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Lauren Graham Movies and Career Information
Mar 16, 1967
Lauren Helen Graham (born March 16, 1967) is an American actress, singer, and producer. She is best known for playing Lorelai Gilmore on the WB Network dramedy series Gilmore Girls and Sarah Braverman on Parenthood. Graham was born in Honolulu, Hawaii, the daughter of Donna Grant, a fashion buyer, and Lawrence Graham, a candy industry lobbyist who was the former president for the chocolate and confection industry association. She is of Irish descent and was raised Catholic. Graham's parents divorced when she was five, and Graham moved to Washington, D.C., where her father became a congressional staffer. She traveled extensively with her father while growing up. While she was close with her dad, she recalls, "I think he thought I was an oddball, because I was very driven and ambitious." At a young age, Graham rode horses competitively, but soon switched to acting. Graham discovered acting while in elementary school and further honed her talent at Langley High School, where she took part in the drill team. Graham quickly took to acting in community theatre and other small productions. She earned her actor's equity card in 1988 after two years in summer stock at the Barn Theatre in
- Lauren Graham Movies 2015
- Max 2015
- Lauren Graham Movies before 2015
- Merry Friggin' Christmas 2014
- Scream 4 2011
- Cloudy With a Chance of Meatballs 2009
- Answer Man 2009
- Flash of Genius 2008
- Birds of America 2008
- Amateurs 2007
- Evan Almighty 2007
- Because I Said So 2007
- Seeing Other People 2004
- Dead and Breakfast 2004
- Bad Santa 2003
- Prison-A-Go-Go 2003
- Sweet November 2001
- Dill Scallion 1999
- One True Thing 1998
- Nightwatch (Nattevagten) 1998
- Confessions of a Sexist Pig 1998
- Arlen Faber
- Life Coach


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And here I just thought Tom Cruise had the corner on saving random people.
Just goes to show those First Aid and CPR courses I took at my last non-sports gig won't go to waste.
You can never tell when someone will bite off more than they can chew.
More FOOTBALL news tomorrow, I promise.

subset: commoncrawl


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"Isn't class size reduction funded by the state?
Since its inception, class size reduction (CSR) has never been fully funded by the state. The number of teachers it takes to meet the requirement of 20 students per teacher has always cost more than the funding received from the state. In Pleasanton, we receive about $4 million to support the program for grades K through 3. The actual cost is $5.6 million. By eliminating CSR for these grades, we would save $1.6 million from the general fund. The unfortunate part is that we would also lose the access to the $4 million from the state. At this writing, in order to realize a savings, we would have to eliminate CSR at an entire grade levelthere is no option to increase class sizes a little (like to 25) and still receive funding. "
Now here is what SavePleasantonSchools writes on their web site about this issue:
"I've heard that the district gets millions of state dollars for the Class Size Reduction (CSR) program. Why is the district cutting it? Is this a scare tactic to get a "YES" vote on Measure G?
It is true that annually, Pleasanton Unified receives $4 million dollars from the state for the CSR program. However, it requires approximately $6 million dollars to adequately fund the CSR program. PUSD provides the remaining $2 million dollars. This $2 million is equally divided amongst K-3 and 9th grade to the tune of $400,000 per grade level. Since the state's cuts to education are so severe, it is necessary to make cuts to all programs beyond the basic required classroom ratio come Fall of 2009."
If you throw out the $400,000 for the 9th grade (everyone is emotional about K-3), you get the same numbers as the PUSD website FAQ, $1.6 MM must be added to the $4 MM from the state. Nowhere is there stated that the $4 MM from the state is not coming into the district because of funding cuts.
SO WHY IN THE WORLD OUT OF A BUDGET OF $120 MM IS PUSD THREATENING TO PULL $1.6 MM (1.3 percent) AWAY FROM CLASS SIZE REDUCTIONS FOR K-3?
The answer: to extort votes for passing a parcel tax. No one in their right mind in business in the private sector would cut contribution to a co-funding arrangement where the co-funder supplies such a high proportion of the funding. (Note the SPS web site answer begins with "it is true".)
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Super Bowl XLVII was exciting, controversial and featured many moments that will live on throughout football history. None of them more bizarre than the 34 minute power outage that delayed the game and (depending on who you ask) gave the … Continue reading
Ed Hochuli RSS
The NFL referee lockout is over
Like the XFL, NHL on FOX's glowing puck and white guys with dreadlocks, the sideshow experiment that was the replacement NFL referees had finally come to an end. I shall permit you five minutes to rejoice. According to this report … Continue reading
Seahawks vs. Packers vs. Replacement Refs vs. Fans: "That Night in Seattle"
If this is your first visit to 4th & Blog, there are a few things you need to know about me before you read this post: My name is j.Bowman. I've loved the NFL since I was 9 years old.… Continue reading
NFL Referee lockout: Get to know the missing officials
It was the subject of my "Monday Morning Kicker" article in week 1. It very well could have been the subject of MMK week 2 as well. The NFL referee lockout continues, and the "Reflacements" are continuing to make brutal … Continue reading


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'The Good Wife,' Season 4, Episode 1, 'I Fought the Law': TV Recap
We're back! And it looks like a terrific season to come, as all kinds of tensions bubble up on the home and work fronts. Nothing is stable as year four begins, with Kalinda confronting her dangerous ex; Alicia wavering toward reconciliation with Peter; Zach facing the ramifications of a false arrest; and Lockhart, Gardner sinking beneath $60 million in debt. Add to that some promising new guest stars— Nathan Lane, Kristin Chenoweth (whose ongoing role was sadly cut short by an on-set accident) and the (very brief) return of Matthew Perry—and it's a super energetic start.
There are some impressive visuals here, too, as the debut veers between the darkness of Kalinda's world and the deceptively bright lights of the Florricks'.
It should also be noted that the show is dedicated to the late Tony Scott who, with his brother Ridley, produced "The Good Wife."
As the hour opens, Kalinda sits where we left her, positioned in an armchair, gun tucked by her side, waiting for a knock on her apartment door. It comes—and in comes Bill, a muscular envoy from her husband: "He misses you. It's not just the money. He wants you back."
When Bill reaches for his gun, she cracks him with hers and they're soon in a tussle, which our girl wins, slamming his hand with her bat. Picking up his ringing phone, she sweetly says, "Hi, Honey. Bill's here. Want to talk to him?" She then tells her husband that the money is hers and she doesn't want any trouble: "I'm staying put and it's over." No, says Bill, "You run again and he'll find you."
A quick segue to Zach driving Uncle Owen's station wagon, which he has apparently purchased; Grace is in the front seat, Alicia asleep in the back as the trio return from checking out Washington University in St. Louis. In contrast to Kalinda's deep purple and black attire, Alicia sports a cheery aqua jacket.
The cheer stops, though, when a Madison County cop pulls them over. Officer Robb wants to check out the car for drugs and has his trained dog by his side. Alicia, now thoroughly awake, thinks they're being profiled. When Zach says call Dad, Alicia balks at using his influence, but two seconds later, she's on the phone with Cary, asking Agos to use his connections to pull the surveillance tape mounted on the cop's dashboard.
Zach is about to get off the hook—Officer Robb says he found marijuana shake under the front seat but will just give him a ticket and a warning—when the cop notices he's being taped. Told to erase the tape, Zach instead emails it—which really pisses off Robb, who cuffs him for recording without consent.
"Shake is what they say when they don't find anything," Cary later tells Alicia. But she's freaking—her kid's facing 4 to 15 years, an arrest is on the record, and he's applying to colleges. The least of her problems is missing an interview with political reporter Peggy Byrne (Chenowoth), though that may cause larger problems in the end. Peter's gubernatorial opponent Mike Kresteva (Perry, who appears only in an ad here) is making family values an issue—even featuring his cancer-stricken son in commercials.
Back at the firm, lawyers are packing up boxes and David Lee, the chief rainmaker, quits and announces he plans to sue. In bankruptcy court, the judge says he sees "management issues" and plans to appoint a trustee. Soon enough, Clarke Hayden (Lane) will show up to survey art work and staff. Working both ends, he tries to convince Will to ditch Diane as a partner, Diane to ditch Will. Neither approach works—they remain resolutely loyal to each other. "Clarke seems to have learned his leadership skills from Mao," says Will.
While all this is getting sorted out, Lockhart, Gardner has to take some pretty creepy clients, including, apparently, Kalinda's ex, Nick (Marc Warren). He tells Alicia and Cary that he owns a tow truck company and wants to bid on a government contract but a "bit of a problem" in his past means he has to do that through a clean partner. Nick has two possibilities and wants the firm to vet them. ("How is that legal?" Cary asks Alicia, admitting he's still half in the SA's office.)
Eli Gold, now Peter's campaign manager, shows up with reporter Byrne and Alicia gives a tight-lipped, monosyllabic interview. When she finally utters a sentence, in response to questions regarding the state of her marriage, it's a doozy: "My husband slept with prostitutes. That made our marriage difficult." Still, they are "mending fences." She likes and respects her husband, flawed though he is. Besides, "I committed to a marriage."
When Byrne asks if this isn't dragging women back to the '50s,
Alicia retorts, "This isn't about women in the '50s. This is about me."
Eli tells her not to shop when she's hungry and not to do interviews when she's pissed: "Stay on message." Pointedly, she asks what the "message" is about her separation. He schedules a meeting with Peter to discuss
But first Alicia has to deal with the Zach crisis. Fortunately, as a web-savvy teen, he has discovered that, by law, you can videotape a cop if there is no audio; he had his cell set to Bluetooth, so there's music playing, not Officer Robb's words. So Alicia goes to court arguing that there is no article 14 violation without audio—only to find the SA charging her son with obstruction of justice. In turn, she charges entrapment…and the judge asks for evidence.
Outside the courtroom, Alicia attacks the Madison County SA: "You want to embarrass my husband by going after my son? You want to hurt Peter, I'll give you his number." He not only doesn't back down, but suggests, "You might tell your husband police love their pensions."
Alicia has asked Kalinda to bring in her K9 trainer friend, who now appears at the office to watch the surveillance tape. "The issue isn't the dog," she concludes, "it's the handler." Officer Robb has egged on his pot-smelling pooch to create "a false positive."
OK, now the show goes back into the semi-weird territory we love. Kalinda briefly flirts with the (female) K9 trainer before spotting her ex going into Alicia's office. She disappears because she knows he wants to see her, then joins him in the elevator and slugs him. The karate moves continue until the elevator stops on the garage floor, where he grabs her by the neck.
Some other stuff happens now, but I'm going to skip it to continue with this plot thread. Kalinda ends up in her apartment (or safe house, or whatever you call a place that has no food, no clothes, just a mattress) in one of her leather corsets, Nick breathing heavily on top of her. "You missed this," he says. "Don't flatter yourself," she answers. "Were you robbed?" he asks, touring the sparse apartment. "I knew you were coming so I put everything in storage," she says. And when she pulls a gun on him, Nick balks, "So you don't love me anymore."
"I want you gone," she says. "I want you gone from Chicago forever."
No, he says, he wants her home: "You knew I was comin' but you stayed."
Yeah, well, whatever's going on here, Peter could handle it, because simultaneously he's going all gangsta on the Madison County SA. After he and Alicia have their little separation "message chat"—conclusion: We're working on it—Mrs. Florrick tells him about Zach's arrest and the "police like their pensions" remark. A few minutes later, Peter's on the phone, telling the SA he'll go after his son, and "here's a handy little cheat sheet for the next time you forget. I'm the SA for a county that actually matters, jackass."
Peter then gives him an ultimatum. He wants three things: "Drop the case. Expunge the arrest. And tell that stupid son of a bitch of a traffic cop to call my son and apologize."
The jackass agrees.
Zach, meanwhile, works the web, turning up three people who were the subject of suspicious searches by Officer Robb. This gives Alicia evidence to argue in court that "this stretch of highway is a forfeiture corridor, a place where the police and the SA make their money from the war on drugs by illegally impounding cars and cash." But the SA still asks for a date for the obstruction of justice case against Zach—then
interrupts Peter's campaign stop: "You sent your wife against me?"
"Get off my bus," says Peter.
"Get off my forfeiture corridor," says the SA. "We are coming after your son. You want to come after my corridor, I'll come after yours. My guess is your haul on I-95 is 10 times what ours is and I'm not the one running for governor."
Speaking of politics, Will pops into Alicia's office to warn her that Peggy Byrne wants to interview him. Though she thinks no one knows of their affair, she decides maybe it's not a good idea for him to talk to her. Will has already figured that out.
Trustee Clarke Hayden chats up David Lee, pointing out that, if he leaves the firm, he'll only be entitled to five cents on the dollar of the three million he is owed. He's a creditor now, not a partner. Big surprise! Lee decides to stay. "Maybe Mao's not so bad if he works for you," notes Will.
Nick reappears at the office, asking for Kalinda to join the meeting. "Good job on that video," Kalinda tells Alicia. "What video?" she asks.
Zach has posted a video mocking Officer Robb, using the surveillance tape. Next thing you know, Robb's on the phone, dropping charges and apologizing.
"500 views. Really?" Robb says to the Madison SA. Zach returns to watching porn
Diane and Will discuss the trustee's ultimatum—they have to cut 30 percent of the staff—and toast the end of his suspension as Alicia approaches with her own bottle of champagne. Discreetly, she leaves it in his office and departs.
"Odd year, huh?" Will says to Diane.
"I think we're heading for an even odder one."
So what do we think of the Kalinda-Nick relationship? Will Alicia return to Peter? Should she? If a third of the firm is getting fired, will Cary (again) go? Alicia? Kalinda? Share your thoughts below.
Susan Toepfer is Entertainment/Features editor of More magazine.


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I've searched for an uncomplicated Police Officer Code of Ethics and found one that is to the point. I'm sharing it with you as it is related to Police Codes.
Law Enforcement Code of Ethics
- As a Law Enforcement Officer, my fundamental duty is to serve mankind; to safeguard lives and property; to protect the innocent against deception, the weak against oppression or intimidation, and the peaceful against violence or disorder; and to respect the Constitutional rights of all men to liberty, equality and justice.
- I will keep my private life unsullied as an example to all; maintain courageous calm in the face of danger, scorn, or ridicule; develop self-restraint; and be constantly mindful of the welfare of others. Honest in thought and deed in both my personal and official life, I will be exemplary in obeying the laws of the land and the regulations of my department. Whatever I see or hear of a confidential nature or that is confided to me in my official capacity will be kept ever secret unless revelation is necessary in the performance of my duty.
- I will never act officiously or permit personal feelings, prejudices, animosities or friendships to influence my decisions. With no compromise for crime and with relentless prosecution of criminals, I will enforce the law courteously and appropriately without fear or favor, malice or ill will, never employing unnecessary force or violence and never accepting gratuities.
- I recognize the badge of my office as a symbol of public faith, and I accept it as a public trust to be held as long as I am true to the ethics of the police service. I will constantly strive to achieve these objectives and ideals, dedicating myself before God to my chosen profession…law enforcement.
These are examples of the Ethics behind those Police Scanner Radios many of us listen to. Understand that if it was easy everybody would have good Ethics. The reality is that it takes hard work and dedication to uphold the words above. This Book Walking with the Devil illustrates the difficult relationships that must be maintained to mix Ethics, Career, Safety and Peace of Mind. I selected it based on on the terrific reviews it has received.


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Can anyone tell me if there is a big difference between the CGP and Crypt Co. Warlock mask? I assume since it's the same mold, they are the same but you never know. I'm not worried about size, I'm not going to wear it, just display it. I am just curious if it's the same quality as CGP and if it there are any big differences?
Thanks so much!


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Welcome to your Tallahassee Tech Guy's Computer Help & Tips
See our
glossary of computer terms
Spyware vs. Viruses:
Spyware is different than a computer virus. Spyware consists of small progams that run on your machine without you knowing about them. They collect data about your computer as well as what sites you visit. Not only do they invade your privacy, they also slow down your machine because it is wasting memory working for the spyware instead of for you. You need protection for both spyware and viruses. We can determine what combination of protection software will fit your needs. Receive free analysis with our PC Protection Package!
Free Programs:
Many free programs that can be downloaded from the internet can be harmful to your computer. Always check before clicking yes to ensure safe surfing!
Screen Resolution:
Many screens come with a default setting that may not take advantage of your screen's size and clarity . Find out how to
change your screen resolution
Screen Capture:
If you ever want to capture what is on your screen, for example if you need to show an error message, simply press the "Prt Scr" button (Windows) which is unsually located to the right of the "F12" key at the top of your keyboard. Nothing will display to say you have successfully completed the screen capture, but that is ok. Open a program such as Word. You can then go to "edit" and choose paste, or hold the "Ctrl" key and hit "V". The image of what was on your screen will appear. You can then save this for future reference.
Internet Cache:
Your computer has a memory of web pages that you have visited so that the next time you visit it loads faster. Although this saves time, every once in a while you will need to do what is called clearing your cache. This allows your computer to have a fresh start and can solve many problems when viewing the internet. Learn how to
clear your cache
while in Microsoft Internet Explorer.
Character Maps:
Ever wonder how to get symbols like ® or © to show? Your computer comes with a character map to select these symbols and more. Simply go to your start menu and look for "character map" which is often in the folder called accessories.
Email Options:
In Microsoft Outlook, you can choose to add a "from" option and "bcc" (blind carbon copy) option. Once you open a new message click on options at the top and check the boxes next to the fields you want to include in your message.
New Computers:
When purchasing a new computer be sure to save all the discs that come with it. These discs are important should you need extensive repairs.
Difference between the address bar and search bar:
In the address bar you type an address you know, such as, www.tallytechguy.com. A search bar allows you to search by words, such as tallahassee tech guy.
Windows Firewall
will only protect you from incoming attacks, but your personal information can still be sent out. Find out more about
privacy protection
Incorrect Auto-complete Passwords:
Have you ever entered the wrong password and your computer keeps remembering it incorrectly? You can
delete wrong passwords
from your computer's memory.
Anti-Virus Software:
Remember, your anti-virus software is only as good as it is up-to-date. Make sure you update your anti-virus software everyday to keep yourself protected from new computer viruses!
Computer Lifespan:
Most computer issues can be repaired. Your computer should last you several years and if you upgrade hardware, can last upwards of 7 years.
Experience The Tech Support You Deserve!
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|1 milliamp (mA)
|Just a faint tingle.
|5 mA
|Slight shock felt. Disturbing, but not painful. Most people can "let go." However, strong involuntary movements can cause injuries.
|6-25 mA (women)
9-30 mA (men)
|Painful shock. Muscular control is lost. This is the range where "freezing currents" start. It may not be possible to "let go."
|50-150 mA
|Extremely painful shock, respiratory arrest (breathing stops), severe muscle contractions. Flexor muscles may cause holding on; extensor muscles may cause intense pushing away. Death is possible.
|Ventricular fibrillation (heart pumping action not rhythmic) occurs. Muscles contract; nerve damage occurs. Death is likely. 3A is the smallest fuse in common usage.
|10 amps (A)
|Cardiac arrest and severe burns occur. Death is probable.
|The typical current at which the fuse blows in an item like a hairdryer or electric drill!
|Electrocution in water:
This provides special problems - the entry point may be over a wide area and at low resistance - there may simply not be any electrical burn lesions. Here the context may be the only clue to electrocution as cause of death.
Severe burns:
These may result from either massive currents or lower currants over a long time. Even the current from an electrically powered vehicle may cause severe burns over the course of hours (see pic right).


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I went into northwest door on 9-17-13 to apply and turn in a resume and ive been calling them and emailing them once or twice a week since then trying to see if they went over my application and resume. then just last night I decided to just go apply other places cause I wasn't hearing back from NWD. then I see this on the news… good thing I went job hunting this morning.


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Permanent URL to this publication: http://dx.doi.org/10.5167/uzh-2772
Capuano, P; Bacic, D; Roos, M; Gisler, S M; Stange, G; Biber, J; Kaissling, B; Weinman, E J; Shenolikar, S; Wagner, C A; Murer, H (2007). Defective coupling of apical PTH receptors to phospholipase C prevents internalization of the Na+-phosphate cotransporter NaPi-IIa in Nherf1-deficient mice. American Journal of Physiology. Cell Physiology, 2(292):927-934.
View at publisher
Phosphate reabsorption in the renal proximal tubule occurs mostly via the type IIa Na(+)-phosphate cotransporter (NaP(i)-IIa) in the brush border membrane (BBM). The activity and localization of NaP(i)-IIa are regulated, among other factors, by parathyroid hormone (PTH). NaP(i)-IIa interacts in vitro via its last three COOH-terminal amino acids with the PDZ protein Na(+)/H(+)-exchanger isoform 3 regulatory factor (NHERF)-1 (NHERF1). Renal phosphate reabsorption in Nherf1-deficient mice is altered, and NaP(i)-IIa expression in the BBM is reduced. In addition, it has been proposed that NHERF1 and NHERF2 are important for the coupling of PTH receptors (PTHRs) to phospholipase C (PLC) and the activation of the protein kinase C pathway. We tested the role of NHERF1 in the regulation of NaP(i)-IIa by PTH in Nherf1-deficient mice. Immunohistochemistry and Western blotting demonstrated that stimulation of apical and basolateral receptors with PTH-(1-34) led to internalization of NaP(i)-IIa in wild-type and Nherf1-deficient mice. Stimulation of only apical receptors with PTH-(3-34) failed to induce internalization in Nherf1-deficient mice. Expression and localization of apical PTHRs were similar in wild-type and Nherf1-deficient mice. Activation of the protein kinase C- and A-dependent pathways with 1,2-dioctanoyl-sn-glycerol or 8-bromo-cAMP induced normal internalization of NaP(i)-IIa in wild-type, as well as Nherf1-deficient, mice. Stimulation of PLC activity due to apical PTHRs was impaired in Nherf1-deficient mice. These data suggest that NHERF1 in the proximal tubule is important for PTH-induced internalization of NaP(i)-IIa and, specifically, couples the apical PTHR to PLC.
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|Journal Article, refereed, original work
|Communities & Collections:
|04 Faculty of Medicine > Center for Integrative Human Physiology
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|Dewey Decimal Classification:
|570 Life sciences; biology
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December 6, 2012 | Volume 42, No. 49
Borough officials are not insensitive to the grief experienced by the Dodov and Liberman families and friends in the loss of Nicolay Dodov and Rob Liberman. Neither are we ignoring the requests for an official response to take action or consider c...
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Plugin management
Expand the plugin manager as in the module manager, to be able to assign the page where to load or not each plugin.
6 comments
tobby commented
I see it more important to find a way to manage plug ins depending on the extension. Let's say there is a general comments plug in you want to use for the content articles but also for one third party extension but not for another extension. How do this? In most plug ins where I had a look the are hardcoded for some extension(s).
Josh commented
This would be a major improvement in my opinion! This would solve a lot of terrible errors of plugin conflicts as well as make assigning stuff easier.
microphil commented
merci pour ce plugin, facile à mettre en service
erge commented
Un grand merci pour ce plugin, mais quand je veux intégrer un module ou une image au menu ça donne rien... Peut être un bug ou une incompatibilité de version
Nicholas K. Dionysopoulos commented
This defeats the purpose of having system plugins and can have immense and unthought consequences to the workings of hundreds of extensions. Too bad UserVoice doesn't allow for negative voting because this feature, if implemented would make Joomla! unusable and cause developers to start, once again, hacking core files instead of delivering functionality with system plugins. That would be a huge step backwards by a whooping 10 years.
FYI, what you're suggesting is better implemented by having a centralized management of Javascript libraries or by implementing extension package dependency tracking.
ced1870 commented
To explain how it can be used, imagine that you have a lot of plugins that you want to use only on specific pages, some of them only once. Then all the plugins are not compatible and generate conflict on the page (for example with multiple javascript library like mootools - jquery).
With this system you can manage your plugin to avoid conflicts.


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Larimer County Sheriff in 2010
Submitted by David on
It looks like the Ft. Colins cycling community is getting organized to defeat Sheriff Alderden in 2010. The follow information went out in an email:
We are building momentum to defeat the current Sheriff in the 2010 election as he is a bit of a creep. Here is the first of many blows. Please forward this out.
From Ford Isbey (rebel rouser)
He sent the following (below) letter to Bicycle Colorado
You guys should each have addresses of more cyclists or folks who support cycling....which I will not have in this distribution. Please forward the Bicycle Colorado alerts and any other information you like to rally AS MANY PEOPLE as possible. If contacting each of our State Senators is the next move....a deluge of emails will speak loudly. EVERYONE needs to step up and put some effort into this and be a huge counter-punch to the Sheriff and others opposing our enjoyment of a sport we're passionate about. If any of your contacts are interested in receiving these updates please forward their addresses and they'll be added.
Here is the letter that was sent to Bicycle Colorado:
Dear BC,
What is the next step for a call to action to the Fort Collins cycling
community and Larimer County cycling residents.... since thankfully the
Senate did not concur with the House Amendments.
It's incredulous...since bicycles have to obey the same laws as motorists that with the current language, basically cyclists could not pass one another on state roads. Begs the question what are Dan Grunig, Governor Ritter and other cyclists going to do when we/they approach a significantly slower rider....on some 10 mile stretch of road ?....park yourself behind their wheel and suffer the consequences...it's an easy point to comprehend that the amendment is utter nonsense. It's obvious it's inclusion is politically motivated.
Sheriff Alderden and the truckers association have been very active in
trying to "diminish, impair or kill cycling" in Larimer County. In
my opinion....he'd like to seriously curtail the number of cyclists on the roads....perhaps even drive them off the roads completely. I have written at length to representatives in and outside my district...with industry statistics...supported by my 5 years of industry experience and involvement.
I'd appreciate an update ASAP. We have a ground roots voter database underway...well in advance of the 2010 Sheriff's election...if there is a candidate to run against Alderden we will do everything we can financially and technologically to defeat him and have him voted out of office.
Ford Isbey
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defeat the sheriff!
Submitted by Anonymous (not verified) on
I fully support the effort to defeat sheriff Alderden in the 2010 election. Not so ironically, I am a Boulder county resident. While I believe that the sheriff's aggressive and very public language against cyclists is unprofessional and grounds for change, I encourage all who oppose Sheriff Alderden to present the many other reasons that he should not remain sheriff. A well rounded argument will encourage both cyclists and non-cyclists to vote him out. (Based on what I've read about the man, cyclists aren't the only group of people that may be frustrated with his actions/attitude) I wish the Fort Collins Cycling Community, and the citizens of Larimer County the best of luck in electing a sheriff who appreciates the need for professionalism and a non-inflammatory approach to law enforcement.
Points: 62


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Saurday is the start of khans journey to p4p greatness, its DESTINY!
Laugh all you want, it may sound ridiculous right now. Who ever thought manny would be at the top of the list when he was eating canvas against taiwanese ladyboys? What im trying to say is khan is currently going through that phase wher pac was all those years ago, give it a 2 years and your gonna see threads along the lines of "khan vs srl prime for prime?" with an overwhelming majority picking khan. #destiny #missionincomplete
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Khan will get knocked out many more times in his career.
Like Zab Judah he has no chin.
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Does anyone know what happened to Wazaa?
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Zab judah is a joke who got robed by street thugs multiple times in his prime, not to mention going down 3 times with one shot. When zab got stuck up in brooklyn he handed over his lambo keys and ran, when khan got stuck up by a group of thugs in birmingham he knocked out all 6 of them and then drove off into the night clint eastwood style. This shows cant dont back down like punk ass zab. Dont ever compare them.
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Also i find it hilarious how everyone is riding marquez nuts all of a sudden. Lets not forget marquez turned down a khan fight at least 6 times. Blatantly stating he wouldnt like to be a stepping stone for khan.
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Khan will end up having a Zab Judah style career. He'll get many second chances due to the hype surrounding him but ultimately fall short at the higher level.
This is boxing, the most competitive sport in the world. Not everyone can become a HOFer or ATG
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Khan is bound to be nothing more than a decent champ/title-holder in a weak era.
His skills are just so flawed and he is not a smart fighter.
I would always laugh when people hailed him as a future great. Especially after the Maidana fight.
He is perhaps the prime example of people overrating speed (or confusing it with skill) and not looking at the many other aspects of boxing.
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KHan couldn't be a SRL sparring let alone be in the same ring with him.
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Pacquiao lost early in his career before he realised he had something special.
Khan was ktfo by Prescott in a minute. You can say that was an early loss, much like Haye's loss to Thompson, which is fine.
He lost to Peterson. If you saw it as a win sure, but it was a pathetic showing for someone who wanted a Mayweather shot lol.
His loss to Garcia, well that just cemented it. Garcia isn't even regarded as a skilled champion. TKO4
Sorry but the guy is exactly like Jab. As soon as he faces decent opposition, he doesn't win. And him as a person, hes a cheating (his personal life) whining goon. The only fans he really has are his religious circle, and thats about it.
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Haiti Disaster Experts From the University of Houston
January 14, 2010- As international efforts to rescue and repair Haiti are under way, University of Houston professors are available to shed light on Haitian history, earthquakes and engineering. Research interests and contact information are available below.
If you are unable to reach a professor, call Mike Emery at (713) 743-8186 or Marisa Ramirez at (713) 743-8152.
Using advanced radar-like laser technology, Shuhab Khan, professor of geology, works to identify and map faults that may or may not produce earthquakes. Reach him at email@example.com or (713) 743-3411.
Thomas Hsu, founding director of the Thomas Hsu Structural Research Laboratory on the UH campus, tests the behavior of whole structures when threatened by real-life destructive forces such as earthquakes. Hsu is available at firstname.lastname@example.com or (713) 743-4268.
UH economist Tom DeGregori deals extensively with our capability for anticipating and countering famine, disease, and other natural disasters like the Haiti earthquake. Reach him at email@example.com or (713) 743-3838.
Patrick Bordnick, an associate professor at the UH Graduate College of Social Work, runs a lab equipped with a virtual worlds simulator used to treat victims of natural disasters suffering from post-traumatic stress disorder. Reach him at firstname.lastname@example.com or (713) 743-2086.
Engineering professor Yi-Lung Mo develops methods of determining the seismic load of structures, as well as systems and materials to be used to build or retrofit bridges and buildings to make them earthquake resistant. Reach him at firstname.lastname@example.com or (713) 743-4274.
UH associate professor of World Cultures and Literatures Marie-Theresa Hernandez has extensively studied the history of Haiti, particularly French history. Reach Hernández at firstname.lastname@example.com or (713) 743-3074.
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For more information about UH visit the university's Newsroom at www.uh.edu/admin/media/newsroom .


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Is there a way to display a progress bar in mplayer (running without a gui)?
(I'm launching the mplayer command from the terminal like
$ mplayer video.avi .)
Or is there simply any kind of percentage information like total video length, relation to already played chunk, or something like this?


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T.C. Boyle
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T. C. Boyle is an American novelist and short story writer. Since the mid-1970s, he has published twenty-four books. He has won the PEN/Faulkner Award twice, and the Prix Médicis étranger (France), as well as the PEN/Malamud Award for Excellence in the Short Story and the Henry David Thoreau Prize for nature writing. He is a Distinguished Professor of English at the University of Southern California.


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For more cartoons go to Joe Mohr's Website.
Why We Can't Ignore BPA Anymore.
Incorrect source, offensive, or found a typo? Email us (please put title in subject bar of email so we'll be able to fix). Or do you want to write for Elephant?
{Waylon H. Lewis Enterprises 2016: Use Rights in perpetuity. Ownership remains with author.}


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Employment Articles in Fort Collins, Colorado
Five Objectives For Summer Employment
by Bob Roth - Jul, 2013
Five Objectives For Summer Employment Most college students seek employment opportunities during the summer. They do this for two primary reasons: To earn money for college To gain experience in their field of study Because college is extremely expensive, finding work during the summer is a priority for students today. Paying as much as possible "as you go" is always preferable to coming out of college with...
Stalled Job Search? Try A New Industry
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If you have been running into steady roadblocks or the opportunities in your field seem to be disappearing right before your eyes. It may be time to try something different – like a new field or a new industry. Are you overwhelmed at starting over your career or being the newbie all over again? Well, here are three tips to consider when making your move: 1. Do your research This is not new advice to you – you s...
7 Ways To Pump Up Your Resume
by Kristin Johnson - Jul, 2013
Hiring managers sometimes have to read over hundreds of resumes each day. They all start looking the same, as you can imagine. What does it take to write a strong, compelling resume that will catch their attention? That's the prize-winning question! Because hiring managers, recruiters, or HR assistants are individuals, they have different things they find appealing. What works for one, might not work for the next. But, the...
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Don't you love when someone just "gets" that you're the perfect person for the job? They see your value and what you bring to the table immediately, but then there are others you'll never convince. How do you communicate the ROI the employer will receive for hiring you as opposed to another to those who may not readily see it but are open to it? This question came to me as I was working with some prospective clients over t...
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A question I am often asked in my duties as LinkedIn's Ambassador is, "Should my LinkedIn profile read the same as my resume?" The answer is both yes and no. Here's a breakdown: LinkedIn Profiles and Resumes: The Similarities 1.) Sections. As Martin Yate explains in his post on this subject, you can get a quick start to your LinkedIn profile if you copy and paste some information from your already existing resume in...
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LinkedIn is the premiere online business networking site. As such, it is tempting to see your profile there as your online resume. There are a few key reasons why that thinking is off target and will prevent you from getting the most out of LinkedIn. Your resume and LinkedIn profile both speak about you, but they do so in different ways: Resumes are limited in length; there is no such constraint on LinkedIn. General...
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No matter where you are in your career or job search, these statistics are worth your attention. Jobs cut in March 2013 were 30% higher than a year earlier according to Challenger, Gray & Christmas, a job placement company. The length of periods of unemployment between jobs is also on the rise. So, what industries are looking for and hiring employees? Health Care Given the aging baby boomers, health care leads the...
3 Phrases That Kill The Effectiveness Of An Executive Resume
by Laura Smith-Proulx - Jul, 2013
Want your resume to distinguish your leadership brand among competing candidates for C-suite or VP positions? Then ditch the boring language you've seen on many other executive resume summaries. Just because other resumes (both professional and self-written) employ a blend of monotonous, overused words doesn't mean you have to follow suit. Shake things up and ensure the effectiveness of your leadership brand message by ref...
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Former President Bill Clinton is reportedly scheduled to headline a fundraiser Wednesday night in New York City for former Arizona Congresswoman Gabrielle Giffords' gun control organization, Americans for Responsible Solutions, according to Politico, just as the City of Indianapolis rolls out the welcome mat for the National Rifle Association's 143rd annual convention.
While the NRA event will kick off Friday in the Indiana Convention Center, the Giffords gig will reportedly be held at the home of a New York real estate "mogul." Politico reported that Giffords' "super PAC," that she founded with husband Mark Kelly, had "several quarters of strong fundraising."
But the Giffords event will pale in comparison to the NRA gathering, which should draw tens of thousands of gun owners from all over the Midwest, and beyond. There are fun events including a concert featuring Alabama and Sara Evans, plus appearances by Sarah Palin and many other luminaries.
NRA conventions have become too big for some facilities. Currently there does not appear to be a convention center large enough in the Pacific Northwest to handle the annual meetings and exhibits, which will cover more than 400,000 square feet and feature more than 600 exhibitors. The last time the NRA met in Washington was in 1997, when the late Charlton Heston arrived in Seattle to run for a 76th seat on the NRA Board of Directors, and subsequently be elected to the position of second vice president.
Heston rose through the chairs to become the longest-serving president in NRA history, with a term spanning five years. He is gone, now, but images of him with a shotgun or a flintlock rifle are still common at the convention, no matter where it is held.
Among the highlights in Indiana are the NRA Foundation banquet and auction, a Leadership Forum and Firearms Law Seminar, a Friday night auction and dinner benefitting NRA's Institute for Legislative Action and the annual members' meeting on Saturday. There will also be the popular NRA Store, an airgun range, exhibits of firearms and shooting and hunting accessories, and lots more.
While the Giffords event is aimed at raising money to push lobbying efforts to push laws and programs gun owners dislike, the NRA convention has provided opportunities for gun rights activists to come together, share camaraderie and engage in networking. A Clinton appearance at the Giffords event could motivate people to open their wallets. On the other hand, a speech by Palin could fire up an army of grassroots activists who will go home with a newly-honed sense of political activism.
All of this is unfolding in the wake of a major controversy over billionaire Michael Bloomberg's launch of a $50 million "grassroots" gun control effort that resulted in an embarrassing battle over pro-gun Facebook pages created under the "Everytown for Gun Safety" name adopted by the Bloomberg group. That controversy continues today as a mystery is surrounding new Facebook pages has emerged, according to The Blaze.
Gun rights activists across the country have launched clones of the original pro-gun "Everytown" Facebook page. At last count there were more than 100 of them, in all states and in some local communities.


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The Detroit Red Wings suffered their third loss in a row and their eighth in the last eleven games Wednesday night, a 4-0 shutout by the Anaheim Ducks.
After a scoreless first period, the Ducks opened the game's scoring at 8:52 of the second. Teemu Selanne tipped a Cam Fowler shot past Detroit goalie Joey MacDonald from inside the crease for his 1400th career point, giving Anaheim a 1-0 lead.
Kyle Palmieri made it 2-0 with 4:11 left in the period, stealing the puck from defenseman Brendan Smith down low and beating MacDonald on a backhand chance from in close all alone.
Bobby Ryan banged home the rebound of a Ryan Getzlaf chance 3:06 later to put the Ducks up 3-0 entering the second intermission.
Palmieri would add another goal at 1:22 of the third to round out the scoring.
MacDonald stopped 20 of the 24 shots he faced on the night, while Anaheim netminder Jonas Hiller made 23 saves in the shutout effort.
Neither team scored a power play goal. Detroit had three chances with the extra attacker while the Ducks had two.
The Red Wings continue their West Coast road trip on Saturday when they visit the San Jose Sharks.
Notes: Detroit forward Todd Bertuzzi returned from injury, replacing Gustav Nyquist in the lineup. Nyquist will be returned to the Grand Rapids Griffins with Bertuzzi healthy.
No comments on the Wings - Kings tilt last night as I skipped it, instead we're heading right on to the Wings and Ducks tonight.
Detroit gets Todd Bertuzzi back in the lineup. Gustav Nyquist will be a healthy scratch and will be sent back to the Grand Rapids Griffins after the game is over. I imagine the delay is just in case something happens in warmups (in which case he would dress tonight) or during the game (in which case he could be needed in San Jose).
Joey MacDonald gets the start for the Wings.
Game time is 10:00 PM with TV on FSD.
Todd Bertuzzi
Credit: Clark Rasmussen
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Feb. 7, 2004
Complete Results| Photo Gallery
LINCOLN, Neb. -- Matt Mason, a junior who came to Washington State University at the start of spring semester, won the long jump and reached an NCAA Provisional Qualifying mark in the hurdles to lead the Cougars at the Frank Sevigne Husker Invite, held at the Bob Devaney Center Saturday.
Mason, a junior from Marietta, Ga., won the men's long jump with a leap of 24-feet, 8 1/2 inches (7.53m), less than an inch away from NCAA qualifying, and ran an NCAA PQ time of 7.80 seconds in the 60m hurdles semifinals. A transfer from Long Beach City College who also spent a year at Florida State, Mason did not run in the hurdles finals because Cougar hurdles coach Mark Macdonald had scratched him prior to the meet because of his limited training at WSU. Shannon Armstrong from Wichita State won the 60m hurdles finals with the same time as Mason's semi race, 7.80.
"Matt looked great and with a better start he should get back to the NCAA Championships," Macdonald said.
Twenty-one teams from around the nation sent competitors to the Lincoln meet.
Other WSU top finishers included Danny Wolf, a sophomore from Reno, Nev., placed third in the men's mile with a PR time of 4:06.00 after showing his famous kick in the final two laps. Paul Nicoletti (junior, Snohomish, Wash.) was second in the pole vault with a PR clearance at 16-10 3/4 (5.15m). Patrick Harrigan (redshirt sophomore, Reno, Nev.) was fifth in the high jump after a lifetime-best leap of 6-10 1/4 (2.09m) after having his competition limited due to a sore ankle. In the triple jump, Ben Hampton (sophomore, Kennewick, Wash.) was seventh with a mark of 47-4 1/2 (14.44m) and Jamil Smith (junior, Palmdale, Calif.) finished ninth at 46-5 1/2 (14.16m). Freshman Barry Leavitt (Benton City, Wash.) was ninth in the 600m run with a time of 1:14.40. Alex Jones (junior, Clovis, Calif.) finished seventh in the long jump with an effort of 22-7 3/4 (6.90m) and Martin Boston (sophomore, Hayward, Calif.) was 10th at 21-11 3/4 (6.70m).
The Cougar men's 4x400m relay team of Dione Cason (redshirt sophomore, Long Beach, Calif.), Lamarr Kirk (redshirt junior, Los Angeles), John Cassleman (freshman, Pullman, Wash.), and Qieed Ishmael (senior, Richmond, Va.) finished sixth with a time of 3:15.35.
Blessing Ufodiama (senior, Long Beach, Calif.) had the top Cougar outcome of the day with a second place finish in the women's triple jump with a lifetime best and NCAA PQ mark of 42-3 1/2 (12.89m).
In the women's 60m hurdles, Diana Pickler (sophomore, Sachse, Texas) finished third in 8.61 after running 8.52 in the semifinals, and Tamara Gulley (senior, San Jose, Calif.) was seventh in the finals with a time of 8.86 after clocking in the semis at 8.67.
Nicole Hatcher (sophomore, Kennewick) placed fourth in the 60m dash in a time of 7.66 but ran a 7.62 in the prelims, the third-fastest time out of the prelims. Hatcher also tied for ninth in the 200m dash with a time of 25.12.
"Nicole had a very good time in this race, with a great run in the prelims, just off her lifetime best of 24.91," Macdonald said. "With the great talent that was in this race, it was a very impressive showing by sophomore."
The WSU women's 4x400m relay team of Brandi Probasco-Canda (freshman, Portland, Ore.), Angelita Green (senior, Long Beach, Calif.), Pickler, and Monique Jessie (senior, Compton, Calif.) finished seventh with a time of 3:48.39.
Cougar coach and former heptathlon and sprinter All-American, Ellannee Richardson, won the 400m dash in a time of 53.22. Running unattached, Richardson qualified for the U.S. Indoor Championships in Boston Feb. 28-29, with a chance to compete in the World Indoor Championships. The qualifying time was 54.40 or faster and Richardson had no trouble reaching a qualifying time.
Competing at the McDonald's Collegiate Meet at Moscow, Idaho, senior Ian Johnson (Spokane, Wash.) won the men's mile run with a time of 4:20.93. Other Cougars winning at this meet included Matt Alverson (senior, Everett, Wash.) in the high jump with a height of 6-6 3/4 (2.00m), and Peter Rizzardi (senior, Seattle) a double winner in the long jump (22-3 3/4, 6.80m) and the triple jump (14.26m).
The Cougars men's and women's team travel to the UW Pac-10 Invitational Meet at Seattle next weekend, Feb. 13-14.


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If your thin or narrow stools have you fearing colon cancer, there are other causes of narrow thin stools besides cancer of the colon. I consulted with Whitney Jones, MD, Clinical Professor of Medicine, University of Louisville, and Founder, Colon Cancer Prevention Project.
When stools start coming out in a narrow, thin or long way, this can be alarming, since we've heard that this can be a symptom of colon cancer. But Dr. Jones says that a number of factors can determine bowel movement caliber (shape, texture, color, etc.).
Dr. Jones explains, "Stool content (e.g., solids vs. liquids), the amount of time stool spends in the gastrointestinal tract (i.e., transit/motility), and the function of the anal sphincter are all known to be involved in this process. Alterations in stool consistency and a resultant 'change in bowel habits' are known symptoms of a number of disease processes such as inflammatory bowel disease, cancer, and irritable bowel syndrome."
And the possible causes of narrow or thin stools doesn't stop there. Have you increased your fiber intake lately? This can cause BMs to come out thinner than usual. Have you been eating Olestra or anything with sorbitol?
Dr. Jones says, "Ultimately, any process that affects stool consistency (e.g. dietary changes,), bowel transit or motility (e.g. chronic constipation, medicines, inflammatory conditions involving the GI tract), and/or anal sphincter function (e.g., rectal cancers, trauma, and surgeries) could result in long narrow stools."
Your BMs may even be on the narrow side on a normal basis, and you've only noticed recently because perhaps you read an article on colon cancer. Dr. Jones stresses that what's particularly important is whether or not narrow, thin stools are outside the norm for your typical BM appearance. Don't delay discussing any change in bowel habits with a gastroenterologist.
Though narrow, thin stools can result from colon cancer, this does not mean that if you have skinny BMs, you probably have colon cancer. It is actually most likely from a condition other than colon cancer. This includes diverticulitis.
In fact, it might even be from microscopic colitis, which I've had. One day a very long BM came out and it was on the narrow side, more narrow than usual, but not what I'd consider as thin as or like a pencil. What made the stool appear more narrow than usual, however, was perhaps its very long length. I imagined it being segmented, and realized that if broken into thirds or fourths, it wouldn't seem as "narrow." It just so happened that this particular BM didn't break up upon hitting the water.
Dr. Jones explains, "Regarding the caliber of stool and its correlation with the presence of left sided colon cancer, the data currently available does not necessarily indicate that narrow stools should alert patients or physicians of a possible malignant process. The notion that left sided colon cancer or rectal cancer often presents with narrow stools is based upon the anecdotal opinion of expert physicians of the late 19th/early 20th century."
Dr. Jones adds: "There are no prospective studies and only a few retrospective studies in the literature that indicate that long narrow stools are correlated with cancer. This conception has been propagated throughout the medical literature mostly based on tradition."
Most early colon cancer presents with no symptoms, and hence, the extreme importance of getting screened for this killer with a colonoscopy, beginning at age 50 for people at average risk (due to age) for the disease, and then done every 10 years, unless otherwise indicated by the physician.
Anal cancer, which is rare, can also cause "narrowing of the stools," according to the American Society of Colon and Rectal Surgeons.
Anal cancer, which is rare, can also cause "narrowing of the stools," according to the American Society of Colon and Rectal Surgeons.
Dig Dis Sci (2009) 54:208-211
Dig Dis Sci (2009) 54:208-211


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Caras, Steve*; Boyd, David*; Zipfel, Lisa*; Sander-Struckmeier, Suntje†
*Abbott Products Inc, Marietta, GA
†Abbott Products GmbH, Hannover, Germany.
Address correspondence and reprint requests to Suntje Sander-Struckmeier, Abbott Products GmbH, Hans-Böckler-Allee 20, 30173 Hannover, Germany (e-mail: firstname.lastname@example.com).
Received 4 November, 2010
Accepted 7 June, 2011
This work was funded by Abbott Products Inc, Marietta, GA.
ClinicalTrials.gov number: NCT00690820.
S.C., D.B., and L.Z. were employees of Abbott, Marietta, GA, at the time of this analysis and writing of the manuscript. S.S.S. is an employee of Abbott, Hannover, Germany.
Objective: The standard measure of pancreatic enzyme replacement therapy (PERT) efficacy in treating exocrine pancreatic insufficiency (EPI) is the coefficient of fat absorption (CFA). CFA measurement involves 72-hour stool collection, which presents a logistical challenge because, although the test may be performed on an outpatient basis in clinical practice, hospitalization is needed if assurance of complete collection and 100% compliance is required, for example, in controlled situations such as clinical trials. Our aim was to investigate sparse stool sample collection as an alternative to complete 72-hour collection for measurement of stool fat in subjects with EPI.
Subjects and Methods: Prospective data analysis from a previously published, double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled, 2-period crossover trial in subjects ages 7 to 11 years with EPI caused by cystic fibrosis. Percentage fat (PF) data from sparse stool samples were compared with 72-hour CFA values as a dichotomous variable (<80%, ≥80%), with evaluation of sensitivity, specificity, and positive predictive value. Area under the curve values were obtained from receiver operating characteristic plots of sensitivity versus 1–specificity.
Results: Twelve subjects provided samples for this analysis. Multiple-sample PF values ≤30% were greatly predictive for CFA values ≥80%, as shown by positive predictive value, sensitivity, and specificity values ≥0.89, with high accuracy (AUCs ≥0.93).
Conclusions: Sparse stool sampling for PF analysis appears to be a valid, practical alternative to 72-hour CFA determination and has potential as a screening tool in clinical practice to identify both suboptimal dosing in subjects with EPI receiving PERT and substantial fat malabsorption in subjects not receiving PERT.
Exocrine pancreatic insufficiency (EPI) is a lack of pancreatic digestive enzymes, which causes maldigestion that in turn leads to malabsorption, and is often associated with diseases such as cystic fibrosis (CF) and chronic pancreatitis (1). Left untreated, EPI causes steatorrhea, abdominal distension and discomfort, and malnutrition (1,2). Pancreatic enzyme replacement therapy (PERT) has been in clinical use for many years and is essential for the treatment of EPI. The aim of PERT is to achieve normal digestion, thus reducing malabsorption and maintaining adequate nutrition (1).
The efficacy and safety of PERT for the treatment of EPI in adult and pediatric subjects has been shown in randomized placebo-controlled trials (3–8) and in open-label studies (8–11). The key measure of PERT efficacy in all but 1 (10) of these studies was the coefficient of fat absorption (CFA) (12), which is considered the criterion standard for the diagnosis of fat maldigestion (13) and an indirect test of pancreatic function (14). The CFA is calculated from fat intake and stool fat output data collected during a 72-hour period. The 72-hour CFA test is expensive (15), not well tolerated by subjects or laboratory personnel (14), and presents a logistical challenge in clinical studies because hospitalization is required to ensure complete stool collection and a complete record of dietary fat intake (13). In addition, subjects with EPI often experience diarrhea, making accurate and complete stool collection difficult, particularly in young children (13). Although the CFA is a useful tool if carried out correctly, these drawbacks make the CFA a challenging test with high potential for errors and impractical in the clinical setting. Despite these difficulties, it should be noted that the CFA test is routinely performed on an outpatient basis in clinical practice outside the clinical trial setting.
There is considerable interest in developing easier to perform, accurate tests of fat malabsorption and pancreatic function for use in routine clinical practice and clinical trials. Fat malabsorption is frequently measured by assessing stool fat content, which is often determined using the method of Van de Kamer (15–17). Alternative methods of measuring fat malabsorption based on the fat content of stool samples include the steatocrit (15,18,19) and acid steatocrit (15,20–23) fecal fat estimation methods and microscopic examination of stool for fat globules (24,25). Tests that measure other parameters as a marker for EPI include the 14C-triolein (26) and the 13C-mixed triglyceride (27) breath tests, determination of pancreas-specific enzymes (eg, fecal elastase-1) (28), and measurement of serum enzymes (eg, immunoreactive trypsinogen) (14). The use of nonabsorbable lipid markers such as dysprosium chloride (29) and fecal lauric/behenic acid (13) has also been investigated. It should be noted that not all of the aforementioned methods require stool samples for analysis. Data from some of these studies were encouraging for the use of these tests as diagnostic markers for detecting the presence/absence of EPI.
In addition to developing novel techniques for establishing the extent of EPI, there is a need to investigate new stool sampling methods as an alternative to the 72-hour stool collection required to calculate the CFA (12), which is impractical in routine clinical practice. We aimed to investigate the suitability and clinical utility of collecting sparse stool samples for fat determination as an alternative to complete 72-hour collection and measurement of CFA in subjects with EPI caused by CF. To investigate this premise, data were analyzed from a double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled, 2-period crossover trial of enteric-coated pancrelipase (pancreatin) delayed-release 12,000-lipase unit capsules (CREON; Abbott, Marietta, GA) in subjects ages 7 to 11 years with EPI caused by CF (6) performed at 10 centers across the United States between June 13, 2008 and December 1, 2008. Stool samples collected were analyzed for fat as a percentage of dry weight (percentage fat [PF]) using 4 different sampling methods and were then compared with 72-hour CFA data also collected.
Approval of the study was given by the institutional review board/independent ethics committee at each site. The study design for the clinical trial is shown in Figure 1. Briefly, subjects were randomized to 1 of 2 treatment sequences for a period of 5 days: pancrelipase then placebo, or placebo then pancrelipase, with a washout interval of 3 to 14 days between their usual PERT.
Subjects ages 7 to 11 years who had a confirmed diagnosis of CF and EPI were enrolled in the study. Full inclusion/exclusion criteria were described elsewhere (6). Although the primary endpoint was CFA, informed consent was also given to permit the measurement of PF in individual bowel movements for the analysis reported here.
The subjects received 12,000-lipase unit pancrelipase delayed-release capsules. The correct number of capsules to be consumed was calculated to provide a target dose of 4000 lipase units/gram of dietary fat intake according to the upper limit of the recommendation of CF consensus statements (30–32). Each subject received an individualized, prospectively designed diet to maintain normal nutrition, containing at least 40% of energy derived from fat.
Subjects were administered 2 doses of blue food dye (250 mg of FD and C Blue #2 indigo carmine) 72 hours apart to mark the beginning and end of the stool collections, which were performed during both crossover periods. Stool collection began after passage of the first blue-stained bowel movement and ended with passage of the second marker. Bowel movements were collected individually to facilitate determination of the PF in each sample.
For the calculation of CFA, 50% of each homogenized bowel movement collected in a treatment period was combined for each subject to allow determination of total stool fat excretion by the titrimetric method of Van de Kamer (16). For each treatment period, the CFA was calculated from the known fat intake and the fat excreted in the combined stool samples collected, according to the following equation:
Total daily fat intake was determined from each subject's dietary intake, which was recorded in dietary diaries in the stool collection periods.
Individual stool samples were analyzed for fat content by removing a 5-g aliquot from the remaining 50% of each homogenized bowel movement. Therefore, PF sampling did not affect the CFA determination. In these samples, stool fat was determined by nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) methods and the PF was calculated based on the dry weight of each bowel movement (33).
PF values for each subject were derived using 4 different sparse-sample methods (3 multiple-sample methods and 1 single-sample method): mean PF from the first bowel movement on each day; mean PF from the last bowel movement on each day; mean PF from 3 randomly selected bowel movements, each on a different day; and PF from a single random sample selected irrespective of day (Fig. 2).
The strategy for the data analysis reported here is summarized in Figure 2. The PF values were compared with CFA as a dichotomous variable using a CFA cutoff value of 80% because a CFA value <80% is generally considered to indicate the presence of substantial fat malabsorption (34). In addition, analyses were performed to evaluate the correlation between PF and CFA as a continuous variable based on 3 groups of samples: pancrelipase, placebo, and both combined.
The comparison of PF with CFA as a dichotomous variable (CFA <80% vs CFA ≥80%) included evaluation of sensitivity, specificity, and positive predictive value (PPV). Area under the curve (AUC) values (1 = 100% accuracy) were obtained from receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves of sensitivity versus 1–specificity. The area under an ROC curve measures the ability of the test to differentiate between subjects with a specific condition and subjects without that condition. The closer the area is to 1.0, the better the test in identifying specificity (true positives) and sensitivity (true negatives) (35–37).
Separate Pearson and Spearman correlation analyses were performed to evaluate the association between PF and CFA as a continuous variable in the pancrelipase, placebo, and combined groups. Scatterplots were generated to determine whether a linear relation between PF and CFA existed.
The sample size for this exploratory analysis was based on the number of subjects enrolled in the clinical study who had sparse stool measurements. No sample size calculations were done for this specific analysis.
A total of 17 subjects were randomized in the clinical study (8 received placebo then pancrelipase, 9 received pancrelipase then placebo) (6). One subject (pancrelipase then placebo sequence) withdrew consent in the first treatment period; 16 subjects completed the study. The median age (range) was 8.0 (7–11) years, 12 (70.6%) were boys, and the mean daily lipase dose was 4472 U/g fat consumed (6).
Twelve subjects from 8 of the 10 centers provided samples for this analysis (10 in both treatment periods and 2 in only 1 period); the median age was 9.0 years, all subjects were of white race, and 9 (75.0%) were boys.
The PPVs, sensitivity, and specificity for the comparison of PF values obtained using each of the 4 sparse stool sampling methods with the CFA as a dichotomous variable are shown in Table 1. For the 3 multiple-sample methods, PF values ≤30% were greatly predictive for CFA values ≥80%, as shown by PPV, sensitivity, and specificity values ≥0.89. ROC curves of sensitivity versus 1–specificity showed high accuracy (AUCs ≥0.93) for the multiple-sample methods (Fig. 3A–C). PPV and sensitivity values of 0.88 and 0.78, respectively, were lower at the 30% PF threshold for the single-sample method (Table 1) compared with the multiple-sample methods; an AUC of 0.91 in the ROC plot indicated slightly lower accuracy (Fig. 3D).
Correlations of PF measurements derived from the 4 sparse stool sampling methods with CFA as a continuous variable are summarized in Table 2 and Figure 4. The scatterplots with confidence ellipses for the population mean show a negative linear or inverse relation between PF and CFA across all of the sampling methods, with higher variability in the combined-treatment groups (Fig. 4B, D, F, and H) than in the pancrelipase-only group (Fig. 4A, C, E, and G). Correlations between PF and CFA as a continuous variable were strong for the first and last bowel movement sampling methods, with statistically significant Pearson and Spearman values >0.81 for the pancrelipase and combined-treatment groups (P < 0.001; Table 2; Fig. 4A–D). Similar PF and CFA correlation results were obtained for the multiple random sampling method (Fig. 4E and F), although the Spearman correlation (−0.79; P = 0.002) was lower for the pancrelipase samples compared with the combined-treatment samples (Table 2). Correlations were generally lower for the single random bowel movement sampling method (Fig. 4G and H); however, they were statistically significant (P < 0.001) for the combined-treatment samples. PF and CFA correlations were generally not statistically significant for placebo samples (scatterplots not shown); however, Pearson P values for the last bowel movement sampling method (P = 0.04) and the random sampling method (P = 0.05) were significant (0.05 significance level).
The results of this analysis suggest that sparse stool sampling to measure PF may be a suitable alternative method to 72-hour stool collection and CFA calculation to determine whether CFA values are likely to be ≥80% in subjects with EPI. This sparse sampling method is a more convenient stool collection schedule than the 72-hour complete stool collection required for CFA determination and could be more readily applied in routine clinical practice and clinical trials, although assessment of this method in the routine clinical setting is required for confirmation.
In this sparse stool sampling analysis, PF values derived from the multiple-sample methods showed a significant predictive capability for CFA when compared with CFA as a dichotomous variable. PF values below a 30% threshold were greatly predictive for CFA values ≥80%, as shown by high PPV, sensitivity, and specificity values, with high accuracy. There were no relevant differences between the 3 multiple-sample methods tested, which were better than the single-sample method.
When PF values from the multiple-sampling methods were compared with CFA as a continuous variable, stronger correlations were observed for stool samples obtained during the pancrelipase treatment period compared with those collected during placebo treatment; however, when all of the samples were used without regard to treatment (combined group), the results were similar to those observed with the pancrelipase-only samples, despite the higher variability introduced by the placebo group. Although the single-sample method produced a statistically significant correlation in the combined-treatment group, correlations were generally weaker than with the multiple-sample methods. The weaker correlations in the placebo group for all of the sampling methods are most likely caused by the lack of homogeneity and greater variability in CFA values in this group. Ideally, the control group for this analysis would have been normal, healthy subjects. A larger sample also may reduce variability, yielding a more consistent relation between PF and CFA.
Two methods of stool fat determination were used in the present study. The Van de Kamer method (16) was applied to assess fat in stool samples from the 72-hour collection, the results of which were then used to calculate the CFA. The method used to determine PF in the sparse stool samples was the recently introduced 1H-NMR method (33), a rapid, convenient, accurate, and user-safe quantitation procedure. The choice of fat determination method was based on the type of data output generated by each technique. The Van de Kamer method is a wet chemistry technique that provides fat measurements in terms of grams of fat and is ideally suited to provide grams of fat data for input into the CFA calculation. The NMR method provides fat measurements in terms of percentage of dry weight and is therefore applicable to the sparse stool PF assessments. Other methods could be used to assess PF of sparse stool samples; however, the aim of the present study was not to compare methods of stool fat determination but to investigate different stool sampling methods.
In subjects receiving PERT for the treatment of EPI, assessment of the adequacy of treatment in the general clinical setting may be based on symptom severity; however, this may not accurately reflect control of fat malabsorption, particularly because subjects often experience diarrhea in addition to steatorrhea. A reliable and accurate method to assess easily the adequacy of PERT is therefore desired. Many tests of fat malabsorption have been proposed and investigated in the literature and some may be used as diagnostic tools for EPI (13–15,23,25–29). All of these methods have limitations that preclude their use in routine clinical practice for establishing the degree of EPI, and the 72-hour CFA technique remains the criterion standard despite the obvious logistical drawbacks (13). The sparse stool sampling method investigated in the present study requires collection of multiple stool samples; although this may not be acceptable or possible for all clinical centers, the stool collection schedules investigated here are likely to be more desirable and feasible for most clinical practices than collecting every bowel movement during a 72-hour period. The sparse stool samples could then be sent to an internal or external testing facility for PF analysis by NMR or an alternative, validated method. The multiple-sample methods are recommended over the single-sample method given their greater predictive capability and stronger correlations between PF and CFA. Based on this analysis, even if multiple sampling is required, in clinical practice only 3 samples (1 sample per day) would be sufficient.
Because this data analysis was based on only 12 subjects, it is exploratory rather than confirmatory and needs further validation. In addition, the choice of a CFA cutoff value of 80% for substantial fat malabsorption may limit the applicability of these results, because it could be argued that in subjects with EPI receiving PERT, the target CFA should be >90% (38); however, this may be difficult to achieve in subjects with CF. Although the population studied in this analysis was a population of subjects with CF, this method could be applicable to other conditions associated with EPI, for example, chronic pancreatitis, although further validation would be required in specific populations.
In conclusion, provided that sparse stool sampling is feasible in clinical practice, we propose that this sparse stool sampling method be used to identify suboptimal dosing in subjects with EPI caused by CF treated with PERT, and may have the potential to identify substantial fat malabsorption in subjects not receiving PERT. Once substantial fat malabsorption or suboptimal PERT has been identified using this convenient sparse stool sampling method, more detailed investigations could be carried out as required. This method is more convenient and less complicated than the 72-hour CFA method, because it does not require hospitalization, ingestion of food dye, and dietary monitoring, as required for CFA determination. Therefore, if subjects are able to provide assurance and documentation of adequate fat intake to allow interpretability of the results, this method has potential for use as a screening tool in routine clinical practice and clinical trials. Because the analysis we report was performed on only a small sample from a clinical trial setting, a larger study is warranted to investigate these sparse sampling methods in a real-world environment.
Medical writing support was provided by Stephen Gregson, PhD, of Envision Scientific Solutions, Horsham, UK, and funded by Abbott.
coefficient of fat absorption; cystic fibrosis; exocrine pancreatic insufficiency; pancreatic enzyme replacement therapy; stool fat
Copyright 2011 by ESPGHAN and NASPGHAN
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Steven J. Metalitz
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Steven Metalitz is a partner in the Washington, DC office of Mitchell, Silberberg & Knupp LLP. For more than 15 years, he has advised trade associations and companies in the film, music, software, videogame and publishing industries on domestic and international copyright and anti-piracy matters. Besides intellectual property, his practice also focuses on privacy and e-commerce issues. Steven has represented coalitions of copyright industry organizations with regard to several of the major legislative initiatives of the past two decades, including the Digital Millennium Copyright Act of 1998, and his expertise has contributed significantly to the drafting of other major legislation, including the PRO-IP Act of 2008. As long-time counsel to the International Intellectual Property Alliance, he also represents the premier coalition of U.S. copyright industry organizations seeking strengthened copyright law and enforcement worldwide. He currently serves as president of the Intellectual Property Constituency of the Internet Corporation for Assigned Names and Numbers (ICANN). Previously, he was General Counsel to the Information Industry Association, and held senior staff positions in the U.S. Senate, including Chief Counsel and Staff Director of the Senate Judiciary Subcommittee on Patents, Copyrights and Trademarks.
- Debating Congressional Anti-Piracy Legislation: What Do PROTECT IP and SOPA Mean For The Internet? November 10, 2011
Biography last updated November 2011


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Let $\mathcal{H}_q(d)$ denote the Iwahori-Hecke algebra of type $A$ over a field of characteristic zero. When $q = 1$, this is just the group algebra of the symmetric group on $d$ letters. In this case, it is a bialgebra (Hopf, even). In the more general situation, however, there is no obvious choice of coproduct. However, when $q$ is not a root of unity, the Hecke algebra degenerates into the group algebra of the symmetric group, and so it is in fact a bialgebra in an obscure way.
My question is, is it known when $\mathcal{H}_q(d)$ cannot be given the structure of a bialgebra?


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Woodrow Lowe Jr. served as Bolivar's Defensive Coordinator in 2012.
A little more than a year later, Lowe Jr. will be back on campus in a new role.
Lowe Jr., 38, has been named as the new head football coach at Bolivar replacing Keith Perry who resigned two months after a decade of leading the program.
"I was here before for just a short time but I made close relationships with the administration as well as the kids." Lowe Jr. said. "I had a good experience here and when the job came open, it was definitely one I wanted to get."
The Tigers were 3-7 last season.
"We conducted some great interviews and had some quality applicants but when it came down to the hiring it was Coach Lowe," a Bolivar Principal Jeff Barnes said. "He is a quality individual that brings knowledge, a great work ethic and enthusiasm to the football program."
Lowe served as the Defensive Coordinator last year at Rossville Christian in Memphis and is currently the head baseball coach at Rossville as well.
Before heading to Tennessee in 2012, Lowe Jr., also served as the Defensive Coordinator for his dad Woodrow Lowe Sr. at Phenix City Central high school in 2010-11.
Before joining his dad at Phenix City, he served as the head football coach at Selmar (AL) high school for three seasons taking the school to two playoff appearances.
He also worked as an assistant coach for the now defunct Ottawa Renegades in the Canadian Football League.
His dad Woodrow Lowe, Sr. Is a member of the College Football Hall of Fame and was a three-time All- American (1973-75) playing linebacker for Bear Bryant at Alabama.
He also played for 11 seasons (1976-1986) for the San Diego Chargers as well.
Lowe Jr.'s wife Zaneta, is the Chief Consumer Investigator Reporter for WREG-TV 3 in Memphis.
Currently there are open jobs at Marshall County, Mt. Pleasant, Mt. Juliet Christian, Northeast, Middle Tennessee Christian, Fairley and Jackson Christian as schools currently looking for a head coach.
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