text:
|Publication number
|Publication type
|Application number
|PCT number
|Publication date
|Sep 21, 2004
|Filing date
|Aug 26, 1998
|Priority date
|Aug 26, 1998
|Fee status
|Also published as
|Publication number
|Franck Savard
|Original Assignee
|Shimano Inc.
|Export Citation
|BiBTeX, EndNote, RefMan
|Patent Citations (18), Referenced by (32), Classifications (13), Legal Events (6)
|External Links: USPTO, USPTO Assignment, Espacenet
1. Field of Invention
The present invention relates to an optimised rear dérailleur device for a bicycle, in particular, however, not exclusively appropriate for bicycles also comprising a front dérailleur and a gearshift system, the unit being controlled by a synchronized control handle.
2. Description of Related Art
An arrangement of two dérailleurs, front and rear, controlled by a single handle is known from the European Patent Application No. 95450012.0.
This arrangement is particularly interesting for the user with regards to riding, however, the particular advantage set forth in the present application, does not represent a direct interest to the user, rather it is the limitation of the chain length.
The fact namely that the number of combinations of the disks and pinions is reduced into a subunit determined by the entirety of combinations corresponding to the product of the number of pinions by the number of disks, is due to the fact that the alignment of the chain is optimised and the length of the chain reduced.
Moreover, the market requires an improved ground clearance, in particular in the case of off-road bicycles, and it becomes clear that the rear dérailleur is particularly exposed to shocks and to getting caught, in particular when a great chain length has to be taken up.
The dérailleur according to the present invention moreover proposes a dérailleur, the ground clearance of which is considerably increased and the operation of which does not disturb the conception of the bicycle frame so that it can be mounted on the existing bicycle fleet without modification, on condition that a means for limiting the chain crossing is preferably present, so as to reduce the length of the chain, the fabrication of which necessitates pieces which can directly be industrially manufactured, the operation of which is the same for the user, the putting into service of which allows the conservation of the pinion and disk sets existing on the bicycle, and the cost of which remains within the range of prices of the dérailleurs on the market.
For that purpose, the inventive dérailleur device is characterized in that it is equipped with a front dérailleur, a chain connecting a set of pinions and at least one disk and, if the case may be, a synchronized control limiting the combinations for an adapted chain alignment and for reducing the chain length necessary in the case of several disks, characterized in that it comprises:
a rotatable base provided with a return spring forcing the so base in anti-clockwise direction
guiding/dérailleur means fixedly connected to the base, and
a movable tension plate fixedly connected to the guiding/dérailleur means.
According to a particular embodiment, the movable tension plate comprises a supporting arm, a tension arm mounted pivotable relative to the supporting arm, and a first and a second tension roller mounted freely rotatable on the ends of the tension arm, as well as a spring forcing the tension arm in anti-clockwise direction, whereby the chain passes over the first tension roller and under the second tension roller.
In particular, the tension arm is mounted onto an axis pivoting relative to the supporting arm, and the axis is essentially arranged in the centre of the tension arm or, according to a variant the axis coincides with the rotation axis of the second roller.
According to a further characteristic, the guiding/dérailleur means comprises a deformable parallelogram carrying at its end, immediately downstream of the movable tension plate and in the alignment thereof, a guiding/dérailleur roller mounted freely rotatable, whereby the chain passes over this guiding/dérailleur roller.
An improvement provides that the guiding/dérailleur roller is supported by means for adjusting the translation in the plane of the chain.
Moreover, the guiding/dérailleur roller comprises additional means for lateral guidance such as at least one flange.
In a variant which is particularly advantageous for the fabrication as well as for the user's convenience due to an improvement of the dérailleur quality, connection means interposed between the movable tension plate and the guiding/dérailleur means are provided so as to restrain the tensional stress of the chain and the return stress of the guiding means.
According to a further improvement, the device comprises a crankcase for enveloping at least the rear dérailleur, the pinions, the disks and the chain.
The invention will be described in the following with respect to the enclosed drawings representing an arrangement according but not limited to a preferred embodiment, the different Figures showing:
FIG. 1 a side view of the rear dérailleur according to the invention mounted onto a bicycle comprising a set of pinions into which the dérailleur is inserted,
FIG. 2 a schematic functional view of the dérailleur in a first position depicting a set of disks with the front dérailleur thereof,
FIG. 3 a schematic functional view of the dérailleur identical to the one of FIG. 2 but in a second position,
FIG. 4 a view of a realization variant in which the axis of rotation of the plate coincides with the axis of rotation of a roller,
FIG. 5 a side view of a realization variant with a return spring for parallel movement and common tension in the case of a pivoting arm with two rollers, and
FIG. 6 a view according to a further variant in the case of a movable arm with a single roller.
In FIG. 1, the frame 10 of a bicycle is partially represented with the hub axle 12 equipped with a set 14 of pinions 16, in the present case seven pinions a to q, from the largest to the smallest.
The frame 10 comprises in a known and not limiting manner, two tubes 18 and 20 welded together, these two tubes forming a reception plate 22 of the rear dérailleur according to the invention.
A chain 24 connects the set 14 of rear pinions with the front disks, the chain being symbolized by a dashed line so as to maintain the Figure's necessary clarity.
A control cable of the rear dérailleur has the reference numeral 26 and its sheath 28. The cable issues from a dérailleur control which is not represented since this control is not directly relevant for the present invention.
The dérailleur according to the Invention comprises three essential parts, a base 30 supporting the dérailleur, a deformable guiding/dérailleur parallelogram 32, and a movable tension plate, so as to separate the guiding/dérailleur functions and the tension functions.
The base 30 comprises a body 36 mounted for rotating around an axis 38 and fixed to the reception plate 22 of the frame 10. This body is fetched back in the direction of the arrow 40 by a spring symbolized at 42, i.e. in a direction inverse to that of known types of dérailleurs.
This base 30 is fixed in lateral translation. In this case, it comprises an intermediate plate with adjustment means having stoppers represented by screws in FIG. 1.
On this base is also provided the stopper 44 of sheath 28.
A drive disk 46 mounted freely rotatable around an axis 48 parallel to the pivot axis 38 of the base, receives the cable 26 in its orifice so as to secure a good guidance.
A wing 50 having been manufactured with the base, extends essentially perpendicular to the plane of the base 30, and the wing supports the deformable guiding/dérailleur parallelogram 32.
This parallelogram 32 comprises two arms 52 and 54, a lower and an upper one, articulated, for one, relative to the wing 50 of the base around two axes 56 and 58 and, for another, relative to a guiding piece 60 around two axes 62 and 64. An anchoring means 66 allows the cable 26 to be fixed on the upper arm 54.
The guiding piece 60 hence is translationally movable along a straight line essentially parallel to the generating line of the virtual circular cone formed by the set of pinions due to the deformable parallelogram, which is the case with known dérailleurs.
This guiding piece 60 comprises a guiding/dérailleur roller 68 mounted freely rotatable around an axis 71, which can only be seen in FIGS. 2 and 3.
Preferably, a complementary lateral guiding/dérailleur means, such as a lateral flange 72, is associated with this guiding/dérailleur roller arranged on the same axis 71, so that the plane of the flange is parallel to the plane of the guiding/dérailleur roller.
The unit of the guiding/dérailleur roller 68 and of its flange 72 is translationally adjustable in the plane defined by the chain by means of the active pinion of the set of pinions and by means of the active disk of the set of disks, so that the unit can be disposed as close as possible to the pinions and in particular in the best position for allowing a good dérailleur action.
In the FIGS. 1 and 4, a complementary lateral pression means is provided. In the illustrated embodiment, the complementary lateral pression means is provided as a lateral pression dérailleur flange 73 disposed essentially adjacent flange 72 of the guiding/dérailleur roller 68 such that the chain 24 passes between the flanges 72 and 73 as it rides over the guiding/dérailleur roller 68. The position of flange 73 is translationally-variable along a line connecting the rotation axis 12 with the rotation axis 71 of the roller 68 so as to be as close as possible to the virtual cone constituted by the pinions.
The guiding piece 60 prolongs towards the front of the bicycle by a supporting arm 74.
The end 76 of this arm carries a bearing 78 in which an axis 80 fixedly connected to the plate 34 turns rotatably. A spring 82, represented by dashes, ensures the return in the direction of the arrow 84.
The movable tension plate 34 comprises a tension arm 86, which is the fixed member of the axis 80. The pivot point is essentially the centre of the arm of the embodiment illustrated in FIG. 1. One recognizes that the movable arm 86 has a length reduced relative to the length of the different pieces such as the deformable parallelogram or the supporting arm.
At each of the two ends of this tension arm 86, a tension roller 88, 90, respectively a first and a second tension roller, is arranged mounted freely rotatable.
One recognizes the passage of the chain 24 over the first tension roller 88, under the second tension roller 90, over the guiding/dérailleur roller 68 before guiding flange 72, behind lateral pression flange 73 and under the corresponding pinion of the set 14 of pinions 16.
For the description of the function mode, the chain strands under tension and not under tension of the chain 24 have been marked with the reference numeral 24T, respectively 24M.
For the following description of the function mode of the dérailleur according to the invention, reference is to be made to all of the FIGS. 1, 2 and 3 at the same time.
Of course, only certain disk/pinion pairs are preferably susceptible to maintaining an optimum chain alignment, and that extreme combinations such as: small pinion g and small disk or large pinion a and large disk are preferably excluded for an application of the device according to the invention with the best performance.
In FIG. 2, the chain 24 is on the small disk A of the three disks A, B and C of the set of disks 92 with its front dérailleur carrying the reference numeral 94, and on the fourth pinion d. This position corresponds essentially to the longest chain length to be recuperated, since the retained disk/pinion combination corresponds to the smallest peripheral length among the preferably susceptible combinations.
In this position, the chain strand 24M not under tension is guided by the roller 68, which is put onto the chain 24, since the base 30 is fetched back by the spring 42 in the direction of the arrow 40.
The guiding/dérailleur roller 68 is exactly in the plane of the corresponding pinion d.
The movable plate 34 ensures the tension and the taking up of the length of chain which is not used. For this purpose, the arm 86 has pivoted in the direction of the arrow 84 into its extreme position, the first roller 88 being up and the second roller 90 being down. The chain passage hence follows a substantially serpentine path in the shape of a sharp or pronounced "S"-curve (see FIG. 2, path of chain 24 around rollers 88 and 90), such that the path of the chain around the first and second rollers 88 and 90 is in the shape of the letter "S". With the arm 86 pivoted as described in this paragraph and shown in FIG. 2, the path of the chain around the respective rollers 88 and 90 is as long as possible because the rollers 88 and 90 are positioned to take up the maximum possible amount of chain slack.
One states that there is a large ground clearance as compared to an arrangement according to prior art.
In FIG. 3, due to the front dérailleur, the user has brought the chain onto the disk C having the largest diameter in combination with the same pinion d, which, for the depicted function mode and the retained combinations, corresponds to the shortest chain length to be taken up.
With the chain in this configuration, the tension arm 86, is rotated or pivoted in a direction opposite that produced by the return spring 82, such that the tension arm 86 is then carried into a position in which the pathway of the chain around the first and second rollers 88 and 90 follows a relaxed "S"-curve (see FIG. 3, path of chain 24 around rollers 88 and 90) i.e. the path of the chain around the first and second rollers 88 and 90 follows a serpentine path that loosely resembles a letter "S", but which is a quasi linear. In other words, with the arm 86 pivoted as described in this paragraph and shown in FIG. 3, the path of the chain around the respective rollers 88 and 90 is as short as possible because the rollers 88 and 90 are positioned to take up a minimum amount of chain slack, so the path of the chain through the rollers 88 and 90 is nearly linear or as linear as possible. However, the chain path inevitably still exhibits some S-shaped curvature as a result of being carried over the rollers 88 and 90, which is what is meant by relaxed "S"-curve.
One recognizes that the re-adjustment is calculated for the highest chain consumption and that, in this position, one could say that the dérailleur according to the invention does not produce any unnecessary chain consumption.
With the tension arm 86 pivoted as described in the preceding two Paragraphs, the ground clearance for the rollers 88 and 90 is even more improved than when the tension arm 86 is pivoted into its extreme position in the direction of arrow 84 in FIG. 2 as described above
Moreover, the ground clearance of the rollers 88 and 90 is considerably improved for all positions of the tension arm 86 compared to conventional dérailleur systems because the dérailleur (including tension arm 86 and rollers 88 and 90) is positioned in a space which essentially corresponds to the space required by the disks, whereby the ground clearance cannot be reduced. In other words, the ground clearance for the rollers 88 and 90, in all degrees of rotation of the tension arm 86, is about the same (or at least as good as) that of the disks A, B and C. It is understood by persons of ordinary skill in the dérailleur art that the ground clearance of a component refers to the distance from that component to the ground on which the bicycle is resting or being ridden. Obviously, the greater the around clearance, the lesser the chance of fouling of the component from ground-based debris, or of contacting the ground while maneuvering the bicycle. This means 'improved' ground clearance refers to a greater distance between the component and the ground, whereas decreased ground clearance would mean less distance between the component and the ground.
According to the present invention, it is also possible to provide a variant with a simplification of the arrangement of the return springs.
A return spring is namely generally provided interposed between the two arms 52 and 54 of the deformable parallelogram so as to widen up the parallelogram and to guide the chain of the largest pinion a towards the smallest pinion g, said spring being then compressed by the force exercised by the user via the cable 26. It occurs rather often that the return force is insufficient for securing a free and efficient dérailleur action. Moreover, the force to be exercised on the cable is important, which fact can necessitate additional reductions.
In the case of the present invention, it is also possible to combine the two actions of the return springs of the parallelogram and the movable tension plate for diminishing the respective forces produced while maintaining the capacity of each of them to ensure efficient returns.
Thus,one has connected in FIG. 5, which corresponds to the embodiment of FIG. 1 with the same reference numerals for identical elements, a sector 102 of the roller fixed to the axis 80 supporting the tension arm 86 by means of a cable 100, with one end 104 of the return spring 106 of the deformable parallelogram of the guiding/dérailleur means.
The sector 102 of the roller is so configured that the cable passes over it and ensures a rotation in the direction of the arrow 84 when a traction is exercised on cable 100.
The spring 106 is wound up so as to allow an interaction between the force resulting from the tension of the chain and the force which is necessary for the return of the parallelogram.
The action of the chain tension thus is obtained totally or partially by the reaction of the parallelogram return spring 106. It is namely possible to suppress the return spring 82 or to maintain it in certain cases, however, by modifying its force which has to be very limited.
In the case represented in FIG. 6, the same is true for the winding-up direction near the return spring 106. For obtaining the desired action, one namely has to provide an inverse direction of winding up. This variant corresponds to the embodiment of FIG. 4.
Mounting the base on a rotation axis with a return spring is essentially provided in the main embodiment so as to allow the disassembly of the rear wheel. However, it is also quite possible to provide it fixedly,in particular when the frame only comprises a single arm or means for a disassembly from behind.
It is also possible to configure the position of the rotation axis 80 of the tension plate variable, and in FIG. 4 one recognizes that this axis can assume an extreme position in which said axis 80 coincides with the rotation axis of the second roller 90.
One can also replace the deformable parallelogram indicated in the main embodiment by any suitable means allowing for the replacement of the chain essentially parallel to a generating line of the virtual cone determined by the set of pinions.
The dérailleur according to the invention allows for arranging the entire dérailleur device comprising the two dérailleurs, front and rear, as well as the chain in a sealed case, such as a crankcase 200 (see FIG. 4), which fact prevents the mechanism and the pinions from being affected, and leads to a reduced maintenance, to a higher reliability and to a better performance due to an appropriate and continuous lubrication.
|Cited Patent
|Filing date
|Publication date
|May 18, 1961
|Nov 26, 1963
|Juy Lucien Charles Hippolyte
|Change speed gear mechanism for bicycles and the like vehicles
|Nov 4, 1964
|Jan 23, 1968
|Maeda Tetsuo
|Change speed gear control device for bicycles or the like
|Dec 28, 1970
|Jul 18, 1972
|Jacques Andre Huret
|Gear change for bicycle or like machine
|Feb 14, 1984
|Sep 9, 1986
|Shimano Industrial Company Limited
|Derailleur for a bicycle
|Feb 15, 1985
|Jan 20, 1987
|Kawamura Cycle Co., Ltd.
|Bicycle rear derailleur
|Dec 27, 1996
|May 18, 1999
|Shimano, Inc.
|Rear derailleur with a cable guide roller and a pivoting cable casing support
|Feb 9, 1998
|Aug 3, 1999
|Shimano, Inc.
|Rear deraileur with shock absorber
|Jul 2, 1997
|Oct 24, 2000
|Savard; Franck
|Tension and guiding device of a chain for bicycle change speed gear
|Mar 9, 1992
|Sep 23, 1993
|Fichtel & Sachs Ag
|Rear deflector for bicycle chain on stepped sprocket - has chain guide with roller sliding on spindle and stepped tension roller
|Nov 22, 1994
|Jun 14, 1995
|Vladimir Hetemov
|Method to change the gears of a bicycle and the corresponding gear change mechanism to this operation
|Aug 3, 1995
|Aug 21, 1996
|Franck Savard
|Method for synchronised management of a bicycle gear change and associated device
|Title not available
|Title not available
|Title not available
|Title not available
|Title not available
|Title not available
|Jul 2, 1997
|Jan 15, 1998
|Franck Savard
|Tension and guiding device of a chain for bicycle change speed gear
|Citing Patent
|Filing date
|Publication date
|Oct 29, 2003
|Aug 15, 2006
|Shimano, Inc.
|Rear derailleur with a shock absorber disposed between a base member and a mounting member
|Nov 26, 2003
|Sep 12, 2006
|Shimano Inc.
|Rear derailleur
|Apr 24, 2006
|Apr 24, 2007
|Specialized Bicycle Components, Inc.
|Bicycle rear derailleur guard
|Mar 9, 2010
|Shimano Inc.
|Bicycle rear derailleur
|Sep 25, 2006
|May 25, 2010
|Shimano Inc.
|Bicycle rear derailleur
|Mar 15, 2011
|Shimano Inc.
|Tension device of bicycle derailleur
|Dec 21, 2007
|Aug 30, 2011
|Shimano, Inc.
|Low profile rear derailleur
|Sep 6, 2011
|Shimano, Inc.
|Low profile rear derailleur with cable guide
|Oct 24, 2006
|Sep 27, 2011
|Shimano, Inc.
|Low profile rear derailleur with a chain receiving space
|Feb 28, 2006
|Oct 2, 2012
|Shimano, Inc.
|Low profile rear derailleur
|Apr 14, 2010
|Feb 3, 2015
|Richard J. Kilshaw
|Chain tensioner
|Oct 6, 2010
|Apr 14, 2015
|Zike, Llc
|Jul 26, 2013
|Jan 5, 2016
|Shimano Inc.
|Bicycle derailleur
|Nov 26, 2003
|Jun 3, 2004
|Masashi Nagano
|Rear derailleur
|Oct 29, 2003
|Jun 10, 2004
|Shimano, Inc.
|Rear derailleur with a shock absorber disposed between a base member and a mounting member
|Apr 24, 2006
|Aug 24, 2006
|Chamberlain Jason L
|Bicycle rear derailleur guard
|Dec 28, 2005
|Aug 31, 2006
|Shimano, Inc.
|Bicycle derailleur with a motion limiting structure
|Feb 28, 2006
|Aug 30, 2007
|Shimano Inc.
|Low profile rear derailleur
|Jun 9, 2006
|Aug 30, 2007
|Shimano, Inc.
|Low profile rear derailleur
|May 11, 2007
|Sep 6, 2007
|Shimano, Inc.
|Low profile rear derailleur with cable guide
|Jun 14, 2006
|Jan 3, 2008
|Dell Products L.P.
|Peripheral Component Health Monitoring Apparatus and Method
|Sep 11, 2006
|Mar 13, 2008
|Shimano Inc.
|Bicycle rear derailleur
|Sep 25, 2006
|Apr 3, 2008
|Shimano Inc.
|Bicycle rear derailleur
|Oct 24, 2006
|Apr 24, 2008
|Shimano, Inc.
|Low profile rear derailleur with a chain receiving space
|Dec 21, 2007
|May 1, 2008
|Shimano, Inc.
|Low profile rear derailleur
|Sep 25, 2006
|May 29, 2008
|Shimano Inc.
|Bicycle rear derailleur
|Apr 11, 2008
|Oct 15, 2009
|Shimano Inc.
|Tension device of bicycle derailleur
|Jan 26, 2012
|Shimano, Inc.
|Rear end structure for a bicycle frame
|Oct 6, 2010
|Apr 12, 2012
|Zike Llc.
|Jul 26, 2013
|Jan 29, 2015
|Shimano Inc.
|Bicycle derailleur
|Nov 20, 2013
|Feb 11, 2015
|Bicycle derailleur
|Feb 14, 2007
|Mar 12, 2008
|Shimano Inc.
|Bicycle rear derailleur
|U.S. Classification
|474/82, 474/80, 474/81
|International Classification
|Cooperative Classification
|European Classification
|Jul 14, 2003
Owner name: EGS, S.A., FRANCE
Free format text: ASSIGNMENTS; DECLARATION OF DOMINIQUE FRANCOIS;ASSIGNOR:SAVARD, FRANCK;REEL/FRAME:014260/0572
Effective date: 19980612
|Jul 21, 2003
Owner name: SHIMANO INC., JAPAN
Free format text: RECORD OF THE ADJUDICATION OF THE PATENT SPECIFICATIONS AND APPLICATIONS OF THE CORPORATION "EGS", DECLARATION OF DOMINIQUE FRANCOIS;ASSIGNOR:EGS, S.A.;REEL/FRAME:014290/0561
Effective date: 20000711
|Jul 19, 2005
|Certificate of correction
|Feb 21, 2008
|Fee payment
Year of fee payment: 4
|Feb 22, 2012
|Fee payment
Year of fee payment: 8
|Apr 29, 2016
|Maintenance fee reminder mailed


text:
Joule thief
This article has multiple issues. Please help improve it or discuss these issues on the talk page. (Learn how and when to remove these template messages)(Learn how and when to remove this template message)
A joule thief is a minimalist Armstrong[1] self-oscillating voltage booster that is small, low-cost, and easy to build, typically used for driving light loads.
It can use nearly all of the energy in a single-cell electric battery, even far below the voltage where other circuits consider the battery fully discharged (or "dead"); hence the name, which suggests the notion that the circuit is stealing energy or "joules" from the source. The term is a pun on the expression "jewel thief": one who steals jewelry or gemstones.
The circuit is a variant of the blocking oscillator that forms an unregulated voltage boost converter. The output voltage is increased at the expense of higher current draw on the input, but the integrated (average) current of the output is lowered and brightness of a luminescence decreased.
In the November 1999 issue of Everyday Practical Electronics (EPE) magazine, the "Ingenuity Unlimited" (reader ideas) section had a novel circuit idea entitled "One Volt LED - A Bright Light" by Z. Kaparnik from Swindon, Wilts, UK. Three example circuits were shown for operating LEDs from supply voltages below 1.5 Volts. The basic circuits consisted of a transformer-feedback ZTX450 NPN transistor voltage converter based on the blocking oscillator, which originally used a vacuum tube / thermionic valve and dates prior to World War II.[2]
The name "Joule Thief" was coined by Clive Mitchell[3][4] and given to his variant of Kaparnik's circuit which consisted of a single cell, a single BC549 NPN transistor, a coil with two windings, a single resistor (typically 1000 ohms), and a single white LED. Clive originally named the circuit "Vampire Torch", because it sucked the last remnants of life from a battery.
Mitchell's newer circuit is essentially the same as Kaparnik's older circuit, except for component values.
- The Kaparnik schematic showed a resistor value of 10K though he stated that lower resistance, such as 2K, would produce higher currents; where as Mitchell's schematic showed only a 1K resistor in his schematic.
- Kaparnik stated that an NPN transistor with lower Vce(sat) yielded better results. He tested three transistors: ZTX450 at 73% efficiency, ZTX650 at 79% efficiency, BC550 at 57% efficiency. Mitchell showed only the BC549 in his schematic.
Note: A capacitor connected to the base and across the battery have been added. If using a third inductor it may also increase voltage. Travis b. Moore made an odd joule thief circuit using this configuration running a npn transistor and tip 31 like transistor in a darlington pair using a single AAA cell. The 1200uf cap was placed across the battery and a 10pf cap to the base. A third inductor from a power supply was added to increase voltage. Then another joule thief built with a single transistor was about 80% efficient to 90%.[5][6]
Description of operation[edit]
The circuit works by rapidly switching the transistor. Initially, current begins to flow through the resistor, secondary winding and base-emitter junction (see diagram) which causes the transistor to begin conducting collector current through the primary winding. Since the two windings are connected in opposing directions, this induces a voltage in the secondary winding which is positive (due to the winding polarity, see dot convention) which turns the transistor on with higher bias. This self-stroking/positive-feedback process almost instantly turns the transistor on as hard as possible (putting it in the saturation region), making the collector-emitter path look like essentially a closed switch (since VCE will be only about 0.1 volts, assuming that the base current is high enough). With the primary winding effectively across the battery, the current increases at a rate proportional to the supply voltage divided by the inductance. Transistor switch-off takes place by different mechanisms dependent upon supply voltage.
At lower supply voltages a different mode of operation takes over: the gain of a transistor is not linear with VCE. At low supply voltages (typically 0.75 V and below) the transistor requires a larger base current to maintain saturation as the collector current increases. Hence, when it reaches a critical collector current, the base drive available becomes insufficient and the transistor starts to pinch off and the previously described positive feedback action occurs turning it hard off.
To summarize, once the current in the coils stops increasing for any reason, the transistor goes into the cutoff region (and opens the collector-emitter "switch"). The magnetic field collapses, inducing however much voltage is necessary to make the load conduct, or for the secondary-winding current to find some other path.
When the field is back to zero, the whole sequence repeats; with the battery ramping-up the primary-winding current until the transistor switches on.
If the load on the circuit is very small the rate of rise and ultimate voltage at the collector is limited only by stray capacitances, and may rise to more than 100 times the supply voltage. For this reason, it is imperative that a load is always connected so that the transistor is not damaged. Because VCE is mirrored back to the secondary, failure of the transistor due to a small load will occur through the reverse VBE limit for the transistor being exceeded (this occurs at a much lower value than VCEmax).
The transistor dissipates very little energy, even at high oscillating frequencies, because it spends most of its time in the fully on or fully off state, so either voltage over or current through the transistor is zero, thus minimizing the switching losses.
The switching frequency in the example circuit opposite is about 50 kHz. The light-emitting diode will blink at this rate, but the persistence of the human eye means that the blinking will not be noticed.[3]
Regulated voltage[edit]
When a more constant output voltage is desired, the Joule Thief can be given a closed-loop control. In the example circuit, the Schottky diode D1 blocks the charge built up on capacitor C1 from flowing back to the switching transistor Q1 when it is turned on. A 5.6 Volt Zener diode D2 and transistor Q2 forms the feedback control: when the voltage across the capacitor C1 is higher than the threshold voltage formed by Zener voltage of D1 plus the base-emitter turn-on voltage of transistor Q2, transistor Q2 is turned on diverting the base current of the switching transistor Q1, impeding the oscillation and prevents the voltage across capacitor C1 from rising even further. When the voltage across C1 drops below the threshold voltage Q2 turns off, allowing the oscillation to happen again. If the load requires even lower ripple, in this example some delicate digital circuitry like a microcontroller, a linear regulator can be used after this to smooth the ripple out.
Prior art[edit]
In 1988, US Patent 4,734,658[7] describes a low voltage driven oscillator circuit, capable of operating from as little as 0.1 volts. This is a far lower voltage than that at which the joule thief will operate. This is achieved by using a JFET, which does not require the forward biasing of a PN junction for its operation, because it is used in the depletion mode. In other words, the drain–source already conducts, even when no bias voltage is applied. The '658 patent is intended for use with thermoelectric power sources, which are inherently low voltage devices.
See also[edit]
- ^ "Fun Examples for Teaching Linear and Nonlinear Circuits", Circuits and Systems (ISCAS), 2013 IEEE International Symposium on, 19–23 May 2013, p2557 - 2560
- ^ Everday Practical Electronics; November 1999.
- ^ a b c "Make a joule thief", www.bigclive.com, retrieved 28 June 2013
- ^ Clive's YouTube channel.
- ^ http://rustybolt.info/wordpress/wp-content/uploads/2011/12/JT-ConvSuperchgd2-172x300.gif
- ^ http://rustybolt.info/wordpress/?p=221
- ^ google.com/patents: "Low Voltage Driven Oscillator Circuit", retrieved 20 March 2012, filed 14 aug 1987
External links[edit]
- Simulations and implementations
- Joule Thief Simulation
- Simulation and efficiency comparison of different Joule Thief versions (Polish)
- Supercharged Joule Thief Has High Efficiency
- Joule Thief - Modified Version
- Video
- Clive Mitchell (bigclivedotcom on Youtube) on making his original Joule thief
- Video make joule thief (French)
- Patents
- US4734658, Google patents listing for JFET version of Joule Thief
- espacenet.com: CA1303154 - Low voltage driven oscillator circuit, priority date 1987-08-14
- Other

subset: commoncrawl


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Best place to put a speaker: Sonos head of design gives us tips and tricks of the tradePocket-lint
Sonos has a mission to fill every home with music, as well as to give you the ultimate home music experience.
To do this, you not only need to have great speakers, but you also have to have the best possible set-up for them with the best possible objects for the sound waves to reflect off and be absorbed into.
Whether you have Sonos speakers, or others, this feature is set to help you get the best out of them by analysing their surroundings. We sat down with Sonos's lead designer, Mieko Kusano, who gave us a few tips and tricks to help you create a space that will enable you to listen to music the way it was meant to be heard.
Analyse the shape and size of your room
Unless you happen to be an architect, there is pretty much nothing you can do to change the shape and size of your room, but there are a couple of things you can do to help get the best acoustics without rebuilding your house.
First of all, you need to find out how the room handles sound waves. If it echoes, it could be down to a number of reflective surfaces and objects, such as concrete floors or lots of windows.
The opposite of course is dead space, where you may have carpet and a lot of soft furnishings absorbing the sound.
Improving live and dead spaces
To improve a live space, add in some materials that will absorb the sound, such as rugs and soft furnishings or dress up your windows with floor to ceiling drapes.
Wool, cotton, glass fibre and polyfill stuffing in furniture and stuffed animals (if you are into fake animals in your living rooms), are said to be the best materials for reducing echo. You could also fill the room with people to soften the space - sounds like an opportunity for a party to us.
If you have a dead space room with minimal reflective surfaces, you could try putting in a big table or a glass ornament to get a better sound experience.
Must-have objects to better your sound acoustics
It is best to try to avoid large uncovered wooden objects, larger areas of glass, concrete flooring and loose hanging light fixtures if you are trying to improve the acoustics in your room, but there are also some must-have objects you can introduce to help.
Hanging a framed fabric wall art will not only add a bit of artistic flair to your wall (depending on your selection), but it will also act as a sound wave absorber, as long as you don't add a glass front of course.
Bookcases are a key accessory to achieving an awesome sound, with books on them. The shape and structure helps break up the sound while the books absorb the sound waves and prevent echo.
Floor to ceiling curtains will help add a mood to your room as well as cover hard, reflective surfaces to balance the sound. Floor to ceiling is key here though, otherwise the bare wall will become a more concentrated area reflecting the sound waves and distorting the sound.
A large sofa made from thin material is one of the most effective objects you can include in a room to create a balanced sound. It not only breaks up the sound, but it also softens it and can reduce echo, plus it gives you somewhere to sit.
If your room has a high ratio of hard surfaces such as wooden or concrete floors then a rug or a couple of rugs will act as a great absorbent surface to reduce reflection.
Find the vibrations and eliminate them
If you hear any buzzes or rattles such as lamps, vases or ornaments that you've put on a hard surface, then putting felt pads underneath them will help.
Felt pads aren't too expensive and putting them between the bottom of the rattling object and the surface will help get rid of unwanted noises that interfere with that Adele track you are trying to listen to.
Consider the music experience you want to achieve
The room size will determine the power you will need from your speakers, but you should consider how you want to experience your music.
For example, if you are in the kitchen, you will more than likely be standing up and therefore the speaker should be placed on a counter top to enable it to be as close to your ear as possible.
If you are in the living room, there is a good chance you will be sitting down and therefore the speaker should be placed lower down.
Bring your speakers to the front
When your speakers are off, they are still an object in the room and luckily the majority of speakers available on the market are aesthetically pleasing so you don't need to hide them away.
You can check out the gallery and play 'spot the Sonos' or find inspiration on where to place your speakers so they don't stick out like a sore thumb in your house.
Not having to hide them away will also help acoustically. If you put them in confined spaces or cubby holes it will affect the sound the speakers produce because of the immediate reflection of the sound waves emitted. That said, the Sonos Trueplay tuning software should help if you have Sonos speakers and you want to hide them in a cupboard. You can read more about Trueplay in our separate feature.
The closer to the wall you place the speaker, the more bass you will receive, which in turn means if you bring them forward, you will achieve less bass. Around 10cm from the wall is recommended to get the best sound.
Double up to get the best from your speakers
Of course two speakers will be better than one if you can stretch the budget to accommodate and adding in a subwoofer to the mix will also help for boosting the bass, but that's probably a given.
What you might not know is popping the subwoofer in the corner of the room is the best place to influence the "standing waves" or "room modes" within the room to create the most bass.
You could of course pay thousands to get a professional to come and acoustically design your house for you, but it's worth giving these few tips a go first to see if they make any improvements.
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A Southwest Airlines flight from Minneapolis to Denver was diverted to Iowa on Sunday afternoon after a warning light indicated a potential issue with a power source within the plane, a spokeswoman said.
Flight 3809 left Minneapolis-St. Paul International Airport at 1:11 p.m. carrying 143 passengers and five crew members, said Southwest spokeswoman Michelle Agnew.
The power indicator light flashed on while the plane was in flight, and the pilot opted to fly to Sioux City as a precaution, she added.
There, a replacement plane was flown in from Chicago, and Flight 3809 eventually landed in Denver about 8 p.m., or about five hours later than originally scheduled, Agnew said.
She said that planes have multiple power sources and that the one in question powered such things as coffee pots and lights within the cabin. Backup power sources are available, she added.
As of 9 p.m., Agnew said, the original aircraft still was being checked by mechanics in Sioux City.
Anthony Lonetree
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By the camp fire...
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Re: By the camp fire...
In reply to Daedalus2000 • Nov 15, 2012
Thanks for your comments, I'm pretty sure they were all at f/1.4. It seems the estimated aperture values becomes very unreliable in this situation
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"We are pleased to close on Fund V and are extremely appreciative of the continued support of our limited partners," said Marc Leder, co-founder of Sun Capital. "We welcome our new investors to our family of limited partners and are enthusiastic about the investment opportunities for Fund V." Douglas Gessner, a partner at Kirkland & Ellis, served as the legal advisor to Fund V.
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Mother and her seven children jailed for 15 years in Egypt after converting back to Christianity from Islam
- Nadia Mohamed Ali and seven children jailed after converting to Christianity
- Sentenced to 15 years in jail at a criminal court in Beni Suef, central Egypt
- Seven others involved in the case sentenced to five years in jail
Nadia Mohamed Ali and her seven children have been jailed for 15 years in Egypt after converting back to Christianity from Islam
A mother and her seven children have been jailed for 15 years for converting back to Christianity from Islam in Egypt.
Nadia Mohamed Ali was raised a Christian but converted to Islam 23 years ago when she married Mohamed Abdel-Wahhab Mustafa.
Following his death, she planned to convert back to her original faith, along with the rest of her family.
But a criminal court in Beni Suef, in central Egypt, sentenced them to jail for 15 years last week, according to reports.
Seven other people, who were involved in the case, were also sentenced to five years in jail.
Human rights advocates have now warned the sentence is a sign of things to come in Egypt under the Islamist government, according to Fox News.
The conversion came to light after the family attempted to get new identity cards in 2004.
According to Sky News, one of her children was arrested two years later and confessed the documents had been changed illegally when police noticed he had changed his name and became suspicious.
Nadia, her children and the clerks who processed the identity cards were subsequently arrested and charged.
Christians in the country have said they face difficulties if they have converted to Islam and wish to switch back, leading some to forge the documents, which could land them in jail.
Samuel Tadros, a research fellow at Hudson Institute's Center for Religious Freedom, has said while similar conversions had been common, the new Sharia-based constitution in Egypt was 'a real disaster' for religious freedom, according to Fox News.
He said: 'The cases will increase in the future.
'It will be much harder for people to return to Christianity.'
The constitution was pushed through last year by President Mohamed Morsi, who succeeded Hosni Mubarak following an election last June.
Secular and liberal groups, as well as Coptic Christians, opposed the constitution and protested against it at the time it was passed.
Human rights advocates have warned the sentence is a sign of things to come under the new constitution brought in by President Mohamed Morsi
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text:
Relevant offers
Facebook briefly broke parts of the internet on Friday with users unable to access websites.
It appears the Facebook plugins found on thousands of web pages, which allow people to share or recommend articles, for example, were faulty.
Those visiting websites including Fairfax news sites, BuzzFeed, The Huffington Post, The Washington Post, CNN and more were instead directed to a Facebook error page with a message saying "An error occurred. Please try again later".
The problem appears to be fixed now, although Facebook has only offered a cryptic comment about what happened.
"For a short period of time, there was a bug that redirected people logging in with Facebook from third party sites to Facebook.com. The issue was quickly resolved, and Login with Facebook is now working as usual."
The issue highlights the dangers of relying on other sites for core functions; many sites even use Facebook Connect whereby instead of creating a new user account users can simply log in with their Facebook details.
- Sydney Morning Herald
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The privacy loopholes of work devices
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Pokemon Go beat porn at its height of popularity, but is the hype over?
Apple's technological lag is starting to show
Tech billionaires Zuckerberg, Bezos and co surge up wealth ranks
2degrees resolves main network issues amid outage
Internet services can do more to protect customers from fraud
Your wireless keyboard could be giving your secrets away
YouTube star PewDiePie's firm rakes in $11.3m profit
#SaveMarinaGrace: Convoluted conspiracy about British YouTuber includes Isis, domestic abuse, and Harambe
How to turn your TV into a computer
1 dead and 3 hospitalised in shooting in Austin, Texas
Doug Healey: The man who learned to walk again
New Zealander charged over fatal Melbourne death
Naz's exciting new relationship
Children in group trapped in hut at Kahurangi National Park near Nelson
Skydiver Luke Aikins successfully lands without parachute
Carpentry tutor nails The Block NZ's health and safety attitude
Live: Black Caps v Zimbabwe - first test, day four
Recap: Harry Potter and the Cursed Child (spoiler)
David Bowie's childhood demons
Irishman Ivan Scott gunning for Kiwi Dion King's world shearing record
1 dead and 3 hospitalised in shooting in Austin, Texas
Chinese police seize nearly 400 baby crocodiles
Zimbabwe delay the inevitable as Black Caps made to wait for victory
Hit-and-run driver swerved at pedestrian in Auckland, police say
Lions roar into Super Rugby final by ending Highlanders' reign
Why escorts don't wear pink nail polish, according to Samantha X
Hamilton 'sugar baby' charged with blackmail after meeting man online
Huge fire at Invercargill farm machinery business
Carpentry tutor nails The Block NZ's health and safety attitude
Small business owners win $2m victory over Rich List hotel family
Dear Mrs Salisbury: I fear my wife is having an affair
Bloody marvellous! John Campbell and Morning Report lead RNZ to a ratings resurgence
US authorities rejected call to tighten hot air balloon industry before fatal crash
Hurricanes roar into home Super Rugby final against the Lions


text:
[Talib Kweli]
Yo you sent out the signal right?
And this is what happened
The voice of Hip Hop got heard
Never comprimised this is how we put it down c'mon
[Kool G Rap]
Throughout my thug life I've seen the most trife
Like ??? fighting over the roll of dice
Flashing whole lights when killas on a hiest
So contight, get poltergiested over the bowl of Christ
Who pulled the slice from cats aiming gats at shoulder height
Told you right, G be the one that come and hold the mic
And aim it at the whole vice squad that's out patrolling nights
Rollin like every prototype was Dolomite
One man be cold as ice inside his gun hand he holds for life
Hip Hop for Respect was a 2000 project which released one EP for Rawkus Records. It was organized by Mos Def and Talib Kweli to speak out against police brutality in general, and the case of Amadou Diallo in particular.
This was the lead single.
This song is actually called "One Four Love Pt. 1". "Hip Hop For Respect" is the name of the EP.


text:
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Tori Spelling is an actress whose career spans theatre, television, and film. She's received critical praise for her work in such independent films as Trick and The House of Yes. --This text refers to the Paperback edition.
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text:
Kids in Erith got a chance to meet some furry friends at the weekend (August 9).
Erith Riverside Shopping Centre hosted a pet fun day with various stalls offering advice and guidance on caring for animals as well as a free petting zoo.
Snowy the Albino rabbit was one of the main attractions but his floppy-eared colleagues also proved extremely popular.
The shopping centre's manager Barry Owen said: "We had a great turn out on Saturday and it was lovely to see all of the shoppers enjoy the petting farm and the stalls that were on offer.
"It can be difficult to keep the kids entertained over the summer holidays without breaking the bank which is why we aim to host events such as these to keep the whole family entertained."
- UPDATE: Two arrests after 15-year-old girl gang-raped in Bromley park
- JAILED: Lidl cashier who let customers through without paying for everything
- Traffic through New Cross after gas leak sparks emergency repairs
- 'Bigoted and xenophobic': Councillors at war following 'vile' and 'hateful' protest in Sidcup
- Travellers pitch up on empty Ikea site in north Greenwich


text:
Medical Marijuana Group Starts In Texas, We Think
Our sister blog, Toke of the Town -- the number one site for all weed-related news on the net -- reported yesterday on the founding of a new group seeking to make medical marijuana legit in Texas.
Lots luck with that, fellas.
There's an official press release from Texas Medicinal Marijuana Advocates Group, but the opening paragraph sounds like it was written by someone who was....wait for it.....not very good at English. (What did you think we were going to say?)
With the state of Texas recognizing Medicinal Marijuana Advocates Group (MMAG) as a non-profit, the fight to bring medical marijuana legislation to Texas' constitution grows closer to being a reality. MMAG, a recently founded organization advocating peaceful protest for pharmaceutical research, joined the movement with full force, absent of hesitation to act, from Alexander Young, president and founder of the group. The goal was clear and the level of motivation and passion in the executive board members flared, quickly attracting supporters.
We have no idea what that all means, on many levels. Except that Babelfish is still on the web, translating from the original Esperanto.
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We tried calling the number for the PR guy, but it was no longer in service.
So all we're saying is, don't expect to have legal medical marijuana in Texas by, like, next month or something.
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Crucial Lens/Accessories for First Trip With NEX-6 (Costa Rica)
Started Jan 25, 2013 | Discussions thread
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Richie Beans • Regular Member • Posts: 278
Re: Crucial Lens/Accessories for First Trip With NEX-6 (Costa Rica)
In reply to Speezy • Jan 26, 2013
Better think about security for all of that gear. If nothing else, have a plan for your images after they're taken: Downloaded to hard drive? Uploaded to the cloud? What will you do if all your gear gets stolen? Consider the following option: steal-proof photobags with integrated steel mesh straps...
Richie Beans's gear list:Richie Beans's gear list
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20% off sitewide. Don't keep your cart waiting. Use SCREAM20
pollution yadayada climate change yadayada environment yadayada
a collage by long-time IWML associate M Blackwell. scissors and glue, august 2011.
surreal environment collage scissors glue kick arse
I like to go up to Dandenongs and buy old paintings from the squillion op shops up there and "re invent" tnem.Like this
yeah, i've always liked that one! nice.
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text:
mobile ui designer jobs
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Product Designer, Mobile
Evernote - Redwood City, CA
As a Product Designer on our mobile team, you'll lead the overall experience across our Android product, evolving existing features, and helping to define new...
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The Control Group - San Diego, CA
We are seeking a highly skilled UI Designer to work with our Product, Design and UX teams to. The UI Designer must have an understanding of customer needs and...
Product App & Web UX/UI Designer
RageOn! - Cleveland, OH
We're seeking a Product UX / UI Designer with experience in designing mobile and web. Solid portfolio with mobile and web-based projects....
Lead eCommerce UI/UX Developer
Simon Property Group - Indianapolis, IN
Develop creative as well as compelling visual designs by working closely with web and mobile designers and developers to ensure positive user experiences that...
UI/UX Designer
No-IP - Reno, NV
3 years of UI/UX design experience specific to web and mobile applications. We are looking for a UI/UX Designer who is motivated to combine their programming...
Product Designer (UI Focus)
PayPal - San Jose, CA
PayPal Product Designers are at the heart of that future. 5-8 years of related work experience, preferably in the online and/or mobile space....
UI Designer
PhotoShelter - New York, NY
Experience with mobile UI design a plus; We're looking for a UI designer to join a growing team of creative, passionate folks....
Lead UX/UI Designer
JPPA - Jackson Perkins - Park Seed - Greenville, SC
Lead UI/UX Designer*. Mobile APP development experience a plus. Minimum 3 years of UI/UX experience leveraging a variety of technologies for all screens...
UX/UI Digital Designer
AINS - Gaithersburg, MD
The Designer will have direct impact on the next generation of case management software solutions that span government and commercial markets.The UX/UI Digital...
Senior UX/UI Designer
Incode Technologies - Remote
6+ years' experience designing desktop and mobile apps. One of the most important responsibilities is to recruit, mentor and retain great designers....


text:
Tech Thursday: 15% off 1+ Yards of Sport Lycra, Performance Knit & Performance Pique Fabrics Through 11:59 P.M. EDT July 28th.
Preview scale: 8.0 x 8.0 inches

Change DPI Base size is 150
Collection: Doll Parties 2 Fabric Designs Collection
girls (3314),
toys (748),
ornaments (721),
decorations (208),
cut and sew doll (137),
parties (89),
doll pattern (85)
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to add a comment.
lworiginals says:
Hawk Family Group Cut and Sew Kit and Handmade Ornaments Sets by Linda Walsh
lworiginals uploaded a project image link for
lworiginals's design
Penelope Pinhead Hawk Cut and Sew Doll Ornament :
Posted about 1 year ago.
© 2008-2015 Spoonflower Inc


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Follow us
Information service of the Pontifical Mission Societies since 1927
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Acta of the Holy See
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21 July 2016
AMERICA/MEXICO - The creation of a new educational model cannot only be left only to specialists
Chiapas (Agenzia Fides) - "We are convinced that an integral educational reform is necessary" reiterated the Bishop of San Cristobal de las Casas, His Exc. Mgr. Felipe Arizmendi Esquivel, highlighting that this involves, among oth ...
21 July 2016
AFRICA/RWANDA - A new intervention in favor of women and children against malnutrition
Muyanza (Agenzia Fides) - A multisectoral project to support maternity and childhood started on July 1. It is a new intervention of the Fighting World Hunger Movement in the medical-health and nutrition field, to support women and ...
21 July 2016
ASIA/SYRIA - Arrest warrants for three suspects for the kidnapping of the Syrian nuns in Maalula
Beirut (Agenzia Fides) - The Lebanese military prosecutor, Fadi Sawan, on Wednesday, July 20 issued an arrest warrant against three Syrians suspected of having participated in the kidnapping of the Sisters of the Syrian monastery ...
21 July 2016
AMERICA/UNITED STATES - Child victims of abuse caused by the growing insecurity of families are increasing
Austin (Agenzia Fides) - According to experts, poverty is a major factor for the increase in cases of child abuse that continue to be registered in Travis County, Texas. Doctors at the Dell Children's Medical Center said that ever ...
20 July 2016
ASIA/YEMEN - A photo of the Salesian kidnapped in Aden "posted" on his Facebook account. Bishop Hinder: I think he is still alive
Aden (Agenzia Fides) - "We have no further news, and today, with technical means available, everything is possible in this field. But the photo may be authentic. There are those who, however believe that father Tom is still alive. ...
20 July 2016
AMERICA/HONDURAS - Educating children to moral values through music
El Progreso (Agenzia Fides) - With the aim of bringing music to children and educating them on humanitarian values such as respect, tolerance and peace, the project "Discovering my artistic abilities" has just been launched in El ...
20 July 2016
AFRICA/ANGOLA - The family in Africa today and tomorrow, in the light of the Gospel
AFRICA/ANGOLA – The family in Africa today and tomorrow, in the light of the Gospel Luanda (Agenzia Fides) – A solemn celebration of the Eucharist in the parish dedicated to the Holy Family in Luanda, capital of Angola ...
20 July 2016
AFRICA/NIGERIA - Acute malnutrition for 240,000 children for the humanitarian crisis caused by Boko Haram
Abuja (Agenzia Fides) - Because of the worsening of the humanitarian situation, due to the conflict with Boko Haram, over 240,000 children are suffering from acute malnutrition in addition to a high risk of death in Borno State, n ...
20 July 2016
ASIA/HOLY LAND - The Order of the Holy Sepulchre inaugurates its new Web site
Vatican City (Agenzia Fides) - The initiatives and projects implemented and supported especially in Holy Land by the Equestrian Order of the Holy Sepulchre will have from now on a new instrument in order to be known throughout the ...
20 July 2016
AMERICA/COLOMBIA - Contribution of the radio in building peace
Bogota (Agenzia Fides) – In order to reach forgiveness, reconciliation and peace among Colombians it is first necessary to know the roots and the reasons of the armed conflict experienced in the country. In this process the role ...
19 July 2016
AFRICA/EGYPT - Still delays for the approval of the law on the construction of churches
Cairo (Agenzia Fides) - The start of parliamentary debate on the new Egyptian law that should regulate the construction of churches and places of worship had been announced for the end of May, but almost two months later, the text ...
19 July 2016
ASIA/IRAQ - Barzani seeks the support of Christians on the independence of Iraqi Kurdistan
Erbil (Agenzia Fides) - A referendum on the future to establish the full independence of Iraqi Kurdistan and the assurance that Christians will return to live as "owners" in the villages of the Nineveh Plain conquered by militiame ...
19 July 2016
AMERICA/BRAZIL - Missionary Childhood and Adolescence in schools: formation of animators
Brasilia (Agenzia Fides) - "Missionary Childhood and Adolescence (IAM) in schools" is the theme of the third missionary formation Week which will take place from July 25 to 29 in Brasilia, at the headquarters of the Missionary Cul ...
19 July 2016
AMERICA/VENEZUELA - Children faint at school due to hunger
Caracas (Agenzia Fides) - In José María Velaz college, in the west of Caracas, several cases of malnutrition have been registered following the fainting of some pupils, at least one a day, as a result of the great difficulties o ...
19 July 2016
ASIA/CHINA - The "Marathon of God's Word" began in the parish of Bei Tang
Shi Jia Zhuang (Agenzia Fides) - "One does not live by bread alone, but by every word that comes forth from the mouth of God" (Mt 4,4): with this motto, on July 17, the "Marathon of God's Word" began. The initiative, which will ...
Total articles: 30442 - Page 4 of 4
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text:
India's newest HD news channel, Puthiya Thalaimurai, which launched in August has climbed to the top of its market, according to AC Nielsen.
The independent news channel has built its following in in the Indian state of Tamil Nadu by offering viewers objective coverage of news, said news director S. Srinivasan. The channel strips political bias or opinion from its coverage, which has great appeal to viewers, Srinivasan added.
"Before we launched back in August, there were other stations in Tamil Nadu providing news, so we had to ensure we had a competitive edge which would establish us quickly and maintain a leading position in the market," he said. "Puthiya Thalaimurai is unique in providing live, back-to-back news which is reporter-led and maintains a free editorial policy."
With a 2011 launch, it was inconceivable to be broadcasting in anything other than full HD and with a live website full of fresh video content, he added.
The station's newsroom relies on a combination of technology for news production, include the Quantel Enterprise sQ system, AP's ENPS and Omnibus automation. Together the systems offer a fast turnaround of live events. The Quantel system, based on a single sQ 400 server delivers content 24/7 in full HD to the television audience as well as to the station's website.
Comic-Con: AMC Unveils 'Walking Dead' Season 7 Premiere Date, Trailer
Fans Binge on the Third Season of Netflix's 'BoJack Horseman'
Washington State Utility Commission Has BDS Issues With FCC
Lionsgate Director to Retire
'The Walking Dead' To Return Oct. 23
Nearly 30 Million Viewers Tune Into Republican Convention Finale
Staff Writer – Music Week
German pay-TV revenue to hit €3 billion in 2016
Live HD and VR streaming for iPhones
Lance Acord Directs Spots for YouTube Music
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All the World's a Stage: But Let's Make It Look Like a Movie


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San Francisco - In this tech-savvy city teeming with commuters and tourists, the cellphone has become a top target of robbers who use stealth, force and even guns.
Nearly half of all robberies in San Francisco this year are cellphone-related, police say, and most occur on bustling transit lines.
One thief recently snatched a smartphone while sitting right behind his unsuspecting victim and darted out the rear of a bus in mere seconds.
Another robber grabbed an iPhone from an oblivious bus rider - while she was still talking.
And, in nearby Oakland, City Council candidate Dan Kalb was robbed at gunpoint of his iPhone Wednesday after he attended a neighborhood anti-crime meeting.
"I thought he was going to shoot me," recalled Kalb, who dropped his phone during the stickup. "He kept saying, 'Find the phone! Find the phone!"'
These brazen incidents are part of a ubiquitous coast-to-coast crime wave. New York City police report that more than 40 percent of all robberies now involve cellphones. Thefts of cellphones in Los Angeles - more than a quarter of all the city's robberies - are up 27 percent from this time a year ago, police said.
"This is your modern-day purse snatching," said longtime San Francisco Police Capt. Joe Garrity, who began noticing the trend here about two years ago. "A lot of younger folks seem to put their entire lives on these things that don't come cheap."
Thefts of cellphones - particularly the expensive do-it-all smartphones containing everything from photos and music to emails and bank statements - are costing consumers millions and sending law enforcement and wireless carriers nationwide scrambling for solutions.
In San Francisco, police have gone undercover and launched a transit ad campaign, warning folks to "be smart with your smartphone." Similar warnings went out in Oakland, where there have been 1,300 cellphone robberies this year.
When Apple's ballyhooed iPhone 5 went on sale last month, New York City police encouraged buyers to register their phone's serial numbers with the department. That came just months after a 26-year-old chef at the Museum of Modern Art was killed for his iPhone while heading home to the Bronx.
In St. Louis, city leaders proposed an ambitious ordinance requiring anyone who resells cellphones to collect detailed information including the seller's names, addresses, a copy of their driver's licenses - even their thumbprints.
Though some experts put annual cellphone losses in the billions of dollars, there is no precise figure on how many are stolen each year. But the problem has become so visible that it has caught the attention of lawmakers seeking to take the profit out of cellphone theft.
In April, U.S. Sen. Charles Schumer, D-N.Y., and New York City Police Commissioner Ray Kelly announced that the major carriers and the Federal Communications Commission have agreed to set up a national database to track stolen phones - scheduled for late 2013.
Schumer also introduced the Mobile Device Theft Deterrence Act, which proposes a five-year prison sentence for tampering with the ID numbers of a cellphone.
The Cellular Telecommunications Industry Association said carriers are expected to launch databases later this month to permanently disable a stolen cellphone.
Previously, U.S. carriers have only been able to disable so-called SIM cards, which can be swapped in and out of phones. That's led to a profitable black market for stolen phones.
Chris Guttman-McCabe, CTIA's vice president of regulatory affairs, said the goal of creating theft databases is to render stolen cellphones worthless.
"We want to dry up the aftermarket," Guttman-McCabe said. "Hopefully, there will be no sense in stealing a phone and a once valuable piece of hardware will essentially turn into useless metal."
Right now, the incentive is to steal and that's creating huge losses, said Kevin Mahaffey, a co-founder of Lookout, a San Francisco-based mobile security firm which has advised carriers about the national database.
"Thieves know that carrying a smartphone is like carrying $500 in your hands," said Mahaffey. His company estimates that stolen and lost cellphones could cost American consumers more than $30 billion this year.
Many cities with highest rates of stolen and lost phones also rank among the FBI's listing of U.S. cities with the highest crime rates, including Cleveland, Detroit, Oakland and Newark, N.J., Mahaffey said.
Meanwhile, cellphone thefts and police response continue at a frenzied pace.
In Chicago, two men each were charged with armed robbery last week after stealing an iPhone from a teen.
In Oakland, nearly three dozen people were recently arrested during a sweep for allegedly stealing smartphones. On Tuesday, police arrested 15-year-old boy who allegedly swiped a woman's iPhone near Oakland's City Hall and sold it in downtown San Francisco for $200 to buy marijuana.
"It's a quick crime of opportunity, a snatch and grab, either by foot or on bike," Officer Johnna Watson, an Oakland police spokeswoman, said. "The thieves are gone in an instant."
Norwich man charged with fraudulently collecting unemployment compensation
Lyme man killed in East Haddam crash was to begin serving 10-year prison sentence
UPDATED: Foxwoods names architect for Biloxi, Miss., casino project
Bill O'Reilly: Slaves that built White House were 'well-fed'
Appellate Court rules against Waterford commission in Kobyluck Bros. rock-crushing case
City to review summer camp protocol after boy, 7, found dead
Grant would update guide rails, signage on Ledyard road with high number of accidents
Casey & The Sports Doctor: Caroline Taber, rules changes, Matt Harvey
Casey and The Sports Doctor with Jim Buonocore on schools of choice
Waterford fabricator, national barbecue champion team up to design and manufacture pits


text:
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couple quations about FZ200
Started Aug 28, 2012 | Discussions thread
Shop cameras & lenses ▾
leerob wrote:
How do you set FZ200 to shoot raw and JPG?
See the manual, under "Recording Quality" on page 137.
Also take note of the last footnote [Boxed] on pg 136.
You did get a manual with the camera, right?
I don't know what comes in the box. I have not bought the FZ-200.
Maybe these days they only supply information on where to obtain them.
If so, a free pdf file is available at
edit- Go for the Big File, of the 3 listed.
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The All-In-One bracket is designed to offer 120mm or 140mm fan base cooling solution or AIO liquid cooling solution with extra 3.5"/2.5" storage device installation onto the Core P5.
A base plate to insert into the base of the primary or the secondary 5.25" bay cage, in order to cover up the sliding connector.
This little holder is designed to hold LED strips around and against the acrylic panel of Core P5, to provide an Illuminated effect on the Core P5.
A dual 5.25" bay cage is designed to offer installtion for dual 5.25" bay accessories onto the Core P5. Note: This is the secondary part, where you can joint together with the primary part.
A fan bracket is designed hook onto the metal pillar of Core P5 and to be compatible with 120mm and 140mm fan installtion.
When creating two projects with the same case, I had to look at things differently. I wanted two separate ideas, but still two great end results. So I used the Gigabyte Gaming series products, and the Gigabyte Xtreme Gaming 980ti which has a similar look to the Red Riing Thermaltake fans. I wanted this build to be the opposite of Project Envy, so it is black and red, dark colors. Everything meshing together to make not only the case look outstanding, but the components used as well!
The theme of time is the Ant Man. A Super Marvel series of Hero. Your outfit will be my biggest inspiration for this project. I hope to do a good job with that so incredible character .
Build Name: Double P5 Desk
From 2015 Thermaltake China CaseMOD Invitational S2. Double P5 Desk was constructed with two Core P5's and home furniture parts My aim was to create the perfect PC office desk by incorporating the concept of practical and living to save space and at the same time build a visually pleasing working table PC.
2015 Thermaltake CaseMOD Invitational S2_Jeng ki
GGF's Thermaltake Core P5 Mod
Thermaltake Core P5 Tutorial_JPModified
2015 Thermaltake CaseMOD Invitational S2_Canis Majoris
Copyright © 2016 Thermaltake Technology Co., Ltd. All Rights Reserved.


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10 minute sewing project! Make these easy handle covers for your hot pans. Great for scraps. Could also be used for hot curling iron cover
Superhero Masks - Sew Like My Mom
Polka dot cake - so cute!
Monkey Cupcakes
Make Your Own Cookie & Cake Sprinkles--with juice for the colors!
lego cake!
Ok, for next year...