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International Journal of Distributed Sensor Networks
Volume 2013 (2013), Article ID 421084, 13 pages
Intelligent Optimization of Wireless Sensor Networks through Bio-Inspired Computing: Survey and Future Directions
Bahria University Wireless Research Center, Bahria University, 44220 Islamabad, Pakistan
Received 14 July 2012; Revised 15 December 2012; Accepted 17 December 2012
Academic Editor: Jiman Hong
Copyright © 2013 Sohail Jabbar et al. This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
This survey article is a comprehensive discussion on Intelligent Optimization of Wireless Sensor Networks through Bio-Inspired Computing. The marvelous perfection of biological systems and its different aspects for optimized solutions for non-biological problems is presented here in detail. In the current research inclination, hiring of biological solutions to solve and optimize different aspects of artificial systems' problems has been shaped into an important field with the name of bio-inspired computing. We have tabulated the exploitation of key constituents of biological system for developing bio-inspired systems to represent its importance and emergence in problem solving trends. We have presented how the metaphoric relationship is developed between the two biological and non-biological systems by quoting an example of relationship between prevailing wireless system and the natural system. Interdisciplinary research is playing a splendid contribution for various problems' solving. The process of combining the individuals' output to form a single problem solving solution is depicted in three-stage ensemble design. Also the hybrid solutions from computational intelligence-based optimization are elongated to demonstrate the emergent involvement of these inspired systems with rich references for the interested readers. It is concluded that these perfect creations have remedies for most of the problems in non-biological system.
1. Introduction
After exhaustive effort in gaining maximum productivity from brainstorming solutions, researchers are now inclining towards biologically inspired solutions. Each and every creation of the One has the invitation to the researchers and thinkers to ponder. This creation is perfect in its own life and needs. The ultimate ideological convergence of scientists to this perfect creation for finding the relevant traces of problems and their solutions is in fact moving to "the best." Giving insight attention to the nature and the creation gives the glow to thoughts due to its miraculous architecture. Ibn al-Haitham, a 10th-century mathematician, astronomer, and physicist, invented the first pin-hole camera by understanding the mechanism that light enters the eye, rather than leaving it [1]. In the 9th century, Abbas ibn Firnas was the first person to make a real attempt to construct a flying machine and fly. He designed a winged apparatus, roughly resembling a bird costume [2]. Moreover, Newton's theory of gravity, Wright brothers' influenced work of flying, Einstein's theory of relativity, and John von Neumann's abstract model of self-reproduction are just the names of few. The intense exploitation of these miraculous creations of the One in Human's problems solving has now organized as a complete field naming biological-inspired computing. The word computing encompasses the activities of using and improving the computer technology, computer hardware, and computer software. The technique of formulating the views, ideas, technologies, and algorithms for unknotting the issues as well as introducing the innovation in computer technology, hardware, and software that are motivated by the biological systems is called biologically inspired computing or bio-inspired computing. Its typical consortium is shown in Tables 1 and 2. Three key subfields are loosely knit together to form the core of bio-inspired computing which are connectionism, social behavior, and emergence. Though biological systems exhibit complex, intelligent, and organize behavior, they are comprised of simple elements governed by simple rules. It is highly cost effective to hire the complex and in-networked processing-based simple rules in man-made systems. The real effort that comes in this synergistic solution is in finding the similar patterns of issues in artificial (man-made) and real (natural) creation and later their solutions. This invites the interdisciplinary research which is an essential driver for innovation.
The rest of the paper is organized as follows. Section 2 summarizes the intelligent optimization in biological systems. Bio-inspired intelligent optimization for non-biological system is discussed in Section 3. Section 4 shows the optimization in wireless sensor networks' domain. In continuation to this, in Section 5 a connection is tried to be established between real and artificial systems to show how different artificial systems have been developed from the real system and what are the constituents of this establishment. Solution of various problems from the wireless sensor networks' domain from different bio-inspired systems is discussed and tabulated in Section 6. Future direction and conclusion are given in the subsequent sections.
2. Intelligent Optimization in Biological Systems
The real creation of any natural system has marvelous traits in it. The source of inspiration is the traits which provide a guiding light to lead us towards the optimal solution for inspired systems. As the traditional optimization problems need more memory and computational power and are directly exponentially related with the problem size, optimization can be an interdisciplinary approach for finding the best solution of a problem among alternatives. Better computer systems and improved performance of computational tasks such as flexibility, adaptability, decentralization, and fault tolerance can be achieved in the form of bio-inspired algorithms from the principles evolved from Nature. As far as modeling of a problem with respect to the bio-inspired algorithms is concerned it enables the problem to solve according to the principles evolved from nature by understanding nature's rule the complex problems. Figure 1 below shows the optimization techniques classification to solve optimization issues based on three categories, that is, search space, problem, and form of objective function.
One of the key features of biological systems in searching the best solution is optimization. Most of the time, optimization process needs iteration of working sessions. Foraging behavior in ants and bees systems, flocking, herding, and schooling process in birds, animals, and fish, respectively, are some of the typical examples of iteration of working sessions for the optimal respective solutions. Optimization is the scientific discipline that raises the winning flag for the solution which gives the optimal result among all available alternatives in resolving the particular problem. Swarm intelligence (SI) is one of the aspiring solutions from bio-inspired computing for such heuristic optimization problems, for example, routing. Swarm refers to the large no. of insects or other small organized entities, especially when they are in motion. Global intelligent behavior to which the individuals are entirely unknown is emerged due to the local, self-organized, and decentralized interaction of swarm's agents. Natural examples of SI include ant colony, bird flocking, animal herding, bacterial growth, fish schooling, drop water, and fireflies. Examples of algorithms under the head of SI are Ant Colony Optimization (ACO), River Formation Dynamics (RFD), Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO), Gravitational Search Algorithm (GSA), Intelligent Water Drop (IWD), Charged System Search (CSS) and Stochastic Diffusion Search (SDS). Among all genus under swarm intelligence, autonomously social and extremely well-organized as well as colony-based life is of Ants. Inspired algorithm from ants is Ant Colony Optimization. Number of combinatorial optimization problems are targeted by the ACO technique such as asymmetric travelling salesman [3], graph coloring problem [4], and load balancing in telecommunication networks [5]. Ant Colony Optimization has been formalized into a meta-heuristic for combinatorial optimization problem. A meta-heuristic is a set of algorithmic concepts that can be used to define heuristic methods applicable to wide set of different problems. Examples of meta-heuristic include tabu search [6–8], simulated annealing [9, 10], iterative local search [11], evolutionary computation [12–15], and ant colony optimization [16–19]. For their applications in different fields for the optimal solutions, their nature is customized accordingly. For example, in case of Wireless Sensor Network (WSN), which is an energy, memory, and computational power constraint network, the proposed heuristic algorithm must be customized enough to cater for these constraints.
3. Bio-Inspired Intelligent Optimization for Nonbiological System
Survival of the best is the key driving force behind the optimization in artificial systems. From nothing to existence of global village clearly portrays this endeavor of moving to "the best." The influence of biology and life sciences is a source of inspiration since ages, as the design of aircraft leads to be inspired from birds, the fighter jet planes from birds of prey, commercial jet planes from the birds that travel long distances, submarines and other deep sea diving machines from deep sea fish, surgical tools from beaks of various birds, helicopters from dragon flies, Bionic arms, and muscles from human arm and muscles. The effort in terms of time and space of finding the optimal solution depends on application, search space and solution required optimality level. The alternative prospective feasible solutions of that specific problem are reduced if the constraints are posed by the user or the problem itself.
The constraints usually restrict the search space. The presented problems where the constraints are absent are called it unconstrained optimization. In contrast to constraint optimization problem where the limits and boundaries are defined, global optimization problems is concerned with the detection of optimal one. This is not always possible or necessary indeed. There are cases where suboptimal solutions are acceptable depending on their quality compared to the optimal one. This is usually described on local optimization. Conventional approaches exist to achieve the better solutions but the research is now inclining towards the bio-inspired intelligent optimization techniques. Artificial Neural Network (ANN) is a massively parallel computing systems consisting of large number of interconnected simple processors to handle various types of challenging computational problem such as in wireless sensor network, RF and microwave communication, Radar communication, and Antenna and wave propagation. This aspiring system is based on the organizational principles used in humans. Rendering/computer graphics technology is inspired by the pattern of animal skins, bird feathers, bacterial colonies, and mollusk shells which have their applications in pattern recognition, wireless sensor network, and others. Similarly, inspiration of artificial immune system by natural immune system, fractal geometry by clouds, river networks, and snowflakes are some examples of it. The next section clearly intuits the emergence of bio-inspired solution for the optimization in various applications of wireless sensor network.
4. Optimization in Wireless Sensor Networks' Domain
In most of the real-world problems, an optimal solution for simultaneously satisfying the one or more conflicting performance attributes is required. The key in seeking the optimization in solution for such type of problems is setting tradeoff among the participating attributes in their solutions. For example, in aircraft design, tradeoff is set between minimizing the fuel consumption and maximizing its performance, and real-time communication of sensed data from source to destination, the congestion, packet drop and the energy consumption are also minimized as the participating attributes. In [20–22], Authors have targeted the wireless sensor networks' domain for the optimization of multitude objectives in design and deployment, routing and clustering, and scheduling and MAC aspects. In [20] the author has analyzed the major challenges in designing wireless sensor network. He has presented the multiobjective deployment of nodes with establishing the tradeoff between the desired and contrary requirements for coverage, differentiated detection levels, network connectivity, network life time, data fidelity, energy efficiency, number of nodes, fault tolerance, and load balancing.
He has also purposefully discussed the need for simultaneous optimization of the aforementioned objectives. Wei and Zhi [21] have introduced an advanced ant colony algorithm based on cloud model (AACOCM) for the optimization of multitude aspects of achieving optimal routing. This multiobjective optimization model optimizes the functions such as energy consumption, network delay, and data packet loss rate. Various services having different energy, cost, delay, and packet loss requirements can be focused by tuning the weight of each function of this proposed model. Passive mode, active mode, and transmission of data by node for maximum life time by conserving energy are the multitude objectives that are focused in [22], which needs to be optimized simultaneously or optimal tradeoff is required between these objectives for the purpose of achieving better scheduling and accessing the media at MAC layer.
In Combinatorial Optimization (CO) some or all of the participating objects or variables are discrete or restricted to be integral. The target in CO is to find an optimal object where finite objects are available. Vehicle Routing Problem (VRP), Travelling Salesmen Problem (TSP), Minimum Spanning Tree (MST) problem, and data routing in WSN are its typical examples. Tie and Li [23] have introduced a security key management scheme which is based on combinatorial optimization. The results come up with yielding optimal results for the number re-key messages. The ultimate target is to search for the optimal solution for discrete variables of the function like node capabilities, possible inside threats, integrity, end-to-end data security, and key distribution for the best solution.
5. From Real to Artificial
Some of the things are similar to each other at some important aspect even of their opposed nature. A desktop computer is a scooped-out hole in the beach where information from the cyber sphere wells up like sea water is a typical example of developing similarity between non alike things. But the key in making such relationship needs to explore the nature of two comparing systems. In the following paragraphs, Ant as a typical example of biological system is explored with respects to the basic constituents of biological systems. The foraging behavior of Ants is taken to develop the relationship with the routing in Wireless Sensor Networks. A typical representation of ACO algorithm with respect to Ants foraging behavior is shown in Figure 2.
The constituents of biological systems which forms the basis for developing metaphoric relationship to artificial system are cell (structural unit), organs (cell joins to form tissues and tissues joins to form a functional body), organic system (functional body interacts to work for same task), organism (multiple organic systems join to form a complete structure), and ecosystem (environment interacting to the complete structure). The perfection of the real system from unit to system is reflected in Table 2 by showing the emergence of these components for the exploitation in developing inspired systems. Many complete research fields inspired by the constituents of biological system have been established, which have their key roles in optimizing the solution for various problems in non-biological systems. The indispensable role of bio-inspired solutions in variety of applications for their optimized solution is demonstrated in the subsequent paragraphs.
Architecture in interlinking of individuals matters a lot in building the power of unity. In case of centralized systems reliable, effective, and efficient coordination to the central hub is indispensable. Death of central point is the end of the system. In contrast to it, decentralized architecture needs powerful autonomous entities on one hand, and then it also reflects the behavior of adaptation (flexible to changing environment), self-assembly (unit to be one), self-organizing (interaction for the one), and self-regulation, (keeping the process tunably smooth) [25] as in WSN due to the distributed knowledge, distributed control and scalable properties on the other hand. Although the architecture is application dependent, decentralized system has variety of advantages over the centralized system. The real creation of the One also exhibits such fascinating behavioral and architectural traits to which Brownlee has pointed out in [71]. He has quoted architectural and behavioral characteristics in biological system with referring to Lodding and Nas [72] and Marrow [73]. Typical behavioral traits are adaptation, autonomous, fast and appropriate solutions in the short term, specific and optimized solutions in the long term, memory, self-assembly, self-regulation, and self-organization, learning, and intelligence. This is in parallel to architectural traits in natural systems such as decentralized control, distributed knowledge, emergent behavior dynamic, fault and noise tolerant, flexibility, parallel processing, persistent, robustness, and scalability. Insight study in finding the similar traits is the prerequisite to develop the metaphoric relationship between the two natural and artificial systems. Iram et al. [74] have discussed the above-mentioned traits in the context of developing the metaphoric relationship between the two systems.
6. Wireless Sensor Networks and Bio-Inspired Systems
In this section, we have taken Ant Colony Optimization inspired by Ant System (AS) from the biological field and WSN from the artificial systems to understand the metaphoric relationship between the natural and artificial systems. Firstly, we have bridged the gap between the two technologies by finding similar traits. Then foraging behavior of ants and the routing behavior in WSN are analyzed to develop their metaphoric relationship.
In AS there is no central dictation for the target and even of the next goal. Rather stigmergic communication through pheromone is the only source dictating the ants for any action, that is, foraging, invading, security, mating, migration. Ants are distributed on the field and follow each other through the traces of pheromone trails. If ants are considered vertices then the pheromone trails between them represent the edges forming a graph theoretical problem. Due to the decentralized and distributed nature of ants in foraging between the source and destination, the algorithmic complexity of their foraging behavior (routing) turns to the worst case of O(), that is, exponential making it an NP hard problem as their first time exact and optimal solution is almost impossible. This meta-heuristic nature of foraging behavior's solution needs recursion of searching process for optimal result. Complete participation of Ant's swarm with multi-objectives of rich food source, shortest and safe path, making the foraging process collectively as multi-objective combinatorial optimization problem.
Among the wireless networks, wireless sensor network is the most emerging and multiconstraint (energy, memory, and computational as well as bandwidth) technology. There also come up some differences from the traditional wireless networks like cellular network and especially from its close ancestor, ANet (Ad hoc Network) like in-attendant operation for a long period in the energy constraint environment, densely and randomly deployed nodes, high node failure, and other constraint resources. WSN has its applications in wildlife monitoring, cold chain monitoring, Glacier monitoring, rescue of avalanche victims, cattle herding, geographical monitoring, monitoring of structures, vital sign monitoring, ocean water and bed monitoring, monitoring of fresh water quality, tracking vehicles, sniper localization, volcano monitoring and tunnel monitoring, and rescue. Underwater sensor network, that is typically based on ultrasound, is also a key application of WSN [75, 76]. Some of the real-world projects of wireless sensor networks are Bethymetry [77], Ocean Water Monitoring [78], ZebraNet [79], Cattle Herding [80], and Bird Observation on Great Duck Island [81], Grape Monitoring [82], Rescue of Avalanche Victims [83], and neuRFon [84].
In wireless sensor network, nodes are uniformly or stochastically deployed in the target region. Interconnection of nodes in a decentralized fashion without following any preexisting infrastructure is named as AdHoc network. In wireless sensor network, nodes are scattered randomly across the region for decentralizing the network traffic and computational load to increase the coverage, capacity, and reliability. This distributed network scenario also comes up with avoidance of single point of failure. As every node in WSN either acts as sensor, router, or gateway node which has its own computing responsibilities resulting in distributed computing paradigm, uniform or stochastic deployment of wireless sensor nodes comes up with a distributed architecture of nondirected graph where nodes are vertices and the edges represent the communication link between them. In the distributed network of sensor nodes, each computational autonomous entity (node) acts/can act as a sensor as well as router.
This entity establishes communication links with other node in its footprint through omnidirectional full duplex antenna. This cooperative interaction of neighboring nodes expands up to the whole network giving birth to its self-configuring, self-organizing, self-adaptive, and self-synchronizing capabilities. These are extensively exploited by routing algorithms for catering the dynamicity of mobile ad hoc sensor nodes. In computational complexity theory, optimization problem of routing is a special type of computational problem which is concerned with the issues of repetition of algorithmic process until an optimal solution is reached or the required target is met. As the very nature of routing is NP complete (nondeterministic complete) in its optimal solutions search, so resolving such problems in polynomial time is nondeterministic and hence the nature of their solutions is heuristic as such problems cannot always have the definite required solutions. From the case of meta-heuristic solutions of Ant Colony Optimization for its suitability to Mobile Ad hoc Network (MANET), Mehfuz and Doja [85] have described the following reasons; that is why ACO meta-heuristic could perform well in multi-hop scenario of MANET.(i)Dynamic Topology. ACO meta-heuristic is based on agent systems and works with individual ants.(ii)Local Work. ACO meta-heuristic is based on local information that is, no routing table and other information, blocks have to be transmitted to neighbors. (iii)Link Quality. Agent movement updates the link and its quality.(iv)Support for Multipath. Due to pheromone concentration value of neighbor nodes at some specific nodes, this also supports multipath.
Apart from the emergence of bio-inspired solutions in artificial systems in general as is intuited from Table 3, it has a lot of contributions in the intelligent optimization of variety of applications in wireless communication domain specifically. Table 3 shows the list of inspired systems originated from the natural system and their application in WSN domain. References are also cited for the further exploration of interested topics. Without exaggeration, it can be concluded that there is no field, which is left uninspired by natural behavior. In contrary to this emergence of bio-inspired solutions, Abbott [86] have pointed out the failure of bio-inspired computing to mirror the biological realities. He concluded that these failures arise out of our inability as yet to fully understand what is meant by emergence. But the fact is that bio-inspired computing has the remedies for most of the problems in non-biological systems. As a proponent of this concept, he concluded his article with the claim that bio-inspired computing should be 99% inspiration combined with 1% mimicry. This is the inverse of Thomas Alva Edison's point of view that described invention as 1% inspiration and 99% perspiration. So far as the biological inspiration in the field of network routing esp. mobile wireless sensor network is concerned, there is well established history of this relation in different aspects [87–89].
7. Future Directions
Interdisciplinary research is playing a splendid contribution for various problems' solving. Even the fields those are ever, not only seemed to be very angry to each other but also considered to be on rivalry, have now become indispensable to each other. Computational biology and econometrics are some of those examples. Within the nature, intradisciplinary research of merging the different biological systems is coming up on the scene to further improve the solutions presented earlier by single biological systems. Ideas from cellular automata are merging to genetic algorithms to present new and improved solution to variety of problems [90]. This synergistic mating of biological systems is further needed to figure out the consequences of individual artificial system concocted with other artificial system. This results in improving the algorithms in many dimensions and its applications in various disciplines thus forming ensemble systems.
The design of ensembles can be viewed as a three-stage process: generation of a pool of candidates, selection of some of them from this pool, and combination of the individual outputs to produce a single output that is, a unique solution to a complex problem [91]. This three-stage ensemble process is shown in Figure 3. Although there are no hard and fast rules to make biological hybrid solutions for any type of non-biological problem, the merger of various techniques depends upon the targeted problem and the way the researcher wants to solve it.
Moreover, the effectiveness of the biological solution to solve various artificial problems depends upon the type and scale of the problem.
So to present even a summarized view depicting the relationship between various biological systems and non-biological problems may require more numbers of volumes. Routing issue is solved best by SI as it deals with adaptive, robust, scalable, and distributive properties. A variety of algorithms are involved in SI, that is, fish schooling, bee colony, and ACO algorithms. ANN, GA, and PSO are centralized solutions. ANN and GA have comparable longer run time. The hybrid approach, that is, using multi-classes of CI complement more for high level of optimization which is a future path way for the researcher's as the hybrid approach is lean manufacturing idea, convinced the cerebral drama to have a look to the other side of the picture for better optimization. FL is deterministic and fast as compared to other algorithms but optimization is an issue in it. AIS deals with very little solutions of WSN as it is a better tool than GA but computationally requires more run time. Hence, it is intuited from the above discussion that if a technique is strong in one aspect then on the other hand its other aspect is weak. To make the life easy, we are presenting the core characteristics of some of the biological systems, those come under the umbrella of CI. From the given tabulated view of evaluating parameters and the efficiency of biological techniques against those parameters in Table 4, the researcher can select the appropriate technique or make a hybrid technique out of it to better solve the non-biological problem. For this implication, the nature and characteristics of targeted problem should be carefully identified to get them solved by the selected individual or hybrid biological technique. State variables, not of search points, running time, target problem, and features are efficient to compare and analyze CI paradigm algorithms to solve WSN issues. It can also be applied to a variety of fields to optimize and solve the issues of different application fields of CI. These are all helping to optimize a certain problem. Table 4 shows a comparative analysis of each CI paradigms algorithms. A detailed discussion and description of the evaluation parameters mentioned in it is given in [94]. It also shows that these all will help the researchers to optimize any issue in any field.
Under the artificial systems perceptive, in Figure 4 there are few systems which are enhancing each other's specifications and applications to enhance the traits of one artificial system by using the traits of another artificial system. We can simplify more problems by admiring the traits of artificial systems of this computational modern era. The hybrid algorithms from the intradisciplinary domain of computational intelligence are also a very useful approach and gaining fame for solving the computational problems by integrating the two or more algorithms of this paradigm. The crux of advantages gaining from this merger conclude in a point that the hybrid algorithm formed is capable to eliminate the weakness of one algorithm and polishes the benefits of other algorithms for solving the relevant issue which cannot be solved more efficiently with one algorithm of this solution domain.
The examples of such hybrid computational intelligence algorithms are evolutionary swarm intelligence, Swarm-based Fuzzy Logic Control, Genetic Algorithm-Neural network, genetic-fuzzy intelligence, neuroFuzzy Technique, PSO-Genetic Algorithm, and Neuro-Immune Systems. These hybrid systems are also used in wireless sensor networks domain.
Table 5 shows few of the issues of WSN which are solved by hybrid algorithms of CI. The Neuro fuzzy algorithm [68] optimizes the clustering issue by passing the parameters of each sensor nodes such as memory, available power, and processing speed of each sensor nodes. These inputs are mapped to the fuzzy logic's set of rules to achieve functional objectives, so that the output actions are verified and optimized against the input information. The output of fuzzier is monitoring coefficients for each node. It depends on power availability, memory availability, and processing speed of sensor node. Finally, input the monitoring coefficients to the neural network to obtain clustering depending on the application requirement.
Similarly Yanjing and Li [67] optimize the learning issue in WSN and combine the ability of evolution of Genetic Algorithm and probability searching of Swarm Intelligence. In the future, we can develop more hybrid algorithms for optimizing the solutions of memory and computation power which alternatively affect other issues of wireless sensor networks and Table 5 can be a much help in it. More effective approaches of hybrid algorithms of CI paradigm can be used to solve the issues of WSN more efficiently. Few of them are shown in Figure 4. Apart from the emergence of bio-inspired solutions in artificial systems in general as is intuited form Table 3, it has a lot contributions in the intelligent optimization of variety of applications in wireless communication domain specifically.
8. Conclusion
In this paper, we have elaborated the importance of bio-inspired algorithms for the optimal solutions of non-biological systems. We have figured out the key constituents of biological systems and their exploitation in developing the bio-inspired systems. It has been intuited from the Table 2 that the said solutions have their emergent importance in the intelligent optimization in a variety of applications in wireless communication domain. This paper has well elucidated the fact that real creation of the One has really the marvelous traits in it. These traits act as a guiding light for achieving the optimal solution of any artificial system. Biological systems ever provide the better solutions through its intelligent optimization techniques. If there arises any gap between the bio-inspired solution and the artificial systems' problem then this gap can be bridged by carefully identifying the behavioral and architectural traits to develop the metaphoric relationship. The upshot of this paper leads to one step ahead to intradisciplinary research within the biological systems to come up with better bio-inspired solutions. This paper leads us to differentiate between various optimization problems existing in WSN collectively showing that hybrid and nonhybrid algorithms can efficiently optimize the problems in wireless sensor networks. The hybrid algorithms open new horizon in the optimization solutions of WSN.
The authors are very thankful to Mr. Abdullah, Mr. ShafAlam, Ms. Sania Tariq, and Mr. Muhammad Irfan for their useful discussion on this research work.
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text:
26th Annual DuPont Clifford Brown Jazz Festival Hits All Notes
Posted on 06/23/2014 3:20 pm
See the photo gallery at the end of this press release.
Saturday, June 21, 2014, marked the closing day of music for the 26th Annual DuPont Clifford Brown Jazz Festival. The Festival, named for influential jazz artist and Wilmingtonian, Clifford Brown, continued the more than quarter-century tradition of making the gamut of jazz music available to crowds in what has become the largest free jazz festival on the East coast.
The week built in intensity and momentum, starting on Monday, when the Mayor's Office of Cultural Affairs hosted free lunchtime jazz concerts in H.B. DuPont Park. The 90-minute sets occurred every day and included JD3, E. Shawn Qaissaunee & the Q Factor, Rob Swanson and the Terra Soul Project, Soul Feugo and Aniya Jazz, who also took the main stage later in the week. The Lunchtime Concert series was one of the various side events which complimented the main stage evening performances.
The Festival officially kicked off on the main stage Wednesday evening, when the spirit of Clifford Brown was aptly resurrected through the classic jazz sounds of The Brownie-Roach Project, which pays tribute to the legendary music of Clifford Brown and Max Roach. Dianne Shuur and her well-known scats followed.
Thursday night's sets included the Jazz "Superworman," Lynn Riley and the ever-popular Latin Jazz-All Stars who featured a tribute to jazz floutist Dave Valentin. Thursday's performances were followed by a new event - Sax in the City. The Sax in the City Lounge was designed to provide extended opportunities for jazz lovers to enjoy jazz and the fellowship of music lovers in a unique party environment. The event, which took place at the Wilmington Public Library, across the street from the Festival main stage, was sponsored by Grey Goose, and featured tastings of their latest flavors and cocktail recipes. Two live jazz bands and a DJ keep the music pumping until the morning hours.
Friday 's lineup of jazz continued with smooth sounds by the multi-ethnic jazz style of Amel Larrieux and the world renowned Mindy Abair's contemporary jazz saxaphoning, influenced by rock and blues. Following the main stage performances, the party continued on Market Street with The Silver Trumpet Block Party. The Silver Trumpet Block Party, which was free and open to the public, was anchored by the live music of Blind Date Band and accompanied by extended hours at restaurants and lounges along Market Street. This year's crowd was doubled from last year, so this stands to become an annual tradition that will continue for Festivals to come.
Saturday's all-day lineup was a build up to the Festival headliner, Brain Culberson. Local band, Aniya Jazz, featuring Phillip Joseph, started the day with mellow contemporary favorites. Next, Jawanza Kobe and his dynamically talented, regional band intensified the energy on the Square. But it was Cuba's own Habana Sax's world sounds, a cappella singing, intricate choreography and crowd participation that got the crowd to its feet and ready for Brian Culberson. Culberson's performance was high energy, engaging and spanned the gamut of his 12-disc recording career.
Sunday's final celebration was held at Chelsea Tavern Restaurant on Market Street, where a live band serenaded patrons while they enjoyed a special Festival Jazz Menu.
Mayor Dennis P. Williams and the Office of Cultural Affairs wishes to thank every attendee, volunteer and employee of the City who had any part in making this year's Festival the success it was.

subset: commoncrawl


text:
Mountlake Terrace
I5 North/South - Exit 179 (220th) - head east to 58th. Left on 58th (heading north). Field is on the right behind the City Church.
For point-to-point directions, please click on the Google logo in the lower left corner of the below map.
21705 58th Ave W., Mountlake Terrace WA


text:
Tutorial: Learning the JavaFX Script Programming Language
By GD on Feb 26, 2009
This tutorial is your starting point for learning the JavaFX Script programming language.[Read More]
This tutorial is your starting point for learning the JavaFX Script programming language.[Read More]
The Sun Student Project Opportunities page helps students and faculty from universities across the globe find software and systems projects in which they can participate.[Read More]
Sun is bringing back its most popular certification offer and giving you two chances to pass your certification exam.[Read More]
The new Developer Services site has just launched. Check out the great support available to single developer or whole teams. Learn more.
Java technology evangelist Sang Shin will begin teaching the 15-week free online course JavaFX Programming (With Passion!) on January 30, 2009.[Read More]
"Go for the Gold" Offer -- Value Certification Packages: When more of your team members get certified with a success package, you'll qualify for more savings and more gifts, and you can improve team performance.
Save 30% on Solaris Associate Certification Package: For new Solaris users, Sun offers a special introductory price of $880 (USD).Upgrade Your Solaris Certification: Save more than 50% on a special promotion for system administrators to upgrade certifications to Solaris 10 OS. (Offer expires December 19, 2008.)
Introducing the Sun Open Learning Center: In this interactive environment, you can get training at no cost on the most popular Solaris 10 OS content. Differentiate yourself in a highly competitive workplace by becoming a Sun Certified Solaris Associate or Sun Certified System Administrator.
Students and educators: You can now modify or extend content in the Java Tutorials without special permission from Sun, so long as it is for non-commercial use.[Read More]
Get Certified. Get a T-Shirt. And when more of your team members get certified, you'll qualify for even more savings, more gifts, not to mention you'll improve your team performance as found in the recent IDC study. RETAKE
BONUS: Purchase 6 or more of our Certification Success Packages and in addition to the savings and gifts, each student will get a second exam voucher for a second shot at getting Sun Certified (just in case you need it). Find out more and Go for the Gold!: http://www.sun.com/training/savings/gold.html
Join us on the Solaris Campus in Second Life on Friday, October 10, for a workshop on the new Solaris update. The instructor-led session is at 9:30 am PT, with a scavenger hunt to follow (p.s. the prize is real).
This looks like fun. The training uses VirtualBox, a desktop virtualization software, to run OpenSolaris.
Check out the Sun Student Network Wiki, where students, faculty, and project engineers can learn about how to engage in technical projects.[Read More]
Take advantage of this opportunity to get leading-edge MySQL training in Cupertino and Irvine, California.[Read More]
The 2008-2009 Sun Tech Days World Tour will visit 13 cities on four continents. The Sun Tech Days conference brings Java and Solaris technical education to the front lines of innovation. View the schedule.
<script LANGUAGE="JavaScript"> window.location="http://blogs.oracle.com/otn/"; </script>


text:
So far, the magazines I have reviewed have been exactly that, magazines. Today, I take a step back and reach for some good old newsprint. Sure, your hands might get dirty, but for content and personality, it doesn't get much better.Â
In the world of beer related publications, Northwest Brewing News is the free weekly newspaper of the bunch. First off, it's free, and you can't beat that. You seem to find it just about anywhere a beer geek might find themselves, bars, homebrew shops, and fine beer retailers. Finally, it's loaded with quirky personalities and is unapologetic about what it is or who it might offend.
So now that you have an idea of what kind of read the Brewing News might be, let's touch the content. The Northwest Brewing News breaks down the "northwest" into the entire Pacific coast, from Alaska down through California, each section getting its own spotlight. Interested in brewing hot spots like the Bay Area or Portland? You're in luck as these areas get double coverage with local writers as well as statewide coverage.
Want something that's not just a recap of local news? The columns and editorials offer a little something for everyone. You can get dominated by the Beer Bitch, drink to your health, or even pick up a recipe or two. I have a hard time imagining a section of beer geekdom that isn't represented fairly by the magazine.
The Brewing News really helped get me into the world of beer, showing me how far down the rabbit hole went. I started reading it after trips to the homebrew shop, but now find myself searching it out once the new issue hits newstands. I enjoy this magazine so much that I've considered paying for something that's free at bars and shops I frequent just to have it delivered to my home.
Live away from the West coast? Don't be worried, the Brewing News has a regional paper for everyone: Great Lakes, Southwest, Mid-Atlantic, Yankee, Rocky Mountain and Southern to go with Northwest. Grab a copy, fold it up and stuff it in your back pocket. This newspaper is best read in the quiet of your home while enjoying a beer, or surrounded by the clamor of a packed happy hour.


text:
Courtney Love wants Lana Del Rey to think about her vagina next time she covers Nirvana's "Heart Shaped Box"
by Tyler Munro
July 30, 2012
By now you've probably heard Lana Del Rey's cover of Nirvana's "Heart Shaped Box." Courtney Love has, and she's pretty adamant that Lana Del Rey knows that the song is about her vagina.
@LanaDelRey you do know the song is about my Vagina right? throw down your umbilical noose so i can climb right back umm— Courtney Love Cobain (@Courtney) July 30, 2012
@LanaDelRey on top of which some of the lyrics about my vagina i contributed— Courtney Love Cobain (@Courtney) July 30, 2012
@LanaDelRey so umm next time you sing it, think about my vagina will you? lol— Courtney Love Cobain (@Courtney) July 30, 2012
In other news, Gravol just released a new ginger tablet that guarantees quick relief from nausea and vomiting.
Tags: Music, News, Courtney Love, Lana Del Rey, Nirvana


text:
: [Fic]
Star Wars: The Beginning of the Galactic Empire
View Single Post
Master Jimmy
@Master Jimmy
Join Date
: Apr 2006
: In a house
: 623
Final Chapter: The Battle of Yavin IV!
"Will you fight for us?" asked Leia.
"For you? Of course!" replied Han.
"Good, thank you so much." thanked Leia in glee. She stood up to leave the cockpit to meet Bastila and Luke, but before she left she kissed Han on the cheek. "Your welcome!" Han said to himself. Leia walked to the guest's quarters to Bastila being interrogated by Luke. "Did Vader kill my father?" Leia heard Luke ask. Leia gasped. "Yes Luke, I'm sorry to sat that he did." answered Bastila.
"Don't be sorry for telling me now, why didn't you tell me earlier?" Luke asked.
"Then your mind would be so concentrated on revenge, you would fall to the Dark Side." Bastila answered.
"I understand, master." said Luke with a sigh.
"I'm sorry." said Bastila. Leia began to weep, she ran to her room and started bawling. "We're coming up on Yavin IV" told Han. Luke and Leia ran to the loading ramp to meet their mother. The loading ramp lowered and Padme was waiting there. "MOM" both Luke and Leia roared, running to give her a hug.
"Luke, Leia." replied Padme.
"We missed you so much." told Luke.
"Same here, kids."
Han walked from the loading ramp to take a stretch. "Mom, this is Han Solo, he help us get here." explained Leia.
"How'dyo do?" asked Han.
"Very fine, thank you for getting them here safe." replied Padme.
"Mom, they know that we're here." explained Leia.
"Excuse me?"
"The Sith have their ways."
"Then we must prepare. And Bastila, Luke, Leia? Can I see you for a moment in the hangar?" asked Padme. Bastila and the twins followed Padme into the hagnar. "Our smugglers have stolen these." announced Padme as she revealed three Jedi Starfighters.
"These are Starfighters from the Old Republic, aren't they?" asked Luke.
"Yes, you'll need them." replied Padme.
Hours later everyone was prepared for a space battle, so were the Sith. "I want there master! I want her battle meditation, I-want-her here." ordered Vader "Is the tractorbeam back online?"
"Sir, yes sir."
Back on Yavin IV, Padme was trying to inspire her army with hope. "There were many one sided wars in the period of the Republic... But this is your time and you will win, believe in yourselves." yelled Padme. The army cheered, her speech was a success. Everyone launced to space to meet the Sith at the Death Star. "Is everyone there?" asked Padme.
"Gold squadron, standing by."
"Red squadron, standing by."
"Blue squadron, standing by."
"Viridian squadron, standing by."
"Violet squadron, standing by."
"Rogue squadron, standing by." said Wedge.
"Good to have you with us, Wedge." said Luke.
"Orange squadron, standing by."
"White squadron, standing by."
"Green squadron, standing by."
"Jedi squadron, standing by." said Bastila.
"Millenium Falcon, standing by." said Han.
"Lock S-foils in attack position." ordered Bastila as they approached the Death Star.
"Look at the size of that thing." Wedge pointed out.
"Viridian squadron, bomb the turbo lazers." ordered Bastila. A group of Y-Wings made an attack run on the turbo lazers, taking them out one by one. "I can use my concussion missles to help out" suggested Han.
"That would be appreciated." answered Bastila. Han fired some concussion missles that took out the turbo lazers very quickly, until he was out. Luke fired at random places on the battle station causing him blocking off major hallways. "Sir, the attack force is taking out our turbo lazers one by one sir."
"Then we will destroy them ship to ship, Moordenaar, you take the generals to test out the new fighters."
"Yes Master" obeyed Moordenaar.
Bastila flew past the hangar to take out the turbo lazers there, but she ended up getting sucked in. "Leia we have to save Bastila." told Luke.
"My pain is meaningless, focus on the task at hand, I am not defenseless." ordered Bastila. Anakin observed Bastila's starfighter as it was getting pulled in by a now working tractorbeam, "good, good, come to me my prey." Anakin made his way to the hangar where he would be waiting for Bastila, he closed off that hangar so no one could intrude on the fight.
"I've been waiting for you milady, we meet at last." told Anakin as Bastila landed, "You and your battle meditation would be a great asset for me... Come to the Dark Side."
"I've been there, Skywalker." replied Bastila "I will never go back."
"So be it." told Anakin as he ignited his blue and red sabers. Bastila ignited here yellow doublesaber and entered a fierce battle with the most powerful Sith Lord of all time.
"Attention spacers... enemy fighters coming your way." warned an officer.
"This is where the fun begins." told Han "Chewie, pilot this thing while I take the gun turrets." ordered Han. Chewie roared back. A large space battle had started while both sides had lazers blazing all over the place. "LEIA THERE'S A FIGHTER ON YOUR BACK!!" screamed Luke.
"I can't shake `im." replied Leia. Han fired a persice shot at the wing of the Tie Fighter and it landed on the station. "Thank's stud." thanked Leia.
"Anytime, toots" replied Han.
"I've found the trench" annonced Gold Leader "We're making our run"
"Cover me, I'm on the leader." ordered Moordenaar in her new Tie Advanced X-1.
"Yes Ma'am."
Moordenaar and her generals picked Gold Squadron off one by one.
In the hangar, the battle between Bastila and Anakin continued. There was a pause in the battle, Anakin's head peered of in the direction of the trench. "They've found it, Sith Lord." told Bastila "The trench, it's only a matter of time"
"You can surrender and die with some dignity." suggested Anakin.
"If I die, I will become more powerful than you can possibly imagine." replied Bastila. Then the duel continued. Anakin cut Bastila's saber in half but both sides still worked. Bastila kicked Anakin down and knocked him out. She stroke up to him and was ready to end it all. "You can still join me in the darkness." said a voice very familiar to Bastila.
"Yes, my love, I've been pulling his strings, join me."
"You can be redeemed... Please."
"You were the one who got me into taking my mantle back."
"You chose to accept, I'll bet if you made the correct decision on Rakata Prime, you would be asking me to come to the light."
"Do you know how hard I've worked to have the Sith rule the galaxy again?"
"You are not the one ruling, Revan."
"You're right."
"PLEASE!!! I beg of you come back to the light, for me... My love."
Revan paused for a moment and closed his eyes, "You would still believe I can be redeemed? You still love me?"
"No one is out of that range."
"I cannot... Saviour... Conqueror... Hero... Villan... I was all those things, I chose darkness..."
"You can choose light."
"I can't... I will forever stand alone... Good-bye, my love, and may the Force be with you." After that emotional conversation, Revan disappeared, he wiped himself from existance. Bastila grabbed a Tie Fighter and flew back to Yavin IV. Anakin woke up, to see Bastila was gone, "DAMNIT!!!" he roared as he ran to the firing room to do the honors himself.
"Almost there" Red Leader said to himself, "IT'S AWAY... Negative, it didn't go in." He was then shot down by Moordenaar. Luke and Leia made their run along the trench to find stopped guns. Leia and Wedge got shot but not blown, Luke ordered them to leave for their safety. Luke evaded Moordenaar's aiming systems very well. She managed to get a shot off, but it grazed the wing. Luke looked at that wing to find no astromech droid on the wing, "Good-riddance." Luke said to himself.
"WHAT!?" yelled 3PO.
"I have you now." said Moordenaar in glee, but one of her generals were shot down.
"Look out!" One Tie Fighter grazed Moordenaar's wing causing her to be set off course.
"You're all clear kid" told Han "Now let's blow this thing and go home." Luke took a deep breath and fired a cluster of missles. They all went down the service pipe and to the reactor. Luke exhaled and retreated. "Great shot, kid, that was one in a million!" congratulated Han. Seconds later, the Death Star blew up.
Back on Yavin IV everyone cheered for Luke's success, while Han and Leia shared a kiss. "Oh no, R2... NOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOO!!!" screamed 3PO in deep sadness. Then followed an award ceremony where everone who survived were awarded medals for their Bravery and Valour.
An SW fanfic, written by Revanscool: Hardcore Hockey/Led Zeppelin/Scarface/Full Metal Jacket/Mortal Kombat/Star Wars/KotOR fan!
I hope that you all enjoyed, and stay tuned for the first chapter of my brand new fanfic: Knights of the Old Republic 3: The Second Sith War.
Led Zeppelin + The Beatles = Gods
New fanfic Metroid/Star Wars Crossover:
Chapter four is up.
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The Texas Senate approved a bill that would allow landowners with feral hogs to sell helicopter seats to hunters who want to help them get rid of these destructive animals on their property. State Sen. Troy Fraser, R-Horseshoe Bay, told the Texas Tribune that there are more than 2 million feral hogs across the state. They've mostly been a problem for rural landowners, but now urban dwellers are having to deal with them as well.
"We're having these hogs come in and tear up backyards and endanger the lives of young children," he told the Internet-based news site. Texas allows for shooting feral hogs and coyotes from helicopters, but it's expensive. Fraser said his bill would allow landowners to defray the costs.
State Sen. Eddie Lucio Jr., D-Brownsville, told the Tribune he opposed the bill because he doesn't want to see a new sport in Texas that involves shooting hogs from helicopters. "You're just coming in there and shooting them at random," Lucio said.
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Trampoline Training
|Trampoline training
If you`re trying to find an exercise regimen that combines fun with fitness, how about trying a trampoline workout? Whether you`re a novice at physical fitness or an extreme sports participant, trampoline training can offer a fitness training regimen that`s fun, safe and effective
According to a 2006 NASA study, trampoline training is 68 percent more effective in maintaining fitness than traditional types of exercise such as treadmills. For this reason, returning NASA astronauts use trampoline training to help them rebuild the muscle and bone mass that they lose while undergoing weightlessness in space.
Trampoline training is a highly effective type of aerobic exercise that can help you burn fat and shed those unwanted pounds. A trampoline will also give your muscles a great workout by offering stretching, flexibility and resistance training.
Here are some of the benefits you can get from using a trampoline:
Repetitive motion training:The repetitive movements on a trampoline, as well as the bouncing and jumping action, will help you build your arm and leg muscles. In addition, the repetitive jumping action provides a great way to burn calories.
Aerobic exercise: Jumping on a trampoline creates an effective aerobic exercise that will get your blood pumping and increase your blood flow for healthy circulation. A trampoline workout will also raise your metabolism and increase your heart rate.
Endurance training: With a trampoline, you can participate in endurance training in a fun, effective, low impact way. The repetitive jumping will help you build your endurance and strengthen your heart and you won`t feel as winded as you do while running.
Stretching: Trampoline training offers a highly effective way to stretch and tone all of the important muscles of the body.
Trampoline Training for Beginners
If you`re a novice at exercising, or if you`re not physically able to participate in a strenuous workout, a trampoline can provide you with a low impact, highly enjoyable method of exercising that gives you everything you need to stay fit.
Before getting on the trampoline, it`s a good idea to warm up first by stretching for at least five minutes. You can do this by sitting on the floor and stretching out your arms and legs and flexing your feet, then relaxing them. After you`ve stretched, it also helps to lightly jog in place for a few minutes to get your blood circulating and your feet moving.
After your warm-up, here are a few simple exercises you can try on your trampoline:
Basic Health Bounce
Standing in the center, put your feet slightly apart and gently bounce while keeping your feet in place and touching the trampoline. This is an ideal trampoline warm-up for beginners.
Walking in Place
After the basic bounce, you can progress by lifting your heels in a walking motion, making sure to keep your toes on the trampoline. Swing your arms gently in rhythm to your walking movements.
Tone Bouncing
Stay in the same position and make small jumps, raising your feet about an inch off the trampoline. Start gently, then work your way to higher and higher jumps for an even more effective workout.
Fitness Bouncing
Staying in the center of the trampoline, jog gently in place, bringing your knees up as high as possible. The goal is to raise your knees to hip level, if possible. Make sure to swing your arms along with the jogging movements of your legs.
Jumping Jacks
Once you`re comfortable on the trampoline, try a few jumping jacks, executing them exactly as you normally would while standing on the floor. Make sure to carefully gauge where your feet land so that you won`t get too far off-center. Take this exercise slowly at first until you build up your rhythm and comfort level.
If you want to progress on the trampoline, consider investing in a trampoline training DVD. These are available for all skill levels and can effectively help you improve your coordination and balance as you develop new, entertaining trampoline techniques.
Trampoline Training for Advanced Athletes
Many of the world`s best athletes participate in a regular regimen of trampoline workouts. Trampoline training can be especially helpful for advanced athletes such as snowboarders, skateboarders and skiers, as the jumps help them to recreate the sensation of being completely weightless and airborne. By using a trampoline, these athletes can perfect twists, somersaults and other airborne techniques in a controlled, safe environment, especially during the off-season when it`s difficult for them to replicate the airborne movements of their sport. For athletes who participate in board sports, there are even specialty boards that are designed to be used in cross-training with trampolines.
Whether you`re looking at Trampoline Pad Shop or other sources for training supplies, you`re sure to find a wide variety of indoor trampolines, DVDs and other workout accessories to help you get started on a regular trampoline routine. Trampoline training is fun, safe and one of the healthiest ways to exercise and best of all, you`ll start feeling the benefits after only a few workouts.


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Take pictures of your car prior to having it serviced. Some shops might strip your car to justify billing you for more repairs. Keep track of serial numbers on parts, just in case. If you wish to figure out what kinds of problems are happening to your vehicle, it helps to know a little bit about how a vehicle is made. If you're not sure about where to start with cars, think about going to a class for auto repair. You might not want to take a class, but you'll save yourself money going forward because of the new knowledge you will acquire. This is because you will have the ability to diagnose problems early, which will prevent the problems from getting too serious. As a result, you will save a lot of money and improve the life of your car.
If your headlights are not shining as brightly, check to see if they are clean. Different substances from the road will accumulate on the glass of the headlights. This will block a portion of the light. Use a reputable glass cleaner to get the job done efficiently. You are completely capable of changing your oil, checking your fluids and simple maintenance tasks such as these. It is not true that these routine jobs should be left to the professionals. If you know how to do routine maintenance, go ahead and do it. Always ask to keep any part that was replaced or removed from your car. If the mechanic is unwilling to do this, it may mean they aren't going to do the work but charge you anyway. If this happens, call him out! Once a mechanic has replaced parts on your car, ask to have the old ones back. If they don't let you, then they may not have replaced anything. This is a definite red flag and you should call him out on it.
Have you ever worried about how you can handle you car issues better? Have you considered doing repairs yourself? Maybe you hope to become better at picking a solid auto shop in your area. If you would like to learn more, continue reading.
Invest in high-quality battery chargers and keep them inside your car. Dead batteries happen more often than you imagine, and you can help other people if you take a battery charger along in your vehicle. Take a few minutes to learn how to use it properly before you get in a situation where you need to use it.
Spray your car mats with a hose when washing the car. The rubber of the mats makes it easy for dirt to become trapped and create holes. Holes don't look good and allow the dirt to have a clear path to the carpet beneath. When you get parts replaced on your car, you should pay attention to the warranty that comes with the part. Ask the mechanic about your warranty in regards to parts they're ordering for your car. Learn the length of time of the warranties, and ask your mechanic to print out a copy of the contract for you to look over it.
Try to gain some knowledge of your car after you purchase it. If you're not sure about where to start with cars, think about going to a class for auto repair. Even if you don't want to take a class, learning about the basics can save money later. This is because you will have the ability to diagnose problems early, which will prevent the problems from getting too serious. As a result, you will save a lot of money and improve the life of your car.
As discussed above, learning a few things about auto repair can help you fix small problems yourself and save a lot of money. Teach others what you know, and do not hesitate to go to a mechanic if you are not skilled enough to fix your problem. Keep the tips you've read in mind so that you can perform those repairs.
Have you read your car's manual? It is important to thoroughly read over this manual so that you can learn all you need about your vehicle. It has important information about your car that you need to be aware of. Once you get a diagnosis from a mechanic, ask for a few hours before making a decision regarding getting your vehicle fixed. You can check with other mechanics, or do some research on the Internet to get a better idea of how much it should cost. If someone else is cheaper, pay the shop for labor thus far and go elsewhere.
Avoid repairs if a mechanic gives you a difficult time about a written estimate. If he doesn't make the repairs properly, you may not be able to receive compensation, since you don't have proof of a contract in writing.


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Twelve organizations have collaborated to create an exciting arts and culture destination in Toronto called the Bloor St. Culture Corridor.
The dozen permanent world-class arts venues are located along a one-mile (1.6 km) stretch of Toronto's Bloor Street West, between Bay and Bathurst Streets. The partnership promotes member organizations, events, area restaurants, shops and hotels, with the aim of helping visitors plan a great day in the Corridor.
The Bloor Street Culture Corridor offers a wide variety of arts experiences from top-flight museums, films, lectures, exhibitions, concerts, as well as an opportunity to explore some of Toronto's cultural diversity. Member organizations of the Bloor St. Culture Corridor include:
- Royal Ontario Museum (ROM): Architectural landmark and one of Canada's top museums.
- Gardiner Museum: Exquisite collection of antique and contemporary ceramic art.
- Bata Shoe Museum: The history of footwear on stylish display.
- Japan Foundation Toronto: Japanese arts and culture including photography, films, exhibitions, library.
- Royal Conservatory of Music: One of the largest and most respected music education institutions in the world.
- Tafelmusik Baroque Orchestra & Chamber Choir and The Toronto Consort: Classical music.
- Istituto Italiano di Cultura: Italian cultural institute offering language classes, films, more.
- Native Canadian Centre of Toronto: Aboriginal community cultural center.
- Alliance Francaise de Toronto: French language school and cultural center.
- Miles Nadal Jewish Community Centre: Fitness, aquatics, arts and cultural programming.
- Bloor Hot Docs Cinema: Fully licensed cinema serving Ontario wine and beer.
With five subway stations located along the Corridor, it's easy to get to Toronto's Bloor Street Culture Corridor then stroll between museums, talks, concerts, exhibitions, film screenings, shops and eateries.
Visit the Bloor St. Culture Corridor online to plan your day out on Toronto's 'mile of cultural treasures'.


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Tricking applications which bind to nodename only with libschost.so.1
By tf on Jul 05, 2007
If you read through the Sun Cluster Data Services Developer's Guide for Solaris OS, you will find the requirements for non-cluster aware applications in Appendix E:
- Multihosted Data
- Host Names
- Multihomed Hosts
- Binding to
INADDR_ANYas Opposed to Binding to Specific IP Addresses
- Client Retry
You can also read about analyzing the application for suitability.
this blog number 2. is of special interest - if your application is
somehow depending on the physical node name of a server (ie. the name
that gets returned by
hostname or
uname -n), and does not offer the possibility to configure to use a logical host name instead, than the libschost.so.1 library provided with Sun Cluster 3.2 might help you out.
The referenced man page has all the information needed with examples how to use it within C source and shell based agent code.
You can also find examples of its usage in the Open HA Cluster source code within the Oracle E-Business Suite and Oracle Application Server agent by using the search interface and browse through the results.


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Photos:Ed Garnes Atlanta Tribune Men Of The Year Awards
Award winning writer, counselor, and activist Edward M. Garnes, Jr. has been named an Atlanta Tribune 2009 Man Of Distinction for his leadership and innovative work with From Afros To Shelltoes (FATS) www.afrostoshelltoes.com/word, a community based organization uniquely focused on cultural productions that bridge generation gaps between youth, elders, and the hip hop community. Garnes was honored at the Atlanta Tribune's 2nd Annual Men of the Year Reception on April 23, 2009, at the One Georgia Banking Center (1180 Peachtree Street NE, Suite 2610, Atlanta, GA) and featured in the April 2009 issue of the magazine.
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Escape to the SpringHill Suites Orlando at SeaWorld , family friendly hotel suites near SeaWorld Orlando. As an official partner, this hotel at SeaWorld Orlando offers exclusive benefits such as free shuttle service to all SeaWorld parks, free quick queue & discounts for dining and gift shops. Ideal for extended stays near SeaWorld Orlando, the hotel suites on International Drive Orlando offer in-room microwaves & refrigerators. Other perks include a complimentary new hot breakfast with fresh offerings & high-speed internet. Experience the innovative design of a SeaWorld Orlando hotel offering 25% larger suites than comparably priced hotel rooms. Located near Discovery Cove and adjacent to Aquatica, our hotel at SeaWorld Orlando provides free shuttle service to SeaWorld and Universal. Splash into the outdoor Shamu pool and Splash Zone or enjoy American cuisine at the Splash Bar & Grill. The SpringHill Suites Orlando at SeaWorld Hotel is the perfect location for an unforgettable family vacation.
Amenities· 24-hour front desk
· ATM/Cash machine
· Accessible facilities
· Accessible parking
· Barber shop - (In Area)
· Beauty shop/salon - (In Area)
· Boarding pass print-out available
· Bookstore - (In Area)
· Buffet breakfast
· Business center
· Business services
· Car rental desk - (In Area)
· Check cashing policy
· Child programs
· Cocktail lounge with light fare
· Coffee shop
· Coin operated laundry
· Complimentary breakfast
· Complimentary buffet breakfast
· Complimentary in-room coffee or tea
· Complimentary newspaper in lobby
· Concierge desk
· Currency exchange - (In Area)
· Dinner delivery service from local restaurant - (In Area)
· Drugstore/pharmacy - (In Area)
· Dry cleaning
· Efolio available to company
· Elevators
· Exercise gym
· Express check-out
· Florist - (In Area)
· Food and beverage outlets
· Free high speed internet connection
· Free parking
· Front desk
· Full service housekeeping
· Full service housekeeping
· Game room
· Hair dryer
· Health club
· High speed internet access
· High speed wireless
· Hot breakfast
· Housekeeping - daily
· Ice machine
· Individual Efolio available
· Interior corridors
· Ironing board
· Laundry/Valet service
· Lounges/bars
· Meeting rooms
· Motorcycle parking
· Non-smoking rooms (generic)
· On-Site parking
· Onsite laundry
· Outdoor pool
· Parking
· Pool
· Public area air conditioned
· Restaurant
· Room service
· Room service - full menu
· Safe deposit box
· Security
· Spa - (In Area)
· Tennis court - (In Area)
· Travel agency
· Valet cleaning
· Valet same day dry cleaning
· Wakeup service
· Whirlpool
· Wireless internet connection in public areas
Room InformationThe amenities listed in this description represent a sample of amenities available in some or all guest rooms in this hotel
High speed internet connection, Internet access, Wireless internet connection, High speed wireless, Meal included - breakfast, Non-smoking, Free local calls, Coffee/Tea maker, Alarm clock, Air conditioning, Air conditioning individually controlled in room, Shower, Bathtub/shower combination, Private bathroom, Hairdryer, Double vanity, Lighted makeup mirror, Separate closet, Closets in room, Iron, Bathroom amenities, Down/feather pillows, Foam pillows, Sofa bed, Cribs, Local calls, Free toll free calls, Mini-refrigerator, Microwave, Color television, Cable television, Plug & play panel, List of movie channels available, CNN availaible, HBO available, ESPN available, All news channel, iPod docking station, AM/FM radio, Remote control television, Large desk, Chair provided with desk, Desk with electrical outlet, Spare electrical outlet available at desk, Separate modem line available, Telephone, Voice mail, Multi-line phone, Speaker phone, Connecting rooms
Miscellaneous Information
· American Dollars is the native currency.
· Check in time is 3:00 PM
· Check out time is 12:00 PM
· Opened in 2009
· 200 rooms.
· 200 suites.
· 6 floors.
Cancellation Policy
Cancel policy may be more restrictive based on rate / room booked, season, special events
Restaurant InformationSplash Bar & Grill
Sandwiches, Pizza Hut pizza, beverages and burgersSpringHill Lounge
Proudly brewing Starbucks coffee and serving drinks and cocktails
Meeting FacilityDolphin Meeting Space
Recreation Information
Tennis court
Bowling alley
Fly fishing
Hiking trail
Horseback riding
Mountain biking trail
Putt putt golf
Rock climbing
Scuba diving
Squash court
Outdoor pool
Fitness center on-site
Health club
Children's program
Area Attractions- Orlando
- Regal Cinemas Pointe Orlando
- Aquatica
- Wet N Wild
- Ripley's Believe It or Not
- Pirate's Cove Golf
- Wonder Works
- Fun Spot
- Orange County Convention Center
- Central Florida Fairgrounds
- Orlando Museum of Art
- University of Central Florida
- Bowling
- Horseback Riding
- Tennis
- Swimming
- Jogging Trails
- Jet Skiing and Water Skiing
- Fishing
- Snorkeling and Diving
- Surfing
- Skydive Deland, Inc
- Amtrak Train Station
- Cirque du Soleil- La Nouba
- Blue Man Group
- Orlando Shakespeare Theatre
- Orlando Repertory Theatre
- Bob Carr Performing Arts Center
- Greyhound Bus Station
- SeaWorld Orlando
- Universal CityWalk
- Downtown Disney Area
- Prime Outlets
- Premium Outlets
- Florida Mall
- Mall at Millenia
- Darden Restaurants
- Lockheed Martin
- Harcourt
- Walt Disney World Resort
- Pepsi
- CHEP International Inc.
- Universal s Islands of Adventure
- Southpark Business Center
- Rollins College
- Valencia Community College
- Orlando International Airport
- Orlando Executive Airport
- Orlando Sanford International Airport
- Orlando CityTour
- City Tour of Orlando
- Kennedy Space Center Discover Day Tour
- Swim with the Manatees Tour
- Citrus Bowl
- Discovery Cove
- Universal Studios Florida
- Wet 'n Wild
- Busch Gardens