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Looking for things to do with your children this week? Don't miss out! Here's what's happening in the Baltimore / Central Maryland area this week.
All Week Long:
*Curious George is monkeying around at Port Discovery (from 2/6/10 - 6/6/10). Joshua's Journey also continues at Port Discovery with exhibits to show kids the life of a black cowboy on the Chisholm Trail. (1/17/10-4/5/10).
*GPS Adventures (from 2/10-4/18/10) is the latest and greatest traveling exhibit at the Maryland Science Center.
*Celebrate Women's History Month at the B&O Railroad with special exhibits showing the contributions women have made to the railroading industry. This is a month-long event.
*The Maryland Zoo in Baltimore is now open!
*Wear those uniforms! Boy Scouts and Girl Scouts get $1.00 off admission to the B&O Railroad Museum all month long. This is a great deal for families and small groups. Large groups should call for group pricing.
Events for the week of Monday, March 15, 2010 to Sunday, March 21, 2010:
Monday 3/15/10:
*Celebrate the Ides of March with a caesar salad! "Beware of the Ides of March" was only unlucky for Julius Caesar who was killed this day in 44 B.C.
*Barnes & Noble of Bel Air has a special 10:30 am storytime to celebrate St. Patrick's Day.
Tuesday 3/16/10:
*Preschool Story Time at 11:00 am at the Maryland Science Center with the price of admission.
*Parents - be sure to celebrate "Everything You Do Is Right" day!
Wednesday 3/17/10:
*Celebrate St. Patrick's Day! Remember that it is also Irish American Heritage Month.
*Frederick's Barnes & Noble store is celebrating St. Patrick's Day with a special storytime at 10:30am.
*Toddler Time at B&O Railroad Museum at 10:30am. Special activities just for the little ones. Free with admission.
*Come to the Maryland Science Center at 11am for Wiggle Time with the cost of admission.
Thursday 3/18/10:
*Celebrate Absolutely Incredible Kid Day!
Friday 3/19/10:
*The Bel Air Barnes & Noble store will have a special storytime visitor at 10:30 am - Clifford the Big Red Dog! Gather around for a barkin' good time!
Saturday 3/20/10:
*Celebrate the first day of Spring! Rita's Italian Ice is giving away free ice from 12pm -10pm today only!
*Celebrate National Quilting Day! Try a no-sew fleece blanket to start.
*Parents - Debbie Phelps (Olympic Gold Medalist Michael Phelps' mother) will be at the Barnes & Noble store in Bel Air for a discussion and book signing at 11am. Her inspirational story of raising Michael with ADHD right here in Baltimore is exciting.
*The Maryland Science Center has a special program, Spring Into the Equinox, from 12-4pm with the cost of admission to celebrate the first day of Spring. Giveaways, special shows, and more!
Sunday 3/21/10:
*Sniff out the fun! Celebrate Fragrance Day! Make your own scented stickers!
All month long:
*Irish American Heritage Month
*Music in our Schools Month
*National Craft Month
*National Frozen Food Month
*National Nutrition Month
*National Peanut Month
*National Women's History Month
*Poetry Month
*Red Cross Month
*Social Worker's Month
Follow me on Twitter! www.twitter.com/baltobrainwaves


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I have been creating crochet patterns for about 9 years. In the beginning my patterns were pretty scary, but I think all the years of practice (and forcing my kids to wear my creations) has paid off! Hopefully you think so too.
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Oct 8, 2009 8:29 AM
Is it just us, or whenever you find a particularly yummy-smelling candle, you wish it came in a flavored lip balm? Wish no more! Yankee Candle Flavored Lip Balms ($4 each) come in five delectable scented flavors: vanilla cupcake, sweet strawberry, black cherry, buttercream, and vanilla lime. Each comes in a tube designed to look like one of Yankee Candle's famous candle jars, and will be a sweet treat for your pucker all day long. They even contain SPF 15 and are made with beeswax, hemp seed oil, olive oil, and vitamin E to soothe & soften.
I have cupcake and buttercream! best lip balm ever i cant stop putting it on! I gave them out as a favor.. WHAT A HIT!!!!
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News: s-r blog:All-Time NFL Players of the Week on Pro Football Reference
Bryant LyDell Jones
Position: DB
Height: 5-11 Weight: 186 lbs.
Born: December 5, 1963 in Detroit, MI
High School: NorthernCollege: Toledo (school history)
Weighted Career AV (100-95-...): 2 (11632nd overall since 1950)
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text:
|Número de publicación
|Tipo de publicación
|Fecha de publicación
|1 Nov 1966
|Fecha de presentación
|29 Abr 1963
|Fecha de prioridad
|29 Abr 1963
|Número de publicación
|Suer William M Le
|Cesionario original
|Lubrizol Corp
|Exportar cita
|BiBTeX, EndNote, RefMan
|Citas de patentes (5), Citada por (100), Clasificaciones (37)
|Enlaces externos: USPTO, Cesión de USPTO, Espacenet
United States Patent 3,282,955 REACTION PRODUCTS OF ACYLATED NITROGEN INTERMEDIATES AND A BORON COMPOUND William M. Le Suer, Cleveland, Ohio, assignor to The Lubrizol Corporation, Wicklifie, Ohio, a corporation of Ohio No Drawing. Filed Apr. 29, 1963, Ser. No. 276,208 6 Claims. (Cl. 260-3263) This application is a continuation-in-part of co-pending application Ser. No. 132,305, filed August 18, 1961, now U.S. 3,087,963.
This invention relates to oil-soluble nitrogenand boroncontaining compositions and to the process of preparing the same. The compositions of this invention are useful as additives in lubricants, especially lubricants intended for use in internal combustion engines, gears, and power transmitting units.
One of the principal problems associated with present day automobile crankcase lubricants is that posed by the inevitable presence in the lubricant of foreign particles such as dirt, soot, water, and decomposition products resulting from breakdown of the lubricating oil. Even if there were none of this latter contaminant present the very nature of the design of the modern internal combustion engine is such that a significant amount of foreign matter will accumulate in the crankcase. Perhaps the most important of these contaminants is water because it seems to be responsible for the deposition of a mayonnaise-like sludge. It appears that if there were no water present the solid components of the mayonnaise-like sludge would circulate with the oil and be removed by the oil filter. It will be readily appreciated that the deposition of the sludge presents a serious problem with respect to the eflicient operation of the engine and that it is desirable to prevent such deposition of sludge-like material.
The presence of water and the precursors of sludge in a lubricating oil is dependent largely upon the operating temperature of the oil. If the oil is operated at a high temperature the water, of course, will be eliminated by evaporation about as fast as it accumulates. In the absence of water as stated above the other foreign particles will be removed by the filter. At low oil temperatures, on the other hand, water will accumulate and so consequently will sludge. It is apparent that the environment in which a crankcase lubricant is maintained will determine to a large extent the ultimate performance of that lubricant.
High operating temperatures are characteristic of a lubricant in an engine that is run at relatively constant high speed. Thus, in an engine that is run :at 60 miles per hour for a long period of time it is very unlikely that there will be any accumulation of Water and it is similarly unlikely that there will be any formation and deposition of sludge, but in ordinary stop-and-go driving such as is the case with taxicabs, delivery trucks, police cruisers, etc. the crankcase lubricant will be alternately hot and cold, an ideal environment for the accumulation of water. In such cases the formation of sludge is a serious problem. This problem has been with the automotive industry for many years and its solution has been approached by the use of known detergents such as metal phenates and sulfonates but without notable success. Although such known detergents are very elfective in solving the detergency problems associated with motor oils at high temperatures they have not been particularly effective in solving the problems associated with low temperature operatidn or, to put it better, those problems which are associated with crankcase lubricants in engines which are operated at alternating high and low temperatures.
It is accordingly a principal object of this invention to provide novel compositions of matter.
It is also an object of this invention to provide compositions which are adapted for use as additives in hydrocarbon oils.
It is also an object of this invention to provide compositions which are effective as detergents in lubricating compositions.
It is another object of this invention to provide a novel process for the preparation of products which are effective as dispersants in lubricant compositions.
It is another object of this invention to provide novel compositions which are effective dispersants in lubricant compositions intended for use in engines operated at alternating high and low temperatures.
It is another object of this invention to provide improved hydrocarbon oil compositions.
It is anther object of this invention to provide improved lubricating compositions.
It is another object of this invention to provide improved fuel compositions.
These and other objects are achieved in accordance with this invention by providing a process for preparing oilsoluble nitrogenand boron-containing compositions comprising forming an acylated nitrogen intermediate by the reaction of a substantially hydrocarbon-substituted succinic acid-producing compound having at least about 50 aliphatic carbon atoms in the substantially hydrocarbon substituent with at least about one-half equivalent of a hydroxyhydrocarbon amine having the structural formula H-N-R wherein R is selected from the class consisting of hydrogen, hydrocarbon, and hydroxy-hydrocarbon radicals, at least one of the two R radicals in said formula being a hydroxy-hydrocarbon radical, and reacting said acylated nitrogen intermediate with a boron compound selected from the class consisting of boron oxide, boron halides, boron acids, ammonium salts of boron acids, and esters of boron acids in an amount to provide from about 0.1 atomic proportion of boron for each mole of said acylated nitrogen intermediate to about 10 atomic proportions of boron for each atomic proportion of nitrogen of said acylated nitrogen intermediate.
The substantially hydrocarbon-substituted succinic acidproducing compounds from which the acylated nitrogen intermediates of the above process are derived are characterized by the presence Within their molecular structure of a substantially hydrocarbon group having at least about 50 aliphatic carbon atoms and at least one succinic acidproducing group.' They are illustrated by compounds having the structural formula O GHZ-ii-X wherein R is a substantially hydrocarbon radical having at least about 50 aliphatic carbon atoms and X is a halogen, hydroxy, hydrocarbon-oxy, or acyloxy radical.
The substantially hydrocarbon substituent of the succinic acid-producing compounds may contain polar groups provided, however, that the polar groups are not present in proportions sutficiently large to alter significantly the hydrocarbon character of the substituent. The polar groups are exemplified by chloro, bromo, keto, ethereal, aldehydo, and nitro, etc. The upper limit with respect to the proportion of such polar groups in the substituent is approximately 10% based on the weight of the hydrocarbon portion of the substituent.
The sources of the substantially hydrocarbon substitwater or steam to the corresponding acid.' Either the anuent include principally the high molecular weight substantially saturated petroleum fractions and substantially saturated olefin polymers, particularly polymers of monoolefins having from 2 to 30 carbon atoms. The especially useful polymers are the polymers of l-mono-olefins such as ethylene, propene, l-butene, isobutene, l-hexene, lcotene, 2-methyl-I-heptene, 3-cycl0hexyl-1-butene, and 2- methyl-S-propyl-l-hexene. Polymers of medial olefins, i.e., olefins in which the olefinic linkage is not at the terminal position, likewise are useful. They are illustrated by Z-butene, 3-pentene, and 4-octene.
Also useful are the interpolymers of the olefins such as those illustrated above with other interpolymerizable olefinic substances such as aromatic olefins, cyclic olefins, and polyolefins. Such inter-polymers include, for example, those prepared by polymerizing isobutene with styrene; isobutene with butadiene; propene with isoprene; ethylene with piperylene; isobutene with chloroprene; isobutene with p-methyl styrene; 1-hexene with 1,3-hexa- 'diene; l-octene with l-hexene; 1-heptene with l-pentene; 3-methyl-1-butene with l-octene; 3,3-dimethyl-1 pentene with 1-hexene;'isobutene with styrene and piperylene; etc.
The relative proportions of the mono-olefins to the other monomers in the interpolymers influence the stability and oil-solubility of the final products derived from such interpolymers. Thus, for reasons of oil-solubility and stability the interpolymers contemplated for use in this invention should be substantially aliphatic and substantially saturated, i.e., they should contain at least about 80%, preferably at least about 95 on a weight basis of units derived from the aliphatic monoolefins and no more than about 5% of olefinic linkages based on the total number of carbon-to-carbon covalent linkages. In most instances, the percentage of olefinic linkages should be lessthan about 2% of the total number of carbon-tocar-bon covalent linkages.
Specific examples of such inter-polymers include copolymer of 95% (by weight) of isobutene with 5% of styrene; terpolymer of 98% of isobutene with 1% of piperylene and 1% of chloroprene; terpolymer of 95% of isobutene with 2% of l-butene and 3% of l-hexene; terpolymer of 80% of isobutene with 20% of l-pentene and 20% of 1-octene;copolymer of 80% of l-hexene and 20% of l-heptene; terpolymer of 90% of isobutene with 2% of cyclohexene and 8% of propene; and copolymer of 80% of ethylene and 20% of propene. "Another source of the substantially hydrocarbon radical comprises saturated aliphatic hydrocarbon such as highly refined high molecular weight white oils or synthetic alkanes such as are obtained by hydrogenation of high molecular weight olefin polymers illustrated above or high molecular weight olefinic substances.
The use of olefin polymers having molecular weight of about 750-5000 is preferred. Higher molecular weight olefin polymers having molecular weights from about 10,000 to about 100,000 or higher have been found to impart also viscosity index improving properties to the final products of this invention. The use of such higher molecular weight olefin polymers often is desirable.
The substantially saturated, aliphatic hydrocarbon-substituted succinic acids and anhydrides are especially preferred for use as the acid-producing reactant of this process for reasons of the particular effectiveness of the products obtained from such compounds as additives in hydrocarbon oils. The succinic compounds are readily available from the reaction of maleic anhydride with a high molecular weight olefin or a chlorinated hydrocarbon such as the olefin polymer described hereinabove. The reaction involves merely heating the two reactants at a temperature'about 100200 C. The product from such a reaction is an alkenyl succinic anhydride. The alkenyl group may be hydrogenated to an alkyl group. The anhydride may be hydrolyzed by treatment with hydride or the acid may be converted to the corresponding acid halide or ester by reaction with, e.g., phosphorus halide, phenols, or alcohols.
In lieu of the olefins or chlorinated hydrocarbons, other hydrocarbons containing an activating polar substituent, i.e., a substituent which is capable of activating the hydrocarbon molecule in respect to reaction with maleic acid or anhydride, may be used in the. above-illustrated reaction for preparing the succinic compounds.
. Such polar substituents may be illustrated by sulfide, di-
sulfide, nitro, mercaptan, bromine, ketone, or aldehyde radicals. Examples of such polar-substituted hydrocarbons include polypropene sulfide, di-polyisobutene disulfide, nitrated mineral oil, di-polyethylene sulfide, bromin ated polyethylene, etc. Another methoduseful for preparing the succinic acids and anhydrides involves the reaction of itaconic acid with a high molecular weight. olefin or a polar-substituted hydrocarbon at a temperature usually within the range from about 100 C. to about 200 C.
The acid halides of the succinic acids can be prepared by the reaction of the acids or their anhydrideswith a halogenation agent such as phosphorus tri-bromide, phosphorus pentachloride or thionyl chloride. The esters of such acids can be prepared simply by the reaction of the acids or their anhydrides with an alcohol or a phenolic compound such as methanol, ethanol, octadeconal, cyclohexanol, phenol, naphthol, ootylphenol, etc. The esterification is usually promoted by the use of an alkaline catalyst such as sodium hydroxide or sodium alkoxide or an acidic catalyst such. as sulfuric acid. The nature of the alcoholic or phenolic portion of the ester radical appears to have little influence on the utility of such ester as reactant in the process described hereinabove.
The hydroxy-hydrocarbon amines useful in preparing the acylated nitrogen intermediates of the process of this invention are primary and secondary mono-amines conforming for the most part to the structural formula wherein R designates a hydrogen, an inert hydrocarbon, or a hydroxy-hydrocarbon radical and at least one of the two R radicals in the formula is a hydroxy-hydrocarbon radical. Where the R radical is a hydrocarbon radical it may be aromatic, aliphatic, .or cycloaliphatic. It is illustrated by aryl, alkyl, arylalkyl, alkaryl, and cycloalkyl radicals. It will be noted that by an inert hydrocarbon radical is meant a radical which is substantially hydrocarbon in character, i.e., it may contain an inert, polar substituent such as chloro, bromo, iodo, alkoxy, aryloxy, nitro, keto, or aldehyde group insofar as the presence of I such polar substituent does not alter substantially the hydrocarbon character. of the radical. In most instances there should be no more than one such polar substituent in a hydrocarbon radical.
Specific examples of the hydrocarbon radicals are:
methyl, ethyl, isopropyl, n-butyl, isobutyl, n-pentyl, dodecyl, polyisobutene radical (molecular weight of 1500), cyclohexyl, cyclopentyl, 2-heptyl-cyclohexyl, phenyl, naphthyl, p-heptylphenyl, 2,6-di-tertiary-butylphenyl, benzyl, phenylethyl, 3,5-di-dodecylphenyl, chlorophenyl,
alpha-methoxy-beta-naphthyl, p-nitrophenyl, p-phenoxy-,
phenyl, 2-bromoethyl, 3-chlorocyclohexyl, and polypropylene (molecular weight of 300) -substituted phenyl radi- I cal. Alkyl radicals having less than about 30 carbon atoms are especially preferred.
The hydroxy-hydrocarbon radicals include principally the mono-hydroxy-substituted derivatives of the hydro- The hydroxy-alkyl radicals having less than about 8 carbon atoms are pre-,,'
carbon radicals illustrated above.
ferred. Examples of such radicals are hydroxy-methyl, hydroxy-ethyl, 2-hydroxy-propyl, 3-hydroxypropyl, 2-hydroxy-cyclohexyl, Z-hydroxy-cyclopentyl, 2-hydroxy-1- octyl, 1-hydroxy-3-octyl, 1-hydroxy-2-octyl, 2-hydroxy-3- phenyl-cyclohexyl, l-hydroxy-Z-phenylethyl, Z-hydroxy-lphenylethyl, 2-hydroxy-l-p-tolylethyl and 2-hydroxy-3- butyl radicals. Other hydroxy-substituted hydrocarbon radicals are exemplified by 2,5-dihydroxy-phenyl, alphahydroxybeta-naphthyl, 1-hydroxy-4-dodecyl, 3-hydroxy- 6-octadecyl, and p-(p-hydroxy-phenyl)-phenyl radicals.
For reasons of their particular utility in preparing the .acylated nitrogen intermediates useful in the process of this invention, the mono-(hydroxy-alkyl) amines and the di-(hydroxysalkyl) amines having less than about 8 carbon atoms in each 'alkyl group are especially desirable. They are illustrated by ethanolamine (i.e., 2hydroxyethy'l amine) diethan-olamine (i.e., di-(Z-hydroxyethyl) amine), N-hydroxy-propyl octylamine, N-hydroxy-methyl dodecylamine, 9-hydroxy-stearylamine, N-hydroxy-ethyl octadecylami-ne, N-hydroxy-butyl behenylamine, N 'hydroxy-pentyl triacontanylamine, di-(lfl-hydroxy-decyl) amine, etc. Other amines are exemplified by N-hydroxyethyl aniline, N-(hydroxy-p'henyl) methylalmine, N-(ohydroxyphenyl) pchoroaniline, N-hydroxy-ethyl cyclohexylamine, di-(Z hydroxycyclohexyl)amine.
Methods for preparing the hydroxy-hydrocarbon amines are well-known. For instance, they are obtained by the reaction of an epoxide uch as ethylene oxide,
propylene oxide or epichloro'hydrin with ammonia or an amine such as methylamine, aniline, or dodecylamine. They may "also be obtained from the corresponding halohydrocarbon amines such as 2-c'hloroethyl amine by hydrolysis or other means of converting the 'halo radical to the hydroxy radical. Still other methods are available.
The process of forming the acylated nitrogen intermediate by reacting the substantially hydrocarbon substituted succinic acid-producing compound with the hydroxyhydrocarbon amine compound is usually carried out by heating a mixture of the acid-producing compound and the hydroxy hydrocar-bon amine compound at a temperature above about 80 C., preferably within the range from about 100 C. to about 250 C. However, when an acid or anhydride is employed, the process often may be carried out at a lower temperature such as room temperature. The use of a solvent such as benzene, toluene,
naphtha, mineral oil, xylene, n-hexane, or the like is often desirable in the above process to facilitate the control of the reaction temperature.
The relative proportions of the acidproducing compound and the hydroxy-hydrocarbon amine reactant to be used in the :above process are such that at least about one-half of stoichiometrically equivalent amount of the hydroxy-hydrocarbon amine reactant is used for each equivalent of the acid-producing compound used. In this regard it will be noted that the equivalent weight of the hydroxy-[hydlrocarbon amine reactant is its molecular weight. The equivalent weight of the acid-producing compound is based upon the number of the acid-producing radicals define-d by the structural configuration JLX Thus, ethanol amine has one equivalent per mole; and a succinic acid or ester has two equivalents per mole, etc.
The upper limit of the useful amount of the hydroxyhydrocarbon amine reactant appears to be about 2 moles for each equivalent of the acid-producing compound used. Such amount is required, for instance, in the formation of products having predominantly amidine linkages. On the other hand, the lower limit is about one-half equivalent of the hydroxy-hydrocarbon amine reactant used for each equivalent of the acid-producing compound. This lower limit is based upon the stoichiometry for the formation of products having predominantly imide linkages or mixed acid-amide linkages. In most instances, the preferred amount of the nit-rogencontaining reactant is at least about one equivalent for each equivalent of the acid-producing compound used.
6 The boron compounds useful in reaction with the, acylated nitrogen intermediate include boron oxide, boron oxide hydrate, boron trifluoride, boron tribromide, boron trichloride, HBF boron acids such as boronic acid (erg,
alkyl-B (OH) 2 or aryl-B (0H) boric acid, (i.e., H BO tetraboric acid (i.e., H2B407) ,metaboric acid (i.e., HBO amides of such boron acids, and esters of such boron acids. The use of complexes of a boron trihalide with others, organic acids, inorganic acids, or hydrocarbons is a convenient means of introducing the boron reactant into the reaction mixture. Such complexes are known and are exemplified =by boron tr-ifluoride-diethyl ether, boron trifluoride-phenol, boron trifiuoride-phosphoric acid, boron trichloiide-chloroacetic acid, boron tribromide-dioxane, and boron trifluoride methyl ethyl ether.
Specific examples of boronic acids include methyl boroni-c acid, phenyl-boronic acid, cyclohexyl boronic acid, p-heptylphenyl boronic acid and dodecyl boronic acid.
The boron acid esters include especially mono-, di-, and tri-organic esters of boric acid with alcohols or phenols such as, e.g., methanol, ethanol, isopropanol, cyclohexanol, cyclopentanol l-octanol, 2-octanol, dodecanol, behenyl alcohol, oleyl alcohol, stearyl alcohol, benzyl alcc hol, 2-butyl cyclohexanol, ethylene glycol propylene glycol, trimethylene glycol, 1,3-butanediol,2,4-hexanediol, 1,
2-cyclohexanediol, 1,3-octanediol, glycerol, pentaerythritol, diethylene glycol, carbitol, cellosolve, triethylene glycol, tripropylene glycol, phenol, naphthol, p-butylphenol, o,p-dil1eptylphenol, n-cyclohexylphenol, 2,2-bis- (-p-hydroxyphenyUpropa-ne, .polyisobutene (molecular weight of 1500)-substituted phenol, ethylenechlorohydrin, o-ohlorophenol, m-nitrophenol, 6-br-omo-octanol, and 7-keto-decanol. Lower alcohols, 1,2-glycols, and -1,3 tglycols, i.e., those having less than about 8 carbon atoms are especially useful for preparing the boric acid esters for the purpose of this invention.
Methods for preparing the esters of boron acid are known and disclosed in the art (such as Chemical Reviews pages 959-1064, volume 56). Thus, one method involves the reaction of boron trichloride with 3 moles of an alcohol or a phenol to result in a tri-organic borate. Another method involves the reaction of boric oxide with an alcohol or a phenol. Another method involves the direct e'sterification of tetra boric acid with 3 moles of an alcohol or a phenol. Still another method involves the direct esterification of boric acid with a glycol to form, e.g., a cyclic alkylene borate. 5
The ammonium salts of boron acids include principally the salts of boric acid with ammonia or lower alkyl amines, i.e., mono-, di-, .or tri-alkyl amines having less than 12 carbon atoms in each alkyl radical. Salts of ammonia or such amines with any other boron acid illustrated above are also useful. It is often desirable to use a mixture of an ammonium salt and at least a molar amount of Water. Water tends to cause at least a partial hydrolysis of the salt so as to liberate a boron acid.
water; trimet-hylamine salt of boric acid; dicyclo,-hexyl amine salt of boric acid, etc.
The reaction of the acylated nitrogen intermediate with the 'boron compounds r'esults in a product containing boron and substantially all of the nitrogen originally present in the nitrogen reactant. The nature of the product is not clearly understood. Inasmuch as the precise stoichiometry of the reaction is not known, the relative proportions of the reactants to be used in the process are bas'ed primarily upon the consideration of utility of the products for the purposes of this invention. In this regard, useful products are obtained from reaction mixtures in which the reactants are present in relative proportions as to provide from about 0.1 atomic proportion of boron for each mole of the acylated nitrogen intermediate used to about 10 atomic proportions of boron for each atomic proportion of nitrogen of said acylated nitrogen intermediate used. The preferred amounts of r'eactants are such as to provide from about 0.5 atomic proportion of boron for each mole of the acylated nitrogen intermediate to about 2 atomic proportions of boron for each atomic proportion of nitrogen used. To illustrate, the amount of a boron compound having one boron atom p'er molecule to be used with one mole of an acylated nitrogen intermediate ha'vinlg five nitrogen atoms per molecule is within the range from about 0.1 mole to about 50 moles, preferably from about 0.5 to about 10 moles. The atomic proportion may be defined by a mathematical equation such as the following 1 gram-atomic-proportion= Molecular weight of the compound in grams Number of the atoms of the element in question in the molecular structure of the compound The following examples are illustrative of the process for preparing the nitrogenand boron-containing compos'itions of this invention.
' Example 1 A polyisobutene substituted succinic anhydride is prepared by the reaction .of a chlorinated .polyistobutene with maleic anhydride at 200 C. The polyisobu-ten'e radical has an average molecular Weight of 850 and the resulting alkenyl succinic anhydride has an acid number of 100 (corresponding to an equivalent weight of 560). To a mixture of 2000 grams (3.6 equivalents) of this anhydride and 1040 grams of mineral oil and toluene there is added at 120-140 C. diethanolamine (380 grams, 3.6 equivalents). The mixture is heated at 160 180 C. for 6 hours wlh'ereupon 66 grams of water is distilledolf. The residue is cooled to 120 C. and mixed with boric acid (450 grams, 7.3 equivalents). The mixture is heated at 130-150". C. for 6 hours whereupon 140 grams of water is distilled oif. The mixture is then heated to 160 C./ mm. and the residue filtered. The
filtrate has a nitrogen content of 1.2% and a boron content of 2.1%
Example 2 An acylated nitrogen intermediate is obtained by reacting one equivalent of the polyisobutene-substituted succinic anhydride of Example 1 and one equivalent of eth-anolamine at 160 C. in the presence of toluene'as the solvent. A mixture of this acylated nitrogen intermediate and boric acid in relative proportions such as to provide one atomic proportion of boron per atomic proportion of nitrogen is heated at 150 C. for 5 hours and then at 160 C./1 mm. The residue is the nitrogenand boron-containing product.
Example 3 A nitrogenand boron-containing product is obtained by the procedure of Example 2 except that N hydroxyethyl aniline replaces the ethanolami-ne on a nitrogen equivalent basis.
Example 4 A nitrogenand boron-containing product is obtained Example 6 The procedure of Example 2 is repeated except that the acylated nitrogen intermediate is obtained by the reaction of one equivalent of di-(Z-hydroxyoctyl) amine and one equivalent of polypropene (molecularweight of 3000)-substituted succinic anhydride.
Example 7 cluding pesticides, plasticizers, rust-inhibiting agents for treatment of metals, corrosion-inhibiting agents, extreme pressures agents, anti-Wear agents, and detergents.
A principal utility of such products is as additives in lubricants. It has been discovered in accordance with this invention that when used for such purpose the effectiveness of the nitrogenand boron-containing products to impart a specific property to a lubricant is closely related to the size of the substantially hydrocarbon substituent in the succinic radical of acylated nitrogen composition from which such products are derived. More particularly it has been found that products in which the substantially hydrocarbon substituent contains more than about 50 aliphatic carbon atoms are effective to impart oxidation-inlhibiting, corrosion-inhibiting, and detergent properties to a lubricant. It has also been found that the detergent properties of the products diminish sharply with a decrease in the size of the substantially bydrocarbon substituent having less than about '50 aliphatic carbon atoms so that products having less than 35 aliphatic carbon atoms in this substituent are ineffective as detergent additives in lubricants.
The lubricating oils in which the compositions of this invention are useful as additives may be of synthetic, animal, vegetable, or mineral origin. Ordinarily mineral lubricating oils are preferred by reason of their availability, general excellence, and low cost. For certain applications, oi-ls belonging to one of the other three groups may be preferred. For instance, synthetic polyester oils such as didodecyl adipate and di-2-ethylhexyl sebacate are often preferred as jet engine lubricants. Normally the lubricating oils preferred will be fluid oils, ranging in vis-v cosity from about 40 Saybolt Universal Seconds at F. to about 200 Saybolt Universal Seconds at 210 F.
The concentration of the nitrogenand boron-containing compositions as additives in lubricants usually ranges fromabout 0.1% to about 10% by Weight. The optimum concentrations for a particular application depend to a large measure upon the type of service to which the lubricants is to be subjected. Thus, for example, lubricants for use in gasoline internal combustion engines may contain from about 0.5 to about 5% of the additive, whereas lubricating compositions for use in gears and diesel engines may contain as much as 10% or even more of the addi carbon-to-phosphorus linkage such as those prepared by the treatment of an olefin polymer (e.g., polyisobutene having a molecular Weight of 1000) with a phosphorizing agent such as phosphorus trichloride, phosphorus heptasulfide, phosphorus pentasulfide, phosphorus trichloride and sulfur, white phosphorus and a sulfur halide, or phosphorothioic chloride. The most commonly used salts of such acids are those of sodium, potassium, lithium, calcium, magnesium, strontium, and barium.
The term basic salt is used to designate the metal salts wherein the metal is present in stoichiometrically larger amounts than the organic acid radical. The commonly employed methods for preparing the basic salts involves heating a mineral oil solution of an acid with a stoichiometric excess of a metal neutralizing agent such as the metal oxide, hydroxide, carbonate, bicarbonate, or sulfide at a temperature about 50 C. and filtering the resulting mass. The use of 'a promoter in the neutralization step to aid the incorporation of a large excess of metal likewise is known. Examples of compounds useful as the promoter include phenolic substances such as phenol, naphthol, alkylphenol, thiophenol, sulfurized alkylphenol, and condensation products of formaldehyde with a phenolic substance; alcohols such as methanol, 2-propanol, octyl alcohol, Cellosolve, carbitol, ethylene glycol, stearyl alcohol, and cyclohexyl alcohol; amines such as aniline, phenylenediamine, phenothiazine, phenyl-beta-naphthylamine, and dodecylaniine. A particularly eflective method for preparing the basic salts comprises mixing an acid with an excess of a basic alkaline earth metal neutralizing agent, a phenolic promoter compound, and a small amount of water and carbonating the mixture at an elevated temperature such as 60200 C.
The preparation of a basic sulfonate detergent is illustrated as follows: A mixture of 490 parts (by weight) of a mineral oil, 110 parts of water, 61 parts of heptylphenol, 340 parts of barium mahogany sulfonate, and 227 parts of barium oxide is heated at 100 C. for 0.5 hour and then to 150 C. Carbon dioxide is then bubbled into the mixture until the mixture is substantially neutral. The mixture is filtered and the filtrate found to have a sulfate ash content of 25%.
The preparation of a basic barium salt of a phosphorus acid is illustrated as follows: A polyisobutene having a molecular weight of 50,000 is mixed with by weight of phosphorus pentasulfide at 200 C. for 6 hours. The resulting product is hydrolyzed by treatment with steam at 160 C. to produce an acidic intermediate. The acidic intermediate is then converted to a basic salt by mixing with twice its volume of mineral oil, 2 moles of barium hydroxide and 0.7 mole of phenol and carbonating the mixture at 150 C. to produce a fluid product.
Furthermore, the oil-soluble, nitrogenand boron-containing compositions of this invention have the unique effectiveness in enhancing the extreme pressure and corrosion-inhibiting properties of a certain class of additives employed to impart these properties to a lubricant. More specifically, the additives which are so benefited are metal dithiocarbamates, xanthates, the Group II metal phos-.
phorodithioates and their 'epoxide adducts, hindered phenols, sulfurized cycloalkanes, di-alkyl polysulfides, sulturized fatty esters, phosphosulfurized fatty esters, alkaline earth metal salts of alkylated phenols, dialkyl phosphites, triaryl phosphites, and esters of phosphorodithioic acids.
The Group 11 metal phosphorodithioates are the salts of acids having the formula R1 S P Rz \SE{ in which R and R are substantially hydrocarbon radicals. The metals for forming such salts are exemplified by barium, calcium, strontium, zinc, and cadmium. The barium and zinc phosphorodithioates are especially preferred. The substantially hydrocarbon radicals in the phosphorodithioic acid are preferably low or medium molecular weight alkyl radicals and alkylphenyl radicals, i.e., those having from about 1 to about 30 carbon atoms in the alkyl group. Illustrative alkyl radicals include methyl, ethyl, isopropyl, isobutyl, n-butyl, sec-butyl, the various amyl alcohols, n-hexyl, methylisobutyl carbinyl, heptyl, 2-ethylhexyl, diisobutyl, isooctyl, nonyl, behenyl, decyl, etc. Illustrative lower alkylphenyl radicals include butylphenyl, amylphenyl, di-amylphenyl, octylphenyl, etc. Cycloalkyl radicals likewise are useful and these include chiefly cyclohexyl and the lower alkyl-cyclohexyl radicals. Other substantially hydrocarbon radicals likewise are useful such as tetradecyl, octadecyl, eicosyl, butylnaphthyl, hexylnaphthyl, octylnaphthyl, cyclohexylphenyl, naphthenyl, etc. Many substituted hydrocarbon radicals may also be used, e.g., chloropentyl, dichlorophenyl, and dichlorodecyl.
The availability of the phosphorodithioic acids from which the Group 11 metal salts of this invention are prepared is well known. They are prepared by the reaction of phosphorus pentasulfide with an alcohol or phenol. The reaction involves four moles of the alcohol or phenol per mole of phosphorus pentasulfide, and may be carried out within the temperature range from about 50 C. to about 200 C. Thus the preparation of 0,0-di-n-hexyl phosphorodithioic acid involves the reaction of phosphorus pentasulfide with four moles of n-hexyl alcohol at about C. for about 2 hours. Hydrogen sulfide is liberated and the residue is the defined acid. The preparation of the zinc or barium salt of this acid may be effected by reaction with zinc oxide or barium oxide. Simply mixing and heating these two reactants is sufficient to cause the reaction to take place and the resulting product is sufficiently pure for the purposes of this invention.
Especially useful Group 11 metal phosphorodithioates can be prepared from phosphorodithioic acids which in turn are prepared by the reaction of phosphorus pentasulfide with mixtures of alcohols. The use of such mixtures enables the utilization of cheaper alcohols which in themselves do not yield oil-soluble phosphorodithioic acids. Thus a mixture of isopropyl and .hexyl alcohols can be used to produce a very effective, oil-soluble metal phosphorodithioate. For the same reason mixtures of simple phosphorodithioic (i.e., acids prepared from one alcohol) acids can be reacted with zinc oxide or barium oxide to produce less expensive, oil-soluble salts.
Another class of the phosphorothioate additives contemplated for use in the lubricating compositions of this invention comprises the adducts of the metal phosphoro' dithioates described above with an epoxide. The metal phosphorodithioates useful in preparing such adducts are for the most part the zinc phosphorodithioates. The epoxides may be alkylene oxides or arylalkylene oxides. The arylalkylene oxides are exemplified by styrene oxide, pethylstyrene oxide, alpha-me-thylstyrene oxide, 3-betanaphthyl-l,3-butylene oxide, m-dodecyls-tyrene oxide, and p-chlorostyrene oxide. The alkylene oxides include principally the lower alkylene oxides in which the alkylene radical contains 6 or less carbon atoms. Examples of such lower alkylene oxides are ethylene oxide, propylene oxide, 1,2-butene oxide, trimethylene oxide, tetramethylene oxide, butadiene monoepoxide, 1,2-hexene oxide, and propylene epichlorohydrin. Other epoxides useful herein include, for example, butyl 9,10-epoxy-stearate, epoxidized soya bean oil, epoxidized tung oil, and epoxidized copolymer of styrene with butadiene.
The adduct may be obtained by simply mixing the phosphorodithioate and the epoxide. The reaction is usually exothermic and may be carried out within wide temperature limits from about 0 C. to about 200 C. Because the reaction is exothermic it is best carried out by adding one reactant, usually the epoxide, in small increments to the other reactant in order to obtain convenient control of the temperature of the reaction. The reaction may be carried out in a solvent such as benzene, mineral oil, naphtha, or n-hexane.
phorus sesquisulfide, or phosphorus heptasulfide;
The chemical structure of the adduct is not known. More than one mole, sometimes as many as four moles, of the epoxide can be made to combine with the phosphorodithioate to form products useful herein. However, adducts obtained by the reaction of one mole of the phosphorodithioate with from about 0.25 mole to about 1 mole of a lower alkyle-ne oxide, particularly ethylene oxide and propylene oxide, have been found to be especially useful and therefore are preferred.
The hindered phenols are those in which the carbon atoms at both ortho positions to the phenolicgroup contain substantially large substituents so as to cause hinderance of the phenolic group. The common substituents are the secondary and tertiary alkyl radicals such as isopropyl, tert-butyl, tert-pentyl, sec-pentyLcyclohexyl, and tert-octyl radicals. They likewise may be aryl radicals or large polar radicals such as bromo or nitro radicals. Examples of the hindered phenols include 2,6-di-sec-bu-tylphenol, 2,4 di-tert-butylphenol, 2,6 di-tert-octyl-4-sec-pentylphen'ol, 2-tert-pentyl-6-tert-hexylphenol, 2-tert-butyl-6-cyclovhexyl-6-heptylphenol, 4,4'-bis-methylene-(2,6-di-tert-butylphenol) 4,4-methylene-bis 2tert-butyl-6-sec-butylphen-ol), 2,4-dimethyl-6-tert-butylphenol, 2,6-di-tert-butyl-6- methylphenol, and bis-(3,5-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxybenzyl) sulfide.
The sulfurized esters of the fatty acids are obtained by the treatment of the esters with a sulfurizing agent such as sulfur or a sulfur halide, e.g., sulfur monochloride or sulfur dichloride. The esters are exemplified by methyl oleate, methyl stearate, allyl stearate, isopropyl myristate, cyclohexyl ester of tall oil acid, ethyl pa-lmita-te', isooctyl laurate, diester of ethylene glycol with stearic acid, tetraester of pen-taerythritol with stearic acid, etc. Likewise useful are esters of higher alcohols or commercial alcohol mixtures such as octadecyl alcohol and sperm oil alcohol, and phenols such as phenol, naphthol, p-cresol, and o,pdihexylphenol. The sulfurization is effected most conven-. iently at temperatures between 100 C. and 250 C. More than one atom of sulfur can be incorporated into the ester by the use of an excess of the sulfurizing agent. For the purpose of this invention sulfurized esters having as many as 4 or 5 atoms of sulfur per molecule have been found to be useful. Examples include sulfurized sperm oil having a sulfur content of 5%, sulfurized tall oil having a sulfur content of 9%, sulfurized methyl oleate having a sulfur content of 3%, and sulfurized stearyl stearate having a sulfur content of 15%. I
Still another class of the fatty compounds consists of the phosphosulfurized fatty acid ester mentioned above. They are obtained by the treatment of the esters with a phosphorus sulfide, such as phosphorus pentasulfide, phos- The treatment is illustrated by mixing an ester with from about 0.5% to 25% of a phosphorus sulfide at a temperature within the range from 100 C. to 250 C. The product.
contains both phosphorus and sulfur but the precise chemical constitution of such a product is not clearly understood. These and other methods for preparing the sulfurized esters and phosphosulfurized esters are known in the art.
The polysulfides include principally aliphatic and cycloaliphatic disulfides, trisulfides, tetrasulfides, pentasulfides, or higher polysulfides. The term polysulfide designates a compound in which two substantially hydrocarbon radicals are joined to a group consisting of at least 2 sulfur atoms. It is represented for the most part by any of the structural formulas below:
wherein R and R are alkyl or cycloalkyl radicals and n is an integer usually less than 6. The nature of the linkage between the sulfur atoms is not clearly understood. It is believed, however, that such linkage may be described by a single covalent bond, a double bond, or a coordinate.
covalent bond. The polysulfides containing at least about 6 carbon atoms per molecule have greater oil-solubility.
' closed in the art including, for example, the reaction of a chlorohydrocarbon with an alkaline metal polysulfide, the reaction of a mercaptan with sulfur and/or sulfur halide, the reaction of saturated and unsaturated hydrocarbons with sulfur and/or sulfur halides, the reaction of a hydrocarbon monosulfide with sulfur, etc.
The phosphites useful herein are the diand tri-hydrocarbon esters of phosphorous acid. Examples of the phosphites are: dibutyl phosphite, diheptylphosphite, dicyclohexylphosphite, tri (pentylphenyDphosphite, tris- (dipentylphenyl)phosphite, didecyl phosphite, di-stearyl phosphite, tris-(hexa-propylene-substituted phenyl)phosphite, tri-hexyl phosphite, di-heptyl phenyl phosphite, and
tri (m-chloro-p-heptylphenyl) phosphite.
The alkaline earth metal salts of the alkylated phenols include principally the salts of magnesium, barium, calcium, and strontium with phenolic substances containing an alkyl substituent having at least about 7 carbon atoms. The phenols are exemplified by alkyl phenols, alkyl naphthols, sulfurized alkyl phenols, and the condensation products of alkyl phenols with an aldehyde. Specific examples include magnesium octylphenate, barium polypropylene-substituted phenate in which the polypropylene;
substituent has a molecular weight of 500, calcium salt of alpha-dodecyl-beta-naphthyl, barium salt of bis(heptylphenol) sulfide, calcium salt of bis(nonylphenoDsulfide, calcium salt of the condensation product of two moles of heptylphenol with formaldehyde, barium dodecylphenate, and strontium polyisobutene-substituted phenate in which the polyisobutene substitutent has a molecular weight of 350.
The esters of the phosphorodithioic acids include the;
aryl and the alkyl esters of the phosphorodithioic acids described hereinabove. A particularly useful group of the esters is obtained by the addition of the, phosphorodithioic acids to an olefinic compound such as an alkene or an aralkene. They are obtained, for example, by the addition of diisopropylphosphorodithioic acid with styrene, propene, isobutene, cyclohexene, l-octene, methyl cyclohexene, isoprene, butadiene, dipentene, or the like.
The, following examples are illustrative of the lubricatmg compositions of this invention: (all percentages are by weight).
Example! SAE 20 mineral lubricating oil containing 0.5% of the product of Example 1.
Example 11 SAE 30 mineral lubricating oil containing 0.75% of the product of Example 2 and 0.1% of phosphorus as the barium salt of di-n-nonylphosphorodithioic acid.
Example III SAE 10W-3O mineral lubricating oil containing 0.4%
of the product of Example 3.
Example IV SAE mineral lubricating oil containing 0.1% of the product of Example 4 and 0.15% of the zinc'saltof an equimolar mixture of di-cyclohexylphosphorodithioic' acid and di-isobutyl phosphorodithioic acid.
13 Example V SAE 30 mineral lubricating oil containing 2% of the product of Example 4.
Example VI SAE 20W-30 mineral lubricating oil containing 5% of the product of Example 2.
Example VII SAE lW-30 mineral lubricating oil containing 1.5%
of the product of Example and 0.05% of phosphorus as the zinc salt of a phosphorodithioic acid prepared by the reaction of phosphorous pentasulfide with a mixture of 60% (mole) of p-butylphenol and 40% (mole) of n-pentyl alcohol.
Example VIII SAE 50 mineral lubricating oil containing 3% of the product of Example 5 and 0.1% of phosphorus as the calcium salt of di-hexylphosphorodithioate.
Example IX SAE W-30 mineral lubricating oil containing 2% of the product of Example 4, 0.06% of phosphorus as zinc di-n-octylphosphorodithioate, and 1% of sulfate ash as barium mahogany sulfonate.
Example X SAE 10VV-30 mineral lubricating oil containing 6% of the product of Example 2, 0.075% of phosphorus as zinc di-n-octylphosphorodithioate, and 5% of the barium 7 salt of an acidic composition prepared by the reaction of 1000 parts of a polyisobutene having a molecular weight of 60,000 with 100 parts of phosphorus pentasulfide at 200 C. and hydrolyzing the product with steam at 150 C.
Example XII SAE 10 mineral lubricating oil containing 2% of the product of Example 4, 0.075% of phosphorus as the adduct of zinc di-cyclohexylphosphorodithioate treated with 0.3 mole of ethylene oxide, 2% of a sulfurized sperm oil having a sulfur content of 10%, 3.5% of a poly-(alkyl methacrylate) viscosity index improver, 0.02% of a poly- (alkyl methacrylate) pour point depressant, 0.003% of a poly-(alkyl siloxane) anti-foam agent.
Example XIII SAE 10 mineral lubricating oil containing 1.5% of the product of Example 6, 0.075 of phosphorus as the adduct obtained by heating zinc dinonylphosphorodithioate with 0.25 mole of 1,2-hexene oxide at 120 C., a sulfurized methyl ester of tall oil acid having a sulfur content of 15%, 6% of a polybutene viscosity index improver, 0.005% of a poly-(alkyl methacrylate) antifoam agent, and 0.5% of lard oil.
Example XIV SAE 20 mineral lubricating oil containing 1.5% of the product of Example 7, 0.5% of di-dodecyl phosphite, 2% of the sulfurized sperm oil having a sulfur content of 9%, a basic calcium detergent prepared by carbonating a mixture comprising mineral oil, calcium mahogany sulfonate and 6 moles of calcium hydroxide in the presence of an equi-molar mixture (10% of the mixture) of methyl alcohol and n-butyl alcohol as the promoter at the reflux temperature.
Example XV SAE 10 mineral lubricating oil containing 2% of the product of Example 2, 0.07% of phosphorus as zinc dioctylphosphorodithioate, 2% of a barium detergent prepared by neutralizing with barium hydroxide the hydrolyzed reaction product of a prolypropylene (molecular weight 2000) with 1 mole of phosphorus pentasulfide and 1 mole of sulfur, 3% of a barium sulfonate detergent prepared by carbonating a mineral oil solution of mahogany acid, and a 500% stoichiometrically excess amount of barium hydroxide in the presence of phenol as the promoter at 180 C., 3% of a supplemental ashless detergent prepared by copolymerizing a mixture of 95% (weight) of decyl-methacrylate and 5% (Weight) of diethylaminoethylacrylate.
Example XVI SAE mineral lubricating oil containing 2% of the product of Example 1, 0.1% of phosphorus as zinc di-nhexylphosphorodithioate, 10% of a chlorinated parafiin wax having a chlorine content of 40%, 2% of di-butyl tetrasulfide, 2% of sulfurized dipentene, 0.2% of oleyl amide, 0.003% of an anti-foam agent, 0.02% of a pour point depressant, and 3% of a viscosity index improver.
Example XVII SAE 10 mineral lubricating oil containing 3% of the product of Example 1, 0.075 of phosphorus as the zinc salt of a phosphorodithioic acid prepared by the reaction of phosphorus pentasulfide with an equimolar mixture of n-butyl alcohol and dodecyl alcohol, 3% of a barium detergent prepared by carbonating a mineral oil solution containing 1 mole of sperm oil, 0.6 mole of octylphenol,
2 moles of barium oxide, and a small amount of water at 150 C.
Example XVIII SAE 20 mineral lubn'cating'oil coutaining'2% of the product of Example 2 and 0.07% of phosphorus as zinc di-n-octylphosphorodithioate.
Example XIX SAE 30 mineral lubricating oil containing 3% of the product of Example 7 and 0.1% of phosphorus as zinc di-(isobutylpheuyl)-phosphorodithioate.
Example XX SAE 50 mineral lubricating oil containing 2% of the product of Example 7.
Example XXI SAE mineral lubricating oil containing 3% of the product of Example 6 and 0.2% of phosphorus as the reaction product of 4 moles of turpentine with 1 mole of phosphorus pentasulfide.
Example XXII SAE 90 mineral lubricating oil containing 3% of the product of Example 2 and 0.2% of 4,4'-bis-methylene- (2,6-di-tert-butyl phenol) Example XXIII SAE 30 mineral lubricating oil containing 2% of the product of Example 2 and 0.1% of phosphorus as phenylethyl di-cyclohexylphosphorodithioate.
Example XXIV SAE 90 mineral lubricating oil containing 5% of the product of Example 3 and 1% of the calcium salt of the sulfurized phenol obtained by the reaction of 2 moles of heptylphenol with 1 mole of sulfur.
The above lubricants are merely illustrative and the scope of invention includes the use of all of the additives 15 previously illustrated as well as others within the broad concept of this invention described herein.
The effectiveness of the nitrogenand boron-containing compositions as additives in lubricants is illustrated by the results obtained from a test in which a 350 cc. sample of a lubricant containing 0.001% of iron naphthenate and 1.5% by -weight of the additive to be tested is heated at 300 F. for 96 hours in a 2 x 15" borosilicate tube. Air is bubbled through the lubricant at the rate of liters per hour. The oxidized sample is allowed to cool to 122 F. whereupon 0.5% (by volume) of water is added and dispersed into the sample. The sample is allowed to stand for hours at room temperature and then filtered through dry No. 1 Whatman paper (double thickness) under slightly reduced pressure. The precipitant is washed with naphtha to constant weight and reported as milligrams of sludge per 100 ml. of oil. The quantity of sludge is an indication of the ability of the additive to alkyl amine is a mono- (hydroxy-alkyl)amine.
prevent the formation of harmful deposits. The lubris cant base employed in the test is a Mid-Continent, conventionally refined mineral oil having a viscosity of about 200 Saybolt Universal Seconds at 100 F. By this test, the base oil gives from 800-900 milligrams of sludge whereas the oil containing 1.5 by weight of the product prepared by the reactionof the polyisobutene-substituted succinic anhydride (1 equivalent) with diethanolamine (1 equivalent) and boric acid (1.8 atomic proportions of boron per atomic proportion of nitrogen) gives a result of 250-300 milligrams of sludge.
Further illustration of the usefulness of the additive of this invention in lubricants is gained from a modified version (the modification consists of extending the test period from the usual 96 hours to 144 hours) of the CRC-EX-3 engine test. This test is recognized in the field as an important test by which lubricants can be evaluated for use under light-duty service conditions.
What is claimed is:
1. An oil-soluble, nitrogenand boron-containing composition prepared by the process comprising for'ming an acylated nitrogen intermediate by the reaction of one equivalent of a substantially hydrocarbon-substituted succinic acid-producing compound having at least about 50 aliphatic carbon atoms in the substantially hydrocarbon substituent with at least about one-half equivalent of a hydroxy-hydrocarbon amine having the structural formula wherein R is selected from the class consisting of hydrogen, inert hydrocarbon, hydroxy-hydrocarbon radicals, at least one of the two R radicals in said formula being a hydroXy-hydrocarbon radical and reacting said acylated nitrogen intermediate with a boron compound selected from the class consisting of boron oxide, boron halides, boron acids, ammonium salts of boron acids, and esters of boron acids in an amount to provide from about 0.1 gram-atomic-weight of boron for each mole of said acylated nitrogen intermediate to about 10 gram-atomic- 16 weight of boron for each gram-atomic-weight of nitrogen of said acylated nitrogen intermediate.
2. An oil-soluble, nitrogenand boron-containing composition prepared by the process comprising forming an acrylated nitrogen intermediate by the reaction of one equivalent of a substantially aliphatic olefin polymer-substituted succinic anhydride having at least about 50 aliphatic carbon atoms in the olefin polymer substitutent with at least about one-half equivalent of a hydroxy-alkyl amine having less than about 30 carbon atoms and react:
ing said acylated nitrogen intermediate with boric, acid in.
an amount to provide about 1 gram-atomic-weigh t of boron for each gram-atomic-weight of nitrogen of the acylated nitrogen intermediate.
3. The composition of claim 2 wherein the hydroxy- 4. The composition of claim 2 wherein the hydroxyalkyl amine is a di-(hydroxy-alkyDamine.
5. An oil-soluble nitrogenand boron-containing composition prepared by the process comprising forming an acylated nitrogen intermediate by the reaction at a temperature between about C. and 250 Got one equivalent of a polyisobutene-substituted succinic anhydride having from about 50 to 250 carbon atoms in the polyisobutene substitutent with about an equivalent amount of "a di-(hydroxyalkyl) amine having less than about 8 carbon atoms in each alkyl group and reacting said acylated nitrogen intermediate with boric acid in an amount to provide about 1 gram-atomic-Weight of boron for each gram-atomic-weight of nitrogen of the acylated nitrogen intermediate at a temperature between about C. and
6. An oil-soluble nitrogenand boron-containing composition prepared 'by the process comprising forming an acylated nitrogen intermediate by the reaction at a tem- UNITED STATES PATENTS 2,052,192 8/1936 Piggott 260-404 2,216,618 10/1940 Katz 260401 2,234,581 3/1941 Rosen 252 51 2,611,746 9/1952 Kipp 252 49.6 3,087,936 4/1963 Le Suer 252 515 XR ALEX MAZEL, Primary Examiner. DANIEL E. WYMAN, HENRY R; JILES, Examiners.
Assistant Examiners.
UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE CERTIFICATE OF CORRECTION Patent No. 3,282,955 November 1, 1966 William M. Le Suer It is hereby certified that error appears in the above numbered patent requiring correction and that the said Letters Patent should read as corrected below.
Column 1, line 12, for "3,087,963" read 3,087,936 column 2, line 18, for "anther" read another column 4, line 28, for "octadeconal" read octadecanol column 7, line 29, for "polyistobutene" read polyisobutene column 8, line 18, for "pressures" read pressure line 36, after "than" insert about column 12, line 12, for "di(omega-bromopenyl)trisulfide" read di(omegabromopentylJtrisulfide column 13, line 13, for "phosphorous" read phosphorus column 14, line 9, for "prolypropylene" read polypropylene column 16, line 5, for "acrylated" read acylated Signed and sealed this 24th day of December 1968.
(SEAL) Attest:
EDWARD M.FLETCHER,JR. EDWARD J. BRENNER Attesting Officer Commissioner of Patents
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|Clasificación de EE.UU.
|548/405, 564/8, 508/194
|Clasificación internacional
|Clasificación cooperativa
|Clasificación europea


text:
A new report shows the Kansas winter wheat
crop in good shape but progressing slightly behind the normal rate
for late April.
Kansas Agricultural Statistics Service reported Monday just that
1 percent of the wheat has headed, compared with an average of
about 8 percent.
The crop condition report is mostly upbeat in the wake of rain
last week. The report rates the wheat condition as 14 percent
excellent and 59 percent good. About 23 percent was in fair
condition with just 4 percent in poor to very poor shape.
©2016 Seward County Broadcasting Company, Inc.
1410 N. Western Ave. Liberal, KS 67901


text:
Value does not fall within the expected range.
Automatic fire towards the plane On February 18, 1969 El Al flight 432, on its way from Amsterdam to Tel Aviv via Zurich, was due to take off at Zurich International Airport. While slowly advancing toward the take-off starting point, the plane was attacked by four terrorists, who opened automatic fire and hurled demolition charges at the aircraft.
Mordechai Rahamim, a security guard and former Sayeret Matkal (General Staff Reconnaissance Unit) soldier, was on board the plane.
The attack was a complete surprise, and no immediate countermeasures were planned for such a situation. After an El Al plane was hijacked to Algeria in 1968, the only attack scenarios studied by Israeli security services at the time were hijacking or attacks inside the plane. Security guards were trained and equipped with short range Beretta 0.22 handguns, and were not taught to return fire from inside the plane.
When the terrorists opened fire on the plane, Rahamim was in his seat. He heard knocking from the outside, as bullets hit the body of the plane, but gave it no consideration. Suddenly he heard one of the stewards cry, "They are shooting!".
One man act Rahamim rose from his seat and took out his handgun. He saw that the cockpit door was open, and all crew members were lying on the floor. He entered the cockpit with his handgun loaded, all the while hearing shots and seeing bullets hitting the interior of the plane.
The right window of the cockpit was open. Rahamim leaned out of the window in order to identify the source of the shooting, which turned out to be to his right at the back, at a 45-degree angle. He spotted a man lying in the snow and shot at him twice. Rahamim's handgun jammed when he tried to fire his third shot.
Rahamim ran toward the back door, asked a steward to open it and to lower the emergency slide, and slid outside. He ran behind the plane toward the fence in a flank attack in the general direction of the shots, reloading his handgun on the move.
After arriving at the fence, Rahamim saw one of the shooters standing between two piles of snow 30-40 meters away, holding a Kalashnikov rifle. Rahamim jumped over the fence, ran toward the terrorist and commanded him in English to drop the rifle. The attacker did not comply. Rahamim fired three shots at the terrorist from a distance of approximately four meters. One shot wounded the attacker in the neck, and two hit him near the armpit. The terrorist collapsed into the snow.
Swiss policemen then attacked Rahamim and took away his handgun. While being led away toward the police Volkswagen, Rahamim saw two other terrorists. One had surrendered to Swiss policemen at gunpoint, and the other was being apprehended.
Epilogue Swiss authorities pressed charges against the arrested terrorists and Rahamim, who was released on bail. The trial began on November 28, 1969 and lasted only a few days. Rahamim was acquitted, and the three terrorists received long sentences. They were released a year later, on September 1970, following a Swissair plane hijacking by members of a Palestinian terrorist organization who demanded the release of the imprisoned terrorists.


text:
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Artist: Yes
Album: Talk
Genre: Rock
Don't you know it's my way out
To be on my own
When I feel like crying out
I do it best alone
Can you give me love and
Protection to shield my heart
All the fear I feel from doubt
Is tearing me apart
I wanna love, I wanna give
I want to find another way to live
Another shout, another cry
And the walls come tumbling down
Don't you know there's no way out
Your pain's your own
And the more we scream and shout
The more we feel alone
I can feel my anger rising
Am I to blame?
And I'm not gonna keep it inside me
Do you feel the same?
I wanna love, I wanna give
I want to find another way to live
Another shout, another cry
And the walls come tumbling down
And I'm calling you
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text:
Sloppy Joes for 8 Dozen RecipeRead Reviews Be the first to add a review
- 15 pounds ground beef
- 6 medium onions, chopped
- 1 gallon ketchup
- 3/4 cup Worcestershire sauce
- 1/2 cup packed brown sugar
- 1/2 cup prepared yellow mustard
- 1/4 cup white vinegar
- 1 tablespoon chili powder
- 96 hamburger buns, split
- In two stockpots over medium heat, cook and stir beef and onions until meat is no longer pink; drain.
- Stir in the ketchup, Worcestershire sauce, brown sugar, mustard, vinegar and chili powder. Bring to a boil. Reduce heat; simmer, uncovered, for 1 hour to allow flavors to blend. Spoon 1/3 cup onto each bun. Yield: 96 servings.
Reviews for Sloppy Joes for 8 Dozen
"This recipe is great if you're going to serve the sandwiches already assembled. 2-3 oz per sandwich is a decent serving size. However, if you're going to set this out on a buffet self serve style, I would definitely make extra."
"If you are feeding 96 people , this beef only feeds half of those people. You need 30 lbs of meat for 96 people. I almost had a disaster making this for a crowd of 100. Fortunately i talked to someone who knew what they were doing and said you need 30 lbs. It was just enough."
"I haven't made this recipe, but seeing the review for this recipe not being diabetic friendly, I have to comment. My dad is diabetic and several other people I know are. 1/4 tsp of added sugar per sandwich is not bad! I do realize that the ketchup and some of the other ingredients contain sugars as well. But this recipe is really not bad if you are diabetic and want a sloppy joe. I actually thought it was a "normal" sized recipe at first even with 1/2 cup brown sugar."
"A little too much ketchup for us. NOTE to diabetic SPLENDA makes a Brown Sugar for diabetics. AND you only use 1/2 as much as what the recipe calls for!"
"This is NOT diabetic friendly with brown sugar in it."


text:
Take the steps to begin your journey:
International Baccalaureate Diploma (IBD) Program
First Time Freshman entering Tarleton directly from a Texas public high school accredited by the Texas Education Agency or a Texas non-public school accredited by the Texas Private School Accreditation Commission.
Special Requirements for Admission
Beginning freshman applicants to Tarleton State University who have completed or who will complete the International Baccalaureate Diploma Program from their high school should indicate that on their application. Those who complete the International Baccalaureate Diploma and meet State of Texas requirements will be granted credit for a minimum of 24 semester hours. Students should make sure that the Director of Undergraduate Admissions is aware of the IBD Program and may request from the Director of Undergraduate Admission the type and amount of credit Tarleton State University is willing to grant, based on the IBD transcript.
The student is responsible for having an official IBD transcript sent to:
Tarleton State University
Undergraduate Admissions
Box T-0030
Stephenville, TX 76402


text:
Nov. 6, 2012
When the original Pauley Pavilion was completed in June of 1965, a handful of months would pass before it hosted its first basketball game, albeit an exhibition, when UCLA's freshman team, led by a New Yorker by the name Lew Alcindor, defeated Coach John Wooden's varsity squad, which was coming off an NCAA Championship.
This year, New Pauley hosts its first games less than two weeks after the Pauley Pavilion Campaign of Champions celebration officially opened the building on October 28.
"Pauley Opening Weekend" Features Both Hoops Teams in Action
The UCLA Men's and Women's Basketball teams will each play games at New Pauley as part of "Pauley Opening Weekend", presented by UCLA Health System.
Ben Howland and the men's team open their 2012-13 campaign against Indiana State on Friday, Nov. 9 at 8 pm. The game will be a matchup of the only two universities that featured John Wooden as their head men's basketball coach.
At about 6:15 pm on Friday night, UCLA will host a First Ticket ceremony including former and current student-athletes, as well as athletic department and university officials. In addition, there will be a special pre-game ceremony on the court at about 7:40 pm. Doors will open at 6:30 pm for this game.
For more information or to purchase tickets to the game, please click here or call 310-UCLA-WIN.
Meanwhile, Cori Close and the women's team mark their return to Pauley on Saturday, Nov. 10 with a 7 pm game against San Diego State to tip-off their campaign.
At halftime of the women's contest, UCLA Athletics will honor the Top 40 female athletes in school history, capping-off the department's year-long celebration of the 40th anniversary of Title IX.
Tickets also remain for the women's game -- please click here or call 310-UCLA-WIN for more information or to purchase tickets.
Pauley Already Bustling With Activity
The men's and women's basketball games later this week continue what will be an amazing two weeks since New Pauley opened on October 28.
As mentioned here last week, the Pauley Pavilion Campaign of Champions Celebration got all the festivities underway with a bang on the 28th, and the Pavilion hosted a university-wide open house, last Tuesday, giving faculty and staff their chance to look around and experience the building.
With the student body already buzzing about the arena after the open house, students gathered in the building for Pauley Opening Madness, complete with a slam dunk contest, last Friday Night. Sunday featured a Community and Alumni Open House as well as the first-ever Wooden Athletic Fund Appreciation Day, a barbecue which drew nearly 3,000 donors and several UCLA coaches and student-athletes to the Intramural Field.
The energy will reach a crescendo this weekend when the men's and women's basketball teams come home to New Pauley to open the 2012 season.
UCLA Football Hits the Road to Pullman
The 7-2 and #17-ranked UCLA football team returns to the road for the final time in 2012 when it travels to Pullman for a 7:30 pm contest. The game will be televised live to a national audience on ESPN2 and broadcast live on the IMG/Radio Network and flagship station AM 570, FOX Sports LA.
Bruins to Play Final Two Regular Season Games at the Rose Bowl
Following the trip to Pullman, UCLA will play its final two regular season football games of the season at the Rose Bowl, against USC (November 17) and Stanford (November 24).
The kickoff time for the rivalry game between the Bruins and the Trojans will be either noon or at 5 pm, and will not be finalized until after this week's game in Pullman. The Stanford kickoff does not have to be determined until next Monday, per Pac-12 rules.
Tickets for both are available by calling by visiting UCLABruins.com or calling 310-UCLA-WIN (825-2946).
Revelry Before the Rivalry Kicks Off 'SC Weekend
The fifth-annual Revelry Before the Rivalry, one of UCLA Athletics' biggest fundraisers of the year, will be held the night before the UCLA-USC football game, Friday, November 16 at the Bel Air Bay Club in Pacific Palisades.
All proceeds from the event go directly to supporting the Wooden Athletic Fund and UCLA Athletics. UCLA coaches, staff and legends will be in attendance, and there were also be live entertainment, dancing, and a silent auction. To learn more, register or be a sponsor at this year's event, click here.
Former Gymnast Elected to EC of Sport's International Governing Body
UCLA Men's Gymnastics alumnus Peter Vidmar, chairman of the Board for USA Gymnastics, was recently elected to the Executive Committee (EC) of the International Gymnastics Federation (FIG).
Vidmar led the U.S. men's team to its first-ever Olympic Gold Medal at the Games in Pauley Pavilion and also won the gold medal on the pommel horse and the silver in the all-around.
While at UCLA, Vidmar was the first Bruin to win the NCAA all-around title, accomplishing that twice (1982/83), and he also won three other individual event titles in his career. He was inducted into the UCLA Athletics Hall of Fame in 1994.
Olympic Sports Report
- The #4-ranked men's golf team is hosting the Gifford Collegiate Championship in San Martin, CA (CordeValle CC) from Nov. 5 through Nov. 7. The Bruins led after Monday's first round.
- The #6-ranked women's soccer team finished the regular season 15-2-2 overall and 8-2-1 in Pac-12. The Bruins received a #3 seed in the NCAA Tournament and will host Wisconsin in the first round on Saturday at 5:30 pm at Drake Stadium.
- The #5-ranked women's volleyball team split with the Arizona schools last week to move to 18-5 overall. Next, the Bruins are back on the road on Nov. 9 at Colorado and then on Nov. 10 at Utah. Both matches will be streamed live online at Pac-12.com.
- The #2-ranked men's water polo team defeated #7-ranked Long Beach State, 13-8, and #21-ranked Concordia, 21-7, in a doubleheader on Saturday at Spieker Aquatics Center. The Bruins will conclude the regular season against #3-ranked Stanford on Friday at 6pm at Spieker Aquatics Center.
- The #4-ranked men's soccer team played two thrilling overtime games this weekend, defeating Stanford, 2-1, on Thursday and tying California, 1-1, on Sunday. The Bruins will now look to capture the Pac-12 conference crown in their final match of the regular season on Friday, Nov. 9 against San Diego State at 1:30pm at Drake Stadium. The match will be televised live by the Pac-12 Networks.
- The #15-ranked UCLA women's swimming team defeated both UC Davis (136-119) and Washington State (150-97) on Friday. In addition at the Trojan Diving Invitational, all UCLA five divers advanced to the Three-Meter final, with sophomore Emma Ivory-Ganja winning the title, on Saturday. The Bruins will host a quad meet with Arizona State, CSU Bakersfield and San Diego on Nov. 9 at 1 pm, and follow that with a dual meet against Arizona on Nov. 10 at 2 pm at Spieker Aquatics Center.
- The #15-ranked men's and #24-ranked women's cross country teams will head to Seattle, Wash. this week to compete against the best in the West in the NCAA West Regional meet on Nov. 9.
- The UCLA women's tennis team had a strong showing at the USTA Collegiate Invitational over the weekend, with Kyle McPhillips and Skylar Morton taking home the doubles crown, and McPhillips reaching the semifinals in singles. The men's team will be at the So Cal Intercollegiate Championship from Nov. 7-11 in Los Angeles. In addition, Marcos Giron, Dennis Mkrtchian and, on the women's side, Robin Anderson and Pamela Montez, will be representing the Bruins at the USTA/ITA National Indoor Intercollegiate Championships, which will be contested Nov. 8-11 in Flushing Meadows, N.Y., site of the U.S. Open.
- The men's volleyball team will host its annual alumni match on Nov. 11 in New Pauley Pavilion. First serve is scheduled for 2 pm, followed by a retirement celebration for legendary former head coach Al Scates.
It's not often that I use this space to highlight an individual student athlete, especially knowing how hard each of our nearly 700 student-athletes give their all athletically and academically to this university, but consider this the exception to the rule.
As I sat in the Rose Bowl Saturday night, I was delighted to see Johnathan Franklin slither through the Arizona defense early in the first quarter for a 37-yard touchdown run that gave us a lead we would not relinquish, and of course, gave him the UCLA career rushing record.
Reflect on that for a minute. We certainly have produced some great running backs at UCLA, but Johnathan Franklin stands above them all, and there are still plenty of games to be played this season.
Johnathan has become a superstar on the field, even though he admittedly would probably not be entirely comfortable with that moniker. But it's what he has done off the field and in the classroom that truly makes him a special young man.
He (along with several teammates) spends several hours each quarter volunteering throughout Los Angeles, and he has developed an unbreakable bond with many of the young patients at Mattel Children's Hospital UCLA, talking and playing with them and giving them hope. The smiles they get on their faces when he enters are a sight to behold.
As a political science major, he has excelled in the classroom and walked with his class at graduation this past June. He will tell even the casual fan that his life aspirations lay outside the football field and instead in the Los Angeles Mayor's office.
He is a selfless team player who has enjoyed immense success at this level and continues to give back to those around him.
In case you missed it, it was he who drew a personal foul penalty late in the game when he left the bench to congratulate walk-on running back Melvin Emesibe when he got in the end zone. And it should come as a surprise to no one that Johnathan's celebration with Melvin was almost more elaborate than his own when he broke the rushing record.
That right there is Johnathan Franklin in a nutshell -- humble, thoughtful and giving. What a wonderful representative of UCLA.
Before I sign off for the week, I wanted to share some thoughts on New Pauley before we play our first games there this weekend.
First, a hearty thank you goes out to the Bruin Family, especially everyone who has participated in, and attended each of the events so far in and around the building.
From the unveiling of the statue of Coach Wooden, to the community and alumni open house, you have provided me and my team with a great deal of valuable feedback. In fact, we will be changing the configuration in which each championship banner is hung from the rafters, thanks to constructive comments from many of you.
This is indeed a very exciting time to be a Bruin, and that will be punctuated by a great opening weekend of games at New Pauley, but I did want to take some time to remind you that the arena is still very much a construction site and a work in progress.
Be assured that we are working tirelessly with PCL, the contractor, to make any necessary adjustments to the building in the coming weeks and months.
Thank you again, and I'll see you at New Pauley this weekend.
Go Bruins!
Dan Guerrero
UCLA Athletic Director


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Gadsden State Community College
Institutional Research
|The office of Institutional Research serves the college by providing information for decision-making and planning through a variety of analytic activities, data-gathering tasks, and research projects. The IR office reports to the President while also working regularly with many others at the College. The office makes relevant data available to College administration and faculty and to the College community when appropriate.
Institutional Research requires that analyses, reports, and surveys be prepared for the College, federal agencies, state agencies, and other external agencies. The office of IR serves as the official source of objective, research-based data about the College's students, faculty and staff; its programs; its resources; and its peer institutions.
Information collected and published through the office of IR is designed to support the College's mission in "helping individuals to achieve their fullest potential, thereby making their greatest contribution to society."
Department of Institutional Effectiveness, Planning, and Research
Phone: 256-835-5456
Wallace Drive Campus - Allen Hall Room 107
Phone: 256-549-8228
Institutional Effectiveness Reports


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January 18, 2012 · Print This Article
Vanessa Place @ Instal 10 at Tramway, Glasgow on Saturday 13th November 2010
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Caroline Picard is the Founding Editor for the Green Lantern Press. Recent work has been published or is forthcoming from Paper Monument, Rattapallax, MAKE Magazine and Diner Journal. She is the 2014 Curatorial Resident at La Box in Bourges, France. Upcoming curatorial projects include "Ghost Nature" (Gallery 400, January 2014 & La Box, March 2014), and "Animal Projections" (La Box, January 2014). www.cocopicard.com
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