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IMF Executive Board Concludes 2006 Article IV Consultation with BoliviaPublic Information Notice (PIN) No. 06/77
July 19, 2006
Public Information Notices (PINs) form part of the IMF's efforts to promote transparency of the IMF's views and analysis of economic developments and policies. With the consent of the country (or countries) concerned, PINs are issued after Executive Board discussions of Article IV consultations with member countries, of its surveillance of developments at the regional level, of post-program monitoring, and of ex post assessments of member countries with longer-term program engagements. PINs are also issued after Executive Board discussions of general policy matters, unless otherwise decided by the Executive Board in a particular case.
On July 17, 2006, the Executive Board of the International Monetary Fund (IMF) concluded the Article IV consultation with Bolivia.1
Despite wide-ranging economic reforms over the past two decades, the accomplishment of macroeconomic stability, and a major expansion of the hydrocarbons sector, Bolivia has achieved only modest gains in poverty reduction and inequality has remained high. The reform process, which encompassed privatizations and liberalization of the exchange and trade systems, contributed to a major decline in inflation and to an increase in growth in the 1990s. However, the growth performance deteriorated during 1999-2003 in the context of rising social tensions and political instability, and the partial recovery of the last two years has been concentrated in the highly capital-intensive hydrocarbons sector. As a result, Bolivia's key social indicators have continued to lag.
Over the past year, Bolivia has experienced major political changes, against the background of entrenched dissatisfaction with the country's poor social indicators and weak governance. Following a protracted political crisis, the constitution was amended in June 2005 to allow early presidential and congressional elections for a new full five-year period in December 2005, together with the first direct elections for regional governors. Agreement was also reached on calling a constitutional assembly and a referendum on regional autonomy in July 2006. The elections resulted in a major renewal of Congress and in a landslide victory for Evo Morales, the first indigenous head of state in Bolivian history.
The new government has inherited a favorable macroeconomic situation, associated in large measure with the extremely favorable international environment. In 2005, GDP growth was just above 4 percent and the fiscal deficit narrowed to 2.3 percent of GDP. Inflation was contained below 5 percent following an acceleration early in the year due to petroleum price increases, supply disruptions, and imported inflation. Financial sector stability improved as deposits and credit increased for the first time in several years, and the balance of payments remained strong with official foreign exchange reserves rising to historic highs. Financial dollarization declined, due to expectations of exchange rate appreciation as well as prudential and tax measures that have increased the cost of holding foreign currency. The Multilateral Debt Relief Initiative has resulted in a substantial reduction of the public debt burden.
Thus far in 2006, the economy has kept the positive trends observed in 2005. Economic activity has been led by high export values of hydrocarbon and mining products, which have contributed to a strong external current account surplus. Inflation has continued in the low single digits, following a decreasing trend that started in the fourth quarter of 2005, and the overall fiscal position is in surplus. In particular, sub-national governments have been accumulating sizable deposits at the central bank, thereby helping sterilize the monetary impact of the rapid international reserve accumulation. Indicators of banking system soundness have been broadly stable, with high liquidity and capital adequacy ratios above mandatory levels.
The economic outlook for the remainder of 2006 remains positive, helped in large part by continued highly favorable external conditions, notably high energy prices. Real GDP growth is expected at just above 4 percent, with inflation in the low single digits. The combined public sector is expected to record a near balance for the year as a whole as the temporary extra revenues accrued from the new hydrocarbons policy framework would not be translated immediately into investment spending by Yacimientos Petrolíferos Fiscales Bolivianos (YPFB). Reflecting debt relief under the Multilateral Debt Relief Initiative (see Press Release No. 05/286), the ratio of public debt to GDP is projected to decline from 71 percent at end-2005 to 51 percent by end-2006. Accumulation of official reserves is projected to continue, reflecting a strong external current account surplus associated with high international prices of fuels and minerals.
Executive Board Assessment
Executive Directors noted that, benefiting from prudent macroeconomic policies and a very favorable external environment, the Bolivian economy sustained a strong performance in 2005 and so far in 2006. This performance reflected satisfactory GDP growth, a strong balance of payments, low inflation, improvements in the fiscal position, and historically high levels of international reserves. Despite periods of political uncertainty, the banking system has remained stable and dollarization has declined somewhat. Reflecting debt relief under the MDRI, the burden of the public debt has been substantially reduced.
Looking ahead, Directors noted that Bolivia's short-term prospects are favorable but medium-term challenges remain. They encouraged the government to take advantage of its strong mandate to push forward with the necessary policies for cementing the recent macroeconomic gains, enhancing the business climate, and promoting higher, diversified, and more equitable growth. In this context, Directors welcomed the authorities' emphasis on safeguarding macroeconomic stability and strengthening governance.
Directors stressed the importance of fiscal prudence and strengthened public expenditure management to ensure fiscal sustainability. The combined public sector is projected to be close to balance in 2006 reflecting mostly strong revenues from the hydrocarbon sector. However, the deficit would re-emerge in 2007 in the absence of another exceptional hydrocarbon revenue yield, and also reflecting higher YPFB investments and payments for the acquisition of shares in the nationalized companies. Directors noted that this could have possible implications for debt sustainability. The authorities were therefore encouraged to strengthen expenditure management at all levels of government. In this context, Directors welcomed the government's firmness in containing wage increases to manageable levels. However, some Directors observed that salary compression at the higher levels appear at odds with the government's economic strategy that may require an upgrading of the management of public entities. It was also stressed that the resources made available as a result of debt relief under the MDRI should be spent effectively.
Directors stressed that enhancing fiscal transparency and accountability at all levels of government will require strengthening the budget process and intergovernmental fiscal relations. The authorities were encouraged to resubmit to Congress the draft budget framework law. Regarding intergovernmental relations, the current revenue sharing and expenditure allocation system should be reassessed in light of the capacity to generate revenue at the subnational level, and made consistent with an agreed allocation of spending responsibilities across the different layers of government.
Directors expressed concern at rigidities in domestic petroleum pricing that generate inordinately large explicit and implicit subsidies. Accordingly, they stressed the need to move domestic petroleum product prices to international market-based levels, which could be undertaken gradually while using part of the resulting fiscal savings to protect vulnerable groups. Reflecting these subsidies explicitly and transparently in the budget would increase the public's awareness of their cost and support for their rationalization.
Directors recommended that attention be given to enhancing domestic taxation. Current plans to reduce exemptions and special regimes, rationalize the free trade zones legislation, and modify the VAT refund system to reduce fraud are welcome. Directors encouraged the authorities to revisit the scope for introducing a tax on high personal incomes, which would exclude the bulk of the population and thereby spread the tax burden more fairly. In the mining sector, where the government is considering an increased tax take, they noted the importance of ensuring that revenue measures do not discourage additional private investment.
Directors commended the central bank for continuing to pursue a cautious monetary policy stance. However, to better address inflationary concerns and improve the economy's ability to weather external shocks, many Directors recommended that the authorities consider a gradual and well-sequenced move towards greater exchange rate flexibility, which could be achieved in the context of a managed float. Such a move would require an adaptation of the monetary policy framework to monetary or inflation targeting. In this context, a number of Directors noted that it would be premature to adopt an inf lation targeting regime especially in view of the challenges associated with Bolivia's still dollarized economy. Some other Directors considered that, instead of moving to a managed float, it could be preferable to improve the operation of the current exchange rate regime.
Directors cautioned that, while the financial sector has strengthened notably, important challenges remain. In particular, care must be taken that the proposed public development banking system does not introduce distortions in the banking system, and that any related fiscal costs are clearly included in the budget.
Directors welcomed the government's emphasis on greater equity, transparency, and accountability. However, they saw the parallel emphasis on an elevated role for the state as risking the environment for private investment. Directors recommended that the authorities should therefore maintain a careful balance between government interventions in the economy and the preservation of appropriate incentives for private investment that remains critical to support growth and raise employment and living standards.
Directors observed that considerable uncertainty prevails in the hydrocarbons sector regarding the modalities for implementing the recent nationalization decree. They urged the authorities to work to achieve mutually acceptable arrangements with the concerned oil companies. Moreover, Directors noted that the expanded role newly assigned to YPFB will call for high-quality management and full transparency, consistent with international accounting and auditing standards.
Directors underscored that Bolivia may face a more competitive external environment for its nontraditional exports in the period ahead, including with the prospect of an erosion of preferential access to important markets. The authorities will therefore need to intensify their efforts to expand Bolivia's access to external markets. In addition, Directors considered that the medium-term outlook hinges crucially on the maintenance of a stable legal framework, notably with regard to property rights, which takes on added relevance in light of the land reform initiative and the potential for major institutional changes in the context of the forthcoming constitutional assembly.


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Roberge wasting no time
by Stuart Vose
Defender settling in and getting to know colleagues.
New boy Valentin Roberge is wasting no time in settling into his new surroundings.
The former Maritimo defender officially joined the club at the beginning of July and met his new team-mates for the first time on Wednesday.
It's straight into pre-season training for the Frenchman, who says it's important to get to know his new colleagues as soon as possible.
"I feel very happy to be here and I like so much what I have seen," he said. "It is a good group with good personalities.
"The first day was good. We made connections and I tried to speak with everybody and get to know everyone within the group."
That familiarisation process includes becoming fluent in English, something Roberge says is right at the top of his to-do list.
The defender is one of three French-speaking summer arrivals along with Modibo Diakite and midfielder Cabral.
"We need to make one group," he added. "We must speak English first. It is important to talk to everyone. We all must speak the same language.
"When I played in Greece and Portugal, there were French players there, but everywhere I went I learned the language. Greek was very complicated!"
Meanwhile Roberge says his new head coach, Paolo Di Canio, has already impressed his passion for the game on the club's new signings.
And the defender says such an attitude is infectious, explaining: "He likes players to be as passionate as he is about the game.
"He wants us to learn and loves what he does. We feel that. He lives football."

subset: commoncrawl


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Aug 17, 2009 9:29 AM
This Kitschy Pack O' Paper ($18) is a totally fun gift for a crafty friend, can keep your niece and nephew entertained for hours, and might actually come in handy when you're missing a game piece. Inside each packet you'll find old advertisements, comic strips, vintage t-shirt transfers, 60's illustrations, and various ephemera, like 70's game cards, to sort through. Other people's junk is now your treasure.
If you've got a product or service that you'd like to promote on Outblush, click here to find out about our advertising opportunities.
Outblush is a blog for girls who love to shop. Our staff digs up the best clothes, home stuff, beauty items, and more. New items are posted every day — bookmark us and check out:


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Artists join deviantART to share their art and appreciate others. Due to the many artists out there, it's easy to get towed under and generally obscured from the public.
Make a Difference aims to do exactly that. This series of articles will hopefully make a difference to you as well as the artists featured weekly. Just by giving one minute of your time to write constructive comments, favourites and even watches will make a difference to these artists.
captures some intriguing shots indeed, many of which happen to be at the right time and place! Most of the photos featured here offer a perspective that we can engage further with.
Fluessiges-Feuer's Gallery
's literature is creative in conveying the subject matter and imagery. We are immediately hooked by the opening line of many of her pieces of literature featured here, and we are not disappointed at all the more we read!
:thumb343048898: ~ An extract from Minesweeper
"You're driven to giving up.
You make stupid choices.
You're driven to take guesses and leaps of faith; sometimes they work, sometimes they don't."
:thumb342959266: ~ An extract from If Only
"If only our hearts
could be like the stars;
twinkling and shining
as a beacon to all."
:thumb344153494: ~ An extract from Brother
"He screams and puts his hand to his heart in a mock-startled way. He lets out an exaggerated breath. I ignore him and say, "There's no food anywhere!", over-expressing my hunger."
SourAir's Gallery
has a great variety of art within her gallery, though her own unique style is pretty powerful, especially when it comes to her pixel art which she does with lovely detail.
cNhiansae's Gallery
Previous three articles: #188, #187, #186
For more information about getting featured, previous articles etc. please click here.
Thank you for reading. Please Make a Difference today.


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Second of two tastings comparing 6 un-named and cask strentgh Islay bottlings:-
Malt Whisky Buyers Helpline 'Essence of Islay' vatted malt 61.5%
James MacArthur 'The Trinity' 2000-2006 61.0% vatting of three malts
Harris Whisky Company 1993-08.06 12yo 57.3% malt
Blackadder Raw Cask 'Peat Reek' 60.9% bottled 02.08 single cask single malt
The Golden Cask 1993 54.7% single malt
Finlaggan 58.0% single Malt
Tickets £17/14* Tolbooth Tavern, Canongate, Royal Mile, Edinburgh, Thursday 3rd July 27 spaces total. Drams can be mailed out for an additional £4 postage and packaging. *first timers/members discount. Membership cost £10 for first 13 months, £5 for second then free.
In an attempt to quantify how well the drams are received scoring sheets are issued with 10 possible grades. Results were summed up and converted to a percentage to represent popularity. This is a VERY crude method but gives a rough idea of which drams proved more successful than others for these 20 odd individuals on one particular night. The first tasting's results:-
Duncan Taylor Ltd 'Big Smoke' NAS blended malt 60%abv 40% of possible points
Cadenheads Islay vatted malt 56.6%abv 48% of points
Signatory Vintage single malt 5yo 58.4%abv 60% of points
The Highlands & Islands Scotch Whisky Co. Ltd 'The Ileach' single malt
58%abv 64% of points
Ian McLeod 'As We Get It' single malt 8yo 58%abv 67% of points
Adelphi 'Breath of Islay' single cask single malt 13yo 68% of points
Next tasting 19th June £20/17:-
North of Scotland 34yo 52.3% single grain
single malt clearach 43% sherry cask (less than 3yo)
Glen Fraser 21yo 40% Sherry cask
Talisker 25yo 57.8%
Haig bottled 1950s
mystery dram


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Information in the game database is updated periodically. Below, you'll find that information compiled as pertains to Cinemaware. The company may be involved as a publisher, developer or both.
Game Boy Advance
The Three Stooges [March 31, 2002]
Wings [February 11, 2003]
Defender of the Crown [July, 1989]
Rocket Ranger [June, 1990]
The Three Stooges [October, 1989]
Antheads: It Came From the Desert II (AMIGA) [1990]
Defender of the Crown (AMIGA) [1986]
It Came From the Desert (AMIGA) [1989]
The King of Chicago (AMIGA) [1987]
Rocket Ranger (AMIGA) [1988]
High Rollers Casino [November 11, 2004]
Robin Hood: Defender of the Crown [September 30, 2003]
TV Sports Basketball [1991]
TV Sports Football [1990]
TV Sports Hockey [1991]
It Came From The Desert [1992]
Lords of the Rising Sun [1992]
Robin Hood: Defender of the Crown [October 6, 2003]
There are numerous companies in the industry, and their names change like the weather. The information above is not particular about the finer details. Acquisitions are common, so companies with no recent listings may still be developing games under a new name. For example, DMA Design currently has a Rockstar name. Do you know of a title that is not listed above but should be? Be sure and let a staff member know. You can contact staff if you click here.
Policies/Ethics | Contact | Advertise | Sponsor Guide | Links


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The tracks bookending Ronnie Milsap's new album Summer Number Seventeen sum up its concept.
Coming-of-age titletrack/first single "Summer Number Seventeen" leads the way.
"You look back at your life, at your 'Summer Number Seventeen,' and tell me what it means--and it means something good," Milsap suggests.
"It's by a new writer here in town, Sam Hunter," he continues. "He wrote it and said, 'I want you to hear it,' and played it for me, and I said, 'God, I can sing this--and I like it! It's a song that's really made for me.' So we put it together with some background vocals, and ooh-ooh, aah-aah, ting, tang, wallawalla bingbang, we got a hit!"
Summer Number Seventeen ends with a remake of his 1985 country chart-topper "Lost in the Fifties Tonight (In The Still of the Night)"—which also provided the album's template.
"I was thinking of all the songs that were popular back when I was 17, and 'Lost in the Fifties Tonight' obviously fits in that mold," says Milsap, said mold also including period hits that he covers on the album, such as Lloyd Price's 1959 hit "Personality" and Bobby Darin's "Mack The Knife" from the same year—when Milsap was in fact 17.
"The producers [Summer Number Seventeen was co-produced by Rob Galbraith and Richard Landis] said, 'Damn! You sing that song really well,' and that was good to hear! A playback is worth a trillion words: You get in there with your favorite microphone and the other audio stuff that you love to sing through, and it comes back right and everybody goes, 'Man, that's it!'--that's what you're looking for, that pat on the back. That's the only thing I really ever need."
"I'd venture to say it's worth even more than the royalty check, but of course I won't say that!" Milsap adds.
He also turns to Ray Charles with "Georgia on My Mind," included on Summer Number Seventeen as something of a turnabout: Charles had a big hit with the Ashford-Simpson-Armstead penned "Let's Go Get Stoned," originally the B-side of Milsap's 1965 R&B hit "Never Had It So Good," which was also written by Nick Ashford, Valerie Simpson and Joshie Jo Armstead.
"Ray said, 'I love that record you got out, but the B-side I like so much I'm going to cut it myself!'" Milsap recalls. "I wanted to flip the record and have another hit with it, but his version was extraordinary."
Summer Number Seventeen includes two duets with celebrated Nashville songstress Mandy Barnett—a cover of The Stylistics' classic "You Make Me Feel Brand New" and a new song, "Make Up."
"She's the best voice out of Nashville," says Milsap, likening his duets with Barnett to his "Love Certified" pairing with Patti LaBelle on his 1991 album Back to the Grindstone. "We blend so well, it's like we're the new 'Conway & Loretta.' Let's go on tour!"
Speaking of which, Milsap will embark later this month on his 40/40 Vision Tour, commemorating his 40 chart-topping hits over 40 years--while supporting the release of Summer Number Seventeen.
Subscribe to my examiner.com pages and follow me on Twitter @JimBessman!


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Main Office
A Hope Center Pregnancy & Relationship Resources
3630 Hobson Road
Fort Wayne, IN 46815
Contact us
Satellite South
A Hope Center at Primetime
3701 S. Calhoun St., Ste. C
Fort Wayne, IN 46807
Contact us
Satellite Northeast
A Hope Center at Grabill
13410 Main Street
Grabill, IN 46741
Contact us
Lindsay says... please come! Volunteering has made my life feel so much fuller. To be able to give these women the feeling that they are not alone is incredible... a complete blessing!
Dorcas remembered... being able to share with a mother and daughter who went through a similar experience that I went through with my own daughter. I trust that I have been able to help and encourage them.
Joy shares... her favorite Bible verse, "For I know the plans I have for you," declares the Lord, "plans to prosper you and not to harm you, plans to give you a hope and a future."Jeremiah 29:11
Maurine's faith grew...when a client on the phone said that it was comforting to talk to me and that I helped her.
Volunteer at the Center
Be a walker or runner at the annual Strides of Hope Walkathon & Fun Run fund raiser in September.Click here for more information
Be a guest or table host at the annual spring banquet fund raiser in April.Click here for more information
Be a bargain hunter. Bargain hunters love to shop garage sales and clearance sales. Make your donation in purchased material goods or ask about limited reimbursement for great bargains on currently needed items.Contact us .................... Click here for a list of Bonus Room needs
Be a recycler of gifts. Many partners in ministry remember the center when cleaning out their drawers and closets. Like-new baby items and maternity clothes bless our clients in need. Just drop your items off at the Hobson Rd, South Calhoun Street, or Illinois Rd locations during office hours.Contact us .................... Click here for a list of Bonus Room needs
Be a church liaison. A church liaison serves as A Hope Centers communication facilitator within their church family. Liaisons receive church mailings for distribution to their congregations and are asked to follow up with church leadership to promote events and activities. No special skills are required. A Hope Center staff provides all materials necessary to be a successful church liaison. Contact us
Be a prayer warrior. As a member of the prayer team you will be given prayer requests for clients (no identifying information distributed for purposes of confidentiality), volunteers, staff, board members, and ministry events.Contact us
Be a fund raising coordinator. Throw a baby shower for the Center to collect maternity and baby items for the Bonus Room client store. You could also collect spare change from your church or small group with a Baby Bottle Campaign. All the information and bottles you need will be provided by the center. Just contact Terry Foss to get started.Contact us .................... Click here for a list of Bonus Room needs
Be a committee member. Special events and projects sometime require short-term planning and organization. Be on our list to receive a call for help when special needs arise.Contact us
Be a bonus room worker. Sorting incoming donations and catering to our client shoppers is an easy way to love those in need of a hand up.Contact us
Be a receptionist. Receptionists are the first face of ministry. Often answering the phone and greeting clients, receptionists need to have a cheerful disposition and a clear understanding of ministry policy and procedure. Phone experience is a plus. Although it is not required, classroom training attendance is highly beneficial. Receptionists receive on-the-job training.Contact us
Be a clerical worker. Much behind-the-scenes work occurs to keep the office running smoothly. Duties may include filing, mailing, tabulating, publication folding and cutting, data entering, ordering, and other office duties. Clerical workers receive on-the-job training.Contact us
Be a classroom educator. Our Earn While You Learn program provides education opportunities through both individual and group settings. Those with specific expertise have the opportunity to bless clients with their experience by teaching a group education class.Contact us


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Bosnia and Herzegovina
Alberta, Halifax, Hamilton, Montreal, Ottawa, Peterborough, Toronto, Vancouver, Victoria,
Czech Republic
Bengaluru, Chandigarh, Delhi, Mumbai,
New Zealand
South Africa
United Kingdom
Belfast, Birmingham, Edinburgh, Glasgow, Hull University, London, Nottingham, Sheffield, University of Leicester, University of London, York
United States
Athens GA, Atlanta, Baltimore, Chicago, Cleveland, Columbia MO, Columbus, Denver, Des Moines, Duke University, NC, Durham & Chapel Hill, East Lansing, Flagstaff, AZ, Houston, Iowa City, Las Vegas, Los Angeles, Lubbock TX, Manhattan KS, Muncie IN, New Orleans, New York City, Oneonta, Pittsburgh, Plattsburgh, Providence, Richmond VA, San Fernando Valley, San Francisco, Twin Cities, West Georgia (University)
Sorry guys, this a long one. I have a lot to vent about today!
I have experienced street harassment on a regular basis since I was thirteen years old. Since the tiniest hint of a figure first appeared on me, I have been cat called and wolf whistled at more times than I care to remember. Now, at twenty five, I like to think that I have a pretty thick skin for these sorts of things. I can usually manage a hearty FUCK YOU or at the very least ignore the person until they get bored. My most recent experience with street harassment happened this morning and was too much even for me to handle.
I usually ride my bike to work. It's a nine mile commute into downtown which, despite the hills and the occasional 6:00 a.m. creeper (why yell at a sweaty, sleepy girl toiling uphill on a bicycle?!), I thoroughly enjoy. I get some excercise AND avoid taking the bus, and even better – avoid bus stops. But this morning I woke up and didn't feel too hot. I am getting over being sick/stressed for the past few days so I figured I would conserve my energy for my shitty service job and take the bus.
In order to get to my job I have to transfer buses at 3rd and Pike – a stop known by every Seattle-ite for its constant and horrid retinue of bums, thugs, transient workers, street kids, crackheads, and the small smattering of normal people just trying to get to work. So this morning I walk out of the bus tunnel onto the crowded sidewalk and steel myself for what awaits.
I was kind of hoping it wouldn't be as terrible as I remembered. It was so darn early … who would have the energy to bother someone? As it turned out, a lot of people did. Here is what happened in the less than five minutes I spent waiting for my bus: two workers drove by and the man in the passenger seat made a kissing face/noise at me; a man asked me for money and insisted on trying to hug/kiss me when I refused; a man stared openly at me and raised his eyebrows in a leering manner, then followed me onto the bus and sat directly across from me, staring at me until he got off. All this on top of feeling sick and exhausted. By the time I finally made it to work I was nearly in tears.
This is not ok. It's not ok that when I want to take the bus to have a more 'relaxing' morning I wind up feeling objectified, demeaned, and demoralized. It's not ok that when I ride my bike I am made to feel like a rolling piece of meat. It sickens me that I can't walk to the grocery store or wait at a crosswalk without being openly stared at. Even in a city of lonely tech nerds where guys haven't interacted with a woman outside of OKcupid, reddit, or 4chan … This is not alright. Seriously, Seattle. Let's end this shit!
Author comments are in a darker gray color for you to easily identify the posts author in the comments


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Using numbing gel on your baby's gums when she's teething is safe and effective, right? Wrong. The Food and Drug Administration recently notified health professionals and caregivers for infants that prescription oral viscous lidocaine 2% solution and over-the-counter benzocaine should not be used to treat infants and children with teething pain.
The agency is now requiring a special warning be added to the prescribing information for lidocaine products to highlight this information. Oral viscous lidocaine solution is not approved for treating teething pain, and its use in infants and young children can cause serious harm -- even death.
Surface pain relievers for the gums wash out of the baby's mouth quickly, so they are not effective. And when too much viscous lidocaine is given to infants and young children, or they accidentally swallow too much of it, it can result in seizures, severe brain injury, and heart problems. Cases of overdose due to wrong dosing or accidental ingestion have resulted in infants and children being hospitalized or even dying.
The FDA is issuing the lidocaine warning because earlier this year, it had received 22 reports of serious adverse reactions, including deaths, in infants and young children aged five months to 3.5 years of age who had receive oral viscous lidocaine 2% solution. They had received the solution for mouth pain such as teething. Some of the children had accidentally ingested the gel.
Because of these reports, the FDA is now saying that health care professionals should not prescribe or recommend this product for teething pain. Parents and caregivers should follow these treatments for teething pain, recommended by the American Association of Pediatrics (AAP):
• Use a teething ring chilled in the refrigerator (not frozen).
• Gently rub or massage the child's gums with your finger to relieve the symptoms.
The FDA is also encouraging parents and caregivers not to use topical medications for teething pain that are available over the counter (OTC) because some of them could be harmful as well.
The FDA notes that teething is a "normal part of childhood" and that it can – and should – be treated without prescription or OTC medications.
"Too often well-meaning parents, grandparents and caregivers want to soothe a teething baby by rubbing numbing medications on the tot's gums, using potentially harmful drugs instead of safer, non-toxic alternatives," the agency explains.
The agency previously recommended that parents and caregivers not use OTC benzocaine products for children younger than two, except under the advice and supervision of a health care professional. Benzocaine—which, like viscous lidocaine, is a local anesthetic—can be found in such OTC products as Anbesol, Hurricaine, Orajel, Baby Orajel, and Orabase.
The use of benzocaine gels and liquids for mouth and gum pain can lead to a rare but serious—and sometimes fatal—condition called methemoglobinemia, a disorder in which the amount of oxygen carried through the blood stream is greatly reduced. Children under two years old appear to be at particular risk.
Since 2006, the FDA has received 29 reports of benzocaine gel-related cases of methemoglobinemia. Nineteen of those cases occurred in children, and 15 of the 19 cases occurred in children under 2 years of age, says FDA pharmacist Kellie Taylor, PharmD, MPH.
The agency repeated the warning in April 2011 and remains particularly concerned about the use of OTC benzocaine products in children for relief of pain from teething, says Taylor. Symptoms of methemoglobinemia may be difficult to detect or associated with benzocaine products.
Thus, the FDA recommends that parents and caregivers not use benzocaine products for children younger than 2 years, except under the advice and supervision of a health care professional.
Symptoms of methemoglobinemia include:
• pale, gray, or blue-colored skin, lips and nail beds
• shortness of breath
• fatigue
• confusion
• headache
• light-headedness
• rapid heart rate
Symptoms may occur within minutes to hours after benzocaine use, the agency warns, and should be considered an emergency.
The Institute for Safe Medication Practices (ISMP)—a nonprofit organization dedicated to preventing medication errors—has received reports of teething babies suffering overdoses of viscous lidocaine. Symptoms include jitteriness, confusion, vision problems, vomiting, falling asleep too easily, shaking and seizures.
The drug also cause difficulty swallowing and cause chocking or breathing in food. "It can lead to drug toxicity and affect the heart and nervous system," says Michael R. Cohen, RPh, MS, ISMP president.
Parents may unknowingly give their babies too much lidocaine, especially if she keeps fussing, says Cohen. They may put the lidocain into a baby's formula or even soak a pacifier or a cloth in it, then put that in their baby's mouth. The result is that how much lidocaine the baby is getting is not measured, and it may be too much.
"Teething is a normal phenomenon; all babies teethe," says Ethan Hausman, M.D., a pediatrician and pathologist at FDA. "FDA does not recommend any sort of drug, herbal or homeopathic medication or therapy for teething in children."


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Photo Courtesy: Arizona Athletics
Oct. 6, 2010
Check out this video from picture day!
TUCSON - The University of Arizona Wildcat women's basketball team took team photos at the McKale Center on Wednesday night. The coaching and support staff, as well as the squad, were on hand for the preseason preparation.
Images from Wednesday's photo shoot will be used in promotional materials, on the web and for media use. Some of the photos taken include a large all staff and team photo, a coaching staff photo and shots of each class.


text: According to Chinese Weibo, the Huawei Ascend Mate 2 looks like it will come with a 6″ + display, the older Ascend Mate feature a 6.1-inch 720P display and 4050 mAh battery. Interested to see how this shapes up. Needs to be available internationally. This is where 1080p screens are needed. 720×1280 is not okay on a 6″+ screen…they should at least put this up with an Octa core processor plus 1080p to make it more attractive. It would be better with KitKat in tow!


text:
McElroy says K.C. eventually learned to believe her when she told him, "No one is going to hurt you ever again." Having dealt with so many cases of animal cruelty, she still cannot comprehend what causes people to be so brutal. "I can only wonder what these men do to their wives and kids," she says. "Animals have taught me, even wild ones, that their unconditional love is beyond our imagination. They are so forgiving of all the horrible things they've experienced."
McElroy has not opened the sanctuary to the public because "the animals have suffered enough at human hands," she says. Visiting donors, however, can see animals from the guesthouse.
"My biggest concern is fund-raising," McElroy says. She hasn't taken a vacation since opening the sanctuary, and continues to work seven days a week despite her ill health (she has renal disease and sleeps attached to a dialysis machine every night). Her savings were spent on Cedarhill years ago, and donations are down 35 percent since the economic crisis hit. "I stretch every dollar," she says. "But there are vet bills, utilities, food for the animals, for us. There have been times when I didn't have payroll for staff. But somehow, we always manage."
Visit Cedarhill Animal Sanctuary's Web site for more information:
Originally published in Ladies' Home Journal, March 2009.
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text:
Judge Berger
11-06263 Rajala, Ch 7 Trustee v. Martin, Jr. et al (Doc. # 59) - Document Text
- Details
- Category: Judge Berger
- Published: 27 March 2014
- Written by Judge Berger
The relief described hereinbelow is SO ORDERED.
SIGNED this 24th day of March, 2014.
In re:
CONVENIENCE XPRESS, INC., Case No. 10-20052-7
In re:
CONVENIENCE USA, L.P., Case No. 10-20053-7
v. Adv. Nos. 11-6263; 11-6264
Consolidated Case No. 11-6263
and M&W MIDWEST PROPERTIES, LLC,
This matter is before the Court on the motion for summary judgment of Plaintiff Eric C.
14.03.24 Rajala v Martin SJ Order.wpd
Case 11-06263 Doc# 59 Filed 03/24/14 Page 1 of 13
Rajala, Chapter 7 Trustee.1 The Trustee appears by his attorney, Stephen G. Mirakian of Wyrsch
Hobbs Mirakian, P.C., Kansas City, Missouri. The Defendant William Martin, Jr., appears by
his attorneys, Jeffrey A. Deines and Shane J. McCall of Lentz Clark Deines, P.A., Overland
Park, Kansas. Defendant Mike Boys appears by his attorney, James S. Willard, Topeka, Kansas.
M&W Midwest Properties appears pro se. After reviewing the pleadings and considering the
Trustee's arguments, the Court is prepared to rule.
The Trustee of the bankruptcy estates of Debtors Convenience Xpress, Inc.
("Convenience Xpress"), and Convenience USA, L.P. ("Convenience USA"), sued Defendants
William Martin, Jr., Howard "Mike" Boys, and M&W Midwest Properties ("M&W") to recover
allegedly fraudulently transferred property under 11 U.S.C. § 548 and § 544 and preferential
transfers under § 547.2 Identical adversaries were filed stemming from the bankruptcy cases of
both Convenience entities, and the adversaries were consolidated as companion cases under case
number 11-6263. Defendant Martin thereafter filed his own chapter 7 bankruptcy petition,
staying further action against him personally. Defendant M&W, however, entered into an agreed
journal entry of judgment with the Trustee, agreeing to forego litigation of Plaintiff's complaint
and agreeing to a judgment against it of $600,000.
The Trustee has now filed his motion for summary judgment against Defendant Boys,
arguing that he is entitled to avoid the transfer of Convenience assets to M&W in July 2008
under § 548(a)(1)(B)(i) and (ii)(I) and under § 544(b)(1). The Trustee did not move for summary
1 Doc. 55.
2 All future statutory references are to the Bankruptcy Code ("Code"), as amended by the
Bankruptcy Abuse Prevention and Consumer Protection Act of 2005, 11 U.S.C. §§ 101-1532,
unless otherwise specifically noted.
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judgment on his § 547 preferential transfer claim. Boys did not file a response to the Trustee's
motion; the Trustee's motion is unopposed. For the reasons set forth in more detail below, the
Trustee's motion is denied. The parties will submit a final pretrial order within 45 days from the
entry of this order; at that time an evidentiary hearing will be scheduled.
I. Background and Findings of Fact3
Debtor Convenience Xpress is the general partner of Debtor Convenience USA.4
Defendant Boys, since 2003, has been a 50 percent shareholder of Convenience Xpress;
Defendant Martin owned the other 50 percent. Boys and Martin were the sole shareholders,
officers, and directors of Convenience Xpress, although Martin handled the day-to-day
operations of the company. The offices of Convenience Xpress, Convenience USA, and
Defendant M&W were all in the same location, and Defendant Martin was the president of all
three companies.5 An employee of Convenience USA (who reported directly to Martin) was
responsible for much of the day-to-day business of that company; the Convenience Xpress
company itself had no employees, no bank accounts, and no assets--it apparently existed solely
3 The Trustee's motion for summary judgment states 28 "undisputed or incontrovertible
facts," with citations to the record. The citations given, however, often do not support the "fact"
stated, and many are apparently incorrect. The Court has attempted to compile the facts with the
information given that was correctly supported or from facts that could be readily found in the
record provided.
4 Although never stated in the Trustee's motion, the Court has gleaned from the record
that the Convenience entities and M&W operated in the fuel supply and convenience/gas store
5 The Trustee's motion for summary judgment, statement of fact number 2, states that
Martin and Boys were the sole members of M&W for the relevant time period. The record
citation, however, does not support this fact and instead expressly denies it. This is an example
of the Trustee's alleged uncontroverted facts not being not supported by his record citations.
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14.03.24 Rajala v Martin SJ Order.wpd
Case 11-06263 Doc# 59 Filed 03/24/14 Page 3 of 13
as the holding company of Convenience USA.
In July 2007, M&W purchased two properties from Convenience USA and then leased
the properties back to Convenience USA. In order to make this purchase, M&W borrowed
approximately $700,000 and both Martin and Boys personally guaranteed repayment of this
loan. By the end of 2007, Convenience USA's liabilities exceeded its assets, leaving it with a
negative net equity.
The situation did not improve in early 2008. In January and February 2008, Convenience
USA suffered further losses due to level expenses but decreasing sales. Boys attended a March 8,
2008, stockholder meeting for Convenience USA and received copies of the Convenience USA
profit and loss statements and a treasurer's report. By the end of May 2008, Convenience USA's
assets totaled only $240,468.13. Convenience USA also had a $300,000 letter of credit.
Convenience USA was consistently losing money on an annual basis. Despite this, during May
and June 2008, Convenience USA obtained approximately $1.4 million worth of fuel products
from two creditors: Growmark and Sinclair Oil.
Mr. Boys was aware that Convenience USA owed money for fuel purchases from
Sinclair Oil and that it could not pay the amount due. Boys would not have authorized a payment
draft, knowing that the funds were not available for payment. As of June 12, 2008, Boys knew
that Convenience USA owed approximately $700,000 to suppliers. Mr. Martin testified in his
deposition that when Convenience USA was purchasing product from suppliers like Sinclair Oil
and Growmark in early 2008, he did not think anybody was going to pay for the product
- 4
14.03.24 Rajala v Martin SJ Order.wpd
Case 11-06263 Doc# 59 Filed 03/24/14 Page 4 of 13
"because it was too far gone."6 Martin knew Convenience USA was in trouble in early 2008,
which is when it made the fuel purchases. Convenience USA attempted payment to Sinclair Oil
throughout early June 2008, but approximately $900,000 in payments from Convenience USA
were returned as having been drawn on insufficient funds.
As of June 2008, Convenience USA also owed money to M&W for past-due rent
payments for the buildings Convenience USA leased from M&W. By letter dated June 2, 2008,
Boys, on behalf of M&W, made demand upon Convenience USA for payment of past due rent
and informed Convenience USA that unless rent were paid by July 1, M&W would assume
control of all Convenience USA facilities, including inventory at such locations.
Sinclair Oil officially notified Martin and Convenience Xpress that Convenience USA
was in default of the parties' distributorship agreement on June 5, 2008, and made demand for
payment. Also on June 5, Martin sent a letter to all Convenience USA partners informing them
that drafts to fuel suppliers were not going to clear and that when that happened, the fuel supply
would be cut off. Martin's letter stated:
At that point we will no longer be able to service our debt and everything goes
down hill from that point. . . .The assets that Convenience USA LP presently
have, [sic] will automatically go to the bank to cover loans. If the loans and drafts,
that are currently due, [sic] cannot be covered, it will be necessary to file for
bankruptcy of Convenience USA LP. (Emphasis in original.)7
Convenience USA made no rent payments to M&W and, based on the joint decision of
Martin and Boys, M&W took over Convenience USA's operations on July 2, 2008 (except for
6 Doc. 55, Ex. B, at 12 (Deposition of William Mace Martin, Jr., in Case No.
08 CV 07017 in the District Court of Johnson County, Kansas, captioned "Sinclair Oil
Corporation v. Convenience, USA, L.P., et al., 44:23).
7 Doc. 55, Ex. L, at 3.
- 5
14.03.24 Rajala v Martin SJ Order.wpd
Case 11-06263 Doc# 59 Filed 03/24/14 Page 5 of 13
one store in Plainville, Kansas). From that point, all of Convenience USA's revenue from
business operations was received by M&W. M&W stopped taking Sinclair Oil credit cards, even
though M&W was still selling under the Sinclair sign and logos. (If a Sinclair Oil credit card
were accepted, the payment would have gone directly to Sinclair Oil, rather than to M&W.) The
primary purpose of Convenience USA transferring all of its inventory and operation income to
M&W was so that M&W did not default on its debt obligations, which would have also resulted
in both Martin and Boys having their personal guarantees on those debts enforced. Martin and
Boys prevented default on the M&W debt, and the personal guarantees were not called. Neither
Sinclair Oil nor Growmark, however, received payment on the debt owed to them, despite
Convenience USA having approximately $2.2 million in fuel sales from June through August
2008. Further, although M&W assumed the income and inventory of Convenience USA, it did
not assume Convenience USA's debt obligations. As of July 3, 2008, after application of a line
of credit, Convenience USA owed Growmark approximately $324,000. Sinclair Oil also applied
its line of credit, and Convenience USA owed Sinclair Oil approximately $500,000.
In January 2010, Debtors Convenience Xpress and Convenience USA filed chapter 7
bankruptcy petitions, each listing more than $1.25 million in debt. As stated above, the Trustee
then filed the adversary complaints at issue herein.
II. Analysis
A. Standard for Motion for Summary Judgment
An adversary proceeding to determine, avoid, or recover fraudulent conveyances is a core
proceeding under 28 U.S.C. § 157(b)(2)(H) over which this Court may exercise subject matter
- 6 14.03.24
Rajala v Martin SJ Order.wpd
Case 11-06263 Doc# 59 Filed 03/24/14 Page 6 of 13
Summary judgment is appropriate if the movant shows that there is no genuine dispute as
to any material fact and that the movant is entitled to judgment as a matter of law.9 The moving
party bears the initial burden of demonstrating--by reference to pleadings, depositions, answers
to interrogatories, admissions, and affidavits--the absence of genuine issues of material fact.10 In
making this determination, the Court draws all reasonable inferences in favor of the non-moving
This standard is "somewhat modified in an unopposed motion for summary judgment,"12
which is the case herein. "It is improper to grant a motion for summary judgment simply because
it is unopposed."13 Rather, the court must be "certain that the uncontroverted facts as established
by the unopposed motion for summary judgment reveal no undisclosed factual dispute and
constitute a sufficient legal basis for this court to grant plaintiffs [sic] judgment as a matter of
The Trustee bears the burden of proof to establish each element of his claim under
8 28 U.S.C. § 157(b)(1) and § 1334(b).
9 FED. R. CIV. P. 56(a); FED. R. BANKR. P. 7056.
10 Celotex Corp. v. Catrett, 477 U.S. 317, 323 (1986).
11 Taylor v. Roswell Indep. Sch. Dist., 713 F.3d 25, 34 (10th Cir. 2013).
12 Thomas v. Bruce, 428 F. Supp. 2d 1161, 1163 (D. Kan. 2006).
13 E.E.O.C. v. Lady Baltimore Foods, Inc., 643 F. Supp. 406, 407 (D. Kan. 1986).
14 Id.
- 7
14.03.24 Rajala v Martin SJ Order.wpd
Case 11-06263 Doc# 59 Filed 03/24/14 Page 7 of 13
§ 548.15 The Trustee also bears the burden to establish fraud by clear and convincing evidence to
support his § 544(b) claim.16
B. § 548(a)(1)(B)(i) and (ii)(I)
The Trustee seeks to avoid the transfer of the Convenience assets to M&W in July 2008
under § 548(a)(1)(B)(i) and (ii)(I). Those statutory subsections state:
(a)(1) The trustee may avoid any transfer (including any transfer to or for the
benefit of an insider under an employment contract) of an interest of the debtor in
property . . . that was made or incurred on or within 2 years before the date of the
filing of the petition, if the debtor voluntarily or involuntarily-
. . .
(B) (i) received less than a reasonably equivalent value in
exchange for such transfer or obligation; and
(ii)(I) was insolvent on the date that such transfer was made
. . ., or became insolvent as a result of such transfer . . . .
To summarize the statute, under this subsection, the Trustee must, therefore, prove: (1) a transfer
of an interest of the Convenience entities in property; (2) the transfer was made or incurred
within two years before the date of the bankruptcy petition of the Convenience entities; (3) the
Convenience entities received less than a reasonably equivalent value in exchange for the
transfer; and (4) the Convenience entities were insolvent either on the date the transfer was made
or became insolvent as a result of the transfer.
This Court need spend no more time on this claim than Trustee's counsel did on the
motion for summary judgment--which is to say, almost none. First as to Convenience Xpress, the
15 See Zubrod v. Keffer (In re Keffer), Case No. BAP WY-03-071, 2004 WL 632875, at
*2 (B.A.P. 10th Cir. Mar. 26, 2004) (noting that the trustee has the burden of proof for
reasonably equivalent value and constructive fraud avoidance claims under § 548).
16 Gaddis v. Allison, 234 B.R. 805, 811 (D. Kan. 1999).
- 8
14.03.24 Rajala v Martin SJ Order.wpd
Case 11-06263 Doc# 59 Filed 03/24/14 Page 8 of 13
Trustee has set forth no facts showing that Convenience Xpress transferred an interest in
property to M&W in any way, and the Trustee's claim therefore necessarily fails at the very first
step of the multi-element § 548 claim. Second, as to Convenience USA, although the Trustee has
detailed the transfer of the Convenience USA assets to M&W on July 2, 2008, and therefore
addresses steps one and two of the § 548 claim, the Trustee makes no effort to show that
Convenience USA received less than reasonably equivalent value in exchange for the transfer;17
that Convenience USA was insolvent when the transfer was made; or that Convenience USA
became insolvent as a result of the transfer.18 As a result, the Trustee fails to show that he is
17 The Trustee barely mentions reasonably equivalent value and certainly makes no
reasoned argument on the subject.
Although the Bankruptcy Code does not define the phrase "reasonably equivalent value,"
there is law on the subject. Section 548(d)(2)(A) defines the term "value" as "property, or
satisfaction or securing of a present or antecedent debt of the debtor, but [it] does not include an
unperformed promise to furnish support to the debtor or to a relative of the debtor." The
Supreme Court addressed the phrase "reasonably equivalent value" in BFP v. Resolution Trust
Co., and stated that the question of reasonably equivalent value asks "whether the debtor has
received value that is substantially comparable to the worth of the transferred property . . . ." 511
U.S. 531, 548 (1994). The Court also stated that reasonably equivalent value typically has a
meaning similar to "fair market value." Id. at 545. Comparing transfers to antecedent debt is one
method of assessing reasonably equivalent value. See, e.g., Jobin v. McKay (In re M&L Bus.
Mach. Co.), 84 F.3d 1330, 1340–41 (10th Cir. 1996) (concluding debtor received reasonably
equivalent value because of a reduction of a claim for restitution, due to the debtor owing
antecedent debt at the time the transfer arose to reduce the claim).
18 Regarding insolvency, the Trustee makes statements relating to insolvency in his
statement of facts, but never makes a legal argument regarding insolvency. And again,
insolvency must be established with reference to the applicable law. See, e.g., § 101(32)(A)
(stating the definition of "insolvent" as "the sum of such entity's debts is greater than all of such
entity's property, at a fair valuation, exclusive of-- (i) property transferred, concealed, or
removed with intent to hinder, delay or defraud such entity's creditors; and (ii) property that may
be exempted from property of the estate under section 522 of this title"); see also Sherman v.
Rose (In re Sherman), Case No. 00-8052, 2001 WL 997946, at *3 (10th Cir. 2001) (discussing
approaches to measuring solvency); Stillwater Nat'l Bank & Trust v. Kirtley (In re Solomon),
299 B.R. 626, 628–39 (B.A.P. 10th Cir. 2003) (same).
- 9
14.03.24 Rajala v Martin SJ Order.wpd
Case 11-06263 Doc# 59 Filed 03/24/14 Page 9 of 13
entitled to judgment as a matter of law on his claim under § 548(a)(1)(B)(i) and (ii)(I). The
Trustee's motion for summary judgment must, therefore, be denied on this claim.
C. § 544(b)(1)
The Trustee also seeks summary judgment on his claim under § 544(b)(1), which states
that a "trustee may avoid any transfer of an interest of the debtor in property or any obligation
incurred by the debtor that is voidable under applicable law by a creditor holding an unsecured
claim that is allowable under section 502 of this title or that is not allowable only under section
502(e) of this title." The Trustee argues that the transfer from Convenience USA to M&W is
avoidable in Kansas under the Kansas Uniform Fraudulent Transfer Act ("UFTA"), K.S.A. § 33
102. The Kansas UFTA states:
Every gift, grant or conveyance of lands, tenements, hereditaments, rents, goods or
chattels, and every bond, judgment or execution, made or obtained with intent to
hinder, delay or defraud creditors of their just and lawful debts or damages, or to
defraud or to deceive the person or persons who shall purchase such lands,
tenements, hereditaments, rents, goods or chattels, shall be deemed utterly void and
of no effect.
Essentially, the Trustee argues that the transfer from Convenience USA to M&W was a
fraudulent conveyance under the UFTA, that the transfer was therefore void under Kansas law,
and because of that, the Trustee can avoid the transfer under § 544(b)(1).
To state a claim for fraudulent conveyance, the Trustee must prove two elements: "first,
an intent on the part of the grantor to hinder, delay or defraud his creditors and second, the
participation of the grantee in such fraudulent scheme or such knowledge on the latter's part of
facts and circumstances as would import knowledge of the fraud to him."19 Because direct
19 City of Ark. City v. Anderson, 243 Kan. 627, 632 (Kan. 1988) (internal quotation
marks omitted).
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Case 11-06263 Doc# 59 Filed 03/24/14 Page 10 of 13
evidence of fraud is "not always available," fraud may also be established by circumstantial
evidence and the particular conduct of the parties, details of the transaction at issue, and the
totality of the surrounding circumstances.20 The Kansas Supreme Court recognizes six "badges"
or indicia of fraud to aid in this determination:
(1) a relationship between the grantor and grantee; (2) the grantee's knowledge of
litigation against the grantor; (3) insolvency of the grantor; (4) a belief on the
grantee's part that the contract was the grantor's last asset subject to a Kansas
execution; (5) inadequacy of consideration; and (6) consummation of the transaction
contrary to normal business procedures.21
The badges are not intended to be exclusive.22
There is no direct evidence presented in this case: the Trustee has shown no
uncontroverted facts that establish the actual intent by Convenience USA to defraud or the intent
of M&W to engage or participate in fraud. The Trustee argues circumstantial evidence—the
badges of fraud—however, to prove his case. The Trustee first points out that Convenience USA
had no reasonable ability to pay for more than $1,000,000 of fuel products from Sinclair Oil and
Growmark. Boys and Martin also knew that approximately $900,000 had been rejected by
Sinclair Oil for insufficient funds. Convenience USA then transferred all of its assets to M&W,
including all income and inventory. The Trustee argues that these facts show a close relationship
between the grantor and grantee, the insolvency of the grantor, a transfer of the "last assets" of
the grantor, and an intent to hinder and delay creditors from obtaining payment on debts.
20 Gaddis v. Allison, 234 B.R. 805, 811 (D. Kan. 1999).
21 Credit Union of Am. v. Myers, 234 Kan. 773, 778 (Kan. 1984) (citing Polk v. Polk, 210
Kan. 107, 110 (Kan. 1972)).
22 Koch Eng'g Co. v. Faulconer, 239 Kan. 101, 105, 716 P.2d 180, 185 (Kan. 1986).
- 11
14.03.24 Rajala v Martin SJ Order.wpd
Case 11-06263 Doc# 59 Filed 03/24/14 Page 11 of 13
Further, the Trustee argues that the fact that Boys and Martin were personal guarantors of the
debt of M&W shows that the purpose of the transfer was to protect Boys and Martin, rather than
a normal business transaction.
The Trustee's motion fails on his § 544(b)(1) claim as well. Starting again with the
Trustee's claim related to Convenience Xpress, there was no transfer made by Convenience
Xpress in the Trustee's facts, so there is no possible cause of action under § 544(b)(1) related to
Convenience Xpress. As to Convenience USA, although the Trustee has shown facts that could
potentially support his claim against M&W, the Trustee has made no effort to pinpoint Boys'
liability as separate and distinct from M&W. Essentially, the Trustee must impute the transfer
that was made from Convenience USA to M&W personally to Boys, and he has made no effort
to do so. Although the Trustee points out that Boys was the 50 percent shareholder of
Convenience Xpress, which was the general partner of Convenience USA, and alleges that Boys
was also a 50 percent member of M&W,23 he makes no argument as to how or why the corporate
veil of M&W should be pierced as to Boys.24 In addition, the Trustee never alleges that Boys
personally received any transfer of funds from either Convenience entity. As a result, the Trustee
has again failed to establish that he is entitled to judgment as a matter of law against Boys under
§ 544(b)(1).
23 This alleged fact was not supported by the Trustee's record citation.
24 Generally, in Kansas, the corporate form is presumed to be separate and distinct from
individual members, and to disregard the corporate form and impose liability on individuals, a
court must consider a multi-factor test. See, e.g., Parks v. Anderson, 406 B.R. 79, 95-96 (D. Kan.
2009) (discussing alter ego doctrine and general rules of law related thereto). The Court states no
position as to whether the Trustee could establish these elements, just that he has not attempted
to do so with this motion for summary judgment.
- 12
14.03.24 Rajala v Martin SJ Order.wpd
Case 11-06263 Doc# 59 Filed 03/24/14 Page 12 of 13
III. Conclusion
For the reasons set forth above, the Court finds that Plaintiff has not met his burden to
support his motion for summary judgment, and as a result, the motion must be denied. The
parties will submit a final pretrial order within 45 days from the entry of this order; an
evidentiary hearing will then be scheduled.
It is, therefore, by the Court ordered that the motion for summary judgment25 is
25 Doc. 55.
- 13
14.03.24 Rajala v Martin SJ Order.wpd
Case 11-06263 Doc# 59 Filed 03/24/14 Page 13 of 13
- << Prev
- Next


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Ruby was gay. Or maybe bi. She was married (or maybe she wasn't). I learned this one day in gym class when we were hiding in the back, trying hard not to exercise. "My ring!" she cried, and clattered down off the bleachers — no mean feat in the Candie's mules she wore with her gym shorts — to retrieve it. She and a gay kid from her old high school had supposedly wed on a lark in New Jersey (or was it Delaware?), where they were helped, if I'm remembering correctly, by a kindly nun.
She was extremely smart, wildly funny, and deeply political (a passion I didn't share but admired). She could be as solicitous as a geisha or as gruff as a stevedore, whichever the situation called for. Men (and often women) all but swooned in her presence. I was astonished and more than a little grateful that this bold, exotic creature saw through my shyness — which in turn encouraged me to creep farther and farther out of my shell. Some mornings she fortified herself with a pre-homeroom swig of amaretto from a full-size bottle that reposed, in its decorative lidded coffer, in her locker. Ruby once mortified me by meeting me on the subway with snow-white tampons dangling, chandelier-style, from her earlobes. "I am making a statement," she declared. "Why should we be embarrassed by these things?" Why, indeed.
My father passed away when I was 17, and I got Social Security survivors benefits. Instead of giving me an allowance, my mother let me keep this monthly check (about $80 and change), out of which I was to pay for all my personal expenses. Which I did: Eighty dollars, in those days, bought a lot of concert tickets.
From our home base in New York, Ruby and I took buses and trains throughout the tristate area and beyond: out to the Jersey shore, down to Philly, up to Oneonta, Rochester, Boston. Over and over and over again, never getting bored. In the back of my mind was always this nagging fear: God, I love this so much and I never want it to stop; what will I do if it does? When it does?
Sometimes we came back the same night; sometimes we stayed over in the band's hotel. Either way Ruby and I (along with a handful of fellow fan-pests, groupies, and other hangers-on) would hustle over to the hotel after the show, plant ourselves in the bar, and wait. Kind of like hanging out before the sound check, except with cocktails and air-conditioning. Our mulish tenacity and impressive knowledge of the group's oeuvre, at a younger age than most of the other fans, earned us some band cred. Still, at heart, we were nervous, silly girls. Sometimes we shared quick hellos with them, sometimes a few drinks. One night Ruby, an ardent lefty, let the bass player have it after he suggested that she should applaud Margaret Thatcher's recent ascension to prime minister: "But she's a woman — I thought you'd be pleased!" Sometimes we even got invited to the Noisy Room, where the festivities would continue in a boozy haze of cigarette smoke and Cockney guffaws. (No, nothing happened — the right ones never asked.)
One morning Ray Davies, who rarely attended those Spinal Tap-ian soirees, approached Ruby and me at the breakfast buffet. "You were in the Noisy Room last night, eh?" he teased before becoming positively avuncular. "You look tired. Go home and get some rest."
I started college; Ruby didn't. We both hated school, but, as was our pattern, she was the one both ballsy and foolish enough to stand on principle. We kept going to shows, but our antics started to pale.
At one point, when she was between jobs, Ruby decided to treat herself to a Kinks road trip, following the tour arc cross-country. I couldn't take that kind of time off from school, so I figured I'd live vicariously through her adventures. But her phone calls became increasingly strange. Most of her stories seemed to involve abuses at the hands of strangers she met on the road, men she would go home with because she didn't have enough money for a hotel.


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College Hockey:Merrimack Pulls their Guns Out, But Gets Blasted in Overtime
Second Ranked Eagles Survive Major Scare
NORTH ANDOVER, Mass. — The final score showed a Boston College 4-3 victory over Merrimack College in overtime. The score is deceiving because the Eagles faced a tougher and more defensive Merrimack tonight. The Warriors put up a fight and forced the Eagles to decide the contest in overtime.
"The game was played in a tighter area and Merrimack stayed back, BC coach Jerry York said. They had good goaltending and were tough to penetrate. Our guys hung in there. There was not too much flow to the game, but we grinded pretty low."
The scoring started early tonight and this time it was the Warriors who were struck first, scoring in the opening frame. A shot from the left circle off the stick of Merrimack's Karl Stollery was stuffed home by Rob Ricci like there was no tomorrow at 4:23. This goal got the home crowd going.
Sure enough three minutes later Boston College showed how well they can execute on the power play. The Eagles were running the puck in the offensive zone with crisp passes then Andrew Orpik took a quick shot from the point. The puck was initially grabbed, but bobbled for an instant and that was when Freshman Paul Carey poked the puck in just behind Cannata.
On the next possession, Merrimack found themselves in a 2 on 1 situation. The initial shot from Joe Cucci was deflected by John Muse, but Pat Kimball followed the puck hard to the net and put the Warriors back on top 2-1.
All of this happened in the first period. In the second, from a face off Tommy Cross quickly collected the puck and rifled a shot on net. The shot then became a rebound for Kyle Kucharski who was posted down in front of the net and beat Cannata on a rebound to score Boston College's second power play goal of the night.
The rest of the middle frame was back and forth play for both teams. As the period was winding down Pat Kimball went coast to coast down the ice, but his first shot was unsuccessful. On the next offensive rush he got a pass from Jesse Todd and Kimball quickly wristed the puck top shelf over John Muse's shoulder. Pat Kimball had two goals in tonight's game and one last night against the Eagles. He commented that his line has a lot of chemistry and has been capitalizing on their opportunities while out on the ice.
Heading into the third period, the score was 3-2 in Merrimack's favor. A power-play goal by Brock Bradford tied the game up. The puck was being traded back and forth between Brian Gibbons and Benn Ferriero. Finally Gibbons chose to take a shot from the right wing. The puck was deflected to the left side where Brock Bradford was waiting to snap it into the back of the net at 10:09. The rest of the period was a battle and the game went to overtime.
In the third period, Boston College turned their play up to another level by outshooting Merrimack, 18-5.
With 1:33 left in the extra period, Boston College captain Brock Bradford got a pass from Brian Gibbons out in front of the net. Bradford wasted no time sending the puck home for his second goal of the night to give the Eagles a 4-3 overtime win against the Merrimack Warriors.
The team that played tonight was the team that I have seen in practice, observed Merrimack Head Coach Mark Dennehy. We played harder and played up to the competition."
Boston College's next game will be against Norte Dame on November 7 while Merrimack will play the University of Massachusetts a day later.
The following is a self-policing forum for discussing views on this story. Comments that are derogatory, make personal attacks, are abusive, or contain profanity or racism will be removed at our discretion. USCHO.com is not responsible for comments posted by users. Please report any inappropriate or offensive comments by clicking the "Flag" link next to that comment in order to alert the moderator.
Please also keep "woofing," taunting, and otherwise unsportsmanlike behavior to a minimum. Your posts will more than likely be deleted, and worse yet, you reflect badly on yourself, your favorite team and your conference.


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Hello all :) I am very excited to join this group; however, I am so nervous of another miscarriage. My first two pregnancies ended at 9 weeks and 11 weeks. I'm praying for a full term pregnancy and a take home baby! :)
I did change my prenatal care recently and am taking folate (instead of folic acid) and baby aspirin because I was recently diagnosed with MTHFR. I hope this does the trick! I also got lab work done yesterday to see if my progesterone levels are low and my OBGYN has a presciption at my pharmacy I can start taking right away if they are. I was hoping to find out today but it looks like I'll find out tomorrow.
I need your sticky thoughts/wishes and baby dust! :)


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Mac: 10.7.3
TeXShop version: 2.47
When I try to compile .tex into a Post Script file, TeXShop gives me an error as follows:
(null) does not exist. Perhaps TeXLive was not installed or was removed during a system upgrade. If so, go to the TeXShop web site and follow the instructions to (re)install TeXLive. Another possibility is that a tool path is incorrectly configured in TeXShop preferences. This can happen if you are using the fink teTeX distribution.
I can compile PDFs fine though. I don't remember updating TeXShop recently, so have no idea what's going on. Though I almost never compile to PS, so not sure if this problem is new either. Found a post suggesting I delete the preference file, but that doesn't work. If not a solution to this problem, does anybody know which script it is looking for and how to run it from command line?


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Shiprocked 2014 launched from the Port of Miami, on Sunday, January 26th with an opening deck of power and energy delivered by headlining hosts: Five Finger Death Punch. The main deck stage also hosted Aranda, Nonpoint and The Halo Method to rock the main deck stage.
There are six stages total on the Norwegian Pearl and some of the best music of each evening rings from the smaller and more intimate clubs and lounges available on almost every floor; as well as a full indoor theater to keep all guests rocking their entire voyage to Great Stirrup Cay and back.
The Stardust Theater is a great stage to take in live performances indoors, in a lush theater setting should one prefer this style of viewing as opposed to the outdoor deck stage. The first night was a packed double header with two bands slated to perform: In This Moment and Three Days Grace.
In This Moment took the early set and took the Stardust stage around 8:15 PM and filled that theater and boat with powerful sound, lead by the vocals and commanding presence of Maria Brink. In This Moment is a metal band from Albany, NY that have taken the festival tour scene by storm over the last few years. They are a favorite featured act on almost every music festival tour possible currently and their show is one that is unforgettable with the black-eyed, faceless dancers accompanying this dark rocking band on a live stage. Maria keeps in shape averaging at least a five full wardrobe changes in one hour long set and always ready on cue.
The show is grand; however, it is the crisp, clear and howling vocals of Maria Brink that brand this band and their sound; as her voice is almost haunting at times. This band, show and vocals are simply impacting and that is why they leave the stamp they do upon fans. In This Moment played again on the main deck stage to remind all fans why they embarked on this journey to Great Stirrup Cay.
Three Days Grace stepped onto the Stardust stage at 9:45 PM to continue the rocking vibe in this theater to open Shiprocked 2014. One of numerous Canadian native bands on Shiprocked, Three Days Grace was aboard with their touring lead singer, Matt Walst, that joined the band towards the end of 2013. What a way to test a touring vocalist, indeed.
Matt Walst does a stellar job as lead vocalist for Three Days Grace on a live stage and it appears to be coming together nicely, as this is a jam packed show of emotion, riffs and melodies that only Three Days Grace is very well known for. They laid down favorites like: 'Pain', 'Home' and 'Misery loves my company' like they have been together for years. Matt is used to the role of front man, in that he also takes lead vocals for My Darkest Days; however, new Three Days Grace material is said to be in the works. Three Days Grace fans need to stay tuned, as there is more to come as they played the main deck stage later in the week.
Young Guns are an alternative, melodic hardcore rock band from the UK. They opened up the Atrium or Meliti Stage this first sailing eve. A style that covers a lot of genres to make their brand of sound, this band grabs your attention and holds onto it. Keep your ears and eyes open for Young Guns to rock a stop near you, as they just continue to tour. They just finished up with Bullet for my Valentine, in December 2013.
Black Stone Cherry sails out of Kentucky and laid out a straight forward, southern rock style set that rounded up the Spinnaker Headbanger Lounge. Cruising veterans, this band was on their fifth cruise tour and enjoying it like it was their first. A love for entertainment and an Elvis influence is what keeps this band focused and touring, they have accompanied Lynyrd Skynyrd on tour twice and this does not come to a band without talent, determination and a sound to take a nation over with. Black Stone Cherry loves these cruise tours as they view it as a paid vacation where they get to know their fans better.
American Fangs was a band name heard throughout the Norwegian Pearl during Shiprocked 2014, both from fans and other performers. This flat out rock band rips loud guitar, big hooks and a bit of punk attitude into one of the best live sets around. American Fangs want to create their own 'vibe' within music and they are well on their way. Check out some American Fangs music right here and see why some of the biggest names on Shiprocked wore the American Fangs name to support this individual vibe that is the Fangs sound.
The Butcher Babies played a rip roaring late set in the Headbanger Lounge, as well but this show will follow in the next article to accompany our beach interview with Chris Warner and Jason Klein, on Great Stirrup Cay.
Keep up on all happenings from Shiprocked 2014 with the review of the show on the main deck stage.
Keep Shiprocking!!!!


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Brie & Creamy
Quick View
Brie FermierMade at the ''Farm of rejuvenation'' in Northern France, this brie is the best we've found yet. Mushroomy and fungal, gooey and creamy, you'll get hints of fresh shucked oysters and a tiny bit of iron.We think we're in love. Read More
Quick View
Preferes des MontagnesAs close to the illicit French Reblochon as you're going to get. Innocuous, buttery goodness with just a hint of pungency. Made of cow's milk in Savoie like the real thing, but pasteurized with a generic name - Sneaky! Read More


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Through a combined approach of Participatory Action Research principles and creative arts methodology, young people in RefugeeYouth work together to research the issues that affect their lives.
This generates powerful knowledge from young people's own perspective, which we use to engage in meaningful, action focused dialogue with service providers and policy makers whose work impacts on the lives of young refugees.
We can offer tailor made creative, engaging youthled workshop at conferences, events and training days for a whole range of different audiences. If you would like us to run a workshop or contribute to an event please contact email@example.com
Most recently we have designed and faciltiated workshops for the following audiences/events:
- The British Youth Council
- Edinburgh University
- Just Fair/The Law Society: 'Fairness, Justice and Human Rights: Realising Economic, Social and Cultural Rights in the UK'.
- ILPA (the Immigration Law Practitioners Association)
- Global Youth Work students at Greenwich University
- Postgraduate Community and Youth Work students at Goldsmiths University
- International Alert: 'Working with conflict at home and abroad'
- British Youth Council
- 'UnDoc Camp'
- Lancaster University
- Refugee Council SMILE Conference
- Durham University
This is what participants in our workshops had to say:
"Engaging, no power points, a refreshing way to look comprehensively at all angles of the organisation!"
"It was so impressive, really professional and fun, I felt really 'safe' and encouraged, not pressured, to join in. It was a great workshop, absolutely superb. The skills and confidence of the leaders were excellent."
"Apart from the workshop being tailored to issues of interest to the attendees, the RY group was very understanding of people's self consciousness and dealt with that very well. it was also great fun as well as being informative."
"They drew everyone in, challenged them but in a way that made them open up, not close down and become defensive. Very skilful facilitators."
This year we were commissioned by the British Youth Council to work with their Young Ambassadors to develop a tool kit to run workshops with young people to raise awareness about the issues affecting young refugees. This was a new challenge for us through which we learnt a lot. The resource pack, and supporting information can be downloaded here:
Labels, Limbo and Lies Workshop Tool Kit
Newpaper Headlines for Labels, Limbo and Lies Tool Kit


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A resource for reliable information about significant people, places, events, and things in Minnesota history.
Major General Norman Kirk, Surgeon General of the Army, inspecting Minnesota-made artificial limbs, December 6, 1943.
Major Jose H. Sherwood, 1918. Sherwood commanded the Sixteenth Battalion of the Minnesota Home Guard.
Major Thomas Warham, c.1918. Warham was commander of the Medical Corps, Motor Corps Division.
Making artificial limbs at Minneapolis Artificial Limb Company, Minneapolis, 1945.
Workers making signs for the school police, c.1930.
Man in the Jewish Home for the Aged, St. Paul, c.1925. Photograph by Norton & Peel.
Outdoor activities at Itasca State Park, 1898. Photographer unknown.
Man selling newspaper with headline related to Bremer kidnapping, 1935.
Man with bicycle, c.1895. Photograph by Guy M. Baltuff.
Man with string of fish caught in Itasca Lake, c.1915.
Made possible by the Arts and Cultural Heritage Fund through the vote of Minnesotans on November 4, 2008. Administered by the Minnesota Historical Society.
Minnesota Historical Society • 345 W. Kellogg Blvd., St. Paul, MN 55102-1906 (Map) • 651-259-3000 © .
Send questions or comments to mnopediamnhs [dot] org. View our Privacy Policy.


text:
Gigabit ethernet backbone. Architected storage area
network. Fiber channel multicasting. These complicated names form
the invisible backbone of the new Fisher campus. Beyond the beauty
of the classrooms and buildings, the colleges state-of-the-art
technology infrastructure enables faculty and students to extend
their research, teaching and learning to the entire world.
Nearly 4,000 live network connections were designed
into classrooms, breakout rooms, the business library and student
lounge areas. Smart podiums control each classrooms
lighting, sound and dedicated computer and multimedia equipment.
Berry Auditorium even features wireless multi-language translation.
Computer labs in Gerlach and Mason halls allow
students to view full screen video on demandof case
studies and assigned movies. Course web sites feature online assignments,
quizzes and interactive threaded discussions that explore critical
business issues. Some professors even offer virtual
office hours.
These technologies enlarge and enhance the
classroom experience, explains David
Greenberger, chair of the Department
of Management and Human Resources and director of Computing
and Communications Services.
Satellite connections and three video-conferencing
facilities are already in use in Fisher, Gerlach and Pfahl halls
sometimes simultaneously. For example, the colleges Management
Certificate Program joins executives at locations throughout Ohio
for live, face-to-face interaction with faculty and peers. A customized
Executive Education offering delivers supply chain management
programs to Andersen Consulting executives in Los Angeles and
Asynchronous broadband streaming may
not be in the daily vocabulary of Fisher faculty and students.
But every day the colleges technology infrastructure allows
them to learn about and solve the business challenges of the new
top of page
College of Business
101 Fisher Hall
2100 Neil Avenue
Columbus, OH
Contact us via E-mail


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All things Mother Earth Living
by Robyn Griggs Lawrence, Editor at Large
green building codes, green building, Conference of Mayors
Green building will no longer be voluntary in cities across the country, after the U.S. Conference of Mayors passed a resolution backing mandatory green building codes nationwide. At its annual members meeting in Oklahoma City this month, the group of more than 1,200 mayors endorsed the International Green Construction Code (IGCC) for all new commercial buildings. The code, to be released in November, includes standards for energy, water and air quality.
In most cities across the country, green building is voluntary. By requiring new buildings to be built green, the United States could save up to $140 billion a year (largely by decreasing our use of fossil fuels). The resolution would also help cities meet the American Institute of Architects' goal of making all new buildings carbon-neutral by 2030.
Subscribe to
Mother Earth Living
Welcome to Mother Earth Living, the authority on green lifestyle and design. Each issue of Mother Earth Living features advice to create naturally healthy and nontoxic homes for yourself and your loved ones. With Mother Earth Living by your side, you'll discover all the best and latest information you want on choosing natural remedies and practicing preventive medicine; cooking with a nutritious and whole-food focus; creating a nontoxic home; and gardening for food, wellness and enjoyment. Subscribe to Mother Earth Living today to get inspired on the art of living wisely and living well.
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Copyright 2016, All Rights Reserved | Ogden Publications, Inc., 1503 SW 42nd St., Topeka, Kansas 66609-1265
Special Interest Websites : Community Chickens • Good Things to Eat • Keeping Backyard Bees


text: German Shepherd cowboy herds a Halloween horse Posted on Oct 19 , 2012 by Joan, staff writer Print Home > Blog > Fun photos > German Shepherd cowboy herds a Halloween horse Tags: halloween costume A big horse (you can't see his mane and tail, but he was a Buckskin) trotted into this roundup in our fenced yard, and cowboy Tucker, our German Shepherd, was keeping a suspicious eye on it. Being a bit of a maverick, he had rejected his red cowboy hat, but he couldn't get that pesky bandanna off. Fortunately, Tucker didn't need his construction-paper gun (holstered on the far side of his harness) to move this horse along. Tucker was the lone cowboy to corral this Halloween horse! Share this Article: Print


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Inside Eric Holder's Personal Inspection of the Jail Where the 9/11 Plotters Will Be Held
Daily Intel has the exclusive fake scoop on all the fake stuff that happened.
Yesterday, according to the AP, Attorney General Eric Holder made a surprise visit "to inspect security" at "the federal jail and nearby courthouse where Khalid Sheikh Mohammed and four others are due to stand trial on charges they plotted the September 2001 attacks," a trial that has put immense pressure on an Obama administration facing a skeptical nation and critics ready to pounce on any missteps. Luckily, though we can't reveal our methods, Daily Intel was able to learn exactly what took place during the inspection.
Attorney General Eric Holder steps out of a black SUV and strolls up to the entrance of the jail, where he is greeted by a prison guard as he passes through the doorway. Holder stops a few steps in and turns around.
"What the hell was that?" Holder asks him. "How could you let me just walk right into this building without checking out my identity?"
The guard, stumbling, replies, "Oh, well, because you're the attorney general, sir. You called five minutes ago telling us to expect you."
Holder gets up in the guard's face. "Oh really? How can you be sure it's me? What if I pulled a very realistic Eric Holder mask off of my face right now, like in Mission Impossible? Have you ever seen Mission Impossible, private?"
"It's ... it's Ed."
"Have you!?!"
"A long time ago, I think, maybe."
"Good! Then start checking I.D.'s at the damn door. The Salahis were bad enough, we don't need to let any Al Qaeda Salahis into this trial. Got it?"
"Yes, you're absolutely right, sir, thank you."
Holder releases his death stare from the guard and walks away. He travels down a short corridor and enters a jail cell where one of the defendants will be held. Holder takes a few paces, turns around, and, facing out, he grabs the bars and shakes vigorously. After a moment, he stops.
"I want these bars closer together," he says to another guard, almost in a whisper, as he surveys the cell door in deep concentration.
"What's that, Mr. Holder?" the guard asks him.
Holder snaps back into the present. "You heard me, god damn it! This trial has to go off without a hitch! We can not screw this up! It has to be fucking perfect! Now get these bars closer together, immediately!!!"
"Yes sir!" replies the guard, a man with no power to do such a thing.
Holder breezes out of the cell, strides out of the building, and steps into his awaiting black SUV as he heads to the courthouse, leaving behind two confused and shaken guards and, he's confident, a vastly more secure jail.


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Accessibility featurest
Reserved disabled car parking spaces are available in the airport's car parks. Wheelchair-accessible shuttles are available for inter-terminal transfer. Disabled passengers are advised to call AMPCO parking services in advance for further instructions (tel: 1 800 642 1978). TDD/TTY telephones are available in the terminals, and wheelchairs and assistance from airlines are available on request; passengers should contact airlines prior to travel for further help.


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The final season of "Sons of Anarchy" is right around the corner. Fans are highly anticipating SAMCRO'S final ride next month. On Thursday, Spoiler TV released a new promotional video for the final season. Also, below are the titles and some synopses for the first seven episodes in case you missed their release earlier. Note that major spoilers are ahead if you are not caught up with "Sons of Anarchy."
Season 7 will premiere with "Black Widower," and will kick-off the events in the wake of Tara's death. Jax will be going an entirely different direction from when we last saw him, making vengeance a club priority.
Episode two is titled "Toil and Till" and it will feature SAMCRO soliciting help from another charter to get a messy job done. These are all pretty short synopses, but it's too early for a lot to be revealed.
"Playing with Monsters" is the third episode. In "Playing with Monsters," Jax exploits an opportunity to secure an important alliance. This is the episode where Marilyn Manson's character will first appear, according to reports. Below are the titles to episodes four through seven, no synopses have been released for them just yet.
- Episode 4 "Poor Little Lambs"
- Episode 5 "Some Strange Eruption"
- Episode 6 "Smoke em' if You Got 'em"
- Episode 7 "Greensleeves"
"Sons of Anarchy" Season 7 premieres on FX on Tuesday, September 9. Stay tuned for more information and spoilers as we learn them. Make sure to check out the slideshow attached to this article for promotional images.
Suggested Links
- 'The Walking Dead' Season 5: Showrunner confirms gay male character
- The perfect recipe for National Toasted Marshmallow Day
- Get your nails ready for Fall with Ciate Haute House
- The summer sizzles are still on at Uncle Julio's: Seafood Fajitas review
- Handmade treasures: Festive bras, bows, and a lot of bling


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Psychological Statistics (PSY206)
Rarely do students become psychology majors because they have a strong interest in statistics. This is what is known as an "understatement." Most of you may be wondering why this subject is even a required portion of the psychology curriculum. You may also be wondering why understanding the meaning of a figure like this....
....is even relevant to your desire to do what you have been led to believe psychologists do. The overall goal of this course is to demonstrate the many ways that the science and practice of psychology are completely dependent upon a probabilistic view of human behavior. While this is bad news for "talk show" psychology, it should encourage those of you who look forward to learning how to make reasoned and responsible judgments regarding why people do what they do.
If you would like to view the syllabus for this course, click here.
Here's a useful flow chart dealing with issues regarding when certain statistical tests should be used as a function of the design of the experiment.
Here's something else interesting...Stats Rap!
Here are a couple web links to some statistics-related resources. I hope that you will consult them and that you will find them useful, whether you are interested in them for purposes of additional tutoring, alternative presentation of topics, etc.
StatSoft - On-line text. This one includes more advanced material along with the introductory stuff.
StatNotes: Online Textbook - G. David Garson's collection of information, ranging from introductory to complex. An excellent source of explanation and examples.