text:
Manchester City midfielder Samir Nasri believes he has grown up over recent months and is ready to shine under Manuel Pellegrini.
The France international scored just two goals in 27 Premier League appearances last season.
And the 26-year-old has admitted he was not at his best throughout 2012-13 and needs to improve this time around.
"I have matured a great deal. I lost my way a bit last season, but I have found myself once again," he told The Sun.
Nasri was a second-half substitute for City in their 4-0 win over Newcastle United on Monday, scoring 13 minutes after replacing Sergio Aguero just after the hour mark.
While the formner Arsenal man will face plenty of competition for a place this season after the additions of Jesus Navas and Fernandinho, he is relishing the challenge of fighting for a starting berth under new boss Pellegrini.
"The competition for places at City doesn't frighten me, it makes me better," he added.
"I'm full of desire. I want to go to the World Cup and show everyone the real Samir Nasri.
"I've trained with this in mind. I'm much sharper and I feel better."
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Ash Wholes at the 68 AA Intersection:
Posted in the Maysville Forum
1 - 20 of 29 Comments Last updated Dec 20, 2012
#1 Dec 6, 2012
If you are coming from the east on the 2A and aren't turning toward downtown onto US 68 then don't get in the f'ing right lane. I was late for my meeting at the Country Club because some dolt was going to continue west, but had his little car in the right lane.
United States
#2 Dec 6, 2012
did u mean azz holes
#3 Dec 6, 2012
Then give yourself more time to get to where you're going. That lane is a straight and/or turning lane.
#4 Dec 6, 2012
Cut across Maple Leaf you tard!
#5 Dec 6, 2012
late for a meeting or late for a free meal? get a grip the free drinks will be there.
#6 Dec 7, 2012
I do not have time for interruptions. Very busy man.
#7 Dec 7, 2012
while your reason is pretty lame, i do agree. if you aren't turning right, why be in the far right lane? usually people LOVE to drive in the left lane so just stay over there and let people turn right on red!
#8 Dec 7, 2012
The whole intersection would be a lot better if there were right turn only lanes in each direction. Would be hard to do next to Hardees & Standard Quick Print.
#9 Dec 7, 2012
The most frustrating thing about this intersection is the way drivers dilly dally around when the light does turn green. This is a very busy intersection and you need to be paying attention and mash the gas just short of burning rubber the instant the light turns green and give your fellow motorists behind you a chance to get through, too. I have had to sit through two cycles of the light several times because the drivers in front of me will not giddy up go when the time comes. As long as they get through they don't care about anyone else. Come on, people, pay attention! Please.
#10 Dec 7, 2012
What I love is when the morons get in that lane to go straight WITH NO ONE AT ALL in the only straight lane. Ive had to sit through an entire cycle of lights just because someone couldnt take 5 seconds to get in the straight only lane. Learn to drive you morons!
If youre the only car at a stop light with two lanes... GET IN THE F'ING LEFT LANE. People act like their time is the only time that matters.
My fav idiots around here are the ones who rush to pull out infront of you from side streets (risking an accident to do so) just to go 10-15 mph under the speed limit when they get there!
#11 Dec 7, 2012
this happened to me the other day. i was driving down 68 by rite aid when an old man turned out of that subdivision right in front of me. except when he pulled out he took up both lanes!! like he straddled the slow and fast lanes right in the middle so there was nowhere for me to go. thank god there was the turn lane for me to whip around him. i love old people but i've noticed they seem to have depth perception problems when driving. they think you are farther away than you really are so they go ahead and pull out right in front of you. i think once you reach a certain age you should have to pass some sort of physical/driving test every 2-3 years for your own safety and others!
#12 Dec 7, 2012
I love the ones that pull right out in front of you, travel 100 ft. and make a turn. Really!! Could you not wait 5 seconds and get behind me since you're going to make a turn anyway?
#13 Dec 7, 2012
Sonny, I don't remember you being in such a god dned hurry to storm the beaches at Normandy! You lil young whippersnappers need to learn to respect your elders. We blue hairs have our own pace and guess what? We GD earned it. You young piecing wearing heathens need to be thankful we let you drive, always hurrying to get to your next drug deal, orgy or unemployment check.
#14 Dec 7, 2012
I totally agree with the OP. I say put Standard Quick Print in a new location, tear down that old building and somehow put in a right turn lane.
#15 Dec 7, 2012
I generally get in the left lane. However, if I am turning into Speedway then I will get in the right lane. It is safer because you can't always get back into the right lane safely when the light turns.
#16 Dec 10, 2012
what? what direction are you coming from if you are turning right into speedway? you have to be coming from the arby's direction so obviously you would have to be in the right lane to turn right! i'm talking about people who are going STRAIGHT through the AA/68 intersection who for some reason have to get in the right lane therefore blocking everyone behind them who want to turn right on red. another thing that's absolutely stupid is people who want to turn LEFT into speedway or hardee's and instead of getting into the TURN lane, they STOP in the left lane and just sit there. so you are going through the light like you are supposed to and then BAM you have to slam on your brakes to stop for an idiot who doesn't know how to use the turn lane!!!
#17 Dec 10, 2012
NO, I obviously am not coming from the Arby's direction. I turn between McFarlands/Ponderosa and go to Speedway.
#18 Dec 10, 2012
well then you would be turning RIGHT into McFarland's/Ponderosa to drive through parking lots to get to Speedway! Plus, if you were in the left lane going straight through that light there is plenty of time for even a half-way decent driver to make a lane change to turn into McFarland's/Ponderosa. people are so scared of changing lanes it's ridiculous!
#19 Dec 10, 2012
Ok Jackass, I said I got in the right lane when I am going to Speedway. I choose to get in the right lane because that is what I want to do, and I will continue to do it. Like I said earlier, if you are in such a damn hurry to get to the country club leave in plenty of time to get yourself there on time. Get over yourself. It's a free country, and that lane is designated to turn or go straight. Therefore, I will continue to do either as I choose and there's not a thing you can do about it.
#20 Dec 10, 2012
Wow, this is the dumbest complaint ever. Ill never get these 10 secs back.
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The Maddox Brothers & Rose Live on the Radio: Excerpts from 1953 Radio Broadcasts (2-CD)
LOW STOCK: Only 2 copies left
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- by Rose Maddox ~ $35 and a Dream ~ $15.28
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- by Rose Maddox ~ This Is Rose Maddox ~ $9.88
CD Details
- Released: August 18, 1998
- Label: Arhoolie Records
- 1.Kaw-Liga
- 2.Peter Cottontail
- 3.New Step It Up And Go
- 4.Honky Tonkin'
- 5.I'm An Old, Old Man
- 6.Un-Huh, Honey
- 7.Pretty Little Dedon
- 8.Let's Walk That-A-Way, Not This-A-Way
- 9.Take My Hand Precious Lord
- 10.On Mexico's Beautiful Shores
- 11.Mr. Know It All (Young Girl Of 22)
- 12.There's A Rainbow In Every Teardrop
- 13.You Gotta Have A License
- 14.Waterbaby Blues
- 15.John Henry
- 16.Mr. Know It All (Daughter Is 16 years Old)
- 17.When God Dips His Love In My Heart
- 18.My Bucket's Got A Hole In It
- 19.Beautiful Louisiana
- 20.Rub-A-Dub-Dub
- 21.Wake Up Irene
- 22.It's Been So Long
- 23.Mr. Know It All (Fox Tail Jacket)
- 24.I Gotta Have Some Lovin'
- 25.Shot Gun Boogie
- 26.Why Do You Weep, Dear Willow?
- 27.Mr. Know It All (Affectionate Neighbors)
- 28.Red Ball To Natchez, Mississippi
- 29.Mule Skinner Blues
- 30.Silent Night, Holy Night
- 31.Mr. Know It All (Been Away From Home)
- 32.Girl I Love Don't Pay Me No Mind
- 33.Sweet Mama, Tree Top Tall
- 34.When The Angels Carry Me Home
- 35.Mr. Know It All (I Need A Wife)
- 36.Dim Lights, Thick Smoke And Loud, Loud Music
- 37.Wait A Little Longer
- 38.Is He Satisfied
Product Description:
Liner Note Author: Chris Strachwitz.
Recording information: KTLA-TV (03/29/1953/07/24/1953); KXLA Radio Station, Pasadena, CA (03/29/1953/07/24/1953).
Recorded from radio broadcasts on KXLA in Pasadena, California in 1953 (there are also a couple of tunes from a television program from that year), the fidelity on these isn't so hot. That's understandable; they were recorded by a teenager using early-'50s technology, after all, with no eye for professional release. As was already demonstrated by other radio performance collections of the groups on Arhoolie, the Maddoxes had a large repertoire and enjoyed using their radio time to cover everything from novelties to boogies to spirituals to classics like "Mule Skinner Blues" and "Silent Night, Holy Night." Their exuberance is unfailing, though as the sound is lo-fi and the presentation riddled with corny jokes and short skits from the band members, it's not a suitable introduction to their significant body of music. That observation, and the low rating assigned to the album, should not be taken to mean it's not a worthwhile release for Maddox Brothers fans. The performances are good, there's much historical interest in hearing the band in a live-ish setting, and with 74 minutes of material (including, minus the skits, about 30 songs), it's decent value for the money. ~ Richie Unterberger
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The food and prices were excellent we would definitely eat here again. I chose the curried lamb shank, a big change from lamb Henry! It came with potatoes and was delicious. Bar prices not too bad either. Really recommended.
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19 July 2013 at 2:56 PM
Aimee Teegarden & Matt Lanter: 'Star-Crossed' at TV Guide!
About this photo set: Aimee Teegarden gets sandwiched in between her leading men Matt Lanter and Grey Damon while attending the Nintendo Oasis on the TV Guide Magazine Yacht during day… Read More Here
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Whew…..fantastic capture!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!
Thank you sweety. This is one of my favorites from today.
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Thank you so much Randi!
Awesome capture
Thank you Brandie1!
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Have just featured it in the Birds group :)
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Let's meet at the parking lot on Princeton Ave. I'll get there a bit before 9 am and we will head into the park right at 9 am. We will walk for about 45 minutes to an hour - pace will be moderate. If you are late, you are on your own and considered a no-show (for meet-up).
After we finish our walk, we can all head to one of the local Farmer's Markets. Yorkmont is the biggest, there is also a nice one on King's Drive and a niche/gourmet market at Atherton Mills. And, not to forget the Mecklenburg Farmer's Market. Maybe we can make a 'tour' and visit a couple. Bring a cooler in case you decide to pick up any of the pre-made items that are available at some of the markets.
If you just want to come to the Farmer's Market with us - meet at the Princeton Rd parking lot at 10 am. I'll leave a Meet-Up sign in my car's back window.
Rain cancels this event. If it is cold, dress warmly. :-)
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text:
|Publication number
|Publication type
|Application number
|Publication date
|Oct 29, 1996
|Filing date
|Dec 7, 1994
|Priority date
|Dec 7, 1994
|Fee status
|Publication number
|William A. Gardner
|Original Assignee
|Gardner; William A.
|Export Citation
|BiBTeX, EndNote, RefMan
|Patent Citations (9), Referenced by (6), Classifications (13), Legal Events (4)
|External Links: USPTO, USPTO Assignment, Espacenet
1. Field of the Invention
This invention pertains generally to noise cancellation methods and devices, and more particularly to a method and apparatus for actively suppressing noise vibrations transmitted from a medical instrument through bone structure and intracranial tissue in the head.
2. Description of the Background Art
In 1844, when Horace Wells introduced anesthesia, including nitrous oxide, and later in 1896 when sulfuric ether was introduced, the discomfort experienced by patients receiving dental health care sharply declined. Today, general anesthesia is considered dentistry's greatest discovery. However, in 1872 when S.S. White Company introduced the first electric drill which was invented by George F. Green, the discomfort caused by drill noise began to increase and continued to do so with further increases in drill speed. The level of discomfort reached a maximum for many patients when the high-speed pneumatic turbine drills were introduced in the 1960's. Today, dentists report that the chief complaint they receive from their patients is--aside from the hypodermic needle--the discomfort from noise caused by either the high-frequency whine of the high-speed (300,000-400,000 maximum RPM) drills or, for some, the chatter and vibration of the so-called low-speed (around 30,000 maximum RPM) drills.
Some reduction of perceived drill noise can be accomplished by muffling the patient's ears, or by using "active headsets" which both muffle the patient's ears and perform noise cancellation of the sound which propagates through the air to the patient's ears. However, even with total suppression of the pressure waves arriving at the ear due to drill noise propagating through the air, dental patients experience only negligible reduction in discomfort because a great deal of the drill noise perceived arrives at the inner ear from propagation paths through the head. That is, the vibration induced in the tooth by the drill enters the bone and propagates along the skull and through the skull interior to the temporal bone and finally to the inner, middle, and outer ears, each of which contributes to the vibrations in the cochlea which are converted to nerve impulses that are sent on to the brain.
Vibrational energy can travel along two different pathways to the cochlea: through the bone, and through the skull interior. Energy transmitted by these pathways is brought together at the temporal bone. From that point, there is a signal line that goes to three separate points of input: (1) the walls of the external auditory canal, (2) the middle ear ossicle, and (3) the cochlear capsule and its contained fluid. In addition, the cochlea has an independent input from the skull interior via what is referred to as the "third window". At each of these points, which represent separate inputs to the outer, middle, and inner ears, respectively, the responses are altered by a number of modifying factors. Specifically, the walls of the external canal radiate sound into its lumen (air), the modifying fact being the external opening, acting as a high-pass filter. The middle ear ossicles respond because of their moment of inertia, this response being modified by the tympanic membrane and the air enclosed in the middle ear, both acting like backsprings. The cochlear capsule undergoes distortional vibrations. The mass of the contained fluid, being unequally distributed, responds in an inertial manner. This cochlear response is modified by the oval and round windows which have not only different compliance values of their own, but face different impedances in the middle ear: the oval window, the ossicular chain; the round window, and the air enclosed in the middle ear.
Finally, along what might be called response line, i.e., the air in the external canal, the tympanic membrane, the ossicular chain, the oval window, and the cochlea, all of these various responses are collected and integrated with one another, according to their phase relationships, and the integrated response finally leads to hair cell stimulation, which creates the nerve impulses that go on to the brain via the auditory nerve.
Some researchers have previously demonstrated that a tone introduced simultaneously into the auditory canal and the skull (using a vibrator pressed against the head), with relative phase and magnitude adjusted properly, would result in no perception of sound in one or the other ear. However, there does not appear to have been any studies of the cancellation of more complex vibrational patterns inside the head. Some researchers have also demonstrated that some degree of reduction in structural vibration can be accomplished through active cancellation techniques. However, no such work on human structures has been found, and prior techniques require access to regions in which zonal nulls are desired.
Therefore, a need exists for a method and apparatus for nulling vibrational noise propagating through the bone structures and intracranial tissue in the head to the inner ear, and more particularly for a method and apparatus which will cancel vibrational noise in the inner ear zones transmitted to a patient from a medical instrument. The present invention satisfies that need, as well as others, and overcomes the deficiencies in prior methods and devices.
The present invention pertains generally to reducing the discomfort of a patient and the associated exacerbation of perceived pain by suppressing the vibrations propagating through the bone structure and intracranial tissue of the head from a medical instrument using active vibration cancellation and, more particularly, to nulling the vibration waveforms in the inner ear by zonal nulling that results from superposition of electronically processed waveforms with appropriate magnitude and phase relationships. The invention can be used to suppress vibrational noise generated by dental drills, as well as bone cutting tools used in brain and mastoid surgery.
By way of example, and not of limitation, vibrations from the medical instrument, as well as vibrations in the bone structure in the head of the patient, are sensed by accelerometers and processed to generate cancelling noise waves which are then fed into the inner ear through headphones or through vibrators placed on the head of the patient. An equalizer contained in a digital signal processing (DSP) chip shapes the magnitude and phase spectrum of the vibrational signal picked up from the medical instrument and delivers the equalized signal to the patient. An adaptive controller, also contained in the DSP chip, automatically adapts and adjusts the equalizer using control signals consisting of vibrations from the bone structure and the medical instrument.
An object of the invention is to provide for wave superposition inside the subject's head that results in zonal nulls in the two regions containing the left and right inner ears where sound is converted into nerve impulses.
Another object of the invention is to provide for vibration cancellation at the inner ears, which are regions of the body that are inaccessible for the placement of sensors that monitor the degree of suppression.
Another object of the invention is to provide for vibration cancellation using wave-input devices and wave pick-up devices that are comfortable, convenient, and otherwise acceptable by both the dentist or surgeon and the patient.
Another object of the invention is to provide a vibration cancelling method and apparatus that is adaptable to the variety of head characteristics, such as head size and shape and thickness and density of tissue covering bone.
Another object of the invention is to provide for a vibration cancelling method and apparatus that can adapt to the rapidly changing magnitude and phase characteristics of the interface between the medical instrument and the head due to intentional motion of the medical instrument and inadvertent vibration and chatter between the medical instrument and the head.
Further objects and advantages of the invention will be brought out in the following portions of the specification, wherein the detailed description is for the purpose of fully disclosing preferred embodiments of the invention without placing limitations thereon.
The invention will be more fully understood by reference to the following drawings which are for illustrative purposes only:
FIG. 1 is a system diagram showing the apparatus of the present invention coupled to a human user and a medical instrument.
FIG. 2 is a functional block diagram showing the equalizer adaptation process of the apparatus shown in FIG. 1.
FIG. 3 is a functional block diagram showing the equalizer calibration process of the apparatus shown in FIG. 1.
FIG. 4 is system diagram showing an alternative embodiment of the present invention coupled to a human user and a medical instrument.
FIG. 5 is a functional block diagram showing the equalizer adaptation process of the apparatus shown in FIG. 4.
FIG. 6 is a functional block diagram showing the equalizer calibration process of the apparatus shown in FIG. 4.
Referring more specifically to the drawings, for illustrative purposes the present invention is embodied in the intracranial noise suppression apparatus and method generally shown in FIG. 1 through FIG. 6, as more fully described herein, where like reference numerals denote like parts. It will be appreciated that the apparatus may vary as to configuration and as to details of the parts, and that the method may vary as to the steps and their sequence, without departing from the basic concepts as disclosed herein. It will further be appreciated that, while the drawings depict a dental drill as the source of vibrational noise, the invention can be used with bone cutting tools in connection with brain or mastoid surgery, as well as with other medical instruments which generate intracranial vibrations.
Referring to FIG. 1, the invention includes an equalizer 10 which is electrically connected to a drill vibration pickup 12, such as a conventional accelerometer or the like, which is in turn mechanically coupled to a drill 14. Equalizer 10, the input of which is connected to drill vibration pickup 12 through interconnection 16, shapes the magnitude and phase spectrum of the vibration signal picked up from drill 14 and delivers equalized output signals to a right headphone 18a and a left headphone 18b, to which it is electrically connected through interconnections 20a and 20b, respectively. The invention also includes an adaptive controller 22 which has an input electrically connected to drill vibration pickup 12 through interconnection 16, and inputs electrically connected to right 24a and left 24b mastoid pickups through interconnections 26a and 26b, respectively. Right 24a and left 24b mastoid pickups are conventional accelerometers or the like similar to drill vibration pickup 12. Adaptive controller 22, the output of which is connected to an input of equalizer 10 through interconnection 28, adaptively adjusts equalizer 10 using the vibration signals from drill vibration pickup 12, and right 24a and left 24b mastoid pickups. The adaptively equalized signals emanating from the right 18a and left 18b headphones are acoustically introduced into the patient 30 and cause vibrations in the inner ear.
Referring to FIG. 2 and FIG. 3, the method and apparatus of the invention can be seen in more detail. The relevant model of vibration in the head consists of four parallel channels with transfer functions denoted by H(f), a function of frequency f. These channels are: the channel from drill 14 to the right mastoid process 32a (HDRM), the channel from drill 14 to the left mastoid process 32b (HDLM), the channel from drill 14 to the right inner ear 34a (HDRE), and the channel from drill 14 to the left inner ear 34b (HDLE), where HDRM and HDLM are the transfer functions for the physical channels inside the head from the drill to the right 32a and left 32b mastoid processes, respectively, multiplied by the transfer function for the mastoid pickup, and are shown as element 36 in FIG. 2; and where HDRE and HDLE are the transfer functions for the physical channels inside the head from drill 14 to the right 34a and left 34b inner ears, respectively, and are shown as element 38 in FIG. 3. Note that, for simplicity, H(f) has been abbreviated to H. With regard to induced equalized vibrations which enter the ear canals from the headphones, there are two channels of interest: the channel from right headphone 18a to the right inner ear 34a (HRHRE), and the channel from left headphone 18b to the left inner ear 34b (HLHLE), where HRHRE and HLHLE are the transfer functions from the right and left outer ear to the right and left inner ear times the transfer function for the headphones, respectively, and are shown as elements 40a and 40b, respectively.
Separating the channels in equalizer 10 so as to denote the equalizers for the right 34a and left 34b inner ears as G1R and G1L, respectively, which are shown as elements 10a and 10b, the conditions on the equalizers for a null at the right 34a and left 34b inner ears are, respectively,
The solutions to equations (1) and (2) for equalizers that produce nulls at the two inner ears 34a, 34b are given by
Let Us now consider how the equalizer 10, which can be written as ##EQU1## is adaptively adjusted to satisfy the preceding equations by describing in physical terms what the preceding equations state. The vibrations reaching the two inner ears 34a, 34b from the tooth being drilled are cancelled in zones containing the two inner ears by the superposition of the vibrations picked up from the drill casing, and fed through the two individually adapted equalizers 10a, 10b to the headphones 18a, 18b. Each equalizer is part of a parallel channel from the drill casing, through the drill vibration pickup, the equalizer, the headphone, and the head or outer and middle ear, to the inner ear.
The adaptation process updates the equalizer G1, relative to an initial setting, by a complex-valued frequency-dependent factor obtained by taking the ratio of the current (locally in time) ratio of the mastoid pickup complex spectrum to drill pickup complex spectrum to the initial ratio of same. Because the left (right) headphone is decoupled from the right (left) ear, the two (left and right) equalizers can be independently adapted. Referring specifically to FIG. 2, let XCD, XCRM, and XCLM denote complex-valued spectra (functions of frequency f) measured in a current time interval at drill 14 and right 32a and left 32b mastoid processes, respectively. Separating the channels in adaptive controller 22 into right 22a and left 22b adaptive controllers, XCD are inputs to right 10a and left 10b equalizers as well as right 22a and left 22b adaptive controllers, and XCRM and XCLM are inputs to right 22a and left 22b adaptive controllers, respectively. XID, XIRM, and XILM denote the same spectra but measured at an initial time interval, during which nulls are obtained by initial manual adjustment of equalizers GIR and G1L.
Referring also to FIG. 3, the initial manual adjustment of the equalizers is as follows. The patient 30, or a dental assistant with oral feedback 42a, 42b from the patient 30, manually adjusts a right 44a and left 44b two-dimensional control to null out a tone heard in the ear and induced simultaneously into the tooth to be drilled via a tone generator/vibrator 46 attached to the drill 14 with the drill casing pressed against the tooth, and through the equalizers G1R and G1L into the two headphones 18a, 18b. This is done for each of a set of tones strategically placed throughout the spectral band of the drill noise. This two-dimensional control could be, for example, a lever attached to a ball in a socket (a "joy stick"), or it could be, as other examples, an x-y coordinate control, or a track ball. The two dimensions in which control takes place represent the magnitude and phase of the equalizer at the tone frequency. If a finite impulse response (FIR) structure is used for the equalizer, then this magnitude and phase can be implemented separately, and when the entire set of magnitudes and phases have been determined they can be fit to a transfer function and inverse Fourier transformed to produce the desired FIR impulse response.
If it is still desirable to use masking sound (e.g., music) to maximize the patient's comfort, and if such masking sound is strong enough to be recorded by the mastoid pickup (which is not very likely), then this sound could be time-division multiplexed. That is, this sound could be periodically turned off while adaptation measurements are made. If the off-time is brief enough, the patient will not perceive the periodic absence of the sound. The processed wave that cancels the undesirable vibration in the inner-ear would remain on at all times.
After manual adjustment, the initial equalizer settings G1IR and G1IL, shown as elements 48a and 48b, respectively, are updated to current settings as follows:
where ##EQU2## RR and RL are shown as elements 50a and 50b, respectively. This method takes advantage of the fact that any changes in the drill to inner ear channels should be reflected in the changes in ratios of mastoid and drill spectra. The reason we can use the spectra measured at the mastoid here, rather than the spectra at the inner ear (which are inaccessible), is that these two are related by factors that should exhibit only negligible changes over time.
Thus, the complete process for adaptation of the equalizer is specified by the automatic adaptation of equations (6) through (9), and the manual adjustment procedure by which G1IR and G1IL are initially determined (to produce perceived nulls during the initial time interval). The automatic adaptation is controlled by the right 22a and left 22b adaptive controllers shown in FIG. 2.
Note also, that the analog output of drill vibration pickup 12 is processed by an analog to digital convertor (A/D) 52 with the digital output thereof being fed into right 10a and left 10b equalizers and right 22a and left 22b adaptive controllers, that the digital outputs of right 10a and left 10b equalizers are processed by right 54a and left 54b digital to analog convertors (D/A) with the analog outputs thereof being fed to right 18a and left 18b headphones, respectively, and that the analog outputs of right 24a and left 24b mastoid pickups are processed by right 56a and left 56b analog to digital convertors with the digital outputs thereof being fed into right 22a and left 22b adaptive controllers, respectively. These A/D and D/A convertors are of a conventional type.
Referring now to FIG. 4 through FIG. 6, an alternative embodiment is shown in which right 58a and left 58b head worn vibrators are used for inducing the equalized vibrations through the patient's forehead and into the inner ears instead of using headphones 18a, 18b as previously described. In all other respects, the configuration shown in FIG. 4 is the same as that which is shown in FIG. 1. Here, however, instead of two channels of interest for the induced equalized vibrations, there are eight channels of interest: the channel from the right vibrator 58a to the right inner ear 34a (HRVRE), the channel from the right vibrator 58a to the left inner ear 34b (HRVLE), the channel from the right vibrator 58a to the right mastoid process 32a (HRVRM), the channel from the right vibrator 58a to the left mastoid process 32b (HRVLM), the channel from the left vibrator 58b to the right inner ear 34a (HLVRE), the channel from the left vibrator 58b to the left inner ear 34b (HLVLE), the channel from the left vibrator 58b to the right mastoid process 32a (HLVRM), and the channel from the left vibrator 58b to the left mastoid process 32b (HLVLM), where HLVRE, HLVLE, HRVLE, and HRVRE are the transfer functions from the vibrator location on the skin or tooth through the head to the inner ear times the transfer function for the vibrator, and where HLVRM, HLVLM, HRVLM, and HRVRM are the transfer functions from the vibrator location to the mastoid process times the transfer function for the vibrator times the transfer function for the mastoid pickup. HLVRE and HLVLE are shown as element 60, HRVLE and HRVRE are shown as element 62, HLVRM and HLVLM are shown as element 64, and HRVLM and HRVRM are shown as element 66.
Again, separating the channels in equalizer 10 so as to denote the equalizers for the right 34a and left 34b inner ears as G2R and G2L, respectively, which are shown as elements 10a and 10b, the conditions on the equalizers for a null at the right and left inner ears are, respectively,
On the other hand, if we adapt the equalizers 10a, 10b for nulls at the two mastoid processes 32a, 32b then we satisfy the following conditions:
where the notation G indicates that the solution to equations (12) and (13) differs from the solution G to equations (10) and (11). Let us define the following 2�2 matrices and 2�1 vectors: ##EQU3## Then we can write the solutions to equations (10) through (13) as ##EQU4## Let us now define two transfer functions to be the ratios of elements of the vectors in equations (20) and (21):
If we adapt the equalizers 10a, 10b to produce nulls at the two mastoid processes 32a, 32b, we get the solution given by equation (21). But, if we put in series with each of these equalizers a corrective equalizer with transfer functions given by (22) and (23), we obtain the composite equalizers
which satisfy equation (20) and therefore produce nulls at the two inner ears 34a, 34b.
It should be noted that, neither the mastoid pickup nor any other conceivable and practical pickup can sense directly a null at the inner ear, implying that the right side of equation (20) cannot be measured. This motivates the use of equation (21). Note also that equations (22)-(23) specify conditions for nulls at the inner ears, not an algorithm for finding KR and KL (since G2 is not known). KR and KL must be determined through manual adjustment.
Let us now consider how the equalizers G2 are adapted using the differential equalizers ##EQU5## to satisfy the preceding equations. The vibrations reaching the two inner ears from the tooth being drilled are cancelled in zones containing the two inner ears by the superposition of the vibrations picked up from the drill casing, and fed through two jointly adapted equalizers to a pair of vibrators. Each equalizer is part of a parallel channel from the drill casing, through the pickup, the equalizer, the vibrator and the head, to the inner ear. The adaptation minimizes the residual (uncancelled) drill noise appearing nearby the inner ears (at the mastoid processes). If the mismatch between the channels to the inner ears and the parallel channels to the nearby mastoids leaves an unacceptably large residual at the inner ears (when nulls are achieved at the mastoid processes), then manually adjustable equalizers KR and KL can be inserted in series with each of the two automatically adaptive equalizers G2. These differential equalizers, collectively referred to as K, would compensate for the difference between channels to each inner ear and each mastoid process.
The adaptation method comprises determining KR and KL through an initial manual adjustment process, and running an LMS, RLS (recursive least squares), or other type of algorithm to continuously and jointly update the equalizers G2R and G2L, which are denoted as elements 68a, 68b in series with KR and KL, which are denoted as elements 70a, 70b. Although the LMS algorithm can jointly adapt the two (left and right) equalizers, as needed to accommodate cross coupling between left (right) vibrator and right (left) inner ear (and mastoid), this need for joint adjustment complicates the manual adjustment procedure.
To describe the LMS-type of adaptation algorithm, let x(n) denote the digital input to the equalizer 10. The outputs of the automatically adjustable portion of the two equalizers G2R and G2L are ##EQU6## where w1i (n) and w2i (n) are the time-dependent (due to adaptation) impulse responses of G2R and G2L, respectively. The digitized error signals at the outputs of the right and left mastoid pickups are eR (n)=e1 (n) and eL (n)=e2 (n), respectively. The multiple-error filtered-data (MEFD) LMS algorithm (without gradient deflection) can then be expressed as ##EQU7## for m=1, 2 and i=0, 1, 2, . . . , N-1, where a is a step-size parameter, and rqm (n) is the filtered data ##EQU8## where cqmj is the j-th element of the impulse response of the series connection of the drill pickup 12, A/D converter 52, right 70a (KR) or left 70b (KL) manually adjustable differential equalizer, right 54a or left 54b D/A convertor, right 58a or left 58b vibrator, and the internal head channel of patient 30, according to the channel of interest. The corresponding transfer functions are
where VR and VL are the transfer functions of the digital to analog convertors. The corresponding four impulse responses for equations (30) through (33) need to be estimated prior to initiation of the MEFD-LMS algorithm. This can be done by using the transfer-function formulas
with the drill 14 and left vibrator 58b turned off, and x(n) equal to the output from the right vibrator 58a and A/D convertor 52, and
with the drill 14 and right vibrator 58a turned off, and x(n) equal to the output from the left vibrator 58b and A/D convertor 52. ER, EL, and X are the complex spectra of eR (n), eL (n), and x(n).
The step size a should not exceed ##EQU9## where D is the overall delay from right 54a or left 54b D/A convertor through right 58a or left 58b vibrator to the opposite mastoid pickup.
Since the MEFD-LMS algorithm is well known, a detailed description thereof is not presented herein.
Referring also to FIG. 6, the manual adjustment procedure for KR and KL can be exactly the same as previously for G1IR and G1IL described with regard to the apparatus and method of FIG. 1 through FIG. 3, but must be preceded by an initial adaptation of the equalizers G2R and G2L produce nulls at the two mastoid processes. For initial adaptation, KR =KL =1, and the transfer functions of equations (30) through (33) must be measured. This can be done by applying a vibrational test signal to the tooth to be drilled via tone generator/vibrator 64 attached to the drill 14 with the drill casing pressed against the tooth, prerecorded drill noise, or another form of test signal that consists of the simultaneous presence of all tones to be nulled during the manual adjustment phase. After the adaptive equalizer G2 has converged (e.g., 1 second after application of the test signal), the patient 30, or a dentist or dental assistant with oral feedback 42a, 42b from the patient 30, can adjust the magnitude and phase of the differential equalizers K (or a model thereof) until the equalized signal passing through the two-preadapted equalizers 68a, 68b, the two vibrators 58a, 58b, and the two differential equalizers 70a, 70b, nulls (at the inner ear) the test signal fed through the tooth to be drilled. In this regard, note that the null is a perceptual null as sensed by the patient in each ear. The manual adjustment phase may take as long as 5 minutes, but can be carried out while waiting for the anesthesia to take effect.
Once differential equalizers 70a, 70b have been adjusted, they need no further adjustment (during drilling) because the differential channel should undergo only negligible change during drilling (provided that the mastoid pickup is physically stationary relative to the inner ear).
After the manual adjustment has been completed, the previously measured transfer functions can be modified as in equations (30)-(33) by multiplication with KR and KL. Otherwise, they can just be remeasured. Since the accuracy of these measurements is not especially important, the easiest of these two methods to implement should be used. The two transfer functions K determined by the magnitudes and phases learned during manual adjustment can be transformed to two equivalent impulse responses, which can then be implemented as FIR filters. Similarly, the adaptive equalizers G2 can be implemented as FIR filters so that they can be adapted with a least mean square (LMS) type of algorithm, possibly with a convergence-accelerating gradient-deflecting matrix precomputed from typical drill noise or, possibly, adapted during drilling. Note, however, that this gradient deflection might speed up overall convergence but might slow down the suppression of the tonal components of the noise, which might be the most annoying part of the drill noise.
As can be seen, the embodiment of FIG. 1 through FIG. 3 feeds the cancelling noise into the head through headphones 18a, 18b worn by the patient 30 whereas the embodiment of FIG. 4 through FIG. 6 feeds the cancelling noise through vibrators 58a, 58b worn by the patient 30. While the embodiment of FIG. 4 through FIG. 6 uses vibrators placed on the forehead of the patient, other useful input locations for the cancelling noise were found to include teeth other than those being drilled (this is for convenience of the dentist, because the tooth being drilled is also a useful input location for the cancelling vibration), the two mastoid processes, the two temporal bones, the two cheek bones, and the jaw bone, although the jaw bone yielded the weakest sensation at the ear because of the joint between the jaw and the skull. In other words, just about anywhere on the head that bone is close to the skin was found to be a useful location. This is understandable since the dimensions of the head are comparable with the wavelengths in the drill vibration. Nevertheless, the most effective location, in terms of perceived volume of vibration induced on the exterior of the head, was found to be the mastoid processes and the sides of the forehead just in front of the temples. If the mastoid location is used for vibration pick up as in FIG. 3 through FIG. 6, however, this leaves the forehead locations.
The teeth are especially attractive locations for the vibrators, because of their proximity to the source of the drill noise to be suppressed. This results in the largest extent of the zone in which nulling occurs. However, because of the possible bulkiness of sufficiently powerful vibrators, it might be too inconvenient for the dentist and patient to apply these to teeth. If small vibrators with convenient means for attachment to the upper back teeth is deemed possible, this would seem to be the best location from a noise suppression standpoint. Otherwise, the sides of the forehead, just in front of the temple as shown in FIG. 4 seems to be the next best place in terms of providing good coupling to inner ears with minimal delay, minimal cross coupling (left vibrator to right ear), and sufficient distance from error pickups at mastoids.
The most elegant approach, however, was found to be to use headphones 18a, 18b as the transducers to inject the cancelling wave as shown in FIG. 1 through FIG. 3, because this avoids the need for vibrators which may be uncomfortable (due to pressure on the forehead) or which may be inconvenient for the dentist (bulky devices in the mouth). However, this solution does not provide access to any vibration that is proportional in strength to the residual vibration at the inner ear, because the cancelling wave, propagating through the outer and middle ears in this case, does not induce an appreciable vibratory response in the skull, so a mastoid pickup would not sense any effects due to the cancelling noise. Thus, as described above, a different approach to adapting the equalizer is used with the headphone method, as compared with the vibrator method, that does not require measurement of residual vibration. By monitoring the ratio of complex spectra at the drill pickup and the mastoid pickup at each ear, the transfer function of the equalizer for each ear can be updated relative to an initial setting that produced a perceptual null through a manual adjustment procedure.
The embodiment of FIG. 1 through FIG. 3 requires that the mastoid pickups and headphones be kept highly stationary and that the pressure of the mastoid pickup against the skin covering the mastoid be kept very steady. By connecting the pickups rigidly to the headphones, and locating the emitters in the headphones correctly, some compensation for motion might be possible. If, however, due to considerations of patient comfort, necessary body motion renders the requirements for stationary (relative to the inner ear) impractical, the embodiment of FIG. 4 through FIG. 6 described above that uses vibrators placed, for example, on the forehead can be adopted.
With regard to the location of the vibration pick-ups for both embodiments, the best position was found to be that which is closest to the inner ear, with good coupling from the bone surrounding the inner ear; that is, the left and right mastoid processes. Note, however, that with regard to the embodiment of FIG. 4 through FIG. 6, the location for these noise-suppression-error pickups are each about one inch from each of the inner ears, and the wavelengths of vibration in the skull range from a minimum of about two inches at the highest frequencies of interest. Therefore, the correspondence between nulls at the inner ear and the mastoid process might not be precise enough to adequately null out the higher frequencies. This potential problem is circumvented in the embodiment of FIG. 1 through FIG. 3, but it also can potentially be accommodated with the embodiment of FIG. 4 through FIG. 6 as described above. The best impedance matching between skin and pickup can be obtained by using a putty between the pickup and the skin covering the mastoid.
Those skilled in the art will appreciate that the present invention can be implemented using standard analog electronic circuitry or, more economically, standard digital circuitry, including microcomputers. The equalizer 10 and adaptive controller 22 can reside, for example, on a digital signal processor (DSP) chip such as a Texas Instruments TMS320C31 or equivalent. The DSP chip, A/D convertors, D/A converters, and related input/output circuitry are conventional, and can be fabricated on a single DSP board.
Accordingly, it will be seen that this invention provides a method and apparatus for actively cancelling vibrational noise produced by a medical instrument, thereby relieving discomfort and associated exacerbation of perceived pain. Although the description above contains many specificities, these should not be construed as limiting the scope of the invention but as merely providing illustrations of some of the presently preferred embodiments of this invention. Thus the scope of this invention should be determined by the appended claims and their legal equivalents.
|Cited Patent
|Filing date
|Publication date
|May 3, 1977
|May 8, 1979
|Sound Attenuators Limited
|Active attenuation of recurring sounds
|Aug 13, 1979
|Sep 6, 1983
|California Technics, Ltd.
|Circuit for driving an ultrasonic dental tool at its resonant frequency
|Apr 9, 1990
|Jul 21, 1992
|Active Noise And Vibration Technologies, Inc.
|Noise suppression system
|Aug 14, 1990
|Aug 18, 1992
|The Board Of Trustees Of The University Of Illinois
|Noise cancellation system
|Apr 16, 1992
|Jul 6, 1993
|The United States Of America As Represented By The Secretary Of The Navy
|Adaptively formed signal-free reference system
|Jul 28, 1992
|Jan 11, 1994
|Nelson Industries, Inc.
|Active acoustic attenuation system with power limiting
|Oct 6, 1992
|Mar 15, 1994
|Hareo Hamada
|Electronic noise attenuation method and apparatus for use in effecting such method
|Oct 27, 1989
|Apr 19, 1994
|Bose Corporation
|Sep 18, 1989
|May 24, 1994
|Noise Cancellation Technologies, Inc.
|Active attenuation system for medical patients
|Citing Patent
|Filing date
|Publication date
|Jun 13, 1996
|Nov 25, 1997
|Gardner; William A.
|Method and apparatus for intracranial noise suppression
|May 11, 1998
|Oct 15, 2002
|Mci Communications Corporation
|Intracranial noise suppression apparatus
|Apr 2, 2007
|Aug 5, 2014
|Baxter International Inc.
|User selectable masking sounds for medical instruments
|Apr 2, 2007
|Oct 2, 2008
|Baxter International Inc.
|User selectable masking sounds for medical instruments
|May 30, 2014
|Dec 11, 2014
|Yi Sheng Co., Ltd.
|Elimination system for diverting dental instrument noise
|Nov 13, 2007
|May 20, 2009
|Genima Innovations Marketing Gmbh
|Method for reducing anxiety and stress of patient during dental treatment, involves absorbing treatment sounds by inverse feedback over audio channel, and transferring mouth-filling image of mouth area
|U.S. Classification
|381/71.6, 433/27, 381/72, 381/71.3
|International Classification
|Cooperative Classification
|European Classification
|Apr 5, 2000
|Fee payment
Year of fee payment: 4
|May 19, 2004
|Maintenance fee reminder mailed
|Oct 29, 2004
|Lapse for failure to pay maintenance fees
|Dec 28, 2004
|Expired due to failure to pay maintenance fee
Effective date: 20041029


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Silverstone Last Weekend
Started Oct 2, 2012 | Discussions thread
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mmpd3 • Regular Member • Posts: 100
Silverstone Last Weekend
Oct 2, 2012
Here are a couple of BSB pictures from last weekend at Silverstone. All taken with the 60D & 100-400.
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Canon EOS 60D Canon EF 50mm f/1.8 II Canon EF-S 18-135mm f/3.5-5.6 IS Canon EF-S 55-250mm f/4-5.6 IS Canon EF 100-400mm f/4.5-5.6L IS USM +1 more
Canon EOS 60D
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He's talented! Do we need to know anything else?is he homosexual, hetrosexual, adrogynis?
Posted in the Barry Manilow Forum
#2 Feb 19, 2006
He's talented! Do we need to know anything else?
#3 Feb 27, 2006
He's not heterosexual, that's a fact. At the most, he could be bisexual, but it's more likely he's homosexual.
He had a fling with one of the music directors (of one of his concert tours) about ten years ago. I can't remember the guy's name right off hand.
My best friend back then was dating Mark Levine, so we were backstage with Uncle Festive and riding in their limo, etc. Funny, all the stuff the fans left in their rooms was basically our plunder. All that work. It was appreciated, just waaaay overdone.
#4 Feb 27, 2006
Barry is straight.
Why do some people want him to be Homosexual?
Folkestone, UK
#5 Mar 3, 2006
I'm intrigued about the whole topic of Barry being gay. As the years have gone by I'm starting to think that he might be. You seem to know your onions having been in the thick of it so to speak.
When you said that Barry had had a fling with a musical director, for a moment there I thought you were talking about Victor Vanacore, who I used to be totally in love with...still am really! He went in 1989. I know exactly when he went cos I cried buckets when he left so you can't be talking about him. I'm gonna be scanning the internet til i find out who it is!
#6 Mar 6, 2006
He's strate. He lived with a women for many years. Her name was Linda. But I think they broke up.
#7 Mar 7, 2006
Who cares if he's Homo-,Hetro- or Bi.
These days it does not matter. I'm very hapily married with 2 children but if the right woman came along.... who knows. As long as you are happy and have great sex does it matter with whom?
Barry is a very talented and highly respected musician. And as long as he continues to put a smile on my face he will have a very special place in my heart til the day I drop dead.
#8 Mar 8, 2006
I agree . barry is definetley straight. was with Linda for over 20 years. just because you are not married doesn't mean your gay.
#9 Mar 8, 2006
Because he is a private person. they have nothing on barry . no scandals.
#10 Mar 8, 2006
Barry is straight.
#11 Mar 13, 2006
i've always been amazed myself at how huge a star barry is, yet he's NEVER been in any paparazzi incidents.....only the broken nose, but he didnt seem to mind that....how does someone so famous stay out of sight??? i wonder
#12 Mar 24, 2006
It appears to me that Barry Manilow is a very private person and likes it that way. He is a master at avoiding the paparazzi, he does not have to put himself out there in front of them to acquire fame because he is already a shining star, he is Barry Manilow...need I say more.
As far as whether he is homosexual or heterosexual!!! Isn't it great, this mistique that surrounds him, he can be whatever you yourself want him to be if you don't know the answer to this question. Think about it. Whether your male or female you can still have your fantasy. I am female and everytime he sings his song he makes love to me. He is my Barry Manilow gay or straight.
#13 Mar 28, 2006
I believe he is straight. He was married for 18 months to Susan Dreixler in his early 20s. He had a very long term relationship with a women named Linda. Even if he is bi-sexual or gay, I think he is the most romantic man I ever could think of. Don't you think the rag sheets would have dirt on him or pictures if he was gay, he has been in the business for 37 years.?!
#14 Apr 4, 2006
According to his ex wife Susan, their marriage was never consummated. If he is gay why are we bothered? As humans, we are naturally curious. Still, at least it's getting people interested in Barry. If he were gay, I don't think it would harm him, his career or anyone else. It would be cool with me and I believe most Barry fans. We should all be concentrating on what a wonderful musician and performer he is. He is unique and amazing. Check him out people!
#15 Apr 14, 2006
He's straight and he's smart [and yes I'm a big, Big, BIG FAN OF HIS]. Not dating or not getting married doesn't mean one's gay. He probably doesn't want to marry because he's got his career and he doesn't want to be involved in the maritial cycle a lot of stars get into. And even if he were to get into that cycle, I bet he'd do it with a lot more class (keep the break up out the public eye). I wish a lot more of these celebs followed his example entertain the public and keep quiet about your private life--I'm sick of up celebs cluttering papers with their poor relationship choices.
#16 Apr 16, 2006
Barry has been living with his business manager and life partner Gary Keif for decades.
#17 Apr 16, 2006
#18 Apr 16, 2006
i have no time for people who live a lie.It's a smack in the face for homosexuals if he is in the closet, because it says that homosexuality is inferior to heterosexuality. He has a massive following who wouldn't love him any less if he came out,so why hide it?
#19 Apr 18, 2006
You know, to me it would not matter either way. He is a great human and very attractive. If he likes men or women or both, who cares. I think he is adorable and the most talented and romantic man I ever saw on stage.
Barry's true fans do not care either way.
Cardiff, UK
#20 Apr 19, 2006
Hi Laura
just like you it dosn't matter either way, who are we to judge anyone who's buisness is it anyway ? Barry has given us all that have follwed him for many years so much joy. I even travelled to vegas to see him last November i was not dissapointed
United States
#21 May 5, 2006
why are you all spending so much time on wheather Barry is gay, straight or bi-sexual. It NOBODY'S business. Let focus on how Barry's music and wonderful personaly makes us happy. He is the greatest.
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