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For Cold Water Supply Irrigation Systems Sanitary Sewers Soil Waste and Vent
Cable Ducts and Conduits
SAPPCO THE LEADING NATIONAL FACTORY FOR uPVC PIPES
April 2006
Publication PA
Page No.
Story of Making uPVC Pipes at SAPPCO-Foreword Introduction Sappco Technical Backing Material Properties Chemical Resistance --------------------Manufacturing Standards Manufacturing Range New product Development __ SAPPCOuPVC Pipe Dimensions ~ __ ~ __ ~ . _ _ _ _ _ 2 _ _ _ 4 5 5
6 7 7 7
7 8 9 9 10 10 11 12 12 13 14 _ 15 16 _ 16
Pipes for Cold Water Supply and Irrigation Systems Temperature pressure relationship Pipes for Soil, Waste and Vent Inside Buildings -_ ..._... .. ... " __ - _.-._._- .. _ -."_.. Pipes for Underground Drainage and Sewer Systems Pipes for Hot Water Drainage Pipes for Electrical and Telecommunications Cable Conduit Pipes for Electrical and Underground Cable Ducts
c... __ .
... _ _
Perforated & Slotted Pipes Pipe Lengths & Pipe Joints Handl.ingand Storage Site Work Instructions -Solvent Weld Joints .. ------
Ring Seal Joints ----------------------- Above Ground Installation Below Ground Installation Hydraulic Testing on Site Ordering Details Drawn Radius Bends Couplings ..
..__.. .. _._._ ..... _...... _'_"'_"~ _ " _
19 .... 21 _,
29 .. __.. _. __ .. _ "_.__ _... ~ _ __ _ 30 ·31 32 33
Cleaner, Solvent Cement and Lubricant References Test Certificates from Independent Testing Houses
SAPPCOBranch Offices and Associated Companies -,,----,-"-------,----,-,
The story of making UPVC pipes at SAPpeO
(The conversion of polymer to pipe.)
1. PVC Polymer is delivered in bulkets. The PVC resin [s conveyed-tnrouqh automatic feeding unit plrectly to one Of il5 Storage Silos, Total Capacity 2900 tennes,
Each one of the twenty-two extrusion lines, 'receives the dry blend automatically from the Dry Blend Silos. It is worthwhile to note that the Polymer is-conveyed in a closed systehlfrom bag to extruder.
2. From the Silos the Polymer is transferred to the MiXing P.lant by an automatic Conveying System. At the mixer, a fixed amount of additives is added to a fixed amount of Polymer. The net result is tile dry blend.
5. Extruding
uPVC pipe involves the use of extruder, die head, water bath, haul-off, printer, saw and socketing machine.
3. From the silo, the dry blend is transferred to the extrusion. line. The picture shows the automatic elebagging, mixing and distribution eontrol panels.
6. Our well equipped Quality Control laboratory operates around the clock to .ensure that all products conform to SAS, DIN and ISO Standards.
SAPPCO uPVC Pipes, are made of high quality of stablizers & PVC.
View of SAPPCO Riyadh factory covering 21,500 Square Metres.
Saudi Plastic Products Co. are the equal of any produced in the world today.000. in our fully equipped laboratory. It has affiliated companies producing Thermal insulating sheets. Ltd.uPVC Casing and Screen Pipes for Water Wells according to International Standards Our model factory in Riyadh is equipped with the most advanced extrusion machinery available today and we are able to supply complete uPVC pipelines at short notice for either new projects or additions to or replacement of existing lines. injection moulded pipe fittings. 4 .CPVC Pipes for Hot Water Distribution System . Saudi Plastic Products Co. however. has grown to be the largest plastic pipe factory in Saudi Arabia and in the Middle East with a paid up capital of SR 75.000. SAPPCO Ltd. as laid down in the current Saudi Arabian Standards. The telecommunication and electrical industries are also included in our manufacturing programmes: a wide selection of pipe and fittings is available.000 tonnes which has increased to 38.000 tannes per annum by 1981. by producing pipe locally. Water. We are confident that pipe of our manufacture is specially suited to the needsct Saudi Arabia and surrounding countries and a~e proud that SAPPCO. SAPPCO is also manufacturing: . (SAPPCO) Water is a prime resource and is vital to the general welfare of society at large and to the uninterrupted economic growth of all countries. It commenced production in 1973 with a manufacturing capacity of 2. r: Routine testing of all pipe produced at our factory is carried out. in Saudi Arabia. is contributing to the industrialisation of the Kingdom. CPVC pipes and other products related to the pipe and building construction industries. which ensures that SAPPCO pipelines.. HOPE & LOPE pipes. boards and profiles. needs an efficient distribution system to ensure that it is available in the right place when needed and can be conveyed away after use in the form of waste water or sewage.FOREWORD . was formed with the aim of producing. Ltd. To fulfil this need. a full range of unplasticised Polyvinyl Chloride (uPVC) pipes and fittings to Internationally recognised standards and to comply with Saudi Arabian Standards which specifically cover the conditions prevailing in the Kingdom.
Recognising this the new factories of SAPpeD and APLACD have been equipped with the finest plant. A further example of SAPPCO technological advancement is the application of data processing techniques to business systems. SAPPCD have built a model factory in Riyadh and equipped it with the most modern machinery available. producing the best products. with over two decades of progressive product and process development carried out by SAPPCO in Saudi Arabia.This handbook is prepared with the intention to assist the engineer who designs and installs water and sewage pipelines and it contains the most up-to-date information now available. based on world wide know how and technical knowledge. west of the dry port. We also cater lor the Telecommunication and Electrical Engineer with the supply of uPVC Conduits and Ducts. The period of pioneering the use of u PVC pipes for the distribution of water and sewerage is past and uPVC is widely established throughout the world because of it's many advantages over other materials. for fuller discussions and to assure themselves that our production and testing facilities are of the highest order. backed by a modern management team and technical service. The manufacture of high quality uPVC pipes requires a high degree of technical skill. 5 . using many automated techniques to produce uPVC pipes to exacting standards. For any information please contact our Technical Sales Engineers. Consultants and Engineers are welcome to visit our offices. factory and laboratory in Riyadh at the First Industrial Estate. The accumulated knowledge of our Technical Advisors is freely offered to engineers and our Technical Service Department is available at all times to offer guidance and advice on the use of SAPPCD uPVC pipes.
h=C >1014 ohm .0 Deg F > 176 0 40 . 5 kg Co-efficient of linear expansion Specific heat Thermal conductivity .00001 PVC is a non conductor of electricity and is not subject to galvanic or Fig 1a: Tensile strength (!bs/in' x 1O~) 10 !~"Me.2xl0 4 ft.c o 20 ~2 t-------__ Relationship between tensile strength and temperature 40 60 80 100 Fig 1b: Rigidity. (log. __ 80 Temperature °C 100 6 .500 45x10· 1 kg/cm2 492-527 668 950 3.4. o 13 K Cal/rn.42 Will not support combustion < 4rng/cm2 Bar 483-517 655 930 31 Ox1O~ Joules/m Ibf/in2 7000-7500 9. Deg C > 80'" 50 x 1O·5rC Thermal Properties Softening point V.500 13.4.B Electricalequipment Frictional Properties Friction Co-efficient must not be earthed to uPVC pipes Hazen Williams 135-150 Colebrook 0.' Electric Properties Volume resistivity Surface resistance Dielectric strength Power factor (at 106 cycles) electrolytic attack. lbs/in-) t o Relationship between rigidity and temperature 20 40 60 '----. Ib./in 3.S. N.em > 1012 ohm > 40Kv/mm 3.5 . ~~I·I~·@ 1.5. log.3 025 Callg"C ".Material: Unplasticised Polyvinyl Chloride '~I General Properties Specific Gravity: Flammability: Water absorption: Mechanical Properties: Ultimate tensile strength Compressive strength Flexural strength Modulus of elasticity Impact strength: Izod (inch notch) .P.
needs grow it is planned to systematically extend the range of pipe sizes up to 71 Omm Pipes In the 16 mm to 50 mm outside diameter range are available with plain spigot and solvent weld socket joints. .. _ ~-__. tluorldes.~.. - -- -- "Chemical Resistance -= .- .__~----- - . details of which are shown later in this catalogue. Other colours e. photographic developers.M~~l!f~cturtUg i'i At present SAPpeO uPVC pipe is manufactured to SAS Standard sizes from 16mm outside diameter various pressure classes. . _ available on special request.. as well as plain spigot and solvent weld socket joints.g.. SAP pea uPVe pipes are grey in colour and opaque. German Standards DIN 8061. esters.---. oils and fruit juices.. demineralised water. SAPpeO upve pipe is suitable for most strong acids..---'~-~~ ~- Manufacturing . 8062 and 19532. - _ ------~~ -- -:---r:--'=~ l~- .------ ---- .. black. However. for Standardisation with t e Saudi Arabian - -- ----- ~- - - .. straight chain hydrocarbons. As the Kingdom's outside diameter. SAPpeO uPVC pipe is unaffected by salt water.- . SAPpeO pipe should not normally be used for aldehydes and ketones. Pipes of 63 mm outside diameter and larger are available with mechanical rubber ring joints...7--'~<~ -- SAPpeo are manufacturing upve pipes to ISO 61 1 (International Organisation recommended metric dimensions) which conform to and are tested in accordance Standards (SAS) 14 and 15.. ethers. blue. alkalies and aqueous solutions (except those which are strongly oxidising). new products will be introduced such as : _ PVC Riser Pipes for water well submersible pumps. white. aromatic and chlorinated hydrocarbons.-- -~ _- -'--. chlorinated or fluoridated water.. & --~ ."r ~I SAPpeo uPVC pipe conforms with the requirements of DIN 8061 and 1SO TR 7473 for Chemical Resistance. Gene 'ally speaking. terracotta are In line with SAPpeD policy for continuous development. 7 . ~ Stand~rds .
9 26.64 2.5 1.774 1.264 0.76 8.18 5A7 8.4 18.8 2.8 13.525 0.3 0. 16 20 25 32 40 50 63 75 90 110 125 140 160 200 225 250 280 315 355 I'JIJ.7 4.J1"..8 1..6 12.27 8.. . 8 . .3 5.I~ -0.0 0.9 24.6 20.809 1.562 0.0 (j_9Y ~-.7 21.0 12.9 50.9 5.37 6.2 9.13 1.5 2.7 42.7 52.1I I8D .31 10.48 1.6 10.0 4.4 3.8 32.1 65..334 0.4 11.90 5.0 16.7 9.2 16.7 3.22 1.1 16.7 30.7 10.~ 18.9 26.1 19.'".5 1.4 52.350 0.13 2.3 6.4 15.r 35.11 9.3 10.65 3.8 16. • ~~ 11I11JIIIII':11 I rn ~ :' - ~.6 7.2 4.9 14.854 1.4 --~---- 560 630 710 as. 161/1) ~ --.7 8. ~ "~ • II1l'lIll1lr:JI : .1I 'l'j'!.-.2 9.70 5.6 20. ~ 1~1'IIIIJlr:1I \'.8 23.4 1.9 31.2 2..82 2..9 9.2 3.1.5 23.9 •: .61 3.5 33.jlll.2 7.4 26.7 45.9 13.JI'I.2 66.41 3. - -- SAPPCO uPVC Pipe dimensions TABLE 5: ( SAPPCO uPVC pipe dimensions (based on SAS 14.7 4.0 6.8 3.4 14.- ----- --- -~- Shaded sizes and classes are only manutactureo on special request.174 0.70 4.2 14.8 11.9 ~ 450 500 lC _Q 1 13. DIN 8062 and ISO.0 7.""I'!~ l'1'.5 1.84 2.01 6.6 4.552 0.137 0.0 3.642 0.6 16.9 2." lli1JtllIlIl!:.·I.9 8.9 6.I~ -~ m- ~ -~ .I. I( ~I' 1 ta'll1 II Ir:U Itatllllllr:n • • .::.2 -.44 5.212 0342 0.i - . .7 5.29 1.8 1.8 1.782 1.51 10.9 2.16 1.jltl.090 0.1 26.4 3.422 0.8 ------- t 3.lr m Illt'UIIII!:..0 3.2 0.4 20.4 14.34 4.61 3.75 2.9 2.65 7.7 5..S 83.5 6.7 7.5 39.9 16.3 41.I.8 11.17 1~1'111Il1r:1I 12 1.3 8.5 4.6 6.8 1. .2 2.02 11.a-.3 22..7 18..1 4.4 @ 21.
S 23..3 5.0 3.4 3.5 1.(lOBar) Nominal Wall Thickr19ss. 10 Bar and 16 Bar for cold water supply.82 217. -'-.7 4.- z: • -.-.9 75 90 110 140 1 eo 2.1 47 6.5 502 153 . Table 7 shows the percentage of the pressure rating recommended for various working temperatures over 20°C with a fluctuation not exceeding SoC. rnrn I'Clas.25 280 315 .2 104 13.5 t.4 ASTM SDR (O. 5 5 'BS 3505 Bar Unit ql Pressure 8 6 5.!l tr.7 10.7 ~2 4. -.2:.' 20 25 32 40 50 63 1. For consideration of other dimensions our Technical Sales Department may be consulted. 10. As with all pipe lines.6 4.ll 5 (16.5 30·.4 15.93 10' 9.I.3 . Incorporating surge tanks or pressure release valves in the system will obviate this problem. some are of special wall thickness recommended for the respective application.l .8 1. D E 15 14. uPVC pipes should not be used for pressure duties if the operational temperature exceeds 60°C. 91.S 3 3 DIN 8062 SERIES .8 2.7 5.2 13:5 Almas. 5 9 58 134 40.8 1. Bar) Neminai Wall Thlckness. C 9 4 4 . Table 6 shows the range of uPVC Pipes of three different pressure ratings .7 8.9 2.5 145 335 102 In S.6 8.2 9. special precautions must be taken when there is a possibility of water hammer or surge pressure.C~ld Wafer Supply and Irrigation Systems _ Tables 6.1.6 6.5 1.0 1·6. 45 30 15 55 60 TABLE 8: SAS 14 CLASS Comparison Table (Units and values of imperial.3 6.355 450 1.4 26. metric and S.es 174 401 87 201 61.- Temperature pres~u~~ relationship __ TABLE 7: Temp. 9.9 21.8 13. 1'. terms for ease of reference) 2 2 4 3 . TAB LE 6: Nominal' bwtside Diameter rnrn Class 3 (6 Bar) !\laminal Wall Thickness. irrigation or for any other under-pressure system.9 16. 11 & 12 list the ranges of pipes suitable for each application.7 20. "G 20 30 35 40 45 50 OF 68 86 95 104 113 122 131 140 Peroentage 01 Working Pressure 100 90 80 70 60. Whilst most of these pipes are from Table 5.7 7. Since uPVC is a thermoplastic material pressure ratings must be reduced as higher temperatures are encountered.4 30 3. -.2 1..6 Bar. DIN 8062.s 2. (All are listed in Table 5).2 2. mm crass 4.2 IDA 11. . mettle & Imperial Values Head Metre Water Head 122. The pressure ratings indicated are the continuous working pressures at 20°C temperature. 19532 and ISO/DIS 4422) W.Pipes-fur .2 32.88 12 - 16' 15.D/WT) - - 21 9 ___ .84 232 535 163. Ibsfllh2 Feet Water S}19 1:30. mrn Dimensions (based on SAS 14.
(All pipes of Type A are listed in Table 5. Sizes 160 and 110m m 0.2 3. 10.2 4. mm 22 ~ 3.8 110 160 3. 11 & 12 list the ranges of pipes suitable for each application.7 _'.2 3.7 Tables 6.2 3. of Type B are listed in Table 5). inside buildings {or Vent - _- -_.ifor undergRound I • _ __ _ _ _ =- _. some are of special wall thicknesses recommended for the respective application LU -. Waste and ---_..8 50 1.7 11. .8 75 1.2 400 500 14.2 Type A Nominal Wall Thickness mm Type B Nominal Wall Thickness.~~-- . -~ ~prp~-s' Soil.. ~ -- -- --- - - - - -- - - - -- -.9 250 315 9..~ -- ~ Table 9 shows the range of uPVC pipes in two types· type A and Type B _ for soil.6 630 18. _ and sewer' S~stems Table 10 shows the range of uPVC pipes for below ground gravity drainage and sewer systems (Th ese are all class 3 pipes shown in Table 5). waste and vent inside the buildings. For consideration of pipes of other dimensions our Technical Sales Department may be consulted TABLE 9: Dimensions (based on Saudi Dratt Standard and ISOIDIS 3633) Nominal Outside Diametermm 40 1. - Pip~s."-.4 3. 9. Whilst most of these pipes are from Table 5. Type B being particularly suited for maximum service life with intermittent domestic hat and cold water discharges (See page 13).0.2 4. For consideration of pipes of other dimensions our Technical Sales Departments may be consulted TABLE 10: Dimensions (based on Saudi Draft Standard and ISOIDIS 4435) ~ Nominal Outside Diameter mm Nominal Wall Thickness rnm 110 . 160 200 5.
. contraction and soil pressures in the case of buried drains. -. 2. Hot water d'rainage ~-- -t .- '-"'"1'r""'!~j~~ . A discharge of about 20-30 minutes will be necessary for the above transfer of heat to occur..-~~- . ..: ----=-_ ~~ -_. uPVC has natural insulating properties. So constant water flowing at gODewill only produce a surface temperature of 60"C on the outside surface of a pipe with wall thickness 3.. The work carried out on uPVC drainage pipe work produced the following design criteria: 1. Thus the pipe and fittings remain rigid and able to resist loadings imposed by expansion..2 mm (See Fig.:= - .. -- _. from the most powerful washing machines and domestic appliances will not harm uPVC Drainage Systems.. External Surface. .. Government and Private Test Establishments. The Combination of generous wall thickness and high softening pomt provides safe limits lor maximum service life. the Market grew until it now has far greater sales and use than any other above ground system and is rapidly following the same trend with below ground drains and sewers. normal discharges. 4. pioneering work carried out in Great Britain established design criteria that became adopted into their national standards.. Theoretically pipes and fittings made from upve are unsuitable for use with very hot water and this is true for continuous flow at full bore. Surface T~mQeliatur. 3... -----. 2a)." ..e Fig 2a. Each increment of wall thickness has its own insulating value thus the thicker the pipe the less transfer of heat through the wall thickness. Similar tests have been devised for below ground applications. 11 ~--_.. the external surface temperature is well below. From this acceptance of uPVC drainage systems.-- . . ISO. . . . . Although the temperature of the inside wall of the pipe has exceeded the softening point.---------------- .. Also. temperature not exceeding 60'C. j . However.. The softening point of uPVC plays an important role in the above situation. The design criteria was verified and tested by development of a Hot & Cold Cycle Test and its principles have been adopted by many other National Standards organisations. but using a lower discharge temperature to ensure that below ground drainage also meets the same service life expectancy.
9 2.. For consideration of pipes of other dimensions OU'r Technical Sales Department may be consulted.2 1.8 ~ 1.2 2.5 1.:- ~.2 1.7 -_ """:"'--- 12 ...5 1..9 25 1...1 4.-_ - -_ - • _- = ---. 254 & 255 Table 12 shows the range of uPVC pipes for use as underground electrical and telecommunication cable ducts ~direct buried (DB) or encasement buried (EB) (All these are from Table 5) For consideration of pipes of other dimensions our Technical Sales Department may be consulted.7 3.light.2 2.- - - ~ Table 11 shows the uPVC pipes of different gauges ..for use as electrical and telecommunication conduits (Medium and heavy duty pipes are from Table 5).8 3.8 2.5 1..2 50 1.0 3. 14.2 1.8 110 140 160 1.~ - .4 3.9 20 0. TABLE 12: Dimensions Nominal Outside Diameter mm Type EB Nominal Wall Thickness mm Type 08 Nominal Wall Thickness mm 50 63 75 90 1.0 32 1.7 * Heavy duty dimensions are based on Saudi Arabian standards (SAS).2 4.welecommunication Cable Conduit ~ - ----.0 40 1. TABLE 11: Dimensions Nominal Outside Diameter mm Light Duty Nominal Wall Thickness mm Medium DUly Nominal Wall Thickness rnm Heavy Duty' Nominal Wall Thickness mrn 16 0.8 1.9 2.8 L8 1.2 1. medium and heavy duty ..
Angular pitch of Holes.0 n!4 a a Tt ° f-p- a a fa t Jf p n. (Staggered rows) Staggered (fig.~~ SAPPCO have a range of perforated upve pipes for use in sub-soil drainage systems. a typical 4 rows of 6 mm dia.3c (Staggered Rows) SAPpeD also have a range of SLonED shown on Fig. 3 e below: - T D 1 For further information regarding configuration of slotts please refer to our Sales Department. o 32mm to 630mm in standard sizes In accordance witH the.4 For example. holes at longitudinal pitch of 70mm will give an intake area in excess of 1000 Sq. b) Slotted pipes upve pipes for use in lowering the underground water bed as Fig. 3a) Fig 3b.· a) Perforated Pipes Perforated & Slotted Pipes ' .. mm per metre length of pipe. The figures 3a & 3b below give general configuration which may be varied within the following parameters depending on size and class of pipe selected.3b) 0 -tP-i.f pipe d n a 1 to 4 40' degrees for 3 or 4 rows 40'.~ -iT- a a 0 0 0 ° a a 0 t-o-tao .Jgitudinal pitch of holes Hole diameter Number of rows. Outside diameter. --~(" 13 .80 or 120' degrees for 2 rows Arrangement of rows Fig 3a. Wall thickness LOr. (Straight rows) Straight (fig. class of pipe selected 30'mm to 200mm depending on size and class o.
Pipe can also be supplied with both ends chamfered (D/C) if requested. In these joints. Pipes are supplied with an integral plain socket preformed in our factory. . SAPPCO manufacture the world wide known Anger joint system. Fig 4. R/J Coupling with register Fig 5b. SAPPCO also produce the 'A' joint system which uses a reinforcing sleeve for making the 'A' joint socket.g. They are jointed using the recommended solvent adhesive supplied by SAPPCO and using the techniques specified on Page 32 and 33. Pipe joint - SAPPCO pipes are supplied with various joint systems. Pipes are supplied with Integral grooved socket at one end incorporating elastomeric sealing ring. (a) Plain End/Chamfered End (b) Plain Socket Solvent Weld Joint B-B (c) Anger Joint EBB (d) 'A' Joint Rubber ring joints (R/J). Fig Sa. the rubber ring seal is so designed that the sealing power increases with the rise in internal pressure in the pipeline. Plain Ended (PIE) pipe for use with separate Couplings. Solvent (Adhesive) Weld or Special Fittings. in. 6" ASTMS or' BS uPVC pipe to 160mm 0. the latter type being used for repair or alteration work in the existing lines. SAS or DIN uPVC Pipe). '. Other lenghts can be supplied by arrangement.'" Couplings - Couplings with double ring seals or solvent weld joints are supplied by SAPPCO for jointing plain ended pipes or when pipes are cut and joined to required length.. These couplings may either be with register or without register. PIS Coupling with register rfIlt1COJ UJ OJ R/J Coupling without register H PIS Coupling without register A range of special adaptor couplings are available for connecting uPVC pipe of different standards (e. Ring Seal. Plain Socket (PIS) Solvent Weld Joints.0.Pipe Lengths & Pipe Joint SAPPCO pipes are available in nominal standard lengths of 6 meters. the Anger joint sockets are made with locally wall thickened pipe.lengths of 6 metres or 5 metres. 14 .
(915mm) centres for pipe sizes 160mm and above.... Yes No Yes Yes ~ U _1_5_.. These spacings apply to pipe sizesl60mm and above.e. Pipes may be off-loaded from lorries by rolling them gently down timbers. then the thickest classes of largest diameter must always be placed at the bottom. Pipes should not be stacked in large piles. and when-off loading. Pipes stored thus should not exceed three layers high and should be stacked to prevent movement. 'A' Joints. special care must be taken in transit.r: . as the lower layers may distort. as pipes may be damaged by being rubbed against these during transit. where racks are not provided. Whilst in transit.. especially in warm temperature conditions. but if this is not possible.8m) centres at the side. pipes may be stared not more than seven layers. etc) should be stacked in layers with sockets placed at alternate ends of the stack and with the sockets protruding to avoid unstable stacks and the possibility of imparting a permanent set to the pipes. handling and storage to avoid damage to the ends.<:. pipes should be lowered. etc.. resulting in difficulties in [ointinq and pipe alignment. loose nail-heads. care being take to ensure that pipes do not fall one upon another. pipes shall be well secured over their entire length and not allowed to project unsecured over the tailboard of the lorry. Reasonable care.. As a result. (1. Fig 6. Closer supports will be required for sizes below 160mm. For temporary storage in the field. their specific gravity being approximately one-fifth of Cast Iron. or 6ft. but if different classes of pipe are kept in the same racks. should be placed beneath the pipes and at 6ft. (75mm) bearing width at spaCings not greater than 3 ft. not dropped to the ground. nor on to any hard or uneven surfaces. pipe racks should provide continuous support. pipes stored inside pipes of larger diameters. Since the soundness of any joint depends on the condition of the spigot and the socket. if the stacks are rectangular. (1. Pipes should be given adequate support at all times.Handling and Storage . the ground should be level and free from loose stones.. in such pipe racks. - * * Unplasticised pvc pipes are strong but light... Stack heights should be reduced if pipes are nested. should be used at all times.8m) high whichever is the lesser. however. Reductions in height should be proportional to the weight of the nested pipe compared to the weight of the pipes normally contained in such stowages. For long-term storage. * * * * * * When loading pipes on to vehicles. these pipes are more easily handled than their metal counterparts.. Any pipe with ends prepared for jointing (socket and spigot joints. uPVC pipes should always be stored in the shade to avoid ultra-violet (UN) degradation from the Sun's rays. i. Yes care must be taken to avoid their coming into contact with any sharp corners such as cope irons.::. timber of at least 3in.
Cut to line with a fine toothed saw. Make small chamfer on the edge of 'the pipe and with medium file.. I f 0:'" \ J 2.7b Pipe ends should be chamfered at an angle of approximately 15° to about 1/3 of the wall thickness with a coarse file. Pipes up to 75mm may be jointed easily with solvent adhesives.. • ' l .-. Surform tool or chamfering tool. Larger sizes require more special techniques and require two men to make such joints.. --16 . Site work Instructions· . . Mark depth of entry of the pipe into the socket and alignment mark.::'. . 1. Pipe Should be cut square. Mark line around pipe (felt pen is ideal). A simple method of cutting pipes square is to wrap newspaper or similar sheet paper around the pipe with no overlap of the edges. 2. " Fig 8. Cutting and Chamfering Fig 7a. S~lvent Weld Joints· . r' Fig. Jointing Procedure. • ". ". ' . '.
Apply adhesive without delay after cleaning.3. align pipe and socket. Testing Allow 8 hours to elapse before applying working pressure or 24 hours for tests pressures. 7. 8. 4. 6.. then wipe off excess cement (DO NOT TWIST). TEST CONTENTS IN ACCORDANCE WITH INSTRUCTIONS ON EACH CAN. Hold in position for a few seconds. 5. using a flat clean brush. After Jointing JOints should not be moved or disturbed for 10 . Allow 4 hours if the jointed pipe lengths are to be laid in a trench. Allow 1 hour for each 3.15 minutes then the jointed pipe may be handled with care. 17 l-'~- . Solvent Weld Jointing of large diameter pipe requires special care and our Technical Service Department should be contacted in case of difficulty.5 atmospheres of pressure. Roughen the outside of the pipe and the inside of the socket using sand paper or emery cloth upto the entry mark. 9.. Clean both surfaces and remove all dust. the pipe should be given a second coat. Immediately insert the pipe into the socket up to the entry mark. Apply an even unbroken layer brushing axially to the pipe end and socket mouth with a heavier layer on the pipe. Always replace the lid of the can after making a joint and follow the instructions on the can observing any warnings. Stir adhesive thoroughly. Where loose fits are found.. With pipe sizes up to 50mm it is possible to reduce this time. 10. SOLVENl ADHEstV5 . grease and swart using a dry clean cloth and cleaner. Always use the Solvent adhesive supplied and approved by SAPPCO or APLACO.
_-- . Fig 9.'_. . Use Solvent adhesive and cleaning fluid in a well ventilated area. Push the pipe firmly into the socket up to the insertion mark previously made. . (a) (b) Insert Folded· snap in position (c) . Jointing Clamps Jointing Clamps may be used for ease of assembly. Anger Joint . Apply jointing lubricant to the chamfer and the end of the spigot of the pipe or fitting only. 18 . grit. in any event. See Fig. The joint will not be disturbed with long lengths.:. grease and as dryas possible. Insert pipe into the socket without seal ring place and mark pipe when it is fully inserted. .ust be clean and dry before commencing solvent welding. . Do not dilute solvent adhesive with cleaning fluid. When laying continuous runs of pipe. providing that the pipe is not twisted or the previously made joint lifted out of place. Keep away from naked flames and do not smoke. attention is drawn to the instructions printed on the containers. Brushes must be thoroughly cleaned after use by washing out in cleaning fluid..'_. 13. Place seal in groove of socket ensuring that seal is correct way round. * * * * Ring Seal Joints Ensure that the spigot and socket are free from dust. Precautions Brushes rr. If an expansion gap is required the pipe is then pulled back by the desired amount.-:. Anger seal ring should be fitted with tapered section facing the outside of the socket. -. (See Fig. Always replace lids of containers.1 0) Fig 10. joints may be made quicker than the setting times advised above.
-= 1 as well as for gases_ V· 60 70 75 16 75 85 40 Continuous Continuous 45 50 60 70 85 95 105 120 20 25 32 40 50 63 50 90 55 Fig 11. 280 For vertical installations.. the above support distances may be increased by 30% (Multiply the values given by 1. Heavy Valves etc.G.25 1.40 160 205 215 225 240 250 260 270 275 28q 285 160 170 185 200 205 215 ..Above Ground Installation Pressure Installations ' Ring Seal Joints should not be used on above ground installations unless all the joints are anchored against end thrust. TABLE 13: Pipe bracket spacing in the case of fluids specific gravity . The average deflection between centres should be up to a maximum of 2..75 2_00 077 0.83 .5 mm.3).E. Pipe Bracket Spacing Plastic pipelines need to be supported at specific intervals. Pipe Support Centres lQO 110 125 140 150 165 1S5 215 225 240 85 100 115 130 140 155 175 65 80 95 110 120 135 155 185 ~I ./ 200 215 225 240 250 . the temperatures of the liquid and the environment and the pipe wall thickness and type of plastic used. Some deflection may be allowed between brackets and at changes of direction. For heavier duty installations. These intervals will depend on the specific gravity of the material being conveyed. Support of Fittings. liner for fixed points.~~I . For fluids with a specific gravity exceeding 1 multiply by the factors shown: - 1.90 0.~~ . .225 230 235 240 245 Facto: 0.50 1. For the same reason it is usually advisable to fix pipe supports on either side of flanged connections. Protection of Pipelines uPVC pipelines must be protected from direct sunlight and external heat.- Class 3 should be reduced by 10% 75 90 1-10 1. Pipe Bracket Supports For light duty and small pipe sizes. Class 4 and 5 I-. plastic pipe support brackets are suitable. 260 265 270 275 200 225 250 280 315 355 '250 260 270 Class 5 may be lnereasee by 10% 280 290 300 310 320 400 450 500 290 S.70 . Where plastic pipelines incorporate metal valves or other heavy fittings it is essential to support the valve directly rather than allow their weight to be carried by the plastic pipe. matching formed metal pipe supports should be used with cork or P.
c.' ~ ••.Pipe Supports . loose brackets or sliding points allow the pipe to .. :.:/ . Fig 12c.~. ~• .• . Fixed centre point movement either way Fig 12d.~.__ ____..' . Fig 12b..movs or slide as expansion or contraction takes place ...Loose and Fixed Arrangements Axial movement of the pipe line must not be prevented. A fixed point may be created in pipeline by solvent welding two split collars on to the pipe.... ~ I - ~ Sliding Point To ensure that this movement is controlled it is necessary to create fixed paints. .. ~ ~'. The collars should be positioned and clamped for 12 hours." • Fixed points Arrows indicate end thrust and resultant forces that must be resisted with seal ring joints by inclusion of a concrete pad or extra bracket. at bends or changes of direction or in the centre of a pipe run. Collars may be manufactured from pipe. Fig 12a. a section of approx imate Iy 1/3 of ci rcu mfe rence removed.. 20 . Fixed points may be positioned at one end of a pipe run.. Split collars solvent welded on to pipe to provide a fixed point.
B. uPVC Pipes may be cold flexed to accommodate ground contours and road curvatures in outside diameters up to 225mm. Before testing. E. observe the depth of entry after installation. The depth of chamfer should be one third the wall thickness. preferably not exceeding 1000 metres. If the joints must be covered. Placing the pipes on blocks also reduces friction and consequently facilitates the making of the joint·. THESE BLOCKS MUST BE REMOVED BEFORE BACKFILLING. the line must be backfilled leaving the joints exposed. to protect it against damage by abrasion.. Expansion Gap 13 to 25 mm according to size 13 to 25 mm according to size I F. D. G. ---"'_': 21 . cleanliness is of prime jmportance. AND EVERY CARE MUST BE TAKEN TO ENSURE THAT THE PIPE IS NOT BEDDED ON SUBMERGED ROCK. H. C. specially spigot ends. ' Below Ground Installation. All Changes of direction must be anchored. Never cut the leg of a Ring Seal Joint bend.' . . 14a.14b) Concrete thrust blocks are suitable but the unit should only be haunched and a flexible membrane interposed between the concrete and the unit. The cold bending and supporting is illustrated in Fig. Pipes larger than 225mm diameter should be regarded as rigid and changes in direction should be accomodated by the use of special bends or flexible couplings. As with all pipe jointing. (See Fig-. . and subsequently at convenient intervals. General Notes A. for standard pipe length of 6 metres. If jointing above ground. The pipe should be marked so that the spigot enters the socket to within 13 to 25 mm of the bottom of the socket dimension. The bending radius (R) should not be less than approximately 300 times the outside diameter of the pipe (in mm). it is useful to mark their position. Some distortion of the shape may occur during processing which might cause a leak. . Fig 13. should be supported clear of the ground to prevent dirt being smeared on with the lubricant. and pipes. The pipeline should be tested initially after a few joints (certainly not more than 500 metres) to ensure that they have been made correctly.
.. Ministry of Housing and Local Government's Working Party report on the design and construction of underground sewers. Excavation The trench should not be opened too far in advance of pipe laying and should be backfilled as soon as possible. 22 . The width of the trench at the crown of the pipe should be as narrow as practicable but not less than the outside diameter of the pipe plus 300 mm to allow proper compaction of the sidefill. but are equally applicable to pressure pipes. 225mm above the crown of the pipe. l-! . the trench may be any convenient width.K..Cold flexing in the trench TABLE 14: Fig 14a. -----_Length ofPipe --------i~~1 I Support Laying It is very important when laying uPVC pipes for gravity drainage to ensure that the pipe is laid in accordance with the recommendations made on the following pages.. The inherent flexibility of uPVC drainage pipe can be used to advantage but care must be taken to ensure that the bed of the trench will support the pipeline adequately so as to prevent localised loss of g·radient or bridging.... Projections must be removed to avoid point loading of the pipe. These are extracted from the U.
'.e pipe Anchor block at taper reducer Anchor block at 45° Bend Anchor block at 90° Bend Anchor block at blank end Anchor block at equal lee Face of concrete thrust blocks should be suitably covered to protect uPVC pipe-work..'_ ~ .~jh:i h.::"C"":"··'..X.. .. -r· ...__-------------f( c' Lr-""l"h------------r11lt." ~~. Fig 14b.'..:.··. ..i .. Typical arrangement of anchor blocks used in conjunction with uPVC pipe-work incorporating rubber ring 'mechanical joints when buried.. ..S.i.~~..... '.·.:~ -1.·~·....._~ .:i''.~..._: -~- - .· _ :t~~' ~'~ . '.i-. • I~_"r \ -' <?.{.'sUJii{ ~ '>\b'.... '-_ ~..:>. :)_...":ii...' H. 1 2 3 4 5 6 NOTE: Anchor block at gate valve utilising puddle Ilang.~ ..\.~~'-~~- '~:..1 •."i"'.•"·:...~ ' ~~'r'. _:'·.'....--------- ----------------------------~ .ie..C'i.
Heavy mechanical rammers should not be used until the fill has reached a depth of 300mm above the top of the pipe. but they must be capable of being compacted sufficiently to provide adequate support for the pipe (see note following for test for suitability). Pipes should be laid directly on this bedding. sidefill or backfill. 24 . The same material should then be placed over the crown of the pipe for not less than 2/3 of the diameter. gravel.S. Any trench sheeting should be partially withdrawn to allow this to be done.R. Normal filling of the trench should then proceed in layers not exceeding 300mm in thickness. tets described at the end of this section must be used.B. Before backfilling. so as to maintain an equal pressure on both sides. and clay should not be used immediately around the pipe for bedding. _.. true to gradient. recommendations is suitable. on which the pipe may be laid. but any material which complies with the U. " With flexible pipes it is of great importance that the sidefill should be very firmly compacted between the . Bedding and Sidefilling . and a minimum of 100mm thick. Should the material excavated from the trench be unsuitable. .sides of the pipe and the soil sides of the trench. In every soft or wet conditions. . . ~.S.B. " _ Backfilling _ : _. . The bedding should be thoroughly compacted in layers not more than 150mm thick to give a uniform bed. Further bedding material should be placed around the pipe and be thoroughly compacted in 75mm layers by careful tamping up to the crown of the pipe. or where the bottom of the trench is very irregular. this thickness should be increased as necessary to give a suitable bed. Granular material is very satisfactory as it requires little compaction once placed. Bricks or other hard materials must not be placed under the pipes for temporary support. ~ Some soils. The process of filling and tamping should proceed equally on either side of the pipe. eliminating all cavities under the two lower quadrants of the pipe. with a minimum height of 1OOmm and a maximum of 300mm and be thoroughly compacted. then a backfill medium. unless a rotary type excavator has been used. as excavated from the trench (such as free drainage coarse sand. for example under roads. each layer being well rammed.R. loam and soil of a friable nature) may be suitable for use as sidefill material. The thickness of the bedding under the barrel of the pipe should be not less than 1/3 of the diameter.. Material for Bedding and Sidefilling· :' . which complies with U. any levelling pegs or temporary packing should be removed. Special consideration and selection of back filling material will be necessary if the risk of surface subsidence is an important consideration. Soils such as hard chalk which break up when wet.' . . .K.K.
3. Compacting Layers of Backfill (Even tamping in 75 mm layers up to top of clean cut trench. Trench Preparation Clean Cut Trench 225 mm t t Fig 15b. Not less than 300 mrn When pipe lines are layed in hot climatic conditions it is advisable to fill the pipe with cold water to bring the pipe lengths to normal contracted dimension. 25 .. Until over 300 mm from level has been reached." Examples 'of Trench preparation and Backfilling _.' Fig 15. Normal Filling' .) Not less than 1!3 of diameter of pipe Not less than 1 00 mm _0 Pipe Diameter plus 300mm Not less NOI less than t 2/3 pipe diameter 100 mm Not more than 300 mm I han 300 mm Fig 15c. - j •• - • .(Layers of 300 mm tamped by non-mechanical rammers). Check the joints in the case of dry jointed or ring seal joints to ensure that socket insertion depth is satisfactory.
2Skg. In cases of doubt. a weighed representative* sample of material . because above this figure there is a risk of blockage. (b) EASE OF COMPACTION . 3.about 2 kg . Measure down from the top of the cyUnder to the surface of the compacted material. the United Kingdom Building Research Station consider that the maximum acceptable decrease in vertical diameter is 5%. telescopic joints should be used th. Place about 1/4 of the material back in the cylinder and tamp vigorously until no further compaction can be obtained. If any particles are retained on the 40mm sieve. and so on for the third and fourth quarters.. loosely and without tamping . Repeat with the second quarter. Open-ended cylinder 2S0mm long and 1S0mm ± 6mm internal diameter. it is necessary for some deformation or ovality of the pipe to take place..5kg) it is important that t the moisture content of the sample should not differ materially from that of the trench . Lift the cylinder up clear of its contents and place on a fresh area of flat surface. (160mm Class 3 Sappeo uPVC pipe is suitable). 1. The maximum particle size should generally not exceed 20mm. 2.. Test for the suitability of Soil Material for surrounding Flexible Sewer and Drain Pipes laid Underground (a) PARTICLE SIZE.------""'ft Lift off loose filling Tamp filling and measure compaction Obtain a representative sample more than sufficient to fi·1Ihe cylinder (about 11.roughout the line though most flexible pipes are capable of following any ground movement of normal degree without fracture or tailure Maximum Allowable Deformation For the necessary reaction from the sidefill to develop. Rule. Metal rammer with striking face 40mm diameter and weighing 1 to 1. This distance in mms divided by the height of the cylinder (250mm) is referred to as the Compaction Fraction. Fig 16.Strike off the top surface level with the top of the cylinder and remove all surplus spilled material. If particles over 40mm are present the material should be rejected.should be sievec'" using 20mm and 40mm sieves. tamping as before.Apparatus required. leakage from joints or collapse of the pipes. tamping the final surface as level as possible. 26 . Until more is known on this subject. Place the cylinder on a firm flat surface and gently pour the sample material into it. The presence of an occasional particle between 20mm and 40mm is acceptable provided the total quantity of such particles is only a very small fraction of the whole. the material is not acceptable unless it is first screened so as to comply with this requirement.Special Cases For special cases of unstable ground and areas of mining subsidence where "draw" of the joints may be expected. Sample of Quartering Loose filled sample Measurement _j_ .
ided and so on. concrete may be used as a protecting raft above . er 0. or less (25mm) ~.1 metres. Not less than 0. -es s have shown that traffic loads (wheel loads) do not affect pipes with this amount of cover depth rovided they are properly installed and back-filled..45m in open country . vsver. compaction Fraction . 1966. Under these circumstances. Not suitable if the pipe is subject to waterlogged conditions after laying. Material suitable but requires extra care in compaction.otes .2m under roads and verges Sidefilling Bed ---'-_ ~ . ardening implements. granular cushion Not less than 1. such as class of road. uPVC pipes may be buried with a maximum cover -:npth of 6. 27 .K.O. where top loading is unlikely to occur. . At depths less than 0.3 (25mm to -5mm) Material suitable. open country.2 metres should be allowed when pipes are installed under roads.auld be given to all the engineering factors involved.45 metres. 'X To obtain a representative sample.Suitability for use '-'. etc.Concrete slab _~-w.2 metres.e sieve.. . -0 . At depths less than 1. Material unsuitable. but considerable force must not be used to squeeze oversize clumps through the mesh. clumps of material that break up under light finger pressure may be helped through -K* In the sieving. about 50kg of the material should be heaped on a clean suriace and divided with the spade down the middle into two halves. concrete slabs on a cushion of fill materials above the pipe should be used as a protection against picks. elsewhere than under roads. Ministry of Housing and Local Government Working Party of the Design and Construction of nderground Sewers' first interim report. or 0. a minimum cover depth of 1.~~~~ --I~~r:==:~~!\'1 __.3 (75mm) - aximum and minimum cover depths 1ether under roads and verges or in open country.S.M. One of these should then be similarly .. special consideration . H. .45 metres without any protection.. until the required weight of sample is left. provided a cushion of fill is laid between the pipe crown and the raft.e pipeline. pipes may be laid with a minimum cover depth of . its construction and the ::xlSi ion of other services. Fig 17. 75mm min.
914m) apart. (3628.914m) and 10% extra at 2 ft.. with a view to giving engineers further information on the design aspects of uPVC drainage pipe.609m). (. with an impact factor of 1.000 Ibs per square foot (3628. A rigid material such as cast iron. (. spaced 3 ft.000 Ibs. Soil Loading (non Pressure) - . .1 Kg) spaced 3 ft. to simulate ground conditions. In the design of pipe the U.. Pipes above 160mm diameter are not subject to such a high elevated temperature.000 Ibs (7257.7 Kg per. (. cause deformation at a relatively low load.914m) apart. They are therefore subjected to hot and cold water discharges over 2.9 Kg). (3175. The contributory effect of the second wheel 3 ft. 160mm pipe 8. Agreement Board. Any increase in the load causes the pipe to be considerably deformed although removal of the load allows the pipe to return almost to its original shape.. c.3 ~ for 200mm and 250mm. the maximum deformation of 5% is still not exceeded. Therefore on 11 ornrn pipe ths load is 8.. it is the proportion.. . '.609m). During the cycling period a load of 8.S.. (72n_Kg) each.. (.4 Kg) would produce only slightly more effect than that of 2 by 7. 092 sqm) is applied to the pipe backfill approximately 2' ft.000 Ibs (4535.914m) away adds only 5% extra at 3 ft. - . theory indicates that for a 11Omm pipe at 3ft.7 Kg) and above this size as quoted abo 8_ These tests are designed to simulate the worst possible operating conditions but notwithstanding this. The effect of increasing pipe diameter increases the projectea area of the pipe subject to load to a maximum of 10. Because uPVC pipes are an inherently flexible material. (4535.7 Kg). should be designed to support two wheeled loads oacr of 7. and 315mm 10. cement asbestos or salt glazed pi when subjected to a compressive load will show virtually no sign of deformation. (3175. All tests are conducted on the basis that 5% is the maximur allowable deformation.9 Kg).K. (.. results obtained from a crushing test such as that carried out on conventional rigid materials give figures that in no way relate to the performance 0''' the pipe under trench conditions. Building Research Station and The British Plastics Federation.. with an impact factor of 2 in addition to the weig the backfill. Similar tests carried out on uPVC pipes. of the pipe vertically below one wheel that is mainly affected. .000 Ibs.000 Ibs.000 Ibs. (3628. 110mm and 160mm domestic drainage pipes are subjected to a maximu m temperature of 86°C for s periods.000 Ibs. Work is continuing in this field both on a practical and theoretical basis by the plastics industry as a whole. at 2 ft. Also. For pipes laid under roads carrying traffic. tests have bee devised by the U. the two wheel loads should be 16. Tests on larger diameter pipes have therefore been conducted assuming continuous discharge at lower temperatures.K.1 Kg at .000 Ibs.609m) above the crown of the pipe. 28 . (. To get a true picture of uPVC drainage pipe performance. It is possible to increase the load until a point is reached where the pipe will fail without further noticeable deformation. (. etc. the U. Once again a static load is applied continuously and on pipe sizes above 160mm is 9000 Ibs (4082.914m) a static load of 2 by 16. The effect of surface loading diminishes with depth and.K. Ministry of Housing and Local Government Working Party has recommended that pipes laid under fields.500 cycles to represen statistically a 50-year usage.:.
9 16.. the following details should be provided for correct delivery of the material.9 14.6 11. I· o • Pipe Pipe Pipe Pipe Pipe Pipe Pipe Pipe Pipe Coupling Coupling Bend 90° Bend 2. leaving the joints exposed until a satisfactory test has been carried out. -. The line should be backfilled. (" To place an order.2 1.-- -_----_ -------------------~~-~~' _ __. is to pass a foam swab through the line. Examples given below will clarify the order requirements..8 4.2 11. .- . Blue Repair Register Double Socket Single Socket 4 2 '3 prs PIS R/J 5 29 s. The maximum test pressures for SAPPCO pipes based on ISO recommendations are: - Class 2 Class 3 Class 4 'Class 5 4 Bar 6 Bar 10 Bar 16 Bar 6 Bar 9 Bar 15 Bar 24 Bar For testing at higher temperature please refer 10 Table 7 NOTE Under no circumstances should compressed air be used for testing uPVC pipelines. ..: uPVC pressure pipelines should be pressure tested at intervals initially not exceeding 500 metres and subsequently not exceeding 1.. All air must be purged from the line before applying pressure.8 16.000 metres. All flexible joints should be carefully examined when the pipe has reached its working pressure. Air release valves should be installed at high points and a further precaution against air entrapment. uPVC Non Pressure pipelines are tested to low pressures for a specific period of time. injury or damage may result.2 6.9 20. (for leakage tests) The advice of our Technical Department should be obtained..2112" 20 225 40 90 110 160 500 160 280 90 160 50 225 5 3 5 0.3 3. _ Hydraulic Testing on Site'7~~~ : - ~ -. as in the event of failure whilst under test.'.7 PIE DIC PIS R/J PIS R/J R/J R/J Perforated Slotted 5 3 5 5 R/J R/J Colour.7 3.7 3. The passage of the foam swab will additionally cleanse the line of any debris left in the line during laying.
for which dimensions are same as shown in Table 14b on next page.. Detailed specification for design purposes should be obtained from our Technical Sales Department. 350 Bends for sizes 63mm and above are available either with PIS or R/J sockets. " 190 110 Fig l8b.Fig 18a TABLE 14a: ... L ~ 40 " " " 140 " " 125 170 220 175 180 225 " 175 " " " I r I L.)~ 16 " " " ~ 56 " " " Il::a~ 100 115 ~ ~ ••• 126 170 100 115 135 170 20 Rad " 70 " " l " " " 25 " 88 " " " 100 115 145 180 100 115 150 ...J I " 32 112 " " " Single Socket or Double Socket to be specified.. " .. I Single Socket or Double Socket to Dimensions stated above are indicative. L I . be specified 30 .--' 50 " " ..
_3_1 __ -. 263 260 285 350 47Q 90 315 L 350 390 480 600 385 370 400 500 690 Rad.. TABLE 14b: Drawn Radius Bends are produced from Thickened pipe. 63 221 240 260 300 420 75. 140 490 390 410 ~ L 570 760 160 560 420 600 1000 200 700 I 480 ~=t--~ Single Socket or Double Socket to be specified :.. (Ring Seal) "___ ~~ - --- __ .Radius Bends. Detailed specification for design purposes shoutd be obtained from our Technical Sales Department.60 I I 10 I (~~] I I I 1200 f640 400 I 1400 910 1160 1300 1940 Single Socket or Double Socket to be Specified 450 1575 960 1210 1400 2090 500 1750 1110 1410 1500 2190 NOTE: Bends of other Angles or radius to special order. 610 1150 840 1240 250 875 680 730 850 1350 280 980 700 830 1040 1610 315 1103 810 910 1050 1690 355 1243 8.1 : 540 760 225 788 590. Dimensions stated above are indicative. SAPPCO reserves the right to supply either Anger or 'A" joint type sockets.•• .
65-0.9 1.0 16.8 2.5-4.0 6.0 3.0 Kg Size 1.Lubricant Cleaner Size 1.0-12.0 1.7-1.0 13.0-2.0 0.3-1.0 240-30.0-4.0 Spare Rubber Seal Rings TABLE 17: 3S Anger Locking Ring Lens n Size mm 63-630 63-630 355 400 Every care is taken 10 see thallhe information given in this catalogue is correct and current but it is not Intended to form any part of any contract.0-38.0 0.0 Litre TAB LE 16: Guide to the co nsu mption of lubricant. cleaner and solvent cement per 100 joints.0-65 9. 33 .0 Litre Size 1.0-5.0-20.0 12.0-10.35-0.0-10.5 10.5 0.0-145 17.0 32.0 3.0 4.0 5.5-9.0 6.0-18.0 12.0-5.0-19. No warranty is intended to be given or implied in respect of the contents hereof.0-15. 32-40 50-63 75-90 110-125 140-160 200-225 250-280 315-400 500-630 2.
Yanbu. AI-Khobar. Electrical Distribution network of Royal Palaces Nassariyah District Riyadh. Africa & Far East. Makkah. Makkah Road Interchange and Riyadh Dammam Expressway Project & many other projects allover the Kingdom.ngs exported to GCe Countries. AI ~ Jouf Agri Co.Ministry of Communications uPVC pipes and fittings for Riyadh Ring Road Project. 36 --. Qassim. Hail & Wadi Sarhan. Hail. The testing is carried out on regular basis and involves testing of not only the pipe but also the integral socket. Nadec uPVC Pipes for irrigation projects in Wadi Dawassir. Authority uPVC slotted pipes for lowering of underground water table in various areas of Riyadh. Export Projects u=vo pipes & fitti. Riyadh. Saline Water Conversion Corporation uPVC pipes and fittings for Projects in Jeddah. Riyadh Dev. uPVC pipes for irrigation projects Jouf. Wadi Dawasir. uPVC pipes & fittings for the 2nd Ind. Companies uPVC pipes for irrigation projects in Tabuk.Hospital Projects throughout the Kingdom. The pressure tests at 60°C for 1000 hours were carried out on 225 and 315 mm pipe joints even though this pipe joint test is not specified in the standards. Jeddah. Dammam.Jubail.ngs for. Estate Project I Phase III. Ministry of Health Ministry of Industry uPVC pipesand fitti. The test is performed to provide a double assurance of best quality and safe performance for the piping system. . Taif. Imam Muhammad Ibn Saud University Project uPVC pipes and tittinqs for projects at Imam Muhammad Ibn Saud University. Kharj. and Riyadh. Najran & other areas. TADCO & Other Aglrr. SAPPCO pipes are subjected to independent testing. Jizan. Electricity Corporation uPVC conduits for SCECO regions throughout the Kingdom. Quality Control from Independent Testing House In addition to normal routine tests on uPVC pipes in its own laboratory. Haradh. uPVC pipes and fittings for Industrial Estates Projects.. Bisha.--- . Middle East._. Directorate for Girls Education uPVC pipe for SChools & Colleges projects throughout the Kingdom HADCD. Hofuf and AI-Qassim & other areas. Riyadh. Example of test certificates are reproduced on the following pages..
A..e.M. Tech T.QA.3 hours without failure.O~ N/mm2 (149.079 N/mm2 for 1054. TENG.l.). C... Sample: 225 mm Dia.l... COMMENTS . F.B. Inst. Ltd.0 G . DETAILS OF SAMPLES 4 No. . F.8. M.Se . Box 2828. 1979 • Sappco Saudi Plastic Products Co. x 315 mm .In all respects the pipe satisfies the specification requirements. x 225 mm . (CE.47 psi) 10 N/mm2 The test sample withstood the pressure of 1.QAB.l.A.. Saudi Arabia B.G.. Weld.F. strikes were applied without failure.eEng. C.Sc (Eng.!. reference your telex instructions of 7th November.B.. strikes.F.O. The 'K' value of the moulding powder was found to be 65.WfLSON CONSULTANT W.079 N/mm2 (156.M G.' .Se. C:E.) M..) DIRECTORS OHSTANGER f.LCE .I. F. 2) Impact Strength: 3) Long-term hydraulic Test Pressure Wall stress test at 60°C: 1 .1.&C. For R... Riyadh. Yourselves on 31st October. M.). Chern . 1978.I.35 psi) 10 N/mm2 The test sample withstood the test pressure for 1010 hours without failure.To determine the following: 1) 2) 3) 4) Vicat softening point to ISO DIS 2507 K-value to DIN 53726 on polymer powder Impact strength to ISO 3127 Long-term hxdraulic test at 60° to ISO 1167.£.I.AELD B. Soc. MIEE. failure has occured In 52 No..C WILSON B. 1978. HARRY STANGER 37 . CE. M.Eng.H. COMPANY SECRETARY MRS.M..l. Industrial Estate. Corr. (France) YOUR REF OUR REF 3471fi8/CEJVM DATE 9th April.. OLIVER B.RHHARRY~ :ANGER' ST. x 225 mm . x 315 mm . RESULTS: Sample: 315 mm Dia.F"T. COlT Tech. (CEL. C. F.1290 UPVC Pipes with integral single socket A sample of polymer powder weighing 200g was received on 26th February.R.J. 1979. OBJECT OF TESTS .1280 UPVC Pipes 4 No.M.__ i MATERIALS CONSULTANTS TESTING & fNSPECTING ENGINEERS METALLURGISTS & ANAL YTICAL CHEMISTS (APPROVED TEST HOUSE: D. CALVERT F.W. 1) Vicat softening point: Only 1 No.' ___ ~ ~ HARRY STANGER LTD THE LABORATORIES FORTUNE LANE ELSTREE HERTS WD6 3HQ TELEPHONEOI-2073191 TELEX 922262 = . I..7°e 42 No.D.B.LQAF1. P.SC (Eng. K. Pipe (without socket) 1) Vicat softening point: 2) Impact strength: 3) long-term hydraulic test at 60°C: Test pressure: Wall Stress 85. Pipe (without socket) 85. COMMENTS The pipes of 315 mm diameter comply with specification requirements o in all respects. KIMBER REPORT OF TESTS ON SAMPLES RECEIVED FROM: OF UPVC AND PIPES WITH INTEGRAL SOCKET.R.M. :.C . Eng. N.T.1600 UPVC Pipes with integral single socket I 4 No. 1.1290 UPVC Pipes 4 No.
D. COMPANY SECRETARY MRS.R.E .EJ.. ltd. Weld.LC . F. (France) 3471{78/CE/AD 26th June.69 m lengths 315 mm diameter U PVC pipe with integral single socket 4 No. Riyadh. Inst... P. (CEL) M. C. DETAILS OF SPECIMENTS Received from yourselves on 31st October.29 m lengths 225 mm diameter UPVC pipe 4 No.) DIRECTORS DH STANGER FYB.Q. For R.C WILSON B.. Sappco Saudi Plastic Products Co.F.Eng..)"e.225 mm diameter Test pressure: 1. HARRY STANGER I -:~'.03 N/mm2 Pipe Wall Stress 10 N/mm2 assembled UPVC pipe joint Test Temperature 60°C The jointed pipe withstood the pressure of 1269 hours without failure.R. Industrial Estate. C. OLIVER B.Se.. F.Se. Box 2828..M G. Saudi Arabia.M. Under this test procedure both the 225.29 m lenghts 225 mm diameter UPVC pipe with integral single socket OBJECT OF TESTS: To determine the long-term hydrostatic pressure resistance at 60°C.-STREE HERTS WD6 3HQ TELEPHONE 01-207 3191 TELEX 922262 MA TERIALS CONS UI.B. COMMENT: These tests are based on the ISO 1167 specification tests. 1. M. C:E.M. (C. 1578 dated 11th April.F.T.. 1.G.08 N/mm2 Pipe Wall Stress 10 N/mm2 assembled UPVC pipe joint . 1978 the following: 4 No. 1979 • K.LC. H..WILSON CONSULTANT W..315 mm diameter Test pressure: 1.irement for pipe joints and strictly applies to pipe only. (Eng.QAB. M.M. M. but the test is not a requ.A.Sc ..I.&C. C.L).I. RESULTS OF TEST: Sample .E.SC .I.~---- 38 .) .Eng..M..A .L Corr Tech.e. C Eng. N.I.L Corr.LQ. (Eng. Q The jointed pipe withstood the pressure of 1062 hours without failure. I.mHIHARRY~ ~ STANGER __ YOUR REF OUR REF DATE HARRY STANGER LTD THE LABORATORLES FORTUNE LANE Et.. F. 1.28 m lengths 315 mm diameter UPVC pipe .FIELD B.O. KIMBER B.F.A. 1.. rANTS TESTING & INSPECTING ENGINEERS METALLURGISTS & ANALYTICAL CHEMISTS (APPROVED TEST HOUSE: D. MIEE. TENG.W.. REPORT OF TESTS ON UPVC JOINTS INTRODUCTION This report contains details and results of tests on samples of 225 and 315 mm diameter UPVC pipe joints carried out in accordance with instructions contained in your telex No.A. 1979. 4 No.E. F. Sample .B.mm and 315 mm pipe joint withstood the test pressure for 1000 hours without failure. Test Temperature 60 C.T.l. CALVERT F. Tech T. Soc. Chern.
block moulding plant SAPTEX Expanded Polystyrene Insulation Board. finishing plant 39 . SAPTEX Expanded Polystyrene Insulation Board.SAPPC9 Branch Offices and Associated Companies SAPPCO Dammam uPVC and Polythyelene Pipe Plant APLACO uPVC Pipe Fitting Plant SAPTEX Polyurethane Insulation Board & Pipe Profiles Plant .
The joint and the pipe did not burst and remained watertight having: • • Withstopd 3 times the SAS.B.B.). 60°C. Withstood 60 Saral 20°C thereafter. DIN.-I~ ~ Long Term Test Facilities at SAPPCO The above joint and pipe length was made by SAPPCO and then tested for Jeddah Water Project (Consultant V. 16 Bar). standards specification requirements (1 OOOh. 40 FOR PROVEN HIGHEST QUALITY INSIST ON SAPpeo PIPES .
C. 1995. see our catalogue P. . 1998. Granules & Dryblend. 02/Duct. . see our catalogue S2.Casing & Screen pipes for water well. .SAPpeo OTHER PRODUCTS . Sappeo Flowguard Cpvc pipes. .Cpvc pipes for Hot & Cold water systems see our catalogue titled Cpvc schedule 80 pipes and our brochure. see our leaflet titled P.uPVC Conduct & Duct pipes & fittings.V.Granules. .
..la'd ~ffing$'I'" all oppucarloll!l 2· CPVC plpeS 101 tlpl wal~r Oil'" 3 .•• ~~~ ISO 90Q2 The TOV CERT Certification Body of Rheinisch ...V.l For further details and information. W hereby certifies in accordance with TOV CERT procedure that Saudi Plastic Products Co.JEDDAH 21422 SAUDI ARABIA .....uP. 1010005255 Riyadh P. BOX 5448 ..iiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiliiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiii. 2.o&rlco... BOX 2828 RIYADH 11461 SAUDI ARABIA Every care is taken to see that the information given in thts catalogue is correct'and current sui it is not intended to form any part of any contract. contact RIYADH HEAD OFFICE Phone: (01) 4480448.. Report No. Reg.. i I" JEDDAH OFFICE Phone: (02) 6726318 (02) 6549530 Telefax:(02.1-19BJ97 Proof has been iu rnished that the requirements ISO 9002/ EN ISO 9002/ ANSI/ASue Q9002 according to are fulfilled. Ltd. Box 2828. 13_05. An audlt was performed....VC cos:jpg & screen fOf w..aJer weDs: 4· PVCcompOUl')(I'/g"o~tI~.O.9.. Accot<ling'lo SAS/OINIlSO/BS/AS1M!N"'. estfalischer ruv e. S .'o stoMard.oiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiii. IOf dllf""'ntwpllq'~on. and no warranty is intended to be given 0r implied In respect of the contents hereof. .... C---- SAPPCO Com. Riyadh ..) 6719285 P...11461 Saudi Arabia has established and applies a quality system for M"""roCluW ene supply 01: I ~ "... The certificate is valid unfll Certificate Registration No.pvc plpee ll. P 41~_J _ ... March 2900 041007145 EsSllll.iiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiii...o~ L:. Teletax: (01) 446)392 P.O.O..iiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiii...1991 IlfIIIruV c7~ of Rlle1nlsct1-WestWTischer TOv eV TOY CERT Cer1ificatfon Eklcjy i......P'VC prol1l ..
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DiDio & Lee Says DC Will Take the Time to Do "Watchmen"/Rebirth Story 'Right'
Comic Books
Film, Comic Books
Comic Books, TV
The Buy Pile
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The Mission
Comics Should be Good
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Orange Park, FL
I mean, yeah, of course there is, as we live in the age where our memories of the past are preserved for us in the cloud, so it isn't a surprise. But I'd forgotten these things even existed until they popped up in my Tumblr feed.
"Dedicated to the appreciation and preservation of the most important art form of the latter half of the 20th century: PrestoMagix," the Tumblr in question has all sorts of package shots of various PrestoMagix "games" from the late 1970s and early 1980s, including several Marvel and DC Comics ones. If you aren't familiar with the magic (excuse me, magix) behind these things, basically they consisted of an illustrated background and an acetate sheet of various characters, vehicles, etc. The idea was that you put the sheet on the background and rubbed the back with a pencil, so the image on the sheet transferred to the background — thus creating your own little story.
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|By PR Newswire
Article Rating:
|August 27, 2014 05:00 PM EDT
SIOUX FALLS, S.D., Aug. 27, 2014 /PRNewswire/ -- Meta Payment Systems, a division of MetaBank, and a leading issuer of prepaid cards, has entered into a multi-year agreement with UniRush, LLC, to issue the Prepaid RushCard. RushCard represents another way for MetaBank to achieve its vision of promoting financial inclusion for everyone while assisting UniRush in executing on its mission of empowering members by providing access to services that enable them to achieve their personal and financial goals.
RushCard has significant growth plans for the future, and its relationship with MetaBank will lend itself to those plans, according to UniRush CEO Rick Savard. "After a careful review of potential issuers, we selected MetaBank based on its extensive prepaid experience, solid business model and overall infrastructure in place to offer RushCard an issuing partnership that will enable us to grow and expand our business," he said.
MetaBank President Brad Hanson looks forward to working with UniRush on developing future products and services. "It will be a pleasure working with the quality team at UniRush to offer more financial options to consumers," he said. "Like Meta, UniRush has a long history of helping to improve the financial dignity of millions of people who don't have or choose not to use the traditional financial products many of us take for granted."
About UniRush, LLC
UniRush, LLC, which helped pioneer the prepaid debit card industry with the Prepaid RushCard, one of the first general purpose reloadable prepaid debit cards in the marketplace, provides members with access to services that enable them to achieve their personal and financial goals. UniRush offers Americans an array of basic financial services via the RushCard. To learn more about the RushCard, visit www.rushcard.com or find us at facebook.com/rushcard or on Twitter @RushCard.
About MetaBank®
MetaBank®, through its Meta Payment Systems® (MPS) division, delivers innovative financial products that change the way people use, borrow and manage money. Based in Sioux Falls, South Dakota, MPS is a recognized leader in the prepaid card industry and provides innovative payment solutions delivered nationally in collaboration with market-leading partners. MPS focuses on offering specific product solutions in the following areas: prepaid cards, credit products, ACH origination and ATM sponsorship. Meta Financial Group, Inc.® (NASDAQ Global Market®: CASH), is the holding company for federally chartered savings bank MetaBank, Member FDIC. For more information, visit www.metapay.com.
This press release and other important information about the Company are available at www.metafinancialgroup.com.
Meta Financial Group, Inc.®, ("Meta Financial" or "the Company" or "us") and its wholly-owned subsidiary, MetaBank® (the "Bank" or "MetaBank"), may from time to time make written or oral "forward-looking statements," including this earnings release, statements contained in its filings with the Securities and Exchange Commission ("SEC"), in its reports to stockholders, and in other communications by the Company, which are made in good faith by the Company pursuant to the "safe harbor" provisions of the Private Securities Litigation Reform Act of 1995.
You can identify forward-looking statements by words such as "may," "hope," "will," "should," "expect," "plan," "anticipate," "intend," "believe," "estimate," "predict," "potential," "continue," "could," "future" or the negative of those terms or other words of similar meaning. You should read statements that contain these words carefully because they discuss our future expectations or state other "forward-looking" information. These forward-looking statements include statements with respect to the Company's beliefs, expectations, estimates, and intentions that are subject to significant risks and uncertainties, and are subject to change based on various factors, some of which are beyond the Company's control. Such statements address, among others, the following subjects: future operating results; customer retention; loan and other product demand; important components of the Company's balance sheet and income statements; growth and expansion; new products and services, such as those offered by MetaBank® (the "Bank") or Meta Payment Systems® ("MPS"), a division of the Bank; credit quality and adequacy of reserves; technology; and the Company's employees. The following factors, among others, could cause the Company's financial performance to differ materially from the expectations, estimates, and intentions expressed in such forward looking statements: the strength of the United States economy in general and the strength of the local economies in which the Company conducts operations; the effects of, and changes in, trade, monetary, and fiscal policies and laws, including interest rate policies of the Board of Governors of the Federal Reserve System (the "Federal Reserve"), as well as efforts of the United States Treasury in conjunction with bank regulatory agencies to stimulate the economy and protect the financial system; inflation, interest rate, market, and monetary fluctuations; the timely development of and acceptance of new products and services offered by the Company as well as risks (including reputational and litigation) attendant thereto and the perceived overall value of these products and services by users; the risks of dealing with or utilizing third parties; the impact of changes in financial services' laws and regulations, including but not limited to our relationship with our regulators, the OCC and the Federal Reserve; technological changes, including but not limited to the protection of electronic files or databases; acquisitions; litigation risk in general, including but not limited to those risks involving the MPS division; the growth of the Company's business as well as expenses related thereto; changes in consumer spending and saving habits; and the success of the Company at managing and collecting assets of borrowers in default.
The foregoing list of factors is not exclusive. Additional discussions of factors affecting the Company's business and prospects are contained in the Company's periodic filings with the SEC. The Company expressly disclaims any intent or obligation to update any forward-looking statement, whether written or oral, that may be made from time to time by or on behalf of the Company or its subsidiaries.
SOURCE Meta Financial Group, Inc.
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With the proliferation of both SQL and NoSQL databases, organizations can now target specific fit-for-purpose database tools for their different application needs regarding scalability, ease of use, ACID support, etc. Platform as a Service offerings make this even easier now, enabling developers to roll out their own database infrastructure in minutes with minimal management overhead. However, this same amount of flexibility also comes with the challenges of picking the right tool, on the right ...
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The Internet of Things will challenge the status quo of how IT and development organizations operate. Or will it? Certainly the fog layer of IoT requires special insights about data ontology, security and transactional integrity. But the developmental challenges are the same: People, Process and Platform. In his session at @ThingsExpo, Craig Sproule, CEO of Metavine, demonstrated how to move beyond today's coding paradigm and shared the must-have mindsets for removing complexity from the develo...
Jul. 23, 2016 01:15 AM EDT Reads: 1,005


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Video: Best police recruitment video ever?
Ore. police know what they want from their next police chief
By PoliceOne Staff
HILLSBORO, Ore. — The community of Hillsboro created a recruitment video in hopes of finding their new police chief, and it made the qualifications clear: a new chief must be passionate about the town, and fun.
Former Police Chief Carey Sullivan resigned in March amid ongoing labor conflicts, and Ron Louie has taken over as interim chief as the department searches for a more permanent replacement, according to Oregon Live.
The six-minute satirical recruitment video shows mock situations like a domestic disturbance call that requires a SWAT unit, and a friendly arrestee who proclaims his love for the town from the back seat of a squad.
"As you can see, we like having fun here at Hillsboro, but that's because we're passionate about what we do. We're all family," an officer says to the camera.
The video was funded by taxpayers, and is part of a recruitment packet that includes a job description and brochure, according to ci.hillsboro.or.us. Applications are due by September 20.
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PHNOM PENH - Kampong Cham provincial court has detained and charged six men for their involvement in an alleged bank robbery last week, officials said Monday.
One man, Sim Kimthan, a senior cashier at the Acleda bank branch where the crime allegedly took place, was charged for organizing the robbery, with five others charged with theft, Um Chanthol, investigating judge for the court, said Monday.
Sim Kimthan has also been charged with theft and for organizing armed men, Um Chanthol said. The suspects face three to 10 years in prison if convicted.
The alleged robbery, which took place last Wednesday, was initially thought to be a hostage crisis, with elite police and other security forces surrounding the bank's Beak Anlung branch. It was later determined that all six people, including Sim Kimthan and four other employees of the bank, were involved in the alleged crime.
Police now say the hostage situation was staged to cover up the heist.
Acleda bank officials say $50,000 has gone missing from the bank following the alleged robbery, though it remains unclear where the money has gone or who else might have been involved.
Prum Visoth, senior vice president at Acleda, said the bank had filed its own suit with the provincial court, demanding $100,000 in compensation from the defendants. The amount was in part to pay for loss of reputation after staff members allegedly robbed their own bank, he said.