene ˜0.8 <1000 <10 Non-Methylacrylate foamableCopolymer) approx. with20 wt. % MA and Water80 wt. % E.______________________________________
Table I illustrates that thermoplastic vulcanizates (TPV) have excellent water foaming characteristics. However, they tend to have low elongations to break and relatively high percentages of set in the elastic recovery test. A high amount of set precludes applications requiring dimensional stability after repeated elongations. The elastic thermoplastic materials are generally non-foamable with water but have high elongations to break and relatively lower amounts of set after elongation.
TABLE II______________________________________Blends of Thermoplastic Vulcanizates With anElastic Thermoplastic Polymer Spe- Percent Water cific Elonga- Per- Foam- Gravi- tion cent ingMaterial ty at Break Set Ability______________________________________SIS/Santoprene � 0.6 800 <10 GoodSIS/Trefsin � 0.6 800 <10 GoodSBS/DVA's 0.4 400 <10 DifficultShore A 65SEBS or SEPS/ 0.6 <400 <10 MarginalSantopreneEVA/Santoprene 0.6 700 >10 Accept- ableEMA/Santoprene 0.6 <400 <10 Good______________________________________
The Santoprene�, Trefsin�, and DVA's (dynamically vulcanized alloys) were formulated with fillers, plasticizers, etc. to have Shore A values of about 65.
The blends of a thermoplastic vulcanizate with an elastic thermoplastic polymer in Table II have the desirable high elongation to break and low amounts of permanent set (elasticity test) of the elastic thermoplastic polymers of Table I but are readily water foamable as shown in the water foaming ability column. The specific gravity data shows the specific gravities are intermediate between those of the foamed thermoplastic vulcanizates and the non-water foamable elastic thermoplastics of Table I. It is believed that the thermoplastic vulcanizates aid in the dispersibility of the water in the blends of thermoplastic vulcanizates and elastic thermoplastic polymers resulting in the water foamability of these compositions. The miscibility and homogeneity of the blends of water with elastic thermoplastic may have hindered foamability of the elastic thermoplastics. It is recognized that these elastic thermoplastics can be chemically foamed but chemical foaming is not as desirable as water foaming due to the need to control the chemical reactions when using chemical foaming agents and the product safety inherent with water foamed compositions. The greater product safety includes a lack of entrapped and/or migratable chemical compositions that may cause allergic or sensitivity problems on contact with human skin.
TABLE III______________________________________Physical Properties for Blends of Thermoplastic Vulcanizates withElastic Thermoplastics and for Elastic Thermoplastics AloneExample A Example B Control 1 Control 2______________________________________ 30 wt. % 30 wt. % TPV from TPV from a Butyl Rub- Brominated ber and a Para- Polyolefin methyl- (Shore A Styrene- 65) Iso- butylene Copolymer in Poly- propylene (Shore A 65) 70 wt. % 70 wt. % 100 wt. % 100 wt. % Styrene- Styrene- Styrene- Styrene- Butadiene- Butadiene- Butadiene- Butadiene- Styrene Styrene Styrene Styrene Triblock Triblock Triblock Triblock Copolymer Copolymer Copolymer CopolymerChemical Good Good Good GoodFoamingCharacter-isticFoam type Strip Strip Strip RodPhysical PropertiesUTS (Ulti- 4.90 4.30 7.37 2.09mate Ten-sileStrength)(MPa)UE (Ulti- 896 956 1050 1380mate Elon-gation) %Modulus 0.50 0.48 0.57 0.26100% (MPa)Modulus 0.70 0.66 0.77 0.35200% (MPa)Modulus 0.97 0.85 0.90 0.41300% (MPa)Modulus 1.21 1.06 1.08 0.48400% (MPa)Modulus 1.60 1.31 1.29 0.57500% (MPa)Density 0.49 0.55 0.53 0.35(g/cc)______________________________________
Table III illustrates that the blends of foamed thermoplastic vulcanizates and elastic thermoplastic polymers show high elongation to break and good ultimate tensile strength. These are comparable to those of chemically foamed elastic thermoplastics. Based on the high elongation to break of the foamed blends of thermoplastic vulcanizate and elastic thermoplastic polymers one could conclude that the heterogeneity of the foamed blend is comparable to the heterogeneity of the foamed elastic thermoplastic.
TABLE IV______________________________________Foam from Thermoplastic Vulcanizates andElastic Thermoplastic Polymers Example C Example D Example E______________________________________ 25 wt. % TPV 30 wt. % 50 wt. % from Butyl- TPV from TPV from rubber and a Butylrubber Butylrubber Polyolefin and a Foly- and a Poly- (Shore A 65) olefin olefin (Shore A (Shore A 65) 65) 75 wt. % 70 wt. % 50 wt. % Styrene Styrene Styrene Butadiene Butadiene Butadjene Styrene Tri- Styrene Styrene block Triblock Triblock Copolymer Copolymer CopolymerWater Foaming Good GoodChemical Foaming GoodPhysical PropertiesUTS (Ultimate Ten- 2.37 1.45 2.10sile Strength)(MPa)UE (Ultimate Elon- 1190 1375 832gation) %Modulus 0.25 0.22 0.34100% (MPA)Modulus 0.36 0.32 0.52200% (MPa)Modulus 0.47 0.41 0.72300% (MPa)Modulus 0.59 0.49 0.96400% (MPa)Modulus 0.74 0.58 1.21500% (MPa)Density (g/cc) 0.56 0.37 0.54______________________________________
Table IV illustrates that a variety of weight ratios of thermoplastic vulcanizate to elastic thermoplastic can be utilized. Table IV also illustrates that water foaming of these blends of thermoplastic vulcanizate and elastic thermoplastic result in similar elongation to break, ultimate tensile strength and modulus to those achieved with chemical foaming. This similarity in physical properties substantiates that water foaming can be effectively used in these compositions.
While in accordance with the patent statutes the best mode and preferred embodiment has been set forth, the scope of the invention is not limited thereto, but rather by the scope of the attached claims.
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|Jun 3, 2008
|Advanced Elastomer Systems, L.P.
|Thermoplastic elastomers having improved adhesive properties
|Mar 12, 2007
|May 5, 2009
|Brugg Rohr Ag, Holding
|Jacket for heat-insulated conduits and method for making same
|Jun 4, 2008
|Dec 7, 2010
|Alcatel-Lucent Usa Inc.
|Light-weight low-thermal-expansion polymer foam for radiofrequency filtering applications
|Jan 25, 2001
|May 1, 2003
|Trazollah Ouhadi
|Thermoplastic elastomers having improved adhesive properties
|Aug 15, 2002
|Feb 19, 2004
|Bfs Diversified Products, Llc
|Heat weldable roofing membrane
|Oct 29, 2003
|May 6, 2004
|Michelin Recherche Et Technique S.A.
|Process for manufacturing a tire safety support and support obtained by this process
|Dec 5, 2003
|Jul 29, 2004
|Jonas Angus
|Thermoplastic vulcanizates
|Feb 23, 2005
|Sep 6, 2007
|Laurent Gervat
|Cross-Linked Composition Comprising a Triblock Sequenced Copolymer, Method for the Production Thereof, and Uses of the Same
|Mar 12, 2007
|Oct 4, 2007
|Brugg Rohr Ag, Holding
|Jacket for heat-insulated conduits and method for making same
|Jun 4, 2008
|Dec 10, 2009
|Lucent Technologies Inc.
|Light-weight low-thermal-expansion polymer foam for radiofrequency filtering applications
|Sep 12, 2013
|Mar 12, 2015
|Kimberly-Clark Worldwide, Inc.
|Highly crystalline and frothed polyolefin foam
|U.S. Classification
|521/139, 521/140, 521/81
|International Classification
|Cooperative Classification
|European Classification
|Jan 26, 1998
Owner name: ADVANCED ELASTOMER SYSTEMS, L.P., OHIO
Free format text: ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST;ASSIGNOR:WANG, DONALD S.T.;REEL/FRAME:008932/0342
Effective date: 19980121
|Dec 30, 2002
|Fee payment
Year of fee payment: 4
|Dec 18, 2006
|Fee payment
Year of fee payment: 8
|Jan 3, 2011
|Fee payment
Year of fee payment: 12
|Sep 13, 2011
Owner name: EXXONMOBIL CHEMIAL PATENTS INC., TEXAS
Free format text: ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST;ASSIGNOR:ADVANCED ELASTOMER SYSTEMS, L.P.;REEL/FRAME:026900/0991
Effective date: 20090420


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Front end coding knowledge (HTML, CSS & JavaScript). Ability to collaborate with Project Managers, System Architects, Developers and other UI/UX Designers....
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NCYBER - Maryland
Familiarity with mobile front end development (iOS & Android). Ncyber is looking for a front-end developer who loves to code, has a self-driven work ethic, and...
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CapTech Consulting - Richmond, VA
Specific responsibilities for the Front End Solutions Developer position include:. Front End Solutions Developers at CapTech are part of an intelligent, highly...
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Conversion Fanatics - Austin, TX
We're looking for experienced front-end Optimizely developers with strong JavaScript and jQuery skills to create and maintain split-tests for our clients using...
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Front End Development:. Is seeking a *UI / Front End Developer*. Must be able to execute creative, visually stunning, front end for web based application....
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Must have a proven history of building responsive web applications and working as a multi-tier developer who can contribute to development efforts on database,...
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Piper Companies - Raleigh, NC
Front End Developer. Responsibilities of the Front End Developer:. Piper Companies is seeking a Front End Developer for an active need with a software...
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Purple - Alpine, UT
Purple is looking for a Front-End Web Developer, who is motivated to combine the art of design with the art of programming....
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Senior Web Developer*. We are seeking a detail-oriented, experienced developer who is strong in back-end web development....
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Zappos IP, Inc. - Las Vegas, NV
We're looking for a highly skilled Front-End Developer who lives and breathes web standards. While we will consider all qualified candidates, this is not a...

subset: commoncrawl


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Infographic: Most people won't discuss credit card debt
It's a more-uncomfortable topic than sex, religion, politics
By Kristin McGrath and Juan Rodriguez
Credit card debt is the subject people least want to discuss with a stranger, according to a CreditCards.com poll fielded in March 2013 by GfK Roper Public Affairs and Corporate Communications.
Credit card debt, which 85 percent of respondents said they were "unlikely" or "somewhat unlikely" to discuss, narrowly beat out love life details (at 84 percent) as the most uncomfortable topic. This mirrors CreditCards.com's findings in its 2008 survey, when 80 percent of respondents said they were not comfortable talking about debt. In both surveys, other topics that consumers would be more at ease discussing than debt included salary, housing costs, health problems, weight, politics and religious views.
Young people are a bit more open about debt, according to the survey, which polled 1,005 interview subjects by random-digit dialing both land lines and cellphones. While 87 percent of those between the ages of 50 and 64 said they'd be reluctant to discuss credit card debt, 79 percent of those between the ages of 18 and 24 said the same.
See related: Poll: Card debt the No. 1 taboo subject
To use the graphic on your site, use the following code:

Published: April 24, 2013
- Infographic: The face of senior card debt – Medical bills take up most of the debt of the seinor citizen community, while credit card debt is a close second ...
- Positive card habits up, negative ones down – Americans pay their credit card bills in full more often, and avoid costly behavior, a six-year survey series finds ...
- Infographic: Credit card love from older millennials – Millennials do, too, like credit cards, research shows. In fact, older millennials covet them more than any other age group ...


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7 Review(s).
1900 S First St, Austin, USA
Hmmm, quaint or redundant?
For those who take comfort in retro hippiness and trailer park fantasy, go for it. I, however, prefer my veggie food in a stink-free environment: there are way too many smokers and cig stubs around Bouldin Creek Coffeehouse... and the vegan desserts can be quite dicey. God bless the old oak tree though.
1701 Toomey Rd, Austin, USA
A Hideaway Worth Finding
Set back from the street, and nestled in verdant magical trees and plants, this veg haven has a "retreat center" vibe to it. Always a welcome relief from this tech-heavy world, and a guaranteed way to catch up on homestyle veg food, if you've been on the road. It's ALL YOU CAN EAT, for $12 ($14 Sunday buffet), so arrive very hungry. They have an excellent intense pizza night once a month. But their "indian" cuisine needs some major spice tutoring... understandable, being a macrobiotic, brown rice kinda place. Be prepared to snag your own private table for 2, or else you will likely share a larger table, schooldays style.
1601 Guadalupe St, Austin, USA
Lunch buffet rocks sophisticatedly!
I had my 40th birthday party here, at the banquet table in the private stonewalled room, and it was spectacular. Pre-planning the group menu ($19 per person price fixe) was easy to arrange with the owner, and on the big night the service was excellent, food exquisite, served family style with much passing around of tasty bowls and platters. We were even kindly offered the downstairs room to put some music on and dance. The weekday lunch buffet is a great central location to meet up with friends, and the most economical way to experience the Clay Pit, at $7.95 (with two vegetarian entrees). Evening suppers are great for romantic rendevous and general downtown celebrations, though it can get pricey fast. Be in the mood for a big city vibe when at the Clay Pit, because with the open space and peppy jazz music, it's often very noisy. Go someplace else if you're needing a small and quiet nook. My godmother won't meet me there because it can be so hard to hear each other talk!
1625 Barton Springs Rd, Austin, USA
Live Refreshment
I would go here alot more when I'm driving home from work if I could figure where to put my car!!! It just feels overwhelming when one is tired and thirsty... Anyway, if you're on foot or bike, it's totally wonderful. I love the coconut milk served in a real coconut... scooping the cool flesh out with the pointed straw is fun and nourishing. Want to impress your veggie mate? Buy her some of their amazing raw gourmet treats!
9025 Research Blvd Ste 100, Austin, USA
100% Superb: vegetarian Indian Buffet lunch!!!
For the best veg indian buffet experience, this is the place and Austin is fortunate. Weekday buffet has, like, 10+ items on the buffet, and the main problem is how to balance curiousity and healthy eating! The Sunday buffet is a few dollars more, and well worth it... an extravaganza with more entrees and 'mini' (only a foot long) masala dosas delivered to your table. Sundays are like a festival, with many tables full of large parties, an incredible brunch experience. The Madras Pavilion management of this production is amazing... Evenings are often mellow there, and if you're on a budget, you can always enjoy a bowl of savoury soup with pappadums.
2304 Lake Austin Blvd, Austin, USA
Congress Location is Top Notch Diner
The acorn squash entree on the dinner specials insert is lovely to behold... but better with an extra side of curry sauce. The brownie dessert is really satisfying, and I like to order it with a side of blueberries rather than ice cream. In the dog days of summer, sitting in the patio area with a tall glass of hibiscus mint tea can cool most troubles away.
The staff is always kind, smart, attentive, and working too hard.
***Unfortunately they don't offer organic milk or a healthy soy creamer, and the coffee is run o' the mill drip. It's time they got some espresso, imho.
9515 N Lamar Ste 156, Austin, USA
A Home Away from Home
We adore this place! Family owned and operated, and straightforward, and generously homestyle indian cuisine. A typical busy afternoon will find you surrounded by people speaking Hindi, Urdu, and English in a swirl of happiness as we dig into the six-tastes THALI platter (the only place in Austin that has this) or its short-form, PARATHA SHAK. For an Indian sloppy Joe experiece, try the Kachi Dabeli, listed under pakoras on the menu. Many natives order diverse snacks including 3 foot long Masala Dosas! A much loved eatery, so prepared to stand in line for the ordering cashier at peak times. A great place to meet up after a yoga class!


text:
Red Hat JBoss Jobs in the East of England
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Java Developer
This is an opportunity for a Java Developer to join an incredibly well regarded software house... As a fast growing company, we are looking for a Java Developer with the following: * Exceptional skills in Java Software Development - Core & Enterprise. * Worked on a variety of web app servers - JBoss, Tomcat... You...
Dunstable, Bedfordshire -
Understanding Recruitment
Rate: £270 - £300 per dayPosted: 6 days ago
J2EE Solution Designer
Extensive experience in J2EE architectures and technologies (JDBC, JPA, JMS, EJBs, Servlets, Web services etc.) Extensive experience in .Net or Java based Frameworks such as Hibernate, Spring etc. Very strong experience in development methodologies such as Agile and testing tools (e.g.; Junit) and Knowledge and good experience in Application...
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Salary: From £60,000 to £75,000 per annum Plus BonusPosted: 2 days ago
JBoss Jobs in the East of England


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We live in Kihei so this is not one we frequent but have never been disappointed. Nice ambiance and they do have a separate room if you have a large group. We never hesitate to... read more
Your coupon (that we'll email you) gets you 20% off when you spend at least $250 on tours, activities and more that you can book on TripAdvisor or Viator. The more you spend, the more you save!
To learn more about this Book on TripAdvisor Bonus, Viator, and the full list of official rules, click here.


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174th out of 174 books — 12 voters
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Roadrunner's Dance
Caldecott winner David Diaz pairs with literary great Rudolfo Anaya in a mythical Southwestern folktale.
Hardcover, 32 pages
Published August 1st 2000 by Disney-Hyperion
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Community Reviews
(showing 1-30 of 131)
Apr 14, 2015 Audrie Estrada rated it really liked it
Shelves: folk-literature-books
personal reaction: I loved this story. Its a very cute book that has lots of lessons to be brought out and learned. This book is a creation story about the roadrunner. There was a dessert woman who created the roadrunner so that he could keep the rattlesnake from biting people while they were in passing. The roadrunner must first learn to walk so that he can stand up to the rattlesnake, so he says that he has to practice over and over until he can get it right. This is one of the first lessons, ...more
Apr 02, 2015 Taylor Horvat rated it really liked it
Shelves: children-s-folk-literature-books
Personal Reaction: I really liked this story by Rudolfo Anaya. It included various lessons throughout the book that explained the creation of the roadrunner as it overcomes the rattlesnake. The lessons in this story are important for students to hear: that practice takes work but to never give up on it. This is a journey where the main character has to practice, practice, practice and eventually the roadrunner stands up to the rattlesnake and succeeds.
Use in the classroom: I would like to use t ...more
Use in the classroom: I would like to use t ...more
Apr 30, 2016 Catherine rated it it was amazing
The illustrations in this book are magnificent. They engage my 9 and 10 year old students much more than the average picture book., evoking great discussions. This is a child-friendly introduction to first nation creationist beliefs, and would be a great addition to any unit on folklore. I teach it year after year, and I continue to look forward to it each time. For teaching purposes, there is challenging vocabulary in addition to cross curricular connections to Social Studies and Science.
Mar 17, 2010 Kristin rated it really liked it
Shelves: latino-a
I thought this book taught several interesting lessons within the story. It's a creation story of the roadrunner. The desert woman created him to keep the rattlesnake from biting people while they were in passing. The snake tells everyone he is the kind of the road and when the roadrunner is created, it must first learn to walk. The roadrunner keeps saying it needs practice practice. Which is the first lesson to be learn, that practice takes work but you must never give up. The book is also uniq ...more
Feb 08, 2010 Sheri rated it really liked it
Creationist story of who to get the Rattlesnake from controlling the road all the villagers need to move around on. Cute and lots of details about roadrunners. Kids loved it and the roadrunner. Used it to check on a subject I was interested in writing about.
Oct 05, 2009 Barbara rated it really liked it
Shelves: traditional-literature, latino-culture-theme
Gorgeous glowing art in this animal origin story Chicano-First Nation traditions. Deals with each animal having a place and a gift as well as handling bullies. The construction of the roadrunner would make a fun flannelboard.
Rudolfo Anaya lives and breathes the landscape of the Southwest. It is a powerful force, full of magic and myth, integral to his writings. Anaya, however, is a native Hispanic fascinated by cultural crossings unique to the Southwest, a combination of oldSpain and New Spain, of Mexico with Mesoamerica and the anglicizing forces of the twentieth century. Rudolfo Anaya is widely acclaimed as the foun ...moreMore about Rudolfo Anaya...
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Source: The name "Transgender salad" and most of the definitions are from literature published by the Southern Association for Gender Education. Contact: firstname.lastname@example.com.
This 10 year old list is in need of an update.
You can add St. Michael's Episcopal in Raleigh - resolved to perform gay marriage
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Bed and Breakfast Studio83, Mount Vesuvius - Pompei (area)
- Free buffet breakfast, free Internet, and free parking
Main amenities
- 3 guestrooms
- Airport shuttle
- 24-hour front desk
- Air conditioning
- Daily housekeeping
- Garden
- Computer station
- Front desk safe
- Laundry service
- Multilingual staff
- Luggage storage
- Tour/ticket assistance
What's around
- Pompeii Excavation Site (1.3 mi / 2 km)
- Cathedral of Pompei (0.3 mi / 0.4 km)
- Pompei Amphitheatre (0.7 mi / 1.1 km)
- Teatro Grande (1.1 mi / 1.7 km)
- Pompeii Forum (1.3 mi / 2.2 km)
Feel at home
- Cribs/infant beds available
- Sofa bed
- Refrigerator
- Private bathroom
- Premium TV channels
- Free toiletries
Bed and Breakfast Studio83, Mount Vesuvius - Pompei (area)
Hotel Info: 01 65 69 441from €67
- Deluxe Room, Ensuite
- Deluxe Triple Room, Ensuite
- Deluxe Double Room, Ensuite
- Deluxe Double Room Single Use, Ensuite
Recommended hotels
At a glance
Key facts
Hotel size
- This hotel has 3 rooms
- This hotel is arranged over 1 floor
- Check-in time 1 PM-10 PM
- Check-out time is 11 AM
- Express check-in/out
Required at check in
- Credit card or cash deposit required
- Government-issued photo ID required
Travelling with others
- Pets allowed (dogs and cats only)
- Specific rooms only, restrictions apply *
- 1 per room (up to 10 kg)
- Free WiFi and wired Internet access in public areas
- Free wired Internet access in rooms
- Airport shuttle (available on request) *
- Free self parking
- Extended parking
- Area shuttle *
Other information
- Resort fee included
Nearby One Star Mount Vesuvius - Pompei (area) hotels
In the hotel
- Free buffet breakfast daily
- Computer station
- 24-hour front desk
- Tours/ticket assistance
- Dry cleaning/laundry service
- Laundry facilities
- Luggage storage
- Multilingual staff
- Number of buildings/towers - 1
- Year Built 2009
- Safe-deposit box at front desk
- Designated smoking areas (fines apply)
- Garden
- Television in common areas
- Accessible bathroom
- In-room accessibility
In the room
- In-room climate control (air conditioning)
- Air conditioning
- Minibar
- Iron/ironing board (on request)
- Washer/dryer
- Blackout drapes/curtains
- Soundproofed rooms
- Sofa bed
- Sofa bed size twin
- Premium bedding
- Memory foam mattress
- Individually decorated
- Individually furnished
- Furnished balcony
- Private bathroom
- Shower only
- Bidet
- Free toiletries
- Hair dryer
- First-run movies
- Premium TV channels
- In-room computer
- Desk
- Free wired high-speed Internet
- Free long-distance calls
- Refrigerator
- Microwave (on request)
- Free bottled water
- Daily housekeeping
- In-room safe
- Access via exterior corridors
Top Mount Vesuvius - Pompei (area) hotels
Recently reviewed hotels in Mount Vesuvius - Pompei (area)
- PurpleFrom
"We stayed in a family quad room. Lots of character, being a former convent. Curved ceilings. Great sea view. Very friendly service, (thanks Miriam), and helpful advice on trips."Jul 17, 2016
- Hotel DaniaFrom
"I really loved staff at the reception and our evening chats about Italy and food. Very welcoming atmosphere."Jul 15, 2016
- Hotel Zi TeresaFrom
"Pleasant short stay, close to train station from Naples, 5 mins walk. Also Bus back to Naples Airport for 10 euro at train Station every outlet of hours. Great service. Trips…"Jul 13, 2016
- Hotel Centrale AmalfiFrom
"Excellent location. The front desk staff were very welcoming. the room was very clean."Jul 13, 2016
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Cash transactions at this property cannot exceed EUR 2999.99, due to national regulations. For further details, please contact the property using information in the booking confirmation.
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The charges below are included in the total price displayed:
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Airport shuttle service is offered for an extra charge of EUR 50,00 per vehicle
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Bollywood actress Katrina Kaif turned a year older on Saturday, July 16. The actress rang in her 33rd birthday with her close friends and family members at midnight. It was a private celebration held at her sea-facing Bandra apartment, which she shared with her ex-lover Ranbir Kapoor before they
Tatasky Welcome.mp4
Welcome film for Tata Sky with Mini Mathur. This is a 15 Min film but provided here is a 40 second montage.
Mini Mathur
Mini Mathur took to Twitter to slam the media report about rift between her director husband Kabir Khan and Katrina Kaif. Recently, report surfaced on media that Katrina Kaif, who worked with Kabir Khan in three movies, 'New York', 'Ek Tha Tiger' and 'Phantom' is repotedly miffed with Khan for si
Jiah Khan's sudden death has taken Bollywood by surprise. 25-year-old Jiah hung herself from the ceiling fan and killed herself. He committed suicide at her Juhu residence. It is heard that the actress was disturbed due to some personal issues. Her body was taken to the hospital for postmortem.
Latest Bollywood News
- Neetu Chandra to leave for the US to shoot her debut American series
- Anita Hassanandani sizzles in bikini on her beach vacation with hubby
- 'Dishoom' submitted to CBFC in encrypted format to prevent leak before release
- Teaser: Katrina, Sidharth sizzle in 'Kala Chashma' from 'Baar Baar Dekho'
- Mandana Karimi engaged to boyfriend Gaurav Gupta


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Give us a call at 1-800-735-5387 or instant message one of our wood pellet specialists.
Other high-cost proposals include replacing a natural gas heating system at the modern New Hampshire Hospital with a wood pellet boiler and installing storm ... more
Lee also owns a life insurance company and has developed a wood-pellet-burning furnace for chicken houses. He is a partner in Liberty's Legacy, ... more
Wood processing company Balcas Timber picked up the sustainable manufacturing ... facility involving combined heat and power and wood pellet manufacturing, ... more
... are plants producing 600 thousand tonnes of pellets per year within a 100 km distance of UBC says John Swaan of the Canadian Wood Pellet Association. ... more
Other proposals in the works include two biomass plants, one of which would convert the old boiler house at the former pulp mill, and a wood pellet ... more
2011 All Rights Reserved. | WoodPellets.com, LLC is affiliated with American Biomass Distribution, LLC | Patents Pending


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Stuart Johnson, Deseret News
Fifteen years ago while serving as mayor of Highland, I sat in meetings with other elected officials where we discussed the possibilities of a trail along the Murdock Canal. At the time this was nothing more than a dream but soon developed into a vision. I am so appreciative of the many individuals and organizations that caught the vision and made this trail a reality. Through those efforts we now enjoy a priceless amenity that will benefit generations to come.
This trail not only connects us physically but enhances our overall sense of community — inviting all to become better friends and neighbors. As evidenced here, working together for a common cause can produce amazing results.
Jess Adamson
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The FPA has welcomed the recommendations made in the Senate Economics References Committee's final report on failed forestry managed investment schemes (MISs), saying it highlights the need for a clear distinction between advice and product sales.
In a statement, FPA chief executive Dante De Gori said: "The FPA recognises that thousands of Australian investors suffered when the agribusiness investment schemes collapsed. Unfortunately, many investors did not fully understand what they were buying, and believed that they had been recommended an investment which took into account their personal circumstances, when this wasn't in fact the case.
"Agribusiness MIS are highly complex products. Indeed, many FPA members have said they are so difficult to understand and justify that financial planners avoid them, and their licensees do not include them on their approved product lists. That's why the distinction between product sales and financial advice must be made clear," he said.
Mr De Gori added that the reform of agribusiness MIS should be part of a "wider, comprehensive" reform of the Australian financial services system.
"The FOFA reforms are a positive step, but the fact is that many of the product failures and consumer losses associated with agribusiness MIS are the consequence of inadequate leadership in responding to the financialisation of Australian society," he said.
In addition, Mr De Gori said the FPA has been working with the government, regulators and the industry to improve the standards of advice provided to consumers.
These include its higher levels of planner education, guiding financial planners on delivering best practice advice, and initiatives to improve consumers' financial literacy.
22 Jul 2016Senator wants to reinstate financial advice inquiryBy Adrian Flores
22 Jul 2016Experienced advisers could be 'exempt' from exam: O'DwyerBy Staff Reporter
22 Jul 2016NAB announces business restructureBy Staff Reporter
22 Jul 2016Former CBA dealer group manager starts own practiceBy Adrian Flores
21 Jul 2016Majority of ex-Guardian advisers go non-alignedBy Staff Reporter
21 Jul 2016No such thing as 'direct carve-out': FPABy Staff Reporter
- view all


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Rafael Nadal to return to action at Chile Open
This Sept. 12, 2011 file photo shows Rafael Nadal of Spain returning a shot to Novak Djokovic of Serbia during the men's championship match at the U.S. Open tennis tournament in New York. (AP Photo/Charles Krupa, FIle)
Published Thursday, January 17, 2013 11:35AM EST
Last Updated Thursday, January 17, 2013 3:02PM EST
SANTIAGO, Chile - Rafael Nadal's return to tennis will be full on after revealing he's entered three of the four clay-court events in the ATP's Latin American swing next month.
Chile Open organizers announced on Thursday that Nadal will make his debut in Vina del Mar in the week starting Feb. 4.
Nadal hasn't played on tour since June, mainly because of tendinitis in his left knee. A stomach virus delayed his expected comeback before New Year's Day.
He's also entered the Brazil Open in Sao Paulo beginning on Feb. 11 and the Mexican Open in Acapulco from Feb. 25.
He won the Brazil and Mexican titles the only time he played for them in 2005.
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text:
Crazy Substitute Teachers
Enjoy, NG4.01 / 5.00 2,141 Views
Vacuum Salesman
This dude and his Megazord vacuum cleaner4.00 / 5.00 2,617 Views
Markiplier Animated | Mark Of The Survey Corps
This took far too long to make...3.95 / 5.00 5,534 Views
A pretty nice clock flash and good to see a lock in there as well,overall great job on this piece.
The graphics in this flash were good. The animation was good as well. The sound, music, sound effects and speakonia voices. This flash, heh, it was quite interesting with Headlock being late for the meeting and seeing Cigarette clock at the end. Also, I did see the easter egg. Just right after the credits when I right clicked and play to see the little scene. Nice work on this flash! =)
/Mathias Andersson
pretty good
just 1 thing WHY IS HEADLOCK A LOCK? i tought those were your nemesises?
all hail the clocks!!!!
not a bad flash seemed to be too short tho. o well fifen! p.s HAPPY B-LATED CLOCK DAY!!:P
thanks and no worries ^__^
it was ok
It was ok Wasn't the best but still ok
no problem :)


text:
Screenshot instructions:
Red Hat Linux
Click URL instructions:
Right-click on ad, choose "Copy Link", then paste here →
(This may not be possible with some types of ads)
You seem to have CSS turned off.
Please don't fill out this field.
Briefly describe the problem (required):
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I was following the instructions to install gpio-event on a Verdex board.
I entered the following:
insmod gpio-event-drv.ko
and the following was displayed:
gpio_event_drv: version magic '2.6.20-rtgum preempt mod_unload ARMv5 ' should be
'2.6.21gum mod_unload ARMv5 '
I am using buildroot version 1584
Is there a newer version of gpio-event ?
Never mind.
I found the version for 1444 on the GPIO-EVENT page and it
installed successfully.
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Serie A
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Champs Lge
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'Italy mustn't be over-confident'
One of Italy's 1982 World Cup-winning squad has backed Cesare Prandelli's side to do well in Brazil, but warned of over-confidence.
Hyundai call for FIFA action
Hyundai are the latest partner sponsor of FIFA to call for a 'thorough investigation' into allegations of corruption over the 2022 World Cup bid.
Allegri undecided on future
Massimiliano Allegri has played down links to Lazio and says he has yet to decide where his future in coaching lies.
Monaco considering Perin?
Monaco are linked today with a possible bid this summer for Genoa goalkeeper Mattia Perin, but he is valued at €18m.
Torino want €20m for Cerci, or…
Torino have reportedly made clear to Roma their terms for Alessio Cerci, valuing the player at €20m, or requesting Alessandro Florenzi in part-exchange.
'Perez asked me about Vidal'
Ivan Zamorano has revealed that he faced 'a lot of questions' recently from Real Madrid President Florentino Perez about Arturo Vidal.
'Milan willing to let Kaka go'
The Corriere della Sera report that Ricky Kaka's proposed summer exit from Milan looks increasingly likely.
Suarez: No World Cup doubt
Luis Suarez has made clear he has no doubts about returning for Uruguay in time for the World Cup, though he won't commit to what game.
'Immobile understanding clear'
Lorenzo Insigne admits his Pescara past with Ciro Immobile is there to see with Italy, even he asserts that what counts are official games.
Immobile: Respect Prandelli's choices
Ciro Immobile says that he 'will be ready' if called upon to start for Italy at the World Cup, but that either way, he will respect Cesare Prandelli's choices.
Valencia in for Vucinic, but…
Valencia are listed as the latest club to have come in with an offer for Mirko Vucinic, but the Juventus man reportedly won't lower his salary.
Low: Germany are complete
Joachim Low has expressed confidence in Germany's squad heading into the World Cup, and pays respect to Jurgen Klinsmann.
Madrid eye De Sciglio
Real Madrid are reportedly pressing in interest for Milan's Mattia De Sciglio and he could be involved in a deal for Casemiro.
Three in for Bergessio
The Gazzetta dello Sport assert that three Serie A sides are preparing to do battle for Catania striker Gonzalo Bergessio.
Today's headlines:
What the papers say...
Today's front-page headlines from Gazzetta dello Sport, Corriere dello Sport and Tuttosport.
Lazio close to double signing
Lazio are reportedly on the verge of paying Udinese a sum total of €15m for Antonio Candreva and Dusan Basta.
Prandelli: An interesting evening
Italy Coach Cesare Prandelli has described his team's 5-3 friendly win over Fluminense this evening as 'interesting.'
Goals galore in Azzurri friendly win
Ciro Immobile's hat-trick and a Lorenzo Insigne brace secured a remarkable 5-3 friendly win for Italy over Fluminense.
Inter to negotiate for Rolando
It is reported that officials from Inter and Porto will meet this coming week to discuss the transfer of Rolando.
River Plate to talk to Cambiasso
River Plate President Rodolfo D'Onofrio says he plans to hold talks with Esteban Cambiasso over re-signing the player.
Line-ups: Fluminense – Italy
Fluminense and Italy have submitted their official line-ups for this evening's practise match between the two teams.
Play-offs: Bari and Latina draw
Bari and Latina have played out a 2-2 draw in the first leg of their Serie B play-off semi-final at San Nicola.
Maradona blasts FIFA 'corruption'
Diego Maradona has hit out at Qatar's successful 2022 World Cup bid, accusing FIFA of being corrupt.
Cameroon settle bonus dispute
Cameroon's World Cup squad will fly to Brazil tonight after settling a dispute over bonuses with their national football association.
Cahill wary of Balotelli
England defender Gary Cahill says Mario Balotelli's unpredictability will make him a major threat when the Three Lions face Italy.
'Kaka undecided on future'
Ricky Kaka's spokesperson says the player has still not decided whether he will stay at Milan or return to Brazil.
Rooney happy to play anywhere
Wayne Rooney insists he is happy to play in any position he is asked to by England Coach Roy Hodgson.
Vidal trains separately
Arturo Vidal has again trained separately from the rest of his Chile teammates as he continues to fight to be fit for the World Cup.
Balo to Arsenal for €25m?
It is reported that Arsenal want to sign Milan's Mario Balotelli for a fee of around €25m.
Cameroon refuse to fly
Cameroon's World Cup squad have refused to board their plane to Brazil following a dispute with their national association over bonuses.
England arrive in Rio
The England squad have this afternoon arrived at their World Cup base on the outskirts of Rio de Janeiro.
Palermo want Christodoulopoulos
Palermo officials will reportedly meet with representatives of Lazaros Christodoulopoulos tomorrow to discuss a move for the player.
'No rush for Milito'
Racing Avellaneda President Victor Blanco says there is no rush for his club to sign Diego Milito.
Italian fan in coma
A Frosinone fan remains in a coma after falling from the stands while watching his team play yesterday.
Buffon 'not relaxed' about…
Italy goalkeeper Gigi Buffon says he is never relaxed about the prospect of penalty shoot-outs.
« first
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Inter and Mancini need each other
Lotito: The Good, The Bad & The Ugly
What Chelsea can expect from Conte
Napoli's Image Problem
Much ado about nothing at Inter
Ignore price-tag for Higuain-Juventus
Euro 2016 Team of the Tournament
Rating the Azzurri
Half a glass for Azzurri
Azzurri Ultra: Grazie ragazzi
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text: This place sticks to it word "eat fresh". It's a small take away joint more than an eatery. Ya but if u are in for a quick grab you can go for one with very few tables around. Quality of food is absolutely fresh as one can see for his own eye. I went for a takeaway option an ordered... More