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Here's a weight loss supplement not unlike many others, but at a generic price.Top Rated Diet Pills of 2016
Leptopril is a diet pill solution that is made specifically for obese and significantly overweight individuals. Leptopril classifies these people as having more than twenty pounds of additional weight or a body mass index of more than 27. Leptopril is a generic version of the popular diet pill Leptoprin-SD. It offers the same dosage, results and ingredients at a more affordable cost.
Not only does Leptopril market itself as the sure-fix for those battling their weight, it's also a strong stimulant that will give you back needed energy. The Leptopril formula reduces sugar in the blood after meals, burns fat and provides increased energy. Leptopril is taken twice daily with your two largest meals.
Do You Know the Best Weight Loss Pills of 2016?
The ingredients for Leptopil were not published on the product site. There are many natural ingredients included, but also many sources of caffeine. Caffeine does have side effects such as headache, high blood pressure, nausea and racing heart. Leptopil also includes:
- Guarana
- Yerba mate
- Green tea
- Ma huang
- Kola nut
- Kelp
- Weight loss solution for the significantly overweight
- Generic pills allow a price break
- Contains a significant amount of caffeine
- No FDA approval
- Website does not publish ingredients
Leptopril does not make any exercise recommendations for consumers.CONCLUSION
Just like with prescription medicine, it's nice that a less expensive generic-brand is available. Leptopril can be found for about half the price of the name-brand version, and has all of the same results. Leptopril is targeted to what they define as severely overweight individuals. However, the ingredients list does not vary far from what many other diet supplements include. There is little product information available and no consumer testimonials available on the product website. Leptopril does not make any exercise or dietary recommendations to follow while taking the pill.Common Misspellings
Lepptopri, Laptopril, Lepopril, Leptopill, leptopril deitHow Does Leptopril Compare?
- Product Name
- User Rating
- Has Good Appetite Suppressant
- Has Only Natural Components
- Contains No Coffee
- Sletrokor
(Editor's Choice)
- 98/100
- Brilliant Garcinia
- 94/100
- Acai Supreme
- 88/100
- Lean System 7
- 75/100
- Healthe Trim
- 68/100
- Leptopril
- 35 /100
User Feedback(Page 3 of 12, 228 total comments)
when you started taking the pill, did you guys feel anything weird???
I bought this pill from Walmart.com and got it within two days. Started taking the pills yesterday and didn't feel that much of a difference. I felt a little dizzy and nauses but that went away. today I took two pills in the morning then had a bottle of water and a protein shake. Have not been hungry since 6am when I took the pills. Had a few bites of salad and didn't even have the appetite to finish my apple. So far so good. Hopefully they work. Oh and they gave me energy but didn't make me feel jittery and my pulse is the same. I was actually in a good mood at work today..hopefully nobody messes it up the rest of the day! :)
My mother and I had been taking Leptopril for 7months before they took it off the market she went from a sz 16 to a 9 with the right diet and exercise and me from a 18 to a 11 it works but hunting down the pills is hecked ordering online seems to be the only way to get them now.
I was good candidate for leptopril as i am and still to this day the same weight ... 6'3'' 330 lbs i took this pill for over three weeks and guess who ended up in the hospital with not one but two blood clots in my right leg.... i just turned 30 and ever since i took these pills it been nothing but dark skies people .... i had high levels of diuretic in my blood streem i was hospitalized for 4 days ... im now on meds every day and before any of this i was healthy people heathy no lung , heart,brain ,colon , problems till after these pills people dont take them please stop please i almost died this is not a tall tale im 30 and was that close to never typing this message
If I am 173lbs and i would like to l lose 20-25 pounds, is this product good for me? I weigh less than the people who has posted comments on here. So will that be healthy for me?
i have lost over 200 lbs bring it back to the stores like wal-mart PLEASE
Hi, I just purchased Leptopril, but haven't taken it yet. I have Hypothyroidism and take medication for it, so in response to Whitney (Aug. 2010) comment does anyone also have Hypothyroidism, who is taking Leptopril and how does it affect you. I've taken many diet supplements in the past and this one seems good, which is why I bought it, but a little apprehensive to start it because of my thyroid condition. I know I'm going to try it anyway, but I'm just looking for a little feedback, if any from any user with my same condition. Thanks :)
I got mine from Vitamaker.com, if that helps any. Google it, because I'm not sure I typed the address right. Anyways, I started a week ago, and Monday I was devistated. I made it through work ok, but then got home and binge ate my fat heart out. I had two low fat turkey pot pies and a bread stick! Let me explain, I have hypothyroidism, so literally, 800 calories a day is all it takes to maintain my gradious devorer! Anyways, when i got on the scale the next morning, I was the exact same weight! It was one week at this point, and I hadn't lost a thing. Today is Wednesday, and I'm down 7lbs. Wanna know what happened? When i get my period, I first binge, then bloat up a good 10 to 12 lbs every single time. A lot, I know, but true. Anyways, I didn't lose anything because I was bloated. Two days later, the bloating has decreased, and I've lost 7lbs. I really like the leptopril because I didn't clean out my fridge, and it does appear to be working!
I have used this since 2009 and boy does it work . I started off at 285 lbs and now have worked down to 149 with adding diet and exercise as well. Now my husband wants to try it and we can not seem to find it anywhere. Its was at walmart.com and they say now it is out of stock. Anyone know where to find it other than the web site. I love this stuff it was the only thing that has ever worked for me and when he started to take it, it did for him as well. It helped jump start me back into health I thought I had lost years ago !
This product has been the ONLY thing that has worked for me out of all that I have tried... I was 207lbs when I started taking Leptopril, I am now down to 152lbs and still going... I have three kids so I exercise when I can and pretty much eat what I want, I'm just eating less of it. I would and do recommend this product.
I did try it and it does work well actually.I dont get as hungry and I did get an increase of energy.after losing about 50lbs,i did get the nerv thing that some had mentioned but by decresaing the dose to 2 per day one in the morning and 1 in the early evening,I was fine.my problem is finding this product is not so easy.having been to several brand store "not to be mentioned".it does really work folks but like anything else,you have to cut back the regular crap you eat and be sensable.you dont have to be a gym bunny,just park further away from were you go when you park your car and walk more or use mass transit when you can. You can do it and it does work.again,all dietary stuff does not work for everybody.but if u continue eating late or bad food,dont expect a miracle from any of these things....
I started taking it a few days ago :) Bought it at least a year ago and it has been sitting with all my other diet pills. Gained over 30#s and want to loose at least 50#s I work in the health care field and don't like to take any pills because of side effects. The first day I took 2 before each meal and felt dizzy I should of started out with 1.
I notice I don't feel as hungry as I normally would.
I am a very active person walk a lot. I just gained weight from bad eatting habits. Hope it works seems like it is already
I bought it online, tried for 2 weeks....
1st week felt less hungry for about 2 to 3 days. Felt like zombi ... The rest of the time felt the same. Didn't losse half a pound.
To me just makes you a bit more active but doesn't help with the hungry, I was still snacking the same.
I have to say I started weight watchers again and lost 3 pounds in 2 weeks... I'm sticking to my plan..
I have only been taking leptopril for a few days and I already feel the difference.haven't weighed myself but my stomach feels less jiggly already.I gained about 45lbs with my recent pregnancy and I am confident this will shed that pesky baby weight!
I have been using Leptopril for about a month and have lost 12 pounds, that's with no exercise what so ever. I have not had any side effects and trust me I have used quite a bit of diet aids. None have been as effective.
I started them about a month and a half ago, i had already lost 30 lbs but took a long time, still need to lose 20. I have lost another 10 lbs. with exercise and decreasing my food intake, the miracle about this is the last 2 weeks i have not had a kitchen and have been eating out and eating fast food, i haven't lost anything but is also DIDN"T GAIN anything! it works for me!
I tried this product for about 2weeks. I didn't feel any different and it did nothing for me at all. I really don't see how so many people are seeing results from it.
I started the pills today 5/19/2010.. I'm hoping to lose about 60 lbs. I'm 5'6 and 260 lbs and I've been working out for the pass month and a half and haven't lost much weight. So i decided to include the pills along with my workout. I will update all of you in about 2 weeks. WIsh me luck and I wish everyone luck in your weight lost. And always remember it works if you work it. :)
I started yesterday... I'm not to overwight in fact only want to lose 15 pounds but I HATE DIETS! I don't eat too much fat but I'm a Cake maker and I eat tons of sweets (wich become fat).
I noticed an amazing energy, I couldn't sleep last night so today I will have my last pill at 3pm (not at 7pm) I do run about 35min everyday. I'll let everybody know if this works for me in 2 or 3 weeks.
I just started taking these pills on Monday and it's friday and I see aslight difference in my body already...I was already working out 3 times a week and I changed my eating habits about 2 months ago. They do not sell them in Walmart anymore but they can be found on Walmart.com! Good luck to you all!
Featured Diets


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College Teaching Tips
Questions About This Book?
Why should I rent this book?
How do rental returns work?
What version or edition is this?
What is included with this book?
- The New copy of this book will include any supplemental materials advertised. Please check the title of the book to determine if it should include any CDs, lab manuals, study guides, etc.
- The Rental copy of this book is not guaranteed to include any supplemental materials. You may receive a brand new copy, but typically, only the book itself.
College Teaching Tips, 3/e is a guide to help the new instructor or graduate teaching assistant manage the myriad of complex tacks required to teach a course effectively. In addition, many seasoned instructors will also find this text interesting and useful in updating their courses. Not intended to be a heavily referenced work, College Teaching Tips is designed as an appendices on teaching. Pulling from the author's own teaching experiences over the last 30 years, this text helps to illustrate some of the problems (and provides suggested solutions) that any instructor can expect to face.
Author Biography
Professor Whitford was a faculty member at Montana State University Psychology Department for over 30 years and taught over 30,000 students. During his career he primarily taught Introductory Psychology, Abnormal Psychology and Social Psychology. Professor Whitford retired from Montana State University in June 2012.
He has published in the area of Internet interfacing with Psychology, Web site content, PowerPoint presentations, media in Psychology. Additionally, he has authored many Student Study Guides and Instructor's Manuals in the areas of Introductory, Abnormal and Social Psychology. He is currently working on Test Item File validation research and publishing the results with Pearson.

subset: commoncrawl


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When times are tight, it is sometimes hard to know what to buy when shopping for groceries. There are many healthy foods to turn to that are very affordable, and can be used in various ways.
Brown Rice - Brown rice is considered to be healthier choice than it's white counterpart. It contains a high amount of fiber, vitamins, and antioxidants. It is considered a whole grain, and helps with weight loss. Brown rice can be added to many different meals, and will keep you full for a long period of time.
Beans- There are many kinds of beans available such as black beans, red beans, and kidney beans. They can be used in soups, chilis, and other recipes. They are also super affordable when bought in bulk. They will also keep you full for a long period of time because they will expand with liquid, and bulk up a meal.
Potatoes- A 5 or 10 pound bag of potatoes only cost a few dollars, and will really help you stretch a dollar. They are very versatile, and can be used in many different ways. They are rich in fiber, Vitamin C, and potassium.
Green Vegetables- There are many types of affordable green vegetables that are also very healthy. Vegetables like spinach, broccoli and kale. Green vegetables are filled with nutrients, and can be cooked in many different ways.
Frozen Vegetables- A bag of frozen veggies costs only a dollar or two. Some fresh vegetables are only available a few months a year. Buying them frozen not only saves money, they are available the entire year. They are still quite healthy, and there is less waste because they don't go bad like fresh vegetables do.
Peanut Butter- Peanut butter is very high in protein, vitamins and minerals. While some people think that peanut butter is high in fat, it is a healthy fat. It is high in fiber, and will boost energy levels.
Being a smart shopper means that you can not only eat healthy, but you can stay in budget as well.


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Tuesday, August 23, 2011
Right before Snakes on a Plane came out five years ago, a friend and I were so swayed by the pre-opening online hype that we bet MrB that the movie would be a mega-blockbuster. Well, it turned out that the hype was just hype. According to IMDB, the movie's domestic gross barely topped the production cost. Also all hype? Our bet. My friend and I welched on that trip to Paris we promised MrB, blaming over-consumption of Champagne at the time we made the bet. Not very gentlemanly of us! I should be ashamed … but I'm not.
Anyway, snakeskin — whether real or printed — is going to be big this fall. I see some fabulous offerings from Prada on Bergdorf Goodman's website.
I've always liked snake motifs. My Queen of Scots snake pendant and earrings were among my earliest designs.
I investigated my closet to see how much snake I already have. I gathered the best pieces together. I believe I've had them all at least five years. Good thing I rarely get rid of things!
In the middle of the photo is one of my most treasured possessions — a vintage python jacket by Ossie Clark. Here I am wearing it in 2007.
The boots are from the late '90s. Here's a 2007 photo of them. I still have the jacket and the jeans, of course!
The snake-print top is by Etro. I've had it a long time, but only really got enthused about it this summer. No photos of that yet, so I'll give you this photo of Gigi with my snakeskin Lulu Guinness clutch instead.
One thing I did throw out was a pair of shiny, snake-patterned pants in brown and black that I wore to their literal death in the late '90s. I was sure I had a photo of them, but I can't find it. Alas! As I recall, I got them at the same time I got my stretchy red capri pants and these leopard pants.
Now that I think of it, I don't have those leopard pants or those horrible shoes anymore either, and I'm totally okay with that! Some of my late '90s clothes were highly questionable.
24 Responses to "Snakes in My Closet"
All your snake pieces still look so current!
I know I have some natural but shiny snake pumps & a bag in my closet somewhere! Thanks for reminding me to dig em out!
The purse and the jacket are fabulous…these are snakes I can handle!
I love snakeskin too! All of your pieces are great… I wonder how it would look to wear the jacket, top and boots all together!? Gigi is looking like a crisp summer salad in that particular pic!
oooh! I love snakes/snake stuff. As a self-proclaim Slytherin (lol Harry Potter), I am happy to see snakes back on trend. I would also steal that blue shirt off your back, fyi. Love!~ The jacket is also amazing, and fits you so well.
You look so tall in that last shot! And you know I love the snakes.
Oooh I had a VERY similar pair of snakeskin type boots a good while ago, but mine were green/blue, they were from United Colors of Benetton…gosh I wonder what happened to them?! I wish I were as careful as you in keeping my clothes!
best segue ever .. snake things are so sexy .. great pieces
These snakeskin boots are also very colorblock trendy!
I'm not big on snake skin, but I love the queen of scots jewellery!
In 20 years time you'll be mourning those late 90s clothes 😉
I love, love, love the boots!
Am still traumatized from 1997 when a Calvin Klein SA on Madison popped a snake clutch into my unsuspecting hands. But I couldn't drop it, so I held on tentatively, and gave it right back!
Those boots are divine! I'm not usually a fan of snake skin, but the pink and orange make it so fun!
I admire your 'snake collection' and relate to keeping beloved items for decades. My rule is that if I could wear something once every 20 years, it's a keeper.
I love the leopard pants! And what's wrong with those shoes? And now I have dated myself :-).
Those snake boots look fantastic with jeans. I would totally wear those boots.
The Queen of Scots pendant is one of my favorites.
The snake collection is pretty cool for sure – the boots look cool – i would wear them in a second.
Oh, Wendy I just saw this! I also posted yesterday about my new find: snakeskin print coat. Was going to sell it on my Etsy, but thanks to some more sensible bloggers am persuaded to keep the coat. Would you please check it out?
Thanks, Wendy! You're the best.
Oh my gosh! That's a blast from the past! Those boots are just fabulous 🙂
Love snakeskin though! We have a snakeskin wrap dress in our closet, but that's about it. Really need a pair of heels and a purse next!
for whatever reason one of our go to jokes around here related to Snakes On A Plane
i am not a huge fan of snake skin in fashion, but I am so loving both pairs of those earrings!
I love the photo of Gigi and those fab boots!
See you soon!
Love the Ossie Clark jacket – and the leopard print cocktail pants.


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Sometimes kitchen facelifts are easier than you think.
In this case, the homeowners had a perfectly serviceable kitchen for years. It included a Corian countertop and matching backsplash in turquoise, which brought a lot of color to the eclectic kitchen that is a combination of rustic and vintage. Turquoise was a bold choice, but it worked. In fact, the homeowners were happy with their kitchen, but they wanted a new look and the time was right.
To spice things up, they chose to swap out the Corian for a solid wood countertop and a natural, stacked stone backsplash. They decided to outfit the area behind the stove with vintage-style tin ceiling tiles.
The choice of wood for the countertop was an easy one. The kitchen island was staying put and it was topped with a plum slate from Vermont. In addition, the homeowners have a pastry table adjoining the island, which is topped with white marble. Adding more cold stone to the kitchen was not an option. The homeowners didn't care for granite and other stone options, both natural and synthetic, were never seriously considered either.
Instead, the homeowners wanted a warm aesthetic that would look like the kitchens of old when rich, warm wood countertops were the norm; think Victorian kitchens or kitchens of the early part of the 20th century.
They opted for an American Cherry countertop from Craft Art Wood Countertops with a hand-distressed finish. The stacked stone is Beach Walk, purchased from American Import Tiles while the tin tiles were ordered online through American Tin Ceiling Co. in a brushed nickel finish.
Sprovieri's Custom Counters was retained to do the counter installation. They laser, measured the countertop and approximately six weeks later, they came back to do the installation. With the countertop installed, the backsplash was tiled and the tin tiles were glued into place behind the stove.
All in all, the makeover took less than a week and there was minimal mess and upheaval. Yet the change is dramatic.
Suggested Links
- Do-it-yourself ideas to makeover your kitchen countertop
- Give new life to tired kitchen cabinets with paint
- Five steps to remodel your kitchen for $1000 or less
- Two identical kitchens get two totally different interior designs
- Craft-Art introduces new finish for line of wood countertops, butcher blocks


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Local anesthetics have the unique ability to produce complete blockade of sensory nerve fibers and prevent or pre-empt the development of secondary (central) sensitization to pain. For this reason, local and regional anesthetic techniques are often used with opioids, alpha 2-receptor agonists, disso...
The medical records of eight dogs with histopathologically confirmed infiltrative thyroid carcinoma treated with external beam radiation were reviewed and a retrospective analysis of survival and local tumor control were performed. The dogs received a definitive radiotherapy protocol of 46.8-48 Gray...


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Permanent URL to this publication: http://dx.doi.org/10.5167/uzh-24070
Lanz, T; Opitz, C; Ho, P; Agrawal, A; Lutz, C; Weller, M; Mellor, A; Steinman, L; Wick, W; Platten, M (2010). Mouse mesenchymal stem cells suppress antigen-specific TH-cell immunity independent of indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase 1 (IDO1). Stem Cells and Development, 19(5):657-668.
View at publisher
|Accepted Version
Due to their immunosuppressive properties human mesenchymal stem cells (hMSC) represent a promising tool for cell-based therapies of autoimmune diseases such as multiple sclerosis (MS). Mouse MSC (mMSC) have been used extensively to characterize and optimize route of administration, motility, cellular targets and immunosuppressive mechanisms in mouse models of autoimmune diseases, such as experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE). Tryptophan (trp) catabolism by indolamine-2,3-dioxygenase 1 (IDO1) is a chief endogenous metabolic pathway that tightly regulates unwanted immune responses through depletion of trp and generation of immunosuppressive kynurenines (kyn). IDO1 activity contributes to the immunosuppressive phenotype of hMSC. Here we demonstrate that although IDO1 is inducible in bone marrow-derived mMSC by proinflammatory stimuli such as interferon-gamma (IFN-gamma) and ligands of toll-like receptors (TLR), it does not lead to catabolism of trp in vitro. This failure to catabolize trp is not due to defective TLR signaling as demonstrated by induction of interleukin 6 (IL-6) by TLR activation. While mMSC suppressed the activation of antigen-specific myelin-oligodendrocyte glycoprotein (MOG)-reactive T cell receptor (TCR) transgenic T helper (TH) cells in coculture, neither pharmacologic inhibition nor genetic ablation of IDO1 reversed this suppressive effect. Finally, systemic administration of both, IDO1-proficient and phenotypically identical IDO1-deficient mMSC equally resulted in amelioration of EAE. mMSC, unlike hMSC, do not display IDO1-mediated suppression of antigen-specific T cell responses.
23 citations in Web of Science®
26 citations in Scopus®
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|Item Type:
|Journal Article, refereed, original work
|Communities & Collections:
|04 Faculty of Medicine > University Hospital Zurich > Clinic for Neurology
|Dewey Decimal Classification:
|610 Medicine & health
|May 2010
|Deposited On:
|16 Nov 2009 13:15
|Last Modified:
|05 Apr 2016 13:33
|Mary Ann Liebert
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Free webcam chat without login. What can be answered? I did not think long and said:
- Begin.
As if they did not abuse poor little (I mean "blue"), but the show was spectacular: they are so gently caressed each other, I could not help put her hand into her panties and began to stroke his "girlfriend." My friends noticed that I masturbate, wound up even more. Free webcam chat without login.


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Ron Swanson – A Thank You From My Dog
October 8, 2010 By: Ron "Commish" Swanson
Today the temperature might be 90 degrees, but Fall is in the air. You can feel the change as even the hottest days now have pleasant evenings. And, every morning those pesky leaves are starting to pile up outside my door. That coupled with the sad fact that we have only three more weeks of twilight golfing left in the season brings me back to spending more time at Brick Bodies.
This summer has generally meant just one or two days a week at the gym while in the fall and winter I like to pick up the pace and go three or four times. It was easy cutting back during the summer because there was always so many other things to do after leaving the office. When it gets dark before 5 o'clock, there aren't so many pressing things to take care of in the evenings. Most of the time I concentrated on cardio workouts—treadmill, elliptical and bike—and not so much on the "machines" at Padonia. Truthfully, I was a bit tired of doing the same routines that I had been doing for the last eight months.
Then, last week it happened. I went into the "machine room" and there were all new pieces of equipment. Where did they come from? Who knew? Here were the sort of things that I had been wishing were here and all I had to do was look for them.
There are new crunch-type machines and things to work tri-, bi- and what ever other type of –ceps we have. It was very pleasing to find them but, at the same time, I wondered how long had they been here. Could I have been using these all summer? Oh well, at least I can use them all winter.
I was most happy to see a "Torso Rotational" devise. Forgive my not knowing the true names of these things but I have no interest in devoting the few extra brain cells I have left to memorizing various muscle groups and the exercises that isolate them. Anyway, I had started loosening my back in the morning by doing a rotating, gyroing-type movement I came up with and it seemed to feel pretty good. The drawbacks, however, were many. For instance, as I rotated right, and then left I could hear Chubby Checker singing, "Round and round we go; up and down we go, twisting the night awaaaaay." At least only I could hear it in my head.
Mrs. Commish did wake up early one morning and leaped out of bed because she was afraid I was having a seizure. And Makai, our huge Anatolian Shepherd, tries to ignore me as I "rotate" but he sleeps with his eyes open because he's fearful that I am going to spin right into him. I can see the panic in his face, just beneath the surface.
Now, however, all I have to do is use Brick Bodies Rotational Torso Thingy Device and accomplish the same thing, only safer and more efficiently. Mrs. Commish and Makai thank you, Lynne and Victor.


text:
More New and Used
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The Alternate-Day Diet Turn on Your "Skinny Gene," Shed the Pounds, and Live a Longer and HealthierLife
ISBN13:by Johnson, James B.; Laub, Donald R.
Perigee Trade
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Diet only half the time with this revolutionary, easy-to-follow, safe, and science-based program.The Alternate-Day Diet is based on scientific and clinical studies that show how restricting calories only every other day activates a gene called SIRT1-the 'skinny' gene-which results in reduced inflammation, improved insulin resistance, better cellular energy production, and releasing fat cells from around the organs to promote weight loss.This easy-to-follow two step plan will enable readers to enjoy these remarkable and measurable benefits:- Lose fat easily and quickly without deprivation, discomfort, or stress- Improve fat metabolism and avoid regaining lost fat- Slow the aging process- Find relief from symptoms of asthma, heart disease, Type 2 diabetes, autoimmune and inflammatory diseases, and menopause-related hot flashes
Author Biography
James B. Johnson, M.D., a physician and instructor at Louisiana State University School of Medicine, has published numerous articles in peer-reviewed journals including Free Radical Biology & Medicine and Medical Hypotheses. His insights have been featured in the Independent (UK) and the Chicago Tribune.
Donald R. Laub, Sr., M.D., has authored more than one hundred scientific papers and received numerous humanitarian and service awards.
Donald R. Laub, Sr., M.D., has authored more than one hundred scientific papers and received numerous humanitarian and service awards.


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WWE RAW is live from the sold out Allstate Arena in Chicago, IL. The taping will begin at 6:45 PM, as WWE will be taping for NXT as well as some matches for SmackDown! as there is no TV tapings tomorrow night.
The Rock will be making his return to live television tonight to say what he needs to face to face. The Miz and John Cena will also be on hand during this segment.
The Undertaker and Triple H will continue their feud
Lay Cool goes on a hunt for Snooki and Trish.
The dark match main event is Edge, Triple H, John Cena and Randy Orton vs. Wade Barrett, The Miz, CM Punk and Alberto Del Rio.
Maryse will not be on hand for tonight's RAW taping in Chicago, Illinois. She will be watching Chris Jericho perform in Dancing with the Stars. Last week, The Bellas and Alicia Fox attended to support Jericho.


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Jan 15, 2010 11:43 AM
For the contemporary jewelry lovers out there, we may have the item for you. You aren't into the latest craze of vintage-inspired costume jewelry and you appreciate simplicity when it comes to accessories. That's exactly what we've got right here. Choose between a black or white pearl in your own Jane Roberti Pearl Rivet Ring ($95). The slick lines and geometric design are just your style.
There is a Lady in DALLAS, That makes
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You can get all kinds of "gems" & all sizes..
If you've got a product or service that you'd like to promote on Outblush, click here to find out about our advertising opportunities.
Outblush is a blog for girls who love to shop. Our staff digs up the best clothes, home stuff, beauty items, and more. New items are posted every day — bookmark us and check out:


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Stefen T. MacMaster, PGA
Main Address:
Andalusia Country Club
PO Box 1120
La Quinta, CA 92247-1120
PO Box 1120
La Quinta, CA 92247-1120
58 830 Marbella
La Quinta, CA 92253
La Quinta, CA 92253
(760) 777-1050
Stefen MacMaster is a PGA Professional in La Quinta, CA. The PGA of America comprises 27,000 men and women professionals with one singular goal in mind - to make the game of golf more enjoyable for you.
Services Offered:
- Instruction
Professional has not entered award information.
Home » Golf Courses » California » La Quinta » Stefen T. MacMaster, PGA
PGA of America Championships
Harbor Shores
Benton Harbor, Mich.
Sahalee Country Club
Sammamish, Wash.
Baltusrol Golf Club
Springfield, N.J.
Hazeltine National Golf Club
Chaska, Minn.


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Home (US)
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The Way of the Warrior
Chapter One
THE BOY snapped awake.
"All hands on deck!" bellowed the bosun. "That means you too, Jack!"
The bosun's weather-beaten face loomed out of the darkness at the boy, who hastily dropped from his swaying hammock to the wooden floor of the ship's middle deck.
Jack Fletcher, only twelve, was nonetheless tall for his age, and slim and muscular from two years at sea. His eyes—hidden behind the straggly mess of strawblond hair he had inherited from his mother—were an azure blue, and glinted with a determination and fire far beyond his years. He pushed his hair aside and groaned, his limbs aching from the relentless work the crew had been forced to do while battling a tirade of storms.
Men, weary from the long voyage on board the Alexandria, slid from their bunks and pushed past Jack, hastening to the upper deck.
Suddenly there was an almighty crash, followed by a shrieking of the timbers. Jack was thrown to the floor. The small oil lantern suspended from the central beam of the dingy hold swung wildly, its flame spluttering. Jack landed heavily among a pile of empty casks, sending them spinning across the bucking floorboards.
He struggled to find his footing as several grime-ridden, half-starved crewmen stumbled past in the flickering darkness. A hand grabbed the back of his shirt and dragged him to his feet.
It was Ginsel.
The stocky Dutchman grinned at Jack, revealing a set of jagged teeth that made him look like a great white shark. Despite his severe appearance, the sailor had always treated Jack with kindness.
"When will these storms stop hounding us? It sounds as if hell itself has opened up its gates!" growled Ginsel. "Best get yourself up on the foredeck before the bosun has your hide."
Jack hastily followed Ginsel and the rest of the crew as they scrambled up the companionway and emerged into the heart of the storm.
Menacing black clouds thundered across the heavens, and the complaints of the sailors were immediately drowned by the relentless wind that ripped through the rigging. The smell of sea salt was sharp in Jack's nostrils, and ice-cold rain slashed at his face, stinging him like a thousand tiny needles. But before he could take it all in, the ship was rolled by a mountainous wave. The deck flooded and foamed with seawater, and Jack was instantly drenched to the skin. The water had barely cascaded away through the scuppers when another tumultuous wave roared across the deck. This one, stronger than the first, swept Jack off his feet. He barely managed to grab hold of the ship's rail to stop himself being washed overboard.
Jack recovered his footing as a jagged line of lightning scorched its way across the night sky and struck the main mast. For a brief moment, the entire ship was illuminated in a ghostly light. The three-masted ocean trader was in turmoil. Her crew was scattered across the decks like pieces of driftwood. High up on the yardarm, a group of sailors battled against the wind, attempting to furl the mainsail before the storm ripped it away, or worse, capsized the ship entirely.
On the quarterdeck, the third mate, a seven-foot giant of a man with a fiery red beard, was wrestling with the wheel. Beside him was Captain Wallace, a stern figure who shouted commands at his crew, but all in vain: the wind whipped his words away before anyone could hear them.
The only other man on the quarterdeck was a tall, powerful sailor with dark brown hair tied back with a thin piece of cord. This man was Jack's father, John Fletcher, the pilot of the Alexandria, and his eyes were fixed on the horizon as if he hoped to pierce the storm and seek out the safety of land beyond.
"You lot!" ordered the bosun, pointing at Jack, Ginsel, and two other crew members. "Get yourselves aloft and unfurl that topsail. Now!"
They immediately headed for the bow of the ship, but as they crossed the main deck to the foremast, a fireball plummeted out of nowhere—straight toward Jack.
"Watch out!" cried one of the sailors.
Jack, having already experienced several full-on attacks from enemy Portuguese warships during the voyage, instinctively ducked. He felt a rush of hot air and heard a deep howl as the fireball flew past and plunged into the deck. The impact, however, lacked the fearsome crack of iron against wood that a cannonball caused. This sounded as dull and lifeless as a dropped bale of broadcloth. With sickening horror, Jack's eyes fell upon the object now at his feet.
It was no fireball.
It was the burning body of a crewman, struck dead by the lightning.
Jack stood transfixed. The dead man's face was etched in agony and so disfigured by fire that he was unrecognizable.
"Holy Mary, mother of God," exclaimed Ginsel.
"Even the heavens are against us!"
But before he could utter another word, a wave crested the rail and swept the body out to sea.
"Jack, stay with me!" said Ginsel, seeing the shock rise in the boy's face. He grabbed Jack's arm and tried to pull him toward the foremast.
But Jack remained rooted to the spot, a sickness rising from the pit of his stomach. He could still picture the burned-out eyes of the dead sailor. This was by no means the first death he'd witnessed on the voyage, and he knew it would not be the last. His father had warned him that crossing both the Atlantic and the Pacific would be fraught with danger. Jack had seen men die from frostbite, scurvy, tropical fever, knife wounds, and cannon shot. Still, such familiarity with death did not make Jack numb to its horror.
"Where're you going?" yelled Ginsel, as Jack ran for the quarterdeck. "We need you aloft!"
Jack, though, was lost to the storm, struggling toward his father in a chaotic battle against the elements as the ship pitched and rolled from one side to the other. He knew he should go with Ginsel, but the need to help his father outweighed any duty to the ship.
He had barely managed to reach the mizzenmast when another colossal wave plowed into the Alexandria. This one was so powerful that Jack was whipped off his feet and washed across the deck. The wave bore him in the direction of an open gangway, and he slid inextricably toward the dark seething ocean.
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Which happens most when you have to speak in public? During this session, you'll learn how to prepare and deliver winning presentations. You will also receive some useful tips from a nationally ranked public speaking coach on how to win over your audience every time.
Speaker: Diane Reed is a nationally recognized speaker, writer and communications professional. Diane currently serves as President of CUDoctor, a full-service credit union consultancy, assisting credit unions nationwide with human resource, marketing, community relations, compliance, sales, training and executive support. Prior to joining CUDoctor, Diane served for more than a decade as Vice President of Administration for a mid-sized credit union where she oversaw the credit union's Human Resources, Marketing, Business Development, Community Relations, Training, Compliance and Sales function. Diane's expertise in "Service-Oriented Culture Change" has been cited in such publications a "Credit Union Times", "Credit Union Management" and a host of other industry magazines. In addition, Diane was a nationally ranked Public Speaking Coach at George Mason University for nearly a decade specializing in speech and the oral interpretation of literature.
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|Brompton Methodist Church is at the southern end of The Green, facing northwards. The building was a conversion of the former Wesleyan Sunday School, designed to replace both the Wesleyan Methodist chapel and the Primitive one. The work was completed in 1970. Nearby, in 1820, Brompton Primitive Methodist Chapel was built on Cockpit Hill. It merged with the Methodist church in 1970. There was also a Brompton Baptist Chapel, opened in 1850. [The History Files]
The Methodist Church is located at OS Grid Ref. SE3747496248
|Find nearby Churches in the Genuki Church database
If you have an interest in Church Architecture, please see Phil Draper's "Church Crawler" pages.


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Janet Jackson's hubby captures the imagination of the media after Dubai sacking
Singer Janet Jackson's husband, Wissam Al Mana who is the managing director at his company Al Mana Interiors, is reportedly under fire for having terminated the employment of the Norwegian woman who was raped by a co-worker in Dubai on a business trip.
According to the US Magazine, Marte Deborah Dalelv has claimed that the company sacked her following her persecution on charges of having 'sex outside marriage'.
Dalelv was arrested when she reported the crime and later sentenced to a 16 month jail term while her attacker was sentenced to a 13 month jail term.
The report said that Dalelv claimed that after three weeks of reporting the incident to the police, she was told by her bosses that she was suspended from the job and received a termination letter signed by Al Mana for 'misconduct and breach of employment duties'.
However, Al Mana's spokesman said that the managing director had been 'sympathetic' to Dalelv and the company representatives have been supportive and in communication with her.
He added that it was only when Dalelv declined to have positive and constructive discussions about her employment status that the company was forced to terminate her employment and the decision had nothing to do with rape allegation, the report added.
Do you think Janet Jackson's man is to blame? Please share by commenting below.


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10312 J. Phys. Chem. B 2003, 107, 10312-10318 Toward a Hydrodynamic Description of Bimolecular Collisions in Micelles. An Experimental Test of the Effect of the Nature of the Quencher on the Fluorescence Quenching of Pyrene in SDS Micelles and in Bulk Liquids Radha Ranganathan,* Carolina Vautier-Giongo, and Barney L. Bales Department of Physics and Astronomy and The Center for Supramolecular Studies, California State UniVersity at Northridge, Northridge, California 91330 ReceiVed: February 10, 2003; In Final Form: June 21, 2003 The simple hydrodynamic description of bimolecular collision rate constants afforded by the Stokes-EinsteinSmoluchowski (SES) equation is tested in a bulk liquid as well as in sodium dodecyl sulfate micelles. Fluorescence quenching of pyrene by three different quenchers is used as a model to study collision rate constants. One quencher is itself a cationic surfactant, one an uncharged long alkyl chain labeled with a nitroxide, and the third an uncharged aromatic compound. The SES equation is found to give a remarkably good description of the fluorescence quenching rate constant not only in bulk but also in micellar media. The fluorescence quenching rate constant is independent of the type of quencher and varies with temperature, viscosity (microviscosity in the case of micelles), and quencher concentration in accordance with the SES equation. A zero-order model of diffusion in micelles is introduced in which pyrene and quencher diffuse through the polar shell. The microviscosity of the shell is deduced from electron spin resonance measurements of one of the quenchers, which is also a nitroxide spin probe. The probability of quenching upon collision between reacting pairs is on the order of order unity in both bulk and micellar media. The observed slight departure of this probability from unity in the case of micelles is discussed and arguments show it to be accommodated by minor adjustments to the zero-order model. Introduction In recent papers, we have begun to test a hydrodynamic theory of bimolecular collisions in micelles using the quenching of pyrene fluorescence as the experimental model.1-3 The basis for the test of the theory is the Stokes-Einstein-Smolulchowski (SES) equation,4,5 which gives the rate constant for diffusioncontrolled collisions (kD) between two types of molecules, A and B in solution, as follows: kD ) 8RT 3000η (1) where R ) 8.31 × 107 erg/K is the gas constant, T the absolute temperature, and η the shear viscosity of the solution. The rate constant kD is given in units of L/mol s when η is in units of poise. The rate constant of quenching is given by kq ) PkDCQ (2) where CQ is the effective concentration of the quenchers in mol/L and P is the probability of quenching upon collision. In view of some rather radical assumptions,4 eq 1 is already remarkable when applied to collisions in normal, homogeneous liquids, being independent of any property of either A or B. In particular, the size of the diffusing molecules does not enter, leading Debye6 to refer to eq 1 as "a peculiar but well-known result in colloid chemistry". Thus, according to eq 1, all molecular pairs would collide with the same rate constant. If eq 1 is remarkable in normal liquids, then its application to * To whom correspondence firstname.lastname@example.com. should be addressed. E-mail: severely restricted geometric constraints of a micelle is suspicious at best. Nevertheless, preliminary work shows1-3 that eq 1 describes fluorescence quenching of pyrene in micelles rather well. The dependence of the linearity of the fluorescence quenching rate constant on T/η in micelles has been studied with varying the viscosity by (1) mixing a nonionic surfactant with sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS)1 and (2) varying the temperature.1,3 The proper dependence of the rate constant on the concentration of the quencher, CQ, has been verified by varying the size of SDS, dodecyl trimethylammonium bromide (DTAB), and chloride (DTAC) micelles.3 Reekmans et al.7 studied the effect on kq of changing micelle size by adding alkanes and alcohols. Croonen et al.8 studied the influence of NaCl. The size of the micelle enters indirectly because the rate constant of collisions depends on the quencher concentration, which is determined by the volume through which they diffuse. It is important to bear in mind that the effective concentration of the quencher in a micelle, CQ, is very different from the concentration of the quencher [Q] computed using the entire sample volume. The purpose of this work is 3-fold: (1) to further test eqs 1 and 2 in micelles, with particular emphasis on varying the nature of the colliding pair, (2) to test eqs 1 and 2 in bulk liquid and determine the quenching probability P (a quenching probability P emerges from eqs 1 and 2 when applied to micelles that are dependent on the model of diffusion employed), and (3) to lend support for a simple model1,3 in which all quenchers and pyrene diffuse through the polar shell as detailed below. Three very different quenchers with structures as in Scheme 1 are employed. DMBP and 5DSE are sparingly soluble in water, as is pyrene. Thus to a good approximation the quenchers encounter pyrene 10.1021/jp034346i CCC: $25.00 © 2003 American Chemical Society Published on Web 08/22/2003 Bimolecular Collisions in Micelles J. Phys. Chem. B, Vol. 107, No. 37, 2003 10313 SCHEME 1 and the collision rate is the arrival rate of particles on this sphere.16,19 The result for the probe-quencher collision rate constant is kD ) 4πRpqD (5) where D is the mutual diffusion coefficient of the probe and quencher and Rpq is the radius of the sphere of influence around the probe. The Stokes-Einstein equation for the diffusion coefficient, Dq, of a quencher molecule of radius Rq in a medium of viscosity η is19 Dq ) in the micelle environment. C16PC is itself a surfactant. We take advantage of the fact that nitroxide spin probes are excellent quenchers of pyrene9 and employ 5DSE as a quencher. None of the three quenchers show appreciable migration from one micelle to another during the lifetime of pyrene as discussed below. The viscosity in eq 1 is estimated from the rotational correlation time of 5DSE, incorporated into the micelles, measured by EPR.10 The quenching rate constant, kq, is measured by time-resolved fluorescence quenching (TRFQ). Theory Time-Resolved Fluorescence Quenching (TRFQ). The quenching rate constant, kq, has been of interest in theoretical investigations because it can be measured experimentally and models the reaction rate constant between solubilized reactants in micelles. Fluorescence quenching in globular micelles has been observed to be a first-order kinetic process, that is, the fluorescence decay due to a single quencher is described very well by an exponential decay, exp(-kqt), thus defining a firstorder quenching rate constant, kq.11,12 Assuming that the quenching rate constant due to n quenchers in a micelle is nkq and that the quenchers are distributed randomly among the micelles (Poisson distribution) leads to the Infelta-Tachiya equation for the time-dependent fluorescence decay, F(t).13-15 Under the conditions that probes and quenchers do not migrate between micelles during of the lifetime of the excited probe,15 the Infelta-Tachiya equation becomes F(t) ) F(0) exp{-k0t + 〈Nq〉 [exp(-kqt) - 1]} (3) The quantity F(0) denotes the initial fluorescence intensity, k0 is the decay rate constant of excited probe in a micelle when no quenchers are present, and 〈Nq〉 is the average number of quenchers per micelle given by 〈Nq〉 ) [Q] [M] (4) where [Q] is the total molar quencher concentration in solution and [M] is the micelle molar concentration. Equation 4 tacitly assumes that a negligible concentration of quenchers partition into the aqueous phase. A fit of eq 3 to the fluorescence decay data yields kq and 〈Nq〉. The Smoluchowski Equation. If quenching occurs only upon a collision encounter (contact) between the probe and quencher, then the Smoluchowski or absorption boundary condition prevails.16-18 In the Smoluchowski derivation, a particle is assumed fixed in space at the center of a sphere of influence RT 6πηN0Rq (6) where N0 is the Avogadro number. A similar expression holds for the diffusion coefficient Dp for a probe molecule. The mutual diffusion coefficient D is the sum of Dp and Dq. Taking Rpq to be the sum of the radii of probe and quencher, assumed to be of the same radius, yields eq 1 for the bimolecular collision rate constant, kD. The assumption of equal radii for the two diffusing particles is not very restrictive. For example, a factor of 4 difference in their radii results in less than a 50% error in the prediction of eq 1.5 The quenching rate constant, kq, is then given by the product of the bimolecular collision rate constant and the concentration of the quencher (eq 2). The quenching rate constant in a bulk solvent is given by kq ) PkD[Q] (7) Application of the SES Equation to Micelles. In a bulk liquid, the computation of the quencher concentration, [Q], is straightforward, the viscosity is uniform throughout the sample, and both the quencher and pyrene diffuse through the entire volume of the sample. Thus, the only remaining parameter in eq 2 is the probability of quenching, P. In a micelle, the situation is far more interesting. First, the quencher concentration, CQ, depends on the volume through which the quencher diffuses which is very likely different from the micelle volume. Second, the viscosity is very unlikely to be uniform throughout the micelle. Third, the volume through which the quencher and pyrene diffuse could be different. This last possibility would decrease the deduced value of P in eq 2 because quenching can occur only within the overlap of the two volumes. Similar ideas were discussed by Dederen et al.20 and Van der Auweraer et al.21 A zero -order model of the application of eq 2 to micelles assumes the following: 1. A simple approximately spherical core-shell model describes the SDS micelle. This model, advanced by Hartley,22,23 has stood the test of countless experiments; in fact, the claim was already made 20 years ago24 that "the overwhelming majority of experimental and theoretical studies have confirmed the classical picture", thus we consider the basic model to be sound. In addition to a wealth of other support,24 the agreement between theoretical and experimental results on the hydration of micelle surfaces supports the model.25-27 2. Pyrene and all quenchers diffuse throughout the volume of the polar shell and nowhere else. Almgren et al.28 showed that aromatic probes and aromatic or ionic quenchers reside preferentially in the polar shell. This assumption is a reasonable zero-order approximation for the quenchers considered here and is supported by the results themselves. Since one of the quenchers is itself a spin probe used to measure the microviscosity, assumption 2 leads immediately to assumption 3. 10314 J. Phys. Chem. B, Vol. 107, No. 37, 2003 Ranganathan et al. 3. The spin probe diffuses throughout the volume of the polar shell and nowhere else and thus reports a viscosity which is the average of the zone through which pyrene and the quenchers diffuse. In the zero-order model the volume in which the reactants diffuse is 4 Vshell ) π{Rm3 - Rc3} 3 a {4π3 NV } (1/3) tail (9) Rm and Rc differ by the thickness of the polar shell, which includes headgroups, counterions, and hydration water. We take Rm - Rc ) 5 Å as determined by high-resolution small-angle neutron scattering.29 Recalling that kq is the quenching rate constant due to a single quencher, the quencher concentration, CQ, is thus due to one molecule in volume Vshell, so that CQ ) 1027 N0Vshell temp, K 1/k0, ns 1/k0, ns 288 293 298 303 395a 385a 372 ( 10a 349a 387 ( 17b Bubbling argon gas. b Freeze-pump-thaw. (8) for a micelle of radius Rm and a core radius Rc. The hydrocarbon core volume of a micelle of aggregation number N is NVtail, where Vtail is the volume of the alkyl chain embedded in the core, so that Rc is Rc ) TABLE 1: Lifetimes of Pyrene Fluorescence in Methanol (10) where Vshell is in Å3 and the factor 1027 converts Vshell from Å3 to liters. To determine CQ, it is necessary to measure N. Materials and Methods The quenching rate constants of pyrene fluorescence due to the quenchers (see Scheme 1) 3,4-dimethylbenzophenone (DMBP), cetylpyridinium chloride (C16PC), and 5-doxylstearic acid methyl ester (5DSE) were determined by TRFQ methods. Pyrene, DMBP, C16PC, and 5DSE were obtained from SigmaAldrich. Pyrene was purified by recrystallization from ethanol. A 25 mM stock solution of the pyrene was prepared and stored in the freezer. An aliquot of the pyrene solution sufficient to provide about 0.01 molecules of pyrene per micelle was added to a vial and the solvent evaporated by a slow stream of dry N2 gas. A 50 or 100 mM solution of SDS was added to the vial and gently stirred for 24 h. Methanol (Fluka Chemicals) was the medium for measurements of kq in bulk. A fourth quencher 16DSE (Sigma-Aldrich), consisting of the nitroxide label at the 16th carbon of the alkyl chain, was also employed in the case of methanol. Micellar kq was determined for SDS micelles in water. The detergent SDS (purity >99%) was from Lancaster Synthesis, Inc. Nanopure water from Sybron/Barnstead Nanopure II was used as the solvent. The two detergent concentrations, [SDS] ) 50 and 100 mM, in the absence of added sodium chloride yield two different aggregation numbers. Further micelle size variation was obtained by adding sodium chloride (analytical reagent grade from Fisher) to the SDS solution. All materials other than pyrene were used as received. The quencher concentration was varied in the range of 0.3-1.0 molecules per micelle. TRFQ experiments were carried out with a nanosecond flashlamp pumped FL900 lifetime spectrometer (Edinburgh Analytical Instruments). Pyrene was excited at λ ) 334 nm and the fluorescence decay was monitored at λ ) 390 nm with a photomultiplier tube by the time-correlated single photon counting technique at 1-ns time resolution for a total decay time of 1 µs. The decay curves were corrected for instrument response by deconvolution with the instrument scattering profile obtained with a scattering solution. Decay curves in methanol were measured at a few selected temperatures between 10 and 40 °C and for various quencher concentrations at each temperature. Experiments in SDS solutions were conducted at 25 °C. The sample temperature was maintained with circulating water. In the case of methanol, dry argon gas was bubbled through a fixed volume of sample (2 mL) for 10 min to deoxygenate the samples. See Table 1 for the lifetimes of pyrene fluorescence in methanol in the absence of quencher after this treatment, together with the lifetime after a rigorous treatment of repeated freeze-pump-thaw cycles. Table 1 shows that bubbling with argon gas is effective in deoxygenating methanol. The quencher concentrations were determined by monitoring the absorption with a Varian Cary 2400 spectrophotometer at (i) λ ) 260 nm and an extinction coefficient, , in methanol of 4200 M-1 L cm-1 for C16PC,30,31 (ii) λ ) 270 nm and of 15262 M-1 L cm-1 for DMBP in water,32 and (iii) λ ) 424 nm and of 11 M-1 L cm-1 for 5DSE in methanol determined through a methanolic solution of a known amount of 5DSE. The corrected decay curves were fitted to a single-exponential decay in the case of methanol and to the Infelta model, eq 3, for SDS solutions. Microvisocosity values previously determined by ESR for SDS micelles using 5DSE in water with and without NaCl were used.2 For SDS micelles, the microviscosity depends only on the values of N and not on the particular surfactant and salt concentrations. For those values of N for which the microviscosity values were not available by measurement, interpolated values were used. Results The decay curves of fluorescence quenching of pyrene in methanol are shown in Figure 1. A single-exponential decay fit yields kq. Micellar quenching was observed in SDS micelles and the decay curves, Figure 2, show that the long-time behavior in the presence of quencher parallels that in the absence of quencher. This means that the intermicellar migration rate is not significant for the quencher/micelle systems of the present studies15 and eq 3 applies. Fits to the Infelta equation (eq 3) return kq and 〈Nq〉. The aggregation number, N, is then obtained from 〈Nq〉 using eq 4 with the micelle concentration [M] ) [SDS] - [SDSfree] N (11) calculated from the known total detergent concentration [SDS] and the computed values of the aqueous monomer concentrations [SDSfree].33,34 The volume of the hydrocarbon portion of the SDS molecule is close to 350 Å.32,35 The value of Vtail forming the core depends on the percentage of the hydrocarbon units of the alkyl chain that is embedded within the core. The literature often reports that about two methylene groups are fully exposed to water2,36,37 leading to a value of 0.83 × 350 Å3 for Vtail. With this value for Vtail, and the N derived from TRFQ, Vshell is calculated according to eqs 8 and 9. Table 2 gives the Bimolecular Collisions in Micelles J. Phys. Chem. B, Vol. 107, No. 37, 2003 10315 TABLE 2: Quenching Rate Constants (kq), Microviscosities (η), Core Radii (Rc), and Shell Volumes (VShell) for SDS Micelles Figure 1. Fluorescence decay of pyrene in methanol for various concentrations of the quencher hexadecylpyridinium chloride, C16PC, at 15 °C. The values of the C16PC concentrations are (1) 0, (2) 0.59, (3) 1.17, and (4) 2.19 mmol L-1. The four curves are the data together with their least-squares fits to a single-exponential decay. quencher [SDS], mol L-1 [NaCl], mol L-1 kq, 107 s-1 η,a cP Rc, Å Vshell, b 104 Å3 C16PC C16PC C16PC C16PC l C16PC l DMBP DMBP DMBP DMBP DMBP DMBP DMBP DMBP DMBP 5DSE 5DSE 5DSE 5DSE 5DSE 5DSE 0.05 0.05 0.05 0.05 0.05 0.10 0.10 0.10 0.10 0.10 0.10 0.10 0.10 0.10 0.05 0.05 0.05 0.10 0.10 0.10 0 0.029 0.093 0.2 0.4 0.025 0.05 0.10 0.15 0.21 0.25 0.28 0.31 0.025 0.1 0.2 0.4 0.063 0.125 0.25 4.18 3.57 3.13 2.78 2.25 3.94 3.56 3.30 3.02 2.77 2.63 2.43 2.39 2.23 3.01 2.44 2.17 3.01 2.74 2.55 7.2 8.1 9.3 10.3 11.6 8.0 8.7 9.3 10.0 10.5 11.0 11.2 11.4 11.5 9.5 10.6 11.5 9.3 10.2 11.1 16.7 17.5 18.5 19.4 21.2 17.3 18.1 18.5 19.1 19.6 20.0 20.4 20.6 21.0 18.6 19.7 21.0 18.5 19.3 20.3 2.33 2.52 2.79 3.02 3.51 2.49 2.67 2.78 2.94 3.07 3.20 3.32 3.37 3.47 2.82 3.11 3.49 2.77 2.99 3.27 a From previously determined values of microviscosity of the polar shell of SDS micelles as a function of the aggregation number.2 b Calculated according to eqs 8 and 9 and using a shell thickness Rm Rc ) 5 Å. Figure 2. Fluorescence decay of pyrene in SDS micelles, [SDS] ) 50 mmol L-1, in the absence (1) and in the presence of the quenchers (2) 5DSE, (3) DMBP, and (4) C16PC at 25 °C. Curve 1 shows the data and the fit to a single-exponential decay. The three quenched decay data (dots) together with their least-squares fits (solid lines) to the Infelta-Tachiya model (eq 3) are purposely chosen to be at different quencher concentrations, 0.37, 0.50, and 0.7 mM, respectively, to separate the curves for clarity. values of Vshell for the various samples studied in this work. The respective values of the microviscosity obtained from ESR using 5DSE are also given. Published values of viscosity are available for methanol.38 The SES prediction for kq is tested for bulk liquid in Figure 3 and for micelles in Figure 4. The abscissas are given as 8RT[Q]/3000η for bulk and 8RTCQ/3000η for micelles. Thus the slope yields the quenching probability P. The solid lines in Figures 3 and 4 are fits to the data yielding P ) 0.9 in methanol and P ) 0.7 in SDS micelles. Two main remarkable points about the observed behavior of kq are that the data points for the different quenchers fall on the same line and that the slope is of the order of unity as expected of the SES equation (eq 2) for diffusion-controlled reactions. Discussion The linearity of the curve in Figure 3 shows that the SES describes the quenching rate constant rather well in bulk liquid Figure 3. Fluorescence quenching rate constant, kq, of pyrene due to (+) C16PC, (b) DMBP, ([) 5DSE, and (0) 16DSE in methanol at various temperatures (10-40 °C) versus 8RT[Q](3000η)-1. Linear leastsquares fit of the combined C16PC, DMBP, 5DSE, and 16DSE data obtained at the different temperatures to the Stokes-EinsteinSmoluchowski equation (eq 2) to a straight line yields a slope of 0.9. The dashed line is obtained when P ) 1. for the four different quenchers. The fact that the quenching probability is near unity shows that effective quenching occurs on each bimolecular encounter and that higher order corrections for nonspherical molecules, flexible molecules with the reaction center localized within the molecule, and even charged molecules are minor and can be neglected at the present level of precision.4 Quenching of pyrene by C16PC in water at 25 °C was investigated by Almgren and co-workers.39 Despite complications thought to be due to association of the fluorophore and quencher below the cmc of C16PC, a second-order quenching rate constant of 6.3 × 109 L/mol s was deduced from the variation of the decay constants with quencher concentration.39 Using η ) 0.0089 P for water at 25 °C,38 a quenching 10316 J. Phys. Chem. B, Vol. 107, No. 37, 2003 Figure 4. Fluorescence quenching rate constants, kq, of pyrene due to (+) C16PC, (O) DMBP, and ([) 5DSE in SDS micelles at 25 °C versus 8RTCQ(3000η)-1. Linear least-squares fits of the combined C16PC, DMBP, and 5-DSE data to the Stokes-Einstein-Smoluchowski equation (eq 2) yield straight line of slope 0.74. The dashed line is the theoretical line for a quenching probability of unity. probability of P ) 0.85 may be computed from eqs 1 and 7, in good agreement with the results in Figure 3. The data in Figure 4 show that indeed that the quenching rate constant of pyrene is almost independent of the nature of the quencher for the three quenchers studied in this work. This supports purpose 1 of the work, encouraging further work in which a wider variety of quenchers are chosen to test item 3 of the zero-order model. The data in Figure 4 are rather linear; however, for C16PC, there is a slight curvature concave downward. Furthermore, the data do not extrapolate to the origin, although due to the micelle sizes encountered in this study, the data fall rather far from the origin. Fitting the three sets of data to a straight line without constraining the fit to pass through the origin yields slopes of 0.6, 0.5, and 0.5 for C16PC, 5DSE, and DMBP, respectively. A straight line from the origin tangent to the lower data points for C16PC has a slope of 0.8. Therefore, despite the fact that the data do not seem not to tend exactly to the origin, as the SES requires (in Figure 4, the fit is constrained to pass through the origin), shows that, even in micelles, the SES describes the quenching rate constant rather well. A nonzero intercept has long been a problem in describing rotational motion of molecules even in bulk liquid as is discussed by Dote et al. and references therein.40 Given the limited systematic data that are presently available in micelles, it is premature to try to address whether a nonzero intercept can be understood by modest departures from the zero-order model. The slopes of the curves in Figure 4, if interpreted entirely as a quenching probability, yield P ) 0.7 ( 0.2, which already may be considered a success of the SES description. It is unlikely that the minor difference between P ) 0.7 and P ) 1, if it turns out to be significant in future work, may be attributed to a real decrease in the quenching probability upon collision. This is clear from the fact that the nitroxide group of 5DSE rotates rapidly (rotational correlation time <1 ns) and almost isotropically,41 so there is no reason to suspect that the pyrene5DSE colliding pair would behave any differently in the micelle than in a bulk liquid. The pyridinium group of the flexible molecule C16PC is also expected to rotate rapidly, while DMBP, being a rigid molecule, rotates more slowly. Nevertheless, all Ranganathan et al. three molecules quench pyrene at nearly the same rate. If there were to be some stearic hindrance to the quenching or orientational effects, we would expect the differences in the three quenchers to emerge in the micelles. The value of P ) 0.7 results from using the microviscosity derived for the rotational motion of 5DSE to the translational motion of pyrene and the quenchers. Using 5DSE as one of the quenchers has the obvious advantage of eliminating the uncertainty whether the microvisosity of the quencher and the spin probe are different. The fact that the microviscosity derived from rotational motion may be applied to translational motion was well established, even for complex fluids, by Buchachenko and co-workers.42 Thus, a nonunity slope in Figure 4 is not likely to be due to the use of incorrect values of the microviscosity. The importance of including the microviscosity in the SES was firmly established in studies of mixed micelles of SDS and a sugar-based nonionic surfactant.1 Good agreement was achieved by including the microviscosity and very poor agreement without it. First-Order Correction to the Zero-Order Model. In what follows we show that the observed small departure of P from unity can be rationalized by requiring just small departures from the zero-order model that are encompassed within the quantity CQ. At least two types of refinements are obvious. The first involves leaving intact the assumption that the quencher and pyrene diffuse through the same volume, but this volume is different from Vshell. In order for P to increase from 0.7 to 1.0, the diffusion volume would have to be 30% larger than that of Vshell. Studies of the hydration of the polar shell of SDS micelles25 and SDS micelles mixed with a nonionic sugar-based surfactant1 support the zero-order model. The experimentally observed volume percentage occupied by water is in excellent agreement with a simple theory based on the zero-order model.1,25 Only one parameter enters into the theory (either the shell thickness or the volume inaccessible to water due to the headgroup). Leaving this parameter fixed, the variation in micelle hydration is in excellent agreement with theory as the micelles grow under the influence of added salt or surfactant.25 Furthermore, upon insertion of a bulky sugar headgroup, the expected amount of expelled water is very nearly equal to the volume of the headgroup computed from molecular models. A detailed discussion and critical evaluation of the agreement between theory and experiment may be found in the published work of Bales et al.1,3,26 One criticism was that small excursions by 5DSE from the polar shell into the core and out into the water, were they to be of similar probability, would be difficult to detect since averaging 0% water in the core and 100% water outside the shell would result in about 50% water. Weighting the results25 with 50% water would change them very little. Thus, to maintain agreement between experimental and theoretical values of the micelle hydration, this volume increase must involve excursions of the two molecules more or less equally into the core and into the aqueous phase. We find that excursions of approximately 0.8 Å into the core and 0.8 Å out into the aqueous phase are sufficient to increase P from 0.7 to 1.0. Alternatively, we could suppose that the volumes through which pyrene and the quenchers diffuse are slightly different. Figure 5 shows a schematic of the core-shell model of a micelle of radius Rm having core radius Rc. A portion of the region of diffusive motion of two molecules is shown as two zones. Each zone extends symmetrically about the center of the micelle between a distance Rmin,i and Rmax,i (i )1,2 identifies the molecule) from the center; only a portion of each zone is shown for clarity. We simplify the discussion by assuming that each Bimolecular Collisions in Micelles J. Phys. Chem. B, Vol. 107, No. 37, 2003 10317 Figure 5. Schematic of the core-shell model of a micelle of radius Rm having core radius Rc, showing the region of diffusive motion of two molecules as two zones. Each zone extends symmetrically about the center of the micelle between a distance Rmin,i and Rmax,i (i ) 1, 2 identifies the molecule) from the center; only a portion of each zone is shown for clarity. molecule, i, may be found with equal probability at any point within its zone of volume Vzone,i and is not found outside that zone. Thus the probability that both molecules will be found in the volume of overlap and thus collide is just Voverlap2/ Vzone,1Vzone,2 and may be interpreted as the slope of the line in Figure 4. For the most general case, the probability is a somewhat complicated expression involving Rmin,i and Rmax,i (i ) 1, 2). To illustrate, we consider two simple cases. Suppose in case 1, zone 1 lies entirely within the polar shell displaced symmetrically from the two surfaces of the polar shell. Thus, Rmin,1 ) Rc + δ and Rmax,1 ) Rm - δ. Suppose that zone 2 extends beyond these two surfaces symmetrically by the same amount; i.e., Rmin,2 ) Rc - δ and Rmax,2 ) Rm + δ. It is straightforward to show that the probability is given by the following: P(case 1) ) ((Rm - δ)3 - (Rc + δ)3) ((Rm + δ)3 - (Rc - δ)3) (12) For δ ) 0, we have the zero-order approximation and eq 12 properly yields unity. The probability given in eq 12 decreases with δ, reaching P (case 1) ) 0.7 at δ ) 0.44 Å. Any core radius in the range Rc ) 16-22 Å, appropriate for an SDS micelle of aggregation number in the range N ) 50-120, taken together with a shell thickness of 5Å yields the same result within 1 part in 700. Thus, the probability computed for case 1 does not change appreciably with N. For case 2, suppose that both zones have thickness equal to that of the shell, 5 Å, and that one is displaced outward by δ and the other displaced inward by the same amount. Thus, Rmin,1 ) Rc + δ, Rmax,1 ) Rm + δ, Rmin,2 ) Rc - δ, and Rmax,2 ) Rm - δ. This yields P(case 2) ) ((Rm - δ)3 - (Rc + δ)3)2 ((Rm + δ)3 - (Rc + δ)3)((Rm - δ)3 - (Rc - δ)3) (13) Equation 13 yields a probability of 0.7 when δ ) 0.40 Å. The purpose of introducing cases 1 and 2 is to get an idea of how much displacement of the two zones is needed in order to reduce the probability from unity for the zero-order model to about 70%, which is observed experimentally. In both cases, and in others, including asymmetric displacements, a displacement of about 8-10% of the shell thickness is sufficient to reduce the probability by 30%. We are not yet able to propose a particular arrangement of the zones to account for the experimental results in SDS at 25 °C, but we do note that the zone for the spin probes must be consistent with the observed values of the polarity expressed as a percent of volume occupied by water.1,3,26,27 The problem of diffusion-controlled reactions in micelles has been addressed theoretically17,18,43-46 and experimentally in spherical and cylindrical micelles.12,47,48 These studies have concentrated on the roles of dimensionality and finite restricted media and the effect of the quenching mechanisms on reaction rates in model systems. The treatment in these microscopic models is basically along the lines of the Smoluchowski approach; that is, they rely on a hydrodynamic description of the reaction medium and solve the diffusion equation for the pair survival probability for several model situations as follows: (a) probe and quencher restricted to motion on the surface of a sphere, (b) probe fixed at the center of a sphere while the quencher moves freely in the volume, and (c) quencher fixed at the surface of a sphere while the probe moves freely in the volume. These are idealized conditions, not entirely physical. For particles diffusing on the surface of a sphere of radius Rs, model a, the results of the calculations for the first-order quenching rate constant in micelles may be summarized as11,15,18,46 kq ) γD Rs2 (14) where γ is of the order of unity and depends on the sizes of the micelle and the diffusing particle. The functional similarity of eq 14 to the 3-D expression of eq 2, namely, the direct proportionality to the diffusion constant and inverse proportionality to the size of the reaction domain, results in numerically similar values for kq calculated from eqs 2 and 14. Using typical values for γ between 0.3 and 0.517,18 and eq 6 employing probe and quencher radii of 3 Å, one may calculate values of kD that are 25-45% of those computed from eq 1. Hence not only the features of eq 14 but also the numerical values are close to the predictions of the SES. Therefore from the values of kq alone we cannot distinguish between the two equations. The main point here is that the use of the Stokes-Einstein expression for D in eq 5 eliminates the dependence on the type of quencher quite clearly and explains this essential feature of the experimental observations. Conclusions Using fluorescence quenching, a prototype of diffusioncontrolled reactions, in bulk liquid and micelles, we have shown that the reaction rate constant is independent of the nature of the colliding pair. The results as displayed by Figures 3 and 4 support a hydrodynamic description of collisions in bulk solvents as well as within the restricted region of the micelle. Use of the Stokes-Einstein equation for the mutual diffusion coefficient reveals the role of temperature and microviscosity in reaction rates in micelles explicitly. The quenching probability is near unity in bulk liquids and about 70% in SDS micelles. Acknowledgment. We gratefully acknowledge support from NIH/MBRS S06 GM48680-03. R.R. was granted some reassigned time by the College of Science and Mathematics and the Research and Sponsored Programs office of the California State University Northridge for conducting this research. References and Notes (1) Bales, B. L.; Ranganathan, R.; Griffiths, P. C. J. Phys. Chem. B 2001, 105 (31), 7465. 10318 J. Phys. Chem. B, Vol. 107, No. 37, 2003 (2) Ranganathan, R.; Peric, M.; Medina, R.; Garcia, U.; Bales, B. L.; Almgren, M. Langmuir 2001, 17, 6765. (3) Bales, B. L.; Zana, R. J. Phys. Chem. B 2002, 106 (8), 1926. (4) North, A. M. The Collisional Theory of Chemical Reactions in Liquids; John Wiley: New York, 1964. (5) Molin, Y. N.; Salikhov, K. M.; Zamaraev, K. I. Spin Exchange. Principles and Applications in Chemistry and Biology; Springer-Verlag: New York, 1980; Vol. 8. (6) Debye, P. Trans. Electrochem. Soc. 1942, 82, 265. (7) Reekmans, S.; Luo, H.; Van der Auweraer, M.; De Schryver, F. C. Langmuir 1990, 6, 628. (8) Coonen, Y.; Gelade´, E.; Van der Auweraer, M.; Vandendriessche, H.; De Schryver, F. C. J. Phys. Chem. 1983, 87, 1426. (9) Atik, S. S.; Kwan, C. L.; Singer, L. A. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1979, 101, 5696. (10) Spin Labeling: Theory and Applications; Berliner, L. J., Ed.; Academic Press: New York, 1976; Vol. 1. (11) Almgren, M. Kinetics of Excited-State Processes in Micellar Media. In Kinetics and Catalysis in Microheterogeneous Systems; Gra¨tzel, M., Kalyanasundaram, K., Eds.; Marcel Dekker: New York, 1991; p 63. (12) Almgren, M. AdV. Colloid Interface Sci. 1992, 41, 9. (13) Infelta, P. P.; Gra¨tzel, M.; Thomas, J. K. J. Phys. Chem. 1974, 78 (2), 190. (14) Tachiya, M. Chem. Phys. Lett. 1975, 33, 289. (15) Gehlen, M. H.; De Schryver, F. C. Chem. ReV. 1993, 93, 199. (16) Szabo, A. J. Phys. Chem. 1989, 93, 6929. (17) Van der Auweraer, M.; Dederen, J. C.; Gelade´, E.; De Schryver, F. C. J. Chem. Phys. 1981, 74 (2), 1140. (18) Sano, H.; Tachiya, M. J. Chem. Phys. 1981, 75, 2870. (19) Chandrasekhar, S. Stochastic Problems in Physics and Astronomy. In Selected Papers on Noise and Stochastic Processes; Wax, N., Ed.; Dover: New York, 1954; p 3. (20) Dederen, J. C.; Van der Auweraer, M.; De Schryver, F. C. J. Phys. Chem. 1981, 85, 1198. (21) Van der Auweraer, M.; Dederen, C.; Palmans-Windels, C.; De Schryver, F. C. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1982, 104, 1800. (22) Hartley, G. S. Aqueous Solutions of Parrifin-Chain Salts; Hermann and Cie: Paris, 1936. (23) Hartley, G. S. J. Chem. Soc. 1938, 1968. (24) Halle, B.; Carlstro¨m, G. J. Phys. Chem. 1981, 85, 2142. Ranganathan et al. (25) Bales, B. L.; Messina, L.; Vidal, A.; Peric, M.; Nascimento, O. R. J. Phys. Chem. B 1998, 102, 10347. (26) Bales, B. L.; Howe, A. M.; Pitt, A. R.; Roe, J. A.; Griffiths, P. C. J. Phys. Chem. B 2000, 104, 264. (27) Bales, B. L.; Shahin, A.; Lindblad, C.; Almgren, M. J. Phys. Chem. B 2000, 104, 256. (28) Almgren, M.; Grieser, F.; Thomas, J. K. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1979, 101, 279. (29) Cabane, B.; Duplessix, R.; Zemb, T. J. Phys. 1985, 46, 2161. (30) Alonso, E. O.; Quina, F. H. Langmuir 1995, 11 (7), 2459. (31) Benamor, M.; Aguersif, N.; Draa, M. T. J. Pharm. Biomed. Anal. 2001, 26, 151. (32) Vasilescu, M.; Anghel, D. F.; Almgren, M.; Hansson, P. Langmuir 1997, 13, 6951. (33) Quina, F. H.; Nassar, P. M.; Bonilha, J. B. S.; Bales, B. L. J. Phys. Chem. 1995, 99, 17028. (34) Ranganathan, R.; Tran, L.; Bales, B. L. J. Phy. Chem. B 2000, 104, 2260. (35) Almgren, M.; Swarup, S. J. Phys. Chem. 1982, 86, 4212. (36) Hayter, J. B.; Penfold, J. Colloid Polym. Sci. 1983, 261, 1022. (37) Triolo, R.; Caponetti, E.; Graziano, V. J. Phys. Chem. 1985, 89, 5743. (38) Vargaftik, N. B. Tables on the Thermophysical Properties of Liquids and Gases; Hemisphere Publishing: Washington, 1975. (39) Almgren, M.; Wang, K.; Asakawa, T. Langmuir 1997, 13, 4535. (40) Dote, J.; Kivelson, D.; Schwartz, R. N. J. Phys. Chem. 1981, 85, 2169. (41) Bales, B. L.; Stenland, C. J. Phys. Chem. 1993, 97, 3418. (42) Buchachenko, A. L.; Wasserman, A. M.; Kovarskii, A. L. Intl. J. Chem. Kinet. 1969, 1, 361. (43) Hatlee, M. D.; Kozak, J. J.; Rothenberger, G.; Infelta, P. P.; Gratzel, M. J. Phys. Chem. 1980, 84, 1508. (44) Van der Auweraer, M.; De Schryver, F. C. Chem. Phys. 1987, 111, 105. (45) Barzykin, A. V.; Seki, K.; Tachiya, M. J. Phys. Chem. B 1999, 103, 6881. (46) Barzykin, A. V.; Seki, K.; Tachiya, M. AdV. Colloid Interface Sci. 2001, 89-90, 47. (47) Alsins, J.; Almgren, M. J. Phys. Chem. 1990, 94, 3062. (48) Almgren, M.; Alsins, J. Isr. J. Chem. 1991, 31, 159.
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Record: 6-4, .600 W-L% (43rd of 110)
Conference: SEC ▪ Conference Record: 4-4 (Schedule and Results)
Coach: Darrell Royal (6-4)
PS/G: 17.3 (53rd of 110) ▪ PA/G: 14.2 (51st of 110)
SRS: 6.05 (39th of 110) ▪ SOS: 3.85 (38th of 110)
We do not have complete stats for this school at this time. However, please check out the school's roster page, where you will find a list of starters and key contributors as well as partial stats for the passing, rushing, and receiving leaders. If you have complete stats for this school and would like to share them with us, please let us know.


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Day of Adoration of the Blessed Sacrament with Meditations on the Rosary and Divine Mercy Chaplet at Our Lady of the Adirondacks House of Prayer, Ellenburg Center, August 7, 10 a.m.-7 p.m.
Come for an hour or stay all day to spend time with the Lord in the Blessed Sacrament. Rosary and mediation at 10 a.m., noon, 2 p.m., and 6 p.m. Divine Mercy Chaplet at 3 p.m. Please feel free to bring a bag lunch. For more information email email@example.com or call 518-594-3253.
Our Lady of the Adirondacks House of Prayer , Ellenburg Center, New York View Map


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March 2012 – Israeli and American politicians and media figures claim that Iran either has or is building a nuclear weapon. Iranian officials claim all of their nuclear efforts are aimed at energy production.
But is Iran really building a nuclear weapon or are its activities peaceful? And would Israel really attack Iran's nuclear facilities? We examine a dispute taking place against much sabre-rattling but in which the truth is hard to pin down.


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Joe Schreibvogel "Joe Exotic"
Joe Exotic In the News
Life is not what it use to be for
Joe Exotic
since he co-stared in his first movie in London. Life is moving pretty fast pace for this new rising star in the film industry. Signing contracts for foreign films and now for his own series, this just might be the next major animal actor on the big screen.
Hosting his own show on www.exoticanimaltv.com 6 days a week, while filming nearly 70 other days a year, it is quite a new fast paced life.
all over the country are asking to be in the new productions Joe will be starring in which are produced by Wolf Mountain Media Group.
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The Regent of Badung, AA Gde Agung, officially opened the sixth Badung Cultural Festival (FSBB) in the outermost courtyard of the Lingga Bhuwana Temple on Thursday (Nov 1). The event was intended to brush up and preserve the culture as a form of government's care about the art and life of the artists and their creativity.
"The festival is an open space for young people to work and show off their creativity," said the Regent Gde Agung in his speech. The festival itself, he explained, posed a form of effort in preparing the human resources with an ethics, character and impact to the community.
In addition, the festival was in line with the five principles of development in Badung Regency in the effort to preserve the culture (Pro Culture). "We strongly support the implementation of FSBB coupled with the third anniversary of the Badung capital, Mangupura," he said.
Through the FSBB, the Regent hoped it could increase the cultural creativity and the art workers creativity. "Besides, it is also capable of motivating young people to love their sublime arts and culture," he added. Meanwhile, the Head of Badung Culture Agency, Ida Bagus Anom Bhasma serving as Chairman of the Organizing Committee reported that FSBB activity was an event to show off the artistic talent born in Badung. "On that account, the theme highlighted is 'Bhawadnyana Kriyadiguna Januraga' meaning that let's show off our self-creativity armed with the spirit and perseverance," he said.
The competition held to jazz up the event consisted of baleganjur gamelan music (children, youth and general category), Balinese pop song (children and teenager category), Angklung Kebyar and Gong Kebyar (children, women and adults) presenting the envoy of each subdistrict, the contest of penjor as well as Parva Workshop by the Badung artists.
The event attended by the officials, leaders, artists and the public were also graced with an painting exhibition by artists from the Badung Regency and filled with Bonsai exhibition. "There are also performances of traditional arts every night from each subdistrict throughout Badung. Especially for the competition, it will take place until November 16," he said. (BTN/015)


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UA will have the choice of blue over blue, red over white or its typical blue over white in its new home uniforms, and have the choice of white over white or white over blue on the road. The new Nike designs include some contrasting color swaths across the lower back of the jerseys, among other embellishments.
Senior offensive guard Kili Lefotu turned television intern for awhile, conducting some interviews for the local CBS affiliate, including a segment with coach Mike Stoops. When asked about the offensive line, Stoops joked to the camera it was going pretty well, except at Lefotu's position.
UA moved its afternoon practice from 6 p.m. to 2:30 in hopes of continuing to avoid
Fall Camp Practice No. 3
The Wildcats returned to the practice field Saturday afternoon for their third practice of fall camp at the Rincon Vista complex. The coaches continued to stress fundamentals as the players put on shoulder pads for the first time.
The team continued to work on basic individual drills, special teams, and went through two half-hour segments of 11-on-11 that focused primarily on pass offense and pass defense. Sophomore quarterback Richard Kovalcheck continued to take the majority of the snaps, with junior Adam Austin and freshman Willie Tuitama also seeing action.
After spending part of the morning media session as a news reporter, Lefotu returned to his more natural role as an offensive guard. Following practice, he commented on the adjustment of putting on the shoulder pads for the first time all summer.
"It was definitely a little hotter today with the pads on. You feel a bit heavier, but we got in a lot of good work. We might be a little bit sore, but we worked hard this summer so this isn't bad."
The team will receive a day off tomorrow before returning to the practice field on Monday. The workout is scheduled for 6 p.m., but could be moved up to earlier in the afternoon to avoid the monsoon thunderstorms.


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On Health Care and the Constitution: When Does the High Court Step In?
We're resisting the impulse to dig too deeply into the 11th Circuit's opinion striking down the Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act for a couple reasons.
Not only is the ruling over 300 pages long, but, from where we sit, little within those pages actually matters. What matters is this: That a federal appellate court has ruled that the PPACA, the centerpiece of President Barack Obama's domestic agenda, violates the U.S. Constitution. As we wrote earlier, the ruling sets up a circuit split, all but guaranteeing that the U.S. Supreme Court will have the final word on the law.
To get a little more on the possible endgame to all this, we checked in earlier Friday with Bradley Joondeph, a law professor at Santa Clara University. For months now, Joondeph, who specializes in tax and Constitutional law (and has a Supreme Court clerkship under his belt (Justice Sandra Day O'Connor)), has been running a blog devoted exclusively to the mass of health-care litigation playing out throughout the country.
We gave him a call to talk not about the merits of the case, but simply to find out how this unfolds from here.
Hi Brad, thanks so much for taking the time. It's a Friday in August. We're sure you have better things to do.
No problem.
So tell us about the importance of this ruling. Does it guarantee that the U.S. Supreme Court will get involved?
I think so. I think the only way that doesn't happen is if the entire 11th Circuit agrees to hear the case, and reverses the ruling that came down today. I think that chance is slight, but it's there.
If that happened, the circuit split would disappear, right?
Right. But short of that happening, I think it will go up. You just can't have a situation in which a federal law of this significance is unconstitutional in some parts of the country, but unconstitutional in other parts. You just can't have it.
It's interesting because I think before today's ruling, there was a growing sense that maybe this wouldn't go to the Supreme Court. I sensed this especially after the 6th Circuit's ruling in June upholding the law, with a well-regarded Republican appointee (Judge Jeffrey Sutton) "crossing party lines" to uphold the law. I got the sense that if just one more appellate court upheld the law, the Supreme Court might not have gotten involved. Did you share that feeling?
I did. There was a growing possibility that this wasn't going to go up. Without a circuit split, it's an entirely different matter. I think that [Chief Justice John] Roberts and [Justice Anthony] Kennedy would have hesitated, possibly worrying about the "optics" of the court looking too aggressive, like it was overstepping its reach. I don't think it would have caused consternation among all the justices, but I do think it might have worried Roberts and Kennedy.
Really? You don't think other justices who might have been inclined to strike down the law would have been troubled by such a move?
Well, I think that Justices [Antonin] Scalia, [Clarence] Thomas and [Samuel] Alito have slightly different approaches. They seem to see things as right and wrong, and when something is wrong, it's the court's job to right the ship, at least on a question like this. That's just how they approach their job. It's not ideological, necessarily, but just a different approach. Roberts and Kennedy tend to think about the role of the court as an institution and how a move viewed by some as interventionist might affect the court's long-term legitimacy and power.
Okay. So what happens now? The Thomas More Law Center has asked the court to hear its appeal of the 6th Circuit ruling, which went in the other direction. Does the Supreme Court grant it's cert petition?
I think it's really really hard to know.
I think that today's ruling makes it more likely that the court will take the Thomas More case. Absolutely. But the court could just as easily decide to wait. It could say 'Look, this is an extremely divisive issue — much like the situation in Bush v. Gore — and there are going to be some people who are really really upset with whatever we do, so not eagerly jump in. Let's wait to see if we get further clarity from a full panel on the 11th Circuit, etc.'
I really think either one would be a perfectly logical response.
At the same time, the Obama administration has some influence on the timing as well.
Absolutely. The court nearly always grants cert when the U.S. government asks it to after a federal law has been struck down. So if the Obama administration wants this settled quickly, we might see them not putting up much fight to Thomas More's request to hear the case soon. At the same time, it could try to drag things out by asking the 11th Circuit to hear the case en banc.
We could get a clue on the Justice Department's position soon; it has to respond to the Thomas More cert petition by August 29.
What are the administration's considerations?
I think it's a double-edged sword for the administration. On the one hand, you could see why it would want a decision to come after the 2012 election. If the decision comes before, it's hard to see how the administration wins, regardless of how the Supreme Court rules. If the court upholds the law, the Republican base gets energized four months before the election. If it gets struck down, well, there go the guts of the centerpiece of Obama's domestic agenda. Neither of these things seem all that appetizing.
And if it gets pushed off until after the election?
Well, then you might have a different administration! If it gets pushed out too far, you might have a Romney administration saying, 'Hey, we don't want to defend this law,' and walking away from any serious attempt to do so.
I also think that a Republican victory in 2012 would make it easier for the court to strike it down.
I do. I think it's just the way it works, that the court will have in the back of its mind that it's an unpopular law. Look at it the other way: If polls showed that 85 percent of the U.S. thought the law was a good idea, you wouldn't have the Randy Barnetts of the world running around saying that the Commerce Clause argument [in favor of invalidating the law] is a good one. Who has the levers of power can be very important in the context of the Supreme Court.
In your opinion, at the earliest, how likely are we to get a decision from the Supreme Court?
Possibly April or May of next year. That would require the justices granting cert on the Thomas More case at their conference in late September. Arguments would likely take place in January, and a decision could come down in the spring. Though it'd be more likely to come down at the end of June, at the end of the term, than in April or May.
Do you think that's likely to happen?
I'd say right now, it's the leader in the clubhouse — probably the most likely scenario, yes.
There are other challenges out there, like two pending in the 4th Circuit. Are those rendered meaningless now?
I think so. They're pretty much irrelevant now. One of the Virginia challenges got out of the gate quickly, but neither of them have a lot of states involved like the 11th Circuit case, and neither presents the Medicaid question. So I don't see why the Supreme Court would wait for those. They really don't offer anything at this point.
The only other challenge that could possibly make a difference is one pending at the D.C. Circuit. The panel on that case is star-studded. It's [judges] Harry Edwards, Laurence Silberman, and Brett Kavanaugh. So there's a possibility they wait to see the opinions that come out of that ruling, but I think it's a remote possibility that they wait to grant certiorari in that case.
We mentioned earlier Friday that [George Washington University law professor] Orin Kerr recently predicted that the Supreme Court would uphold the law with at least 6 votes. Are you willing to put your neck out on the line, give us your prediction on how this ultimately ends?
I think it's pretty clear there are four votes to uphold. And I think that Justices Thomas, Alito and Scalia will likely vote to strike the law. That leaves Roberts and Kennedy.
And how do they vote?
In their heart of hearts, I think both will likely be inclined to think the law is unconstitutional.
But it's going to be a huge gut check for Roberts. From the moment he was confirmed as Chief Justice, he's seemed keenly interested in his legacy, and this case will in all likelihood be a not insignificant part of his legacy.
Is this a case where Roberts views the heroic move as vindicating deeper constitutional principles? Or does he say regardless of what I think, this is an opportunity for me to show the average American that the Supreme Court is not about partisan politics? That is, it's about something other than that. That's one message that might be gleaned from a Republican-controlled Supreme Court upholding the law, and in so doing defying a big part of the Republican Party's platform.
In other words, just how badly does Roberts want to purge any bad taste in the country's mind that lingers after Bush v. Gore?
What an unbelievably fascinating case.
It is. It's like an entire law school course wrapped up in one case!
Well, thanks for taking the time.
It was my pleasure.