text:
There's this guy, you see, who knitted his way to a solution to an infamous problem in Roman history. This might be a bit premature (since academic journals haven't weighed in yet), but I am persuaded that the mystery of the ancient Roman dodecahedrons has been solved. And why I'm persuaded affords a handy example for teaching how Bayesian reasoning works in making good historical inferences. [Update: This case likewise shows how Bayesian reasoning can incorporate new facts so as to change what's likely: experts in the comments to this article subsequently persuaded me that a full accounting of the facts in my Bayesian model does not get as positive a result for this thesis as I had initially thought.]
A What?
I suppose I should begin by explaining what a "mysterious ancient Roman dodecahedron" is. It's not just any dodecahedron from ancient Rome (I'll show you an unrelated example shortly), but a very peculiarly consistent oddity that no one has been able to explain (mainly because no writing survives mentioning it). It's a common object. Some hundred or so have been found, originating in the 2nd century A.D. and spanning a couple of centuries afterward. But only in France and northern and eastern Europe. It's weird looking. And has peculiar features. Some are of stone manufacture, but most are cast bronze.
Some typical examples (one from Wikipedia, another from the Birmingham Musem) are shown to the right. Each is a twelve-sided hollow object, the sides generally symmetrical (an isohedron, so it looks a little like a twelve-sided die, something old-school role-playing-gamers will recognize), but every side has a circular hole in it, and the holes are different sizes, but the pattern of sizes (the sequence and arrangement) is the same on every object, even though the size of the object (and thus size of the holes) varies considerably, from kind of tiny (one and a half inches total diameter) to about the size of what would have then been a large adult fist (a little over four inches). The holes also sometimes have a sequence of parallel carved rings around them (sort of like gutters or guidelines in the face of the object), but many do not, so these appear to be a decorative flourish (a typical accent found in Roman tech of the time, where common utilitarian objects can be prettied up with some artsy flourishes like that).
But importantly, every corner of these objects has a solid knob sticking out of it, a bollard narrower at its base than at its tip (many of these just look like attached spheres), for twenty knobs in all. This most of all prevents the twelve-sided die analogy from quite being right, that plus the fact that the holes being of different size means each face has a different weight. They also aren't inscribed with anything…a fact that is far more crucial to determining their purpose than you might at first think.
Just search "Roman dedocahedron" in Google Images and you'll find dozens of examples. And yet…
What's It For?
No one really knows. Many theories have been proposed, often argued in elaborate fashion. Wikipedia has an entry on them (but to avoid spoilers, don't read that just yet) and lists the hypotheses so far explored as "candlestick holders; dice; survey instruments; devices for determining the optimal sowing date for winter grain; that they were used to calibrate water pipes; and army standard bases."
The main problem with most of these hypotheses is that they all predict the same thing. For example, the "survey instrument" and "solar calendar" theories are based on coincidences of the angles produced by the holes in these dodecahedrons, but those coincidences would be there no matter what the object was used for–as already exemplified by the fact that the same angles lead to both proposed functions, perspectival surveying and calendrics. Despite those having nothing to do with each other.
Whatever function the objects had, they would always have these features. In Bayesian terms, that means the probability of these objects having these features if they weren't built for either purpose is virtually 100%. Which renders that fact useless as evidence. What counts as evidence is a fact that is improbable on alternative theories, not a fact that is entirely expected on just about any theory you try to propose (atheists will find that complaint familiar…when we expect an outcome anyway, whether there be a God or not, it can't count as evidence for God).
Before I survey the proposed theories, if you want a delightful surprise before I spoil it, take a moment and watch the video embedded here (sorry, there's no transcript or narration, so if you are visually impaired, just keep reading along here, I'll fill you in). That's the correct solution. I'm fairly certain. You won't start to realize what it is until more than halfway through the video. But once you've enjoyed that surprise, let's see what theories that solution is competing with…
Surveying Instrument?
Apart from what I already mentioned, the surveying-instrument theory (defended by Amelia Carolina Sparavigna of the Department of Applied Science and Technology at the Politecnico di Torino in Italy) requires users of the object to constantly use elaborate and time-consuming math, when in fact that math could have been done in advance and its results carved directly on the object. In other words, if someone were using this object for that purpose, the instruction manual would be written on it (as it was on the Antikythera computer). You wouldn't have to do the math. The results of it would be part of the engraving on each object, so you could immediately make use of it. This is especially the case because the objects vary so much in size, necessitating engraving this data directly on each. That we don't observe any such engravings is thus not 100% expected but in fact very improbable on Sparavigna's theory. So the angular coincidences she documents, which she mistakes as evidence for her theory, actually weighs considerably against her theory.
That plus the fact that these objects appear to have been strangely limited geographically to colder climates (a fact her theory doesn't explain), and we actually have several textbooks from antiquity on surveying techniques and instruments, and none mention any device like this. Two more facts that are improbable on her theory. Her theory would instead predict they would be everywhere, and get mention in books about surveying and instrumentation (or at least similar techniques would). In Bayesian terms, that means her theory entails P(~e|h), the probability of the contrary evidence, is getting again close to 100%, which entails P(e|h), the actual probability of the evidence, which equals 1 – P(~e|h), is getting again close to zero (Proving History, pp. 230, 255-56, 302 n.13). In fact we already know what ancient Roman dioptras looked like. They didn't look like this. They were in fact far more versatile, sophisticated, and easier to use. Whereas any object with differently sized holes along a symmetrical axis can be used by a mathematician as a simple makeshift diopter–regardless of what it was built for.
Similarly, the calendrical theory requires a procedure that is so absurdly elaborate as to be well beyond comical. This you can see by looking at the procedure proposed by G.M.C. Wagemans (search his article for the words "It works as followed" to see the nine steps one must take, each already kind of ridiculously elaborate, but taken together, his theory parodies itself). His article has many uses, though, e.g. he catalogs many examples of these objects and plots their geographical location and discusses the archaeological circumstances each was found in and so on. He himself notes that the objects, if used for the purpose he imagines (determining when to begin sowing crops), don't work very well (their accuracy is kind of shit). Which is improbable on his theory, considering the Romans had far simpler, more advanced, and more accurate ways of doing the same thing. You don't buy an absurdly expensive screwdriver to hammer nails, when you already have really excellent and affordable hammers (see Roman sundials).
Indeed, the Romans had portable cylinder dials that were not only highly accurate, and did far more things than just tell you when to plant crops, but that could fit in your pocket and weighed next to nothing (being carved from bone, also a far cheaper material than bronze). Moreover, everyone needed to know when to plant crops–everyone, everywhere. Why buy your own little crappy way of doing that, when whole towns routinely invested in highly effective public calendars for the purpose? Anyone who wanted to know planting season just had to take a donkey downtown. And if for some reason you needed your own sundial, you would just get one of those–or even one of the pocket ones. It's extremely improbable that anyone was using the dodecahedrons do do a worse job, at greater expense, and with vastly more difficulty, than they could already do with the tech at hand. An extraordinarily low P(e|h) thus results, spelling doom for this hypothesis. Making this an extraordinary claim…without extraordinary evidence.
John Ladd has attempted to argue the objects were what we would call a volumeter: any symmetrical object inserted into one axis would have a known displacement of water (and thus a known volume and density). Romans had volumeters (mensa ponderaria, to the right is an example recovered from Pompeii), but this object can't have had this function for the same reason it can't have been a surveying instrument: the objects vary enormously in size, so one would have had to engrave each axis of one with its volumetric values. Moreover, the knobs ruin the geometric value of the object for this purpose (by elevating it needlessly when immersed in water). This also doesn't explain the geographic distribution, or peculiar variation in the shape of the circles (always the same pattern, yet the objects, and thus their holes, are never the same size). And so on. Again, all this is improbable on his theory, or not made probable by it. That makes his theory a bad explanation.
Pipe Calibrator?
Same problem. The objects vary so much in size, the calibrations would have to be inscribed or etched on each example. Otherwise, what are you calibrating to? Moreover, one would have had no use for this kind of a calibrator. Pipes were cast, and this object would have no use in molding a cast. This object could only tell you the size of a pipe that was already manufactured. Which you could tell just by looking at the pipe. You wouldn't need an instrument like this. This also doesn't explain the geographic distribution. And most importantly, this theory simply doesn't explain the twenty knobs. It thus again doesn't get a high P(e|h) but in fact a low one. So it's not a good explanation.
Candle Stand?
This theory is based on a single example having been found with some melted wax in it. But that's rather like finding some melted wax in a coke bottle and inferring coke bottles were designed as candle holders. Even if someone used one of these objects as a makeshift candle holder, that doesn't tell us what it was actually designed for (and wax being in one doesn't even mean it was used that way; just that some wax object was nearby it that melted). If these objects were designed to hold candles, all or most would have traces of wax all over them. One should also note that, on this theory, the smallest dodecahedrons entail improbably thin candlesticks.
And on top of all that, who makes a candle holder that ensures the wax leaks right out the bottom? And that the candlelight gets blocked by the housing and no longer held up by it when it burns low? We know what candle holders typically look like. It's not this. See the image to the right (as a typical design): the tray is made to collect melted wax (not let it seep through), and the stand elevates the candle so that when the candle burns low, the flame remains elevated and unobstructed. (Incidentally, glass and shell and mica housings, all transparent to light, were then used when one wanted to shield a flame from wind; such tech is already evident from the 1st century, with crushed examples recovered from Pompeii.) So none of the design aspects of the dodecahedrons are expected on this theory, but quite the opposite. So again we have a high P(~e|h), which entails a low P(e|h), which makes for evidence against the theory.
Army Standard Bases?
A non-starter. They are too small and weak for such a purpose. Roman standards were enormous, with an enormously heavy headpiece atop a very long pole (to maximize visibility at a distance). These objects are tiny little things sitting close to the floor with a distance between holes for supporting an object (if such they did) smaller than a single human hand. Do the math on that. The evidence's improbability on this theory is therefore off the charts. Those pesky laws of physics, you see. One thing the ancients knew well was the law of leverage. It was indeed the first mathematical law they discovered and explained.
Likewise improbable. The holes make it non-random (each side weighs differently and thus does not have an equal chance of coming up). But more importantly, a game randomizer would not need the twenty knobs. Nor would it need the holes–it would instead be inscribed with numbers, letters, or signs. For in fact we have many examples of dodecahedrons used as game randomizers from ancient Rome. And they look like this (see image to the right). They do not look like those mysterious dodecahedrons. So this theory just does not make the evidence likely, nor does it correspond to the prior probability derived from past cases (other dodecahedral game randomizers).
Religious Objects?
When in doubt, always punt to "some sort of unfathomable religious significance." Or so the bad rule of thumb goes. In fact, the objects have not been found in association with religious objects or areas in any significant frequency to justify this hypothesis. And the design is too consistent and specific over a large geographic area. It appears to have a utilitarian function. Not a religious one. Again, we have a low P(e|h), not least because this is, like "God did it," a non-explanation. For no one can deduce (i.e. make probable) any of the features of the object from this theory.
Glove Knitter?
Yeah. A template for knitting gloves.
This one is probably correct.
It explains every single feature of the object common to all specimens. It explains the knobs (they hold yarn loops during construction), the hollowness (to fit a ball of yarn), the size variance (small for babies, large for men, and all sizes in between–but no sizes smaller, no sizes larger), the symmetry (as knitters will attest, an asymmetrical template would get you a wonky knit glove), the number of holes (two for inserting and manipulating the ball of yarn, two sets of five more holes for knitting two pairs of gloves of five fingers each), and most importantly, the peculiar sequence of hole sizes on each object: they run large, medium, large, medium, small on one half, then mirror that with small, medium, large, medium, large. Which is exactly what fingers do: thumb is large, index finger is medium, middle finger is a little larger than the index finger, the ring finger is smaller again, and the pinky is the smallest; and the sequence is mirrored for the left hand and right hand.
And you know what else it explains? Why these objects are only found geographically in colder climes.
The solution was discovered by amateur Martin Hallett, who printed his own dodecahedron using a 3D printer, and toyed around with it. Then saw how it worked. And knitted some gloves with it. Here is some background, and again the video, showing how it works (it's incredibly simple, and from a design perspective, a brilliant invention).
No feature common across all specimens is improbable on this theory, but in fact exactly expected. Yet every single one is in fact very improbable on any other theory but this one. The odd geographical distribution is also highly probable. So here the probabilities are reversed: P(e|h) is close to 100% and P(e|~h) is pretty close to zero for any alternative, making a ratio of at least 100 to 1 if not thousands to one, in favor of this theory over all contenders.
We've been sitting on super-clever, pagan-invented glove knitting templates for decades, and never knew it.
Update: Or not. There are still some sticking points with this theory. See the comments below for discussion of the issues. The same logic applied to the other solutions could dial back the probability of this solution.


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Why can´t I use my AB space planets?

subset: commoncrawl


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The second half of "Pretty Little Liars" season 4 has finally returned and while fans were promised more scenes of Ali, that hasn't happened yet. However, the official synopsis for episode 18, titled "Hot for Teacher" reveals that will change. On Jan. 16, WetPaint published the details on what can be expected when the episode airs.
Warning: If you do not want to know "Pretty Little Liars" season 4, episode 18 spoilers, then stop reading.
Spencer is determined to prove her theory about Board Shorts before revealing it to the other girls. The theory could devastate one of her friends, which sounds like it could have something to do with Ezra and Aria. This seems like a logical speculation, especially since the title of the episode is "Hot for Teacher." To make that even more likely, a page in the diary was titled "Hot For Teacher" and reads,
"I saw a teacher interviewing today with the principle. He was quite sexy. High school boys are gross, college guys are looking for one thing, but older men, now they know what they want and take it all. He looks kind of bookish, but in a cute way. I will get to know him eventually and to have a teacher on my side."
Emily is going to try to make amends with Ali through Shana, but over what fans don't know yet. Something must happen in between now and episode 18 that causes tension between them.
Also, Aria's lies are taking a toll on her and that has to do with her secretly meeting with Ezra and reigniting their romance. She hasn't told the girls and when they ask who was on the phone or anything else, she covers it up with a lie.
"Pretty Little Liars" season 4, episode 18 will air on Feb. 4.


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text:
Sep 16th 2011
Fashion Friday: Bringing the NYC Runway to the Beehive
We're getting a little more fashionable here at Salt Lakemagazine and for all you ladies (and gents) looking to get the scoop on local fashion news, finds and trends—search no further. Every Friday we'll bring you a little tidbit from our style file. We're calling it Fashion Friday, because honestly, who couldn't use a chic and sleek lift at the end of the week? Read More


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A steering committee to form a new charter school with a classical curriculum based upon the principles of a Thomas Jefferson Education will meet at 6:30 on Thursday, August 7 at the Starvin Arvin's restaurant, 3247 F Road in Clifton. The goal of the committee is to charter and organize a K - 12 school which would open its doors for the 2015 - 2016 academic year. Committee chairperson Stephanie McGuire stated that her group planned to tap into the abilities of community members in order to create a debt-free institution which will be a model for others to follow. Ms. McGuire has been in communication with leaders of classical schools both in Colorado and elsewhere in order to prepare herself and the group to face the many challenges that await them.
When asked about the issue of whether or not the school would incorporate Common Core standards, Ms. McGuire replied that parents had the ability to opt out of Common Core and that the group intended to educate parents about the detrimental aspects of the nationwide program. Colorado is on of the states that have accepted the national standards, but there is a growing resistance throughout both the state and the nation to reject the standards in favor of more local and parental control. In mid-June, Louisiana became the ninth state to drop Common Core.
A classical education is based upon the great books and thinkers of the Western World. The emphasis is upon learning facts, how to think through arguments and how to express oneself. As far as I know there are no classical schools on the Western Slope. However, there are a number on the Front Range. One of these schools, Ridgeview Classical in Ft. Collins, was recently awarded a gold medal by U.S. News and World Report as being one of the top high schools in the country.
A Thomas Jefferson Education is also based upon using classic books instead of only textbooks. The Seven Keys of Great Teaching are considered to be -
- classics, not textbooks
- mentors, not professors
- inspire, not require
- structure time, not content
- simplicity, not complexity
- quality, not conformity
- you, not them.
For more information about either the school or the meeting, contact Stephanie McGuire at 970.216.3067.


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text:
This recipe uses Atlantic croaker. We also have recipes for lots of other ocean-friendly species.
You will need
- 6 red onions, cut in julienne
- 2 cloves garlic, minced
- 1/2 cup champagne vinegar
- 1/2 cup sugar
- Salt and pepper to taste
- 2 cups prepared risotto
- 4 6-oz. croaker fillets, de-boned
- Flour to coat
In a medium sauté pan, sweat the red onion and garlic until soft and translucent. Add the vinegar and sugar and cook for 20 minutes or until thickened to the consistency of jelly. Season with salt and pepper. Set aside to cool.
Form risotto into four-ounce cakes and sear in canola oil until golden brown on both sides.
Dredge the fish in seasoned flour and sear, skin-side-down, in a medium-hot sauté pan
until golden brown on both sides. Dredge fish in seasoned flour and sear in a medium hot sauté pan skin-side-down until golden brown, about three minutes. Turn fish and cook an additional three minutes.
Serve croaker over the risotto cakes and spoon red onion marmalade over the fish. Serve immediately.
Serves 4
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text:
Location: Mosquito and Fly Research Unit
2012 Annual Report
Significant progress has been made on this project to date. For objective 1 which is to develop effective host odor-based surveillance tools for the brown dog tick, a series of chemicals at various doses have been evaluated in a Y-tube olfactometer and several compounds (and their optimal doses) have been identified. Of these, attraction was increased with the addition of CO2. For objective 2, which is to develop and evaluate innovative alternative tools for control based on attract-and-kill approaches using host odors and fungal pathogens, we have evaluated several commercial and locally obtained isolates of two species of entomopathogenic fungi against ticks. Several highly effective formulations have been selected for use in the next objectives. For objective 3, which is proof-of-concept efficacy testing for surveillance and control, we have prepared the facility for tick testing. Additionally, we have developed trap prototypes. The final objective relates to the final year of the project.


text:
Go back to Flash Reviews
Go Home
By Paul Ben-Itzak
Copyright 2003 The Dance Insider
PARIS -- On paper, Karine
Saporta's "A propos Andrei Roublev" sounds a dream: a "Spectacle
Danse Marionnettes" riffing on a Russian theme at the Cabaret Sauvage,
an enclosed theater in the round under a circus tent-style roof
on the banks of the Basin la Villette. The horse-riding academy
you pass just before reaching the grounds of the cabaret, the apertif
you sip overlooking the water before the show, and the subdued velvet
lighting that greets you as you sit at your table near the lip of
the stage put you in the mood to be immersed in a grand spectacle.
But try as Saporta and her five dancers and five 'acteurs de marionnettes'
do, the ideas the choreographer's head is apparently full of never
quite emerge into a cohesive narrative.
It's possible that one
of Saporta's themes is too creepy for me to receive. Doubles abound.
Dancers appear dressed, wigged, and masked to look like marionettes
we've already seen. Life-sized marionette replicants appear, "Invasion
of the Body Snatchers"-like, to shadow the dancers they exactly
Notwithstanding an effectively
disturbing passage where a dancer is tossed about by her life-sized
marionette double, what lacks is what is done with these doubles.
To more exactly match their doubles, the dancers maintain the same
facial expressions as the replicants. And marionette conventions
are disregarded, without clear justification. The live dancers handle
the normal-sized marionettes not like marionettes but like dolls,
artlessly swinging them around. The marionette actor/manipulators
disregard their hoods so that we can see the replicants they are
manipulating are spitting images of themselves. Ominous men with
over-sized baby-heads become less ominous when the women dancers
they seem to threaten don the baby-heads themselves.
The endeavor has the
aspect of an experiment in its beginning stages, with the choreographer
trying beaucoup ideas, but none fully developed. For example, my
companion liked when the marionettists inserted sticks into the
sleeves of the dancers and manipulated their arms. But the manipulations
were unimaginative and didn't go anywhere.
Contrast this with Jane
Comfort's 1996 "Three Bagatelles for the Righteous,"
a riff on the 1996 presidential elections. Here -- without sticks,
but with much more invention -- teams of dancers manipulate, Bunraku-style
(as the New York Times put it) other dancers portraying Bill Clinton
and Bob Dole, from their legs on up to their mouths. The manipulators
are of course the special interests. And in Comfort's 1998 "Underground
River," the four performers collectively portraying the conscience
of a woman in a coma create (in Basil Twist's conception) a paper
puppet that could be said to embody the sleeping patient. (Click
here to see a photograph.) In both cases, the device
was necessitated by the drama, not the other way around. From remarks
she made to me after the performance, Saporta seems to have some
concepts -- involving Byzantine icons, doubles, and the way Russians
typically wear their emotions on their sleeves -- but they didn't
cohere into one overall vision.
Go back to Flash Reviews
Go Home


text:
Enjoy this special issue on Aging published in Nature!
Below are links to national, regional, state, and local gerontology resources.
National links:
- American Association of Retired Persons (AARP)
- American Institute of Financial Gerontology (AIFG)
- American Society on Aging (ASA)
- Assisted Living Facilities
- Assisted Living Etc.
- Association for Gerontology in Higher Education (AGHE) (The UNCG Gerontology Program is an Institutional Member of AGHE)
- DrugWatch
- Federal Interagency Forum on Aging-Related Statistics
- Gerontological Society of America (GSA)
- Medicare
- National Academy on an Aging Society
- National Association of Area Agencies on Aging
- National Health Institute's National Institute on Aging
- National Alliance for Caregiving
- National Association of Professional Geriatric Care Managers (GCM)
- National Certification Council for Activity Professionals (NCCAP)
- National Center on Caregiving Caregiver Alliance
- National Resource Center on Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual, or Transexual Aging
- Population Reference Bureau (PRB) "Baby Boomers InfoGraphic"
- Rheumatoid Arthritis Support Network (RASN)
- Senior Living
- Senior Homes
- Sloan Center for Aging & Work Facts Database
- U.S. Department of Health and Human Services Administration on Aging
- U.S. Social Security Administration
- White House Conference on Aging – 2005
Regional links:
- Area Health Education Centers (AHECs)
- PACE of the Triad
- Region IV office of the US Dept of Health and Human Services (This region includes NC)
- Senior Living
- Southern Gerontological Society (SGS)
- Southern Gerontological Society (SGS)
- UNC Chapel Hill Institute on Aging
State links:
- Alzheimer's Association-WNC Chapter
- Alzheimers.net — North Carolina
- American Association of Retired Persons – North Carolina
- Assisted Living.com — North Carolina
- Duke University Sanford School of Public Policy Masters students Public Policy Alzheimer's/Dementia Recommendations 2015.
- North Carolina Adult Day Services Association
- North Carolina Association on Aging
- North Carolina Association of Nonprofit Homes for the Aging
- North Carolina Culture Change Coalition
- North Carolina Department of Health & Human Services Division of Aging and Adult Services
- North Carolina Department of Insurance Seniors Health Insurance Information (SHIIP) Program
- North Carolina Health Care Facilities Association
- North Carolina Senior Games
- Links to UNIVERSITY-based Gerontology or Aging-related programs in North Carolina
Local links:
Greensboro and Guilford County
- City of Greensboro Senior Resources
- Gerontology Resources at the UNCG Jackson Library
- Guilford Boomers
- Piedmont Triad Council of Government Area Agency on Aging
- Senior Resources of Guilford, Inc.
- Senior Living Resource Magazine (covers Greensboro, Winston-Salem, High Point, the Triad)
- Triad Retirement Living Association (TRLA)
- UNCG Jackson Library
Rockingham County Area
Winston-Salem and Forsyth County


text:
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text:
I'm using Goliath (which is powered by eventmachine) and the postgres gem
pg, currently I'm using the pg gem in a blocking way:
conn.exec('SELECT * FROM products') (for example) and I'm wondering whether there is a better way to connect to a postgres database?
I'm using Goliath (which is powered by eventmachine) and the postgres gem
I'd recommend that you read the documentation on the PQconnectStart function and the Asynchronous Command Processing section of the PostgreSQL manual, and then compare that with the sample above.
I haven't used EventMachine before, but if it lets you register a socket and callbacks for when it becomes readable/writable, I'd think it'd be fairly easy to integrate database calls into it.
I've been meaning to use the ideas in Ilya Grigorik's article on using Fibers to clean up evented code to make the async API easier to use, but that's a ways off. I do have a ticket open to track it if you're interested/motivated to do it yourself.
Yes, you can access postgres in a non-blocking fashion from goliath. I had the same need, and put together this proof of concept: https://github.com/levicook/goliath-postgres-spike
I'm not (anymore) very familiar with Pg, but I haven't heard that any popular database could to async connections. So you still need to maintain a connection to the database for the duration of the query. Therefore you still need to block some where down the stack.
Depending on your application, you might already be doing it the best possible way.
But when you are dealing with some kind of polling app (where same client sends multitude of requests in short time) and it is more important to get the response out, even if it is empty, then you could write a ruby
For example: a request comes in from client A. Goliath app handles the query to the DB process with some unique ID and responds to the query with 'no data yet'. The DB process finishes the query and saves results to a cache with the ID. When next request comes in from the same client, Goliath sees that it already has query results waiting, removes the results from the cache and responds to client. At the same time it schedules next query with the DB process so that it would be ready sooner. If the next request comes in before last one is finished, no new query is scheduled (not multiplying the queries).
This way your responses are fast and non-blocking, while still serving fresh data from DB ASAP. Of course they could be a bit out of sync with actual data, but again, depending on the application, this might not be a problem.
The idea is to use an async adaptor to the database(Postgresql) in conjunction with an evented web server(Goliath) to gain performance. Mike Perham wrote a PG activerecord adaptor for Rails 2.3 last year. Maybe you can use that.
As another example, Ilya Grigorik released this demo of an async Rails stack. In this case the evented server is Thin, and the database is Mysql. Install the demo and try the benchmark with and without the EM aware driver. The difference is dramatic.


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Adult Development and Aging, 6th Edition, John C. Cavanaugh
Written within a biopsychosocial framework, Cavanaugh and Blanchard-Fields' best-selling text covers the specific ages-stages of adult development and aging. In its unparalleled coverage of current research and theory, the authors draw clear connections between research and application. The book's focus on "positive aging" and the gains and losses people experience across adulthood distinguish it from its competitors.
About the Author
John C. Cavanaugh, Ph.D., University of Notre Dame, is chancellor of the Pennsylvania State System of Higher Education. Previously, he was President of the University of West Florida. He is a fellow of the American Psychological Association, The American Psychological Society, and the Gerontological Society of America. He has been an American Council of Education Fellow and elected President of the Adult Development and Aging Division of the APA (Division 20). In addition, Dr. Cavanaugh was a Congressionally selected delegate to the 2005 White House Conference on Aging. His research interests in gerontology concern family care-giving as well as the role of beliefs in older adult's cognitive performance. He is also the co-author of HUMAN DEVELOPMENT: A LIFE-SPAN VIEW, Sixth Edition, with Robert V. Kail of Purdue University.
Fredda Blanchard-Fields, Ph.D., is Professor of Psychology and Chair of the department at Georgia Institute of Technology. Her current research interests include social cognition in adulthood and aging as well as everyday problem solving and emotion regulation from adolescence through older adulthood. She has been published in Psychology and Aging, Developmental Psychology, Current Directions in Psychological Science, and other journals. She is a fellow of both the American Psychological Association and the Gerontological Society of America and a member of the American Psychological Society, the Society for Research and Child Development, and the Psychonomics Society.
Many of you who are considering buying this text are probably doing so for either a regular college course or for one of the Regents College/Excelsior College exams. I decided to earn a second bachelors degree and am working through Excelsior College. This is the required text for one of their exams. I can say that the book is thorough and covers the material that you need to know to pass the test, completely. Like many psyhcology and sociology texts, the subject matter can be dry, but the author seems to do a better than average job of dealing with this. I feel that the fact that I got an 'A' on the exam says very positive things about the text and its ability to prepare you for the testing.
Required reading for a doctorate level class, but a textbook that I enjoyed reading. The writers weave "real world" examples throughout the text that provides the reader with a reference point for the application of theories. There are many visual examples throughout the text that assist the adult learner with understanding the concepts being delivered within each chapter.
This textbook was required reading for a psychology class that I took on Adult Development and Aging. The text is very easy to read – the material covers all the major topics related to cognition, memory, development, illnesses, relationships, and end of life experiences. It provides a solid look at all of these topics without going too deep. I would recommend the book for anyone with aging parents – it is helpful to get a sense of what they are experiencing in their lives and to understand what role we play in supporting them.
This particular book has helped me to better understand the aspect that development has on aging. This book has helped to better build my skill level in the behavior and development field.
Product Details :
- Hardcover: 640 pages
- Publisher: Cengage Learning; 6 edition (January 1, 2010)
- Language: English
- Product Dimensions: 1.1 x 7.4 x 9.2 inches


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Stroller Brigade to Congress: Toxics chemicals have to go!
With chants of "People have a right to know! Toxic chemicals have to go!" and "Chems in kids, that's the worst, time to put the people first!" Approximately 200 moms, nurses, cancer survivors and other passionate citizens from across the United States gathered in Washington DC on May 22nd for a Stroller Brigade for Safe Chemicals organized by Safer Chemicals Healthy Families.
The Stroller Brigade participants sent a strong message to Congress: Our families are sick and struggling and we are tired of unawarely bringing toxic chemicals into our homes and exposing our children and ourselves because the United States has inadequate chemical safety laws. It's unacceptable that the only law we have is the broken, ineffective and outdated Toxic Substances Control Act of 1976 (TSCA). We can do better and we must in order to protect our health and lower health care costs in this country.
Armed with more than 130,000 petition signatures, the delegations, who travelled from as far as Maine, Florida, New Mexico and Alaska joined forces on the Capitol Lawn to hear stories of mothers whose families are struggling with illness and to greet Senators who have been champions of safer chemicals.
Senators Frank Lautenberg (D-NJ), sponsor of the Safe Chemicals Act, Richard Durbin (D-IL), and Charles Shumer (D-NY) addressed the crowd. We then marched, chanting, to the Senate office buildings and fanned out to visit over 50 US Senators and Representatives to call for passage of the Safe Chemicals Act.
The Safe Chemicals Act would go a long way to addressing the failures of TSCA and protecting our families. It would improve the safety of chemicals used in consumer products, increase public information on chemical safety, protect our most vulnerable populations and disproportionately affected "hot spot" communities, reform EPA's science practices to ensure the best available science is being used to determine chemical safety and support innovation in the marketplace and provide incentives for the development of safer chemical alternatives.
Four Massachusetts activists (pictured above) made up the Alliance for a Healthy Tomorrow delegation to the Stroller Brigade. Gail McCormick, a grandmother from Arlington, joined the group to share her concern about the toxic chemicals in her grandhildren's home. Lori Popkewitz Alper, a mother of 3 from Bedford and author of the Groovy Green Livin blog, has three children, two with severe food allergies and worries about the links to toxic chemicals. Laura Henze Russell of Sharon shared her story as a mother, a survivor of breast cancer, and a victim of mercury poisoning from her dental fillings. Elizabeth Saunders, Alliance for a Healthy Tomorrow coordinator, joined the delegation from Boston.
Members of the Massachusetts delegation met with staff in the offices of US Senators John Kerry and Scott Brown and Representative Barney Frank. The group thanked Senator Kerry for his co-sponsorship of the Safe Chemicals Act by presenting him with a "superhero" cape, in follow up to last summer's Stroller Brigade for Safe Chemicals in Boston. We also urged Scott Brown to co-sponsor the bill and Representative Barney Frank to support it when it comes to the House of Representatives (the bill is currently before the Senate Environment and Public Works Committee).
Efforts to pass this bill will continue, so stay tuned for how you can help! In the meantime, you can see more photos from the day on the Alliance for a Healthy Tomorrow Facebook page, and on the Safer Chemicals Healthy Families Facebook page. Finally, dozens of media outlets across the nation covered the Brigade. Here are links to some of our favorite pieces:
LA Times
The Huffington Post


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If you have a nativity reenactment or you need a religious-themed costume for any reason, Anytime Costumes is here to help. We have all kinds of biblical costumes available, so we're positive that we can meet your costume needs, whatever they may be. And as always, the sales representatives at Anytime Costumes are more than happy to assist you through every step of the shopping process, so feel free to contact us should you have any questions.
Anytime Costumes Offers an Impressive Assortment of Biblical Costumes For the adults who need biblical costumes, Anytime Costumes has a wide variety of options. We carry Jesus, Mary, Joseph, Wise Men, and Shepherd costumes; we even have plain biblical townsfolk costumes. For a complete and authentic look, we suggest you browse our accessories; we carry Jesus-style beards and wigs as well as Roman-style sandals.
In addition to adult sizes, many of our biblical costumes also come in child sizes. For instance, the costumes for traditional nativity characters (i.e., Mary, Joseph, Shepherds, etc.) are also made to fit children. Besides these customary costumes, we also carry an adorable angel costumes, so if you want to add a heavenly aspect to your nativity scene, an angel or two might be good idea.
However, religious costumes can be used for more than just church-related activities. Dressing up as a well-known religious figure for a costume party is a time-honored decision that's sure to surprise and delight your friends. For such an occasion, take a look at our nun, priest, monk, angel and devil costumes; they come in a variety of styles and sizes, so we're sure that you'll find something you'll like.


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New York Times
"A handful of informal seafood restaurants, rich tastes of sea trout, red and black drum, and the best oysters on earth."
David Shribman
Guests' Thoughts...
"My husband and I have traveled fairly extensively, both domestically and abroad. We were impressed with your facility. Your concern for the care and comfort of your guests was extraordinary."
Mr. & Mrs. Nicholson
September, 2014
Washington Times Magazine
"Nature is still supreme here, on this beach of fragile dunes, wild ponies,
lost gull feathers and long stretches of deserted sand."
Jennifer Harper
On Chincoteague Island you'll find fascinating shops featuring
unusual gifts and the work of Island artists and decoy carvers.
Waterfront and specialty restaurants offer seafood and a variety
of treats to please your palate. Rent a boat and fish for flounder
or sea trout, or enjoy frequent signtings of eagles, dolphins, and ponies aboard a scenic dinner cruise and boat tour with Daisey's Island Cruises.
Assateague Island, VA, protected by the Assateague Island National
Seashore and the Chincoteague National Wildlife Refuge, is the ideal
place for swimming, birding, hiking, and biking.
Assateague Island National Seashore
Assateague Island National Seashore is only a few minutes by car
from the Refuge Inn. Thirty-seven miles of the wildest and most beautiful
beaches on the East Coast are yours to explore and enjoy.
During the summer, lifeguards oversee a section of the beach near
the bathhouses and visitor center. Changing stalls, toilet facilities,
rinse-off showers, and drinking water are available at the bathhouses.
Outside the lifeguard protected area, you can enjoy surf fishing
and even surfing (boards of all sizes are available for rent on
Anytime of year, there is nothing like a relaxing walk or
jog along the beach.
Chincoteague National Wildlife Refuge
Chincoteague National Wildlife Refuge on Assateague Island is within
walking distance of the Refuge Inn.
The Refuge is well-known as a bird-watcher's paradise where over
300 species of birds have been spotted. The Refuge is also home
to the Chincoteague ponies made famous by Marguerite Henry's Misty
of Chincoteague. Each year in late July the ponies are rounded up
by the Chincoteague Volunteer Fire Company for the annual pony swim
to Chincoteague and the auction at the Chincoteague Firemen's Carnival.
(For a schedule of events, see the July Events section of the Chamber
of Commerce web site.)
Located on a hill some 22 feet above the mean high water is the
Assateague Lighthouse - 142 feet high, with a diameter of 27 feet,
6 3/4 inches at the base. The light is rated at 800,000 candle power,
and can be seen for 19 nautical miles. Operated by the United States
Coast Guard, the lighthouse was constructed in 1833 and was eventually
rebuilt in its present form in 1867.
You'll enjoy every season of the year on the Refuge whether you
hike or bike the Wildlife Loop or any of the other scenic trails.
(Admission is free for those who walk or bike.)
Chincoteague Island
On Chincoteague Island, you'll experience a relaxed life style
free from the rush of the cities. Along Main Street, Maddox Boulevard,
and on many of the back streets are shops, art galleries, restaurants,
ice cream parlors, and even mini golf.
For those interested in the history of the islands, the Museum of Chincoteague (within easy walking distance of the Inn) will be of special interest.
For those who would enjoy a fishing trip, wild pony sightings, or a sunset cruise,
the Island's tour boats offer an experience you'll long remember.
During the Fall and Winter, outdoor sportsmen travel from far and wide to enjoy great hunting opportunities for deer and migratory waterfowl. Book one of our local guides to plan every detail of the many outdoor excursions offered on Chincoteague and Assateague Islands.
Finally, of course, there are the special events on the Island
- such as the Chincoteague pony swim and auction, the Firemen's
Carnival, the Fourth of July fireworks, the seafood festivals, and
the art and decoy shows that have made Chincoteague famous throughout
the world. (See
the Events section at the Chamber of Commerce web site for more
2014- Chincoteague was named the Happiest Seaside Town in America by Coastal Living Magazine. The finalists were selected based on percentage of sunny days, commute times, crime rates, and standards of living. From ten finalists, including locales such as Captiva Island, Fla. and Haleiwa, Hawaii, online voters chose our hometown of Chincoteague Island as the #1 Happiest Seaside Town.
2014- TripAdvisor travelers crowned Chincoteague the runner-up in a competition for Best Island in the United States. The awards were based on tens of thousands of TripAdvisor reviews of hotels, attractions, restaurants, and activities. Chincoteague ranked higher than many famous destinations, including Hawaii, Nantucket, Hilton Head, and Key West.
2010- AOL Travel published an article entitled "America's Best Beach Towns" and listed Chincoteague Island, Virginia in the top spot. AOL Travel contributor Jordan Simon lauded Chincoteague and Assateague Islands as a year-round "nature lover's nirvana," and suggested visitors should enjoy other attractions such as our picturesque beach, wild ponies, ice cream parlors, and stunning rocket launches.
A variety of special events can be enjoyed year - round. Festivals celebrating
birding, seafood (all you can eat), our famous wild ponies , arts, & carvings
are but a few of the bonuses to be enjoyed if you visit our islands when special
things are happening. Check the links below for current schedules and listings.
• Amenities
• Rooms & Rates •
• Map • Specials
• Baywatch
• Site map
• resource links
Blog - Rooms Inn Chincoteague
• Follow Us on Twitter


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Welcome entrepreneurs, startup founders, and solo innovators. Achieve your goals with help from THG. Learn and apply lean startup methodologies to succeed faster and more often. We invite you to explore the ways we serve the needs of early stage companies and founders.
Table of Contents
Innovator's Digest
All the articles you need to read about entrepreneurship, innovation, and culture. Delivered once a month, straight to your inbox.
Public Classes
Teague teaches several local public classes in Washington, DC. See the list of currently offered classes on Skillshare and sign up for the Innovator's Digest to get alerts when new classes are announced.
Want to attend for free? See if you organization is interested in hosting a class. Contact us for more details.
Office Hours
Got a specific question about your startup? Get guidance on applying lean startup methodologies to validate your customer assumptions, product, and business model. Talk with Teague about using principles of customer development and minimum viable products to succeed faster and manage the risks inherent in any startup venture. You can schedule a free 30-minute call during office hours and chat with Teague over Skype.
Join us for Culture Camp DC, the unconference on creating great company culture.


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There are some universal truths applicable to every nonprofit organization, beginning with legal responsibility. Whether as board members you are called trustees, directors, governors, or something else, you are in essence the trustees in the literal and legal sense of the term. No matter how the organization is structured or the degree of authority delegated to staff, committees, or affiliates, the board and therefore the trustees are ultimately accountable.
Whether it is a service agency or a cause-oriented membership association, the board has the principal responsibility for fulfillment of the organization's mission and the legal accountability for its operations. Usually the bylaws stipulate something like, "The affairs of the corporation are vested with the board." There have been several legal cases where board members were held legally accountable, largely because they had failed to exercise reasonable oversight and objectivity. When those cases are reported in the newspapers, the trustees are often quoted as, ". . . not having seen financial reports," ". . . not having known," or ". . . not aware that the organization had contracted with a firm owned by one of the staff or board members," or in other ways making clear that the trustees had not taken responsibility for knowing what was going on.
Although the legal responsibility is real, and some boards and agencies are highly complex, the role of the board should still be seen in the fairly simple framework of "What are trustees accountable for?"
The BBB Wise Giving Alliance (a merger of the Better Business Bureau's Philanthropic Advisory Service and the National Charities Information Bureau) has developed "Standards for Charitable Accountability" and indicates that, "Organizations that comply with these accountability standards have provided documentation that they meet basic standards . . . in how they govern their organization, in the ways they spend their money, in the truthfulness of their representations, and in their willingness to disclose basic information to the public."
The Alliance Standards also are specific about board performance, for example:
Governance and Oversight
The governing board has the ultimate oversight authority for any charitable organization. This section of the standards seeks to ensure that the volunteer board is active, independent and free of self-dealing. To meet these standards, the organization shall have:
A board of directors that provides adequate oversight of the charity's operations and its staff. Indication of adequate oversight includes, but is not limited to, regularly scheduled appraisals of the CEO's performance, evidence of disbursement controls such as board approval of the budget, fund raising practices, establishment of a conflict of interest policy and establishment of accounting procedures sufficient to safeguard charity finances.
A board of directors with a minimum of five voting members.
A minimum of three evenly spaced meetings per year of the full governing body with a majority in attendance, with face-to-face participation. A conference call of the full board can substitute for one of the three meetings of the governing body. For all meetings, alternative modes of participation are acceptable for those with physical disabilities.
Not more than one or 10% (whichever is greater) directly or indirectly compensated persons(s) serving as voting member(s) of the board. Compensated members shall not serve as the board's chair or treasurer.
No transaction(s) in which any board or staff members have material conflicting interests with the charity resulting from any relationship or business affiliation. Factors that will be considered when concluding whether or not a related party transaction constitutes a conflict of interest and if such a conflict is material, include, but are not limited to: any arm's length procedures established by the charity; the size of the transaction relative to like expenses of the charity; whether the interested party participated in the board vote on the transaction; if competitive bids were sought and whether the transaction is one-time, recurring or ongoing.
The governing board has the ultimate oversight authority for any charitable organization. This section of the standards seeks to ensure that the volunteer board is active, independent and free of self-dealing. To meet these standards, the organization shall have:
Marc Owens, an Alliance board member and former director of the IRS Exempt Organizations Division from 1990-2000, confirmed the comprehensiveness of the new standards. "Over the years, I have seen quite a broad range of problems regarding the accountability of charitable organizations. These proposed new charity standards comprehensively address both existing and emerging ethical issues facing charities today."
It's revealing that the Standards emphasize the role of the board itself. Although it may seem simplistic to say that the first role of the board is to be sure that the board is fulfilling its role, that's often the last place where accountability is exercised. Board members blame staff, committees, the fundraising chairman, the treasurer, and everyone else for failures in the operation, but rarely take a look at whether the board itself meets the kind of standards laid down for boards by the Alliance.
In "Major Challenges to Philanthropy," a paper commissioned by INDEPENDENT SECTOR, Robert L. Payton, former president of the Exxon Education Foundation and later director of Indiana University's Center on Philanthropy, put it on the line:
As a group, it is the trustees who are most important in protecting the standards of philanthropy. If you smile at that, knowing from our own experience of trustees whose ignorance or single-mindedness made them part of the problem rather than part of the solution, I also smile-but in pained discomfort. Like it or not, the trustees are the structural bulwark defending the public interest in philanthropy. And if I'm right about that, then the education of trustees claims a very high priority on our collective agenda.
Many volunteer heads of voluntary organizations confide that they're well into the job before they really understand what it's all about. This is sorry state of affairs, particularly because much of what the volunteer president or chairperson's term will mean is represented by what is accomplished during the first months on the job. The planning, recruiting, orienting, training, and other essential leadership functions have to be accomplished and accomplished early if the operation is to have sensible direction and exciting thrust. It's toward the goal of early preparation that the following urgent suggestions are made.
Mr. or Mme. President, you are the person morally responsible for your public agency. No matter how inadequate you may feel or even if you have people to whom you can delegate, you are the person who is accountable to your fellow citizens for the expenditure of their dollars contributed to help your agency pursue its service to society.
It's your responsibility to see that the activities that the officers, board of directors, and committee heads set out to do are being carried out. One of the basic approaches is to have certain checkpoints during the year. At these times, provide project and committee chairpersons with an opportunity to report at meetings of the board of directors. It will also be important for you to stay close enough to be able to judge the progress or lack of it and to sit down with the chairpersons to discuss any impediments.
If a key subordinate is letting you down, face up to the task of replacement. Usually the individual will be relieved to be out from under the responsibility. But even if he or she is unhappy with your action, your larger responsibility is to the contributors and to your community.
To have time for basic management responsibilities, it will be essential for you to avoid being directly responsible for immediate projects. Find people who can carry these projects for you. Your function and goal is to see that the volunteer talent of the organization is being developed. To the extent that you get trapped into assuming responsibility for individual projects and issues, you will not be using your limited time to expand the capacity of the organization to deal with an increasing number of projects and issues.
Be fully conditioned to the human relationship aspects of the role of president. Be prepared and leave time for dealing with many different personalities, most of whom at some point will need soothing, stroking, and encouragement.
Your success will be measured in three important ways: 1) the achievement of the things you set out to accomplish; 2) the fulfillment of the organization's other major projects and its response to unexpected crises and opportunities; and 3) the increase in volunteer involvement, leadership, and responsibility that has been generated during your term.
Over the years I've developed a list of "musts" for presidents. Individual situations vary, and perhaps not all of these will fit your circumstances, but my observation is that the president who rates well on this checklist will be running an exciting operation. On the other side, in the breakdowns I've seen of presidential leadership in nonprofit organizations, the failures can usually be traced to ignoring some of these musts:
The fundraising commitment must begin with the board and must be high on the agenda of a significant number of the trustees. Not only must it be of high priority, it must also be high in status and recognition within the organization. That's not easy. If you're wondering how to get moving, you probably are familiar already with the problem of having board members not really recruited with fundraising responsibilities distinctly in mind. And if you're already getting most of your support from fees, contracts, or a federated fund such as United Way, it's even harder to stir up real fundraising interest and urgency. Raising money takes dogged persistence, bullheadedness, salesmanship, year-round cultivation, board support and encouragement, a plan, an attainable goal, and lots of excitement-to wit, it's hard work. But if the board decides it is going to raise money and is willing to allocate at least 20 percent of its energy and resources to accomplish it, you can and will succeed.
Every time I'm asked by a board delegation if I think their organization can raise money, I repeat that they are in for some awfully hard work. I don't say this to discourage them. Indeed, I hope they'll push on, and I hope this applies to you. But if you're timid, or your organization isn't really determined, you won't survive the obstacles, heartaches, and difficulties that, unfortunately, I can promise you are ahead. On the other hand, if you have a cause that deserves support and you're willing to scratch, kick, and beg, you can raise money.
The procedure for getting a new or renewed fundraising effort under way should be something like this:
Basically, a plan involves the following:
Identify the type or types of fundraising to be undertaken.
Establish a realistic goal for the first year.
Determine exactly how many board members and other campaign workers you need to make the contacts necessary to raise that amount of money.
Set a firm timetable for recruitment, training, campaigning, reporting, and recognition.
Decide on the budget.
Basically, a plan involves the following:
If your reaction, and maybe even the staff's, is to apologize for becoming too much like a fundraising organization-and maybe even to decline too much involvement because "we're essentially a program agency" or because "I'm here because I'm a program person" cancel the campaign until and unless the tune is changed to "I know how important it is to raise money, so how can I help?"
An organization that handles more than $100,000 should have an independent audit and, therefore, is bound by the accounting practices spelled out in the various audit guides published by the American Institute of Certified Public Accountants.
Even if your organization is not required to have an audit, you should consult an auditor to determine what requirements or practices are necessary to protect board members, the organization, and the public, and to help structure your accounting system and your basic financial reports, including the budget, income and expense statement, and balance sheet. They will also advise you on what reports you are required to submit to state and federal authorities and the timetable for them.
Without getting into an exhaustive review of budget-making, it might be useful to comment briefly on the process of developing income and expense projections. Usually, leaders of voluntary operations are so close to the cause, or so overwhelmed with how much needs to be done, that they will overestimate income and underestimate expenses. The hard-headed realism of the treasurer and the finance committee is essential as an offsetting influence.
Income projections should be based on a practical and objective analysis of current sources of income, including a source-by-source and gift-by-gift review. This not only makes for practical budgeting but also provides sensible preparation for the degree of work necessary to renew gifts and grants and find new money. It's essential not to budget substantial new income-certainly not to count on it, to cover fixed expenses. The usual approach for nonprofit agencies is to hope so desperately for new income that it's counted in the budget; then, when it doesn't materialize, the agency ends up with a deficit or horrendous cutback. The wiser approach is to have an opportunity for budget revision during the year to allow additions according to new income actually produced.
If you have staff, expense projections are usually developed by the staff director. Here the volunteer president should be carefully consulted, and, of course, the treasurer and finance committee will be closely involved.
It is important that the finance committee never be allowed the authority to make decisions that rightfully belong to the executive committee or board. Many finance committees, in their efforts to cut or control expenditures, will make decisions about what activities should stay or go, which is beyond their authority. They should say to the president, staff, and board that their appraisal of income projections will not sustain the expenses budgeted. Then, if the board agrees with the finance committee's figures, it is up to the board and staff to decide where the cuts will be made.
The budget should be prepared early enough so that the full board of directors can be involved in its review and approval before the beginning of the fiscal year.
The format for the budget should include at least:
An organization should produce a monthly or at least quarterly income and expense statement, balance sheet, and budget status report. These should go to the board of directors in advance of their meetings. Copies should also be sent to the finance committee.
Your most important financial report will be the annual audit, which should certainly go to the board with ample opportunity for discussion. At least some members of the board should fulfill the functions of an audit committee. Larger organizations will have a separate audit committee, but smaller groups may combine this with the work of the finance or executive committee or the full board.
In my long experience with nonprofit organizations I've had some pretty rude awakenings and learned some pretty sad lessons. Let me summarize these lessons from the school of financial hard knocks. The lessons and the consequences apply to both board and staff.
Many voluntary organizations are as elaborate and sophisticated as the best businesses in their approach to financial planning, management of cash, decentralized budgeting, profit centers, and computerization of data, so that they can provide trustees and staff with every possible analysis of financial operations and trends. However large or small the operation and however much sophisticated equipment is available to you, it still comes down to "What am I accountable for?" And at the top of the list is stewardship.


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Viewing All 48 Photos
Certified photos by travelers like you. What's this?
May 2011
My lovely girlfriend exiting the spiral staircase out of the Catacombs
May 2016
Down in the Catacombs
Exploring the depths of Paris with our guide Alberto.
October 2013
Our tour guide.
Sorry, I don't remember her name, but she was the best!
June 2013
Enjoying the Catacomb Tour!
Admiring and reflecting on Paris and its past people! The walls that are decorated with the bones of the past is spectacular!!!
June 2013
Sweet pic in the catacombs!
a couple of skulls inside the Catacombs! This is a MUST SEE!!!
May 2013
We took this photo and saw this in the Image
Is it a trick of the light or perhaps the angry spirit of one of the Catacombs inhabitants....
August 2012
You aren't allowed to use a flash, but the many flood lights make picture taking easy enough.
August 2012
A keg-shaped pillar of bones enhances this room deep in the Catacombs.
August 2012
Miner's art work
one of the miner's recreated the prison he had been held in while on rest breaks


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Orange County home prices rise 23% in July
Single-family home prices in Orange County increased 22.9 percent in July, the 14th consecutive month of rising prices, according to Irvine-based housing tracker CoreLogic.
July saw the biggest percentage gain in CoreLogic's records since prices stopped falling in May 2012.
CoreLogic is the third market tracker to report double-digit home price gains in the county for July. DataQuick reported earlier that the median price of a single-family home rose 18.6 percent in July, while the California Association of Realtor pegged the increase at 22.5 percent.
Nationwide, home prices increased for a 17th consecutive month in July, rising 12.4 percent from a year earlier, CoreLogic reported.
U.S. single-family home prices now are within 18 percent of their peak levels reached in April of 2006.
In California as a whole, home prices increased 23.2 percent, the second highest among states.
Prices were up 22.6 percent in Los Angeles County and 22.5 percent in the Inland Empire.
"Home prices continued to surge in July," said CoreLogic Chief Economist Mark Fleming.
But Fleming predicted that price growth will slow in the second half of the year "as seasonal demand wanes and higher mortgage rates have a marginal impact on home purchase demand."
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BroadBand Light (BBL)
As we age, our skin's natural ability to fend off UV rays from the sun begins to deteriorate, and as a result, we see the development of age spots and sun damage. Cole Aesthetic Center offers the most advanced and widest variety of BroadBand Light (BBL) Laser technology, also referred to as photorejuvenation.
Using our BBL Laser System, our professionals can precisely treat age and sun spots, freckles, blotchiness, small facial veins, and many other skin conditions. Your treatment will be tailored to match your skin type and your desired results.
"I had sun damaged skin, irregular skin tone, and many moles. Your staff has enthusiasm, knowledge, skill and competence. I had 5 sessions of Broad Band Light laser treatments and from the first treatment have experienced remarkable firming and my skin looked better after each procedure." — Cole Aesthetic Center patient
Your BBL Treatment
Any area of your body can be treated. The most common areas are those that have had the most exposure to the damaging effects of sunlight including the face, neck, back of the hands, upper chest, and shoulders.
Each treatment takes approximately 20-30 minutes. The pulses feel like a warm rubber band snapping against your skin. Some patients may experience mild discomfort, so a topical anesthetic cream can be applied 30-60 minutes prior to treatment. Following each treatment, skin may appear red and flushed for up to 12 hours, and/or brown spots may become darker. Redness usually disappears within an hour, and brown spots fade over the course of 1-5 weeks.
The light energy of the BBL gently heats the upper layers of your skin and stimulates your skin cells to regenerate new collagen foundation, leading to increased skin firmness, smoother skin texture, and a more even color to your skin surface. You will notice positive changes even after your very first session.
Your treated skin will feel smoother, fine lines and pores will be less noticeable, and sunspots or uneven pigmentation will fade. Your specific results depend on your condition, number of treatments, and areas treated. Dr. Cole will provide you with complete information about the post-treatment care and results.
Forever Young BBL
Cole Aesthetic Center offers the revolutionary Forever Young BBL treatments. This is a special type of BBL treatment that, depending on your skin type and unique goals, can help you greatly improve your skin appearance and health.
Scientific evidence from a long-term Stanford University study demonstrates regular maintenance treatments using Forever Young BBL functionally rejuvenates skin and delays skin aging. Specifically, regular Forever Young BBL treatments can restore gene expression of aged human skin to resemble much younger skin.
With regular Forever Young BBL treatments, your skin will look clear, smooth, and much younger. The benefits include:
- Zero downtime: Patients resume normal activities immediately.
- Long lasting results: Studies include patients treated 10+ years ago.
- Fast treatment: Average treatment time of 12-15 minutes for a full face.
- Effective on all body areas: Face, neck, chest, arms, and hands.
Schedule your consultation!
With BBL treatments, your treated skin will feel smoother, fine lines and pores will be less noticeable, and sunspots or uneven pigmentation will fade. Your specific results depend on your condition, number of treatments, and areas treated. Dr. Cole will provide you with complete information about the post-treatment care and results.
Please fill out the form on the right to set up your consultation. You can also call us at (360) 865-4941.


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The nationally recognized Arvada Center presents its Summer 2012 Exhibition series, FACES, PLACES & SPACES. FACES, hosted in the main gallery, goes beyond the traditional portrait show focusing only on the face, the quintessential expression of humanity. Through painting, photography and sculpture, PLACES, in the upper gallery, highlights the juxtaposition of the interior, intimate and exterior, urban places created by humans. SPACES, in the theater gallery and in collaboration with Michele Mosko will feature large encaustic work by Earl Schofield and ethereal paintings by Lanny DeVuono, two artists who tackle open spaces.
Since its opening in July 1976, the award winning Arvada Center for the Arts and Humanities has grown to become one of the nation's largest multidisciplinary arts centers, devoted to all aspects of the arts and generously supported in part by the City of Arvada and by the Scientific & Cultural Facilities District (SCFD). The Galleries at the Arvada Center host over 12 Exhibitions per year, with a focus on regional artists.
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Art of the State 2016 Publicado 04 de enero de 2016
UNBOUND Publicado 03 de diciembre de 2015
COLLECT Publicado 12 de marzo de 2014
Earth Moves Publicado 27 de agosto de 2013
Art of the State Publicado 11 de enero de 2013
Uncommon Ground: Impact and Influence Publicado 16 de agosto de 2011
Two-Fisted Art Attack Publicado 23 de junio de 2010
Continental Divide Publicado 09 de septiembre de 2009


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West Coast Brazilian Jiu-Jitsu Tournament!!!
The 2nd West Coast Jiu-Jitsu Tournament has been scheduled for October 8th, 2005.
The Tournament will be held in Northern California, at the Gym of Kezar Pavilion located at 755 Stanyan St., San Francisco CA 94117.
The tournament will have children, juniors, adult, master, senior, male and female, divisions from white to black belt levels. The event will be GI only!
The organizers Charles and Ralph Gracie would like to thank you for making last year`s tournament a very positive experience for everyone that competed in the West Coast Brazilian Jiu-Jitsu Tournament.
Charles Gracie: 'We would love to see all athletes, spectators, family, martial artists, etc... Gather in this friendly atmosphere that will help promote the great art of Brazilian Jiu-Jitsu. We are expecting and prepared for a large turnout in both competitors and public, so be prepared to fight with the best! We guarantee that the spectators and the athletes will be very happy with the new twists.`
Ralph Gracie: 'After four great United Gracie events, especially the last one (May 2005) with record number of competitors and spectators, we decided it was time for one more event in the early fall. So we hope to see everyone here on October 8th for the West Coast Jiu-Jitsu Tournament!'
We will have all the information regarding the Tournament posted in our web site on 08/16/05, also we will post the tournament information on other web sites and we will send out the package information through our mailing list.
To request the Tournament Full Information Package you can call us at (650) 756-7579 or contact us by email at firstname.lastname@example.com
Thank you all in advance for your cooperation and support.
Charles and Ralph Gracie
United Gracie Team


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Make sure the nuts are tight this time
Wheel came off while we were driving in town (slower). Had just been on the highway (driving fast) NO damage done and ALL nuts laying along side vehicle. ??????
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PHOTOS! Here are pictures and VIDEO of Randolph Cook (aka Randolph L. Cook or L Randolph Cook) talking about Oprah. Randolph Cook's Oprah allegations about drugs are not new. But Randolph Cook's Oprah claims are back in the press again today. Why?
Randolph Cook Pictures
Randolph Cook Photo 1
Randolph Cook Photo 2
Randolph Cook's claims have been around since at least 2007.
Back in 2007, the Post said of Cook:
"A man named Randolph Cook also claimed to be a part of Oprah's painful past, saying the two shacked up together in 1985 and enjoyed a torrid affair that included drug use …. He unsuccessfully sued Oprah for $20 million in 1997, alleging that she was blocking publication of his confessional tome. Oprah never went on record about what relationship, if any, she had with Cook, but copped to using … briefly in her 20s during a 1995 taping of her show.
The Cook v. Oprah lawsuit has been online for over a year. You can read the decision here Randolph L. Cook v Oprah Winfrey, 7th FindLaw 973403 (7th Cir. 1998-04-08)
So why is this story back in the press?
Because of National Enquirer reportedly claims its story is "exclusive" and "new" this week. New?
"[I]n his blockbuster … tell-all The Wizard of O: My Life With Oprah, her ex-lover, Chicago businessman Randolph Cook, makes the stunning disclosure that the talk queen resumed her … habit during their secret affair which began in 1984."


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This page is for auto collision repair quotes, collision repair tips, car trivia, car facts, car games, and anything else that is fun and auto related. You gotta have a little fun….right?
4 Car Myths
10 Fun Car Trivia Facts
Fun cross word
Fun Quizzes
- Fun Car Trivia Quiz – TEST YOUR Car Trivia Quiz
- Quiz – Test Your Dent Repair Skills and Manga-Spot Welder Gun Knowledge!
- Quiz – Auto Body and Paint Quiz
- YouTube Quiz – Interactive Auto Body Quiz On YouTube.
Car Trivia
Automotive Trivia Questions?
- The Model T was painted only black from 1915 to 1925. However, prior to 1915 and after 1925 they were produced in different colors. Question – Why were they only produced in black for nearly a decade? – – ANSWER…To lower production cost making the car more affordable.
- What was the first "personal car" that was mass produced and won wide public acceptance?...ANSWER…1965 Ford Mustang!
- The first Chevrolet Corvette rolled off the production line on June 30, 1953, at the GM plant in Flint, Michigan. Question: How many corvettes were built that year?…ANSWER…300
- There were only 602 Camaro Z/28's made in 1967….wouldn't you like to have one….. What does Z/28 Mean?…… Answer…Larry Montanez Nothing. Z28 is an RPO code from 1967 for a 302ci motor to meet the SCCA race requirements. GM took a 327 and installed a 289 crank to get the 302, in 69 they actually built a 302.
- What car sold more than one million units in 1965, setting a record that still stands today?….Answer….Chris Sheehy – The Ford Mustang at the Worlds Fair
- Windshield wipers were introduced by a woman….what has her name? What year?….Answer…Tony Molla Mary – Anderson. She invented the windshield wiper in 1903, patented the idea in 1905 and they became standard equipment on all cars and trucks in 1916.
- Cleveland was the first city in the United States to get a traffic light in 1914.
- There were two tone paint jobs before masking tape was invented by 3M in 1923. Painters would glue paper to make their two tone to divide lines.
- In 1920 Joseph Johnson and William Seidemann started making interchangeable sockets. They made 10 sockets that would snap on to 10 interchangeable wrenches. Then they would take the tools to businesses and try to sell them on the tools benefits. Currently, the company, Snap-On, is still doing the same thing.
- The first body repair men were blacksmiths and carpenters.
Strange Video…Burn Out or Burn Up? – http://www.streetfire.net/video/corvette-catches-fire-during-burnout_2190709.htm
Car Quotes
- "Coming together is a beginning; keeping together is progress; working together is success." `Henry Ford
- The civilized man has built a coach, but has lost the use of his feet. ~Ralph Waldo Emerson
- The best car safety device is a rear-view mirror with a cop in it. ~ Dudley Moore
- Failure is simply the opportunity to begin again, this time more intelligently. ~Henry Ford
- Nothing is particularly hard if you divide it into small jobs. ~Henry Ford
- Have You Used The 3M Accuspray Primer Gun?
- Are you happy with your collision repair career or future collision career?
What is your favorite car quote, trivia, fact, etc. ? Post it in the comments Below!


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Axeda and Intel Develop Internet of Things Solutions for Industrial, Energy & Transportation Industries
Axeda Go Developer Kit Now Available for Intel Quark Lower-Power, Extended Temp Product Line
FOXBORO, Mass. - April 2, 2014 - Axeda, the leading cloud-based service and software for connecting, building and managing Internet of Things (IoT) solutions, today announced a technology alliance with Intel® that utilizes the unique advantages of the Intel® Quark™ SoC X1000 Series processors to help rapidly evolve IoT solutions for the industrial, energy & transportation industries. The collaboration includes Axeda Ready certification of the Intel® Galileo development board and Intel Quark SoC X1000 Series processor to ensure compatibility with the Axeda Machine Cloud.
Axeda and Intel have also developed an Axeda Go developer kit for connecting an Intel Galileo development board to the Axeda Machine Cloud, provisioning the device on the Axeda Machine Cloud developer site, and installing the Axeda Agent code into a Galileo workspace. The Intel® Galileo board is based on the Intel® Quark™ SoC X1000, a 32-bit Intel Pentium®-class system on a chip (SoC) and is software-compatible with the Arduino Software Development Environment. In addition, the board has several industry standard I/O ports including a full sized mini-PCI Express slot, 100Mb Ethernet port, Micro-SD slot, RS-232 serial port, USB Host port, and USB Client Port. By allowing the Intel Quark SoC X1000 Series processors to quickly and easily integrate with the Axeda Machine Cloud, the Axeda Ready and Axeda Go programs extend the reach of the IoT, broaden options available to customers, and reduce the cost and complexity of connecting and developing intelligent products.
Uniquely Suited for Industrial, Energy & Transportation Industries
As the industrial IoT becomes more advanced and connected, the industrial, energy and transportation sectors need solutions with more processing power at the edge and that are robust, reliable and offer extended temperature and low power. The Intel Quark SoC X1000 Series extends the company's reach into these markets. The Quark product family features error-correcting code (ECC), industrial temperature range and integrated security. ECC delivers a high level of data integrity, reliability and system uptime for equipment required to run at all times, while industrial temperature range helps meet the requirements for industrial control and automation applications. The Intel Quark processor core is a 32-bit, single core, single-thread, Intel® Pentium® instruction set architecture (ISA) compatible CPU operating at speeds up to 400MHz.
"The Internet of Things is enabling and accelerating new services and capabilities, and Intel's vision to push into lower power regimes, combined with high temp capabilities is a game-changer for industrial, energy and transportation," said Todd DeSisto, Axeda President and CEO. "By enabling Intel processor and communication technology to seamlessly work with the Axeda Machine Cloud, we are offering entirely new building blocks for IoT delivery."
"The impact of the IoT in transportation, energy and industry is undeniable, but its promise will only be realized when industry leaders enable customers to turn the vision into reality," said Kumar Balasubramanian, general manager, IoT Solutions Group, Intel. "Our work with Axeda will enable broader adoption and is ideally suited for the industrial, energy and transportation sectors."
Innovative Products for Rapidly Evolving Markets
Organizations need more innovative ways to harness ever-increasing amounts of data from the physical world and use it to drive smarter decisions, enable new services and business models, and reduce costs. In some industries, the costs of offering, managing, and covering recalls and warranties are significant. Axeda customers are using data from connected products to reduce these costs and automate tasks such as product registration, usage reporting, and claim management.
Companies are also connecting their more intelligent products to analyze machine data and enable predictive maintenance. They are implementing business rules, alarms and alerts at the edge and in their enterprise business systems to automate field service, spare part deployment and other maintenance tasks. Machines are being designed with more processing power and being instrumented with temperature, infrared, acoustic, vibration, battery-level and sound sensors to optimize performance and monitor conditions that can be early indicators for the need for maintenance. These sensors are inputs into sophisticated rules for predicting service needs and illustrate the need for more processing power at the edge where the data is being collected.
For more information about the Axeda solution for the Intel® Quark™ SoC X1000, go to www.axeda.com/go-intel
About Axeda
Axeda provides the most advanced cloud-based service and software for managing connected products and machines and implementing innovative M2M and Internet of Things solutions. We reduce the cost and complexity of connecting and remotely servicing the products of the world's leading companies. Our customers use the Axeda Machine Cloud® to turn machine data into useful information, build and run innovative M2M applications and optimize business processes by integrating machine data.
By relying on the Axeda® Platform to power their connected products, companies are transforming their business by improving customer satisfaction, reducing costs, and generating new sources of revenue. The M2M solutions behind these connected products range from remote service, fleet management, usage-based insurance, asset tracking, mHealth, and more. Join our developer community at: http://developer.axeda.com and learn more at http://www.axeda.com.
Intel, Intel Quark and Intel Pentium are trademarks of Intel Corporation in the United States and other countries.
News Source : Axeda and Intel Develop Internet of Things Solutions for Industrial, Energy & Transportation Industries
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According to WWE sources close to Wrestlezone, the first inductee for the WWE Hall of Fame Class of 2014 is expected to be announced tonight on 'RAW'. Tickets for the WWE Hall of Fame Ceremony tickets go on sale this Saturday January 18th. The ceremony takes place at the New Orleans Arena on Saturday April 5th, the night before Wrestlemania 30.
Every year WWE creates buzz for this Wrestlemania week event by announcing the biggest star of that individual class the week tickets go on sale. If WWE follows this route, than fans should expect an announcement tonight on 'RAW' on the USA Network.
All signs point to the Ultimate Warrior as the first name announced for the 2014 class of honorees. Warrior who had a long public feud with WWE that even saw both sides battle in court, reportedly made peace with Vince McMahon last year. Rumors of Ultimate Warrior getting inducted have been circulating for years. After the iconic '80s wrestler appeared in a TV commercials promoting the 'WWE 2K14' video game last year, it seemed more likely than ever that the Warrior would get the call for the HOF honors.
Adding to this story, is the confirmation that WWE is setting to release a 'best-of' Ultimate Warrior DVD collection. This anthology is expected to be a collection of matches, and not a documentary like the company's controversial "Self-Desctruction of the Ultimate Warrior" which was released in 2005.


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Experience luminous, enchanting eyes with our highly blendable Illuminance Creme Shadow. Create artistic eye looks by layering multiple shades. Long-wearing and crease resistant. Available in 12 different colour palettes.
Average Price: $8.99
It's alright. Good for a glittery eye look now for the holidays.
I really like Revlon Illuminance Creme Eyeshadows! I have frequently purchased this product, as I love the brown, neutral creme eyeshadows; however, I always find that I use one colour more than another and run out of that colour first! I always end up being forced to purchase another package because I have run out of the two lighter shades!
I think that these are pretty good cream eyeshadows, but I also think that there are better cream eyeshadows out there. It would also be better to have more matte options. I like that these are really versatile to use, you can use them under eyeshadow, or as eyeshadow alone (though I find that they don't last as long this way) The lighter colors can also be used as a highlight. For people with drier eyelids, I think this could also be used as a cream liner, set with eyeshadow.
i bought black magic 711 just for a change in my eyeshadow routine...love the creaminess and the shimmer that they have...beautiful range of colors, and perfect for my teenage nieces...would def buy them again
This was the first creme eye shadow I bought. I feel in love with the colours and had to buy it.
Pros: rich pigment colours, smooth texture, easy to apply, great to use at night or during the day (for me), just enough sparkle/glitter without it being over the top, works well as a highlighter.
Cons: the shadow does come off a bit without a base/primer.
I will absolutely buy this quad again, best choice at a relatively cheap price. I might check out the other colour selections too.
I do not like this product. You have to re apply it throughout the day because it wears away or it collects in the crease of your eyelid ( you know what im talking about) This eyeshadow doesnt work for me at all, i hate applying it its sticky and harder to apply then normal pigment eyeshadow and its supposed to be long lasting? I would deffinatly not buy this product ever again!
I like the free eyeshadow, only thing is it usually doesn't last to long, and I find I have to re-apply it to my eyes a few times during the day. Really wish it lasted longer.
This eye shadow is "OK". I recently purchased this at Shoppers Drug Mart on sale (2 for $15), so the price was fabulous. I found the colour was bright, and it applied nicely - but it creased up a lot on me. I also found that the wear of the shadow wasn't very long, and I had to reapply half way through my day. I wouldn't purchase again.
I didn't find this creme shadow to work well with my skin. I found it creased a lot. The colors were great but because of all the creasing and smudging I would not repurchase.
This first caught my attention because of the metallic appearance of the colours (I have 'Wild Orchids'). I was looking for something with a bit more colour payoff than the Revlon 12h quads. I guess I missed the fact that it was *creme* eyeshadow, because I found it difficult to apply.
Maybe I'm doing it wrong, but I've been using my fingers to apply it, and I find misplacements rather difficult to correct. Also, I found I was using more to cover than I expected. Still, if I apply it correctly, I get a lot of compliments on it. Not sure if I would buy again.
These reviews are the subjective opinions of ChickAdvisor members and not of ChickAdvisor Inc.


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I just installed
linux-image-686-pae on my Debian system and the PAE kernel effectively increased the memory limit.
However for some reason my dual monitors both show the same image, instead of an expanded desktop. When I use GRUB to boot the normal kernel, the second monitor once again expands the desktop. What's going on?


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Queer/Art/Film and the Sundance Cinemas announced yesterday the launch of a new series, Queer/Art/Film LA. For the monthly series, LA-based queer artists across disciplines will present a film that has inspired them, followed by a conversation about the film and its relationship to their own creativity.
The series will be co-curated by Martabel Wasserman and filmmakers Adam Baran and Ira Sachs. The inaugural season includes Liquid Sky, presented by A.L. Steiner, Ali: Fear Eats the Soul, presented by Wu Tsang, and Jubilee presented by Zach Blas.
Called "essential" by the New Yorker, the community-based series Queer/Art/Film was founded in 2009 at the IFC Film Center in NYC, and has included artists such as Justin Vivian Bond, Amos Mac, Barbara Hammer, Kate Bornstein, Larry Kramer, Dee Rees, Laurie Weeks, Lea Delaria, and Hilton Als. Films screened have included such diverse programming as Performance, Dancer in the Dark, Salo, or the 120 Days of Sodom, Portrait of Jason, Times Square, and The Killing of Sister George. The New York Times has said, "Queer/Art/Film has fast become one of the city's most adventurous repertory programs."
The three presenters in the first season of Queer/Art/Film LA are: multi-media artist A.L. Steiner, whose work crosses boundaries between sex and art, and has been included in both the Whitney and Hammer Biennials; filmmaker and performer Wu Tsang, whose film Wildness documents the birth and death of the club night "Wildness" at the LGBTQ Latin bar Silver Platter; and Zach Blas, an artist and curator known for his invention of Fag Face, a queering of facial recognition software.
Ira Sachs says of the NYseries, "It's a community gathering where we are reminded monthly of the breadth and depth of queer creativity and queer history." Wasserman adds, "For a city with as thriving a queer and art scene as LA, there are very few opportunities for those overlapping communities to come together; we imagine Queer/Art/Film LA as a new site for the birth of new queer creativity."
Get tickets for Liquid Sky, presented by A.L. Steiner