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Seattle Seahawks wide receiver Doug Baldwin celebrated his team's Super Bowl XLVIII victory by sending a message to ESPN's Cris Carter. According to a report by USA Today Sports on Feb. 2, Baldwin called out Carter because of comments the analyst made leading up to the game.
Carter's reference to the Seahawks receivers as just appetizers didn't sit well with Baldwin. The comment was taken as disrespect since Carter was criticizing the Seahawks receivers for lacking big time receivers. Not only did Baldwin hear the criticism, he took it as motivation and had a touchdown in Seattle's 43-8 rout over the Denver Broncos.
Following the team's victory, Doug Baldwin took a moment to address Cris Carter.
"I'm not going to say any names, but he knows who his is – I respect what you did on the field, but stick to playing football, because your analytical skills ain't up to par yet. You need to slow down and go back and not do it half-assed and put some effort into it, because you're saying some stuff that didn't really make sense."
Although Baldwin didn't directly mention Carter's name, he referenced him by referring to the comment and giving Carter a taste of his own medicine.
"That dude who said that we were appetizers, he told me to Google him, and I did Google him, but I didn't see any Super Bowl appearance, and I also saw two losses in conference championships. I have a Super Bowl ring, and I would gladly show that that to him. And if he doesn't have time to come see it, tell him he can Google it."
The Seahawks receivers as a unit came up big in Sunday night's game. They combined for two touchdowns, including a kickoff return by Percy Harvin, who played in only his third game since returning from hip surgery.
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A Chat with Legal Insurrection's William Jacobson
Short but sweet conversation with the inimitable and highly influential William Jacobson, Legal Insurrection publisher and Associate Clinical Professor at Cornell Law School.
Preserving liberty in 2013 and beyond (hint: Change what needs changing, protect what needs protecting, and undermine whenever and wherever possible.)
Whatever happened to Forbes.Com's Free Market stance
Vulnerable US Senate Democrats tread lightly on the gun issue.
Please comment on this interview; what could we have done better, differently?
Podcast: Play in new window | Download | EmbedOlder postNewer post

subset: commoncrawl


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Neighbors Call Historic NJ Home An EyesorePeople who live near a historic home in Clifton's Weasel Brook Park area say the house is in terrible state of disrepair and that something needs to be done.
Car Crashes Into Electrical Pole In Clifton, New Jersey Several people were rushed to the hospital after a car crashed into an electrical pole in New Jersey early Saturday morning.
Days After The Blizzard, Commuters Forced To Navigate Snow Covered Bus StopsAt the NJ TRANSIT bus stop off busy Route 3 West at Main Avenue in Clifton, the path was unshoveled and uncleared Wednesday morning four days after the blizzard.
Snowbound Bus Stops Force Commuters To Make Dangerous Walk Along Route 3Bus riders have been forced to walk dangerously close to cars as snow sits uncleared at the bus stop.
Prosecutor: Clifton Students' Plot To Attack High School Unrealistic, 'Bomb' Was Salad Dressing, Cinnamon SticksAuthorities said an alleged plot by a group of Clifton elementary school students to attack a high school was "immature and unrealistic" and was done in response to a "perceived bullying incident."
Parents Claim They Weren't Notified About Alleged Attack Plot By Clifton Elementary StudentsSeveral elementary school parents in Clifton say they are upset that they weren't notified that five students were detained Wednesday for allegedly plotting an attack on a high school.
Cops: 5 Children Detained After Plotting To 'Attack' NJ SchoolCops say teachers and administrative leaders found suspicious letters from the students claiming they were going to 'attack' Clifton High School.
Man Arrested In Hit-And-Run Of Montclair State University StudentMichael Choynowski, 27, is charged with knowingly leaving the scene of an accident resulting in serious bodily harm and endangering an injured victim.
Vehicle Sought In Hit-And-Run Of Montclair State StudentClifton police have released new information following the hit-and-run that left a student from Montclair State University in a coma.
Family Begs Driver To Come Forward After College Student Is Struck In CliftonFollowing a hit-and-run that left a Montclair State University student in a coma, the young woman's family has come forward to say the information they're getting doesn't add up.
College Student In Coma After Hit-And-Run In Clifton, N.J.A hit-and-run in Clifton, New Jersey last week has left a college student in a coma, and a family was demanding answers.
Prosecutors: Elmwood Park, N.J. Woman Sold Fake Divorce PapersAn Elmwood Park, New Jersey woman has been charged with selling fraudulent divorce papers.


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Pablo Picasso is arguably the most famous and most influential artist who ever lived. Pablo Picasso was born on October 25, 1881, in Spain. Pablo Picasso showed remarkable talent in art from a young age. Throughout his childhood and teenage years he demonstrated an ability to draw realistic paintings but during the first decade of the 20th century he moved to Paris and started experimenting with different techniques and ideas and his style changed from the strictly-realistic to the abstract. Pablo Picasso was an artist of many talents and mediums; he was a sculptor, printmaker, ceramicist, playwright, stage designer and poet. He is also known for co-founding the "Cubist" artistic movement and the invention of the collage. Pablo Picasso was a prolific artist throughout his life. He achieved praise and fortune for his artistic abilities and is now regarded as being one of the most iconic figures in 20th century art. Pablo Picasso died in France on April 8, 1973. He was 91 years old.
Below are some facts about Pablo Picasso:
• According to his mother, Pablo Picasso's first words were "piz piz," a shortening of "lápiz" which is the Spanish word for "pencil."
• Pablo Picasso's father was also an artist and a professor at the School of Fine Arts.
• Pablo Picasso was accepted into the School of Fine Arts academy when he was only 13 years old.
• Pablo Picasso was married twice and had four children by three women.
• Many of Pablo Picasso's work are related to actual events. One of his most famous paintings, "Guernica," was a symbolic abstract portrayal of the German bombing of Guernica during the Spanish Civil War.


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RADNOR, Pa. (Jan. 15, 2013) – Cabrini College is proud present "The Eye of the Collector: The Jewish Vision of Sigmund R. Balka," 16 pieces from a significant collection amassed by Balka over a 50-year period, from Jan. 31 to March 18, 2013.
The exhibit is on view in the Grace and Joseph Gorevin Fine Arts Gallery on the second floor of the Holy Spirit Library (610 King of Prussia Road, Radnor).
An opening reception is scheduled for Thursday, Feb. 7, 2013, from 4 to 7 p.m.; Elliot Ratzman, Ph.D., visiting assistant professor of religion at Swarthmore College, will speak at 4:30 p.m.
The works on display include photographs, drawings, and prints by Russian, European, and American artists such as Raphael Soyer, Philip Cheney, Herb Fichter, Karl Schrag, and Isaac Freidlander, and by notable Philadelphia artists Joseph Hirsch and Jack Bookbinder.
The exhibit at Cabrini is Part II of "The Jewish Vision of Sigmund R. Balka"; Part I runs concurrently at Rosemont College.
Balka was influenced by art at an early age by his mother, and has acquired a vast and impressive collection over the past 50 years. He has dedicated much time, energy and devotion to the arts, serving on the boards of and working closely with the Queens Museum of Art, the Advisory Council for Visual Arts at Rutgers University, Mason Gross School of the Arts, and the Jewish Repertory Theatre, among others.
Balka recently gifted more than 200 pieces to Hebrew Union College – Jewish Institute of Religion Museum in New York, N.Y. "The Eye of the Collector" exhibit appears courtesy of Hebrew Union College.
Making his collections available to the public is of key importance to Balka.
"Art is not of value if it is not presented so that people have the opportunity to interact with it," Balka said. "The more public the opportunity to have it speak for itself, the better society is."
Balka graduated from Central High School in Philadelphia, a school that also produced renowned artists such as Thomas Eakins, John Sloan, and Morton Livingston Schamberg, as well as one of America's most influential art collectors, Albert C. Barnes.
After graduating from Williams College in Massachusetts, Balka obtained a juris doctor from Harvard Law School before beginning his professional career with the Kennedy and Johnson administrations.
About Cabrini College Students do extraordinary things at Cabrini College, a residential Catholic college welcoming learners of all faiths, cultures and backgrounds. Founded in 1957 by the Missionary Sisters of the Sacred Heart of Jesus, the College provides a transformational "education of the heart," focusing on academic excellence, leadership development and a commitment to social justice.
Cabrini offers 1,400 full-time undergraduate students more than 30 majors, pre-professional programs, concentrations and minors. Nearly 1,400 students are in graduate studies programs at the main campus in Radnor, Pa., and at 14 off-site locations. The College's serene 112-acre campus is located 30 minutes from Philadelphia.
© 2012


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In Tu's An Introduction to Manifolds, one question asks:
At each point $p\in \mathbb{R}^3$, define a bilinear function $\omega_p$ on $T_p(\mathbb{R}^3)$ by: $$\omega_p(\underline{a},\underline{b})=\omega_p((a^1,a^2,a^3),(b^1,b^2,b^3))=p^3(a^1b^2-a^2b^1)$$ For tangent vetors $\underline{a},\underline{b}\in T_p(\mathbb{R}^3)$, where $p^3$ is the third component of $\underline{p}=(p^1,p^2,p^3)$. Since $\omega_p$ is an alternating bilinear function on $T_p(\mathbb{R}^3)$, $\omega$ is a 2-form on $\mathbb{R}^3$. Write $\omega$ in terms of the standard basis $dx^i\wedge dx^j$ at each point.
I understand that we write this as $\omega=a_{ij}dx^i\wedge dx^j$, with $a_{ij}=\omega(e_i,e_j)$ where $e_1,e_2,e_3$ span $T_p(\mathbb{R})$. With this I find that all constants vanish apart from $a_{12}$ and $a_{21}$, which lead to: $\omega=p^3dx\wedge dy-p^3dy\wedge dx=2p^3dx\wedge dy$. In the solutions however, since an alternating function of two arguments is completely determined by its actions on $w(e_{k},e_{l}),k<l$, Tu sums only over $i<j$ leading to $\omega=p^3dx\wedge dy$.
My question is, I thought that whether or not a multilinear function is alternating, you should be able to characterise it by feeding it all possible combinations of basis elements. But it seems in this case that leads to a different answer. Why is this?


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Welcome aboard from SWVA
This is a discussion on Hello alll from the Midwest! within the New Members Introduce Yourself forums, part of the DefensiveCarry.com Forum Office category; Welcome from Virginia....
Welcome aboard from SWVA
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I'm just one root in a grassroots organization. No one should assume that I speak for the VCDL.
I am neither an attorney-at-law nor I do play one on television or on the internet. No one should assumes my opinion is legal advice.
Veni, Vidi, Velcro
welcome from the panhandle of Texas!
you won't be disappointed, I've had my HK USP45 for over 10 years now with no problems and its still a joy to shoot
Certified Glock Armorer
"I got a touch of hangover bureaucrat, don't push me"
--G.W. McClintock
Independence is declared; it must be maintained. Sam Houston-3/2/1836
If loose gun laws are good for criminals why do criminals support gun control?
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USAF: Loving Our Obscene Amenities Since 1947
Welcome -
"To disarm the people is the best and most effective way to enslave them."
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Regards, T Bone.
"Those who would give up essential liberty to purchase a little temporary safety deserve neither liberty nor safety". Benjamin Franklin
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If the public are bound to yield obedience to laws to which they cannot give their approbation, they are slaves to those who make such laws and enforce them.--Samuel Adams as Candidus, Boston Gazette 20 Jan. 1772
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Welcome aboard!
Training means learning the rules. Experience means learning the exceptions.


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Lee, playing as an amateur, posted a score of three-over par 75 and was tied for 60th in the LPGA's first major at the famed golf course in Rancho Mirage. Lee made just one birdie in between four bogeys on the day. She hit just seven of 14 fairways, but had 32 putts.
Tiffany Joh led the group of alumni professionals with a two-under par 70 and was tied for ninth place. Mariajo Uribe was tied for 21st after posting an even par 72. Giula Sergas and Mo Martin were tied for 29th after signing for one-over par 73s.
Second round action continues Friday.
For more information and tee times click here.


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Bettina Rheims' body of work Gender Studies, depicts transsexuals, women that have become men, men that have become women and a third gender; those that preferred not to choose a sex and exist as both, adopting a dual identity.
The foundation of this project emerged from a request to republish Modern Lovers a body of work concentrating on androgyny and transgender shot in the late eighties and exhibited at Hamiltons in 1990. Rheims decided to take the idea a step further and explore the differences and mindsets in the world of gender today in comparison to twenty plus years ago. Launching a Facebook profile depicting a number of the original pictures, Rheims posted a message encouraging those that 'felt different' to get in touch with the studio and from there she orchestrated Skype conversations with young volunteers from around the world who shared "the most beautiful stories about their lives. A lot of them knew from childhood, that they were born in the wrong body and had decided, many with the help of their parents, to correct the original mistake. But what struck me as being completely new were the ones who refused to choose between the two options, and had decided to live using both identities. Depending on the day, the mood; why not have it all? In Australia, last Autumn, someone got the mention 'X' on their passport, recognising for the first time the existence of a third sex.", Bettina Rheims, 2012.
Inviting twenty-seven candidates from around the world to visit her studio, Rheims collaborated with her friend and designer Jean Colonna who "helped to glorify these new Modern Lovers" by manufacturing their poses and dressing them in shredded garments. Rheims encouraged a mystical notion throughout the project using muted milky hues and, although steeped in reality, the work has been heavily styled and fictionalised. She was particularly struck by the voices, tones and words her subjects used; some darting between pitches and talking about magic, witches, fairies and dreams of princesses. Rheims was inspired to work with renowned sound artist Frédéric Sanchez in order to record the voices, thus adding an audible dimension to the visual exploration.


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Rockstar Games announced an update Tuesday to the GTA Online Creator Tool for Grand Theft Auto V on the PS3 and Xbox 360. Starting Friday, players will be able to create and share their own Capture Jobs, which is GTA's Capture the Flag variant. Additionally, the 1.12 update has now been released to both consoles.
The GTA Online Creator Tool update "will let you create Jobs across any of the four Capture Job variants (Contend, GTA, Hold and Raid) and publish them for all to play, rate and share via the Rockstar Games Social Club," the developer wrote in a post on its website.
Capture Jobs in GTA Online are also now paying out twice as much GTA$ and RP until Friday to encourage players to try out the existing jobs before the update is released.
Finally, the 1.12 patch will be downloaded and automatically update your copy of Grand Theft Auto V the next time you fire up the game while connected online. Some of the new additions include RP every time you like or dislike content, the ability to call Lester and have him instruct the cops to turn a blind eye to criminal activity for a short period of time, plus increased payouts for completing Parachute, Races, Deathmatches and LTS Jobs with less than four players.
The list of fixes that come with the 1.12 patch is actually quite lengthy and should be checked out at the official Rockstar Support page if interested.


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Feature - Devising and practicing plan will save you from an active shooter
In a security forces building, Tinker 72nd Security Forces Squadron military and Department of Defense police train for responding to active shooter scenarios. (Air Force photo by Margo Wright)
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Shooting survivor, not a victim
- 4/26/2011
How to spot an active shooter: See something, say something
- 4/26/2011
Devising and practicing plan will save you from an active shooter
Posted 4/26/2011 Updated 4/26/2011
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by Brandice J. O'Brien
Tinker Public Affairs
4/26/2011 -
TINKER AIR FORCE BASE, Okla.
-- Army Maj. Nidal Malik Hasan changed the face of American history.
Following his attack that killed and wounded 44 people at Fort Hood, Texas, in November 2009, the perception of security on military installations changed, leaving many to wonder, "Who could be an active shooter?"
The answer is simple; anyone could do it. Look at Eric Harris and Dylan Klebold, two high school students who massacred 12 students and a teacher in Colorado in April 1999.
Ultimately, the seemingly random nature of the crime only makes the job of the 72nd Security Forces Squadron much more challenging. Should something occur here, officials said Tinker personnel must do their part to protect themselves and the base.
"There is no set profile for an active shooter," said Senior Airman Elijah Langhorne, 72nd SFS member. "It can be someone who is supposed to be there, or it can be an outside person who's walked into a place that has general access. It could be disgruntled person with a premeditated target, or someone who just snapped and is acting at random."
By having a plan in place, danger can be avoided and lives can be saved. In fact, Airman Langhorne said having a plan and practicing what-if scenarios are crucial. He compared it to the value of a first-aid kit.
"No one carries around a first-aid kit hoping to use it," he said, "but they have it; they're prepared."
A plan can include what to do if there's a confirmed report of a shooter in the workplace, and where to meet if an escape is possible.
No matter what the plan includes, Airman Langhorne said never purposely confront the shooter. Let security forces handle that situation. Responding personnel are there to neutralize the shooter and restore order.
"My job is to run toward danger instead of away from it when there's a situation," he said. "It's what I signed up for and am trained for. It's my job."
After all, there's no telling the intent of the shooter. He may be after a single target or be on a mission to kill as many people as possible. He may want to commit suicide or be put in a situation where an officer has no other choice but to kill the shooter.
If a confrontation with the shooter cannot be avoided, Airman Langhorne said to try and distract the shooter and make an avenue for an escape. Self defense should be used only as last resort.
Tips to protecting yourself and workplace against an active shooter
· Set a rally point in which you can hide yourself from pending danger. Make sure you are able to close and lock doors and make space appear as though it is unoccupied.
· Place labels over light switches and at doors to help you remember information you need to tell a 911 operator or things you need to do if in case of an emergency.
· Silence cell phones and pagers.
· Call 911 and give as much information as possible - number of shooters, kind of weaponry being used or what kinds of sounds the gun makes, position of the shooter(s). If you're not able to talk, leave the line open allowing the operator to hear what's going on in the background.
· If you've called 911 once, do not call back unless there is a drastic change. You're only tying up the lines and preventing help from coming to you.
· If trapped in a room, stay there until someone comes to get you.
· If you are able to leave, do not take belongings. Keep your hands empty. Put your hands in the air with your fingers separated. The calmer you are the better.
· If you are asked questions, give direct answers.
· Do not voluntarily stop to talk to first responders. They are not there to offer first aid or console you. Their first priority is to find the shooter and neutralize him.
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A puzzling decline in the growth rate of atmospheric methane finds conflicting explanations in this week's Nature. Two independent studies, based on different data sets and analytical approaches, reach differing conclusions, but both point to human activities as the main cause of the slowdown.
Methane (CH4) is the most abundant hydrocarbon in the atmosphere, and is second in importance only to carbon dioxide among the greenhouse gases that are directly affected by humans. Atmospheric methane concentrations increased through much of the twentieth century, then levelled off during the past three decades, with signs of renewed growth appearing only very recently. Previous investigations of the late-twentieth-century slowdown have identified declining methane emissions from fossil fuels and wetlands as important causes, but large uncertainties remain.
Murat Aydin and colleagues at the University of California address this question by investigating the history of fossil-fuel emissions, based on measurements of another hydrocarbon, ethane (C2H6), trapped in air bubbles in perennial snowpack from Greenland and Antarctica. Combining their ethane measurements with a simple atmospheric model, the authors derive a fossil-fuel emission history that suggests a need to reassess existing estimates based on reported production. As ethane and methane are both released by fossil-fuel usage and biomass burning, the authors are able to conclude that the late-twentieth-century atmospheric methane slowdown was caused by a larger decrease in fossil-fuel sources from the 1980s than had previously been shown.
Meanwhile, Fuu Ming Kai and colleagues in Singapore take advantage of the different isotopic signatures of methane from fossil-fuel and microbial sources (primarily wetlands and rice paddies) to constrain the contribution of these sources to the atmospheric methane budget. Using a simple atmospheric model to simulate observed inter-hemispheric differences in methane concentration and isotopic composition, these authors exclude reduced fossil-fuel emissions as the main cause of the slowdown. Instead, they suggest that long-term reductions in Northern Hemisphere microbial emissions are primarily responsible, with reduced emissions from rice agriculture in Asia able to provide about half of the required decrease.


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Louis Vuitton Eugenie Wallet
Monogram multicolor black
Limited edition
Design by T. Murakami
Inside pink (rare)
Gold plated hardware
Condition very good
Inside: 8 /10 HELP : only the part is plastic
(storing the identite card has a small mark)
Outside: 9/10
stamp :MI0121
Year : 2011
Made in France
Features long tri-fold wallet with triangular slide lock closure stamped Louis Vuitton Paris. Outer section has two slip pockets, interior has 12 credit card slots, one small slip pocket, one folder pocket, one large slip pocket and one slip pocket with an opaque shield
Comes with Louis Vuitton box and dust bag.
We guarantee you will receive this item as described and showed on photos.
This item is in our possession, and will be shipped immediately
If you have any questions, we will do our best to answer them quickly.


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Happy birthday to me! The final installment in one of my favorite book series, The Ascendance Trilogy by Jennifer A. Nielsen, is coming out two days after my birthday!
I pre-ordered The Shadow Throne on Amazon, after failing to win a advanced reader's copy...I always fail at contests, though so maybe it will arrive early as pre-orders do sometimes. If you have not yet read the first two books (you can find reviews for both here on my examiner page) then I suggest you get started right now and prepare for February 25th. This is the date that The Shadow Throne will be released in book stores across the US. This series has been gaining popularity since the first book, The False Prince, was published in 2012 and became a New York Times best seller. It is a wonderful series that is written extremely well and the story just moves so smoothly. You don't get bored and you don't get tired of endless action. It's pretty much awesome. I highly recommend you prepare yourself for the release now. As soon as that book gets into my hands it will be read, reviewed, and then the end of another series will be mourned.
Just 3 more days!
Are there any book releases you are looking forward to? What YA or children's fiction books would you like me to review? Leave your comments below.


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7 years on, Waterbury Center man is still missing
WAITSFIELD Seven years after the disappearance of a Waterbury Center man, law enforcement is renewing its call for help from the public in solving the mystery.
Donald Messier, who was 34 when he went missing, was last seen at a party in Waitsfield on Oct. 15, 2006. Messier reportedly left the party in his red Ford F-150 and hasnt been heard from since. His truck has not been located.
Messier is described as a white male, 6 feet tall, weighing between 230 and 275 pounds, with brown hair and hazel eyes.
According to National Cold Case Missing Persons of Mullica Hill, N.J., Messier may have been injured and unable to get out of a ravine, the woods, a quarry or lake. With hunters soon to be out in the woods, its hoped someone may come upon information leading to his whereabouts.
Anyone with information about Messier or the truck is asked to contact Vermont State Police at 229-9191.MORE IN This Just InMONTPELIER The states congressional delegation announced $2. Full StoryMany Vermont dairy farms are experiencing a tough summer, receiving very low prices for their... Full StoryMONTPELIER The state of Vermont will receive $300,000 from Wells Fargo Advisors as the result... Full Story
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Automated, Robotic, Precise, Innovative Agricultural Techniques to Combat Environmental, Locale-Specific Issues Resulting in Amelioration of the Emancipated Condition of the Local Populace of Africa.
This plan showcases automated agricultural solutions for alleviating the adversities faced in Africa due to climatic vagaries, pest infestation, inadequate infrastructure and human resource.
Automated, Robotic, Precise, Innovative Agricultural Techniques to combat environmental, locale specific issues resulting in amelioration of the emancipated condition of the local populace of Africa.
This plan focuses to provide a series of innovative and automated solutions for alleviating the adversities faced by African farmers due to climatic vagaries, pest infestation, lack of man power, lack of requisite infrastructure and soil infertility issues. I am formulating three solution driven plans with a common focus to achieve the main objective of eradicating the African Continent of the entrenched poverty and starvation proliferating in the contemporary times. This is my first proposed plan and I will be uploading the others in the subsequent competition time frames as those are still in the inception stage. I am propounding various automated and customized approaches taking the climatic conditions, terrain attributes and major crops into perspective. To achieve the important goal of a good agricultural yield while keeping region specific parameters and constraints into perspective is a formidable one. The main objective is to abet the African farmer's plight and to improve their standard of living. I am providing a visualization/conceptualization of an integrated and comprehensive robotic agricultural infrastructural implementation in Africa which can replace the existing conventional ones. I have also recapitulated the companies and entities that are currently providing these solutions and can also provide customized built to order components. By implementing robotic farming in Africa the goal of procuring a better yield from a given plot of land will be met. It will also be more efficient, monitored, less strenuous for farmers and the crop will be less disease ridden. The framework activities for this robotic endeavour requires identification of the various tasks, milestones and deliverables. Furthermore monitoring the progress, feasibility, ensuring quality control and the incremental steps that need to be taken regularly for it to be perfected and actualized over time are paramount. The final output will be that the monetary gains will increase phenomenally most of it will be used for the upliftment of the African society. This approach will definitely be more successfully because an automated robotic solution will be maximizing precision, minimising resource dissipation and ensuring an optimized and secure monitoring of the automated process as compared to the arcane farming techniques practiced in the contemporary times.
Needs Assessment:
The regions of Africa requires analysis in depth to identify the collection of issues in the region that are retarding further advancement in the arena of agricultural progress. The main factors are climatic extremities, poor infrastructure, and lack of education, funds, communication and lack of human resources resulting from all the above factors.
My strategy is multi faceted/pronged. I am segmenting the African continent into the pre determined topographical areas, enlisting the diverse predicaments faced by agriculturists in that demographical area and propounding a combination of solutions to resolve the issues by focusing on an automated solution to grow the main crops. The solution space can vary from compromising of just one strategy to it being composed of multifarious approaches. The proposed solutions can be amended and compounded on for value amelioration and augmentation of agricultural progression. These are the sustainable techniques of the future.
According to the online Wikipedia resource Africa can be subdivided into five sub regions. These regions can classified into Northern Africa, Western Africa, Central Africa, Eastern and Southern Africa .I am enumerating the climatic conditions, and the main crops grown to depict and provide solutions for the hardships and travails faced by the indigenous people.
- Northern Africa: This encompasses the north eastern regions of Africa. The countries included in the northern regions are Algeria, Egypt, Libya, Morocco, Tunisia and Western Sahara.
- Climatic Conditions: The climate in the northern regions of Africa is arid and dry. The northern region has primarily Desert and Steppe climatical conditions. Sahara desert is one of the main parts of the northern regions. The temperature ranges from sixty degree Fahrenheit to hundred degrees Fahrenheit and the precipitation is negligent. The desert conditions of heat, lack of water and poor fertility are the main hindrance for agricultural yield in these regions. These problems can be handled by growing crops that can tolerate very high temperatures, indoor farming, and procuring water by storing it in reservoirs for the particular season and nourishing the soil with the requisite nutrients and water content. Steppe climates are similar to the Desert climates. It is semi arid, hot with very scarce rainfall. The temperature varies from fifty to seventy five degree Fahrenheit. The precipitation ranges from 2 cm to 8 cm. The agricultural pattern in the Steppe climatic region is similar to that of the Desert region.
- Crops: Wheat, barley, grapes, olives, dates, citrus fruits, oats, dates.
- Western Africa: This encompasses the western region not including the northern regions. The countries included in the western region are Benin, Burkina Faso, Cape Verde, Côte d'lvoire, Gambia, Ghana, Guinea, Guinea-Bissau, Liberia, Mali, Mauretania, Niger, Nigeria, Senegal, Sierra Leone and Togo.
- Climatic Conditions: The western region has partly Steppe climatic conditions, partly Humid Sub Tropical conditions and partly Tropical Rain Forest climatical conditions. Humid Sub Tropical climate conditions has characteristics of being showered with rainfall throughout the year with increased intensity in summer months. The temperature ranges from thirty two to sixty five degrees centigrade and the precipitation ranges from two cms to thirty five cms. It is categorized by winter storms which are a hazard for crops. The crops can be planted indoors to mitigate the stormy conditions. The soil nutrient content needs to be checked, fixed and the pests need to be handled by the applying appropriate insecticide. Other than that the area is conducive to cultivation. Cyclical farming practices can also be employed. When the land becomes fallow the land can be planted artificially or naturally with the tropical wild vegetation for it to gain back its fertility and natural nutrient content before it is used again for farming purposes. The tropical rain forest regions are characterized by heavy rainfall, high humidity and high temperatures. The temperature ranges from sixty five degrees to eighty degrees Fahrenheit and precipitation ranges from five cms to seventy five cms. The tropical climate often entails the existence of lack of nutrient content in the soil which can be handled by renourishing it .The pest infestation can be handled by insecticides and pesticides. The Steppe climatic scenario has been discussed in the description of the former region.
- Crops:Cotton,cocoa,coffee,groundnuts,sugarcane,banana,rubber,pineapple, wheat, barley,grapes,olives,citrus fruits,timber,cashews,sorghum.
- Eastern Africa: This encompasses regions from Red Sea to Mozambique including Madagascar. This does not include the Southern and Northern regions. The countries included in the Eastern regions are Burundi, Comoros, Djibouti, Eriteria, Ethiopia, Kenya, Madagascar, Mauritius, Rwanda, Seychelles, Somalia, Sudan, Tanzania and Uganda.
- Climatic Conditions: The climatic conditions can be categorized into Steppe, Desert, and Highland classifications. The Steppe and Desert climatic conditions have been elaborated on previously in the former regions. The Highlands have a warm climate due to the neighboring hills. It is cooler than Desert and Steppe regions. The temperature averages to sixty degrees Fahrenheit and the precipitation ranges from two cms to thirty cms. This region is more conducive to agricultural endeavours than others but the Highland terrain may make the communication channels and manual work difficult.
- Crops:Tea,cotton,coffee,cloves,vanilla,cinnamon,cocunuts,sorghum,cotton,sisal,cashew,wheat,pyrethrum,sugarcane,tobacco,groundnuts,banana,sesame,cinnamon.
- Central Africa: This encompasses the central mass of the African Continent. The countries that are included in the central regions are Cameroon, Central African Republic, Chad, Congo, Democratic Republic of Congo, Equatorial Guinea, Gabon, São Tomé and Principè.
- Climatic Conditions: The climatic conditions in central Africa are primarily categorized into Savanna climatic classification, partly into Highland and partly into the Tropical Rain forest climatic classification. The Savanna climatic conditions showcases rainfall and rain forest like climate for six months and a dry spell for the rest of the six months. Rainfall occurrence is sporadic. The temperature ranges from sixty five degrees to ninety degree Fahrenheit. The precipitation ranges from two cms to thirty cms. Savanna climatic region has the same nutrient retention problem as described in the Tropical Rain forest which can be fixed by planting nitrogen fixing legumes. The Tropical Rain Forest and Highlands have been elucidated on in the previous regions.
- Crops: Banana, tea, cotton, cocoa, coffee, groundnuts, timber, oil palm products, cotton, sugarcane, tobacco, rubber, timber.
- Southern Africa: The southern portion of the continent constitutes the region of rain forests of Congo. The countries included in the Southern Africa regions are Angola, Botswana, Lesotto, Malawi, Mozambique, Namibia, South Africa, Swaziland, Zambia, and Zimbabwe.
- Climatic Conditions: The climatic conditions of the southern regions can primarily be categorized into the Steppe, Desert, and Marine climatic classification. Marine Climate is similar to the Humid Sub Tropical Climate category. It rains all year around but with greater intensity in the summer. Temperature ranges from sixty to seventy five degree Fahrenheit. The precipitation ranges from two cms to fifteen cms. The agricultural conditions are similar to Humid Sub Tropical regions. Steppe and Desert climates have been described in the previous regional details.
- Crops: Sisal, bananas, tobacco, oil palm products, timber, sugarcane, tea, citrus, groundnuts, cotton, cashews, vine, pineapple, wheat, tobacco.
The major food varieties which make life sustenance possible can be categorized into grains like wheat, pulses like beans, fruits and nuts like pineapple and walnuts. Other crops like sugarcane, barley etc can also be grown using similar automated techniques. The robotic techniques can be taken as a prototype for automation of agricultural production.
I am delineating how a customized agricultural robotic solution can be implemented for the major crop classifications in the African continent.
- Wheat:
- Contemporary System: The wheat cultivation procedure is initiated with preparing the field by leveling the soil, plucking out the extraneous weeds, ploughing and digging deep furrows for the plantation of the seed. This procedure is traditionally done by hand using a rake for smoothening the soil, a shovel or wheat drill attached to a tractor to dig deep furrows for wheat plantation.
- Proposed Autonomous System: An integrated automated robotic system should be used for the crop to be cultivated from the inception step of the field preparation to the final steps of harvesting. The robot/robot should have embedded intelligence of sensing and reacting to the current weather conditions like rainfall, desert, storms etc. The robot activities should be reported and logged in a central controlling unit that corroborates, posts real time alerts, emails, pictures and coordinates all the varied and numerous factors for the optimized crop output levels. Statistically at any moment of time the operator of the system should be able to evaluate the maximum crop output, the weed control level, seed planting status, the seed growth level, required water amounts etc. This task can be performed by an intelligent sensor oriented machine whose size is not as big as a cumbersome tractor but is not small enough to be damaged by the existing land's nomenclature. The robot could be shaped like a tractor but its size can be reduced. It can have heavy mettled axle based wheels for tough terrains. The robot should be able to judge the leveling, maintain its center of gravity while conducting a reconnaissance of the land. If the land is already leveled then it can check the surrounding areas under cultivation. It should be equipped with a specialized GPS with special focus on spatial coordinates and should be able to map its trajectory keeping the surrounding area in context. This can be done by a kinetic robot or a sensor enabled robot. If the land is not leveled then the land robot will as per instructions level the land. Once the first leveling step is completed the robot will plow the field to create furrows whose size will be according to the parameters like the seed variety, soil variety, water retention property of the land etc.While creating furrows it should have the ability to destroy the weeds using lasers, sensors and micro spraying mechanisms. It should have inbuilt self checking mechanisms for unforeseen obstacle, unconducive weather conditions. The robot should be able to dock back into its centralized station of operation after the assigned task. The robot should also have inbuilt security features like an automated alarm system when it detects the presence of an unknown person/animal in the territory that it needs to guard and the sensitivity to movement can be regulated.
- Contemporary System: The next step is nourishing the soil with fertilizers. This is traditionally done by a manual sprayer.
- Proposed Autonomous System: An automated independent robotic system for micro spraying can be used in conjunction with the aforementioned system for the crop preparation process or an integrated system can be used with subcomponents for all the phases of the crop cultivation. The automated micro sprayer should be able to survey the soil in the potential planting area, the exact seed planting positions, take the environmental factors into consideration and be able to determine the levels of chemical fertilizers present. Replenishing the soil with the fertilizers to the requisite level in the proximity of the seed positions is the next to step to resolve the depletion. This will also provide the correct level of nutrition to the seed and prevent wastage of precious fertilizers. The trajectory can either be traversed by the robot in a straight path and spray nozzles can spray in a rectangular cross section area or it can be customized according to the field shape.
- Contemporary System: The wheat seeds need to be subsequently disseminated into the furrows. This dissemination is customarily done manually.
- Proposed Autonomous System: This can be done by a robotic seed disseminator system which spreads seeds according to parameters like distance between all the neighboring seeds surrounding it, the water levels, the fertilizer levels, air and other environmental factors. The seed planting process can be recorded and logged in the central unit. If the monitoring system reports any seed planting failure then it can be repeated for those particular positions.
- Contemporary System: Watering the wheat seeds is the fourth step. The distribution of water is done either manually, by small water pipes or rainfall.
- Proposed Autonomous System: Water can be collected from rain or via transportation endeavours from the sea (desalinated if required) or surrounding water bodies into indoor/outdoor reservoirs. Water can be distributed using robotic sprayers after seeding or by performing a dual process at the time of spraying the fertilisers.The levels of water should be the requisite amount for proper utilization of water especially in the areas of water paucity. The water content for each seed should be logged in the central unit. The water has to be distributed according to the environmental and weather conditions. These parameters should be input in the database repository of the robot. The best variety of wheat is grown in the summer time and therefore all the factors should be considered before the process is automated. The probabilistic natural precipitation in the form of rainfall also has to be taken into account for determining the level of water to be distributed. Frequency and the quantity of water distribution have to be optimal for a good output.
- Contemporary System: Monitoring and redressal process of the weed and pest infestation problem is the fifth step. The weeding application of insecticide is usually done manually.
- Proposed Autonomous System: The first step is to differentiate the weed from the crop seed .This can be done by either mapping and identification of current weeds against a database of weeds or the shrubs that are not in the grid lines of the seeds planted. The weed control can be done by laser destruction or robot operated herbicide spray on the weed to make it wilt and die. The weed levels and types should be monitored and logged.
- Contemporary System: Harvesting is the final step of cultivation before the wheat is sent for processing and packaging. The crop harvesting by cutting the wheat kernels is done manually.
- Proposed Autonomous System: Crop harvesting can be done when the wheat maturation level is at an optimal level. The wheat kernel can be cut with automated robotic scythes when the stems dry up and the kernels dry up totally. This level can be monitored by the automated robotic system. If the pattern of harvesting is different due to different factors selective harvesting can be performed. Regression analysis can be performed and the various factors can be used to forecast the harvesting process for the future to obtain a better yield. This analysis can be performed for all processes to incrementally improve the innovative, automated agricultural procedure. These mature kernels can be then transported to a facility for processing and packaging.
- Rice:
- Contemporary System: The conventional technique is to flood the field and then plant the seeds or vise versa.
- Proposed Autonomous System: The newer techniques of intermittent irrigation are a good method of rice cultivation. This entails leveling of land. Creating paddy fields and planting seeds. This can be automated the same way as the wheat cultivation. The rice can then be irrigated by the robot to the optimum level. Once the level of water reaches a stipulated level the field can be irrigated again. The robot can be instructed to check the irrigation level periodically. As soon as the stipulated lower level is reached the field should be irrigated to the optimum level .The weeds can be dealt using laser or autonomous micro spraying techniques. Management of cracked soil formed during the fallow period can be dealt by land leveling as a leveled field requires lesser water. Leveling also decreases the weed problem. This is the autonomous process is performed by the robot initially. The robot should also be able to ascertain if the land needs any leveling later on. It should also be programmed to check and annihilate weeds and pests if the level reaches a certain high hazard level.
- Beans, Pulses:
- Contemporary System: Customarily pulses are grown manually by installing props and planting the seed.
- Proposed Autonomous System: The beans/pulses require soil preparation by leveling and adding the required fertilizer like compost. This can be done by robotic equipment as described in the wheat cultivation. For the runner variety of beans a cane prop needs to be installed for each bean plant at a given distance with respect to the surrounding plants. This process can be automated by embedding instruction into the robot with spatial intelligence and coordinate structuring. The robot should be able to perform the aforesaid tasks independently without human intervention. The grid can be planned by mapping the area into horizontal rows. If the bean is grown in containers the pots of the required size should be placed at the right distance, filled with soil, fertilizer and inundated with the right amount of water. The robot should ensure that the runner beans entwine around the cane. Watering has to be monitored regularly by the robot as the beans require an optimum amount of water for good growth. The harvesting entails picking of the beans by the robot periodically as per their maturation rate. The more the beans are picked the more production of beans follows. The robot will sense the maturation of the bean and collect it as per the preprogrammed instruction. Bean plants usually continue to produce beans starting from late July continuing till winter months. The plant needs to be protected from frost. Indoor cultivation can be implemented to protect it from frost.
- Fruits and nuts:
- Contemporary System: Hand picking of nuts and fruits is the predominate technique of collection.
- Proposed Autonomous System:This can be done by the automated robotic equipment with sensors to detect the particular fruit or nut's color, position, orientation, characteristics and maturation level etc. It should have inbuilt vine recognition abilities. The robot should be able to obtain the visual coordinates of the trees and the fruits using a GPS enabled component. The maturation levels can be detected using ultra sonic, sound or microwave sensors. The sensing of ripeness of a fruit can trigger the arm of the robotic equipment to break the fruit and collect it. The database of the fruits, nuts and their various parameters can be input as a specification baseline to compare, automate the identification and picking process. The robotic equipment should have a 360 degree of freedom so that the robotic arm can extend itself if needed for the fruit/nut picking process. The robotic machine can be customized to prune the trees of various types, watering the fruit/nut tree and also micro spraying it according to the intelligent analysis input in the machine for it to be lucrative and a good alternative as compared to the manual process. The robot should be able to identify the fungal/bacterial, pest infection and treat it accordingly. The robot can work at night as at that time insects are moving and the winds are not very strong.
Required Resources:
There are a plethora of resources required for this enterprise. The resources can be classified into the following generic types:
- Financial Resources: The monetary funding requirements should be met by the African government, accredited world agencies like WHO, World Bank, philanthropic organizations like Bill and Melinda Gate Foundation, industrial houses and technologically advanced entities who pledge a high percentage of proceeds to be utilized for the upliftment of the indigenous African population. With the upgradation of the African people the world will at large achieve a win win situation as it will provide the proceeds in cash and kind to the world. The gains will help improve the conditions of the African continent and will provide avenues for further research, better equipment customized according to the terrain, environmental conditions and adoption of best practices in contemporary times.
- Infrastructural Resources: These resources should be procured from the robotic and automation infrastructure building conglomerates and corporations that are making the various components for the particular crop cultivation. By collaborating with these and independent vendors the robotic solutions can be customized as per the climatic, soil and other essential parameters and constraints. These resources should be subsidized as a result of the monetary funding provided by the aforementioned entities. If any of the robotic components is still not available then that can be built to order or can be improvised by the usage of an alternate automated solution. For scheduling the sequence of events from the inception of the project i.e. the planning phase of the project to the phase of crop harvesting ,transportation, packaging and processing mathematical techniques like PERT, CPM can be used. Gantt chart can also be used as this technique emphasizes more on the project time line. To optimize the solution space a combination of these techniques can be used to leverage the strengths of these scientific formulations. These methodologies can deal with the complexities of the various actions that need to be taken concurrently in a parallel mode or in a serial mode so that it can be executed in a predetermined time frame.
- Intellectual/Human Resources: The intellectual and human resources should be a caucus/conclave of indigenous Africans with excellent native knowledge, African bureaucrats and governmental officers, agricultural experts, scientists, bio technology specialists, genetic engineering specialist, technological experts, research experts from universities, NGOs, weather forecasting specialists etc.
Initially the endeavour will need to be funded but once the agricultural output will be achieved then the monetary and qualitative outputs will turn it into a self sustaining program. Indigenous robotic research and development centers can be built in Africa. The gains will help improve the conditions of the African continent and will provide avenues for further research, better equipment customized according to the terrain, environmental conditions and best practices in contemporary times.
Business Case:
Components of the current Business Case:
- Reference -Agricultural Robotic applications in the African continent.
- Context, Value Proposition - The objective of this project is to provide a better livelihood to the African population and to increase food resources for the world at large. The business benefits for the technological partnerships and robotic companies will be that they will get a percentage of the proceeds and they will help ameliorate the devastating conditions of the African farmers. The risks of proceeding with the project can be minimized by performing a pilot project. The trial will ensure the profitability of the venture when executed in a large scale mode. The pilot project is a major test in the feasibility analysis. A prototype can be used for the different regional implementation and can be customized accordingly. The Value proposition can also be projected for the future forecasting patterns. The probabilistic scenarios can be built before the initiation of the project .These then can closely monitored for value augmentation and quality assurance. Worst case scenario, optimistic scenarios can be evaluated and the pilot project's outcome's accomplishment can be ascertained realistically. This evaluation helps in incrementally improving the steps to be taken in the full scale implementation.
- Focus: The solution scope is in the African continent context. The constraints are monetary, availability of robotic components, availability of intellectual knowledge and technological expertise, climatic and terrain constraints, governmental permissions and approvals.
- Deliverables: The deliverables here are better and automated agricultural practices and infrastructural equipment for the farmers of Africa. The key stakeholders are the project team, the technological companies delivering the robotic components, African agriculturists and the African government. Dependencies are the governmental approvals, financial fundings, availabilities of robotic components etc.
- Workload: The various stages that are involved in the process are project planning and segmentation, project team building, bidding and negotiation, procuring funding, robotic component requisition and obtainment. The next stage is performing the pilot project. If the pilot project is successful then the final stage is executing the whole scale farming enterprise.
- Required Resource and Commitments: Project team, robotic components, funding, permissions and agricultural resources are the required resources. Commitments are the deliverables, project reporting, budget, scheduling tracking, and research, forecasting using the statistical models, future planning and ongoing incremental improvements.
- Marketing Strategies and Funding: The marketing strategies entail first of all the popularization of the robotic endeavour for the betterment of the African agriculturists. This idea can promotionalised by various media sources like the internet, newspapers, and television sources and also by word of mouth. The endeavour can be promoted in a focused manner to the major entities required to cooperate, provide infrastructure and monetary resources for the implementation of the automated venture. The pilot trial project should be done as a template or to provide an insight into the anticipated predicted output for the large scale project. The funding should be provided as mentioned earlier by the African government, world organizations like the World Bank, philanthropic organizations, robotic conglomerates and universities.
- Forecasting Profit and Loss: The profit and loss can be predicted by the statistics collected regarding the pricing of the endeavour. The aforementioned worst case scenario, optimistic scenarios can be taken as an input parameters and for each of these scenarios profit and loss can be forecasted.
Plan and Execution:
The initiative showcases a fully automated, precise agricultural solution to overcome the adversities that the African farmers face even in the contemporary technological advanced world. To make sure that the initiative is not a redundant one a pilot trial project can be undertaken. A couple of small scale model farms in Africa within the context of the diverse climatic conditions can be tested with all the robotic equipments before a large scale agricultural endeavour is undertaken. The potential companies providing these equipments should be persuaded to provide free trial equipment conditional to the fact that if the endeavour succeeds their services will be solicited for a bigger agricultural venture. The bidding, the marketing, project infrastructural components procurement, governmental regulatory constraints also need to be dealt with for a smooth and trouble free trial. Wheat, Rice, Vegetables, fruits and beans should be the main focus in the automation process as this constitutes all the components of a nutritional diet. A blue print can be prepared as a template for the execution of the pilot project and the large scale project. The team should constitute of African nationals with excellent native know how, agricultural experts, and robotic experts and philanthropic experts. This then can be sent for reviewal and approval to the decision making authority under the aegis of the African government. It can also be sent to other world authorities and organizations for augmentation and critical appraisal of the planned execution. African connect money can be used for marketing the idea of robotic farming. It can be used to obtain ideas and people for making the pilot project more streamlined. It can be used to solicit aid and assistance in the sphere of technology, agricultural products and processes.
To elaborate the plan in more detail I have constructed the prominent entities in the planning and execution of the project. These can be enumerated as follows:
Project Activity Identification Framework
- Phase 1
- Project Purpose Analysis
- Project Requirement Analysis
- Project Feasibility and Risk Analysis
These activities can be done concurrently. A Gantt time line chart can be constructed so that this phase gets completed in three months with all the approvals, activities and analysis.
- Phase 2
- Consensus on all the aforementioned analysis and activities.
This should take a week at the most to log in all the decisions, activities taken in the phase 1.
- Phase 3
- Task Analysis and Enumeration
- Product and Resource Analysis
- Determining Deliverables and Goals
- Constraint Identification
- Project Entity Enumeration
- Financial Revenue Sources and Cost Analysis
- Identification of Legal Issues
- Human Resource Identification
These activities can be done concurrently. A Gantt time line chart can be constructed so that this phase gets completed in five months with all the approvals, activities and analysis.
- Phase 4
- Consensus on all the aforementioned analysis and activities.
This should take a week at the most to log in all the decisions, activities taken in the phase 3.
- Phase 5
- Pilot Project Parameters and Constraints Identification
- Environmental, locale Resource attribute Analysis
- Locale Identification
- Government Regulations and Permissions
- Project Task Network and Breakdown
- TimeLine Chart
- Pilot Project Planning
- Pilot Plan Objective
These activities can be done concurrently. A Gantt time line chart can be constructed so that this phase gets completed in five months with all the approvals, activities and analysis.
- Phase 6
- Consensus on all the aforementioned analysis and activities.
This should take a week at the most to log in all the decisions, activities taken in the phase 5.
- Phase 7
- Product Procurement
- Pilot Project Implementation
- Pilot Project Tracking and Improvement
- Feedback and Quality Control
- Forecasting and Research Activities
- Comprehensive Pilot Project Documentation and Specifications
These activities can be done concurrently. A Gantt time line chart can be constructed so that this phase gets completed in one year with all the implementation and documentation
- Phase 8
- Critical appraisal on all the aforementioned implementation
This should take a week at the most to log in all the activities performed in phase 7.
- Phase 9
- Large Scale Implementation considering the Pilot Project as a Template.
- Project Documentation and Specifications
- Future Planning and modifications
These activities can be done concurrently. A Gantt time line chart can be constructed so that this phase gets completed in one year with all the implementation and documentation
- Phase 10
- Critical appraisal on all the aforementioned implementation
This should take a week at the most to log in all the activities performed in phase 10.
Project Activity Identification Phase Algorithm: I constructed a basic algorithm to depict the phases that I described in detail. Every new phase needs to be reviewed, critically appraised and modified before the transitioning into the next phase.This algorithm can be viewed in the attached file named Robotic_Agriculture.rtf.
The target audience will be African government, African population, World organizations that represent the world at large, universities in Africa and the world focused on agricultural research and robotic equipment manufacturing.
An assembly line strategy/pert cpm can be constructed for the sequence of activities to be done concurrently or sequentially.
Real World Impact:
If implemented with the seriousness of purpose the real world impact will be a phenomenal one. It will open forays into agricultural innovations and agriculture will no longer be an arena of drudgery and fatique.It will infact become a enterprise that can be operated, monitored and regulated by technology,robots,brain power resulting in the mitigation of the debilitating effects of the environmental extreme factors that are faced by the African population every day. The scope of the impact will be a spiraling one. It will initially impact the African continent but will eventually also affect the world positively. The tentative time to achieve the initial results is approximately a year or two. This is the time that the pilot projects can be tested and the results can be an indicator for a full fledged implementation. These can vary a little for different crop varieties. The world will come together in terms of providing infrastructural equipment, intellectual resources, robotic equipment, funding and work towards an automated agricultural endeavour which will provide food for the human inhabitants of the earth.
Agricultural Robotic resources/articles/videos/references:
1. How Robotic Farming Could Enhance Agricultural Sustainability
2. http://www.popularmechanics.com/technology/engineering/robots/4328685
3. Smart gardeners MIT
4. Carnegie Mellon University's Field Robotics Center SENSOR BASED APPLE ORCHARD EQUIPMENT
5. Robot Farm: OKLAHOMA STATE UNIVERSITY GREEN SEEKER
6. Down on the farm with the robots http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/technology/8558095.stm
7.Agricultural Robotics Portal
8. Fuji Heavy Industries outs friendless, autonomous farming robot
Fuji Heavy Industries in Japan has announced what it's calling 'the first' autonomous farming robot. This "Rice Planting Robot" now being developed by the National Agricultural Research Center (NARC) of the National Agriculture and Food Research Organization (NARO) was chosen as the recipient of "The Robot Award 2008", the grand prize for outstanding performance.
9. The eight-armed orange harvester will strip ripe fruit from trees.
Vision Robotics, a San Diego company, is working on a pair of robots that would trundle through orchards plucking oranges, apples or other fruit from the trees.
10. Farming Robots Have a Field Day in Netherlands
Wageningen University
11. Farm robots innovative agricultural robots
12. Rice planting robot
13. Farm Robots
14. A specification for an autonomous
Mechanization system: robotic agriculture
15. Carnegie Mellon university robotics institute
16. http://www.roboticharvesting.com/videos.html
17. AgBo Agricultural Robot
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Computer Science
Earth Science
Social Science
Reported July 2010
GAINESVILLE, Fla. (Ivanhoe Newswire) -- They provide the jolt many young people rely on to get through the day, but energy drinks are also a popular addition to the party at night. One study found 50 percent of college students drink three or more energy drink and alcohol cocktails in a night. But some researchers say it can secretly turn into a dangerous mixture.
They're a $10 billion industry in the United States. It is the mixer of choice for many young partiers.
"It's by far the most popular -- Red Bull and vodka," bartender Kara Oglanian told Ivanhoe.
Oglanian loves a cocktail that doubles as a pick-me-up.
"When I drink energy drinks my energy gets bumpin," Oglanian explained. "I'm able to do anything almost. Mix that with alcohol and you have like a different sensation. It's a high almost."
So instead of the usual sleepy effect of alcohol, people who drink this concoction feel just the opposite. Leading to a dangerous phenomenon called wide-awake drunk.
"The wide awake drunk phenomenon describes an individual who is impaired by alcohol but is wide awake," Bruce Goldberger, Ph.D., a toxicologist at the University of Florida, in Gainesville, Fla., explained.
In a study just released in the Journal of Addictive Behaviors, toxicologists found people who drink energy drinks mixed with booze are three times more likely to get drunk, and four times more likely to intend to drive drunk, compared to those who stick to alcohol alone.
"So there's an interaction that occurs in the body so these people are more likely to behave in risky ways," Goldberger said.
The caffeine in energy drinks is a stimulant. Alcohol is a depressant. Combine the two and experts in addictive behavior proved it not only increases a person's intoxication level but also decreases their self-awareness.
"What the caffeine does is it creates this sensation or perception with the person that they're less intoxicated, so they think they're okay, but they're not," Dennis Thombs, Ph.D., an addictive behavior expert at the University of Florida, said.
It's sobering information that experts hope will make more people think before they drink.
"I might think twice about doing it," Oglanian said.
In the study, the average BAC or breath alcohol concentration for those who mixed alcohol and energy drinks was .109 -- well above most legal driving limits of .08.
Researchers also found consumers of energy drink cocktails left the bars later at night and drank for longer periods of time.
This report has been produced thanks to a generous grant from the Camille and Henry Dreyfus Foundation, Inc.
Click here to Go Inside This Science or contact:
Dr. Bruce Goldberger
University of Florida College of Medicine
Gainesville, FL 32608
(352) 265-0680 ext. 72001
Do you know what should and should not be on your sunscreen label? Listen up before you lather up!
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A University of Utah professor and his students are convinced their invention will steady the hands of surgeons, artists, and people with conditions like cerebral palsy.
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Music: we hear it on the radio. We play it on our iPods. We dance to it. Why do we love music so much? As one philosophy professor is showing, it could be because it's within us all. He's proving music is more than skin-deep.


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A system developed and patented by AstroTurf® to eliminate installation variables.
In an effort to continue its leadership role in an expanding industry, AstroTurf® has developed an exciting new process for constructing fields. AstroTurf®'s PREFAB system significantly reduces installation variables, inconsistencies and install time.
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St. Louis Rams' Russell Training Center
This state-of-the-art facility is an ultimate display of the benefits of the PREFAB system. The Rams' construction schedule provided 45 days to complete the site work and AstroTurf® installation, but the persistent poor weather in Missouri delayed the site work by several weeks. AstroTurf® approved the dynamic base construction mid-day on Thursday, July 23, 2009. The St. Louis Rams' training camp opened as scheduled on Monday morning of July 27, 2009. Through the PREFAB patented process, AstroTurf® was able to install the AstroTurf® GameDay Grass™ field in less than 4 days!


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All the rejuvenated talk of banning all semi-automatic firearms, "high capacity" magazines ("progressive"-speak for standard capacity magazines), and private sales (and a mandate for "universal background checks" would be just that--a ban of private sales) ignores the fact that technology is on the verge of making such endeavors utterly irrelevant. When one can after all simply print these items at home, without asking the government's permission, "gun control" will have suffered its long and richly deserved death without dignity.
LiveLeak.com contributor "Buck O'Fama" has brought that day closer by successfully producing a copy of the Ruger Charger .22 caliber semi-automatic pistol, making the receiver on an inexpensive, small format 3-D printer. It should be noted that in some ways, this project is a far less ambitious endeavor than the first 3-D printed pistol, the "Liberator." That single-shot .22 is made entirely of plastic, shaped by the 3-D printer, except for the metal nail that acts as a firing pin, and a block of metal that serves no structural purpose, and is included only to comply with federal laws banning "plastic guns." This means that even the chamber, breech and barrel--the parts of the gun exposed to the greatest heat and kinetic stresses--are made of plastic. That being the case, it is hardly surprising that with 3-D printing of guns still in its infancy, the Liberator is less a useful firearm than a proof of concept.
The 3-D printed copy of the Ruger Charger, on the other hand, is composed only partially of 3-D printed plastic. Other parts were ordered from retail outlets. "Gun control" zealots should find little solace in that fact, though, because the part that was produced on the printer was the receiver, which according to federal law, is the gun, for all legal purposes, and the only part regulated by any federal gun laws, including bans on possession by felons, a requirement for serial numbers and background checks, etc. Actually, presumably because of the small format of the inexpensive 3-D printer used, the receiver had to be printed in two sections, which were then joined together using Krazy Glue--indicating that .22 rimfire is probably about the upper limit for this approach, in terms of power.
Before the gun ban jihadists gloat too enthusiastically about that limitation, though, they should be reminded that they had no problem telling New Jersey residents that they should be willing to accept the .22 rimfire as being enough to defend their homes, lives and families with, because a "smart gun," available only in that caliber, appeared poised to hit the market, triggering the state's 2002 law mandating that "smart guns" be the only handguns available in the state.
3-D printing of firearms is still in its infancy, but it's a precocious infant, and growing fast. And the gun ban zealots are increasingly coming to believe that "It's Alive."
If you're a regular St. Louis Gun Rights Examiner reader and believe it provides news and perspectives you won't find in the mainstream press, please subscribe to this column and help spread the word by sharing links, promoting it on social media like Facebook (Kurt Hofmann) and Twitter (@45superman), and telling your like-minded friends about it. Also watch for Kurt's articles for Jews for the Preservation of Firearms Ownership.
Suggested Links
- An arms factory in every home: Gun control fights against its inevitable demise
- Printed gun fails after 6 shots: 'Ma Deuce' wasn't built (or printed) in a day*
- CSGV suddenly decides printed firearms are 'hype,' ignores their bigger problem
- 2014 could be big year for 'printed' guns
- BATFE joins 3-D printed gun fearmongering


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Tickets For Tech-Baylor Game In Cowboys Stadium On Sale
Tickets are on sale for the Nov. 16 match-up between Tech and Baylor in Cowboys Stadium
July 4, 2013
Your Texas Tech Red Raiders will once again take on the Baylor Bears in the Texas Farm Bureau Insurance Shootout at Cowboys Stadium in Arlington this fall. Tickets are on sale now for the game on Nov. 16 and you can purchase tickets by calling (806) 742-TECH or online at texastech.com/tickets.
Ticket prices will remain the same as last year at $120 in the club level, $65 in the lower and upper corners and $40 in the upper deck. Special group pricing is also available for groups of 20 or more in the $65 and $40 seating areas. A discounted, upper level four-pack is also available for $120. Beginning Aug. 1, Texas Tech students can purchase two tickets (per student ID) for $30 each but must do so in person at the athletics ticket office located on the west side of Jones AT&T Stadium and present a valid TTU ID.
Fans are encouraged to purchase their tickets through the athletics ticket office so that revenues generated from those purchases will directly benefit Texas Tech. Additionally, fans have the ability to purchase advanced automobile and RV parking through ticketmaster.com.
Texas Tech Ticket Office Hours: Monday-Friday 8:30 am to 5 pm
Temporarily located at the West Club entrance of Jones AT&T Stadium


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Photography by artist Antony Crossfield. I love his manipulation of the form of the body, as well as the feeling that each image is a still from a larger narrative.
Photography by artist Antony Crossfield. I love his manipulation of the form of the body, as well as the feeling that each image is a still from a larger narrative.
In the spirit of All Hallows Eve, we thought it would be cool to share some of our favorite Halloween memorabilia for all of you B/D ghouls and ghosts. This includes vintage horror movie posters and pumpkin carvings; many of which were created by sculptor extraordinaire Ray Villafane. Enjoy! We did!
Each project carried out by Winkler + Noah has a meaningful focus with a motive to provoke serious thought. My favorite has to be the "Short Life" series. "We had been working for about a year and a half at the Shortlife project when we found a newspaper article with the following title: "DIES WHILE WAITING IN LINE FOR THE ART SHOW AND TOURISTS TAKE PICTURES". An old man died while waiting to see the Raffaello's exhibition in Florence and other tourists started to shoot at him with their cameras as if it were the most natural thing to do. This was the sad confirmation of what we were trying to represent in this photographic project: the end of respect for man means the end of everything: everything is legal, commercial and sellable. Nothing is private anymore, nothing can be stopped, everyone can do whatever he/she wants, without rules or morals, in a accelerating process that leaves nothing behind. Not even death can stay out of the show."
Kenny B. Harris has some awesome posters using mix and digital media. Check it out!
Fabio Tonetto has some pretty crazy illustrations where his cute characters look like they are made out muscle tissue or twisted veins. You can check out his flickr page as well.
Paintings by German/Dutch artist Francien Krieg. Her figures are at once delicately ethereal and grotesquely real.
Decontruct. Reconstruct. Gabi Trinkaus' collages make for portraits that, at a distance, look like paintings of gorgeous people. On closer inspection, they bring details of chopped up textures, words, and logos.


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MYTH BEHIND FORECLOSURE..... Exposed! Wall Street, Big Banks and You!
Occupy wall street, foreclosure help, BofA
by Urika Ramseur "Girl From Detroit", series.
Emerging Publisher; with a concentration on digital content distribution and fair trade through providing authors more royalties for their work. World wide distribution for paperback books.
Comment posted.
ninti1 says Occupy Wall Street, inspired by "Myth behind foreclosure, Wall Street, Big Banks and You!" by your copy today.
posted at 11:31PM Oct 08 PST
ninti1 says The "Girl from Detroit series™" gives you the tools to help you through foreclosure and unlawful attacks on your property. Keeping you up to date with the latest laws and provisions that can save your home! The author was on the ground floor dealing with people day to day before and after the crisis, as a licensed professional. She spent the later part of her career helping people out of this foreclosure/ banking fraud mess. Also see the author's blog: http://girlfromdetroit.co where she gives up to date information on the banking industry; recent cease and desist orders, sanctions and federal cases against big banks. Opens dialogue for answers to the real estate crisis, mortgage fraud, foreclosure evictions, economy, united States history.
posted at 11:22PM Oct 08 PST
Log in or create an account to post a comment.


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More: Does it keep getting better as you get older?
JF: Yes, and I was surprised by this. One of the reasons I wanted to write Prime Time was that I found I was just so happy. I come from a long line of depressives, so being so happy at 70 is not what I expected. When I began to research, what I found was that people after the age of 50 have more of a sense of well-being. What research indicates is that you have a long life behind you. You have been there, done that and survived it. When you are young, you are all over the place thinking, Maybe I need to know this, and maybe I need to know that. You don't know what's ahead. When you are older, the thought process is, Been there, done that. You also know what you can overlook and what you don't need to know and what you can let go of. Older people are also great mediators, because they know how to smooth over differences.
More: You have a boyfriend. Does that mean love and relationships get better with age too?
JF: They can. For one thing, in a woman's case, they tend to say "Enough" and leave. Usually it's the older women who initiate the divorces. That is not commonly known, but they do quite well, thank you. Men, much less so. If you are in a happy relationship, sex can get better because you know your body. You know what you want and what you need for pleasure. I focused a lot on sex in my book because a lot of people feel sexy at an older age and I want to help people negotiate those changes so they can still be happy and sexually active.
More: It sounds like you have had a fascinating life.
JF: I have had a wonderful life and been blessed.
More: Is it always red-carpet fabulous?
JF: Part of it is very glamorous, yes. I got the L.A. Press Club Visionary Award just recently. Robert Redford presented it to me. Jeff Daniels and Sam Waterston were there too. There were video clips from James Taylor and Jimmy Buffett, Vanessa Redgrave and my favorite ex-husband, Ted Turner. It brought a little glamour to the scene [laughs].
More: That deserves a double wow!
JF: But that is when you are out in public. I spend a lot of time doing things that aren't so glamorous, such as staying at home to read or work out.
More: You are also a breast cancer survivor. How are you feeling?
JF: I am fine. Luckily it was an easy cancer to get rid of.
More: The holidays are upon us. Any big plans?
JF: My family is all coming for Christmas to the new house my boyfriend and I bought together.
Click here to read Andrew McCarthy's Secret Career.
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Yu Du Hotel - Chongqing
- Location:
- Address: 168 Bayi Road, Yuzhong District, Chongqing
- Tel: 023-63828888 (Book this hotel, call 800-2682918)
- Hotel Name in Chinese: 重庆渝都大酒店
- Lowest Price: $26
- Prices not include 18% service fee and tax.
- Payment Method: pay using our secure online payment service or pay at the hotel at some hotels.
- Triple/quad occupancy may require an extra bed at extra cost.
Hotel Amenities
|Hotel Services
|Luggage service, Car rentals, Laundry service, Room service, Wake Up Call, 24hr Reception, Permanent English-speaking staff, Business Centre, Copy Service, E-mail, Translation Service, Fax Service, Typing Service
|Room Amenities
|Air conditioning, AM/FM radio, Alarm clock, Color Television, Coffee/tea maker, Telephone, Hair dryer, Iron and ironing board, Refrigerator, Bath and Shower, Free for Internet
Hotel Amenities: Elevator, Parking, Air-Conditioned Facilities, Beauty Salon, Business Center, Gift Shop, Meeting Room, Deposit Box at Front Desk, Fire Detector
Dining Facilities: Chinese Restaurant, Western Restaurant
Print the Taxi Directions
- Please drive me to Yu Du Hotel - Chongqing, thank you!
- 请送我到重庆渝都大酒店,谢谢
- Address: 168 Bayi Road, Yuzhong District, Chongqing
- 地址: 168 Bayi Road, Yuzhong District, Chongqing
- Tel: 023-63828888
Similar Hotels as Yu Du Hotel - Chongqing
Dragon Hotel - Chongqing
From: $ 26
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From: $ 26
Xing Ji Hotel - Chongqing
From: $ 26
Check out the list of all 218 hotels in Chongqing


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Dorothy and I recently returned to the City of Industry's Golden Corral to indulge in their incredible buffet again. We first enjoyed Golden Corral buffets in El Paso so were thrilled to find one had located closer to us than Bakersfield or Hesperia. But we learned a lesson from the last time we ate here. Don't go on weekends or for dinner hour unless you have lots of patience.
After enjoying a night at the Disneyland Resort, we drove over the hill from Anaheim to City of Industry specifically to arrive in early afternoon. While they were busy, they weren't crammed like they can get on a weekend or holiday. As the Golden Corral buffet gives fantastic value for the money, it's not surprising that they are populr. And for seniors, they even have a discount on top of their low prices.
Senior Lunch Buffet, $7.99
32 Oz fresh brewed iced tea, $2.49
Root beer, $1.99
We ordered a buffet each plus a couple beverages. Here's a tip for people like me who love drinking fresh brewed iced tea. Pay $.50 extra to get the takeout cup. You can fill it up while in line to pay in advance for your buffets. The server will keep it refilled during your meal and again before you leave.
The Industry Golden Corral has so many choices that I'll only cover a portion of what's available and add comments to some of them that we ate.
- Cole slaw
- Tuna fish salad – good flavor
- A variety of fresh fruit: water melon, cantaloupe, oranges (I skipped these.)
- Salads – various lettuces and spinach, Julienne cut fresh carrot, sliced beets, raisins, mushrooms, sunflower seeds, tomatoes
- Deviled eggs
- Imitation crab seafood salad
- Carrot raisin salad
My favorites are their carrot raisin salad, broccoli salad and imitation crab seafood salad. They've change the recipe for the seafood salad since we had it last. We didn't like it quite as much as previously but it is still really good. It might be that this Golden Corral served it with bigger pieces instead of shredded like it used to be. When it's shredded, more of seafood got coated with dressing.
- Bbq (bone-in) chicken – delicious – it was thoroughly cooked while still moist; it had a delicious, sweet barbecue sauce
- Slice of pepperoni pizza – wonderful pizza with a thin crust
- Pot roast - it was tender and moist though I would have enjoyed it more had I taken some of the gravy.
- Breaded shrimp – as good as these are, they are very tiny shrimp At least the breading was just right instead of being super thick.
- Cornmeal breaded catfish – it was a nice piece of catfish with a light breading
- Cottage cheese (I didn't have this.)
- Lasagna – Dorothy thought it was wonderful lasagna
- Quesadilla
- Fajita chicken
- Meatloaf
- Bourbon Street Chicken – this has been one of my favorite items on their buffet since we dined at Golden Corral in El Paso, Texas. The hospitality manager, Anthony, confirmed that this dish is really popular.
- Many more
Side Orders
- Deep fried breaded okra
- Mashed potatoes and gravy
- Refried beans
- Sweet corn kernels
- Cooked carrots
- Rice
- More
Golden Corral advertises their three fountains because they are very popular with diners of all ages though we saw children really fascinated with it.
- White Chocolate Falls – Dorothy didn't find much chocolate flavor in the white chocolate; it tasted of sugar only.
- Butterscotch Falls
- Chocolate Wonderfall – Dorothy pointed out that the chocolate doesn't dry and harden like the chocolate used to dip soft serve ice cream. We figure that it has to be more watered down so as to keep flowing through the fountain. Otherwise, Dorothy found she liked the chocolate best.
Treats to dip in the falls
- Rice Krispies Treats
- Strawberries
- Marshmallows
Coconut macaroons – delightful cookies
Christmas tree sugar cookies
Various pies and baked goods
Ice Cream and Sherbets
- Butter pecan ice cream – I loved my scoop. It reminded me of Thrifty's butter pecan ice cream, which I used to love.
- Mint chocolate chip ice cream – Dorothy found the teeny bits of chocolate in the mint ice cream delightful.
- Vanilla ice cream with butterscotch and chocolate sauce
I just wanted to give you a flavor of the items on their buffet. I doubt I covered 1/3 of the selections available. I recall Chinese dishes and Mexican dishes I didn't mention. On the lunch buffet, I didn't recall anything at the carving stations. But when we've been there for dinner, I've seen steak, ham and roast turkey being sliced and served.
When you want to experience an awesome selection of dishes to choose from, the City of Industry Golden Corral is worth the drive over the hill from Anaheim or anywhere in north Orange County. The food is really good and the staff works constantly to ensure you are satisfied. However, it is a really popular restaurant so try to go at a non-peak time.
Please share
If you enjoyed this review, please "Like" it on Facebook or +1 it on Google+ and Share it. Oh, tweets work too. Thanks, John
Additional information
Golden Corral #2597
17635 Castleton Street
City of Industry, CA 91748
Golden Corral Website
- Anaheim Convention Center, 800 W Katella Ave, Anaheim, CA 92802: 14.8 miles via S. Harbor /22.0 miles by CA-57 N
- Disneyland, Anaheim, CA: 14.3 miles via S. Harbor /21.9 miles by CA-57 N
- You'll have to call the restaurant as the Golden Corral website doesn't list hours.
Meals Served:
- Lunch
- Dinner
Cuisine Type:
- America with various ethnic dishes
Service Type:
- Self-serve buffet
- Casual dining
- Family restaurant


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