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The Ten Commandments
A book by Joseph Lewis
The Seventh Commandment
... chapter continued from previous file ...
Adultery as a Taboo Based on Sympathetic Magic
As the Sixth Commandment was a taboo against shedding blood because of the fear of blood pollution, so we find this Commandment to be a taboo against the adulterous act based on sympathetic magic because of the fear of its detrimental influence on the pursuits of the husband. Beyond that, the authors of this Commandment did not have the slightest knowledge or understanding of proper sexual conduct, according to our present-day standards.
In the section headed "The Second Tables of Stone and a Forgotten Set of Commandments," [*169] we mentioned that the Tenth Commandment of that earlier Decalogue, "Thou shalt not seethe a kid in its mother's milk," would reveal the secret of the origin and meaning of the present Ten Commandments, and the fundamental basis of the religion of the Biblical Hebrews. We now come to that important matter. We emphatically state that the Commandment, "Thou shalt not seethe a kid in its mother's milk," and the Commandment, "Thou shalt not commit adultery," are fundamentally the same: both originated in the belief in sympathetic magic, which accounts for their inclusion in both Decalogues of the tribal Israelites.
The Commandment, "Thou shalt not seethe a kid in its mother's milk," offers indisputable evidence that morality was not the governing motive for these Commandments -- for what moral qualities are there in refraining from mixing meat and milk? There was an altogether different reason for such a prohibition, and its presence in the Decalogue, as taught today, only emphasizes the persistence of a superstition long after its origin has been lost and the uselessness of its continuance demonstrated. Despite its elimination from the currently accepted Decalogue, this Commandment is still regarded by orthodox Hebrews as one of the most important of their ritual observances, and has been handed down from generation to generation.
Why were the Biblical Hebrews so much concerned about "seething a kid in its mother's milk" as to make it one of the Commandments of the earlier Decalogues? Because it was the belief in sympathetic magic that if a calf was boiled in its mother's milk it would cause the cow's udder to dry up and develop a disease which would impair her usefulness and destroy her value as a means of subsistence. Since they did not understand the nature and cause of disease, they based their beliefs on superstitions with magical associations. The deceptive forces and manifestations of nature are constantly leading man into devious and false paths. If we are still subject to such delusions, one can understand the pitiful mental subjection which prevailed in primitive times. It was one of these delusive beliefs that led to the taboo of drinking milk and eating meat during the same meal. [**170]
The Hebrews were not the only primitive tribe that observed this superstitious belief in sympathetic magic. Its prevalence among other primitive tribes that had no contact with the Hebrews is proof that it did not originate with them but was current among peoples of the same cultural level as the Israelites. A like belief prevails among the primitive Banyoro tribes. They do not permit milk to be put in an iron or metal vessel for fear that "it would be injurious to the cattle." The Washamba of East Africa never drink milk and eat meat at the same meal; they believe that doing this would cause the death of the cow from which the milk was obtained. Among the Masai, who never allow milk to be boiled, it is considered a great offense to drink milk and eat meat at the same time; so for ten days the Masai lives exclusively on milk and for ten days exclusively on meat. So great is the aversion to bringing the two foods together that they take a strong emetic before changing from one food to the other.
Among the pastoral tribes in Africa at the present day, there is a deeply rooted aversion to boiling milk, based on the belief that a cow whose milk is boiled will yield no more milk and may die as a result. Cow's milk and butter form a large part of the diet of the Mohammedans of Sierra Leone, and therefore they never boil milk for fear of causing the cow to become dry. Nor will they sell their milk to those who boil it. The same belief, based on sympathetic magic, prevails among the Bolloms, who refuse to sell their oranges to those who throw the skins into the fire, "lest it occasion the unripe fruit to fall off."
The belief in sympathetic magic is so powerful among some tribes of Africans that they believe their cattle will become ill if women milk them; because women are subject to monthly "sickness," the cattle will likewise be affected. [*171]
The Mohammedans of Morocco believe that milk drawn from the cow retains such vital connection with the animal that any injury done to the milk will be sympathetically felt by the cow. Milk is never boiled by them in the same pot in which it has been drawn from the cow. They also believe that if milk boils over, the cow will have a diseased udder.
The Masai of East Africa, a pastoral tribe depending for their sustenance on their herds of cattle, consider boiling milk a heinous offense, because it would cause their cattle to cease giving milk. The same belief prevails among the Baganda of Central Africa. [*172] The Bahima of Central Africa are so obsessed with this superstition that they believe the heat used in boiling the milk will dry up the cow's udder. They tell stories of how certain cows refuse to give milk because their milk has been boiled. They also believe that if a European puts milk in his tea, it will kill the cow which gave the milk.
Among the Somali of East Africa, who are dependent on the camel for their sustenance, "camel's milk is never heated for fear of bewitching the animal." The same belief in sympathetic magic prevails among the Eskimos. During the salmon fishery, no water must be boiled in the house, because "it is bad for the fisher."
The Damaras or Herero of Southwestern Africa, who are dependent on the cow for food, never cleanse the milk vessels out of which they drink or eat for fear the cow will cease to give milk. They believe that by washing out the remains of the milk from the pot, the cow's udders will also be drained. [*173]
But what connection, it might be asked, is there between the Commandment, "Thou shalt not seethe a kid in its mother's milk," and the Commandment, "Thou shalt not commit adultery"? Both Commandments are founded on the same superstitious belief and are identical in intent and purpose.
The same sympathetic connection that was supposed to exist between the cow and her milk was believed to prevail between husband and wife; disloyalty on the part of one would affect the welfare of the other. Under this superstition, it was believed that the unfaithfulness of the wife would prove injurious to the husband's welfare, and adultery therefore became a taboo; hence, the inclusion of a prohibition against it in the Decalogue.
Just as we found parallel beliefs among primitive tribes similar to the Hebrews who observed the taboos regarding the mixing of meat and milk, so we find them regarding the evil results to the husband and the clan if the wife were to be guilty of unfaithfulness.
Many of the indigenous tribes of the Sarawak are firmly persuaded that were the wives to commit adultery while their husbands were searching for camphor in the jungle, the camphor obtained by the men would evaporate.
When a Borneo Dyak is out head-hunting, his wife must wear a sword day and night in order that he may always think of his weapons, and she must not sleep during the day or go to bed before early morning lest her husband be surprised in his sleep by an enemy. In Madagascar, it is the belief that when the husband is at war, he will be wounded or killed if his wife should be having an intrigue with another man in his absence.
Elephant hunters in East Africa believe that if their wives prove unfaithful in their absence, this gives the elephant power over his pursuer, who will accordingly be killed or severely wounded. Hence, if a hunter hears of his wife's misconduct, he abandons the chase and returns home. If a Wagogo hunter is unsuccessful or is attacked by a lion, he attributes it to his wife's misbehavior at home and returns in great wrath. While he is away hunting, she must not let anyone pass behind her or stand in front of her as she sits; and she must lie on her face in bed! [**174] The Moxos Indians of Bolivia thought that if a hunter's wife were unfaithful to him in his absence, he would be bitten by a serpent or a jaguar. Accordingly, if such an accident happened to him, it was sure to entail the punishment, and often the death, of the woman, whether she was actually guilty or innocent. An Aleutian hunter of sea otters thinks that he cannot kill a single animal if during his absence from home his wife is unfaithful or his sister unchaste. [*175]
The Wayao and Mang'anja tribes of Lake Nyassa believe that the food prepared by an unfaithful wife will poison the husband who eats it. The Ashanti believed that they would cease to be prolific if adultery existed among them. Various Negro tribes attribute drought and famine to the adulterous acts of their wives. [*176]
If the husband commits adultery while the wife is pregnant, the Bahuana believes that it will have a fatal influence on the child. [*177] The Southern Bambala in the Congo maintain that adultery is generally the cause of the death of infants. The Thong in Southeastern Africa fear terrible complications at the birth of a child born of an adulterous union. If a woman suffered extreme labor and difficulty in giving birth to a child, it was proof, according to the general belief, that the child was not legitimate. [*178]
Even in other phases of the sexual realm, sympathetic magic has its definite influence. In British East Africa it is strictly forbidden to have sexual relations while cattle are at pasture for fear that the act would have a deleterious effect on the cattle. [*179] It is also believed that if a man cohabits while he is away on a journey, ill luck will come to the village. [*180] In New Caledonia, both before and after planting, cohabitation is forbidden.
In primitive times, and among some tribes today, only unmarried men were sent to battle. It was the belief that married men had become weakened by their close relationship with women. If the unmarried men had had sexual relations, they had to be "purified" before going to battle. This took many forms. Some were not allowed to eat food cooked by women. Others must not use weapons women had touched. In Noessa Laut, it is the belief that those who remain continent are invulnerable in war.
The Wagiriami of British East Africa believe that if men cohabit with their wives during wartime they will be unable to kill their enemies, and that if they receive a trifling wound it will prove fatal. Others believe that their eyesight will be impaired and they will not be able to shoot properly. [*181] This taboo evidently prevented Uriah from visiting Bathsheba, when he was recalled by David before being sent to the forefront of the battle to die so that David could commit adultery with his wife.
Among the Nagas of Maniour, when the men are in special danger, they must refrain from sexual intercourse; and also when they set out or return from a raid. The Sia of New Mexico are continent four days before going hunting. The Huichols of Mexico must abstain from sexual relations when engaged on a hunting trip. They believe that if a snare is put up by a man in love, the animal will not be caught.
As far as the Decalogue is concerned, it would not have made the slightest difference, from the point of view of morality, if the listing of these two Commandments had been reversed, since the reason for the inclusion of the one is identical with the reason for the presence of the other. If the Tenth Commandment of the "forgotten set" of Commandments, "Thou shalt not seethe a kid in its mother's milk," were the seventh in the present Decalogue, and the Seventh Commandment as we know it, "Thou shalt not commit adultery," were the tenth in the forgotten set of Commandments, the only difference would be that instead of talking about adultery, we would be practicing the primitive superstitious custom of not mixing meat and milk at the same meal! Christians would in all probability be using two sets of dishes like Orthodox Hebrews, and the clergy would not have an excuse to refer to the Seventh Commandment as the one they "rarely mention." They would be shouting that "Thou shalt not seethe a kid in its mother's milk" was a God-given command and would portend disastrous results, such as the breakdown of all morality, law and civilization, and the widespread prevalence of crime, as the consequence of its violation. They would also contend, as they now do with the taboos of the other Commandments, that the violation of this one would provoke the Bible Deity to vent his anger on the people, and that they would suffer the consequences for committing so dire a sin as mixing meat and milk at the same meal. For it is the law of all religions that "he who truly fears God will observe his laws without inquiry into the reasons for them." [*182]
One thing is certain: if this prohibition of mixing meat and milk were the Seventh Commandment of the present Decalogue, this taboo would be observed with greater fidelity than the one mentioned at the beginning of this chapter.
Additional Evidence of the Prevalence of Sympathetic Magic among the Biblical Hebrews
Not only was the belief in sympathetic magic deeply rooted in primitive Hebrew thought, but the use of magical formulas based on this belief became an integral part of their daily lives.
There is abundant Biblical evidence for the superstitious belief in magic; we need but mention the following instance recorded in Genesis of the bargaining between Jacob and his father-in-law, Laban, as to the compensation Jacob should receive for his years of labor. It was decided that Laban give him cattle and goats. The division of the cattle was to be determined by the number of "brown among the sheep" and the "speckled and spotted among the goats." To increase one over the other, this was the method Jacob used. I quote Genesis, Chapter 30, verses 37 to 41:
37. And Jacob took him rods of green poplar, and of the hazel and chestnut tree; and pilled white streaks in them, and made the white appear which was in the rods.
38. And he set the rods which he had pilled before the flocks in the gutters in the watering troughs when the flocks came to drink, that they should conceive when they came to drink.
39. And the flocks conceived before the rods, and brought forth cattle ring-streaked, speckled, and spotted.
40. And Jacob did separate the lambs, and set the faces of the flocks toward the ring-streaked, and all the brown in the flock of Laban; and he put his own flocks by themselves, and put them not unto Laban's cattle.
41. And it came to pass, whensoever the stronger cattle did conceive, that Jacob laid the rods before the eyes of the cattle in the gutters, that they might conceive among the rods.
All so simple! It is regrettable that Gregor Mendel, the geneticist, spent so many years in scientific research to determine the law of inherited characteristics, when all he had to do was to consult his Bible for this great biological secret!
As a result of this Bible story which is based on the belief in sympathetic magic, there arose the superstition that if a child is born with a birthmark, it is because the mother, while pregnant, saw some object resembling the mark on the child. For instance, if a child is born with a long, discolored mark, it is explained that the mother was frightened by a mouse; if a small red mark appears on the child's body, it is explained that the mother had seen or eaten a strawberry. No matter what "mark" the child bore, the superstitious found an explanation for it in some object which a lively imagination considered it resembled, even though the mother might never have seen such an object during her period of gestation. What about the countless mothers who pass through frightful experiences, yet whose children are born without the slightest blemish?
Also from this primitive belief has grown the superstition that a prospective mother who desires to have a beautiful child should look intently at a beautiful object! That this has been the cause of much mental agony is only too well known. Fortunately, however, educated people today no longer believe in the inerrancy of the Bible or in the influence of the mother's impressions on the unborn. But there are still many who believe in these superstitions, as reported by Dr. H. F. Kilander, Dean of the Panzer, New Jersey, College of Physical Education and Hygiene, who made a three-year survey. He said: "Forty per cent of the students and adults felt that a prospective mother could make her child more musical if she listened to good music. About the same number believed 'various marks of disfiguration on the newborn child are due to fright of the mother during pregnancy.'" [*183]
Among some orthodox Hebrews, as soon as a woman begins to have labor pains, all the female inmates of the house loosen their hair, believing that it will loosen the child and facilitate its birth. Among Polish Jews, as a help in easing birth, all knots in the women's clothing are untied. [*184] On the cradle of an infant, in Biblical days, the Children of Israel hung bells and other amulets to guard the child against demons. Rocking an empty cradle is forbidden in the belief that a child in the house will die and the cradle indeed will be empty. When the birth of a child is expected, nothing is permitted to be taken out of the house for fear that the child will die and be taken out of the house. If an infant laughs in its sleep, you must lightly tap its lips, as it is supposed to be playing with the angel of death. [*185]
If someone steps over a child or it walks between the legs of another person, it will cause its growth to be stunted, is another belief. [*186]
The influence of sympathetic magic still prevails in the observance of Rosh Hashonah, the Jewish New Year, by the orthodox Hebrew. During the ritual ceremony, honey is set on the table and bread is dipped in it, while the head of the house pronounces the words: "May it be His will that this year be a sweet one." The special loaves of white bread and the manner in which they are baked is additional evidence of this influence. The bread is formed round and smooth as a symbol of the desire that the New Year be likewise round and smooth. [*187]
Even at the present time the superstitious custom of the Tashlich, the "casting off" of sins, is observed by the extremely orthodox. This is the ceremony performed by the entire congregation: When the afternoon services on the first day of Rosh Hashonah are over, the worshipers go to the edge of the river or any other body of flowing water and recite the following ritual: "May God cast our sins into the depths of the sea." The men then shake the ends of their coat sleeves as though brushing off their sins. [*188]
Another instance of sympathetic magic is the custom of "Kapporos." This ritual first consisted in killing a lamb, but a chicken is now used instead. Each person could lay his sins on the head of the fowl by swinging the chicken above his head three times and reciting: "The chicken is my substitute and my ransom, and shall be killed that I may survive for a long and peaceful life." White chickens are preferably used because white symbolizes purity and innocence! [*189] Women select hens and men select roosters in this idiotic ceremony.
Another ceremony performed by the orthodox based on the belief in sympathetic magic deals with the scapegoat and takes place during the observance of the Day of Atonement, "Yom Kippur." In Biblical times the Jewish high priest laid both hands on the head of a live goat, confessed over it all the iniquities of the Children of Israel, and, having thereby transferred the sins of the people to the beast, sent it away into the wilderness. [**190] For the Biblical passage and authority dealing with this superstitious practice, I quote Leviticus, Chapter 16, verses 21 end 22:
21. And Aaron shall lay both his hands upon the head of the live goat, and confess over him all the iniquities of the children of Israel, and all their transgressions in all their sins, putting them upon the head of the goat, and shall send him away by the hand of a fit man into the wilderness:
22. And the goat shall bear upon him all their iniquities unto a land not inhabited: and he shall let go the goat in the wilderness.
The idea of the scapegoat as a means of protection comes from the savage belief that as actual burdens can be shifted from one back to another, pains and sorrows as well as sins can also be shifted! [*191]
The early Christians, in performing an identically similar ceremony, used as a scapegoat the sacrificial lamb. That is why in its early days the symbol of Christianity was a lamb. Today, however, Christians celebrate this ceremony on Ascension Day to commemorate the ascent of the supercolossal scapegoat in the figure of Jesus Christ, who is supposed to have died for the sins of all mankind! The Brahmans transfer the sins of their people to sacred cows. [*192] How far removed are the Hebrews, the Christians and the Brahmans from the Matse Negroes of Togoland, who think that the river Awo has the power to carry away the sins and sorrows of all the people? [*193]
Complementary Examples of Sympathetic Magic
The belief in sympathetic magic was so widespread among primitive peoples that it influenced nearly all phases of their conduct. A few illustrations will show the prevalence of this belief, its domination over the minds of primitive peoples, and its persistence even in our own times.
Some of us may remember from childhood days that when a button was to be sewed on a garment being worn, we were told to chew a piece of thread while the button was being attached, or our brains would also be sewed up. This particular superstition in sympathetic magic evidently survives from the belief still prevalent among the Saghalien. A pregnant woman may not spin or twist ropes for two months before her delivery because they think that if she did so, the child's intestines might become entangled like a thread. It is still a Hebrew superstition that a pregnant woman should not step over a rope or the umbilical cord will twine around the child's neck and strangle it.
In Saibai, one of the islands of the Torres Straits, it is the custom for a woman who wants a male child to press a fruit resembling the male organ of generation to her abdomen, and then pass it to another woman who has borne only boys. [*194]
The Galeareese think that spitting on a pebble establishes a homeopathic connection between them and the pebble which will make their teeth as hard and durable as stone. On the other hand, a child's hair should not be combed before it has teethed, or its teeth will be separated from each other like those of a comb.
Children should not look into sieves, or they will suffer from a skin disease and will have as many sores on their bodies as there are holes in the sieve. In Samarkand, women give a baby sugar candy to suck, and put glue in the palm of its hand, in order that when the child grows up his words may be sweet, and that precious things may stick to its hands as if they were glued. [**195]
The animistic superstition that the soul of an animal becomes absorbed by the person who eats its flesh is also current in nearly all primitive tribes. Many of the food prejudices of savage tribes derive from this conviction. It accounts for the Biblical Hebrew's proscription against eating the flesh of a pig or hog. It was believed that the one who ate the flesh of the pig would acquire his characteristics. The Tyrolese wears the tuft of the eagle's down in his hat, believing that it will give him the eagle's keen sight and courage.
Among the Dyaks, young men abstain from eating the flesh of deer for fear that it will make them shy and timid, and before a pig hunt, they avoid oil lest the game should slip through their fingers. The warriors of South America avoid eating the flesh of slow-moving and cowardly animals, while they feast on the meat of tigers, stags and boars to give them courage and speed. The story is told of an English merchant in Shanghai who, at the time of the Taeping attack, found that his Chinese servant had brought home a human heart. The Englishman asked him what he was going to do with it. The servant replied that it was the heart of a rebel which he intended to eat in order to gain courage. [*196]
When a Maori war party is about to start, the priests set up sticks in the ground to represent the warriors, and he whose stick is blown down is sure to fall in battle. [*197]
In New Zealand, when a male child has been baptized in the native manner and has received its name, small pebbles the size of a large pinhead are thrust down his throat to make his heart callous, hard and incapable of pity.
Round the neck of a Basuto child in South Africa is hung a kite's foot to give swiftness, a lion's paw for security, or an iron ring to give it iron resistance.
The American Indian hunter wears as ornaments the claws of the grizzly bear that he may be endowed with its courage and ferocity. [*198] When the natives of Australia give a dance, they make a grass figure of a kangaroo. This is believed to give them the power of the real kangaroo in a hunt.
Equally related is the belief among the Huzuls of the Carpathians. The wife of the hunter may not spin while her husband is hunting, or the game will wind like a spindle, and the hunter will be unable to hit it. In Loas, when an elephant hunter is starting for the chase, he warns his wife not to cut her hair or oil her body in his absence. If she cuts her hair, the elephant will burst the toils; if she oils herself, it would slip through them.
Based on sympathetic magic, tattooing came into existence. It was the belief that if a person was tattooed with the image of a protective animal, it would protect the person from harm. In the Easter Island, a young married man tattooed the vulva of his wife on his chest as a sign that he was married, and evidently with the thought that as long as he had his wife's vulva with him, no one could make use of it. [*199]
There are still many present-day carry-overs of these superstitious beliefs. In the Franklin D. Roosevelt Library at Hyde Park, New York, there is a miniature pearl-handled knife in one of the showcases. The legend on the attached card says: "Given to the President by Sir Robert A. Hodfield of London in return for the customary copper cent to avoid the 'Cutting of Friendship.'" The giving of any sharp instrument is believed by many to cause a severance of friendship unless counteracted by the exchange of some object, preferably a coin. Such is the tenacity of superstitious belief even among otherwise intelligent people.
The Child and This Commandment
If ministers tell us that this Commandment is rarely mentioned before adult congregations because of the delicate nature of its subject, one can well imagine how discussions about it would affect the minds of the impressionable and the adolescent.
If a child is told that one of the Ten Commandments of God is not to commit adultery, he is entitled to know the meaning of what he is admonished not to do. Obviously, he cannot refrain from performing any act unless he knows exactly what it is. This Commandment, as part of the Decalogue, acts as a reminder which continuously arouses the dormant curiosity of the adolescent child. Lacking the proper knowledge of sex, this Commandment stimulates the child's desire for information as to what actually happens when adultery is committed. Of what value is the inculcation of this Commandment in the mind of a child of tender age who not only has not the remotest intention of committing adultery, but has not even the slightest conception of what it means?
If knowledge of an adulterous act arouses the curiosity of adults and stimulates them to seek information about the minutest details, what can we expect of children whose curiosity is keener and whose imagination is more vivid? While an adult can generally take the details of adultery as a matter of fact, the mind of the child becomes tainted and corrupted; it becomes acquainted with sex through a medium of deception, duplicity and the other objectionable factors always present in the act of adultery.
Those misguided people who protest against the imparting of scientific sexual knowledge to our school children by competent teachers should pay a little more attention to the harm done by the teaching of the Decalogue. If they are so solicitous about what books children read they should become aware of the harm done by this Commandment. As a rule, those religious people who protest loudest against scientific sexual knowledge being imparted to our school children are the very ones who corrupt their minds in the matter of sex by approaching the subject through the channel of the very worst phase of sexual conduct.
You cannot get results by planting seeds in corrupted soil, and you cannot get a high sense of morality from a mind imbued with lurid thoughts of sexual conduct. How morality can be taught to a child by admonishing him not to "commit adultery" is more than I can understand.
Imparting sex knowledge and explaining proper sexual conduct is not an easy task. It is the most difficult function of education, and one of the most important. To guide a child through the adolescent period into adulthood, to teach him to fit himself for a happy married life, is the highest function of education. But to teach him this Commandment, which deals with the very act that is destructive of marriage, is a perversion of education. If marriage is our ideal and we strive to surround it with lofty and beautiful sentiments, it is a strange religion that is bent on acquainting future partners of such a union with the very method by which it is contaminated and destroyed.
At home, in school, in church, the child hears repeated over and over again that one of the commands of God is "Thou shalt not commit adultery." The consequences are that the child soon learns that adultery is associated with lust, passion, seduction, debauchery, sexual depravity, obscenity, deception, faithlessness and the whole vocabulary of offensive and repulsive acts in the realm of sex. Before the child is old enough to receive the simplest instruction in sexual matters, he is already, through overstimulation produced by the words of this Commandment, contaminated and polluted by the nasty side of sex.
Children need instruction in sexual matters; it is vital to their welfare and development. But it must be knowledge that their young, sensitive minds can comprehend and absorb, and it must be imparted in a manner that will not shock their delicate sensibilities. Will anyone have the effrontery to say that shouting the words "Thou shalt not commit adultery" to a child is the proper method of teaching sex in order to enable him to lead a healthy, normal life as well as to avoid possible future tragedies resulting from ignorance about sex? That educators are now becoming cognizant of this fact is evidenced by the statement of the British Board of Education. After stressing the importance of discouraging the old-fashioned fairy tales about birth -- "the proverbial gooseberry bush, stork and doctor's bag" -- it urged the following method of sex education: "A simple but sound maxim is: Whatever the age of the child and whatever the question he asks, answer him to the fullest extent that he is capable of understanding at that stage." [*200]
The pernicious influence of this Commandment on the mentality of the child is alone sufficient to condemn it as a corrupting force in the realm of sexual behavior.
If the Bible were a moral guide, it should contain the most detailed information and knowledge of the complicated mechanism of the body, its functions and its uses. Within its pages should be found the proper method of imparting to children the correct mode of conduct during their years of growth, particularly to fortify them with knowledge during their critical adolescent period.
If only it contained the proper sex guidance for adults, half the misery of the world would be avoided. It is the pitiful ignorance of man within the sexual realm that is responsible for so many tragedies.
Instead of the Bible being the most authoritative source of sexual knowledge, its pages reek with sexual misconduct of the most revolting nature. Is it any wonder? Throughout the Bible's eleven hundred pages, the words "adultery," "fornication," "whore" and "whoredom" are mentioned more than 500 times, while the word "morality" is not mentioned once!
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Celebrating her 6th season as founder of Eco Fashion Week (EFW), Myriam and her team are informing and inspiring the fashion-conscious, and sustainable-minded, alike, in a way that harmonizes beauty and the environment. After all, innovation in fashion - the future of chic – is inextricably linked to innovation in, well, sustainability.

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I have always had a love for the seasons. Notice how my memories are in the past tense. While La Verne's campus and charming town have anchored me for many seasons, all I can remember is school. I cannot help but ask, when will I have time to sit bmore


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Hispanic Children
Many Hispanic children in Texas live in dire poverty. One in four Texas children are poor, but Hispanic children are almost twice as likely to be poor as other children. They and their families struggle, particularly in the Rio Grande border region, with inadequate basic and social services. The families themselves, as well as those offering services to families, are working to develop a clear sense of the policies and programs necessary to children's well-being. This, they hope, will secure a better future for their children and other Hispanic children.
This assessment emerges from data compiled and analyzed by researchers in the School of Social Work at The University of Texas at Austin. An extensive report, written in partnership with the Center for Public Policy Priorities in Austin, details the status of Hispanic children in Texas, with special emphasis on children living along the Texas-Mexico border.
The report, Hispanic Children in Texas, is remarkable. A range of material on Hispanic children, highlighting their experiences in the border counties, draws data from a multitude of sources. A comprehensive team of people-community residents, activists, and service providers-came together in numerous communities to discuss the implications of the records and statistics provided by six different state agencies. Their contributions led to the interpretation of this data. Through their participation and their visions the report explores the implications of children's experiences and their needs for the future. From the numerical data came a baseline of information from which to measure the progress of Hispanic children in Texas. And from the interpretations offered by people throughout the state emerged a number of recommendations for addressing the identified problems.
The special report highlights various critical problems faced by Hispanic children in Texas. It identifies some of the innovative community-based programs working to assist Hispanic children and their families. It emphasizes the importance of understanding the issues faced by the particularly high proportion of Hispanic children residing in the border counties: approximately 80 percent of the border counties' residents are Hispanic. While Hispanic children in Texas face many problems putting them at risk of continuing poverty, they, their parents, and the community organizations serving them present both a careful delineation of the issues and ideas for ways to counter the impact of current problems on children's lives. One of the many rewards for those working on this project was meeting with people all over the state, and particularly with groups of residents, service providers, and teens in communities along the Rio Grande border.
Hispanic Children in Poverty. More than 40 percent of Hispanic children in Texas are poor, while only 18 percent of white children face poverty. Hispanic children's poverty is most pronounced in the border counties, where over 45 percent of the children are in poverty. Two-thirds of the children in Starr county, one of the poorest counties in the nation according to the 1990 census, are poor. Community advocates and activists repeatedly returned to issues of poverty when discussing the conditions faced by Hispanic children.
The poverty has many ramifications. When families are struggling just to stay out of destitution, they have few resources to devote to their children's education and supervision, to health care and preventive practices, and to training and development that will provide parents access to better paid and more stable jobs. Poverty has impacts on children that carry far into their futures.
Poverty in the border counties is compounded by political factors, according to community residents and agency personnel alike. They explain that the relative isolation of the border region from urban centers, and from the state political apparatus, make it hard for local leaders to be active and influential on behalf of their communities. One hospital staff person pointed out, "Often decisions are made at these (state) levels that will drastically affect the border area, and they neglect to bring the border region into the decision-making process."
A community development director at a local agency explained that border area residents face problems in the area of basic services, "The main problems that border residents face are lack of education and employment opportunities for parents. There is a lack of comprehensive health care, transportation, clinics, and adult basic education. All of this translates to finances. El Paso is distant from the Capitol: few politicians truly understand the needs of the border."
Indeed Hispanic residents in Texas, particularly those in the border counties, show significant differences from other Texas residents in many of these areas. Residents in the border areas, agency staff, and local political representatives feel that the state government apparatus has relatively little understanding of the distinctive issues facing them.
Unemployment Along the Border. In most counties the unemployment rates for Hispanics are significantly higher than the county average. These differences are pronounced in the border counties, where overall unemployment is also high. Thus rates of unemployment for Hispanics are as high as 43 percent, for example, in Presidio County. Unemployment among Hispanics is closely related to the poverty of children in those families strongly affected by joblessness. Where adults have difficulty locating jobs, the children dependent on them fall into poverty. In many cases, adults working as migrant workers and in other low-wage occupations have multiple jobs and work long and irregular hours. While these households remain in poverty, their children also experience a lack of parental supervision.
Community members all along the border have examined closely the ramifications for their areas of the NAFTA agreement. While many community residents were optimistic that, in the long run, job opportunities may well improve, they were skeptical about the short-range impact of possible job shortages. They perceived the needs for job training and placement programs to equip people for the new kinds of jobs that may be emerging.
Hispanic Teens. Current job shortages in the border region strongly affect Hispanic teen workers. Nearly 11 percent of Hispanic teenagers in Texas experience "teen idleness," being neither in school nor in the labor market. One service worker commented, "The number of street children has considerably increased. Those children are generally between ten-and seventeen-years-old, but often they are also younger. Many of these children in and of the streets do not attend school and are without supervision. Frequently, their families fall between the cracks of the system and do not know how to access or re-access it."
As teen idleness figures suggest, school drop-out rates are disturbingly high, particularly in the border region. Across the state, almost half of the school dropouts reported for the 1991-1992 school year were Hispanic. Furthermore, those children who drop out before the seventh grade are not represented in the dropout statistics. A school teacher, quoted in a newspaper article, described one family's situation: "Last year, a school nurse brought us two brothers who were going to school on different days. One would go one day and the other would go the next. They were sharing one pair of shoes."
The teenagers themselves, however, see the importance of continuing with their education. One teen from a border county explained, "The only way I can get out of here, out of the life I know I will have is through my education ... If I stay here, I'm going to end up just like working all my life, working hard for nothing, just to get by."
Health on the Border. Poverty is not only tied to the high rate of unemployment and the difficulties faced by Hispanic children in school, but also to the kinds of health issues faced by Hispanic children. The health problems faced by children congregated in the border counties begin before they are born. Hispanic mothers had the highest rate among all groups of mothers in Texas for having received little or no prenatal care. This lack of prenatal care can lead to a higher incidence of problem pregnancies, and the babies are more likely to have health problems.
Lack of health care is related to a shortage of medical personnel and facilities. The Texas Department of Health identified parts of all but one of the border counties as "Health Professional Shortage Areas." In these areas there is more than a 3,000 to 1 ratio between population and physicians. In fact, some residents of the border counties report that they go to Mexico for their medical care. It is both more affordable and more readily available. In addition to the need for more doctors and nurses, we received comments on the shortages in mental health services.
Children growing up in the colonias that mark the border region face additional health problems. Through the last decade the area has seen high rates of tuberculosis, diabetes, asthma, intestinal disorders, and hepatitis. Especially those living in the unincorporated communities called colonias suffer the effects of water pollution, as well as airborne contaminants.
Many non-urban residents in the border area get their water from wells, but many must acquire their water from outside sources. One attorney in the El Paso area described a water problem in the Hispanic community. "People will haul water and store it in 55-gallon drums. The El Paso City County Health Department conducted a survey of one colonia that had no potable water and found that about half the people stored water in this type of drum and that 70 percent of those drums were labeled indicating the contents were toxic, such as methylene chloride, stoddard solvent, and trichloroethane. People will use water from wells which have been contaminated by outhouses and septic tanks which are located twenty to fifty yards of these wells."
Water pollution is not the only environmental problem faced by Hispanic border children. Other common airborne pollutants include auto exhausts, pesticide sprays, and smoke from tire burning. Unpaved streets leave dust in the area. Border residents talked about the prevalence of respiratory diseases, throat infections, asthma, and intestinal problems experienced by their children.
Service Delivery. Although the large majority of children in the border region were born in the United States, the families of many of them maintain strong ties to Mexico. Children and their families visit back and forth across the border. Family members seek both employment and services, such as medical care, where they are most available. Community service providers talked about the continuing need to coordinate programs and services with organizations in Mexico. Where such coordination is lacking, the services for families and their children must necessarily suffer.
Community workers along the border pointed out that not only did children and their families face problems with poverty and job shortages, but they also faced a dearth of public services. In the small cities, towns, and rural areas marking the border counties, services were often scarce or unavailable. Residents commented often on the need for training for their children, "What youth need is vocational/technical education, a 'Centro de Capicitacion' or vocational/technical training school. This training would not require youth to have completed all schooling or to leave school. For example, classes could be offered from six to ten p.m. The youth would get out of school and, instead of hanging around in the streets doing nothing, they could be receiving training."
The poverty of the border region, and the consequent health problems, are marked by difficulties with food and water. Fifteen percent of the households usually do not have enough to eat; of these, fully one-third of the households receive no food stamps or other food assistance. Children not attending school regularly cannot take regular advantage of the school lunch and breakfast programs.
Recommendations. Community residents had a multitude of ideas for how to respond to the far-reaching problems faced by Hispanic children in Texas.
Conclusion. Hispanic Children in Texas lays out an initial statement of the areas where need is great and the measures documenting those needs. In doing so, it creates a "baseline" status for Hispanic children from which our progress can be measured. It also suggests an agenda of issues and program needs to be addressed in the future.
Acknowledgments: Dr. Yolanda Padilla and Pamela Hormuth, along with UT Austin graduate students and representatives from other agencies, were instrumental in the Hispanic children project. Dr. Padilla also assisted in the writing of this article.
|| |
August 7, 1997


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- Graduate Degree Programs
- About JCGS
- Admissions
- Graduate Catalog
- Forms
- JCGS Newsletters
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- Swansea@UCO
- Three Minute Thesis
Useful Links - Faculty
Graduate Council
The UCO Graduate Council is a group of Full Members of the faculty and administrators concerned with policy recommendations as they relate to all graduate programs at the University of Central Oklahoma. The Council is composed of 19 members: 15 are elected from faculty, (3 from each of the 5 academic colleges), 3 appointed by the Graduate Dean, and the Graduate Dean him or herself, who is the 19th member.
The Graduate Council consists of four standing committees: The Membership Committee, the Executive Committee, the Curriculum Committee, and the Admissions and Retentions Committee. More Details about the roles and responsibilities of the Graduate Council can be found in the Graduate Catalog under Academic Regulations and Graduation Requirements section.
Appointees from the Office of Academic Affairs, the Library, the Faculty Senate and the AAUP-UCO Chapter serve as liaisons to the Graduate Council. The term of membership expires in Summer of the year indicated in parenthesis. Below are current members of the Graduate Council.New Graduate Council members starting Fall 2013 semester
Admissions & Retention Committee
Ms. Angela Marks Hawthorne (2015), (FAD)
Dr. Sivarama Krishnan (2014), (BUS)
Dr. Jerel Cowan (2016), (EDU)
Dr. James Mock (2015), (LA)
Dr. Alaeddin Abu-Abed (2015), (MCS)
Dr. Wayne Lord (2014), (FSI)
Membership Committee
Dr. Darla Eshelman (2014), (FAD)
Dr. Zane Swanson, (2016), (BUS)
Dr. Melissa Powers (2015), (EPS)
Dr. Shawna Cleary (2014), (LA)
Dr. Hari Kotturi (2014), (MS)
Ms. Lanie Gabbard (2016), (FAD)
Dr. Lalit Manral (2016), (BUS)
Dr. J. Kirk Webster (2014), (EDU)
Dr. John Springer (2015), (LA)
Dr. Thomas Milligan (2016), (MCS)
Ms. Julie Byer (2013)
Faculty Senate
Curriculum Committee
Dr. Warren Dickson (2013) (BUS), (Faculty Senate)
Dr. Wayne Lord (2013) (FSI)
Ms. Julie Byer (Academic Affairs)
Ex officio:
Julie Byer, Liaison between Office of Academic Affairs and Graduate Council
Kirsten Davis, Liaison between University Libraries and Graduate Council
Brian Lamb, Liaison between AAUP and Graduate Council
The Graduate Council will meet at 3:00 p.m. in the Jackson College of Graduate Studies & Research Conference Room, 404 NUC, on the following dates (see Graduate Calendar):
Fall 2013
- September 10th
- October 8th
- November 5th
- December 3rd
Spring 2014
- February 4th
- March 4th
Annual Graduate Faculty Meeting
- April 15 - EDU 101


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Bill Gates had it right for a growing number of Americans. "There's a lot more I can be doing with my Sunday morning," he said, referring to traditional worship.
Increasingly, millions agree evidenced, in part, by the ongoing closings of many venues of worship. Not surprisingly, long-established schools of theology once used to train religious leaders also are shutting their doors.
Although 90 percent of those polled believe in a higher authority, attendance in formal, traditional settings whether the faith is conservative or liberal continues to drop. Yet independent of the choices to forgo traditional means of worship, spirituality remains constant for them.
As several experts have noted, faith is in transition. It is not, however, dying no matter how many physical places of worship are closed.
Enter the corporate chaplain as part of Employee Assistance Programs (EAPs) and the personal chaplain/spiritual adviser retained privately for tailored spirituality by individuals.
They approach spirituality with a secular, ecumenical mindset finding truths in all great religions while judging none of them. They meet with employees in the workplace or counsel degreed professionals and senior executives who find the spoils of success leaving an inner void regarding purpose in a world that is cold, mean and complicated. The "good life" doesn't equal happiness.
Business chaplaincy or using a personal chaplain/spiritual adviser is not about religion or proselytizing. It's about spiritual wellness – exercise for the soul. These spiritual professionals provide an array of services and are a confidential resource.
Even atheists, agnostics or humanists have spiritual needs and the right chaplain or spiritual adviser can play a part in helping them craft the right questions in finding meaning and direction in their life.
Business chaplains or spiritual directors don't give false hope. Nor do they pretend to have answers to the unanswerable whether the death of a child in a traffic accident or premature loss of a parent with a young family. Bad things happen to good people and bad people get away with bad things. A chaplain is a presence during a time of tragedy and a guide and confidant in an intense business or professional setting.
Modern chaplains best able to help someone without belief or those with faith must possess spiritual neutrality and come with an appreciation for the complexities of life and workplace politics and pressures.
Individuals, no matter their income, education, or social status in the community often require some connection to something that transcends what sometimes seems the futility of life.
Belief in something bigger than our selves called God, higher power or simply faith in an afterlife is not declining, no matter how technologically advanced society becomes. It is, however, changing. Belief in something bigger and better can give perspective, provide opportunities for inner stillness, or offer a needed grounding in daily living that defines our humanness.
Today, there are new, unconventional options, though traditional in some ways, for families, businesses and executives – personal and corporate chaplains. These spiritual professionals combine a realistic, practical understanding of the workplace drawing from their own life and careers and connecting the client to something potentially transcendental, going beyond the temporal. As part of an EAP they are expanding wellness of mind and body to include the spirit.
Paul P. Jesep is an attorney, personal and corporate chaplain and author of Lost "Sense of Self & the Ethics Crisis: Learn to Live and Work Ethically". He is founder of Corporate Chaplaincy and consults on ethics and compliance issues.


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Everything is 40% off at the LOFT. During the LOFT's Friends and Family Sale, friendship rules! Be willing to lend out everything you buy to your best friend, roommate, coworker, sister or daughter. Get the code to shop online by signing up for the LOFT's daily emails. Lou & Grey apparel is included in the sale when you use or open a Love LOFT Card.
Look for updated sweatshirts with intricate patterns, rich floral sweaters, softer-than-ever chambray shirts and field jackets to transition into fall. Try pairing sheer chiffon with leather to bring out the best in contrasting weights and textures. Boots and dresses make winning combos and, for a fresh fall look, try layering a patterned sweater over a white blouse and rolling back the cuffs. Denim is back, and more popular than ever this season, as are military and moto jackets.
For a great new campus look, pair a white utility blouse with relaxed skinny ankle jeans. Slightly cropped, they go perfectly with dark socks and chic new boots. Add a floral sweater and roll up the sleeves for a versatile look that's ready to work as hard as you do. A cotton twill military jacket completes the look and takes you through the season and into late autumn.
For an urban cool look that's sure to capture the spotlight, pair a floral v-neck dress in basket taupe with a pair of brown military boots. The contrasting weights and textures bring out the best in both for a runway-fresh fall look. Slip on a denim jacket in high seas blue for a put-together look that transitions effortlessly into fall.
Lou & Grey's new line of easy, texture-rich pieces is now available at the LOFT. View the slideshow for selections from the Lou & Grey Fall 2014 collection.
Among the selections on sale are:
- Quilted diamond sweatshirts $59.50
- Leaf jacquard sweatshirt tees $49.50
- Embellished sweatshirt tees $54.50
- Light chambray softened shirts $54.50
- Woodsy floral sweaters $54.50
- Zip front field jackets $98
- Utility blouses $49.50
- Floral tipped blouses $59.50
- Plaid Henley blouses $54.50
- Windowpane plaid sheer tees $39.50
- Dolman sleeve tees $29.50
- Two-in-one softened shirts $49.50
To see the complete selection of new fall styles or to place an order online, visit the LOFT's website.
The LOFT is located at 100 Columbiana Circle and 470-9 Town Center Place in Columbia.
As always, maximize your style and minimize your spending~


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CME Journal
Member Resources
To our members in New York:
We are pleased to report that the governor of New York has signed the bill extending the grandfathering period for state clinical laboratory licenses until 2016. Although this is not a permanent solution to the problem of lack of official recognition of the role of Pathologists' Assistants in New York, at least it extends by three years the period during which Pathologists' Assistants may obtain a limited license to practice. The available license categories are still not appropriate, since Pathologists' Assistants may only apply for limited licenses as either a Clinical Laboratory Scientist or a Histological Technician, but at least a temporary license to practice in New York can be obtained, for the time being. Since New York officials have said within the past year that a clinical laboratory license is required for the gross examination of tissues, the AAPA recommends that any member practicing in New York who does not already have a New York license as a Clinical Laboratory Scientist or a Histological Technician should obtain a limited license in one of these categories during this period in order to ensure their ability to continue to practice in New York.We would like to ask all of our members currently practicing in New York to get involved in helping to create a more permanent solution to this problem. In just three years, when the newly extended grandfathering period expires, we will revisit this scenario. Our members will again be told by New York that they may not practice without a license, and if we do not act, there will be no license for us to obtain. Over the next few years, talk to your Pathologists. Talk to your colleagues, your managers and administrators. Those of you who work in facilities that have political lobbying departments should speak to your public affairs people. And if any of you have contacts who are involved in the regulation of clinical laboratories or in politics on the state level in New York, by all means talk to them as well. The AAPA will continue to be involved in a dialogue with state agencies and New York laboratorians as well. We will continue to partner with other interested groups such as the ASCP to protect the interests of our members in New York. It will take a concerted effort by all of us, working together, to find a more appropriate and lasting resolution that allows for the recognition of our professional role in New York laboratories.
Thank you,
Rosie Falcon, MS, PA(ASCP)Legislative Adjunct to the Board of TrusteesAmerican Association of Pathologists' Assistants(541) firstname.lastname@example.com
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4/28/2016AAPA Free Article and Quiz for April 2016!
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Prepping the body for exercise is a very important part of a workout, however many decide to forgo this step and it often comes back to bite them in the form of an injury. A warm up is the preparation of the body prior to an athletic event, workout, practice or competition. The risk of injury is reduced as well as muscle aches and pains when one is properly prepared. Physiologically, when a person warms up the circulatory system begins to pump oxygen-rich blood to the working muscles. This prepares the body for the physical demands that come along with physical activity. When muscles are cold (or not properly prepared) they do not properly absorb the shock associated with working out and leave the athlete more susceptible to injury. Aside from injury reduction, a warm up also increases blood flow making the muscles more pliable in preparation for stretching, prepares the heart for increased activity by preventing a rapid increase in blood pressure and improves coordination and reaction time.
Warm up exercises ranges from brisk walking and stretching to jogging/running or using cardio machines. Depending on the workout, a warm up routine could last anywhere from 5 minutes to 30 minutes. Some exercises that are usually included during a warm up routine are: arm circles, jump rope, jumping jacks, skipping, bounding or sprints. Dynamic stretches such as knees to chest, butt kicks, high knees, air punches and jump squats are also great exercises to get the body ready to work at the intended intensity level.
Bottom line, warming the body up prior to working out is essential to keeping the body healthy and injury free. It's like trying to drive a car in the freezing temperatures of winter… It functions better after the car has been started and prepared to drive. Adding a warm up routine can prepare you for a more effective workout. The more efficient the workout, the better you are for doing it.


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$521 Member
Nightstands feature a bow front and antique nickel hardware. Crafted of solid hardwood, each piece is carefully distressed using a hand-applied multistep process to achieve the look of a weathered antique.
Show Details +
- 20"W x 18"D x 26"H
Shown in antiqued black.
20" Empire Rosette Open Nightstand - 20"W x 18"D x 26"H
$521 Member
20" Empire Rosette Closed Nightstand - 20"W x 18"D x 26"H
$499 - $549 Sale
$399 - $439 Member


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Cryptologic-developed online gambling offerings Spider-Man, Fantastic Four and Bejeweled are now available to 888.com players following the news this week that the Dublin-based provider has met the first part of its three-year, cross-platform deal with 888.com .
The relationship between the two veteran Internet gambling companies appears to be working well, because Cryptologic has also announced that the original deal has been broadened, enabling 888 to expand its total suite of CryptoLogic titles to 13.
"It's exciting to see one of the world's premier gaming brands recognize that CryptoLogic delivers a gaming experience that's truly innovative by deepening its relationship with us," said Brian Hadfield, CryptoLogic's President and CEO. "We expect CryptoLogic's new games on 888.com and other planned sites to be highly popular among players - and profitable for our business."
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High-flying state spending by MSHDA official?
Private plane rides, ritzy hotel stays and fancy dinners... those are just a few of the things the head of a state agency has been spending your money on.
Now, the Michigan Democratic Party is calling on the state's auditor general to take a closer look at these travel expenses.
Receipts show: $23,225.38 in rides on state owned private planes; $10,602.90 in first class airfare to China; $30,187.77 for trips to the Middle East where Scott Woosley stayed at a Ritz-Carlton in Saudi Arabia.
Scott Woosley is the Executive Director of the Michigan State Housing Development Authority, a state housing financing agency that's supposed to help low and moderate income people get loans for affordable housing
"What we're seeing is a pattern of abuse by this administration, and their spending. And what we found was very disturbing," said Lon Johnson, the Chairman of the Michigan Democratic Party.
The Michigan Democratic Party asked for the travel and dining receipts, and obtained them through the Freedom of Information Act.
"I don't know why somebody who's trying to build housing in MI is in Dubai, quite frankly. Now there may be reasons they were seeking investors -- travel overseas isn't necessarily a bad thing. What we need though is to make sure we're doing it for the lowest possible expense so that we protect taxpayer dollars," said Rep. Jim Townsend (D-Royal Oak).
The records they're releasing show the Woosley and his staff racked up more than $200,000 in expenses. The receipts show they often stayed at expensive hotels on their overseas trips. On a trip to Nebraska, they rented a limo for seven hours when they flew to the wrong city.
Woosley refused to answer specific questions, but released this statement Thursday:
"I would never expect the State to reimburse what is not properly reimbursable or at a rate that would be inappropriate. I am asking the Department of Treasury to closely review any previously paid expenses to determine if there was anything at all that was inadvertently reimbursed. If any such instances are found, I will write a personal check for anything that was not an appropriate state-approved expense or that meets established guidelines. "There is too much positive action taking place at the state -- and at the Authority -- for any of this to get in the way of our forward momentum. We are moving the state in a direction that benefits all Michiganders. I will continue to do the good work we have started and that is to help meet the housing needs of Michiganders, tackle blight and build strong communities and neighborhoods as well as attract investment, capital, jobs, and economic activity."
A spokeswoman for the Governor says they're looking closely at this and working to make sure all state agencies are following the rules when it comes to travel and expenses.


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Esperanza Spalding returned to Jimmy Kimmel Live last night a Grammy winner, after having appeared in June 2008. How did she celebrate the win? "I went to a party at Prince's house. That did it," she told Kimmel.
The down-to-earth Spalding also discussed Justin Bieber ("he was very sweet") and the myriad disappointed Beliebers: "People kept telling me, like, 'have you heard about this on Wikipedia?' and of course I was like, 'Who cares? It's Wikipedia.'" (Beliebers don't seem to have virulent hatred in them anyway, since the worst Wiki-vandalism Spalding knew of was changing her middle name to "Quesadilla".) She also performed "Really Very Small":


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Great Deals on Time Warner Cable in Edgewater
Find the greatest deals in Edgewater for your Internet, TV and home phone services when you go with Time Warner Cable. How fast is Time Warner Cable DSL in Florida? You won't believe it. Hurry up and make the switch to affordable HD TV in Edgewater. TimeWarner Cable delivers high speed Internet, no fee HD and more to Edgewater.


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Halo: Spartan Strike launches on multiple platforms
Microsoft Studios is once again expanding its Halo franchise beyond genres and beyond platforms. It has just announced the launch of Halo: Spartan Strike, actually its second top-down shooter game that eschews the FPS conventions of the main titles. And also unlike the main titles, which are mostly confined to Xbox consoles, Spartan Strike is available for a whole lot more platforms and devices, including the iPad, the iPhone, Windows 8, Steam, and even Windows Phone. Curiously, there is still no sign of an Android port.


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1, 2, 3, we love to read and count!
We spent the evening celebrating this year's Winter Olympics here in the Children's Room.
Story time this week was all about hugs and kisses.
Tuesday night in the Children's Room was for clues, capers, and mysteries solved.
February 3rd - 7th is Take Your Child to the Library Week!
Look out for dragons, library friends!
Check out this year's award winning titles for children & young adults!
Thanks to all our library friends for joining us during our Book Boogie story time series!
The Children's Room hosted our annual visit from the Soda Pups this week!
Story time is back for another week!
Read the Library Newsletter


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Matthew Martin Battaglia
Position: LB
Height: 6-2 Weight: 225 lbs.
Born: September 25, 1965 in Tallahassee, FL
High School: Lithonia
College: Louisville (school history) (Battaglia college stats)
Weighted Career AV (100-95-...): 1 (13070th overall since 1950)
Other SR Links: College Football at Sports-Reference.com
Our primary support comes from users like you. Sponsor this page for $5. Your message will replace this ad.


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Finding Spring
The varieties of flowering trees and bushes found in cities, public gardens, and
cemeteries are chosen to provide color from early April through October.
designers often pick species that show bright color before our native trees
have woken up. While you're waiting for
the maples to flower, enjoy this landscaped diversity. Early species include Star-
and Saucer magnolia, Japanese cherry, Forsythia, and Azalea. A few weeks later
you'll see ornamental pear, crabapple and honeysuckle. You'll also see crocus,
snowdrops, and daffodils brightening the ground long before the trees leaf out.
Some public gardens publish bloom
schedules of normal years.Others have
public events such as lilac walks, guided tours, or birdwatching.
Read their course schedules carefully for expected bloom times. A garden club's
azalea festival tells you when to expect azaleas. Of course, the flowers don't
always cooperate. Last year's warm winter brought out the flowers almost three
weeks earlier than usual. This year has been normal in southern New England,
but our friends in Vermont are still shoveling. When the bloom of the earliest
species is delayed, they will often flower together with a later wave of color,
making a gorgeous, but brief, display of garden color.
Also, don't forget the
cemeteries. At the end of the 1800s, it became fashionable to design garden
cemeteries, park-like settings that are landscaped with flowering trees,
perennial bulbs, ponds, and rural surroundings. Some, like Boston's Forest
Hills, are famous. Others are known for certain activities such as
bird-watching or gravestone-rubbing or touring their exquisite monuments. If
you're working on your family's genealogy, April is a beautiful time to do some
on-site research. Think about the large cemeteries in your area and visit on a
warm spring day.
Here are some examples of gardens all over New England:
Public Gardens: Notable sites include
the Boston Public Garden and the Charles River Esplanade; Hartford's Elizabeth
Garden; the Coastal Maine Botanical Garden in Boothbay, ME; Rhode Island's
Roger Williams Park & Zoo in Providence and Wilcox Park in Westerly.
Arboretums: Many state
universities have arboretums. In addition to colleges, visit the Arnold
Arboretum in Boston, MA; BlithewoldGardens and
Arboretum in Bristol, RI; the Bartlett Arboretum in Stamford, CT; and the Pine
Tree State Arboretum in Augusta, ME.
Government buildings: The Connecticut state house and Bushnell Park
in Hartford, CT, and the Maine state house and governor's residence have
elaborate gardens open to the public.
Historical homes: Old homes of full-time residents such as the Hildene Estate in Manchester, VT; the Black House in
Ellsworth, ME; and The Fells in Newbury, NH have springtime blossoms . However,
the historical mansions in Newport, RI are not planted for spring bloom because
their owners visited only in the summer season.
Garden cemeteries: The first
garden cemetery in the US was Mount Auburn Cemetery in Cambridge, MA; Swan
Point Cemetery
in Providence
is one of the best birdingspots in Rhode
Island; Laurel Hill in Saco, ME has an amazing display of daffodils; Mount
Pleasant Cemetery in Taunton, MA is on the National Register of Historic Places;
Lakeview Cemetery in Burlington, VT has Victorian architecture; and the Hope
Cemetery in Barre, VT, is famous for its beautifully
crafted granite monuments, 70% of which may have been created by the people
they commemorated.
Shopping centers, garden centers and retailer displays: a local
garden center or your nearest hardware superstore will have cherry trees in
bloom. While you're out, check out the median strips and parking lots in
shopping centers for rows of ornamental crabapples or pear trees. And look for
the projects planted by garden clubs, which exist in smaller cities such as Houlton,
Caribou, and Presque Isle, Maine.


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The Capital Region of NY offers a wide range of Albany hotels - from first-class luxury lodging suites to budget-friendly motel rooms - equipped with the modern conveniences and amenities you need, conveniently located near the places you want to be. Before beginning your Albany hotel search, find lodging deals!
Not only does Albany have nationally-recognized chain hotels and motels, but the Capital Region also plays host to quaint bed and breakfasts, inns and locally-owned hotels. From peaceful and romantic to kid-friendly and fun, there is an Albany lodging choice perfect for every traveler.
Visiting a college in the Capital Region? Albany offers countless lodging options near SUNY Albany, The Sage Colleges, The College of Saint Rose, Siena College and more.


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Wright & McGill Blair Wiggins Flats Blue S-Curve Surf Rod
Key Features
Carbon Nanotube resins increase strength
Stainless steel guides, zirconium inserts
Non-slip, high-density rubber handles
Split-handle design reduces weight
S-Curve blank technology
Our Price $99.99 - $119.99
- Please note: This item can only be shipped to U.S. addresses.
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Product DescriptionDesigned specifically to avoid spooking fish in clear, skinny water, the Blair Wiggins Flats Blue S-Curve rod is like no other rod on the market. The first time you pick up a Blair Wiggins Flats Blue S-Curve rod, you'll immediately notice how light it is and how good it feels in your hands. Exclusive S-Curve technology has made these rods stronger than other rods on the market, yet still sensitive and light. When held up to the sky, the Flats Blue becomes almost invisible, ensuring that you won't spook fish when you wave a rod over their heads.
• Carbon Nanotube resins bind all layers and increase strength
• Lightweight stainless steel guides with zirconium inserts
• Non-slip, high-density rubber handles designed for all-day comfort and a sure grip
• Split-handle design reduces weight, and large fighting butt delivers comfort and control
• Made with incredibly strong, light and sensitive S-Curve blank technology
• Reinforced with a 1k, high-density woven graphite cloth from the fighting butt forward of the foregrip that adds 23-Percent more hook setting power and fish fighting strength


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Olympia Luxury Real Estate
Every luxury real estate listing from every real estate company in the Olympia area
Drag the map to view all luxury homes in the Olympia area, or select a community below.
Minimum Price should be selected from the menu to the right (default to $700,000+). –>
Olympia Luxury Real Estate Communities/Neighborhoods/Locations
The South Sound has some of the most beautiful luxury real estate locations in the world. From Olympia's waterfront on Budd Inlet to the lakefront homes, golf course residences, and rural estates, there are luxury homes in Olympia for every taste.


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Surgery for Weight Reduction and Its Risks
According to the National Institutes of Health (NIH), wound problems and complications from blood clots are common aftereffects of gastric bypass and gastroplasty surgery. The NIH has also reported that those undergoing surgical treatment for obesity have had substantial nutritional and metabolic complications, gastritis, esophagitis, outlet stenosis, and abdominal hernias. More than 10 percent required another operation to fix problems resulting from the first surgery.1
Another tempting solution is liposuction. Studies show that liposuction begets a plethora of side effects, the main one being death! A recent survey of all 1,200 actively practicing North American board-certified plastic surgeons confirmed that there are about 20 deaths for every 100,000 liposuctions, whereas the generally acceptable mortality rate for elective surgery is 1 in 100,000.3 Compared with the 16.4 per 100,000 mortality rate of U.S. motor vehicle accidents, liposuction is not a benign procedure. Liposuction is dangerous.
1. Papakonstantinou, A., P. Alfaras, V. Komessidou, and E. Hadjiyannakis. 1998. Gastrointestinal complications after vertical banded gastroplasty. Obes. Surg. 8 (2): 215–17; Choi, Y., J. Frizzi, A. Foley, and M. Harkabus. 1999. Patient satisfaction and results of vertical banded gastroplasty and gastric bypass. Obes. Surg. 9 (1): 33–35; Guidelines for treatment of adult obesity. 1998. Second edition. Bethesda, Md.: Shape Up America and the American Obesity Association.
2. NIH clinical guidelines, op. cit., p. 81.
3. Grazer, F. M., and R. H. De Jong. 2000. Fatal outcomes from liposuc tion: census survey of cosmetic surgeons. Plast. Reconstr. Surg. 105 (1): 436–48.


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Students looking to earn extra college credits have a great opportunity to do so during Moraine Park Technical College's annual Winterim, Jan. 4-13. Registration for Winterim and spring classes is now open to the general public.A wide variety of classes in several areas of study are available for the Winterim including accounting, culinary arts, leadership, ethics, mathematics, nursing, psychology and water quality/wastewater.Students will also find classes available in many areas of study for the 2012 Spring Semester. These include accounting, automotive, business, child care and development, cosmetology, manufacturing, sociology and tool making and design, as well as those listed for Winterim.Many continuing education and personal enrichment classes are available this spring on Moraine Park's Beaver Dam, Fond du Lac and West Bend campuses, and the Hartford and Ripon regional centers. Classes include ethnic cooking, photography, personal finance, getting the most from your smartphone and taking care of your car.For registration information or a course schedule listing, go to morainepark.edu/register. Or call the Student Services Call Center at 920-924-3207 or 1-800-472-4554 to request information.
Moraine Park Technical College is accredited by the HigherLearning Commission
Contact Info/Legal / TERMS OF USE
Moraine Park Technical College | 235 North National Avenue | Fond du Lac, WI 54936-1940 | An Equal Opportunity College | © 2013


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I was in the control tower at work and it shook pretty good.
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I was in the control tower at work and it shook pretty good.
Since this is a relatively unknown fault that this occurred on, the administration is suggesting that it be named "Bush's fault." :gah:
I live right near the epicenter, about 8 miles away, and fortunately only a couple new cracks formed on the house but still sound as it ever was. I do have some concerns with my shop since I have been hearing it popping and cracking all night!!! Unfortunately, my brother lives less than 4 miles from the center and his place has suffered considerable damage. No earthquake insurance because we don't get them in Va.... till now :/ It will be rough but we'll get him rebuilt!
Just had another aftershock
The first, and hopefully LAST time I get to feel that.
Washing machine off balance? No, not washing. Car hit house? (gets worse).
Me: "Earthquake!" Heads for front door.
My oldest son: "The end of the world!" (runs around panicking)
My youngest son: ???????????????
Wife: "No... Nooo...... Oh God!" (turns on news)
I was in Richmond (35 miles from epicenter) the last several days and was in a meeting on the 3rd floor of a building when it hit. It shook pretty good. Started out mild and built up to a pretty good shake and then stayed consistent at that level for a minute and then tapered off. Weird.
I'll find the loose bricks, cracked walls and slipped joists when I get there, assuming his father in-law doesn't find it first.
There was another afterhsock early this morning, around 1. Woke me up, but I took a few seconds to figure out what had happened.
another government check bounced
Let's see.. Earthquake / Tsuanmi around Thailand, then earthquates in China last year, then Japan this year.... Washington DC this year..... and the north pole shifted by about 6-7 degrees.... so it's done some major shifting.
It's just the earth "adjusting" the plates like it has for millions of years, and it will continue to occur at other places around the world due to the shifting that has occurred. .


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SE Connector Phase To Wrap By Mid-Dec.
Second Of Four Segments Originally Expected To Finish In Spring
Traffic moves along South Main Street at the intersection with the new Stone Spring Road-Erickson Avenue connector road Monday. A ceremony marking the finish of this phase of work is set for mid-December. (Photos by Michael Reilly)
The second phase of Harrisonburg's Stone Spring Road-Erickson Avenue connector project is nearly finished. The view from a new bridge looking west toward the intersection with South Main Street on Friday.
In the next week, workers will…
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Controlling the way linen is used is also essential to preventing unnecessary losses. Establishing formal policies and procedures for the proper use of linen is a common control method. The most important policies to be developed, implemented and enforced are the Rag-out or Discard Policy and the Garment or Scrub Control Policy.
While bed linen may often disappear from hospital premises during patient transfers, scrubs are probably the most common linen item that leaves a hospital, never to be returned. Not only is this an inconvenience to staff that need them, but it's also extremely expensive for the hospital. It's common for hospital administration to "look the other way" when hospital-provided scrubs are worn home. Since it's unlikely that these scrubs will ever be returned, the unspoken message sent by administration is that scrubs have no monetary value.GARMENT/SCRUB CONTROL POLICY
The development and enforcement of a Garment/Scrub Control Policy is essential at any facility where a large number of unauthorized employees have access to and routinely wear hospital-provided scrubs. Since scrub use by unauthorized employees is not often taken into consideration when inventories are established, this unexpected use can erode scrub inventory to the point that O.R. personnel and surgeons must hoard them to ensure adequate apparel.
Consequently, an effective Garment/Scrub Control Policy should:
— Identify which departments and individuals are authorized to access the hospital-provided apparel.
— Allow access to these garments by authorized users only through the use of security methods, such as combination locks, badge readers, etc.
— Inform employees of consequences for failure to return all scrubs issued.
— Define the consequences of documented abuse and noncompliance to the garment control policy, such as automatic payroll deduction.
— Prohibit wearing hospital-owned garments off hospital property.
— Prohibit other employees from wearing scrubs of the same color as those purchased by the hospital.RAG-OUT/DISCARD POLICY
A Rag-out or Discard Policy is designed to ensure that only products in good condition will reach the nursing units. In addition, eliminating rewash of linen that isn't repairable or stained beyond recovery will help reduce reprocessing costs. However, an effective policy should also allow for the identification of mendable linen, thus reducing replacement costs.
The tracking of discards also allows the linen department to measure product life and loss. By knowing how much of its linen replacement is attributed to theft and abuse versus how much is due to normal wear and tear, laundry and linen managers can make informed decisions regarding replacement purchases.
A valid Rag-out/Discard Policy:
— Identifies which stains make a product unacceptable for use, including size, intensity, location and number.
— Identifies which tears or cuts make a product unacceptable for use. A tear near the corner of a sheet may be acceptable, since the patient will not see or be affected by it. A tear in the sleeve of a patient gown, though, will be unacceptable.
— Provides a method for sorting unacceptable linen at the user site, such as a marked hamper bag on the exchange cart or another accessible location. These bags should be emptied weekly and inspected to determine if the linen items are salvageable.
— Provides training for nurses and laundry workers on identification of unacceptable products. Ideally, unacceptable products are to be caught at the laundry and removed from the system before reaching the nursing units, but given the speed and volume at which linen is processed commercially, this expectation isn't realistic.
— Tracks items that are retired from inventory. This may be done manually or by using the inventory module of a linen management software program.BUDGETING DEPARTMENTS
Finally, the hospital should consider establishing a policy that makes linen and hospital-owned scrub apparel budget line items for each department.
Many hospital managers are accustomed to managing budgets for medical supplies and equipment, and linen is another consumable patient care item that also needs to be managed by end users.
A linen management software program will enable a linen manager to establish linen budgets by department, and provide reports that will keep department managers informed as to whether they're operating within their budget.
Now You See It, Now You Don't: A Campaign to Stop Linen Loss, Part 4
Controlling the way linen is used is also essential to preventing unnecessary losses. Establishing formal policies and procedures for the proper use of linen is a common control method. The most important policies to be developed, implemented and enforced are the Rag-out or Discard Policy and the Garment or Scrub Control Policy.


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- Pure Reflections
- Two Prominent Artists in One
- Emel Vardar at the New York Art Fair
- An Exhibition To Satisfy A Longing For Snow
- Turkey Through the Eyes of the Edinburgh Review
- Small Scale, Big Story
- A different angle on different cultures: The 14th Turkey-Germany Film Festival
- American Classical Music Legend to Perform in Istanbul
- Turkey's First Ski Marathon Begins!
- AnadoluJet links Thrace to Anatolia
- Anadolu Jet, Mediterranean University, Mahşer-i Cümbüş Cooperation
- Turkish Airlines and Singapore Airlines Begin Joint Flights
- Another Mileage Promotion From Miles&Smiles!
- Flights to Nairobi Get Under Way
- Increase in flights by Turkish Airlines
- Liquid Restrictions on Hand Luggage
- Turkish Airlines at EMITT Fair for 13th Time
- Uğur Cebeci's First Class Memory: "I Flew In A Splendid Residence!"
Small Scale, Big Story
A successful diorama artist who has served as creative director for several major agencies, Kenan Ataseven is now showing the works he has created on his own to visitors at the İlayda Art Gallery 4 March through 4 April.
Defined as the three-dimensional modeling of a moment, whether of fact or fiction, dioramas are a challenging area of static modeling that require supreme expertise. The salient feature of scale models, each one a handmade work that takes hours to complete, is their ability to reflect a sense of reality despite their small dimensions. The artist has ensured this with great patience and painstaking detail. The materials used in the diorama are extremely varied and creative, ranging from a water bottle cap and a pizza box to a tea strainer and a fragment of wood. The models are on a 1/35 scale; in other words, a table or chair in one of Kenan Ataseven's models is less than half the size of your thumb! Tel: (0 212) 227 92 92


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Many facebook users may have noticed one or two word status update posts from their female friends over the last couple of days. So what exactly does this represent?
It seems women are uniting in their support of Breast Cancer Awareness by sharing the color of their bra on their facebook status. And some of the responses can get pretty interesting.
Women have been showing their support of National Breast Cancer Awareness month for 25 years now, from running marathons to raise money, to providing intimate details to their nearest and dearest friends on social networking sites.
On Sunday, February 21, 2010, supporters can participate in the National Marathon to fight Breast Cancer, which will be held in Jacksonville, Florida. This marathon provides 100% of all registration fees and raised funds to the Mayo Clinic for breast cancer research and to aid women who are fighting the disease.
Even if you are not able to make the third annual 26.2 (registrants can also participate in a half-marathon or relay), there are other ways to help. First of all, pass on the information to help increase awareness. You may know someone who can participate.
Second of all, keep showing support for Breast Cancer Awareness. Whether it is through fundraising, running in a marathon, or proudly sharing the color of your undergarments, the fight against breast cancer begins with an individual: you.


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Sherlock Holmes: A Game of Shadows Movie Reviews
Sherlock Holmes: A Game of Shadows
Release Date: Dec 16, 2011
Genre: Action/AdventureSuspense/Thriller
Rating: (PG-13)
User reviews on Sherlock Holmes: A Game of Shadows
I did not like the first film and i think this film was way better but still pretty ridiculous and overblown. The only thing that is really good about this film is Robert Downey Junior who is a perfect Sherlock Holmes. I also enjoyed watching Downey and Law having a bromance on the big screen, those two have a great chemistry together and it was fun to watch them work together once again. Everything else about this film is pretty mediocre, there are too many things going on in this film and I feel like the director was trying too hard. Overall, the film looks good on the big screen and it is perfect if you want to be entertained and nothing else.
Just excellent - altho I wish he'd shave for some of the more formal occasions!
Better than the first movie. A little slow at first (developing the characters).
However, great action film! Makes you wonder at the end if there will be another movie in tnhe making. Must see!
12/30/11 Gary
I heard that a lot of people did not like this film but I had a great time watching it and recommend seeing it in the theaters. I like action films and this film had amazing action scenes and it was very entertaining. I think Guy Ritchie does a great job with with this film and I really think that people are taking this film too seriously and criticizing it too harsh. Robert Downey Jr. and Jude Law do a great job and by this point it is evident that without Downey this film would be nothing, for me he is the main attraction. Downey and Law have a great chemistry together and it is a pleasure to watch them work together. Overall, I think this film is worth seeing in the theaters.
okay but not great. I felt like they rehashed the whole thinking through before it happens a bit too much resulting in a slow pace of action. guy ritchie is not up for the challenge on this one.
I was a bit disappointed with this film, I really liked the first "Sherlock Holmes" picture but I feel that Guy Ritchie went a little safe with this one and I wish he just went for it instead of holding back. I did not enjoy Ritchie's interpretation in this film and I wish he stuck to the classic characters a bit more. I wish the film did not depend so much on CGI and cliff hangers that did not seem real or intense, Sherlock Holmes should be more about brilliant mind not explosions and humanly impossible escapes. I still loved Downey's performance and interpretation of Holmes but i feel like his talent was a bit wasted on this film. I think that Richie should return to the originals and stop trying to make Sherlock Holmes into James Bond.
Guy Ritchie's Sherlock Holmes was an overly stylized, hyper kinetic movie that bore little resemblance to the character known as Sherlock Holmes. In other words, it was a Guy Ritchie film that just happened to be called Sherlock Holmes. The sequel, A Game of Shadows, is a lot more of the same, and for someone who really didn't like the first movie, that's not a good thing.
This movie has Holmes going up against his nemesis Professor Moriarty, who is creating war in order to profit off of selling weapons. This little bit of plot, and I mean little, leads to a lot of crazy action, explosions and fighting. There is very little of the sleuthing that Holmes is known for. As I felt about the first film, that's fine if this was a completely new character, but Sherlock Holmes is a detective, not an MMA fighter, so it's just weird to see all of this fighting in this movie.
The cast does the best job they can. I did enjoy some of Downey and Law's interactions, and I'm glad to see Noomi Rapace showing up in her English language debut. But Ritchie wasn't meant for the original movie, and he's not doing any better with its sequel.
I thought the film is alright and I had a pretty good time watching it. People will always find something that they do not like about these kind of films but I tried to enjoy my experience and I actually did. I thought that the film looked really great and the acting was pretty awesome as well, I also thought that the story was great. Robert Downey Jr. was great as usual, he really made this role his one and I can not imagine anyone else playing Holmes as well as he does. I thought that Downey and Law had a really good chemistry on screen and I really believed that they were good friends. Overall, this film was pretty good and I recommend seeing it in the theaters.
This is a second film about the adventures of Sherlock Holmes and his friend Dr. Watson, the film is directed by Guy Ritchie and stars Robert Downey Jr., Jude Law and Jared Harris. I liked the first film and this one was not bad either. I really liked the storyline and enjoyed the fact that Holmes had an enemy who was equal in every way, it made the film interesting. I thought the film had really good action and it looked pretty amazing as well, definitely worth seeing in IMAX because visually the film is excellent. I also really enjoyed the relationship or shall I call it bromance between Holmes and Watson. Overall, this film was pretty good and I recommend seeing it in the theaters.
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I have sons and generally have a hard time finding cute patterns for them. I will probably be posting patterns appropriate for little boys most of the time, and I don't think it will happen too often, but I will do my best.
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Oregon Hall of Fame Coaching Staff
Michelle Menkens
Hall of Fame Inductee
Coach Info:
|Hall of Fame Inductee
|Other Position:
|1993 Inductee, Swimming (1975)
When women's athletics was just spreading its wings at Oregon, she provided instant credibility. She was the first woman to win a national title in any sport for the Ducks. Before her career was over, she owned four swimming all-America certificates as a freestyle sprinter.
She captured the Association of Intercollegiate Athletics for Women in the 50-yard event during the 1975 season and held six school records as a freshman. The native of Coos Bay won four events in the fledgling conference meet the next year. The Oregon Daily Emerald said she "probably will never go down in Oregon athletic history as one of the greats. But it won't be because she didn't deserve it." That is no longer the case.