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Jiudu Hotel Luoyang
- Location: Luoyang Railway Station,Wangcheng Park
- Address: No.14 Daonan Road, Luoyang
- Tel: 0379-62560888 (Book this hotel, call 800-2682918)
- Hotel Name in Chinese: 洛阳九都宾馆
- Lowest Price: $48
Opened in 2005, the Jiudu Hotel Luoyang is a foreign tourist hotel located at the city center and adjacent to the Bus Station to the east. The Luoyang Railway Station is within walking distance and it is 7km away from the Beijiao Airport.
The Jiudu Hotel Luoyang offers a total of 72 guest rooms of different types. All rooms are provided with free broadband internet access and IDD/DDD phone and so on. Other facilities and services the Jiudu Hotel Luoyang provides include business center, parking lot, beauty room and laundry service and so on.
- Prices not include 18% service fee and tax.
- Payment Method: pay using our secure online payment service or pay at the hotel at some hotels.
- Triple/quad occupancy may require an extra bed at extra cost.
Hotel Amenities
|Hotel Services
|Luggage service, Laundry service, Room service, Wake Up Call, 24hr Reception, Business Centre, Copy Service, E-mail, Fax Service
|Room Amenities
|Air conditioning, Alarm clock, Color Television, Coffee/tea maker, Telephone, Bath and Shower, Free for Internet
Hotel Amenities: Parking, Air-Conditioned Facilities, Business Center, Deposit Box at Front Desk, Fire Detector
Dining Facilities: Chinese Restaurant, Western Restaurant
Print the Taxi Directions
- Please drive me to Jiudu Hotel Luoyang, thank you!
- 请送我到洛阳九都宾馆,谢谢
- Address: No.14 Daonan Road, Luoyang
- 地址: 洛阳 西工区 道南路14号(洛阳火车站对面)
- Tel: 0379-62560888
Similar Hotels as Jiudu Hotel Luoyang
Joysion International Luoyang
From: $ 48
Meiyijia Business Hotel Kaixuan Road - Luoyang
From: $ 48
New Jianlong Hotel
Location: Wangcheng Park
From: $ 52
Check out the list of all 37 hotels in Luoyang


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03-01-2011, 15:48
Hi, I have had this happen with the only two players I have tried to sell at the end of the season rather than immediately. E.G. One player was supposed to go to Burnley and although I had the option to confirm the transfer at the end of the year it never went through. The transfer stayed in place and at the end of subsequent seasons I was asked to confirm the transfer but again it would not go through. As the transfer had been arranged I could not renew his contract and in the end he left for free.
Edit: iPod/iTouch version by the way
Edit: iPod/iTouch version by the way

subset: commoncrawl


text:
Looking to upgrade my Fast Ethernet home network switch to a Gigabit Ethernet switch. Figured I should make sure that the new device supports IPV6, but in looking at the specs of a few switches, I could not find any references to IPV6. I found such info conspicuous when looking at the specs for routers and cable modems, and was surprised it wasn't the same for switches. Do switches just handle IPV6 transparently?
migrated from serverfault.com Feb 24 '11 at 17:44
This question came from our site for system and network administrators.
Switches are layer 2 devices, and neither know nor care about what's going on with IP (V4 or V6) and TCP at layers 3 and 4. They just move Ethernet packets around.


text:
Arsenal transfer rumours: Sami Khedira fee agreed with Real Madrid?
Liverpool transfer rumours: €30m Antoine Griezmann eyed by the Reds?
Manchester United transfer rumours: James Rodriguez £63million bid?
Morning ladies and gents, how are we all on this fine morning?
Ready for another hectic day of transfer fun and games I hope?
Yesterday was a busy day at the rumour mill coal face with done deals left, right and centre.
Diego Costa joined Chelsea, Lazar Markovic joined Liverpool and plenty more besides - and today promises to be no different.
Managers across the country are frantically finalising their summer shopping lists as they bid to get their top targets signed on the dotted line.
We'll have all the latest news, views, gossip and those all-important done deals as they happen right here so don't touch that dial.
And with the preamble out the way, let's 'ave it ...
Right then how about some club-by-club round-ups to get us going ...
Arsenal fans must be delighted with the additions Arsene Wenger has managed already this summer.
With Alexis Sanchez in and Mathieu Debuchy set to join him Gooners could be forgiven for getting a little giddy.
But it appears the Frenchman hasn't stopped shopping just yet.
Indeed Sami Khedira 's name is increasingly the one topping wishlists all over north London.
And today's Marca indicates that a €25million fee has been agreed with Real Madrid.
The German international is believed to be wanting in excess of £150,000-per-week at the Emirates, a figure that would make him the highest paid player at the club.
While that would seem a fairly large obstacle to overcome the paper suggest a deal could be close.
With a certain Luis Suarez-shaped hole looming large at Anfield boss Rodgers is in need of offensive reinforcements this summer.
He already has Markovic over the line but would concede he would like more new faces this summer.
One could well be Real Sociedad winger Antoine Griezmann.
The 23-year-old is on many a European club's radars this summer, with the Reds apparently one keeping a very close eye on him.
Spanish newspaper SPORT report today that Monaco are targeting the Frenchman as a direct replacement for James Rodriguez, should the Colombian join Real Madrid.
They indicate that both Liverpool and Chelsea are keeping tabs on the situation and could move soon.
Sociedad have already said that Griezmann is going nowhere, unless his €30million buyout clause be met.
There seems little doubt that new boss Louis van Gaal has cash to spend this summer.
What remains to be seen is just who he decides to spend it on.
The Express claim he could be ready to splash the majority of his budget on the star of this summer's World Cup, James Rodriguez.
The 22-year-old Colombian vaulted on to the global stages with six goals in five games on his way to the Golden Boot.
And it seems he apparently catapulted himself on to United's radar as well according to the paper.
They say that reports in Spain indicate an agreement has been reached with the player's agent with a fee of around £63m being mooted.
Real Madrid remain the runaway favourites to get him though, with the player indicating as recently as a fortnight ago that a move to the Premier League doesn't interest him.
Some breaking news this morning.
Sky Sports are reporting that Emmanuel Riviere is having a medical ahead of a move to Newcastle.
Alan Pardew is keen to add some more firepower to his front line this summer despite having already signed Siem De Jong from Ajax.
The fee in play is believed to be £6million for the Frenchman who netted 14 goals for Monaco last term.
It seems owner Mike Ashley has loosened the pursestrings somewhat this summer with five new arrivals already on board at St James Park.
Dutch right back Daryl Janmaat joined yesterday although there is yet to be any official confirmation from the club.
How about a look at the back pages this morning then? Plenty to go at as always ...
Everton have added £14 million Colombian hitman Carlos Bacca to their list of summer targets (Daily Star).
West Ham want to sign Norwich defender Martin Olsson (The Sun).
Cardiff are set to launch a second £4 million bid for Southampton defender Jose Fonte (Daily Star).
Harry Redknapp is confident of signing Rio Ferdinand at QPR (Daily Express).
Bad boy striker Nile Ranger has been offered a trial by Leeds United (Daily Star).
Besiktas want Demba Ba on a season-long loan with a view to a permanent deal next summer.
But Chelsea would prefer to sell the 29-year-old striker.
The Turkish club's president Fikret Orman said: "Demba Ba is an excellent player and we have been in talks with Chelsea for a long time. Chelsea initially wanted £10million for Ba, but we have negotiated a price we are happy with."
The Senegal international scored just eight goals and made three assists in all competitions last season.
He looks set to be destined for a fringe role again next season following the arrival of Diego Costa and with Chelsea pushing for a return for Didier Drogba as player-coach.
Besiktas are ready to cover most of Ba's £80,000-a-week salary.
Representatives are in the UK already, with the club on a pre-season camp in Leeds.
Stoke are battling Deportivo La Coruna for Bojan Krkic's loan signing after he was told he is not part of Barcelona's plans.
Potters boss Mark Hughes met the Spanish forward last week for talks at a Cheshire hotel, and is waiting to hear if his offer will be accepted.
New Barca coach Luis Enrique has told Bojan he can go out on loan again after he spent last season with Ajax. But Stoke face competition from Deportivo for the 23-year-old star.
Hughes is also interested in Nigeria midfielder Michael Babatunde, 21. His World Cup team-mate, Stoke striker Peter Odemwingie, has urged Babatunde to snub Sunderland and come to the Britannia Stadium.
Hughes would have to pay a fee of around £1.8million to prise him from Ukrainian side Volyn but as well as Sunderland, he also faces Turkish clubs Bursaspor and Genclerbirligi.
Alvaro Negredo has claimed he is happy at Manchester City and is ready to stay and win back his place.
Negredo, a £16million buy from Sevilla last summer, lost his place towards the end of City's title-winning season when his goals dried up.
After scoring 23 goals in the first half of the season, Negredo failed to find the back of the net again after suffering a shoulder injury in January.
Negredo's loss of form, coupled with suggestions he was homesick, led to interest from Atletico Madrid, who looked at Negredo to replace Diego Costa.
But Negredo, 28, answering suestions from City fans during a break from the club's pre-season preparations in Scotland, set the record straight on his future.
The striker's dip in form cost him a place in Spain's World Cup squad and he acknowledged that his slump caused speculation about his future at City.
But Negredo said: "I don't want to leave City. I'm very happy and very settled here.
"I had a difficult end to the season and that's why there has been a lot of talking. But I've been very happy here from the first day I arrived.
Although Negredo admitted he missed his homeland, he said it was not enough to make him seek an immediate return home after just one season in England.
"Maybe a bit more on the personal side than when we talk football, but I don't cry easily," said the striker. "I am sensible but I have to love that person a lot to be homesick."
Chelsea have confirmed they have agreed a fee with Atletico Madrid for left back Filipe Luis.
The move is subject to the 28-year-old agreeing personal terms but they are expected to be a formality.
Luis looks set to replace Ashley Cole after the former England man left at the end of last season.
Agreement reached with Atletico Madrid for the transfer of Filipe Luis: http://t.co/UZrXyWHZer #CFC pic.twitter.com/akxISUX8sP— Chelsea FC (@chelseafc) July 16, 2014
Bobby Zamora has signed a new one-year deal at QPR.
The 33-year-old was the Rs playoff hero as he fired them back into the Premier League at the first attempt back in May.
However, with his contract at Loftus Road up there was speculation he could leave this summer.
But the veteran forward has put all that to bed by inking a new extension, something he's delighted with.
"I'm over the moon," he told the club's official website. "I've had an up and down time at QPR.
"I started off really well but then picked up a couple of injuries and didn't perform as well as I wanted to.
"But at the end of last year, after coming back following injury, I thought whenever I was called upon to do a job, I did it well."
We told you earlier that Demba Ba was edging closer to a switch to Besiktas.
And here's some photographic proof for you.
Whether the Senegalese striker's move from Chelsea is a loan or a permanent one we do not yet know.
More as and when we get it.
The Eagle has landed! Chelsea's Demba Ba in Istanbul @Murat_JK pic.twitter.com/5cZKTknVda— Turkish-Football.com (@Turkish_Futbol) July 16, 2014
Goal report that Manchester United are set to increase their offer for Thomas Vermaelen.
Louis van Gaal is believed to be keen on the Belgian defender and reportedly had a bid in the region of £6million knocked back already.
But it now seems he is ready to go back in again for the 28-year-old.
They now apparently hope to persuade Arsenal's hand with an offer closer to £10m.
Vermaelen is understood to want away this summer with first choice pairing Per Mertesacker and Laurent Koscielny leaving first team opportunities increasingly rare.
Liverpool have apparently had an £8million bid for Swansea's Ben Davies turned down.
The Reds have spent freely this summer already but the left-back position remains a problem.
Sevilla's Alberto Moreno was thought to be Brendan Rodgers' top target but the Reds have since balked at the La Liga club's £18m valuation.
Attentions have now switched to Welsh international Davies, with Spurs also monitoring his situation.
The Swans are believed to be after closer to £12m for the 21-year-old.
It remains to be seen whether either of his suitors are willing to go that high.
Real Madrid are apparently on the verge of signing Costa Rica's World Cup hero Keylor Navas.
Spanish newspaper Marca suggest Los Blancos have agreed to pay the 27-year-old's €10million buyout clause at Levante.
Navas was a revelation in Brazil keeping three clean sheets as well as saving two spot kicks as Los Ticos knocked Greece out in the last-16.
If the move comes off there are suggestions that current number one Diego Lopez will look to move away with Napoli and Monaco both in the market for new shotstoppers.
We brought you an update on Ben Davies' future earlier - and here's another.
The Telegraph are reporting that Spurs have agreed a £10million fee with Swansea for the 21-year-old.
Liverpool are also keen and had an £8m bid knocked back earlier this week.
It is understood Davies would be keen to talk to the Reds should they match Tottenham's offer.
More as we get it.
Former Fulham striker Bryan Ruiz is reportedly set for a switch to Olympiacos.
The Costa Rican international was released by the Cottagers following their relegation and is now a free agent.
But Sky Italia suggest that he won't stay that way for long with the Greek champions set to snap him up.
Ruiz had a number of suitors including Serie A side Palermo but the 28-year-old's representatives have already jetted off for Greece to tie up a deal.
Swansea are on the brink of signing World Cup star Jefferson Montero for £4million.
The Ecuadorian winger was wanted by Premier League rivals West Ham and Southampton, but has agreed to join Garry Monk's side pending a medical, and will fly into London shortly to complete the formalities of his move to the Liberty Stadium.
Montero will sign from Mexican club Monarcas de Morelia, but has La Liga experience with Real Betis, Villarreal and Levante.
He will sign on a three-year deal, with the club retaining an option for a fourth.
Montero could make his Premier League debut against international teammate and Ecuador captain Antonio Valencia when Swansea take on Manchester United on the opening weekend of the season.
Sunderland lead the chase for USA defender Matt Besler.
The 27-year-old central defender impressed at the World Cup and is available for a structured deal starting at around £2.7million.
The Black Cats face competition from Fulham and Bundesliga sides for the Sporting Kansas City man but are believed to be his preferred destination.
Meanwhile, Ignacio Scocco is closing on a return to former club Newell's Old Boys.
The Argentine striker failed to settle in the North-East and communicated to the club his desire to return to South America.
West Bromwich Albion have been tracking Australia World Cup defender Jason Davidson.
And now, in a bid to force through a move to the Premier League, the left-back - who plays in Holland for Heracles - has skipped the club's training camp, as a contractual dispute continues.
The defender believes that he should be a free agent this summer, but the Eredivisie club claim he is still contracted to them following a verbal agreement and are after a transfer fee.
Heracles chairman Jan Smit stated: "Because he has not reported on Monday, Jason has not fulfilled his obligations.
"From what I understand, he is in England looking for a new club. Maybe that offers a solution."


text:
I love programming, particularly in Python and C/C++. I am also familiar with C# and Java (both of which I hate). I have also used x86 Assembly, Scheme, and Haskell. I also know GLSL (most versions), OpenCL Kernel, and have some knowledge of HLSL, Cg, and ARB Assembly. Web design-wise, I'm learning HTML, CSS, and PHP, plus a smidgen of JavaScript. I also have some knowledge of UML and VHDL.
By now, you should have noticed my Projects Page, which provides access to my miscellaneous programming projects. Many of the projects on the Research Page are programming-related; some were published, some were not. The Tutorials Page contains all the tutorials worthy of your partaking. Finally, the Reference Page contains reference materials for programming-related activities. Some of that content used to live on the tutorials page.


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With Mother's Day just behind us and Father's Day right around the corner, I started thinking about what words of wisdom there were to share on the topic. And then I remembered that when I published this article last year, it got more "likes" than any other I've posted, so I thought it was worth repeating. Let's try to beat the 213 "likes" received by the first publishing. Enjoy! And Happy Mother's Day, Stepmother's Day, Father's Day, and Stepfather's Day!
As we recently discovered, unbeknownst to many, there is a Stepmother's Day, though it is not on any official holiday calendar. So, it would be safe to assume that there is a similar day dedicated to stepdads, too, right? Well, it depends on what you read. A Google search brought up posts that say, for example, "It's on father's day – father's day is for fathers, step-fathers and people who are like fathers to you – it's a day for making father figures feel special". Further searching uncovered a Stepfather's Day Facebook page* that says, "The unofficial Stepfather's Day is the fourth Sunday of June, or, the Sunday following Father's Day." Unfortunately, as of the publishing of this article, only 30 people have "liked" the page, this Examiner being the 30th. Considering that studies show that 3.3 million men, or 11.1% of U.S. fathers, live with at least one stepchild, that's barely a drop in the bucket.
It's interesting to note that there is a National Grandparents Day. President Jimmy Carter signed it into law in 1978. Law! While grandparents are undoubtedly incredibly special people in our children's lives, they mostly get the best of and from the kids. They are often seen as the most loving family members. But what about the stepparents? The stepparents are the ones who are often the outsiders, the ones who have to endure the hurtful "You're not my dad!" or "You're not my mom!". And yet they persevere. They do their best to overcome the inherent challenges of step and be role models for their stepchildren. These unsung family heroes deserve "official" days of honor. Perhaps if we are loud enough, President Obama, who had a stepfather himself, will sign into law National Stepmother's Day and National Stepfather's Day. Are you with me? Follow me on Twitter @StepSolutionsNY and retweet this article to @whitehouse to get your voice heard. How cool would it be if we could make this happen?
In the meantime, let's wish all the father figures in our lives a Happy Father's Day, and now that we know about, send some extra love to the beau-peres ("beautiful fathers") the following week.
*(The author was disappointed to discover that the Stepfather's Day Facebook page is no longer accessible. Anyone want to bring it back?)


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Jessica Alba Does New "Nude Art" Movie Named Machete
Sicko Hollywood director M. Night Shalayamanana put Jessica Alba on the map with dangerous films such as Transformers.
This film was about robot evolution, designed to make kids think that one day, we can transform ourselves into giant robots who fly across the universe and create life. They tried to make kids think that instead of God creating all life and existence, it was actually a robot named Optimus Prime.
The Constitution expressly forbids such things, as it is not legal to indoctrinate children with false religion, yet the writer and director of Transformers did just that, trying to convince kids that the lie from the Church of Scientists (believe in evolution as God) is the gospel truth.
They also committed one other crime: selling fornication to our children. If you reviewed Transformers, you will notice that in between every seen, the feature a woman in skimply clothing. That woman's name is Jessica Alba and she is nothing but a veiled temptress.
[picappgallerysingle id="9572652″]
There you have her, just take a look. Exposed legs, loose dress, loose morals. She teases with her short skirts and who knows what else up there.
This is the person they drenched in oils and had frolic across the movie screen, all with giant battles of Armageddon with evolution robots and gobots and every other type of sinful robot that not even the Japanese could concoct.
Now she is doing a new children's movie named "Machete", being advertised on children's sites like Nicklodean, Cartoon Network and Comedy Central. They say it's a good time for the family, but like all of her movies, it will just be another skin show. Keep your children away, parents. Here's more on the issue:
- Excited
- Fascinated
- Amused
- Shocked
- Sad
- Angry


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I still like my sigs although I love having more guns but its the one I always go back to.
Printable View
I still like my sigs although I love having more guns but its the one I always go back to.
I voted Sig. I've grown very acustomed to her.(1911r)
Beretta Cougar
If I could have only one model of one brand of handgun for the rest of my life.......to me it's a no brainer.
Smith & Wesson Model 29, 44 Magnum, and plenty of reloading components. the most versatile caliber for a reloader in the handgun world!
You can load the 44 from mild to wild.......whatever suits your fancy. Plus it's supremely accurate.
Benelli M4 with collapsible stock and plenty of slugs and buckshot... that is if I could only have one gun.
Springfield Armory XD40 SC.
I had to pick "Other". One brand for life I would have to go with Remington. Good shotguns and good rifles. One gun for life would have to be 270 rifle. You can hunt just about anything with it and a rifle will still work for home defence!!
Smith & Wesson M&P for me!
Equiped with .40 S&W, .357 SIG and 9mm Luger barrels and mags, I'll always have ammo available in a reliable firearm.
Have to go with S&W.
My mind was thinking guns in the broader sense - including shotguns ec, so I chose other thinking of Beretta.
But limited to handguns only, I take SIG
Glock because I know it will go bang every time.
It's not necessarily my favorite gun but I shoot them well and can rely on them.
This is a hard one to answer considering not many of us can claim that we have owned all the manufactured guns quoted to make a authoraitive decision. Sig comes very close in my decision,But being an old vet I was trained exclusively for the most part with the 1911 platform and I was always the most proficient wit that platform due to my training,so that was always my standard EDC.
I have always sworn by the .45 although I have carried the 9mm usually a Sig,but the one pistol that has NEVER let me down,believe it or not was a basic Springfield Mil-Spec I had it for many years and not once did it ever have a hiccup or a FTF. I guess the more basic the better.So I always went with SA due to the experience I had with that Mil-Spec and never had a problem with there Pistols. So in Ans to your question,If I could only have one it would have to be a Springfield 1911TRP. Nothing beats the SA 1911 trigger!In my opinion there is no other platform safer or faster to implement into action.
1 gun, Sig P226 in 9mm.
Sig for me
My opinion on this has changed over the years, and will undoubtedly change again in the future. At this point in my life, I'd say a Beretta 92FS :)
What? No love for High Point???? ;)
Colt Combat Commander O1970CY.
I have a Springfield 1911-A1 Loaded .45.
If I had to choose one gun, I'd probably go with Springfield 1911 TRP in Armory Kote finish. Either that or a Springfield Mil-Spec 1911.
Even though I'm new to handguns and my choice is likely to change, I'd be real happy with a Python. Heck, right now I'd be real happy to pick up a Diamondback, so I said Colt!
G-29 10mm, best of the polymer framed guns. :smt023
Colt DE 10mm for steel frame guns. :smt023
I went H&K. SInce handling and shooting the P2000 in 9mm I don't want to be without it. There will no doubt be more H&Ks in the "family" as time goes on. I like too many different things but if "stuck" with one that's it.
Stricty for defense/combat purposes I'd roll with the P2000 in 9mm as well.
For a one gun to do it all role however I'd have to go with Waldo Peppers G29/G20 or a Colt Delta Elite in 10mm. Enough poop to take most game and lay out 2 and 4 legged predators nicely. Runner up and infinantly more practical a nice 4" 357 mag (GP100, S&W 686).
Sig Sauer 226 X-5 Short & Smart ....... :smt071
only one gun!!! it'd have to be my AK that has to be one of the easiest guns to maintain


text:
Your ad could be here, right now.
Healing Raina
Artist: Meomeo
Story: Star of Destiny
Page: 45 - Part of Chapter 01
Star of Destiny is read from right to left, like traditional japanese manga.
© 2001-2011 Andrew Byrne, All Rights Reserved
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Background image created by Casperium and used with permission


text: Hi all, A few months ago, Gary Gurevich posted a patch to this list for making a wheel mouse work with Win32 vncviewer: http://www.auctix.com/vnc/ I use his patched vncviewer all the time to connect to my Linux box. It works like a charm with KDE apps and gvim! However, it doesn't seem like the major VNC distributions have picked this patch up. (At least, the recently released TightVNC 1.2 vncviewer did not.) May I suggest that they should? I think this is the best thing to happen to VNC since sliced bread (or something)! (Thanks, Gary!) Best regards, - Michael -- I always wondered about the meaning of life. So I looked it up in the dictionary under "L" and there it was - the meaning of life. It was not what I expected. - Dogbert --------------------------------------------------------------------- To unsubscribe, send a message with the line: unsubscribe vnc-list to majordomo "at" uk.research.att.com See also: http://www.uk.research.att.com/vnc/intouch.html ---------------------------------------------------------------------


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My Blog
History Of The Olmecs, Native Americans, Mayan, and their African OriginsWed, April 7, 2010 - 6:36 PM
First some history, then on to the metaphysics...archetypes were one and the same
A History Of The African-Olmecs
The major focus of the tour will be the African presence among Americas, the Olmec etc., but we will also seek to shed light on the African presence in Mexico's other great civilizations, particularly the Mayan. All of this is cutting edge research. For while we have the great Ivan Van Sertima and his tremendous work concerning the African presence among the Olmec--the first great Mesoamerican civilization--there is no such scholar or comparable body of work focusing on the African presence in the civilization of the Maya.
I suppose that the initial questions are: who are the Maya, what is Mayan civilization, and why is it important to us: First things first, the people called the Maya make up a large portion of the population in the Mexican states of Chiapas, Quintana Roo, Yucatan, and Campeche. Beyond Mexico, the Maya extended deep into Central America, incorporating much of the present-day nations of Guatemala, Belize, Honduras, and perhaps even El Salvador.
Beginning almost two thousand years ago the Maya built hundreds of urban centers. Some of the more famous of these are Tikal in Guatemala, Copán in Honduras, and Palenque, Chichen Itza, and Uxmal in Mexico. Some of the lesser known Mayan ruins are Altun Ha in Belize, and Yaxchila and Bonampak in Chiapas, Mexico.
These cities were characterized by ornate palaces, large stone temples, ball courts (the purposes of which are unclear), and stepped pyramids. Characteristically, Mayan buildings were painted bright red. The cities themselves were connected by highways with hotels strategically located along them.
The Maya produced thousands upon thousands of pieces of literature. Unfortunately, the Spanish Church and government officials destroyed all but a handful of Mayan texts and with it much of our knowledge of Mayan writing.
My first trip to an ancient Mayan city was to Chichen Itza in the Yucatan peninsula in Mexico way back in 1985. This was in the really early days of my international travel experience and I combined my trip to Chichen Itza with a pleasant stay in the tourist city of Cancun.
Some historians and scientists, archeologists and others have for centuries covered up and made insignificant historical findings that show an African creation or connection to many of the world's first civilizations. Such has been the case in Egypt, Mesopotamia, India, Moorish Spain, Shang and Shia China, and Mexico.
The denial of the contributions to ancient civillizations and the systematic cover-up was and is based on the maintainance of the myth of Black/African inferiority which was established in Europe and the Americas to make slavery acceptable, and established in India by the infiltrators of the ancient civilization of Harappa and Mohenjo-daro in order to claim that the ancestors of India's Black Dalits (Untouchables) had no civilization (see "The Black Untouchables of India," by Y.N. Kly, V.T. Rajshekar and Runoko Rashidi: Clarity Press, Atlanta, Georgia).
Today, the denial of Black history and achievements to world culture continues through propaganda techniques such as accusing Black historians and Afro-centric writers as being "politically correct," if they refuse to accept the notion developed during the period of colonialism and slavery, that Blacks have no history.
Yet, the facts when presented seem to have no effect on the distractors, including those who had to admit they made errors when they attempted to deny what was and is the obvious and overwhelming evidence of the creation and contributions to culture and civilization by Africans/Blacks around the world.
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Wed, April 7, 2010 - 6:39 PM
The discovery of an ancient calendar in Mexico connected to the Olmec civilization and dating back to 3113 years B.C., the date given for the beginning of an advanced culture in Mexico, has actually shocked many historians and archeologists. In fact, reports point out that the Mexican authorities were "embarrassed," by the findinigs because they placed Olmec civilization as beginning about 1200 years B.C. The discovery of the calendar pushes the dates back to 3113 years Before Christ, according to Sitchin ( ancientamerica.com)
The book, "A History of the African-Olmecs," published by 1stbooks Library, is the most complete and most facinating and intriguing book ever written on the Black Olmec civilization of ancient Meso-America. The books lays out the facts concerning the true origins of the Olmecs in Africa, with migrations from China and other parts of the Old World.
According to studies and research conducted by Clyde Winters, the Olmecs were Africans from the Mandinka region of West Africa. They used the Mende script to write and they spoke the Mende language, the same language spoken by Cinque in the movie 'Amistad'.
The Mende script found on monuments at Monte Alban in Mexico, has been deciphered and it was found to be identical to the Mende script used in West Africa. Afterwards, the language was found to be the very same language spoken by the Mende of West Africa.
One of the most important connections made to show that the Olmecs were West Africans is the very strong similarities in race between the Olmecs and West Africans and the ancient Nubians. In fact, during a scientific conference held years ago, West African scientists identified Olmec artworkd and representations of Africoid peoples as West African.
The Africans also identified cultural traits such as ear plugs, scarification marks and keloid tatoos on the skin and face, cornrows, braids and tassels and even afro hairstyle as West African. Moreover, according to Ivan Van Sertima (African Presene in Early America), giant heads of stone to represent important people in Africa was being done in the present era as well as in ancient Egypt and Nubia.
The 22 or more collosal stone heads carved out of solid basalt rock has identifiable Black African in racial features as well as cultural traits like cornrow hairstyle, braids with beads and kinky hair as well as a type of war helmet identified as Nubian have been found carved in Colosal Olmec sculpture connecting them to West Africa and the Egypt/Sudan region.
Hundreds of clay and terracota busts, statuettes and figurines also show Black African racial and cultural traits. For example, scarification marks and keloid tatoos identical to those worn by West Africans and Sudanese Africans can be seen on some Olmec busts and terracota heads. Kinky hair, cornrows, braids are also represented (see African Presence in Early America, by Ivan Van Sertima; Transaction Publishers.
The Olmec are known as the Xi People, a group that migrated from Africa. Another group of people who joined the Olmes were the Black Xia of China. According to historians such as Wayne B. Chandler (African Presence in Early America), two of China's earliest dynaties, the Shang and the Shia, were both heavily Black African/Black Oceanic dynasties, with Mongol Chinese as well. They dominated China about 2800 B.C. to 1100 B.C.
As early as 2200 B.C., members of the Black Shia began migrating out of China after they were replaced by the Black Shang Dynasty. The book, "A History of the African-Olmecs presents many references from Chinese sources to support the fact of Black civilizations in ancient China.
About 1100 B.C., migrants from northern China predominated by Mongoloids called Chou, invaded the Chang Kingdom and described the Chang as "black and oily skinned." During that period many of the Black Chang migrated to Southern China, Indo-China and the Pacific Islands. Others went to the Americas, where they met an established Black Mende culture in Mexico.
The African-Olmecs also had religious practices identical to that of West Africans according to "A History of the African-Olmecs," (published by 1stbooks Library, 2959 Vernal Pike, Bloomington, Indiana 47404 U.S.A ww.1stbooks.com ) Olmec religions included the use of shamen, the recognition of the Venus planet complex, the use of the ax as a prop in the worship of the Thunder God and the importance of children in their religion.
In the African religion of Shango, shamen are used. In fact, a statuette of an Oni or Priest-king of ancient Nigeria falls in line with the description of the Olmec Shamen given by early American archeologists in the Olmec region of Mexico.
In the Shango religion of Nigeria, Trinidad and Tobago, Cuba, Brazil and other parts of African-Americas, the very same religion as practiced by the Olmecs is still practiced. As for Africa, the Venus complex is studied by the Ono and Bambara, both accomplished seamen who usd to sail the once sea-covered Sahara and the Atlantic.
The Dogon of Mali specialize in the study of the Sirius star system and are experts in their accuracy and charting methods, without any telecopes. The use of the ax and its connection to the worship of the Thunder God was also connected to the Olmecs. Both the Olmecs of Mexico and West Africans practiced religions that included children playing a significant part.
There is overwhelming evidence in all areas that the first civilization in Mexico was influenced tremendously by Africans from West Africa and Nubia/Egypt. All cultural and racial connections show this importand and crucial fact.
There is also a connection with the early Black and Mongoloid dynasties of ancient Shia and Shang Dynasty China, whose prehhistoric origins is said to be Mesopotamia during the Kushite dynasties and Kushite Sudan.
The statue of an ancient Nigerian Oni or Priest-king dating back thousands of years shows him holding religious artefacts that have been found among Olmec priests who are holding identical artefacts in the very same manner.
A large stone statue of a Negroid character at the San Augustine Culture site in Colombia, South America, also show the same items in the hands of the statue (see African Civilizations of America "James Williamson," website, community.webtv.net/paulnubiaempire)


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Our good friends Green Reviews have teamed up with Roberts to offer 3 lucky people the chance to win a SolarDAB radio.
This fantastic radio is the world's first solar-powered DAB radios and is the perfect eco addition to any home or a fantastic portable radio for lovers of the outdoors.
This portable radio it is a compact and lightweight unit and weighs in at just under 700 grams. It'sroughly the size of 2 paperback books, so would fit comfortably into your hand luggage for any trips away.
The body is formed of tough plastic with rubber feet to maintain balance and avoid damage. The solarDAB is not weather-proofed in any way however so be careful not to leave it outside in adverse weather conditions.
The top of the radio is dominated by the solar panel. The 140mmx140mm solar panel is large enough to power the radio for a mammoth 27 hours. Best of all the solar panel doesn't even need direct sunlight to function. Leave the solarDAB on a sunny windowsill and it'll ensure the battery is always topped up.
The display is bright and easy to read and also features two meters which advise on the strength of the sun reaching the panel and the battery's current charge
To enter all you have to do is visit www.greenreviews.co.uk and follow their instructions.
Good luck!


text:
An example of Star Wars cake decorations below was submitted by one of our readers like yourself. If you would like to have your cake recipe and photos posted on this site, simply fill out birthday cake submission form. Please include detailed step-by-step directions for making your cake.
I'm sure our website visitors would appreciate you for providing them with great cake recipe ideas.
Cake submitted by Esten M. from Roseville, CA
I baked these TIE Fighter cupcakes.
Ingredients and Supplies:
Buttercream Frosting (makes about 6 cups):
Royal Icing (makes about 3 cups):
Step 1: Bake cupcakes in mini bunt cake pan according to the directions on the box of mix. Let cool completely.
Step 2: While the cupcakes are baking, roll out gum paste (about 2-3 mm thickness) and use the hexagon cutter to cut out one hexagon shape per cupcake you intend to make. Set aside on parchment/wax paper.
Take a knife and cut the hexagons in half starting and ending on one of the points. You will now have 2 wing halves per cupcake.
After you have cut all of them in half, take the Wilton embosser tool with the smooth wheel and lightly press an outline of the Tie Fighter wings. This will give you an outline to frost over (optional step if you're good at freehand piping).
After you have completed the embossing, set the gum paste wings aside in the open air to let them dry out and get hard. Then use the royal icing to frost in the design using the #2-#7 tips (whichever you're comfortable using).
Set aside again to let the royal icing harden on the wings. (After the frosting hardens, you can flip them over and also frost the inside if you want a little more detail.)
Step 3: Fill in the centers of the cupcakes with the butter cream frosting. Also frost the outside of the cupcakes.
Step 4: Place 1 Oreo cookie on the top center of each cupcake, and frost into place around the sides.
Step 5: Pipe in the Tie Fighter window with white royal icing over the top of the Oreo cookie.
Step 6: Use the piping gel on two ends of the small marshmallows to attach the wings to the body of the Tie Fighters. The piping gel works like edible glue, and when dry - it will hold the wings in place.


text:
Inherently Funny
You've heard of them, you've eaten them, but you've probably never seen them whole. And there's a very, very good reason for that!
Added by a Guest on March 4, 2008 | 6 people like this You Like This | Unlike
o horror!
Says Sally Bananas on March 4, 2008
I wrote a blog that featured this creature over at Apsense... People couldn't believe that something this ugly could taste so good! LOL!
Says Jeff on March 5, 2008
Daaah! Feed me ur pizzas!
Says Mr. Monkfish on March 7, 2008
now thats just stupid any thing can taste good
Says . on March 16, 2008
Crap...I'm having nightmares tonight.
Says Watashi wa shousha desu. on July 12, 2008
It's actually kind of cute looking, if only you could remove the teeth.
Says gabe on April 13, 2009
Says MFW on June 27, 2010
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text:
Ethel Leota Cash, 77, widow of Derrell Gene Cash, passed away Tuesday, April 2, 2013, at Cornerstone Healthcare in Jacksonville.
Mrs. Cash was born Jan. 29, 1936, in Grady, to Alexander George and Eula Mae Wooten McDowell. She was a homemaker and a Baptist. She enjoyed crafts, sewing, gardening, plants, dining out and casino penny slots. She loved cooking for her family and friends, thrift shopping at Magic Forest and animals.
Survivors include three sons, Kenny Cash and Phillip Cash and wife Ina of Stuttgart and Eric Cash and wife Salea of Norfork; three brothers, David George of Huntington, Walter George of Midland, Texas, and James George of Huxley, Iowa; one sister, Mary Furney of Hooks, Texas; 11 grandchildren; 20 great-grandchildren; three great-great-grandchildren; and several nieces and nephews.
Funeral services, officiated by Bro. David Inzer, are 1 p.m. Saturday at Turpin Funeral Home chapel with burial following in Lone Tree Cemetery.
Visitation is 6-8 p.m. Friday at Turpin Funeral Home.
Please go to www.turpinco.com to sign the online guestbook.
Location, ST | website.com


text: I watched something about 9/11 on MTV today and I noticed that some of the things we obsess about arent importent. And I even admit Linkin Park isn't importent compared to some of the things this world is going through. These days people have forgotten 9/11. Its not something to forget. People think about Pearl Harbor more than 9/11. But yet entertainment moves on. I dont know if you agree with me. But 9/11 is an importent date not to be forgotten :unsure:


text:
Stand up for truth, rights and justice…
See the 'Find-a-Campaign' section here >
See our selection of film links and resources collected by the 4WardEver UK Volunteer Team or contributed by readers and members.
4WardEver takes no responsibility for services provided by third parties, nor should our links be taken as endorsement unless stated.
Appeals & Petitions Updates
Activists have created a new petition in the name of Tamir Rice, this time asking Cuyahoga County's Democratic nominee for prosecutor to press on with a criminal case against two police officers involved in the 12-year-old's shooting death. Read more
- Petition: Protect child victims of war
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text:
SparkFun will be closed Monday 7/4 for the holiday. All orders placed after 2pm MT on Friday 7/1 will be shipped out next week.
Description: Here at SparkFun, we refuse to leave 'good enough' alone. That's why we're adding to our line-up of Arduino-compatible microcontrollers once more! The Pro Micro is similar to the Pro Mini except with an ATmega32U4 on board. The USB transceiver inside the 32U4 allows us to add USB connectivity on-board and do away with bulky external USB interface.
This tiny little board does all of the neat-o Arduino tricks that you're familiar with: 4 channels of 10-bit ADC, 5 PWM pins, 12 DIOs as well as hardware serial connections Rx and Tx. Running at 8MHz and 3.3V, this board will remind you a lot of your other favorite Arduino-compatible boards but this little guy can go just about anywhere.
This is the 3.3V version so, as always, keep in mind the limits of system voltage and so forth. The lower system voltage also has its advantages, though, like ease of use with many common 3.3V sensors. There is a voltage regulator on board so it can accept voltage up to 12VDC. If you're supplying unregulated power to the board, be sure to connect to the "RAW" pin on not VCC.
Not sure which Arduino or Arduino-compatible board is right for you? Check out our Arduino Buying Guide!
Note: See the GitHub link below for support with the Arduino IDE.
Dimensions: 1.3x0.7"
——————– Tech Support Tips/Troubleshooting/Common Issues ——————–
Bricked Atmega32U4
The ATmega32U4 is more for advanced users so the board can brick you are note careful. I know there are issues that happen when messing with the watchdog timer and sleep modes with the built in CDC driver for USB communication with the Atmega32u4. There might be something similar that is happening in the code using the timer interrupts. I am unsure of how to fix this issue if you continue to use the code. I recommend trying a different method than using the interrupt timers.
It's possible that you have used the wrong board selection that also had the wrong frequency which bricked your Pro Micro. If you upload the wrong frequency, the IC will not be able to understand any new code that is being uploaded to it because it expects to have code that is compiled for the 16MHz bootloader, instead of using the 8MHz frequency with the oscillator on your board. When either of these cases happens, the device manager is not able to recognize the device and is seen as an unknown device when it runs the sketch. There are ways to recover the Pro Micro though. Check below for more information:
Upload when Pro Micro/FioV3 is still in Its Bootloader
You can try the double reset method by tapping the RST pin to GND twice (since there is no reset button on the board) as indicated in the Reset to Bootloader and How to Revive a "Bricked" Pro Micro section of the FAQ => https://learn.sparkfun.com/tutorials/pro-micro–fio-v3-hookup-guide/troubleshooting-and-faq. As you are still in the bootloader, you can upload code and see it enumerate on a COM port within a 8 second window. This will give you time to select the COM port that the board's bootloader enumerated to in Arduino IDE. Opening up the device manager on you operating system will help to see when it pops up and disappears. On Windows, this takes about 20 seconds to compile and upload. Trying this on a Mac seemed a little faster to compile and upload.
I used the Pro Micro test code that was in the tutorial https://learn.sparkfun.com/tutorials/pro-micro–fio-v3-hookup-guide/example-1-blinkies to upload. After selecting the correct board definition and timing the double reset correctly, I was able to upload successfully in the bootloader after bricking it. It took me a couple of tries before I could get this right because of the timing.
If board is showing up as Arduino Micro (COM##) or Pro Micro (COM##), try the double reset method and updating the drivers while still in bootloader mode:
1) Use the double reset method while having the device manager open
2) When the board entered the bootloader mode, I right-clicked on the
Arduino board in the device manager as shown in this screen shot: http://puu.sh/iaYYC/d45153914c.png
3) I updated the driver for the board
4) Once the update was completed, I compiled and uploaded the code. When the uploading status bar was half-way through, I did double reset again and the problem was fixed
Reinstalling the Bootloader
As a last result, you can always try to reinstall the bootloader. The tutorial is designed for the Arduino Uno, but we've had a lot of people asking about uploading code to the Pro Micro and Leonardo. The idea is the same but the specifics are different. Start by reading the tutorial => https://learn.sparkfun.com/tutorials/installing-an-arduino-bootloader. The first thing you are going to need is a programmer. You can use a standard AVR programmer or any Arduino with the ISP code on it (the standard code will not work with the Leonardo). You will then need to connect it to the Pro Micro or Leonardo and upload the code. Don't worry about the fuse bits or even the avrdude commands (they're great, if you are installing third party stuff, but this will work just fine).
Step 1: Get a programmer
This you can do by following the directions in the tutorial.
Step 2: Connect the programmer/Arduino as ISP to the Pro Micro, Fio V3, Makey Makey, or Leonardo
You will need to connect the same pins, on the Leonardo you can connect it just like the Uno, but the Pro Micro does not have an ISP header and the pin numbers are different. Check the tutorial for location of the pins on the programmer. Here are the pins for the Pro Micro Board:
Note: There is a silkscreen error and D17 is labeled D14 on the board.
Step 3: Program
Using Arduino v1.6+ go under Tools and select the correct programmer (if your programmer uses a COM port select that too), and the correct board (Pro Micro, FioV3, Makey Makey, or Leonardo). Then select Burn Bootloader. For the Pro Micro, this will use the bootloader in the addon file, so make sure you have the correct addon file installed.
FYI, using Arduino IDE 1.6.6 seems to have issues with deprecated platform.txt and subsequent inability to locate avrdude. Reverting to Arduino 1.6.5 solves this.
Is the only difference between the 3.3v and the 5v the voltage regulator on the RAW pin, and the software configuration (e.g. clk freq)? I see "VCC = 2.7V to 5.5V (unless otherwise noted)" mentioned on page 383 of the 32U4 datasheet. In general, can microcontrollers be powered with a range of voltages?
Specifically, I am wondering if I can run the 3.3v version at 3.6v. Thanks.
Oh, now I see below: "The only differences are the voltage regulator and crystal (and a solder jumper)."
There appear to be some errors in the schematic linked to on this page, and for the 5v part. Pin PB0 is the SS pin but has the net name MISO and PB3 is the MISO pin but has the net name D14/RXLED - in the caterina bootloader source the RXLED pin is PB0, not PB3 … looks to me like the PB0 and PB3 names on the 32u4 schematic part have been swapped over by accident.
Sigh, yes, the schematic makes me want to cry a bit. It's on our list of things to do (although not super high priority). In the mean time check out the graphical datasheets. I dug into the ATmega32U4 datasheet and triple checked it so it should be correct.
——————– Tech Support Tips/Troubleshooting/Common Issues ——————–
The serialEvent() function is not compatible with the Esplora, Leonardo, or Micro" that uses the Atmega32U4 https://www.arduino.cc/en/Reference/SerialEvent.
Customer was able to resolve this by using the serialEventRun(). For more information, try looking through this forum that helped the customer resolve the issue => https://forum.sparkfun.com/viewtopic.php?f=14&t=41515.
I needed to use the analog pins as digital I/O and found the answer to addressing them in leonardo\pins_arduino.h
The SparkFun schematic shows
PF7(ADC7) for A0, but it doesn't clearly indicate that it can be addressed as digital pin 18. Well, it can. Enjoy your extra 4 digital I/Os
Why does this board have an external crystal when the chip has an internal 8MHz oscillator?
Mostly for better accuracy. All of our 8MHz boards actually have an oscillator for that reason (if not all then most).
If we wanted to de-solder the crystal, what would we need to do to tell the 32U4 to use the internal oscillator instead?
You can tell the 32U4 to use the internal oscillator even if you don't desolder it. This is done with fuse bits and an avr programmer. Whenever you upload the bootloader it automatically configures the fusebits (which it gets from the boards.txt file), but you can also set them yourself from a command line. Check out this calculator for figuring out what fuse bit you want to use. Also check out this quick run through about fuse bits in general. If you have any other questions feel free to email email@example.com
Do I need an external programmer?
No, the Pro Micro has native USB and the bootloader is designed to program over USB, so you should be fine with just a USB cable
Is anyone else having issues getting the board recognized by OSX Yosemite (IDE 1.6)?
I've tried the Troubleshoot (dump IDE, plug out/wait/plug in), other variations, restarted many times… and only ONCE was I able to get my usbcom working. When it did work, I got a "new keyboard" popup per documentation, but also got a second page where it asked me to hit the key to the right of the right-hand shift key… which I just closed. Everything worked fine and was able to get Blink and my own code working. That was yesterday; in countless tries since (or before) it has never worked.
Incidentally, when it did work, I had a browser open in the background and noticed that the page I was on (the troubleshoot page) scrolled a bit every time I plugged in/out.
Any ideas? Is this happening to anyone else? I'd really appreciate some help/guidance. Thanks
Can a Pro Micro - 5V/16MHz be power with a Voltage of 3.3Volt ?
That's a tricky questions. As a general rule we run our 16MHz AVRs at 5V and our 8MHz AVRs at 3.3V. The reason for this is that the more voltage you give the chip the faster it can run. 16MHz/3.3V is technically out of spec on the ATMega328 (although it does tend to work fine). I believe it is in spec on the ATMega32U4 board though. The regulator on this board will still be 5V, so you would have to hook the 3.3V directly up to the VCC pin and not the RAW pin, but that should work just fine.
What should I do if I want to convert a 5v version to 3.3v version? I need a to operate the chip at 16MHz at 3.3v.
Can this board be powered and run through USB port in stead of an external LiPo battery or wall adapter? If yes, can the 5V line on the USB header be connected to Raw/Vcc or is it already connected?
Would it be possible to use the adafruit battery backpack with this or is there a sparkfun equivalent?
How much current can the digital i/o pin safely push under continuous load?
Can someone please share a Fritzing part for this?
First thing I did with my Pro Micro 3.3v was try to upload the Examples>04.Communication>SerialCallResponseASCII sketch. I had the Leonardo board selected and now the thing seems bricked. Ideas?
I was able to recover my Pro Micro 3.3v using a new Pro Micro 3.3v that I ordered as its replacement! Now they both work. I basically followed these instructions but the wiring was confusing. I used:
16 -> 16
14 -> 14
15 -> 15
…and change the ArduinoISP sketch to
#define RESET 10
At this point I got an error when trying to "Burn Bootloader" that said "first mismatch at byte 0x0000 0xfe != 0xce" A little Google-fu lead me to this forum post and just as he said I edited the file:
and put:
in the "promicro8.name=SparkFun Pro Micro 3.3V/8MHz" section and then the "Burn Bootloader" function worked. I verified it with the Examples>04.Communication>ASCIITable sketch and it worked.
Does this use a .8mm thin PCB like the Pro Mini? https://www.sparkfun.com/products/11114
The board is measuring ~0.9mm according to my Harbor Freight calipers.
This posting needs some new photos with the inch/cm scale super imposed. BTW, it's 33mm x 18mm.
My chip is really hot and all the lights are on when I plug in the board. The USB port on my computer says it the chip is pulling too much power. Can I reset my board?
That does not sound like a software issue, but like a faulty board (probably a short of some kind). Email email@example.com and they should be able to help you out.
Why do you say that it works at 8MHz and in the schematic there is a 16MHz oscillator? Is there an error? If yes which one is wrong? Thank you
Sorry, the 5V/16MHz and 3.3V/8MHz versions use the same PCB. The only differences are the voltage regulator and crystal (and a solder jumper). I'm not sure if we have 2 different schematics, but these are populated with a 3.3V regulator and 8MHz crystal.
Thanks for the answer! Yes i noticed that, that's why I didn't know which one to choose between them because I need 3.3V and 16MHz… Isn't it possible? If I change the voltage regulator on the one that works at 5V, do you think i can make it work at 3.3V and 16MHz? Thank you
With the ATMega32U4 that might actually be in spec, but even if not it should probably work fine. Don't forget, you can also just put 3.3V on the VCC pin.
yes, but then if i connect the USB i get a short circuit, no?
Even with them in stock configuration I don't recommend having a power source on VCC with the USB plugged in. Having 2 power sources on a board is never a good idea. But if they are both 3.3V its probably not going to hurt while programming (don't forget to open the solder jumper on the board as well).
For the same sketch I get: Pro micro Binary sketch size: 34,750 bytes (of a 28,672 byte maximum)
Arduino Uno Binary sketch size: 32,160 bytes (of a 32,256 byte maximum)
Why is the sketch bigger and the sketch maximum smaller?
Okay, so I've learned that the additional sketch size comes from the USB libraries that are needed for the Pro Micro and the smaller maximum sketch size is due to the boot loader.
All this would have been nice to know before I purchased this board.
Thank you for the numbers, this will help others who are already pushing the limits of an Uno.
Anyone know how to get the hardware files to work with the 1.5.6 IDE? In the release notes there is a new hardware file protocal / description. I can see the pro-micro in the 1.0.5 environment but NOT in 1.5.6. Looks like Sparkfun will need to provide updated hardware files for the new environment. This is my first time using this particualr board, I love it!! building a remote mounted altimeter using this chip, the BMP-180 and an xBee. Works great except I get the panic screen on my MAC more frequently with this chip that's why I want to switch over to the newer environment.
It seems there's an error in boards.txt The Efuse bits should be 0xce not 0xfe
I've been trying to verify that I can re-burn the bootloader (I have my reasons, muhaha..) and it doesn't work from arduino. I get a verification error. From the command line it works fine… any ideas folks?
Following the instructions in the Hookup Guide Tutorial but so far no luck installing driver on Windows 7 64. Downloaded driver ZIP-file from https://github.com/sparkfun/SF32u4_boards. Device is detected properly as 'USB IO Board' in Device Manager but when I point the driver installation to the SF32u4_boards-master\driver directory I keep getting 'Windows was unable to install your USB IO Board… Windows could not find driver software for your device'. Anyone know what's up?
Figured it out with help of this: https://forum.sparkfun.com/viewtopic.php?f=32&t=37026. Sparkfun should update their tutorial and driver (INF) files. The rest of the tutorial looks ok.. I can upload the sample program to the board and it works ok.
Hi, I work with the Arduino Pro 3.3V "DEV-10914" and the FDTI basic 3.3V "DEV-09873." Today, I want to work with Pro Micro 3.3V "DEV-12587" or fio v3 "DEV-11520." How to flash my new board without the port USB converter 5V/3.3V ?
Does anybody know if the Pro Micro can support a display? If yes, what kind of display and how? (what kind of connection and how to program it) I have attached the pro micro with a bluetooth serial port module in order to send some dummy readings to an android app via bluetooth and I would like to have these readings shown on a display as well. Thank you
Has anyone run into problems using the EEPROMex library on these Pro Micro boards? I used that library flawlessly on an Arduino Uno, but I think using it bricked by Pro Micro 5V (I was able to recover it by reflashing the bootloader: https://learn.sparkfun.com/tutorials/installing-an-arduino-bootloader/uploading-code—easy-way), but I'm wary of trying again. Any ideas on how to easily use EEPROM memory would be fantastic! Thanks!
after my initial prototyping with Pro Mini's, I bought a couple of Pro Micro units because it would eliminate the external power supply. following the instructions for the Addon files, i was able to program both units (one via a Mac, the other via Linux both with Arduino IDE 1.0.5) using an example from RF24 library to verify my wiring. the functioning setup was disconnected overnight and now neither board is recognized (i.e. the Mac and the Linux setup exhibit the same behavior). i'm stuck. this seems to be a known issue (e.g. http://mrgazz.com/blog/computers/computers-mainmenu-138/hardware-mainmenu-140/sparkfun-arduino-pro-micro-and-linux and https://forums.freebsd.org/viewtopic.php?&t=37505 and https://forum.sparkfun.com/viewtopic.php?f=32&t=37466). is there a documented solution to this?
Update: Using windows 7 and arduino IDE 1.0.5 + the above addon files, I tried the recommended remedy for getting into bootloader mode and loading a sketch; i've not been able to get into bootloader mode (50+ tries).
last update synopsis: i'm able to see/program the boards again, but i don't know why. long version: after unsuccessfully trying to get the IDE to see the board under windows via the bootloader mode reset x 2 sequence, i rebooted the mac into OS X and noticed that the serial port (/dev/tty.usbmodem1411) has reappeared. i was able to download the blinky test sketch into the board, switch to the second board and perform the same thing. i rebooted the linux and it was able to see the board again. my w-a-g is that there's an issue with the USB dialect that the board uses.
Did you ever determine the cause and resolution? I have MANY styles of 5v Arduinos that appear fine on my Mac. I have exactly two 3.3v devices and neither show up in the IDE, but this one (the DEV-12587) doesn't even show up in system information.
When I first connected it, it showed up as a keyboard and I sent a modified blink code to it. Since then I can't see it in the IDE port list anymore. This is on two different computers (both running Mavericks, though).
Would love to find a fix.
I'm having the same problem. I was programming it one day and all of a sudden it stopped showing up in my Windows 7 Device Manager (regardless of the USB port I was using [I've had trouble using it on my USB 3.0 port]). When I do the "double tap" reset trick to get it into bootloader mode, my Windows 7 Device Manager flickers as if it were recognizing a new device, and the Arduino IDE see it on Port 9 for a few seconds. I haven't been able to successfully upload a sketch to the Arduino while doing this though. I wish we could find a fix.
Could you please specify the quiescient current at poiwer down? Thank you
I've got a few of these, and was wondering if I could convert one of them to 5V by simply changing the Crystal to 16Mhz, soldering the jumper closed, and flashing with the Caterina_promicro16.hex bootloader?
I developed HID keyboard using example source.
However, BIOS does not work on the problem. (Mac, Windows in normal operation.)
This is a fantastic deal!
I'm looking at the schematic and it looks like there's either an error in the board or the schematic:
The silkscreen on the board has pins on the bottom corner labeled 10, 16, 14, 15, A0, etc. The schematic shows those same pins as D10, MOSI, MISO, SCK, A0, etc. This is mostly ok as D16==MOSI and D14==SCK. However, D14 is not the same as MISO. According to the schematic, D14 is connected directly to the RX LED. Either the schematic or the silkscreen should be updated.
and PB3(MISO) is Arduino pin D14.
John in the original post is correct. The silk screen layer and resulting board are incorrect.
I think the schematic is wired correctly, but labelled wrongly: PB0(SS) is Arduino pin D17, and PB3(MISO) is Arduino pin D14. The PCB is correct.
I agree that the confusing naming is, well, confusing. Basically you're thinking 'Pin 14 on the header, that must be the same as D14 in the schematic', while it's not. Gets even more fun when you try to figure out which pin number that would be on a various traditional arduino boards :)
What type of micro-USB connector are you using on this? It looks MUCH easier to solder than the ones I've been messing around with!
The easier to solder connectors are not necessarily a good thing. I've had several micro-USB connectors snap off of 5V Pro Micros while attaching a USB cable, lifting traces in the process and generally being a big pain to repair. Maybe the solder pads to the left and right of the connector should be made a little larger to give the connector a little more footing on the board.
That's one of the reason for the change. The new boards have a new connector with a more secure footprint to help prevent that accidental removal.
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I used it to drive remote controls, connected to an Nrf24L01 and a couple of pots and buttons. Works very well and lasts a long time with a regular 9v battery.
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Fantastic board. Amazingly compact and powerful for its incredibility small size. Very low power requirements. 1 LiPo cell will power it.
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I have only had it for a few weeks so I cannot give a long term evaluation opinion but a few things surface pretty quickly. Initial setup was a bit bumpy but the documentation on the website explains all and you only have to follow thoroughly. The unit is small, light, provides decent functionality. The main issues I have with the unit so far: The micro USB connector… what went wrong there ? This must be the crappiest connector available on the market. I don't even dare to remove the USB cable once it was plugged in. This connector will undoubtedly rip off the PCB after a few connects/disconnects. In expectation of that it would have been helpful to have the D+ and D- pins broken out so I can access them via header, but no. If this connector comes off it gets messy. Second.. What is the deal with those 5 pins that are not broken out and marked Not Used in the schematic ? I'd rather have access to those pins and have the PCB slightly larger than the way it is now. Timer 0 would be nice to use with two compare outputs (OC0A and OC0B or PB7 and PD0) but one of them is not broken out… Why ? It is still a nice unit but those two issues bother me already. So much for now.
I love the small form factor and native USB support. I've got mine acting as an I2C slave receiving commands from a Raspberry Pi.
Software set up and uploading was pretty straightforward, and it does its job well. - main issue is the flimsy micro USB connector, have to be extremely careful with it
Note for Ubuntu 14.04 users have to add some udev rules so that your OS doesn't mistake the Pro Micro for a GSM modem (https://forum.arduino.cc/index.php?topic=217910.0)
We've tried many different Micro USB connectors to try to resolve the risk of popping the jack off the board. Unfortunately this tiny connector can be very hard to keep stable with such little solder points and without being in a enclosure designed to support the jack. One tip is to carefully tack the jack down with some hot glue. This will at least help support the jack better.
Compared to the more popular Arduino boards, this board is a perfect feature combination for battery-powered devices and for miniature devices. It runs on much less power giving a longer battery life, it accepts any voltage but it also accepts much lower voltage meaning fewer cells and more versatility. It's power regulator is efficient, and it outputs regulated-3.3v to power the other components (which typically results in even more total power savings), and this also eliminates the need for level conversion circuitry (because it seems like everything is 3.3v these days). It's significantly smaller than even the Arduino nano, and with the aforementioned fewer cells in the battery pack (due to that lower operating voltage), it allows either smaller batteries or greater capacity batteries. I also like the slimmer and more convenient/universal micro-USB connector, which works with standard phone cables.
The downside is that it seems the hardware serial RX TX pins share the USB serial, so when you are using the serial monitor to debug, you're going to prevent the hardware serial from functioning. That can be pretty inconvenient, but a small price for the advantages, and I've had no problems using a soft serial connection instead. The chip's on-board USB also causes my computer's detected com port number to change during the upload/reboot sequence, which can also be annoying - it often adds more mouseclicks to the process, though doesn't actually affect functionality in any way.
This is now my favorite board by far. If you're making something that wants to be battery-powered or tiny or both, this seems like the clear frontrunner.
I purchased this back in April 2015 and just finally opened it up (Oct 2015). I developed a small system around the 5v one with a regulator for my 3v3 components (all of them). So I finally have an application now where the 3v3 one is a better fit (just a SATCOM updating system with a venus chip and a dense sensor board). Anyway, I pulled it out, soldered on headers, and plugged it in (alone first) - it didn't even recognize. The power light shows but the serial port won't show up and I don't see any bad solders - note to self: try it before doing any soldering to at least know for the post mortem if I caused it or if it was DOA.
Probably my fault for waiting so long, and I am obviously long past being able to return/exchange it (totally valid). I'm sure the ones that work are great, I can attest to the 5v one being as awesome as most SF products are :)
EDIT: Looks like I left my settings on the 5v/16mhz one - so I'm pretty sure I caused it! Any one know how to reflash the bootloader on these?
Hi, Here's instructions on how to recover a bricked pro micro. https://learn.sparkfun.com/tutorials/pro-micro–fio-v3-hookup-guide/troubleshooting-and-faq#ts-revive
I received the board two weeks ago and it never worked. The board is not recognized at all. Sent an email Friday and still waiting to hear.
You ticket was received after Support was closed for the weekend. Someone will respond to your ticket as soon as possible.
This is the worst Arduino I have ever owned. It just makes your life miserable as you discover that the board does not program because the mini USB micro port disconnects the data lines every time it is touched. I bought two of these Pro Micros and the behavior is the same even with multiple USB cables.
The nail in the coffin is the driver. The serial port changes every time I program the board, so I have to re-select it each time. And this all happens when nothing is connected to the board.
Hmmm, that's not normal behavior all for these boards. If you're running a Mac with OS X, there may be some driver conflict there, but the data lines shouldn't be disconnecting whenever the port is touched. I would recommend getting in touch with out tech support team, they should be able to assist you with your issues pertaining to this board.
I initially bought the pro micro 3.3v which worked for about 5 uploads then lost connection. Ho Yun "Bobby" Chan, provided excellent support. He got me a refund and recommended the pro mini with FTDI board which worked great. Great support, give Bobby a raise!!
Sorry you had an issue with your Pro Micro. I'm glad Bobby could help you out. He's an awesome technician, and we appreciate his contributions to our Tech Support team. :) Thanks for the kind words.
I haven't used it extensively, but this cheap little board worked like a charm for all the small projects I have used it for. It's tiny enough that you can embed it in any project, but it has enough broken out pins to to almost anything. Also the second hardware Serial proved to be really useful.
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When I received it, I simply plugged it in and pulled out my iPhone. Using the official app I was able to simply connect to the device. Wonderful. Cannot wait to get making!


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This book tells the story of the famous 'grootbordes' (large platform) tramcars of the municipal tramways of Amsterdam, of which 135 were built, and their forerunners: the six 'season cars' (with sliding windows) and the twenty so-called 'stoeltjeswagens' (with seats which could be turned over). All those cars were equipped with three windows on both sides (that's why they were named 'drieramers'). The tramcars were delivered between 1908 and 1920, and the last ones withdrawn from service in 1960.
The book, written in Dutch, contains 116 pictures, of which 31 in colour. The pictures not only give an impression of the tramcars concerned, but also of the Amsterdam street scene of those days.
I was born on the 23th Oktober 1935 in Amsterdam. As a child I was already very interested in streetcars and public railways. When I was 25 years old I started to photograph these subjects. In daily life a had a lot of professions. The last 20 years before my retirement I was active as a teacher at an institute of moral education. In 2000 I published my first book, about the 'blue' tramcars of Amsterdam. Since then three other books followed, about the Amsterdam three-axle cars, the Rotterdam tram system and the 40th anniversary of the Rotterdam metro. In 2007 I discovered Blurb. Yet I can also publish less selling titles, for instance the this year finished book about the Amsterdam Union tramcars. I am not only interested in public transport. Under a pen name I also publish poems, columns, essays and short stories.
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Van Wilhelmshaven tot Woldedünen Published July 19, 2009
Per smalspoor door de Harz Published September 01, 2008
De Amsterdamse Unions en hun voorlopers Published April 01, 2008


text:
The Theory Prelim Exam involves a presentation and in-depth discussion of a group of research papers on a topic agreed between the student and the faculty members on the committee. The student is expected to demonstrate a solid understanding of the topic, and of its relationship to other areas of theoretical Computer Science.
Check out the TH Research Area for more information.


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Former keepers and their family members return for the Delaware Lighthouse Festival on Saturday, Aug. 11.
Bob Savage of Milford, Penny Czerwinski of Townsend, and Warren Walls of Lewes will be the special guest keepers.
The Delaware Lighthouse Festival will be held from 10 a.m. to 4 p.m. on the grounds of the Lewes terminal for the Cape May-Lewes Ferry, 43 Cape Henlopen Dr. Admission and parking are free.
For more information, visit DelawareLighthouseFestival.com.
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Why did they do CG?
In Attack of The Clones, there were hundreds of clone troopers seen. Why did they decide not to have any real life clone troopers? I know it would have been harder, but I think the quality of the film could have been better.
Because George is a ****ty director that does most of his directing in the editing room. So CG = much better in the end.
Is there really that much of a difference?
I dunno, in the prequels I was quite impressed with the CGI. Only a few times did I say to myself "oh man that looks fake." Examples include Anakin "surfing" on top of that bulbuous cow type creature in AOTC, Padme's a little TOO perfect "action figure riding vehicle" posture on top of that animal in AOTC's arena scene, and that pan over of the Clonetrooper helmets at the end of the movie (that screamed "video game cutscene"). It was in that scene that I thought the clones must have been CGI, but I didn't realize they ALL were until I read about it later on the 'net.
The Special Editions weren't too bad, except for Jabba (obviously CG) and the Stormtrooper that was riding the Dewback in ANH (c'mon, he flopped around like a fuzzy plastic doll). The 2004 DVD's brought to light how fake looking the "Rontos" were in ANH (practically with big fuzzy lense flares on them), though I didn't notice it on the big screen.
Also on the big screen (the IMAX EXPERIENCE), the first pan over of Kamino's platform in AOTC looked fake (I could see clipping between the object and the background that wouldn't be there in real life), though I didn't notice this on the DVD or the regular theater.
Those were moments that "took me out of it." Sure, a couple of the close ups of Jar Jar in TPM where Obi-Wan and Qui Gon are first talking to him it seemed like they were looking above him or past him, but that was about it. The rest felt pretty seemless.
I actually think the lightsabers in TPM look better than the ones in AOTC. Compare clips. The ones in TPM look bright and "solid" like we're used to from the better shots from the OT, but suddenly in AOTC they look a little too colorful like they were pasted in with a computer (as SURPRISE! they were, but anyway). That said, the effect looks cool, but when you compare the difference it takes you a bit out of the moment.
The effects added to the SE's weren't bad, but the ones that worked best were the ship effects or scenes added where the whole thing was CG, rather than pasting in some character that wasn't there before (like Jabba). Sure the 2004 Jabba was much improved, but since we all know the puppet so well, he just didn't quite cut it.
Yoda in AOTC took some getting used to, I'll grant that. He moved a little too slowly and carefully at times, that made you think he must be a computer construct and they're taking their time to show off his every bone structure and angle. While you accepted him as "real" after awhile, certain shots make his head look really round and blob-like (ditto for some shots in the ROTS trailers) that he didn't seem to have in the OT or TPM (with the puppets). The puppet in ESB at times looks pretty fake but again you accept him most of the time as some old alien.
We aren't to the point yet where "humans" that are CGI look completely lifelike, but space ships, aliens we've never seen before that don't interact too much with real humans, and robots look pretty convincing these days.
And LOTR has shown how crowd scenes and large "ground battles" can be done convincingly with a mixture of CG and real or completely CG. I think we've come a long way.
I'm not of the mind that replacing puppets and models with CGI is automatically better, but also I agree that we're to the point where CGI isn't automatically "more fake."
Still, for established characters (like Yoda) we're used to seeing them "more real" (like the puppet in TPM) so some of that is lost with the CGI. But it's far easier to have a cgi Yoda jumping around in a saber battle than a puppet and make it convincing, so I give him that.
Momentary lapses in the film like I've described aren't just CG either. Every time I see an obvious "matte box" around a ship or something, that yells to me "hey! you're watching a made up movie!" I can overlook it, it's just a little distracting.
I hope you realize that since they're clones, they all have to be the exact same height? Finding hundreds of men with identical heights (and I'd imagine weight too since they all got fed about the same) is impossible. Not to mention the thousands of dollars that would go into mass-producing the costumes and paying the actors... it's not needed. CG is fine and the only efficient way to do it.
That wouldn't be necessary. They could use a few guys of identical height, and repeat them over and over. That said, I think the CG clone troopers look fine.
Not exactly. It could be done without a computer, but thats beside the point. The images themselves would not have to be created using a computer. Its like when you see large crowds of people in movies. Usually there are not that many people really there.
If you look at starwars.com and behind the scenes, that's exactly what they do with the wookies, get a few real ones and then copy them over and over again, just in different spots.
What's "CG"?
If this was a movie about an actual war I could see gripes about using this much CG but it is infact about a galaxy far, far away. It's based on Saturday matinee scifi serials, I love how it looks completely different from all other films and is miles above ones that use too much CG (Captain Whatever and the World of Tomorrow, anyone?). CG suites Star Wars and creates an amazing world that would be impossible to make anywhere else.
I think he mostly did it "because he can."
He probably thought "hey wouldn't it be awesome if I could show the movie and then say to the collectors who wanted to buy a Clone uniform.. 'but there was no clone uniform costume, they were all made in a computer!' and have their jaw drop to the floor."
Lucas probably lives for such moments. ;)
Actually in ROTS I thought "these guys look so REAL" until I watched ANH on DVD again barely 24 hours after my first viewing. And then I saw what REAL stormtroopers looked like and realized how fake the ROTS troopers had been. It was just because I hadn't seen the originals in awhile that I didn't have a fresh, crisp picture of them in my mind to compare.
They were a little too fuzzy and plastic, vs. the shiney, gritty, grimy, clanking outfits.
He could have just gotten a bunch of guys of similar heights and used shoe lifts and camera angles to produce the rest. Even crowd scenes can be done without CG, ever hear of blue screen techniques? Those weren't exactly a novel phenomena even back in the late 70's, early 80's. ;) Like somebody said, film a bunch of guys and then composite the rest in.
Actually in the OT there are several crowd scenes where they just used cardboard cutouts (or mattes) which appear to be giant photographs of crowds. They look totally real until you take a still frame and look carefully, then it looks like crap. And none of them were fixed in the Special Editions (except for the ending of ANH).
Chase Windu Smash!!
I guess I never really noticed that the clones were CG. I mean, I knew they were, but when I watched the movie I didn't think, "Hey! They aren't real people!" I think it was better this way in the end.
The clones looked real enough.
I was convinced the closeup clones ("We're out of rockets sir") were real until i found out otherwise.
But theres one thing you have to remember, the CG looks amazing.
Like I said, there were only a few moments when I thought "Hey those look like CG!" in AOTC.
In ROTS I agree, they looked "real enough."
The only scene that was a little odd was the one when "Commander Cody" takes off his helmet. There's this really loud sound effect of the helmet coming off and it looks kind of cartoony for like a split second. Hard to explain, but it made me think ("did they CGI the armor on, or did they CGI his head onto a CG body?"). But overall there were fewer "Ah ha, CG!" moments in ROTS than in the other two prequels, or the special editions.
The reason he used CG is because he wanted the uniformity, since the Clone Army were exact genetic duplicates. Just my theory. While he could have used live actors, there was a chance of them not being exactly alike, so he did CG. I had no probelm with it.
And for those saying he's a ****ty director, it's ironic that you have taken the time to see all of his movies. LOL!!!!
Lucas made the clones CG because he had the money to spend. That's really all there is to it, IMO.
I see I'm the only one who voted for clone trooper. I assume the question means which one is the best choice visually, and I feel that the clone troopers fit the bill as the galaxy's most elite troops. Stormies do look slightly more "real" in some sense, but (especially in ANH) they're just some extras in suits and don't act (or necessarily look) like elite shock troops. I also prefer the AOTC troops for the slightly more unique look and obvious Mandalorian resemblances. I felt the ROTS troops were, ultimately, CG stormies with new visors. And colors. Ooh, pretty colors. :rolleyes: :p
EDIT: And I know that the ROTS trooper are in my sig. ;)
I like Star Wars for the sense of wonder, adventure, likable characters, and cool special effects. I generally like sci fi and sword fighting in movies so that automatically appeals to me. And yes, there's nostalgia from watching them as a youngster! ;)
In the original trilogy there's a couple of instances in crowd shots where Lucas put in cardboard cutouts that were painted in (note the award ceremony in ANH, which was "Fixed" in the Special Edition.. or the Emperor's arrival in ROTJ that remains). The latter example is less obvious except when you freeze frame. Another use of cardboard is the shot of Lando hanging onto the bottom of the skiff while Luke leaps from one to the other in ROTJ (I never noticed it until somebody pointed it out in the last year and now it's painfully obvious everytime I watch it!). ROTJ was supposedly completed in less than a year, so that's the only explanation I can think of for why this stuff wasn't fixed. Because the technology for inserting those characters certainly existed at the time. Why Lucas didn't take the time to correct any of this while he was re-editing the films I don't know.
So yes, Lucas could have created identically heighted stormtroopers AND stormtroopers all with the same voice if he had wanted to back in the 1980's (he probably didn't have the money to do it in 1977). It's not necessary to do so, and his after the fact explanations make it clear he has no plans to do that anytime soon, which is fine by me.
I think they could've done it sorta like the new Charlie and the Chocolate Factory with all those Oompa Loompas being just one guy.
Yeah. Incidentally I thought that really sucked (not that it wasn't convincing, just that the entire Oompa Loompa population looking identical was lame).
Of course not. It was never about the acting. The stories however, were well put together onscreen, evidenced by how we are all still mesmerized by them. George Lucas did something right, I would say.
Neither did i know the clones were CG before i read about it.
About things looking fake: Lookt at the umm.. thingy falling on Obi-Wan on the bridge of Grievous's ship, Obi-Wan looks so fake there. :D
Edit: Gah! Of course i had to do something noobish!
This thread is OLD man don't post on old threads.
or not.
Real life army=Awesome
CGI Army=Awesome
CGI armies are easier to blow up real good.
I don't think it even makes a difference, I thought that some of the Clones were real before I leant otherwise.
It can be done extremely well, but sometimes I think Lucas could have used stunt men for when humans were floating around, I mean, the Palpatine fights were really stupid in the way he bounced everywhere like a DBZ characters.
Anyway, ours is not to judge the way a film is created, I guess. After all, we're not directors!
Well, Palpatine is strong in the Force. He can do anything.
Still looks fake as fung though. And he can't stop his own lightning attacks from frying him. Even a noob in the Jedi knight series could do that. ;)
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Single Sign On Whitepaper available
By Acshorten-Oracle on Apr 05, 2009
Integration of single sign on technology with products using the Oracle Utilities Application Framework is possible.
A whitepaper has been publish which generically outlines the process necessary to perform integration between an SSO product and the Oracle Utilities Application Framework.
The whitepaper is available at My Oracle Support at KB Doc Id. 799912.1.


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In the spring of 1966, Toronto Maple Leafs defenseman Allan Stanley suffered a season-ending knee injury. Stanley was 40 years old, had won three Stanley Cup championships and written himself into the history books of four of the Original Six NHL franchises. Billed throughout his career as a plodding, purposeful player, "Snowshoes" had grown even more labored with age. In short, the injury was clearly of the career-ending variety.
"Stanley was the best left defenseman in the business," coach Punch Imlach said at the time, with a touch of nostalgia.
"Nobody can be called indispensable in a team game. But if there was one guy we couldn't afford to lose, it was Stanley," added longtime defense partner Tim Horton, as if Stanley had already announced his retirement.
But he hadn't. In a career spent defying odds and ignoring naysayers, Stanley had one more comeback up his sleeve. The Hall of Fame defenseman returned in 1966-67 to provide a vital, calming dimension to the "Over the Hill Gang" in Toronto as they skated to their fourth Stanley Cup title in six seasons.
Stanley died Friday. He was 87.
There's no doubt he battled until the end, because that's the only life he knew. Growing up in Timmins, a remote, hockey-crazed mining outpost in northern Ontario, Stanley was pitted against future legends like Real Chevrefils, Bep Guidolin and others on the frozen ponds that dotted the territory.
Early on, it was clear Stanley's talent was a special one. But there was one problem: No one could see him play. In the 1930s and early '40s, the only prospectors not mining the metal- and hockey-rich region were professional scouts.
That would change when a wealthy mine owner culled the region's best players into a team known as the Holman Pluggers. The team was raw and rag-tag, but their talent was undeniable. In 1942-43, the Pluggers shocked the amateur hockey world when they beat southern Ontario power St. Catharine's in Maple Leaf Gardens to win the Ontario Championship.
It was Stanley's first triumph on the famed ice of the Maple Leafs, but it wouldn't be his last. In fact, it would take nearly two decades for Stanley's steady, quiet persona to be appreciated League-wide.
After five seasons spent refining his game in the minors, the New York Rangers acquired the 22-year-old blueliner from the AHL's Providence Reds in 1948. So smitten were the Rangers with Stanley that they paid $70,000 plus Ed Kullman and Elwyn Morris to bring him to Broadway.
During his rookie season Stanley showed flashes of future brilliance -- he played with "a poise and confidence rarely seen in rookies," according to "The New York Rangers: Broadway's Longest Running Hit," a history of the team -- and finished second in the Calder Trophy voting to teammate Pentti Lund.
In his five seasons with the Rangers, New York qualified for the playoffs just once. As the fourth and final qualifier in 1949-50, the Blueshirts shocked Montreal in the first round and pushed Detroit to the brink, losing in the Final in seven games. Stanley had two goals and seven points in 12 postseason games that season, and coach Lynn Patrick called him the best player on the ice in the Game 7 loss to the Red Wings.
But Stanley was notoriously unpopular with Rangers fans, who almost immediately deemed his measured disposition as boring and bland. At one point, Stanley told reporters he would avoid starting the attack from behind the net, since that was where the fan abuse was worst.
Eventually, he was literally booed out of the building. Ire from fans was so strong that Patrick considered playing him just in away games. Ultimately, general manager Frank Boucher sent him to the Vancouver Canucks of the WHL in 1953-54.
"Boucher made it clear to me it wasn't because of my play," Stanley said. "I was hurt and relieved at the same time. I knew I'd get another chance."
There would be multiple chances, as nearly every Original Six franchise was desperate for the type of defensive stability Stanley embodied.
He spent one season in Vancouver, the most offensively productive of his semi- or professional career. He had six goals and 30 assists. New York reacquired him at the end of that season but quickly dealt him to the Chicago Black Hawks. After two seasons in Chicago -- both postseason misses -- Stanley's carousel ride around the Original Six continued with the Boston Bruins.
The move was a homecoming of sorts for Stanley, who started through the professional ranks with the Boston Olympics -- the B's farm team -- in 1945-46. Stanley was also reunited with Patrick, now Boston's general manager.
Again, Stanley proved his worth, leading Boston to the Stanley Cup Final as their most valuable performer in 1957-58. Unfortunately, he again fell out of favor with his organization, as Boston deemed Stanley, at 32, too old to continue. That offseason, the Bruins dealt him to Toronto. There, Imlach had just introduced himself as coach with a promise to take the last-place Leafs to the playoffs in a season's time.
Despite many doubters, Toronto qualified in the last game of the season, thanks in large part to players like Stanley. Considered castoffs elsewhere in the League, Stanley and his cohorts were given new life under the eccentric Imlach. The coach paired the veteran Stanley alongside Horton, who had failed to produce consistently in six seasons in Toronto. Together, the pair flourished.
"Horton was my buddy. I roomed with Tim," Stanley later said. "We played together for most of 10 years. On the road, we were inseparable. It seemed like all the defensemen were pretty close, but Tim and I, wherever we went, we went together."
The pair, along with veteran goalie Johnny Bower, anchored Toronto's rise from cellar dweller to contender, as Toronto made the playoffs in Stanley's first three seasons in Maple Leaf Gardens.
In his fourth season, 1961-1962, Toronto roared into the playoffs, finishing second in the regular season. Stanley exacted a measure of revenge when the Leafs slayed the Rangers, 4-2, in the semifinal round, setting up a classic Final between Toronto and another former Stanley employer, the Black Hawks.
Led by the prolific Bobby Hull, the Black Hawks were the defending Stanley Cup champions. On his way to his second of three Art Ross trophies, Hull had set a team record with 50 goals and 84 points in 1961-62. But the "Golden Jet" would meet his match in "Snowshoes," who held him to a relatively slim four goals over the six-game series. With Horton periodically bombing forward or starting attacks from deep, Stanley was relied on to shore up the gaps in front of Bower.
The next season, Toronto finished at the top of the League and breezed through the playoffs once again. In the Final -- this time against Detroit and the legendary Gordie Howe -- the Leafs allowed just 10 goals in five games. Imlach made a point of playing the Stanley-Horton pair in any critical situation, creating a "balance" he said was vital to the Leafs' success.
"There's nothing unusual in the Leafs' success," Imlach told Sports Illustrated at the time. "We have balance. We have the best center in hockey in Dave Keon. We have the best old pro who ever played in Bower. And we work harder and practice longer than any of the other clubs."
Stanley continued to skate under the radar throughout the 1960s, criticized League-wide but providing invaluable positional play to an attacking Leafs side. Named to the 1966 Second All-Star team, it appeared Stanley's career would end on that high note when he later succumbed to a season-ending knee injury.
But it was not to be. With an average age of 31, the "Over the Hill Gang" added one final chapter to their legend in 1967. Stanley, the second-oldest at 41, skated in 66 games alongside his old buddy Horton.
To the end, Stanley was loyal to his team, though his teams were never very loyal to him. He was let go a season later, and, improbably, joined the freshly-minted Philadelphia Flyers for the 1968-69 season. Stanley had his finest season in years, scoring four goals and adding 13 assists.
That quartet of goals gave Stanley an even 100 for his career, to go along with 333 assists. In a career marked by volatility -- among teams, fans and media -- the career goals mark was a rare moment of continuity. Then again, in a career marked by consistent play on the ice regardless of what team Stanley played for, perhaps those moments of continuity weren't as rare as they seemed.
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