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Welcome to our new series on digital photography.
This weeks article focuses on what to look for in a "professional" photographer.
Each week we will be covering a different subject, ranging from basic DSLR camera operation, to composition, equipment reviews, tips and tricks, as well as taking reader requests and Q&A.
With the advent of digital photography, one cannot go anywhere without seeing or being exposed to a camera. Just look around. Camera phones are the norm, and how many times have you seen someone taking a photo with their iPad? Now-a-days everyone thinks they are a photographer.
Well sure, any yahoo can take a picture, but it takes a talented professional to create a lasting image that will evoke emotion, capture a moment in time, and become a treasured keepsake for generations. Great images don't just happen, they are crafted.
Recently we have been getting a lot of clients asking if we can help them "fix" bad photos taken by other "Pro's". Some of these are really, I mean really bad. Red eyes, blurry, way to dark, grainy or "noisy" as we call it.
So I decided to list a number of things that you should look for when selecting a photographer for your wedding, portrait, or important event. Here goes!
1. Are they a full time pro, or a weekend warrior who plays at being a photographer for extra pocket change?
2. Are they insured? Do they have liability insurance?
3. How long have they been in business? Do they have a physical address for a studio?
4. Do they have a website where you can see clear large samples of their work?
5. Does their website contain real verifiable reviews? Can you contact the people that have reviewed their work?
6. Do they belong to any professional photography organizations such as PPA, ASMP, ABC, MDPPA, NACE ? If they do not, or do not know what any of these are, RUN!
7. Can you see actual physical copies of their work such as albums, photo books, framed and matted images?
8. Have they won any awards for their work? Can they prove it?
9. Are they a preferred vendor with any institutions or venues?
10. What equipment do they use? This may require a little research on your part. Most pro's will use Canon 5D MK III, Canon 1 DX, or Nikon D3 or D4. If their camera has a pop up flash, again RUN!
There are a lot more things like, are they friendly, do you click with them, is their style what you are looking for. These are the basics. If who ever you choose can answer yes to these questions and can prove it, you have a much better chance of having a great photographic experience.
Just like when hiring any other service provider, you need to educate yourself, and do your homework.
Robbie McLean is an internationally respected photojournalist, author, and lifestyle photographer. He is the creative director for Baltimore based Bayline Studios Photography and Events, LLC.
Contact Robbie at: firstname.lastname@example.com


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What are the different modes in lock entry list(SM12)?
When I get into that transaction I can see the list of locked objects. For each entry I can see the modes as E, S. what are these modes?
Thanks & Regards
Refer this
N Ganesh
Exclusive lock: The locked data can only be displayed or edited by a single user. A request for another exclusive lock or for a shared lock is rejected.
Shared lock: More than one user can access the locked data at the same time in display mode. A request for another shared lock is accepted, even if it comes from another user. An exclusive lock is rejected.
Exclusive but not cumulative: Exclusive locks can be requested several times from the same transaction and are processed successively. In contrast, exclusive but not cumulative locks can be called only once from the same transaction. All other lock requests are rejected.
Ravi Thothadri
Different types of lock modes...
Shared lock
S (Shared)
Several users (transactions) can access locked data at the same time in display mode. Requests from further shared locks are accepted, even if they are from different users. An exclusive lock set on an object that already has a shared lock will be rejected.
Exclusive lock
E (Exclusive)
An exclusive lock protects the locked object against all types of locks from other transactions. Only the same lock owner can reset the lock (accumulate).
Exclusive but not cumulative lock
X (eXclusive non-cumulative)
Whereas exclusive locks can be requested several times by the same transaction and released one by one, an exclusive, non-cumulative lock can only be requested once by the same transaction. Each further lock request will be rejected.
Optimistic lock
O (Optimistic)
Optimistic locks initially behave like shared locks and can be converted into exclusive locks. See Optimistic Locks.
check this sap help...
Already i have posted reply for this
SM12:Tcode for lock management
Managing lock entries lets you monitor your system with regards to lock logic. You can determine which locks are being used currently. Locks that have had the backup flag set are highlighted in color
You can detect and correct problems by deleting locks that you no longer want. You can also later analyze the cause of lock table overflows using the History
Mode: you can see which type the lock object is ( S: shared lock, E: exclusive lock, X: exclusive and not cumulative, O: optimistic lock). The various lock modes are described in section Functions of the SAP Lock Concept.
Table: The Table column contains the tables in which rows are locked.
Lock argument:the Lock argument column, you can see the argument (key field) of the lock entry.
This corresponds to the entries in the lock table.
The lock entries are shown in different colors:
Blue means that the locks have already been transferred to the update task (see also The Owner Concept), with the result that the backup flag is set. These locks are also rewritten to the lock table when the enqueue server is restarted.
Black means that the lock (still) belongs to the dialog owner. The backup flag is not set.
By choosing Edit ® Sort by, you can display the locks according to user, time, table, or host system (host).
By double-clicking a lock entry, you can display detailed information, including the host name and number of the SAP System in which the lock was generated.
if it is useful assign points
Senthil kumar.P
Hi All,
Thanks a lot for your answers

subset: commoncrawl


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Do a search for junior entrepreneur programs in Canada and nearly everything you turn up will be based in Ontario or New Brunswick. Even Alberta and Quebec get in on the action, but British Columbia is sadly lacking in programs to get kids thinking about business. In most cases, it would be a relatively simple matter to incorporate the same programs Ontario uses in its schools into BC schools, but it's rare to find anything like this yet.
According to the Globe and Mail, the top ten entrepreneur programs for kids are mainly based in Ontario, making this the best province for parents wanting their children to get a head start in business.
What can you do as a parent or teacher? Talk to the school board and see if it is possible to include some business training in the classes. Or, look for options outside of school. You may even consider setting up your own young entrepreneur group if you can't find anything in your part of Vancouver.
Of course, children do not necessarily need a large group of like-minded peers in order to be successful. They may thrive with adult mentors and guidance, even though they do not have specific child entrepreneur training. While this depends on the child, most just need a little support from their parents in order to be successful.


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By Tom Morphet
December 19, 2013 | Volume 43, Number 50
For the first time since the rebuilt Haines School was oriented toward Old Haines Highway in 2007, students could make it to the school along a sidewalk.
The $975,000 project was one of several changing the face of downtown in the past year. Work...
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by Mary Shelley
Frankenstein Chapter 3 Quotes
How we cite the quotes:
Quote 4
Such were the professor's words —rather let me say such the words of the fate —enounced to destroy me. As he went on I felt as if my soul were grappling with a palpable enemy; one by one the various keys were touched which formed the mechanism of my being; chord after chord was sounded, and soon my mind was filled with one thought, one conception, one purpose. So much has been done, exclaimed the soul of Frankenstein—more, far more, will I achieve; treading in the steps already marked, I will pioneer a new way, explore unknown powers, and unfold to the world the deepest mysteries of creation. (3.15)
The obvious problem here is the "deepest mysteries of creation": Shelley seems pretty convinced that we should let them stay mysterious. The second problem is the "one thought, one conception, one purpose"—it sounds like Victor really needs a hobby other than digging up corpses.
Quote 5
I turned my reluctant steps from my father's door--led me first to M. Krempe, professor of natural philosophy. He was an uncouth man, but deeply imbued in the secrets of his science. (3.9)
Science is again construed as a secretive art.


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Service Learning Courses in Transitional Studies
Fall 2013
This course is designed to prepare students for success in ENG 101. This course will cover the aspects of development, revision, and writing of academic essays, as well as language mechanics, grammar, and usage skills necessary for effective written communication. Emphasis is on the application of these skills in frequent writing assignments and revisions of academic essays. Three class hours per week, three fee hours. Three imputed credit hours; no credits earned.
No Credit
Pre-requisite(s): Accuplacer reading score of 71 - 80.9 and sentence skills score of 94.9 or lower; or reading score of 81 or above and sentence skills score of 64.9 or lower. Co-requisite: Co-enrollment in any REA 100 for students with Accuplacer reading comprehension scores between 71 - 80.9
Course Offered Fall and Spring
- Service Project (TRS 105-002):
Students will be tutoring writing at Mercier.
(20 hours — Option) F-13


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July 11, 2012
IOWA CITY, Iowa - A limited supply of single-game tickets to the home games of the 2012 University of Iowa football team will go on sale the week of July 23, with fans of the Hawkeyes who are also members of the National I-Club being provided the first opportunity to make a purchase.
Because of the record-setting demand for season tickets to the seven home games Kirk Ferentz's squad will play inside historic Kinnick Stadium in 2012, the number of tickets available for purchase on a single-game basis is small in total number. In fact, it is likely that only "singles" - individual seat locations scattered throughout Kinnick - will be available for Iowa's home games against Iowa State and Minnesota.
The UI Athletics Ticket Office will accept orders for single-game tickets online at hawkeyesports.com beginning at 6 a.m. Orders placed over the phone (1-800 IA-HAWKS) or over the counter at the UI Athletics Ticket Office in Carver-Hawkeye Arena will be accepted from 9 a.m. to 4 p.m. each day.
The schedule for single-game ticket sales is as follows:
Monday, July 23 - Kinnick Society and Champion Hawk
Tuesday, July 24 - Golden Hawk
Wednesday, July 25 - All other donor levels
Thursday, July 26 - Non-donor season ticket holders and mini season ticketholders
Friday, July 27 - General public
The UI Athletics Ticket Office will place a limit on the number of single-game tickets fans can order for each game. The limit will be based on their membership status in the National I-Club:
Iowa State, Minnesota, Penn State and Nebraska Games
Kinnick Society and Champion Club - Limit six (6) tickets per order per game
Golden Hawks - Limit four (4) tickets per order per game
All other levels of giving - Limit two (2) tickets per order per game
Northern Iowa, Central Michigan and Purdue Games
Kinnick Society and Champion Club - Limit eight (8) tickets per order per game
Golden Hawks - Limit six (6) tickets per order per game
All other levels of giving - Limit four (4) tickets per order per game
Ticket prices range from $70 for games against Iowa State and Nebraska to $55 for Central Michigan. A $25 ticket for use by boys and girls high school age and younger is also available for the games against Northern Iowa and Central Michigan.
As in the past, Hawkeye Village is the best solution for fans of the Hawkeyes looking to entertain groups in sizes from two or four to 20, 40 or 200. For details about Hawkeye Village ticket and game-day hospitality packages, fans should call Bravo Sports Marketing at (319) 626-8286 or go online to bravosportsmarketing.com.


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Sorry, you need to install flash to see this content.
Hey guys,
i wanted to share my youtube profile with you so that you can check out some of my competition footage. i was feeling a bit under the weather for my last two competitions. so they aren't the best performances, and the camera ran out of space so the last couple matches weren't captured, but oh well. we have a new camera so that shouldn't be an issue in the future.
please make comments.


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A Concert at the Melbourne Recital Centre
Here you can see some pics from the last concert of our 2012 Local Heroes subscription series at the Melbourne Recital Centre. "A Phoenix for Ferdinand III" was a beautiful and slightly sombre programme of 17th century German repertoire, with some appropriately moody lighting. Here you can see some snapshots of us on the stage.
Chamber Music New Zealand Tour
Here you can see us in action on our tour through NZ in August-September 2011. Traversing the country from Invercargill to Auckland, many an adventure was had and mountain admired. Oh, and there were lots of sheep!
2010 CD recording images
Here are some images taken during the recording of our debut CD, released in July 2011.


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College Hockey:Amazing Aveson
In a year that featured a wealth of outstanding goaltenders, Plattsburgh's Sydney Aveson stood alone.
The West Covina, Calif., native kicked out old marks from the record books, similar to the method she utilized on opposing forwards throughout the season.
"My teammates pushed me every step of the way since I was a freshman," Aveson said after the Cardinals had secured the national championship. "From my first year here, I certainly didn't have goals of breaking records. My goal as a Cardinal was to improve every day, every year. You cannot become good unless you are challenged, and I have to attribute my success for my teammates challenging me every day."
Aveson began the season with six consecutive shutouts; she didn't allow her first goal until a 1-1 tie with Amherst in late November. While Plattsburgh was in one-vision mode on the way to the final four tournament, Aveson was inevitably at the forefront of each Cardinals triumph. Aveson finished with a 22-1-1 record and led the nation with 14 shutouts and a .971 save percentage.
The Cardinals ranked as the best defense in the country, allowing 0.68 goals-per-game. For a touch of perspective on her influence in the Cardinals rise to the top of the podium, consider that through her sophomore season, Aveson had six losses in her ledger; two years and 50 games later, she completed her career with eight.
The following is a self-policing forum for discussing views on this story. Comments that are derogatory, make personal attacks, are abusive, or contain profanity or racism will be removed at our discretion. USCHO.com is not responsible for comments posted by users. Please report any inappropriate or offensive comments by clicking the "Flag" link next to that comment in order to alert the moderator.
Please also keep "woofing," taunting, and otherwise unsportsmanlike behavior to a minimum. Your posts will more than likely be deleted, and worse yet, you reflect badly on yourself, your favorite team and your conference.


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Americans are wallowing in debt.
It's been building up for many years, of course, but
in the past 10 years American consumers doubled the total to $1.98 trillion --
adding a thousand billion dollars to the current level of consumer debt.
now averages $18,700 for every single American household.
wonder experts call it a ticking time bomb.
we're in debt Top
10 causes of consumer debt -- You know you're in debt, but may be uncertain
exactly how you got there. Bankrate's Debt Adviser Steve Bucci lists the top 10
-- Do you suspect you have a problem handling credit? Take this quiz to find out.
the debt comfort quiz -- This quiz will help you decide whether your debt
is causing problems.
What's your spending style? -- Are you impulsive, decisive or pragmatic? Discover
how well you understand yourself.
Are you financially self-destructive? -- These questions will help you find
out whether your habits are sabotaging your finances.
and women spend and save differently -- The sexes exhibit distinct gender
traits when saving, investing and spending.
it affects us Good
debt vs. bad debt -- A mortgage is usually good debt. Buying more clothes
you don't need on credit is not.
and marriage: a dangerous mix -- These strategies will help you work through
debt without ending up in divorce.
with a debt collector -- They can try to collect legitimate debts, but there
are legal limits on how they do it.
the unexpected pay cut -- If you don't pay your taxes, child support or other
debts, creditors can go after the cash directly from your paycheck.
debt management affects your credit -- Once it was considered the kiss of
death, but it's not that bad anymore.
* Mortgage rate may include points. See rate tables
for details. Click
here. * To see the definition of overnight averages click
Bankrate.com ®,
Copyright © 2016
Bankrate, Inc., All Rights Reserved,
Terms of Use.


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This story has been updated here.
Welcome to your discussion forum: Click the login link below to sign in with or to set up a Disqus account or to access your social networking account. When you do, your comment should be posted immediately, provided it meets the guidelines. (What are the guidelines?.) Report abuse by flagging a comment (mouse over the comment). Comments made here are the sole responsibility of the person posting them; these comments do not reflect the opinion of The Berkshire Eagle. So keep it civil.
(Photo by Matt Sayles/Invision/AP)
BET Awards 2016: Jesse Williams, from "Grey's Anatomy," makes passionate speech about racism and social justice.
Jesse Williams electrified BET Awards, with moving speech about social justice, racism and the appropriation of black culture.


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More New and Used
from Private Sellers
Note: Supplemental materials are not guaranteed with Rental or Used book purchases.
Orthopedic and Athletic Injury Examination Handbook
ISBN13:by Starkey, Chad; Brown, Sara D.; Ryan, Jeffrey L.
F.A. Davis Company
Related Products
Stands on its own as an easy-to-carry reference in the clinic. [Its] strengths. . . are its clear diagrams and the table format frequently used to present information. Athletic trainers and physical therapists will find this on-the-field or in-the-clinic handbook a useful reference with clear explanations and diagrams. Advance for Physical Therapists and PT Assistants, review of the 1st Edition. Tap into easy-to-follow, step-by-step guidance on the evaluation and initial management of specific orthopedic and athletic injuries with the New Edition of this companion to Examination of Orthopedic and Athletic Injuries, 3rd Edition. From evaluative procedures for palpation and range of motion through neurologic, ligamentous, and special tests, everything you need now in the lab, and later in the field or in the clinic, is here. It a terrific preparation tool for the BOC examination, too. Covers procedures for over 185 special, neurological, ligamentous, and range of motion tests. Features unique palpation photographs with anatomical overlays to identify the underlying structure. Provides precisely illustrated, step-by-step instructions for the correct position of the patient and examiner, the evaluative procedure, positive test results, and implications. Includes tables of bony landmarks, and other useful aids for identifying postural disorders. Illustrates proper measuring techniques.
Table of Contents
|The Injury Examination Process
|p. 1
|Examination and Management of Acute Pathologies
|p. 21
|Evidence-Based Practice in the Diagnostic Process
|p. 31
|Injury Pathology Nomenclature
|p. 37
|Musculoskeletal Diagnostic Techniques
|p. 65
|Assessment of Posture
|p. 77
|Evaluation of Gait
|p. 105
|Foot and Toe Pathologies
|p. 117
|Ankle and Leg Pathologies
|p. 157
|Knee Pathologies
|p. 191
|Patellofemoral Articulation Pathologies
|p. 247
|Pelvis and Thigh Pathologies
|p. 265
|Thoracic and Lumbar Spine Pathologies
|p. 295
|Cervical Spine Pathologies
|p. 339
|Thoracic, Abdominal, and Cardiopulmonary Pathologies
|p. 379
|Shoulder and Upper Arm Pathologies
|p. 399
|Elbow and Forearm Pathologies
|p. 461
|Wrist, Hand, and Finger Pathologies
|p. 485
|Eye Pathologies
|p. 527
|Face and Related Structures Pathologies
|p. 539
|Head and Cervical Spine Pathologies
|p. 553
|Environment-Related Conditions
|p. 573
|Reflex Testing
|p. 583
|Lower Extremity Functional Assessment
|p. 593
|p. 596
|p. 601
|Table of Contents provided by Ingram. All Rights Reserved.


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The Cotton Mouth Club
"You expect high-octane performing in a Chicago Dance Crash endeavor, and, in their latest, "The Cotton Mouth Club," you get it." -Chicago Tribune
Chicago Dance Crash unleashes its 21st Century fusion of styles on prohibition-era Chicago and the 1980's of our youth in "The Cotton Mouth Club," a time-traveling fable of hot jazz, romance, smoldering street violence and personal redemption. For Crash's annual summer signature, Jessica Deahr and Robert McKee transform the stage of the historic Victory Gardens Biograph Theatre into a full-blown speakeasy.
Using hip hop, ballet, jazz, swing, acrobatics, breakdance, and contemporary dance styles, "The Cotton Mouth Club" spins the saga of Rooster and Zora, an oil and water couple of young adults, he the speakeasy owner plowing through an endless nightlife, she the wife left waiting for the commitment promised but not delivered. Caught in the middle of rival gangs of moonshine-making boys, Rooster must make a critical choice between a familiar world of urban violence or personal awakening.
Set in an era of hot jazz and silicon smooth swing, this surreal prohibition fantasy is reminiscent of Outkast's "Idlewild," but our story doesn't stop there, as "CMC" pops, locks, and weaves its way through dueling eras, rebooting the same collision course in an era fueled by B-Boys breakdancing to the King of Pop! "Cotton Mouth" shakes the dust off and offers two acts, two worlds, and one timeless story.


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Actions: Cite this text
The ORDINARY of NEWGATE his Account of the Behaviour, Confessions, and Last Speeches of the Malefactors that were Executed at Tyburn, on Friday the 16th day of September, 1709.
AT the Sessions held at Justice-Hall in the Old-Baily, on Wednesday, Thursday and Friday, the 7th, 8th, and 9th instant, Eight Persons, viz. Five Men, and Three Women, were try'd for several Capital Crimes, and being respectively found guilty of them, received Sentence of Death accordingly. Of those Eight Persons Four are now order'd for Execution, and the other Four are respited from Judgment, by HER MAJESTY's most gracious Reprieve; which I hope they will take care to improve (as they ought to do) into good Manners, or else they will shew themselves very ingrateful, and unworthy of that Life which they had forfeited, and Mercy has thus restor'd to them.
While they were under this Condemnation, I attended them twice every day in the Chapel at Newgate; whither they were brought up, to joyn in Prayer and to hear the Word of God, which I both read and expounded to them; and to which they seem'd to give great attention; being (I hope) made sensible that their wilful disobeying that Sacred Word, was the Cause of their present Calamity, and just fears of worse things to come.
On the Lord's Day, the 11th instant, I preach'd to them and others there present, both in the Morning and Afterternoon, upon these Words, 1 Joh. 3. 3. And every Man that has this Hope in him, purifies himself, even as He is pure.
From which Words I laid down this Proposition; viz.
That whosoever has a true and lively and well-grounded Hope that he shall go to Heaven, he has it from his Conformity to Christ in Purity and Holiness of Life, by the Spirit of Grace.
In discoursing upon this, I shew'd,
I. That wicked and ungodly Men, who live a vicious Life, and indulge themselves in a constant Practice of Sins, and never take care to be purged and purify'd from such Spiritual Defilements, cannot have that Hope, though they may presumptuously imagin, that notwithstanding their Wickedness, they shall be admitted into Heaven. Such Persons are in a most dangerous State, and Miserable for ever, while they fancy they shall be happy.
Here I observed, first, What are the Grounds on which these Men build their Hope; and secondly, made it appear by several Particulars, How vain and foolish those Grounds are, and how unsafe to rely upon for Salvation.
And then I proceeded further to shew;
II. That no Man can have a sure Hope of Heaven, till he purges himself from Sin, and lives a virtuous Life; being pure as CHRIST is pure.
Which to explain, I endeavour'd to shew,
1. How any Man may be pure as CHRIST is pure, and holy as CHRIST is holy, though not in measure and degrees, yet in similitude and likeness.
2. That whosoever is not so, or do's not endeavour to be so, must part with all Hope of Heaven, and expect his Portion and Allotment to be with the Damned in Hell.
Having inlarged upon these, I concluded at both times with such pressing Exhortations and Admonitions, particularly directed to the Condemn'd, as I thought most suitable to their unhappy Circumstances; endeavouring to perswade them to make a careful use of the short Time they had now to prepare for Eternity; and to that end apply themselves to God in fervent Prayers for Grace to return to Him by a sincere Repentance, and to embrace the Offer of Mercy and Pardon in Christ thro' a lively Faith in Him, and universal Obedience to the Divine Precepts of his Gospel, from which they had so strangely and so unaccountably swerv'd, though at the same time they bore the Name of CHRIST, and would be call'd Christians: A Name which only belongs to those that purifie themselves, even as He is pure; That live the Life of the Holy JESUS, &c.
I hope they were affected with what was then and at other times deliver'd to them from the Word and in the Name of GOD; and that the consideration of the fewness of the days they knew they had to live here, made them entertain serious thoughts of their approaching Dissolution, and excite them to a due Preparation for a better Life heareafter.
In my private Discourses with them, they gave me the Account of their past Lives and present Dispositions; the Substance whereof here follows.
I. Richard Northcoat, condemn'd for breaking open the House of Mrs. Mary Peake, and taking from thence some Pewter-Dishes and Plates, with other Goods, on the 19th of October 1708, and for another Burglary also by him committed some few days after that, viz. the 24th of the said Month of October, in the House of Mr. Daniel Herbert; out of which a great quantity of Sheep-Skins and Lamb-Skins were then taken. He confess'd, that he was guilty of those two Facts, and that he had done ill things before, and been under the Correction of the Law, but was not (as he should have been) reform'd thereby; so that he could not but acknowledg, that this Sentence pass'd upon him was very just, and that he deserved now to lose that Life, which he had taken no better care to preserve. He said, he was 26 years of age, born at Oxford; from whence he came up to London six years ago; and being a Smith by his Trade, he made Iron-work for Ships, at St. Catherines near the Tower of London, where he was set up; and where having continued about three years, he then left that Place and Occupation, and lifted himself into the QUEEN's Service , and was above two years in HER MAJESTY's First Regiment of Foot-Guard, in Colonel Egerton's Company. He did at first flatter himself with the hope of obtaining a Reprieve, thinking that his being Young, Strong, and Lusty, and able to do good Service would plead in his behalf for Mercy: But he found, that it is Honesty alone ought to be regarded, and that can best secure a Man's Life; for where that is wanting, the abler a Man may be to do Service, the more mischievous and hurtful he may prove to the World.
2. Josiah Vanhuss, or rather Vanhuyse, condemn'd for breaking open the House of Mr. Walter Hacker, and taking from thence three Silver Spoons and a Fork, on the 21st of August last. He readily confess'd, That he committed that Burglary with one T. L. and, That he had before been engag'd in two or three Facts of the like nature, and all of 'em within less than these three months last past: About which time coming from Sea, he fell in among wicked Persons, who drew him into those Facts, with which he was wholly unacquainted before: So true it is, and he found it so by woful Experience, that Evil Company corrupts Good Manners: For he had receiv'd good Instruction both from his honest Parents, and from other Friends, who took care of him after his Parents Death: And while he was with them, he behav'd himself well, went constantly to Church on the Lord's Day, and minded good things, and was also very diligent in his Calling (a Potter by Trade) which he exerted in the Parish of Lambeth, where he was born and bred. But having taken a fancy to go to Sea about five years since, he then grew loose, and weary of such Work as ty'd him at home; and so getting into the acquaintance of some Persons that were more wicked than himself, he by their means soon learn'd to be very bad indeed; for being thus corrupted by them, he was easily deluded into the commission of the Facts before mention'd: Whereof the first (as he told me) was about nine or ten weeks ago, at a Publick House near St. George's Fields; another in or near Spittle-field Market, about the same time; and the third at the Nine Elms near Battersea, above six weeks ago. All which unlawful Deeds (together with that he was now to die for) he acknowledg'd had drawn upon him this just Sentence of Condemnation; praying, that GOD would shew him mercy in another World, who had so miserably, in the prime of his age (he being but a little above 22 years old) brought this shameful and untimely Death upon himself in this, by a Life so opposite to that Virtuous and Christian Education he had. When he consider'd this he was griev'd at the Heart, and wish'd he had been so wise; as to avoid that which now prov'd his Ruin.
3. Mary Day, condemn'd for two Burglaries, in breaking open (and taking several Goods out of) the Houses of Mr. Samuel Andrews, on the 24th of June last, and of Mr. Robert Stedman on the 3d of July following. She own'd, That she was concern'd in those Robberies, and acknowledg'd also, that about five years ago she was burnt in the Cheek at the Old-baily, for a Fact which deserv'd that Punishment; but solemnly declar'd, that abating these two Facts for which she is now condemn'd, she had ever since that time liv'd an honest Life, and work'd hard for her own and her Children's Livelihood; and that of late, her Employment was to buy and sell old broken Glass-Bottles , &c. She said, she was 33 years of age, born in the Parish of St. Giles's Cripplegate, London, and had liv'd in that Parish for the most part of her Life; but, to her great sorrow, had much neglected going to Church and hearing the Word of God; which she was sensible was the cause of her falling under the Temptation of the Devil, and being too easily engag'd in his Work, for which he paid her now her Wages with Shame and Death.
4. Ann Harris, condemned for breaking open a Chest of Drawers in Mr. Newell's House, her Master, and going away with several things that were in it. She all-along deny'd her breaking open that Chest; but confess'd, That finding it unlock'd, she took out of it 16 Guineas, a Silver Watch, 6 Silver-Spoons, 3 Tea-Spoons, a Halfcrown & 6d. in Silver; That she carry'd all these Things to a certain Woman, with whom she lay in Southwark, after she had committed this Robbery (which she said was about 10 Months ago:) That both she and that Woman went then to Portsmouth, and there sold two of those Spoons at a Goldsmith's Shop, and had 20 s. for them: That the said Woman her Accomplice (for she knew what she had done) let her have 15 s. and no more, and then gave her the slip, and went away with all the rest; she not knowing whither, otherwise than that she heard she was gone to Plymouth. Upon which this Ann Harris returned to her Friends who liv'd at Canterbury, and from thence came to Dulwich, where she was known and apprehended. She said, she never was guilty of any ill thing before (meaning such a Fact as deserved Death by the Law) and that she had behaved herself well and honestly in several Services she had been in about London, for 12 years together; viz. first with a Ginger-Bread-Baker in Aldgate; Then at a Victualling-House in Horsey-down in Southwark: And afterwards at another Victualling-House in Bedford-bury in St. Martin's in the Fields; at each of which Places she stay'd about 4 years, and never wrong'd any of her Masters; till she came to live (about a Twelve-month since, or something more) with Mr. Newell in the Hay-market near St. James's, where she had not been two full Months before she stole the Things above-mention'd out of her Mistress's Chest of Drawers. She told me, that she was abont 31 years of age, born of very just and honest Parents at Canterbury; and, That she little thought once, that she should ever come to do such a thing as should bring her to such an untimely and shameful End; But Opportunity and want of Grace had let her fall under this Temptation. She wish'd others might take Warning by her, and avoid all manner of Sin, lest one single Fault should prove their ruin, as it do's hers, who could not charge her self with any thing (besides this Crime) that the Law of Man could punish. But she acknowledg'd at the same time, that God was just in all his Dealings with her; for she had not lov'd and serv'd Him as she should have done.
This Consideration was now Matter of Grief to her, as it was also to the rest: Who wish'd (all of them) that they had spent their time better; That they had done more good and less evil.
In this disposition they seem'd to be very cheary to spend their time in Prayers and Meditations, and shew'd a great desire to obtain God's Pardon and Eternal Life.
This day being come, which was appointed for their Execution, they were carry'd from Newgate (in two Carts) to Tyburn, where I attended them, and dischag'd my Ministerial Office to them for the last time. I pray'd and sung some Penitential Psalms with them, and made them rehearse the Apostles Creed. I exhorted them to stir up their Hearts and Affections to God more and more, and earnestly to call upon Him for Mercy; which they did, and seem'd to be earnest therein. They desir'd me to speak for them to the Spectators, That they would take Warning by their Fall, and pray for their departing Souls. Which done, we return'd again to Prayer, and after some further time spent in it, I withdrew from them, commending them to GOD's unbounded Mercy and Grace, and so left them to their private Devotions, for which they had some few moments allow'd them. Then the Cart drew away, and they were turn'd off, all the while calling upon GOD to receive their Souls.
This is all the Account here to be given of these Dying Persons, by me,
PAUL LORRAIN, Ordinary of Newgate .
Friday, Sept. 16. 1709.
Books set forth by Paul Lorrain, Ordinary of Newgate .
A Guide to Salvation, or the Way to Eternal Bliss: Being a Collection of Meditations and Prayers, suited to the Exercise of a Devout Christian. Printed for W. Meadows at the Fann in St. Paul's Church-yard, 1709.
The Last Words of the Lady Margaret de la Musse: And, The Dying man's Assistant. Both Printed for, and Sold by John Lawrence at the Angel in the Poultry.
A Preparation for the Sacrament: with Moral and Divine Maxims. Printed for B Aylmer at the 3 Pidgeons in Cornbil.
ROBERT WHITLEDGE, who formerly lived at the Bible in Creed-Lane, is removed to the Bible and Ball in Ave-Mary-Lane, near Ludgate, where all Booksellers and others may be furnisht with Bibles and Common-Prayers of all Sorts, with Cuts or without, Ruled or Unruled, Bound in Turky Leather or Plain. Mr. Surt's Cuts Curiously Engrav'd; also other fine Cutts fitted for all Sizes and Common-Prayers. The Welsh Bible, Welsh Common-Prayer, and Welsh Almanack. The Duty of Man's Works of all Sizes. The Duty of Man in Latin. Latin and French Common-Prayers. Tate and Brady's New Version of Psalms, with the New Supplement. Dr. Gibson on the Sacrament. The Statutes at large, in Three Volumes. Washington and Wingate's Abridgment of them. The Lord Clarendon's History of the Rebellion in Folio and Octavo. The New Translation of AEsops Fables. Also Bp. Beveridge's Works, in 5 vol. And Dean Stanhope on the Epistles and Gospels, in 4 vol. All which Books and Cuts are likewise Sold by J. Baker, in Mercers-Chapel, in Cheapside.
Lately publish'd for the Use of Schools,
Vocabularium Latiale; or, a Latin Vocabulary in two parts. The First being a Collection of the most usual and ease Latin words, whether primitive or derivative; with their nification in English, after the order of the Eight parts of Speech, giving a Specimen of each, and most naturally shewing the gender, increase, declension and motion of Nouns and Pronouns, with the Conjugation-Peterperfect Tense and Supine of Verbs both Simple and Compound. The Second, shewing the variation and declining of all the declinable parts, both regular an irregular. By Tho. Dyche, School-Master in London, Author of a new Spelling-book, entitul'd, A Guide to the English Tongue. Printed for S. Butler, at Bernard's-Inn-Gate, in Holbourn, J Holland, near St. Paul's Church-yard, and A. Collins, at the Black-Boy in Fleet-street. Price 1s.
Memoirs of the right Villianous John Hall, the late famous and Notorious Robber. Pen'd from his Mouth some time before his Death. Containing the exact Life and Character of a Thief in General. As also a lively Representation of Newgate, and its Inhabitants, with the Manners and Customs observed there. The Nature and Means by which they commit their several Thefts and Robberies, and the Distinctions observed in their respective Functions. To which is added, the Cant generally us'd by those Sort of People to conceal their Villanies; and Rules to avoid being Robb'd or Cheated by them. Usefully set forth for the Good of the Publick, at the Instance of many honest People. The third Edition, with large Additions, and a Description of Ludgate, the two Compters, and other Prisons for Debt.
The wooden World dissected in the Character, of, 1. a Ship of War; 2. a Sea-Captain; 3. a Sea-Lieutenant; 4. a Sea Chaplain; 5. The Master of a Ship of War; 6. The Purser; 7. The Surgeon; 8. The Gunner; 9. The Carpenter; 10. The Boatswain; 11. a Sea-Cook; 12. a Midship-man; 13. The Captain's Steward; 14. a Sailor. By a lover of the Mathematicks. The Second Edition, corrected and amended by the Author. Price bound, 1 s.
Both Sold by B. Bragge at the Raven in Pater-noster-row.
London Printed, and are to be Sold by Benj. Bragge, at the Raven in Pater-noster-Row.


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About Us
Psychology is the scientific study of human and animal behavior, cognition, and emotion. It is a broad discipline that includes both basic research and the application of research findings to everyday life.
The Psychology Department at California State University, Sacramento offers both undergraduate and graduate degree programs. We offer an undergraduate program in General Psychology, as well as more specific Graduate programs in:
- General Psychology (with specific emphasis on Psychology Doctoral Preparation)
- Industrial/Organizational Psychology
- Applied Behavior Analysis (ABA)
At both the undergraduate and graduate levels, students may choose coursework, fieldwork, and research experiences that allow them to emphasize such areas as Applied Behavior Analysis (ABA), Clinical/Counseling Psychology, Cognitive Psychology, Developmental Psychology, Industrial/Organizational Psychology, Personality, Quantitative Methods, and Social Psychology.
California State University, Sacramento | 6000 J Street | Sacramento, CA 95819 | (916) 278-6011
If you have difficulty accessing content on this page, please contact us.


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The White House Tours
The white house is known as the house of the presidents starting from John Adams he was the first president to have stayed in the white house in 1800. He wrote, "May none but honest and wise men ever rule under this roof!" George Washington laid the cornerstone in 1792, he never had the opportunity to have stayed in the white house.
Washington DC, Easter Egg Roll hunt started during Rutherford B. Hayes presidency in 1878.
The first swimming pool built at the White House was completed in 1933 by President Franklin D. Roosevelt. The pool was built in the West Wing.
Harry Truman was the first to deliver an address from the white house by television.
Bowling alley was installed in the west wing as a birthday gift to President Harry Truman in 1947.
Computers were introduced into the white house during Richard Nixon's tenure.
President Richard Nixon had a one lane bowling alley installed in 1969.
An outdoor pool was built in 1975 during the presidency of Gerald Ford.
The first Afro-American president Barack Obama added the first basketball court on the south lawn of the White House.
© Presidential House


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Edition: 7th
Author(s): K. Fred Skousen; W. Steve Albrecht
ISBN: 9780538876247 / Paperback / 7/29/1998
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Edition, Cover Design, etc may vary from the eCampus.com description. Please refer to the seller's comments before ordering. Marketplace sellers are required to ship by the end of the 5th business day. Items are not returnable to eCampus.com. Orders cannot be cancelled by eCampus.com.


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College Hockey:2006-07 Cornell Season Preview
The team that everyone had pegged as the one to beat the last few years in the ECACHL is not that team this year — or at least not according to the prognosticators. Cornell has been a favorite in the ECACHL the last few years, and with good reason, as the Big Red have become a force in the league and nationally.
But this year, there are those who don't have such high hopes for the Big Red. Cornell was picked to finish fourth in the league by the media, and the coaches agreed, putting the Red in a fourth-place tie with Dartmouth.
"The polls are trying to project how good we are going to be," observed head coach Mike Schafer. And why are the projections so modest, compared to the Big Red's recent results?
Perhaps it's because the Red graduated Matt Moulson, Daniel Pegoraro and Cam Abbott, who accounted for 72 points between the three of them. Perhaps it's because the Big Red lost three underclassmen on the defensive side over the offseason in David McKee, Ryan O'Byrne and Sasha Pokulok.
"With us, we have so many unknowns, like who is in net and on our blueline, so we don't really know," said head coach Mike Schafer. "We know we'll be a good team, but how good depends on players being able to make the transition to college hockey and new roles."
Goaltending will be a focal point on the Big Red this season. McKee left early to sign with Anaheim, and as a result the Big Red have a total of one game of collegiate experience coming from Troy Davenport to lean on between the pipes. Add sophomore Dan DiLeo, who had no experience last season, and freshman Ben Scrivens, and you have a question mark for the Big Red.
Scrivens could be the man to follow in the footsteps of Matt Underhill, David LeNeveu and McKee — all guys who came in and took the league by storm.
In parallel to figuring out where the goaltending situation will lie, the Big Red will once again concentrate on another point which has always been important to Schafer — scoring goals.
The Big Red scored 99 goals last season, just under three per game, while the defense allowed just over two goals a game. That's a great formula to win hockey games, but with goaltending unproven, getting out of the gate and finding some scoring touch will be key for the Red.
Byron Bitz and Topher Scott (28 points each last year) return to lead the Red in scoring. Ray Sawada and Mark McCutcheon will also be relied on to contribute. But the Big Red's hope is that freshman forwards step into the fray immediately.
Colin Greening, Justin Milo, Tony Romano, Blake Gallagher and Joe Scali will all be expected to step in and provide an offensive punch to the lineup.
The season can't come soon enough for Schafer, who wants to see what he has.
"It's been a long summer," he said. "I just want to get out there right now."
If the Red can get one of the goaltenders to step up right away and get the offense going, there is little doubt that Schafer's systems will get the Red above where the pundits have predicted.
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Please also keep "woofing," taunting, and otherwise unsportsmanlike behavior to a minimum. Your posts will more than likely be deleted, and worse yet, you reflect badly on yourself, your favorite team and your conference.


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A law that is pending in the House of Representatives would criminalize homosexuality and prohibit same-sex marriage in Liberia.
Gay sex, labeled as "voluntary sodomy" is already illegal there, and those convicted are punished by up to one year in prison. This legislation would make homosexuality and gay marriage second-degree felonies, with a penalty of up to five years in prison.
The law is supported by Liberian President Ellen Johnson Sirleaf, despite the fact that she said she would veto any legislation having to do with homosexuality in her campaign. Her only defense of the law was that Liberians have traditional values in their society they "would like to preserve".
In Liberia, the LGBT community already live in a difficult environment filled with discrimination, violence, and hate.
Please tell Liberian President Ellen Johnson Sirleaf to veto this bill!
Dear Ellen Johnson Sirleaf,
I am writing to you today concerning a bill that would criminalize homosexuality and gay marriage in Liberia with a punishment of up to five years in prison.
In Liberia, the LGBT community already suffer from discrimination, violence, and hate. Not only would that bill make their situations worse, but you promised to veto any bills that have to do with homosexuality.
Please keep your promise and veto the bill.
Thank you for your time.
Problem on this page? Briefly let us know what isn't working for you and we'll try to make it right!


text: Beauty Jason Wu To Collaborate With Lancôme 01 February 2013 Lisa Niven JASON WU and Lancôme are collaborating on a limited-edition make-up collection which will be launched in the US this September."Beauty has always been extremely important to the Jason Wu label and I've made it an integral part of my fashion shows," Wu told WWD. "What was so intriguing about partnering with Lancôme, beyond the unparalleled quality and luxury of their products, is the notion that the brand doesn't impose a model of beauty but rather invites women to embrace themselves. This is the embodiment of a truly modern, sexy and confident woman, much like the women I design for."The news comes just two weeks after it was announced that Lanvin designer Alber Elbaz will collaborate with the beauty brand.As yet, the Jason Wu collection is only planned to launch in the US, but with any luck it will make its way to the UK too - with a catwalk beauty history including emerald smoky eyes and poppy red lips, Wu is sure to have something truly beautiful planned. Related Reading Alber Elbaz Teams Up With Lancôme 04 Jun 2013 Jason Wu On Michelle Obama's Inauguration Gown 29 Jan 2013


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Kim Zolciak isn't afraid of letting everyone see what she pretty much looks like when she rolls out of bed. On Thursday, June 5, the reality TV star posted a photo of herself on Instagram that shows her without all the things that she usually has on to look glamorous.
The photo, taken the day prior, shows Kim looking directly at the camera with huge sunglasses on and her hair loosely tied back, with her front layers left out to frame her face. She's wearing a white sleeveless tank top or dress. According to Kim, she has on absolutely no makeup in the pic. Nor does she have on a wig or a bra.
Kim looks that good even without having taken a shower! She explained in her photo caption that she was so busy with her six children the day that she took the photo that she didn't have time for one. She added that half the time, she even leaves the house not realizing that she's still in her slippers. Despite being so busy with her big family that she can't even shower sometimes, she's so happy with what she has that she wouldn't trade it for anything.
Many of Kim's fans wrote in to tell her how beautiful she still looks. Some wrote that she looks younger and even prettier without all the makeup on and that there's no need for her to keep wearings wigs since her natural hair looks good.
Ever since she gained fame from "The Real Housewives of Atlanta," Kim Zolciak has pretty much always worn a wig when making public appearances and filming. She made such a big deal about always wearing a wig that it made news when she finally took her wig in an episode of her spin-off "Don't Be Tardy."
Perhaps viewers will get to see more of Kim Zolciak in her "natural" state when season three of "Don't Be Tardy" airs? When a fan asked her when the season stars, she replied that filming has just ended.
Suggested Links
- Kandi Burruss and Carmon speak out on all the wedding drama, including the moms
- Cynthia Bailey's Peter Thomas says Bravo doesn't appreciate black 'RHOA' cast
- 'RHOA' stars Porsha Williams and Kenya Moore to find love together?
- 'RHOA' star Kandi Burruss' mom Mama Joyce getting spin-off show?
- 'RHOA' Porsha Williams shows off natural hair


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"I don't have a food-service background, but the manager we hired to run the café quit the day before it opened." And so, with her urban planning degree and background in property development, Karen set out to "learn everything."
The goal she and David had established was to create a hangout for the neighborhood. They have succeeded beyond their wildest dreams. "We have regulars, and more and more people turning to us through word of mouth," she says of the café.
But where is the "art" in Artefino? Well, that's Karen's domain, too. After taking over the responsibility from its originator, local artist Hector Vega, Karen's passion for making the space work expanded into the art world. She sells mostly trinkets for under $20 and continues to discover new artists. "I just went to some shows and got four new artists," she boasts. She and David are developing other locations in the neighborhood, including The Wooltex Gallery at Tower Press (they've hired a professional curator to manage it), a spot in the Klein News Building and others. They hope that their business model will continue to evolve.
"We have broadened our horizons," she says. "I'm so proud of myself."
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D.Wade's Baby Mama Revealed + Birth Certificate + D.Wade Releases Statement
It all came out yesterday; we found out that D.Wade fathered another baby boy, Xavier. Once that hit the net, people started to speculate who the mother was. Many thought it was Lamar Odom's ex-boo, Sandrina Schultz, but that was wrong. She definitely had some type of dealings with him but she's not the mother.
A birth certificate revealed D.Wade's baby mama is 30-year-old Aja Metoyer. No one knows anything about these two other than they have a baby boy that was born on Nov.10, and the fact that they've been knowing one another for a while. Baby mama didn't put Wade as the father of Xavier but he sure does have his last name. Making sho' Xavier is set for life, hunni! *POPS gum*
Click here for birth certificate
The Miami Heat player also confirmed his new son. He stated,
"I had a time, a part in our break, in our pain and our hurt, a blessing came out of it in my life, having a son that was born healthy," Wade said of his relationship with Union. "So I'm moving on."
He also stated,
"Yeah, I've got a chance to see him," he said. "You know me. I'm involved in my kids' lives. When my kids were living at home with me, or wasn't living at home with me, I tried to do everything I could to see them. Obviously I got custody of them for different reasons, but nothing changes with my life. Like I've said, this is something that my family knows and my now fiancee worked through when we got back together, and understood that we wanted to continue our lives together and continue supporting our family and we're going to do that. That's what I've always done."
This shouldn't change how people see him. Wade stated,
"It would compromise it if I wasn't a father first," he said. "I'm always going to be a father first. That doesn't change. If you decide to when you can be a father, that's when it compromises. But, like I said, this is something, obviously, private for my family that we will continue to deal with as a family. But we have a blessing to the bloodline, to the Wade bloodline. And from that standpoint, it doesn't, to me, state anything differently from what I've always shown."
I don't understand why people going in on Gabby. He's the one that had sex without a condom (more than likely) and got a chick pregnant. Then wants to pull a proposal, in my opinion, to keep her. Why y'all ain't going in on Wade? talking 'bout they were on break. Hell, not according to that IG. These two seemed like they were very much together. Maybe the break came after she found out about this?
Allegedly, Aja has 2 other sons and one with Damon Wayans Jr. The two were allegedly high-school sweethearts.
Ninjas ain't shit!
But whatevs…


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1 Feb 01:32 2008
RFC 5110 on Overview of the Internet Multicast Routing Architecture
<rfc-editor <at> rfc-editor.org>
A new Request for Comments is now available in online RFC libraries. RFC 5110 Title: Overview of the Internet Multicast Routing Architecture Author: P. Savola Status: Informational Date: January 2008 Mailbox: psavola <at> funet.fi Pages: 25 Characters: 56217 Updates/Obsoletes/SeeAlso: None I-D Tag: draft-ietf-mboned-routingarch-12.txt URL: http://www.rfc-editor.org/rfc/rfc5110.txt This document describes multicast routing architectures that are currently deployed on the Internet. This document briefly describes those protocols and references their specifications. This memo also reclassifies several older RFCs to Historic. These RFCs describe multicast routing protocols that were never widely deployed or have fallen into disuse. This memo provides information for the Internet community. This document is a product of the MBONE Deployment Working Group of the IETF.(Continue reading)


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Posted by Don Pavlin on 04/30/2013 8:00am MDT tags: Photo
DAMASCUS, Syria -- A powerful bomb rocked central Damascus on Tuesday, April 30, 2013 killing 13 people according to Syrian TV, and sowing fear and chaos in a busy commercial district of the capital for the second consecutive day. The Syrian prime minister narrowly escaped an assassination attempt Monday after a car bomb struck near his convoy, a few kilometers (miles) away from Tuesday's blast. The bombings appear to be part of an accelerated campaign by opposition forces seeking to topple President Bashar Assad to strike at his heavily protected seat of power.


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The Wildcats out-hit the Wolverines four to three in a closely contested battle that was decided on a two-run single in the fourth inning.
Wildcat pitcher Taryne Mowatt pitched a gem, as she improved her record to 14-6 in her 17th complete game of the year. The
With both teams hitless entering the bottom of the third,
The Wildcats responded with a pair of two-out runs in the fourth inning to take a 2-1 lead. Caitlin Lowe led off with an infield single, and Chelsie Mesa reached safely when Nemitz failed to retire Lowe on a fielder's choice. Two outs later, UA's two base runners had moved up to second and third, respectively, with Jenae Leles at the plate. The Wildcat third baseman came through with what proved to be her sixth game-winning hit of the year, a two-run single to right.
Mowatt would allow only one hit outside of the third inning and retired the final 10 opposing hitters of the game.
Game Notes:
- Chelsie Mesa's Pac-10-leading 22-game hitting streak came to an end.
- Adrienne Acton's single in the fifth inning pushed her hitting streak to 11 games. The Wildcat right fielder is hitting .433 (13-for-30) in those games.
- All but four of
Up Next:


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Julius B. Lucks/Projects/Python All A Scientist Needs/Presentation
From OpenWetWare
< Julius B. Lucks | Projects/Python All A Scientist Needs
Revision as of 02:07, 3 December 2008 by Julius B. Lucks (Talk | contribs)
The following is a presentation given at PyCon 2008. For clarity, view the Talk Slides along with the video. You can go to the original video page to post comments or rate the video, or post comments below. (Please excuse the camera work.)


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Baltimore County News
Kevin Kamenetz
County Executive
Responsible governing requires difficult decision-making in the face of scarce resources. One such challenge is the need for County government to pay for promised benefits to our employees without breaking the taxpayer's bank. Meaning, how much can we afford to spend now to fix a problem, so that we aren't just kicking the can — and the financial burden — down the road?
The County Council will soon vote on a budget request to allocate $9 million in surplus funds to continue to pay down the County's future liability for Other Post Employment Benefits (OPEB) — that is, the cost for retiree health care and life insurance. The OPEB Trust Fund is the revenue source for healthcare and life insurance for all County employees as well as Board of Education, Community College of Baltimore County, and County Board of Library Trustees employees.
A decisive 2008 ruling by the Government Accounting Standards Board (GASB) changed the rules for all governmental bodies by requiring that all state and local governments account for the cost of these benefits on an annual pay-as-you-go basis as opposed to funding them once an employee retires and begins to draw the benefits. The County was one of a few in the nation that actually began to pre-fund this obligation in 2007. Our FY 13 budget already included $20 million for the General Government's portion of OPEB and if approved by the Council that will be increased to $29 million. In addition, I will direct the Office of Budget and Finance to reallocate $25 million from the Health Care Reserve Account to the OPEB Trust Fund.
When added to the $20 million already budgeted for this retirement fund, the additional $9 million on-going contribution along with the reallocated $25 million will reduce the County's projected OPEB actuarial liability by almost $600 million over 30 years and reduce our annual required contribution by $35 million.
Our dedicated employees have a right to know that their promised benefits will be there when they retire. Our taxpayers have a right to know that these benefits are affordable, and that they won't be stuck with a huge bill down the road. Every decision that we make will continue to be based upon those beliefs. In Baltimore County, we call it strong fiscal management.
Revised April 6, 2016


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The Levy Public Library System will be having Easter egg hunts at the library branches. Luther Callaway Public Library in Chiefland will have its hunt at 4:30 p.m. on April 14. Bronson Public Library will have its hunt at 4:30 p.m. on April 18. A.F. Knotts Public Library will have its hunt at 3 p.m. on April 19 and the Williston Public Library's hunt will be at 4:30 p.m. on April 21. Kids of all ages are welcome and will be able to take their eggs and buckets home with them. Large groups are welcome, but please let your librarian know in advance.
Celebrate the colors, textures and shapes
of north Florida landscapes
Fanning Springs State Park will host its annual spring garden festival Saturday, April 9 from 9 a.m. to 2 p.m. A variety of native plants will be for sale, and techniques for environmentally friendly watering, fertilizing and controlling pest will be demonstrated.
Sgt. Pete Barnes, of Chiefland, right, a K-9 officer with the Levy County Sheriff's Office, is presented with the Officer of the Year award for American Legion Post No. 236 and AMVETS Post No. 444 by AMVETS State Veterans Service Officer Ivan Chubb. Maj. Evan Sullivan, center, head of law enforcement for the sheriff's office, said Barnes is "a can-do guy." Chubb said, "You're the only body I know that everybody likes." Chubb said Barnes is also a military
Dixie Shrine Club President John Long presents Roz Boudreau of Chiefland and the VFW Post 5625 Ladies Auxiliary the Shriners Standing Tall Award for Outstanding Support of Shriners Hospital for Children. Boudreau collected over $4,500 plus donated items, including crochet afghans and soft toys for the Tampa Shrine hospital during 2010.
Memorial Day plans
Ivan Chubb, who organizes the annual Memorial Day ceremonies in Cedar Key and Bronson, has announced plans for the events.
Chubb informed the Levy County Commission that the Cedar Key ceremony will be held in the Cedar Key Cemetery at 1 p.m. on Sunday, May 29.
The Bronson ceremony will be held at the city cemetery at 1 p.m. on Monday, May 30.
Chubb said Veterans of Foreign Wars Post 5625 in Chiefland would be presenting the colors at the ceremonies.
Because We Care Day proclaimed
By GARY MILLER
St. John the Evangelist yard sale
St. John the Evangelist Church on U.S. Highway 27A will have their spring yard sale Friday, April 8, 8 a.m.-4 p.m. and Saturday, April 9, 8 a.m.-3 p.m. There will be a large assortment of furniture, appliances, clothing and household items. Come early for the best choices! We are still accepting items if you are downsizing or have treasures you no longer have room for.
Pastor, Church Leaders Freedom Forum
By GUY SHEFFIELD
Copyright © 2016
The Chiefland Citizen is your source for local news, sports, events, and information in Levy County and Chiefland Florida, and the surrounding area.


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Welcome to Buffaloes Summer Break where CUBuffs.com catches up with Colorado student-athletes and coaching staff members throughout the summer "off season."
Today's installment comes from junior javelin thrower Brian Owens, Jr. A native of Elmer, N.J., Owens didn't compete for the Buffaloes in 2012, but as a freshman in 2011 he recorded the seventh-best javelin throw in team history with a toss of 221 feet at the CU Invite. He placed sixth in the javelin at the 2011 Big 12 Outdoor Championships with a throw of 206'-0".
What is your favorite summer time activity?
Mine is definitely going to the beach, I grew up on the southern New Jersey Shores and almost every weekend of every summer we would go down and spend the days laying on the beach, fishing, swimming and just truly relaxing.� There's something about the ocean that puts me at peace, my family is the same way and some of our greatest times were just sitting around laughing and having a great time together.� I hope one day I can get my mom and dad a little place down the shore for us to visit whenever we need a break.
Favorite vacation destination and why?
Yellowstone National Park.� Last summer I completed my 18th trip there.� My family and I have road tripped from New Jersey to Yellowstone almost every summer of my life, along with a few spring break trips.� In a sense I believe I've kind of grown up there, I have so many memories there that I will never forget for the rest of my life.� My brother Mattie passed away seven years ago and before he died he made the trip 15 times and he wasn't even 14 years old yet.� No matter what was going on in our life my parents and us four sons always made sure we took our trip to the park, and I'm glad my parents made it that way because to this day some of my greatest memories of Mattie come from Yellowstone National Park. Yellowstone is my paradise and it will be forever.
What was your first summer job?
Working for my dad; up until recently it was my only job I've had.� My father builds beautiful custom homes for a living and every summer my brothers and I would take turns helping him on the jobsite.� He would purposely make us do all the non-glorious, labor-intensive work, he said it would teach us a good lesson.� That lesson being to use our athletic talent and don't let it be wasted, he wanted us to know we can do that kind of work at any time in life but use your athleticism to make a living while you can...let's just say I'm still listening.�
What was your most memorable summer job experience?
Building our own house in South Jersey.� My dad, myself, my brother Mattie and one of our cousins built our home when I was 10 years old.� I've been to work on a lot of houses with my father but building our own was the first one I got to help on and it was an exciting feeling.� I know my mom must have been really excited and proud that her husband and sons were building her home, I hope we get to build another one soon.
What is the most important activity you engage in during the summer months that helps prepare you for the next season?
It would have to be training at a more intense pace because you have a little more time on your hands in the summer.� I've always liked the feeling of going back to school in elite shape, its made me more confident for any workout/competition that would come up.� That's what I'm doing now because I want to be in the greatest condition for next spring.� Although the season is a long ways off I know all my competitors are training hard so I believe I should train even harder so I have a leg up on them all.� This kind of thinking has always kept me hungry and ready for more.
If they offered a class in ______________________ at Colorado during the summer I would surely get an A+
Fishing the World 101
What is your favorite moment here at Colorado so far?
Putting on the Colorado jersey before every meet, it instantly revs up my adrenaline and a certain amount of pride and power comes over me.� Part of it has to do with all the amazing athletes and coaches that are here with me now and the ones that came before me.� The other part of it is I know what I've had to go through in my life that certainly has helped me get here, so when I put that jersey on I know I'm making all my loved ones and fellow Buffaloes proud and that's when I'm ready to rock and roll.�
The thing that surprised you the most about the move from the Big 12 to the Pac-12 Conferences is:
I cant say that I was surprised that we switched from the Big 12 to the Pac-12, I've always kind of thought that our school, as the student body goes, sort of identified with the Pac-12 schools better.� However, I was surprised at how quick we made the move, from announcing that we were going to the time of the first competition was extremely fast.�
Best advice for youth that are beginning to compete in athletics.
BELIEVE.� This is the attitude my parents instilled in us sons our entire life.� I can remember my mom writing my brothers and I little notes before games telling us to "believe" in ourselves and "you can do it."� Then our Dad who was also our coach getting us fired up and ready to take on the world before the games or competitions. They wanted us to know that as long as you believe it will happen or that you can achieve something, then you will do it.� I love my parents for that, and without them giving that to me I don't know if I would be where I am today.
If you could play a single game/event for a CU team that is not your sport, which would it be and why?
I'd have to say football, I played throughout high school and initially I wanted to play in college, but after meeting and talking to coaches Casey and Lindsey Malone I shifted my focus towards the Olympics, which I hope to be part of one day.� But I wouldn't mind jumping out on the field and showing off a little bit.� I'd have to talk Casey into being okay with it first though.�
If you could bring one famous person to Colorado for a day-long tour who would it be, and what would you do with them?
I'd have to say (New York Yankees star) Derek Jeter, he's my favorite athlete and when I played baseball my style of play was close to his.� I like that he is all class too, he would be someone you would want to be friends with. So after we went out to a field and tested who was fastest and who could make the better plays, I'd take him fly-fishing and backpacking to introduce the city-slicker Yankees Captain to the Rocky Mountain lifestyle.


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College basketball provided plenty of action on Saturday, so it's only right to provide an abbreviated version of the weekend recap. Syracuse and Duke played a monumental game for the ages in the Carrier Dome. The main attraction doesn't always live up to the hype, but the players on both sides performed admirably. Still, the ACC game of the year, was not the only contest to come down to the wire. Here are some of Saturday's brightest moments.
Game of the Day:
Syracuse 91- Duke 89
Syracuse's win over Duke proved that styles make fights. The sharp shooting Blue Devils were relentless from three point range and hit the Orange with a barrage all game long. However, when it was all said and done, Syracuse escaped with a two point victory in the best college environment all season.
Duke and Syracuse have a potential classic on their hands.
Game of the Day II:
California 60 - Arizona 58
The Wildcats had escaped out of Stanford with a come from behind victory, but they weren't able to hold off the Cal Bears in another barnburner. Justin Cobbs 19 points included the game winning jump shot along the left baseline with .9 seconds left. This was a huge win for the Bears NCAA tourney resume. The loss was Arizona's first this season, and we should have a new #1 team in the country on Monday.
Five Notable Games
Wichita State 81- Evansville 67
The Shockers were down 15 points midway through the first half, but they never panicked. The hot shooting Evansville squad was led by D.J. Balentine with 26 points, but we knew they weren't going to shoot 70 percent for the whole game. Wichita State went from 29-14 down to a 39-33 halftime lead. The Shockers are one of two teams left undefeated.
Texas 81- Kansas 69
The Jayhawks couldn't handle the road contest against the large Texas Longhorns. Kansas lost their first conference game of the season, while Texas proved they may have some fight left to win the Big 12.
Ohio State 59- Wisconsin 58
The Badgers let a late lead get away for their third consecutive home loss. Meanwhile, Ohio State seems to be back on track, but they have a lot left to do this season. Scoring droughts have been detrimental to each teams success.
Georgetown 66- Michigan State 60
The Hoyas saved their season with a win over the Spartans at Madison Square Garden. They couldn't afford to lose to a team without their two best players. Now they have a chance to build on something in conference. For Michigan State, their conference slate is still at hand. Even with the loss, a number one seed is highly likely.
Florida 69 - Texas A&M 36
The Gators are beating people down and it's time to recognize what they're doing to opponents. They held the Aggies to 36 points. It looks like a foregone conclusion that Florida will win the SEC title this year.
The basketball slate has plenty of early games before the Super Bowl. In the ACC, Virginia travels to Pittsburgh in another top notch conference battle. The match up between Joe Harris and Lamar Patterson will be very intriguing. Both teams are vying for second place in the league.
The Michigan Wolverines have a chance to move into the top five with a win over Indiana. Led by Nik Stauskas, the Wolverines have won 10 in a row. Indiana must get this win to jumpstart their movement in the Big 10 standings.
The Cincinnati Bearcats have been rolling in the AAC. To remain undefeated, Cincinnati must take out South Florida at home. Let's see how focused they are after beating Louisville on the road.
For more sports news, check out Top 10+1 Sports Blog. If you liked this article, click the Subscribe button to receive email updates when a new article is published. Follow William on Facebook and Twitter. Find more by William on his music and sports page. Submit your mailbag questions via Tumblr.


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Jul 9, 2010 12:24 PM
It's hot outside. Way too effing hot to do anything but park yourself in front of the air conditioner, laptop on legs, and do some online shopping. Enjoy this week's sales and steals, and have a fab weekend from all of the Outblush staff!
Ann Taylor Loft - Save an extra 50% on sale items with coupon code SALES50. Expiry unknown.
My M&Ms - Save 15% with coupon code THANKS15 through 08/17/2010.
Old Navy - Save up to 60% on clearance, plus an extra 15% off any order with coupon code ONSAVE15 through 07/18/2010.
Payless ShoeSource - Save 20% site wide with coupon code 30495. Expires 07/31/2010.
Perfume.com - Save 10% by using coupon code SUMMER at checkout. Expires 07/11/2010.
If you've got a product or service that you'd like to promote on Outblush, click here to find out about our advertising opportunities.
Outblush is a blog for girls who love to shop. Our staff digs up the best clothes, home stuff, beauty items, and more. New items are posted every day — bookmark us and check out:


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There's a Los Angeles street that leads from Chinatown to Dodger Stadium called Bishop's Road. Alicia Brown, founder of the Historic Cultural Neighborhood Council, says the story behind the name is simple.
"It was the road that was traveled when the Bishop came to visit from San Gabriel to the church in Los Angeles or vice versa. And so you just called it: The Bishop went that way. So that's the Bishop's road. You know, there weren't too many tendencies of putting up a sign. They point in that direction."
You can still find a Catholic Bishop on Bishop's Road from time to time. The street has been the longtime home of Cathedral High School.
(Airdate for this story: 11/11/07)


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Joanna Wise
Department of Biological Sciences
Towson University
8000 York Road
Towson, MD. 21252
Email address: email@example.com
Phone: 410-704-3487
Albright College, Bachelor Of Science, Biology, 1982
Towson University: Master of Science, 2000
Courses Taught/Currently teaching:
Biology 110, 115, 190, 303
Other Activities:
FYE Advisor
Johnson, L. S. and J.Wise. 2000. Wintering Grounds of North American House Wrens as Revealed by Band Recoveries. Journal of Field Ornithology. 71: 501-101
Rogers, J. and P. Guarino. 1986. Comparison of Antibiotic-Containing Media and Media Supplemented with Dichloran and Rose Bengal for Isolation and Enumeration of Fungi in Spices. Journal of Food Protection. Vol 49 No.10: 815-817
Flowers, R. et.al. Enzyme Immunoassay For Detection of Salmonella in Foods: Collaborative Study. 1986. Journal of Associated Official Analytical Chemistry. Vol. 69 No.5:786-798


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Palm Beach snowbird Marc Rosen returns to SoFlo for "Glamour Icons" book signing at Saks
Quick, think of your favorite fragrance.
Got it?
Now…did you first flash on the actual scent or the bottle it came in?
If it was the latter it's because of people like Marc Rosen, the premier perfume bottle and cosmetic packaging designer. Rosen started at Revlon, shot to fame at Elizabeth Arden and then went on to collaborate with fashion houses Chloe, Fendi, Perry Ellis, Ellen Tracy and Jill Stuart through his eponymous firm in New York.
And now he has a book not only chronicling the world of perfume packaging. Rosen will sign copies of "Glamour Icons: Perfume Bottle Design" (Antique Collectors' Club, $85) at Saks Fifth Avenue in Palm Beach Saturday, Dec. 17 from 2 to 4 p.m. in Fragrances on the first floor. For more information, call (561) 833-2551, ext. 205.
"It's really a homage to the fragrance industry,' said Rosen from his Manhattan offices. "And I tell a lot of back stories from working with everyone from Karl Lagerfeld and the Fendi sisters to Joan Rivers, Celine Dion and Christina Aguilera. Harold Koda of the Costume Institute wrote the foreword, there's an introduction by Fleur Cowles [the late editor of Flair magazine] and an interview with Vogue magazine's Hamish Bowles. So there is a lot of gravitas; it's not just pretty pictures."
Along with stories about Princess Grace of Monaco and Prince Fahad of Saudi Arabia and the photos by Vincent Ricardel, the New Jersey-native includes how the romance with actress/beauty writer/astrologer Arlene Dahl blossomed from a business meeting to a marriage, celebrating their 27th anniversary recently. When not in Manhattan, the two spend a great deal of time in their Trump Tower Palm Beach home.
The other raison d'etre for "Glamour Icons" is to illustrate how fragrance bottle designs reflect the zeitgeist of the corresponding decades, right up to today.
"I think now is a lot like the 1930s and the Depression." said Rosen. "With the recession a lot of people are trying to live subliminally. They want some glamour in their lives, but maybe they can't afford that designer dress. But they can afford the fragrance. Just like back then the packaging with its glamour and fantasy can take you out of your humdrum life. Also today i see a lout of humor. Look at Juicy Couture or Marc Jacobs' new scent called Lola. They make you smile."
Proceeds from book sales will benefit The Marc Rosen Scholarship and Education Fund at the Pratt Institute in New York City. Rosen and Dahl support the vision-loss charity Lighthouse International, which holds the annual POSH Palm Beach sales (this year held Dec. 8-10).


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Apollo probably could have achieved its goal a little quicker by using a 2-man capsule for a direct flight. But all of the decisions made in the seven months after go-ahead proved basically correct. The Apollo program was not a hoax, but the real thing.
The Apollo re-entry vehicle itself was originally initiated by NASA in 1960 as the next step beyond the primitive Mercury capsule. It was to be an all-purpose spacecraft for missions to earth orbit and the moon. At the time the design was defined, any moon landing was seen as a far-off unfounded objective - sometime in the 1970's. The capsule was to have a crew of three, because it was thought the crew would have to monitor the spacecraft's systems at all times - therefore, three 8-hour duty shifts. It had to be big enough inside to allow the 3-man crew to function for 14-day missions - the approximate length of the maximum envisioned autonomous earth orbit or lunar mission. These considerations set the size of the capsule, which NASA estimated would be under 4 metric tons.
Max Faget, NASA Langley's "Chief Designer", had already settled on a preferred ballistic capsule configuration, essentially that used on Mercury, but with the slope of the sides increased to allow the capsule to achieve a lift to drag coefficient of 0.5 - necessary to limit G-forces to below 8 when re-entering from lunar distances. Other NASA centers and study contractors favored other shapes - lifting bodies, lenticular flying saucers, conical shapes based on the substantial experience in missile re-entry vehicles, General Electric's D-2 'headlight'. NASA funded extensive studies on all of these, but in the end it seemed that all of this work was undertaken just to prove that there was no alternative with significantly less weight than Faget's preferred design.
After Yuri Gagarin's flight in April 1961, President Kennedy asked NASA to come up with a space first that could be achieved in a reasonable period of time - by the end of the decade - and definitively beat the Russians in the space race. A space station in earth orbit was rejected as being something that the Russians could too easily match. The same went for a manned circumlunar flight. The only mission that would require both sides to develop completely new launch vehicles and spacecraft was a manned lunar landing. Despite the tremendous cost - NASA management tripled the initial $8 billion estimate to be on the safe side - Kennedy announced this as a national goal in May 1961.
The existing Apollo spacecraft concept could return a crew from the moon. But to get it there and back would require an immense booster. The traditional lunar profile was to launch a spacecraft toward the moon, have its landing stage brake it to a lunar landing, then have the ascent stage launch the re-entry capsule from the lunar surface back toward the earth. A spacecraft that could take an Apollo spacecraft on this profile, even using the high-energy but unflown propellant combination of liquid oxygen/liquid hydrogen, would have a total mass of 35 metric tons on trans-lunar injection. This would require a mass in low earth orbit of 90 metric tons. That in turn would require either two to three launches of a Saturn C-2 class booster, or a single launch of a Nova-class booster. Both would require new production and launch facilities, but only the Saturn C-3 could have the prototype 10-m-diameter first stages built under the personal supervision of von Braun's NASA Huntsville rocket team at the existing facility at Michoud. This had been the Peenemuende's rocket team method of working since V-2 days, and they were not going to allow the first stage to be built in any other way.
But the payload requirements for direct-landing an Apollo on the moon were increasing rapidly during the course of 1961. The Apollo capsule began its inevitable weight growth. Its mass went to 4500 kg, then 5000 kg (and would reach 6000 kg by the time of the actual landings). NASA Langley also decided that only proven storable propellants could be used on the lunar landing and ascent stages. The payload requirement finally nearly doubled - 68 metric tons on trans-lunar injection and 181 metric tons in low earth orbit. The booster concept was increased in size by adding F-1 engines to the first stage and stretching the 10-m diameter stages. In the final concept two Saturn C-5 launches would be needed, and the spacecraft and trans-lunar injections stage would have to assembled or refueled in low earth orbit before proceeding toward the moon. This was known as the earth orbit rendezvous approach (EOR) and involved perfecting maneuvering, docking, and fuel transfer techniques that did not even exist yet.
Back at NASA Langley, the idea arose that the mission could be achieved by using a method known as lunar orbit rendezvous. This had been suggested by the Chance Vought company in 1960. Langley's James Chamberlin proposed in July 1961 a moon-landing mission that would involve a single launch of a Saturn C-3, which would send a crew in a Gemini spacecraft to lunar orbit. Also aboard would be one or two lunar 'bugs' - little open-cockpit lunar landers. One crew member would spacewalk to the bug, strap himself into the seat, and then take it down to the lunar surface. After a brief surface mission, he would fly it back to lunar orbit. The Gemini pilot would rendezvous with the bug, the crewman would spacewalk back to the Gemini, and they would return to earth. This scenario was rejected by NASA Langley as too dangerous, too limited, and a threat to Faget's Apollo capsule project.
But Langley did continue with the lunar orbit rendezvous scenario, but this time using the Apollo capsule together with a closed-cabin lunar excursion module (LM) lander that would take two crew to the surface. It was felt that this would allow two men to land on the moon in a single Saturn C-5 launch. The drawback was that all of the untried techniques of the earth orbit rendezvous method would have to be accomplished in lunar orbit, which seemed even less likely to succeed. NASA fostered a myth later of a lone crusading engineer, John Houboult, coming up with the "miracle concept" idea of LOR and fighting his way to the highest levels of NASA management to get it accepted. In fact it had been around for a long time, and made no sense at all.
If the objective was to land two men on the moon, the same thing could be accomplished in a single Saturn C-5 launch on a direct flight using either a Gemini capsule or two-man Apollo-shaped capsule. LOR introduced development of an entirely new LM spacecraft, and the complexities of lunar orbit rendezvous and docking - all for the sake of retaining the Apollo capsule design. Use of either Gemini or a 2-man Apollo shape would allow the same mission to be accomplished with the same booster, and a lot more simply and probably earlier.
By the end of 1961, all the major Apollo contracts had been issued, but the final configuration of the Saturn rocket and the method of achieving the lunar landing had still not been decided. Going to a new contractor for the Apollo capsule was not acceptable to NASA Administrator Webb or his sponsor, Vice President Johnson. North American had been selected at the presidential level in November 1961, overruling the selection of NASA's evaluation committee of Martin. The political and possibly corrupt factors that resulted in North American's selection were exposed after the Apollo 204 fire killed three astronauts six years later. But for whatever reasons, Webb and NASA Langley refused to abandon the 3-man North American Apollo design. Von Braun's team finally gave in to the inevitable, agreeing to LOR but with the proviso that a second Saturn C-5 send a direct lander 'logistics vehicle' to accompany the LM to the surface. This proviso was quickly forgotten. Jerome Wiesner, Kennedy's science adviser, fought to the bitter end for a 2-man capsule, single-launch, direct flight approach. But finally Webb got Kennedy to tell Wiesner to shut up, and despite detailed preliminary designs by McDonnell that proved that the 2-man direct approach was perfectly feasible, using many Gemini systems and components, the idea was shelved and Apollo went on its course.
Grumman was selected to build the Lunar Module for the LOR approach in November 1962. The LM itself suffered horrendous weight growth as well, the initial 10 metric ton weight budget being exceeded by 50%. Luckily for NASA, von Braun's conservative Saturn design ended up delivering nearly 20% more payload than originally planned, and the growth in the Apollo capsule and LM could be accommodated.
The assassination of Kennedy somehow made the commitment to the moon-landing goal inviolable, and two subsequent presidents saw it through to completion. But the project began receiving cutbacks as early as 1965. The costs of the Vietnam War and the missile race with the Soviet Union were contributing factors. But the major reason was a loss of public interest in manned spaceflight after the Russians fell behind in the space race.
The Soviet Union had not taken the Apollo program seriously, believing it to be rhetoric. It took them three years to react, and they did not start their counterpart N1-L3 manned moon-landing program until the end of 1964. They attempted to beat Apollo with start three years late, with one tenth the budget, without a central management structure, and relying on a Soviet military for crucial support that was hostile to the program. Inevitably they did not succeed. Like Apollo, their L3 spacecraft grew in mass. Unlike Apollo, their N1 booster could not deliver the needed payload, and in any case never flew successfully. The N1-L3 program was cancelled in 1974, and the Soviet Union began a 15-year project to assimilate the management, reliability engineering, and quality assurance techniques that had made Apollo successful.
Apollo was one of the great technical endeavors of the 20th Century. In the United States, it left remarkably little legacy. The spacecraft and launch vehicles developed at such enormous expense were abandoned and replaced by pursuit of a chimera - a fully reusable space shuttle. For the hundreds of thousands of industry and government workers that contributed to the project, it was one of the greatest periods of their lives. The generation that had learned how to get things done quickly in World War II were again called to action in the prime of their lives. Compare the schedule of Apollo - seven months from the decision to go ahead to issuance of all major contracts for the spacecraft, rocket stages, and launch site - to NASA's current performance. There were giants in those days - we shall not see their like again.
The launch vehicle required was a single Saturn C-5, consisting of the S-IC, S-II, and S-IVB stages. To provide a maximum launch window, a low earth parking orbit was recommended. For greater reliability, the two-stage-to-orbit technique was recommended rather than requiring reignition of the S-IVB to escape from parking orbit.
The current concepts of the Apollo command and service modules would not be altered. The lunar excursion vehicle (LEV), under intensive study in 1961, would be aft of the service module and in front of the S-IVB stage. For crew safety, an escape tower would be used during launch. Access to the LEV would be provided while the entire vehicle was on the launch pad.
Both Apollo and Saturn guidance and control systems would be operating during the launch phase. The Saturn guidance and control system in the S-IVB would be "primary" for injection into the earth parking orbit and from earth orbit to escape. Provisions for takeover of the Saturn guidance and control system should be provided in the command module. Ground tracking was necessary during launch and establishment of the parking orbit, MSFC and GSFC would study the altitude and type of low earth orbit.
The LEV would be moved in front of the command module "early" in the translunar trajectory. After the S-IVB was staged off the spacecraft following injection into the translunar trajectory, the service module would be used for midcourse corrections. Current plans were for five such corrections. If possible, a symmetric configuration along the vertical center line of the vehicle would be considered for the LEV. Ingress to the LEV from the command module should be possible during the translunar phase. The LEV would have a pressurized cabin capability during the translunar phase. A "hard dock" mechanism was considered, possibly using the support structure needed for the launch escape tower. The mechanism for relocation of the LEV to the top of the command module required further study. Two possibilities were discussed: mechanical linkage and rotating the command module by use of the attitude control system. The S-IVB could be used to stabilize the LEV during this maneuver.
The service module propulsion would be used to decelerate the spacecraft into a lunar orbit. Selection of the altitude and type of lunar orbit needed more study, although a 100-nautical-mile orbit seemed desirable for abort considerations.
The LEV would have a "point" landing (±½ mile) capability. The landing site, selected before liftoff, would previously have been examined by unmanned instrumented spacecraft. It was agreed that the LEV would have redundant guidance and control capability for each phase of the lunar maneuvers. Two types of LEV guidance and control systems were recommended for further analysis. These were an automatic system employing an inertial platform plus radio aids and a manually controlled system which could be used if the automatic system failed or as a primary system.
The service module would provide the prime propulsion for establishing the entire spacecraft in lunar orbit and for escape from the lunar orbit to earth trajectory. The LEV propulsion system was discussed and the general consensus was that this area would require further study. It was agreed that the propulsion system should have a hover capability near the lunar surface but that this requirement also needed more study.
It was recommended that two men be in the LEV, which would descend to the lunar surface, and that both men should be able to leave the LEV at the same time. It was agreed that the LEV should have a pressurized cabin which would have the capability for one week's operation, even though a normal LOR mission would be 24 hours. The question of lunar stay time was discussed and it was agreed that Langley should continue to analyze the situation. Requirements for sterilization procedures were discussed and referred for further study. The time for lunar landing was not resolved.
In the discussion of rendezvous requirements, it was agreed that two systems be studied, one automatic and one providing for a degree of manual capability. A line of sight between the LEV and the orbiting spacecraft should exist before lunar takeoff. A question about hard-docking or soft-docking technique brought up the possibility of keeping the LEV attached to the spacecraft during the transearth phase. This procedure would provide some command module subsystem redundancy.
Direct link communications from earth to the LEV and from earth to the spacecraft, except when it was in the shadow of the moon, was recommended. Voice communications should be provided from the earth to the lunar surface and the possibility of television coverage would be considered.
A number of problems associated with the proposed mission plan were outlined for NASA Center investigation. Work on most of the problems was already under way and the needed information was expected to be compiled in about one month.
(This meeting, like the one held February 13-15, was part of a continuing effort to select the lunar mission mode).
Associate Administrator for Manned Space Flight George E. Mueller had recommended the changeover from the Saturn I to the Saturn IB to NASA Administrator James E. Webb on October 26. Webb's concurrence came two days later.
|Launch Plans
|Tentative Landing Area
|Apollo 12
|November 1969
|Oceanus Procellarum lunar lowlands
|Apollo 13
|March 1970
|Fra Mauro highlands
|Apollo 14
|July 1970
|Crater Censorinus highlands
|Apollo 15
|November 1970
|Littrow volcanic area
|Apollo 16
|April 1971
|Crater Tycho (Surveyor VII impact area)
|Apollo 17
|September 1971
|Marius Hills volcanic domes
|Apollo 18
|February 1972
|Schroter's Valley, riverlike channel-ways
|Apollo 19
|July 1972
|Hyginus Rille region-Linear Rille, crater area
|Apollo 20
|December 1972
|Crater Copernicus, large crater impact area


text:
June 8, 1927 - March 10, 2008
80, a lifelong Indianapolis resident, passed away March 10, 2008. Mr. Puckett was born June 8, 1927 in Indianapolis to the late Clinton and Gladys Hamilton Puckett. Mr. Puckett graduated from Manual High School in 1946. He worked for Singer Sewing Machine Co. and Monumental Life Insurance Co. before retiring from Lane Bryant in 1993. Mr. Puckett loved fishing, gardening, and spending time with his family. He was a member of the North Park Masonic Lodge No. 646 F. & A. M. He is survived by his loving wife of nearly 60 years, Betty (Bunce) Puckett, whom he married on June 20, 1948. Also surviving are his three daughters, Beth (Phillip) Herald, Diana (Michael) Shepherd, and Becky (John) G'Sell all of Indianapolis; eight grandchildren; and seven great grandchildren. Visitation will be held from 4:00 p.m. until 8:00 p.m. on Thursday, March 13, 2008 at G.H. Herrmann Madison Avenue Funeral Home, 5141 Madison Avenue. Funeral services will be conducted at 11:30 a.m. on Friday, March 14, 2008 at the funeral home. He will be laid to rest at Floral Park Cemetery.


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