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Osteoporosis is a condition that weakens bones, making them fragile and more likely to break.
It's a fairly common condition that affects around three million people in the UK. More than 300,000 people receive hospital treatment for fragility fractures (fractures that occur from standing height or less) every year as a result of osteoporosis.
Wrist fractures, hip fractures and fractures of the vertebrae (bones in the spine) are the most common type of breaks that affect people with osteoporosis. However, they can also occur in other bones, such as in the arm, ribs or pelvis.
There are usually no warnings you've developed osteoporosis and it's often only diagnosed when a bone is fractured after even minor falls.
Read more about the symptoms of osteoporosis.
What causes osteoporosis?
During childhood, bones grow and repair very quickly, but this process slows as you get older.
Bones stop growing in length between the ages of 16 and 18, but continue to increase in density until you're in your late 20s.
You gradually start to lose bone density from about 35 years of age. Women lose bone rapidly in the first few years after the menopause (when monthly periods stop and the ovaries stop producing an egg).
Losing bone is a normal part of the ageing process, but for some people it can lead to osteoporosis and an increased risk of fractures.
Other factors that increase your risk of developing osteoporosis include:
Read more about the causes of osteoporosis.
Diagnosing osteoporosis
If your doctor suspects you have osteoporosis, they can make an assessment using an online programme, such as FRAX or Q-Fracture. They may also refer you for a scan to measure your bone mineral density.
This type of scan is known as a DEXA (DXA) scan. It's a short, painless procedure and your bone mineral density can then be used to assess your fracture risk.
Read more about diagnosing osteoporosis.
Treating osteoporosis
Treatment for osteoporosis is based on treating and preventing fractures and using medication to strengthen bones.
The decision about what treatment you have – if any – will depend on your risk of fracture. This will be based on a number of factors, such as your age and the results of your DXA scan.
Read more about how osteoporosis is treated.
Preventing osteoporosis
If you're at risk of developing osteoporosis, you should take steps to help keep your bones healthy. This may include:
Read more about preventing osteoporosis.
Living with osteoporosis
If you're diagnosed with osteoporosis, there are steps you can take to reduce your chances of a fall, such as removing hazards from your home and having regular sight tests and hearing tests.
To help you recover from a fracture, you can try using:
Speak to your GP or nurse if you're worried about living with a long-term condition. They may be able to answer any questions you have.
You may also find it helpful to talk to a trained counsellor or psychologist or other people with the condition.
The National Osteoporosis Society can put you in touch with local support groups, and they also have an online discussion forum.
Read more about living with osteoporosis.
At-risk groups
Osteoporosis often affects women, particularly after the menopause (when monthly periods stop). However, it can also sometimes affect men, younger women and children.
Other groups who are at risk of developing osteoporosis include:
Osteoporosis develops slowly over several years.
There are often no warning signs or symptoms until a minor fall or a sudden impact causes a bone fracture.
Healthy bones should be able to withstand a fall from standing height, so a bone that breaks in these circumstances is known as a fragility fracture.
The most common injuries in people with osteoporosis are:
Sometimes a cough or sneeze can cause a rib fracture or the partial collapse of one of the bones of the spine.
In older people, a fractured bone can be serious and result in long-term disability. For example, a hip fracture may lead to long-term mobility problems.
Although a fracture is the first sign of osteoporosis, some older people develop the characteristic stooping (bent forward). It happens when the bones in the spine have fractured, making it difficult to support the weight of the body.
Is osteoporosis painful?
Osteoporosis isn't usually painful until it causes a fracture.
Although not always painful, spinal fractures are the most common cause of long-term (chronic) pain associated with osteoporosis.
Osteoporosis causes bones to become less dense and more fragile. Some people are more at risk than others.
Bones are at their thickest and strongest in your early adult life and their density increases until your late 20s. But you gradually start losing bone density from around the age of 35.
This happens to everyone, but some people develop osteoporosis and lose bone density much faster than normal. This means they are at greater risk of a fracture.
Risk groups
Osteoporosis can affect men and women. It's more common in older people, but it can also affect younger people.
Women are more at risk of developing osteoporosis than men because the hormone changes that occur in the menopause directly affect bone density.
The female hormone oestrogen is essential for healthy bones. After the menopause (when monthly periods stop), oestrogen levels fall. This can lead to a rapid decrease in bone density.
Women are at even greater risk of developing osteoporosis if they have:
In most cases, the cause of osteoporosis in men is unknown. However, there's a link to the male hormone testosterone, which helps keep the bones healthy.
Men continue producing testosterone into old age, but the risk of osteoporosis is increased in men with low levels of testosterone.
In around half of men, the exact cause of low testosterone levels is unknown, but known causes include:
Risk factors
Many hormones in the body can affect the process of bone turnover. If you have a condition of the hormone-producing glands, you may have a higher risk of developing osteoporosis.
Hormone-related conditions that can trigger osteoporosis include:
Other risk factors
Other factors thought to increase the risk of osteoporosis and broken bones include:
You can read more about who is at risk of osteoporosis and broken bones on the National Osteoporosis Society website.
Osteoporosis is often diagnosed after weakened bones have led to a fracture.
If you're at risk of developing osteoporosis, your GP may refer you for a bone mineral density scan, known as a dual energy X-ray absorptiometry (DEXA, or DXA) scan.
Normal X-rays are a useful way of identifying fractures, but they aren't a reliable method of measuring bone density.
The FRAX tool
The World Health Organization (WHO) has developed a 10-year Fracture Risk Assessment Tool to help predict a person's risk of fracture between the ages of 40 and 90.
The tool is based on bone mineral density and other relevant risk factors, such as age and sex.
The algorithms used give a 10-year probability of hip fracture and a 10-year probability of a major fracture in the spine, hip, shoulder or forearm.
DEXA (DXA) scan
A DEXA scan can be used to help diagnose osteoporosis. It's a quick, safe and painless procedure that usually takes about five minutes, depending on the part of the body being scanned.
The scan measures your bone mineral density and compares it to the bone mineral density of a healthy young adult and someone who's the same age and sex as you.
The difference between the density of your bones and that of a healthy young adult is calculated as a standard deviation (SD) and is called a T score.
Standard deviation is a measure of variability based on an average or expected value. A T score of:
Although a bone density scan can help diagnose osteoporosis, your bone mineral density result isn't the only factor that determines your risk of fracturing a bone.
Your age, sex and any previous injuries will need to be taken into consideration before deciding whether you need treatment for osteoporosis.
Your doctor can help you take positive steps to improve your bone health. If you need treatment, they can also suggest the safest and most effective treatment plan for you.
Treating osteoporosis involves treating and preventing fractures and using medication to strengthen bones.
Preventing falls and fractures
An important objective for health services across Wales is to try to prevent falls and fractures. This is of particular concern for people who've been diagnosed with osteoporosis and those with risk factors for osteoporosis.
The key messages for older people and their family and carers are:
Read more about the types of exercise you can do to prevent osteoporosis and lower your risk of falls.
Although a diagnosis of osteoporosis is based on the results of your bone mineral density scan (DEXA or DXA scan), the decision about what treatment you need – if any – will also be based on a number of other factors. These include your:
If you've been diagnosed with osteoporosis because you've had a fracture, you should still receive treatment to try to reduce your risk of further fractures.
You may not need or want to take medication to treat osteoporosis. However, you should ensure that you're maintaining sufficient levels of calcium and vitamin D. To achieve this, your healthcare team will ask you about your current diet and may recommend making changes or taking supplements.
NICE recommendations
The National Institute for Health and Care Excellence (NICE) has made some recommendations about who should be treated with medication for osteoporosis.
A number of factors are taken into consideration before deciding which medication to use. These include your:
NICE has summarised its guidance for two groups of people:
You can read the NICE guidance by clicking on the links below.
A number of different medications are used to treat osteoporosis. Your doctor will discuss the treatments available and make sure the medicines are right for you.
Bisphosphonates slow down the rate at which bone is broken down in your body. This maintains bone density and reduces the risk of fracture.
There are a number of different bisphosphonates, including alendronate, etidronate, ibandronate, risedronate and zolendronic acid. They're given as a tablet or injection.
You should always take bisphosphonates on an empty stomach with a full glass of water. Stand or sit upright for 30 minutes after taking them. You'll also need to wait between 30 minutes and two hours before eating food or drinking any other fluids.
Bisphosphonates usually take 6 to 12 months to work and you may need to take them for five years or longer. You may also be prescribed calcium and vitamin D supplements to take at a different time to the bisphosphonate.
The main side effects associated with bisphosphonates include:
Not everyone will experience these side effects.
Osteonecrosis of the jaw is a rare side effect that's linked with the use of bisphosphonates, although most frequently with high-dose intravenous bisphosphonate treatment for cancer and not for osteoporosis.
In osteonecrosis, the cells in the jaw bone die, which can lead to problems with healing. If you have a history of dental problems, you may need a check-up before you start treatment with bisphosphonates. Speak to your doctor if you have any concerns.
Strontium ranelate
Strontium ranelate appears to have an effect on both the cells that break down bone and the cells that create new bone (osteoblasts).
It can be used as an alternative treatment if bisphosphonates are unsuitable. Strontium ranelate is taken as a powder dissolved in water.
The main side effects of strontium ranelate are nausea and diarrhoea. A few people have reported a rare severe allergic reaction to the treatment. If you develop a skin rash while taking strontium ralenate, stop taking it and speak to your doctor immediately.
Selective oestrogen receptor modulators (SERMs)
Selective oestrogen receptor modulators (SERMs) are medications that have a similar effect on bone as the hormone oestrogen. They help maintain bone density and reduce the risk of fracture, particularly of the spine.
Raloxifene is the only type of SERM that's available for treating osteoporosis. It's taken as a tablet every day.
Side effects associated with raloxifene include hot flushes, leg cramps and a potential increased risk of blood clots.
Parathyroid hormone (teriparatide)
Parathyroid hormone is produced naturally in the body. It regulates the amount of calcium in bone.
Parathyroid hormone treatments (human recombinant parathyroid hormone or teriparatide) are used to stimulate cells that create new bone (osteoblasts). They're given by injection.
While other medication can only slow down the rate of bone thinning, parathyroid hormone can increase bone density. However, it's only used in a small number of people whose bone density is very low and when other treatments aren't working.
Nausea and vomiting are common side effects of the treatment. Parathyroid hormone treatments should only be prescribed by a specialist.
Calcium and vitamin D supplements
Calcium and vitamin D supplements can benefit older men and women and reduce their risk of hip fracture.
Having enough calcium as part of a healthy balanced diet is important for maintaining healthy bones. Aim to eat or drink 700mg of calcium each day. This is roughly equivalent to one pint of milk.
If you're not getting enough calcium in your diet, ask your GP for advice about taking a calcium supplement. You need to have 1.2g of calcium a day and 20 micrograms of vitamin D to have the right effect on your bones and help prevent falls or fractures or treat osteoporosis.
These doses only occur in a small number of branded formulations prescribed by doctors, so any pills you buy over the counter may not have enough calcium or vitamin D.
Hormone replacement therapy (HRT)
Hormone replacement therapy (HRT) is sometimes recommended for women who are experiencing the menopause as it can help control symptoms.
HRT has also been shown to maintain bone density and reduce the risk of fracture during treatment.
However, HRT isn't specifically recommended for treating osteoporosis and it isn't often used for this purpose.
This is because HRT slightly increases the risk of developing certain conditions, such as breast cancer, endometrial cancer, ovarian cancer and stroke, more than it lowers the risk of osteoporosis.
Discuss the benefits and risks of HRT with your GP.
Read more about the risks of HRT.
Testosterone treatment
In men, testosterone treatment can be useful when osteoporosis is caused by insufficient production of male sex hormones (hypogonadism).
Your genes are responsible for determining your height and the strength of your skeleton, but lifestyle factors such as diet and exercise influence how healthy your bones are.
Regular exercise
Regular exercise is essential. Adults aged 19 to 64 should do at least 150 minutes (2 hours and 30 minutes) of moderate-intensity aerobic activity, such as cycling or fast walking, every week.
Weight-bearing exercise and resistance exercise are particularly important for improving bone density and helping to prevent osteoporosis.
As well as aerobic exercise, adults aged 19 to 64 should also do muscle-strengthening activities on two or more days a week by working all the major muscle groups, including the legs, hips, back, abdomen, chest, shoulders and arms.
If you've been diagnosed with osteoporosis, it's a good idea to talk to your GP or health specialist before starting a new exercise programme to make sure it's right for you.
Weight-bearing exercises
Weight-bearing exercises are exercises where your feet and legs support your weight. High-impact weight-bearing exercises, such as running, skipping, dancing, aerobics, and even jumping up and down on the spot, are all useful ways to strengthen your muscles, ligaments and joints.
When exercising, wear footwear that provides your ankles and feet with adequate support, such as trainers or walking boots.
People over the age of 60 can also benefit from regular weight-bearing exercise. This can include brisk walking, keep-fit classes or a game of tennis. Swimming and cycling aren't weight-bearing exercises, however.
Resistance exercises
Resistance exercises use muscle strength, where the action of the tendons pulling on the bones boosts bone strength. Examples include press-ups, weightlifting or using weight equipment at a gym.
If you've recently joined a gym or haven't been for a while, your gym will probably offer you an induction. This involves being shown how to use the equipment and having exercise techniques recommended to you.
Always ask an instructor for help if you're not sure how to use a piece of gym equipment or how to do a particular exercise.
Healthy eating
Eating a healthy balanced diet is recommended for everyone. It can help prevent many serious health conditions, including heart disease, diabetes and many forms of cancer, as well as osteoporosis.
Calcium is important for maintaining strong bones. The recommended intake of calcium is at least 700mg a day. This is about the equivalent of one pint of milk.
Calcium can also be found in a number of different foods, including leafy green vegetables, dried fruit, tofu and yoghurt.
Vitamin D is also important for healthy bones and teeth because it helps your body absorb calcium. Vitamin D can be found in eggs, milk and oily fish.
However, most vitamin D is made in the skin in response to sunlight. Short exposure to sunlight without wearing sunscreen (10 minutes twice a day) throughout the summer should provide you with enough vitamin D for the whole year.
Certain groups of people may be at risk of not getting enough vitamin D. These include:
If you're at risk of not getting enough vitamin D through your diet or lifestyle, you can take a vitamin D supplement. For adults, 10 micrograms a day of vitamin D is recommended.
The recommended amount for children is 7 micrograms for babies under six months, and 8.5 micrograms for children aged six months to three years. Talk to your GP for more information.
Other factors
Other lifestyle factors that can help prevent osteoporosis include:
Read more about healthy bones on the National Osteoporosis Society website.
Get some sun!
Between May and September, sunlight triggers the production of vitamin D, which helps your body absorb calcium.
This process helps strengthen teeth and bones, which in turn helps prevent conditions such as osteoporosis.
Having osteoporosis doesn't mean you'll definitely have a fracture.
There are measures you can take to reduce your risk of a fall or break.
Preventing falls
Making some simple changes at home can help reduce the risk of fracturing or breaking a bone in a fall.
Check your home for hazards you may trip over, such as trailing wires. Make sure rugs and carpets are secure, and keep rubber mats by the sink and in the bath to prevent slipping.
Have regular sight tests and hearing tests. Some older people may need to wear special protectors over their hips to cushion a fall. Your GP can offer help and advice about changes to your lifestyle.
Read more about preventing falls.
The National Institute for Health and Care Excellence (NICE) has also produced guidance called Falls: the assessment and prevention of falls in older people.
Healthy eating and exercise
Regular exercise and a healthy diet are important for everyone, not just people with osteoporosis. They can help prevent many serious conditions, including heart disease and many forms of cancer.
Try to have a balanced diet that contains all the food groups to give your body the nutrition it needs. Exercising regularly can increase the strength of the bones, relieve stress and reduce fatigue.
The National Osteoporosis Society has also produced a leaflet called Living with broken bones (PDF, 1.15Mb).
Getting support
Your GP or nurse may be able to answer any questions you have about living with osteoporosis and can reassure you if you're worried.
You may also find it helpful to talk to a trained counsellor or psychologist, or to someone at a specialist helpline. Your GP surgery will have information about these.
Some people find it helpful to talk to others with osteoporosis, either at a local support group or in an internet chat room.
The National Osteoporosis Society provide a helpline service run by nurses with specialist knowledge of osteoporosis and bone health.
Call 0808 800 0035. You can also email them at firstname.lastname@example.com.
They can provide you with details of local support groups and also have an online discussion forum.
Recovering from a broken bone
Broken bones usually take six to eight weeks to recover. Having osteoporosis doesn't affect how long this takes. Recovery depends on the type of fracture you have. Some fractures heal easily, but others may require more intervention.
If you have a complicated wrist fracture or hip fracture, you may need an operation to make sure the bone is set properly. Hip replacements are often needed after hip fractures, and some people may lose mobility as a result of weakened bones.
Osteoporosis can cause a loss of height as a result of fractures in the spinal column. This means the spine is no longer able to support your body's weight and causes a hunched posture.
This can be painful when it occurs, but it may also lead to long-term (chronic) pain. Your GP or nurse may be able to help with this.
During the healing process, you may need the help of a physiotherapist or occupational therapist so you can make as full a recovery as possible.
Read more about physiotherapy and occupational therapy.
Coping with pain
Everyone experiences pain differently, so what works for you may differ from what works for someone else.
There are a number of different ways of managing pain, including:
You can use more than one of these techniques at the same time to manage your pain – for example, you could combine medication, a heat pack and relaxation techniques.
Working and money
You should be able to continue to work if you have osteoporosis. It's very important that you remain physically active and have a fulfilled lifestyle.
This will help keep your bones healthy and stop you focusing too much on your potential health problems. However, if your work involves the risk of falling or breaking a bone, seek advice from your employer, GP and the National Osteoporosis Society about how to limit your risk of having an accident or injury that could lead to a bone break.
If you can't continue working, you may be eligible for disability benefits, such as the Personal Independence Payment (PIP). People over 65 who are severely disabled may qualify for a disability benefit called Attendance Allowance.
You may also be entitled to certain benefits if you care for someone with osteoporosis.
More information
External links
Bone Markers (Lab Tests Online UK)
Osteoporosis (Patient UK)
Menopause Matters (Menopause Matters)
Osteoporosis (Age UK)
You & Your Hormones: Osteoporosis


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Envy Theory
Format Post in Health & Fitness BY Frank John Ninivaggi
Shared By Guest
Envy arouses questions about fairness and unequal distribution of resources. The Author of this Book is Frank John Ninivaggi Scavenging for hidden treasures and exploiting the acquisition of what is perceived to be free also imply underlying envy and greed. Array ISBN . Envy, in isolation, can be destructive to psychological processes. Envy Theory available in English. Endowments of envy, however, are not as bleak and unsparing as they at first may appear.

subset: commoncrawl


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I went into a jewelry store who had an armed robbery a couple of years ago. He hit the silent alarm, and the cops shot one BG and one cop got shot. Neither were killed.
He now has cameras in plain view, with a monitor showing the store. I also spotted a Glock 9MM at 3 oclock, open carry. While he was repairing the item I brought in, we struck up a converstation re: guns. He said he OC in the store, and when he leaves, he simply pulls his shirt out over it for CC. He also said, the cameras and gun are working as a deterent, so far. I told him to buy a pocket pistol as a BUG. He said he would look into it.
In Florida, you may O.C. in you home or business without a permit. However, in public, only concealed and it reuired a CWP.


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|News Release
Contact: Jessica Novak
Office of Marketing and Communications
|Nonprofit and Public Service Center
Date Posted: Sunday, September 02, 2012
Topic: Getting your board "on board," professionals and volunteers as partners in the fundraising process, October 9
|Lakeland's Nonprofit and Public Service Center will host "Your Board and Fundraising: Team Up with Your Trustees" on Tuesday, October 9 from 8:30 -10:30 a.m. on the college's main campus, 7700 Clocktower Drive, Kirtland 44094, in the A Building, room 2100.
The $45 fee includes materials and continental breakfast (beginning at 8:00 a.m.).
To register, visit lakelandcc.edu/ce or call (440) 525-7116 and mention registration number 13FNPC107.01.
The session will focus on ways that professional and volunteer leaders can work together as a team to ensure the success of the fundraising process. It will feature a presentation by David Holmes, regional training coordinator of the Foundation Center - Cleveland, and a panel discussion moderated by Michael Parry, chief development officer, The City Mission of Cleveland. Panelists will include: Cheryl Davis, chair, board of directors, The Gathering Place; Eileen Saffran, executive director and founder, The Gathering Place; Steve Baum, president, board of directors, The Fine Arts Association; and Linda Wise, chief executive officer, The Fine Arts Association.
Participants will learn:
· How to help board members overcome their reluctance to fundraise
· Ways the board can participate in the fundraising process
· Tips for strengthening a fundraising board
· How to create passion and enthusiasm for the mission of the organization
· How to tell compelling and powerful stories
For maximum impact, participants are encouraged to register as board/staff teams.
About the Lakeland Nonprofit and Public Service Center
The Lakeland Nonprofit and Public Service Center provides customized consulting services and offers noncredit educational and professional development programs throughout the year for both individuals and organizations. The Center also provides opportunities for networking, dialogue, and collaboration for those in the nonprofit and government sectors. For more information, visit lakelandcc.edu/nonprofit or call 440-525-7434.
Keyword: nonprofit


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Sep 5, 2011 9:24 AM
College has started and so has the semester long time share in the dorm shower. And we went to a school where signs like "Please, stop masturbating in the showers" and "Stop trying to flush your bloody pads down the toilet" were necessary. So we're not taking our chances this year and recommend you don't either. Go ahead and purchase a year's worth of Boticario de Havana Soap on a Rope ($15), stock up on cheap shower sandals and figure out how to never touch the sides of the shower wall ever again.
If you've got a product or service that you'd like to promote on Outblush, click here to find out about our advertising opportunities.
Outblush is a blog for girls who love to shop. Our staff digs up the best clothes, home stuff, beauty items, and more. New items are posted every day — bookmark us and check out:


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- » Home
City Data
This section presents data on the health of infants living in cities compared to that of infants nationwide. Included are data on low and very low birth weight for infants that were born in U.S. cities with over 100,000 residents and infant mortality for infants born in cities with more than 250,000 residents.
The measures in this section indicate that the health status of infants living in large U.S. cities is generally poorer than that of infants in the Nation as a whole. In 2005, the percentage of infants born at low birth weight was 7 percent higher in cities compared to the national average (8.8 versus 8.2 percent). The infant mortality rate was also higher in cities, which may be at least partly attributable to the higher rate of low birth weight. In 2004, the city infant mortality rate was 7.4 per 1,000 live births, compared to a rate of 6.8 per 1,000 nationwide.
The topics in this section include:


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Yesterday Hero Motorcorp showcased the 620cc concept model at the 12th Auto expo and now they have release a video of this beast with it's features and specifications. This new sports bike will be called as Hero Hastur. It will generate a power of 80 PS using a parallel-twin engine pump system. Top speed of Hastur is 250kmph. Bike can reach 0-100kmph in 3.8 seconds. As said in our earlier article on Hero Hastur 620cc Superbike, it will have twin headlights which make it different from other naked street fighters.Check the features and specifications of Hastur 620cc below.
Hero Hastur Features, Specifications
- Top speed- 250kmph
- 0-100kmph in 3.8 seconds
- 80PS power using a parallel-twin engine pump system
- broad rear and front tyres
- patented CSI cylinder head
- dual front brakes
- twin projector headlamps
- space frame type chasis
- aggressive street fighter designs
- TFT speedometer
- rear monoshock
- bar end mirrors
- inverted front suspension
Bike concept shown in the above video has a mixture of orange and mattblack colour. Mono suspension gives more comfort when riding over bumpy roads in India. Big discs with ABS breaking system will provide better safety for the riders. Exhausts are paced under the engine for giving more aerodynamics to the bike. As this is a first sports bike from Hero motorcorp, we can't say how the bike will perform on roads. Currently the top capacity bike of Hero is the ZMR, which is an ultimate touring bike with better fuel efficiency. So we expect similar technology in this Hero Hastur as people look for more fuel efficient and budget bikes in India. There is no official information on price of the Haster. For competing with same segment bikes, pricing is an important factor as there are many 600+cc bikes available in market. For more hot news on Hero bikes,subscribe our free service below!
Must Read:- Hero HX 250R 31PS 6-Speed Bike HX250R


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There's a little of Chess inside all of us and the greatest thing with this series is watching Chess win in the end. And now that she's found love in its purest and most tender of forms, you'd think Chess would get a break, but in Sacrificial Magic that's not the case. You will experience a roller coaster of emotions while reading this one. I was actually sweating at one point because I thought Chess would lose everything dear to her. Stacia gives the reader a ride they won't forget.
When we left Chess, she seemed to be in a good place. The reason for this is because of her new relationship with her drug pusher's henchman and hitman, Terrible. Chess has fallen deeply in love with Terrible who returns her feelings also. These two have been through the wringer together. There was a lot of mistrust between them in the beginning, mainly because Chess would keep Terrible in the dark about things, and she was involved in a sexual relationship with her drug dealer/mob boss's enemy's son, Lex. Chess lost herself in Lex's body and the great sex he could give her without being emotionally involved. Chess enjoyed Lex's company and he treated her with respect and gave her free drugs. Since Chess thought she didn't stand a chance with Terrible, she kept turning to Lex. But ten Terrible's jealousy exploded. Now Chess and Terrible are together and it's quite the thing of beauty to watch.
Terrible is terribly ugly to the entire world, but not to Chess. Terrible is this hulking, muscular, street enforcer who has bad hair and a face not even a mother could love. He scares the living daylights out of everyone, and his street dialogue is hard to understand. To most he comes across as uneducated and intelligent. But underneath this rouch and tumble package is a very smart and intelligent man who is very handsome to Chess.
This excerpt explains perfectly how important Terrible is to Chess, where without him she would shrivel up and die:
"Seeing him was like being hit in the chest. Like something exploding inside her, a quick ravenous fire that made her shiver. So bright and so hot it still amazed her that no one else seemed to notice it, that every eye in the place didn't turn to her while she went incandescent."
Chess is very careful around Terrible and puts on kid gloves with him. She's afraid to lose him, and because of this, she constantly second guesses herself. If only she could be honest with Terrible and tell him how she really feels, than everything would be okay. But Chess is not big on communication and a man like Terrible can't always read between the lines. Their relationship is very fragile and it starts to unwind because Chess is so afraid of messing it up. She also thinks she isn't worthy of Terrible. It's really heartbreaking to be privy to Chess' thoughts and feelings because you want to shake the woman because you know she'll ruin everything.
Chess is very self assured when it comes to her job as a ghost hunter for the Church of Real Truth. Her latest investigation leads her to a school that may or may not be haunted. There Chess meets Lex's sister Beaulah who rubs her the wrong way. Chess isn't too happy about taking on this case because it brings Lex into close proximity to her, which would make Terrible very unhappy. But Lex, along with Beaulah, wants to help her solve the case, and from that Chess finds out some disturbing things at the school.
While this is going on, Terrible is there to lend a hand, but then Chess starts a downward spiral that ends up with destroying all her progress with Terrible. Once her drugs she relied on kept her going, now that she has Terrible she doesn't need them as much, but they're still her crutch. Also, The person using dark magic for revenge, which takes place at the school, is still on the loose and won't stop until they succeed in their ultimate plan that could make Chess turn her back on everything and those she loves the most.
I love the type of partnership and relationship Chess and Terrible have. These two must be the most unconventional couple I've ever read. It's all about reading in between the lines with these two. Both are in unfamiliar territory when it comes to their love, although Terrible fairs better than Chess.
Stacia does something very dangerous at one point. There's a scene where Chess is so doped up and paranoid, which leads to a violent altercation with Terrible. She tells Terrible everything that has been eating away at her, even going as far to insult him cruelly and says some debasing things in order to hurt him. Terrible's normal restraint is put to the test here and it's the turning point for both of them in so many ways. This is a gut wrenching scene because it's equally disturbing and powerful but works.
Many of the scenes and actions here have layers that must be unraveled. The scene toward the end where Chess must make a life changing decision will make your heart jump into your throat. The aftermath may have you in tears.
One of the best loves scenes I've read so far this year is in this book. If the car is a rockin', don't come a knockin' comes to mind.
Sacrificial Magic is one of my most anticipated reads of 2012 and it doesn't disappoint. It's explosive, full of nail biting tension and has incredibly written passages I kept re-reading certain paragraphs because the words sound like poetry to me. Stacia has blown my mind away with Sacrificial Magic. She continues to improves with every book. This is a must read and will most likely be in my top 5 favorite books for this year. Chess and Terrible have become my latest addiction where I wait with bated breath for their next adventure. (Available on March 27th from Del Ray)
Final Grade: A-


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LIVE CHAT: Dolphins/Patriots
This is the place to chat during Monday night's game between the Dolphins and Patriots.
I'll be tied up before the game, working with Omar Kelly, Dave Hyde and Mike Berardino on the pregame show on WSFL (CW-Miami/Lauderdale).
So the Sun-Sentinel's multi-media reporter, Steve Svekis, will be co-hosting the chat, and he'll post inactives, starters, etc. I'll pop in from time to time. Since Monday is my last day at the newspaper, Steve will be hosting future chats on this site, and it makes sense for him to get started.
He's the guy who once portrayed Dave Wannstedt as a Pez dispenser in hysterical videos on the Sentinel's website, as the Dolphins gave away draft picks like candy. He attended his first Dolphins game in 1977 and — you'll like this — is probably the most passionate person about the team in the local press corps.


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WikiLeaks Targeting Bank of America? (Updated)
A 2009 interview with the founder and suspected half-vampire Julian Assange suggests possibly.
A 2009 interview with the founder and suspected half-vampire Julian Assange suggests possibly.
"At the moment, for example, we are sitting on five gigabytes from Bank of America, one of the executive's hard drives," he said. "Now how do we present that? It's a difficult problem. We could just dump it all into one giant Zip file, but we know for a fact that has limited impact. To have impact, it needs to be easy for people to dive in and search it and get something out of it."
As Forbes points out, however, any dirt on Bank of America might be old news by now. After all, we already know what awful people they all were. Since the news was (re-) announced, stock of BofA has only fallen slightly—and that may be because they are also being sued by the Lehman Brothers estate.
Update: Oh, look at that. Bank of America shares closed down 3.18%, at $10.95, their worst day since May 2009.
WikiLeaks Targeting Bank Of America? Interview Suggests Mega-Bank May Be Next [Computer World via HuffPo]


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After Marriage Name Change ChecklistPosted on 2014/01/08 by Ferdinand
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Meet Miss Paula
Miss Paula is such a cute puppy with her floppy ears and very serious little face. She should be a nice medium sized dog when she grows up and would love to find a forever home where she could get lots of daily exercise and training and love. You can meet this little cutie at the shelter.
Meet Pounce
Pounce is a really cute girl who is enjoying meeting visitors at the shelter. She is on her way to being a very nice medium sized dog. Here is what her Foster Mom has to say: "Pounce is very playful but also a little reserved. She is very sweet but a little shy around new things. She played well with my dogs and respected the cats. She is very smart and picks up commands quickly. We found it was best to give her lots of play time and exercise before bedtime so she sleeps through the night. You can meet Pounce at the shelter.
Meet Hillary
Hillary is a very cute young girl who is still just a little scared at the shelter. She is going to be a nice small dog when she grows up and would love a quiet home where she could be a companion dog getting lots of attention. If you are looking for a nice small dog, come meet Hillary at the shelter.
A small price to pay for a new BFF
Our dog and puppy adoption fees are $250. That includes spay/neuter surgery, disease testing (dogs testing positive for heartworms are treated; however, we do not add that charge to our adoption fee), up to date vaccinations, deworming, up to date flea/tick & heartworm prevention, a 24Petwatch microchip and 30 days of 24PetWatch pet insurance.


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Kurtcobain Autopsy
Posted by Bobor • Filed under sharon tate autopsy , selena autopsy photographs
kurtcobain autopsy
kurtcobain autopsy KURT COBAIN AUTOPSY PHOTOS A really disturbing photo, which some pranksters claim is of Kurt taken during his autopsy, has been circulated around the ...
kurtcobain autopsy 8 Sep 2010 ... MORE Photos http://www.Celebrity-Autopsies.com.
images kurtcobain autopsy Autopsyfiles.org is a website dedicated in providing autopsy reports ... Review the death certificate of Kurt Cobain, lead singer and guitarist of the grunge band, ...
video kurtcobain autopsy Where can you buy bootlegs? Where is Krist Novoselics home page? Is there another mix of Pennyroyal tea? Where can I get the Kurt Cobain Autopsy photo?
pic kurtcobain autopsy Kurt Cobain, the lead singer of the American grunge band Nirvana, was found .... by the Seattle Post-Intelligencer, purportedly from the official toxicology report, ...
28 May 2003 ... + Kurt Cobain Autopsy photo This photo was being circulated on the internet as a picture of Kurts autopsy. It's not a picture of an autopsy but of ... picture kurtcobain autopsy
Tagged: bonnie clyde autopsy, color autopsy pics, jfk autopsy photos
Comments (3) • September 27 , 2011 •
3 Responses
June 4 , 2011
All three were left-handed, died at the age of 27, and reportedly had a white lighter linked to their death. Kurt Cobain's autopsy report also notes the discovery of ... kurtcobain autopsy


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Download Richard Dawkins debunks "Atlas Of Creation" by Harun Yahya (1/4) video
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Richard Dawkins debunks "Atlas Of Creation" by Harun Yahya (1/4)
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Richard Dawkins debunks the publication "Atlas Of Creation" by Harun Yahya (aka) Adnan Oktar.
In September 2008 Oktar issued a challenge offering "10 trillion Turkish lira to anyone who produces a single intermediate-form fossil demonstrating evolution". Biologist PZ Myers responded: "The US government should immediately send a plane to pick up Mr Oktar, bring him to our country, and take him on a guided tour of the Smithsonian and the American Museum of Natural History, accompanied by Niles Eldredge, Kevin Padian, Jerry Coyne, Sean Carroll, and the entire scientific staff of those museums. Afterwards, they can accept the check from Mr Oktar, run down to the local bank and cash it, and use one trillion dollars to resolve the current financial crisis, seven trillion can be sunk immediately into the American educational system, and they can send the change left over to me as a reward for coming up with this brilliant plan." Oktar's offer is similar to creationist Kent Hovind's $250,000 offer[29], which has been dismissed by creationists and scientists as a misleading gimmick where those who applied for the challenge have questioned his sincerity about paying and understanding of evolution.
His latest publication, The Atlas of Creation, was published by Global Publishing, Istanbul, Turkey in October 2006. Tens of thousands of copies of the book have been delivered, on an unsolicited basis, to schools, prominent researchers and research institutes throughout Europe and the United States. The arguments used by the book to undermine evolution have been criticized as not logical while evolutionary biologist Kevin Padian has stated that Oktar has no understanding of the basic evidence for evolution. Biologist PZ Myers wrote: "The general pattern of the book is repetitious and predictable: the book shows a picture of a fossil and a photo of a living animal, and declares that they haven't changed a bit, therefore evolution is false. Over and over. It gets old fast, and it's usually wrong (they have changed!) and the photography, while lovely, is entirely stolen."
The book contains a number of factual errors, such as the misidentification of a sea snake as an eel (two unrelated species) and in two places uses images of fishing-lures copied from the internet instead of actual species. A number of other modern species are mislabelled
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This morning I became a huge fan of Brooklyn five-piece band Miracles of Modern Science. The band features only a mandolin, violin, cello, standup bass and drums, but that is the extent of any ties toward the past or classical music. The band uses forward-thinking pop and indie ideas creating a sound that will please fans of heavy electronic music to more conservative music buffs. The band met at the music department at Princeton, which makes a lot of sense because these aren't riffs that one could stumble across noodling around, these are smart, well thought out riffs. The band avoids landing on the wrong side of the nerd line with their indie pop sensibilities and not being content covering Call Me Maybe at open mic nights to pick up girls (although they do have a decent cover of Ms. Jepsen over at their Soundcloud page).
The Ivy Leaguers just released their second full length MEEMS featuring standout track Dear Pressure which you can stream below. The band is currently kicking it with every other band on the planet down at SXSW, but will be heading out on the open road all over the US, including a show next Friday at The Hotel Cafe in Hollywood and a visit to the Replay Lounge in beautiful Lawrence, KS on April 2nd. Check out Dear Pressure below and go check out their website.


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Reality View® Pro
Keep the big picture in view
Getting in lane made easy: with NAVIGON Reality View® Pro, you'll be informed in good time about motorway junctions and when you need to change lanes. Thanks to photo-realistic displays of exits and the actual junction number, you'll be able to follow the signs. So you will always have your bearings.
* Please note: images may vary from the actual device
- Reality Scanner
- NAVIGON MyRoutes
- Text-to-Speech
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11 Azaan Articles
Sunny Leone impressed by kid Azaan's take on Varun Dhawan's Badlapur song Jee karda1 year ago 0
Trust me, this take by the young gun will blow your mind away... Varun Dhawan's Badlapur song Jee karda has been well imitated by a young kid called… Read Article ▶
Sachiin Joshi to star with Kainat Arora in Haunting Of Bombay Mills2 years ago 0
The Jackpot will play the role a flamboyant rich businessman Actor-producer Sachiin Joshi, who was last seen in film Jackpot, will now be seen in… Read Article ▶
Jackpot first trailer: Sunny Leone ups the sex quotient!3 years ago 1
The Jism 2 star is back and is literally turning up the heat Sunny Leone's latest outing with Naseeruddin Shah and Sachiin Joshi in Jackpot will… Read Article ▶
Is Pooja Mishra copying Candice Boucher?3 years ago 0
The Playboy model was seen in a sheer black dress at Cannes for the release of Azaan, with Sachiin Joshi. And recently we spotted Pooja in a… Read Article ▶
Yogen Shah/Getty
Will Zeenat Aman marry a local Shiv Sena leader?3 years ago 1
The veteran actor may walk down the aisle yet again after a gap of 15 years In what may come as a surprise for several of her fans, Zeenat Aman… Read Article ▶
MUMBAI MIRROR movie review: Gripping cop thriller!3 years ago 3
Sachiin Joshi's new film keeps you engaged till the end Film: Mumbai Mirror; Cast: Sachiin Joshi, Gihana Khan, Vimla Raman, Prakash Raj and Mahesh… Read Article ▶
Mallika Sherawat runs away with Sachin Joshi's money!4 years ago 1
The quintessential item girl aka Jalebi bai takes Rs 75 lakh from the Aazaan actor and ignores his pleas to return the money. But she has a different… Read Article ▶
'Aazaan' actor Sachiin Joshi to marry Urvashi Sharma4 years ago 0
The actor announced it on his phone status and also posted a picture of Urvashi and him Sachiin Joshi, who made his Bollywood debut with Aazaan, is… Read Article ▶
Sachiin Joshi: The days at Cannes were the best in my life5 years ago 0
Businessman turned actor Sachiin Joshi talks to us about his super ambitious debut film Azaan, his friends in Bollywood, Hollywood and his passion… Read Article ▶
Candice Boucher sets the red carpet aflame at Cannes5 years ago 4
Candice Boucher captured all the attention on the red carpet at Cannes. But wasn't she there to promote Sachiin Joshi's debut film Azaan? There is… Read Article ▶
Shahrukh inspires Sachiin Joshi5 years ago 0
SRK's protégé Sachiin J Joshi's launch film Azaan looks impressive, with a cast and crew that is enough to get any seasoned filmmaker… Read Article ▶


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Study of Wairarapa irrigation project funded
The Government and Wellington Regional Council will fund an in-depth feasibility study on a planned irrigation network in Wairarapa.
The Wairarapa Water Use Project aims to irrigate between 30,000 and 50,000 hectares of farmland in the region. The project has received $2.5 million in funding to further investigate how best to store the water.
As well as guaranteeing water supply for farmers, Wellington Regional Council says the irrigation network will secure urban water supplies.
An economic analysis in 2009 estimated that over 25 years, the irrigation project would bring in $430 million of additional farm-gate value to Wairarapa's farmers.
The analysis also predicted there would be large land-use changes as farmers moved out of sheep and beef production and into dairy farming and intensive cropping in the irrigated area.
Next story in Rural: Fish silage trails 'show promising results'
Copyright © 2012, Radio New Zealand


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About Restaurant:
Welcome to the 11th century! Just beyond the great doors of our Hall of Arms waits the celebration arena, the heart of each of Medieval Times' nine castles. From high above King Philippe and his daughter-in-law, Princess Leonore, preside over a four-course feast. Below, privileged royal guests are transported to faraway lands including a romantic snowy rendezvous in the woods and an authentic medieval tournament for the Battle of Champions
About Restaurant:
About Restaurant:
The little sub shop that began over 30 years ago in Denver, CO still has the same bold ideas that we had in the beginning. We boldly believe that your food should taste great and that we should use only the highest quality ingredients to create your perfect lunch. Dedicated to making Mmmmm! One Sub, Soup and Salad at a time.
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Gateshead Reserves 3-1 Rotherham United Reserves
Gateshead reserves maintained their impressive start to the season with a 3-1 Central League win over Rotherham United at the International Stadium.
Goals from strike pair Gary Mulligan and Nathan Fisher and another from midfield man Josh Gillies saw the Tynesiders home.
Former Cambridge United forward Chris Holroyd replied for the Millers with a fine solo effort, all the goals coming in the first half.
"Just as in the previous wins against Hartlepool United the first half was action packed," said reserves boss Paul Bryson "we played very well and cut Rotherham open with some great football."
"The second half was not as eventful but we still had the better chances. It has been a superb start for both the first team and the reserves and there is a real spring in the step of everyone at the club."
After Tim Deasy had easily saved from Nicky Travis Mulligan shot over after exchanging passes with Gillies.
A Mitchell Rose trip on Fisher then saw Kyle Nix's 13th minute free kick come back off the bar, Kyle Vassell then puting a good chance over at the other end.
An explosive two minutes ended with Gateshead taking the lead after Gillies' through ball had put captain Rob Briggs in on goal.
Experienced former Doncaster and York City keeper Andy Warrington made a stunning one handed save only for Mulligan to confidently knock home the rebound from an angle.
Muligan then had a shot tipped around the post and then Fisher was off target after being set up ny Nix.
Just as against Hartlepool the Heed were driving forward and playing quality football on an excellent surface and they added a second goal on 20 minutes.
A great ball from Gillies saw Fisher sidestep his marker, his shot partially saved by Warrington only for the ball to have enough pace to cross the line.
The Millers should have pulled a goal back a minute later when Holroyd's cross left trialist Kyle Vassell a close range free header which he put past the post.
Both sides were playing at a good tempo and after Holroyd had shot into the side netting he brought his side back in it with a brilliant goal.
Showing good skill to bring down Warrington's high clearance on the right touchline near halfway Holroyd's long infield run was finished with an 18 yard shot that found the bottom corner.
Undeterred Gateshead swept forward again, Mulligan slipping a pass into the path of the onrushing Craig Baxter whose shot brought another good save from Warrington.
From Nix's corner Mulligan's downward header was tipped over by the overworked Warrington, another Nix flag kick seeing Mulligan volley over from inside the box.
Gateshead were peppering the Rotherham goal and Fisher wasn't far wide from 24 yards from Briggs' lay-off.
A misunderstanding between Carruthers and Deasy saw the full back's header back to the Heed keeper go past the post with Deasy in no mans land.
Gateshead added a third goal in the 44th minute when Mulligan headed on a Baxter throw in and Gillies volleyed home.
Just as in the previous home win over Pools there was a lot less incident in the second half as Rotherham tried in vain to find a way back into the game.
A good ball from Martin Brittain saw Mulligan shoot powerfully into the side netting while Holroyd got behind the Heed defence only for Deasy to block.
Briggs was denied by Warrington again on the hour after Gillies had pulled the ball back from the by-line.
Former Derby County midfielder Ben Pringle had an angled drive tipped over by Deasy while Alec Denton shot past the near post.
With another impressive win assured Ewan Moyes had a header from Brittain's free kick deflected for a corner
Gateshead Res: Deasy, Baxter, Carruthers, Briggs, Moyes, Lay, Brittain, Nix, Mulligan, Fisher, Gillies
Subs (not used): Marshall, Gilbert, Luke
Goals: Mulligan (14), Fisher (20), Gillies (44)
Rotherham Utd Res: Warrington, Tonge, Fox, Foster, Hall, Travis, Royles, Rose (Denton 69), Vassell, Holroyd, Pringle
Subs (not used): Brown, Leydon, Woods, Lynsey
Goal: Holroyd (27)
Referee: Gary Beswick (Newton Aycliffe)
Craig Baxter
Martin Brittain
Nathan Fisher
Rob Briggs. Photos by Michael Riddle.


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That's why I'm starting a new game: Urbanism Talk Bingo. I've picked a set of phrases that keep cropping up in talks about the ways that technology could change cities. See how many of the 10 below you can tick off in the next talk you hear about urbanism in the 21st century; and let us know of others you think we've missed:
"I almost didn't get here because of [insert name of public transport]."
This is a standard opening for a talk about smart cities. The speaker wants to show how dumb the public transport is, and how far cities must improve to become smart.
More than half the worlds population now live in cities.
Its a statistic we hear all the time. Hell, sometimes we even enjoy dropping it into our own blogs. It would be important to improve cities even if less than half the worlds population lived in them, and so I worry that this fact is often used as filler.
The rate of population growth is unprecedented.
This often follows the point above, often comes with a graph, and usually leads into a point about the pressure on natural resources and need to protect them.
Cities are very complex.
Its usually a precursor to a long explanation about a piece of research into an area you hadnt thought about. If you didnt think cities were complex before, you will after.
London has more in common with New York than with Birmingham.
This is a specific one, but there must be regional variations. The point is global cities have more in common with each other than with smaller cities in their own country.
Cities have a lot of data, but they dont know how to use it.
Cities want to become more efficient, and tech firms want to sell them on the benefits of using big data to make it happen. A sales pitch comes along shortly afterwards.
More extreme weather means that resilience is vitally important.
It isnt just Brits who like talking about the weather. A lot of speakers do as well.
Sustainability isnt just good for the environment. Its good for business.
Businesses dont have to do good for the sake of it. They can do it because it makes financial sense to do so, and it makes sense for others to keep making that point.
We were promised hoverboards, and they havent happened yet.
The point is that the future doesnt always pan out like we expected, but I have another question. Am I the only person in the world who didnt want a hoverboard?!
Smart cities arent just about technology. Theyre about people.
This is a standard ending to a talk about cities and technology, and its also a common theme in blogs on Future Cities. Theres no point in city leaders getting focused on grand technology projects if they do nothing to help the people who live and work in cities.
Related posts:
—Rich Heap, Community Editor, UBM's Future Cities


text:
Mortgage interest rates are expected to remain relatively low throughout 2007, but whether that is enough to spark a full-fledged rebound of the real estate market this year is a subject of vigorous debate.
Low interest rates typically spell good news for home
buyers and sellers since they lead to low mortgage
payments and allow consumers to buy more house
for the buck. But analysts are mixed about whether
that stability will trigger increased sales.
"Short-term rates are
going to stay fairly steady," says Mike
Fratantoni, senior economist with the Mortgage
Bankers Association. "We also see the 30-year
fixed mortgage rate creeping up -- about 6.2
percent today to about 6.5 percent by the end
of the year -- and then basically holding steady
from there."
The Mortgage Bankers Association
isn't alone in its assessment of a fairly stable
interest rate environment. In its January 2007
Economic Outlook, Freddie Mac predicted the
interest rates for 30-year fixed mortgages will
remain below 6.5 percent in 2007. The National
Association of Realtors in its February 2007
forecast predicted that the interest rates for
30-year-fixed mortgages will rise to 6.7 percent
by the second half of the year. But rates will
rise in such a gradual manner that, "potential
buyers will have some time to weigh purchase
decisions," NAR Chief Economist David Lereah
said when the report was released.
So what's fueling this interest
rate environment? Some say globalization. "Foreign
investors are now extremely active in buying
U.S. debt securities," Fratantoni says.
"That adds another set of buyers to the
market and helps keep rates down and fairly
Could the interest rate environment
change? "If, for some
reason, foreign investors decided to stop investing
in U.S. securities, we would see a spike in
interest rates," Fratantoni says. "There
is a risk there, but I don't think it's a likely
"Just look at how a person's
monthly payment changes on their home when the
interest rate changes by 1 percentage point,"
says Chris Porter, senior consultant with Irvine,
Calif.-based John Burns Real Estate Consulting.
"It has a significant impact on their monthly
payment." A $300,000 home, for example,
would cost a buyer $1,610.46 per month with
a 5 percent interest rate and $1,798.65 with
a 6 percent interest rate -- nearly a $200-per-month
* Mortgage rate may include points. See rate tables
for details. Click
here. * To see the definition of overnight averages click
Bankrate.com ®,
Copyright © 2016
Bankrate, Inc., All Rights Reserved,
Terms of Use.


text:
Khattak Dance—The Dance of the Warriors
The dance of the warriors–Khattak Dance. Kattak dance is a well known dance of Khyber PakhtoonKhwa. It is certainly an interesting sight to witness dancers dancing to the rhythm of drums while holding swords.It is called Khattak Dance as it is performed by the well built and energetic tribesmen of the one of the many Pashtoons' clan, "Khattak".
Khattak dance has its own history. This sword dance is called a warrior dance as it was performed before wars as a form of warm up exercise. Some historians trace its history back to the ancient Greece. It is thought that ancient Greeks brought a resembling pre-war dance along the weapons when they first reached Afghanistan. Over the period of time, this pre-war dance was forgotten in Greece but survived here.
There can be no doubt that this dance demands lots of physical training, agility and alertness. It sure is a way to demonstrate physical strength. The movements of Khattak dance are fast and the dancer has to hold two or three swords; each weighing around one and a half Kg. The dance typically consists of a five step routine. The number of dancers? the more, the better. Up to 40 dancers can take part. The dance mostly consists of spins, half spins all while holding swords in hands; sometimes behind their backs, sometimes along their sides all the while dancing to a really fast drum beat. The enthusiasm of the drummers is also a treat to watch. Sometimes they also hold swords in their mouths for an effect.
In Khattak dance there are several stages or styles which are a pure delight to watch. Some steps involve whole group of dancers while in other steps only individual dancers show off their skills. In a step called Baangra, the whole group of dancers dances in odd number of circles to medium paced drum beat while displaying their swords and holding them as artillery. The dancers continually swirl and halt along the rhythm of the drums. Sometimes, individual dancers dance to a very fast paced drum beat swinging two swords in hand while the third sword is in their mouth. Some steps involve waving handkerchiefs as well. Whether an individual is performing or a group is, Khattak Dance is a treat that should not be missed.
Men dressed in bright and colourful traditional costumes, waving glittering swords in the air and swirling to the drumbeats and tunes of surnai is what Khattak dance is all about. Controlled footwork and flexible body movements on fast drumbeats with instantaneous sword swinging by a troupe involving men of all ages makes Khattak dance distinct from other folk dances of the Pakhtoons.
The dancers, wearing shalwar and specially tailored frock-like kamiz in addition to red embroidered waistcoat with large decorative scarves tied around the waist or knotted around the neck, perform in a circle. Shining swords with sharp edges add more colour to their body movements and the overall festivity created by the dance.
The Khattak dance is not mere entertainment or fun. A Khattak tribesman dances with the zeal of a hero, displaying his physical fitness through body movements, while holding one, two or even three swords at a time. Each sword weighs about one-and-a-half kilograms. The Khattak tribesmen, although quite religious, often fail to resist the impact created by the thunderous drum beats and sweet tunes of surnai that accompany the Khattak dance.
The Khattak dance is as old as the history of the tribe, going back to the fourteenth century. As the word goes, the Khattaks used to dance with swords as a warm-up exercise prior to taking on their rival tribes in a battlefield. With the passage of time, dance became a permanent feature of their funfairs, giving the tribe an additional emblem of their distinct identity.
The fast tempo with which the Khattak dance starts and ends distinguishes it from all the other Pakhtoon folk dances which are described as Atanr (Pashto word for a family of identical folk dances). Except for the Khattak dance, all the other Pakhtoon folk dances or Atanr start with a slow tempo and get fast as the momentum picks up with a corresponding faster beat.
The second important dissimilarity between the Khattak dance and other folk dances is the absence of Sanrry (oily hair grown up to a specific length), which the Khattak dancers don't have. The dance comprises a total of 12 steps requiring the dancers to have the best of skills to perform. At one moment they would be performing individually and in a fraction of seconds they would align their body movements with the rest of the troupe members – whose number may be as high as 40.
"Each performing step must not last more than two minutes to maintain stamina at a certain level," said Subedar Nauroz Khan, head of the Khyber Rifle's Khattak dance troupe.
The first step is the Bhangrah where every member swirls while carrying swords as the prop. The Bhangrah is followed by Derabi. At this stage, two youths at a time, carrying one sword and a handkerchief each in their hands, start dancing in front of the man with surnai while the rest of the troupe members wait for their turn. In the Laila, the third step, a group of four performers holding two swords each, perform stunts moving in a circle.
Braghoni is the fastest and the most adventurous of all steps, which a single dancer performs with three swords. He very skillfully swings two swords in the air while holding the third in his mouth.
Bulbullah, the last of the twelve steps, is staged without swords. The dancers sing a love song at a high pitch. At the end of the song, the drumbeat increases slightly and the dance goes on.
Apart from the Khattak tribesmen, the Frontier Corps has also made persistent efforts in conserving and promoting the folk dances of the Frontier province. The well-maintained corps troupes occasionally perform in Pakistan and abroad.
Khattak is the only dance which has withstood the change of times over the centuries. Its flavour and essence are almost in its original form. And this is so because it's a blend of rich and exciting moves that come from the very heart of the performers.
December 10, 2011 in Culture by Ummay Abdullah The dance of the warriors–Khattak Dance.


text:
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Docket No. FD 35652
Digest:[1] This decision denies a request filed by seven residents of the town of Upton, Mass., for reconsideration of the Board's decision to deny discovery in this proceeding.
Decided: May 7, 2013
On January 24, 2013, the Board, by decision of the Director of the Office of Proceedings (Director), instituted a proceeding to resolve a controversy between seven residents of the town of Upton, Mass. (Town)—Diana Del Grosso, Ray Smith, Joseph Hatch, Cheryl Hatch, Kathleen Kelley, Andrew Wilklund, and Richard Kosiba (Petitioners) and the Grafton & Upton Railroad Company (G&U). The Board instituted this proceeding to determine whether specific operations conducted in Upton at a bulk transloading facility constitute "transportation by a rail carrier," and whether the Town's zoning and other regulations are preempted under 49 U.S.C. § 10501(b). That decision also adopted a procedural schedule and denied the parties' requests for discovery. Petitioners have now filed a petition for reconsideration of the Board's decision to deny discovery. As addressed below, we are denying the petition.
On August 1, 2012, Petitioners filed a petition for declaratory order requesting that the Board find that certain transloading services (i.e., the screening, vacuuming, and bagging of wood pellets, and the trucking and storage of bulk goods) at an Upton bulk transloading facility (Upton Facility), on property owned by Upton Development Group, LLC (UDG) and operated by Grafton Upton Railcare, LLC (GU Railcare) allegedly on behalf of G&U, are not preempted from certain local zoning and other regulations. Petitioners also asserted that the wood pellet packaging services provided at the facility are not integrally related to "rail transportation," and that the bulk transfer terminal activities are not being conducted by a "rail carrier." In their filing, Petitioners sought discovery to obtain, among other things, the contractual agreements G&U has with its customers and any other documents that would help to ascertain the degree of control G&U has over the transloader performing services at the Upton Facility.
G&U filed a reply in opposition to the petition for declaratory order on August 21, 2012, asserting that there is no controversy or dispute to be resolved, that preemption applies here, and that there is no need to institute a declaratory order proceeding. Should the Board institute such a proceeding, however, G&U requested an opportunity to conduct discovery.
By decision of the Director served on January 24, 2013 (January 24 Decision), the Board instituted a proceeding to resolve the controversy at issue and adopted a procedural schedule for subsequent filings by the parties. According to that schedule, G&U's reply and comments of interested persons were due by February 25, 2013, and Petitioners' response was to be due by March 11, 2013.[2] The January 24 Decision, however, denied the parties' requests for discovery. The Board reasoned, among other things, that Petitioners would have access to G&U's Terminal Transloading Agreement with GU Railcare and the Lease Agreement between G&U and UDG pursuant to a protective order issued by the Board in this proceeding, and also noted that G&U had failed to explain why any discovery would be needed.
On February 13, 2013, Petitioners filed a petition for reconsideration of the Board's decision to deny discovery on grounds of material error and new evidence. On February 28, 2013, Petitioners filed a petition seeking postponement of the March 11, 2013 due date for the filing of their response to G&U's reply because the Board had not yet ruled on their appeal of the agency's decision to deny discovery.[3] On March 1, 2013, G&U filed a reply in opposition to the request for a postponement, and subsequently filed a reply in opposition to Petitioners' reconsideration request on March 5, 2013.
By decision served on March 7, 2013, the Board found that good cause existed to grant Petitioners' request for postponement of their March 11, 2013 filing and suspended the procedural schedule, pending further Board order. The Board reasoned that suspension of the procedural schedule would avoid unnecessary filings and would allow the Board to fully consider Petitioners' reconsideration request and G&U's reply. We are resolving the parties' discovery dispute here and restarting the procedural schedule.[4]
The Board's January 24 Decision instituting a declaratory order proceeding and denying discovery was issued by the Director of the Office of Proceedings.[5] Petitioners have appealed that decision, seeking reconsideration on grounds of material error on the agency's part and purported new evidence. However, Petitioners have failed to demonstrate that reconsideration of the Director's discovery ruling is warranted under either ground.
Petitioners argue that the Board committed material error by stating in the January 24 Decision that the "Board does not typically order discovery in declaratory order proceedings." According to Petitioners, the Board has routinely allowed for discovery in other declaratory order proceedings.[6] Petitioners also argue that the Board's regulation at 49 C.F.R. § 1114.21 permits discovery in all Board proceedings, other than informal proceedings.
G&U responds that none of the cases cited by Petitioners support the proposition that discovery is routinely allowed in declaratory order proceedings and that, at the time of Petitioners' request for a declaratory order and discovery, there was no proceeding within the meaning of 49 C.F.R. § 1114.21 that was before the Board prior to January 24, 2013.
In the January 24 Decision, the Director, in denying the parties' requests for discovery, correctly stated that the Board does not typically order discovery in declaratory order proceedings. [7] The agency has explained in a number of decisions in the past that discovery normally will not be ordered in declaratory order proceedings where the dispute involves a legal issue and where the record is sufficient to resolve the controversy without discovery. See Md. Transit Admin.—Petition for Declaratory Order, FD 34975 (STB served Sept. 19, 2008); Town of Babylon and Pinelawn Cemetery—Petition for Declaratory Order, FD 35057 (STB served Feb. 1, 2008).
This proceeding involves a challenge by Petitioners as to whether the screening, vacuuming, and bagging of wood pellets, and the trucking and storage of bulk goods, at the Upton Facility are preempted from certain local zoning and other regulations. Petitioners have also alleged that the wood pellet packaging services provided at the facility are not integrally related to "rail transportation," and that the bulk transfer terminal activities are not being conducted by a "rail carrier." The Board has jurisdiction over "transportation by rail carrier" under 49 U.S.C. § 10501. Accordingly, to qualify for federal preemption under § 10501(b), the activities at issue must constitute "transportation," and must be performed by, or under the auspices of, a "rail carrier." See 49 U.S.C. § 10501(a)(1); Hi Tech Trans, LLC v. New Jersey, 382 F.3d 295 (3d Cir. 2004).
In resolving the type of issue presented here, the Board is guided by the terms of the agreements between the railroad and the transloader.[8] Petitioners now have access not only to public versions of the Terminal Transloading Agreement and the Lease Agreement, but also to unredacted versions of both agreements pursuant to a signed protective order required by the Board.[9] In addition, as noted by G&U, Petitioners have access to numerous documents submitted to the Town as part of its inquiry as to whether it could regulate activities at the Upton Facility. Also, G&U has submitted the latest tariff governing transloading activities at the Upton Facility.[10] These documents should be sufficient for Petitioners to submit a complete, well-reasoned response to G&U's reply and for the Board to resolve the largely legal controversy that is in dispute here, i.e., whether certain operations at the Upton Facility constitute "transportation by a rail carrier." Accordingly, we reject Petitioners' claim that the Director's decision to deny discovery in this matter constituted material error.
Petitioners also argue that recent litigation in the United States District Court, District of Massachusetts between G&U and the adjacent town of Grafton, Mass. (Grafton) raises significant questions with respect to G&U's operations at the Upton Facility. According to Petitioners, the litigation in Grafton stems from a set of facts and circumstances that are strikingly similar to this proceeding. Petitioners assert that the federal court in the pending litigation between Grafton and G&U has permitted discovery, which has led to the production of several documents detailing the formation of a transloading facility in Grafton and supporting the claim, in that proceeding, that G&U does not control the transloading facility there.
Petitioners contend that the documents produced from discovery in the Grafton litigation now raise the question of whether there are other agreements or documents that relate to the formation and construction of the Upton Facility that have not yet been identified or submitted into evidence and that could bear heavily on whether the activities at the Upton Facility constitute "transportation by a rail carrier." Petitioners maintain that documents obtained through the Grafton litigation constitute "new evidence" warranting reconsideration of the Board's previous decision not to allow discovery.
In response, G&U argues that the litigation between G&U and Grafton involves a different transload facility and different parties (with the exception of G&U) and that the pleadings and exhibits in the Grafton action do not constitute new evidence, nor are they probative of, or relevant to, any of the issues in this proceeding. G&U also argues that because Petitioners have access to unredacted versions of all relevant agreements, as well as to verified statements supplied by G&U, no other evidence from any other source needs to be discovered in this proceeding.
We reject Petitioners' claim that documents related to the Grafton court litigation amount to new evidence and should be discoverable on that basis. In a Board proceeding, any evidence subject to discovery, whether new or not, must be relevant to the subject matter of that proceeding. 49 C.F.R. § 1114.21. Because the documents from the Grafton court litigation relate to a different transload facility and different parties, such evidence is immaterial to this proceeding. Therefore, Petitioners' request to conduct discovery based on that evidence is not a sufficient basis for reconsidering the Director's decision. Further, we note G&U's assertion that it has given Petitioners all documents relevant to determining whether G&U has sufficient control over the Upton Facility, and we also note that Petitioners have only alluded to the possibility of other documents relevant to determining whether the activities at the Upton facility constitute "transportation by a rail carrier." Given the state of the record in this proceeding, discovery in these circumstances would not be justified.
For the reasons described above, we find that Petitioners have failed to demonstrate that the Board's January 24 Decision involved material error, or that alleged new evidence warrants discovery. As such, we will deny the petition for reconsideration.
In light of our ruling here, the procedural schedule in this matter will be restarted and Petitioners' response will be due 10 days from the service date of this decision.
This action will not significantly affect either the quality of the human environment or the conservation of energy resources.
It is ordered:
1. The petition for reconsideration is denied.
2. Petitioners' response is due on May 20, 2013.
By the Board, Chairman Elliott, Vice Chairman Begeman, and Commissioner Mulvey.
[1] The digest constitutes no part of the decision of the Board but has been prepared for the convenience of the reader. It may not be cited to or relied upon as precedent. Policy Statement on Plain Language Digests in Decisions, EP 696 (STB served Sept. 2, 2010).
[2] Pursuant to the procedural schedule established in the January 24 Decision, G&U filed its reply on February 25, 2013. No other interested person filed comments.
[3] Petitioners asked that, should the Board deny their petition for reconsideration, their rebuttal be due 10 days after that ruling; if the Board granted reconsideration, Petitioners requested a reasonable period of time after the ruling to complete discovery and submit their response.
[4] The Town of Upton Planning Board (Planning Board) filed a letter in this proceeding on April 15, 2013. On April 22, 2013, G&U filed a motion to strike the Planning Board's letter as late-filed. We will not consider the Planning Board's late-filed letter. Any comments from interested persons were due by February 25, 2013, and responses to Petitioners' request for reconsideration were due by March 5, 2013. Further, the Planning Board failed to serve its letter on all parties of record. In light of our action here, G&U's motion to strike will be denied as moot.
[5] The Board's rules at 49 C.F.R. § 1011.2(a)(7) provide that appeals of initial decisions by the Director instituting a declaratory order proceeding must be filed within 10 days. Although late-filed under these rules, we will consider the petition and G&U's reply in the interest of ensuring a full and fair process.
[6] Petitioners cite Springfield Terminal Ry.—Petition for Declaratory Order—Reasonableness of Demurrage Charges, NOR 42108 (STB served June 16, 2010); Denver & Rio Grande Ry. Historical Found. d/b/a Denver & Rio Grande R.R.—Petition for Declaratory Order, FD 35496 (STB served Apr. 30, 2012); N. San Diego Cnty. Transit Dev. Bd.—Petition for Declaratory Order, FD 34111 (STB served Aug. 21, 2002); E. W. Resort Transp. & TMS. LLC d/b/a Colo. Mountain Express—Petition for Declaratory Order—Motor Carrier Transp. of Passengers in Colo., MCF 21008 (STB served Mar. 21, 2005).
[7] Petitioners are correct that 49 C.F.R. § 1114.21 permits a party to obtain discovery in formal proceedings for any matter, not privileged, that is relevant to the subject matter involved in a proceeding. But here, the Board did not initiate a proceeding until the January 24 Decision, and discovery was addressed at that time. In any proceeding, the Board may determine the proper scope of discovery. Here, the Board properly concluded that no discovery is needed to resolve the dispute at issue.
[8] See Borough of Riverdale—Petition for Declaratory Order, FD 35299, slip op. at 5 (STB served Aug. 5, 2010); City of Alexandria—Petition for Declaratory Order, FD 35157, slip op. at 2-3 (STB served Feb. 17, 2009).
[9] At the time of Petitioners' request for reconsideration, they only had access to public versions of the agreements and raised a number of questions about those agreements. Because Petitioners have since gained access to unredacted versions of the agreements pursuant to a signed protective order, they already have the information needed to present whatever arguments based on the language of the agreements that they might wish to make.
[10] See G&U Tariff 5000-A, effective January 1, 2013. The Board will review that tariff in resolving this dispute.


text:
May 11, 2010 10:48 AM
Babies aren't known for their table manners, so bibs are required dining attire. But if you're out & about and have to feed your offspring, carrying around a pureed sweet potato-covered, crusty, dirty bib afterwards is, well, gross. Introducing Dwell Studios Bibs To Go! ($13) This set of 20 disposable water-resistant bibs comes in a tear-off pad form, so you can just stash them (measures 9.25"x13.5")in your diaper bag. Each pad has six designs: cars & trucks, exotic animals, peas, carrots, birdies on a branch, and airplanes.
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