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Shenzhen Watersky Hotel, Shenzhen
- Free Internet
Main amenities
- 92 guestrooms
- Near the beach
- Outdoor pool
- Room service
- Conference center
- Front desk safe
- Meeting rooms
- Tour/ticket assistance
What's around
- In Yantian
- OCT East (1 mi / 1.6 km)
- Minsk World (6.8 mi / 10.9 km)
- Fairy Lake Botanical Gardens (11.2 mi / 18 km)
- GuanHu Beach (12.2 mi / 19.7 km)
- Hongfa Temple (12.7 mi / 20.4 km)
For families
- Refrigerator
- Private bathroom
- Hair dryer
- Flat-panel TV
- Parking (limited spaces)
Shenzhen Watersky Hotel, Shenzhen
Hotel Info: 020 3027 9803from £27
- Deluxe Suite, Sea View
- Family Suite, Sea View
- Standard Suite, Sea View
- Triple Room
Also popular with travellers from the UK
At a glance
Key facts
Hotel size
- This hotel has 92 rooms
- This hotel is arranged over 23 floors
- Express check-in/out
Required at check in
- Credit card or cash deposit required
- Government-issued photo ID required
- Minimum check-in age is 18
Travelling with others
- Pets not allowed
- Free wired Internet access in public areas
- Free wired Internet access in rooms
Other information
- Resort fee included
Nearby Three Star Shenzhen hotels
In the hotel
- Room service
- Outdoor seasonal pool
- Outdoor pool
- Meeting rooms
- Conference space size (feet) - 100
- Conference space size (meters) - 9
- Conference center
- Tours/ticket assistance
- Year Built 2003
- Safe-deposit box at front desk
- In-room accessibility
In the room
- Iron/ironing board (on request)
- Private bathroom
- Shower only
- Hair dryer
- Flat-screen TV
- Desk
- Free wired high-speed Internet
- Refrigerator
Top Shenzhen hotels
Recently reviewed hotels in Shenzhen
- Harbour Plaza North PointFrom
"Have stayed at the hotel on numerous occasions before for business trips. Overall a very pleasant and enjoyable hotel in a busy and diverse locality, about 20 mins from Central…"Jun 18, 2016
- Best Western Hotel Harbour View Hong KongFrom
"Very nice hotel less than 1 min away from MTR station, very helpful stuff :) would defiantly stay in this hotel again. "Jun 16, 2016
- Kowloon Shangri-La, Hong KongFrom
"Great hotel good location a couple of yards from the MTR station. Shower was fab if a little tired "Jun 15, 2016
- Metropark Hotel KowloonFrom
"Shopping and relaxing days after a Budiness trip. Hotel is well placed for markets temple and ladies"Jun 14, 2016
Nearby hotels
Shenzhen Watersky Hotel, Shenzhen's small print
Also known as
- Shenzhen Watersky
- Shenzhen Watersky Hotel
- Watersky Hotel
Mandatory fees
Deposit: CNY 200 per stay
The charges below are included in the total price displayed:
- Resort fee
Optional extras
Rollaway beds are available for CNY 100 per night
We have included all charges provided to us by this hotel. However, charges can vary, for example, based on length of stay or the room you book.
Is the description of this hotel not correct? Tell us


text:
What It Was Like To Buy And Own A Car In The USSR
When you think of Soviet vehicles, what word comes to mind? Probably "shoddy." Or "terrible." Or "unreliable." Maybe "garbage."
When you think of Soviet vehicles, what word comes to mind? Probably "shoddy." Or "terrible." Or "unreliable." Maybe "garbage."
When you're the only Tesla owner in your entire city, in your entire region, things can get strange. For instance, your regional utility can end up building a charging station just for you alone.
Yesterday, a video surfaced that depicted a chrome-wrapped Lamborghini Murcielago spinning out on a sodden Russian highway near Moscow. It looked super fake (chrome wrap does that). But it was real. It was Something That Happened.
Zero-gravity 3D printing is already operating on the International Space Station, but it can only crank out dinky pieces of plastic. Russian engineers think their space printer can do better—by creating viable replacement parts for the station on the station.
If I'm ever in an accident, the first thing I do is make sure everyone involved is safe. This does not appear to be standard policy in Russia.
Vladimir Putin's friend Alexander "The Surgeon" Zaldostanov is the leader of the Night Wolves nationalist motorcycle club, a hardcore Motherland-loving campaigner for "resistance to the global Satanism" and "all this homosexual talk." He can also put on quite a musical! Perhaps you'd like to feast your eyes on some…
I found myself one late August evening in 2008 listening to the tick-tick of various components and liquids contracting as they cooled, watching the shimmy of heat coming from the hood of my black on black 2006 Chevrolet C6 Z06 after a thoroughly abusive and soul-releasing drive through the canyons of Manhattan. On…
It sounds very straightforward when he describes it. There was no good road leading from his town to the nearby border; he was a retired builder; he sold everything he had to build the road himself, building it where his government would not.
Ruslan Shamsuarov, the 20-year old son of the Vice President of Russia's second-largest oil company Lukoil, suffered no consequence for his involvement in a police chase that was broadcast live on Periscope. His excuse being that his friend who was driving the Mercedes-Benz G63 AMG did "not want to appear weak."
This morning the Russian embassy in the UK tweeted an image with the message, "Extremists near Aleppo received several truckloads of chemical ammo." The only problem with the tweet? The image they used is from the video game Command & Conquer.
Look, if you won't keep the Russian on Red Bull's main Formula One team, the Russians might just replace it with an entire Russian team. Mother Russia cannot be held back. Mother Russia is strong like bear.
With the planned June 4 date coming up fast, Formula E had to cancel its Moscow date, shrinking the season down to ten rounds. The reason? Road closures, or more specifically, the inability to get them.
Russia has successfully launched the first rocket from its brand new Vostochny cosmodrome. But Vladimir Putin, who'd flown 3,400 miles to watch the spectacle, was far from happy about the 24 hour delay he had to endure.
There will be no clouds over Moscow on May Day—because military planes will spray them with liquid nitrogen, granulated carbon dioxide and special cement, miles before they ever get to the city. The chemically perforated sky pests will then either immediately disperse or void themselves first, deluging premature…
Russian media reports that Jordan is consulting with Moscow on buying a batch of Su-32s, a export derivative of Russia's Su-34 Fullback fighter-bomber, which itself is an evolution of the Su-27 Flanker series of fighter aircraft.
American sailors aboard the USS Donald Cook got one intimidating air show over the Baltic Sea yesterday. Russian swing-wing Su-24 Fencers made multiple simulated attack runs on their ship. The maneuvers were said to have been "extremely aggressive" and so low that wakes were kicked up in the water below the jets, Navy…
One of Russia's most advanced attack helicopters, the Mi-28 "Night Hunter," crashed today while operating in Syria. Russian officials say that the helicopter was not taking enemy fire at the time and went down due to technical reasons, killing both crewman onboard. A team is reportedly on the scene trying to determine…
You have to be brave to look at an Aston Martin DB9, what many people hold to be one of the greatest examples of automotive design ever, and think you could do a better job. Unsurprisingly, a design studio in Russia thinks just that, and I actually don't hate it.
If you're like most of us, you're doing all you can to make your life as similar to Vladimir Putin's as possible: you're riding on horseback shirtless, ordering people you don't like to be poisoned, and having athletic, vigorous sex with bears. Now, you (and up to about 5,000 of your friends) can take that final step…
Have you ever worried how real astronauts or cosmonauts can defend themselves or render harmless hostile life forms? What if an alien breaks into the International Space Station? Or a crew member loses his or her mind and goes berserk? The following set of images will put your mind to ease: aspacemen always carry some…

subset: commoncrawl


text:
MFP can now project: The Hottest Moment of Convention Season July 26th, 2016
Wow: Ivanka saw Ted Cruz's heel turn coming all along #RNCinCLE July 20th, 2016
MFP projects Michael Bisping won't lose Fox Sports gig over "F*ggot"-ghazi June 5th, 2016
S.E. Cupp is refusing to grace CPAC with her presence unless GOProud and the Log Cabin Republicans are allowed to…come…
"I've been scheduled to speak at CPAC this year and I just don't think I can until this issue is reconciled…"
The Cycle February 26.
The ego on her. Can you imagine what her Rorschach test must be like?
"A crown…"
"A statue of me…"
"An emerald scepter…"
"My loyal subjects…"
Flashback: Fake conservative S.E. Cupp trashes Rush Limbaugh again


text:
Pat Robertson Teaches on Matthew 24
Pat Robertson Teaches on Matthew 24
Pat Robertson Teaches on Matthew 24
Pat continues his Signs of the Times teachings with a look at the prophetic significance of Israel under attack.
Pat Robertson with a teaching on the "Signs of the Times"
Pat Robertson teaches from his successful series, The Secret Kingdom.
The graffiti on a building in Belgium says it all: "Welcome to 'Belgistan." In fact, some are now calling...
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From the most conquered city in history, Scott Ross tours the place where the past comes alive and the...
"Touchdown Tony" Nathan has a solution to reconcile a divided people. Plus, a Marine's doomed marriage is saved.


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30 Sheep & Lamb Crafts for Spring & Easter
Easter Story Snack Mix
Lemon Mousse ❊ Simple Entertaining for Easter
Fresh berries combine with a creamy cheesecake fluff. This is so amazing and will be the hit of any gathering! I am loving the fresh and delicious berries that are starting to pop up in the stores right now. I love fresh fruit! We eat so much fruit around here it is crazy. I am …
Spring Cake! Raspberry, Lemon and Orange Cheesecake in a Moist White Cake!
Super easy cake mix cookies are given a festive Easter twist with the addition pastel buttercream and sprinkles.
Easter: DIY BOX CANDY EASTER BASKET LINK: http://thekrazycouponlady.com/tips/family/diy-edible-easter-egg-basket/
Easy Lamb Cake
Galaxy Easter Egg Tutorial - Dream a Little Bigger
50 easter recipes. everything on this list that doesn't have meat looks absolutely amazing.
Burlap bunny tutorial
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Jello Easter Eggs with Vanilla Filling
Cadbury Crème Egg Frosting and 25 other Cutest Easter Cupcakes
Easter Crown of Thorns Chalk Pastel Art Tutorial www.hodgepodge.me
Cadbury Egg Cake - Oh YUM!
Crock Pot Ham for Easter
Bacon Ranch Cheese Ball - How cute to shape like a carrot and to use parsley as the greenery!
Jelly bean bracelets!
Carrot Cake Sandwich Cookies ~ mini carrot cake whoopie pies filled with cream cheese frosting make an easy, hand-held Easter dessert | Five...
These funny bunny cookies make me giggle they're so cute!
Easter ideas for kids, Easter food ideas, Easter basket crafts, wicker Easter basket
Easter Eggs Painted With Watercolor Paint | OHMY-CREATIVE.COM #EasterEggs
Doughnut Bunny Pops - How cute are these? Made in a flash with store-bought powdered mini doughnuts!


text:
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Grouping and Descriptive Categories (6,920)
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Top Apps
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text:
Crazy Substitute Teachers
Enjoy, NG4.05 / 5.00 1,403 Views
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your series with nazo is so freakin awesome. I mean, Hyper Shadic? One of the best Sonic characters EVER!!!!
Hell yeah i love this good job make more :D
sonic the hedgehog.......why does that name...BOTHER ME SO MUCH lol awseome keep it up
the music is so fucking loud that you can't even hear the dialogue... like in sonic adventure 2 XD


text:
Micro Carbide End Mills Available in Range of Styles
D.W. Sales will showcase Melin Tool's line of micro carbide end mills, suited for titanium and aluminum alloys, graphite, steel, and stainless alloys of hardness less than 40 HRC.
End Mill with Smaller Inserts Reliably Roughs, Finishes
Sandvik Coromant offers its CoroMill 390 end mill with size 07 inserts, making it ideal for shoulder milling, edging, linear and helical ramping, plunge milling, slot milling, and face milling.
Line Boring Bar Enables Cutting Edge Retraction for Crankshaft Machining
Mapal's line boring bar for the fine machining of crankshaft bearing journals is designed to optimize the process with compensation-enabled cutting edges that are said to increase quality, processing speed and tool life.
Indexable Ballnose End Mills Produce Precise Finishes
OSG will showcase a variety of tools, including the Phoenix PFB indexable ballnose end mill, which offers radius tolerance of 6 microns for high precision, surface finish and tool life in finishing operations.
Burnishing Tool Achieves Good Surface Finishes
The UBT-T4 universal single-roll burnishing tool from Cogsdill Tool provides a compact design for use where limited space is available.
CBN Inserts Prevent Chip Packing
Tungaloy's GNGA series with T-CBN is a cubic boron nitride (cBN) insert designed as a solution for sudden insert failure and uncontrollable surface roughness due to poor chip control.
Tool Magazine Stores 206 Large-Diameter Tools
Mazak's compact Tooltech tool magazine is designed to store big, heavy and large-diameter tools in a small space on the shop floor.
Expanded Dovetail Grooving Insert Line
The Thinbit line of Groove 'N Turn dovetail grooving inserts, by Kaiser Tool Co. has been expanded to offer more sizes.
Three-Flute Drill Extends Tool Life at Higher Feed Rates
Mapal's three-flute Tritan-Drill is said to achieve more bores, a longer tool life and lower machining costs compared with two-flute drills.
End Mill Series Extends Lengths of Cut, Corner Radius Options
M.A. Ford has expanded its TuffCut XT Series 278 range of end mills with more than 400 new product variants.


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Apartment Merce, Barcelona
Main amenities
- 2 apartments
- Air conditioning
- Tour/ticket assistance
Feel at home
- Free cribs/infant beds
- Sofa bed
- Kitchen
- Cookware, dishware, and utensils
- Stovetop
- Refrigerator
What's around
- In Gothic Quarter
- Basilica de Santa Maria del Mar (0.3 mi / 0.5 km)
- Las Ramblas (0.4 mi / 0.7 km)
- Palau Guell (0.4 mi / 0.7 km)
- Gran Teatre del Liceu (0.5 mi / 0.7 km)
- Barcelona Cathedral (0.5 mi / 0.8 km)
Apartment Merce, Barcelona
Hotel Info: 866-539-8117
- Standard Apartment for 5 people
- Standard Apartment for 4 people
- Standard Apartment for 3 people
- Standard Apartment for 2 people
- Standard Apartment for 1 person
- Apartment for 5 people
- Apartment for 4 people
- Standard Apartment for 4 people Early Booking
- Standard Apartment for 6 people
- Apartment for 6 people
Also popular with travelers from the USA
At a glance
Key facts
Hotel size
- This hotel has 2 rooms
- Check-in time 2 PM-10 PM
- Check-out time is 9:30 AM
To make arrangements for check-in please contact the property ahead of time using the information on the booking confirmation. Guests planning to arrive after hours must contact the property at least 48 hours prior to arrival to confirm arrival times and receive late check-in instructions. Guests can contact the office using the number on the reservation confirmation received after booking.
Required at check in
- Credit card or cash deposit required
- Government-issued photo ID required
Travelling with others
- Pets allowed
- Up to 5 kg
- Wired Internet access in rooms *
Nearby Three Star Barcelona hotels
In the hotel
- Tours/ticket assistance
In the room
- In-room climate control (air conditioning)
- Air conditioning
- Coffee/tea maker
- Iron/ironing board
- Sofa bed
- Sofa bed size double
- Partially open bathroom
- Shower only
- Hair dryer
- DVD player
- Wired high-speed Internet access (surcharge)
- Refrigerator
- Kitchen
- Stovetop
- Cookware, dishware, and utensils
Top Barcelona hotels
Recently reviewed hotels in Barcelona
- Acta AntibesFrom
"This hotel was near the metro which helped getting around the city hassle free. It was a few blocks from some major tourist attractions. Additionally , there were several…"Jul 25, 2016
- Mercure Barcelona CondorFrom
"Great breakfast buffet to start the day! We when site seeing for the day. A little bit of a walk to the hop on hop off bus stop. Nice view from the balcony room."Jul 25, 2016
- Hotel Attica 21 Barcelona MarFrom
"Checkin was easy, took about 5-10 mins max,friendly bartender at the pool bar,easy access to the city. There is a taxi stand in front of the hotel and there is a bus stop at a…"Jul 25, 2016
- Hotel ConstanzaFrom
"Very nice location. Comfortable hotel. I recommended for everyone."Jul 25, 2016
Apartment Merce, Barcelona's small print
Also known as
- Apartment Merce
- Apartment Merce Barcelona
Cash transactions at this property cannot exceed EUR 2500, due to national regulations. For further details, please contact the property using information in the booking confirmation.
Mandatory fees
You'll be asked to pay the following charges at check in or check out:
- A tourist tax will be collected at the property upon arrival. The tax applies up to a maximum of 7 nights per person, per stay. Children under 17 years of age are exempt from this tax.
Deposit: EUR 400 per stay
Pet deposit: EUR 400 per stay
- Cleaning fee: EUR 69 per accommodation, per stay
Optional extras
Onsite credit card charges are subject to an extra charge
Late check-in between 10 PM and midnight can be arranged for an extra charge (amount varies)
Housekeeping is offered for an extra charge of EUR 62 per stay
High-speed Internet access (wired) is available in guestrooms for EUR 10 (rates may vary)
We have included all charges provided to us by this hotel. However, charges can vary, for example, based on length of stay or the room you book.
Is the description of this hotel not correct? Tell us


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- Swimmer Ryan Lochte reveals one of his worst dates - US Weekly
- Get the latest on Dr. Dre's arrest - TMZ
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- Blue Ivy is just as stylish as her mom Beyonce! - Lainey Gossip
- This Narcos star confirms he's not coming back for another season of the show - The Hollywood Reporter
20 June 2011 at 2:13 PM
Cameron Diaz: Good Morning America!
Posted in Cameron Diaz: Good Morning America!
About this photo set: Cameron Diaz shows off her legs for days as she arrives at ABC Studios in New York City on Monday (June 20) to tape an appearance on Good Morning America. The… Read More Here
Photo #: 2553904
Posted to Cameron Diaz
powered by ZergNet


text:
how do i remove my captains seats from the second row of my van
someone sent me a link but it refers to fixed bench seats, I have two captains seats that have some kind of release pin under the seat. any help would be much appreciated
1 Answer
Hello, I'll send you the whole book =). Here is a link to AutoZone's repair guide. In there, you should be able to find complete instructions for how to remove the captain chair: http://www.autozone.com/servlet/UiBroker?ForwardPage=/az/cds/en_us/0900823d/80/11/80/6e/0900823d8011806e.jsp Best of luck! CarGrrl
1 out of 1 people think this is helpful.
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Forum indexNikon SLR Lens TalkChange forum
D800 kit comming?
Started Apr 2, 2012 | Discussions thread
Shop cameras & lenses ▾
maiaibing • Veteran Member • Posts: 4,106
D800 kit comming?
Apr 2, 2012
Will there be a Nikon 800D kit coming? And with witch lens?
maiaibing's gear list:maiaibing's gear list
Canon EOS 6D Canon EOS 5DS R Canon EF 35mm f/1.4L USM Canon EF 135mm f/2.0L USM Canon EF 70-200mm f/2.8L IS II USM +9 more
Nikon D800
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Ronen Shilo is the chair, CEO and founder of Conduit, the leading provider of cloud-based solutions that empower web and mobile publishers to engage their users across multiple platforms. An inventor at heart, Ronen enjoys creating anything from sophisticated software applications to cool musical puzzles. Introducing ground-breaking Internet applications is his passion. Before founding Conduit, Ronen founded Effective–I, a learning system that categorized, organized, and delivered information to shorten search cycles within an enterprise. Ronen also founded DoubleAgent, the first company to develop a collaborative technology that enabled application sharing over the Internet. DoubleAgent was later acquired by NetManage, and continued to operate under Ronen's management for three more years. Ronen holds a BSc in Computer Science from the Technion – Israel Institute of Technology.
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Just Between Friends (JBF), the leading children's and maternity consignment event, is announcing a special presale from 6-8 pm for military families, first-time moms, and teachers on Tuesday, March 11, a day ahead of the regular JBF sale days, March 12-16, at the Washington County Fairgrounds in West Bend.
JBF's Germantown/Port Washington sale will open to the public on Wednesday through Friday, March 12 to 14, from 9 a.m. to 7 p.m., Saturday, March 15, from 9 a.m. to 4 p.m., and Sunday, March 16, from 9 a.m. to 1 p.m. Admission on Wednesday is $3, with free admission on Thursday, Friday, Saturday, and Sunday.
JBF sales offer "gently used" and "new" children's clothing in sizes 0 to 18, maternity clothes in sizes XS to plus, children's shoes in sizes infant to 6, as well as toys, board and electronic games, DVDs, and books. All clothing items and shoes are inspected before the event for current fashion, stains, and tears, and strollers and cribs are checked for safety and recall warnings. Items will be organized like a children's store, where everything is divided by gender, size, and category. Each event features new and different items. The spring sales will feature spring and summer clothing items.
"Many families are feeling an economic pinch at this time, so the service Just Between Friends sales bring to the community is extremely valuable," said Ammie Maltz, organizer of the JBF Germantown sale. "Our purpose is twofold: to offer opportunities for families to purchase gently used clothes and toys for their children at very reasonable prices, and secondly, to offer families the opportunity to sell their used items in a carefully managed, secure atmosphere and make a few dollars doing so."
The Washington County sale is the first of three in southeastern Wisconsin. A Waukesha County sale starts March 21 and runs through March 23 at the Waukesha Expo Center, followed by a Milwaukee County sale April 6-11 at the Wisconsin Exposition Center at Wisconsin State Fair Park.
The sale utilizes an exclusive, free barcode system for tagging items, tracking daily sales, and managing an accurate, itemized list of any unsold, fashionable, and desirable items that are then donated on behalf of JBF and the consignors to organizations, including the Salvation Army, for area families in need.
Just Between Friends serves more than 260,000 American families in 22 states and provides an opportunity for families to recycle their kids' clothing and toys. Wisconsin currently offers five JBF sales events with each independently operated. The Salvation Army is an international movement located in over 100 countries around the world. It has been serving communities in the Greater Milwaukee area for over 100 years.
For more information on the upcoming sale, visit www.jbfsale.com.
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The Art of War
Sun Tzu
Lionel Giles Translation
I. Laying Plans 1. Sun Tzu said: The art of war is of vital importance to the State. 2. It is a matter of life and death, a road either to safety or to ruin. Hence it is a subject of inquiry which can on no account be neglected. 3. The art of war, then, is governed by five constant factors, to be taken into account in one's deliberations, when seeking to determine the conditions obtaining in the field. 4. These are: (1) The Moral Law; (2) Heaven; (3) Earth; (4) The Commander; (5) Method and discipline. 5,6. The Moral Law causes the people to be in complete accord with their ruler, so that they will follow him regardless of their lives, undismayed by any danger. 7. Heaven signifies night and day, cold and heat, times and seasons. 8. Earth comprises distances, great and small; danger and security; open ground and narrow passes; the chances of life and death. 9. The Commander stands for the virtues of wisdom, sincerely, benevolence, courage and strictness. 10. By method and discipline are to be understood the marshaling of the army in its proper subdivisions, the graduations of rank among the officers, the maintenance of roads by which supplies may reach the army, and the control of military expenditure. 11. These five heads should be familiar to every general: he who knows them will be victorious; he who knows them not will fail. 12. Therefore, in your deliberations, when seeking to determine the military conditions, let them be made the basis of a comparison, in this wise:-13. (1) Which of the two sovereigns is imbued with the Moral law? (2) Which of the two generals has most ability? (3) With whom lie the advantages derived from Heaven and Earth? (4) On which side is discipline most rigorously enforced? (5) Which army is stronger? (6) On which side are officers and men more highly trained? (7) In which army is there the greater constancy both in reward and punishment? 14. By means of these seven considerations I can forecast victory or defeat. 15. The general that hearkens to my counsel and acts upon it, will conquer: let such a one be retained in command! The general that hearkens not to my counsel nor acts upon it, will suffer defeat:--let such a one be dismissed! 16. While heading the profit of my counsel, avail yourself also of any helpful circumstances over and beyond the ordinary rules.
17. According as circumstances are favorable, one should modify one's plans. 18. All warfare is based on deception. 19. Hence, when able to attack, we must seem unable; when using our forces, we must seem inactive; when we are near, we must make the enemy believe we are far away; when far away, we must make him believe we are near. 20. Hold out baits to entice the enemy. Feign disorder, and crush him. 21. If he is secure at all points, be prepared for him. If he is in superior strength, evade him. 22. If your opponent is of choleric temper, seek to irritate him. Pretend to be weak, that he may grow arrogant. 23. If he is taking his ease, give him no rest. If his forces are united, separate them. 24. Attack him where he is unprepared, appear where you are not expected. 25. These military devices, leading to victory, must not be divulged beforehand. 26. Now the general who wins a battle makes many calculations in his temple ere the battle is fought. The general who loses a battle makes but few calculations beforehand. Thus do many calculations lead to victory, and few calculations to defeat: how much more no calculation at all! It is by attention to this point that I can foresee who is likely to win or lose.
small items such as glue and paint. will reach the total of a thousand ounces of silver per day. your strength exhausted and your treasure spent. When their substance is drained away. When you engage in actual fighting. With this loss of substance and exhaustion of strength. including entertainment of guests. 10. Thus. 8. cleverness has never been seen associated with long delays. 4. will be able to avert the consequences that must ensue. On the other hand. 5. but forage on the enemy. the expenditure at home and at the front. however wise. Contributing to maintain an army at a distance causes the people to be impoverished.14. 3. the peasantry will be afflicted by heavy exactions. It is only one who is thoroughly acquainted with the evils of war that can thoroughly understand the profitable way of carrying it on. bows and arrows. and a hundred thousand mail-clad soldiers. as many heavy chariots. Sun Tzu said: In the operations of war. and high prices cause the people's substance to be drained away. Such is the cost of raising an army of 100. Again. with provisions enough to carry them a thousand li. Waging War 1. the proximity of an army causes prices to go up. Poverty of the State exchequer causes an army to be maintained by contributions from a distance. Thus the army will have food enough for its needs. neither are his supply-wagons loaded more than twice. 2. and three-tenths of their income will be dissipated. 12. spears and shields.000 men. There is no instance of a country having benefited from prolonged warfare. 13. you will exhaust your strength. 6. when your weapons are dulled. breast-plates and helmets. the homes of the people will be stripped bare. other chieftains will spring up to take advantage of your extremity. where there are in the field a thousand swift chariots. protective mantles. then men's weapons will grow dull and their ardor will be damped. draught-oxen and heavy wagons. the resources of the State will not be equal to the strain. Then no man. 7. Bring war material with you from home. if victory is long in coming. The skillful soldier does not raise a second levy. your ardor damped. worn-out horses. will amount to four-tenths of its total revenue. and sums spent on chariots and armor. though we have heard of stupid haste in war. If you lay siege to a town.II. 11. . 9. while government expenses for broken chariots. if the campaign is protracted. Now.
Now in order to kill the enemy. 16. not lengthy campaigns. Hence a wise general makes a point of foraging on the enemy. our men must be roused to anger. and the chariots mingled and used in conjunction with ours. In war. Therefore in chariot fighting. 19. the man on whom it depends whether the nation shall be in peace or in peril. they must have their rewards. and likewise a single picul of his provender is equivalent to twenty from one's own store. One cartload of the enemy's provisions is equivalent to twenty of one's own. This is called. when ten or more chariots have been taken. The captured soldiers should be kindly treated and kept. . then. using the conquered foe to augment one's own strength. Thus it may be known that the leader of armies is the arbiter of the people's fate. that there may be advantage from defeating the enemy. 17. 20. let your great object be victory.15. Our own flags should be substituted for those of the enemy. those should be rewarded who took the first. 18.
if five to one. 7. if the bulwark is defective. The general. Thus the highest form of generalship is to balk the enemy's plans. The preparation of mantlets. the next in order is to attack the enemy's army in the field. 3. This is called hobbling the army. unable to control his irritation. to attack him. his triumph will be complete. Sun Tzu said: In the practical art of war. the State will be strong.III. to shatter and destroy it is not so good. (1) By commanding the army to advance or to retreat. the next best is to prevent the junction of the enemy's forces. movable shelters. will take up three whole months. will launch his men to the assault like swarming ants. This is the method of attacking by stratagem. and thus. It is the rule in war. in the end it must be captured by the larger force. being ignorant of the fact that it cannot obey. to divide our army into two. There are three ways in which a ruler can bring misfortune upon his army:-13. (2) By attempting to govern an army in the same way as he administers a kingdom. Attack by Stratagem 1. he captures their cities without laying siege to them. and various implements of war. the State will be weak. we can avoid the enemy. not to besiege walled cities if it can possibly be avoided. This causes restlessness in the soldier's minds. to capture a regiment. 12. and the worst policy of all is to besiege walled cities. Hence. we can offer battle. we can flee from him. 14. it is better to recapture an army entire than to destroy it. Hence to fight and conquer in all your battles is not supreme excellence. he overthrows their kingdom without lengthy operations in the field. a detachment or a company entire than to destroy them. with the result that one-third of his men are slain. 6. being ignorant of the conditions which obtain in an army. if the bulwark is complete at all points. supreme excellence consists in breaking the enemy's resistance without fighting. while the town still remains untaken. to surround him. if twice as numerous. without losing a man. 5. With his forces intact he will dispute the mastery of the Empire. and the piling up of mounds over against the walls will take three months more. Therefore the skillful leader subdues the enemy's troops without any fighting. if quite unequal in every way. 8. Now the general is the bulwark of the State. too. though an obstinate fight may be made by a small force. 10. if slightly inferior in numbers. 11. if our forces are ten to the enemy's one. . the best thing of all is to take the enemy's country whole and intact. The rule is. 9. Such are the disastrous effects of a siege. 2. So. If equally matched. 4.
for every victory gained you will also suffer a defeat. This is simply bringing anarchy into the army.15. If you know neither the enemy nor yourself. (4) He will win who. (5) He will win who has military capacity and is not interfered with by the sovereign. (3) He will win whose army is animated by the same spirit throughout all its ranks. 17. you need not fear the result of a hundred battles. . (2) He will win who knows how to handle both superior and inferior forces. This shakes the confidence of the soldiers. 18. prepared himself. waits to take the enemy unprepared. Hence the saying: If you know the enemy and know yourself. If you know yourself but not the enemy. you will succumb in every battle. through ignorance of the military principle of adaptation to circumstances. Thus we may know that there are five essentials for victory: (1) He will win who knows when to fight and when not to fight. But when the army is restless and distrustful. 16. trouble is sure to come from the other feudal princes. and flinging victory away. (3) By employing the officers of his army without discrimination.
Thus it is that in war the victorious strategist only seeks battle after the victory has been won. 5. 16. 13. Security against defeat implies defensive tactics. To see victory only when it is within the ken of the common herd is not the acme of excellence. a superabundance of strength. to see the sun and moon is no sign of sharp sight. Thus on the one hand we have ability to protect ourselves. for it means conquering an enemy that is already defeated. The consummate leader cultivates the moral law. "Well done!" 10. whereas he who is destined to defeat first fights and afterwards looks for victory. to hear the noise of thunder is no sign of a quick ear. 6. 7. Hence the saying: One may know how to conquer without being able to do it. he who is skilled in attack flashes forth from the topmost heights of heaven. 15. 9. but cannot make certain of defeating the enemy. 11. Thus the good fighter is able to secure himself against defeat. Making no mistakes is what establishes the certainty of victory. What the ancients called a clever fighter is one who not only wins. on the other. Sun Tzu said: The good fighters of old first put themselves beyond the possibility of defeat. . but excels in winning with ease. and strictly adheres to method and discipline. 14. To secure ourselves against defeat lies in our own hands. 8. a victory that is complete. Hence his victories bring him neither reputation for wisdom nor credit for courage. Neither is it the acme of excellence if you fight and conquer and the whole Empire says. 2. and then waited for an opportunity of defeating the enemy. The general who is skilled in defense hides in the most secret recesses of the earth. Hence the skillful fighter puts himself into a position which makes defeat impossible. To lift an autumn hair is no sign of great strength.IV. ability to defeat the enemy means taking the offensive. attacking. but the opportunity of defeating the enemy is provided by the enemy himself. 4. Standing on the defensive indicates insufficient strength. thus it is in his power to control success. Tactical Dispositions 1. 3. 12. He wins his battles by making no mistakes. and does not miss the moment for defeating the enemy.
and Victory to Balancing of chances. is as a pound's weight placed in the scale against a single grain. Estimation of quantity to Measurement. 18. firstly. Balancing of chances to Calculation. we have. A victorious army opposed to a routed one. thirdly. 19. secondly.17. 20. . Balancing of chances. In respect of military method. Calculation. The onrush of a conquering force is like the bursting of pent-up waters into a chasm a thousand fathoms deep. fourthly. Estimation of quantity. Victory. Calculation to Estimation of quantity. Measurement. Measurement owes its existence to Earth. fifthly.
In all fighting. 8. 7. acrid. Amid the turmoil and tumult of battle. the direct method may be used for joining battle. like the sun and moon.V.this is effected by maneuvers direct and indirect. It is like moving in a circle-you never come to an end. sweet. 11. Indirect tactics. unending as the flow of rivers and streams. to the releasing of a trigger. but indirect methods will be needed in order to secure victory. yet in combination they produce more hues than can ever been seen. The quality of decision is like the well-timed swoop of a falcon which enables it to strike and destroy its victim. your array may be without head or tail. 2. yet these two in combination give rise to an endless series of maneuvers. salt. yet the combinations of these five give rise to more melodies than can ever be heard. There are not more than five musical notes. are inexhaustible as Heaven and Earth. there are not more than two methods of attack--the direct and the indirect. Therefore the good fighter will be terrible in his onset. In battle. That the impact of your army may be like a grindstone dashed against an egg--this is effected by the science of weak points and strong. yet it will . 5. There are not more than five cardinal tastes (sour. red. Who can exhaust the possibilities of their combination? 12. Energy may be likened to the bending of a crossbow. 6. Fighting with a large army under your command is nowise different from fighting with a small one: it is merely a question of instituting signs and signals. 4. 9. The onset of troops is like the rush of a torrent which will even roll stones along in its course. To ensure that your whole host may withstand the brunt of the enemy's attack and remain unshaken-. 14. and black). bitter). they pass away to return once more. 10. Energy 1. yellow. they end but to begin anew. yet combinations of them yield more flavors than can ever be tasted. amid confusion and chaos. and prompt in his decision. There are not more than five primary colors (blue. 3. The direct and the indirect lead on to each other in turn. 13. Sun Tzu said: The control of a large force is the same principle as the control of a few men: it is merely a question of dividing up their numbers. white. 16. efficiently applied. like the four seasons. there may be seeming disorder and yet no real disorder at all. decision. 15.
. according to which the enemy will act. 19. simulated fear postulates courage. For it is the nature of a log or stone to remain motionless on level ground. concealing courage under a show of timidity presupposes a fund of latent energy. Thus the energy developed by good fighting men is as the momentum of a round stone rolled down a mountain thousands of feet in height. So much on the subject of energy. 20. He sacrifices something. and does not require too much from individuals. he keeps him on the march.be proof against defeat. if four-cornered. his fighting men become as it were like unto rolling logs or stones. By holding out baits. When he utilizes combined energy. Simulated disorder postulates perfect discipline. that the enemy may snatch at it. The clever combatant looks to the effect of combined energy. to go rolling down. Hiding order beneath the cloak of disorder is simply a question of subdivision. Hence his ability to pick out the right men and utilize combined energy. but if round-shaped. simulated weakness postulates strength. Thus one who is skillful at keeping the enemy on the move maintains deceitful appearances. to come to a standstill. 18. 22. then with a body of picked men he lies in wait for him. masking strength with weakness is to be effected by tactical dispositions. 21. and to move when on a slope. 23. 17.
or. if you make for the enemy's weak points.VI. 14. 4. while the enemy must split up into fractions. which means that we shall be many to the enemy's few. if quietly encamped. All we need do is to throw something odd and unaccountable in his way. through you inaudible. we can keep our forces concentrated. Therefore the clever combatant imposes his will on the enemy. 3. You may advance and be absolutely irresistible. By discovering the enemy's dispositions and remaining invisible ourselves. Hence there will be a whole pitted against separate parts of a whole. If we wish to fight. 10. march swiftly to places where you are not expected. We can form a single united body. will be fresh for the fight. but does not allow the enemy's will to be imposed on him. the enemy can be forced to an engagement even though he be sheltered behind a high rampart and a deep ditch. whoever is second in the field and has to hasten to battle will arrive exhausted. he can force him to move. 9. 5. Appear at points which the enemy must hasten to defend. Hence that general is skillful in attack whose opponent does not know what to defend. if it marches through country where the enemy is not. he can starve him out. by inflicting damage. while the enemy's must be divided. 8. 11. 7. Weak Points and Strong 1. if well supplied with food. and he is skillful in defense whose opponent does not know what to attack. All we need do is attack some other place that he will be obliged to relieve. If the enemy is taking his ease. he can make it impossible for the enemy to draw near. If we do not wish to fight. 13. Sun Tzu said: Whoever is first in the field and awaits the coming of the enemy. 2. and hence we can hold the enemy's fate in our hands. 6. By holding out advantages to him. An army may march great distances without distress.You can ensure the safety of your defense if you only hold positions that cannot be attacked. we can prevent the enemy from engaging us even though the lines of our encampment be merely traced out on the ground. you may retire and be safe from pursuit if your movements are more rapid than those of the enemy. he can cause the enemy to approach of his own accord. . 12. O divine art of subtlety and secrecy! Through you we learn to be invisible. You can be sure of succeeding in your attacks if you only attack places which are undefended. he can harass him.
but what none can see is the strategy out of which victory is evolved. he will weaken his right. 28. Numerical weakness comes from having to prepare against possible attacks. Knowing the place and the time of the coming battle. 26. Rouse him. 27. Though according to my estimate the soldiers of Yueh exceed our own in number. the highest pitch you can attain is to conceal them. from the machinations of the wisest brains. the right equally impotent to succor the left. he will everywhere be weak. If he sends reinforcements everywhere. 18. 19. Force him to reveal himself. our opponents will be in dire straits. But if neither time nor place be known. In making tactical dispositions. I say then that victory can be achieved. and even the nearest are separated by several LI! 21. should he strengthen his right. and you will be safe from the prying of the subtlest spies. the numbers we shall have to face at any given point will be proportionately few. 25. for then the enemy will have to prepare against a possible attack at several different points. How victory may be produced for them out of the enemy's own tactics--that is what the multitude cannot comprehend. 20. For should the enemy strengthen his van. he will weaken his rear. and his forces being thus distributed in many directions. conceal your dispositions. Do not repeat the tactics which have gained you one victory. Though the enemy be stronger in numbers. 24. we may prevent him from fighting. should he strengthen his left. All men can see the tactics whereby I conquer. 22. 16. so as to find out his vulnerable spots. or the rear to support the van. the van unable to relieve the rear.15. 17. 23. and learn the principle of his activity or inactivity. so that you may know where strength is superabundant and where it is deficient. Carefully compare the opposing army with your own. Scheme so as to discover his plans and the likelihood of their success. from compelling our adversary to make these preparations against us. he will weaken his left. he will weaken his van. that shall advantage them nothing in the matter of victory. should he strengthen his rear. then the left wing will be impotent to succor the right. And if we are able thus to attack an inferior force with a superior one. we may concentrate from the greatest distances in order to fight. numerical strength. but let your methods be . The spot where we intend to fight must not be made known. How much more so if the furthest portions of the army are anything under a hundred LI apart.
the moon has its periods of waning and waxing. wood. for water in its natural course runs away from high places and hastens downwards. So in war. Military tactics are like unto water. 30. 32. The five elements (water. metal. the way is to avoid what is strong and to strike at what is weak. so in warfare there are no constant conditions. 31. earth) are not always equally predominant. 29. may be called a heaven-born captain. the four seasons make way for each other in turn. Therefore. 33. 34. . Water shapes its course according to the nature of the ground over which it flows. the soldier works out his victory in relation to the foe whom he is facing. There are short days and long. fire. just as water retains no constant shape. He who can modify his tactics in relation to his opponent and thereby succeed in winning.regulated by the infinite variety of circumstances.
comes tactical maneuvering. practice dissimulation. and only half your force will reach the goal. We are not fit to lead an army on the march unless we are familiar with the face of the country--its mountains and forests.VII. the chances are that you will be too late. without provisions it is lost. doing a hundred LI in order to wrest an advantage. and make forced marches without halting day or night. 9. and misfortune into gain. Having collected an army and concentrated his forces. In war. If you march fifty LI in order to outmaneuver the enemy. covering double the usual distance at a stretch. 5. and though starting after him. After that. 6. you will lose the leader of your first division. its pitfalls and precipices. 15. Thus. The stronger men will be in front. Sun Tzu said: In war. Maneuvering 1. and you will succeed. The difficulty of tactical maneuvering consists in turning the devious into the direct. 11. after enticing the enemy out of the way. 12. the general receives his commands from the sovereign. 10. and on this plan only one-tenth of your army will reach its destination. without bases of supply it is lost. he must blend and harmonize the different elements thereof before pitching his camp. If you march thirty LI with the same object. most dangerous. 14. its marshes and swamps. with an undisciplined multitude. On the other hand. Maneuvering with an army is advantageous. . two-thirds of your army will arrive. 8. We shall be unable to turn natural advantage to account unless we make use of local guides. 4. than which there is nothing more difficult. if you order your men to roll up their buff-coats. We may take it then that an army without its baggage-train is lost. to take a long and circuitous route. shows knowledge of the artifice of deviation. to detach a flying column for the purpose involves the sacrifice of its baggage and stores. to contrive to reach the goal before him. 13. Thus. the jaded ones will fall behind. 7. We cannot enter into alliances until we are acquainted with the designs of our neighbors. the leaders of all your three divisions will fall into the hands of the enemy. 3. 2. If you set a fully equipped army in march in order to snatch an advantage.
banners and flags. to await the appearance of disorder and hubbub amongst the enemy:--this is the art of retaining self-possession. When you plunder a countryside. 24. must be decided by circumstances. Gongs and drums. your compactness that of the forest. make much use of signal-fires and drums. Whether to concentrate or to divide your troops. 17. Ponder and deliberate before you make a move. Disciplined and calm. 29. and when you move. to refrain from attacking an army drawn up in calm and confident array:--this is the art of studying . This is the art of handling large masses of men. 26. to wait at ease while the enemy is toiling and struggling. and in fighting by day. A clever general. Let your plans be dark and impenetrable as night.16. to be well-fed while the enemy is famished:--this is the art of husbanding one's strength. the spoken word does not carry far enough: hence the institution of gongs and drums. 28. A whole army may be robbed of its spirit. In night-fighting. 19. avoids an army when its spirit is keen. a commander-in-chief may be robbed of his presence of mind. 18. In raiding and plundering be like fire. 32. therefore. Nor can ordinary objects be seen clearly enough: hence the institution of banners and flags. and in the evening. is it impossible either for the brave to advance alone. 22. his mind is bent only on returning to camp. Now a soldier's spirit is keenest in the morning. cut it up into allotments for the benefit of the soldiery. 31. 25. then. 27. He will conquer who has learnt the artifice of deviation. 21. To refrain from intercepting an enemy whose banners are in perfect order. The host thus forming a single united body. To be near the goal while the enemy is still far from it. but attacks it when it is sluggish and inclined to return. by noonday it has begun to flag. of flags and banners. 23. Let your rapidity be that of the wind. when you capture new territory. 30. let the spoil be divided amongst your men. 20. This is the art of studying moods. are means whereby the ears and eyes of the host may be focused on one particular point. as a means of influencing the ears and eyes of your army. The Book of Army Management says: On the field of battle. fall like a thunderbolt. Such is the art of maneuvering. or for the cowardly to retreat alone. is immovability like a mountain.
When you surround an army. 34. Such is the art of warfare.circumstances. It is a military axiom not to advance uphill against the enemy. Do not interfere with an army that is returning home. Do not swallow bait offered by the enemy. Do not press a desperate foe too hard. nor to oppose him when he comes downhill. do not attack soldiers whose temper is keen. . 36. leave an outlet free. 37. 33. Do not pursue an enemy who simulates flight. 35.
we may extricate ourselves from misfortune. positions which must not be contested.VIII. 4. which exposes him to worry and trouble. So. may be well acquainted with the configuration of the country. Variation in Tactics 1. yet he will not be able to turn his knowledge to practical account. not on the chance of his not attacking. 9. The general who thoroughly understands the advantages that accompany variation of tactics knows how to handle his troops. 6. In desperate position. 8. The art of war teaches us to rely not on the likelihood of the enemy's not coming. 13. Hence in the wise leader's plans. If our expectation of advantage be tempered in this way. When in difficult country. commands of the sovereign which must not be obeyed. The general who does not understand these. . 14. In country where high roads intersect. 3. and make them rush to any given point. ruinous to the conduct of war. hold out specious allurements. you must fight. the student of war who is unversed in the art of war of varying his plans. and keep them constantly engaged. Let them be a subject of meditation. armies which must be not attacked. in the midst of difficulties we are always ready to seize an advantage. even though he be acquainted with the Five Advantages. Sun Tzu said: In war. do not encamp. There are five dangerous faults which may affect a general: (1) Recklessness. 12. (3) a hasty temper. which leads to capture. collects his army and concentrates his forces 2. you must resort to stratagem. There are roads which must not be followed. (2) cowardice. 10. (4) a delicacy of honor which is sensitive to shame. on the other hand. 5. but on our own readiness to receive him. but rather on the fact that we have made our position unassailable. Do not linger in dangerously isolated positions. 11. the general receives his commands from the sovereign. will fail to make the best use of his men. join hands with your allies. 7. In hemmed-in situations. towns which must be besieged. considerations of advantage and of disadvantage will be blended together. we may succeed in accomplishing the essential part of our schemes. which leads to destruction. If. When an army is overthrown and its leader slain. and make trouble for them. These are the five besetting sins of a general. Reduce the hostile chiefs by inflicting damage on them. (5) over-solicitude for his men. the cause will surely be found among these five dangerous faults. which can be provoked by insults.
you must wait until it subsides. When you come to a hill or a bank. In crossing salt-marshes. confined places. 3. 14. without any delay.IX. The Army on the March 1. should be left with all possible speed and not approached. 8. 13. you should have water and grass near you. tangled thickets. and this will spell victory. and keep in the neighborhood of valleys. deep natural hollows. 6. While we keep away from such places. we should get the enemy to approach them. and observing signs of the enemy. Country in which there are precipitous cliffs with torrents running between. level country. you should not go to meet the invader near a river which he has to cross. in consequence of heavy rains up-country. Do not climb heights in order to fight. Thus you will at once act for the benefit of your soldiers and utilize the natural advantages of the ground. with the slope on your right rear. the army will be free from disease of every kind. So much for operations in salt-marches. 11. These are the four useful branches of military knowledge which enabled the Yellow Emperor to vanquish four several sovereigns. 4. 7. and get your back to a clump of trees. Pass quickly over mountains. facing the sun. 5. So much for mountain warfare. so that the danger may be in front. So much for river warfare. 10. and facing the sun. your sole concern should be to get over them quickly. Do not move up-stream to meet the enemy. If forced to fight in a salt-marsh. you should get far away from it. occupy the sunny side. and camp on hard ground. . 12. Moor your craft higher up than the enemy. 16. 9. Sun Tzu said: We come now to the question of encamping the army. 2. a river which you wish to ford is swollen and flecked with foam. Camp in high places. 15. In dry. When. All armies prefer high ground to low and sunny places to dark. After crossing a river. quagmires and crevasses. If you are anxious to fight. If you are careful of your men. and safety lie behind. It will be best to let half the army get across. When an invading force crosses a river in its onward march. take up an easily accessible position with rising ground to your right and on your rear. So much for campaigning in flat country. and then deliver your attack. do not advance to meet it in mid-stream.
when the dust is low. When the light chariots come out first and take up a position on the wings. 20. hollow basins filled with reeds. but spread over a wide area. he is relying on the natural strength of his position. 31. 30. If the enemy sees an advantage to be gained and makes no effort to secure it. Clamor by night betokens nervousness. 27. 28. 25. it is a sign that the enemy is forming for battle. it means that the critical moment has come. If his place of encampment is easy of access. they are faint from want of food. Movement amongst the trees of a forest shows that the enemy is advancing. 21. 32. When the soldiers stand leaning on their spears. If those who are sent to draw water begin by drinking themselves. If in the neighborhood of your camp there should be any hilly country. for these are places where men in ambush or insidious spies are likely to be lurking. . When some are seen advancing and some retreating. When there is dust rising in a high column. 29. 22. 23. When the enemy is close at hand and remains quiet. 26. he is tendering a bait. he is anxious for the other side to advance. Humble words and increased preparations are signs that the enemy is about to advance. the soldiers are exhausted. 19. or woods with thick undergrowth. 24. it is unoccupied. it is a lure. When he keeps aloof and tries to provoke a battle. When there is much running about and the soldiers fall into rank. it shows that parties have been sent to collect firewood. 18. When it branches out in different directions. ponds surrounded by aquatic grass. we should let the enemy have them on his rear. the army is suffering from thirst. If birds gather on any spot. it is the sign of chariots advancing. 17. they must be carefully routed out and searched. A few clouds of dust moving to and fro signify that the army is encamping. The appearance of a number of screens in the midst of thick grass means that the enemy wants to make us suspicious. Violent language and driving forward as if to the attack are signs that he will retreat. Startled beasts indicate that a sudden attack is coming. it betokens the approach of infantry. Peace proposals unaccompanied by a sworn covenant indicate a plot. The rising of birds in their flight is the sign of an ambuscade.while we face them.
39. the general's authority is weak. when the soldiers have become attached to you. keep a close watch on the enemy. but afterwards to take fright at the enemy's numbers. you may know that they are determined to fight to the death. it is a sign that the enemy wishes for a truce. 40. What we can do is simply to concentrate all our available strength. If the enemy's troops march up angrily and remain facing ours for a long time without either joining battle or taking themselves off again. If a general shows confidence in his men but always insists on his orders being obeyed. if not. If the officers are angry. 41. 43. 34. that is amply sufficient. it means that the men are weary. they will still be unless. When an army feeds its horses with grain and kills its cattle for food. . punishments are not enforced. they will not prove submissive.33. To begin by bluster. The sight of men whispering together in small knots or speaking in subdued tones points to disaffection amongst the rank and file. He who exercises no forethought but makes light of his opponents is sure to be captured by them. showing that they will not return to their tents. and when the men do not hang their cooking-pots over the camp-fires. This is a certain road to victory. and obtain reinforcements. Too frequent rewards signify that the enemy is at the end of his resources. When envoys are sent with compliments in their mouths. shows a supreme lack of intelligence. If there is disturbance in the camp. and. 42. but kept under control by means of iron discipline. too many punishments betray a condition of dire distress. If soldiers are punished before they have grown attached to you. If in training soldiers commands are habitually enforced. unless submissive. its discipline will be bad. 36. then will be practically useless. it only means that no direct attack can be made. 38. If our troops are no more in number than the enemy. 37. the army will be welldisciplined. 44. If. sedition is afoot. If the banners and flags are shifted about. Therefore soldiers must be treated in the first instance with humanity. the situation is one that demands great vigilance and circumspection. 35. the gain will be mutual. 45.
(3) temporizing ground. it is called temporizing ground. If the enemy has occupied them before you. but from faults for which the general is responsible. let them be strongly garrisoned and await the advent of the enemy. and the strength of the two armies is equal. These are: (1) Flight. Terrain 1. (6) rout. 8. and there wait for him to come up. 2. the result will be the flight of the former. Should the army forestall you in occupying a pass. we may deliver our attack with advantage. 4. Ground which can be abandoned but is hard to re-occupy is called entangling. and fighting will be to your disadvantage. (5) precipitous heights. But if the enemy is prepared for your coming. Sun Tzu said: We may distinguish six kinds of terrain. 10. Ground which can be freely traversed by both sides is called accessible. 9. 7. it is not easy to provoke a battle. 6.X. if you can occupy them first. but retreat and try to entice him away. (2) entangling ground. (5) disorganization. disaster will ensue. From a position of this sort. not arising from natural causes. return being impossible. do not follow him. when part of his army has come out. With regard to narrow passes. 15. These six are the principles connected with Earth. 3. The general who has attained a responsible post must be careful to study them. (6) positions at a great distance from the enemy. (2) insubordination. Then you will be able to fight with advantage. (3) collapse. 14. then. If you are situated at a great distance from the enemy. but rather to retreat. In a position of this sort. even though the enemy should offer us an attractive bait. do not go after him if the pass is fully garrisoned. be before the enemy in occupying the raised and sunny spots. 13. to wit: (1) Accessible ground. if you are beforehand with your adversary. (4) narrow passes. With regard to ground of this nature. and you fail to defeat him. and carefully guard your line of supplies. but only if it is weakly garrisoned. Other conditions being equal. 5. then. thus enticing the enemy in his turn. 12. it will be advisable not to stir forth. 11. With regard to precipitous heights. Now an army is exposed to six several calamities. When the position is such that neither side will gain by making the first move. if one force is hurled against another ten times its size. you should occupy the raised and sunny spots. (4) ruin. if the enemy is unprepared. you may sally forth and defeat him. .
constitutes the test of a great general. but are unaware that the nature of the ground makes fighting . He who knows them not. 27. If fighting is sure to result in victory. Regard your soldiers as your children. If we know that our own men are in a condition to attack. 25. which must be carefully noted by the general who has attained a responsible post. 26. when his orders are not clear and distinct. When the higher officers are angry and insubordinate. will win his battles. you are indulgent. These are six ways of courting defeat. When the general is weak and without authority. allows an inferior force to engage a larger one. whose only thought is to protect his country and do good service for his sovereign. nor practices them. but unable to enforce your commands. 22. but are unaware that our own men are not in a condition to attack. however. then you must not fight even at the ruler's bidding. The general who advances without coveting fame and retreats without fearing disgrace. is the jewel of the kingdom. When a general. 20. and they will follow you into the deepest valleys. the result must be rout. If we know that the enemy is open to attack. If we know that the enemy is open to attack. 17. and neglects to place picked soldiers in the front rank. and also know that our men are in a condition to attack. or hurls a weak detachment against a powerful one. When the officers are too strong and the common soldiers too weak. and incapable. and the ranks are formed in a slovenly haphazard manner. even though the ruler forbid it. we have gone only halfway towards victory. and on meeting the enemy give battle on their own account from a feeling of resentment. and of shrewdly calculating difficulties. and they will stand by you even unto death. and in fighting puts his knowledge into practice. 23. 28. the result is utter disorganization. 18. When the common soldiers are too strong and their officers too weak. look upon them as your own beloved sons. unable to estimate the enemy's strength. we have gone only halfway towards victory. before the commander-in-chief can tell whether or no he is in a position to fight. The natural formation of the country is the soldier's best ally. but are unaware that the enemy is not open to attack.16. but a power of estimating the adversary. but unable to make your authority felt. 21. the result is insubordination. the result is ruin. If. 24. they are useless for any practical purpose. will surely be defeated. of quelling disorder: then your soldiers must be likened to spoilt children. when there are no fixes duties assigned to officers and men. kind-hearted. the result is collapse. of controlling the forces of victory. He who knows these things. then you must fight. if fighting will not result in victory. dangers and distances. 19. 29. moreover.
your victory will not stand in doubt. Hence the saying: If you know the enemy and know yourself. we have still gone only halfway towards victory. Hence the experienced soldier.impracticable. 30. he is never at a loss. . 31. once in motion. if you know Heaven and know Earth. once he has broken camp. is never bewildered. you may make your victory complete.
Mountain forests. is desperate ground. do not try to block the enemy's way. 7. fight not. marshes and fens--all country that is hard to traverse: this is difficult ground. it is serious ground. Ground which is reached through narrow gorges. when otherwise. 12. but to no great distance. (9) desperate ground. On hemmed-in ground. it is facile ground. The Nine Situations 1. Ground the possession of which imports great advantage to either side. and from which we can only retire by tortuous paths. 4. Ground on which we can only be saved from destruction by fighting without delay. join hands with your allies. 3. Ground on which each side has liberty of movement is open ground. so that he who occupies it first has most of the Empire at his command. On open ground. 6. so that a small number of the enemy would suffice to crush a large body of our men: this is hemmed in ground. is contentious ground. On contentious ground. 13. (6) serious ground. Those who were called skillful leaders of old knew how to drive a wedge between the enemy's front and rear. to hinder the good troops from rescuing the bad. 14. it is dispersive ground. When it was to their advantage. (5) ground of intersecting highways. they managed to keep them in disorder. attack not. the officers from rallying their men.XI. keep steadily on the march. In difficult ground. 10. resort to stratagem. they made a forward move. 17. 2. When a chieftain is fighting in his own territory. On facile ground. (4) open ground. fight. (8) hemmed-in ground. therefore. 9. (3) contentious ground. to prevent co-operation between his large and small divisions. is a ground of intersecting highways. halt not. (2) facile ground. 11. 5. (7) difficult ground. leaving a number of fortified cities in its rear. When the enemy's men were united. When he has penetrated into hostile territory. On the ground of intersecting highways. 16. On dispersive ground. On desperate ground. On serious ground. 15. 8. they . rugged steeps. gather in plunder. When an army has penetrated into the heart of a hostile country. Sun Tzu said: The art of war recognizes nine varieties of ground: (1) Dispersive ground. Ground which forms the key to three contiguous states.
28. On the day they are ordered out to battle. they can be trusted. Officers and men alike will put forth their uttermost strength. 25. and attack unguarded spots. without waiting to be marshaled. I should answer. Throw your soldiers into positions whence there is no escape. Carefully study the well-being of your men. make your way by unexpected routes. there is nothing they may not achieve. Strike at its head. 29. But let them once be brought to bay. I should say: "Begin by seizing something which your opponent holds dear. until death itself comes. the soldiers will be constantly on the qui vive. and those lying down letting the tears run down their cheeks. and they will display the courage of a Chu or a Kuei. Make forays in fertile country in order to supply your army with food. Rapidity is the essence of war: take advantage of the enemy's unreadiness. For the men of Wu and the men of Yueh are enemies. and you will be attacked by its head. Yes. If our soldiers are not overburdened with money. 20. and they will prefer death to flight. Now the shuai-jan is a snake that is found in the ChUng mountains. those sitting up bedewing their garments. they will stand firm. Thus. the greater will be the solidarity of your troops. they will fight hard. they will be faithful. 21. if their lives are not unduly long. and do not overtax them. and devise unfathomable plans.stopped still. 30. The skillful tactician may be likened to the shuai-jan. and you will be attacked by its tail. without waiting to be asked. The following are the principles to be observed by an invading force: The further you penetrate into a country. they will show a stubborn front. they will do your will. If there is no place of refuge. Asked if an army can be made to imitate the shuai-jan. and thus the defenders will not prevail against you. If there is no help for it. your soldiers may weep. and you will be attacked by head and tail both. then he will be amenable to your will. Soldiers when in desperate straits lose the sense of fear. yet if they are crossing a river in the same . it is not because they are disinclined to longevity. 26. If they will face death. it is not because they have a distaste for riches. Keep your army continually on the move. 27. 22." 19. If asked how to cope with a great host of the enemy in orderly array and on the point of marching to the attack. no calamity need be feared. 24. Prohibit the taking of omens. 18. Then. strike at its tail. without restrictions. and do away with superstitious doubts. If they are in hostile country. 23. strike at its middle. Concentrate your energy and hoard your strength. without giving orders.
and take your army across neighborhood territory. it is serious ground. that penetrating deeply brings cohesion. 41. He must be able to mystify his officers and men by false reports and appearances. like a shepherd driving a flock of sheep. the ground is one of intersecting highways. 43. The different measures suited to the nine varieties of ground. By altering his arrangements and changing his plans. 38.boat and are caught by a storm. willy-nilly. When you leave your own country behind. At the critical moment. he drives his men this way and that. When you penetrate deeply into a country. they will come to each other's assistance just as the left hand helps the right. When you penetrate but a little way. he prevents the enemy from anticipating his purpose. 42. He burns his boats and breaks his cooking-pots. 31. the general principle is. 36. 35. How to make the best of both strong and weak--that is a question involving the proper use of ground. and the burying of chariot wheels in the ground 32. Thus the skillful general conducts his army just as though he were leading a single man. It is the business of a general to be quiet and thus ensure secrecy. upright and just. and thus keep them in total ignorance. you find yourself on critical ground. He carries his men deep into hostile territory before he shows his hand. . 39. When there are means of communication on all four sides. and nothing knows whither he is going. the leader of an army acts like one who has climbed up a height and then kicks away the ladder behind him. 37. 40. To muster his host and bring it into danger:--this may be termed the business of the general. Hence it is not enough to put one's trust in the tethering of horses. by the hand. it is facile ground. The principle on which to manage an army is to set up one standard of courage which all must reach. penetrating but a short way means dispersion. the expediency of aggressive or defensive tactics. he keeps the enemy without definite knowledge. 44. 33. By shifting his camp and taking circuitous routes. When invading hostile territory. and thus maintain order. and the fundamental laws of human nature: these are things that must most certainly be studied. 34.
Bestow rewards without regard to rule. 48. Confront your soldiers with the deed itself. I would keep pushing on along the road. his generalship shows itself in preventing the concentration of the enemy's forces. 52. When a warlike prince attacks a powerful state. On facile ground. 56. . 57. never let them know your design. and to obey promptly when he has fallen into danger. I would hurry up my rear. 46. Thus he is able to capture their cities and overthrow their kingdoms. nor does he foster the power of other states. He carries out his own secret designs. I would keep a vigilant eye on my defenses. and it will survive. I would see that there is close connection between all parts of my army. I would proclaim to my soldiers the hopelessness of saving their lives. its marshes and swamps. plunge it into desperate straits. and it will come off in safety. On hemmed-in ground. On contentious ground. 55. On ground of intersecting highways. On serious ground. 49. bring it before their eyes. On desperate ground. 51. issue orders without regard to previous arrangements. 50. keeping his antagonists in awe. I would block any way of retreat. it is hemmed-in ground. Place your army in deadly peril. He overawes his opponents. to fight hard when he cannot help himself. On open ground. and narrow passes in front. and you will be able to handle a whole army as though you had to do with but a single man.45. To be ignored of any one of the following four or five principles does not befit a warlike prince. For it is the soldier's disposition to offer an obstinate resistance when surrounded. it is desperate ground. We cannot enter into alliance with neighboring princes until we are acquainted with their designs. on dispersive ground. 53. On difficult ground. When the outlook is bright. 54. When you have the enemy's strongholds on your rear. Hence he does not strive to ally himself with all and sundry. I would consolidate my alliances. I would try to ensure a continuous stream of supplies. We shall be unable to turn natural advantages to account unless we make use of local guides. 58. Therefore. 47. I would inspire my men with unity of purpose. and their allies are prevented from joining against him. When there is no place of refuge at all. We are not fit to lead an army on the march unless we are familiar with the face of the country--its mountains and forests. its pitfalls and precipices. but tell them nothing when the situation is gloomy.
then. 62. exhibit the coyness of a maiden. 68. you must rush in. and accommodate yourself to the enemy until you can fight a decisive battle. until the enemy gives you an opening. If the enemy leaves a door open. 61. 66. This is called ability to accomplish a thing by sheer cunning. At first.59. afterwards emulate the rapidity of a running hare. By persistently hanging on the enemy's flank. block the frontier passes. destroy the official tallies. Success in warfare is gained by carefully accommodating ourselves to the enemy's purpose. so that you may control the situation. Forestall your opponent by seizing what he holds dear. and it will be too late for the enemy to oppose you. we shall succeed in the long run in killing the commander-in-chief. On the day that you take up your command. 65. 67. 63. 64. Walk in the path defined by rule. For it is precisely when a force has fallen into harm's way that is capable of striking a blow for victory. and subtly contrive to time his arrival on the ground. Be stern in the council-chamber. and stop the passage of all emissaries. 60. .
the fourth is to burn arsenals and magazines. stay where you are. the five developments connected with fire must be known. (2) If there is an outbreak of fire. Hence the saying: The enlightened ruler lays his plans well ahead. the Wing or the Cross-bar. bide your time and do not attack. 15. (5) When you start a fire. 13. and special days for starting a conflagration. but a night breeze soon falls. if not. In order to carry out an attack. The first is to burn soldiers in their camp. Sun Tzu said: There are five ways of attacking with fire. In attacking with fire. follow it up with an attack. the third is to burn baggage trains. The material for raising fire should always be kept in readiness. 9. . the fifth is to hurl dropping fire amongst the enemy. do not wait for it to break out within. the good general cultivates his resources. and a watch kept for the proper days. Unhappy is the fate of one who tries to win his battles and succeed in his attacks without cultivating the spirit of enterprise.XII. There is a proper season for making attacks with fire. (4) If it is possible to make an assault with fire from without. those who use water as an aid to the attack gain an accession of strength. 8. the movements of the stars calculated. In every army. 14. but the enemy's soldiers remain quiet. 5. but deliver your attack at a favorable moment. but not robbed of all his belongings. Hence those who use fire as an aid to the attack show intelligence. The proper season is when the weather is very dry. the special days are those when the moon is in the constellations of the Sieve. A wind that rises in the daytime lasts long. an enemy may be intercepted. the Wall. (3) When the force of the flames has reached its height. for the result is waste of time and general stagnation. The Attack by Fire 1. 2. 4. if that is practicable. 12. (1) When fire breaks out inside to enemy's camp. for these four are all days of rising wind. 10. 16. 7. 11. be to windward of it. 3. we must have means available. the second is to burn stores. By means of water. one should be prepared to meet five possible developments: 6. Do not attack from the leeward. respond at once with an attack from without.
. 22. no general should fight a battle simply out of pique. No ruler should put troops into the field merely to gratify his own spleen. nor can the dead ever be brought back to life. But a kingdom that has once been destroyed can never come again into being. use not your troops unless there is something to be gained. Move not unless you see an advantage. Anger may in time change to gladness. This is the way to keep a country at peace and an army intact. stay where you are. 21. and the good general full of caution. make a forward move. 20.17. fight not unless the position is critical. 18. 19. Hence the enlightened ruler is heedful. vexation may be succeeded by content. if not. If it is to your advantage.
are those who bring back news from the enemy's camp. making use of officials of the enemy. 10. to remain in ignorance of the enemy's condition simply because one grudges the outlay of a hundred ounces of silver in honors and emoluments. 5. doing certain things openly for purposes of deception. Having local spies means employing the services of the inhabitants of a district. They cannot be properly managed without benevolence and straightforwardness. Surviving spies. and men will drop down exhausted on the highways. what enables the wise sovereign and the good general to strike and conquer. This is called "divine manipulation of the threads. of whom there are five classes: (1) Local spies. 15. 6. no present help to his sovereign. no master of victory. (5) surviving spies. and allowing our spies to know of them and report them to the enemy. 12. Hostile armies may face each other for years. 2. is the height of inhumanity. 16. Having doomed spies. Knowledge of the enemy's dispositions can only be obtained from other men. nor by any deductive calculation. This being so. 8. Having inward spies." It is the sovereign's most precious faculty. finally. Sun Tzu said: Raising a host of a hundred thousand men and marching them great distances entails heavy loss on the people and a drain on the resources of the State. 9. striving for the victory which is decided in a single day. The daily expenditure will amount to a thousand ounces of silver. 3. When these five kinds of spy are all at work. In no other business should greater secrecy be preserved. . There will be commotion at home and abroad. One who acts thus is no leader of men. 4. Now this foreknowledge cannot be elicited from spirits. Hence the use of spies. As many as seven hundred thousand families will be impeded in their labor. (2) inward spies. Thus. 14. it cannot be obtained inductively from experience. Hence it is that which none in the whole army are more intimate relations to be maintained than with spies. 11. None should be more liberally rewarded. none can discover the secret system. Having converted spies. 13. Spies cannot be usefully employed without a certain intuitive sagacity. is foreknowledge.XIII. The Use of Spies 1. and achieve things beyond the reach of ordinary men. 7. (4) doomed spies. (3) converted spies. getting hold of the enemy's spies and using them for our own purposes.
27. 24. 25. 18. It is owing to his information. It is through the information brought by the converted spy that we are able to acquire and employ local and inward spies. Of old. to storm a city. again. Be subtle! be subtle! and use your spies for every kind of business. Hence it is essential that the converted spy be treated with the utmost liberality. it is by his information that the surviving spy can be used on appointed occasions. Lastly. 23. one cannot make certain of the truth of their reports.17. or to assassinate an individual. If a secret piece of news is divulged by a spy before the time is ripe. he must be put to death together with the man to whom the secret was told. Thus they will become converted spies and available for our service. that we can cause the doomed spy to carry false tidings to the enemy. because on them depends an army's ability to move. it is always necessary to begin by finding out the names of the attendants. the rise of the Chou dynasty was due to Lu Ya who had served under the Yin. 21. The end and aim of spying in all its five varieties is knowledge of the enemy. and door-keepers and sentries of the general in command. Our spies must be commissioned to ascertain these. the aides-decamp. tempted with bribes. Without subtle ingenuity of mind. from the converted spy. 20. and this knowledge can only be derived. Hence it is only the enlightened ruler and the wise general who will use the highest intelligence of the army for purposes of spying and thereby they achieve great results. Whether the object be to crush an army. led away and comfortably housed. Spies are a most important element in water. 19. in the first instance. The enemy's spies who have come to spy on us must be sought out. 26. 22. Likewise. THE END . the rise of the Yin dynasty was due to I Chih who had served under the Hsia.
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