text:
Boy, 3, killed in Magnolia mobile home fire
Officials say the toddler's mother was at a neighbor's home when the blaze broke out. There is no word yet on what started the fire
Ellie: As usual the left wing media is reversing things. it doesn't matter that a "presidential" candidate is repressing 30,000 emails on a hidden server that most likely is full of classified information and that could or has affected our national security, that doesn't matter or is important to them. Or the fact that the Wikileaks that were hacked from the DNC showed all the racial slurs and illegal manipulation to get rid of the Bernie campaign. No that does NOT matter. Lets focus on the fact that Trump made a joke that if Russia could find 20,000 emails as the left claimed, the could certainly find the 30,000 that conveniently the FBI could not. These corrupt media and leftist are SO predictable.


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hmmm, yummy!
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A wonderful assortment of chocolates for the chocoholic.
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The RAPS EU Regulatory New Leaders program focuses on developing the critical competencies necessary for regulatory professionals to develop insightful and effective leadership skills needed for individual professional development.
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It's well-known that the National Institutes of Health (NIH) offers billions of dollars in grants to US academic research facilities. What's less well-known is that each year, hundreds of new inventions are produced in the laboratories of NIH, the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) and the Food and Drug Administration (FDA), and these inventions are licensed out to private companies in the US and internationally for further research and development, with the hopes of bringing new products to market.
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The US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) is considering the use of aerial drones to help assist its on-site inspections of facilities, the agency confirmed to Regulatory Focus this week.
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why do blacks date ugly uncooked turkey pale skin people?
Posted in the African-American Forum
United States
#1 Mar 28, 2013
Im a black man and i just wanna know why
#3 Mar 28, 2013
Lol you actually believe the crap you shovel.
#4 Mar 28, 2013
Because whites look a lot better than you ugly jungle apes.
#5 Mar 28, 2013
Hindus are oriental/asian, you white trolling dumbass.
#6 Mar 28, 2013
Anyway bm bang ww cause they are slutty and easy. Simple as that. We men first black second.
United States
#7 Mar 28, 2013
That "CRAP" looks like YOU! Lol
#8 Mar 28, 2013
Ok cracker why do so many ww bang bm,if we are ugly.
United States
#9 Mar 28, 2013
Lol just like your name oh really?
In my city of montgomery al alot of bm still dates bw, and my gf is also black so wtf you talking about punk azz white boy?
White men like need to be beat up, and put in trash can along with slutty azz white women.
Nobody want your women dude they are sluts the same way like you who only try an use black women as sex material, and try your best to break up bm and bw with your foolishness.
Come to my area i'll have some for you pale mfs
#10 Mar 28, 2013
Whites date out the most anyway. At 9 percent of their total population date out.
#11 Mar 28, 2013
I have seen the ww you black guys date....and they are ugly fat sows who are DESPERATE for a boyfriend. Does that answer your question, n----r?
#12 Mar 28, 2013
Because they prefer pale turkey coloring over the color of excrement. Pretty simple. They prefer straight hair over a brillo pad.
#15 Mar 28, 2013
Oriental is a carpet, not a race. Asian is the correct term you dumb ass and they're not considered Asians. Most are considered Indian. And Hinduism is a religion not a race. I always love to laugh at a dumb ass calling others dumb ass.
United States
#16 Mar 28, 2013
You obviously dont what you are talking about, white women look like pale naked mole rats to me lil skinny azz white jungle bunnies lol you funny dude.
My cousin tried a wm before, and he got her pregnant, and left, he stay for a lil bit when the child was born.
But he eventually left, and got another bw pregnant with 2 kids.
I never seen him again, and he never came to see his child.
Now she getting married to this bm who takes care of his 2 sons by his self, idk what happen to the mother.
Black people who believe in dating white cause they figure whites are better, they are lacking common sense entirely, and need to be taught some knowledge.
I hate you white people all alot of you white people wanna do is date blacks so you can promote, and help destoy black america, and then admit thats what you wanna do at that.
I hate you people dude but here whites are not welcome to the black community at all, and i dare you to show up in it.
#17 Mar 28, 2013
Whats 9 percent of 250 million fool.
#18 Mar 28, 2013
Indians from india are Asian you dumbass.
#19 Mar 28, 2013
Got alot of stupid whites in this forum.
United States
#20 Mar 28, 2013
Nobody wants your women dude not the ones that you think is fine or the ones ugly ones which i think is all of them.
The bm that does marry ww be the ugly bm so whats the difference from any of the ww?
United States
#22 Mar 28, 2013
Idk where you get that lie from but i mostly prefer a women a big fro or curly hair.
You a hypocrite to have the belief that all bm likes ww well if you do then you a twisted minded person.
I dont even see bm here dating ww at all really but i do see skinny body ww on social sites looking for bm.
Nobody wants ww dude, atleast not the really good looking black men trust me on that.
But i dont even see no bm dating ww here so you a hypocrite.
United States
#23 Mar 28, 2013
exactly they are slutty, and easy slutty acts from a women would attract any men of any race but its not gonna attract the true love.
They have no self respect for they self...they have no pride for they self... And no real women is in them at all really.
White people is always calling black people monkey's but white people goes around having sexual relationships with the actual pet monkey's so dpnt that make yall look fools?
Your women will have sex with horses, chickens anything.
They dont care cause they are sluts, and white men deserves to live in the woods.
#24 Mar 28, 2013
Yeah? And black people are the color of excrement (go look that up) and they have air like a brillo pad and lips like tires. We all know the little lie that black people tell white people about how they think they are better looking than white people. If that was true, you wouldn't see most black women straighten their hair and become more attractive to both black and white men. Dont blame me, I'm not God who decided to give black people matty brillo pads on their head, so it's not my fault. But to lie about it and claim its great isn't going to work because the actual behavior of black people is the opposite of what they try to say and both whites and blacks know it.
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If the cardiologist's warnings do not scare you, consider this: Controlling blood pressure just might be the best protection yet known against dementia.
In a flurry of new research, scientists scanned people's brains to show hypertension fuels a kind of scarring linked to later development of Alzheimer's disease and other dementias. Those scars can start building up in middle age, decades before memory problems will appear.
The evidence is strong enough that the National Institutes of Health soon will begin enrolling thousands of hypertension sufferers in a major study to see if aggressive treatment - pushing blood pressure lower than currently recommended - better protects not just their hearts but their brains.
"If you look ... for things that we can prevent that lead to cognitive decline in the elderly, hypertension is at the top of the list," Dr. Walter Koroshetz, deputy director of NIH's National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, told The Associated Press.
Age is the biggest risk factor for Alzheimer's disease and other forms of dementia that affect about one in eight people 65 or older.
Scientists have long noticed that some of the same triggers for heart disease - high blood pressure, obesity, diabetes - seem to increase the risk of dementia, too. But for years, they thought that link was with "vascular dementia," memory problems usually linked to small strokes, and not the scarier classic Alzheimer's disease.
Now those lines are blurring as specialists realize that many if not most patients have a mix of the two dementias. Somehow, factors like hypertension - blood pressure readings of 140 over 90 or higher - that weaken arteries also seem to spur Alzheimer's disease-like processes.
One suspect: Scarring known as white matter lesions. White matter acts as the brain's telephone network, a system of axons, or nerve fibers, that allow brain cells to communicate with each other. Even slightly elevated blood pressure can damage the tiny blood vessels that nourish white matter, interrupting those signals.
Among the strongest new studies:
-MRI scans showed women 65 and older with high blood pressure had significantly more white matter lesions in their brains eight years later. The study included 1,403 women who were enrolled in a memory subset of the landmark Women's Health Initiative that tracked postmenopausal health. The worse their blood pressure, the higher volume of white matter damage, says the study published online last month in the Journal of Clinical Hypertension.
"This is a silent disease in the brain," says lead researcher Dr. Lewis Kuller of the University of Pittsburgh. "It's evolving over time and it leads to very bad outcomes."
-The journal Stroke just published similar evidence from a Johns Hopkins University-led study that tracked 983 people for more than 15 years, starting in middle age. The longer people spent with uncontrolled high blood pressure, the more white matter damage they accumulated. The researchers could see a change with each 20-point jump in too-high systolic pressure, the top number in a blood-pressure reading.
Clearly, hypertension alone doesn't doom someone to later dementia. Far more people, nearly one in three US adults, have hypertension.
And there are plenty of other reasons to lower blood pressure: Hypertension is a leading cause of heart attacks, strokes and kidney failure.
But while some studies have found hypertension treatment lowered the dementia risk, others haven't.
Enter the NIH's SPRINT study, which in a few months is to begin enrolling 7,500 hypertension patients age 55 and older around the country. The test: Whether aggressive treatment to lower systolic blood pressure below 120 - what's considered normal - will prove healthier than today's guidelines that urge getting it below 140, or 130 for diabetics.
The main focus is on heart and kidney health. But all participants will be screened for dementia, and a subset will undergo repeated cognitive testing and MRI scans to tell if lowering blood pressure also protects against a slide toward dementia. Another question: If older patients can tolerate bigger than usual blood pressure drops without side effects, such as falls.
With dementia rising fast as the population grays, even a small effect from better blood pressure control could have a big public health impact, says Dr. William Thies of the Alzheimer's Association.
Other dementia-preventing efforts, such as targeting the sticky amyloid plaques in Alzheimer's patients brains, haven't panned out so far - while hypertension control has little downside, notes Pittsburgh's Kuller.
"Until I can tell you how to get rid of amyloid in your brain, take care of the blood pressure."
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|By Liz McMillan
Article Rating:
|August 7, 2014 12:30 PM EDT
The industry is heated with debates on whether adopting private or public cloud is the smartest, best, cheapest, you name it choice. But this debate is missing the mark. Businesses shouldn't be discussing public vs. private, but rather how can they make the two work together to their greatest advantage. The ideal is to merge on-premise and off-premise into a seamless environment that can be managed as a single entity - a forward-looking stance that will eventually see major adoption. But as of late 2013, hybrid cloud was still "rare," noted Gartner analyst Tom Bittman.
In his session at 15th Cloud Expo, Marten Mickos, CEO of Eucalyptus Systems, will discuss how public clouds need on-premise satellites to win and, conversely, how on-premise environments cannot be really powerful unless they are connected to the public cloud. It's not two competing worlds; it's two dimensions of the same world.
Speaker Bio:
Marten Mickos is the CEO of Eucalyptus Systems. A veteran of open source, infrastructure software and global businesses, he previously was CEO of MySQL AB where he grew the company from garage start-up to the second largest open source software company in the world.
A Rock Star Faculty, Top Keynotes, Sessions, and Top Delegates!
Cloud Expo® 2014 Silicon Valley, November 4-6, at the Santa Clara Convention Center in Santa Clara, CA, will feature technical sessions from a rock star conference faculty and the leading Cloud industry players in the world.
The growth and success of Cloud Computing will be on display at the upcoming Cloud Expo® conference and exhibition in Santa Clara, CA, November 4-6, 2014.
All main layers of the Cloud ecosystem will be represented at the 14th International Cloud Expo® - the infrastructure players, the platform providers, and those offering applications, and they'll all be here to speak, sponsor, exhibit and network.
Sponsorship Opportunities
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Cloud Expo® 2014 Silicon Valley "show prospectus" has shipped. Sponsorship, exhibit, and keynote opportunities can be obtained from Carmen Gonzalez by email at events (at) sys-con.com, or by phone 201 802-3021.
Early Bird Registration Options
for Cloud Expo® 2014 Silicon Valley
Cloud Expo® delegates can pre-register for Cloud Expo® Silicon Valley with Early Bird Savings here.
About SYS-CON Media & Events
SYS-CON Media (www.sys-con.com) has since 1994 been connecting technology companies and customers through a comprehensive content stream at www.sys-con.com - featuring over forty focused subject areas, from Cloud Computing to Web Security - interwoven with market-leading full-scale conferences produced by SYS-CON Events. The company's internationally recognized brands include among others Cloud Expo® (www.CloudComputingExpo.com), Big Data Expo (http://BigDataExpo.net), Virtualization Conference & Expo (www.VirtualizationConference.com), DevOps Summit (http://DevOpsSummit.sys-con.com), Internet of @ThingsExpo (http://www.ThingsExpo.com), SDDC Expo (http://SDDCExpo.sys-con.com), WebRTC Summit (http://WebRTCSummit.net), Government IT Conference & Expo (www.GovITExpo.com), Cloud Computing Bootcamp (www.CloudComputingBootcamp.com), and UlitzerLive! New Media Conference & Expo (http://events.sys-con.com).
Cloud Expo® is a registered trademark of Cloud Expo, Inc.
Whether your IoT service is connecting cars, homes, appliances, wearable, cameras or other devices, one question hangs in the balance – how do you actually make money from this service? The ability to turn your IoT service into profit requires the ability to create a monetization strategy that is flexible, scalable and working for you in real-time. It must be a transparent, smoothly implemented strategy that all stakeholders – from customers to the board – will be able to understand and comprehe...
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The cloud market growth today is largely in public clouds. While there is a lot of spend in IT departments in virtualization, these aren't yet translating into a true "cloud" experience within the enterprise. What is stopping the growth of the "private cloud" market? In his general session at 18th Cloud Expo, Nara Rajagopalan, CEO of Accelerite, explored the challenges in deploying, managing, and getting adoption for a private cloud within an enterprise. What are the key differences between wh...
Jul. 25, 2016 09:15 AM EDT Reads: 1,977
SYS-CON Events announced today that 910Telecom will exhibit at the 19th International Cloud Expo, which will take place on November 1–3, 2016, at the Santa Clara Convention Center in Santa Clara, CA. Housed in the classic Denver Gas & Electric Building, 910 15th St., 910Telecom is a carrier-neutral telecom hotel located in the heart of Denver. Adjacent to CenturyLink, AT&T, and Denver Main, 910Telecom offers connectivity to all major carriers, Internet service providers, Internet backbones and ...
Jul. 25, 2016 08:50 AM EDT Reads: 179
SYS-CON Events announced today that Venafi, the Immune System for the Internet™ and the leading provider of Next Generation Trust Protection, will exhibit at @DevOpsSummit at 19th International Cloud Expo, which will take place on November 1–3, 2016, at the Santa Clara Convention Center in Santa Clara, CA. Venafi is the Immune System for the Internet™ that protects the foundation of all cybersecurity – cryptographic keys and digital certificates – so they can't be misused by bad guys in attacks...
Jul. 25, 2016 08:30 AM EDT Reads: 1,261
Large scale deployments present unique planning challenges, system commissioning hurdles between IT and OT and demand careful system hand-off orchestration. In his session at @ThingsExpo, Jeff Smith, Senior Director and a founding member of Incenergy, will discuss some of the key tactics to ensure delivery success based on his experience of the last two years deploying Industrial IoT systems across four continents.
Jul. 25, 2016 06:00 AM EDT Reads: 1,466
There will be new vendors providing applications, middleware, and connected devices to support the thriving IoT ecosystem. This essentially means that electronic device manufacturers will also be in the software business. Many will be new to building embedded software or robust software. This creates an increased importance on software quality, particularly within the Industrial Internet of Things where business-critical applications are becoming dependent on products controlled by software. Qua...
Jul. 25, 2016 05:45 AM EDT Reads: 1,355
SYS-CON Events has announced today that Roger Strukhoff has been named conference chair of Cloud Expo and @ThingsExpo 2016 Silicon Valley. The 19th Cloud Expo and 6th @ThingsExpo will take place on November 1-3, 2016, at the Santa Clara Convention Center in Santa Clara, CA. "The Internet of Things brings trillions of dollars of opportunity to developers and enterprise IT, no matter how you measure it," stated Roger Strukhoff. "More importantly, it leverages the power of devices and the Interne...
Jul. 25, 2016 05:00 AM EDT Reads: 2,014
Machine Learning helps make complex systems more efficient. By applying advanced Machine Learning techniques such as Cognitive Fingerprinting, wind project operators can utilize these tools to learn from collected data, detect regular patterns, and optimize their own operations. In his session at 18th Cloud Expo, Stuart Gillen, Director of Business Development at SparkCognition, discussed how research has demonstrated the value of Machine Learning in delivering next generation analytics to imp...
Jul. 25, 2016 04:15 AM EDT Reads: 2,400
In addition to all the benefits, IoT is also bringing new kind of customer experience challenges - cars that unlock themselves, thermostats turning houses into saunas and baby video monitors broadcasting over the internet. This list can only increase because while IoT services should be intuitive and simple to use, the delivery ecosystem is a myriad of potential problems as IoT explodes complexity. So finding a performance issue is like finding the proverbial needle in the haystack.
Jul. 25, 2016 03:45 AM EDT Reads: 2,172
The Internet of Things will challenge the status quo of how IT and development organizations operate. Or will it? Certainly the fog layer of IoT requires special insights about data ontology, security and transactional integrity. But the developmental challenges are the same: People, Process and Platform. In his session at @ThingsExpo, Craig Sproule, CEO of Metavine, demonstrated how to move beyond today's coding paradigm and shared the must-have mindsets for removing complexity from the develo...
Jul. 25, 2016 01:45 AM EDT Reads: 1,236
SYS-CON Events announced today that MangoApps will exhibit at the 19th International Cloud Expo, which will take place on November 1–3, 2016, at the Santa Clara Convention Center in Santa Clara, CA. MangoApps provides modern company intranets and team collaboration software, allowing workers to stay connected and productive from anywhere in the world and from any device.
Jul. 25, 2016 01:30 AM EDT Reads: 1,259
Basho Technologies has announced the latest release of Basho Riak TS, version 1.3. Riak TS is an enterprise-grade NoSQL database optimized for Internet of Things (IoT). The open source version enables developers to download the software for free and use it in production as well as make contributions to the code and develop applications around Riak TS. Enhancements to Riak TS make it quick, easy and cost-effective to spin up an instance to test new ideas and build IoT applications. In addition to...
Jul. 25, 2016 12:30 AM EDT Reads: 1,881
The 19th International Cloud Expo has announced that its Call for Papers is open. Cloud Expo, to be held November 1-3, 2016, at the Santa Clara Convention Center in Santa Clara, CA, brings together Cloud Computing, Big Data, Internet of Things, DevOps, Digital Transformation, Microservices and WebRTC to one location. With cloud computing driving a higher percentage of enterprise IT budgets every year, it becomes increasingly important to plant your flag in this fast-expanding business opportuni...
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text:
|Publication number
|Publication type
|Application number
|Publication date
|Feb 8, 1983
|Filing date
|Dec 24, 1980
|Priority date
|Dec 24, 1980
|Fee status
|Also published as
|Publication number
|Alan J. Olson, Robert G. Vielhaber
|Original Assignee
|The B. F. Goodrich Company
|Export Citation
|BiBTeX, EndNote, RefMan
|Patent Citations (3), Referenced by (19), Classifications (15), Legal Events (5)
|External Links: USPTO, USPTO Assignment, Espacenet
The recovery of chlorinated poly(vinyl chloride), ("CPVC") in its solid state is generally not a problem because it is produced by the chlorination of solid poly(vinyl chloride) ("PVC") which remains solid both during and after it is chlorinated. Thus, whether the PVC is chlorinated with gaseous chlorine ("Cl2 ") as a suspension in an inert liquid medium (which liquid does not react with PVC), whether the liquid medium is aqueous or nonaqueous, or whether chlorination is effected either thermally or in the presence of ultraviolet light, the solid CPVC formed is recovered by the relatively simple expedient of separating the solid CPVC from the liquid phase in which the solid CPVC is suspended. Most commercially used CPVC is produced by the chlorination of an aqueous suspension of PVC such as is described in U.S. Pat. No. 2,996,489, and recovery of the solid CPVC is by centrifuging and drying. On the other hand, if PVC is chlorinated in a fluid bed of solids by reaction with gaseous chlorine, the separation problem is avoided altogether.
In a recently discovered process described in copending application Ser. No. 228,538 filed Jan. 28, 1981, now U.S. Pat. No. 4,350,798, the disclosure of which is incorporated by reference thereto as if fully set forth herein, there is described a process for the chlorination of solid PVC in a liquid Cl2 medium which simultaneously serves a three-fold function. Liquid Cl2 provides the medium in which the PVC is suspended; it is the essential reactant which effects chlorination of the PVC, and it is a solvent for the CPVC after it is formed, resulting in a syrup-like solution. The problem arises when one desires to recover the CPVC in solid form. The CPVC must first be precipitated from the solution in solid form, and the solid must then be separated from the liquid.
Chlorination of PVC in solution ("solution chlorination") is well-known. The CPVC is known to be recovered from its solution by evaporation of the solvent leaving a solid hard mass of CPVC which is difficult to pulverize even at relatively low temperatures. To obtain a finely divided solid, the mass of CPVC obtained is preferably dissolved in a solvent such as hot tetrahydrofuran (THF) and recovered from such a solution by concentrating the THF. Still another method of recovering solid finely divided CPVC from its solution in liquid Cl2 is to pour the solution into methanol. This produces a mass of irregularly shaped large solids rather than a powder which is preferred if not essential in the marketplace. Neither of the foregoing methods for recovering solid CPVC from its solution in liquid Cl2 is economically desirable. The method of recovery of this invention provides a simple, convenient and economical method of obtaining solid CPVC in a desirable finely divided form.
It has been discovered that solid chlorinated poly(vinyl chloride), ("CPVC"), in a desirable particulate form, may be recovered from its solution in liquid Cl2 (hereafter "CPVC-Cl syrup" for brevity) by adding the syrup to a large amount of a bifunctional liquid such as a halogenated lower alkane ("HLA") to provide a dual function, namely, (i) to dissolve Cl2 in the syrup, and (ii) to precipitate the CPVC from the syrup as a finely divided solid.
It is therefore a general object of this invention to provide a process for recovering discrete solid finely divided particles of CPVC from a CPVC-Cl syrup by (a) adding the syrup to a bifunctional liquid, (b) recovering solid, particulate CPVC from the liquid mixture of bifunctional liquid and Cl2 from which liquid mixture the CPVC is precipitated, and (c) separating the bifunctional liquid from the Cl2 so that each may be reused.
It has further been discovered that the physical characteristics of CPVC precipitated by adding a CPVC-Cl syrup to a bifunctional liquid are different from those obtained by adding the bifunctional liquid to the syrup in an amount sufficient to precipitate the CPVC.
It is a specific object of this process to utilize a halogenated lower alkane ("HLA" for brevity) as the bifunctional liquid to recover a finely divided solid CPVC polymer from a CPVC-Cl syrup containing variable amounts of hydrogen chloride less than 10 percent by weight of the Cl2, by adding the syrup to enough HLA to precipitate substantially all the CPVC from the mixture of CPVC solution and HLA, and thereafter discharging a three component mixture so formed into a separator for the discrete solid particles precipitated. The syrup is discharged into a precipitation tank under gravity, and the contents of the precipitation tank are discharged into a solids separator by gravity, providing a "cascade flow" of materials.
It has also been discovered that a cold CPVC-Cl syrup at a temperature in the range from about -80� C. to about 0� C., may be poured into a mass of 1,1,1-chlorodifluoro-2,2,2-dichlorofluoroethane (also referred to as "trichlorotrifluoroethane", and hereafter for brevity, as "TCTFE"), at a much higher temperature than the cold syrup without undue danger. Since the TCTFE substantially immediately dissolves the liquid Cl2 and the CPVC is essentially insoluble in the Cl2 -TCTFE solution, the CPVC is precipitated as a finely divided particulate solid the size range of the particles being controllable by the process conditions under which the CPVC solution is added to the HLA.
The foregoing and other objects and advantages of our invention will appear more fully from the following description, made in connection with the accompanying drawing, of a preferred embodiment of the invention, wherein:
FIG. 1 is a process flow diagram schematically illustrating the steps of the process of the invention as carried out in pilot plant equipment designed for a batch process.
In a preferred embodiment this invention is directed to obtaining solid particulate CPVC from its solution in liquid Cl2. By "CPVC" we refer to a chlorinated homopolymer of vinyl chloride, and still more particularly, to the homogeneously chlorinated poly(vinyl chloride) obtained by the reaction of solid poly(vinyl chloride), ("PVC"), with liquid Cl2 in which it is suspended while it is exposed to actinic radiation (ultraviolet light). By "homogeneously chlorinated" we refer to the chlorination of PVC in such a way that when the Cl content of the CPVC is at least 65% by wt, the ratio of residual mols of PVC present as a block or run (sequence) of at least 3 vinyl chloride ("VC") units, to the mols of total VC units is less than 0.30. A detailed description of this liquid Cl2 chlorination of PVC, and the CPVC formed thereby, will be found in copending patent application Ser. No. 228,538, now U.S. Pat. No. 4,350,798 referred to hereinbefore.
In the preferred embodiment described herein, a HLA is used, but any other bifunctional liquid may be used provided, under the operating conditions of the process, (i) liquid Cl2 is substantially completely soluble in the bifunctional liquid, and (ii) CPVC is essentially insoluble in the bifunctional liquid. By `substantially completely soluble` we mean a solubility of at least 20 parts of liquid Cl2 per 100 parts of bifunctional liquid, and by `essentially insoluble` we mean a solubility of less than about 100 parts per million (ppm). These essential criteria are best met by a HLA, the particular choice of the one used depending upon the process economics and the particular physical characteristics of the CPVC recovered.
Referring now to FIG. 1 there is schematically illustrated a jacketed reactor 10 made of suitable corrosion resistant material such as Hastalloy, designed to be operated at elevated pressure sufficient to ensure that liquid chlorine in the reactor is maintained in a liquid phase. The reactor 10 is equipped with ultraviolet lamps, identified by reference symbol L, of suitable intensity sufficient to photoilluminate solid porous macrogranules of PVC suspended in the liquid Cl2 so as to cause the PVC to react with the Cl2 and form CPVC which is dissolved in the liquid Cl2. The reactor 10 is also equipped with a paddle-type stirrer 11 driven by an electric motor M1 which keeps the suspension of PVC in liquid Cl2 thoroughly agitated. In addition, the reactor is equipped with nozzles (not specifically identified) in its cover 12, to permit flushing it with an inert gas such as nitrogen when desired, and to carry off gaseous HCl generated during the chlorination reaction in which HCl some Cl2 may be entrained. Nozzles 13 and 14 allow a low temperature heat exchange fluid ("cryogen") to be introduced into, and discharged from, the jacket of the reactor so as to maintain its contents at any preselected temperature at the pressure chosen for its operation.
The PVC to be chlorinated is preferably high molecular weight PVC homopolymer in the range from about 100,000 to about 1,000,000, and is preferably in the form of solid porous macrogranules. The particular process by which the solid PVC is formed, whether by suspension, emulsion or mass polymerization, is immaterial, the recovery of CPVC formed by chlorination of the PVC in liquid Cl2 being effective so long as the CPVC is present as a solution in liquid Cl2. Most preferred for chlorination is PVC produced in an aqueous suspension.
The photochlorination process of this invention is carried out at a temperature below the condensation point of Cl2 as it is critical that the Cl2 be absorbed within the macrogranules of PVC and that Cl2 be present in the liquid state, under the pressure conditions of the reaction. By the term "absorbed" I refer to liquid chlorine held within a macrogranule, irrespective of whether the precise mechanism of holding the chlorine entails absorption, adsorption, chemisorption or physiosorption. It is more preferred that the temperature of reaction be substantially below the condensation point of Cl2 at the pressure at which the reaction is to be carried out. This preferred temperature of reaction is in the range from about -50� C. to about 50� C., though a temperature as high as 70� C. is operable. At atmospheric pressure this temperature of reaction is preferably in the range from about -50� C. to about -40� C., though lower temperatures as low as about -80� C. may be employed. At 100 psig, the reaction temperature is about 25� C., and even higher pressures and correspondingly high temperatures may be used. However, above about 100 psig the benefits due to better diffusivity of liquid Cl2 into the macrogranules of PVC begin to be vitiated by the economic penalties of operating at the higher pressures.
Liquid chlorine is absorbed into macrogranules of PVC by pumping the liquid into a mass of granules which is being mildly agitated so as to present fresh macrogranule surfaces to the liquid which is quickly absorbed into the macrogranules thus coming into contact with the primary particles which constitute a macrogranule. The amount of liquid Cl2 charged to the mass of PVC to be chlorinated is in the range from about 5 parts to about 50 parts by weight chlorine per part by weight of PVC. In this range, and in the more preferred range of from about 5 to about 20 parts by weight liquid Cl2 per part by weight of PVC, the mass appears to be a flowable liquid slurry.
Calculations indicate that 1.13 parts by weight liquid Cl2 per part of PVC is sufficient to yield, theoretically, a CPVC with a chemically bound Cl content of 73.1%; but, unless a large excess of Cl2 at least 5 times as much by weight as the amount of PVC is used, the PVC will not be homogeneously chlorinated. The precise amount of Cl actually introduced into the polymer after the chlorination reaction is completed will further depend upon the time of the reaction, the intensity of the ultraviolet radiation, and the physical and chemical characteristics of the PVC starting material. It will be evident that the physical and chemical characteristics of the CPVC product will vary according to the process conditions under which it was formed, and that a particular CPVC product may be obtained by routine and simple trial and error to stabilize all the variables.
Liquid Cl2 is charged to the reactor from a first Cl2 cylinder 15 on a weigh scale 16, the amount of Cl2 charged depending mainly upon the amount of solid PVC to be batch-chlorinated in the reactor. Since a more preferred temperature for chlorination is in the range from about -30� C. to about 25� C., and still more preferably in the range from about -10� C. to about 15� C., it is generally desirable to cool the Cl2 drawn from the cylinder 15 in a heat exchanger 17 through which a cryogen from a refrigeration system R is circulated. After a period of time during which liquid Cl2 is absorbed into the PVC macrogranules and swells them, the lamps L are turned on. Agitation is continued until the desired degree of chlorination is achieved, that is, a preselected level of Cl2 is introduced into the PVC. This level is determined by simple trial and error. The amount of Cl2 vapor entrained with HCl evolved during reaction depends upon the process conditions chosen, particularly the pressure and temperature under which the reactor is operated. Where the entrainment of Cl2 is significant, it is desirable to condense the Cl2 vapors in a heat exchanger 18 through which cryogen from the refrigeration system R is circulated (connecting lines to R are not shown). The HCl vapors from the exchanger 18 are led to a HCl recovery system in which they are used as a reactant for another process. Liquid Cl2 from exchanger 18 is returned by pump 19 to the reactor 10, to be reused.
After the chlorination is completed, valve 22 is opened and the resulting CPVC-Cl syrup is discharged into a precipitation tank 20 containing a liquid HLA at a temperature in the range from about -30� C. to about 50� C., and more preferably at a temperature in the range from about -10� C. to about 25� C. Tank 20 is preferably also jacketed for circulation of a heat exchange fluid, whether for cooling with cryogen or heating with steam (say), to control the temperature of the tank's contents; and, the tank is fitted with a paddle stirrer 21 driven by an electric motor M2 to agitate the contents of the tank.
For acceptable operation of the process of this invention, any halogenated lower alkane may be used, provided that, under operating conditions of the process, the HLA meets the essential criteria for a bifunctional liquid set forth hereinbefore. A preferred HLA is chosen from among the chlorinated and/or fluorinated derivatives of a lower alkane having from 1 to about 6 carbon atoms, and more preferably from chlorinated and fluorinated derivatives of methane and ethane, and particularly monochlorodifluoromethane, monochloropentafluoroethane, dichlorodifluoromethane-("DCDFM"), 1,1-chlorodifluoro-2,2-chlorodifluoroethane, dichlorofluoromethane, tetrachlorofluoromethane, 1,1-bromodifluoro-2,2-bromodifluoroethane, 1,1,1-chlorodifluoro-2,2,2-dichlorofluoroethane ("TCTFE"), and 1,1,1-chlorodifluoro-2,2-dichlorofluoroethane, commercially available as Freon� brand fluorocarbons from the E. I. duPont de Nemours Co. More preferred are those fluorocarbons having a boiling point in the range from about -30� C. to about 48� C., the particular fluorocarbon chosen depending upon its availability at reasonable cost, and the process conditions deemed most economical for its ability to dissolve liquid Cl2 and be freed from it.
It has been found that an HLA derived from methane is not as easily freed from the CPVC formed as is an HLA derived from ethane. However, where freeing the HLA from the CPVC is not important, or where it may be desirable to have a significant concentration of the HLA remain with the CPVC, as for example where the CPVC solid cake is converted to a CPVC foam, the methane derivatives, and in particular, DCDFM, may be preferred.
When TCTFE (commercially available as Freon-113) is used, it is found that the contents of the preferably pressurized reactor 10 may be directly discharged into the precipitation tank containing TCTFE, causing Cl2 to dissolve in the TCTFE and precipitating solid finely divided CPVC. The temperature of the TCTFE prior to the addition of the CPVC solution is not critical but it is preferred that it be no higher than about 50� C. It will be evident to one skilled in the art that an optimum temperature at which the components CPVC, liquid Cl2 and TCTFE form a three-component mixture in the precipitation tank, will be determined by the economics of an energy balance.
It is not critical how much TCTFE is charged to the precipitation tank 20 before the CPVC-Cl syrup is added to the TCTFE to precipitate the CPVC, but it will be apparent that it is desirable to precipitate essentially all the CPVC. To do so effectively, essentially all the liquid Cl2 should be dissolved in the TCTFE and enough TCTFE must be available to do this. When it is determined that essentially all the CPVC has been precipitated, valve 23 is opened and the contents of the precipitation tank are discharged to a suitable filter means such as a rotary filter 30, or alternatively to a centrifuge, to recover the CPVC as a filter cake of discrete finely divided solids. The filtrate is a solution of TCTFE and liquid Cl2 which filtrate is pumped by a filtrate pump 31 to a recovery system for separating and recovering TCTFE and liquid Cl2.
A preferred recovery system takes advantage of the considerable spread between the boiling points of TCTFE and liquid Cl2 which allows Cl2 to be easily stripped from the TCTFE in a Cl2 stripper 40 provided with a suitable reboiler (not shown). Where dichlorodifluoromethane ("DCDFM" for brevity, or Freon-12) is used, the Cl2 may be recovered by simple distillation under pressure. The separation effected in either case is excellent since no azeotrope is formed between chlorine and either DCDFM or TCTFE under desirable operating conditions. Overhead vapors of Cl2 from the stripper are condensed in a heat exchanger 41 through which a cryogen from the refrigeration system R is circulated. Condensed liquid Cl2 is held in a second cylinder 42 from which it may be returned by pump 43 to the reactor 10. The TCTFE is withdrawn as stripper bottoms and is held in an accumulator 44 from which it is returned by pump 45 to the precipitation tank for reuse in the process.
It may be desirable to add a small amount of HLA to the reactor during or soon after chlorination of the PVC is completed, simply to thin the syrup. Such small additions, much less than required to precipitate the CPVC from the syrup have no discernible effect on the physical characteristics of the solid CPVC precipitated by adding the syrup, even if thinned with TCTFE, to the TCTFE held in the precipitation tank. It is important in this process that, when CPVC is to be precipitated, the TCTFE be charged to the precipitation tank 20 before the syrup is discharged into it, or the morphology of the solid CPVC precipitated will not be the same as when the order is reversed. That is, the morphology of the CPVC recovered will be different if the TCTFE or other HLA is added to the syrup. The morphology of the solid CPVC affects its processability, and depending upon the processing requirements and properties sought in the finished article, the order of addition of syrup to solvent, or vice versa, is of critical importance.
In the following example, all `parts` referred to are `parts by weight` unless otherwise specified.
In a typical pilot plant run, 400 parts by wt of macrogranules of Geon� 103EPF76 poly(vinyl chloride) resin, a general purpose resin containing about 56.7% by wt Cl, are charged to the jacketed reactor fitted with a paddle stirrer, and a bank of ultraviolet lights some or all of which may be turned on, as desired. Liquid cryogen such as a chilled brine solution, is circulated through the jacket of the reactor so as to keep chlorine in the liquid state at the pressure and temperature at which the chlorination reaction is to be carried out. After charging the reactor with PVC the reactor and its contents are subjected to vacuum, or flushed with an inert gas, preferably nitrogen. Thereafter, liquid chlorine is sprayed into the reactor while the macrogranules of PVC are being slowly churned by the paddle stirrer, until 8000 parts of liquid Cl2 are charged.
The PVC macrogranules form a suspension which is easily agitated by the paddle stirrer in the reactor. After a period of about 30 mins it is found that most of the macrogranules have swollen. In this swollen condition they are ready for photochlorination which is effected by turning on the bank of ultraviolet lights. The lights are left on for as long as is required to produce the desired Cl content in the CPVC, this time being arrived at by trial and error for the particular temperature and pressure conditions of the reactor. The period of irradiation is generally in the range from about 4 to about 9 hours depending upon the particular physical characteristics of the reactor, of the PVC, the amount of PVC, and the intensity of the lights. A more preferred time for irradiation is in the range from about 5 to about 6 hours. While the suspension of PVC in liquid Cl2 is being irradiated, it is continuously slowly stirred to facilitate evolution of HCl and Cl2 from the reaction mass, and to permit more uniform chlorination of the PVC. For economic reasons the preferred temperature of operation is in the range from about 0� C. to about 35� C., and the chlorine evolved is condensed and returned to the reactor for another run; the HCl evolved is recovered for use in another reaction. At the end of the reaction, a thick syrupy solution of CPVC in liquid Cl2 is obtained. HCl gas evolved during the chlorination reaction is removed through the reactor cover and disposed of by scrubbing with alkaline solution.
The precipitation tank 20 is charged with about five times as much TCTFE as there is syrupy solution in the reactor, and the TCTFE is preferably cooled below room temperature, preferably in the range from about 0� C. to about 10� C. by circulating cryogen in the tank's jacket. Then the solution from the reactor is discharged into the precipitation tank, with stirring. Solid CPVC commences to precipitate while the liquid Cl2 forms a solution with the TCTFE, and because the overall heat balance for forming the three component mixture of solid CPVC, liquid Cl2 and TCTFE is endothermic, the temperature of the mixture falls. If the temperature falls below about -10� C. it is preferable to inject some steam into the jacket of the precipitation tank to raise the temperature into the preferred range. It is noted that the TCTFE-liquid Cl2 solution turns dark yellow with the CPVC suspended in it, and that if there is an insufficient amount of TCTFE in the tank to dissolve all the liquid Cl2 then vapors of Cl2 will escape with the HCl.
After substantially all the solid CPVC is precipitated from solution, the contents of the precipitation tank are discharged to a rotary filter from which solid CPVC cake is removed and dried to rid it of the TCTFE-liquid Cl2 solution which wets the cake. About 515 parts dry finely divided solid CPVC in the size range from 325 mesh and smaller, to 6 mesh and larger, U.S. Standard, are recovered indicating that essentially all the PVC has been converted.
The filtrate from the rotary filter is pumped to the upper section of the Cl2 stripper which is operated at a temperature in the range from about -10� C. to about 25� C. TCTFE bottoms from the stripper is recycled to the precipitation tank. Cl2 vapors taken overhead are condensed and held in the cylinder 42 from which they may be recycled as desired. It is preferred to operate the stripper at as high a pressure as is economically justifiable and a correspondingly high temperature. It is most preferred to operate the stripper at a temperature in the range from about 0� C. to about 25� C. though substantially higher temperatures at least up to about 50� C. may be used.
|Cited Patent
|Filing date
|Publication date
|Mar 30, 1946
|Sep 6, 1949
|Pierce Lab Inc
|Chlorination of polyethylene
|Dec 12, 1945
|Oct 16, 1951
|Niagara Alkali Company
|Chlorinating process
|Apr 1, 1958
|Nov 6, 1962
|Exxon Research Engineering Co
|Process for preparing halogenated copolymers
|Citing Patent
|Filing date
|Publication date
|Oct 14, 1992
|Oct 25, 1994
|The B.F. Goodrich Company
|Process for the complete neutralization of chlorinated polyvinyl chloride and product resulting therefrom
|Jun 20, 2005
|Aug 19, 2008
|Exxonmobil Chemical Patents Inc.
|Polymerization process
|Jun 20, 2005
|Feb 16, 2010
|Exxonmobil Chemical Patents Inc.
|Impact copolymers
|Jun 20, 2005
|Sep 21, 2010
|Exxonmobil Chemical Patents Inc.
|Polymerization process
|Jun 20, 2005
|Dec 28, 2010
|Exxonmobil Chemical Patents Inc.
|Polymer recovery method
|Jun 20, 2005
|Jul 19, 2011
|Exxonmobil Chemical Patents Inc.
|Polymerization process
|May 8, 2006
|Oct 9, 2012
|Fujifilm Corporation
|Method of producing organic-particles-dispersion liquid
|Nov 8, 2006
|Nov 27, 2012
|Fujifilm Corporation
|Method of producing organic nanoparticles, organic nanoparticles thus obtained, inkjet ink for color filter, colored photosensitive resin composition and photosensitive resin transfer material, containing the same, and color filter, liquid crystal display device and CCD device, prepared using the same
|May 8, 2006
|Mar 25, 2014
|Fujifilm Corporation
|Method of concentrating nanoparticles and method of deaggregating aggregated nanoparticles
|Jun 20, 2005
|Aug 23, 2007
|Peijun Jiang
|Polymerization Process
|Jun 20, 2005
|Oct 18, 2007
|Exxonmobil Chemical Patents Inc.
|Polymerization Process
|Jun 20, 2005
|Feb 7, 2008
|Peijun Jiang
|Polymerization Process
|May 8, 2006
|Feb 19, 2009
|Yousuke Miyashita
|Method of producing organic particles and production apparatus usable for the same
|Nov 8, 2006
|Mar 5, 2009
|Keisuke Matsumoto
|Method of producing organic nanoparticles, organic nanoparticles thus obtained, inkjet ink for color filter, colored photosensitive resin composition and photosensitive resin transfer material, containing the same, and color filter, liquid crystal display device and ccd device, prepared using the same
|May 8, 2006
|Mar 12, 2009
|Takayuki Kusano
|Method of producing organic-particles-dispersion liquid
|May 8, 2006
|Mar 19, 2009
|Fujifilm Corporation
|Method of concentrating nanoparticles and method of deaggregating aggregated nanoparticles
|Jun 20, 2005
|May 7, 2009
|Exxonmobil Chemical Patents Inc.
|Polymer recovery method
|Apr 28, 2014
|Jul 23, 2015
|Kaneka Corporation
|Method for producing chlorinated polyvinyl chloride resin
|Jun 20, 2005
|Jan 26, 2006
|Exxonmobil Chemical Patents Inc.
|Polymer recovery method
|U.S. Classification
|528/491, 525/356
|International Classification
|Cooperative Classification
|European Classification
|Jul 14, 1986
|Fee payment
Year of fee payment: 4
|Jun 27, 1990
|Fee payment
Year of fee payment: 8
|Sep 13, 1994
|Maintenance fee reminder mailed
|Feb 5, 1995
|Lapse for failure to pay maintenance fees
|Apr 18, 1995
|Expired due to failure to pay maintenance fee
Effective date: 19950208


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Parakeet's debut single, Tomorrow, will be released on April 2nd, 2011. It is lead single from their debut album, which will be released mid-2012. You can pre order the 7 inch disc on their website, or download the song for free via their Souncloud page.
Continue: Parakeet - Tomorrow
The 1969 session, including the only known recording of 'Sunshine Woman' by the band, will be included on a re-issue of 'The Complete BBC Sessions'...
The 55 year old actor joined Chris Martin and co. on stage in New Jersey to perform 'Earth Angel' and 'Johnny B. Goode'.
Bjork Digital comes to London's Somerset House in September, along with a single live show at the Royal Albert Hall.
Kim Kardashian released an audio excerpt from a phone call between Kanye and Taylor Swift over the lyrics of 'Famous' - but if it was recorded...
There's very much a strength of conviction in remaining what you were, but arguably more so in becoming what you want to be.
The BBC drama starring Aidan Turner returns to BBC One on September 4th.
Guns N' Roses were detained at the Canadian border last week for gun possession but they're adamant the weapon didn't belong to them.


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Employment Law This Week: Password Sharing, Organizing Mixed Units, Mental Health Accommodations, Privacy Shield
4 Tips to Make Your Patent Portfolio AIA Ready
Trademark Basics for Business Owners
Copyright Basics for Business Owners
FCPA Compliance and Ethics Report-Episode 257-John Boscariol on facilitation payments
Employment Law This Week: Constructive Discharge Claims, Class Waivers, Hiring Bias, Electronic Record-Keeping Rule, Equal Pay
This Week in FCPA-Epiode 6
Employment Law This Week: Defend Trade Secrets Act, Final Overtime Rule, Leave for Disabled Workers, OT Exemption Case
Employment Law This Week: Trade Secrets, Banker Bonus Restrictions, Musicians Are Employees, Misclassification Violates NLRA
Employment Law This Week: $15 Minimum Wage, Dodd-Frank Whistleblower Provision, Transparency in Non-Competes, Protected Activity Under NLRA
Employment Law This Week: Equal Pay, Union Fees, Negative Publicity by Employees, "Commissions" Under FLSA, F-1 STEM OPT Program
Rachelle Dubow on Dealing With Trademark Hijackers In Cuba
Employment Law This Week: Sexual Orientation Discrimination Suits, Tip Pooling, Successor Liability, Trade Secrets, Workplace Solicitation
Employment Law This Week: EEOC on Position Statements, Hispanic Ruled as Race, NLRB on Computer Use, Big Data Privacy, Tip of the Week
FCPA Compliance and Ethics Report-Episode 239-Jonathan Armstrong on EU Privacy Shield
Medical Apps and Devices: The Convergence of FDA, FTC, and State and Federal Regulations
FCPA Compliance and Ethics Report-Episode 221, May the Podcast Be With You Part II-The Empire Strikes Back
Employment Law This Week: FLSA Lawsuits, Restrictive Covenant, PAGA Waiver Ruling, Title VII Claim
Employment Law This Week: Wellness Programs, Arbitration Agreements, Class Action Waivers, Non-Competes
Employment Law This Week – Episode 2
A recent decision from the California Court of Appeal, Fourth Appellate District, ended the hopes and dreams of a copyright owner from receiving a share of the $2.8 billion earned by James Cameron's Avatar film. In this...more
Addressing the termination right given to authors and their heirs under the Copyright Act, the US Court of Appeals for the Sixth Circuit concluded that four siblings could use their right to terminate the transfer their...more
Showtime and Top Rank Slug It out over "Fight of the Century" -
Who said boxing was dead?
Fight fans still bitter over the May 2015 Floyd Mayweather–Manny Pacquiao bout that was far more mega-bore than mega-brawl...more
With its decision in VMG Salsoul v. Ciccone, the Ninth Circuit Court of Appeals created a circuit split that could greatly impact copyright infringement claims based on unlicensed music sampling. For the advertising...more
Norway has positioned itself as the leader in the "Slow TV" movement. I'm not sure it's a movement, actually. Norway is really the only place I know of that this is going on (C-SPAN and golf aside). Slow TV is live coverage...more
Two years ago, a federal judge rocked the music industry in holding that pre-1972 recordings may be protected under state copyright laws and are protected by California copyright law. This holding, in a case brought against...more
Sixth Circuit concludes that author's 1975 assignment of gospel song "I'll Fly Away" was subject to 2008 termination notice, notwithstanding subsequent 1979 assignment of rights by late composer's wife....more
Last week, the U.S. Supreme Court announced that it will address the issue whether apparel can be protected by copyright law—a question described by the petitioners in the case as "the single most vexing, unresolved question...more
Title II of the Digital Millennium Copyright Act (DMCA) offers safe harbors for qualifying service providers to limit their liability for claims of copyright infringement. To benefit from the Section 512(c) safe harbor, a...more
What rights based in copyright law does a tattoo artist have in a tattoo itself, and to what extent can an artist use those rights to restrict the rights of others, including the people whose skin has been inked?...more
Rarely does one think of copyright issues surrounding how research is conducted for feature films that are based on real life events, but 54 Sudanese refugees are forging that new connection between research and copyright in...more
In copyright infringement action over iconic Led Zeppelin song "Stairway to Heaven" filed more than 40 years after song was first released, district court partially denies defendants' motion for summary judgment, allowing...more
California Court to PGA Tour Caddies: You'll Get Nothing and Like It!
As the full swing of the PGA season rounds the corner, and with the azaleas blooming at Augusta, the trusted confidants of golf's premier players...more
Summaries of Recent Precedential and Informative Appellate Opinions -
Trademark Opinions -
Owners of Foreign Marks May Sue Under Lanham Act Without Using Marks in the US: Belmora LLC v. Bayer Consumer Care AG,...more
We live in a world that has rapidly redefined and blurred the roles of the "creator" of content, as compared to the roles of the "publisher" and "distributor" of such content. A recent case touches on some of the important...more
In dispute over Playboy photos of rapper Azealia Banks, district court denies motion to dismiss copyright infringement and Digital Millennium Copyright Act claims stemming from website's unauthorized addition of its own...more
The loss of David Bowie at the start of this year prompted much discussion of his musical legacy, but less well-publicised was his contribution to finance....more
In a move that is symbolic of the tattered legitimacy of the German Advisory Commission concerning Nazi-looted art in state museums, the heirs of famed and persecuted Jewish art dealer Alfred Flechtheim today suspended the...more
The U.S. Court of Appeals for the Second Circuit has held that the Copyright Act's three-year statute of limitations applies to exclusive licensees thereby precluding a lawsuit against rapper Curtis Jackson, also known as "50...more
Ninth Circuit affirms district court's decision that 2001 letter operated as agreement by heirs of Superman co-creator to transfer to DC Comics rights in Superman, Superboy and Superman advertisements....more
Appellate court finds that claim for breach of contract for contractual royalties brought against Disney by heirs of Terry Gilkyson, songwriter for "The Jungle Book" film, are not time-barred, based on application of...more
Following the Copyright Royalty Board's ruling to raise Pandora's royalty rates, last week Pandora announced new licensing agreements with the country's two largest performing-rights societies, Broadcast Music Inc. and the...more
Even amid the December hustle and bustle of the holidays, my mind is never very far from trademark and patent issues – especially when getting Christmas songs stuck in my head while shopping for friends and family. I'm prone...more
Baldwin v. EMI Feist Catalog, Inc.Addressing issues of copyright ownership and the effectiveness of copyright termination notices, the U.S. Court of Appeals for the Second Circuit reversed the district court's summary...more
Companies love to use third-party content for free. In this era of belt-tightening and slashed marketing budgets, why pay to create photos and videos for advertising and other commercial uses when compelling photos and videos...more
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Shea - Allie Shea & Olivia Shea Monday 6th February 2012 AARP's 11th Annual Movies For Grownups Awards at the Beverly Wilshire Hotel (2 Pictures)
Photo credit: aniel Tanner
Photo credit: aniel Tanner
View All: Shea - Allie Shea & Olivia Shea...
Perry performed 'Rise' and 'Roar' before Clinton accepted the nomination to be the Democrats' presidential candidate.
Bruce Springsteen will release rare tracks from 1966 in new album 'Chapter and Verse', which will accompany his autobiography 'Born To Run'.
There's still no reunion planned though.
Not broadcast in its entirety since 1967, a full restoration will be played in select cinemas to support Ron Howard's 'Eight Days a Week' touring...


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"When you accept money in payment for your effort, you do so only on the conviction that you will exchange it for the product of the effort of others. It is not the moochers or the looters who give value to money. Not an ocean of tears nor all the guns in the world can transform those pieces of paper in your wallet into the bread you will need to survive tomorrow. Those pieces of paper which should have been gold, are a token of honor -- your claim upon the energy of the men who produce. Your wallet is your statement of hope that somewhere in the world around you there are men who will not default on that moral principle which is the root of money." ~ Ayn Rand
Prisoners of Ideology
Submitted by Ali Hassan Massoud on Mon, 2007-03-12 17:00
"The huge expansion of the U.S. prison population has little to do with the level of crime. According to the most reliable data, U.S. crime rates have been stable or in decline since the mid-1970s. With the notable exception of homicide, crime rates in the U.S. are comparable to those of other developed countries that imprison their inhabitants at a much lower rate. Moreover, public concern about crime is not closely correlated with the actual crime rate, but shifts in relation to the amount of attention given to crime in the media and to the level of political rhetoric."
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The Yale Gracey's Car Loon Spin attraction, obviously considered to be the best united attraction at Disneyland
The Yale Gracey's Car Loon Spin entrance is like a jaunt inside the seedy side of Loontown. The attraction cars are formed like Buddie the Cab, and when you drive you can spin them by turning the tires.
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Thursday 28th July 2016
Bantry House & Gardens
County Cork
tel:- +353 (0) 27 50047
web address:-
Bantry House & Gardens :-
Bantry House & Gardens wedding venue is based in County Cork, Ireland
Wedding Trivia:MOST EXPENSIVE DRESSWedding dresses can make a major dent in your budget, but however much you spend it will be nothing compared to the outfit created by French designer Helene Gainville. Estimated to be worth a cool £3.5 million, the dress is embroidered with diamonds mounted on platinum. Not the sort of thing you would want to put in the attic after the wedding day.
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SWPP & BPPA, 6 Bath St, Rhyl, LL18 3EBTel 01745 356935International code (44)firstname.lastname@example.com © 2006-2012 SWPP. All rights reserved. - 16/07/2016 11:12:06


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A subspecialty certification by the Board of Internal Medicine. Practitioners treat diseases of the joints, muscles, bones, and tendons. Rheumatologists diagnose and treat arthritis, back pain, muscle strains, common athletic injuries, etc. They may work closely with other specialists such as orthopaedic surgeons and physical therapists.View More
41-47 of 47
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Using a square peg
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text: Schwarzenegger Marks Four Years of AB 32, Touts Clean Techby Leon Kaye on Wednesday, Oct 6th, 2010 ShareClick to share on Twitter (Opens in new window)Click to share on Facebook (Opens in new window)Click to share on LinkedIn (Opens in new window)Click to share on Google+ (Opens in new window)Click to email this to a friend (Opens in new window)Click to print (Opens in new window)It is not easy being Arnold Schwarzenegger these days. His administration is winding down with his approval ratings in the teens. Democrats barely tolerate him, and fair or not, Californians' tie him to the state's problems.But the Governator is hardly leaving office meekly. He recently toured California, touting the fourth anniversary of AB 32's passing. Schwarzenegger is throwing himself into the fight against Prop 23, and he says he will push for clean technology long after his term as governor expires.In his most weekly YouTube broadcast, Governor Schwarzenegger touted AB 32's success and vowed he would do everything he could to prevent Proposition 32's passage. His support and advocacy of AB 32 fall on four main points:California's economy: Schwarzenegger pointed out that California is the leader in clean tech job creation. With 12,000 clean tech companies established in California, jobs in this space have grown 10-fold since 2005. The results? California businesses attract more clean tech funded capital than the rest of the country combined. Solar technology is one beneficiary: last year only 67 megawatts of power were installed around the country—meanwhile, California has created 3000 more kilowatts of solar. Should Proposition 23 pass, such investment and innovation would screech to a halt.Health: One in six children go to school with an inhaler; air pollution kills more people in Southern California than automobile accidents. Nationwide, 100,000 die from pollution-related causes.Climate change: the governor tied an increase in wildfires, a less reliable water supply, increased inland and coastal flooding, as well as rising sea levels.National Security: Schwarzenegger highlighted Ronald Reagan's now 90-year-old Secretary of State, who is also fighting any postponement or modification of AB 32. He slammed our daily US$1 billion purchase of imported oil, saying we are buying from dictators "who hate us!"With all due respect to Steven Chu, you have to wonder how the Governator would have performed as a Secretary of Energy. He is not a scientist (unless retro sci-fi films count), but he is one polished salesman—whether it was pitching bricklaying, shopping malls, apartment buildings, or restaurants, he has a keen eye for what sells—and when to get out (as he did when bailing out on Planet Hollywood).(Our Proposition 23 Series is sponsored by EOS Climate. Contact the series' editor if you are interested in providing a viewpoint on the Prop 23 debate.) You can watch the video here: Based in Fresno, California, Leon Kaye is a business writer and strategic communications specialist. He has also been featured in The Guardian, Sustainable Brands and CleanTechnica. When he has time, he shares his thoughts on his own site, GreenGoPost.com. Contact him at firstname.lastname@example.com. You can also reach out via Twitter (@LeonKaye) and Instagram (GreenGoPost). Follow Leon Kaye @leonkaye


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So lovely! Thank you! xo
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A project of People For the American Way dedicated to monitoring and exposing the activities of the right-wing movement. Learn More >
Right Wing Round-Up - 11/1/13
Submitted by Kyle Mantyla on Friday, 11/1/2013 5:37 pm
- Matt Gertz @ Media Matters: 60 Minutes Benghazi Report Takes A Huge Credibility Hit.
- Zack Ford @ Think Progress: Defense Secretary Orders States To Provide Same-Sex Benefits To National Guard Servicemembers.
- Hemant Mehta @ Friendly Atheist: Catholic League's Bill Donohue: 'Intelligent People Normally' Believe in God.
- Jeremy Hooper: Professional anti-gay would appreciate it if you stop stealing his English language; he owns it—it's his.
- Towleroad: Sally Kern Weighs in as Oklahoma Tribe Hosts Third Gay Marriage: 'I Find It Kind of Sad.'
- Emily Crockett @ RH Reality Check: Lindsey Graham to Sponsor 20-Week Abortion Ban in Senate.
- David Edwards @ Raw Story: Coulter: Hillary Clinton behind Rafael Cruz' call for Obama to go 'back to Kenya.'
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Games and Movies
Separate names with a comma.
Where is the Source engine? wtf?
Im looking forward to this, WIC was a great game and I wondered why a Soviet point of view wasnt included. Kudos to Massive.
Characters: King K. Rool, Kirby, King Dedede, Bomberman, Bowser Jr. and Meta Knight
Sturm who else but him can bring down a meteor from space to crush his enemy
Who is trully suited to be Black Hole's commander-in-chief?


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Spilled sweet tea on VAIO laptop
Last response: in Laptop Tech Support
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text: Stayed here for one night with my boyfriend, we had a standard double room. The room was spacious and comfortable, and had a bath and shower. The shower was a little temperamental. Our offer included a 3 course meal in the restaurant and the food and service were both excellent. We didn't have a chance to use the facilities although... More


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Father Murphy 1981 | TV Show Watchlist
Season 2, Episode 10 Blood Right
First Aired: December 21, 1982
A famous gunfighter (Phillip Clark), just out of prison, comes to the orphanage to collect his son (Dylan C. Tucker), who believes his father is dead. Merlin Olsen, Katherine Cannon. Willis: Adam Postil. Moses: Moses Gunn.
Guest Cast
Cast & Details See all »
- Premiered: November 3, 1981
- Rating: None
- Premise: Michael Landon created this warm family drama about an 1870s frontiersman who poses as a priest to care for a group of orphans whose parents were killed when their mining town was destroyed. To keep the children from ending up in a workhouse, `Father' Murp… (more)
Trending TonightSee all »
Rush Hour9:01 pm | CBSI'll Watch318 Watching
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Jail: Big Texas9:00 pm | SPIKEI'll Watch108 Watching
Watch This
Who Said It: Taylor Swift or Meredith Grey?
A Horse From Heaven - Father Murphy
By GoodtimesBuy New: $4.73
Father Murphy: In God's Arms
By Goodtimes Home VideoBuy New: $3.95
Michael Landon's Father Murphy: The Ghost of Gold HillBuy New: $1.94
Popular Shows
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