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Urea – Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia.
|CAS number
|RTECS number
|ATC code
|Jmol-3D images
|Image 1
|Molecular formula
|Molar mass
|60.06 g mol−1
|White solid
|1.32 g/cm3
|Melting point
|Solubility in water
|107.9 g/100 ml (20 °C)
167 g/100ml (40 °C)
251 g/100 ml (60 °C)
400 g/100 ml (80 °C)
|50g/L ethanol, 500g/L glycerol[1]
|Basicity (pKb)
|pKBH+ = 0.18[2]
|Dipole moment
|JT Baker
|EU Index
|Not listed
|Flash point
|8500 mg/kg (oral, rat)
|Related compounds
|Related ureas
|Related compounds
|Carbamide peroxide
Urea phosphate
| (verify) (what is: /?)
Except where noted otherwise, data are given for materials in their standard state (at 25 °C, 100 kPa)
|Infobox references
Urea or carbamide is an organic compound with the chemical formulaCO(NH2)2. The molecule has two —NH2groups joined by a carbonyl (C=O)functional group.
Urea serves an important role in themetabolism of nitrogen-containing compounds by animals and is the main nitrogen-containing substance in the urineof mammals. It is solid, colourless, and odorless (although the ammonia that it gives off in the presence of water, including water vapor in the air, has a strong odor). It is highly soluble in water and practically non-toxic (LD50 is 15 g/kg for rat). Dissolved in water, it is neitheracidic nor alkaline. The body uses it in many processes, the most notable one being nitrogen excretion. Urea is widely used in fertilizers as a convenient source of nitrogen. Urea is also an important raw material for the chemical industry. The synthesis of this organic compound byFriedrich Wöhler in 1828 from an inorganic precursor was an important milestone in the development of organic chemistry, as it showed for the first time that a molecule found in living organisms could be synthesized in the lab without biological starting materials (thus contradicting a theory widely prevalent at one time, calledvitalism).
[edit]Related chemicals
The terms urea and carbamide are also used for a class of chemical compoundssharing the same functional group RR'N—CO—NRR', namely a carbonyl group attached to two organic amine residues. Examples include carbamide peroxide,allantoin, and hydantoin. Ureas are closely related to biurets and related in structure toamides, carbamates, carbodiimides, and thiocarbamides.
Urea was first discovered in urine in 1727 by the Dutch scientist Herman Boerhaave, though this discovery is often attributed to the French chemist Hilaire Rouelle.[3] In 1828, the German chemist Friedrich Wöhler obtained urea by treating silver isocyanatewith ammonium chloride.[4][5]
- AgNCO + NH4Cl → (NH2)2CO + AgCl
This was the first time an organic compound was artificially synthesized from inorganic starting materials, without the involvement of living organisms. The results of this experiment implicitly discredited vitalism: the theory that the chemicals of living organisms are fundamentally different from inanimate matter. This insight was important for the development of organic chemistry. His discovery prompted Wöhler to write triumphantly to Berzelius: "I must tell you that I can make urea without the use of kidneys, either man or dog. Ammonium cyanate is urea." For this discovery, Wöhler is considered by many[who?] the father of organic chemistry.
Urea is synthesized in the body of many organisms as part of the urea cycle, either from the oxidation of amino acids or from ammonia. In this cycle, amino groups donated by ammonia and L-aspartate are converted to urea, while L-ornithine, citrulline, L-argininosuccinate, and L-arginine act as intermediates. Urea production occurs in theliver and is regulated by N-acetylglutamate. Urea is found dissolved in blood (in thereference range of 2.5 to 6.7 mmol/liter) and is excreted by the kidney as a component of urine. In addition, a small amount of urea is excreted (along with sodium chloride and water) in sweat.
Amino acids from ingested food that are not used for the synthesis of proteins and other biological substances are oxidized by the body, yielding urea and carbon dioxide, as an alternative source of energy.[6] The oxidation pathway starts with the removal of the amino group by a transaminase, the amino group is then fed into the urea cycle.
Ammonia (NH3) is another common byproduct of the metabolism of nitrogenous compounds. Ammonia is smaller, more volatile and more mobile than urea. If allowed to accumulate, ammonia would raise the pH in cells to toxic levels. Therefore many organisms convert ammonia to urea, even though this synthesis has a net energy cost. Being practically neutral and highly soluble in water, urea is a safe vehicle for the body to transport and excrete excess nitrogen.
In water, the amine groups undergo slow displacement by water molecules, producing ammonia and carbonate anion. For this reason, old, stale urine has a stronger odor than fresh urine.
[edit]In humans
The handling of urea by the kidneys is a vital part of human metabolism. Besides its role as carrier of waste nitrogen, urea also plays a role in the countercurrent exchange system of the nephrons, that allows for re-absorption of water and critical ions from the excreted urine. Urea is reabsorbed in the inner medullary collecting ducts of the nephrons,[7] thus raising the osmolarity in the medullary interstitium surrounding the thin ascending limb of the loop of Henle, which in turn causes water to be reabsorbed. By action of the urea transporter 2, some of this reabsorbed urea will eventually flow back into the thin ascending limb of the tubule, through the collecting ducts, and into the excreted urine.
This mechanism, which is controlled by the antidiuretic hormone, allows the body to create hyperosmotic urine, that has a higher concentration of dissolved substances than the blood plasma. This mechanism is important to prevent the loss of water, to maintainblood pressure, and to maintain a suitable concentration of sodium ions in the blood plasmas.
The equivalent nitrogen content (in gram) of urea (in mmol) can be estimated by the conversion factor 0.028 g/mmol.[8] Furthermore, 1 gram of nitrogen is roughly equivalent to 6.25 grams of protein, and 1 gram of protein is roughly equivalent to 5 grams of muscle tissue. In situations such as muscle wasting, 1 mmol of excessive urea in the urine (as measured by urine volume in litres multiplied by urea concentration in mmol/l) roughly corresponds to a muscle loss of 0.67 gram.
[edit]In other species
In aquatic organisms the most common form of nitrogen waste is ammonia, whereas land-dwelling organisms convert the toxic ammonia to either urea or uric acid. Urea is found in the urine of mammals and amphibians, as well as some fish. Birds and saurianreptiles have a different form of nitrogen metabolism, that requires less water and leads to nitrogen excretion in the form of uric acid. It is noteworthy that tadpoles excrete ammonia but shift to urea production during metamorphosis. Despite the generalization above, the urea pathway has been documented not only in mammals and amphibians but in many other organisms as well, including birds, invertebrates, insects, plants,yeast, fungi, and even microorganisms.[citation needed]
More than 90% of world production of urea is destined for use as a nitrogen-release fertilizer. Urea has the highest nitrogen content of all solid nitrogenous fertilizers in common use. Therefore, it has the lowest transportation costs per unit of nitrogennutrient. The standard crop-nutrient rating of urea is 46-0-0.[9]
Many soil bacteria possess the enzyme urease, which catalyzes the conversion of the urea molecule to two ammonia molecules and one carbon dioxide molecule, thus urea fertilizers are very rapidly transformed to the ammonium form in soils. Among soil bacteria known to carry urease, some ammonia-oxidizing bacteria (AOB), such as species of Nitrosomonas, are also able to assimilate the carbon dioxide released by the reaction to make biomass via the Calvin Cycle, and harvest energy by oxidizing ammonia (the other product of urease) to nitrite, a process termed nitrification.[10] Nitrite-oxidizing bacteria, especially Nitrobacter, oxidize nitrite to nitrate, which is extremely mobile in soils and is a major cause of water pollution from agriculture. Ammonia and nitrate are readily absorbed by plants, and are the dominant sources of nitrogen for plant growth. Urea is also used in many multi-component solid fertilizer formulations. Urea is highly soluble in water and is, therefore, also very suitable for use in fertilizer solutions (in combination with ammonium nitrate: UAN), e.g., in 'foliar feed' fertilizers. For fertilizer use, granules are preferred over prills because of their narrower particle size distribution, which is an advantage for mechanical application.
The most common impurity of synthetic urea is biuret, which impairs plant growth.
Urea is usually spread at rates of between 40 and 300 kg/ha but rates vary. Smaller applications incur lower losses due to leaching. During summer, urea is often spread just before or during rain to minimize losses from volatilization (process wherein nitrogen is lost to the atmosphere as ammonia gas). Urea is not compatible with other fertilizers.
Because of the high nitrogen concentration in urea, it is very important to achieve an even spread. The application equipment must be correctly calibrated and properly used. Drilling must not occur on contact with or close to seed, due to the risk of germination damage. Urea dissolves in water for application as a spray or through irrigation systems.
In grain and cotton crops, urea is often applied at the time of the last cultivation before planting. In high rainfall areas and on sandy soils (where nitrogen can be lost through leaching) and where good in-season rainfall is expected, urea can be side- or top-dressed during the growing season. Top-dressing is also popular on pasture and forage crops. In cultivating sugarcane, urea is side-dressed after planting, and applied to eachratoon crop.
In irrigated crops, urea can be applied dry to the soil, or dissolved and applied through the irrigation water. Urea will dissolve in its own weight in water, but it becomes increasingly difficult to dissolve as the concentration increases. Dissolving urea in water is endothermic, causing the temperature of the solution to fall when urea dissolves.
As a practical guide, when preparing urea solutions for fertigation (injection into irrigation lines), dissolve no more than 30 kg urea per 100 L water.
In foliar sprays, urea concentrations of 0.5% – 2.0% are often used in horticultural crops. Low-biuret grades of urea are often indicated.
Urea absorbs moisture from the atmosphere and therefore is typically stored either in closed/sealed bags on pallets or, if stored in bulk, under cover with a tarpaulin. As with most solid fertilizers, storage in a cool, dry, well-ventilated area is recommended.
[edit]Chemical industry
Urea is a raw material for the manufacture of many important chemical compounds, such as
- Various plastics, especially the urea-formaldehyde resins.
- Various adhesives, such as urea-formaldehyde or the urea-melamine-formaldehydeused in marine plywood.
- Potassium cyanate, another industrial feedstock.
Urea can be used to make urea nitrate, a high explosive that is used industrially and as part of some improvised explosive devices.
[edit]Automobile systems
Urea is used in SNCR and SCR reactions to reduce the NOx pollutants in exhaust gases from combustion from diesel, dual fuel, and lean-burn natural gas engines. TheBlueTec system, for example, injects water-based urea solution into the exhaust system. The ammonia produced by the hydrolysis of the urea reacts with the nitrogen oxide emissions and is converted into nitrogen and water within the catalytic converter.
[edit]Other commercial uses
- A stabilizer in nitrocellulose explosives
- A component of animal feed, providing a relatively cheap source of nitrogen to promote growth
- A non-corroding alternative to rock salt for road de-icing, and the resurfacing ofsnowboarding halfpipes and terrain parks
- A flavor-enhancing additive for cigarettes
- A main ingredient in hair removers such as Nair and Veet
- A browning agent in factory-produced pretzels
- An ingredient in some skin cream,[11] moisturizers, hair conditioners
- A reactant in some ready-to-use cold compresses for first-aid use, due to theendothermic reaction it creates when mixed with water
- A cloud seeding agent, along with other salts
- A flame-proofing agent, commonly used in dry chemical fire extinguisher charges such as the urea-potassium bicarbonate mixture
- An ingredient in many tooth whitening products
- An ingredient in dish soap
- Along with ammonium phosphate, as a yeast nutrient, for fermentation of sugars intoethanol
- A nutrient used by plankton in ocean nourishment experiments for geoengineeringpurposes
- As an additive to extend the working temperature and open time of hide glue
- As a solubility-enhancing and moisture-retaining additive to dye baths for textile dyeing or printing
[edit]Laboratory uses
Urea in concentrations up to 10 M is a powerful protein denaturant as it disrupts the noncovalent bonds in the proteins. This property can be exploited to increase the solubility of some proteins. A mixture of urea and choline chloride is used as a deep eutectic solvent, a type of ionic liquid.
Urea can in principle serve as a hydrogen source for subsequent power generation infuel cells. Urea present in urine/wastewater can be used directly (though bacteria normally quickly degrade urea.) Producing hydrogen by electrolysis of urea solution occurs at a lower voltage (0.37V) and thus consumes less energy than the electrolysis of water (1.2V).[12]
Urea in concentrations up to 8 M can be used to make fixed brain tissue transparent to visible light while still preserving florescent signals from labeled cells. This allows for much deeper imaging of neuronal processes then previously obtainable using conventional one photon or two photon confocal microscopes.[13]
[edit]Medical use
Urea-containing creams are used as topical dermatological products to promoterehydration of the skin. Urea 40% is indicated for psoriasis, xerosis, onychomycosis,ichthyosis, eczema, keratosis, keratoderma, corns, and calluses. If covered by anocclusive dressing, 40% urea preparations may also be used for nonsurgicaldebridement of nails. Urea 40% "dissolves the intercellular matrix"[14] of the nail plate. Only diseased or dystrophic nails are removed, as there is no effect on healthy portions of the nail. This drug is also used as an earwax removal aid. Urea can also be used as a Diuretic.
Certain types of instant cold packs (or ice packs) contain water and separated urea crystals. Rupturing the internal water bag starts an endothermic reaction and allows the pack to be used to reduce swelling.
Like saline, urea injection is used to perform abortions.
Urea is the main component of an alternative medicinal treatment referred to as urine therapy.
The blood urea nitrogen (BUN) test is a measure of the amount of nitrogen in the blood that comes from urea. It is used as a marker of renal function.
Urea labeled with carbon-14 or carbon-13 is used in the urea breath test, which is used to detect the presence of the bacteria Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) in the stomach andduodenum of humans, associated with peptic ulcers. The test detects the characteristic enzyme urease, produced by H. pylori, by a reaction that produces ammonia from urea. This increases the pH (reduces acidity) of the stomach environment around the bacteria. Similar bacteria species to H. pylori can be identified by the same test in animals such as apes, dogs, and cats (including big cats).
Urea is readily quantified by a number of different methods, such as the diacetyl monoxime colorimetric method, and the Berthelot reaction (after initial conversion of urea to ammonia via urease). These methods are amenable to high throughput instrumentation, such as automated flow injection analyzers[15] and 96-well micro-plate spectrophotometers.[16]
Urea is produced on a scale of some 100,000,000 tons per year worldwide.[17]
[edit]Industrial methods
For use in industry, urea is produced from synthetic ammonia and carbon dioxide. Large quantities of carbon dioxide are produced during the manufacture of ammonia from coal or from hydrocarbons such as natural gas and petroleum-derived raw materials. Such point sources of CO2 facilitate direct synthesis of urea.
The basic process, developed in 1922, is also called the Bosch-Meiser urea process after its discoverers. The various urea processes are characterized by the conditions under which urea formation takes place and the way in which unconverted reactants are further processed. The process consists of two main equilibrium reactions, with incomplete conversion of the reactants. The first is an exothermic reaction of liquid ammonia with dry ice to form ammonium carbamate (H2N-COONH4):[18]
The second is an endothermic decomposition of ammonium carbamate into urea and water:
Both reactions combined are exothermic.[17]
Unconverted reactants can be used for the manufacture of other products, for exampleammonium nitrate or sulfate, or they can be recycled for complete conversion to urea in a total-recycle process.
Urea can be produced as prills, granules, pellets, crystals, and solutions. Solid urea is marketed as prills or granules. The advantage of prills is that, in general, they can be produced more cheaply than granules. Properties such as impact strength, crushing strength, and free-flowing behaviour are, in particular, important in product handling, storage, and bulk transportation. Typical impurities in the production are biuret and isocyanic acid:
The biuret content is a serious concern because it is often toxic to the very plants that are to be fertilized. Urea is classified on the basis of its biuret content.
[edit]Laboratory preparation
Ureas in the more general sense can be accessed in the laboratory by reaction ofphosgene with primary or secondary amines, proceeding through an isocyanateintermediate. Non-symmetric ureas can be accessed by reaction of primary or secondary amines with an isocyanate.
Also, urea is produced when phosgene reacts with ammonia:
- COCl2 + 4 NH3 → (NH2)2CO + 2 NH4Cl
[edit]Historical process
Urea was first noticed by Hermann Boerhaave in the early 18th century from evaporates of urine. In 1773, Hilaire Rouelle obtained crystals containing urea from dog's urine by evaporating it and treating it with alcohol in successive filtrations. This method was aided by Carl Wilhelm Scheele's discovery that urine treated by concentrated nitric acid precipitated crystals. Antoine François, comte de Fourcroy and Louis Nicolas Vauquelindiscovered in 1799 that the nitrated crystals were identical to Rouelle's substance and invented the term "urea." Berzelius made further improvements to its purification and finally William Prout, in 1817, succeeded in obtaining and determining the chemical composition of the pure substance. In the evolved procedure, urea was precipitated as urea nitrate by adding strong nitric acid to urine. To purify the resulting crystals, they were dissolved in boiling water with charcoal and filtered. After cooling, pure crystals of urea nitrate form. To reconstitute the urea from the nitrate, the crystals are dissolved in warm water, and barium carbonate added. The water is then evaporated and anhydrous alcohol added to extract the urea. This solution is drained off and allowed to evaporate resulting in pure urea.
[edit]Chemical properties
[edit]Molecular and crystal structure
The urea molecule is planar in the crystal structure, but the geometry around the nitrogens is pyramidal in the gas-phase minimum-energy structure.[19] In solid urea, the oxygen center is engaged in two N-H-O hydrogen bonds. The resulting dense and energetically favourable hydrogen-bond network is probably established at the cost of efficient molecular packing: The structure is quite open, the ribbons forming tunnels with square cross-section. The carbon in urea is described as sp2 hybridized, the C-N bonds have significant double bond character, and the carbonyl oxygen is basic compared to, say, formaldehyde. Urea's high aqueous solubility reflects its ability to engage in extensive hydrogen bonding with water.
By virtue of its tendency to form a porous frameworks, urea has the ability to trap many organic compounds. In these so-called clathrates, the organic "guest" molecules are held in channels formed by interpenetrating helices composed of hydrogen-bonded urea molecules. This behaviour can be used to separate mixtures, e.g. in the production ofaviation fuel and lubricating oils, and in the separation of paraffins.
As the helices are interconnected, all helices in a crystal must have the same molecular handedness. This is determined when the crystal is nucleated and can thus be forced by seeding. The resulting crystals have been used to separate racemic mixtures.
Urea reacts with alcohols to form urethanes. Urea reacts with malonic esters to makebarbituric acids.
Urea can be irritating to skin, eyes, and the respiratory tract. Repeated or prolonged contact with urea in fertilizer form on the skin may cause dermatitis.
High concentrations in the blood can be damaging. Ingestion of low concentrations of urea, such as are found in typical human urine, are not dangerous with additional water ingestion within a reasonable time-frame. Many animals (e.g., dogs) have a much more concentrated urine and it contains a higher urea amount than normal human urine; this can prove dangerous as a source of liquids for consumption in a life-threatening situation (such as in a desert).
Urea can cause algal blooms to produce toxins, and its presence in the runoff from fertilized land may play a role in the increase of toxic blooms.[20]
The substance decomposes on heating above melting point, producing toxic gases, and reacts violently with strong oxidants, nitrites, inorganic chlorides, chlorites and perchlorates, causing fire and explosion.[citation needed]
[edit]See also
- ^ http://toxnet.nlm.nih.gov/cgi-bin/sis/search/f?./temp/~ZAvqWP:1:sol
- ^ Williams, R. (2001-10-24). "pKa Data"
. Retrieved 2009-11-27.
- ^ Kurzer, Frederick; Sanderson, Phyllis M. (1956). "Urea in the History of Organic Chemistry"
. Journal of Chemical Education (American Chemical Society) 33 (9): 452–459.doi:10.1021/ed033p452
. Retrieved 2011-10-11.
- ^ Nicolaou, Kyriacos Costa; Tamsyn Montagnon (2008). Molecules That Changed The World. Wiley-VCH. p. 11. ISBN 978-3-527-30983-2.
- ^ Gibb, Bruce C. (2009). "Teetering towards chaos and complexity"
. Nature Chemistry(Nature Publishing Group) 1 (1): 17–18. doi:10.1038/nchem.148
. Retrieved 2011-06-29.
- ^ Sakami W, Harrington H (1963). "Amino acid metabolism". Annual Review of Biochemistry32 (1): 355–98. doi:10.1146/annurev.bi.32.070163.002035
- ^ Walter F. Boron. Medical Physiology: A Cellular And Molecular Approach. Elsevier/Saunders. ISBN 1-4160-2328-3. Page 837
- ^ Section 1.9.2 (page 76) in: Jacki Bishop; Thomas, Briony (2007). Manual of Dietetic Practice. Wiley-Blackwell. ISBN 1-4051-3525-5.
- ^ ICIS, http://www.icis.com/v2/chemicals/9076559/urea/uses.html
- ^ Marsh, K. L., G. K. Sims, and R. L. Mulvaney. 2005. Availability of urea to autotrophic ammonia-oxidizing bacteria as related to the fate of 14C- and 15N-labeled urea added to soil. Biol. Fert. Soil. 42:137-145.
- ^ www.dooyoo.co.uk (2009-06-19). "Lacura Multi Intensive Serum – Review – Excellent value for money – Lacura Multi Intensive Serum "Aqua complete""
. Dooyoo.co.uk. Retrieved 2010-12-28.
- ^ Researchers develop urea fuel cell.
- ^ http://www.nature.com/neuro/journal/vaop/ncurrent/full/nn.2928.html
- ^ "UriSec 40 How it Works"
. Odan Laboratories. January 2009. Retrieved February 15, 2011.
- ^ Baumgartner, M., M. Flöck, P. Winter, W. Lu, and W. Baumgartner. 2005. Evaluation of flow injection analysis for determination of urea in sheep's and cow's milk. Acta Veterinaria Hungarica. 50 (3): 263-271.
- ^ Greenan, N. S., R.L. Mulvaney, and G.K. Sims. 1995. A microscale method for colorimetric determination of urea in soil extracts. Communications in Soil Science and Plant Analysis. 26:2519-2529.
- ^ a b Jozef H. Meessen and Harro Petersen "Urea" in Ullmann's Encyclopedia of Industrial Chemistry 2002, Wiley-VCH, Weinheim. doi:10.1002/14356007.a27_333
- ^ "Inorganic Chemicals » AMMONIUM CARBAMATE"
. Hillakomem.com. 2008-10-02. Retrieved 2010-12-28.
- ^ Godfrey, Peter; Brown, Ronald and Hunter, Andrew (1997). "The shape of urea". Journal of Molecular Structure 413-414: 405–414. doi:10.1016/S0022-2860(97)00176-2
- ^ newscientist.com
– US set to track toxic algal blooms
[edit]External links


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Hi, I haven't gotten P3T working yet, but I have gotten 3 e-mails from people puzzling how to set the DSP-2232 up for 400 baud TLM. The manual is sometimes obscure, so here is my recipe: The DSP-2232 does, after a fashion, decodes the 400 baud TLM. It does it from the DSP mode, using modem 44. In order to get the unit to set up for 400 baud TLM, from your terminal program type DSP<CR>. The LCD should say "Loading Modem 44" and then show "DSPdat." (It normally loads the correct modem, 44, when you switch to DSP, but you can also load it with the normal Modem 44 command if for some reasons it doesn't.) The terminal will say something like "Opmode was xyz, Opmode now DSPdata." That's it! The unit buffers the data and outputs it at the terminal TBAUD baud rate. Now select USB and tune in the signal by ear/meter. There should be a single light bar in the PORT 1 LCD, somewhere near the center. Tune the radio, slowly, to center the bar. Note that the LCD seems to be updated every few seconds, so change the tuning and wait for a response. Anywhere near the center, and you should be "printing" to your terminal program. This much will get you the ASCII strings in the message blocks. There will be a lot of non-printing control characters, etc. You may, depending on your program, be able to capture the data as 8 bit characters to a data file. That is as far as I have gotten. Note that the DSP-2232 currently only handles 512 bytes, not the current 514 bytes, including the 2 CRC blocks. Someone is looking into modifying the modem code for this, but that is for the future. Also, a real G3RUH TLM modem generates a hardware handshake to synchronize the data. The DSP-2232 does not. Any display software needs to do the synchronization from the data stream. (Does P3T do this?) Hope this helps get people started. Alan WA4SCA ---- Via the amsat-bb mailing list at AMSAT.ORG courtesy of AMSAT-NA. To unsubscribe, send "unsubscribe amsat-bb" to email@example.com
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Nose-Job Scandal Sinks Egyptian Politician
Ah, democracy.
Forty days into the new Egyptian Parliament, a lawmaker has already been expelled because of an ego-based disgrace. Anwar el-Balkimy, a representative of the ultraconservative religious right, claimed he was violently mugged, requiring facial surgery, but doctors say he was just getting a nose job:
Vain, self-aggrandizing and hypocritical politicians are, of course, as old as politics, even in Egypt. But for their foibles to blossom into public scandal requires conditions that are still a novelty here and elsewhere in the Arab world: lawmakers who win competitive elections with promises to honor their constituents, informants unafraid of extra-legal retribution from the powerful and a free press eager to expose the circus. ...
Nader Bakar, a spokesman for the Nour Party, said that in expelling Mr. Balkimy the party was establishing the principle of accountability, requiring public officials whose wrongdoing interferes with their duties to apologize and bear the responsibility — something he said was common around the world but still new in Egypt.
To many more!


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David Ives' clever adaptation of the classic French farce "The Liar" opened at Centenary Stage Company this past weekend. This production, set in 1643 Paris, is stylishly directed by the CSC's artistic director, Carl Wallnau with a marvelous cast of mostly Equity pros led by Brian Sheppard.
"The Liar" is pure zany fun starting with the opening remarks to the audience by actor Tom Morin. Morin, seen last season as the cripple in the "Cripple of Inishmaan," has a fine comedy turn as the enterprising servant for hire Cliton, the lead jester of the play. Cliton has one slight flaw ...he can not tell a lie! This affliction is particularly unsatisfactory since his new employer, the handsome and charming Dorante (played with great style by Brian Sheppard), who has arrived in Paris seeking a suitable bride, is incapable of telling the truth. Dorante believes the best and quickest route to his marital goal is to fabricate outlandish tales of conquest both in the boudoir and on the battlefield.
The plot: Dorante, on his very first day in Paris, meets two beautiful young women, who are not only close friends, but live on the same exclusive street and each has a servant. Here is where the fun and resulting confusion starts and ends. The two servants, Isabella and Sabine are twin sisters (played nicely by Morgan Mack, a recent Centenary grad making her Equity debut) Sabine serves the charming Clarice (Dana Gartland) and Isabella serves Clarice's best friend, the quiet, but attractive Lucrece (Erica Knight). Dorante falls in love with... Clarice, whom he unfortunately mistakes for her friend Lucrece. He spends most of the two-hour hilarious adventure pursuing her via every means possible including a dark midnight rendezvous and a passionate note.
Rounding out the fine cast is Phil E. Eichinger as Alcippe, Clarice's secret and very jealous fiancé. One of the comedy high points is a sword less duel between Dorante and Alcippe. Playing Dorante's aristocratic father, who is also in Paris to arrange a marriage for his master liar of a son, is the very impressive Alan Coates. Lastly, Christopher J. Young has the supporting role of Philiste, Alcippe's friend.
What takes this play to a special level, adding greatly to the enjoyment, is that the entire play is delivered in clever, very amusing modern rhyming verse.
Director Carl Wallnau's' production team includes the award winning television and stage set designer Bob Phillips, who has designed an outstanding single set with a Parisian backdrop, that works for all scenes via the simple placement of potted plants, a bench and curtains. The prop movements are cleverly choreographed by Lea Antolini-Lid. The colorful, nicely detailed period costumes are the work of costume designer Julia Sharp; the lighting designer is Ed Matthews; the fight coordinator is Stephen Davis; and the sound designer is Kyle Dylan Conner. Danielle Constance serves as stage manager.
"The Liar" is a fun romantic event that, of course, has a happy ending (with a nice twist). How the tale is resolved, naturally, requires a visit to the Centenary Stage Company. If you are looking for a bright break from the dreary days of winter, look no further, this is a wonderful joyous example of the magic that is live theatre. Laughs are guaranteed.
Reviewed by Rick Busciglio February 23, 2014
"The Liar" performance times are Thursdays at 7:30 p.m., Fridays and Saturdays at 8 p.m. and Sundays at 2 p.m. There are 2 p.m. matinées on Wednesdays February 26th and March 5th. Tickets range from $25 to $27.50 with discounts for students and seniors. Every Thursday night is "Family Night," which offers a 2-for-1 rush ticket price when purchased at the door.
Tickets may be purchased online at www.centenarystageco.org, at the CSC Box Office located in the David and Carol Lackland Center at 715 Grand Ave in Hackettstown, or by calling 908-979-0900. The Box Office is open 1-5 PM Monday through Friday, and 2 hours prior to performance times. CSC also operates a second Box Office during the season at 217 Main Street in Hackettstown open Monday through Friday 3-6 p.m.


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Susie Bell Rhynes Wilson, 82, of Quincy, died on Thursday, August 14, 2014 in Quincy. Funeral service will be 3 PM Saturday, August 23, 2014 at Tabernacle Church of Christ Written in Heaven in Gretna.
John Wesley Rumlin, Sr.
John Wesley Rumlin, Sr. 98, of Gretna, died on August 15, 2014 in Tallahassee. He was a member of Mt. Zion Freewill Baptist Church.
Carlee E. Jackson
Carlee E. Jackson, 46, of Chattahoochee, died on Thursday, August 28, 2014 in Tallahassee. He was the pastor of House of Prayer First Born Church in Quincy, Florida.
"Where Everybody Is Somebody"
Thank you for choosing Bradwell Mortuary, the place where Everybody is Somebody! It is our constant aim to provide the families of the deceased with the very best of service during your hours of need. It is our daily prayer that our arms are wide enough to embrace the impossible and loving enough to cherish the least. We are the funeral professionals. Let us help you to navigate these difficult times.
Monte C. Bradwell
Owner and LFDIC
Bradwell Mortuary is also home of Luxury Limousines and B-E Transit. For transportation needs, please give us a call at 850.627.3700


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Welcome to the Acoustic Guitar Community.
My first Les Paul that my Dad bought me used in 1986 for $500.00. What a steal!
The guitar was stolen a few years later and was spotted by a friend at a pawn shop. I paid $1200.00 for it this time...oh well!
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Article ID: 1531 - Last Modified: July 7, 2011
Is it necessary to align all the non-model ligands before proceeding to the Build QSAR step in the Phase Develop Pharmacophore Model workflow?
It's not necessary to align the non-model ligands yourself. When you build QSAR models, the phase_multiQsar program automatically finds the appropriate alignments for every ligand that matches 3 or more sites of each hypothesis.
To ask a question or get help, please submit a support ticket or email us at firstname.lastname@example.com.
Type the words or phrases on which you would like to search, or click here to view a list of all
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More New and Used
from Private Sellers
Note: Supplemental materials are not guaranteed with Rental or Used book purchases.
Wildlife of Southern Africa
ISBN13:by Polich, Carol
Intl Pub Marketing
Wildlife of Southern Africa gives a rare glimpse into the lives of wild animals, revealing their daily struggle for survival, their curious habits, and the intricacies of species and family interaction. This colourful memento of southern Africa's spectacular wildlife legacy offers:
Author Biography
Carol Polich's interests combine travel, photography and the study of wildlife behaviour. Pitching her tent wherever she travels, Polich has worked extensively in southern Africa, as well as in Madagascar, Morocco, Kenya, Nepal, southeast Asia and western USA. Whether from the comfort of her car or on a marathon trek by foot through the bush and desert, Polich is always on the lookout for extraordinary photo opportunities of wildlife, birdlife, wild flowers, ancient civilizations and scenics.
Table of Contents
|p. 5
|Family Affairs
|p. 6
|Up Close
|p. 14
|Finding Food
|p. 26
|Off Guard
|p. 38
|On the Move
|p. 50
|The Waterhole
|p. 62
|Displays and Disputes
|p. 72
|Table of Contents provided by Ingram. All Rights Reserved.


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Kim Sentmore is the first Tulane volleyball player to receive All-Conference USA First Team Honors in league history.
Nov. 15, 2000
NEW ORLEANS - A trio of Tulane volleyball players received All-Conference USA honors the league office announced on Wednesday.
Senior Kim Sentmore was named to the All-Conference USA First Team, while junior Erin Dobyanski received All-C-USA Second Team honors. Freshman Lauren Jones-McClain was named to the Conference USA All-Freshman Team.
Sentmore, who received second team honors last season, is the first Tulane volleyball player to receive All-Conference USA First Team honors in league history. Sentmore leads the Wave in kills (455), service aces (29) and digs (396). This season, Sentmore posted a career high 31 kills against DePaul and a season high 27 digs against Memphis.
Second Team honoree Dobyanski, leads the Green Wave in blocks with 107 and is second on the team in kills (290) and digs (243). She averages 1.15 blocks per game against Conference USA opponents. This season, Dobyanski put down a career high 26 kills in Tulane?s first-ever win over Houston.
Jones-McClain has become a fixture to the Green Wave rotation in her rookie season with the Wave. Thus far in the season, Jones-McClain has posted 219 kills, 267 digs and 75 blocks. She is the first freshman to earn all-freshman honors since 1997.
The three honors received on Wednesday doubled the number of All-C-USA volleyball honors received by Greenies since Tulane joined the conference in 1995. Current assistant coach Cappy Meyer was the first Green Wave to receive all-conference honors in 1995. Senior Liz Gruns was named to the all-freshman team in 1997 and Sentmore received second team honors in 1999.
The Green Wave is set to play it s first match of the 2000 Healthy Choice Volleyball Championship on Thursday, November 16 in Charlotte, N.C. The No. 6 seed Tulane takes on the No. 11 seed Memphis at 5 p.m.
For further information contact Krisden Wunsch (504) 865-5506 ext 5 or
at firstname.lastname@example.com


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WASHINGTON TWP. — Legendary Blues singer B.B. King will perform at the TD Bank Arts Center, 519 Hurffville-Cross Keys Road on Saturday, April 20 at 8 p.m.
The reigning King of Blues continues to perform for audiences with a relentless passion, averaging more than 250 concerts per year around the world.
Since he started recording in the 1940s, he has released more than 50 albums, many of them considered classics.
With hits that include "Payin' the Cost to Be the Boss," "The Thrill is Gone," "How Blue Can You Get," Everyday I Have the Blues" and "Why I Sing the Blues," a B.B. King show is a not-to-be-missed experience.
Tickets for the concert are $39.50 to $69.50 and can be purchased at ticketmaster.com.


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My 2000 1500 is doing the exact same thing. Only it will go into neutral. Are your abs lights on on the dash? Or do they ever go on while driving?
This is a discussion on 4 Wheel Drive doesn't engage within the Technical / Maintenance forums, part of the General Discussion category; I have a 2002 Chevy Silverado 2500HD 4x4 8.1 liter auto and I decided since I only bought it a ...
I have a 2002 Chevy Silverado 2500HD 4x4 8.1 liter auto and I decided since I only bought it a month and a half ago, I should test out the 4 wheel drive in it. I have the push button system on my truck too by the way. I drove it into my back yard, stopped on the wet grass, shifted the transmission to neutral, pushed the 4HI button and shifted the transmission back into drive. I drove it around my backyard then stopped. I then tried to spin the wheels and only the rear wheels spun alittle. I tried the 4LO button and it went into LO range but only the rear wheels spun when I took off quickly. When I push the buttons, i hear a "clicking noise" coming from underneath the truck. Also, each button has a light next to it. I push 2HI and the light stays on. I push 4HI or 4LO buttons and the light blinks. I also tried to put the transfer case into neutral by pressing and holding the 2HI and 4LO buttons together for 10 seconds like the owners manual says and it won't go into neutral either. If anyone has any idea what my problem could be, please let me know. If you need any other information, let me know and I will get back to you. Thanks.
My 2000 1500 is doing the exact same thing. Only it will go into neutral. Are your abs lights on on the dash? Or do they ever go on while driving?
2006-Black GMC ECSB SLT Sierra Z71 Sig Thanks to xZoomerZx
Well, the most common problems on these trucks in order of descending likelihood are:
The switch: shifts randomly, lights go out ect...
Grounds - under the driver side door and on the driver side firewall: Random shifts, loss of gauge and switch power, lack of engagement.
Encoder motor sensor: Is a gear driven sensor which keeps track of its position. Sometimes those gears strip or skip which causes the control module to get confused and lock it up, this will throw a code.
Encoder motor itself: A heinously expensive part, which will also usually throw a 4WD code, and lack of engagement.
Actuator: on the encoder motor responsible for engaging the front axle, OBS seem to have more problems with them.
Control module: rarely goes out usually due to a ground failure.
I know all of this because I replaced all the the above trying to get mine working again, everything but the control module.
Missing front driveshaft: not very likely, but that would case it too.
I'd say you might have an incomplete ground, and that you should pull the three on the frame on the drivers side of the cab, clean them with break clean, sand them, reattach them, the put some enamel on them to keep them from rusting. Sand and clean the one on the firewall too.
If its not that my moneys on actuator.
Last edited by 2500ak; 06-15-2008 at 12:36 PM.
Originally Posted by gitingrdone
Yours is almost certainly a ground, I've had that happen before. It was the one on the firewall coming loose actually killed the computer control module. Fixed the ground all the lights stopped flashing, modules still dead.
If anyone knows where that control module is, I still need to replace it and can't find it.
I haven't seen any ABS lights come on while driving or ever for that matter. I am going to have the actuator checked and see if that is it. I am just going to make the dealer pay for this because they already owe me a grand for the crankshaft sensor that I had fixed by someone else. They had to almost pull the engine to have the sensor replaced! Great place for a sensor. I also have heard that the 2001 8.1 liter trucks have been recalled for this sensor. How come the 2002's haven't been recalled too?
My bet is the push button switch
The push button switch works because when I push it, I hear something switching over under the truck. The front axle just isn't engaging. While in 4LO, I have the LO Range but just to the rear wheels. I am thinking it's the Actuator but we'll see soon enough because I will be getting it looked at as soon as possible. The lights next to 4LO and 4HI flash when I press the button.
did you get anywhere with this?
2006-Black GMC ECSB SLT Sierra Z71 Sig Thanks to xZoomerZx
I got the problem fixed and it was just a broken wire under the truck somewhere. Had my mechanic fix it and since It only took them 15 minutes to fix the wire, shrink wrap it and cover it back up, it was a free repair. Now it's going to be time to "Dress up" my truck alittle. (Now that everything works the way it should) Thanks to everyone that has helped me with the Crankshaft sensor and the 4x4 problem.


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Spencer Whipple enjoying opportunity
CORAL GABLES _ It's likely Spencer Whipple will never be a starting quarterback at the college level.
With that said, Whipple is using his opportunity to run the UM scout team to gain experience for his next career. He wants to follow in the footsteps of his father Mark, the Hurricanes' offensive coordinator.
"This is going to be a good experience," Whipple said. "If I want to get into coaching, this is a good situation being with my dad and seeing how a big-time program runs."
Spencer Whipple transferred from UMASS, where he was a backup, the week of the Georgia Tech game. He was instantly placed into his new role with the Hurricanes undergoing a shortage at quarterback after the transfers of Cannon Smith and Taylor Cook.
The situation has allowed Whipple, a redshirt sophomore, to receive the most practice time in his career. He signed with Pittsburgh out of high school, but then transferred to UMASS. He's enjoyed the added "playing time" since arriving.
"That's where all my reps come from," Whipple said. "I just put all my time into watching the other offenses and then any type of small details that their quarterback does or how their offense runs and try to mimic the same things they do on the field."
But the biggest reason for the move was to be closer with family. Whipple said this is the first time he's been able to spend quality time with his father since high school. They often watch film together after Whipple finishes class.
We have individual meetings during the day and watch film with him," Spencer Whipple said. "He's always been kind of far away. Now, it's like everyday we get to see each other."


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Features: Cosy fleece, oversized neck, contrast herringbone tape draw-cords and kangaroo pocket....
Features: Microfleece, lightweight and breathable and high zip neck. Colours: Red, blue...
Features: Super soft snuggly teddy fleece, long zip, internal wind...
Features: Lightweight easy-care microfleece, full length zip, shirred collar and side panels....
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A good quality close-fitting glove that gives a good feel on the rein.
Colours: Black, white or black/chocolateSizes: Small, medium, large, extra largePrices: From £17Contact: 01208 265 920 or visit www.woofwear.com
These gloves fit really well – I'm a small size and they're lovely and snug. The Velcro wrist fastener makes sure they fit well round the wrist, keeping out any summer rain or wind. I got caught out in a shower a number of times in these gloves and they kept my hands dry, although I haven't tested them in a downpour yet. I wore them a lot over the summer and they didn't rub or cause any problems. The Amara palm gives you great grip.
They've washed and worn well and look like new. I think these are a really good price for a quality glove
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If the journal does not appear in this search or the available date range does not match the date you need, then you should fill out an interlibrary loan article request form.
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text: Just wanted to drop a line and say hello to all. Living in the sunshine state of Florida. Hobbies guns and motorcycles. Because of the good advice from this forum, I picked up a new Beretta PX4 yesterday, and love it. Shipwreck: seen you a few time in Bersatalk. :smt023


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2010-08-18 / News
Gohmert: 'This is a delicate time in our history'
United States Congressman Louie Gohmert, a republican from Tyler, gave a somber speech to the members of the Kilgore Lion's Club Thursday afternoon as he addressed out-of-control spending and national security concerns during the past and current presidential administrations. "We're at such a delicate time in our history" Gohmert said.
Stories older than 30 days are only accessible by purchasing access to each story at $1.99. If you have trouble with this feature please contact our circulation department at email@example.com
or 903-984-2593.


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We all have an important role to play in helping the federal land management agencies make smart decisions for managing our shared public lands.
More than 2,000 acres in the region around the renowned Chaco Canyon area will no longer be available for oil and gas leasing auctions.
The announcement is part of several measures the Obama administration is taking to cut methane emissions by 40 to 45
By the time the public comment period ended on April 22, over 12,000 Wilderness Society supporters had submitted comments applauding a new rule that addressed natural gas waste on public lands—waste that is
In early April, the U.S. Forest Service issued a draft environmental impact statement recommending that this forest in the Wyoming Range withdraw consent to lease 30 parcels—nearly 40,000 acres—of land for oil and gas leasing.
Most oil and gas operators polled for the report say that new Colorado regulations—including mandated inspections of oil and gas o
Oil and gas companies want you to think they are over-regulated, but fossil fuel development on public lands is currently managed in heavy favor of the industry.
The oil and gas industry wants the public to believe that it needs access to more of our lands, but new statistics released by the Bureau of Land Management (BLM) on April 11 show the industry isn't bidding on all of the land offered for lease by the BLM.
It is time to overhaul the system behind the leasing of federal coal and take the impact of coal emissions seriously.
Coal production on public lands has been an important part of the U.S.
Chronic under-funding has left our nation's trail system in poor shape. Support a bill that would change that.


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The drama went to a whole new level this week on "Basketball Wives LA" after Chantel Christie confronted Draya Michele about her dealing with Orlando Scandrick. On April 1, Mstartz reported that Jackie Christie was just trying to clear things up when she surprised Draya with a meetup.
Draya has said that Jackie Christie asked her if she would be willing to meetup with Jackie's daughter Chantel and try to hash out their differences. Draya declined the meetup, clearly not interested in the feud any longer.
Rather than respecting Draya's wishes and dropping the request for a meetup, Jackie took it into her own hands. Is anyone surprised by this? In any case, during a meetup between Jackie and Draya, Chantel just popped up and surprised Draya, who was clearly uncomfortable with the very obvious setup.
During the unwanted meeting, Jackie said her intent was to clear the air between Draya and Chantel. It is unclear if that was truly her intention and she is just clueless or if Jackie was causing extra drama between the two on purpose.
Draya and Chantel ultimately ended up arguing even more about the Orlando Scandrick cheating scandal. Draya insists that Orlando met Chantel prior to them dating and that Orlando wasn't interested. Chantel insists he was clearly interested and that it was during a time when Draya was with him. Neither of them will let it die.
The pair even took to Twitter and Instagram during the airing of episode 7 to keep arguing about Orlando Scandrick. At one point, obviously fed up, Chantel Christie shared screenshots of some of her conversations with Orlando dated June 13 of last year. Since Draya and Orlando recently celebrated a year together, that puts Chantel talking to Orlando inside of their relationship timeline.
Chantel has since taken the screenshots down but Mediatakeout didn't miss them and has them posted for all to see. The evidence looks pretty bad for Orlando in this case. Through all of this, Chantel keeps trying to make the point that she wasn't trying to be messy. She really was just looking out for Draya and wanted her to know what Scandrick was doing behind her back since Draya was obviously so smitten. Of course she should have just gone to Draya herself rather than letting her mom do it. Jackie Christie can't seem to do anything without making a mess of it.
Suggested Links
- Kenya Moore to 911 operator 'I've just been assaulted'
- 'Dancing With The Stars' news: Billy Dee Williams out due to back pain
- Benzino shooter Gai Scott pleads not guilty, claims self defense
- 'Basketball Wives LA': Sundy Carter says Draya didn't give her a black eye
- Benzino speaks out from hospital after being shot at mother's funeral


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For those missing the adventures of Lara Croft on the big screen, you're in luck. GK Films has acquired the movie rights to the Tomb Raider series and is intent on releasing a reboot in 2013.
Rumored for years, the next unnamed Tomb Raider feature will focus on the heroine's origins. Many actresses have been reportedly up for the role including Megan Fox (Transformers, Jennifer's Body) (her team dismissed the rumors in 2010) and Olivia Wilde (Tron Legacy) since the previous star in the series, Angelina Jolie, has not expressed interest on returning to the role of Lara Croft.
"We are very excited to be rebooting what is already a hugely successful film franchise and continuing the Tomb Raider phenomenon," says GK Films chief and Departed producer Graham King.
The first two films in the Tomb Raider series, Lara Croft: Tomb Raider and Tomb Raider: The Cradle of Life, made a worldwide gross of $430 million.
There is no official word on who will be directing Tomb Raider 3 nor its cast.


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Corporations registered under the Financial Sector (Collection of Data) Act 2001The Financial Sector (Collection of Data) Act 2001 (the Act) repealed the Financial Corporations Act 1974 on 1 July 2002. The Act serves mainly to facilitate the collection of statistical data.The following provides information to assist reporting entities provide data to APRA.
RFC Reporting Framework (lodging returns)
Reporting requirements for RFCs are given legal effect through Reporting Standards under the Act. Entities with assets less than $50 million are not required to report.
RFC reporting standards
RFC reporting forms and instructions
Section 7 of the Act outlines the characteristics of corporations subject to the Act.In general, the Act applies to:
Responsibility to register lies with the corporation. For further information, please refer to the Act.To register, a corporation needs to:
Once registered and categorised, corporations may be required to submit the appropriate forms on either a monthly or quarterly basis. These requirements will be communicated to the corporation upon registration.Click here to view a list of RFCs
Note: This is not a list for the purposes of subsections 11(4) and (5) of the Act. A list for the purpose of subsection 11(4) is prepared and published by APRA in the Gazette on an annual basis.PenaltiesRegistration does not give RFCs any special status or guarantee their financial stability. The Act prohibits RFCs from advertising that they are 'registered under the Financial Sector (Collection of Data) Act 2001' or 'registered with the Australian Prudential Regulation Authority'.If an RFC fails to register within 60 days of becoming eligible for registration, it is subject to a potential fine of 50 penalty units a day for every day that it continues to be non-registered.An RFC that fails to inform APRA within 60 days of any change of name or registered address, or change in principal methods of borrowing or lending, is subject to a potential fine of 10 penalty units a day.
ExclusionsCorporations specifically excluded from registering under the Act include banks, building societies, credit unions, public authorities, friendly or benefit societies, insurance companies and companies authorised by a law of a State or of a Territory to act as an executor, administrator and trustee.Banking Exemption No. 1 of 2015
Banking Exemption No. 1 of 2015 exempts registered entities from section 8 of the Banking Act 1959 (the Banking Act), provided they comply with the conditions in the exemption order, and clarifies the requirements for issuing a prudential supervision warning under the Banking Act:
For further information, please email firstname.lastname@example.com
Contact APRA | 1300 55 88 49 | GPO Box 9836 Sydney NSW
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Enter the text in the image!
no good
There is nothing hotter than a girl tonguing another girls ass.
Very erotic scene starting at 11:11 where there is an over the shoulder view from Peaches when Ella is performing cunnilingus on her and we see Peaches stomach, lower abdomen and pubic mound writhe around in total estacey.
la noia de les coletes està molt bona


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Encyclopedia of Jazz Musicians
De Filippi, Bruno
De Filippi, Bruno, guitar and harmonica; b. Milano, Italy, 8 May 1930. His father was Augusto, a painter. His mother was Antonietta.
He studied guitar and harmonica by himself, learning from jazz books and listening to records of Barney Kessel and Toots Thielemans.
Sensitive to every high-quality music style, in the sixties and seventies Bruno De Filippi played his guitar on the recordings of the most famous italian singers: Mina, CaterinaValente, Johnny Dorelli and Ornella Vanoni. During his forty-year career he also worked with the most important jazz musicians on the international scene (Louis Armstrong, Bud Shank, Lionel Hampton, Bill Russo, Gerry Mulligan, Astor Piazzolla, Barney Kessel and Lee Konitz) and in Italy (Franco Cerri, Enrico Intra, Tullio De Piscopo, Guido Manusardi and Renato Sellani).
He's very proud to be a very close friend of Toots. They met Milano 1962 for a TV show. He came to a jazz club where De Filippi was playing with his Hammond organ sextet. On September, 1997 he invited De Fillippi to play a couple of tunes in duo during his concert in Caserta (Napoli). He was very close to De Filippi especially during the time he wife was sick. Sometimes, Thielemans called his and played his harmonica at the telephone.
During the seventies, De Filipi started playing chromatic harmonica in solos with Mina, Pino Daniele, Toquino, Rossana Casale, Caterina Valente and Gino Paoli.
From 1986 onwards he records in his own name the albums "Harmonica," "Sweet Jazz from Italy," "Portrait in Black and White" and "Different Moods." The latter contains "Metamorfosi," composed by Bruno for harmonica and strings quartet. He also recorded the CD "Bruno De Filippi in New York with Don Friedman Trio" (1992) using the chromatic harmonica. The partnership with the American pianist Don Friedman led in 1994 to the album "You and the Night and the Music" and numerous concerts through Europe and the United States.
Bruno played in New York at Town Hall, Birdland and the Blue Note. He has also performed at The Green Mill in Chicago, Pier House in Key West (Florida) and a number of jazz circuits in Germany and Indonesia. Among the jazz festivals he has performed at are the "Jazz at the Tropics" in Miami, "The Django Reinhardt Festival" in Fontainebleau (France), "Jakarta Jazz 95" (Indonesia), "Zagreb" jazz fair" (Croatia), and "Villa Celimontana" (Rome Italy). In 1997, he lost his wife Mimi, his "number one fan" who sustained and encouraged him to play at the Blue Note. His daughter Franca is a chemist, but sings jazz standards.
In 1996, he recorded the CD "Lili Marlene" with the Don Friedman trio. "You My Love " is his latest, dedicated to his wife Mimi. It was recorded also in New York in 1997 with Don Friedman , Billy Hart and Jeff Fuller.
Contact information:
Bruno De Filippi
Via Lamarmora, 3
20122 Milano
Tel.& Fax:+39 2 5411.4805
Cell: 0347.432.70.58


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Bethel Breaks Ground on New Chapel
Bethel University broke ground Saturday, May 5, on a new 900-seat chapel. The event took place at Bethel's main campus in McKenzie on the west side of the new Vera Low Center for Student Enrichment where the chapel will be erected. Spring 2012 Commencement followed later in the day.
The chapel will be erected to honor six Cumberland Presbyterian ministerial couples and their service to the denomination, and it will be named Cumberland Chapel. Couples honored are: James and Freda Gilbert, James and Helen Knight, Hugh and Pat Parsons, Bill and Dolores Rustenhaven, Leroy and Andrea Muenzler, and Rodney and Pauline McCord.
At the groundbreaking Bethel President Bob Prosser said, "the first fruits of education are the response to the call to need once one has received the gift oneself – this is the Cumberland Presbyterian in our character – it is real, it is true, and that's why we'll have a chapel named Cumberland Chapel."
Also speaking at the groundbreaking was Dr. Maribeth McGuire, a former Bethel professor and academic dean and a long-time Cumberland Presbyterian.
McGuire pointed out how God has continued to graciously bless Bethel in ways that people can now see for themselves.
"Bethel will finally have its chapel," McGuire said. "a separate building denoting several things. First, it will serve as an important symbol of a religious emphasis on campus, and it will remind us that Christians dwell here, work here, and intend to serve the Lord."
McGuire also said the new chapel will emphasize the connection to the Cumberland Presbyterian denomination.
"This institution shares a precious history with the mother church and must always cherish its connection, understand it importance and live in its light," she said.
"This will also be a place that says that worship, and work and study are fully integrated on this campus," McGuire continued.
"Finally, Cumberland Chapel symbolizes Gods' presence among us. It will remind us on a daily basis that God is with us."
Cumberland Chapel is phase III in the Vera Low Center for Student Enrichment. Phase I, which included a spacious new cafeteria, a new student activities room, a new bookstore and student life and enrollment services offices, was completed in August 2011. Phase II, which is a new gymnasioum, is at completion with Bethel's spring 2012 Commencement ceremony being the first event in the new space.
Bethel University is a four-year institution affiliated with the Cumberland Presbyterian Church. Celebrating its 170th birthday in 2012, it offers both bachelor's and master's degrees through a variety of learning platforms and from campuses across Tennessee.


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Guest post by John aka. Trippy Traveler.
For me one of the greatest advantages of being on a beach is that you have time to read. You could get a hotel room and watch countless bad movies on the channels offering such average American fare. You could spend hours having beauty treatments. You could go on a long drinking session. You could even decide to hike to the next beach or kayak off into the sunset. However, the chances are that sooner or later you are going to have time on your hands, and will naturally turn to the printed word.
This is especially true if there isn't any free wifi in the room.
Even people who can't abide reading in their normal lives find themselves picking up a book on a beach holiday. Women who sunbathe will just lie there in pain but even they will need to break the narcissistic monotony with something else to do. That is normally having a drink and a wee in the sea. If there is a copy of 50 Shades of Grey they could be tempted to a little read.
Once you have managed the first 20 or so pages of a novel the chances are that you are going to get 'hooked'. This is especially true if you plump for a mystery such as those written by Ludlum, Dan Brown, Stieg Larsson et al. Murder, suspense, clues will buzz through your head as you lounge around in paradise. Before you know it, you will be looking forward to going to bed early so that you can tuck into your holiday book.
After living on a beach for a while you find that you exhaust your book supply, and that you have read all the books belonging to your travel companion(s). It thus becomes an unexpected joy to light upon a new book. There are often second hand book shops to be found. I find the books often fairly pricey for being second-hand, and often unappealing. I have an uncanny knack for sniffing out a new book.
There are the book shelves in restaurants and in hotel receptions. Often people just leave their holiday book behind. You get a feel for the likely spots that books are likely to be found – among old newspapers, brochures, photos, guest books and other bric-a-brac that people ignore. You also get a feel for the staff members that are more relaxed and friendly, and who will be fine with you borrowing or swapping a book. Others will horde books like gold behind locked glass doors. Some bright spark in management will get the smart notion to make extra income from the books left in the hostel or hotel. I harbour ill-thoughts to these types who are taking the perks out of backpacking, taxing dreams and education.


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The Mayo Clinic Diet: Eat Well, Enjoy Life, Lose Weight by the weight-loss experts at the Mayo Clinic and Donald Hensrud, M.D., M.P.H. is a no nonsense approach to healthy eating and weight loss. It's the only diet developed at the Mayo Clinic and uses a common sense approach to losing weight and keeping it off.
The book is packed with meal plans, tips for overcoming challenges, advice on how to start an exercise plan, and practical suggestions on how to make lifestyle changes. This beautifully laid out and easy to read book comes with a companion book The Mayo Clinic Diet Journal. Each day you record your goals, what you ate, the day's activities, a way to track what you ate from the food pyramid and a motivation tip.
Best of all, I'm giving away a copy of both! (See below for giveaway details.)
Action Guide to Weight-Loss Barriers
Long term success with a weight program sometimes follows a bumpy, uneven path. Many obstacles can keep you from achieving a more healthy weight. Learning to identify potential roadblocks and confront personal temptations is an important part of being successful in losing weight. To make it past the rough spots, it's important to have strategies ready to guide your response as problems arise.
This easy-to-use action guide identifies common weight-loss barriers and practical strategies for overcoming them. If you find a strategy that helps you, include it with your weight-loss program.
The barriers are grouped into three categories: nutrition, physical activity and behaviors. To lose weight — and to maintain that weight loss — it's important that you address all of these components.
Behaviors obstacle – I've tried to lose weight before, but it didn't work. Now, I don't have confidence that it'll work this time.
For many people, losing weight will be one of life's most difficult challenges. Don't be discouraged if you've tried losing weight in the past and you weren't able to — or you lost weight but gained it all back. Many people experiment with several different weight-loss plans before they find an approach that works.
Strategies – following these tips may help you succeed this time around:
- Think of losing weight as a positive experience, not a negative one. Approaching weight loss with a positive attitude will help you succeed.
- Set realistic expectations for yourself. Focus on behavioral changes and don't focus too much on weight changes.
- Use problem-solving techniques. Write down the obstacles that you experienced in previous attempts to lose weight, and come up with strategies for dealing with those obstacles.
- Make small, not drastic, changes to your lifestyle. Adjustments that are too intense or vigorous can make you uncomfortable and cause you to give up.
- Accept the fact that you'll have setbacks. Believe in yourself. Instead of giving up entirely, simply start fresh the next day.
Behaviors obstacle – I eat when I'm stressed, depressed or bored.
Sometimes your most intense longings for food happen right when you're at your weakest emotional points. Many people turn to food for comfort — be it consciously or unconsciously — when they're dealing with difficult problems or looking for something to distract their minds.
Strategies – To help keep food out of your mood, try these suggestions:
- Try to distract yourself from eating by calling a friend, running an errand or going for a walk. When you can focus your mind on something else, the food cravings quickly go away.
- Don't keep comfort foods in the house. If you turn to high-fat, high-calorie foods whenever you're upset or depressed, make an effort to get rid of them.
- Identify your mood. Often the urge to eat can be attributed to a specific mood and not to physical hunger.
- When you feel down, make an attempt to replace negative thoughts with positive ones. For example, write down all of the positive qualities about yourself and what you plan to achieve by losing weight.
To promote my giveaway I'll be sharing excerpts from the book throughout the week as well. Continue reading to learn how to enter the giveaway:
Congrats to Carol E. who won the book and journal. The contest is now closed.
Here's how to enter:
- Leave your name, email address, and blog URL (if you have one) in the comments below for ONE entry.
- If you have a blog, feel free to post about this contest on it for ONE entry.
- Sign up for This Mama Cooks! Review's RSS feed for ONE entry.
- Sign up for my enewsletter for ONE entry.
- Spread the word about this giveaway by submitting a link to this post on Twitter for ONE entry. You must leave your username for that site in your comment so I can check.
- If you have done any of these activities you MUST come back here and leave a comment telling me what you did. I will be checking!
- Maximum amount of entries at This Mama Cooks! Reviews is FIVE – leaving a comment here (1), posting about it on your blog (1), signing up for my enewsletter (1), signing up for my RSS feed (1), and using Twitter (1).
- You have until midnight MT on Monday, January 25, 2010 to enter.
- ONE winner will be chosen at random.
- You must be willing to send me your full name and mailing address so I can mail out your book.
- I will also announce the winner on this blog. I will not share your mailing info with the public, just your name. If you have a blog, I will link back to it when I announce the winners.
The giveaway is valued at $40.98 and is only open to legal residents of the United States 18 years of age and older. No purchase required. Up to FIVE entries per person. ONE book and journal set will be given away. Void where prohibited by law. By submitting your name and email address, you agree to receive relevant promotional emails and contest follow up communications from This Mama Cooks! Reviews and This Mama Cooks! On a Diet in compliance with my privacy policy and giveaway rules.
Full disclosure: I received a book from FSB Associates to do the review and giveaway.
All links to Amazon.com are affiliate links. A commission may be earned from a referred sale to their website.
The above is an excerpt from the book The Mayo Clinic Diet: Eat well. Enjoy life. Lose weight., by the weight-loss experts at Mayo Clinic and Donald Hensrud, M.D., M.P.H. The above excerpt is a digitally scanned reproduction of text from print. Although this excerpt has been proofread, occasional errors may appear due to the scanning process. Please refer to the finished book for accuracy.
Reprinted from The Mayo Clinic Diet, © 2010 Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research. Published by Good Books (www.GoodBooks.com). Used by permission. All rights reserved.


text:
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