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Juan Ignacio
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FEMALE murderers
Lucia de
Lucia de Berk, often called Lucia de B.
or Lucy de B (born September 22, 1961 in The Hague,
Netherlands) is a Dutch licenced paediatric nurse, who was subject to
a miscarriage of justice. She was sentenced to life imprisonment in
2003 for four murders and three attempted murders of patients in her
care. After an appeal, she was convicted in 2004 of seven murders and
three attempts. Her conviction was controversial in the media and
amongst scientists, and was questioned by investigative reporter Peter
R. de Vries. In October 2008, the case was reopened by the Dutch
supreme court, as new facts had been uncovered that undermined the
previous verdicts. De Berk was freed, and her case was re-tried; she
was exonerated in April 2010.
As a result of an unexpected death of a baby
(Amber) in the Juliana Kinderziekenhuis (English:
Juliana Children's Hospital, JKZ)
in The Hague on 4 September 2001, earlier deaths and cardiopulmonary
resuscitations were scrutinised. Between September 2000 and September
2001 there appeared to have been nine incidents, which earlier had all
been thought unremarkable but now were considered medically
suspicious. Lucia de Berk had been on duty at the time of those
incidents, responsible for patient care and delivery of medication.
The hospital decided to press charges against her.
Life sentence
On 24 March 2003, De Berk was sentenced by the
court in The Hague to life imprisonment for the murder of four
patients and the attempted murder of three others. The verdict
depended in part on a statistical calculation, according to which the
probability was allegedly only 1 in 342 million that a nurse's shifts
would coincide with so many of the deaths and resuscitations purely by
chance. De Berk was however only sentenced in cases where, according
to a medical expert, other evidence was present or in which, again
according to a medical expert, no natural causes could explain the
In the appeal on 18 June 2004, De Berk's conviction
for the seven murders and three attempted murders was upheld. The
crimes were supposed to have taken place in three hospitals in The
Hague: the Juliana Child Hospital (JKZ), the Red Cross Hospital (RKZ)
and the Leyenburg Hospital, where De Berk had worked earlier. In two
cases the court concluded that there was proof that De Berk had
poisoned the patients. Concerning the other cases the judges
considered that they could not be explained medically, and that they
must have been caused by De Berk, who was present on all those
occasions. The idea that only weaker evidence is needed for the
subsequent murders after two have been proven beyond reasonable doubt
has been dubbed chain-link proof by the prosecution and adopted by the
court. At the 2004 trial, besides a life sentence, De Berk also
received detention with coerced psychiatric treatment, though the
state criminal psychological observation unit did not find any
evidence of mental illness.
Important evidence at the appeal was to be the
statement of a detainee in the Pieter Baan Center, a criminal
psychological observation unit, at the same time as Lucia de Berk,
that she had said during outdoor exercise: "I released these 13 people
from their suffering". However, during the appeal, the man withdrew
his statement, saying that he had made it up. The news service of the
Dutch Broadcasting Foundation (NOS) and other media that followed the
process considered the withdrawal of this evidence to be a huge
setback for Public Prosecution Service (OM). A series of articles
appeared over the following years in several newspapers, including
Vrij Nederland and the Volkskrant, raising doubts about the
The case was next brought to the Netherlands
Supreme Court, which ruled on 14 March 2006 that it was incorrect to
combine life imprisonment with subsequent psychiatric detention. Other
complaints were not taken into consideration, and the evidence from a
re-analysis by a Strasbourg laboratory was not considered relevant.
The Supreme Court gave the matter back to the Court in Amsterdam to
pass judgement again, on the basis of the same factual conclusions as
had been made before. Some days after the ruling of the Supreme Court,
De Berk suffered a stroke and was admitted to the hospital of
Scheveningen prison. On July 13, 2006, De Berk was sentenced by the
Court of Appeal in Amsterdam to life imprisonment, with no subsequent
detention in psychiatric care.
A committee of support for Lucia de Berk was formed
that continued to express doubts about her conviction. Philosopher of
science Ton Derksen, aided by his sister, geriatrician Metta de
Noo-Derksen, wrote the Dutch language book Lucia de B:
Reconstruction of a Miscarriage of Justice. They doubted the
reasoning used by the court and the medical and statistical evidence
that was presented. See also the English-language article Derksen and
Meijsing (2009).
Chain-link proof
Of the seven murders and three attempted murders
finally attributed to De Berk by the court, the court considered two
proven by medical evidence. According to the court, De Berk had
poisoned these two patients. The court then applied a so-called
chaining-evidence argument. This means that if the several attempted
or actual murders have already been established beyond reasonable
doubt, then much weaker evidence than normal is sufficient to
establish that a subsequent eight "suspicious incidents" are murders
or attempted murders carried out by the same defendant.
For the two murders found proven by the court in
The Hague, many experts do not exclude a natural cause of death. In
the case where digoxin poisoning was alleged, and supposedly detected
by independent measurements in two Dutch laboratories, the method used
in those laboratories did not exclude that the substance found was
actually a related substance naturally produced in the human body. The
Strasbourg laboratory used a new method, a test of high specificity
and sensitivity, and did not support the digoxin overdose hypothesis.
In the second case, the intoxication could have been an overdose
caused by a faulty prescription. For both children, it was not clear
how and when De Berk was able to administer the poison. Regarding the
digoxin case, the prosecution gave a detailed reconstruction of the
timing. However, other parts of the evidence discarded by the
prosecution showed by the time-stamp on a certain monitor that at the
alleged moment of poisoning De Berk was not with the patient at all,
and that the specialist and his assistant were with the patient at
that time.
The prosecution initially charged De Berk of
causing thirteen deaths or medical emergencies. In court, the defence
was able to show definitively that De Berk could not have been
involved at all in several of these cases. For instance, she had been
away for several days; the idea that she was there was due to
administrative errors. Furthermore, all deaths had been registered as
natural, with the exception of the last event. Even that last event
was initially thought to be a death by natural causes by the doctors
responsible for the child, but within a day, on being connected by
other hospital authorities with De Berk and her repeated presence at
recent incidents, it became classified as an unnatural death.
Statistical arguments
The court made heavy use of statistical
calculations to achieve its conviction. In a 2003 TV special of
NOVA, Dutch professor of Criminal Law Theo de Roos stated: "In the
Lucia de B. case statistical evidence has been of enormous importance.
I do not see how one could have come to a conviction without it". The
law psychologist Henk Elffers, who was used by the courts as expert
witness on statistics both in the original case and on appeal, was
also interviewed on the programme and stated that the chance of a
nurse working at the three hospitals being present at the scene of so
many unexplained deaths and resuscitations is one in 342 million.
This value was wrongly calculated. If one wishes to
combine p-values (right tail probabilities) of the statistical tests
based on data from three separate wards, one must introduce a
correction according to the number of tests, as a result of which the
chance becomes one in a million.
Biased reporting meant that this lower figure was
invalid. Events were attributed to De Berk once suspicions began to
fall on her, which could not have had anything to do with her in
reality. The statisticians Richard D. Gill and Piet Groeneboom
calculated a chance of one in twenty-five that a nurse could
experience a sequence of events of the same type as Lucia de Berk.
Philip Dawid, Professor of Statistics at the
University of Cambridge (UK), stated that Elffers "made very big
mistakes. He was not sufficiently professional to ask where the data
came from and how accurate the data were. Even granted the data were
accurate, he did some statistical calculations of a very simplistic
nature, based on very simple and unrealistic assumptions. Even granted
these assumptions, he had no idea how to interpret the numbers he
got". Professor DasGupta, a toxicologist from the University of
Houston, (Texas, US) commented on the complete lack of toxicological
evidence with regard to the claimed digoxin intoxication.
The use of probability arguments in the De Berk
case was discussed in a 2007 Nature article by Mark Buchanan.
He wrote:
The court needs to weigh up two different
explanations: murder or coincidence. The argument that the deaths
were unlikely to have occurred by chance (whether 1 in 48 or 1 in
342 million) is not that meaningful on its own - for instance, the
probability that ten murders would occur in the same hospital
might be even more unlikely. What matters is the relative
likelihood of the two explanations. However, the court was given
an estimate for only the first scenario.
The court needs to weigh up two different
explanations: murder or coincidence. The argument that the deaths
were unlikely to have occurred by chance (whether 1 in 48 or 1 in
342 million) is not that meaningful on its own - for instance, the
probability that ten murders would occur in the same hospital
might be even more unlikely. What matters is the relative
likelihood of the two explanations. However, the court was given
an estimate for only the first scenario.
At the initiative of Richard D. Gill, a petition
for a reopening of the Lucia de Berk case was started. On 2 November
2007 the signatures were presented to the Minister of Justice, Ernst
Hirsch Ballin, and the State Secretary of Justice, Nebahat Albayrak.
Over 1300 people signed the petition.
Lucia de Berk's diary also played a role in her
conviction. On the day of death of one of her patients (an elderly
lady in a terminal stage of cancer) she wrote that she had 'given in
to her compulsion'. She wrote on other occasions that she had a 'very
great secret' and that she was concerned about 'her tendency to give
in to her compulsion'. De Berk has stated that these were references
to her passion for reading tarot cards, which she explains she did
secretly because she did not believe it appropriate to the clinical
setting of a hospital. However, the court decided they were evidence
that she had euthanised the patients. According to the court, the
reading of cards does not accord with a 'compulsion' nor with 'perhaps
an expression of fatigue', as she described it at the time. De Berk's
daughter Fabiënne stated in an interview on the television program
Pauw & Witteman that some of her mother's notes in the diaries are
'pure fiction' which she intended to use in writing a thriller.
Dutch Forensic Institute Report
After the appeal proceedings were closed, but
before the judges delivered their verdict, the Public Prosecution
Service received, via the Netherlands Forensic Institute (NFI), a
report from a forensic laboratory in Strasbourg on the evidence for
digoxin poisoning. The report subsequently lay in a drawer of the NFI
for two years, but it did turn up in time for the final evaluation of
the case before the Supreme Court. According to the Public
Prosecution, the report contained no new facts, but according to De
Berk's defence the report proved that there was not a lethal
concentration of digoxin in the first case. The Supreme Court accepts
the facts reported by the judges at the appeal court, and is concerned
only with jurisprudence and correctness of the sentence, given those
facts. The report therefore was not admitted into the final
considerations of the sentence given to De Berk.
Posthumus II Commission
In general, in the Dutch legal system, cases are
not re-opened unless a new fact, called a novum, is found. New
interpretations by experts of old facts and data are generally not
considered a novum.
In spite of this, Ton Derksen submitted his and
Metta de Noo's research on the case to the Posthumus II Commission.
This ad hoc, non-permanent commission examines selected closed cases
and looks for evidence of errors in the police investigation
indicating "tunnel vision" and misunderstanding of scientific
evidence. Derksen pointed out that the medical experts who had ruled
out the possibility of death by natural causes had not been given all
relevant information, that the hypothesis of digoxin poisoning was
disproven, in particular by the Strasbourg analysis, and that the
statistical data were biased and the analysis incorrect, and the
conclusions drawn from it invalid. The commission announced on 19
October 2006 that this was one of the few cases it would consider in
detail. Three men, recruited by the Public Prosecution service from
the full Posthumus II committee, considered the following matters,
having been instructed to focus on possible blemishes in the criminal
Whether there were also unexplained deaths when
Lucia de Berk was not present, unknown to the public prosecutor.
Whether the expert witnesses were given all
relevant available information.
Whether scientific knowledge now threw a
different light on the digoxin question.
In October 2007, the commission released its report
and recommended that the case be re-opened. They concluded that the
case had been seriously marred from the start by tunnel vision. In
particular, the same persons, chosen from close circles of the
hospital authorities rather than on the basis of recognised relevant
expertise, had first helped the hospital in its internal
investigations, then had advised the police, and finally had appeared
before the courts as independent scientific experts. They noted that
there was strong disagreement concerning whether or not baby Amber had
died of digoxin poisoning. On 2 April 2008, De Berk was released for
three months because after re-examination of the death of the last
"victim", a natural death could no longer be ruled out.
Case reopened
On 17 June 2008, the Advocate-General of the
Supreme Court, G. Knigge, made a request for the Supreme Court to
reopen the case. On 7 October 2008 the court acceded to his request,
acknowledging that new facts uncovered by Knigge substantially
undermined earlier evidence. In particular, an independent team of
medical researchers with access to all available medical information
had reported to Advocate-General Knigge that the death which sparked
the case appears to have been a natural death. The key toxicologist of
the earlier trials had agreed with the new medical findings, pointing
out that at the time of the trial, the court had only given him
partial information about the medical state of the child. De Berk's
statements about her doings on the night of that child's death had
also been shown to be correct; indeed, during the period in which the
courts had earlier concluded that she must have administered poison,
the baby was actually being treated by a medical specialist and his
De Berk was allowed to remain free while awaiting a
retrial at the Court of Arnhem, which first adjourned while further
investigations were made. The public prosecution had asked for
extensive new forensic investigations, but this request was turned
down by the court. Instead it commissioned further independent medical
investigations into the cases of two more of the children, again
allowing a multidisciplinary medical team access to all possible
medical data concerning the children. At a session on 9 December 2009,
the court stated that new integral medical investigations of the last
nine months had confirmed that the cases of Amber, Achmed and Achraf
were all natural deaths/incidents. These were the only cases where
there was previously claimed proof of De Berk's culpability.)
The appeal hearing ended on 17 March 2010.
Witnesses heard on the final day stated that the deaths at the Juliana
Children's hospital were natural, sometimes caused by wrong treatment
or bad hospital management, and sometimes unexpected because of faulty
medical diagnosis. The behaviour of the nurses, including De Berk,
during a couple of medical crises turned out to have been swift and
effective, saving lives on several occasions. The Public Prosecution
capitulated, formally requesting the court to deliver a not guilty
verdict. On 14 April 2010, the court delivered the not guilty verdict.
On 12 November 2010, it was revealed that De Berk
had received an undisclosed amount of compensation from the Ministry
of Justice. The news was first broadcast by a local TV station in the
West of the Netherlands. It was later confirmed by the ministry to the
Dutch news agency ANP.
Nurse Lucia de Berk not guilty of murdering
seven patients
April 14, 2010
Nurse Lucia de Berk has been formally found not
guilty of murdering seven patients and attempting to murder three
more, ending one of the biggest miscarriages of justice in Dutch legal
De Berk, who always maintained her innocence, was
jailed for life in 2004.
The case against her was largely based on
statistical evidence and claims that a baby had been poisoned.
That supposed murder, later disputed by
toxicologists, led prosecutors to state that other patients had also
been killed by her.
Following campaigns by doctors and statisticians,
De Berk was released from jail in 2008 pending a review of the case
and eventual retrial. In March, the public prosecution department
urged judges to find her not guilty.
The way is now clear for De Berk, once described as
the Netherlands' most notorious serial killer, to make a substantial
claim for damages.
Justice minister Ernst Hirsch Ballin told reporters
he has sent De Berk a letter apologising for her incarceration. 'What
has been done to her is dreadful,' he said.
The former nurse is entitled to 'generous'
financial compensation, he said. De Berk spent over six years in jail.
Public prosecution department chief Harm Brouwer
has already apologised to De Berk in a private meeting last week, Nos
tv reports.
The public prosecution department has also
apologised to families of the people deemed to be De Berk's victims.
The alleged murders and attempted murders took
place at three hospitals between 1997 and 2001. They came to light
after police began investigating the death of a baby girl named Amber.
De Berk's eventual conviction was based on two
deaths, including that of baby Amber, which toxicology reports said
could have been caused by digoxin poisoning.
All the other patients were either very old or very
sick and died as a result of 'medically unexplained' causes. In these
cases, De Berk was on duty 'noticeably often' when someone died, the
prosecution department had claimed.
The statistical probability of her being present at
so many deaths was central to the prosecution's case. None of the
alleged victims underwent post mortem examinations.
Dutch nurse gets life for murdering four
By Andrew Osborn - Guardian.co.uk
March 25, 2003
A Dutch nurse thought to be one of the most
prolific serial killers in the Netherlands was yesterday jailed for
life after a court found her guilty of the murder of four of her
patients and the attempted murder of three others.
Lucy Isabella Quirina de Berk, 41, has repeatedly
protested her innocence but a court in the Hague yesterday concluded
that she had killed three babies and one elderly woman by lethal
It also found her guilty of trying to murder two
other babies and another pensioner.
The case has captured the public imagination
because of the large number of people who died under suspicious
circumstances in De Berk's care - she was initially accused of killing
13 and of attempting to murder five others.
It has also raised fears that the Netherlands'
ground-breaking decision to legalise euthanasia may allow doctors and
nurses to get away with murder.
The presiding judge, Jeanne Kalk, said: "[De Berk]
went about her work in a refined and calculating way when the chance
of discovery was small. Apparently she believed she was qualified to
hold the power of life and death over these people."
The murders happened between 1997 and 2001 at three
hospitals in the Hague. In each case the patient died of an overdose
of either potassium or morphine and De Berk was the last person to be
at the bedside.
During her trial statisticians testified that the
chances of her being present coincidentally at each death were one in
A verdict had been expected last October, but De
Berk was ordered to undergo psychiatric tests.
Her conviction was secured with the aid of
apparently damning entries in her personal diary.
"I gave in to my compulsions ... I don't even know
why I am doing it ... I will take this secret with me to the grave ...
still I hope I am helping people by this," read one such entry.
De Berk's lawyer said yesterday he would appeal
against the ruling, which he alleged was based solely on
circumstantial evidence.
Nurse accused of killing 13
patients insists she's innocent as trial ends
Canadian Press
Tuesday, September 24, 2002
THE HAGUE (AP) - A Dutch nurse
accused of murdering 13 patients with drug overdoses insisted she is
innocent Tuesday, saying her love for life is so vast she could never
kill another person.
Lucy Quirina de Berk's comments brought to a close
the five-day trial and judges went into deliberations. They will issue
their verdict Oct. 8 and sentence de Berk if she is found guilty. In a
final appeal to the court, de Berk, who spent her teenage years in
Canada, said prosecutors had unfairly portrayed her as a calculating
killer and that she isn't the evil person they made her out to be. "It
is true that I often questioned my own life," de Berk told the panel
of three judges. "But I never questioned that of another."
"My mother always said I was a difficult and she
was right, but to say I killed people just isn't true."
De Berk, who has a history of depression and worked
as a prostitute in Vancouver and the Netherlands, has been described
by prosecutors as a sociopath who skilfully killed her patients with
lethal overdoses of medication for 4½ years.
"We cannot predict what the court will rule," said
prosecution spokeswoman Astrid Rijsdorp. "But we are coinvinced she
took their lives," she said.
De Berk has admitted lying under oath about her
credentials and stealing copies of patient records. Her lawyer Ton
Visser argued Tuesday that those offences can't be accepted by the
court as proof of an intent to kill.
Visser called for the dismissal of charges, arguing
that the prosecution's case was sloppy and inconclusive.
The 41-year-old suspect has been charged with 18
counts of murder and attempted murder at four hospitals in the Hague
area. She is a suspect in several other cases, but prosecutors said
they didn't have enough evidence to prove her involvement.
De Berk's alleged victims, ranging from infant
children to a 91-year-old Chinese judge at the United Nations war
crimes tribunal, died between 1997 and 2001 in varying circumstances
that puzzled medical experts who testified in her trial.
The defendant's brother, who gave a statement to
investigators, called his sister a good liar and said he believed she
was capable of killing. Several colleagues were quoted as saying de
Berk had an unhealthy attachment to terminally ill patients.
Prosecutors called an FBI expert on serial killers
to sketch a profile of the "typical" culprit in multiple murder cases
and a toxicologist to explain how her alleged victims had died.
In nearly all cases, chronically ill patients
turned blue and died suddenly and unexpectedly while de Berk was on
duty. A number of them, including a six-month-old girl successfully
operated for heart trouble, had been expected to return home soon.
But the fact that people died while in de Berk's
care isn't enough to implicate her in murder, Visser argued.
"Coincidence exists," he said.
"If people are ill and are deprived of oxygen they
discolour, that doesn't have to mean it was Lucy's fault," he said.
None of the witnesses directly linked de Berk to
the deaths or said they were sure she had committed the crimes in her
Further countering prosecution allegations, Visser
cited witness statements describing de Berk as a caring, competent and
involved member of her hospital team. Her performance, he said, had
not been doubted until prosecutors opened a criminal investigation in
Sept. 2001.
De Berk described her difficult youth with
alcoholic parents who she said were unable to give her attention.
After dropping out of high school and breaking from her family, she
was tricked into prostitution and later robbed and beaten by
On Monday, prosecutors requested that she be
sentenced to life imprisonment, saying she is a danger to society.
"They have portrayed me as a bad person and I'm
just not like that," de Berk told the court in her final plea.
"I love life and would never take that away from
anyone," she said.
Dutch nurse 'killed 13 by lethal injection'
Hague court hears woman deny hospital murders
By Andrew Osborn - Guardian.co.uk
September 18, 2002
A Dutch nurse accused of carrying out a killing
spree on patients in her care went on trial yesterday for the murder
of 13 people, including four babies.
Lucy Isabella Quirina de Berk, 40, allegedly
administered lethal injections of morphine or some other drug to at
least 13 patients. She is charged with the attempted murder of five
The deaths occurred between 1997 and 2001 at three
different hospitals in the Hague.
The victims were aged between two months and 91
years and prosecutors claim that Ms De Berk deliberately preyed on the
very young and the very old so as not to arouse suspicion. She was,
they say, "obsessed with death" and a psychopath.
One of the victims was a 91-year-old Chinese judge
at the Yugoslav war crimes tribunal.
Rene Elkerbout, a spokesman for the Hague district
court, where the case is being heard, says it is the most serious
murder trial the city has ever seen: "Thirteen victims is a record for
us. We've never had anything like this before."
Ms De Berk denies the charges and yesterday, on the
opening day of her trial, she tried to pin the blame on negligent
doctors whom she claimed had failed to realise how seriously ill the
patients in her care were.
One of the 13 people who died under her supervision
was a physically and mentally handicapped six-year-old Afghan boy,
Ahmad Noory, who died as a result of a lethal overdose of sleeping
medication. Yesterday Ms De Berk denied she had killed the boy.
"I have a clear conscience. I didn't do a thing,"
she told the presiding judge, Jeanne Kalk. "Of course it [his death]
is strange but I don't know how it happened.
"I warned the doctor that the child was very ill
and nothing was done. Nobody did anything when I told them Ahmad had
stopped responding and couldn't be woken up."
It was the first time that Ms De Berk had broken
her silence on the case since her arrest last December.
Her lawyers say there is little real evidence
against her and not a single witness: much of the prosecution case is
based on the premise that she appeared to be the only person present
when the patients died.
The fact that many of those who died were children
born with physical abnormalities or elderly people suffering from
terminal illnesses also complicates the prosecution's task.
However, in March investigators exhumed the bodies
of three children initially believed to have died of terminal
illnesses and discovered traces of toxins in their blood.
Ms De Berk is also accused of forging her
professional qualifications and prosecutors claim that her reading
matter indicates she has an unhealthy interest in murder. Searches of
her home unearthed books such as Inside the Home of a Serial Killer.
In a country where euthanasia has just become legal
- though it has been informally tolerated for decades - the case has
touched a raw nerve.
The new law lays out strict criteria for mercy
killing but the De Berk case has revived fears that medical staff
could get away with murder more easily.
The indictment against Ms De Berk shows she had a
troubled childhood. Her alcoholic parents moved to Canada when she was
a teenager and she worked as a prostitute in Vancouver.
The trial, which is expected to last until Monday,
will hear from a toxicologist and an FBI expert on serial killers. A
verdict is not expected for a fortnight. Ms De Berk could face life
Dutch nurse 'killed' war crimes judge
BBC News
June 19, 2002
A judge with the war crimes
tribunal for the former Yugoslavia has been identified by Dutch
prosecutors as one of the alleged victims of a nurse charged with
murdering 13 people over a four-year period.
Chinese judge Haopei Li died in November 1997 at
the age of 91. No details on the cause of his death were released at
the time.
The nurse, Lucy Isabella Quirina de Berk, is
accused of killing both children and elderly people in her care by
giving them a lethal dose of morphine and potassium.
The killings are alleged to have taken place
between February 1997 and September 2001.
Ms De Berk, 40, has been in custody for six months
and is due to go on trial in The Hague in September.
"The judge was one of her victims," Evert Boerstra,
spokesman for the Hague prosecutors office told BBC News Online.
Mr Boerstra said was no indication that Li's
position at the UN court had anything to do with his alleged murder.
A founding member of the 11-member war crimes
tribunal in The Hague, the judge was due to retire the same month as
his death.
Ms De Berk got into medical training using a fake
high school diploma, her indictment says.
Prosecutors described her as a classic psychopath
"obsessed with death".
Ms De Berk spent her teenage years in Canada after
moving to Winnipeg from the Netherlands with her alcoholic parents,
and later worked as a prostitute in Vancouver, prosecutors say.
Dutch nurse accused of 14 murders
May 8, 2002
A Dutch nurse has been accused of murdering 14
people, according to public prosecutors.
Her victims are said to include babies, young
children and elderly patients at four hospitals in The Hague.
Prosecutors have described the woman as a "classic
The killings are alleged to have taken place over a
four-year period between February 1997 and September 2001.
The nurse, who has also been charged with four
attempted murders, is due to go on trial in The Hague in June.
Lethal overdose
The woman, aged 40, is accused of killing five
babies and children and nine elderly people in her care, by giving
them a lethal dose of drugs.
"The nurse is suspected of killing the victims by
giving them substances such as potassium... and morphine," Hague
prosecutors said in a statement.
"In certain cases, the nature of the deadly
substance could not be determined."
Some of the deaths were said to have occurred in a
children's ward and a prison infirmary, but the prosecutors' statement
gave no indication of the illnesses suffered by the victims.
Babies less than a year old and patients as old as
91 were among the victims, prosecutors said.
The nurse, whose name has not been released, is
also charged with four attempted murders and forging school
certificates to enable her to qualify for medical training.
She was suspended from her last job at a hospital
in The Hague in 2001 following the death of a baby. She has since been
According to the Associated Press news agency, the
woman is a former resident of Winnipeg, Canada, who is obsessed with
death and has attempted suicide seven times in the past decade.
The bodies of three children she allegedly killed
were disinterred for examination in March, according to the news
Synopsis/reconstruction of the Lucia de Berk
* Supervisors at the hospital are suspicious
because of a small cluster of deaths and the repeated presence of a
particular and striking nurse in the shifts when the deaths occur;
there has been some gossip among some colleague nurses, too,
concerning her past.
Actually, an intensive care ward has just been
closed for economization reasons and the cluster is probably due to a
change in case-mix on the ward in question. There is also nervousness
among the staff because of reorganization, merger, possible job
* After a lull, a new event (Achraf) raises
suspicion again to high levels. Gossip increases.
* Lucia is deliberately given heavy night shifts
while Amber's situation is rapidly deteriorating though the
responsible specialist is not aware of this and has told the parents
that she can go home [to die?] soon.
* Amber dies on Lucia's shift, the hospital goes
into Red Alert. Press release, newspaper items, letters written to
parents of dead children. "Sorry, it seems we may have a serial killer
here, but don't get angry, we are in full control of the situation".
Some days later the police are also involved. 9-11.
The police come to law-psychologist and
ex-statistician Henk Elffers with the story, thinking that it is
probably much ado about nothing. He convinces them that it is NOT
chance, something really is going on! It is indeed not chance as he
understood it, his formulation of "chance" is the wrong one. His
analysis is inappropriate. Moreover the data he was given were biased,
and moreover, (adding insult to injury) he blundered in his
calculations. He ALSO resolved all possible data-analysis choices
available to him, in the way most damning to Lucia, whether by luck or
bad judgement, we shall never know. Though repeatedly hearing
the extensive scientific arguments against his methodology he never
retracted them.
In the meantime the hospital authorities have come
up with lots more deaths and incidents at other hospitals. We had a
serial killer, now we also have the people she killed. It just remains
to get the proof. How did she do it and why?
After a year, someone comes up with the digoxin
theory and a (provably wrong) reconstruction is given of how Lucia
poisoned Amber with digoxin. The situation right now is that there is
good reason to believe she did not die of this at all [Dasgupta - top
world authority on digoxin poisoning].
Uges: "the mystery is not what Amber died of, but
how come she was still alive". The available material was of
"such bad quality that the actual cause of death is idle speculation".
De Wolff, alone, does still support the digoxin
theory as cause of death, but he rules out that it was administered by
Lucia. There are still the mysteries of where did the piece of
gauze come from, which was found at the second autopsy, but so far not
claimed by anyone, and from which a sample of bloody fluid was
squeezed out. And why was the last real blood sample taken of Amber,
taken while she was still alive, get thrown away the week _after_ a
murder investigation starts§?
At the first court hearing, Richard de Mulder
[colleague and collabororator of Elffers, a lawyer with an MBA and a
computer hobby] supports Elffers' analysis and conclusion, and
convinces the court that "the coincidence needs explanation".
They understand this as follows: "Lucia needs to
explain the coincidence". She is unable. Five possibilities offered
her by Elffers "by way of example" do not give her any help. The fact
that Lucia denies killing, and cannot explain her presence, shows she
is a liar and a killer, and the fact that no evidence can be found of
how she killed anyone else, shows how refined a killer she is. The
fact that the times of death were unpredicted and that no common cause
could be found provides a link between them (!). The diary provides a
motive - a compulsion - because of a coincidence between a diary entry
and a death of a terminally ill aged cancer patient on her ward. The
non-coincidences are not reported. Lucia is convicted of only 4 of the
murders and 2 of the attempted murders, with which she was originally
charged. She is given a life sentence.
Both Lucia and the prosecution appeal. The
prosecution wants more murders pinned on Lucia. This requires even
stronger reliance on the statistics since other key parts of the
evidence have significantly weakened in the meantime. However moral
probabilist Meester and computer scientist and logician van Lambalgen
insist that there is not a single well defined probability in such a
case. The judges obligingly remove reference to any particular
probability and any particular calculation-method from their summing
up. The fundamentally wrong argument of Elffers and de Mulder,
based moreover on wrong data, remains in its entirety, but in verbal
form and carefully avoiding use of the words "probability" or
"statistics". The first page of the summing-up reports that indeed, no
statistical probability calculation is used in the conviction. Exeunt
statisticians. Lucia is convicted for 7 murders and 3 attempts (still
less than she was charged with). The court increases the sentence to
life, followed by detention in psychiatric care.
The evidence from Strasburg, further destroying the
digoxin argument, arrives too late for the trial. It is lost in a
drawer at the Netherlands Forensic Institute for two years. The
Supreme Court removes detention in psychiatric ward after the life
sentence, since Lucia has not pleaded that she was mentally disturbed
when doing the crimes. (She still declares her innocence).
Committee Posthumus II ("Evaluation of closed
cases") does take Lucia's case into consideration and passes the
dossier to a committe of Three Wise Men, recruited from the larger
committee. The "three wise men" are to report to the Public
Prosecution Service and they have a Public Prosecutor as chairman, a
professor of criminal law and part-time judge, and a retired policeman
from the board of Rotterdam's Feyenoord football team, as advisory
members. They are instructed by the "entrance committee" - i.e., by
themselves - to see if errors have been made in the police
investigation. They are not instructed to look at errors made by the
prosecution. There can be no errors made by the judges, since the case
has now been to the ultimate authority, the Supreme Court. They can in
principle make a recommendation that the case be reopened. This advice
would then be considered by the Supreme Court. The Supreme Court has
the power to send the case to be reopened by a normal appeal court.
The Supreme Court will only request reopening of
the case if "new evidence" is available, of such import, that had it
been available to the judge during the trial, it would likely have
impacted the judge's conclusion, or if new evidence shows that key
evidence gathered by the police was not actually legal. The Three Wise
Men have not instructed themselves to see if there is new evidence.
Nor can they conclude that the wrong conclusions were drawn from
existing evidence (this is legally speaking impossible, since the case
is legally closed).
They are only to see if police procedures were
imperfect. They might conclude that there were failings in police
procedure but they could easily imagine that this did not impact the
verdict significantly, if they are not to evaluate the judge's
arguement anyway.
As said, the three wise men will report to the
Chief of the Public Prosecution Service, not to the Supreme Court.
The Chief Public Prosecutor will consult with the
Minister of Justice before acting in this situation. Both he and the
Minister of Justice believe that the system in the Netherlands works
perfectly. Moreover they believe that public faith in the system was
already too badly shaken by the events which led to the installation
of committee Posthumus II. That committee is part of an operation to
restore public faith in our system, which is not subject to any of the
faults which have beset the systems of other countries in recent
years. They will be highly reluctant to allow public faith to be
shaken by the reopening of yet another case.
Posthumus II only received requests to consider 25
cases, and only took up 3 of them. These small numbers are said to
confirm that the system is indeed working very well, as was expected;
the public's worries were unfounded and public faith in the system can
be restored. (In the UK, the CCRC receives about 2000 cases per year,
admitting about 25; almost all of these 25 finally lead to overturned
convictions). The criteria for consideration by Posthumus II are
however extremely stringent. It is only admitted that police
investigators could err, by misinterpreting scientific evidence,
thereby inadvertently leading public prosecutors astray. The only
members of the "public" who were allowed to submit a case are
established scientists who have done significant new research on it.
A recent survey shows that the Dutch public is
actually highly satisfied by the justice system in the country (fourth
European place). The scandals which led to installation of the
Posthumum II committee have had no impact on this at all. I hope that
the chief public prosecutor and the minister of justice will take this
to mean that no harm whatsoever need be done to public faith in the
system by reopening this case too.


text: The attitude of the Christian that teaches us not to "...think more highly of himself than he ought to think; but to think so as to have sound judgment..." (Rom. 12:3). It teaches us to prefer others over ourselves (Rom. 12:10). It is knowing our true position before God. It is not self-abasement or demeaning one's self. "God is opposed to the proud, but gives grace to the humble," (James 4:6). Humility is necessary to be a disciple of Jesus (Matt. 18:3-4). The humility of Jesus is described in Philippians 2:5-8, "Your attitude should be the same as that of Christ Jesus: Who, being in very nature God, did not consider equality with God something to be grasped, but made himself nothing, taking the very nature of a servant, being made in human likeness. And being found in appearance as a man, he humbled himself and became obedient to death - even death on a cross!" (NIV).

subset: commoncrawl


text:
One the drives in a 2-disk software RAID-1 array on a dedicated server running CentOS failed suddenly this weekend and took the entire server down. While I haven't had time to review the logs and monitoring completely there appears to have been no warning (although I was not specifically monitoring raid). Since I'm new to RAID and have a few questions about the failure:
- Should a disk failure in a RAID normally bring down the server? My understanding was that RAID was specifically to prevent this.
- When looking at the logs is there any log or thing in particular I should look for as a cause or precursor?
- How should I monitor my RAID in the future? Is looking at


text:
Restricted Expression
Returns Amidst Fervor
William Sherman
From: "William Sherman"
To: "Positive Atheism" <email@example.com>
Subject: My boss is a theist ...
Date: September 13, 2001 4:13 PM
Hello. Could you lend some advice please?
I work for the State of Florida, at the Department of Labor. Since this terrorism in NYC and DC, we have been flooded with e-mails from the Secretary of Labor and various associates, ending their e-mails with stuff like "God Keep us All" and "God Bless Us" and the ever popular "God Bless America."
Now several months ago, we got an order to remove all tag-lines and signatures from e-mail as it could offend people and so forth. I did so.
You know, now they make me feel like a crank for complaining, but I don't want to hear about God at work.
I think, right now, we need science, not God. We need science that created the saws and cranes and torches that are going to save people. Not God.
I also think that if I was, say, a Satanist, they would come down hard on me if I ended my e-mails with, "Hail Almighty Satan! 666 Forever!"
I'm not a Satanist, though, I'm an atheist. And even if I was, I wouldn't do something to make other people feel uncomfortable.
Is this a Civil Rights issue? Can I go to the civil rights office at work and file a complaint? What about retribution? This place drips politics and backstabbing, and cronyism and favoritism.
Do you have any advice?
Thank you.
Hail Satan! (Just kidding).
Will Sherman
From: "Positive Atheism" <email@example.com>
To: "William Sherman"
Subject: Re: My boss is a theist ...
Date: September 13, 2001 7:21 PM
Who issued the order to end the tag-lines? I would start there.
Then, it's time to step out and commit the ultimate crime of criticizing religion in the face of this tragedy. It's time to point out that religion is what caused this to happen (religion combined with nationalism whipped up into a frenzy that can only be compared to religious fervor), religion is being used to justify it, and religion is fermenting the feelings of revenge that can only escalate this thing into global conflict.
I will start by pointing out that I do not see the connection between this incident and that god-talk which I have thus far heard in response. We are being asked to pray to a god who, from all appearances, was asleep at the wheel on Tuesday. It makes much more sense (that it, it makes me feel much more "complete"), to simply assume that no such thing as God exists.
Yes, this is risky, but I am suggesting that we at least popularize the question regarding the connection between the god-talk and what has really happened. I am also recommending that we point out to our immediate associates that religion is what started this whole thing and religion is what could easily escalate it into a problem that will eventually dwarf what happened on Tuesday into insignificance. That is what religious fervor does, especially when mixed with nationalism that has been whipped up into a frenzy of religious proportions.
Cliff Walker
Positive Atheism Magazine
Six years of service to
people with no reason to believe
Material by Cliff Walker (including unsigned editorial commentary) is copyright ©1995-2006 by Cliff Walker. Each submission is copyrighted by its writer, who retains control of the work except that by submitting it to Positive Atheism, permission has been granted to use the material or an edited version: (1) on the Positive Atheism web site; (2) in Positive Atheism Magazine; (3) in subsequent works controlled by Cliff Walker or Positive Atheism Magazine (including published or posted compilations). Excerpts not exceeding 500 words are allowed provided the proper copyright notice is affixed. Other use requires permission; Positive Atheism will work to protect the rights of all who submit their writings to us.


text:
Timothy Doebler
MS, University of Alaska Anchorage; BS, University of the State of New York
Timothy Doebler is an American Culinary Federation certified working chef and certified cook. He is also certified in food service sanitation by the National Institute for the Food Service Industry. Doebler is a member of the Alaska Culinary Association, Alaska Chefs de Cuisine, the Alaska and American Vocational Associations, the American Federation of Teachers, and the Hotel and Restaurant Employees Union.


text:
The 'inerrancy' and 'infallible' debate, part 3.
"'And truth, without any mixture of error, for its matter. Therefore, all Scripture is totally true and trustworthy,' is how our Southern Baptist Statement of Faith describes in words as best it can, the ideas of inerrancy and infallibility," related the Reverend J.A. Layman, evangelist with Sterling Ministries, before The Lay School faculty here in Clinton, Tennessee. "The first Scripture reference our Statement of Faith cites is Exodus 24:4, which reads:
4 And Moses wrote all the words of the LORD, and rose up early in the morning, and builded an altar under the hill, and twelve pillars, according to the twelve tribes of Israel.
Taking this literally as written we conclude that the first five books of the Bible, the Book(s) of Moses, contain the words of God.
And in John 17:17, we read:
17 Sanctify them through thy truth: thy word is truth. [REFERENCE: Literal interpretation.]
How much plainer could the apostle John have made this? Now, rather than continue to cite and examine more of the Scripture references the Southern Baptist Convention cites in our Statement of Faith, for these two already quoted will suffice for our discussion, let us consider the alternative. IF the Bible, all of it, is NOT inspired Scripture, which is diametrically opposite what the Scriptures claim of themselves and the church has historically asserted, who is qualified to decide which parts of the Scriptures are truly inspired and which parts are not, and therefore ought to be removed? We must always remember that the basis upon which our practice is founded is FAITH, that is, believing without having tangible proof. And the Scriptures teach, and Bible-believing Christians can attest to the fact, that faith comes by hearing and/or reading the Word of God, just as the Scriptures assert in Romans 10:17."
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text:
Adult Learner Focus
Adding school to the list of activities in your busy life requires balancing family, work, and other life commitments. While this may seem overwhelming at first, with desire, persistence, and help from GHCs professors, advisors, and professional staff, you can get on the right track.
Here at GHC, eLearning consists of web-based, eCore, and hybrid courses. While there are unique requirements within each type of course, they provide a set of flexible alternatives to the traditional college classroom that affords the adult learner the opportunity to find the best fit in course selection.
Assessment Tools and Resources
Prior Learning Assessment (PLA)
Did you know that you could possibly use work and/or life experience to earn college credits through portfolio assessment? Or that you could take an exam in a particular subject to receive credit--and not have to take the course while also saving money at the same time? For more information about portfolio assessment, please contact us. Additional ways to take advantage of PLA:
eLearning: What to Expect from Your Online Class
We want you to be prepared for online coursework so we've designed this short tutorial that is required of all (online) students. This assessment takes just minutes to complete yet provides you with a foundation for what to expect in your online class. Once you have completed the quiz, you'll be ready to register for online classes!
SmarterMeasure Assessment
This assessment, offered by Georgia ONmyLINE, is a tool which helps you determine your level of readiness for taking online or technology rich courses. SmarterMeasure provides instant, detailed information with easy to interpret graphs and text that provide pointers on how to manage your time and be successful overall in your online classes. And best of all, you choose which sections you want to complete based on your time. You can even save your progress and come back to it later.
NOW - Nights Online Weekends Program
This program is the perfect pathway for the working GHC learner to reach their career goal. Please contact the NOW Coordinator for more information!
GHC Adult Learning Site
GHC has put together some additional resources for adult learners at our GHC Adult and Veteran Affairs site
Military and Veterans Services
If you are looking for military or veterans services, you can find more information at the GHC Military & Veterans Services site.
University System of Georgia Resources
While we here at GHC would like to have you complete a degree with us, the most important thing is for you to fulfill your goals. If you want information on other University System of Georgia schools that have adult learner resources, try the Georgiaonmyline adult learner site.


text:
2011 Girls All-County Swim Team
200 medley relay: Nease
Rebecca Crosby, so.; Hannah Smith, so.; Kristia Hoffman, so.; Alyssa Pivniouk, sr.
Why they're here: County's only state qualifer, they were 15th in 2A meet at 1:59.06.
200 freestyle: Rachel Hackney, St. Augustine, so.
Why she's here: Was county's fastest at regional, taking 10th in 2:04.24.
200 IM: Danielle Gordon, Creekside, fr.
Why she's here: Won consolation finals at regional meet in 2:17.32.
50 freestyle: Julianna Pettinger, Bartram Trail, so.
Why she's here: Had one of county's best showings at Class 2A meet, she was sixth in 24.58 seconds.
HM: Alyssa Pivniouk, Nease, sr.
Diving: Anne Zahil, Ponte Vedra, jr.
Why she's here: Had strong effort at regional, taking seventh (323.75).
100 butterfly: Camille Clarson, Ponte Vedra, sr.
Why she's here: Led county at Region 1-2A meet by finishing 11th in 1:03.58.
100 freestyle: Devin Floyd, Creekside, so.
Why she's here: Had quality race at regional, going for 15th in 57.79 seconds.
500 freestyle: Meghan Haila, Creekside, so.
Why she's here: Double state qualifier, she finished seventh in 2A meet in 5:02.61. Took second at regional.
HM: Lindsay Hansen, Bartram Trail, sr.
200 freestyle relay: Ponte Vedra
Melissa Kochan, jr.; Hannah Santillo, so.; Katie Dalton, sr.; Camille Clarson, sr.
Why they're here: Among the best county performers at the Class 2A meet, team placed fifth in 1:42.78.
HM: Nease
100 backstroke: Julianna Pettinger, Bartram Trail, so.
Why she's here: She was 12th in Class 2A meet in 1:00.13.
100 breaststroke: Meghan Haila, Creekside, so.
Why she's here: Swimmer of the Year tied for second at Class 2A meet in 1:05.40.
HM: Danielle Gordon, Creekside, fr.
400 freestyle relay: Creekside
Danielle Gordon, fr.; Natalia Veray, fr.; Devin Floyd, so.; Meghan Haila, so.
Why they're here: Talented group finished 12th in state in 3:46.12.
HM: Ponte Vedra
The Record's Top swimmers
2009-10: Grace Hoffman, Nease
2008: Stacey Stanfield, SAHS
2006-07: Kirsty Shepler, Nease
2005: Kristen Gerkens, Nease
2004: Stephanie Branham, Nease
2003: Katie Engmann, Nease
Teams were selected by sports writer Stuart Korfhage based on finishes at state-series meets. State qualifiers who were not fastest in county receive honorable mention.


text:
The National Labor Relations Board (NLRB) has proposed a new rule that would require nearly all employers to post notices at their facilities describing employees' right to unionize. The NLRB press release describes some details of the proposed rule. The new posters will have to be posted where other required employment notices are posted, and will also have to be sent electronically to employees if the employer primarily communicates through email. The proposed rule is subject to a sixty day public comment period, so compliance won't be required until the period expires in late February, 2011.
Most private sector employees fall under the jurisdiction of the NLRB and will be required to post, no matter the size of the company or the number of employees. The posting itself will look very similar to the one required for government contractors under an Executive Order issued by the Obama Administration earlier this year. In addition to detailing the right to unionize, the poster will also list examples of actions by employers (and unions) that violate the law.
This new rule will create many potential problems for employers who fail to comply. Unions or employees could file unfair labor practice charges, forcing the employer to defend itself before the NLRB, and ultimately be forced to post another notice to employees announcing that it will not violate employee's rights. This could be used for propaganda purposes during a union organizing campaign, or as evidence to support other charges against the employer. Alternatively, a union trying to organize could use the failure to post as an objection to overturn the results of an election won by the employer.
This is just the first of many expected changes to NLRB rules to help unions organize. The new union controlled majority on the Board will also likely reduce the period of time prior to a union election from the current 42 days to somewhere between 21 and 10 days, which will limit the ability of companies to effectively respond. There also may be new rules changing the union election procedure and giving unions access rights to non-union workplaces.


text:
OBJECTIVE: To determine whether pedometers can be used to measure physical activity in dogs. DESIGN: Cross-sectional study. ANIMALS: 26 dogs. PROCEDURE: To determine pedometer accuracy, number of steps recorded with the pedometer as dogs walked, trotted, and ran for a distance of approximately 30 m ...
Changes in serum thyroxine and thyroid-stimulating hormone concentrations in epileptic dogs receiving phenobarbital for one year
A multicentric prospective study was conducted to monitor the effect of phenobarbital on serum total thyroxine (T4) and thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) concentrations in epileptic dogs. Serum T4 concentrations were determined for 22 epileptic dogs prior to initiation of phenobarbital therapy (time...
Liver histopathology and liver and serum alanine aminotransferase and alkaline phosphatase activities in epileptic dogs receiving phenobarbital
Phenobarbital (PB) therapy is frequently associated with elevated serum alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and alkaline phosphatase (AP) activities in dogs without clinical signs of liver disease. The goal of this study was to determine if increased serum ALT and AP activities in clinically healthy PB-t...


text:
Feb. 22, 2012
IOWA CITY, Iowa -- THE SETTING
The University of Iowa women's basketball team will play its final road game of the regular season Thursday, traveling to Evanston to take on the Northwestern Wildcats. Tip-off at Welsh-Ryan Arena is scheduled for 7 p.m.
Brent Balbinot and Shelley Till will call Thursday's game for the Hawkeye Radio Network. Hawkeye fans can listen to the contest on AM-800 KXIC in Iowa City, AM-1360 KMJM in Cedar Rapids or on the Hawkeye All-Access page of hawkeyesports.com.
Thursday's contest at Northwestern will be streamed live on hawkeyesports.com via the BTN Digital Network. Hawkeye All-Access subscribers can watch live video streams of UI events on the BTN Digital Network at no extra charge.
Hawkeye fans can also follow the game via live stats (Gametracker). The "GT" link can be accessed under the "Calendar" tab on the front page of hawkeyesports.com or on the women's basketball schedule page.
Iowa has played 1,094 games since beginning basketball in 1974. Iowa's overall record is 669-424 (.612). That includes a 338-170 (.665) mark in regular season Big Ten contests and a 321-91 (.779) mark in Carver-Hawkeye Arena.
The Northwestern Wildcats are 14-13 overall and 4-10 in Big Ten play.
In its last game, Northwestern was defeated at Illinois, 69-57. Dannielle Diamant and Morgan Jones each had 16 points to lead the Wildcats. Kendall Hackney had 15 points. Illinois shot 51.2 percent from the field (22-of-43) and limited Northwestern to just 32.7 percent (17-of-52).
Hackney leads the team with 15.2 points per game and Jones is averaging 14.5 points.Diamant is next at 13.8 points per game and leads the team with 6.6 rebounds per contest. Brittany Orban is also averaging double figures at 12.3 points per game.
As a team, Northwestern is shooting 39.5 percent from the field (628-of-1588), including 30.1 percent from 3-point distance (150-of-499).
Kamille Wahlin ranks third in career 3-pointers made (220), fourth in career assists (410) and 10th in career scoring (1,418). She needs two more 3-pointers to move past Wendy Ausdemore into second place, three more assists to move past Kristi Smith for third place and 22 more points to past Megan Skouby for ninth place.
Iowa leads the all-time series, 45-13. The Hawkeyes have won 18 of the last 19 games against Northwestern, including nine of the last 10 in Evanston. Iowa is 21-6 all-time in games played in Evanston.
Iowa and Northwestern share two common nonconference opponents in UNLV and Kansas State. The Hawkeyes were defeated at home by UNLV (69-59) and on the road by Kansas State in overtime (81-78). Northwestern defeated UNLV (79-49) and lost to Kansas State (64-45) on a neutral court in the BTI Invitational in Las Vegas.
Both Iowa and Northwestern have high-ranking freshmen classes. Iowa's class of five newcomers was ranked the 11th-best class of 2011 by ESPN HoopGurlz. Northwestern's class of three freshmen ranked 14th. Both classes included a McDonald's High School All-American (Iowa - Samantha Logic, Northwestern - Morgan Jones).
Iowa freshman Kathryn Reynolds and Northwestern junior Kendall Hackney are both from Cincinnati, Ohio, and were teammates at Mount Notre Dame High School.
Iowa used a furious scoring run early in the first half en route to an 86-55 win over Northwestern (Dec. 30) to open the conference season with a win.
Kamille Wahlin drained a 3-pointer at the 15:11 mark in the first half to spark a 22-5 run over the next 4:58. The Hawkeyes drained six-straight 3-pointers during the run to take a 35-18 advantage. Iowa finished with 12 three-pointers and shot .444 from long distance.
Four players scored double figures, led by Jaime Printy with 20 points. Wahlin (16), Morgan Johnson (14) and Melissa Dixon (10) led Iowa in scoring. Johnson was also one rebound shy of a double-double, while Printy (8) and Wahlin (7) led the team in assists.
Six Iowa opponents are ranked in the AP or ESPN/USA Today polls: Ohio State (8/14), Penn State (11/15), Texas A&M (14/11), St. John's (20/25), Purdue (22/RV) and Nebraska (23/23).
In addition, Kansas State is receiving votes.
Senior Kamille Wahlin buried a 3-pointer with 46 seconds remaining to give Iowa a 58-57 win at Michigan (Feb. 16).
Iowa trailed by as many as 16 points in the contest, but mounted a late second half comeback to get the win. The Hawkeyes trailed by 15 points early in the final half, but a 14-4 run pulled Iowa within five with 11:50 remaining. Iowa kept things close and a Samantha Logic 3-pointer with 1:16 left made it a two-point game.
After a Michigan turnover, Wahlin sank a 3-pointer to give Iowa its first lead of the game with 46 seconds left. Michigan had two shots at the win with less than five seconds left, but both were unsuccessful to give Iowa the win.
Wahlin finished with 18 points while Logic had 12 points and 18 rebounds. Morgan Johnson had 11 points and eight rebounds.
Samantha Logic earned Big Ten Freshman of the Week honors for the second-consecutive week (Feb. 21) after Iowa's win at Michigan.
Logic collected her second straight double-double, and her fourth of the season, with 12 points and a career-high 18 rebounds in the victory. Her 18 rebounds are the most by an Iowa freshman and are the most, in a Big Ten game, this season. Her 18 boards were also the fourth-most in Crisler Arena history.
Logic earned her first Big Ten Player and Freshman of the Week honors the previous week after Iowa's wins over Minnesota and Michigan State. She averaged a double-double with 18.5 points and 11 rebounds in the Hawkeyes' two wins. She shot a blistering 65 percent from the field (13-of-20) and 90 percent (9-of-10) from the free throw line. The Racine, Wis., native also added 4.5 assists per contest.
Over the past four seasons, Lisa Bluder and the Hawkeyes have compiled an impressive 29-7 mark in the month of February.
Iowa is 5-0 this season during February and went 5-2 last season.
The Hawkeyes collected a 6-2 mark during the 2009-10 season, 8-1 in 2008-09 and 5-2 in 2007-08.
Iowa closed the 2010-11 season with five-straight wins and won six of its final seven in 2009-10. The Hawkeyes won six straight to end the 2008-09 season and 11 of their last 13 in 2007-08.
Iowa has recorded some impressive figures over the current six-game winning streak.
As a team, Iowa is shooting 43 percent from the field (159-of-370).
Iowa is averaging 16 assists per game and holds a +6.5 rebounding margin.
Morgan Johnson is averaging 18 points and eight rebounds and is shooting 57.3 percent from the field (43-of-75).
Kamille Wahlin is averaging 16.2 points and shooting 36.2 percent from 3-point range (17-of-47).
Samantha Logic is scoring 12.5 points per game, grabbing 10.5 rebounds and is dishing out 4.8 assists per contest.
Iowa's game at Michigan (Feb. 16) marked the eighth time in Kamille Wahlin's four-year career that she hit a shot in the final 1:05 of a game or overtime to either tie the game, give the Hawkeyes a lead or make the contest a two-possession game.
Year - Opponent - Time Remaining - Type of Shot - Result
Sr. - Michigan - 46 seconds - 3-pointer - 1 pt. lead
Sr. - Illinois - 10 seconds - 3-pointer - Tied game
Sr. - UNI - 31 seconds - 3-pointer - 2 pt. lead
Jr. - Michigan St. - 10 seconds - 3-pointer - Tied game
Jr. - Drake - 50 seconds - 2-pointer - 2 pt. lead
So. - Michigan St. - 1:04 - 3-pointer - 3 pt. lead
So. - Wisconsin - 35 seconds in OT - 3-pointer - 5 pt. lead
So. - Columbia - 16 seconds - 3-pointer - 3 pt. lead
Freshman Samantha Logic has contributed in numerous areas during her first season at Iowa.
Logic has grabbed at least five rebounds in 20 games, including 15 games with at least three offensive rebounds.
She has dished out at least four assists in 15 games.
Logic has scored 10 or more points 10 times.
Senior Kamille Wahlin has become Iowa's main scoring option over the last eight games.
Dating back to Iowa's win vs. Wisconsin on Jan. 19, Wahlin is averaging 16 points, shooting 43.9 percent from the field (50-of-114) and 36.4 percent from 3-point distance (24-of-66). She has also converted 20-of-23 free throws (87 percent).
Wahlin has also created shots for her teammates with four assists per contest.
Iowa is the only team to have three players ranked inside the top 15 in assists in the latest Big Ten statistics.
Jaime Printy (sixth - 4.2), Samantha Logic (eighth - 3.9) and Kamille Wahlin (ninth - 3.8) are all ranked.
Iowa is second in the Big Ten and ranks 22nd in the NCAA in assists per game (16.2) and is third in the Big Ten and 27th in the NCAA in assist/turnover ratio (1.0).
The Hawkeyes could potentially break the school record for team assists in a season. The record of 468 assists was set in 2003 and 2010. Iowa currently has 427 assists.
Iowa is shooting 80.3 percent (404-of-503) from the free throw line, which leads the Big Ten and ranks second in the NCAA. Delware is first at 81.4 percent.
The school and Big Ten record for team single-season free throw percentage is 79.2 percent, set during the 2008-09 season. Iowa is on pace to break those records.
The Hawkeyes haven't missed more than 10 free throws in any game this year and have attempted at least 10 in all but one contest, including 11 games with 20 or more attempts.
Junior Morgan Johnson became the 32nd player in school history to score 1,000 career points, hitting the milestone against Minnesota (Feb. 9).
Johnson entered the game needing 19 points to join the elite club and finished with 23. She is the third active Hawkeye to score 1,000 career points (Wahlin and Printy).
Iowa leads the Big Ten in free throw percentage (.777), assists per game (15.9) and field goal defense (.363).
Morgan Johnson is second in the Big Ten in field goal percentage (.574) and blocks per game (2.1).
Iowa's game at Michigan (Feb. 16) marked the 18th time this season that at least three players have scored 10 or more points.
The Hawkeyes had all five starters score double figures against Mississippi Valley State and vs. Michigan State. Four players hit double figures against Northern Iowa, Kansas State, Western Illinois, Northwestern and at Indiana. Three players reached double digits against Harvard, Albany, Ohio State, Illinois, Nebraska, at Purdue, vs. Wisconsin, at Nebraska, at Wisconsin, vs. Minnesota and at Michigan.
Four Hawkeyes are currently working their way up the career records lists at Iowa.
Kamille Wahlin ranks third in career 3-pointers made (220), fourth in career assists (410) and 10th in career scoring (1,418). She needs two more 3-pointers to move past Wendy Ausdemore into second place, three more assists to move past Kristi Smith for third place and 22 more points to past Megan Skouby for ninth place.
Morgan Johnson ranks second in career blocks (215), 15th in career rebounds (610) and 31st in career scoring (1,033). She needs 21 more blocks to move past Tangela Smith for first place, five more rebounds to move past Lynn Kennedy for 14th place and 14 more points to pass Robin Anderson for 30th place.
Jaime Printy ranks fourth in career 3-pointers made (197), 10th in career scoring (1,409) and 12th in career assists (304). She needs 21 more 3-pointers to move past Wahlin for third place, 11 more points to move past Wahlin for 10th place and 19 more assists to move past Lisa Anderson for 11th place.
Kelly Krei ranks seventh in career 3-pointers made (154) and 17th in career rebounds (545). She needs three more 3-pointers to move past Leah Magner into sixth place and 20 more rebounds to pass Necole Tunsil for 16th place.
Morgan Johnson now holds the Iowa record for blocks by a junior with 58. The previous record was 47 by Toni Foster during the 1991-92 season.
Samantha Logic broke the Iowa record for assists by a freshman with 103. The previous record was 99 held by Jaime Printy. She is also second in steals with 40 and Johanna Solverson holds the record with 57.


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Beginning in the 1950s when republicans were once again pushing for rights and equality for blacks, it began to become clearer and clearer that the way of equality was almost certainly going to win over the major portion of the American people. Lyndon Baines Johnson, who became president in the early 1960s, knew he had to change strategy. He had fought the Civil Rights movement of the Republicans in the 1950s. His new strategy as noted in Ronald Kessler, Inside the Whitehouse, pp. 33-34; was to be, "I will have those n*****s voting democrat for the next 200 years. He did this by using an evil concept found in the Bible. That anyone making a decision can be caused to make decisions according to what they receive as gifts. So no gifts were allowed to Judges. It is the voters who judge who should be elected. What LBJ did was to offer an obscured deal to blacks. Vote for us, thus giving us power and wealth and we will rid the south particularly and also the north of vestiges of discrimination.
Now despite the fact that many Republicans black and white had labored and died for what was being offered with out direct pay for it; the truth was Democrats had been the main obstacle to real freedom for the last 150 years. They came up with the KKK, they came up with black laws, and they came up with Jim Crow. A deal with Democrats could do almost immediately what in all those years, no Amendments or civil rights acts could; remove the opposition to what blacks wanted. So a partnership was made and cemented over time. Blacks vote for democrats and democrats promise them stuff. Unfortunately that system has all but destroyed the black family. Yet it works perfectly as LBJ said it would, for now more than 50 years, with about 150 more to go.
To facilitate this, racism must not be allowed to die. First people have been educated into a lie; that the Republican platform changed from one of freedom to oppression. No such thing has actually taken place. They say democrats and republicans switched places. No such thing has actually taken place. Next time some one tells you the parties switched ideologies, ask them to name the ones that were known racists and became republicans. They cannot. Only two people who became dixiecrats became republicans. The rest went back to being what they always were democrats. Then people were told that Blacks cannot be racists. They say that you can think, feel, say or do whatever towards whites and if you are black you cannot be racist. If they really believed this they would not call young conservative blacks, Uncle Toms. All this was and is a perfect set up to grow and nurture racism among blacks, while the ones that had used them over 150 years can continue to do so in a new way gaining and keeping power. It works.
A lot of blacks that I know buy into this. They actually believe they are loved by Democrats and hated by Republicans, now days. This is a truism that few can bring themselves to admit. If you call white men as a whole racists, if you call tea party whites and blacks racist and literally have no proof, the person accusing is the racist. The gifts of food stamps, housing (which democrat masters also gave them during slavery) has blinded their eyes to judgment, just as God warned.
Now there are groups of whites and blacks that say come off that plantation. You can do it. You do not have to take crumbs. You don't have to be used. You don't have to be afraid because there is better ways to life, liberty and the pursuit of happiness; they are the very ones that are disparaged. This explains a lot of today's racism coming from backs, which is what this article is about, a somewhat programmed racism. Racism totally different from the one I saw and mentioned in the early part of this article. That racism, though misguided and applied to all whites, was borne of some facts and personal experience. This racism coming from many blacks today is based upon the desire to put others down to get what they want politically. That is a lot of what constituted the racism of past ages. It is more than a little ironic that people, no matter the race, as a whole never change. Their manner amounts to an attitude of, "I will get mine by any means necessary." So we see the lies, distortions and miss-characterizations put on conservative Christians are but another version of what racism has done in the past. Let's overcome it with truth.


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Riot Fest exploded with a bang, and the fast action, hard hitting, rock festival tore it up in the Mile High City. On the grounds of Sports Authority Stadium at Mile High, home of the Denver Broncos, the festival kicked off its first night with its best lineup of the weekend. Taking public transportation was the way to go because there were a lot of people to add to the regular Friday traffic in the city.
"Buy a flower crown, they're tacky!"
As soon as I heard the guy selling flower crowns charmingly belittling his own product, I knew I was exactly where I was supposed to be. Despite the cool fog that hung over the weekend, taking in the towering eucalyptus trees that encase Golden Gate Park, I felt warm. Back at Outside Lands for my third year, it almost instantly felt like I was home again.
Another year and another successful Bonnaroo adventure can be checked off the list. It seems like it was just yesterday that I was rocking out to Sir Paul with my parental units at Bonnaroo 2013. Where does the time go? With each year I attend this festival, one thing does remain constant, change. I was in attendance the first few years when
When the threat of 50 MPH winds and impending heavy rain don't get you down - you know you're in the right place. And for a lot of people, that place was Wakarusa on Friday. Luckily, the 50 MPH winds passed us by, but our day did start off with a pretty heavy amount of rain. We're used to that by now, though.
When the sun peeks over the hillside, and you hear music wafting through the air coupled with the lilt of a family of birds you'll know you're in the right place. There will likely be a few groups of people stumbling by, chatting and laughing. Your tent will become a sauna as the sunshine fills the clear sky. You'll crack open your first beer of the day, sip your breakfast wine or wander along the few paved paths to find some food.
The String Cheese Incident celebrated its 20th anniversary as a Boulder band during a three-day New Year's Eve run at the 1st Bank Center. Out of all the big name jambands that got their start in the '80s and '90s, I can say with certitude that SCI has evolved the most from its incipient incarnation. On its first night, it opened with a Sgt.
BottleRock held its inaugural festival last weekend at Napa Valley's Expo Fairgrounds under a scorching sun, but the heat wasn't enough to keep the crowds away. Downtown Napa Valley became BottleRock Central, swarming with crossing guard-policemen and retailers pushing their goods, and in many cases, their parking lots. Nearby neighbors set up pizza and lemonade stands and signs dissuading BottleRockers from urinating on their lawns.
This year seems to have introduced more new music festivals than ever. In a sea of established fests and emerging talent, it's hard to stand out from the crowd. BottleRock Napa, however, seems to have it all figured out.
Blackwater Music Festival at the Spirit of the Suwannee Music Park, Live Oak, Florida, September 22- 24 was the lovechild of hippy fest and rave. The perfectly loud flower child remix.
Blackwater Music Festival 2011 will rock the Spirit of the Suwannee Music Park in Florida from September 22- 24. Alongside the lazy flowing "blackwater" Suwannee River, the festival has a unique combination of an awesome lineup with great camping. The festival grounds are shaded with ancient moss draped live oak trees and are speckled with picturesque ponds.
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so i'm trying to make a shared folder for other users, inside that folder i want a personal folder for every user.
I have given full control to everyone on the network, so i can do anything i want, i tried to remove the "Delete" permission but than i couldn't create a folder with a new, which would mean all my folders are called "New Folder".
Is there a way to fix this? Or will i have to trust that my users doesn't delete everything.


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'Glee,' Season 3, Epsiode 18, 'Choke': TV Recap
Gulp. Dreams were dashed tonight in "Choke" for some of the characters who thought life couldn't get any better.
For Coach Beiste, the knowledge that she is in an unhealthy, abusive relationship doesn't prevent her from giving her husband a second chance. She's trapped in a cycle of domestic violence.
For Puck, the dead-end of his miscreant ways looms closer as he prepares and fails his final exams. No graduation means permanent residency in Lima Loserville.
And for Rachel, poor girl, her dream of a straight-shot toward stardom vanishes into thin air, as memorized words fail her in her go-to standard. Mr. Ornstein can't rescue her now. Dean Carmen Thibodeaux, guest star Whoopi Goldberg, rains on her parade, not giving her a third chance.
She and Kurt take pains to present their best foot forward for the NYADA auditions, in front of the performing art school's dean. Kurt practices what he thought would be a shoo-in: Phantom of the Opera's "Music of the Night." The sub-par session wouldn't have bode well; it was lame. But his risky, 11th hour move to replace his audition piece with the outre glitz-and-glam bonanza "Not the Boy Next Door" from the musical "The Boy from Oz" wins him plaudits. Hugh Jackman couldn't have shaken it better; Kurt must have borrowed those gold-lame glitter pants because he shimmied, kicked, pulsated, twisted and turned his way to admission. The dean had nothing but praise. She was "impressed" by his "bold choice," and so were we.
Such risk taking was non-existent in Rachel's audition, which was curtailed by her own mistake. She forgot the words. "Oh god, this isn't happening," she whispers. But it is. She doesn't cry. Instead she sings Kelly Clarkson's "Cry," an anguish-ridden broadcast to all the world that she messed up. She self-sabotaged.
Speaking of sabotage, Puck gets a lesson that hotness only goes so far. He tries to wiggle his way to graduation by seducing the teach, even performing a bad-to-the-bone version of Alice Cooper's "School's Out." But the flaming guitar doesn't help him. He goes down in flames at the end, even with the help of his best buds, who in one crazy late-night study session tries to cram a frenetic acid trip of "The Rain in Spain" from My Fair Lady. It was cute, until you realize they aren't on anything.
Both the most emotional and cringe-worthy storyline resided on what we should call the Three Coaches Curse. Coach Sue, Coach Roz and Coach Beiste try to hammer to the girls the issue that hitting a woman in a relationship isn't all right, as we witness a bruise-faced Sue try to lie about what happened to her. The girls perform an impressive Broadway routine of "Cell Block Tango" from the musical "Chicago." While not a fresh take, it was incredibly well done, with all the sassiness a brassiere and pantyhose can handle. The coaches were not having it. They didn't want the girls to commit revenge on their guys; rather, they want them to leave. Another try from the girls got us a brilliant and breathless performance of Florence and the Machine's "Shake It Out," which was performed almost sans acoustics. They now understood. Now, if only Coach Beiste can muster the courage to leave her man.
What did you think of tonight's performances?


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City Lights Books firstname.lastname@example.com 20160701T0611Z eng COM.ONIXSUITE.9780872865150 03 01 City Lights Books 03 9780872865150 15 9780872865150 00 BB 08 1361 gr 08 48 oz 01 01 Everything Is Its Own Reward An All Over Coffee Collection 1 A01 01 Onixsuite Contributor ID 6481 Paul Madonna Madonna, Paul Paul Madonna
Paul Madonna produces two weekly strips, "All Over Coffee" in the San Francisco Chronicle and on SFGate.com, and "Small Potatoes" on TheRumpus.net, where he is also Comics Editor. Paul regularly travels internationally to draw and his work is shown in museums, galleries, restaurants and cafes. His drawings are published in various book collections and publications, including his international newspaper coverage of the U.S. 2009 Presidential Inauguration, as well as in The Believer Magazine. In 2007 the first collection of All Over Coffee was published by City Lights Books to great acclaim. In 1994 Paul received a BFA from Carnegie Mellon University, and that same year he was the first (ever!) Art Intern at MAD Magazine, for which he proudly received no money. Paul currently lives with his wife in San Francisco.
 06 www.paulmadonna.com http://www.paulmadonna.com 01 eng 02 eng 00 240 03 20 comics; Paul Madonna; San Francisco 03 00
Starting in his hometown of San Francisco and traveling to cities such as Paris, Rome, Buenos Aires and Tokyo, Paul Madonna offers his second body of drawings and writings. This stunning new collection, a testament to the artist and storyteller's careful observation of both the external and internal worlds, outdoes the masterful performance of his first book, All Over Coffee, offering an even richer catalogue of pen-and-ink cityscapes, short stories, conversations and thoughts. Entertaining and moving, gorgeous to look at, Madonna's work remains unique and unclassifiable. This full-color, hardbound edition comes complete with a removable poster.

"The book is fantastic.
 Of time and tenderness.
 Beautiful drawings. Beautiful text.
 Ethereal and serious at once.
 The book is its own reward."
 -- Maira Kalman, author of And the Pursuit of Happiness among many other titles

"In Everything is its Own Reward, Paul Madonna has not only pressed graphic fiction way beyond its present boundaries, he has created a new and stunning art form where the stand-alone brilliant visuals and the hauntingly human words synthesize into a pure and irreducible aesthetic vision. This book taught me something fundamental and true and beautiful about the ineffable thereness and thingness of life. Everything is its Own Reward is a work of genius." -- Robert Olen Butler, author of A Good Scent from a Strange Mountain among other books

 02 00 "The book is fantastic. Of time and tenderness. Beautiful drawings. Beautiful text. Ethereal and serious at once. The book is its own reward." -- Maira Kalman, author of "And the Pursuit of Happiness" 06 00
 "It's not the spirit of any particular place that Madonna captures so well but rather a quality of life, a state of mind, predicated on the luxury of having an existence in which the only dramas to speak of are personal."
 Art Practical 06 00
"mesmerizing . . . When his international images are paired with his sparse, poetic words—sometimes thought-provoking one-liners such as 'You don't get anywhere without searching' and sometimes long, meandering sections of dialogue and story—the effect is haunting."
 Oprah.com 06 00
"Madonna gets an extra chills-up-the-spine boost from his illustrations of semi-familiar San Francisco architecture and intersections, lucid as etchings of bleached Kodachrome shots."
 San Francisco Bay Guardian 06 00
"You don't have to have lived in or loved San Francisco to fall under the spell of Madonna's mysterious and largely unpeopled cityscapes. San Francisco isn't the only place he draws with the miraculously exquisite attention on display here (Paris, Rome and Buenos Ares also appear) but something about the fog off the bay makes it particularly well suited to his dreamy and surprisingly emotional pen-and-ink images. Madonna eschews well-known and much-photographed places in favor of the spaces between old Victorians, neglected corners, intersections that seem to cant dangerously into space, vistas of rooftops bristling with pipes and ganglia-like clusters of power lines, all paired with short enigmatic stories and reflections on art, memory and love. This book is the second collection of All Over Coffee, a 'strip' Madonna draws for the Sunday arts section of the San Francisco Chronicle. There's also a free app, too, if you'd like to see a sample, but only paper can do justice to the eerie radiance of Madonna's artwork, and the cumulative effect of its 176 pages is ravishing." -- Laura Miller
 Salon 06 00
"Paul Madonna is a San Francisco-based cartoonist who has spent the last few years crafting – and crafting is the word – a comic strip that offers snapshots of the city he lives in. It's a city of big skies, telephone lines, clapboard buildings, street lights, advertising signs, TV aerials, storm drains and long shadows as recorded in pen and ink wash. It is the equivalent of a late afternoon in a favourite city, the hum of the day dying away before the buzz of the night begins.

Madonna's book reminds us that the reason so many of us love cities is because they give us permission to be voyeurs, to observe others, to see other lives on display in front of us in the coffee shop, the supermarket, the traffic jam, the commuter train, the neon-lit street. They are full of stories."
 Metropolis Now 06 00
"Paul Madonna is a pen master. His work is difficult to categorize but that he was MAD magazine's first art intern may help explain his ability to capture human experience in its odd fullness. In his All Over Coffee comic strip, published in the San Francisco Chronicle since 2004, Madonna's evocative pen-and-ink drawings of cityscapes are accompanied by handwritten bits of overheard conversations, mini-stories, and zen-ish musings like: 'It takes perpetual work to keep life simple.' The new anthology Everything Is Its Own Reward: An All Over Coffee Collection (City Lights) is a treasure chest that comes with a pullout poster inside."
 Boston Globe 06 00
"In this exquisite second collection from his long-running weekly San Francisco Chronicle series All Over Coffee, Madonna captures snapshots in time as he explores the relationship between image and text . . . With pieces depicting San Francisco, New York, Barcelona, and Tokyo, Madonna's work is something to savor."

 Publishers Weekly 01 00 Art Practical http://www.artpractical.com/feature/everything_is_its_own_reward/ 01 00 Oprah.com http://www.oprah.com/book/Everything-Is-Its-Own-Reward?editors_pick_id=34848#ixzz1gMdfJ500 01 00 Salon http://www.salon.com/books/what_to_read/index.html?story=/books/laura_miller/2011/09/25/graphic_novels 01 00 Metropolis Now http://www.heraldscotland.com/mobile/arts-ents/non-fiction-reviews/metropolis-now-1.1108496 01 00 Boston Globe http://www.boston.com/ae/books/articles/2011/05/08/drawings_to_go_with_your_coffee/ 01 00 Publishers Weekly http://www.publishersweekly.com/978-0-87286-515-0 15 00 04 02 Cover and First Nine Drawings from Everything is its Own Reward 02 01 E107 07 2695406 http://www.citylights.com/resources/titles/87286100884330/extras/PaulMadonna.pdf 04 00 03 06 6481 Onixsuite Contributor ID 02 01 D501 http://www.citylights.com/resources/persons/6481.gif City Lights Publishers 01 City Lights Publishers 04 01 20110501 11 20110501 02 01 GCOI 87286100884330 WORLD 00 03 07 631-760X Consortium Book Sales & Distribution 612/746-2600 612/746-2606 firstname.lastname@example.com 33 www.cbsd.com http://www.cbsd.com 20 01 30.00 USD