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Aileen Ball is the executive assistant to the Senior Vice Provost for Academic Affairs. She provides executive and administrative management in direct support of the vice provost and is the lead liaison and project manager for projects and strategic priorities originating from the Office of the Senior Vice Provost. She provides public relations assistance for the Senior Vice Provost, ensuring accurate and timely communications with diverse audiences.
Before joining the Office of the Provost in 2014, Aileen worked for KU Libraries in a variety of roles, most recently as the assistant and project manager for the Associate Deans. Aileen holds a bachelor's degree in Classics from Knox College and master's degrees from Indiana University in Classical Studies and Library Science.
Linda Bonebrake joined the staff in the Office of the Provost in October, 2010. As Assistant to the Provost, she oversees the Provost's calendar and correspondence, arranges travel, and coordinates events. Linda began her career at KU in 1998, where she served as Assistant to the Senior Vice Provost. In 2003, she became Assistant to the Dean of the School of Fine Arts and then served as Assistant to the Dean of the School of Music when Fine Arts was reorganized in 2009. Linda has a Bachelor's Degree in Communication Studies from the University of Kansas.
Jana Collins joined the staff in the Office of the Provost in September 2014. She is the assistant to Sara Rosen, Senior Vice Provost for Academic Affairs, and works closely with Abby Coffin and Aileen Ball on various projects for the Academic Affairs team. Jana began her career at KU in 2012, where she served as an Academic Advisor for the School of Education. Before coming to KU, she was employed as an Administrative Assistant in the finance industry in New York, NY for five years. Jana has a Bachelor's Degree in Music Education from Baker University and a Master's Degree in Higher Education Administration from the University of Kansas.
Emily is the assistant to Diane Goddard and Linda Luckey. She joined the staff in the Provost's Office in 2007 and previously worked in the College of Liberal Arts & Sciences Dean's Office since 2002. Before coming to KU she was a paralegal for an amusement park and also worked in a law office.
Received her Bachelors in Economics in 1977 from Southern Connecticut State University, New Haven, CT, and her MBA from the University of Kansas, Lawrence, KS in 1990.
Diane is currently the Vice Provost for Administration and Finance for the Lawrence Campus of the University of Kansas. Diane is strategically leading the implementation of Changing for Excellence which is a comprehensive transformational review of KU's administrative practices. She works closely with the Provost/Executive Vice Chancellor on fiscal strategies for the campus, particularly in relation to tuition and the research foundation. Her responsibilities as Vice Provost also include oversight of the campus fiscal and operational functions including the Budget office, Comptroller's Office, Purchasing Office, Human Resources, Information Technology, Facilities Services, Design and Construction Management, Capital Planning and Space Management, Public Safety Office, Environmental Health and Safety, Sustainability, Parking and Transit, and the KU Card Office.
Prior to becoming the Vice Provost for Finance in November 2008 she was the Associate Vice Provost/Comptroller for the Lawrence Campus of The University of Kansas. As Comptroller since 1998 her principal responsibility included maintaining institutional fiscal integrity and accountability. She has also served as Acting Budget Director, the Director of Purchasing and as Associate Comptroller at the University of Kansas. From 1984 – 1991 Diane was Associate Director at the Kansas Geological Survey.
Prior to coming to the University of Kansas she was the Chief Accountant/Controller at Yale University Health Services, New Haven, Connecticut. She also served as Business Manager for the Yale University Art Gallery in the early 1980's.
Laura joined the staff in the Office of the Provost in March, 2011, reporting to Vice Provost Mary Lee Hummert. As Coordinator for Faculty Development she coordinates faculty programs such as promotion and tenure, sabbatical, phased retirement, faculty leaves, and awards. Laura began her career at KU in 1992, where she served as an Academic User Services documentation and training specialist at the computer center. She also served as a Program Manager at the Natural History Museum. From 2000-2006 she was employed as a Program Manager at Sprint in Overland Park. Most recently she served as a Program Assistant at the Information and Telecommunication Technology Center in the Office of Technology Commercialization. Laura has a Bachelor's Degree in Communication Studies from the University of Kansas and a Master's Certificate from the George Washington University Project Management Institute.
William Hopkins is the Web Developer for the Office of the Provost and the Spencer Museum of Art.
Mary Lee Hummert (Ph.D., University of Kansas, 1987) is Vice Provost for Faculty Development, Professor of Communication Studies, and on the faculty of the interdisciplinary doctoral program in Gerontology. She joined the Provost's Office in September, 2006, and previously served as Associate Vice Provost for Research. Key responsibilities in her current position include administration of faculty programs and policies, such as new faculty orientation, the promotion and tenure process, sabbatical leave, etc. In addition, she coordinates development programs for department chairs/program directors and serves as the liaison in the Provost's office for the Ombuds Office, the College of Liberal Arts and Sciences, and the Schools of Business, Fine Arts, Journalism, Law, and Social Welfare. Dr. Hummert's research examines the social cognitive processes linking age stereotypes and communication. She has published extensively in communication, psychology, and gerontology journals, and is the co-editor of two books on communication and aging.
Linda Luckey assists the provost as chief of staff, monitoring strategic planning initiatives, day-to-day operations of the Office of the Provost, and coordinates special events for the provost. Since coming to KU in 1996 Linda served as Assistant to the Dean of the College of Liberal Arts and Sciences, Assistant to the Executive Vice Chancellor for University Relations, and Assistant to Provost. She was the founding director of the Center for Service Learning, is the advisor for KU Alternative Breaks, and teaches COMS 201: Introduction to Leadership. Before coming to KU, Linda was the Vice President for Business Affairs at the Chicago Theological Seminary, from which she holds a Master of Divinity Degree.
Jenny Mehmedovic is executive assistant to the vice provost for faculty development. Her responsibilities include coordinating academic leadership and faculty development efforts, including programming for Senior Administrative Fellows, developing discussion forums for department chairs, and coordination of peer mentoring groups for a variety of faculty audiences.
Before joining the Office of the Provost in 2008, she served for 6 years in the Office of the Vice Provost for Information Services as coordinator of information technology policy and planning, where she developed and educated users on information technology policy for the university community. Jenny has presented nationally on topics including information security, records management, and policy development, as well as leadership, ethics, organizational and professional development, effective teams, and working from your strengths. She provides professional facilitation upon request to groups engaged in strategic planning, team building, and process improvement. Jenny has also been employed at KU in the Office of Institutional Research and Planning, and has held an internal audit position with Sprint. Jenny is a member of the EDUCAUSE Connect 2015 Program Committee and served as a faculty member of the EDUCAUSE Management Institute from 2009-2012. A 2005 Frye Leadership Institute Fellow, Jenny has bachelor's degrees in anthropology and Spanish and a master's degree in business administration.
Sharon serves as the Business Manager for the areas of Provost Office; Faculty Development; and Diversity & Equity. In this role she manages the area budgets including State, Endowment and Research funds and advises the Vice Provosts on annual budgets.
She works closely with the Campus Administration and Operations Shared Service Center to ensure any management desired reports are accurate and timely. Sharon supervises the administrative support staff for the Provost Office and serves as the office manager dealing with the day-to-day operations. Prior to joining the KU family she worked for 13 years at Kansas State University.
Chris Stoppel is the executive associate to the Vice Provost for Administration & Finance. He provides executive and administrative management in direct support of the vice provost. Chris is the lead liaison and project manager for initiatives originating from the vice provost.
Before joining the Office of the Provost in 2014, Chris worked in the Budget Office as a budget analyst. He assisted academic unit budgeteers with their working budgets. He created university revenue and tuition projections. Chris coordinated KU's undergraduate orientation in New Student Orientation/Office of First-Year Experience from 2007-2013. He Chris was an Area Coordinator Senior in Residence Life & Dining Services at the University of Wyoming from 2005-2007. He worked for Ehrhardt Keefe Steiner & Hottman (EKS&H) in Denver as a staff account from 2002-2003. Chris has a bachelor's degree in accounting and business administration (2001) and a master's degree in accounting and information systems (2002) from KU. He also has a master's degree in higher education (2005) from Iowa State University.
Chris live in Lawrence with his wife, Meghan, and children, Oliver and Emily. He is big fan and advocate for all things Jayhawk.


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Sep 11
Posts: 74
hannahmay2011 says:
case study please answer; what type of cobs do yous alll prefer?
-the traditional gypsy cob black and white piebal skewbald,hairy feet etc.
-welsh cob section d..etc
or any other. what do you prefer and why?
'no hour of life is wasted,that is spent in the saddle'
-winston churchill.
Mar 11
Posts: 42
sunshine2020 says:
Its got to be gypsy cobs for me, the hairyer the better. I've got one called Blue.
Jan 12
Posts: 86
windinthemane says:
Irish cobs all the way! :) More feather the better! Don't like weshs as I think there too "showy" in their movemnet(prob going to be shot for that :p) I've the honour of loaning an 18year old irish cob that looks like it should be pulling a wagon and she will do anything. But if you don't really want to jump something or a bit nervous she won't come near it. She's so smart and even though she's 15hh and 18 years old we run ring around every body during mounted games in pony club.(everybody including the 15year olds on little 13hh 7year old ponies bought so the rider can ride at the pony club festival. :) )Ya hairy cobs rule!
It's ok if you give up as long as you come back later to try again.
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Waimea Scrabble meet-ups keep members mentally, socially active
Hasbro's game of Scrabble has been bringing people together for decades and each Friday it brings word-game enthusiasts together in Waimea.
In May 2010, Annabel Spielman organized a Scrabble group to meet once a week in the afternoon at Tutu's House in Waimea. Volunteer leader and retired elementary school teacher of 35 years, Gary Cassel remembers Spielman describing Scrabble as "yoga for the brain."
The aim of this group is to bring like-minded people together for a social activity that will stretch their brains to think and grow. Cassel said word games like Scrabble and crossword puzzles, along with the card game of bridge, help keep the brain firing on all cylinders as people age.
"We welcome all levels (of players) from advanced to beginners." Cassel said. "We can regulate the game to modify it to all abilities."
Through modifications, such as the use of an official electronic Scrabble dictionary, new members can check the spelling and validation of a word prior to playing a word. Cassel said there are a number of regulars and drop-ins each week. He also said the competition is fun and the members always learn something new from each other.
With the rise of online game play, Cassel and another member tried playing the popular game Words With Friends online, but each time they got ahead in the scoring their opponent would quit the game. Cassel and other members decided the old-fashioned way of playing Scrabble was a better way to go.
"I have no memory of when I first started," Cassel said. "I've always enjoyed games — word games in particular."
The Scrabble group members said they enjoy the Scrabble get-togethers because of the social aspect and encouraged others to join the group, which meets from 1 to 4 p.m. Fridays at Tutu's House, 64-1032 Mamalahoa Highway, Waimea. No experience with the game is needed; just show up and play.
For more information, contact Tutu's House at 885-6777 or email@example.com.


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An essential part of the Deaf and Hard of Hearing Services Unit, interpreting is provided in all classes in which deaf students are enrolled. Interpreting is also provided for doctor's appointments and extra curricular activities such as student council meetings, sporting events, and other evening activities. Interpreters may also serve as tutors for students in the various training programs. All interpreters and educational coaches are certified in ASL.
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jobs are scarce. But if you're lucky enough to land one, don't be
afraid to negotiate your paycheck. Once a hiring manager chooses
you from what is probably the largest pool of candidates she's ever
seen, you know you're a top candidate. In the current market, you
won't have the edge to ask for first-class air travel, but here's
a four-step process to improve your salary outcome.
Step 1: Don't disclose your pay requirements
during the interview process.
The first person to provide numbers establishes the range. If you
give a number first, the interviewer will either tell you you're
in the same ballpark as him, or you're too high.
If you ask for less than the interviewer was
considering, you'll probably get it -- and never find out you might
have earned more. So interviewers always want you to disclose your
requirements first. (Do not try to remedy this situation by giving
an unreasonably high number because then you will sound unreasonable.)
Your first line of defense is to say you'd like
to talk about salary once you have an offer. Still, a good interviewer
will persevere. So try asking the interviewer what HE would pay
someone for this job. Whatever number he gives, you can say, "That
will be a fine starting point." (You will ask for more later.)
Step 2: Get the whole offer in writing before
you ask for more.
Here's why (and you should remember this for when the tables are
turned): Let's say the job pays a salary and a performance bonus,
but you don't know about the bonus part. If you do not get a written
offer specifying the pay elements before you start negotiating,
then you might negotiate a higher base salary but lose a portion
of your bonus. That's because the bonus gives your hiring manager
some "wiggle room." She can take it off the table before
you know you're supposed to receive it. (Then she can report back
to her boss and say, "I saved us $5,000.") Get the full
offer in writing so you know what you have to work with during your
Once you have that written offer, ask for a
night to think about it and come back with a counter offer. Admittedly,
you may hate confrontation and feel you're a poor negotiator, but
you have nothing to lose and you're likely to get more money. Plus
you will get better at this each time you try. Remember, almost
no one loses a written offer because he asks for more money.
Step 3: Go home and form a plan.
To know what to ask for in negotiations, you MUST know the pay range
for your position. Check out salary surveys online and in trade
journals. Do not quote any numbers from surveys conducted earlier
than 2001. They are inflated. Get more recent information. Talk
with friends in similar jobs or recruiters who regularly fill this
type of position in your geographic region. Find the top of the
salary range and ask for that. Show the hiring manager your research
and remind her why you are worth the top of the range.
If you are fortunate enough to find out that
your offer already is in the high end of your salary range, then
propose taking on more responsibilities so you can ask for slightly
more pay. Suppose you are a marketing manager with a background
in technical writing. You can say that while most marketing managers
pass off technical writing in marketing documents to someone else,
you will handle this yourself. This entitles you to ask for slightly
Step 4: Know thyself.
Each person is compensated in different ways -- and not always monetarily.
For instance, if you love what you do, you may not mind earning
less than your neighbor with the same degree. Likewise, if you have
a shorter commute.
Friends can advise you, but you are the one
in the job, and you must decide if you want it, regardless of the
size of your paycheck. No salary survey can tell you that. Decide
what's important to you and what trade-offs you'll make pay-wise,
but be honest with yourself. Don't give up being paid more because
you hate negotiating. Self-knowledge, good negotiation skills --
and a little chutzpah -- will help ensure you earn what you deserve
starting with your next job.
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Balloons, tunes and barbeque are the main events at this year's biggest end of the summer bash. Tomorrow is the kick off for the annual event.
This morning WBKO got a preview of two of the balloons that will participate. Tomorrow night, Sept. 8, 2006, at 6 p.m. the balloon glow starts and organizers say they need volunteers.
It takes place Sept. 8 through Sept. 10, 2006, at the Bowling Green/Warren Co. Regional Airport. If you'd like to help call Prime Time Events at (270) 782-3660.
Click here to view the schedule to this weekend's events at Balloons, Tunes & BBQ.


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Heaton, Pamela C.*; Tundia, Namita L.*; Schmidt, Nicole†; Wigle, Patricia R.‡; Kelton, Christina M.L.§
*College of Pharmacy, University of Cincinnati
†Department of Surgery, Division of Transplantation, University of Cincinnati Medical Center
‡College of Pharmacy
§College of Business and College of Pharmacy, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH.
Address correspondence and reprint requests to Pamela C. Heaton, PhD, College of Pharmacy, University of Cincinnati, 3225 Eden Ave, Cincinnati, OH 45267-0004 (e-mail: firstname.lastname@example.com).
Supplemental digital content is available for this article. Direct URL citations appear in the printed text and are provided in the HTML and PDF versions of this article on the journal's Website (www.jpgn.org).
Received 7 March, 2011
Accepted 21 September, 2011
This project was supported in part by cooperative agreement number U18 HS016957-03 from the Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality for the Center for Education and Research on Therapeutics, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center. The content is solely the responsibility of the authors and does not necessarily represent the official views of the Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality.
An earlier version of the present study was presented as an unpublished poster at the Annual Meeting of the International Society for Pharmacoeconomics and Outcomes Research in Atlanta, GA, May 15–19, 2010.
The authors report no conflicts of interest.
Objectives: The objective of the present study was to quantify the national pediatric inpatient inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) burden in terms of the number of IBD-related hospitalizations, the number of days spent in the hospital, and hospitalization costs.
Methods: Hospitalizations for children and adolescents 20 years and younger with a primary diagnosis of either Crohn disease (CD) or ulcerative colitis (UC) were selected from the 2006 Kids' Inpatient Database (KID). Length of the hospital stay in days (LOS) and charges for the hospitalization were found directly in the Kids' Inpatient Database, and cost was calculated using the hospital's cost-to-charge ratio. Predictor variables included patient characteristics, such as age and severity of illness, and hospital characteristics. Ordinary-least-squares regressions were developed and estimated to explain hospitalization costs.
Results: In 2006, there were 10,777 IBD-related hospitalizations. The total and mean costs for CD were $66.3 million and $10,176 (95% confidence interval [CI] $9647–$10,705), and for UC were $48.6 million and $11,836 (95% CI $10,760-$12,912). For CD, 0- to 5-year-old patients had the highest mean LOS (8.10, 95% CI 5.53–10.67, days) and mean cost ($13,894, 95% CI $9053–$18,735), whereas, for UC, 11- to 15-year-old patients had the highest mean LOS (7.49, 95% CI 6.88–8.10, 95% CI 5.53–10.67, days) and mean cost ($13,407, 95% CI $11,704–$15,110).
Conclusions: For a pediatric disease with a rather low prevalence rate, the estimated annual inpatient pediatric burden of IBD is a sizeable $152.4 million (2010 US$) and 64,985 days spent in the hospital. As medications and outpatient treatments improve for the treatment of IBD, there is an opportunity for significant reduction in inpatient burden.
Comprehensive burden-of-illness studies, by quantifying the magnitude of the disease problem, guide the innovative efforts of medical and pharmaceutical companies and generate public interest in funding research efforts. They also provide a solid foundation for cost-effectiveness and comparative-effectiveness studies for new treatments versus established methods of care. Because the pediatric population represents a special subgroup of patients who often respond differently from adults to medical and pharmacotherapeutic regimens, estimating the costs borne by them and their parents or caregivers requires a dedicated effort with an appropriate research design and database. In the case of pediatric inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), which refers collectively to Crohn disease (CD) and ulcerative colitis (UC), the most burdensome aspect, at least in terms of direct cost, is hospitalization. Hospitalization may occur multiple times during the course of the illness and may involve various surgical procedures (1).
Two previous burden-of-illness studies that did not focus on children but included children with IBD, reported total costs, but they did not report inpatient costs separately (2,3). Bickston et al (4) reported mean inpatient costs for adolescents with UC but did not provide estimates for all of the adolescents with IBD nor did they provide estimates for younger children. Kappelman et al (5) estimated inpatient costs, along with outpatient and pharmaceutical costs, for both UC and CD and for both children and adults using a PharMetrics database (IMS Health, Danbury, CT). Although their study gave an overview of the pediatric cost of illness, there was little detail offered. First, the study did not stratify the pediatric population by age. Second, it did not determine the effect of other patient characteristics, hospital characteristics, or comorbidities. Finally, the database used in the study included only a small number of publicly insured children and, hence, could not speak to differences in outcomes across payer types. Moreover, the database in the Kappelman et al study could not be used to produce nationally representative estimates. The present study fills in the details left out by the earlier study, identifying important pediatric cost drivers through an in-depth analysis. Moreover, it provides a nationally representative estimate of the costs of pediatric CD and UC.
In the United States, the prevalence of CD and UC in children younger than 20 years is 43 and 28/100,000, respectively (6). In approximately 25% to 30% of patients with CD and 20% of patients with UC, symptoms are present before the age of 20 years (7), and 4% of pediatric IBD cases are diagnosed in children younger than 5 years (8). Children with IBD experience reduced quality of life because of their disease and associated depression and other psychological comorbidities (9). It is the goal of this research to estimate the total pediatric inpatient IBD burden in the United States. Using the 2006 Kids' Inpatient Database (KID), the objectives were to quantify the burden, both overall and stratified by patient and hospital characteristics, by determining the number of hospitalizations, the number of days spent in the hospital, and hospitalization costs. All of the estimates are reported for CD and UC separately because of their unique illness patterns.
The 2006 KID (the latest available version of KID at the time of writing) was used to examine the economic burden of IBD in hospitalized children and adolescents ages 20 years and younger. Developed by the Healthcare Cost and Utilization Project (HCUP), which was sponsored by the Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality, the 2006 KID includes data from 3739 hospitals in 38 states. Of this total, 11.0% of the hospitals were in the north east region of the country, 34.1% were in the midwest, 35.8% were in the south, and 19.0% were in the west (10). The KID is the only hospital administrative dataset designed specifically to evaluate the use of hospital services by newborns, children, and adolescents. As a result, the KID is ideal for studying specific conditions, procedures, and subpopulations that often cannot be assessed with other databases because of the relatively small proportion of hospital stays that include children. The KID generates national estimates through the use of a discharge weight variable, which is a multiplier applied to each discharge. Because the KID provides only charge data, costs were estimated using HCUP cost-to-charge ratios and analytical techniques outlined in Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality documentation.
According to the KID, there were a total of 7,558,812 pediatric hospitalizations in the United States in 2006. The mean cost was $4935 (95% confidence interval [CI] $4712–$5158), and mean length of hospital stay in days (LOS) was 3.67 (95% CI 3.59–3.75) days (11). The institutional review board at the University of Cincinnati determined that the KID data were exempt from review.
IBD-related hospitalizations were identified using International Classification of Disease-9 (ICD-9) codes recorded in the KID as the primary diagnosis. Specifically, the hospitalization was selected if the primary diagnosis was characterized by one of the following ICD-9 codes: 555.0, 555.1, 555.2, or 555.9 (regional enteritis of the small intestine, large intestine, small intestine with large intestine, or unspecified site, respectively); or 556.0, 556.1, 556.2, 556.3, 556.4, 556.5, 556.6, 556.8, or 556.9 (ulcerative chronic enterocolitis, ulcerative chronic ileocolitis, ulcerative chronic proctitis, ulcerative chronic proctosigmoiditis, pseudopolyposis of colon, left-sided ulcerative chronic colitis, universal ulcerative chronic colitis, other UC, or UC unspecified, respectively).
LOS and charges for the hospitalization were found in KID for each of the IBD-related hospitalizations. Hospitalization cost was found using the hospital's cost-to-charge ratio provided by HCUP.
Patient characteristics included age, sex, income, and health insurance coverage. We defined 4 age groups: children (0–5 years), youth (6–10 years), young adolescents (11–15 years), and older adolescents (16–20). Income was classified according to HCUP documentation for income quartiles for counties of residence: very low (<$38,000), low ($38,000–$46,999), high ($47,000–$61,999), and very high (≥$62,000). Primary health insurance coverage was classified as private, Medicaid, Medicare (children with end-stage renal disease are covered by Medicare), self-pay, no charge, and "other" (including Title V, CHAMPUS, CHAMPVA, and other government programs) for purposes of descriptive stratification (10). For the regression analyses, the latter 3 groups were considered together. Race was not included because data on race were missing for 9 of the 38 states included in the KID.
Hospital characteristics included teaching status, urban versus rural location, region, hospital bed count, and whether the hospital was a stand-alone children's hospital. A teaching hospital was defined as having an American Medical Association–approved residency program, by being a member of the Council of Teaching Hospitals and Health Systems, or by having a ratio of full-time equivalent interns and residents to beds of 0.25 or higher. HCUP documentation defined hospital location as either rural or urban using core-based statistical area (CBSA) codes from the 2000 census data. Hospitals residing in counties with a CBSA type of metropolitan were considered urban, whereas hospitals with a CBSA type of micropolitan or noncore were classified as rural (10). The hospital region was identified as northeast, midwest, south, or west. A hospital was classified as small if it was rural and had 1 to 49 beds, urban and nonteaching and had 1 to 99 beds, or urban and teaching with fewer than 300 beds. A hospital was considered medium size if it was rural and had 50 to 99 beds, urban and nonteaching with 100 to 199 beds, or urban and teaching with 300 to 499 beds. A large-size hospital could be rural with >99 beds, urban and nonteaching with >199 beds, or urban and teaching with >499 beds.
Severity of illness (minor, medium, major, or extreme) was captured from the fourth digit of the hospitalization's All Patient Refined-Drug-related Groups (APR-DRG) code (12). The DRG system was developed for Medicare as part of a prospective payment system to classify hospital cases into 1 of approximately 500 groups expected to have similar hospital resource use. The APR-DRG is a refinement of the system that accounts as well for severity of illness (minor, moderate, major, or extreme) and risk of mortality (minor, moderate, major, or extreme). APR-DRGs were found by RAND Health to explain substantially more variation in hospital cost than other DRG classification systems (13).
The comorbidities experienced by patients hospitalized for IBD were identified using comorbidity software developed by HCUP (14). The number of diagnoses, DRGs, and ICD-9 codes were used to create 29 comorbidity measures (15). Visits during which surgery was performed were also identified by procedure code. The online-only appendix (http://links.lww.com/MPG/A72) lists specific bowel resection surgeries and their associated procedure codes.
The total pediatric inpatient burden of IBD (and CD and UC, separately), in terms of the number of IBD-related hospitalizations, the total number of days hospitalized, and cost of hospitalizations, was calculated taking into account the complex weighting and sample design of the KID. Mean LOS and cost were calculated for all of the IBD discharges, categorized by hospital characteristics, comorbidities, and other patient characteristics. We computed 95% CIs to capture the degree of variability around the national estimates of mean LOS and cost. No statistical comparisons were made across subpopulations. An ordinary least-squares regression model was developed and estimated to explain hospitalization cost. The dependent variable was log transformed cost. The decision to include LOS as an explanatory variable was made after preliminary analysis of its statistical relation to the other independent variables. The log transformation was necessary to ensure the validity of the error-term normality assumption. Statistical significance was evaluated at the 5% level. After inspection of all of the between-variable estimated correlation coefficients, we determined that multicollinearity was not a problem. Because of the large number of regressors, we included only their main effects in the model. We did not investigate the effects of potential interactions. We used SAS software (version 9.1, SAS Institute Inc, Cary, NC) for all of the analyses, specifically using the survey procedures available in SAS that take account of the sampling design of KID.
In 2006, there were 10,777 IBD-related pediatric hospital visits, of which 6599 were CD related and 4178 were UC related (Table 1). For CD and UC, respectively, there were 37,175 and 27,810 days spent in the hospital; mean LOS was 5.63 (95% CI 5.41–5.85) days and 6.66 (95% CI 6.27–7.05) days, respectively, greater than the mean LOS for all types of discharges (3.67 days). The total and mean costs for CD- and UC-related visits were $66.3 million and $10,176 (95% CI $9647–$10,705), and $48.6 million and $11,836 (95% CI $10,760–$12,912), respectively. Using the Hospital Inpatient Services Consumer Price Index, the total IBD-related inpatient cost was inflated to 2010 dollars and equaled US$152.4 million (16).
Table 2 breaks down the IBD-related hospitalizations by patient and hospital characteristics. For each subgroup of visits, mean LOS and cost were calculated for CD and UC separately and together. Older adolescents, ages 16 to 20 years, had the highest number of both CD- and UC-related hospitalizations. For CD-related hospitalizations, 0- to 5-year-old patients had the highest mean LOS (8.10, 95% CI 5.53–10.67, days) and mean cost ($13,894, 95% CI $9053–$18,735), whereas, for UC-related visits, 11- to 15-year-old patients had the highest mean LOS (7.49, 95% CI 6.88–8.10, days) and mean cost ($13,407, 95% CI $11,704–$15,110) across the age groups. The percentages of hospitalizations accounted for by girls and boys were almost identical. A slightly higher percentage (50.6% vs 48.6%) of CD-related hospitalizations was experienced by boys, whereas the opposite was true for UC-related visits. Of all of the IBD-related visits, 67% were visits for patients with private insurance; however, Medicaid patients had a slightly higher mean LOS (6.35, 95% CI 5.98–6.72, days) and mean cost ($11,103, 95% CI $10,072–$12,134) than patients with private insurance. Some regional variation in cost was evident. For both CD- and UC-related hospitalizations, mean cost was higher in the west and northeast regions relative to the south and midwest. Our analysis showed that in 13.7% of CD-related visits and 11.3% of UC-related visits, surgery was performed. Surgery during the visit increased mean LOS by about 4 days and essentially doubled the cost. The number of IBD-related visits and visit-related costs were seen to increase with level of income. If the IBD-related visit was in a teaching hospital, the LOS was at least 2 days longer and cost at least $3000 more compared with a nonteaching hospital. Only 18.2% of IBD-related discharges were from stand-alone pediatric hospitals. The mean LOS and costs for patients in pediatric hospitals were 6.88 (95% CI 6.08–7.68) days and $13,858 (95% CI $11,861–$15,855), respectively, higher than those in general hospitals (5.82, 95% CI 5.62–6.02, days, and $10,183, 95% CI $9552–$10,814, respectively).
Regression results are presented in Table 3. An additional day in the hospital is estimated to increase costs $773 (P < 0.01) for a CD-related hospitalization and $633 (P < 0.01) for a UC-related visit. Age was not a significant predictor of cost for CD-related visits, but it was for UC-related visits in which patients in the 11- to 15-year-old age group cost $669 (P < 0.01) more than older patients, the reference group. Surgery was found to be greatly predictive of both CD- and UC-related hospitalization costs. If the patient had surgery, then the hospitalization costs for CD increased by $4655 (P < 0.01) and for a UC-related visit increased by $7693 (P < 0.01). Severity of illness affected the cost of the hospitalization. Compared with children with extreme severity, children with minor or moderate severity had statistically significant (P < 0.01) lower costs. This result held for both CD and UC.
Comorbidities that significantly increased the hospitalization cost of CD-related visits were alcohol abuse ($18,165, P < 0.01), coagulopathy ($10,837, P < 0.01), peptic ulcer disease and bleeding ($7470, P < 0.01), and valvular disease ($7890, P < 0.01). UC-related visit costs were significantly increased by liver disease ($3700, P < 0.01) and paralytic ileus ($16,562, P < 0.01).
Whereas our study estimated the national pediatric inpatient burden of IBD, previous studies have estimated total burden for both adults and children using the National Inpatient Sample (17,18). Nguyen et al (17) estimated that in 2004, CD accounted for 335,962 days in the hospital, with charges amounting to $1.33 billion. Comparing these figures to our results (for 2006) in Table 1 (37,175 days and charges of $168.7 million) suggests that the pediatric inpatient burden is approximately 10% of the total. A similar result holds for UC. The Nguyen et al totals of 237,523 days and charges of $945 million (17) are about 10 (less for the charges) times higher than the 27,810 days and $124.0 million estimated in the present study. In a separate study, Nguyen and Steinhart (18) looked specifically at differences between charges and admissions between high-IBD-volume admission centers and those hospitals not so classified.
The present study estimated mean pediatric inpatient costs of $10,176 (2006 US dollars) and $11,836 (2006 US dollars) for CD and UC, respectively. Kappelman et al (5) reported that in 2004, the average annual direct health care costs for children with CD and with UC were $9555 and $10,063, respectively. For comparison purposes, we inflated these costs to 2006 dollars, resulting in average costs of $10,807 (2006 US dollars) for CD and $11,381 (2006 US dollars) for UC. These figures are consistent with the results from the present study. Whereas the Kappelman et al study included approximately $3000 of annual outpatient and pharmaceutical costs (that our study did not include), it had subtracted approximately $3000 of control-patient costs, called for by their study design (but not by ours). Bickston et al (4), however, estimated the direct health care costs related to UC and reported that the average inpatient visit for an adolescent costs $15,025 (2005 US dollars). Our estimate of $13,407 (2006 US dollars) for an UC-related visit for an 11- to 15-year-old patient was somewhat lower.
The frequency and mean cost of hospitalizations for both CD and UC were highest for children in the highest-income quartile of households in 2006, a finding that is consistent with previous studies that have found increased incidence of IBD among individuals with higher socioeconomic status (19–21). It is possible that better access to care and more reporting of symptoms to physicians by higher-income parents led to earlier IBD diagnosis and course of treatment. Similar to results from previous studies, we found that more than half of the IBD-related visits were made by children covered by private insurance (4,22); however, slightly longer stays and higher costs were found for patients with Medicaid (19,23). Although one explanation may be that Medicaid patients are more severely ill, it is also possible that physicians choose to keep Medicaid patients in the hospital longer either because of the lack of access to outpatient health care or the inability of patients and families to coordinate such outpatient care. The longer hospital stays and higher costs associated with teaching (vs nonteaching) and children's (vs not children's) hospitals are not unexpected given the different patient populations. The sicker patients are more likely to be treated in tertiary pediatric centers as opposed to small, private community hospitals.
Presently available medications are crucial for managing pediatric IBD, and the expectation is that emerging pharmacotherapies may decrease the number of hospitalizations resulting from relapses and subsequent necessary surgeries (24,25). Aminosalicylates are used to extend remission periods. Immunosuppressants, such as azathioprine or methotrexate, have been used successfully to maintain remission in patients with CD. By controlling symptoms and maintaining remission, these immunosuppressant medications can delay or decrease the need for surgical intervention (26). Infliximab, an antitumor necrosis factor-α therapy, became available in the late 1990s. This medication has been shown to reduce hospitalizations and surgeries (25), although it may add to the overall cost of the disease (27). Its use, however, was not approved for children until May 2006, and the results from the major pediatric randomized controlled trial (REACH) were published in March 2007 (28). Although there may have been some off-label usage by children in our study, it is unlikely that many children in the 2006 KID database were exposed.
Differences between CD and UC were apparent in the results from the regression analyses developed and estimated to predict cost of hospitalization across IBD-related hospitalizations. Alcohol abuse, which is known to cause symptom flare-ups in patients with CD (29), increased the cost of a CD-related hospitalization by $18,165 (P < 0.01); the same was not true for a UC-related hospital visit, consistent with previous research that reported decreased risk of UC with alcohol (30,31). Other costly comorbidities associated with CD (P < 0.01) were peptic ulcer disease, valvular disease, and coagulopathy, an extraintestinal complication. For UC, liver disease and paralytic ileus were observed to be significant contributors to hospitalization costs. An uncommon but costly extraintestinal manifestation was pulmonary circulation disease, most likely the result of venous thromboembolism.
The present study has 3 major limitations, along with a number of minor ones related to the nature of the database. Most important, the KID is not a patient-level, longitudinal database. It is not possible to determine whether an individual child underwent a single or multiple hospitalizations in 2006. Moreover, patients cannot be followed through time the way they can be using a claims database to track the course of either their disease or their treatment. Second, there is no coding for IBD severity in the database. The fourth digit of the APR-DRG code attempts to control for severity of illness, but is related more to the number of comorbidities than IBD itself. Third, changes in the treatment of IBD since 2006 mean that the results may not be representative of the present hospitalization frequencies and costs. With the increasing use of biologics during the last 5 years, it is possible that hospitalizations and hospitalization costs have decreased. Future research will be able to capture changes since 2006.
In >25% of the visits, race was not reported and, therefore, could not be included as a variable in the analysis. The KID accounts for only direct inpatient costs. The direct health care costs of other health care services, such as ambulatory and emergency department services and outpatient medications, were not measured, and indirect costs were not included. The KID database is subject to misclassification errors, both inclusion of false-positives and missing IBD cases, although analyses from HCUP suggest substantial validity of the ICD-9 coding in KID (32). Moreover, the comorbidity software may allow for misclassification of in-hospital complications in the comorbidity measures. Despite these limitations, however, the KID is a multipayer data source that can be used to generate national estimates; hence, it provides results that are of widespread general interest.
For a pediatric disease with a rather low prevalence rate of 0.071%, the estimated annual inpatient pediatric burden of IBD is a sizeable $152.4 million (2010 US dollars) and 64,985 days spent in the hospital. Compared with the average length of stay across all of the pediatric hospitalizations (3.67 days) and the average cost ($4732 in 2006 US dollars), IBD resulted in substantially longer average stays of 6.03 days and more costly stays (on average, $10,817 in 2006 US dollars). Hospital costs are significantly affected by income, severity of illness, and various comorbidities that differed in effect depending on whether the hospitalization was for CD or for UC.
We are grateful to Alison Sampson for writing and editorial assistance and to Ned Berry, who graciously answered questions about database analysis throughout the project. The comments from 2 anonymous referees were invaluable in improving the manuscript.
This article has been cited 2 time(s).
Crohn disease; inflammatory bowel disease; Kids' Inpatient Database; national burden of illness; ulcerative colitis
Copyright 2012 by ESPGHAN and NASPGHAN
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Nov 19, 2010 9:32 AM
We get a little sad when we realize our children won't understand the reference their crazy mom is making in 15 years when we're dancing around in our bathrobes singing about "shaking it like a Polaroid picture." (You know we're going to be those kind of moms, right?) Luckily, the instant gratification of Polaroid technology is still alive and well, albeit a bit updated. The Polaroid PoGo Instant Digital Camera ($175) has some crazy voodoo goin' on inside of it because it prints your pictures right out of the camera. Perfect for a little paparazzo in training... and it has us thinking twice about possibility of being instantly immortalized dancing around in our robes.
If you've got a product or service that you'd like to promote on Outblush, click here to find out about our advertising opportunities.
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College Hockey:Reed's OT Goal Leads Ohio State to Upset Bemidji State
Heeter Stops 20
GRAND FORKS, N.D. — Unranked Ohio State cooled off red hot Bemidji State with a 2-1 overtime win at the Subway Holiday Classic at Ralph Engelstad Arena.
Kyle Reed's goal 48 seconds into overtime gave the Buckeyes an upset victory the day after the No. 6 Beavers shocked No. 1 Miami. OSU came off a 4-1 loss the night before to No. 4 North Dakota.
"We end up scoring three goals all weekend and we come away with one win," said OSU coach John Markell. "You have to learn how to win games like that against very good hockey clubs. I think our guys stayed with it."
BSU's Matt Read had a golden chance short-handed 31 seconds into overtime. All alone in front of the net, OSU sophomore goalie Cal Heeter got across the crease and stopped Read's shot.
Seventeen seconds later, OSU's Reed, a junior from Calgary, Alberta, succeeded after several attempts in knocking the puck up and over the outstretched pad of BSU freshman goalie Mathieu Dugas to end the Buckeyes' three-game losing streak.
"I haven't scored in a long time since I've been back from injury," Reed said. "It's a big win for the team. I think it's actually a turnaround for our season. The boys played hard and today's a big one for us."
"We got the last bounce last night and they got the last bounce tonight," said BSU coach Tom Serratore.
Markell noted that the Buckeyes had the shortest rest of any team in the tournament after playing Friday night and then Saturday afternoon. He was proud of how his team responded.
"It was a good game; tight," he said. "I thought maybe we were a little tired at first, and they were a little tired at the end, but it was a hard-fought game."
In a sparsely attended late afternoon game, BSU jumped out to a 1-0 lead in the first period at 17:29. Just as they did in their upset against the RedHawks on Friday, the Beavers' fourth line struck for the game's opening goal.
From deep in the left corner, sophomore forward Darcy Findlay whipped a pass to freshman center Aaron McLeod coming down the slot unattended. McLeod fired the puck past Heeter for a 1-0 lead.
The Buckeyes best chance of the opening stanza came when Zac Dalpe, their leading scorer, had a clean breakaway, but was stoned by Dugas, who made his fourth start of the season and suffered his first loss.
The Beavers had their chances, too. Read just missed connecting with linemate Ian Lowe for what would have been an easy tip-in. BSU forward Ryan Cramer hit the pipe on a scoring chance in front of the crease.
In the second period, both goalies turned back quality scoring opportunities. However, it was the Buckeyes who took advantage of Heeter's play to even the score at the 17:39 mark.
Leading an OSU rush down the right side, defenseman Devon Krogh put a shot on goal from the right circle. Junior forward Ian Boots crashed the net in put in the rebound off Dugas' pad save to knot the score 1-1.
A cross-checking penalty on BSU's Chris McKelvie with 1:15 left in regulation opened the door for the Buckeyes, but they went 0-7 on the power play for the tournament and couldn't capitalize on the man advantage.
Seventeen seconds after Heeter stopped Read short-handed and time expired on the BSU penalty, OSU center John Albert threw the puck on goal from the right corner. The shot seemed to surprise Dugas, who did the splits to keep the puck from going in the near post, but he couldn't corral it as it lay near his skate against the post.
Reed took several whacks at it before he finally succeeded in chipping the puck and over Dugas' pad for the game winner.
"I thought I was going to get hit hard there," Reed said. "The puck just stayed there on the pad. I just kept banging and banging until it went in."
"It's nice to get a little payback for your hard work," Markell smiled.
Serratore said it was difficult for the Beavers to get fired up after the big win over Miami the day before.
"It was a game that had no emotion, no intensity," he said. "Quite honestly, I was hoping to get out of there with a tie. Those are tough games to coach and a difficult game to watch."
In the end, Serratore admitted that his team didn't play well.
"We had a boatload of turnovers; we didn't manage the puck very well," he said. "I hope that's out of our system because you're not going to win games playing that way."
BSU, 11-2-1 overall and 6-0-0 in College Hockey America play, returns to conference play at Niagara Dec. 4-5. OSU improves to 7-9-1 overall and is 4-5-1-1 in the CCHA. The Buckeyes next host Michigan Dec. 4-5.
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Physicist Brian Cox had a bit of fun on Colbert a few nights back*. At Stephen Colbert's prompting he mentions the nonsense about time travel and the Higgs boson, (which I decided not to blog since it was so frustratingly idiotic and had no business in, for example the science section of a national newspaper not the least because it just serves to confuse readers with even more nonsense about the Large Hadron Collider (LHC) than they already have been) and then has a blast (it seems) discussing the importance of Special Relativity, , and why you should care, which is the subject of his new book with Jeff Forshaw.
Unfortunately he seems, at one point, to fall into the usual (high-horsed physicist) pattern of dismissing another legitimate science endeavour (food science in this case) as not science, but I'll give him the benefit of the doubt and assume it was just a joke made in the heat of the moment. He's too smart and likeable a guy, (and a very good public spokesperson for science education by all accounts and past appearances), to be quite so dismissive. Riffing fast and furious with Colbert will no doubt sometimes produce such slips.
By the way (and Brian does not get this wrong, but does not get the chance to say it, and I'm sure he knows it) people often get left with the impression from press releases about the LHC (see related posts below for lots of LHC background) and other popular discussions of particle physics that because the Higgs particle gives mass to all the massive elementary particles we know (an amazing thing to learn more about if we can, and that is the main point of the LHC!), that somehow this is responsible for the mass that we measure of everyday things, like a coffee mug, or the mass you measure on the scales in the bathroom. This is not really the case. The Higgs business accounts for only a tiny amount of the mass of everyday things. Most of the mass of everyday objects can be traced to the fact that the elementary particles bind together to make the big everyday stuff. When things bind together, it takes energy to defeat the force (nuclear or other) that binds them together (imagine pulling apart two objects you glued together). By , yes that famous equation, that binding energy is detectable as a mass. That's mostly what you see on your scales. It does not mean that the Higgs particle – and learning more about how it gives the elementary particles their specific properties – is not important, but it is important to understand what people mean when they say we are understanding "where mass comes from" and other such phrases that are bandied about in connection with the LHC. It is not as direct as all that. Remember that when Stephen makes the joke about the weight loss program. You'd lose some mass, but it would be about as effective as most weight loss programs on the market, which is to say that your money would be better spent on just ignoring the program and getting more exercise…
Ok, anyway, here's the Brian Cox clip. Enjoy!
|The Colbert Report
|Mon – Thurs 11:30pm / 10:30c
|Brian Cox
*Thanks T and T.
On this day on Asymptotia...
- Building... - 2014
- Midterm Matters - 2010
- Promises, Promises - 2006
- God's Final Message? - 2006
Some Related Asymptotia Posts (not exhaustive):
- LHC Update
- Science and Space on Mayo
- LHC News
- Tales From The Industry XXVIII - Angels, Demons, and Antimatter
- John Oliver at the LHC
- Particle Physics on TV Tonight
- Physics Can Change the World!
- LHC Report
- Lyn Evans on the LHC repairs
- Brian on the LHC
- Colbert Report: Science - What's the Big Deal?
- Pauli's Other Principle
- Inside the LHC!
- Phil at LHC
- Simple Steps to Becoming an Astrophysicist
- Randall on Colbert
- Happy Higgs Hunters
- LHC Podcasts: Science Meets Science Fiction
- LHC Coverage
- Small Things Considered
- NPR goes to LHC
- Will People Please Stop Saying God Particle?
- A Promising Sign?
- Dawkins on Colbert Report
- SEA On Colbert Report


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The mission of the Boston Celtics Shamrock Foundation is to extend the reach of the Celtics championship legacy into our community. The Shamrock Foundation benefits our children directly, through programs that provide education & support. The Shamrock Foundation also partners with community based organizations that provide healthcare, shelter & vital services for children in need.
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Pinnacle Adult Care Inc, located in Houston, Texas provides the following services: In-Home Care: Adult Day Care. Pinnacle Adult Care Inc has a very good hospital, Houston Va Medical Center, located nearby, which scored a 94 out of 100 in its most recent Medicare review. The Pinnacle Adult Care Inc's nearest hospital is 1 miles away. The zipcode (77021) in Texas, where Pinnacle Adult Care Inc is located, has a below average safety rating based on recent crime statistics.
Pinnacle Adult Care Inc is an adult day care facility. It usually includes social services and programs for seniors. Some provide Alzheimer's day care and others may provide adult day health care. This is a daytime program designed to engage seniors with health or other social need during the day. Typically this would be a place where the senior would be able to receive care if they are physically, mentally, or functionally impaired. Adult day care facilities often provide stimulating activities, companionship or simply supervision, if necessary.
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Download The Newton Creek Song video
Download The Newton Creek Song video on savevid.com
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Steve Burns (+ The Struggle)'s "Deep Sea Recovery Efforts" EP! The second track, The Newton Creek Song.
Originally supposed to be released in the Summer of 2009, it just seemed to vanish from existence before it was ever officially released. Here is a combination of two torrent downloads of the EP (I downloaded two versions of the EP because the tracks were different on both torrents) and combined them into one.
Written by: Steve Burns
Preformed by: Steve Burns + The Struggle
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All things Mother Earth Living
by Robyn Griggs Lawrence, Editor at Large
holiday, holidays, Christmas, simplify
The countdown begins…we're 12 days away from the holiday that brings both joy and stress to those who celebrate it. At Natural Home, we've been seeking and sharing ways to simplify this season, which can wreak havoc on both people and the planet, for more than a decade. Here are 12 great ways to make your Christmas bright, beautiful and benign.
1. Seek out gifts that are minimally packaged, don't require batteries, are recyclable and locally made.
2. When buying gifts, ask yourself if the potential recipient really needs it and where it will go when it's thrown away.
Buys gifts that are recycled or locally made, such as these reclaimed wood picture frames from Wood from the Hood.
3. Give gifts that won't produce waste: concert tickets, museum or gym memberships, charitable donations.
4. Save wrapping paper and ribbon to use again.
5. Wrap gifts in newspaper, which is recyclable, or fabric, which is reusable. Old scarves and men's ties make excellent ribbons. (For great gift-wrapping ideas, see the articles Green Gift Wrap and Try This: Do-It-Yourself Wrapping.
6. Buy or make reusable gift bags.
Give gifts wrapped in recycled paper or placed in reusable gift bags.
7. Download Gift Exemption Vouchers from www.adbusters.org. In return for letting recipients off the gift-giving hook, agree to spend time together.
8. Make wreaths and swags from items in your own backyard (evergreen branches, pinecones, nuts, holly).
9. Instead of hosting a lavish dinner, invite friends and family for brunch or dessert.
10. Send cards to only half your list. Finish the task next year. (Better yet, send e-cards.)
11. When buying presents online, avoid overnight delivery. Using ground delivery is probably the single biggest thing you can do to lessen the impact of online shopping. Combine orders, and have gifts sent to your workplace, where UPS, FedEx and the U.S. Postal Service are probably already stopping by.
12. Replace old-fashioned, energy-thirsty string lights with ultra-efficient LEDs.
And finally, I urge you to read Bill McKibben's "Hundred Dollar Holiday'. I aim for this goal—of spending only $100 on Christmas—every year. I've yet to make it, but it sure is fun to try. Happy holidays!
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Several pastors, ministers and laymen of Phillips County completed the first of what are planned to be many classes for the area. Through a program called "The Delta Connection," The Southern Baptist Convention has launched classes to enhance education and training levels for those in the field of ministry. The first 8-week class was "Systematic Theology" which covered Old and New Testament teachings. SBC area representatives and coordinators are listed as follows: Dr. Robbie Tingle – team leader of Ministry Missions, Rev. Tim Wicker – group leader for Church Planting, Rev. Willie Jacobs – Urban Church Planting strategist, Rev. Robert Fielding – group leader Missions Mobilization, Rev. Joe Gardner, association missionary. Participants in the class that received certificates of completion included: Deacon L.T. Sims, Rev. Jarvis Smith, Rev. Vincent Bell, Rev. Leroy Carter III, Rev. Kenion Williams, Rev. Mac Williams, Rev. Albert Staples, Rev. Randy Williams, Rev. JaSean Smith, Rev. William Watson, Rev. Earnest Womack Jr., Rev. Anthony Banks, Rev. Michael Larkin, Rev. Markus Thomas, Rev. Clayton Homewood, Rev. Jared Schindler, Rev Amos Newell and Rev. Cedric Pride.
Location, ST | website.com


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Dec. 14, 2010
Arizona defensive tackle Justin Washington of Cypress, Texas, was named to the first-team Freshman All-America team by both The Sporting News and CollegeFootballNews today, one of four Pac-10 players cited by both.
Washington joined Robert Woods of USC and Marquess Wilson of Washington State, along with defensive tackle Junior Onyeali of ASU in citations by the organizations. The Sporting News names one team and the foursome all were first-team picks by CFN, which names a second-team along with honorable mention.
Then-freshman punter Keenyn Crier was the last first-team frosh All-American at UA along with tight end Rob Gronkowski in 2007. Running back Keola Antolin was an honorable mention pick in 2008.
Washington, a redshirt freshman, took over a starting role on the inside in UA's second game this year and started nine of the 12 games, missing two other starts later with an injury. He finished with an inside-best 45 tackles including 10.5 for losses and six sacks, plus blocked a kick.
Washington and his teammates will travel to San Antonio at the end of next week for final preparations for the Valero Alamo Bowl Dec. 29 in the Alamodome. The Wildcats (7-5) will be the home team in the bowl against Oklahoma State (10-2) in a match of high-powered offenses.
Arizona enters the bowl season with the nation's No. 23 total offense while the Cowboys tout the top figure in the FBS. UA's defense is rated No. 37 while OSU brings the 90th-rated unit to the contest.
In other football news today, junior receiver Juron Criner was named a second-team All-American by SI.com, his third citation to go with second-team honors from cbssports.com and a third-team citation from rivals.com. Washington also earned a second-team All-Freshman honor from Phil Steele Publications.
Tickets for the bowl game may be purchased online here. The Cats will depart Tucson on Christmas Eve after several more practice sessions in Tucson. The bowl appearance is UA's third straight, matching the school's best previous streak from 1992-94.


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Synonyms for vaccines
This thesaurus page is about all possible synonyms, equivalent, same meaning and similar words for the term vaccines
PPDB, the paraphrase database
List of paraphrases:
vaccine, vaccinations, immunizations, shots, vaccination, serums, immunization
Find a translation for the vaccines synonym in other languages:
Select another language:
Discuss these vaccines synonyms with the community:
Use the citation below to add these synonyms to your bibliography:
"vaccines." Synonyms.net. STANDS4 LLC, 2016. Web. 28 Jun 2016. <http://www.synonyms.net/synonym/vaccines>.


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A couple months ago, I had the opportunity to sit down and talk with host Jillian Leff from Quarter Life Conversations, a new blog started by 3 women (Alex Devlin, Tina Densmore, and Liza Nedelman) that offers 20-somethings a place to go and get inspired about every aspect of life, including your career, relationships, health and a LOT more. My particular video series is about how I started Penny Chic and some of the struggles and tactics I used to motivate myself to follow my dreams. Watch and tell me what you think!
Part 1: The Look For Less
Part 2: Can You Have It All?


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Desert Isle Keeper Review
A Regency Christmas II
Mary Jo Putney, Anita Mills, Mary Balogh, Carla Kelly and Sheila Walsh
1990, Regency Romance
Signet, $4.50, 352 pages, Amazon ASIN 0451167910
Sunshine for Christmas by Mary Jo Putney is the first story in this volume, and what an opening it provides! It begins in November, with Lord Randolph Lennox being depressed by the constant London rain. On a whim, he decides to visit Italy over Christmas and takes the next ship bound to Naples. On arriving in Naples, he has some problems landing on his feet. In a ticklish situation, Miss Elizabeth Walker rescues him. She is a governess who has been teaching in Italy for the last few years, and is enjoying a short holiday in Naples before taking up her next post. Randolph invites Elizabeth for lunch, and then asks her to be his guide during further excursions, to which she agrees. Because they are both outside their normal social situation and restrictions (and because they are both no longer in their first youth), they can spend time together and get to know each other without any external pressure.
This is a wholly character-driven romance. Lord Randolph has the looks and elegance of an angel, and Elizabeth appears the usual drab governess with glasses and a sense of humor, but both have a depth to them that characters in stories are rarely granted. I like the maturity of both characters, the respect they have for each other, their honesty and the wonder they are still able to feel.
In The Last Wish by Anita Mills, a rich old man lies dying. As both of his sons died years earlier, its his nephews who assemble at his deathbed. One is a dandy, his brother is an unremarkable man, but both are gamblers and deeply in debt. The third nephew is Andrew Carstairs, Viscount Swynford, an independently wealthy corinthian and Sir Johns favorite. All three are shocked by the unexpected arrival of Miss Maria Jeffries with her little niece Rebecca in tow. Rebecca is Sir Johns granddaughter, the only offspring from his younger sons mesalliance with a governess. As he always burned all his sons letters and never read Marias letter announcing that she was taking Rebecca to live with him, he doesnt even know of his granddaughters existence.
What develops now is a house party of sorts: Maria worries about Rebeccas future, while the nephews are concerned about their finances, but instead of harping at each other, the characters forge a wary truce and settle to celebrate Christmas together. The wonder of this story comes from the way in which this disparate set of people does manage to find kindness and love, at least for a few days. Its a very heart-warming story, in a muted manner, and I liked it a lot.
In Mary Baloghs Playing House (which was later reissued in Under the Mistletoe), the Marquess of Bedford returns to the country seat on which he grew up for Christmas, accompanied by his four-year-old daughter. Last time he was there, he was still Lord Stephen West, carefree younger son, and in love with the vicars daughter, Lilias Angove. But then his brother and father died in quick succession, Stephen found himself married for his title, and it is only after his wifes death that he has reclaimed his daughter. He feels deeply embittered, and his distrust that everyone tries to sponge on him is further enforced by the fact that his first visitor is Lilias, who asks him for a goose and Christmas presents for her siblings. Lilias wants to make this Christmas special, because in the new year she must take up a position as a governess and her siblings must go to live with relatives, due to the familys poverty.
The contrast between Philips wealth and Liliass poverty is extreme, as is that between his suspicious and her generous nature. In the latter instance, I would have preferred characters less black-and-white, but have to admit it works here. What I really liked about this story is the interaction between Stephen and his small daughter Dora, and that of Dora and the Angove family. So although this is not my favorite Mary Balogh Christmas story, it is still a nice read.
The Three Kings by Carla Kelly is a road romance set entirely in Spain. Lady Sarah Comstock is stranded there after coming to Salamanca with her scholar brother to transcribe a diary of Christopher Columbus. Her brother James insisted on staying after the British army left to finish the transcription, but then he was accidentally killed by the French. The French general gives Sarah a safe-conduct and an old horse, and she is determined to travel across Spain and back to England to salvage Jamess legacy: the translation. Very soon she comes across a small contingent of British soldiers, but they cannot look after her and instead entrust her to a Spanish soldier, Colonel Luis Sotomayor, who is also traveling towards Ciudad Rodrigo. They are attacked during the night, and the colonel saves Sarahs life. Then they ride through a deserted landscape, encounter victims of the war and ordinary people who try to hold on to their Christmas traditions in spite of the war going on around them.
Both Sarah and Luis are multi-dimensional characters. Due to the extremity of their situation, they get to know each other very quickly. They fall in trust and tenderness rather than lust, but in my eyes this is entirely in keeping with the setting. There are several angles on the Christmas story in this tale, which makes it a highly satisfying read both romantically and spiritually.
The Christmas Star by Sheila Walsh is a Cinderella story with a mystery twist. Louise Beresford, from a good, if impoverished family, has come to stay with her godmother and cousin, the Duchess of Wyvern, as her companion. Louise both misses her family and chafes under the constant need to be useful to her benefactors, but sees clearly that she must get used to her new situation. During a skating party she meets a charming Russian officer, Prince Andrei Zarcov, a visitor at a neighboring estate. To her great astonishment, one day Prince Andrei requires her assistance in a secret mission.
The story is charmingly written, and the mystery has just the right amount melodrama to please me. However, Louise is very young, and so her feelings have something of puppy love to them. In addition, she is too unselfish for my taste, instantly offering help to anyone. Although, in all honesty, considering her position as companion, it may have been realistic for her station. In spite of these minor caveats, this is still a pleasant read.
A Regency Christmas II is easily the best collection of Christmas stories I own. With three truly memorable stories and two still very well-written ones, it is far above the average. While it has been out-of-print for many years now, if you can get it second-hand, it will be a true find.
-- Rike Horstmann


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WASHINGTON -- Antitrust regulators are nearing a decision on the fate of a merger between America Online and Time Warner with an eye toward ensuring the colossal new business won't squelch consumer choice for high-speed Web connections and other emerging services.
The Federal Trade Commission could rule before week's end on a deal that holds the promise of reshaping the landscape of the online world. Approval by a majority of the five-member FTC panel would clear the way for the Federal Communications Commission to complete its review of the $129 billion deal, the final hurdle facing the companies.
The FTC also could decide to block the merger in court, if it determines that concessions offered by the companies are insufficient to protect competition for new Internet services. As part of their review, agency staff members have interviewed competitors and collected testimony that could be used in a lawsuit to stop the deal.
To avert that outcome, company officials and FTC attorneys have been engaged for weeks in discussions on how to implement a requirement that AOL-Time Warner open its high-speed cable lines to rival Internet companies.
Such a condition would ensure a consumer subscribing to Time Warner's superfast Web service also could sign up for online providers other than AOL.
The question of access has become a vital issue in the merger, largely because cable companies like Time Warner have taken the lead in offering consumers new, high-speed Internet access, dozens of times faster than today's dial-up connections.
Time Warner is the nation's second-largest cable operator, and the merger would couple it with AOL, the country's top Internet provider.
The companies and agency officials remain in negotiations to determine not only how many rival Internet providers AOL-Time Warner would allow on its cable systems, but also under what terms and rates.
Some competing online companies worry that AOL-Time Warner will charge them unreasonable prices or set conditions that make it unattractive for them to forge deals.
While the government wants to prevent this, it also may be wary of regulating too heavily specific terms of private business negotiations, experts say.
''Historically, the FTC has resisted becoming auditors and monitors of corporate behavior,'' said Paul Glenchur, an analyst with Schwab Capital Markets in Washington.
Government officials must look at how to ensure ''terms and conditions are reasonably attractive, ... and do that without forcing the companies to incur onerous and unworkable regulatory burdens,'' Glenchur said.
Some public interest groups proposed that a third-party arbitrator handle complaints from Internet companies that allege unfair treatment in negotiations with AOL-Time Warner.
Without an oversight process in place, ''It's unclear if these conditions will resolve the competitive concerns raised by the deal,'' said Gene Kimmelman of Consumers Union.
AOL officials would not comment but to repeat they are on track to close the deal this fall. The European Commission approved the deal last month.
Some content providers also have raised concern about implications of the merger on the evolving market for interactive television, which allows people to access the Internet from their TV screens. Rivals fear the combined company would not give equal treatment on its systems to competing interactive programming.
© 2016. All Rights Reserved. Contact Us


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See All Contributors »
I just found out that McDonald's has discontinued it's Hot Mustard dipping sauce. That was the only sauce I ever ate on chicken nuggets. Anyone else a Hot Mustard fan that will be sad it's gone?
This decision was made awhile ago but tonight was the first time I was denied the sauce because it is no longer supplied.
As an adult you order chicken nuggets? Did you have kids with you, and you eat their left overs?
I liked their hot mustard.
Always buying historically relevant ISU gear
BBQ is where it's at.
*Rest in peace corn dog chick and #Hoiball
Well, instead of letting The Man dictate your culinary future, you could fight back...
A couple of years ago, Whataburger dropped their spicy ketchup. However, due to the massive consumer outrage (your's truly included), Whataburger bowed to the pressure and brought it back. Yum Yum!!
"Don't worry Boss...they can't do nothin' 'til they're through sparklin'..."
Avatar - America's new superhero...Cenex Guy
Never heard of it.
Originally Posted by JUKEBOX
Never heard of it.
Then you have nothing to worry about.
Eyes closed, head first, can't lose.
My wife has been outraged about this too. She hasn't gone to a McDonald's since it went down, and honestly, I don't think she'll go back until/unless they bring it back.
That said, since they never advertised, I don't know if anyone besides her and the OP are even aware it's gone. Never understood that either, as it was a solid sauce. Especially on fries.
In 1984, I was hospitalized for approaching perfection.
I too, never knew they had it. Sounds good though.
Use this as an opportunity to stop eating complete garbage.
Originally Posted by JWIL4CY
Use this as an opportunity to stop eating complete garbage.
Stick to partial garbage, your life will improve dramatically.
Darn, I was hoping they added Hot mustard to thier menu.
That would make their burgers not taste like trash.
I didn't know they had it, but now I want it and am sad its gone.
They had a sweet chili lime sauce about a year and a half ago that was pretty solid, too - sort of a sweet/spicy thing. They also discontinued that.
Originally Posted by Firefighter4Cy
I got 99 problems but angie isn't one.
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At Jacksonville Fine Dining Examiner, we are always excited to try new restaurants and report back on our findings. We recently had the opportunity to try Mojo no. 4 Urban BBQ Whiskey Bar for lunch and we were very impressed. Mojo no. 4 is one of three restaurants in North Florida owned by Todd Lineberry, whose goal is to produce a "unique barbeque concept that's anything but typical."
The restaurant, located in Avondale at 3572 St. Johns Ave., offered a laid back environment with TVs by the large whiskey bar. This was great for watching football since the Jaguars were playing that day. The ambiance is inspired by "blues song lyrics" according to their website "describing a good luck feeling or vibe." This cool vibe, combined with great tasting food resulted in a great dining experience for us.
Ambiance: 4/5
As we mentioned before, the ambiance inside Mojo no. 4 feels like a bit like a House-of-Blues environment. The "Southern Blues Kitchen" concept is definitely present with a huge picture of a blue rooster on the wall, license plates covering another wall, and relatively dark lighting for a bbq restaurant. It was definitely different than what we have come to expect at restaurants like Sonny's over the years and it was a welcome change.
Food: 4/5
This was likely the best bbq we have ever had. Yes, better than 4 Rivers and other popular barbecue restaurants in Florida. The meal started with the Fried Green Tomatoes ($8), which are coated in cornmeal and served with a chipotle ranch dipping sauce on the side. These came out piping hot and had a nice spice to them, especially when combined with the sauce. We highly recommend these as an appetizer.
For our entree we tried the large Two-Meat Combo ($19.50), which allows you to get two bbq meats along with two sides and Texas toast. For the first meat, we tried the Pit-Smoked Chicken, which they can serve on the breast or pulled. We chose pulled and it was delicious. The smoked flavor tasted authentic and it was not overpowering. We would have liked to have a spicier bbq sauce available, but the Chipotle bbq sauce was pretty good. We also tried the Beef Brisket. We've had some salty brisket in the past, but this brisket did not have such a problem. Mojo's brisket was tender and delicious and it was great on the Texas toast. For sides we tried the collard greens, smoked yellow corn, pit beans, and hand cut fries. The pit beans are Mojo's version of bbq baked beans. They weren't sweet or spicy and we thought they were a bit unusual. The collard greens were ok, but not great. However, the smoked yellow corn and hand cut fries were excellent and recommended.
Drinks 4/5:
One big thing that sets this bbq restaurant apart from all the others is the fact that it has a fully stocked whiskey bar, complete with whiskey flights and mixed drinks. We tried the Drunken Cucumber ($7), which features Jim Beam, ginger ale, cucumber, lemon and lime juice. This drink was extremely refreshing and went well with our lunch.
Service: 4/5:
Our server a very good knowledge of the menu. She recommended the Drunken Cucumber and other items that we enjoyed.
Overall: 4/5:
As a whole, Mojo is an excellent lunch restaurant that we would also recommend for a casual dinner. We consider Mojo as a more upscale version of the typical lunchtime bbq places on the market. Mojo has a lot to offer and strongly recommend you give this distinctive barbecue restaurant a try.
For more from Jacksonville Fine Dining Examiner, follow us on Twitter @JaxFineDining


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Product Information
Zig-zag bolts will have your dog zig zagging to fetch this fun Grriggles Bolt Buddy Dog Toy.
Why We Love It:
Grriggles Bolt Buddies Dog Toy adds eye-catching jolts of bright color to an already appealing dog toy! Long shape is easy to throw and for dogs to grab. Each plush toy has a squeaker. Made of Polyester plush, polyfill, squeaker. Check out other colors sold separately.
Sizing Information:
Toy measures 8" Length


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TC TO JOHN A. CARLYLE ; 2 September 1853; DOI: 10.1215/lt-18530902-TC-JAC-01; CL 28: 257-258
Chelsea, 2 Septr, 1853—
My dear Brother,—It is a good few days since I heard of you, and longer since I wrote: but I conclude there has been no news from Scotsbrig, or else you would have at once forwarded it. I heard from Jean after her arrival there; the account favourable so far as we could look for such: I wrote to her today; and shall perhaps hear again soon. She mentioned that my Mother had forbidden your being sent for, as there was nothing you had not already done so far as possible.
I have been rather below par for a week past; bilious in the unusual way,—which, however, will perhaps come to good. The weather is very bad; rain and blustery winds frequent, with a very cool temperature: today, with wind north, we have had a great deal of violent rain; yesterday, wind south-west, was as heavy a deluge as I have seen for long. As our new roof is not very complete, this does not answer well to us.— However, the adroit little fellows bear a hand lustily; and we are getting on not so ill, in spite of weather. The noise they make from 6 a.m. till 8 p.m. is prodigious; especially these two days when they have been flooring;—an operation now complete, I do hope; for we have had the ceiling of my room violated 5 times, by Irish gentn unacquainted (I suppose) with the nature of laths! Chorley is the perfection of Bauräthe [building supervisor]; mounts aloft like a bird; got all wetted today; shuns no labour;—and hopes to make a "canty thing of it" before long. Truly if I can get a soundproof room, it will be about the best thing this London Universe can now yield me.
David Laing1 of the Signet Library was here yesterday amid the rain: sturdy and fiery (in the Antiquarian way), but wants his front teeth. His Knox is to be completed; another volume soon.—2 I think you knew old Childs the Suffolk Radical and Puritan? He is dead, the valiant old Childs, in a curious mood and manner, of which this Letter by Fitzgerald gives account.3 Pray return the Letter when you have done with it. We have never run to Addiscombe yet; but if this noise do not abate, I at least ought.— Goethe's Eckermann has fallen into some distress, and sends over Autographs again,—happily not to me. Adieu, Dear Brother


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Excerpt from the Berdoo Bugle:
San Berdoo - In a workshop at Berdoo College, new (aftermarket) parts from a New York manufacturer are being assembled to replicate a 65 year old Harley-Davidson®. "Minus the tank embelms....of course! We wouldn't want any problems from Milwaukee..." said instructor Dennis Franz. "They reproduce just about everything now, frames, cylinder heads, crankcases, gaskets...you name it. We buy the motors complete. The challenge is making some of these parts fit."
The work is done by about 20 students in the college's antique auto restoration class, a course unique among community colleges in the county. The class in the in the rear of the T-Building on the north side of the campus. It provides tools for learning and restoring cars (Model A Fords to be exact). And, conveniently, it's a place where students can work on their own cars and motorcycles without the worry of irritating their neighbors. "It's harder for people to do it at their houses nowadays," said student Mike Smith, 47, of Berdoo.
Even though the finshed motorcycle cannot be registered and licensed in the state of California, the college is participating in a trial program with a community college in Ohio. The early stages of the project were rolled out in September at the annual "Route 66 Rendezvous", "which drew alot of interest and questions from the crowd", added Franz. The finished motorcycle will be shown at the Los Angeles county fair, and then sold to the community college in Akron ("The Rubber Capitol of The World") - results of a plan between Franz and his long time friend Bob LaCosta, a mechanical arts instructor at Akron's Community Learning Center. "Bob and I grew up together, riding motorcycles at the bluffs around Huntington Beach. Harleys and Model-A Fords were our transpo", said Franz. When Bob contacted me about the replica Harley we were building, I told him, "Sure, if you buy it from us when it's finished, you can tear it down to see the changes we made, and let your class build one just like it." When questioned as to whether it was fair to do all the modification work, so someone else in another state could learn from it, Franz replied, "Aw it doesn't matter. He'd do the same for me. We're like twin sons from different mothers."