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February 03, 1911 THE NEGOTIABLE INSTRUMENTS LAW I. FORM AND INTERPRETATION Section 1. Form of negotiable instruments. - An instrument to be negotiable must conform to the following requirements: (a) It must be in writing and signed by the maker or drawer; (b) Must contain an unconditional promise or order to pay a sum certain in money; (c) Must be payable on demand, or at a fixed or determinable future time; (d) Must be payable to order or to bearer; and
(e) Where the instrument is addressed to a drawee, he must be named or otherwise indicated therein with reasonable certainty. Sec. 2. What constitutes certainty as to sum. - The sum payable is a sum certain within the meaning of this Act, although it is to be paid: (a) with interest; or (b) by stated installments; or
(c) by stated installments, with a provision that, upon default in payment of any installment or of interest, the whole shall become due; or (d) with exchange, whether at a fixed rate or at the current rate; or (e) with costs of collection or an attorney's fee, in case payment shall not be made at maturity.
Sec. 3. When promise is unconditional. - An unqualified order or promise to pay is unconditional within the meaning of this Act though coupled with: (a) An indication of a particular fund out of which reimbursement is to be made or a particular account to be debited with the amount; or (b) A statement of the transaction which gives rise to the instrument. But an order or promise to pay out of a particular fund is not unconditional.chan robles virtual law library Sec. 4. Determinable future time; what constitutes. - An instrument is payable at a determinable future time, within the meaning of this Act, which is expressed to be payable: (a) At a fixed period after date or sight; or (b) On or before a fixed or determinable future time specified therein; or (c) On or at a fixed period after the occurrence of a specified event which is certain to happen, though the time of happening be uncertain. An instrument payable upon a contingency is not negotiable, and the happening of the event does not cure the defect. Sec. 5. Additional provisions not affecting negotiability. - An instrument which contains an order or promise to do any act in addition to the payment of money is not negotiable. But the negotiable character of an instrument otherwise negotiable is not affected by a provision which: (a) authorizes the sale of collateral securities in case the instrument be not paid at maturity; or (b) authorizes a confession of judgment if the instrument be not paid at maturity; or (c) waives the benefit of any law intended for the advantage or protection of the obligor; or
(d) gives the holder an election to require something to be done in lieu of payment of money. But nothing in this section shall validate any provision or stipulation otherwise illegal. Sec. 6. Omissions; seal; particular money. - The validity and negotiable character of an instrument are not affected by the fact that: (a) it is not dated; or (b) does not specify the value given, or that any value had been given therefor; or (c) does not specify the place where it is drawn or the place where it is payable; or (d) bears a seal; or
(e) designates a particular kind of current money in which payment is to be made. But nothing in this section shall alter or repeal any statute requiring in certain cases the nature of the consideration to be stated in the instrument. Sec. 7. When payable on demand. - An instrument is payable on demand: (a) When it is so expressed to be payable on demand, or at sight, or on presentation; or (b) In which no time for payment is expressed. Where an instrument is issued, accepted, or indorsed when overdue, it is, as regards the person so issuing, accepting, or indorsing it, payable on demand. Sec. 8. When payable to order. - The instrument is payable to order where it is drawn payable to the order of a specified person or to him or his order. It may be drawn payable to the order of: (a) A payee who is not maker, drawer, or drawee; or (b) The drawer or maker; or
(c) (d) (e) Two One or
The or more some of
drawee; payees several jointly; payees;
or or or
(f) The holder of an office for the time being. Where the instrument is payable to order, the payee must be named or otherwise indicated therein with reasonable certainty. Sec. 9. When payable to bearer. - The instrument is payable to bearer: (a) When it is expressed to be so payable; or (b) When it is payable to a person named therein or bearer; or (c) When it is payable to the order of a fictitious or nonexisting person, and such fact was known to the person making it so payable; or (d) When the name of the payee does not purport to be the name of any person; or (e) When the only or last indorsement is an indorsement in blank. Sec. 10. Terms, when sufficient. - The instrument need not follow the language of this Act, but any terms are sufficient which clearly indicate an intention to conform to the requirements hereof. Sec. 11. Date, presumption as to. - Where the instrument or an acceptance or any indorsement thereon is dated, such date is deemed prima facie to be the true date of the making, drawing, acceptance, or indorsement, as the case may be. chanrobles law Sec. 12. Ante-dated and post-dated. - The instrument is not invalid for the reason only that it is ante-dated or post-dated,
Where an incomplete instrument has not been delivered. 13. When date may be inserted. Blanks. But if any such instrument. . be a valid contract in the hands of any holder. if completed and negotiated without authority. The insertion of a wrong date does not avoid the instrument in the hands of a subsequent holder in due course. 14. any holder may insert therein the true date of issue or acceptance. And a signature on a blank paper delivered by the person making the signature in order that the paper may be converted into a negotiable instrument operates as a prima facie authority to fill it up as such for any amount. Sec. that any such instrument when completed may be enforced against any person who became a party thereto prior to its completion. when effectual. after completion. as against any person whose signature was placed thereon before delivery. it is valid and effectual for all purposes in his hands. but as to him. Sec. . 16. In order.Where the instrument is wanting in any material particular. . when presumed. however. or where the acceptance of an instrument payable at a fixed period after sight is undated. Sec. . Delivery.Where an instrument expressed to be payable at a fixed period after date is issued undated. when may be filled. and he may enforce it as if it had been filled up strictly in accordance with the authority given and within a reasonable time. As between immediate parties and as regards a remote .Every contract on a negotiable instrument is incomplete and revocable until delivery of the instrument for the purpose of giving effect thereto. and the instrument shall be payable accordingly. Sec. it must be filled up strictly in accordance with the authority given and within a reasonable time. The person to whom an instrument so dated is delivered acquires the title thereto as of the date of delivery. the person in possession thereof has a prima facie authority to complete it by filling up the blanks therein. it will not. is negotiated to a holder in due course. the date so inserted is to be regarded as the true date. 15.provided this is not done for an illegal or fraudulent purpose. Incomplete instrument not delivered.
. a valid and intentional delivery by him is presumed until the contrary is proved. (b) Where the instrument provides for the payment of interest. or indorsing. it will be considered to be dated as of the time it was issued. (c) Where the instrument is not dated. the written provisions prevail. a valid delivery thereof by all parties prior to him so as to make them liable to him is conclusively presumed. But where the instrument is in the hands of a holder in due course.Where the language of the instrument is ambiguous or there are omissions therein. drawing. And where the instrument is no longer in the possession of a party whose signature appears thereon. the following rules of construction apply: (a) Where the sum payable is expressed in words and also in figures and there is a discrepancy between the two. in order to be effectual. without specifying the date from which interest is to run. the interest runs from the date of the instrument. as the case may be. 17. he is to be deemed an indorser. Sec. in such case. but if the words are ambiguous or uncertain. the sum denoted by the words is the sum payable. the delivery. accepting. reference may be had to the figures to fix the amount. Construction where instrument is ambiguous. and if the instrument is undated. and. (f) Where a signature is so placed upon the instrument that it is not clear in what capacity the person making the same intended to sign. (e) Where the instrument is so ambiguous that there is doubt whether it is a bill or note.party other than a holder in due course. from the issue thereof. or for a special purpose only. the delivery may be shown to have been conditional. must be made either by or under the authority of the party making. (d) Where there is a conflict between the written and printed provisions of the instrument. the holder may treat it as either at his election. . and not for the purpose of transferring the property in the instrument.
. Effect of indorsement by infant or corporation. effect of. . Signature by agent. without disclosing his principal.The signature of any party may be made by a duly authorized agent. they are deemed to be jointly and severally liable thereon. No particular form of appointment is necessary for this purpose. Sec. Sec. 20. . and the authority of the agent may be established as in other cases of agency. Liability of person signing as agent. 23. how shown. Forged signature. Sec. Signature by procuration. does not exempt him from personal liability. But one who signs in a trade or assumed name will be liable to the same extent as if he had signed in his own name. Sec. 19.(g) Where an instrument containing the word "I promise to pay" is signed by two or more persons.A signature by "procuration" operates as notice that the agent has but a limited authority to sign. but the mere addition of words describing him as an agent. 22. or as filling a representative character. notwithstanding that from want of capacity.The indorsement or assignment of the instrument by a corporation or by an infant passes the property therein..When a signature is forged or made without the authority of the person whose signature it . Sec. effect of. 18. Sec. and so forth. 21. the corporation or infant may incur no liability thereon. he is not liable on the instrument if he was duly authorized. Where the instrument contains or a person adds to his signature words indicating that he signs for or on behalf of a principal or in a representative capacity. except as herein otherwise expressly provided. Liability of person signing in trade or assumed name. and the principal is bound only in case the agent in so signing acted within the actual limits of his authority. authority. No person is liable on the instrument whose signature does not appear thereon.
Such a person is liable on the instrument to a holder for value. whether the failure is an ascertained and liquidated amount or otherwise. and every person whose signature appears thereon to have become a party thereto for value. II.purports to be. 29. acceptor. . or to give a discharge therefor. An antecedent or preexisting debt constitutes value. notwithstanding such holder. CONSIDERATION Sec. Effect of want of consideration. . and no right to retain the instrument. 26. When lien on instrument constitutes holder for value. — Where the holder has a lien on the instrument arising either from contract or by implication of law. he is deemed a holder for value to the extent of his lien. without receiving value therefor.Every negotiable instrument is deemed prima facie to have been issued for a valuable consideration. drawer. at the time of taking the .Where value has at any time been given for the instrument. — Value is any consideration sufficient to support a simple contract. 27. Sec.An accommodation party is one who has signed the instrument as maker. can be acquired through or under such signature. unless the party against whom it is sought to enforce such right is precluded from setting up the forgery or want of authority. Value. the holder is deemed a holder for value in respect to all parties who become such prior to that time. 28. . 25. . Sec. and partial failure of consideration is a defense pro tanto. or indorser. it is wholly inoperative.Absence or failure of consideration is a matter of defense as against any person not a holder in due course. what constitutes. and for the purpose of lending his name to some other person. Liability of accommodation party. Sec. Presumption of consideration. Sec. Sec. or to enforce payment thereof against any party thereto. What constitutes holder for value. 24. and is deemed such whether the instrument is payable on demand or at a future time.
35. it is negotiated by delivery. without additional words. NEGOTIATION Sec. . What constitutes negotiation. it may be indorsed as to the residue. Sec. or which purports to transfer the instrument to two or more indorsees severally. is a sufficient indorsement. 34. it is negotiated by the indorsement of the holder and completed by delivery.The holder may convert a blank indorsement into a special indorsement by writing over the signature of the indorser in blank any contract consistent with the character of . Sec. the instrument is to be payable. or to whose order. and the indorsement of such indorsee is necessary to the further negotiation of the instrument. 33. how changed to special indorsement. III. knew him to be only an accommodation party. The signature of the indorser. . and an instrument so indorsed is payable to bearer. Sec. 30.A special indorsement specifies the person to whom. .The indorsement must be an indorsement of the entire instrument. and it may also be either restrictive or qualified or conditional. if payable to order. 31. An indorsement which purports to transfer to the indorsee a part only of the amount payable. Sec.instrument. Sec. Kinds of indorsement. Special indorsement.The indorsement must be written on the instrument itself or upon a paper attached thereto.An indorsement may be either special or in blank. If payable to bearer. But where the instrument has been paid in part. . Indorsement must be of entire instrument. . An indorsement in blank specifies no indorsee. 32.An instrument is negotiated when it is transferred from one person to another in such manner as to constitute the transferee the holder thereof. Indorsement. how made. Blank indorsement. indorsement in blank. and may be negotiated by delivery. . does not operate as a negotiation of the instrument.
Sec. . Sec. It may be made by adding to the indorser's signature the words "without recourse" or any words of similar import. . 38. . 39. 36. 40. .the indorsement. Qualified indorsement. Indorsement of instrument payable to bearer.Where an . 37. rights of indorsee. or the proceeds thereof. where the form of the indorsement authorizes him to do so. Such an indorsement does not impair the negotiable character of the instrument. or (c) Vests the title in the indorsee in trust for or to the use of some other persons. subject to the rights of the person indorsing conditionally. Sec. Effect of restrictive indorsement. But the mere absence of words implying power to negotiate does not make an indorsement restrictive. or (b) Constitutes the indorsee the agent of the indorser. Conditional indorsement. the party required to pay the instrument may disregard the condition and make payment to the indorsee or his transferee whether the condition has been fulfilled or not. Sec. But all subsequent indorsees acquire only the title of the first indorsee under the restrictive indorsement. . But any person to whom an instrument so indorsed is negotiated will hold the same.An indorsement is restrictive which either: (a) Prohibits the further negotiation of the instrument.A qualified indorsement constitutes the indorser a mere assignor of the title to the instrument.Where an indorsement is conditional. Sec. (c) to transfer his rights as such indorsee. (b) to bring any action thereon that the indorser could bring. When indorsement restrictive.A restrictive indorsement confers upon the indorsee the right: (a) to receive payment of the instrument.
presumption. it may nevertheless be further negotiated by delivery. Indorsement where payable to two or more persons. Place of indorsement. every negotiation is deemed prima facie to have been effected before the instrument was overdue. 47. . he may indorse in such terms as to negative personal liability. . . . 44. Sec.Where any person is under obligation to indorse in a representative capacity.Except where an indorsement bears date after the maturity of the instrument.An instrument negotiable in its origin continues to be negotiable until it has been restrictively indorsed or discharged by payment or otherwise. . Where an instrument is payable to the order of two or more payees or indorsees who are not partners. 43. Sec. Effect of instrument drawn or indorsed to a person as cashier.Where an instrument is drawn or indorsed to a person as "cashier" or other fiscal officer of a bank or corporation. and so forth. it is deemed prima facie to be payable to the bank or corporation of which he is such officer. every indorsement is presumed prima facie to have been made at the place where the instrument is dated. robles virtual law library Sec. presumption. 46. if he thinks fit. his proper signature. Sec. Continuation of negotiable character. is indorsed specially. 42. 41. Sec. Time of indorsement.Except where the contrary appears.instrument. 45. he may indorse the instrument as therein described adding. Indorsement where name is misspelled. Where the name of a payee or indorsee is wrongly designated or misspelled. Sec. but the person indorsing specially is liable as indorser to only such holders as make title through his indorsement. and may be negotiated by either the indorsement of the bank or corporation or the indorsement of the officer. payable to bearer. Indorsement in representative capacity. all must indorse unless the one indorsing has authority to indorse for the others. . Sec.
(c) That he took it in good faith and for value. and the transferee acquires in addition. 50. payment. if such was the fact. subject to the provisions of this Act. . Right of holder to sue. and payment to him in due course discharges the instrument. IV. But for the purpose of determining whether the transferee is a holder in due course. . and without notice that it has been previously dishonored. RIGHTS OF THE HOLDER Sec. Sec. Transfer without indorsement. the transfer vests in the transferee such title as the transferor had therein.A holder in due course is a holder who has taken the instrument under the following conditions: (a) That it is complete and regular upon its face. effect of.Where an instrument is negotiated back to a prior party. the negotiation takes effect as of the time when the indorsement is actually made. What constitutes a holder in due course. Striking out indorsement.Sec. The indorser whose indorsement is struck out. such party may. are thereby relieved from liability on the instrument. Sec.The holder may at any time strike out any indorsement which is not necessary to his title. the right to have the indorsement of the transferor. . 49. 48. and all indorsers subsequent to him. But he is not entitled to enforce payment thereof against any intervening party to whom he was personally liable. 51.Where the holder of an instrument payable to his order transfers it for value without indorsing it. . reissue and further negotiable the same. When prior party may negotiate instrument. Sec. (b) That he became the holder of it before it was overdue. . 52. .The holder of a negotiable instrument may to sue thereon in his own name.
54. Rights of holder in due course. or under such circumstances as amount to a fraud.(d) That at the time it was negotiated to him. or for an illegal consideration. . 58. 55. 56. When person not deemed holder in due course. Sec. Sec. a negotiable instrument is subject to the same defenses as if it were non-negotiable. he will be deemed a holder in due course only to the extent of the amount therefore paid by him. and free from defenses available to prior parties among themselves. 53.Where an instrument payable on demand is negotiated on an unreasonable length of time after its issue. or any signature thereto. . What constitutes notice of defect. Sec. . the holder is not deemed a holder in due course. he had no notice of any infirmity in the instrument or defect in the title of the person negotiating it. 57. duress. and who is not himself a party to any fraud or illegality affecting the . When subject to original defense. by fraud. and may enforce payment of the instrument for the full amount thereof against all parties liable thereon. robles virtual law library Sec.A holder in due course holds the instrument free from any defect of title of prior parties. Sec. Notice before full amount is paid. the person to whom it is negotiated must have had actual knowledge of the infirmity or defect. .To constitutes notice of an infirmity in the instrument or defect in the title of the person negotiating the same. . or other unlawful means.In the hands of any holder other than a holder in due course. or knowledge of such facts that his action in taking the instrument amounted to bad faith. . When title defective.The title of a person who negotiates an instrument is defective within the meaning of this Act when he obtained the instrument. Sec. or force and fear. or when he negotiates it in breach of faith. But a holder who derives his title through a holder in due course.Where the transferee receives notice of any infirmity in the instrument or defect in the title of the person negotiating the same before he has paid the full amount agreed to be paid therefor.
61. the instrument will be accepted or paid. Liability of drawer. But the drawer may insert in the instrument an express stipulation negativing or limiting his own liability to the holder. 63. engages that he will pay it according to the tenor of his acceptance and admits: (a) The existence of the drawer.The drawer by drawing the instrument admits the existence of the payee and his then capacity to indorse. or both. but when it is shown that the title of any person who has negotiated the instrument was defective. Liability of maker.Every holder is deemed prima facie to be a holder in due course. Sec. Sec. Who is deemed holder in due course. When a person deemed indorser. according to its tenor. Sec. by accepting the instrument. has all the rights of such former holder in respect of all parties prior to the latter. V. Liability of acceptor. and his capacity and authority to draw the instrument. Sec. and (b) The existence of the payee and his then capacity to indorse. . . But the last-mentioned rule does not apply in favor of a party who became bound on the instrument prior to the acquisition of such defective title. .The acceptor. 62. by making it. drawer. the burden is on the holder to prove that he or some person under whom he claims acquired the title as holder in due course. .instrument.A person placing his signature upon an instrument otherwise than as maker. engages that he will pay it according to its tenor. and engages that. 60. and admits the existence of the payee and his then capacity to indorse. LIABILITIES OF PARTIES Sec. . and that if it be dishonored and the necessary proceedings on dishonor be duly taken. he will pay the amount thereof to the holder or to any subsequent indorser who may be compelled to pay it. . the genuineness of his signature. 59.The maker of a negotiable instrument. on due presentment.
not otherwise a party to an instrument. Sec. (b) (c) That That all he prior has parties a good had title to to it. (d) That he has no knowledge of any fact which would impair the validity of the instrument or render it valueless. 66.Where a person. (c) If he signs for the accommodation of the payee. he is liable as indorser. 64. 65.or acceptor. (b) If the instrument is payable to the order of the maker or drawer. Sec. Sec. in accordance with the following rules: (a) If the instrument is payable to the order of a third person. places thereon his signature in blank before delivery. or is payable to bearer. he is liable to the payee and to all subsequent parties. Liability of general indorser.Every indorser who . . The provisions of subdivision (c) of this section do not apply to a person negotiating public or corporation securities other than bills and notes. he is liable to all parties subsequent to the maker or drawer. — Every person negotiating an instrument by delivery or by a qualified indorsement warrants: (a) That the instrument is genuine and in all respects what it purports to be. he is liable to all parties subsequent to the payee. capacity contract. Liability of irregular indorser. Warranty where negotiation by delivery and so forth. But when the negotiation is by delivery only. the warranty extends in favor of no holder other than the immediate transferee. . is deemed to be indorser unless he clearly indicates by appropriate words his intention to be bound in some other capacity.
such ability and willingness are equivalent to a tender of payment upon his part. they have agreed otherwise. robles virtual law library Sec. in addition. as the case may be. and (b) That the instrument is. and (c) of the next preceding section. Sec. unless he discloses the name of his principal and the fact that he is acting only as agent. as between or among themselves. or both. or to any subsequent indorser who may be compelled to pay it.indorses without qualification. warrants to all subsequent holders in due course: (a) The matters and things mentioned in subdivisions (a). 69. according to its tenor.As respect one another. . he will pay the amount thereof to the holder. Sec. and that if it be dishonored and the necessary proceedings on dishonor be duly taken. Liability of an agent or broker. 67. Liability of indorser where paper negotiable by delivery. Order in which indorsers are liable. indorsers are liable prima facie in the order in which they indorse. payable at a special place. And. PRESENTATION FOR PAYMENT Sec. VI. Presentment for payment is not necessary in order to charge the person primarily liable on the instrument. it shall be accepted or paid. — Where a person places his indorsement on an instrument negotiable by delivery. he incurs all the liabilities prescribed by Section Sixty-five of this Act. at the time of his indorsement.Where a broker or other agent negotiates an instrument without indorsement. . but if the instrument is. valid and subsisting. 68. (b). But except . he incurs all the liability of an indorser. 70. he engages that. and he is able and willing to pay it there at maturity. on due presentment. by its terms. but evidence is admissible to show that. Effect of want of demand on principal debtor. Joint payees or joint indorsees who indorse are deemed to indorse jointly and severally.
Sec. . . presentment for payment is necessary in order to charge the drawer and indorsers. presentment must be made within a reasonable time after its issue. 73.Where the instrument is not payable on demand. (d) To the person primarily liable on the instrument. (b) Where no place of payment is specified but the address of the person to make payment is given in the instrument and it is there presented. (d) In any other case if presented to the person to make payment wherever he can be found.Presentment for payment is made at the proper place: (a) Where a place of payment is specified in the instrument and it is there presented. Sec. 72. or if he is absent or inaccessible. Presentment for payment. (b) (c) At At a a reasonable proper hour place on as a business herein day.as herein otherwise provided. Place of presentment. Where it is payable on demand. What constitutes a sufficient presentment. Sec. Presentment where instrument is not payable on demand and where payable on demand. except that in the case of a bill of exchange. (c) Where no place of payment is specified and no address is given and the instrument is presented at the usual place of business or residence of the person to make payment. to any person found at the place where the presentment is made. or by some person authorized to receive payment on his behalf. defined. . presentment must be made on the day it falls due. to be sufficient. 71. must be made: (a) By the holder. presentment for payment will be sufficient if made within a reasonable time after the last negotiation thereof. or if presented at his last known place of business or residence.
75. Sec. When delay in making presentment is excused. even though there has been a dissolution of the firm.Where the person primarily liable on the instrument is dead and no place of payment is specified. 80. presentment for payment may be made to any one of them. 79. Sec. Sec.Delay . unless the person to make payment has no funds there to meet it at any time during the day. with the exercise of reasonable diligence. not partners. presentment for payment must be made to his personal representative. . presentment must be made to them all. . 76. Presentment for payment is not required in order to charge the drawer where he has no right to expect or require that the drawee or acceptor will pay the instrument. Presentment where principal debtor is dead. When presentment not required to charge the drawer. 77. and if. Instrument must be exhibited. . he can be found. and when it is paid. . 81. Sec. in which case presentment at any hour before the bank is closed on that day is sufficient. 78. must be delivered up to the party paying it. primarily liable on the instrument and no place of payment is specified. Sec. Presentment is not required in order to charge an indorser where the instrument was made or accepted for his accommodation and he has no reason to expect that the instrument will be paid if presented.The instrument must be exhibited to the person from whom payment is demanded. Sec.Where the persons primarily liable on the instrument are liable as partners and no place of payment is specified. Sec.Sec. When presentment not required to charge the indorser. . . Presentment to joint debtors.Where the instrument is payable at a bank. if such there be. Presentment where instrument payable at bank.Where there are several persons. Presentment to persons liable as partners. presentment for payment must be made during banking hours. 74.
(b) Where the drawee is a fictitious person. after sight. the time of payment is determined by excluding the day from which the time is to begin to run. When instrument dishonored by non-payment. Sec. Sec. as required by this Act. Time. or negligence. Time of maturity. presentment must be made with reasonable diligence. after the exercise of reasonable diligence. Liability of person secondarily liable. Presentment for payment is excused: (a) Where. robles virtual law library Sec. When the cause of delay ceases to operate. 85. . misconduct. express or implied. .Subject to the provisions of this Act. an immediate right of recourse to all parties secondarily liable thereon accrues to the holder. (c) By waiver of presentment. 84. When presentment for payment is excused. 83. Sec. . or after that happening of a specified event. and by including . . Sec. When the day of maturity falls upon Sunday or a holiday. or (b) Presentment is excused and the instrument is overdue and unpaid. how computed. be presented for payment before twelve o'clock noon on Saturday when that entire day is not a holiday. the instruments falling due or becoming payable on Saturday are to be presented for payment on the next succeeding business day except that instruments payable on demand may. when instrument dishonored. 86. 82. at the option of the holder. presentment. when the instrument is dishonored by non-payment.Every negotiable instrument is payable at the time fixed therein without grace.When the instrument is payable at a fixed period after date.in making presentment for payment is excused when the delay is caused by circumstances beyond the control of the holder and not imputable to his default.The instrument is dishonored by non-payment when: (a) It is duly presented for payment and payment is refused or cannot be obtained. cannot be made.
Where the instrument is made payable at a bank. VII. 92. or by or on behalf of any party to the instrument who might be compelled to pay it to the holder. Sec. Rule where instrument payable at bank.Where notice is given by or on behalf of the holder. it inures to the benefit of all subsequent holders and all prior parties who have a right of recourse against the party to whom it is given. Sec.Payment is made in due course when it is made at or after the maturity of the payment to the holder thereof in good faith and without notice that his title is defective. 89. upon taking it up. By whom given. 93. 87. . Sec. To whom notice of dishonor must be given.The notice may be given by or on behalf of the holder. .Notice of dishonor may be given by any agent either in his own name or in the name of any party entitled to given notice. NOTICE OF DISHONOR Sec. Sec. . 91. it is equivalent to an order to the bank to pay the same for the account of the principal debtor thereon. and who.Except as herein otherwise provided. Sec. would have a right to reimbursement from the party to whom the notice is given. Where notice is given by or on behalf of a party entitled to give notice. notice of dishonor must be given to the drawer and to each indorser. . . chanrobles law . . when a negotiable instrument has been dishonored by non-acceptance or non-payment.the date of payment. whether that party be his principal or not. Sec. Effect where notice is given by party entitled thereto. Notice given by agent. and any drawer or indorser to whom such notice is not given is discharged. What constitutes payment in due course. 90. it inures to the benefit of the holder and all parties subsequent to the party to whom notice is given. 88. Effect of notice on behalf of holder.
A misdescription of the instrument does not vitiate the notice unless the party to whom the notice is given is in fact misled thereby. . if there be one. Sec. has himself the same time for giving notice as if the agent had been an independent holder. Notice to bankrupt. or has made an assignment for the .The notice may be in writing or merely oral and may be given in any terms which sufficiently identify the instrument. the notice must be given to a personal representative.Notice of dishonor may be given either to the party himself or to his agent in that behalf. and the principal.Where the parties to be notified are partners. Notice to persons jointly liable. 97. and indicate that it has been dishonored by nonacceptance or non-payment.Sec. he can be found. When notice sufficient. 94. and if with reasonable diligence. Notice to partners. notice to any one partner is notice to the firm. 100. or he may give notice to his principal. he may either himself give notice to the parties liable thereon. . even though there has been a dissolution.A written notice need not be signed and an insufficient written notice may be supplemented and validated by verbal communication. upon the receipt of such notice. 95. Sec. . If there be no personal representative. . Sec. Notice where party is dead.Notice to joint persons who are not partners must be given to each of them unless one of them has authority to receive such notice for the others. he must do so within the same time as if he were the holder. Sec. . 99. Sec. Form of notice. 96. When agent may give notice.Where the instrument has been dishonored in the hands of an agent.Where a party has been adjudged a bankrupt or an insolvent. Sec. 98. . It may in all cases be given by delivering it personally or through the mails. Sec.When any party is dead and his death is known to the party giving notice. notice may be sent to the last residence or last place of business of the deceased. If he gives notice to his principal. . 101. . To whom notice may be given.
Where parties reside in same place.Where the person giving and the person to receive notice reside in different places. it must be given before the usual hours of rest on the day following. or if there be no mail at a convenient hour on last day. Where parties reside in different places. must be given within the time fixed by this Act. 105. what constitutes. the sender is deemed to have given due notice. 106. Sec. (b) If given otherwise than through the post office. Deposit in post office. 102. then within the time that notice would have been received in due course of mail. (c) If sent by mail. it must be given before the close of business hours on the day following. Sec. . the notice must be given within the following times: (a) If sent by mail. . 104.Where the person giving and the person to receive notice reside in the same place. . notice may be given either to the party himself or to his trustee or assignee. . When sender deemed to have given due notice.Notice is deemed to have been deposited in the post-office when deposited in any branch post office or in any letter box under the control of the post-office department. (b) If given at his residence. . Sec. . Sec. it must be deposited in the post office in time to reach him in usual course on the day following. if it had been deposited in the post office within the time specified in the last subdivision. 103. notice must be given within the following times: (a) If given at the place of business of the person to receive notice. Time within which notice must be given. notwithstanding any miscarriage in the mails. by the next mail thereafter. Sec.Where notice of dishonor is duly addressed and deposited in the post office. unless delay is excused as hereinafter provided.benefit of creditors.Notice may be given as soon as the instrument is dishonored and. it must be deposited in the post office in time to go by mail the day following the day of dishonor.
107.Where a party receives notice of dishonor. though not sent in accordance with the requirement of this section. Notice to subsequent party. But where the notice is actually received by the party within the time specified in this Act. Sec. then the notice must be sent as follows: (a) Either to the post-office nearest to his place of residence or to the post-office where he is accustomed to receive his letters. . 112. it binds him only. Sec. 110. the same time for giving notice to antecedent parties that the holder has after the dishonor. . notice may be sent to either place. but. Sec. Sec. 108.Notice of dishonor may be waived either before the time of giving notice has arrived or after the omission to give due notice. notice may be sent to the place where he is so sojourning. where it is written above the signature of an indorser. .Where the waiver is embodied in the instrument itself. after the receipt of such notice. but if he has not given such address. is deemed to be a waiver not only of a formal protest but also of presentment and notice of dishonor. Waiver of notice. it cannot be given to or does not reach the parties sought to be . . it will be sufficient. he has.Sec. notice of dishonor must be sent to that address.Where a party has added an address to his signature. . 109. When notice is dispensed with. after the exercise of reasonable diligence. Waiver of protest. time of. or (b) If he lives in one place and has his place of business in another. Where notice must be sent. Sec. and the waiver may be expressed or implied. 111. Whom affected by waiver. or (c) If he is sojourning in another place.A waiver of protest.Notice of dishonor is dispensed with when. it is binding upon all parties. . whether in the case of a foreign bill of exchange or other negotiable instrument.
Where due notice of dishonor by non-acceptance has been given. and the indorser was aware of that fact at the time he indorsed the instrument. 113. notice of a subsequent dishonor by non-payment is not necessary unless in the meantime the instrument has been accepted. Sec. When notice need not be given to indorser. . 116. misconduct. .Notice of dishonor is not required to be given to the drawer in either of the following cases: (a) Where the drawer and drawee are the same person. When the cause of delay ceases to operate. 115. 114. notice must be given with reasonable diligence. (b) Where the indorser is the person to whom the instrument is presented for payment. how excused. Sec. When notice need not be given to drawer. (c) When the drawer is the person to whom the instrument is presented for payment. Notice of non-payment where acceptance refused. or negligence.charged. Delay in giving notice. (e) Where the drawer has countermanded payment. — Notice of dishonor is not required to be given to an indorser in either of the following cases: (a) When the drawee is a fictitious person or person not having capacity to contract.Delay in giving notice of dishonor is excused when the delay is caused by circumstances beyond the control of the holder and not imputable to his default. (c) Where the instrument was made or accepted for his accommodation. (b) When the drawee is fictitious person or a person not having capacity to contract. . Sec. (d) Where the drawer has no right to expect or require that the drawee or acceptor will honor the instrument. Sec.
A person secondarily liable on the instrument is discharged: (a) By any act which discharges the instrument. (e) When the principal debtor becomes the holder of the instrument at or after maturity in his own right.Sec. Instrument. Where any negotiable instrument has been dishonored. (c) By the discharge of a prior party. (b) By the intentional cancellation of his signature by the holder. 119. (b) By payment in due course by the party accommodated. but protest is not required except in the case of foreign bills of exchange. as the case may be.A negotiable instrument is discharged: (a) By payment in due course by or on behalf of the principal debtor. when must be made. An omission to give notice of dishonor by non-acceptance does not prejudice the rights of a holder in due course subsequent to the omission. 118. Sec. 120. (d) By a valid tender or payment made by a prior party. . When persons secondarily liable on the instrument are discharged. where the instrument is made or accepted for his accommodation. robles virtual law library VIII. . When protest need not be made. Effect of omission to give notice of non-acceptance. Sec. (c) By the intentional cancellation thereof by the holder. . (d) By any other act which will discharge a simple contract for the payment of money. DISCHARGE OF NEGOTIABLE INSTRUMENTS Sec. how discharged. 117. it may be protested for non-acceptance or non-payment.
Sec.Where a negotiable instrument is materially altered without the assent of all parties . . at. But a renunciation does not affect the rights of a holder in due course without notice. and (b) Where it was made or accepted for accommodation and has been paid by the party accommodated. 124. Sec. effect of. An absolute and unconditional renunciation of his rights against the principal debtor made at or after the maturity of the instrument discharges the instrument. or after its maturity. Right of party who discharges instrument. except: (a) Where it is payable to the order of a third person and has been paid by the drawer. the burden of proof lies on the party who alleges that the cancellation was made unintentionally or under a mistake or without authority. . but the party so paying it is remitted to his former rights as regard all prior parties.A cancellation made unintentionally or under a mistake or without the authority of the holder. . Sec. (f) By any agreement binding upon the holder to extend the time of payment or to postpone the holder's right to enforce the instrument unless made with the assent of the party secondarily liable or unless the right of recourse against such party is expressly reserved. is inoperative but where an instrument or any signature thereon appears to have been cancelled. Sec. .Where the instrument is paid by a party secondarily liable thereon. 121. burden of proof. it is not discharged. 122. 123.(e) By a release of the principal debtor unless the holder's right of recourse against the party secondarily liable is expressly reserved. and he may strike out his own and all subsequent indorsements and against negotiate the instrument. Renunciation by holder. Cancellation.The holder may expressly renounce his rights against any party to the instrument before. Alteration of instrument. A renunciation must be in writing unless the instrument is delivered up to the person primarily liable thereon. unintentional.
A bill of itself does not operate as an assignment of the funds in the hands of the drawee available for the payment thereof. . number (e) The medium or currency in which payment is to be made. either for principal or interest. (b) The sum payable.A bill of exchange is an unconditional order in writing addressed by one person to another. except as against a party who has himself made. 126. Bill not an assignment of funds in hands of drawee. Bill of exchange. is a material alteration. (c) (d) The The time or or the place relations of of the payment: parties. and the drawee is not liable on the bill unless and until he accepts the same. But when an instrument has been materially altered and is in the hands of a holder in due course not a party to the alteration.liable thereon. 125. . 127. Sec.Any alteration which changes: (a) The date. BILLS OF EXCHANGE IX. it is avoided. or any other change or addition which alters the effect of the instrument in any respect. or assented to the alteration and subsequent indorsers. he may enforce payment thereof according to its original tenor. . requiring the person to whom it is addressed to pay on demand or at a fixed or determinable future time a sum certain in money to order or to bearer. What constitutes a material alteration. . signed by the person giving it. FORM AND INTERPRETATION Sec. authorized. defined. Sec. (f) Or which adds a place of payment where no place of payment is specified.
When bill may be treated as promissory note. Inland and foreign bills of exchange. how made. or on its face purports to be. It is in the option of the holder to resort to the referee in case of need or not as he may see fit. Acceptance by separate instrument.Where an acceptance is written on a paper other than the bill itself. Unless the contrary appears on the face of the bill. Holder entitled to acceptance on face of bill. Any other bill is a foreign bill. in case the bill is dishonored by non-acceptance or non-payment. Sec. Sec. It must not express that the drawee will perform his promise by any other means than the payment of money.A bill may be addressed to two or more drawees jointly.The drawer of a bill and any indorser may insert thereon the name of a person to whom the holder may resort in case of need. . 133. . .Sec. if such request is refused. Bill addressed to more than one drawee. . 130. 129. .An inland bill of exchange is a bill which is. Sec. the holder may treat the instrument at his option either as a bill of exchange or as a promissory note. 128. it does not bind the acceptor except in favor of a person to whom it is . and. . The acceptance must be in writing and signed by the drawee. ACCEPTANCE Sec. . 131. both drawn and payable within the Philippines.Where in a bill the drawer and drawee are the same person or where the drawee is a fictitious person or a person not having capacity to contract. Sec. may treat the bill as dishonored. the holder may treat it as an inland bill. Sec. Referee in case of need. whether they are partners or not. 134. by and so forth.The holder of a bill presenting the same for acceptance may require that the acceptance be written on the bill. 132. that is to say. Such person is called a referee in case of need. Acceptance. but not to two or more drawees in the alternative or in succession. X.The acceptance of a bill is the signification by the drawee of his assent to the order of the drawer.
A qualified acceptance in express terms varies the effect of the bill as drawn.The drawee is allowed twenty-four hours after presentment in which to decide whether or not he will accept the bill. 139. . . A general acceptance assents without qualification to the order of the drawer. . What constitutes a general acceptance. Sec. Sec. Sec. receives the bill for value.An acceptance to pay at a particular place is a general acceptance unless it expressly states that the bill is to be paid there only and not elsewhere. Time allowed drawee to accept. the holder. when equivalent to acceptance. Kinds of acceptance. on the faith thereof. .shown and who. or after it has been dishonored by a previous refusal to accept. . Sec. 138. Sec.An unconditional promise in writing to accept a bill before it is drawn is deemed an actual acceptance in favor of every person who. Acceptance of incomplete bill. 137. 135. or when it is overdue. Promise to accept. if given. or by non payment. is entitled to have the bill accepted as of the date of the first presentment. 141. Sec. Sec. dates as of the day of presentation. or while otherwise incomplete.Where a drawee to whom a bill is delivered for acceptance destroys the same. the acceptance. 140.A bill may be accepted before it has been signed by the drawer. .An acceptance is either general or qualified. Liability of drawee returning or destroying bill. to return the bill accepted or non-accepted to the holder. Qualified acceptance. receives the bill for value. or refuses within twenty-four hours after such delivery or within such other period as the holder may allow. But when a bill payable after sight is dishonored by non-acceptance and the drawee subsequently accepts it. in the absence of any different agreement. 136. he will be deemed to have accepted the same. .An acceptance is qualified which is: . upon the faith thereof.
or subsequently assent thereto.The holder may refuse to take a qualified acceptance and if he does not obtain an unqualified acceptance. Rights of parties as to qualified acceptance. XI. that is to say. (c) Local. he must. PRESENTMENT FOR ACCEPTANCE Sec. 142. . (d) Qualified as to time. an acceptance to pay only at a particular place. which makes payment by the acceptor dependent on the fulfillment of a condition therein stated. that is to say. within a reasonable time.(a) Conditional. the drawer and indorsers are discharged from liability on the bill unless they have expressly or impliedly authorized the holder to take a qualified acceptance. . Where a qualified acceptance is taken. that is to say. an acceptance to pay part only of the amount for which the bill is drawn. or (c) Where the bill is drawn payable elsewhere than at the residence or place of business of the drawee. Sec. where presentment for acceptance is necessary in order to fix the maturity of the instrument. or in any other case. Presentment for acceptance must be made: (a) Where the bill is payable after sight. (b) Partial. In no other case is presentment for acceptance necessary in order to render any party to the bill liable. When the drawer or an indorser receives notice of a qualified acceptance. or (b) Where the bill expressly stipulates that it shall be presented for acceptance. 143. one or more of the drawees but not of all. express his dissent to the holder or he will be deemed to have assented thereto. When presentment for acceptance must be made. (e) The acceptance of some. he may treat the bill as dishonored by non-acceptance.
to the drawee or some person authorized to accept or refuse acceptance on his behalf. and (a) Where a bill is addressed to two or more drawees who are not partners.Presentment for acceptance must be made by or on behalf of the holder at a reasonable hour. . When Saturday is not otherwise a holiday. . presentment may be made to him or to his trustee or assignee. Sec.Where the holder of a bill drawn payable elsewhere than at the place of business or the residence of the drawee has no time. 147.Sec. on a business day and before the bill is overdue. Presentment. .A bill may be presented for acceptance on any day on which negotiable instruments may be presented for payment under the provisions of Sections seventy-two and eighty-five of this Act. 145. If he fails to do so. 146. to present the bill for acceptance before presenting it for payment on the day that it falls due. in which case presentment may be made to him only. how made. 144. presentment may be made to his personal representative. the holder of a bill which is required by the next preceding section to be presented for acceptance must either present it for acceptance or negotiate it within a reasonable time. . the delay caused by presenting the bill for acceptance before presenting it for payment is excused and does not discharge the drawers and indorsers. presentment must be made to them all unless one has authority to accept or refuse acceptance for all. Sec.Except as herein otherwise provided. Sec. with the exercise of reasonable diligence. Presentment where time is insufficient. presentment for acceptance may be made before twelve o'clock noon on that day. the drawer and all indorsers are discharged. (c) Where the drawee has been adjudged a bankrupt or an insolvent or has made an assignment for the benefit of creditors. . (b) Where the drawee is dead. When failure to present releases drawer and indorser. On what days presentment may be made.
(b) Where. an immediate right of recourse against the drawer and indorsers accrues to the holder and no presentment for payment is necessary. . When dishonored by nonacceptance. or has absconded. Where a bill does not appear on its face to be a foreign bill.Sec. PROTEST Sec. If it is not so protested. or is a fictitious person or a person not having capacity to contract by bill. . the drawer and indorsers are discharged. . Where presentment is excused. it must be duly protested for nonpayment. . the person presenting it must treat the bill as dishonored by nonacceptance or he loses the right of recourse against the drawer and indorsers. 148.Where a bill is duly presented for acceptance and is not accepted within the prescribed time. protest thereof in case of dishonor is unnecessary. or (b) When presentment for acceptance is excused and the bill is not accepted.Where a foreign bill appearing on its face to be such is dishonored by nonacceptance.A bill is dishonored by non-acceptance: (a) When it is duly presented for acceptance and such an acceptance as is prescribed by this Act is refused or can not be obtained. Duty of holder where bill not accepted. by nonacceptance is dishonored and where such a bill which has not previously been dishonored by nonpayment. XII. 152. 151. 150. Sec. . after presentment the exercise of can not reasonable be diligence. 149. although presentment has been irregular.Presentment for acceptance is excused and a bill may be treated as dishonored by non-acceptance in either of the following cases: (a) Where the drawee is dead. made. it must be duly protested for nonacceptance. (c) Where. Rights of holder where bill not accepted. Sec. acceptance has been refused on some other ground.When a bill is dishonored by nonacceptance. . Sec. In what cases protest necessary.
(c) The cause or reason for protesting the bill. and no further presentment for payment to. except that when a bill drawn payable at the place of business or residence of some person other than the drawee has been dishonored by nonacceptance. Protest both for non-acceptance and non-payment. Protest. where made.When a bill is protested.A bill must be protested at the place where it is dishonored. by whom made. and must be under the hand and seal of the notary making it and must specify: (a) The time and place of presentment. 155. Sec.The protest must be annexed to the bill or must contain a copy thereof.Sec. in the presence of two or more credible witnesses. if any. or (b) By any respectable resident of the place where the bill is dishonored. Sec. Where the acceptor has been adjudged a bankrupt or an insolvent or has made an assignment for the benefit of creditors before the bill matures. . 157. Protest. Protest. Protest before maturity where acceptor insolvent. or the fact that the drawee or acceptor could not be found. 156. or demand on. when to be made. 153. the drawee is necessary. Sec. such protest must be made on the day of its dishonor unless delay is excused as herein provided. it must be protested for non-payment at the place where it is expressed to be payable.Protest may be made by: (a) A notary public. (b) The fact that presentment was made and the manner thereof. 158.A bill which has been protested for non-acceptance may be subsequently protested for non-payment. the holder may cause the bill to be protested for . When a bill has been duly noted. how made. Protest. Sec. (d) The demand made and the answer given. Sec. 154. . the protest may be subsequently extended as of the date of the noting. . . .
. Acceptance for honor. with the consent of the holder. chanrobles law Sec. . misconduct. Delay in noting or protesting is excused when delay is caused by circumstances beyond the control of the holder and not imputable to his default. 160. the bill must be noted or protested with reasonable diligence. intervene and accept the bill supra protest for the honor of any party liable thereon or for the honor of the person for whose account the bill is drawn.When a bill of exchange has been protested for dishonor by non-acceptance or protested for better security and is not overdue.When a bill is lost or destroyed or is wrongly detained from the person entitled to hold it. 159. Protest where bill is lost and so forth. Liability of the acceptor for honor. The acceptance for honor may be for part only of the sum for which the bill is drawn. there may be a further acceptance by a different person for the honor of another party. and where there has been an acceptance for honor for one party. 164. Sec.The acceptor for honor is liable to the holder and to all parties to the bill . XIII. robles virtual law library Sec. protest may be made on a copy or written particulars thereof. . it is deemed to be an acceptance for the honor of the drawer. When the cause of delay ceases to operate. Sec. 162.Protest is dispensed with by any circumstances which would dispense with notice of dishonor. . or negligence. When protest dispensed with. any person not being a party already liable thereon may. how made.Where an acceptance for honor does not expressly state for whose honor it is made.better security against the drawer and indorsers. . 161. When bill may be accepted for honor. . Sec.An acceptance for honor supra protest must be in writing and indicate that it is an acceptance for honor and must be signed by the acceptor for honor. When deemed to be an acceptance for honor of the drawer. 163. ACCEPTANCE FOR HONOR Sec.
it must be protested for non-payment by him. how made.The acceptor for honor.When the bill is dishonored by the acceptor for honor. When delay in making presentment is excused. its maturity is calculated from the date of the noting for nonacceptance and not from the date of the acceptance for honor. on due presentment. XIV. Presentment for payment to acceptor for honor. Sec. by such acceptance. Protest of bill accepted for honor. Sec. Sec.Where a dishonored bill has been accepted for honor supra protest or contains a referee in case of need. . (b) If it is to be presented in some other place than the place where it was protested. and so forth. Maturity of bill payable after sight. engages that he will. . accepted for honor. .The provisions of Section eighty-one apply where there is delay in making presentment to the acceptor for honor or referee in case of need. .Presentment for payment to the acceptor for honor must be made as follows: (a) If it is to be presented in the place where the protest for non-payment was made.subsequent to the party for whose honor he has accepted. Sec. 166.Where a bill payable after sight is accepted for honor. it must be presented not later than the day following its maturity. 165. 170. it must be protested for nonpayment before it is presented for payment to the acceptor for honor or referee in case of need. . 167. 169. Agreement of acceptor for honor. PAYMENT FOR HONOR . pay the bill according to the terms of his acceptance provided it shall not have been paid by the drawee and provided also that is shall have been duly presented for payment and protested for non-payment and notice of dishonor given to him. then it must be forwarded within the time specified in Section one hundred and four. Sec. . 168. Dishonor of bill by acceptor for honor. Sec.
is entitled to receive both the bill itself and the protest. Declaration before payment for honor. XV. BILLS IN SET . Sec. 171. Preference of parties offering to pay for honor. how made. any person may intervene and pay it supra protest for the honor of any person liable thereon or for the honor of the person for whose account it was drawn. must be attested by a notarial act of honor which may be appended to the protest or form an extension to it. he loses his right of recourse against any party who would have been discharged by such payment. . 175. 173. 174.Sec.The payer for honor. . Payment for honor. Effect on subsequent parties where bill is paid for honor. in order to operate as such and not as a mere voluntary payment.Where a bill has been paid for honor. . . Sec. Sec. on paying to the holder the amount of the bill and the notarial expenses incidental to its dishonor. Sec. Sec. 172. 176.Where the holder of a bill refuses to receive payment supra protest. both the rights and duties of the holder as regards the party for whose honor he pays and all parties liable to the latter. Who may make payment for honor. and succeeds to. Rights of payer for honor. all parties subsequent to the party for whose honor it is paid are discharged but the payer for honor is subrogated for. 177.The notarial act of honor must be founded on a declaration made by the payer for honor or by his agent in that behalf declaring his intention to pay the bill for honor and for whose honor he pays.Where a bill has been protested for non-payment. Sec. .Where two or more persons offer to pay a bill for the honor of different parties. the person whose payment will discharge most parties to the bill is to be given the preference. . Where holder refuses to receive payment supra protest.The payment for honor supra protest. .
the true owner of the bill. Sec. . Sec. Sec. Effect of discharging one of a set.A negotiable promissory note within the meaning of this Act is an unconditional promise in writing made by one person to another. But nothing in this section affects the right of a person who. . as if such parts were separate bills.When the acceptor of a bill drawn in a set pays it without requiring the part bearing his acceptance to be delivered up to him.Where the holder of a set indorses two or more parts to different persons he is liable on every such part. he is liable to the holder thereon. . Sec. and the part at maturity is outstanding in the hands of a holder in due course. . 180. 182. and every indorser subsequent to him is liable on the part he has himself indorsed.Except as herein otherwise provided. If the drawee accepts more than one part and such accepted parts negotiated to different holders in due course. where any one part of a bill drawn in a set is discharged by payment or otherwise. Acceptance of bill drawn in sets. accepts or pays the parts first presented to him. . 179. PROMISSORY NOTES AND CHECKS Sec. Right of holders where different parts are negotiated.The acceptance may be written on any part and it must be written on one part only. in due course. . Where two or more parts of a set are negotiated to different holders in due course. he is liable on every such part as if it were a separate bill. 183. the whole bill is discharged. XVI. 184. Liability of holder who indorses two or more parts of a set to different persons. the whole of the parts constitutes one bill. Payment by acceptor of bills drawn in sets. defined. as between such holders. 181.Where a bill is drawn in a set. or at a fixed or determinable future . signed by the maker. the holder whose title first accrues is. engaging to pay on demand. Promissory note. Bills in set constitute one bill.Sec. Sec. each part of the set being numbered and containing a reference to the other parts. 178.
. . Sec. and the bank is not liable to the holder unless and until it accepts or certifies the check.A check is a bill of exchange drawn on a bank payable on demand. Effect where the holder of check procures it to be certified. Check. Definition and meaning of terms.Where a check is certified by the bank on which it is drawn. 189. defined. Sec. Within what time a check must be presented. . effect of. Sec. Where a note is drawn to the maker's own order.A check must be presented for payment within a reasonable time after its issue or the drawer will be discharged from liability thereon to the extent of the loss caused by the delay. . unless the contract otherwise requires: "Acceptance" means an acceptance completed by delivery or notification. 186.A check of itself does not operate as an assignment of any part of the funds to the credit of the drawer with the bank. Sec. 191. . Sec.This Act shall be known as the Negotiable Instruments Law. . XVII. "Action" includes counterclaim and set-off. a sum certain in money to order or to bearer. it is not complete until indorsed by him.In this Act. Short title. 187. . the drawer and all indorsers are discharged from liability thereon. the certification is equivalent to an acceptance. . When check operates as an assignment. 188. Certification of check. 185.time. GENERAL PROVISIONS Sec. Except as herein otherwise provided. the provisions of this Act applicable to a bill of exchange payable on demand apply to a check. Sec.Where the holder of a check procures it to be accepted or certified. 190.
. from one possession. and "note" means negotiable promissory note.The person "primarily" liable on an instrument is the person who. complete in form. by the terms of the instrument. Persons primarily liable on instrument. whether incorporated or not. person to actual or another. All other parties are "secondarily" liable. "Person" includes a body of persons.In determining what is a "reasonable time" regard is to be had to the nature of the instrument. 194. Sec. "Written" includes printed. "Indorsement" means delivery. is absolutely required to pay the same. "Delivery" means transfer of constructive. . and the facts of the particular case. "Bearer" means the person in possession of a bill or note which is payable to bearer. how computed. "Issue" means the first delivery of the instrument. whether incorporated or not. - ."Bank" includes any person or association of persons carrying on the business of banking. "Value" means valuable consideration. or the bearer thereof. Sec. Time. to a person who takes it as a holder. 193. the usage of trade or business with respect to such instruments. 192. "Bill" means bill of exchange. "Holder" means the payee or indorsee of a bill or note who is in possession of it. Sec. "Instrument" means an indorsement negotiable completed by instrument. Reasonable time. and "writing" includes print. what constitutes. when last day falls on holiday.
Sec. by the rules of the law merchant.Where the day. the act may be done on the next succeeding secular or business day. Cases not provided for in Act. . Repeals. 1911 . 196. . or the last day for doing any act herein required or permitted to be done falls on a Sunday or on a holiday.The provisions of this Act do not apply to negotiable instruments made and delivered prior to the taking effect hereof. Sec. 197.Any case not provided for in this Act shall be governed by the provisions of existing legislation or in default thereof. inconsistent with All acts and laws this Act are and parts thereof hereby repealed. . 195. 198. Sec. Time when Act takes effect. chanrobles law Sec.This Act shall take effect ninety days after its publication in the Official Gazette of the Philippine Islands shall have been completed. Enacted: February 3. Application of Act.
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Tuning House
An extreme makeover by Spanish architects Xpiral of a seaside house, including a woven facade and a kaleidoscopic patio with a tree trunk staircase. See more on collabcubed.
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subset: commoncrawl


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The Wild flew to Winnipeg on Friday morning and practiced in the afternoon at MTS Centre. Making a bit of a surprise appearance: goalie Niklas Backstrom and defenseman Keith Ballard, both of whom had been out with injuries.
Backstrom had missed the past four games because of a concussion. He took lots of pucks in practice, as he and Josh Harding got most of the work while Darcy Kuemper watched along the boards. Harding will start Saturday against Winnipeg, coach Mike Yeo said, but he liked what he saw from Backstrom.
"I would say I'm pleased and also happy to see the way he looked out there,'' Yeo said. "He looked quick, he looked slick, but it's one day, obviously, so we'll keep an eye going forward.''
Backstrom said he has been skating for a few days and felt "pretty good'' after his first full practice in more than a week. "We'll see how everything feels after this,'' he added.
Ballard had missed seven games because of an upper-body injury. Yeo said he doesn't anticipate Ballard playing Saturday, but he said Ballard has "come a long way'' in the past couple of days and that his status is now upgraded to day-to-day. Ballard has been skating on his own and said he just needs to get used to contact again.
Torrey Mitchell (lower body) is still not with the team but could rejoin it in St. Louis, where the Wild plays Monday.
Other notes from practice:
--Matt Dumba will stay in the lineup. He was paired with Clayton Stoner in practice, and Yeo wants to give him a chance to play two in a row and establish some rhythm. "I liked his game in Ottawa,'' Yeo said. "Certainly when we're playing in high-pace games he helps us with his skating ability, he helps us with his execution and his puck movement. He's playing against a team that he's played a number of times already, including preseason, so hopefully that gives him a little bit of comfort there.''
--Mikael Granlund did not practice but was simply taking a day of rest.
--Ryan Suter came off the ice with a towel to his face, surprising Yeo, who was in the hallway talking to the media when his workhorse defenseman walked past. Suter was smiling and had just a small cut to his lip.
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- Custom Banner for Woodward Granger High School.
- Size: 30" x 40"
- Design reads correctly from both sides (2 Sided Banner)
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- Banner has a pole sleeve so it can be displayed on the wall or from your house Flagpole.
Item Number: WGHAwksBanner
Quantity Available: 0
Quantity On Order: 0
Availability: Out of Stock
Item Condition:  New


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The Mills House Wyndham Grand Hotel, Charleston
- Free WiFi
Main amenities
- 216 guestrooms
- Restaurant and 2 bars/lounges
- Outdoor pool
- Breakfast available
- Fitness center
- Valet parking
- Business center
- Childcare
- Terrace
- 24-hour front desk
- Air conditioning
- Daily housekeeping
What's around
- In Historic Charleston
- College of Charleston (0.8 mi / 1.2 km)
- Gibbes Museum of Art (0.1 mi / 0.1 km)
- Circular Congregational Church (0.1 mi / 0.1 km)
- St. Michael's Episcopal Church (0.1 mi / 0.1 km)
- Washington Square (0.1 mi / 0.2 km)
The Mills House Wyndham Grand Hotel, Charleston
Hotel Info: 866-539-8117from $179
- Standard Room, 1 King Bed
- Standard Room, 2 Double Beds, City View
- Group Rate
- Standard Room, 1 King Bed, City View
- Junior Suite, 1 King Bed
- One King Bed Poolview Nonsmoking
- 1 King Bd Corner Rm With View Nonsmoking
- One King Bed View Room Nonsmoking
- Standard Room, 2 Double Beds
- Two Double Beds View Room Nonsmoking
- Two Double Beds Poolview Nonsmoking
- Room, 1 King Bed, Poolside
- Room, 2 Double Beds, Poolside
- Room, 1 King Bed, Corner
- Room, 2 Double Beds, Balcony
- Junior Suite, 1 King Bed, Accessible
- Room, 1 King Bed, Accessible
- One King Bed Non Smoking
- Two Double Beds With Balcony Nonsmoking
- One King Bed Poolside Nonsmoking
- Junior Suite
- Standard Room Nonsmoking
- Two Double Beds Nonsmoking
Also popular with travelers from the USA
At a glance
Key facts
Hotel size
- This hotel has 216 rooms
- This hotel is arranged over 7 floors
- Check-in time 3 PM-3 AM
- Check-out time is 11 AM
- Express check-in
Required at check in
- Credit card or cash deposit required
- Government-issued photo ID required
Travelling with others
- Up to 2 children (12 years old and younger) stay free when occupying the parent or guardian's room, using existing bedding
- No cribs (infant beds)
- Babysitting/childcare *
- Pets not allowed
- Free WiFi in public areas
- Free WiFi in rooms
- Valet parking *
Nearby Four Star Charleston hotels
In the hotel
- Full breakfast daily (surcharge)
- 2 bars/lounges
- Restaurant
- Room service (during limited hours)
- Outdoor seasonal pool
- Outdoor pool
- Fitness facilities
- Golfing nearby
- Business center
- Number of meeting rooms - 4
- Conference space
- Meeting rooms 8
- Conference space size (feet) - 3600
- Conference space size (meters) - 334
- 24-hour front desk
- Concierge services
- Dry cleaning/laundry service
- Free newspapers in lobby
- Luggage storage
- Multilingual staff
- Porter/bellhop
- Elevator/lift
- Safe-deposit box at front desk
- Terrace
- Accessible bathroom
- In-room accessibility
- Roll-in shower
In the room
- In-room climate control (air conditioning)
- Air conditioning
- Coffee/tea maker
- Iron/ironing board
- Turndown service
- Hair dryer
- Pay movies
- Premium TV channels
- Desk
- Free newspaper
- Free WiFi
- Daily housekeeping
- In-room safe
Top Charleston hotels
Recently reviewed hotels in Charleston
- Sleep Inn CharlestonFrom
"I did like the pool and the food was delicious!!! The room was a little too small but not bad"Jul 25, 2016
- Hyatt Place Charleston/Historic DistrictFrom
"The hotel staff are amazing. Everyone was very friendly and helpful. Especially Stanley! Andre was very good as well. Hotel is close to trolley stop which was convenient."Jul 25, 2016
- Wild Dunes Resort By Destination HotelsFrom
"Easy check in. Family had a lovely time. Needed more than 3 nights to see and do all that we really wanted to do, but made the most with time that we had."Jul 25, 2016
- Hampton Inn Charleston NorthFrom
"Comfy beds,soft chairs,awesome breakfast, and great quality.one of the best inns I have ever been to."Jul 25, 2016
Nearby hotels
The Mills House Wyndham Grand Hotel, Charleston's small print
Also known as
- Hotel Mills
- Wyndham Mills House
- Mills Charleston
- Mill House Hotel Charleston
- Mills House Hotel
- Mill House Charleston Sc
- Mills House
- Mills House Wyndham
- Mills House Wyndham Grand
- Mills House Wyndham Grand Charleston
- Mills House Wyndham Grand Hotel
- Mills House Wyndham Grand Hotel Charleston
- Mills House Wyndham Hotel
- Wyndham Mills
Optional extras
Self parking costs USD 20.00 per day
Valet parking costs USD 32.00 per day with in/out privileges
Breakfast costs between USD 10 and USD 20 per person (approximately)
Babysitting/childcare is available for an extra charge
We have included all charges provided to us by this hotel. However, charges can vary, for example, based on length of stay or the room you book.
Recent reviews
Excellent 4.4 /5 from 569 reviews
Small cramped rooms with outdated fixtures. Rude staff. Definitely not a luxurious hotel. I would rather stay in a "3 star" hotel and drive to downtown. You have to pay for parking in both cases anyways.
The rooms need work. We stayed in a room with a king and rollaway bed for our child one night. It had paint chips hanging from the ceiling. We switched to a room with two double beds. The dresser was broken and the bottom drawer wouldn't close completely. The location is great, the pool is refreshing, the concierge was very helpful.
Pool was a little filmy. Noticably in the corners.
Nice room. Bed was great! Have to say it was really noisy and we didn't sleep much. It is beautiful hotel and the service is outstanding, but the noise level was high. The staff was great and housekeeping was great.
We spent one night in Charleston on a family vacation and really enjoyed our stay. It was easy walking distance for us (8- and 4-year-old) to shops, restaurants, and the waterfront. The service was excellent - friendly, helpful, and efficient. We enjoyed the pool with our kids, a complimentary glass of champagne, and a comfortable room. We would stay here again.
Is the description of this hotel not correct? Tell us


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The English Test
All possible test results
You are a goddamn idiot! Read a book! Read more
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Maybe another book or two and you could sound pretty intelligent. Read more
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Recent Results
exploringch39 / m / Straight
exploringch39 / m / Straight
exploringch39 / m / Straight
exploringch39 / m / Straight
exploringch39 / m / Straight
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- Anglo
- Job Board
Search for engineering jobs in the UK.
Senior Data Analyst3653/1209 21.07.2016
- Anglo Technical Recruitment , UK, South East, Berkshire, Reading
- from £35,000 to £45,000 per year, Full time, Permanent
Primary purpose of role; This senior reporting analyst role will form part of the eight2O Performance & Reporting team, which is part of the eight2O Programme Controls function. The team is overall accountable for managing the collation and reporting of eight2O's contract performance, at monthly, quarterly and yearly intervals. Job Description • Optimising and improving existing eight2O performance and reporting functions and processes. To support and proactively identify
Data Analyst3653/410 21.07.2016
- Anglo Technical Recruitment , UK, South East, Berkshire, Reading
- from £20 to £25 per hour, Full time, Contract
We believe growing a great engineering, consulting and construction services company happens from the inside out. We look for people who are drawn to use every talent they possess, plus imagination, determination and a drive to do the extraordinary. We believe that building a great career is as important as Building a Better World. If working on the best water and natural resources projects around the world, building on your talents through a premier knowledge-sharing culture, and
Commissioning Manager1155/74 Today
- Anglo Technical Recruitment, UK, South West
- £400+ per day, Full time, Contract
Commissioning Manager, South South West Thames water region • Previous experience at Commissioning management level in UK water industry with strong recent water industry references Previous water / waste water industry experience is essential.
Commissioning Engineer1155/73 Today
- Anglo Technical Recruitment, UK, London
- £320+ per day, Full time, Contract
EICA /Commissioning engineer; West London HNC minimum required, preferably an electrical engineer with min 5 years exp in waste water process contracting with commissioning engineering experience. Longterm contract on Thames water projects • Experience of wastewater processes • With an electrical biase • Hands on capability covering drive, general instrumentation (flow/level/process instrumentation etc.)instruments etc dry commissioning, problem solving • Confident working
- Anglo Technical Recruitment, UK, East of England, Essex, Chelmsford
- from £28,000 to £32,000 per year, Full time, Permanent
Refrigeration Engineer – Essex – to £32k + overtime and benefits Our client is an industry leader in the commercial refrigeration and air conditioning field, who since their foundation, have gone from strength to strength and now provide nationwide coverage. They are now looking for a time served refrigeration engineer to cover the Essex and Cambridgeshire areas, with occasional visits to London. As the refrigeration engineer you will be performing planned and reactive service works;
Javascript Developer/Engineer99021/31940 Today
- Anglo Technical Recruitment, UK, South East, Surrey, Staines
- Negotiable, Full time, Contract
Working as a front end engineer on one of our core agile product teams, you will own the technical implementation of features for your product Ensuring a high level of automated test coverage so we can iterate quickly and effectively. Shaping the evolution of your product by looking at customer feedback, analytics, trends and opportunities along with the rest of your product team Reviewing code and technical designs from your peer developers Sharing development best practices and ideas
Smart Governance Manager (PMO)99021/31567 Today
- Anglo Technical Recruitment, UK, East Midlands, Leicestershire, Leicester
- from £25,000 to £34,000 per year, Full time, Contract
Location: Leicester (LE19 1SZ) with regular travel to Oxford By 2020 all UK homes and businesses are mandated to have Smart meters installed. BGB has led the non domestic market in delivery of AMR and Smart meter technology to its business customers, installing over 400k meters since 2006. From 2016 – 2020 all UK energy suppliers will be legally mandated to complete this roll out to their remaining Electricity and Gas customers, for BGB (UK Business) this means installing and operating a
Finance Manager - Business Services99021/32226 Today
- Anglo Technical Recruitment, UK, Yorkshire and the Humber, South Yorkshire, Rotherham
- to £75,000 per year, Full time, Contract
Reporting to the Head of Finance, this is a key role within UK Business Services, providing clear financial performance understanding, and partnering business leads to ensure informed decisions made, to support business transformation and growth plans. The role is responsible for: Provide strong financial leadership and support to UK Business Services leadership team Partner Business Services to drive performance metrics which improve services Provide commercial & financial input into
Senior Capital Modeller99021/32236 Today
- Anglo Technical Recruitment, UK, South East, Surrey, Staines
- Negotiable, Full time, Permanent
We have an exciting opportunity for a Senior Capital Modeller to join our British Gas Insurance business arm. British Gas Insurance is one of the largest UK insurance groups, which includes a significant intermediary business and a medium-sized credit broking operation. In this role you will be maintaining and developing the Capital Model of British Gas Insurance in line with business need and PRA regulatory requirements (Solvency II), providing Capital and Earnings impacts assessments of BGI
- British Gas, UK, Yorkshire and the Humber, South Yorkshire, Rotherham
- Negotiable, Full time, Permanent
This role is pivotal to deliver our new planning strategy and gain more control of our workload management The planner will manage and monitor our forecasting tool to enable us to create an effectively planned schedule for future dated works The planner will create great relationships with our field leadership team to ensure correct levels of capacity are available for our customers Drive others to understand our prioritisation of work types to deliver an excellent customer service The
Find a new engineering job in the UK with Anglo Technical Recruitment. Browse permanent or temporary roles including jobs in IT, water, construction, building services, process, civil, and energy sectors.


text: UK Couple Says "I Do" In Ogre CostumesKaty Kelleher5/11/10 11:20amFiled to: It aint easy being greenShrekWeddingsHells BellsThemed weddingsNonplimentsShrek weddings57EditInvite manuallyPromoteDismissUndismissHideShare to KinjaToggle Conversation toolsGo to permalink Viv and Tracey Williams claim friends often told them how much they resembled Shrek and Fiona. In response to the underminer-y compliment, they planned an ogre-themed wedding. This is the second such event - will three make a trend? [UPI]Reply57 repliesLeave a reply


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American Idol's Adam Lambert seems to be having a pretty good run as runner up.
In addition to premiering his awesome "split personality" video for his single "Better than I Know Myself" from his album Trespassing (set to be released March 20th), he has confirmed that he will be going on tour this summer with legendary rock band [lastfm link_type="artist_info"]Queen[/lastfm].
Though no one can ever replace Freddie Mercury, Lambert's pipes could be the closest to him.
[photogallerylink id=71747]
"After the EMAs, I heard faint little slithers of a backlash from people saying, 'You can't replace Freddie Mercury.' But I already knew that. There's no intention in my mind of replacing Freddie. That's impossible. The way I'm choosing to view it is that it's a great honor and one I'm in no way going to shirk," Lambert says, humbly.
Adam first appeared with Queen during season eight of American Idol and performed the famous hit "We are the Champions." During this time drummer Roger Taylor and guitarist Brian May had been looking for a new lead singer. Paul Rodgers had been their lead singer from 2004-2009 in a new rendition of the band called Queen + Paul Rodgers.
Back in December, drummer Roger Taylor spoke highly of Lambert in an interview with Rolling Stone. "He has grown into a really great performer with an astonishing voice with a range that's great. We would like to work with him again. There's nothing signed just yet but we're talking about live dates. It could be very exciting."
More from Adam Lambert on Fresh1027.com!
Exciting indeed, however, he wasn't the only pop star the rockers were considering. Lady Gaga, whose name "Gaga" is based off of Queen's single 'Radio Gaga' was also in the running for the lead position.
In the end however, Mr. Lambert prevailed and will be sharing the stage with one of rock music's greatest bands. "Being asked to front Queen is the best thing that can possibly happen."
Lambert is excited and humbled to pay homage to Freddie Mercury, who has been an inspiration in his own music career.
"The intention is to pay tribute to Freddie and the band by singing some f—ing great songs. It's to keep the music alive for the fans and give it an energy that Freddie would have been proud of," he shared.
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