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I am convinced about this, directly from the definition, but I found it strange that I could not find a reference. Every field of characteristic zero contains $\mathbb{Q}$ and hence given and natural number $n$ and any element field element, say $g$, we can write $f=g*\frac{1}{n}$ and then, $nf=g$. Am I doing something wrong here?
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(To remove this from "unanswered".)
No, you are right. Every $\mathbb{Q}$-algebra, including every ring containing $\mathbb{Q}$ as a (unital) subring (with the same unity), is a divisible group precisely because it contains an element that behaves like $\tfrac{1}{n}$.
More generally an $R$-algebra is an $R$-module, which gives information on the additive structure of the algebra. A $\mathbb{Q}$-module is a vector space over $\mathbb{Q}$, and so must be a direct sum of copies of $\mathbb{Q}$, and so is a divisible, torsion-free abelian group.
A similar argument shows that every ring of characteristic p has an additive group that is a direct sum of copies of $\mathbb{Z}/p\mathbb{Z}$ and so is divisible by every integer coprime to p.
Oddly a (unital, associative) algebra with a divisible additive group must in fact a torsion-free divisible additive group and be a $\mathbb{Q}$-algebra. Some proofs are given as answers to this question, but your argument will work just as well here in reverse.


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Equal parts nutritious and delicious. This bar has real oats and cinnamon drops with a delicious icing drizzle. Perfect for any snacking occasion
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Healthy never looked so good! Become a member to access all of our delicious recipes, weight-loss tools, expert advice from our nutritionists and fitness coaches, community support, and much more!

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Nurulfitah - posted on 01/25/2010 ( 24 moms have responded )
My 5 yrs old daughter still cannot talk properly. The only word came out from her mouth 'mimi' for milk, 'mamam' for eat, mama and abah (dad). I did sent her for speech therapy but it seems not working. Pls I really need help. Child at her age suppose to go to pre-school.
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John Langan's English Essentials offers guidance through the grammar, punctuation, and usage skills needed for success in college and beyond. In short, English Essentials is an efficient, accessible, and helpful guide to mastering practical English skills.


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FMDH Trains Archambeault, Reddy About Act
October 30, 2013 | Vol. 100, No. 43
Frances Mahon Deaconess Hospital has recently trained "Navigators" Terry Reddy and Arleen Archambeault to answer questions on the Affordable Care Act and help uninsured community members sign up for new insurance plans.
Navigators are individuals who have undergone training on the Affordable Care Act and how to educate the public on new health care plans. With assistance from a federal grant, the FMDH navigators are trained to offer in-person assistance to anyone in the area who needs to sign up for health insurance. Navigators also assist the public in preparing applications for insura...
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Don't miss out. Stay Informed. Get EcoWatch's Top News of the Day.
This article was originally published by NationSwell, a website dedicated to sharing the stories of innovative Americans who are working to move the country forward.
When Brad Pitt isn't jet-setting from one exotic movie location to another and being a dad of six, he actually has some time to run a non-profit.
His organization, Make It Right, is most notable for building 150 sustainable (though slightly controversial) homes in Louisiana's Lower Ninth Ward post-Hurricane Katrina.
Now, they're making it right at Fort Deck, MT, home to the Sioux and the Assiniboine nations. According to an announcement, the non-profit has partnered with the tribes to build 20 super green homes for residents whose income levels are at or below 60 percent the area's mean income, with a percentage of the homes reserved for seniors and disabled veterans.
Additionally, through a Low Income Housing Tax Credit Rent-to-Own program, residents will actually buy their homes after 15 years of renting.
These LEED Platinum, solar-powered homes will have three or four bedrooms and two or three bathrooms each, and built with certified Cradle-to-Cradle vendors, which means they're developed responsibly and use reclaimed materials. It's certainly a big improvement from some of the current homes on the reservation, which are rife with black mold and structural problems, resulting in high utility bills due to inefficient design.
The design team includes Make It Right staff, architects from Architecture for Humanity, GRAFT, Living Homes, Method Homes, Sustainable Native Communities Collaborative and William McDonough + Partners and low-income homeownership experts from Neighborworks America.
Pages: 1 • 2


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The state is investigating 200 gas stations for price gouging in the wake of Hurricanes Gustav and Ike last fall.
So far, nine stations across the state have been fined for inflating prices when gas was scarce in September and October. Some of the stations simply have to refund money to customers who can prove with a receipt they bought gas during the gouging, while others have to pay up to $5,000 in fines to the state.
The state received about 2,000 complaints from residents, some alleging stations charged them as much as $9.99 a gallon. Under state law, businesses have to prove that they were making the same profit with their elevated prices as they were prior to Gov. Sonny Perdue activating the anti-gouging statutes Sept. 12.
Governor's Office of Consumer Affairs: http://consumer.georgia.gov/
(Copyright 2009 by The Associated Press. All Rights Reserved.)


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Online Games
Play and learn with your child online! Our online learning games are a fun way to spend quality time with your child. You may want to preview a few of them first to see which online learning activities are most appropriate for your infant, toddler, or preschooler ... and which games are so much fun your child will want to play them again and again!


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Mike2DMaxx4 has been a member of MMGN since Oct 29 2008.
PSN ID: Mike2DMaxx4
Hey I'm Michael, I'm 19 and studying Graphic Design
Love my gaming and interested in all sorts of media. I own a PS3, 3DS, PSVita, PSP, PC and iPhone for iOS Apps =D
Mike2DMaxx4 has 70 Medals
mikerulz8 said: mikerulz8 has earned the power of 'friendship' with capt_oats
mikerulz8 said: Nice (Y) Ramzez I can't show you how big mine yet some people will get a bit horny
Morgan1219 said: LOL Ramzez your funny. A bit of an understatement from what i heard


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Kelly Twins - Scott, Mark - Help Gauge Effects of Space Travel
Astronaut Scott will soon start one year in space; scientists will compare him with earthbound twin Mark.
Astronaut Scott will soon start one year in space; scientists will compare him with earthbound twin Mark.
The Friday Business Report features AZPM's Zac Ziegler and Inside Tucson Business Editor Thelma Grimes.
Metropia's maker came out of UA business incubator
People with Parkinson's disease find physical and emotional benefits with exercise.
Those using ride-for-hire apps would need insurance beyond personal plan
Most of state still in moderate to severe categories drought; small Rockies snow pack remains chief worry.
Robotic lettuce thinner in Yuma's winter fields can do work of 60-member crew in one day.
Partnership with Department of Child Safety could break down bureaucratic obstacles.
Agents holdings regular meetings with immigrants with goal of reducing crossings, deaths in desert.
Number of homes sold jumps after slow January; more improvement expected this month.
Education and business leaders discuss facts vs. myths, as state considers scuttling guidelines.
Former Douglas city manager, Cochise County administrator, UA graduate will start in June.
Four teams taking part in event's first year in Tucson
On March 14, 2015 at 9:26 a.m. and 53 seconds, the first 10 numbers of pi will be in perfect order.
New budget sets aside $74M; judge ordered $331M paid under constitutional amendment.
Mystery writer, coming to Tucson Festival of Books, had to overcome gender discrimination at UA.
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In case you hadn't noticed, it's beginning to look a lot like Christmas.
A record snow this past weekend helped usher winter into the area and cool temperatures, coupled with as much as 18 inches of snow in some parts of Bedford County, are likely to mean a white Christmas Friday.
Don Stinnette enjoys decorating for Christmas. And if he can help make someone else's holiday a little brighter by doing it, that's all the better.
That's what led him, and a couple of friends, to put up a 30-foot high Christmas light display in his back yard this year .
"I enjoy Christmas so much," Stinnette said. "Maybe somebody else can get some enjoyment out of (the display) too."
A challenge by Forest Middle School civics teachers resulted in their students collecting 1,720 non-perishable food items in five school days.
"We teach children about helping the community for the common good," said Rhonda Luckie, one of the three civics teachers involved.
"We simply challenged the students," commented Cori Fairchaild, another teacher.
Runk & Pratt has completed moving all the residents from its Bedford facility to its new facility in Westlake Towne Center, located off Scruggs Road, on the Franklin County side of Smith Mountain Lake. Twenty-eight residents made the move.
According to Vickie Runk, one of Runk & Pratt's owners, this consolidation was part of the plan when design work began on the new facility four years ago. The Smith Mountain Lake facility was completed in October, 2008.
As if dealing with this weekend's record snowstorm wasn't enough, city of Bedford public works employees also had to deal with a major water line break that occurred Saturday.
Although the break was repaired by early Sunday, water tanks and lines were drained, which meant residents woke up Sunday morning with low water pressure, if any at all.
By late afternoon, the tanks reached normal levels and allowed for gradual improvement in water pressure throughout the city.
And it came to pass in those days, that there went out a decree from Caesar Augustus that all the world should be taxed.
(And this taxing was first made when Cyrenius was governor of Syria.)
And all went to be taxed, every one into his own city.
And Joseph also went up from Galilee, out of the city of Nazareth, into Judaea, unto the city of David, which is called Bethlehem; (because he was of the house and lineage of David:)
About the parade
I am writing to express my opinion on the cancellation of the Christmas Parade. As how good or bad the parade would have been, I have been going as long as I can recall as I am almost 61 years young.
I know that there is a lot of work put into the floats and etc. and to just cancel altogether is a joke.
What in the world would have been wrong with the next day or next week? You can have a parade any night or day, can't you?
As this year winds to a close, I continue to focus on economic recovery and the fiscal discipline to bring our deficit under control.
First, I have once again signed on as co-sponsor of a measure to block members of Congress from receiving automatic pay increases, this time for the 2011 fiscal year. On January 7, 2009 — the day after being sworn into office — I co-sponsored H.R. 156, which blocked the automatic pay increase for FY2010. The measure was successfully adopted by congressional leaders over the summer.
This is a blessed season marked by the company of family and friends, a child-like anticipation of presents under the tree, and perhaps even the hope of a midnight snowfall. It is a season rooted in traditions and celebrations of all kinds.
Like all of my colleagues in the Democratic Party, I voted in favor of proceeding to debate the proposed health- care reform legislation. I have yet to decide whether I will support final passage of the bill.
Copyright © 2016
The Bedford Bulletin is your source for local news, sports, events, and information in Bedford County and Bedford, VA and the surrounding area.


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iSpeech releases virtual Bush and Obama talking heads, available for the iPhone and Android.
"We're working on paying it," says the South Florida Tea Party chairman. "We don't have the money right now, but we're good at paying our bills."
"We must pay down the national debt! Debt will be the downfall of the Republic! Wait, we've been in debt for the better part of 200 years? Oh. Um..."
It may have looked like it, but what people don't seem to know is that the Vice President happens to have specially-made see-through eyelids.
Feel broke yet? No? This might help: The Congressional Budget Office 2011 Budget and Economic Outlook forecasts the budget deficit to increase to $1.5 trillion this year.
We're at $14 trillion and counting. Here's where we're headed.


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saturday morning baking
August 25, 2012
Well, not technically baking I suppose, since these don't need to go in the oven. Three ingredients. What could be more simple? Or delicious? : )
Recipe here.
Happy weekend x
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The good times are in full-blossom this weekend with the 59th Annual Apple Blossom Festival. Sponsored by the Adams County Fruit Grower's Association, this year's event will take place today and tomorrow, May 3 and 4 from 9 a.m. to 5 p.m. at the South Mountain Fairgrounds, in Biglerville.
Come out and enjoy two straight days of family-friendly fun and plenty to see and do including tons of stuff for children. There will be plenty of on-site crafts vendors, demonstrations, activities, live entertainment and music and something for the entire family. Delight in decadent wine, chocolate and cheese tastings, all weekend long. For the car enthusiast, there will be antique corvettes and other classic cars to check out at the fairgrounds along with antique tractors and Hit & Miss Gasoline engines.
Children will enjoy pony rides and shows, a petting zoo, magic shows, puppet shows, moon bounces, games—the opportunities are endless. There is a designated Kids Play Area.
How do you feel about a little friendly competition? If you so desire, you'll have several opportunities to take part in showing off your skills at this year's event with the chance to bob for apples and/or compete in an apple pie eating contest. Children can even take part in a coloring contest. Also, back by popular demand for this year's event is the ever-popular Crunch Quest Scavenger Hunt.
There will even be on-going guided farm and orchard tours. You are invited to ride along on a bus tour through 20,000 acres of fruit orchards laden with lush, fragrant scents of fruit blossoms. For a more historical experience, join local historian, Deb McCauslin as she leads you in one of the on-going Historic Yellow Hill Tours. Here you will learn about the Underground Railroad and all about Mary Jemison, who was captured by and lived amongst Native Americans.
The entertainment schedule for this year's festival boasts several popular choices. Some include: Creekside Soul, the Carroll County Cloggers, Borderline, Flashback, the Gettysburg Dance Center, the Klinger McFry Band, Puppen Meister, the Biglerville High School Jazz Band and several others. Also, don't forget the judging of the Apple Queen and special coronation ceremony is scheduled to take place on Sunday. The judging will be at 11:30 a.m. followed by the coronation at 2:30 p.m.
The Annual Apple Blossom Festival is a tradition dating back almost six decades and is always held the first weekend in May. Come out and make this an annual springtime tradition for you and your family. South Mountain Fairgrounds is located at 615 Narrows Road, Biglerville, PA 17307. Admission into the Apple Blossom Festival is just $5. Children under 12 are free. Parking is free. For more information, visit www.appleblossomfestival.info.


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Mark Thomas
These "cakes" are really festive cookies.
Leave a Review
Easy and delicious! I used almond meal instead of pecans, and added 2 tbsp of vegetable oil to compensate for the dryness of the meal. Used a bit more cinnamon than called for. They display beautifully on a colorful plate.
These were disappointing..way too much sugar..used my mom's old tried and true
We make these for winter parties all the time. They look fantastic, taste even better, and are always gone quickly. And I did not alter the recipe.
Good but I've had better Mexican Wedding cookies. These definitely lack salt.
these are sooooo good and easy to make. everyone loves them and they keep well.
These are melt in your mouth! I put a "surprise" chocolate kiss in the middle. Just wrap the dough around the kiss and bake as directed. They become sinful!
My family requests these mouth watering cookies every year. I make one with almond base, a second with vanilla.
Perfect! Especially if you use salted butter...it just enhances the sweetness and richness.
I halved the recipe, added some salt since I only had I salted butter, and used KAF glazing sugar instead of confectioner's...no cornstarch in the glazing sugar. Next time, will try using einkorn flour to make them wheat-free and double up on the vanilla.
Hello. I have tried many versiones of this cookie as I am mexican ans I live in México City. Truly they tend to be very buttery, so does this recipe, so I changed it a bit: I reduced the butter to 3/4 cup (1 1/2 sticks)and I add 1 cup of whole wheat flour and 1 cup all purpose flour. They come out a bit drier but crispier and there is no need to put the dough in the refigerator.


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Athletics Home
Sports in the News
End of An Era: Former AD, Winningest Football Coach Among 5 Retiring From PCC Athletics
It what marks the end of a significant era in Pasadena City College athletics, five long-time faculty members announced their retirement from the college's Kinesiology, Health & Athletics Division, effective June 30.
Skip Robinson, a former athletic director and a two-time, state champion track and field coach, Dennis Gossard, the school's all-time coaching wins leader in football, Bob Owens, a former assistant football coach, Greg Smith, once a head women's basketball coach, and Jessie Moore, an instructor and representative for the division in the Academic Senate, are among 42 faculty members school-wide retiring from PCC.
These five combined to make up nearly 160 years of service to the college's athletics area, the most being 41 years served by Robinson. A member of the PCC Sports Hall of Fame (2002 class) as a JC All-American defensive back on the 1966 state champion Lancers, Robinson played football and earned two degrees at USC. He returned to PCC as an assistant football coach in 1970, and was named a full-time, coach-instructor in 1971.
As an assistant, he coached on two bowl champion teams and two JC Grid-Wire national champion squads (1972 and 1974). In '74, he was named men's head track and field coach and flourished at the position until 1989. In that time, Robinson coached the Lancers to two state team titles in 1978 and 1984. He was a four-time conference coach of the year and was state coach of the year in 1979.
Three of his former track and field athletes joined him in the PCC Sports Hall of Fame--Anthony Miller, Eric Thomas, and Kenny Hays, who was inducted earlier this year and holds the longest standing record in California Community College state meet history in the long jump. Miller and Thomas went on to successful careers in the National Football League.
Besides later coaching both the cross country team (1986-1991) and men's golf team (1990-1997), Robinson would become the college's first African-American athletic director in 1996. He served a dual role as AD and dean of the athletics division until 2007 when he returned to teaching during his final years here. As the leader of the division, Robinson was involved in the planning of brand new sports facilities in 1999. Robinson Stadium (named after Pasadena Junior College greats Jackie and Mack Robinson), Hutto-Patterson Gymnasium, and the Aquatic Center all were opened for use that year.
Gossard was a fixture in PCC football coaching history. He served three different stints as head football coach (1987-1994, 2005, and in 2010) and he was an on-field assistant every other year since 1979 (except for 1995). Last year, he became the winningest head coach in Lancers gridiron history, finishing with 53 career victories. His 10 years as head coach is the longest run by any PCC football coach since the college began playing football in 1925.
As head coach, Gossard directed the 1990 Orange County Bowl and 1992 Rose City Classic Bowl champion teams. He was an assistant on the 2001 Mission Conference champions. As a head coach, more than 150 of his players earned scholarships at 4-year universities. Darick Holmes, Ray Ethridge, and Charles Mincy were players that went on to the NFL after playing for Gossard.
Beginning in 1984, Smith served 14 years as a PCC head women's basketball coach. His was a co-head coach to Joe Peron his final two years, then became Peron's top assistant coach during a Lancers' run of six straight State Final 8 appearances. In 1997-98, Smith helped coach PCC to its first conference title in the sport. In his final coaching season as an assistant, Smith went out on top as the 2008-2009 Lancers captured the first-ever state title in PCC women's sports history. Smith also saw one of his players enter the PCC Sports Hall of Fame as Chris Zboril (1992-94) was a part of the 2011 class.
As an instructor, Smith introduced aerobic spinning classes to the college.
Owens, who once was the interim head football coach at Arizona State University, spent 10 seasons as an assistant coach for the Lancers. He joined the PCC staff in 1991. As an instructor, he taught many different health classes. Owens practiced what he preached as he has participated in many triathlons and duathlons. He was a member of the U.S. National Triathlon team in the 70s-and-over division. Like Robinson, Owens attended PCC first as a student-athlete, playing on the 1956 Lancers football team.
Moore spent 38 years as a PCC instructor, the longest such tenure by a woman in the athletic division. She served as a women's athletic director, and taught many P.E. theory classes. Moore's work enhanced new curriculum that has allowed today's PCC students to earn AA degrees in kinesiology.
Another retiree from the languages division also has a connection to PCC athletics. Nicholas "Nick" Martin coached the men's water polo team for more than a quarter century, ending in the early 1990s. He was a national sports hero in his home country of Hungary, playing on the 1952 and 1956 Olympic gold medal winning teams. Martin coached Lancer John Siman (1973), who would go on to play on the silver medal-winning U.S. Olympic water polo team in 1984.
Release Date: 06/17/11
SERVICE ALERT: PCC will be launching an updated version of this website on Tuesday, June 28, and Wednesday, June 29. During that time, you may notice some changes to content, layout, and functionality of the site, and there may be interruptions in service. We appreciate your patience during the launch, and apologize for any inconvenience this may cause.


text: Quite an amazing hotel opened in November in Abu Dhabi. The exterior surface is made up of 5,800 pivoting diamond-shaped steel panels containing almost 5,000 LED fixtures. By day this outer "skin" reflects the sky and its surroundings, and by night displays video feeds that appear over the entire surface of the building. Not to mention the Formula1 Curcuit race track running through it.


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Athletes of all skill levels need good nutritional practices & habits, from meals to meal times and snacks in between. Endurance Athletes are the most susceptible to the effects of poor nutritional practices, but also have the most to gain from good nutritional habits. Whether training or in competition, the needs of the on-the-go Endurance Athlete are specific, and portability is essential. Enter the Power Crunch variety of snack bars.
Most of us have tried the nearly endless variety of snack bars, looking for that seemingly elusive combination of flavor, texture, calorie-count, and package weight; and depending on our individual preferences, we keep searching. The Power Crunch line offers 13 flavors to choose from, for starters, and the calorie count ranges from 110 to 220, which is an impressive caloric variety tailorable to the intensity of your workout or race.
The flavor & texture relationship of all Power Crunch snack bars can best be described as natural, as in chocolate tastes how you expect chocolate to taste, vanilla tastes like vanilla, peanut butter like peanut butter, etc. & all. This sounds like a simple concept, but if you've tried many of the other brands of snack bars available for athletes, you understand that Power Crunch has made a big, powerful step in delivering an intra-workout/intra-race snack based on our needs and wants.
Curiously, all of the Power Crunch snack bars are incredibly light weight. This may not seem like a big deal when working out at or close to home, but when you need fuel on a long run, ride, or race, and you're responsible for carrying your own sustenance, the weight of every item you carry is a big deal, and worthy of scrutinous consideration.
Even if you haven't built up the stamina of an Endurance Athlete, Power Crunch is still a good option for regular length workouts ranging from 30 minutes to 2 hours, hikes with friends or family, and good quality level snacks for your rest & recuperation days.
If you're curious about all the benefits Power Crunch snack bars have to offer, now might be the time to try them for yourself. You can order them online from the Power Crunch website, or you can find a retailer near you that carries the line of Power Crunch bars. Stay fed, stay fit!


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Numerical Forecast Systems
Info on the Ensemble forecasts using the Global Spectral Model
Global EPS Report to WMO on NCEP Global Ensemble Forecast System (GEFS) pdf
At NCEP the current NCEP Global Ensemble configuration consists of runs at 00Z, 06Z, 12Z 18Z each day (available through anonymous ftp from public servers)
Three different types of forecast files are generated from each run:
A T574L64 high resolution control (file name for, e.g., a 24 hr fcst at 00Z is gfs.t00z.pgrbf24) out to 8 days, after which this run gets truncated and is run out to 16 days at a T126L64 resolution
A lower resolution ensemble control (T254L42) that is started with a truncated T574L64 highbrid analysis and run out to 8 days, then reduced horizontal resolution (T190) and run out to 16 days, labeled as (gec00.t00z.pgrb(a/b)f24)
20 perturbed forecasts each run out to 16 days at T254L42 (0-8 days) and T190L42 (8-16 days) horizontal and vertical resolution. The tropical storm relocation technique has been used to re-install observed tropical storm location to model initial state. The initial perturbations are generated using Ensemble Transform with Rescaling (ETR) method**. The stochastic total tendency perturbation (STTP) is introduced to enhance model uncertainty. Each perturbed forecast will be labled as gep(01/02/03...).t00z.pgrb(a/b)f24
The examples of files given above are pressure grib files that also contain flux and surface related fields. For information and software on how to read grib format files, using different platforms, click here . If you have questions regarding the ensemble forecasts you can contact Yuejian Zhu at email@example.com
**(See Wei et al., 2007; Initial perturbations based on the ensemble transform (ET) technique in the NCEP global operational forecast system; Tellus)


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Posted on Monday, May 6, 2013 by Allison Byers
It may be Saturday, but for today's Shelf Porn class is in session. Matt Silady, chair of the California College of the Arts' MFA in Comics Program, shares his robust collection of graphic novels and trade paperbacks, which also serves as a lending library for his students. Matt's a comic creator himself, whose The Homeless Channel was nominated for an Eisner a few years back.


text: With the draft now just a week away, we're that much closer to seeing how all the pieces of the puzzle are going to fit together for the fall. The Detroit Lions re-signed a number of their own free agents, but one that got away was RT Gosder Cherilus. Combine that with the fact that Jeff Backus elected to retire, and OT has obviously become an area of concern as the offseason proceeds.


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Inocente Showtimes and Tickets
Read Movie Reviews about Inocente Write a Movie Review for Inocente
Release Date: 2012-05-04
Genre: Documentary,
Rating: NR
Duration: 42min
nocente is an intensely personal coming of age feature documentary about a young artist's fierce determination to never surrender to the bleakness of her surroundings. At 15, Inocente refuses to let her dream of becoming an artist be caged by her life as an undocumented immigrant forced to live homeless for the last nine years. Color is her personal revolution and its extraordinary sweep on her canvases creates a world that looks nothing like her own dark past – a past punctuated by a father deported for domestic abuse and an endless shuffle, year after year, through the city's overcrowded homeless shelters and the constant threat of deportation. Told entirely in her words, and incorporating animation of her own design, we come to Inocente's story as she realizes her life is at a turning point, and for the first time, she decides to take control of her own destiny. Inocente is both a timeless story about the transformative power of art and a timely snapshot of the new face of homelessness in America – children.
Cast and Crew
- Directed by Sean Fine, Andrea Nix
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TALLAHASSEE, Fla. – No. 4 Stanford finds itself tied for 11th with South Carolina and Campbell with a 3-over 291 through the first round of the NCAA East Regional Championships.
Mariah Stackhouse tied for third with a 4-under 68 on Thursday. Stackhouse's bogey-free round included birdies on three of the course's four par-5 holes.
"We shot a number consistent with our season average," said Margot and Mitch Milias Director of Women's Golf Anne Walker. "We are only five shots out of fifth, and that's what we were focused on. We knew coming here that it would be incredibly tough, and so far that's the case. We just have to stick to our game plan and trust that it will be enough to clinch a spot in the finals."
No. 12 Vanderbilt blistered the course with a women's collegiate record 277 and is the first-round leader at Southwood Golf Club. The Commodores were led by Simin Feng and Jenny Hahn who shot identical scores of 4-under 68, which places the pair in a tie for third in the individual standings.
Tulane's Emily Penttila shot a career-best and women's course-record 65 and is the individual leader after the first of three rounds.
Second-ranked Duke, the top seed in the 24-team field, is in fourth place. The Blue Devils are seven strokes behind Vanderbilt.
Lauren Kim's even-par opener came with two birdies and as many bogeys. Kim is tied for 28th.
Casey Danielson was 1-over with a 73 and sits in a tie for 46th. Danielson was 2-under through seven before three bogeys set her back.
Marissa Mar shot a 78 with Mariko Tumangan adding a 79.
The 56-hole tournament resumes Friday. The top eight teams and top two individuals not on one of the top eight advancing teams will earn a bid into the NCAA Championships (May 20-24).
TALLAHASSEE, Fla. – No. 4 Stanford finds itself tied for 11th with South Carolina and Campbell with a 3-over 291 through the first round of the NCAA East Regional Championships.


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For each of us, kid, former athlete, older generation: we have control and move using a movement vocabulary. Those simple and fundamental abilities to move from here to there, as well as to accomplish some tasks and express some physical actions....though there is a range of skill levels we each OWN our moves!
Surely, the acquisition of basic locomotor skills demonstrate a progressive sequence of reaching, rolling, supporting one's weight on hands, knees and then feet but we also have a set of fundamental controls:
Initiating motions
Arresting motion
Leaving the ground: jumps, hops, leaps, rolls
Responding to shifts in support
Rhythmic actions: skipping
Handling objects
The skill acquisitions, even for trained and elite athletes, all rest on mastery of the fundamental movements.
So, want to make a quick check on your own preschoolers' moves? Challenge them to TRY some of these activities. In the process of exploring and attempting the actions, your children will learn to move and then move to learn. That whole process will cultivate the connections between body and brain and help them further their learning!
Ten Moves to Try! [ Preschoolers: 3-6 years ]
- Stand on one straight leg and extend the 'free' leg forward: balance for 3 seconds.
- Stand on 1 straight leg; free leg...tucked towards body a bit. HOP [in place] 3 times LAND
- Stand on tip toes: arms stretched to sides. Can you HOLD 'high toes' for 5 seconds?
- Can your child place their feet, side-by-side, bend both knees and place their hands on the floor, in front of their feet? This position is called a TUCK.
- Place a wadded paper 10-15 inches [20-30 cm.] in front of the child, on floor. ASK them to bend their knees, allow arms to swing down and then JUMP over the wadded paper. What happened?
- Place a 'dot' on the floor. Can the child run away and return to the spot? Count to ten while they are running and then CLAP your hands to give child a cue to return to starting dot.
- HANG by hands: Find a safe and study bar [one that will allow child to grasp it comfortably] and ASK then to grasp the bar and lift their feet OFF the ground. Can they hand there for 3 seconds?
- What about going up and coming down a few stairs? Be near child for safety: see if they can go UP 3 steps and then turn and descend the same 3 stairs. Are they using the SAME FOOT to lead each direction? Can they alternate 'leading' foot?
- Who can climb a playground ladder?
- Who can lie on the ground/floor [with legs straight and arms along the sides of body] and roll like a LOG? Can the child do this log rolling to both directions? NO bending of knees or use of arms/hands. Great for spinal strengthening!
So, note this checklist and make a fun time of this review of fundamental abilities.
Maybe the trying will bring that happy cry: "I Can Do That!" from you child.
If you or someone you know who is teaching might need a progressively organized set of Movement and Sports Training lessons, visit the Apple iBookstore and find the 6 part Kidskills Training Manuals.


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City of Wilmington Continues Snow and Inclement Weather Response
Posted on 02/13/2014 10:30 am
City of Wilmington Continues Snow and Inclement Weather Response
In the Emergency Operations Center, the Office of Emergency Management, Department of Public Works, Wilmington Fire Department, Wilmington Police Department, Department of Licenses and Inspections, Department of Parks and Recreation and Delmarva Power continue to respond to the snow conditions and execute inclement weather operations.
"In preparation for this storm, many of the City departments worked together to ensure we would be able to respond quickly and effectively," said Mayor Dennis P. Williams. "We made the decision, late afternoon yesterday, to close the City today, in hopes to keep people safe and off the roads. We also opened our Emergency Operations Center, where departments continue to monitor storm response operations. I am pleased with how we've been able to get out in front of the storm to ensure the safety of our City residents, employees and citizens."
Public Works secured additional resources and manpower which will be dedicated to the neighborhood streets. Later this afternoon, Public Works will begin plowing and salting side streets in the neighborhoods and communities within the City.
Motorists are advised to adjust travel plans and avoid driving on the roads, as driving conditions have deteriorated and become hazardous following the snowfall. In addition, citizens are discouraged from shoveling snow into the streets. The City encourages citizens to keep the roadways clear as the various City departments continue to plow main roadways and streets in the neighborhoods.
According to Delmarva Power, no power outages have been reported in the City of Wilmington and New Castle County. Should residents experience service interruptions or power outages, they should call customer care at 1-800-375-7117.
All Parks and Recreation programs are suspended for today, in addition, the William Hicks Anderson Community Center is closed.
The National Weather Service in Mount Holly anticipates two inches of rain and an additional inch of snowfall. For further details or weather updates, please refer to your local forecast.
Alexandra Coppadge
Director of Media and Community Relations
Office of Mayor Dennis P. Williams


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The Musicians' Union hosted an event at SongFest yesterday with Shlomo who demonstrated his beatboxing technique and showed us how to do it.
Shlomo has collaborated with a range of artists and has pushed the boundaries of beatboxing, which is something he aims to continue to do. One of his earliest collaborations was with Icelandic pop queen Bjork on her all vocal album Medulla in 2004.
Raised on a strict childhood diet of orchestral percussion and jazz drums, Shlomo instinctively began making vocal music as a small child. He explained that initially he mimicked other beatboxers, such as Rahzel who developed the stagecraft of beatboxing and put on one-man shows that became a sensation through the internet, which was still in its early days.
Throughout Shlomo's career he has consistently pushed the boundaries of beatboxing, bringing the art form to new and unexpected audiences through hugely diverse collaborations.
For more information, see Shlomo's website at: www.shlo.co.uk
SongFest is an annual song-writing festival run by the British Association of Songwriters, Composers and Authors (BASCA) and this year it took place at the Bedford in Balham, South London.Tweet
Tags: shlomo | songfest 2011 | the muSimilar posts:


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Dear Experts,
I created a Editable alv by using REUSE_ALV_GRID_DISPLAY Function module.
I can able to edit & saving.It is working fine.
But in edit form, after making the changes , if I click on 'BACK' or "CANCEL' with out saving ,
then a POP_UP should come, with "Data Not Saved'.
Like this a popup required.
Is it possible in ALV gris by FM method.
Please help me to solve this issue.
Thanks in advance,
In parameter is_layout, there is a field confirmation_prompt. Set it to "X" and if one of the functions 'Back(F03)', 'Exit(F15)' or 'Cancel(F12)' is triggered, the system asks the user if he wants to leave the list.
Else you may disable those standard functions and add yours, managed in i_callback_user_command
Thank you Very much for your reply.
I tried , but while saving ir is giving a dump.
I am savig by a user command by using i_callback_user_command.
Plese help me to sort the issue.
Probem is solved.
Once again Thank you very much.
I am allocating the Points to you.


text:
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#1 Ranked Children's Hospital by U.S. News & World Report
MyPatients provides referring primary care providers with secure access to their patients' information.
Boston Children's has launched the world's 1st program dedicated to offering hand transplants to children who qualify.
Innovation insider is a semi-monthly e-newsletter analyzes innovations at Boston Children's, other academic medical centers and from industry.
Read the latest blog by a Boston Children's doctor, clinician or staff member.
There are many ways you can help children and their families get the care they need.
Contact: 617-355-5849
University of Pennsylvania, School of Medicine, 1995
Philadelphia, PA
University of Pennsylvania, College of Arts and Sciences, 1990
Boston Children's Hospital, 1996
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Michael Agus, MD Research profile
Division of Medicine Critical Care300 Longwood AvenueMain Building, 11 SouthBoston, Massachusetts 02115Contact: 617-355-8117
The future of pediatrics will be forged by thinking differently, breaking paradigms and joining together in a shared vision of tackling the toughest challenges before us."


text: (About Pip and Wendy)(I am going to be brutally honest, I hate them. I really do. But not just because of their HORRIBLE roleplaying style, its how they treat other characters, and people.I mean, "Jim" *cough*James*cough cough* (Proof: http://askxwendytestaburger.deviantart.com/ ) And they wonder why people hate them, and yet they keep treating fellow deviants like crap. I mean, they go too harsh on their roleplays, I have witnessed it, and not only that, they don't even DRAW! That's what makes me mad the most I mean this is deviantART, not just for roleplaying. If your going to be an ask account, atleast learn to fucking draw. And how they roleplay their characters is UNBELIEVABLY bad. I mean, Wendy is supposed to be all calm and nice, only when someone's mean to her or if she gets jealous, she gets mad. Riiiight? Not in this rper's case. I've seen her just wailing on Cartman without a reason at all. To me, that isn't Wendy. As for Pip, he doesn't throw bricks at people for calling him French! dodgeballs


text:
The Old Man and the Sea
by Ernest Hemingway
The Old Man and the Sea Isolation Quotes
How we cite our quotes: Citations follow this format: (Day.Paragraph). We artificially created chapters by defining "days," because there are no chapter breaks in The Old Man and the Sea. Here's how we divided up the days:
- Day 1 = the start of the book until the old man falls asleep for the night
- Day 2 = begins when the old man wakes up and goes until sunrise of the next day
- Day 3 = begins at sunrise and goes until the old man dreams about the lions
- Day 4 = begins when the old man wakes and ends when the old man gets back to his shack for the night
- Day 5 = begins with the boy seeing the old man in the morning and goes until the end of the book
Quote #10
That was the saddest thing I ever saw with them, the old man thought. The boy was sad too and we begged her pardon and butchered her promptly.
"I wish the boy was here," he said aloud and settled himself against the rounded planks of the bow and felt the strength of the great fish through the line he held across his shoulders moving steadily toward whatever he had chosen. (2.93, 2.94)
The old man wishes the boy were there in order to share the experience, as he has done in the past.
Quote #11
His choice had been to stay in the deep dark water far out beyond all snares and traps and treacheries. My choice was to go there to find him beyond all people. Beyond all people in the world. Now we are joined together and have been since noon. And no one to help either one of us. (2.96)
The old man's solitude extends to the fish – they are in isolation from the rest of the world, but together because of it.
Quote #12
Aloud he said, "I wish I had the boy."
But you haven't got the boy, he thought. You have only yourself and you had better work back to the last line now, in the dark or not in the dark, and cut it away and hook up the two reserve coils. (2.101, 2.102)
The old man distracts himself from his solitude by focusing on the task at hand.


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Queen's speech in Parliament: 'Be good neighbours for Diamond Jubilee'
13:01 20 March 2012
The Queen has called on people to be good neighbours and celebrate their communities to mark her Diamond Jubilee.
In an historic address to both Houses of Parliament today, she paid tribute to the British virtues of "resilience, ingenuity and tolerance", and to the Duke of Edinburgh, her "constant strength and guide" over the decades.
The monarch repeated her vow made on Accession Day in February to "rededicate myself to the service of our great country".
In the ancient Westminster Hall the monarch stood to give her address, telling MPs and peers that since she came to the throne she has been a regular visitor to the Palace of Westminster.
She added: "During these years as your Queen, the support of my family has, across the generations, been beyond measure.
"Prince Philip is, I believe, well-known for declining compliments of any kind. But throughout he has been a constant strength and guide."
This was the monarch's sixth address to both Houses of Parliament. She gave similar speeches in celebration of her Golden Jubilee in 2002 and Silver Jubilee 25 years earlier in 1977.
Among the guests was Prime Minister David Cameron, some members of his Cabinet, former premiers Tony Blair and Gordon Brown and Labour leader Ed Miliband.
The monarch reflected on the ancient setting for her address: "We are reminded here of our past, of the continuity of our national story and the virtues of resilience, ingenuity and tolerance which created it.
"I have been privileged to witness some of that history and, with the support of my family, rededicate myself to the service of our great country and its people now and in the years to come."
The Queen also reflected on following in the footsteps of the only other monarch to celebrate a Diamond Jubilee, Queen Victoria in 1897.
She said: "So, in an era when the regular, worthy rhythm of life is less eye-catching than doing something extraordinary, I am reassured that I am merely the second sovereign to celebrate a Diamond Jubilee."
The Queen has begun her national tour to mark her 60-year reign and said she hoped the Diamond Jubilee celebrations would "be an opportunity for people to come together in a spirit of neighbourliness and celebration of their own communities".
The work of millions in the professional and voluntary services, whose efforts were for the pubic good, would also be recognised this year as would the "remarkable sacrifice and courage of our armed forces".
She said: "Much may have indeed have changed these past 60 years but the valour of those who risk their lives for the defence and freedom of us all remains undimmed."


text:
- About this Journal ·
- Abstracting and Indexing ·
- Aims and Scope ·
- Annual Issues ·
- Article Processing Charges ·
- Articles in Press ·
- Author Guidelines ·
- Bibliographic Information ·
- Citations to this Journal ·
- Contact Information ·
- Editorial Board ·
- Editorial Workflow ·
- Free eTOC Alerts ·
- Publication Ethics ·
- Reviewers Acknowledgment ·
- Submit a Manuscript ·
- Table of Contents
International Journal of Distributed Sensor Networks
Volume 2013 (2013), Article ID 754206, 8 pages
Calibration Techniques for Low-Power Wireless Multiband Transceiver
1Research Center for Mobile Computing, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
2Institute of Microelectronics, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
Received 3 August 2012; Revised 2 April 2013; Accepted 4 April 2013
Academic Editor: Lei Zhang
Copyright © 2013 Shouyi Yin et al. This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
The low-power wireless transceiver is the basic silicon building block of wireless sensor networks and the internet of things. In this paper, two digital calibration and compensation techniques for low-power wireless multiband transceiver are presented to adjust the VCO's tuning curves in the frequency synthesizer and eliminate the DC offset voltage in the intermediate frequency (IF) pathway. The fuzzy binary search method is applied to VCO calibration, and gain-based DC offset cancellation (DCOC) is applied. Based on these proposed methods, a multiband transceiver is designed and fabricated in 0.18 m CMOS with 1.8 V voltage supply. Experimental results show that with 24 MHz system clock, frequency synthesizer calibration can be completed within 450 without requiring any additional calibration prescaler, achieving a calibration resolution of 1 MHz; DC offset voltage can be reduced to less than 3.5 mV for 0 to 60 dB gain, with each calibration process taking only 1.28 ms time. The proposed techniques and corresponding circuits are proved to be cost-efficient while maintaining high performance, which is suitable for multiband and multimode transceiver integration.
1. Introduction
Wireless communication is currently and will still remain as one of the most rapidly developing technologies. Over the past few decades, various short range wireless communication protocols have been proposed, such as IEEE 802.11 and Bluetooth. Wireless transceivers based on these protocols have been intensively studied, and many mature integrated solutions are proposed. Most of these solutions support a communication range of 10~100 m with relatively high data rate, but their power dissipation generally exceeds 100 mW.
In recent years, with the growing demand for universal wireless connections, many applications that have a looser requirement on communication range and data rate, but are very sensitive to power and cost, become increasingly popular, such as wireless sensor networks (WSNs), home automation, and the internet of things (IoT). Therefore, the low-power wireless transceiver is becoming the basic and most important silicon-building block of these applications. Considering the various requirements and environments of potential applications, the wireless transceiver should have a widely tunable frequency band and multiple working modes to adapt to different communication conditions.
This paper addresses the design and especially calibration techniques of multiband and multimode wireless transceiver. The major objective is to ensure expected data transmission rate while keeping its power dissipation low and area occupation small to match the requirements of WSN and IoT. As Figure 1 shows, the proposed transceiver consists of numerous circuit blocks such as LNA, image filter (which is incorporated in front-end LNA to eliminate image frequencies that might be down converted to the low IF band of interest), frequency synthesizer, down and up mixers, filters, programmable gain amplifiers (PGAs), analog-to-digital converters (ADCs), digital-to-analog converters (DACs), low drop output (LDO) regulators, digital baseband, and digital control modules. The transceiver works in the 1.5–2.1 GHz and 375–525 MHz bands and employs MSK and FSK modulation techniques at the digital baseband. To adapt to different communication channel conditions, data transmission rate can be configured to 50 Kbps, 100 Kbps, and 200 Kbps. Though a homodyne structure has the advantage of saving the cost to implement front-end RF filter, it introduces a much higher level DC offset caused by self-mixing thus requires hardware as well as calibration time to cancel intermediate stage PGA DC offset, which is not attractive in the application where burst mode communication demands fast switching between RX and TX states. So, sliding intermediate frequency is adopted in the receiving path. The two different digital modulation circuits share the same analog and RF path for signal receiving and transmission. In such a mixed signal system, many trade-offs must be made.
One prominent challenge is to design a widely tunable frequency synthesizer that has fast lock time, low phase noise, low-power consumption, small area occupation, and constant performance across the entire tuning range. In our scenario, the synthesizer needs to cover the frequency band from 1.5 GHz to 2.1 GHz. If we use a 1.8 V supply voltage, the VCO gain will be at least 600 MHz/1.8 V = 333 MHz/V, which is so high that the phase noise will be unacceptably large. Usually in frequency synthesizer, the wide tuning range is realized by employing an LC-tuned VCO that has a switched capacitor array [1]. The array can be configured to different values to make the VCO operate on different tuning curves. Because each tuning curve can only cover a limited width of the entire tuning band, calibrating the VCO through hardware before the normal working process starts is essential. As for VCO calibration techniques, there have been some strategies presented so far [2, 3]. The period comparison method based on the time-to-voltage conversion [4] or the PFD-based edge comparison [5] work very fast, but they are complicated in structure and show speed-resolution limitations. Frequency counter-based linear search method is easy to implement but takes prohibitively long time, thus are not suitable for applications requiring fast channel switching capability. Conventional frequency counter-based binary search method cannot guarantee the convergence to the most optimal tuning curve without a redundant comparison [6]. In addition, most of these techniques need extra calibration prescalers. In our design, we employ a modified fuzzy binary search method to guarantee the convergence to the most optimal tuning curve without a redundant comparison or any extra prescalers. The all-digital calibration block is easy to implement.
Another challenge arises from the sliding IF architecture. It suffers from the DC offset problem. The RF, LO leakage and process variation may both cause offset. The amplitude of the DC offset may be small (several micro volts) at generation, but after being amplified by the PGA chain by at most 60 dB, it can grow large enough to saturate poststage circuits. The distortion caused by DC offset can even make the ADC and digital baseband circuit unable to demodulate the received data. To solve this problem, DC offset cancellation (DCOC) circuit is indispensable. It is used to attenuate the differential mode DC offset and stabilize the DC operating point of IF circuits prior to normal receiving process. While low-power and wideband VGA have been reported before [7, 8], they consume large current and cannot provide accurate compensation because they do not compensate DC offset according to different IF gains. Also, conventional compensation techniques that work in a feedback way may suffer from stability problem [9]. In our design, a digital calibration method is adopted with a RAM storing the DC offset information of each gain. The IF analog circuit is divided into three stages, and the DC offset is compensated for each stage. With such a scheme, DC offset caused by device mismatch is effectively cancelled to below 3.5 mV within 1.28 ms for any gain word.
The rest of the paper is organized as follows. Section 2 describes the VCO calibration method in the frequency synthesizer. Section 3 presents the DC offset compensation scheme. The implementation of the transceiver and test results are described in Section 4. Finally, we conclude in Section 5.
2. VCO Calibration in the Frequency Synthesizer
The local oscillation frequency needed by the transceiver is synthesized by a single loop fractional-- PLL, as illustrated by the analog part in Figure 2. The output frequency of the VCO is tunable from 1.5 GHz to 2.1 GHz. After a divide-by-four module, a frequency tunable from 375 to 525 MHz can be obtained. In the analog part, the reference frequency is generated with an off-chip 24 MHz crystal oscillator. The PFD examines the phase difference between the reference frequency and the divided VCO output signal div. A charge pump receives the output of the PFD, and a configurable low pass filter (LPF) filters out the high frequency components of the signal from the charge pump and feeds the filtered output voltage to the VCO. The input voltage to the VCO has a swing from 0.4 to 1.4 V and can cover the frequency band from 1.475 to 2.215 GHz to provide enough band margin. The output of VCO passes through a divide-by-4 module and a - modulator (SDM) controlled programmable divider and then goes back to the PFD. To suppress the phase noise, we adopt a low gain VCO with multiple subband tuning curves, controlled by an 8-bit trim word CBANK (7:0) which reduces to 15.2 MHz/V at the vicinity of 0.9 V.
The traditional binary search method to obtain the CBANK value based on simple period comparison is very likely to deviate from the most optimal trim value by 1 LSB therefore cannot guarantee the convergence to the closest subband tuning curve without a redundant comparison. In our design, we use a fuzzy binary search algorithm implemented by the module's digital part to solve this problem. Simulation of VCO's characteristics indicates that a difference of 1 LSB in its trim value shall cause the subband tuning curve to move upward or downward a space not less than 2 MHz, as shown in Figure 4, which means a calibration resolution of 1 MHz is sufficient. The calibration resolution can be represented as
In the above formula, is the dividing ratio of VCO's output frequency to the frequency of the divided signal fed to the calibration module. Because in our design the programmable divider can support a minimum dividing ratio of 16, so has a minimum value of 64. is the period of the system clock (24 MHz). To ensure a calibration resolution of 1 MHz, we can compute that must at least be 1536 in our case.
The digital part of the frequency synthesizer is responsible for two tasks. One is to control the programmable divider in the analog part when the PLL is in closed loop state; the other is to conduct autocalibration to find VCO's optimal tuning curve before the frequency synthesizer is configured to work at some certain frequency.
VCO calibration circuit is demonstrated in Figure 3. It has two frequency counters, clocked by the reference clock and the divided VCO signal div, respectively. There are other three registers high, current, and low, which are used to store the binary search values. The values in two frequency counters are arithmetically subtracted and feed to the fuzzy comparator to determine how to update the values in the three binary search registers. A finite state machine controls the calibration process and asserts the calibration done signal when the search process is finished.
The VCO calibration block updates CBANK according to the following three cases. If , we consider that the VCO oscillates too fast, and we need to increase CBANK in the next search round. Consider the following: If , we consider that the VCO oscillates too slow, and we need to decrease CBANK in the next search round. Consider the following: If , we consider that the optimal CBANK is found, and the search process will be terminated.
This algorithm can guarantee the convergence to the closest subband tuning curve. Another advantage is that it has a smaller expected comparing times, at the cost of just a small amount of increase in hardware. Figure 5 presents the flowchart of the proposed fuzzy binary search algorithm.
The VCO calibration process happens when the frequency synthesizer is powered on to work at the default operating frequency, and the division parameter is changed by user. At the beginning of the calibration process, the PLL is set to the open loop state, VCO is driven by a fixed voltage of 0.9 V, the trim word CBANK (7:0) is set to the middle value of 8′b01111111, and the programmable divider's division value is set to , so div, the signal fed to the calibration module, has a frequency, that is, 1/64 of the VCO oscillation frequency. Then, the calibration module, clocked by the global system clock of 24 MHz, measures the frequency of div in a period of time Tclk, where . After that, it compares the measured result with based on the user-set frequency, which is calculated by hardware from the formula where NI is the integer part of the desired programmable division factor, NF is the fractional part of the desired programmable division factor, and fw is the width of NF. The floor notional is due to hardware implementation limits. is used to decide whether to increase or decrease CBANK based on a modified binary search strategy. After at most 7 searches, the optimal CBANK value must be found and registered. Then, the PLL is set to the close loop state and the SDM takes control of the programmable divider; then the calibration process is finished.
The time needed to conduct one VCO autocalibration process can be expressed as follows: where is the PLL's stabilization time in the open loop state, which is less than 1 s and very small compared to and hence can be neglected; is the time consumed by one in one search process; is the search times before the optimal CBANK is found. With 24 MHz system clock, in the worst case will be 7 and is approximately 450 s. Though this amount of time is not small, it does not require extra prescalers in calibration circuits.
3. DC Offset Compensation Block
In such a low-power application, device temperature remains relatively constant during its "awake" state and supply voltage is regulated by an on-chip PMU which has very little or slow variations. Therefore, a power-on DC offset calibration and compensation is sufficient to eliminate the problem while maintaining acceptable cost. Another characteristic found by simulating the analog circuit is that DC offset at different gain words can vary greatly, which requires writing the offset compensation word for each gain word into the digital RAM for system's later lookup.
Figure 6 shows the diagram of the DCOC circuits. In this design, IF analog circuits are partitioned into three stages, with each stage having a 6-bit DAC to adjust the DC voltage. Each DAC has the same output step of 2.5 mV and a dynamic range of 160 mV. The schematic of the comparator is shown in Figure 8. When the comparator's enabled signal COMP_EN is cleared, M1 is shut off, and OUT_ and OUT_ and forced to be high, which means that this circuit consumes power only during the comparison process. In order to minimize the input offset, the size of input transistors M2 and M3 should be made large enough, but large size also causes large parasitic capacitance and degrades the speed performance. Simulation results show that the charging and discharging time of the two head-tail connected inverters need to be not less than 6 s to give a trustworthy comparison result, so every comparing duty is set to be 10 s to add enough time margin.
Systematic analysis indicates that calibrating offset stage by stage needs less power and hardware than calibrating at only the final stage. Our calibration strategy is as follows: at the beginning of transceiver power-on, the mixer and PGA1 of I branch are enabled, initial value for the corresponding 6-bit DAC is set, and the differential output of PGA1 is connected to the comparator. The comparator compares the DC value of the positive and negative input signals and gives out a binary comparison result. Based on the comparison result, the digital control block either increases or decreases the control bits of the corresponding DAC. The DAC adds a correction current to PGA in the way as [10] does. After the comparator is settled at the new DAC word, the digital control module checks the comparison result and makes new adjustments. This process is continued until the comparison result reverses, and the current DAC is recorded in RAM. The calibration is applied to PGA1, PGA2, PGA3, I branch, and Q branch separately, and traverses all gain words. The principle of the DCOC calibration process is demonstrated in Figure 7. In the figure, the DC voltage on the input terminal of the PGA is generated by a DC current divided into and . The DC voltage on the input terminal is generated by and a series of 2-based-weighted current sources that can be tuned from 0 to , so, the maximum that can be compensated is from to .
It is easy to obtain the total calibration time as where is the time needed in one calibration process, in the worst case . is the number of the different gain words. In our design, the IF gain can be configured from 0 to 60 dB which means ; so in the worst case, it takes to get a complete DCOC LUT. Also, the LUT RAM needs to accommodate bits.
The input-equivalent offset of the comparator is below 1 mV, and the DAC gain is 2.5 mV, which leads to a theoretical 3.5 mV overall precision.
4. Implementation and Test Results
Based on the proposed calibration methods, a multiband transceiver is designed and fabricated with the 0.18 m CMOS technology with a supply voltage of 1.8 V. As shown in Figure 9, the overall die area is 4750 m × 4100 m, among which the layout area of DCOC circuit is 0.38 and autocalibrated frequency synthesizer occupies an area of 0.29. Power measurement demonstrates that the frequency synthesizer consumes 1.2 mA and the DCOC circuit consumes 2.1 mA current.
To test the functionality of VCO calibration circuit, the target dividing ratio of 19.1 is set. Figure 10 shows the digital wave plot of critical signals during the VCO calibration process. As illustrated, the CBANK is initially set to the decimal value of 127, then traverses through 191, 159, 175, 183, 179, and finally locks on 181. The result proves that the fuzzy binary search algorithm and the circuit work as expected. Figure 11 shows the VCO output frequency change. We can see that after 458 s the calibration is successfully done and the VCO output is 1.842 GHz.
Table 1 presents the calibration outcome when the programmable divider's dividing ratio is set to different values. We can see that the CBANK value decreases when the dividing ratio increases, which is in accordance with a theoretical assumption that VCO oscillates faster when CBANK is smaller.
As for the DC offset cancellation test, a DC offset of 3 mV is intentionally added to the input of PGA1, and the gains of PGA1, PGA2, and PGA3 are set to be 26 dB, 18 dB, and 15 dB, respectively. We can see from Figure 12 that before calibration, the offset after the 1st stage is about 60 mV, the offset after the 2nd stage is about 500 mV, and the offset after the 3rd stage exceeds the supply voltage. After calibration the overall DC offset measured at the output of the 3rd stage is approximately 2.6 mV. Table 2 gives the calibration results for each stage.
Tables 3 and 4 present the frequency synthesizer's performance summary with comparison and the DCOC circuit's performance summary with comparison. Though the proposed calibration circuit takes longer to reach a result, no extra prescaler is needed; thus, this structure saves power and area. The DCOC achieves a prominent increase in accuracy for its gain-based calibration method. The summarized data reveals that the proposed calibration techniques are fully suitable for the multiband multimode transceiver.
5. Conclusions
In this paper, we present two digital calibration and compensation techniques to adjust the VCO's tuning curves in the frequency synthesizer and eliminate the DC offset voltage in the intermediate frequency pathway. Based on these proposed methods, a multiband transceiver is designed and fabricated in 0.18 m CMOS with 1.8 V voltage supply. Experimental results show that with 24 MHz system clock, the frequency synthesizer calibration can be completed within 450 s to a resolution of 1 MHz; intermediate frequency pathway can achieve a DC offset voltage of less than 3.5 mV for 0 to 60 dB gain, with each calibration process taking only 1.28 ms time. The active area of the autocalibrated frequency synthesizer occupies an area of 0.29, and the DC offset cancellation circuits occupy 0.38. The frequency synthesizer calibration block consumes 1.2 mA current and the DCOC circuit consumes 2.1 mA current. The proposed techniques and corresponding circuits are proved to be costefficient while maintaining high performance, that is, suitable for multiband and multimode transceiver integration.
This work is supported by the Special Scientific Research Funds for Commonweal Section (no. 200903010) and the Science and Technology Project of Jiangxi Province (no. 20112BBF60050 and no. 20121BBF60058).
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What to do when the snow flies, give in to cabin fever or venture into the arctic tundra? If your a car person and have spent three quarters of the year outside at car shows and cruise nights then the answer is for you to venture outside. Time in the garage working on the fair weather friend is OK but what about blowing off a little steam from being cooped up inside the house? There's the old school sports; skating, sledding and cross country skiing but car people march to the beat of a different drummer. If you haven't ridden a skimobile yet, then you should give it a try. Yes, buying a new sled can be expensive. Some go for as much as a new car, used sleds may be a better value and can be had for several hundred to a few thousand dollars. Another option is a rental; it provides all the fun without the long term issues of cost, maintenance and storage. Check with your local and state authorities on registration requirements and riding locations.
Once you have the details worked out, a day on a sled can be exhilarating and spirited. Sleds, in general, are fast, fun and an exciting way to spend some time outdoors; think of it as an off road motorcycle. Ensure that you are wearing appropriate gear for the temperatures as well as the required safety equipment; a helmet should be worn by all riders at all times. Riding with experience riders will ensure a safe and well mapped out ride as well. The smell of two stroke in the air gets the blood pumping and with the squeeze of the throttle you can rocket through the backwoods and open fields of your riding area. Stopping every so often to take in the view is highly recommended as you are most likely miles from any major highway, enjoy the wildlife but stay far enough away so not to endanger them or yourself.
Riding with the kids makes the experience even better, albeit a slower one. Watching their faces as they wind through the woods or see a moose for the first time is a moment they'll remember forever. Take plenty of photos, you'll want to remember those moments as well. Time spent on a wintery adventure is time well spent, the winter will pass quicker and seem a little more enjoyable. With spring around the corner, you'll have some great stories to share with your car friends at the first cruise night of the year.


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The Big Fight My Life In and Out of the Ring
ISBN13:by Leonard, Sugar Ray; Arkush, Michael
Viking Adult
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In this unflinching and inspiring autobiography, the boxing legend faces his single greatest competitor: himself. Sugar Ray Leonard's brutally honest and uplifting memoir reveals in intimate detail for the first time the complex man behind the boxer. The Olympic hero, multichampionship winner, and beloved athlete waged his own personal battle with depression, rage, addiction, and greed. Coming from a tumultuous, impoverished household and a dangerous neighborhood on the outskirts of Washington, D.C., in the 1970s, Sugar Ray Leonard rose swiftly and skillfully through the ranks of amateur boxing-and eventually went on to win a gold medal in the 1976 Olympics. With an extremely ill father and no endorsement deals, Leonard decided to go pro. The Big Fighttakes readers behind the scenes of a notoriously corrupt sport and chronicles the evolution of a champion, as Leonard prepares for the greatest fights of his life-against Marvin Hagler, Roberto Duran, Tommy Hearns, and Wilfred Benitez. At the same time Leonard fearlessly reveals his own contradictions and compulsions, his infidelity, and alcohol and cocaine abuse. With honesty, humor, and hard-won perspective, Leonard comes to terms with both triumph and struggle-and presents a gripping portrait of remarkable strength, courage, and resilience, both in and out of the ring.
Table of Contents
|p. ix
|Palmer Park
|p. 1
|ôMy Journey Has Endedö
|p. 42
|From Vega to Vegas
|p. 71
|All the Marbles
|p. 92
|Manos de Piedra
|p. 118
|No Más
|p. 147
|The Showdown
|p. 168
|Seeing a New Future
|p. 190
|ô'I Am Backö
|p. 213
|Simply Marvelous
|p. 229
|Finding Love Again
|p. 261
|Peace at Last
|p. 278
|p. 296
|p. 299
|Table of Contents provided by Ingram. All Rights Reserved.


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At the recent PSK Annual Client Briefing, PSK nominated a chosen charity for the day - FRANS Inc. We donated $10 for each of the 250 clients who attended our briefing, in addition to matching each donation made by our clients and staff 'dollar for dollar'.
The advisers and staff at PSK Financial Services are proud to announce that we raised over $11,000 for FRANS! This result literally blew us away, and we cannot thanks our clients enough for their compassion and generosity in raising much needed funds for this incredibly worthy cause.
To see this story in the latest newsletter from Future2 (the foundation of the Australian Financial Planning Profession), you can access the PSK Financial Services article here.
This was a ralley great post, Rob, and I think one of the better commentaries on this economic crisis.Thanks, man.


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Holden Expands Its Outreach Efforts
The mission for the Holden Arboretum is quite simple. It is to promote "the beauty and importance of trees and other woody plants to create sustainable and healthy communities in the Great Lakes region and beyond." In order to achieve that goal, Holden has hired Chad Clink to serve in the capacity of "Community Forester". This new position will be used to expand the Arboretum's outreach efforts throughout Northeast Ohio. According to Paul Spector (Director of Education and Public programs), Chad will be an advocate for the expansion of scientifically based urban forest management practices throughout the region as well as promote the aesthetic environmental and economic value of trees and forests in the communities. He will also collaborate with various governmental and professional organizations while educating the public.
"The Greater Cleveland region has recognized the value of trees in improving the livability of our communities and there are many outstanding initiatives underway throughout the area," Spector said. "We hope to collaborate with these public and private institutions in order to enhance and expand on their efforts."
Chad is a Board Certified Master Arborist and graduate of Kent State University's horticulture program. He also studied natural resource management through the University of Idaho. As a Municipal Specialist with the International Society of Arboriculture, Chad has traveled the country assisting in urban forest assessments while working with communities to help promote a better understanding of the benefits and value of healthy urban forests.
Summer Concert Series Continues
Tuesdays through Aug. 5
Relax and enjoy great local bands in the beauty of Holden's Display Garden this summer as we continue our popular Sounds of Summer Garden Concert series. Concerts will start at 7:00 p.m. each Tuesday and are free for members and included with a $5 after 5:00 p.m. admission charge for non-members. Guests are encouraged to bring blankets and chairs. Food and drinks are available for purchase at each concert or guests may choose to bring a picnic.
See the complete concert lineup.
Help Us Thank Our Volunteers
Help us thank the individuals who give their time and talents to support Holden's mission. In preparation for Holden's annual volunteer recognition event, "Holden Volunteers Are Something To Sprout About!" on Saturday, Sept. 13, we are collecting "Sprout Outs" to our volunteers from our members, guests and staff to be incorporated into the program. To participate, print a copy of the form and share your positive experience or appreciation of an individual or group of Holden volunteers.
Forms can be downloaded or picked up at the Warren H. Corning Visitor Center.
Upcoming Events
Diversify with Groundcovers
7:00 p.m.,
Thursday, July 10
Diversify your landscape with easy to grow and underused groundcovers. Class covers plants that can handle sun, shade and everything in between. Learn more.
Designing with Plant Combinations
10:00 a.m.,
Saturday, July 19
The thoughtful arrangement of plants is the key to good landscape design. Discover how to combine a variety of plants to create a stunning garden or landscape bed. Learn more.
Build a
Bluebird Box
1:00 p.m.
Sunday, July 20
Find out more about bluebirds and build a bluebird box to take home. Learn more.
Tops and Bottoms
1:00 p.m.
Sunday, July 27
Listen to the story, Tops and Bottoms, followed by a hike around Holden to learn more about the plants we eat. Find out more or register online.


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Remember my million posts/tweets about TEAM UP and the trip to South Africa for the World Cup?!?
Well guess what! It's really happening... really soon!!! (Unfortunately, I won't be able to make the trip, but I'm so excited for them)
The Team Up blog is UP AND RUNNING!
Check it out!!!


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I want to setup a small dev server, and I would like to be able to access it not only from home, but when I'm away from home too.
I have an old laptop that I could use for this purpose, I would just need to change my router to give access from outside. However, I'm a bit wary of doing this as I'm not sure what the security risk of doing this is. Another option would be to rent an Amazon EC2 instance.
Which is safer from a security point of view?
EDIT: Thanks for the replies, I'll go with the EC2 instance.


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The panel task had been to "conduct inspections, chemical analyses (and) spectrographic analysis of spacecraft, parts or rubble, or use any other useful techniques to establish point of (the CM 012) fire origin, direction and rate of propagation, temperature gradients and extremes. The nature of the fire, the type of materials consumed, the degree of combustion shall be determined."
Following an intensive study - which considered ignition sources, description, and course of the fire - the panel listed 10 findings and determinations in its final report, including:
Severe damage to wiring was found at the bottom of the power equipment bay along the aft bulkhead. Evidence of arcing was found and damage was less severe in the right-hand direction of this bay.
Electrical arcing in the extreme lower left-hand comer of this bay could have provided a primary ignition source.
Right-hand portions of the left-hand equipment bay were severely damaged. Wiring, tubing, and components in the carbon dioxide absorber compartment and oxygen/water panel compartment were burned and melted. Penetrations in the aft bulkhead and pressure vessel wall were observed. The carbon dioxide absorber compartment showed heavy fire damage; failure was due to pressure overload and melting caused by the fire in this area.
Electrical arcing in the right-hand portion of this bay could have provided a primary ignition source.
Evidence of electrical arcs from conductor to conductor and from conductor to structure were found.
No arc could be positively identified as the unique ignition source. Three were found that had all the elements needed to cause the disaster. Two of these showed evidence of poor engineering and installation.