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Huskie fullback a leader on and off the field
Carey, R. Lemon, T. Loos, C. Thomas discuss NIU's upcoming game vs. UNLV
English becomes 10th Huskie in an NFL training camp in 2014
Players move one day closer to full pads
Huskies Meet UMass in Gillette Stadium at 11 a.m. Saturday
NIU faithful greeted the Huskies at the team hotel following their bowl win.
Huskies defeat Arkansas State, 38-20, in 2012 GoDaddy.com Bowl
The Huskies reflect on their time in Mobile
A few of the Huskies share what they want for Christmas and spread some cheer.
Staying at the Waldorf Astoria for the National Football Foundation for the Campbell Trophy presentation, NIU Quarterback Chandler Harnish sees the sites of New York City.
NIU captured its first MAC football championship since 1983, defeating Ohio, 23-20
Career: Set 30 Northern Illinois passing, rushing and total offense records in four years as the Huskies' starting quarterback (see list). Three-time Academic All-MAC selection and was a first team All-MAC choice in each of his last two seasons. Led NIU to a 22-5 record in his final two seasons as a starter. Played in 47 games and started 45 over the past four years. First quarterback to lead NIU to four straight bowl games. Threw for 8,944 career yards on 687-of-1,110 passing for a 61.9 completion percentage with 26 interceptions and 68 touchdown passes. Rushed for 2,983 yards on 538 carries with 24 touchdowns and averaged 5.5 yards per carry. Compiled 11,927 yards of total offense to rank third all-time in the MAC behind only Marshall's Byron Leftwich and Dan LeFevour of Central Michigan, and was responsible for 92 touchdowns (24 rushing, 68 passing). 2011: Earned the Vern Smith Leadership Award from league coaches as MAC MVP. Also named the MAC Offensive Player of the Year. SI.com selected him as an honorable mention All-American. Semifinalist for Walter Camp Player of the Year Trophy. A finalist for the Danny Wuerffel Trophy. The Columbus Touchdown Club selected him as its 2011 Male Athlete of the Year. Finished fourth in the country in total offense yardage as a senior with 4,595. Honored in New York City as one of 16 National Football Foundation Scholar-Athletes for 2011. Earned Academic All-MAC honors for the third time. Named first team All-MAC for second time and was the league player of the year by Rivals.com. Ranked ninth in the nation in total offense, averaging 328.2 yards a game. Only the fourth FBS player all-time to pass for 3,000 yards and rush for 1,000 in a season (Texas' Vince Young, Dan LeFevour of Central Michigan, Nevada's Colin Kaepernick). Of that quartet, Harnish had most rushing yards with 1,379 while his passing total of 3,216 was second-highest. Ranked 15th in the nation in passing efficiency with a 153.01 rating. Led NIU, ranked fourth in the MAC and 25th nationally in rushing with 98.5 yards per game. Top rushing quarterback in the country in 2011 with 1,379 yards. Responsible for a career-high and school-record 39 TDs in 2011 (28 passing and 11 rushing). Has six 100-yard rushing and three 300-yard passing games in 2011 and 11 and six, respectively, for his career. Led NIU to three come-from-behind wins in which the Huskies trailed by at least 13 points. Threw three second-half touchdown passes - of 39, 32 and 22 yards - to lead NIU to come-from-behind 23-20 win over Ohio in MAC Championship game (12-2). Also led Huskies on game-winning field goal drive in final 1:18 to win Huskies' first title in 28 years. Completed 16-of-26 passes for 250 yards. Named MVP of the GoDaddy.com Bowl (1-8) after passing for 274 yards while completing 18-of-36 passes with two TDs. Ran for 148 yards on 17 carries with a 68-yard touchdown run that was the difference in win over Eastern Michigan (11-25). Also threw a 54-yard touchdown pass. Tallied a career-high and Northern Illinois school-record 519 yards of total offense against Ball State (11-15) with 338 yards passing on 26-of-36 completions and 181 yards rushing on 28 carries. Scored on a 49-yard touchdown run and threw a pair of TD passes. Named MAC West Offensive Player of the Week and MAC Player of the Week for the fourth time. Yardage total versus BSU tied for the fourth-highest in the country this season. Compiled 445 total yards of offense and three touchdowns at Bowling Green (11-8) on 151 rushing and 294 passing yards. Passed for 265 yards and a career-high six touchdowns on 17-of-26 passing, while rushing for 133 yards at Toledo (11-1) to earn MAC West Offensive Player of the Week honors. Became the 10th player in NCAA FBS history to rush and pass for 200 yards in a game against Western Michigan (10-15) with 229 rushing and 203 passing yards. His 229 rushing yards against the Broncos were the most by any quarterback in the nation. Accounted for 432 of the Huskies' 697 total yards against WMU en route to earning MAC West Offensive Player of the Week honors. Passed for a career-high 370 yards against Central Michigan (10-1) and accumulated 462 total yards of offense, the third-highest single game total ever at NIU. Tallied 305 total yards against Cal Poly (9-24) and broke George Bork's 48-year old record for touchdowns responsible for. Threw for 164 yards on 14-of-24 passing against Wisconsin (9-17). Completed 27-of-33 passes for 315 yards and two touchdowns at Kansas (9-10), while running for 89 yards and three scores on 11 carries. Garnered MAC West Offensive Player of the Week honors after passing for five touchdowns and running for another against Army (9-3). Finished the game against the Black Knights 12-of-19 passing for 195 yards, and rushed for 80 yards on 11 attempts.
2010: Put together one of the best seasons in school history by a quarterback while leading Northern Illinois to a prolific offensive season, an undefeated MAC regular season and a school record 11 wins. Started the last 13 games of the season for NIU at quarterback after coming back from an offseason knee injury, Originally projected to need surgery, knee responded to rehab and surgery was avoided. Became the first Northern Illinois quarterback to be named first team All Mid-American Conference. Led the MAC in passing efficiency and ranked 11th in the nation with a 157.8 mark. His 258.9 yards of total offense per game ranked third in the league, while his 64.3 yards rushing per game ranked eighth. Named NIU's 2010 Co-Offensive MVP and overall MVP by Huskie coaches and teammates. Broke the Huskies' 47-year-old school record for yards of total offense in a season with 3,366 on 836 rushing and 2,530 passing yards. Was responsible for 28 touchdowns on the year. Completed 189-of-292 passes for a 64.7 percent completion percentage with 21 touchdown passes and just five INTs. Averaged 194.6 passing yards per game. His 2,530 passing yards rank third on the NIU single season charts as do his yards per game total. Tallied three 100-yard rushing games and seven 200-yard passing games on the year. Compiled 21 completions of 25 yards or longer and had eight 25-plus yard rushes on the year. Threw at least one touchdown pass in 11 of 13 games. Capped a spectacular junior season by throwing for a season-high 300 yards and one touchdown while completing 17-of-26 passes, and rushing for 72 yards and two scores on 10 carries versus Fresno State in the 2010 Humanitarian Bowl (12-18). Totaled a season-best 372 yards of total offense in the game. Named MVP of the contest and also earned the bowl's Humanitarian Award during the week for his community service efforts. In the MAC Championship game versus Miami (Ohio) (12-3), completed 15-of-28 passes for 281 yards with three touchdown passes, including one to Martel Moore for a season-long 69 yards. Became the first NIU quarterback to earn MAC West Offensive Player of the Week honors three times in one season after picking up that award, as well as Rivals.com MAC Player of the Week and NIU Offensive Back of the Week, against Toledo (11-9). Threw for 162 yards and one touchdown on 11-of-16 passing while rushing for 149 yards on 13 carries and a score. Posted a career-long 69-yard rush versus the Rockets. Named the MAC West Offensive Player of the Week after throwing for 281 yards and tying his career-high in touchdown passes with three at Akron (10-2). Earned MAC West Offensive Player of the Week honors for the second consecutive week and was named Rivals.com MAC Player of the Week after completing a season-best 20-of-25 passes for 211 yard and two touchdowns, and rushing for 71 yards against Temple (10-9). In his first start of the season, scored on a 47-yard touchdown run on his way to 178 rushing yards, the most by an NIU quarterback since Oct. 6, 1990, to earn NIU Offensive Back of the Week honors against North Dakota (9-11). Also threw for 146 yards on 14-of-25 passing and a touchdown in that contest. The next week, completed 19-of-25 passes for 208 yards and rushed for a team-high 117 yards and a touchdown at Illinois (9-18). Totaled three touchdowns, two passing and one rushing, while throwing for 160 yards on 13-of-26 passing against Buffalo (10-16). Threw for 138 yards on 12-of-19 passing and ran for 69 yards on 11 carries versus Central Michigan (10-23). Completed 18-of-30 passes for 214 yards with two touchdowns, and rushed for 39 yards on 13 carries with one score at Western Michigan (10-30). Led the Huskies to a game-winning touchdown drive in the final minutes of the game and hit Willie Clark on a 21-yard pass to provide the winning margin. Completed 15-of-22 passes for 247 yards, two for touchdowns, and rushed for 21 yards at Ball State (11-20).
2009: Ranked second in the MAC in passing efficiency with a career-best 137.9 rating with 11 touchdowns and only six interceptions. Led NIU in total offense, averaging 189.9 yards a game total offense to rank eighth in the MAC. Rushed for 229 yards and two touchdowns on 89 carries, averaging 22.9 yards a game. Ranked third on the team with two rushing touchdowns. Compiled 1,670 passing yards and 11 touchdowns to average 167 yards through the air a game, a mark that places him seventh on the NIU single season leader list for passing yardage per game. Started in games against Wisconsin (9-5), Western Illinois (9-12), Purdue (9-19), Idaho (9-26), Western Michigan (10-3), and Toledo (9-17), before sitting out in games against Miami (10-24), Akron (10-31), and Eastern Michigan (11-5) due to injury. Returned to the field against Ball State (11-12), before starting in games against Ohio (11-21), Central Michigan (11-27) and South Florida in the International Bowl (1-3). In two-and-a-half games back since missing three with knee injury, completed 50-of-72 passes for 573 and five TDs. Rushed for 128 yards on 43 carries and threw for 675 yards and five touchdowns on 57-of-87 passing through the first four games of the season. Compiled a career-high 337 yards of total offense versus Ohio, throwing for a season-high 307 yards on 24-of-35 passing and rushing for 30. Threw for 206 yards and two touchdowns on 17-of-28 passing at Central Michigan. Passed for 174 yards in each of NIU's 2009 Big Ten games versus Wisconsin and Purdue with 15 completions in each game, and had 184 passing yards and two TDs versus Idaho. Completed 10-of-14 passes for 143 yards in the Huskies' home opener against Western Illinois. Threw two touchdown passes against the leathernecks, including a 20-yard pass to Chad Spann and a four-yard pass to Jason Schepler. Passed for 135 yards and one touchdown toss on 9-of-15 passing versus Western Michigan. Rushed for 42 yards and two touchdowns, while throwing for 157 yards on 15-of-24 passing against Toledo. Threw for 130 yards against South Florida in the International Bowl.
2008: Started nine games and appeared in 10 at quarterback. Garnered Academic All-MAC notice. Led NIU in total offense with an average of 206.7 yards per game and set the NIU record for total offense by a freshman with 2,067 yards. Led the Huskies and ranked 10th in the MAC in rushing yards with 539 on 118 attempts (4.6 yards per carry). Ranked second on the team with four rushing touchdowns. Completed 118-of-211 passes with eight touchdowns for an efficiency rating of 120.7. Averaged 152.8 yards per game through the air, and did not throw an interception in his first four games. Twice named MAC West Offensive Player of the Week, after the Minnesota (8-30) and Kent State (11-18) games. Earned MAC Scholar-Athlete of the Week honors after the Minnesota game. Given the Shea Fitzgerald Memorial Award, honoring the team offensive MVP. Also garnered team award for Offensive Back of the Year. Against the Gophers, completed 17-of-29 attempts for a career-high 326 yards. In that game, threw for two touchdowns, including a 91-yard bomb to Nate Palmer that was the longest play of the year and stands as the fifth-longest play in NIU history. In snowy conditions at Kent State (11-18), accounted for a career-high four touchdowns, two through the air and two on the ground. Threw touchdown passes of 17 and two yards, and ran for scores of 31 and three yards. Totaled a career-high 117 rushing yards on 20 carries, and completed 12-of-19 passes for 173 yards against the Golden Flashes. Went 18-of-36 passing for 288 yards versus Central Michigan (11-12). With NIU trailing 30-6 against the Chippewas, started a comeback with a two-yard touchdown run in the third quarter. Led the team to three more scores in the fourth quarter to send the game to overtime. Passed for 173 yards and three touchdowns versus Toledo (10-18). Had a season-long rush of 32 yards to set up a Mike Salerno field goal in that game. Completed 20-of-40 passes for 186 yards in the Independence Bowl, including an eight-yard touchdown to Kyle Skarb. Went 14-for-22 through the air and ran for 59 yards and one touchdown against Ball State (11-5). Had a pair of 25-yard rushes in that game, the second of which resulted in a score. Ran 19 times for 113 yards, the second-highest total of the season, against Bowling Green (10-25).
2007: Redshirted.
High School: An all-state honoree as a senior after earning honorable mention notice his junior year. One of the Ft. Wayne Journal-Gazette's Gamenight Fantastic 50 as a junior and senior. Twice selected to the first team all-conference and all-area squads. Earned the Northeast Hoosier Conference Player of the Year award in 2005. Named the Ft. Wayne News Sentinel Athlete of the Year as a senior. Participated in the Indiana North/South All-Star game. Career prep totals include 4,760 passing yards and 48 touchdown passes while completing 300-of-565 passes to go with 2,343 rushing yards on 354 carries with 35 touchdowns on the ground. Also played safety where he tallied 129 tackles, seven fumble recoveries, five interceptions, and 13 pass deflections in his career. Holds Norwell High records for career passing touchdowns, passing yards, completions and attempts, as well as all-purpose yards (7,103). Led Norwell to a 14-1 record and the runner-up spot in the Indiana state championship as a senior. Named team MVP as a junior and senior. Four-year letterwinner in football who also started all four years in basketball. Earned first team all-conference honors on the basketball court as a junior. Placed sixth in the discus at the Indiana state championships as a junior. Conference, sectional and regional discus champion who finished sixth in the State finals as a junior.
Personal: Born July 28, 1988 in Bluffton, Ind. Son of LeeAnn and Ron Harnish. Earned his degree in business management and is pursuing a master's degree in business. Owns a 3.65 GPA as a Victory Scholar.
HARNISH'S CAREER GAME HIGHSPass Attempts: 50, at Central Michigan, 10-1-11Pass Completions: 27, at Kansas, 9-10-11Passing Yards: 370, at Central Michigan, 10-1-11Passing Touchdowns: 6, at Toledo, 11-1-11Long Completion: 91, at Minnesota, 8-30-08Rushing Attempts: 28, vs. Ball State, 11-15-11Rushing Yards: 229, vs. Western Michigan, 10-15-11Rushing Touchdowns: 3, at Kansas, 9-10-11Long Rush: 69, vs. Toledo, 11-09-10Total Touchdowns: 6, two times, last at Toledo, 11-1-11Total Offense: 519 (338 passing, 181 rushing), vs. Ball St., 11-15-11


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Table Of Contents
Release Notes for Cisco iSCSI Driver Version 3.1.1 for Linux
Dynamic Target and LUN Discovery
SN 5400 Series System Software Requirements
MDS 9000 Series System Software Requirements
Obtaining the iSCSI Driver and Updated SN 5400 Series System Software
Determining the iSCSI Driver Version
Installing iSCSI Driver Software
Uninstalling iSCSI Driver Software
Software Configuration Tips on the Cisco TAC Home Page
Obtaining Technical Assistance
Obtaining Additional Publications and Information
Release Notes for Cisco iSCSI Driver Version 3.1.1 for Linux
May 30, 2003
Note You can find the most current documentation on Cisco.com. This set of electronic documents may contain updates and modifications made after the hard-copy documents were printed.
These release notes support Cisco iSCSI Driver version 3.1.1 for Linux.
For a list of software caveats that apply to version 3.1.1, see the "Caveats" section. The caveats are updated for every maintenance version and are located on Cisco.com and the Documentation CD-ROM.
These Release Notes describe the following topics:
•Obtaining Technical Assistance
•Obtaining Additional Publications and Information
The Cisco iSCSI Driver for Linux provides an IP host with the ability to access storage through an IP network. The iSCSI driver uses the iSCSI protocol to transport SCSI requests and responses over an IP network between the IP host and a Cisco SN 5400 or MDS 9000 Series system.
Architecturally, the iSCSI driver combines with the IP host's TCP/IP stack, network drivers, and network interface cards (NICs) to provide the same functions as a SCSI or Fibre Channel adapter driver with a host bus adapter (HBA).
The iSCSI driver provides a transport for SCSI requests and responses for storage devices; however, instead of providing a transport for directly attached devices, the driver transports the SCSI requests and responses between the IP host and a Cisco SN 5400 or MDS 9000 Series system via an IP network. The SN 5400 or MDS 9000 Series system, in turn, transports SCSI requests and responses between it and the storage devices attached to it.
Once the iSCSI driver is installed and started, the host proceeds with a discovery process for storage devices.
A more technical description of the driver's design and its features can be found in the readme file that accompanies the iSCSI driver in the downloaded driver archive file.
Note The iSCSI protocol is an IETF-defined protocol for IP storage (ips). For more information about the iSCSI protocol, refer to the IETF standards for IP storage at http://www.ietf.org.
System Requirements
This section describes the system requirements for version 3.1.1 and includes the following information:
•Operating System Requirements
•SN 5400 Series System Software Requirements
•MDS 9000 Series System Software Requirements
Operating System Requirements
•This driver requires a Linux kernel version 2.4.16 or later, running on an Intel IA32 (80386, 80486, Pentium) or equivalent, processor. Compilation requires that the kernel header files match the kernel version you want to use the driver with. Once compiled, the objects and executables can be moved to another host running the same level of the operating system.
•If you are running a kernel binary compiled for you by a Linux vendor, the iSCSI driver must be compiled against the source code distributed by the Linux vendor, without any modifications. The process of compiling a custom kernel from source makes modifications to the files in the kernel source tree, and an iSCSI driver compiled against a modified kernel source tree may not run on a kernel binary distributed by the Linux vendor.
If you have already made changes to the kernel source tree and you wish to run the iSCSI driver on one of the vendor's kernel binaries, you will need to reinstall the kernel source code provided by the Linux vendor.
•The iSCSI Driver for Linux supports single and multiprocessor systems.
•To ensure the best performance for iSCSI drivers, the extended windowing feature of TCP should be enabled on all IP hosts connecting to the SN 5400 Series system. In general, a larger window size enhances SN 5400 Series system performance.
•The receive and transmit flow control feature of the Gigabit Ethernet driver should be enabled on all IP hosts connecting to the SN 5400 Series system.
•If you are using a 3Com Gigabit Ethernet Server network interface card, the minimum supported revision level is "B" (3C985B-SX). Using a card with a lower revision level will decrease performance.
•Linux kernels released after January 11, 2003 may or may not work with this driver, depending on what changes have been made to the kernel's SCSI midlayer code. See the "Important Notes" section for additional information about known problems with Linux kernel code.
Note Additional information about Linux kernel issues can be found in the Linux Kernel HOWTO document at http://www.linux.org/docs/.
Device Names
Linux assigns SCSI device nodes dynamically whenever a SCSI logical unit is detected. Variations in process scheduling and network delay may result in iSCSI targets being mapped to different SCSI device nodes (e.g /dev/sda, /dev/sdb) every time the driver is started. Because of this variability, configuring applications or operating system utilities to use the standard SCSI device nodes to access iSCSI devices may result in SCSI commands being sent to the wrong target or logical unit.
To provide a more reliable namespace, the iSCSI driver scans the system to determine the mapping from SCSI device nodes to iSCSI targets, and then creates a tree of directories and symbolic links under /dev/iscsi to make it easier to use a particular iSCSI target's logical units.
Under /dev/iscsi, there is a directory tree containing subdirectories for each iSCSI bus number, each target ID number on the bus, and each logical unit number for each target. For example, the whole disk device for bus 0, target ID 0, LUN 0 would be /dev/iscsi/bus0/target0/lun0/disk.
In each logical unit directory there is a symbolic link for each SCSI device node that may be connected to that particular logical unit. The symbolic links are modeled after the Linux device naming convention.
•The symbolic link disk maps to the whole-disk SCSI device node (e.g. /dev/sda, /dev/sdb, etc.).
•The symbolic links part1 through part15 map to each partition of that SCSI disk (e.g. /dev/sda1, dev/sda15, etc.).
Note These links will exists regardless of the number of disk partitions. Opening the partition devices will result in an error if the partition does not actually exist on the disk.
•The symbolic link mt maps to the auto-rewind SCSI tape device node for this LUN (e.g. /dev/st0), if any.
•Additional links for mtl, mtm and mta map to the other auto-rewind devices (e.g. /dev/st0l, /dev/st0m, /dev/st0a), regardless of whether these device nodes actually exist or can be opened.
•The symbolic link mtn maps to the no-rewind SCSI tape device node for this LUN (e.g. /dev/nst0), if any.
•Additional links for mtln, mtmn and mtan map to the other no-rewind devices (e.g. /dev/nst0l, /dev/nst0m, /dev/nst0a), regardless of whether those device nodes actually exist or can be opened.
•The symbolic link cd maps to the SCSI CD-ROM device node for this LUN (e.g. /dev/scd0), if any.
•The symbolic link generic maps to the SCSI generic device node for this LUN (e.g. /dev/sg0), if any.
Note Because the symlink creation process must open all of the SCSI device nodes in /dev in order to determine which nodes map to iSCSI devices, many modprobe messages may be logged to syslog. The messages indicate that modprobe could not find a driver for a specific combination of major and minor numbers. These are normal messages that occur when Linux is unable to find a driver to associate with a SCSI device node that the iSCSI daemon is opening as part of the symlink creation process, and can be ignored.
Target Bindings
The iSCSI driver automatically maintains a bindings file (/var/iscsi/bindings). This file contains persistent bindings to ensure that the same iSCSI bus and target ID number are used for every iSCSI session to a particular iSCSI TargetName, no matter how many times the driver is restarted.This feature ensures that the SCSI numbers in the device symlinks described above will always map to the same iSCSI target.
See the readme file for additional information about target bindings and the bindings file.
Mounting Filesystems
Do not add mount entries for iSCSI devices to /etc/fstab because the Linux boot process normally mounts filesystems listed in /etc/fstab before the network is configured. The script "iscsi-mountall" will manage the checking and mounting of devices listed in the file /etc/fstab.iscsi, which has the same format as /etc/fstab. This script is automatically invoked by the iSCSI startup script.
To avoid the configuration problems associated with device name changes resulting from configuration changes and the variability of mapping between SCSI device nodes and iSCSI targets, mount the /dev/iscsi tree symlinks, use filesystem UUIDs or labels (see man pages for mke2fs, mount, and fstab) or logical volume management (see Linux LVM).
Note The iscsi-mountall script may timeout and fail to mount one or more filesystems if one or more iSCSI sessions are unable to login immediately due to network or authentication problems.
Unmounting Filesystems
It is very important to unmount all filesystems on iSCSI devices before the iSCSI driver stops. If the iSCSI driver stops while iSCSI devices are mounted, buffered writes may not be committed to disk and filesystem corruption can occur.
Since Linux will not unmount filesystems that are being used by a running process, before iSCSI devices can be unmounted, any processes using those devices must be stopped.
To avoid filesystem corruption, the iSCSI shutdown script will automatically kill all processes using devices in /etc/fstab.iscsi, first by sending them SIGTERM, and then by sending any remaining processes SIGKILL. It will then unmount all iSCSI filesystems and kill the iSCSI daemon, terminating all connections to iSCSI devices.
Caution Filesystems not listed in /etc/fstab.iscsi may not be automatically unmounted.
Dynamic Target and LUN Discovery
To force the Cisco iSCSI driver for Linux to rediscover iSCSI devices and probe for LUNs, run /etc/rc.d/init.d/iscsi reload. This forces the iSCSI daemon to restart all iSCSI discovery processes and probe LUNs on all iSCSI targets.
See the readme file for additional information about dynamic target and LUN discovery.
Using Multipath I/O Drivers
If you are using a multipath I/O driver, you can adjust several iSCSI driver configuration parameters to improve performance in the multipath environments.
•The MaxDiskCommandTimeout value specifies how many seconds before a disk command is failed out of the iSCSI driver. In a multipath environment, the MaxDiskCommandTimeout value can be set to a small number, such as 5 or 10 seconds. This allows SCSI commands to an unreachable or unresponsive device to fail quickly, triggering the multipath driver to try another path to the storage device.
•The SessionReplacementTimeout value specifies how many seconds the driver should wait for a replacement iSCSI session to be established following a session drop. This timeout is primarily intended to help multipath I/O drivers detect network problems and switch to alternate paths, if available. In a multipath environment, the SessionReplacementTimeout value can be set to a small number, such as 10 or 30 seconds. This allows SCSI commands to fail quickly when an iSCSI network connection drops, triggering the multipath driver to try another path to the storage device.
See the readme file for additional information about using the iSCSI driver in a multipath environment.
SN 5400 Series System Software Requirements
The iSCSI Driver version 3.1.1 for Linux is interoperable with a Cisco SN 5400 Series system running software release 3.2.1 or later. This version of the driver is not interoperable with a Cisco SN 5400 Series system running software release 2.5.x or earlier.
MDS 9000 Series System Software Requirements
The iSCSI Driver version 3.1.1 for Linux is interoperable with a Cisco MDS 9000 Series system running SAN-OS Release 1.1(1) or later.
New and Changed Information
•The iSCSI driver version 3.1.1 iSCSI specification compliance has been upgraded to RFC.
•The iSCSI driver version 3.1.1 includes data and header digest support, configurable on either a per-target or global basis.
•The iSCSI driver interoperates with Cisco MDS 9000 Series systems.
See the readme file for additional information about all new features.
Installation Notes
This section describes how to obtain iSCSI driver software and upgrade an existing iSCSI driver installation, and includes the following information:
•Obtaining the iSCSI Driver and Updated SN 5400 Series System Software
•Determining the iSCSI Driver Version
•Installing iSCSI Driver Software
•Uninstalling iSCSI Driver Software
Obtaining the iSCSI Driver and Updated SN 5400 Series System Software
Registered Cisco.com users can download the most current SN 5400 Series system software, Cisco iSCSI drivers, readme files, release notes and example configuration files from Cisco.com. In addition, information about driver compatibility and other relevant driver information is available on Cisco.com. You can access software and related information by following these instructions:
Step 1 At http://www.cisco.com, log in to Cisco.com. Click Technical Support and Software Center.
Step 2 At the Software Center web page, under Software Products & Downloads, click Storage Networking Software.
Step 3 At the Storage Networking Software web page, click the appropriate link for your software.
Step 4 At the Software Download web page, click the file that you want to download.Another software download web page will be displayed with detailed information about the download file and Cisco's Software License Agreement. Follow the instructions on that and any subsequent web pages to download the software.
Step 5 To install and configure storage router software, see the appropriate storage router software configuration guide and release notes. To install and configure an iSCSI driver, see the readme file that accompanies the iSCSI driver (in the downloaded driver archive file) and the appropriate release notes.
Configuration guides and release notes are available online. You can access online documentation by following these instructions:
Step 1 At http://www.cisco.com, click Products & Services and Storage Networking Products.
Step 2 At the Cisco Storage Networking Products web page, click Cisco SN 5400 Series Storage Routers.
Step 3 At the Cisco SN 5400 Series Storage Routers web page, click Technical Documentation. On the Technical Documentation web page, choose the appropriate link for documentation, release notes, or other related information.
Determining the iSCSI Driver Version
The directory /proc/scsi/iscsi contains a special file that can be used to get iSCSI driver version information, and the status from your iSCSI HBA. The name of the file is the iSCSI HBA host number, which is assigned to the driver by Linux.
When the file is read, it shows the driver version number, followed by a list all iSCSI targets and LUNs that the driver has found and can use.
Installing iSCSI Driver Software
Refer to the readme file that accompanies the iSCSI driver (in the downloaded driver archive file) for complete installation and configuration procedures.
Upgrading to a New Version
To upgrade to a new version of iSCSI driver software, follow these instructions:
Step 1 Unmount all iSCSI file systems and stop the old iSCSI driver. For example, to manually stop the iSCSI version 2.1.2 driver that was installed in the default directory, enter:/etc/rc.d/init.d/iscsi stop
Step 2 Remove the current iSCSI driver. Change to the directory containing the current iSCSI driver and issue the make remove command. You must have super-user (root) authority to remove the driver. For example:cd /usr/src/linux-iscsi-2.1.2make remove
This deletes the appropriate files from /lib/modules and /usr/local/sbin directories. The configuration files in /etc are not deleted.
Step 3 Follow the instructions in the readme file to install the new iSCSI driver software package.
See the readme file for additional information about installing iSCSI driver software.
Uninstalling iSCSI Driver Software
To uninstall the iSCSI driver software, follow these instructions:
Step 1 Change to the linux-iscsi-<version> directory. The <version> is the three digit version. For example:cd /usr/src/linux-iscsi-3.1.1
Step 2 Remove the iSCSI driver. You must have super-user (root) authority to remove the driver. For example:make remove
This deletes the appropriate files from /lib/modules and /usr/local/sbin directories. The configuration files in /etc are not deleted, since they will be needed if another driver is installed at a later time.
Step 3 Back up one directory and delete the source code. For example:cd ..rm -fr linux-iscsi-3.1.1
Upgrading the Linux Kernel
Because the Cisco iSCSI driver for Linux contains a Linux kernel module, the iSCSI driver must be rebuilt and reinstalled if you make any changes to the Linux kernel.
To remove, rebuild and reinstall the iSCSI driver for Linux, follow these instructions:
Step 1 Log in with super-user (root) authority, and change to the linux-iscsi-<version> directory. The <version> is the three digit version. For example:cd /usr/src/linux-iscsi-2.1.2
Step 2 Remove the iSCSI driver. For example:make remove
Step 3 Rebuild the iSCSI driver. For example:make cleanmake
Step 4 Reinstall the iSCSI driver. For example:make install
Because some Linux distributions include versions of this driver in their kernel source tree, recompiling the kernel source tree may create an older version of the iSCSI kernel module. The driver will fail to operate correctly if there is a version mismatch between the iSCSI daemon and the iSCSI kernel module.
If your kernel source tree already contains a version of this driver different from the one you have installed, you must disable the iSCSI driver in your kernel configuration before recompiling a new kernel from source. Leaving the iSCSI driver enabled in the kernel configuration during a kernel rebuild may result in a newer iSCSI kernel module being replaced by an older version from the kernel source tree.
Limitations and Restrictions
The Cisco iSCSI driver for Linux no longer supports a Linux kernel version 2.2.x. The iSCSI driver requires a 2.4.x Linux kernel version.
Important Notes
As of 11 January, 2003 there are several issues with the Linux kernel code that can cause problems when using SCSI devices (including iSCSI devices). Linux kernels released after this date may or may not have fixed these problems.
•All Linux kernels released on or before February 4, 2002 have a known flaw in the buffer and page cache design. When any writes to a buffered block device fail, it is possible for the unwritten data to be discarded from the caches, even though the data was never written to disk. Any future reads will get the prior contents of the disk, and it is possible for applications to get no errors reported.
This occurs because block I/O write failures from the buffer cache simply mark the buffer invalid when the write fails. This leaves the buffer marked clean and invalid, and it may be discarded from the cache at any time. Any future read either finds no existing buffer or finds the invalid buffer, so the read will fetch old data from disk and place it in the cache.
If the fsync(2) function initiated the write, an error may be returned. If memory pressure on the cache initiated the write, the unwritten buffer may be discarded before fsync(2) is ever called, and in that case fsync will be unaware of the data loss and will incorrectly report success.
There is currently no reliable way for an application to ensure that data written to buffered block devices has actually been written to disk. Buffered data may be lost whenever a buffered block I/O device fails a write.
The iSCSI driver attempts to avoid this problem by retrying disk commands for many kinds of failures. The MinDiskCommandTimeout defaults to infinite, allowing commands to be retried forever if the storage device is unreachable or unresponsive.
•The Red Hat Advanced Server 2.1 kernels released as of January 29, 2003 have a kernel bug that can cause unmount to oops. See bugs https://bugzilla.redhat.com/bugzilla/show_bug.cgi?id=74054 and https://bugzilla.redhat.com/bugzilla/show_bug.cgi?id=66251 for more details. Please contact Red Hat and request a kernel update if you encounter this problem.
•All Linux kernels up to and including 2.4.20 have a bug in the SCSI device initialization code. If kernel memory is low, the initialization code can fail to allocate command blocks needed for proper operation, but will do nothing to prevent I/O from being queued to the non-functional device. If a process queues an I/O request to a SCSI device that has no command blocks allocated, that process will block forever in the kernel, never exiting and ignoring all signals sent to it while blocked.
If the LUN probes initiated by the iSCSI driver are blocked forever by this problem, it will not be possible to stop or unload the iSCSI driver, since the driver code will still be in use. In addition, any other LUN probes initiated by the iSCSI driver will also block, since any other probes will block waiting for the probe currently in progress to finish.
When the failure to allocate command blocks occurs, the kernel will log a message similar to the following:kernel: scsi_build_commandblocks: want=12, space for=0 blocks
In some cases, the following message will also be logged:kernel: scan_scsis: DANGER, no command blocks
•Linux kernels 2.2.16 through 2.2.20 and 2.4.0 through 2.4.18 are known to have a problem in the SCSI error recovery process. In some cases, a successful device reset may be ignored and the SCSI layer will continue on to the later stages of the error recovery process.
The problem occurs when multiple SCSI commands for a particular device are queued in the low-level SCSI driver when a device reset occurs. Even if the low-level driver correctly reports that all the commands for the device have been completed by the reset, Linux will assume only one command has been completed and continue the error recovery process. (If only one command has timed out or failed, Linux will correctly terminate the error recovery process following the device reset.)
This action is undesirable because the later states of error recovery may send other types of resets, which can affect other SCSI initiators using the target or other targets on the same bus. It is also undesirable because there are more serious bugs in the later stages of the Linux SCSI error recovery process.
The Linux iSCSI driver now attempts to avoid this problem by replacing the usual error recovery handler for SCSI commands that timeout or fail.
•Linux kernels 2.2.16 through 2.2.20 and 2.4.0 through 2.4.2 may take SCSI devices offline after Linux issues a reset as part of the error recovery process. Taking a device offline causes all I/O to the device to fail until the HBA driver is reloaded.
After the error recovery process does a reset, it sends a SCSI Test Unit Ready command to check if the SCSI target is operational again. If this command returns SCSI sense data, instead of correctly retrying the command, Linux will treat it as a fatal error and immediate take the SCSI device offline.
The Test Unit Ready will almost always be returned with sense data because most targets return a deferred error in the sense data of the first command received after a reset. This is a way of telling the initiator that a reset has occurred. Therefore, the affected Linux kernel versions almost always take the SCSI device offline after a reset occurs.
This bug is fixed in Linux kernels 2.4.3 and later.
The Linux iSCSI driver now attempts to avoid this problem by replacing the usual error recovery handler for SCSI commands that timeout or fail.
•Linux kernels 2.2.16 through 2.2.21 and 2.4.0 through 2.4.20 appear to have problems when SCSI commands to disk devices are completed with a check condition/unit attention containing deferred sense data. This can result in applications receiving I/O errors, short reads or short writes.
The Linux SCSI code may deal with the error by giving up reading or writing the first buffer head of a command, and retrying the remainder of the I/O.
The Linux iSCSI driver attempts to avoid this problem by translating deferred sense data to current sense data for commands sent to disk devices.
•Linux kernel 2.2.16 through 2.2.21 and 2.4.0 through 2.4.20 may crash on a NULL pointer if a SCSI device is taken offline while one of the Linux kernel I/O daemons (e.g. kpiod, kflushd, etc.) is trying to do I/O to the SCSI device. The exact cause of this problem is still being investigated.
Note Some of the other bugs in the Linux kernel error recovery handling may result in a SCSI device being taken offline, thus triggering this bug and resulting in a Linux kernel crash.
•Linux kernels 2.2.16 through 2.2.21 running on uniprocessors may hang if a SCSI disk device node is opened while the Linux SCSI device structure for that node is still being initialized.
This occurs because the sd driver which controls SCSI disks will loop forever waiting for a device busy flag to be cleared at a certain point in the open routine for the disk device. Because this particular loop will never yield control of the processor, the process initializing the SCSI disk device is not allowed to run, and the initialization process can never clear the device busy flag which the sd driver is constantly checking.
A similar problem exists in the SCSI generic driver in some 2.4 kernel versions. The sg driver may crash on a bad pointer if a /dev/sg* device is opened while it is being initialized.
Caveats describe unexpected behavior or defects in iSCSI software versions. Severity 1 caveats are the most serious caveats; severity 2 caveats are less serious.
This document describes open and resolved severity 1 and 2 caveats and selected caveats of other severities:
•The "Open Caveats" section lists open caveats that apply to the current version and may apply to previous versions.
•The "Resolved Caveats" section list caveats resolved in this version, but open in previous versions.
Within the sections, the caveats are sorted alphanumerically by caveat number.
Note If you have an account with Cisco.com, you can use Bug Navigator II to find caveats of any severity for any version. You can reach Bug Navigator II on Cisco.com at Service & Support:
Open Caveats
When running Red Hat Advanced Server 2.1, the traffic unexpectedly stops and the Linux host is unavailable. The Red Hat Advanced Server 2.1 kernels released as of January 29, 2003 have a kernel bug that can cause unmount to oops. See bugs https://bugzilla.redhat.com/bugzilla/show_bug.cgi?id=74054 and https://bugzilla.redhat.com/bugzilla/show_bug.cgi?id=66251 for more details.
Workaround: Avoid unmounting a filesystem while other heavy I/O is occurring. Please contact Red Hat and request a kernel update if you encounter this problem.
Resolved Caveats
SMP systems can deadlock the iSCSI driver. If the driver receives multiple Async events on long-lived discovery sessions indicating new targets are available in rapid succession, the driver may deadlock on SMP systems.
Async events are generated by a Cisco SN 5400 Series system whenever the access list associated with a target is changed. For example, issuing the following CLI command will generate one event for each target that exists on the SCSI routing instance named sr1:[SN5428A] scsirouter sr1 target all accesslist any
Workaround: Change target access list associations one target at a time, and execute the commands slowly, or upgrade to the iSCSI driver for Linux, version 3.1.1.
Related Documentation
The following sections describe the related documentation available for the iSCSI Driver version 3.1.1 for Linux, and the Cisco SN 5400 and MDS 9000 Series systems. These documents consist of the iSCSI driver release notes and readme file, and the SN 5400 and MDS 9000 Series system hardware installation and software configuration guides.
The SN 5400 and MDS 9000 Series system hardware installation and software configuration documentation sets are available as printed manuals or electronic documents. The iSCSI driver readme file is available in electronic format, as part of the software download package. See the "Obtaining the iSCSI Driver and Updated SN 5400 Series System Software" section for details.
Release-Specific Documents
This Release Notes document is the only document specific to iSCSI Driver version 3.1.1 for Linux. It is located on Cisco.com and the Documentation CD-ROM.
Each release of SN 5400 and MDS 9000 Series system software includes an associated Release Notes document, which is also available as an electronic document on Cisco.com and the Documentation CD-ROM.
Hardware Documents
Refer to the appropriate SN 5400 or MDS 9000 Series system hardware installation guide for hardware installation procedures. The Cisco SN 5428 Storage Router Hardware Installation Guide provides hardware installation procedures for SN 5428 Storage Routers. The Cisco SN 5428-2 Storage Router Hardware Installation Guide provides hardware installation procedures for SN 5428-2 Storage Routers. These documents are available as printed manuals. They are also available as electronic documents on Cisco.com and the Documentation CD-ROM
Software Documents
Refer to the appropriate SN 5400 or MDS 9000 Series system software configuration guide for software configuration information. The Cisco SN 5428 Storage Router Software Configuration Guide Release 3.2 provides configuration information for SN 5428 Storage Routers. The Cisco SN 5428-2 Storage Router Software Configuration Guide Release 3.2 provides configuration information for SN 5428-2 Storage Routers. These documents are available as printed manuals. They are also available as electronic documents on Cisco.com and the Documentation CD-ROM.
For documentation on the SN 5400 Series system web-based GUI, refer to the SN 5400 Series system web-based GUI online Help system.
Service and Support
For service and support for a product purchased from a reseller, contact the reseller, who offers a wide variety of Cisco service and support programs described in "Service and Support" of Cisco Information Packet shipped with your product.
Note If you purchased your product from a reseller, you can access Cisco.com as a guest. Cisco.com is Cisco Systems' primary real-time support channel. Your reseller offers programs that include direct access to Cisco.com services.
For service and support for a product purchased directly from Cisco, use Cisco.com.
Software Configuration Tips on the Cisco TAC Home Page
A variety of Cisco SN 5400 Series system software and iSCSI driver installation, configuration and usage tips are available on the Cisco Technical Assistance Center (TAC) Web Site.
You can access "tech tips" by following these instructions:
Step 1 At http://www.cisco.com, log in to Cisco.com. Click Technical Support, and select Hardware Support from the menu.
Step 2 At the Hardware Support web page, click Storage Networking Devices from the Hardware Support menu on the left side of the page.
Step 3 At the Storage Networking Devices web page, click the appropriate link for your system. For example, click the SN 5428 Storage Routers link.
Step 4 Click the Troubleshooting link, and then click the appropriate links for information about installing, configuring, and troubleshooting SN 5400 Series system software and iSCSI drivers.
Obtaining Documentation
Cisco provides several ways to obtain documentation, technical assistance, and other technical resources. These sections explain how to obtain technical information from Cisco Systems.
You can access the most current Cisco documentation on the World Wide Web at this URL:
You can access the Cisco website at this URL:
International Cisco web sites can be accessed from this URL:
Documentation CD-ROM
Cisco documentation and additional literature are available in a Cisco Documentation CD-ROM package, which may have shipped with your product. The Documentation CD-ROM is updated monthly and may be more current than printed documentation. The CD-ROM package is available as a single unit or through an annual subscription.
Registered Cisco.com users can order the Documentation CD-ROM (product number DOC-CONDOCCD=) through the online Subscription Store:
Ordering Documentation
You can find instructions for ordering documentation at this URL:
You can order Cisco documentation in these ways:
•Registered Cisco.com users (Cisco direct customers) can order Cisco product documentation from the Networking Products MarketPlace:
•Registered Cisco.com users can order the Documentation CD-ROM (Customer Order Number DOC-CONDOCCD=) through the online Subscription Store:
•Nonregistered Cisco.com users can order documentation through a local account representative by calling Cisco Systems Corporate Headquarters (California, U.S.A.) at 408 526-7208 or, elsewhere in North America, by calling 800 553-NETS (6387).
Documentation Feedback
You can submit comments electronically on Cisco.com. On the Cisco Documentation home page, click Feedback at the top of the page.
You can email your comments to email@example.com.
You can submit your comments by mail by using the response card behind the front cover of your document or by writing to the following address:
Cisco Systems
Attn: Customer Document Ordering
170 West Tasman Drive
San Jose, CA 95134-9883
We appreciate your comments.
Obtaining Technical Assistance
Cisco provides Cisco.com, which includes the Cisco Technical Assistance Center (TAC) Website, as a starting point for all technical assistance. Customers and partners can obtain online documentation, troubleshooting tips, and sample configurations from the Cisco TAC website. Cisco.com registered users have complete access to the technical support resources on the Cisco TAC website, including TAC tools and utilities.
Cisco.com offers a suite of interactive, networked services that let you access Cisco information, networking solutions, services, programs, and resources at any time, from anywhere in the world.
Cisco.com provides a broad range of features and services to help you with these tasks:
•Streamline business processes and improve productivity
•Resolve technical issues with online support
•Download and test software packages
•Order Cisco learning materials and merchandise
•Register for online skill assessment, training, and certification programs
To obtain customized information and service, you can self-register on Cisco.com at this URL:
Technical Assistance Center
The Cisco TAC is available to all customers who need technical assistance with a Cisco product, technology, or solution. Two levels of support are available: the Cisco TAC website and the Cisco TAC Escalation Center. The avenue of support that you choose depends on the priority of the problem and the conditions stated in service contracts, when applicable.
We categorize Cisco TAC inquiries according to urgency:
•Priority level 4 (P4)—You need information or assistance concerning Cisco product capabilities, product installation, or basic product configuration.
•Priority level 3 (P3)—Your network performance is degraded. Network functionality is noticeably impaired, but most business operations continue.
•Priority level 2 (P2)—Your production network is severely degraded, affecting significant aspects of business operations. No workaround is available.
•Priority level 1 (P1)—Your production network is down, and a critical impact to business operations will occur if service is not restored quickly. No workaround is available.
Cisco TAC Website
You can use the Cisco TAC website to resolve P3 and P4 issues yourself, saving both cost and time. The site provides around-the-clock access to online tools, knowledge bases, and software. To access the Cisco TAC website, go to this URL:
All customers, partners, and resellers who have a valid Cisco service contract have complete access to the technical support resources on the Cisco TAC website. Some services on the Cisco TAC website require a Cisco.com login ID and password. If you have a valid service contract but do not have a login ID or password, go to this URL to register:
If you are a Cisco.com registered user, and you cannot resolve your technical issues by using the Cisco TAC website, you can open a case online at this URL:
If you have Internet access, we recommend that you open P3 and P4 cases through the Cisco TAC website so that you can describe the situation in your own words and attach any necessary files.
Cisco TAC Escalation Center
The Cisco TAC Escalation Center addresses priority level 1 or priority level 2 issues. These classifications are assigned when severe network degradation significantly impacts business operations. When you contact the TAC Escalation Center with a P1 or P2 problem, a Cisco TAC engineer automatically opens a case.
To obtain a directory of toll-free Cisco TAC telephone numbers for your country, go to this URL:
Before calling, please check with your network operations center to determine the level of Cisco support services to which your company is entitled: for example, SMARTnet, SMARTnet Onsite, or Network Supported Accounts (NSA). When you call the center, please have available your service agreement number and your product serial number.
Obtaining Additional Publications and Information
Information about Cisco products, technologies, and network solutions is available from various online and printed sources.
•The Cisco Product Catalog describes the networking products offered by Cisco Systems as well as ordering and customer support services. Access the Cisco Product Catalog at this URL:
•Cisco Press publishes a wide range of networking publications. Cisco suggests these titles for new and experienced users: Internetworking Terms and Acronyms Dictionary, Internetworking Technology Handbook, Internetworking Troubleshooting Guide, and the Internetworking Design Guide. For current Cisco Press titles and other information, go to Cisco Press online at this URL:
•Packet magazine is the Cisco monthly periodical that provides industry professionals with the latest information about the field of networking. You can access Packet magazine at this URL:
•iQ Magazine is the Cisco monthly periodical that provides business leaders and decision makers with the latest information about the networking industry. You can access iQ Magazine at this URL:
•Internet Protocol Journal is a quarterly journal published by Cisco Systems for engineering professionals involved in the design, development, and operation of public and private internets and intranets. You can access the Internet Protocol Journal at this URL:
•Training—Cisco offers world-class networking training, with current offerings in network training listed at this URL:
This document is to be used in conjunction with the documents listed in the "Related Documentation" section.
Copyright © 2003 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved.

subset: commoncrawl


text:
College Hockey:Irish Sweep Wildcats
Four Power-Play Goals Buoy No. 2 Notre Dame
SOUTH BEND, Ind. — Penalties again proved to be too much for the Northern Michigan Wildcats to overcome, as they surrendered four power-play goals in a 5-2 loss to No. 2 Notre Dame on Saturday night.
For the second consecutive night, Notre Dame (23-5-3 overall, 17-4-3-3 in the CCHA) put on a power-play clinic, scoring their first four goals of the game with the man advantage. In the weekend series, the Fighting Irish racked up a stunning 10 goals while a man up.
It's all timing, said Notre Dame coach Jeff Jackson. I wish we could save some of these for another night. Our kids were moving the puck well. Both units played extremely well.
Different guys got different looks. There was really no one guy you could isolate. I thought everybody was effective.
We took ourselves down, said NMU coach Walt Kyle regarding his team's taking too many penalties.
The calls were legit. We put ourselves in a big hole, with no chance to dig out.
After splitting their last two series, Notre Dame picked up an important sweep against a feisty NMU squad that came into the weekend riding a seven game unbeaten streak.
Walt's team is probably going through a little bit of what we went through, said Jackson. You're playing teams at the lower part of the standings and not as high-tempo, and you start getting into some bad habits. You're still winning, although your team may not be playing as well as you'd like. That probably happened a little bit to them.
For the Wildcats (11-15-4; 8-12-4-3 CCHA), their task doesn't get any easier. They must hit the road again next week to take on another top 10 team, the Miami RedHawks. Kyle saw some positives for his team to carry into next weekend, particularly from his freshman and sophomores, but he was unhappy with his upperclassmen. NMU junior and senior players were rung up for six of the eight penalties on Saturday.
We had real good performances by our young guys, said Kyle. but the guys that have been here need to play better in these big games. They need to play better and be more committed to being disciplined. We come in as the least-penalized team in the league, then we have a weekend like this where we take too many penalties. It's not where we want to be.
Jordan Pearce looked much stronger in net on Saturday for his Irish. The senior netminder stopped 17 of 19 shots on the night.
He was better for us tonight, said Jackson of his goaltender. He's been solid for us all year long. He got more support from the back end. We were much better in front of him tonight. It let him get a little confidence back after last night.
At the other end of the ice, NMU goaltender Brian Stewart struggled, getting pulled early in the second period in favor junior Derek Janzen.
Neither night was it Stewie's fault, said Kyle. I pulled Stewie to try to change the momentum. We got it back to 4-2, but [Notre Dame] is a very good team. They controlled the game and dominated.
Just like last night, Notre Dame was able to jump out to a significant lead over Northern Michigan, thanks to a number of NMU penalties and a good power play.
Notre Dame enjoyed a nearly-uninterrupted power play over the final five minutes of the first period, as the Wildcats had significant trouble staying out of the penalty box. NMU saw five players go to the box in a span of eight minutes over the latter part of the opening period. The Irish were able to capitalize twice on the late power plays.
Billy Maday put the Irish on the board at 18:37 with a five-on-three goal, as he picked up a Brett Blatchford shot from the point that ricocheted off the boards behind the net and onto his stick out front. He went top shelf for his 11th goal of the season. Kevin Deeth added an assist.
The Fighting Irish struck again moments later with another five-on-three marker. Deeth won the faceoff deep in the Wildcat zone, fed a pass to Maday, who then passed to Calle Riderwall along the opposite boards. The Swedish winger blasted a shot from the circle beating Stewart for his 14th goal of the year.
Notre Dame added two more power play goals early in the second period. Kyle Lawson was the recipient of a nice tic-tac-toe that allowed him to score his second goal of the season. The goal came thirty seconds into the period and was assisted by Erik Condra and Ben Ryan.
Ben Ryan added his ninth of the year at 3:18 of the period, taking a Condra pass from across the ice and slamming it past Stewart for the 4-0 Notre Dame lead.
After the Ryan goal, Stewart was replaced in net by Derek Janzen, the second consecutive night a goalie switch was made during the game.
Gregor Hanson got the Wildcats on the board with a pair of goals coming at 5:01 and 9:18 to cut the lead to 4-2.
It was all Gregor. He was the best forward for us on the ice tonight, said Kyle. He made some big plays. He was the best guy for us all weekend. I thought he did a great job.
Garrett Regan capped the scoring at 12:55 of the second, notching his seventh tally of the season on a beautiful tip-in off the shot of Ian Cole.
Notre Dame finished the night 4 of 8 with the man advantage, and 10 of 16 on the weekend.
In contrast, NMU was shut out on Saturday in six tries.
The following is a self-policing forum for discussing views on this story. Comments that are derogatory, make personal attacks, are abusive, or contain profanity or racism will be removed at our discretion. USCHO.com is not responsible for comments posted by users. Please report any inappropriate or offensive comments by clicking the "Flag" link next to that comment in order to alert the moderator.
Please also keep "woofing," taunting, and otherwise unsportsmanlike behavior to a minimum. Your posts will more than likely be deleted, and worse yet, you reflect badly on yourself, your favorite team and your conference.


text:
Roller Derby Women's Star 600 Roller Skates
Product Information:
Designed to give you total freestyle comfort, the Roller Derby® Women's Star 600 Roller Skates feature comfort fit boots with polyethylene foam and high ankle support. Their strong RTX Pro frames were built for long skate sessions and the 56mm urethane wheels roll smooth through the streets. The Star 600 skates have supportive reinforced heels and lace closures for optimal stability. Use the front brake system to slow down your quick speed.
- Freestyle comfort fit boot
- RTX Pro Chassis
- 56mm urethane wheels
- 608ZB sealed bearings
- Padded lining and polyethylene foam
- Lace closure
- Reinforced heel support
- Style: U723W
- Roller Derby
Country of Origin: ChinaWeb ID: 20036346
Customer Reviews:
Rated 4.6 out of 5 by 44 reviewers.
Rated 4 out of 5 by Sandy122 Great skates Love them. The only thing that I see could make them better is that they need a better insole. It is very thin an moves around when putting them in and off. June 7, 2016
Rated 5 out of 5 by Jamiesmom99 LOVE my new roller skates!!!!! These have a very nice lining that is soft & fleecy making them extremely comfortable to wear. I have had to wear 2 pairs of sock with my skates in the past & now I don't. They also fit true to size. You will not be disappointed with these skates. January 19, 2016
Rated 4 out of 5 by sistshaw Great item, fast shipping Arrived just in time for Christmas and my granddaughter loved them. January 14, 2016
Rated 5 out of 5 by Golfgirl Love the skates These skates are great & our 11 yr. old Grand daughter loves them... January 11, 2016
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Rated 5 out of 5 by mema fine skates Product arrived as advised and skates are as advertised. November 17, 2015
Rated 4 out of 5 by Becky Christmas present Don't know yet. They look good and my grandaughters will love the color. September 19, 2015
Rated 5 out of 5 by Tiffany1 Love the skates The skates arrived on time and in perfect condition. I love them. July 28, 2015
Rated 4 out of 5 by Mamalew Good I spent about $47 on the skates and when they came in the mail my 11 year old and 17 year old daughters and I skated for several hours. Skates worked perfect. At first i didn't like how the wheel base rocked back and forth but after using them it turned out to be helpful in turns and ease with skating. The skates do run large, I'm a size 10 in sneakers so got the skates in a size ten and they fit like a size 11. The time I spent with my girls and the laughter was priceless.... July 27, 2015
Rated 4 out of 5 by Lyne This product is wonderful! This product being available for purchase was wonderful! The roller skates fit just as comfortably as was noted in the online description. February 16, 2015


text:
The eight seeded Liberal soccer team went to top seed Salina Central and beat them 2-1 in double overtime Thursday night at Salina Stadium. One of Salina Central's best players received a red card for pushing over a Redskin meaning the Mustangs played with 10 much of the night. Despite that, Central still built a 1-0 lead on a penalty kick.
Esteban Michel scored Liberal first goal about midway through the second half to tie the game. Ricardo Castro had the assist. Misael Gonzalez scored the winning goal in double overtime assisted by Jason Rios. Salina Central won the shots on goal statistic 12-8 but lost.
The Redskins are 9-8-1 and Salina Central finishes 15-3 one year after Liberal beat at 17-2 Salina Central team in the quarterfinals also at Salina.
The Redskins play WAC rival Great Bend Tuesday night. The Panthers had never defeated Liberal until two wins over LHS this season.
©2016 Seward County Broadcasting Company, Inc.
1410 N. Western Ave. Liberal, KS 67901


text:
Though most businesses take it for granted that they need a business sign, others may need some convincing that the expense of creating signage is truly warranted. Of course, many business owners and marketing professionals not only support the concept of the business sign, they advise that signs need to be effective. Moreover, business owners need to keep in mind that signs are actually one of the least expensive and most effective means to market a business.
Build and Reinforce Your Brand
A business sign is, in many ways, the face of a business. It's one of the first things traffic will notice. It's their 'business curb appeal, if you will. The more enticing the sign, the more likely it will be noticed. Of course, design elements aside, signs are a substantial way to promote your business's brand. By effectively displaying your logo and business name, you promote your business each time someone looks at your sign. Your business sign keeps marketing for you long after you've paid for its production. Strong brand recognition is vital for businesses to compete at the local and global levels.
Attract Customers and Clients
A nondescript sign isn't likely to support your business as well as a well-designed sign that is appealing and eye catching. A great sign will attract people and entice them through your doors. A poorly made sign can actually put off a customer. What does your business sign say about your company? What do you want it to say? Signs typically make the first impression on a potential customer. You want that impression to set the right tone, and a good sign can do that.
What Types of Signs Are Most Effective?
Although we pass many creative and well-made signs each day, we also see a myriad of uninteresting signs. Clearly, not every business knows what makes an effective sign. This is why it's important to work with a professional sign company that specializes in design. Their staff can help any type of business create a unique sign to market the business for the long haul. Their understanding of materials and sign design can lead businesses to effective signage for their interior as well as their exterior.
The Benefits of a Good Sign
Well-designed signs made with superior materials should last for a long period of time. In terms of marketing the business, an effective sign can pay for itself within a short amount of time. After you install you new signage, try to track how many customers say that they "saw the sign." You'll realize what a smart investment a great sign can be since it will work for your business 24/7 every day of the year. When you consider the cost of radio, television, and print advertising, quality signs are an economical marketing solution.
While any business needs a sign, every business should consider that an effective sign can do more for their business than a non-effective sign can. It's worth it to invest in a sign designed and made by a professional sign company.
"Creating Effective Lobby Directory Signs", Jerry D. Russell, http://jerrydrussell.com/business-2/creating-effective-lobby-directory-signs/
"Why do I need a sign for my business?", The U.S. Small Business Administration, http://www.sba.gov/content/why-do-i-need-sign-my-business
"Importance of Signage in a Business", Small Business Chron, http://smallbusiness.chron.com/importance-signage-business-3348.html


text:
John Alvin Kennedy, 84, of Hooker, Oklahoma passed away July 25, 2014 at Ranchwood Care Center in Yukon, Oklahoma.
John was born August 26, 1929 in Campo, Colorado, the son of John Clifford and Edna Payne McAdams Kennedy. At the age of four he moved with his family to Oklahoma on the Kennedy Homestead, northwest of Hooker, Oklahoma. He attended Block School and later Hooker Schools.
John was united in marriage to Ruby Koehn in Kismet, Kansas on July 20, 1952. He began working as a mechanic for Voiles Ford in Hooker and they then moved to Liberal, Kansas where he worked for the Ford garage. While working as a mechanic he helped his Dad farm.
In the early 1960's they moved back to Hooker where John was a mechanic for Hodges Ford, he also worked on cars privately. In 1980 they moved to the homestead to farm full time. When he retired they moved to Guymon, Oklahoma and in 2012 moved to Yukon, Oklahoma.
He was a member of the Gospel of Grace Church in Hooker, Oklahoma where he was a past head usher and was a member of the Good Sam Motor Club.
Preceding him in death are his parents, one brother, Chester Kennedy, two sisters, Luella Kennedy and Ninetta Ransey.
Members of the family include his wife, Ruby of Yukon, Oklahoma; one son, Jerry Kennedy and Patty of Hooker, Oklahoma; two daughters, Renata Gawith and Paul of Vancouver, Washington and Janita Whipple of Yukon, Oklahoma; two sisters, Iva Franke of Liberal, Kansas and Ellen Monroe of Hooker, Oklahoma; eight grandchildren, Dana Tollison and Dale, Jeremy Kennedy, Joshua Kennedy and Jennifer, Paul Christian Gawith, Timothy Gawith, Maegan Gawith, Kylee Whipple, Anna Whipple; six great grandchildren, Kayla, Kenyon, Kase, Jaden, Olivia, Jackson; one great greatgrandson, Lennox.
Funeral services will be at 2:00 p.m., Thursday, July 31, 2014 at the Gospel of Grace Church in Hooker, Oklahoma with Odie Nunley officiating. Interment will be in the Hooker Cemetery under the direction of Roberts Brothers Funeral Home, Inc. in Hooker, Oklahoma.
Condolences may be left at www.robertsbrothersfuneralhome.com
©2016 Seward County Broadcasting Company, Inc.
1410 N. Western Ave. Liberal, KS 67901


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Taxes. Women hear the word and faint. Children cry. Men purchase TurboTax and hope for the best. Nobody likes paying them, yet there are those within America that take protesting taxes to a completely different level: the infamous Tea Party. The Tea Party movement captured my attention one year ago when the numerous misspelled protest signs were first splattered all over the internet. Curiosity ultimately got the best of me, and I reached out to the Tea Party in my hometown. What is it exactly that they believe in? What makes them tick?
The conversations I had with several protesters led me to a fairly easy conclusion: they're moochers. Every single one of us knows at least one moocher. Like your buddy at the bar who wants to share a pitcher of beer, yet when the bill comes, he doesn't have the cash and will make it up to you "next time." Or the friend you routinely give a ride home from work who never offers to help pay for gas but has no qualms criticizing the lack of air conditioning in your car. Or the president who starts a trillion dollar war on false pretenses and then leaves the check and the mess for the next guy in line. You know, moochers.
Moochers are people who want to enjoy something without having to pay for it. Tea Party protesters, it seems, hate taxes. I was informed by the protesters I spoke to that there is no agenda other than lowering the extremely high taxes Americans are forced to pay. Interesting. Those taxes collect money for public services I rather enjoy, like roads, schools, public transportation, police protection, and those fire fighter guys who were heroes on 9/11. All the above are funded by public tax dollars, and one need only look at faltering American schools nationwide or take a drive down any Michigan highway to understand our infrastructure isn't doing so well. Yet Tea Party protesters want top-notch public services -- they just don't want to pay for any of it.
I casually mentioned to the Tea Party member I spoke to that he must have been livid about the Iraq War. He acted surprised by my comment and informed me he was a supporter of the invasion. I casually mentioned that the Congressional Budget Office estimates we've spent $752 billion in Iraq and Afghanistan since 2001, funding which hasn't come through regular appropriations bills. Add that to our defense budget of $895 billion for the fiscal year of 2010 and our military budget is in the $1.6 trillion neighborhood. To put that in perspective, the planned budget for health care for 2010 is $829 billion, or $818 billion less, which is nearly half of what we spend on defense. That's a lot of cheese.
If Tea Party protesters are truly angry about taxes, they must be mad as hell at our military expenditures, as that's where the majority of our tax dollars are diverted. Shockingly, the protester told me that military spending "is a necessity" and shouldn't be considered when discussing taxes. Now health care, that was an entirely different matter, proving once and for all Tea Party protesters aren't angry about taxes--they're angry about taxes funding programs they don't support, which is basically any program that comes out of President Obama's mouth.
With this knowledge in hand, I watched with amusement as the Tea Party gang rolled into Boston and handed out "Don't Tread on Me" flags. Of course they don't want to be treaded on -- moochers hate being mooched upon. After all, it's their job to be the social pariah, not somebody else's. And the rally in Boston was all the more humorous with Sarah Palin as their queen bee. She fits right in as their mooching spokesperson. Palin chose to enter the realm of public service as the governor of Alaska and, when it became apparent she could make more money doing public speaking events and working for the media she claims to hate, she quit doing her public service. No wonder Palin seemed perplexed by Obama's background as a community organizer--she couldn't comprehend a community that didn't organize around her.
The only true question left is how this Tea Party movement got started. How could moochers look beyond their own self-interest and engage in collective action? The answer seems simple. In November of last year Michele Bachmann, a Republican House member from Minnesota, had a Tea Party rally in Washington. And the $14,000 worth of equipment and security necessary to allow that rally came from none other than -- you guessed it -- the American taxpayers.
Scott Janssen is graduate student, blogger, and all-around drain on society.
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Jan 7, 2014 9:05 AM
It is our studied opinion that the tea cozy is a sadly underappreciated piece of kitchenware in this country. How many of us have suffered through lukewarm second cups of Darjeeling, when the addition of this simple accessory to our routine would have kept our beverages warm and toasty to the last sip? Stop torturing yourself needlessly and invest in this adorable mushroom tea cozy ($37).
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Stuffed Tomatoes with Couscous and Gruyère
Makes 4 servings.
- 1 cup (4 oz.) Le Gruyère® cheese, grated
- 1 cup plain couscous
- 3 beef bouillon cubes, divided
- 8 large tomatoes
- 1 onion, finely chopped
- 7 oz. ground beef
- 1 Tbsp. olive oil
- 1 bunch parsley, finely chopped
- 2 Tbsp. raisins
- Tabasco
- Salt and pepper
Preheat oven to 400° F.
Prepare couscous according to package directions, adding 2 bouillon cubes to the boiling water. Cover and leave to soak for 10 minutes, then loosen with a fork.
Cut off the top of the tomatoes, and scoop out the inside.
Fry the ground beef with the onion in hot oil. Once fried, stir in the parsley, raisins, Le Gruyère® cheese and, couscous. Season with salt and pepper.
Add remaining bouillon cube to 8 ounces of water, heating until the cube has been dissolved. Place mixture into a baking dish. Bouillon mixture should fill dish to a depth of 3/4". Add additional water if needed.
Stuff tomatoes with the filling, replace the top and place into bouillon-filled baking dish. Bake for 25 minutes.


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SHANNON – The middle school was not chosen to receive a federal School Improvement Grant, but Superintendent Mike Scott said that the school will still undergo dramatic reform.
The school was eligible for the grant because its scores were in the bottom 5 percent on the state test. It would have brought the school $1 million to $1.25 million per year for the next three years.
Keith Steele, formerly the district's assistant superintendent, was named the new principal at the school, which Scott said will still have a flexible schedule and other innovations.
Scott said the grant would have allowed the district to offer incentives for teachers, to improve professional development and to purchase new technology.
NEMS Daily Journal


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More New and Used
from Private Sellers
Note: Supplemental materials are not guaranteed with Rental or Used book purchases.
Constitutional Law 2012
ISBN13:by Varat, Jonathan D.; Cohen, William; Amar, Vikram D.
Foundation Pr
Questions About This Book?
Why should I rent this book?
Renting is easy, fast, and cheap! Renting from eCampus.com can save you hundreds of dollars compared to the cost of new or used books each semester. At the end of the semester, simply ship the book back to us with a free UPS shipping label! No need to worry about selling it back.
How do rental returns work?
Returning books is as easy as possible. As your rental due date approaches, we will email you several courtesy reminders. When you are ready to return, you can print a free UPS shipping label from our website at any time. Then, just return the book to your UPS driver or any staffed UPS location. You can even use the same box we shipped it in!
What version or edition is this?
This is the 13th edition with a publication date of 8/16/2012.
What is included with this book?
- The Used copy of this book is not guaranteed to include any supplemental materials. Typically, only the book itself is included.
- The Rental copy of this book is not guaranteed to include any supplemental materials. You may receive a brand new copy, but typically, only the book itself.
This is the 2012 combined supplement to Varat, Cohen, and Amar's Constitutional Law, 13th Edition and Concise 13th Edition. The supplement is keyed to the unabridged 13th Edition.


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The second day of a new beginning :Taking Personal Responsibility
Monday, January 02, 2012
Well I made it through Jan 1, without doing to much damage to the strides I had made the previous week. I am very happy about that. No beating myself up over a very yummy chocolate brownie, ( it really was good) and 10 home made hot wings. My normal pace would have been to eat the entire brownie ( I mean the whole 8x8 pan full) and about 30 hot wings so I feel it was a good day. This is a new beginning and I am starting it out with a new theme; a theme that I don't use often in my life.
The theme for this year is LOVE! Yes Love, now don't get me wrong, I am a very loving person. I love my family, I love my pets, I love my friends, I love the area where my sister lives and sometimes I love my job. The area where I am not so loving is myself. I am almost always mean, nasty, viscous, rude and abusive to myself. I expect way more of myself then I do anyone I know or meet. I verbally abuse myself when I don't meet my own expectations. I continually punish myself for real or imagined crimes. I don't need any enemies, I am my own worst enemy. Over this holiday I sat down to try to figure out exactly why this is. Research I have read says we often hear the voices of the past in our heads. These are the voices that insulted, hurt or criticized us while we were growing up. When we commit any infraction of our real or imagined code of conduct these voices kick in loud and clear to tell us we screwed up. I used to think that voice was an old parental voice, or perhaps the kids at school who hurt and insulted me, then I thought perhaps it was the voice of my very critical ex-husband; now I realize it doesn't matter whose voice it is because it is wrong. Ok, I admit, when I was a child the choices I made in my life were those my parents insisted I make. At school I did what was expected of me by the adults in my class. When I married I caved in and became a shadow because my husband wanted a quiet southern girl, but now I am single and mature enough to realize that those voices of the past only have the power I give them. As Eleanor Roosevelt once said " No one can make you feel inferior without your permission. " I am taking back any permission I gave that allowed me to be hurt, insulted, belittled, made to feel stupid, weak, lazy or inferior. I am an adult and the responsibility for my life is completely in my hands, as is what goes into my mouth and body. 2012 is the year where I once again take back my power and become responsible for my own actions, thoughts , words and beliefs.
2012 is the year I will stop treating myself like a person who doesn't matter to anyone, because I matter, to my friends, family, patients, pets and above all to myself.
So this is my second day of this new beginning. The day I start loving myself.
Join me for the new year; Practice Self Love....
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Fabulous blog, Mychal!!
1639 days ago
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Agreed--so often we just keep beating ourselves up, dont we? Every second of every day its the same litany. Enjoyed your post. L
1640 days ago
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CB Richard Ellis achieves carbon neutrality
- Date
- 08 July 2011
NEW YORK: The Climate Group member, CB Richard Ellis, has achieved carbon neutrality, making it the first global real estate services company to achieve this goal.
This announcement is the result of an ambitious goal that CB Richard Ellis included in its 2007 Environmental Stewardship Policy.
The target was met through carbon mitigation programs including LEED certified offices and sustainable operation standards, and by purchasing carbon offsets from carbon reduction projects around the world.
The company's carbon footprint was measured using the World Resources Institute's Greenhouse Gas Protocol. Using this methodology, global carbon emissions derived from sources either controlled or owned by CB Richard Ellis were recorded.
Matt Ellis, Director, CB Richard Ellis, joined The Climate Group's 4th Annual North American Members Meeting in May 2011, and explained that: "Laying out a strategy to take CBRE carbon neutral has been an incredible learning process and one of the company's proudest achievements. It's opened up a company-wide dialogue around sustainability, and left us better equipped to engage our clients on their own carbon reduction strategies."
Dasha Rettew, Head of Corporate Engagement North America, The Climate Group, said: "While every company's carbon reduction goal will be different, the process established to meet the goal creates a dialogue that inspires creativity and employee awareness and, in CBRE's case, has enhanced its service offering while lowering its operating costs. CBRE's accomplishment of carbon neutrality is an example of inspired leadership that is driving a cleaner, more prosperous future."
Brett White, CEO, CB Richard Ellis, says: "As the world's largest third-party manager of commercial property, with a 2.9 billion square foot global portfolio, we can have an outsized impact on the environment by helping our clients lower energy consumption, improve efficiency and reduce emissions. One of the best ways we can demonstrate our expertise is to lead by example in our own operations."


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Use wear in a sentence
- She was still young, but her slightly pockmarked countenance showed the wear and tear of sorrow of some kind. [11]
- If you wear white clothes you are clean, and your cleaning bill gets so heavy that you have to take care. [5]
- First, they must wear out her strength, then frighten her with the fire. [5]
- They were coarse, unsubstantial, freckled all over with broad yellow splotches, and could neither stand wear nor public exhibition. [5]
- I am proud to say that I can wear a white suit of clothes without a blemish for three days. [5]
- Familiarize yourselves with the chains of bondage and you prepare your own limbs to wear them. [7]
- My old rusty suit which I exchanged for the one I had worn seemed almost sumptuous, and the woollen wear comforted my weakened body. [11]
- And yet she showed no wear, no weariness, and but seldom let fly her temper. [5]
- Dick Venner had seen life enough to wear out the earlier sensibilities of adolescence. [6]
- When he had once talked and drunk himself into the right mood, life would wear a less gloomy face. [10]
- He had that-gift of visualization which makes life an endless procession of pictures which allure, or which wear the nature into premature old age. [11]
- Will the public next season wear its hose dotted or striped? [4]
- There is at least one mind somewhere which will brood, and wear, and decay itself to the killing-point and produce that tragedy. [5]
- I hope I have convinced some of you that it is just as well to wear white clothes as any other kind. [5]
- He said he had been persuaded to wear it against his better sense. [5]
This page helps answer: how do I use the word wear in a sentence? How do you use wear in a sentence? Can you give me a sentence for the word wear? It may also be related to classes, educ, educator school part-time, education and training, learn English, and student.
Example sentences with the word wear, a sentence example for wear, and wear in sample sentence.


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|key-biscayne.comoldest lighthouses.
Cape Florida Lighthouse
by Joan Gill Blank
The Cape Florida lighthouse is one of the most celebrated landmarks owned by the State of Florida. The historic compound in Bill Baggs State Park and Recreation Area includes the newly restored, 95-foot white-brick tower and a replica of the lighthouse keeper's 1825 cottage, delighting visitors as well as residents of this subtropical island of Key Biscayne. Graceful coconut palms line the walkway toward the ocean and grand historic monument.
A climb to the lantern room affords a vast panorama of the lush island with its long stretch of sandy beaches and the ever-changing tropical seas. Against a background of aquamarine waters, leaping dolphins and giant rays, schools of colorful fishes, occasional sharks, diving pelicans, and other tropical birds may be seen. You will view ships from international ports plying the deep blue of the powerful Gulf Stream, enormous cruise ships on the horizon, and luxury yachts, deep-sea fishing boats, and bobbing sailboats riding the waves.
The tranquility surrounding the entire state park - and especially the historic compound - belies the dramatic and sometimes violent past when hurricanes, fire, and the Seminole Wars swept through the region.
The original lighthouse and cottage, built in 1825, were attacked and burned in 1836 by Seminole warriors protesting U.S. presence in the South Florida wilderness and resisting deportation from Florida to the West. When the lighthouse was rebuilt in 1855-1856, it was extended from 65 feet to its present height, and wooden stairs were replaced with 119 spiraling iron steps to the top.
Today rangers and guides on scheduled tours take visitors through the furnished air-conditioned cottage and the cookhouse (now an air-conditioned video mini-theater) as an introduction to Cape Florida lighthouse history and Key Biscayne.
The lighthouse rises on the
southernmost tip of Key Biscayne overlooking
the rest of the more than 500-acre Bill
Baggs State Park. Visitors may want to
picnic, sunbathe, swim, fish, or follow
paths through the ecologically restored
interior, traveling on foot or bicycle from
beachside to bayside on the Key Biscayne
Heritage Trail.
Copyright 1995 by Joan Gill Blank, All rights reserved. Used with permission.
Cape Florida is home to one
of the best beaches in the United States with 1.2
miles of shoreline, miles of paved pedestrian/ bike
paths that allows cyclists, hikers, and skaters to
enjoy the historic Cape Florida lighthouse (that is
open for tours), fishing along the seawall, swimming
in the Atlantic Ocean and nature trails that permit
people to see the diversity of native plant and
wildlife communities.
See more of Key Biscayne from
the water! Take a private boat tour with
your friends or family.


text:
Cheers Mark
The Cod in the Cave is a rare Black Cod which is critically endangered.
Cheers Mark
Edited by Aussiebyron, 25 April 2011 - 06:21 AM.
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Posted 25 April 2011 - 06:16 AM
Edited by Aussiebyron, 25 April 2011 - 06:21 AM.
Posted 25 April 2011 - 12:14 PM
Steve Douglas
I have worked as an unpaid reviewer for the editing websites since 2002. Most all hardware and software is sent to me free of charge, however, in no way am I obligated to provide either positive or negative evaluations. Any suggestions I make regarding products are a result of my own, completely, personal opinions and experiences with said products.
Posted 25 April 2011 - 02:48 PM
Love cave videos, wish we had some here in Ca so I could get certified. Assume you were shooting in 24p. Is it the footage or You Tubes compression that causes the stutter in various places of the film?
Posted 26 April 2011 - 05:47 AM


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Environmental consequences of the Chernobyl accident and their remediation: Twenty years of experience. Report of the Chernobyl Forum Expert Group 'Environment'
The explosion on 26 April 1986 at the Chernobyl nuclear power plant, which is located 100 km from Kiev in Ukraine (at that time part of the USSR), and the consequent reactor fire, which lasted for 10 days, resulted in an unprecedented release of radioactive material from a nuclear reactor and adverse consequences for the public and the environment. The resulting contamination of the environment with radioactive material caused the evacuation of more than 100 000 people from the affected region during 1986 and the relocation, after 1986, of another 200 000 people from Belarus, the Russian Federation and Ukraine. Some five million people continue to live in areas contaminated by the accident. The national governments of the three affected countries, supported by international organizations, have undertaken costly efforts to remediate the areas affected by the contamination, provide medical services and restore the region's social and economic well-being. The accident's consequences were not limited to the territories of Belarus, the Russian Federation and Ukraine, since other European countries were also affected as a result of the atmospheric transfer of radioactive material. These countries also encountered problems in the radiation protection of their populations, but to a lesser extent than the three most affected countries. Although the accident occurred nearly two decades ago, controversy still surrounds the real impact of the disaster. Therefore the IAEA, in cooperation with the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO), the United Nations Development Programme (UNDP), the United Nations Environment Programme (UNEP), the United Nations Office for the Coordination of Humanitarian Affairs (OCHA), the United Nations Scientific Committee on the Effects of Atomic Radiation (UNSCEAR), the World Health Organization (WHO) and the World Bank, as well as the competent authorities of Belarus, the Russian Federation and Ukraine, established the Chernobyl Forum in 2003. The mission of the Forum was - through a series of managerial and expert meetings - to generate 'authoritative consensual statements' on the environmental consequences and health effects attributable to radiation exposure arising from the accident, as well as to provide advice on environmental remediation and special health care programmes, and to suggest areas in which further research is required. The Forum was created as a contribution to the United Nations' ten year strategy for Chernobyl, launched in 2002 with the publication of Human Consequences of the Chernobyl Nuclear Accident - A Strategy for Recovery. Over a two year period, two groups of experts from 12 countries, including Belarus, the Russian Federation and Ukraine, and from relevant international organizations, assessed the accident's environmental and health consequences. In early 2005 the Expert Group 'Environment', coordinated by the IAEA, and the Expert Group 'Health', coordinated by the WHO, presented their reports for the consideration of the Chernobyl Forum. Both reports were considered and approved by the Forum at its meeting on 18-20 April 2005. This meeting also decided, inter alia, 'to consider the approved reports... as a common position of the Forum members, i.e., of the eight United Nations organizations and the three most affected countries, regarding the environmental and health consequences of the Chernobyl accident, as well as recommended future actions, i.e., as a consensus within the United Nations system.' This report presents the findings and recommendations of the Chernobyl Forum concerning the environmental effects of the Chernobyl accident. The Forum's report considering the health effects of the Chernobyl accident is being published by the WHO
|International Atomic Energy Agency, Division of Radiation, Transport and Waste Safety, Vienna (Austria)
|Vienna (Austria) IAEA Apr 2006 180 p. Radiological assessment reports series; Also available on-line: http://www-pub.iaea.org/MTCD/publications/PDF/Pub1239_web.pdf; For availability on CD-ROM, please contact IAEA, Sales and Promotion Unit, E-mail: [email protected]; Web site: http://www-pub.iaea.org/MTCD/publications.asp; ISBN 92-0-114705-8; ISSN 1020-6566; STI/PUB--1239 {STIPUB1239}; Refs, figs, tabs; Book
|International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA)
|accidents; chernobylsk-4 reactor; cooperation; enriched uranium reactors; environmental effects; environmental impacts; environmental protection; evacuation; external zones; graphite moderated reactors; institutional factors; international cooperation; land reclamation; lwgr type reactors; population relocation; power reactors; public health; radiation protection; reactor accidents; reactors; remedial action; socio-economic factors; thermal reactors; water cooled reactors