text:
Efficacy of n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids and feasibility of optimizing preventive strategies in patients at high cardiovascular risk: rationale, design and baseline characteristics of the Rischio and Prevenzione study, a large randomised trial in general practice
Background The optimization of preventive strategies in patients at high risk of cardiovascular events and the evaluation of bottlenecks and limitations of transferring current guidelines to the real world of clinical practice are important limiting steps to cardiovascular prevention. Treatment with n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids improves prognosis after myocardial infarction, but evidence of this benefit is lacking in patients at high cardiovascular risk, but without a history of myocardial infarction. Methods/design Patients were eligible if their general practitioner (GP) considered them at high cardiovascular risk because of a cardiovascular disease other than myocardial infarction, or multiple risk factors (at least four major risk factors in non-diabetic patients and one in diabetics). Patients were randomly allocated to treatment with n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (1 g daily) or placebo in a double-blind study and followed up for five years by their GPs to assess the efficacy of the treatment in preventing cardiovascular mortality (including sudden death) and hospitalization for cardiovascular reasons. The secondary, epidemiological, aim of the study is to assess whether it is feasible to adopt current guidelines in everyday clinical practice, with a view to optimizing all the available preventive strategies in people at high cardiovascular risk. A nation-wide network of 860 GPs admitted 12,513 patients to the study between February 2004 and March 2007. The mean age was 64 years and 62% were males. Diabetes mellitus plus one or more cardiovascular risk factors was the main inclusion criterion (47%). About 30% of patients were included because of a history of atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease, 21% for four or more risk factors, and less than 1% for other reasons. Discussion The Rischio and Prevenzione (R&P) project provides a feasible model to test the efficacy of n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid therapy in patients at high cardiovascular risk with no history of myocardial infarction, and to assess how to implement recommended preventive strategies in general practice. Trial registration ClinicalTrials.gov NCT00317707 PMID:20509875
Valutazione del libri di testo per le lingue straniere (Italiano L2) (Evaluation of Foreign Language Textbooks [Italian as a Second Language]).
ERIC Educational Resources Information Center
Sciarone, A. G.
An approach to language textbooks evaluation based on objective criteria and relying on data easily obtained by means of computers, such as word frequency lists, is proposed. The importance of vocabulary acquisition in language learning is emphasized. Accordingly, word selection and rate of repetition are seen as central evaluation criteria. (MES)
Il ruolo svolto dallíattivitý lavorativa sullíipertensione arteriosa
Barbini, N.; Gorini, G.; Ferrucci, L.; Biggeri, A.
RIASSUNTO Introduzione I parametri di pressione arteriosa, sistolica (PAS) o diastolica (PAD) hanno costituito Iíoggetto di numerosi studi, alcuni dei quali stabiliscono uníassociazione tra Iíaumnto di tali parametri e la mortalitý, in particolare alle etý medie. I fattori di rischio di ipertensione pi˘ frequentemente studiati sono il consumo di alcol, il fumo e Iíorigine etnica in riferimento sia alle differenze genetiche che nella condotta alimentare, mentre i fattori di origine professionale sono stati presi in considerazione pi˘ raramente e in maniera poco approfondita, inoltre sono state riferite notevoli differenze nelle pressioni arteriose medie di individui che svolgono professioni diverse. Sembra infatti che i ìcolletti bluî siano pi˘ a rischio dei ìcolletti bianchiî. Obiettivi Il nostro scopo Ë valutare se determinati rischi o vincoli connessi con líattivitý professionale o determinati stili di vita rappresentano un fattore di rischio per líipertensione arteriosa in considerazioni dellíaumentare dellíetý. Elementi specifici che rendano conto di questa relazione non sono stati ancora completamente chiariti e soprattutto i dati sulla popolazione italiana sono molto limitati. Metodi La metodologia di ricerca utilizzata Ë stata quella dellíindagine francese ESTEV (Derriennic, Touranchet, Volkoff) - VISAT (Marquie, Janson), studio epidemiologico longitudinale su oltre 23000 lavoratori attivata in Francia nel 1990 al fine di indagare gli effetti a lungo termine delle condizioni di lavoro, riferite allíintera vita professionale, sia sullíinvecchiamento sia sulla salute dei lavoratori. Analoga indagine Ë stata avviata in Italia, nel 2000, in 6 Regioni, prendendo in esame i lavoratori dipendenti di diversi settori produttivi appartenenti a 5 coorti di etý: da 32 a 52 anni con intervallo di 5 anni. Le rilevazioni sono state effettuate dai medici del lavoro di azienda attraverso 3 questionari: 1. sulle condizioni professionali (esposizione a determinati rischi o vincoli); 2. sugli stili di vita e la salute percepita secondo il Nottingham Health Profile; 3. sulle condizioni oggettive di salute. Per il presente lavoro saranno considerati solo alcuni parametri utili allíapprofondimento epidemiologico nel settore cardiocircolatorio. Essi riguarderanno: 1) le condizioni di lavoro, 2) la valutazione soggettiva del lavoro, 3) costrizioni specifiche del lavoro vissute come pi˘ gravose con líavanzare dellíetý. Relativamente allíipertensione, sono stati considerati ipertesi i soggetti che presentavano una PAS ?160 mm/Hg e/o una PAD ?90 mm/Hg nonchÈ coloro in cura antipertensiva. Risultati I risultati si riferiscono a 1104 lavoratori, di cui 76% uomini e 24% donne. La prevalenza di ipertensione si Ë dimostrata pi˘ elevata nei maschi (33% Vs 22%). Le stime del rischio hanno evidenziato una associazione statisticamente significativa con alcuni fattori lavorativi come mantenere posture difficili (O.R. 1.71), lavorare in presenza di calore (O.R. 1.43), a contatto con agenti chimici (O.R, 1.31). stare a lungo seduti (O.R. 1.48), fare pi˘ cose contemporaneamente (O.R. 1.41), essere interrotti nel proprio lavoro (O.R. 1,35). non poter distogilere gli occhi dal lavoro (O.R.1.61). Conclusioni Noi abbiamo osservato che alcune caratteristiche fisiche del lavoro, ma soprattutto quelle di tipo organizzativo sono fortemente associate allíipertensione arteriosa. Un elemento importante Ë sembrata la valutazione soggettiva del valore che i lavoratori danno del proprio lavoro: tale elemento Ë fortemente connesso con Iíorganizzazione del lavoro, pertanto Ë un possibile target di prevenzione (fattore di rischio modificabile). PMID:17886759
An analysis on Wildland Urban Interface in North Sardinia
NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)
Arca, B.; Pellizzaro, G.; Canu, A.; Pintus, G. V.; Ferrara, R.; Duce, P.
Climate variability and drought, typical of the Mediterranean climate, together with different anthropogenic disturbances (modifications of land use, deforestation, grazing, forest fires, etc.) makes the Mediterranean basin ecosystems extremely sensitive and vulnerable. In the last three decades, an increasing number of fires threatening the wildland urban interface (WUI) was observed. In Sardinia, this phenomenon is particularly evident in tourist and coastal areas where a large number of resorts is built within and surrounded by Mediterranean vegetation that is highly prone to events of wildfire. In these situations, the related risk of damage for villages, tourist resorts, other human activities and people is elevated especially in summer when the presence of human people is highest and meteorological conditions are extreme. In addition, fire can have significant effect on the hydrological response of the WUI causing the intensification of the erosive processes. Therefore, the development of planning policies is required in order to implement strategies to prevent and reduce wildfire and soil erosion risk in wildland urban interface areas. The main aims of this work are i) to assess presence and characteristics of wildland urban interface in a touristic areas of North Sardinia and ii) to evaluate fire danger and soil erosion risk in the studied area. The study was carried out in a coastal area located in North Sardinia, characterized by strong touristic development in the last thirty years. In that area, the characterization and mapping of the WUI were performed. In addition several simulation were carried out by the Farsite fire area simulator with the aim to study the spatial pattern of the fire danger factors in the vegetated areas closer to the WUI. Finally, maps of soil erosion were produced for the identification of the areas at high erosion risk in the WUI. This work is supported by MIIUR - Metodologie e indicatori per la valutazione del rischio di Incendio nelle aree di Interfaccia Urbano Rurale in ambiente mediterraneo. Legge Regionale 7 agosto 2007, n. 7.
Technology Transfer Automated Retrieval System (TEKTRAN)
Los ·caros constituyen un grupo abundante y diverso que ocupa diferentes h·bitats en ·rboles frutales y la estructura y disposiciÛn del follaje y ramas del mango, contribuyen significativamente a que se presente gran diversidad de ·caros benÈficos y daÒinos asociados a esta especie frutal. En Colomb...
Preguntas y respuestas acerca del Estudio del
El Estudio del Tamoxifeno y Raloxifeno (STAR, por sus siglas en ingls) es un estudio clnico (un estudio de investigacin conducido con voluntarios) diseado para ver cómo el medicamento raloxifeno (Evista) se compara con el medicamento tamoxifeno (Nolvadex)
Instant·nea del c·ncer de prÛstata
InformaciÛn sobre las tendencias de incidencia, mortalidad y financiamiento del NCI sobre el c·ncer de prÛstata; asÌ como ejemplos de actividades del NCI y adelantos en la investigaciÛn de este tipo de c·ncer.
Instant·nea del c·ncer de riÒÛn
InformaciÛn sobre las tendencias de incidencia, mortalidad y financiamiento del NCI sobre el c·ncer de riÒÛn; asÌ como ejemplos de actividades del NCI y adelantos en la investigaciÛn de este tipo de c·ncer.
La colección de hojas informativas del NCI trata de una variedad de temas relacionados con el cáncer. Las hojas informativas se revisan y ponen al día de acuerdo a las investigaciones más recientes sobre el cáncer.
NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)
Olano, C.; Lemarchand, G.; Sanz, A. J.; Bava, J. A.
El objetivo principal de este proyecto consiste en el estudio de la distribución y abundancia del CH en nubes interestelares a través de la observación de las líneas hiperfinas del CH en 3,3 GHz. El CH es una molécula de amplia distribución en el espacio interestelar y una de las pocas especies que han sido observadas tanto con técnicas de radio como ópticas. Desde el punto de vista tecnológico se ha desarrollado un cabezal de receptor que permitirá la realización de observaciones polarimétricas en la frecuencia de 3,3 GHz, con una temperatura del sistema de 60 K y un ancho de banda de 140 MHz, y que será instalado en el foco primario de la antena parabólica del IAR. El cabezal del receptor es capaz de detectar señales polarizadas, separando las componentes de polarización circular derecha e izquierda. Para tal fin el cabezal consta de dos ramas receptoras que amplificarán la señal y la trasladarán a una frecuencia más baja (frecuencia intermedia), permitiendo de esa forma un mejor transporte de la señal a la sala de control para su posterior procesamiento. El receptor además de tener características polarimétricas, podrá ser usado en el continuo y en la línea, utilizando las ventajas observacionales y de procesamiento de señal que actualmente posee el IAR.
NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)
Nevado del Huila Volcano in Colombia is actually a volcanic chain running north to south, capped by a glacier. With peaks ranging in height from 2,600 to 5,780 meters (8,530 to 18,960 feet), Nevado del Huila is a stratovolcano composed of alternating layers of hardened lava, solidified ash, and volcanic rocks. Its first recorded eruption occurred in the mid-sixteenth century. The long-dormant volcano erupted again in mid-April 2007. A few months before the eruption, the Advanced Spaceborne Thermal Emission and Reflection Radiometer (ASTER) on NASA's Terra satellite captured this image of Nevado del Huila, on February 23, 2007. In this image, the bright white area just east of the central summit is ice. Immediately west of the summit are bare rocks, appearing as blue-gray. West of those rocks, white reappears, but this patch of white results from clouds hovering in the nearby valley. In the east, the colors turn to brown (indicating bare rock) and bright green (indicating vegetation). ASTER photographed Nevado del Huila near the end of a long phase of quietude. On April 17, 2007, local authorities recorded seismic activity associated with rock fracturing on the volcano's central summit, according to the ReliefWeb Website. Activity intensified the following day with an eruption and mudflows, forcing thousands of nearby residents to evacuate. As the Associated Press reported, the eruption caused avalanches and floods that wiped away both houses and bridges. It marked the volcano's first recorded eruption since the Spanish colonized the area five centuries earlier. NASA image created by Jesse Allen, using data provided courtesy of the NASA/GSFC/MITI/ERSDAC/JAROS, and U.S./Japan ASTER Science Team.
Atlas del Genoma del C√°ncer: Antecedentes
El Atlas del Genoma del Cáncer es una iniciativa de los Institutos Nacionales de la Salud (NIH) para crear mapas multidimensionales completos de los cambios genómicos clave en los tipos y subtipos principales de cáncer.
Case Study: del Amo Bioventing
The attached presentation discusses the fundamentals of bioventing in the vadose zone. The basics of bioventing are presented. The experience to date with the del Amo Superfund Site is presented as a case study.
InfografÌa: beneficios y perjuicios de la prueba del PSA para la detecciÛn del c·ncer de prÛstata
InfografÌa que muestra los beneficios y perjuicios de la prueba del PSA para la detecciÛn del c·ncer de prÛstata, seg˙n estimaciones de dos estudios sobre ex·menes de detecciÛn del c·ncer de prÛstata.
Vacunas contra los virus del papiloma humano
Una hoja informativa acerca de las vacunas contra los virus del papiloma humano (VPH) para prevenir infecciones con ciertos tipos de VPH, los cuales son la causa principal del cáncer de cuello del útero o cérvix.
Marquez, Francisco; Rein, Charles R.; Arias, Oswaldo
This report deals with the geographical distribution, prevalence, epidemiology, etiology, serological, clinical, and histopathological features, and treatment of mal del pinto, or pinta, in Mexico. Repository penicillin preparations (PAM and Panbiotic) have been found highly effective in the treatment of this endemic, non-venereal treponematosis. ImagesFIG. 1FIG. 2FIG. 3FIG. 4FIG. 5FIG. 6FIG. 7FIG. 8 PMID:13260889
33 CFR 80.1118 - Marina Del Rey, CA.
Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR
... 33 Navigation and Navigable Waters 1 2010-07-01 2010-07-01 false Marina Del Rey, CA. 80.1118... NAVIGATION RULES COLREGS DEMARCATION LINES Pacific Coast ß 80.1118 Marina Del Rey, CA. (a) A line drawn from Marina Del Rey Breakwater South Light 1 to Marina Del Rey Light 4. (b) A line drawn from Marina Del...
Control del c√°ncer y salud mundial: noticia del Instituto Nacional del C√°ncer (NCI)
En combinación con una reunión de alto nivel de las Naciones Unidas sobre enfermedades no transmisibles en países en vías de desarrollo, el doctor Harold Varmus, director del NCI, y el doctor Ted L. Trimble, del NCI, han publicado un comentario en Science
Control del dolor: Apoyo para las personas con c·ncer
Libro sobre el control del dolor en pacientes con c·ncer. Cubre los mÈtodos y medicinas, asÌ como los efectos fÌsicos y emocionales del dolor. Es una adaptaciÛn cultural para el p˙blico de habla hispana del libro en inglÈs Pain Control.
Líneas Vitales: Programas y servicios del NCI
Artículos y videos sobre los programas y servicios del Instituto Nacional del Cáncer de la serie educativa Líneas Vitales del NCI, la cual está dirigida especialmente a poblaciones multiculturales.
Estudio del sistema simbiÛtico AR Pavonis
NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)
Quiroga, C.; Brandi, E.; Ferrer, O.; GarcÌa, L.; Barb·, R.
Se presenta un estudio espectroscÛpico y polarimÈtrico de la binaria eclipsante AR Pavonis a partir de observaciones obtenidas con el telescopio de 2.15 m. del CASLEO (San Juan). El estudio de la naturaleza del sistema se realizÛ a travÈs del an·lisis de algunos espectros reunidos entre los aÒos 1990 y 1995 y de datos polarimÈtricos correspondientes al intervalo 1995 y 1997. El an·lisis espectroscÛpico indica que AR Pav est· compuesta por una gigante roja M3.7 y una componente caliente compacta, con una temperatura mayor a 90000 K y una luminosidad del orden de 500Lsolar. A lo largo del perÌodo orbital, las variaciones observadas en flujo y en velocidades radiales, reflejan que las emisiones permitidas se forman en una regiÛn que rodea la componente caliente. El estudio de la polarizaciÛn lineal de AR Pav indica que adem·s de una componente interestelar, existe una componente intrÌnseca del sistema que varÌa temporalmente y con la longitud de onda de la luz polarizada. El distinto comportamiento del grado de polarizaciÛn y del ·ngulo de posiciÛn observado en fases diferentes, sugiere que distintos mecanismos pueden estar actuando, dependiendo de la regiÛn de scattering observado a lo largo de la lÌnea de la visual.
Información sobre las tendencias de incidencia, mortalidad y financiamiento del NCI sobre el linfoma; así como ejemplos de actividades del NCI y adelantos en la investigación de este tipo de cáncer.
Información sobre las tendencias de incidencia, mortalidad y financiamiento del NCI sobre el sarcoma; así como ejemplos de actividades del NCI y adelantos en la investigación de este tipo de cáncer.
Información sobre las tendencias de incidencia, mortalidad y financiamiento del NCI sobre el melanoma; así como ejemplos de actividades del NCI y adelantos en la investigación de este tipo de cáncer.
Produccion Gaseosa del Cometa Halley: Erupciones Y Fotodisociacion del Radical OH
NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)
Silva, A. M.; Mirabel, I. F.
RESUMEN:En este trabajo informamos la detecci6n de 20 erupciones en la li'nea de =18cm (1667MHz) del radical OH en el Cometa Halley.Las observaciones incluyen todos los monitoreos existentes y se extienden desde 120 dias antes del perihelio hasta 90 dias despues.Se detectan bruscos crecimientos en el flujo medido,hasta un factor 1O,seguidos por decaimientos lentos asociados con la fotodisociaci6n del OH. Se obtuvieron valores para el tiempo de vida fotoquimico del OH y del H2O basandose en el modelo desarrollado previamente por Silva(1988). Esos tiempos de vida estan de acuerdo con predicciones teoricas y con las observaciones en el Ultravioleta, y los resultados, los que son fuertemente dependientes de la velocidad heliocentrica del Coineta (variando hasta un factor 6), han sido calculados para varios rangos de velocidad entre +28 y -28 km/seg. Key wo'L :
Gonadal dysgenesis in del (18p) syndrome
Telvi, L.; Ion, A.; Fouquet, F.
We report on a girl with syndromal gonadal dysgenesis and a de novo del (18p). Genetic factors controlling gonadal development are located not only on the X chromosome, but also on autosomes. The present case suggests that one of these genes is situated on 18p. We conclude that patients with del (18p) syndrome should be evaluated for gonadal dysgenesis. 16 refs., 3 figs.
Calidad de Imagen del Telescopio UNAM212
NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)
Cobos, F. J.; Teiada de Vargas, C.
El telescopio UNAM2l2, del Observatorio AstronÛmico Nacional, situado en la Sierra de San Pedro M·rtir (Baja California, MÈxico), cumplira en un futuro muy cercano siete aÒos de uso para fines de investigaciÛn astronÛmica. Aunque en este tiempo no se ha efectuado un estudio sistem·tico acerca de su comportamiento Ûptico y de los factores que influyen en la calidad de las im·genes, se han realizado pruebas diversas, estudios parciales y reuniones especificas, cuyos resultados no siempre se han difundido ampliamente y generalmente no se han presentado por escrito. Es por ello que hemos creido necesario intentar una recopilaciÛn de la informaciÛn existente para poder con ella establecer un diagnÛstjco que, aunque no sea definitivo, sirva de base para futuros trabajos tendientes a optimizar el comportamiento Ûptico del telescopio. Es evidente que un buen n˙mero de las conclusiones que se presentan son resultado del trabajo de muchas personas Û de esfuerzos colectivos. Asimismo, hemos tratado de localizar informaciÛn bibliogr·fica que pueda ser de utilidad. Nuestro objetivo primordial ha consistido en centrarnos en la Ûptica del telescopio y su calidad, pero tambiÈn se han considerado otros aspectos que puedan afectar las im·genes obtenidas tales como: celda del primario, `seeing' local y externo, flexiones posibles en la estructura mec·nica del telescopio, etc.
Intertextual Sexual Politics: Illness and Desire in Enrique Gomez Carrillo's "Del amor", "del dolor y del vicio" and Aurora Caceres's "La rosa muerta"
ERIC Educational Resources Information Center
LaGreca, Nancy
This study explores the intertextuality between Aurora Caceres's "La rosa muerta" (1914) and the novel "Del amor, del dolor y del vicio" (1898) by her ex-husband, Enrique Gomez Carrillo. Caceres strategically mentions Gomez Carrillo's novel in "La rosa muerta" to invite a reading of her work in dialogue with his. Both narratives follow the sexual…
Intertextual Sexual Politics: Illness and Desire in Enrique Gomez Carrillo's "Del amor", "del dolor y del vicio" and Aurora Caceres's "La rosa muerta"
ERIC Educational Resources Information Center
LaGreca, Nancy
This study explores the intertextuality between Aurora Caceres's "La rosa muerta" (1914) and the novel "Del amor, del dolor y del vicio" (1898) by her ex-husband, Enrique Gomez Carrillo. Caceres strategically mentions Gomez Carrillo's novel in "La rosa muerta" to invite a reading of her work in dialogue with his. Both narratives follow the sexualÖ
DigitalizaciÛn de diapositivas del Sol en H ?
NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)
Missio, H.; Montenegro, C.; Montenegro, R.
El objetivo de este trabajo ha sido el de obtener im·genes digitalizadas de las diapositivas tomadas del Sol en luz de hidrÛgeno de la lÌnea correspondiente a H?, y de esta manera llegar a convertir las mismas a un archivo digital para poder ser tratadas luego por computadora y poder contabilizar con exactitud, mediante un programa adecuado para tal fin, las zonas activas del Sol en la imagen digitalizada. En principio, para llegar a esto se pensÛ en la utilizaciÛn de medios accesibles, y como detector se utilizÛ un fototransistor ubicado dentro de un soporte rectangular sobre dos ejes de desplazamiento X e Y. Se han obtenido con este procedimiento im·genes de buena calidad, construÌdas a partir de tres datos digitalizados en cada barrido que aportan la posiciÛn X e Y y la intensidad del pixel en ese punto indicada en 255 tonos de grises.
Grave, Frank; Buser, Michael
Visualization of general relativity illustrates aspects of Einstein's insights into the curved nature of space and time to the expert as well as the layperson. One of the most interesting models which came up with Einstein's theory was developed by Kurt Gödel in 1949. The Gödel universe is a valid solution of Einstein's field equations, making it a possible physical description of our universe. It offers remarkable features like the existence of an optical horizon beyond which time travel is possible. Although we know that our universe is not a Gödel universe, it is interesting to visualize physical aspects of a world model resulting from a theory which is highly confirmed in scientific history. Standard techniques to adopt an egocentric point of view in a relativistic world model have shortcomings with respect to the time needed to render an image as well as difficulties in applying a direct illumination model. In this paper we want to face both issues to reduce the gap between common visualization standards and relativistic visualization. We will introduce two techniques to speed up recalculation of images by means of preprocessing and lookup tables and to increase image quality through a special optimization applicable to the Gödel universe. The first technique allows the physicist to understand the different effects of general relativity faster and better by generating images from existing datasets interactively. By using the intrinsic symmetries of Gödel's spacetime which are expressed by the Killing vector field, we are able to reduce the necessary calculations to simple cases using the second technique. This even makes it feasible to account for a direct illumination model during the rendering process. Although the presented methods are applied to Gödel's universe, they can also be extended to other manifolds, for example light propagation in moving dielectric media. Therefore, other areas of research can benefit from these generic improvements. PMID:18989011
Radio-Observaciones del OH EN la Coma del Cometa Halley Desde EL Hemisferio Sur
NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)
Silva, A. M.; Bajaja, E.; Morras, R.; Cersosimo, J. C.; Martin, M. C.; Arnal, E. M.; Poppel, W. G. L.; Colomb, F. R.; Mazzaro, J.; Olalde, J. C.; Boriakoff, V.; Mirabel, I. F.
Se utilizó una antena de 30 metros del Instituto Argentino de Radioastronomía para observaciones diarias Cf ebrero a abril de 1986) de la transición en 1667 MHz ( λ = 18 cm) del OH en la coma del cometa Halley. De las observaciones realizadas se concluye: 1) El número promedio de moléculas de OH en la coma durante 37 días de observación fue de (8.9±3.5)x1034 moléculas, lo que implica una tasa de producción promedio de OH de 1.8x1029 moléculas seg-1 y consecuentemente una pérdida de masa promedio de 17±6 toneladas seg-1 . Este valor está de acuerdo con las mediciones realizadas por las sondas Vega y Giotto. 2) El monitoreo desde el lAR revela la existencia de variaciones bruscas en los flujos de absorción del OH. Estas variaciones son consistentes con los modelos que representan la producción gaseosa a partir de ejecciones y/o desprendimientos discretos de materia congelada del núcleo. 3) Las variaciones en la densidad de flujo son consistentes con las estimaciones de los tiem- pos de vida medios del H2O y del OH en presencia del campo de radiación solar. 4) Se encuentra una correlación entre la intensidad del flujo absorbido y anisotropías en Ia dinamica de la coma.
Per la valutazione dei libri di testo di italiano come lingua straniera (Evaluating Textbooks of Italian as a Foreign Language).
ERIC Educational Resources Information Center
Sivazliyan, S. Abbiati; Sullam, A. V. Calimani
Discusses current research about the teaching of Italian as a foreign language. A form designed for the evaluation of textbooks for Italian as a foreign language is presented, and eight textbooks for the teaching of Italian as a foreign language are evaluated according to this form. (CFM)
Criteri per la valutazione di software pedagogico grammaticale (Criteria for the Evaluation of Software for the Teaching of Grammar).
ERIC Educational Resources Information Center
Bancheri, Salvatore
Presents criteria teachers can use when evaluating software designed to teach grammar to students of Italian-as-a-Second-Language. The importance of collaboration between programmers and academic experts is stressed in creating software and the need for teachers to choose software as carefully as they select textbooks. (CFM)
The Paso del Norte Summer Ozone Study was designed to evaluate potential control strategies for their efficacy in reducing ozone and carbon monoxide concentrations in the El Paso-Ciudad Juarez-Sunland Park international airshed of Texas, New Mexico, and Chihuahua. A field study ...
Andrea del Sarto rehabilitated: a psychoanalytic emendation.
Trosman, Harry
Ernest Jones's "The Influence of Andrea del Sarto's Wife on His Art" (1913) is an early example of psychoanalysis applied to the study of a prominent painter. Greatly influenced by Freud's Leonardo da Vinci and a Memory of His Childhood, Jones gave excessive credence to Vasari's highly prejudicial account of the life of del Sarto, on which the study relied heavily. Jones attempted to account psychologically for the circumstance that del Sarto, though highly skilled and "faultless," was not the equal of the three preeminent masters of the Italian High Renaissance: Leonardo, Michelangelo, and Raphael. Jones's uncritical acceptance of the Vasari biography encouraged him to view Sarto's assumed deficiency as the result of excessive attachment to his wife, a pathological uxoriousness. A contemporary psychoanalytic perspective, with its emphasis on the emotive response of the analyst, requires us to pay attention to the evocative nature of the work of the artist, an approach Jones neglected. In an examination of several paintings, the artist's sensitivity to the position of the spectator is explored, as is the interest in involving the viewer spatially and emotionally. An appreciation for the viewer's position is consistent with a capacity for using projected internal objects for creative purposes. The presence of this capacity suggests a revised view of del Sarto's contribution to art and of his relationship with his wife. PMID:12580329
Procesamiento Digital de Imagenes del Cometa Halley
NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)
Ferrin, L.; Fuenmayor, F.; Naranjo, O.; Bulka, P.; Mendoza, C.
Se reportan observaciones fotogr·ficas del cometa Halley, obtenidas con los telescopios Schmidt de 1-m del CIDA, y de 35 cms de la ULA. Se hicieron exposiciones desde 2 segundos a 30 minutos y se utilizaron emulsiones IIa-O, 103a-F, y 103a-D, guladas manualmente 0 automatic·mente. Las im·genes fueron digitalizadas con el microdensitÛmetro PDS, y procesadas con el sistema HACIENDA del CCIBM. Se experimentÛ con la Transformada de Fourier en dos dimensiones, y con la aplicaciÛn de filtros de paso alto y bajo. Se encontrÛ que el metodo de "autocorrelaciÛn" es el mejor para separar "la vegetaciÛn" de "la montaÒa". Se aplicaron diversas tÈcnicas a fin de cubrir ambos extremos: a) enfatizar detalles dÈbiles en la cola, y b) penetrar en las regiones m·s intensas de la coma. Se lograron ambos objetivos. Detalles en la cola permitieron determinar velocidades de propagaciÛn de unos 50 a 90 kms/ seg. Se pudieron detectar no menos de tres perturbaciones en "Y", y una en 5? Co de Cisne). Se cree que las primeras est·n asociadas a eventos de desconexiÛn. Se puede separar la cola de gas de la de polvo. Las fotos de color permiten enfatizar diferentes regiones espectrales con mayor claridad a˙n. El "balance" del color puede ser hecho con la computadora.
Near Infrared Photometry of Nova Del 2013
NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)
Cass, A. C.; Carlon, R. L.; Corgan, D. T.; Dykhoff, D. A.; Gehrz, R. D.; Shenoy, D. P.
We continued to follow Nova Del 2013 during the period from 31.15 August 2013 UT through 25.18 September 2013 UT using an As:Si bolometer mounted on the 0.76-m infrared telescope of the University of Minnesota's O'Brien Observatory (Marine on St. Croix, Minnesota, USA). Vega (alpha Lyrae) is used as the standard star.
Comportamiento del Helio en estrellas quÌmicamente peculiares
NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)
Malaroda, S. M.; LÛpez GarcÌa, Z.; Leone, F.; Catalano, F.
Las estrellas quÌmicamente peculiares (CP) se caracterizan por tener deficiencias y sobreabundancias de algunos elementos quÌmicos de hasta 106 veces la abundancia solar. Adem·s presentan variaciones en las lÌneas espectrales. Se piensa que ello se debe a que los campos magnÈticos presentes en este tipo de estrellas son principalmente dipolares, con un eje de simetrÌa diferente del eje de rotaciÛn. La distribuciÛn de los elementos sobreabundantes y deficientes no es homogÈnea sobre la superficie estelar y las variaciones observadas serÌan una consecuencia directa de la rotaciÛn estelar. Entre los elementos con abundancia anÛmala se encuentra el Helio, cuyas lÌneas tienen intensidades que no son consistentes con una abundancia normal, que no puede ser determinada del modo usual, o sea, considerando una atmÛsfera con composiciÛn solar. Con el fin de determinar la abundancia de este elemento, se iniciÛ un estudio de estrellas anÛmalas de Helio, Hew y He strong. Adem·s se determinar·n las abundancias de otros elementos anÛmalos como ser el Si, Cr, Mg, Mn y Fe. Las mismas se determinan del modo tradicional, o sea: a) medida de los anchos equivalentes de las lÌneas de los distintos elementos analizados; b) adopciÛn de la temperatura efectiva, gravedad y abundancia del Helio; c) c·lculo del modelo de atmÛsfera d) comparaciÛn con las observaciones y reinicio de un proceso iterativo hasta lograr un acuerdo entre todos los par·metros analizados. Las observaciones se llevaron a cabo en el Complejo AstronÛmico El Leoncito. Se observaron setenta y ocho estrellas anÛmalas de Helio. En este momento se est· procediendo a calcular las abundancias correspondientes a los distintos elementos quÌmicos. Para ello se hace uso de los modelos de Kurucz, ATLAS9. Los c·lculos NLTE de las lÌneas de Helio se llevan a cabo con el programa MULTI y se comparar·n con los realizados con el programa WIDTH9 de Kurucz (LTE), con el objeto de resaltar la importancia de los efectos NLTE.
Vigilando la Calidad del Agua de los Grandes Rios de la Nacion: El Programa NASQAN del Rio Grande (Rio Bravo del Norte)
Lurry, Dee L.; Reutter, David C.; Wells, Frank C.; Rivera, M.C., (translator); Munoz, A.
La Oficina del Estudio Geologico de los Estados Unidos (U.S. Geological Survey, 0 USGS) ha monitoreado la calidad del agua de la cuenca del Rio Grande (Rio Bravo del Norte) desde 1995 como parte de la rediseiiada Red Nacional para Contabilizar la Calidad del Agua de los Rios (National Stream Quality Accounting Network, o NASOAN) (Hooper and others, 1997). EI programa NASOAN fue diseiiado para caracterizar las concentraciones y el transporte de sedimento y constituyentes quimicos seleccionados, encontrados en los grandes rios de los Estados Unidos - incluyendo el Misisipi, el Colorado y el Columbia, ademas del Rio Grande. En estas cuatro cuencas, el USGS opera actualmente (1998) una red de 40 puntos de muestreo pertenecientes a NASOAN, con un enfasis en cuantificar el flujo en masa (la cantidad de material que pasa por la estacion, expresado en toneladas por dial para cada constituyente. Aplicacando un enfoque consistente, basado en la cuantificacion de flujos en la cuenca del Rio Grande, el programa NASOAN esta generando la informacion necesaria para identificar fuentes regionales de diversos contaminantes, incluyendo sustancias qui micas agricolas y trazas elementos en la cuenca. EI efecto de las grandes reservas en el Rio Grande se puede observar segun los flujos de constituyentes discurren a 10 largo del rio. EI analisis de los flujos de constituyentes a escala de la cuenca proveera los medios para evaluar la influencia de la actividad humana sobre las condiciones de calidad del agua del Rio Grande.
Clinical and laboratory update on the DEL variant.
Nuchnoi, Pornlada; Thongbus, Jairak; Srisarin, Apapan; Kerdpin, Usanee; Prachayasittikul, Virapong
Serological assays for the RhD blood group are based on detection of the RhD antigen on human red blood cells using a specific anti-D antibody. The weak expression of the RhD antigen in the DEL variant hinders the sensitivity of conventional serological assays. Evidence of anti-D immunization in patients with D-negativity who have received DEL-variant blood units has been reported in various populations. This observation has prompted the need for genetic epidemiological and clinical data on the DEL variant in the development of DEL molecular diagnostic testing. This review highlights the molecular features of the DEL variant, the clinical consequences of DEL-blood transfusion, and current approaches for detection of the DEL-variant for donor screening and transfusion. PMID:25316658
Del Norte means north to recycling
Aquino, J.T.
Del Norte Regional Recycling and Transfer Station is owned by the city of Oxnard, California and operated by BLT Enterprises, Inc. The Del Norte facility--located in southwestern Ventura County about an hour northwest of Los Angeles--processes polyethylene terephthalate (PET) and high-density polyethylene (HDPE) plastic containers, aluminum, steel, glass, old corrugated containers (OCC), newspapers, computer printout paper, white and colored ledger paper, coated book, supermix paper, telephone books, and old magazines. According to the company, there has been virtually no community opposition to the site. The facility has few neighbors, and those are agricultural. To keep the community relationship strong, the facility`s design and location all but eliminated odor and noise complaints. The building was designed against the prevailing wind pattern, and BLT processes odorous material fast. A misting system installed for dust suppression also can be used with a solution for odor control should the need arise.
Morphology, geology and geochemistry of the "Salar del Gran Bajo del Gualicho" (Rio Negro, Argentina)
Angelucci, A.; Barbieri, M.; Brodtkorb, A.; Ciccacci, S.; Civitelli, G.; De Barrio, R.; Di, Filippo M.; Fredi, P.; Friedman, I.; Lombardi, S.; Schalamuk, A.I.; Toro, B.
A multidisciplinary study of the Gran Bajo del Gualicho area (Rio Negro - Argentina) was carried out; the aim was to delineate its geological and geomorphological evolution and to estabilish the genesis of salts filling the depression. Climatic conditions were analized first to individuate their role in the present morphogenetic processes; moreover the main morphological features of present landscape were examined as well as the stratigraphy of the outcropping formations, and of the Gran Bajo del Gualicho Formation in particular. Finally, a possible geomorphological evolution of the studied area was traced. Geophysical analyses allowed to estabilish that the paleosurface shaped on the crystalline basement is strongly uneven and shows evidence of the strong tectonic phases it underwent. The result of isotope analyses confirmed that the salt deposits on the Gran Bajo del Gualicho bottom were produced by fresh water evaporation, while strontium isotope ratio suggested that such waters were responsible for solubilization of more ancient evaporitic deposits.
Del-1 overexpression potentiates lung cancer cell proliferation and invasion.
Lee, Seung-Hwan; Kim, Dong-Young; Jing, Feifeng; Kim, Hyesoon; Yun, Chae-Ok; Han, Deok-Jong; Choi, Eun Young
Developmental endothelial locus-1 (Del-1) is an endogenous anti-inflammatory molecule that is highly expressed in the lung and the brain and limits leukocyte migration to these tissues. We previously reported that the expression of Del-1 is positively regulated by p53 in lung endothelial cells. Although several reports have implicated the altered expression of Del-1 gene in cancer patients, little is known about its role in tumor cells. We here investigated the effect of Del-1 on the features of human lung carcinoma cells. Del-1 mRNA was found to be significantly decreased in the human lung adenocarcinoma cell lines A549 (containing wild type of p53), H1299 (null for p53) and EKVX (mutant p53), compared to in human normal lung epithelial BEAS-2B cells and MRC-5 fibroblasts. The decrease of Del-1 expression was dependent on the p53 activity in the cell lines, but not on the expression of p53. Neither treatment with recombinant human Del-1 protein nor the introduction of adenovirus expressing Del-1 altered the expression of the apoptosis regulators BAX, PUMA and Bcl-2. Unexpectedly, the adenovirus-mediated overexpression of Del-1 gene into the lung carcinoma cell lines promoted proliferation and invasion of the lung carcinoma cells, as revealed by BrdU incorporation and transwell invasion assays, respectively. In addition, overexpression of the Del-1 gene enhanced features of epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT), such as increasing vimentin while decreasing E-cadherin in A549¬Ýcells, and increases in the level of Slug, an EMT-associated transcription regulator. Our findings demonstrated for the first time that there are deleterious effects of high levels of Del-1 in lung carcinoma cells, and suggest that Del-1 may be used as a diagnostic or prognostic marker for cancer progression, and as a novel therapeutic target for lung carcinoma. PMID:26545781
Manual del espectrÛgrafo multifunciÛn de Bosque Alegre
NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)
DÌaz, R.; Paolantonio, S.; Carranza, G.; Goldes, G.
Este manual consta de 120 p·ginas y resume las caracterÌsticas del EspectrÛgrafo MultifunciÛn instalado en el telescopio de 1.54 m de la EstaciÛn AstrofÌsica de Bosque Alegre. En este trabajo se describen, adem·s, las tÈcnicas a emplear para su puesta a punto y la secuencia de operaciones para la obtenciÛn de datos en cada uno de los modos que ya se encuentran en funcionamiento. Parte de este trabajo se realizÛ con el apoyo de la AsociaciÛn Argentina de AstronomÌa, a travÈs de becas otorgadas a R.D. y S.P..
Near Infrared Photometry of Nova Del 2013
NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)
Cass, C. A.; Carlon, L. R.; Corgan, T. D.; Dykhoff, A. D.; Gehrz, D. R.; Shenoy, P. D.
Subjects: Infra-Red, Nova We report RIJHKLM photometry of Nova Del 2013 taken on August 28.13 UT using an As:Si bolometer mounted on the 0.76-m infrared telescope of the University of Minnesota's O'Brien Observatory (Marine on St. Croix, Minnesota, USA). Vega (alpha Lyrae) was used as the standard star. On this date we find: R = 5.6 +/- 0.1, I = 5.2 +/- 0.1, J = 4.5 +/- 0.1, H = 4.7 +/- 0.1, K = 4.7 +/- 0.1, L = 3.3 +/- 0.2, M = +1.8 +/- 0.3.
Huave de San Mateo del Mar, Oaxaca (Huave of San Mateo del Mar, Oaxaca).
ERIC Educational Resources Information Center
Mexico Coll. (Mexico City)
This document is one of 17 volumes on indigenous Mexican languages and is the result of a project undertaken by the Archivo de Lenguas Indigenas de Mexico. This volume contains information on Huave, an indigenous language of Mexico spoken in San Mateo del Mar, in the state of Oaxaca. The objective of collecting such a representative sampling ofÖ
77 FR 50080 - Del Norte County Resource Advisory Committee
Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014
... Forest Service Del Norte County Resource Advisory Committee AGENCY: Forest Service, USDA. ACTION: Notice... recommendations to the Forest Service concerning projects and funding consistent with the title II of the Act. The... at the Del Norte County Unified School District, Redwood Room, 301 West Washington...
75 FR 63437 - Del Norte Resource Advisory Committee (RAC)
Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014
... Forest Service Del Norte Resource Advisory Committee (RAC) AGENCY: Forest Service, USDA. ACTION: Notice... Del Norte County Unified School District, Redwood Room, 301 West Washington Boulevard, Crescent City... Forest, at (707) 441-3673; e-mail: email@example.com . SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION: The meeting is open...
76 FR 8333 - Del Norte Resource Advisory Committee (RAC)
Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014
... Forest Service Del Norte Resource Advisory Committee (RAC) AGENCY: Forest Service, USDA. ACTION: Notice... at the Del Norte County Unified School District, Redwood Room, 301 West Washington Boulevard..., Six Rivers National Forest, at (707) 441-3569; e-mail firstname.lastname@example.com . SUPPLEMENTARY...
75 FR 78966 - Del Norte Resource Advisory Committee (RAC)
Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014
... Forest Service Del Norte Resource Advisory Committee (RAC) AGENCY: Forest Service, USDA. ACTION: Notice... Del Norte County Unified School District, Redwood Room, 301 West Washington Boulevard, Crescent City... Forest, at (707) 441-3569; e-mail email@example.com . SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION: The meeting is...
76 FR 13124 - Del Norte Resource Advisory Committee (RAC)
Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014
... Forest Service Del Norte Resource Advisory Committee (RAC) AGENCY: Forest Service, USDA. ACTION: Notice... Norte County Unified School District, Redwood Room 301, West Washington Boulevard, Crescent City... National Forest, at (707) 441-3569; e-mail firstname.lastname@example.com . SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION: The Del...
Instant√°nea del sarcoma de Kaposi
Información sobre las tendencias de incidencia, mortalidad y financiamiento del NCI sobre el sarcoma de Kaposi; así como ejemplos de actividades del NCI y adelantos en la investigación de este tipo de cáncer.
33 CFR 110.65 - Indian River Bay, Del.
Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR
... 33 Navigation and Navigable Waters 1 2010-07-01 2010-07-01 false Indian River Bay, Del. 110.65 Section 110.65 Navigation and Navigable Waters COAST GUARD, DEPARTMENT OF HOMELAND SECURITY ANCHORAGES ANCHORAGE REGULATIONS Special Anchorage Areas ß 110.65 Indian River Bay, Del. Beginning at a point...
Pastoral del Nino: Bringing the Abundant Life to Paraguayan Children
ERIC Educational Resources Information Center
Austin, Ann Berghout; Aquino, Cyle; Burro, Elizabeth
Pastoral del Nino is transforming children's lives in rural Paraguay. Part of Pastoral Social (Catholic Social Services), Pastoral del Nino's primary focus is to bring "vida en abundancia" (the abundant life) to families by ensuring that mothers survive childbirth and children reach their first birthdays. In addition, the organization promotes…
FormaciÛn del contÌnuo de Lyman en atmÛsferas de estrellas B
NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)
Rohrmann, R. D.
Se presentan resultados de modelos de atmÛsferas para estrellas tempranas que poseen una estructura cromosfÈrica y una atmÛsfera extendida en expansiÛn. Se analiza con rigurosidad el acople del campo de radiaciÛn en el continuo de Lyman y su relaciÛn con las poblaciones en equilibrio estadÌstico del H y He.
Instant√°nea del c√°ncer colorrectal
Información sobre las tendencias de incidencia, mortalidad y financiamiento del NCI sobre el cáncer colorrectal; así como ejemplos de actividades del NCI y adelantos en la investigación de este tipo de cáncer.
Pastoral del Nino: Bringing the Abundant Life to Paraguayan Children
ERIC Educational Resources Information Center
Austin, Ann Berghout; Aquino, Cyle; Burro, Elizabeth
Pastoral del Nino is transforming children's lives in rural Paraguay. Part of Pastoral Social (Catholic Social Services), Pastoral del Nino's primary focus is to bring "vida en abundancia" (the abundant life) to families by ensuring that mothers survive childbirth and children reach their first birthdays. In addition, the organization promotesÖ
Se evitaron casi 800 000 muertes por descenso del tabaquismo
Programas y estrategias de control del tabaco del siglo XX fueron responsables de la prevenciÛn de m·s de 795 000 muertes por c·ncer de pulmÛn en Estados Unidos de 1975 al 2000. Si todo el tabaquismo en este paÌs hubiera cesado despuÈs de la publicaciÛn d
[Strengths and future of the Revista MÈdica del Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social].
Fajardo-Dolci, Germ·n
The journals of medicine arose as a communication tool more than 200 years ago. At the beginning, their nature was local; later, their aim was to spread medical information along the nation; and, finally, they sought to reach the world distribution. The Revista MÈdica del Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social was published for the first time 52 years ago, and it has walked its way from local to international distribution. This journal has 23 000 subscribers, it is included in Medline and it reached a 0.112 SCImago Journal Rank in 2012. Its website receives around 200 000 visits monthly and 45 % are foreign visits. In the future, the peer review system is going to be strengthened, and the journal is going to offer audio, video, and applications to reinforce interactive participation between authors, readers in order to reach modernity and draw young new attention. PMID:24758842
Illuminating water and life: Emilio Del Giudice.
Ho, Mae-Wan
The quantum electrodynamics theory of water put forward by Del Giudice and colleagues provides a useful foundation for a new science of water for life. The interaction of light with liquid water generates quantum coherent domains in which the water molecules oscillate between the ground state and an excited state close to the ionizing potential of water. This produces a plasma of almost free electrons favoring redox reactions, the basis of energy metabolism in living organisms. Coherent domains stabilized by surfaces, such as membranes and macromolecules, provide the excited interfacial water that enables photosynthesis to take place, on which most of life on Earth depends. Excited water is the source of superconducting protons for rapid intercommunication within the body. Coherent domains can also trap electromagnetic frequencies from the environment to orchestrate and activate specific biochemical reactions through resonance, a mechanism for the most precise regulation of gene function. PMID:26098522
Estudio teórico del CO2. Orbitales de valencia y del ``core''
NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)
Olalla Gutiérrez, E.
Hemos calculado las intensidades de las transiciones E1 a los miembros de las series de Rydberg con origen en los orbitales ``no enlazantes'' del dióxido de carbono, especie de conocida relevancia atmosférica. Se han computado, asimismo, los continuos de fotoionización correspondientes a los distintos canales de ionización, representándolos como densidad espectral de fuerza de oscilador frente a la energía del fotón incidente; mostramos los resultados df/dE para la fotoionización total de esta especie en el intervalo 15-60 eV. Todos los cálculos se han llevado a cabo mediante la formulación Molecular del Método de los Orbitales de Defecto Cuántico, MQDO [1,2]. La calidad de los resultados que presentamos se ha evaluado en base a la comparación con los datos, tanto experimentales como teóricos, disponibles en la bibliografía. El acuerdo encontrado es altamente satisfactorio
Centro para la Salud Mundial (CGH) del NCI
El Centro para la Salud Mundial (CGH) del NCI coordina actividades de investigación y trabaja con socios nacionales e internacionales para comprender y enfrentar la carga que representa el cáncer a nivel mundial.
Library of Congress Historic Buildings Survey, Historic Engineering Record, Historic Landscapes Survey
PASO DEL NORTE HOTEL, 115-117 S. EL PASO ST., SOUTH AND EAST FACADES, WEST SIDE OF STREET - South El Paso Street Historic District, South El Paso, South Oregon & South Santa Fe Streets, El Paso, El Paso County, TX
88. Paso Del Norte Hotel, 115117 South El Paso St., ...
Library of Congress Historic Buildings Survey, Historic Engineering Record, Historic Landscapes Survey
88. Paso Del Norte Hotel, 115-117 South El Paso St., south facade, west side of street - South El Paso Street Historic District, South El Paso, South Oregon & South Santa Fe Streets, El Paso, El Paso County, TX
92. Paso Del Norte Hotel, 115117 South El Paso St., ...
Library of Congress Historic Buildings Survey, Historic Engineering Record, Historic Landscapes Survey
92. Paso Del Norte Hotel, 115-117 South El Paso St., interior, lobby rotunda - South El Paso Street Historic District, South El Paso, South Oregon & South Santa Fe Streets, El Paso, El Paso County, TX
Library of Congress Historic Buildings Survey, Historic Engineering Record, Historic Landscapes Survey
PASO DEL NORTE HOTEL, 115-117 S. EL PASO ST., EAST FACADE, WEST SIDE OF STREET - South El Paso Street Historic District, South El Paso, South Oregon & South Santa Fe Streets, El Paso, El Paso County, TX
91. Paso Del Norte Hotel, 115117 South El Paso St., ...
Library of Congress Historic Buildings Survey, Historic Engineering Record, Historic Landscapes Survey
91. Paso Del Norte Hotel, 115-117 South El Paso St., east facade, west side of street - South El Paso Street Historic District, South El Paso, South Oregon & South Santa Fe Streets, El Paso, El Paso County, TX
65. Photographer unknown March 1931 DEL NORTE COUNTY, SECTION B, ...
Library of Congress Historic Buildings Survey, Historic Engineering Record, Historic Landscapes Survey
65. Photographer unknown March 1931 DEL NORTE COUNTY, SECTION B, HIGHWAY 1, 1-DN-1-B #66A, STA. 166.0+00 WIDENED ROADBED BEFORE COVERING LOG CRIB, 3-31. BACK READS: WIDENING ROAD BED WITH LOGS, APPROX 30 SQUARE & 60 LONG ON DN-1 SEC B STA 156+. Stamped office copy, - Redwood National & State Parks Roads, California coast from Crescent City to Trinidad, Crescent City, Del Norte County, CA
Se evitaron casi 800 000 muertes por descenso del tabaquismo
Programas y estrategias de control del tabaco del siglo XX fueron responsables de la prevención de más de 795 000 muertes por cáncer de pulmón en Estados Unidos de 1975 al 2000. Si todo el tabaquismo en este país hubiera cesado después de la publicación d
Archivo de placas astromÈtricas del Observatorio de La Plata
NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)
di Sisto, R.; Orellana, R. B.
Se ha realizado una base de datos con las placas fotogr·ficas obtenidas con el Astrogr·fico del Observatorio de La Plata. Se han clasificado un total de 3000 placas obtenidas para asteroides y cometas. El acceso a la base de datos se har· por FTP y la misma contendr· la siguiente informaciÛn: fecha y tiempo de exposiciÛn, coordenadas del centro de placa, tipo de emulsiÛn fotogr·fica, estado de la placa, objeto fotografiado.
Mejoras en la exactitud del reloj de ·ngulo horario del telescopio de 2,15 mts de CASLEO
NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)
Aballay, J. L.; Pereyra, P. F.; Mar˙n, A. H.
Para aumentar la exactitud en el control del ·ngulo horario del telescopio, se est· implementando el uso de un reloj con una precisiÛn de 1/100 seg. En conjunto con el encoder que otorga la posiciÛn con un acierto de 0,012 seg. de arco, se podr· implementar otro dÌgito en el reloj de ·ngulo horario con la posibilidad de ver las dÈcimas. Esto, sumado a la precisiÛn ya lograda en declinaciÛn, permitir· realizar offsets con mayor exactitud.
Tremolada, Sara; Delbue, Serena; Ferrante, Pasquale
Riassunto Alcuni virus possono essere trasmessi verticalmente da madre a figlio in seguito allo sviluppo, da parte della madre, di un'Äôinfezione primaria, ricorrente o cronica. La trasmissione materno-fetale dei virus, che pu√≤ avvenire in utero (infezione congenita), durante il travaglio del parto (infezione perinatale), oppure attraverso l'Äôallattamento (infezione postnatale), pu√≤ causare aborto spontaneo, morte fetale, ritardo di crescita intrauterino, anomalie congenite e patologie neonatali o postnatali di diversa entit√Ý. Alcuni fattori di rischio sembrano influenzare l'Äôincidenza di trasmissione materno-fetale dei virus, come ad esempio la presenza di altre infezioni virali, la carica virale materna, il tipo di infezione (primaria o ricorrente), la durata della rottura delle membrane, la modalit√Ý con cui avviene il parto, le condizioni socio-economiche e l'Äôallattamento. Oggi √® possibile prevenire la trasmissione materno-fetale di molti virus grazie all'Äôutilizzo di vaccini, immunizzazione passiva e farmaci antivirali. Il rischio di trasmissione delle infezioni perinatali e postnatali, inoltre, pu√≤ essere diminuito evitando l'Äôallattamento o ricorrendo ad un parto cesareo. PMID:19216201
Modelo semi-empÌrico de protuberancia solar a partir del diagnÛstico de densidades
NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)
Cirigliano, D.; Vial, J. C.; Rovira, M.
A partir de la observaciÛn del espectro del quintuplete de C III alrededor de 1175 ≈, se ha realizado el diagnÛstico de la densidad y presiÛn electrÛnica, basado en el c·lculo del cociente de las intensidades observadas. Una vez establecida la densidad electrÛnica, y con el c·lculo de las velocidades Doppler, hemos investigado el flujo de masa en la protuberancia en funciÛn de la temperatura. Estableciendo como hipÛtesis la conservaciÛn del n˙mero de partÌculas que ingresan y salen del cuerpo de la protuberancia, se investiga la variaciÛn del ·rea de un tubo de flujo semi-empÌrico en funciÛn de la temperatura. A partir de dicho diagnÛstico, se examina el comportamiento del radio del tubo magnÈtico en funciÛn de la temperatura, los que dan cuenta de la abertura de las lÌneas de campo magnÈtico que confinan el plasma y de la divergencia del campo magnÈtico en diferentes alturas de la atmÛsfera solar.
El diseÒo final del espectrÛgrafo de banco (EBASIM) para CASLEO
NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)
Simmons, J.; Levato, H.
Utilizando el cÛdigo de Ûptica ACCOS V se ha finalizado el diseÒo del espectrÛgrafo de banco para CASLEO. En una comunicaciÛn anterior habÌamos indicado que utilizarÌamos un colimador de 150 mm de di·metro con un radio de curvatura de 1540 mm. Para el espejo c·mara, que tiene un di·metro de 200 mm, el radio de curvatura es de 1200 mm, ambos radios con una tolerancia no mayor a los 3 mm. En la presente, se informa sobre los detalles finales del c·lculo del espectrÛgrafo que incluye el cÛmputo para 5 longitudes de onda diferentes y alrededor de 100 rayos. En todos los casos el 75 % de energÌa est· dentro de un di·metro de 13 micrones. El diseÒo ha sido probado entre 3500 ≈ hasta 9000 ≈ con resultados satisfactorios.
Estudio multifrecuencia del medio interestelar cercano a HD 192281
NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)
Arnal, E. M.; Cappa, C. E.; Cichowolski, S.; Pineault, S.; St-Louis, N.
Una de las causas que modifica la estructura y din·mica del medio interestelar es la acciÛn que los vientos de las estrellas de gran masa ejercen sobre el mismo. En este trabajo, mediante el uso de datos interferomÈtricos obtenidos en la banda de radio en la transiciÛn de ?ò21-cm del hidrÛgeno neutro y de im·genes de la emisiÛn de continuo en las bandas de 408 y 1420 MHz, de im·genes HIRES del satÈlite IRAS en 60 y 100?m, y de observaciones de continuo obtenidas con radiotelescopios de disco simple en 2695, 4850 y 8350 MHz se ha realizado un estudio multifrecuencia de los efectos que los vientos estelares de HD 192281, una estrella de tipo espectral O5,Vn((f))p, han tenido sobre el medio interestelar que rodea a la misma.
Estudio multifrecuencia del medio interestelar cercano a HD 192281
NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)
Arnal, E. M.; Cappa, C.; Cichowolski, S.; Pineault, S.; St-Louis, N.
Una de las causas que modifica la estructura y din·mica del medio interestelar es la acciÛn que los vientos de las estrellas de gran masa ejercen sobre el mismo. En este trabajo, mediante el uso de datos interferomÈtricos obtenidos en la banda de radio en la transiciÛn de 21-cm del HidrÛgeno neutro y de im·genes de la emisiÛn de continuo en las bandas de 408 y 1420 MHz, de im·genes HIRES del satÈlite IRAS en 60 y 100 micrones, y de observaciones de continuo obtenidas con radiotelescopios de disco simple en 2695, 4850 y 8350 MHz se ha realizado un estudio multifrecuencia de los efectos que los vientos estelares de HD 192281, una estrella de tipo espectral O5 Vn((f))p, han tenido sobre el medio interestelar que rodea a la misma.
FotometrÌa CCD en el campo del c˙mulo abierto Ruprecht 58
NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)
Giorgi, E. E.; V·zquez, R. A.; Seggewiss, W.; Ostrov, P.; Solivella, G. R.
La regiÛn de Vela-Puppis contiene varios c˙mulos cuyo estudio puede brindarnos informaciÛn acerca de la cinem·tica y el estado evolutivo de la poblaciÛn estelar en las zonas externas del disco gal·ctico. A travÈs de observaciones CCD en los filtros UBV en el campo del c˙mulo abierto Ruprecht 58 (?2000= 8h 14m 41s, ?2000=-31o 57'), se han determinado por primera vez los par·metros fundamentales de este c˙mulo tales como distancia, enrojecimiento y edad. Se analiza tambiÈn la estructura de su secuencia principal y la presencia de gigantes y binarias.
Cirugía de los trastornos del comportamiento: el estado del arte
Yampolsky, Claudio; Bendersky, Dami√°n
Introducción: La cirugía de los trastornos del comportamiento (CTC) se está convirtiendo en un tratamiento más común desde el desarrollo de la neuromodulación. Métodos: Este artículo es una revisión no sistemática de la historia, indicaciones actuales, técnicas y blancos quirúrgicos de la CTC. Dividimos su historia en 3 eras: la primera comienza en los inicios de la psicocirugía y termina con el desarrollo de las tícnicas estereotácticas, cuando comienza la segunda era. Ésta se caracteriza por la realización de lesiones estereotácticas. Nos encontramos transitando la tercera era, que comienza cuando la estimulación cerebral profunda (ECP) comienza a ser usada en CTC. Resultados: A pesar de los errores graves cometidos en el pasado, hoy en día, la CTC está renaciendo. Los trastornos psiquiátricos que se más frecuentemente se tratan con cirugía son: depresión refractaria, trastorno obsesivo-compulsivo y síndrome de Tourette. Además, algunos pacientes con agresividad fueron tratados quirúrgicamente. Hay varios blancos estereotácticos descriptos para estos trastornos. La estimulación vagal puede ser usada también para depresión. Conclusión: Los resultados de la ECP en estos trastornos parecen alentadores. Sin embargo, se necesitan más estudios randomizados para establecer la efectividad de la CTC. Debe tenerse en cuenta que una apropiada selección de pacientes nos ayudará a realizar un procedimiento más seguro así como también a lograr mejores resultados quirúrgicos, conduciendo a la CTC a ser más aceptada por psiquiatras, pacientes y sus familias. Se necesita mayor investigación en varios temas como: fisiopatología de los trastornos del comportamiento, indicaciones de CTC y nuevos blancos quirúrgicos. PMID:25165612
Screening of 185DelAG, 1014DelGT and 3889DelAG BRCA1 mutations in breast cancer patients from North-East India.
Hansa, Jagadish; Kannan, Ravi; Ghosh, Sankar Kumar
Around 1.35 million people of worldwide suffer from breast cancer each year, whereas in India, 1 in every 17 women develops the disease. Mutations of the Breast Cancer 1 (BRCA1) gene account for the majority of breast/ ovarian cancer families. The purpose of study was to provide a prevalence of BRCA1 germline mutations in the North-East Indian population. In relation to the personal and family history with the breast cancer, we found mutations in 6.25% and 12.5% respectively. Three mutations, 185DelAG, 1014DelGT and 3889DelAG, were observed in our North-East Indian patients in exons 2 and 11, resulting in truncation of the BRCA1 protein by forming stop codons individually at amino acid positions 39, 303 and 1265. Our results point to a necessity for an extensive mutation screening study of high risk breast cancer cases in our North-East Indian population, which will provide better decisive medical and surgical preventive options. PMID:23317271
Interdisciplinary Unit: La Isla del Encanto (The Enchanted Island).
ERIC Educational Resources Information Center
Ford-Guerrera, Rebecca
This document presents a series of 14 lesson plans in an interdisciplinary Spanish unit on "La isla del encanto/The Enchanted Island." The materials were prepared for students in grades 5 or 6 who have had basic Spanish instruction in previous grades. The students should also be familiar with basic concepts in English such as math computation, mapÖ
89. Paso Del Norte Hotel, 115117 South El Paso St., ...
Library of Congress Historic Buildings Survey, Historic Engineering Record, Historic Landscapes Survey
89. Paso Del Norte Hotel, 115-117 South El Paso St., detail view of roof, west side of street - South El Paso Street Historic District, South El Paso, South Oregon & South Santa Fe Streets, El Paso, El Paso County, TX
87. Paso Del Norte Hotel, 115117 South El Paso St., ...
Library of Congress Historic Buildings Survey, Historic Engineering Record, Historic Landscapes Survey
87. Paso Del Norte Hotel, 115-117 South El Paso St., south and east facades, west side of street - South El Paso Street Historic District, South El Paso, South Oregon & South Santa Fe Streets, El Paso, El Paso County, TX
Faculty Activity Analysis in the Universidad Tecnica Del Estado Campuses.
ERIC Educational Resources Information Center
Karadima, Oscar
An analysis of academic activities of college faculty at the eight campuses of Chile's Universidad Tecnica del Estado was conducted. Activities were grouped into seven categories: direct teaching, indirect teaching, research, community services, faculty development, academic administration, and other activities. Following the narrativeÖ
del Nido cardioplegia in adult cardiac surgery - scopes and concerns.
Valooran, George Jose; Nair, Shiv Kumar; Chandrasekharan, Krishnan; Simon, Rahul; Dominic, Cyril
The convenience offered by a single-dose cardioplegia strategy is the avoidance of interruption of the flow of surgery and, more importantly, a significant reduction in the cross-clamp time. del Nido cardioplegia is an extracellular cardioplegic solution which serves these purposes and has been used successfully in pediatric cardiac surgery. The subsequent extrapolation of its use in adult cardiac surgery has returned encouraging results, as evidenced by recent literature. The use of del Nido cardioplegia in adults has been reported to shorten the cross-clamp time, cardiopulmonary bypass time and overall operating time. Intraoperative peak glucose value and insulin requirement have also been reported to be lower with del Nido cardioplegia, which can have prognostic significance. There have been reports of lesser incidence of atrial fibrillation and the number of defibrillations required with use of this technique. However, some unique concerns still remain. The lack of prospective randomized trials, the trend of elevation in CKMB (as reported by one study) and the need for a protocol-based approach to its use in adults are to be given due consideration while adopting its use in adults. This review attempts to have an overview on del Nido cardioplegia, its advantages, the recent studies comparing it with conventional cardioplegia techniques and the potential areas of concern with its use in adult cardiac surgery. PMID:26445810
Design, aerodynamics and autonomy of the DelFly.
de Croon, G C H E; Groen, M A; De Wagter, C; Remes, B; Ruijsink, R; van Oudheusden, B W
One of the major challenges in robotics is to develop a fly-like robot that can autonomously fly around in unknown environments. In this paper, we discuss the current state of the DelFly project, in which we follow a top-down approach to ever smaller and more autonomous ornithopters. The presented findings concerning the design, aerodynamics and autonomy of the DelFly illustrate some of the properties of the top-down approach, which allows the identification and resolution of issues that also play a role at smaller scales. A parametric variation of the wing stiffener layout produced a 5% more power-efficient wing. An experimental aerodynamic investigation revealed that this could be associated with an improved stiffness of the wing, while further providing evidence of the vortex development during the flap cycle. The presented experiments resulted in an improvement in the generated lift, allowing the inclusion of a yaw rate gyro, pressure sensor and microcontroller onboard the DelFly. The autonomy of the DelFly is expanded by achieving (1) an improved turning logic to obtain better vision-based obstacle avoidance performance in environments with varying texture and (2) successful onboard height control based on the pressure sensor. PMID:22617112
Cosmogenic Radionuclides in the Campo Del Cielo Iron Meteorite
NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)
Liberman, R. G.; FernandezNiello, J. O.; Reedy, R. C.; Fifield, L. K.; diTada, M. L.
Cosmogenic Be-10, Al-26, Cl-36, Ca-41, and Ni-59 were measured in the Campo del Cielo iron meteorite. Our results led us to conclude that the pre-atmospheric radius might have been approximately 2 m. Comparisons with other big bodies are also presented. Additional information is contained in the original extended abstract.
78 FR 30268 - Del Norte County Resource Advisory Committee
Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014
... Forest Service Del Norte County Resource Advisory Committee AGENCY: Forest Service, USDA. ACTION: Notice... recommendations to the Forest Service concerning projects and funding consistent with the title II of the Act. The... Norte County Unified School District, Redwood Room, 301 West Washington Boulevard, Crescent City...
78 FR 50025 - Del Norte County Resource Advisory Committee
Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014
... Forest Service Del Norte County Resource Advisory Committee AGENCY: Forest Service, USDA. ACTION: Notice... collaborative relationships and to provide advice and recommendations to the Forest Service concerning projects..., contact: Lynn Wright, RAC Committee Coordinator, Six Rivers National Forest, 707-441-3562,...
77 FR 47360 - Del Norte Resource Advisory Committee
Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014
... Forest Service Del Norte Resource Advisory Committee AGENCY: Forest Service, USDA. ACTION: Notice of... recommendations to the Forest Service concerning projects and funding consistent with the title II of the Act. The... Unified School District, Redwood Room, 301 West Washington Boulevard, Crescent City CA 95531....
Interdisciplinary Unit: La Isla del Encanto (The Enchanted Island).
ERIC Educational Resources Information Center
Ford-Guerrera, Rebecca
This document presents a series of 14 lesson plans in an interdisciplinary Spanish unit on "La isla del encanto/The Enchanted Island." The materials were prepared for students in grades 5 or 6 who have had basic Spanish instruction in previous grades. The students should also be familiar with basic concepts in English such as math computation, map…
Determinacion de Caracteristicas Opticas del Telescopio OAN150
NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)
Galan, M. J.; Cobos, F. J.
En el Observatorio de Calar Alto, en AlmerÌa, EspaÒa, est· ubicado un telescopio de 15O-cms de di·metro -construÌdo por REOSC- perteneciente al Observatorio AstronÛmico Nacional, con sede en Madrid, EspaÒa. La infraestructura tÈcnica del OAN ha sido tradicionalmente dÈbil y actualmente se est· haciendo un esfuerzo por fortalecerla. Existe una informaciÛn muy limitada del telescopio en general; de su Ûptica en particular se conocÌan los valores de los par·metros principales pero sin saber si Èstos corresponden a valores teÛricos Û de construcciÛn. Por ello se considerÛ necesario iniciar una investigaciÛn para conocer en detalle los valores reales de las componentes Ûpticas del telescopio, obteniÈndose algunos resultados de interÈs. El primario del telescopio OANl5O es aproximadamente F/3 y el siste ma en su conjunto es F/8.2, con su sistema corrector de campo. En tÈrminos generales, la imagen es satisfactoria en todo el campo y, sin sistema corrector, la imagen axial tambiÈn es buena. En un futuro muy cercano se piensa diseÒar instrumentaciÛn adicional para este telescopio. Conocer con mayor precisiÛn sus caracterÌsticas puede ser de gran utilidad para tal fin, pues se efect˙an los c·lculos considerando conjuntamente al telescopio y al instrumento.
Síntesis: Resultados iniciales del Estudio Nacional de Ex
El 4 de noviembre de 2010, el Estudio Nacional de Exámenes de Pulmóndio a conocer resultados iniciales que indican que hubo 20% menos muertes por cáncer de pulmón entre los participantes del estudio evaluados con tomografía computarizada espiral de baja d
Del Mod: A State-Wide System for School Improvement.
ERIC Educational Resources Information Center
Neale, Daniel C.
This is a retrospective account of the Del Mod System, a statewide project to improve science and mathematics education in the elementary and secondary schools of Delaware. The project functioned from 1970-76 under the auspices of a committee including the presidents of institutions of higher education, the state superintendent of publicÖ
MolÈculas org·nicas obtenidas en simulaciones experimentales del medio interestelar.
NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)
MuÒoz-Caro, Guillermo Manuel
Las nubes moleculares son regiones de formaciÛn de estrellas, con temperaturas cinÈticas entre 10-50 K y densidades de 103-106 ·tomos cm-3. Su materia est· formada por gas y polvo interestelar. Estas partÌculas de polvo est·n cubiertas por una fina capa de hielo, de unos 0.01 ?m, que contiene H2O y a menudo CO, CO2, CH3OH y NH3. El hielo es presumiblemente irradiado por fotones ultravioleta y rayos cÛsmicos en las zonas poco profundas de las nubes moleculares y las regiones circunestelares. En un sistema de vacÌo, P ò 10-7 mbar, simulamos la deposiciÛn de hielo a partir de 10 K y la irradiaciÛn ultravioleta por medio de una l·mpara de descarga de hidrÛgeno activada con microondas. La evoluciÛn del hielo se observa por medio de un espectrÛmetro infrarrojo. De este modo es posible determinar la composiciÛn del hielo observado en el medio interestelar y predecir la presencia de molÈculas a˙n no detectadas en el espacio, que han sido producto del procesamiento del hielo en nuestros experimentos. TambiÈn es posible calentar el sistema hasta temperatura ambiente para sublimar el hielo depositado. Cuando el hielo ha sido previamente irradiado, se observa un residuo compuesto por molÈculas org·nicas complejas, algunas prebiÛticas, como varios ·cidos carboxÌlicos, aminas, amidas, Èsteres y en menor proporciÛn molÈculas heterocÌclicas y amino·cidos. Algunas de estas molÈculas podrÌan detectarse en estado gaseoso por medio de observaciones milimÈtricas y de radio. TambiÈn podrÌan estar presentes en el polvo cometario, cuyo an·lisis quÌmico est· planeado por las misiones Stardust y Rosetta. Mientras tanto, nuestro grupo est· llevando a cabo el an·lisis de partÌculas de polvo interplanetario (IDPs), algunas de las cuales pueden ser de origen cometario. Al igual que ocurre con los productos obtenidos por irradiaciÛn del hielo en nuestros experimentos, algunas IDPs son ricas en material org·nico que contiene oxÌgeno.
Molecular and cytogenetic characterization of del(9p) syndrome
Micale, M.A.; Haren, J.M.; Schwartz, S.
The del(9p) syndrome is characterized by mental retardation, trigonocephaly, midface hypoplasia, upward slanting palpebral fissures, a long philtrum, and is typically associated with a breakpoint at 9p22. Seventeen unrelated patients with del(9p) and their parents were analyzed by high resolution chromosome studies, molecular analysis using a series of highly polymorphic dinucleotide repeat markers for 9p, and fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) to characterize precisely the extent of chromosome loss. Eleven patients were found to have an interstitial deletion with breakpoints assigned to 9p22.1 and 9p24.3 in most cases. Two patients had familial unbalanced translocations of maternal origin and four had de novo complex rearrangements identified by high resolution analysis and FISH utilizing chromosome libraries. PCR analysis of eleven families with eight minisatellite markers determined paternal origin of the deletion in six cases and maternal origin in five. This suggests that the molecular event resulting in the deletion is equally prevalent in both male and female gametogenesis and that genomic imprinting does not play a role in the pathogenesis of del(9p) syndrome. Increased precision in mapping these minisatellite markers was also possible through this work. This study demonstrates the existence of molecular heterogeneity as six patients with a cytological breakpoint at 9p22.1 revealed three different molecular breakpoints. These findings suggest that genotype-phenotype correlations in deletion syndromes such as this should be based on high-resolution molecular analysis of the deleted chromosome segment. Work is in progress to map a series of cosmid probes by FISH relative to chromosomal breakpoints in these patients. These combined studies should provide a better understanding of the mechanisms involved in the pathogenesis of del(9p) syndrome and may identify loci where genes responsible for one or more aspects of the del(9p) phenotype may reside.
Extensión del Formalismo de Orbitales de Defecto Cuántico al tratamiento del efecto Stark (SQDO).
NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)
Menéndez, J. M.; Martín, I.; Velasco, A. M.
El estudio experimental de las interacciones de átomos Rydberg altamente excitados con campos eléctricos ha experimentado un creciente interés durante las dos últimas décadas debido, en gran medida, al desarrollo de nuevas técnicas para crear y estudiar átomos Rydberg en el laboratorio. Acompañando a estas nuevas técnicas experimentales, es necesario el desarrollo de modelos teóricos que nos permitan contrastar sus medidas y conocer mejor los fundamentos de los mismos. Desde el punto de vista teórico el conocimiento del desdoblamiento de los niveles energéticos de un átomo en función de la magnitud del campo eléctrico aplicado (lo que se conoce como mapa Stark) es el mejor punto de partida para la descripción del sistema y un prerrequisito fundamental para el cálculo de distintas propiedades atómicas en presencia del campo eléctrico tales como intensidades de transición, umbrales de ionización de campo eléctrico, tiempos de vida, posición y anchura de cruces evitados, etc. En este trabajo presentamos la adaptación del método de orbitales de defecto cuántico [1,2,3] al tratamiento del efecto Stark (SQDO) [4] y su aplicación al cálculo de los desdoblamientos energéticos y fuerzas de oscilador de estados Rydberg en los átomos de Li, Na y K. El propósito de este estudio es, por un lado, desarrollar métodos fiables para la determinación de propiedades atómicas en presencia de campos eléctricos y, por otro, mostrar la fiabilidad de las funciones de onda QDO en la descripción del efecto Stark en sistemas atómicos.
Analisis del contenido curricular de los Documentos Normativos del Programa de Ciencias en el area de biologia para la escuela superior del sistema de educacion publica de Puerto Rico: 1993-2012
NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)
Davila Montanez, Melissa
Esta investigacion de naturaleza cualitativa se ocupo de realizar un analisis de contenido documental de los Documentos Normativos del Programa de Ciencias en el area de biologia de la escuela superior del sistema de educacion publica de Puerto Rico del periodo 1993-2012. Los documentos analizados fueron: Guia Curricular, 1995; Marco Curricular, 2003; Estandares de Excelencia, 1996, 2000 y Estandares de Contenido y Expectativas de Grado, 2007. Se indago si hubo cambios en significados en los Componentes Estructurales: Naturaleza de la ciencia, Paradigmas para la ensenanza de la ciencia, Funcion del curriculo formal, Mision de la ensenanza de la ciencia; Contenidos, destrezas y competencias, Estrategias de ensenanza y Evaluacion/Assessment del aprendizaje. El analisis sugiere que no hubo cambios sustanciales en los significados de los Componentes Estructurales. Los documentos estudiados muestran mayormente caracteristicas similares, aunque los documentos mas recientes eran mas descriptivos, explicativos y especificos.
Genomic Copy Number Variations in the Myelodysplastic Syndrome and Acute Myeloid Leukemia Patients with del(5q) and/or -7/del(7q)
Zhang, Rui; Kim, Young-Mi; Wang, Xianfu; Li, Yan; Lu, Xianglan; Sternenberger, Andrea R.; Li, Shibo; Lee, Ji-Yun
The most common chromosomal abnormalities in myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS) and acute myeloid leukemia (AML) are -5/del(5q) and -7/del(7q). When -5/del(5q) and -7/del(7q) coexist in patients, a poor prognosis is typically associated. Given that -5/del(5q) and/or -7/del(7q) often are accompanied with additional recurrent chromosomal alterations, genetic change(s) on the accompanying chromosome(s) other than chromosomes 5 and 7 may be important factor(s) affecting leukemogenesis and disease prognosis. Using an integrated analysis of karyotype, FISH and array CGH results in this study, we evaluated the smallest region of overlap (SRO) of chromosomes 5 and 7 as well as copy number alterations (CNAs) on the other chromosomes. Moreover, the relationship between the CNAs and del(5q) and -7/del(7q) was investigated by categorizing the cases into three groups based on the abnormalities of chromosomes 5 and 7 [group I: cases only with del(5q), group II: cases only with -7/del(7q) and group III: concurrent del(5q) and del(7q) cases]. The overlapping SRO of chromosome 5 from groups I and III was 5q31.1-33.1 and of chromosome 7 from groups II and III was 7q31.31-q36.1. A total of 318 CNAs were observed; ~ 78.3% of them were identified on chromosomes other than chromosomes 5 and 7, which were defined as 'other CNAs'. Group III was a distinctive group carrying the most high number (HN) CNAs, cryptic CNAs and 'other CNAs'. The loss of TP53 was highly associated with del(5q). The loss of ETV6 was specifically associated with group III. These CNAs or genes may play a secondary role in disease progression and should be further evaluated for their clinical significance and influence on therapeutic approaches in patients with MDS/AML carrying del(5q) and/or -7/del(7q) in large-scale, patient population study. PMID:26392809
A model of Nevado del Ruiz Volcano, Colombia
NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)
Williams, Stanley N.; Meyer, Hansj¸rgen
A workshop was held at the Observatorio Vulcanologico de Colombia in Manizales, Colombia, March 28 to April 1, 1988, to review the accumulated data on the disastrous November 13, 1985, eruption and related activity of Nevado del Ruiz volcano (Figure 1). Approximately 30 scientists from eight countries presented data, developed a preliminary model, and addressed the future problems of Ruiz. The volcano (see Figure 2) erupted just prior to the meeting, covering the meeting site with 1-2 mm of ash.The workshop was convened by Stanley N. Williams (Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge) and Hansj¸rgen Meyer (Universidad del Valle, Cali, Colombia). A special volume of the Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research is planned for the papers and letters presented at the workshop, with some additional contributions. Publication is expected in mid-1989.
New records of fishes at Isla del Coco, Costa Rica
Garrison, V.H.
Isla del Coco lies at 5 degrees 32'N latitude, 87 degrees 04'W longitude and is the sole peak of the Cocos Ridge exposed above sea level. This isolated island formed approximately 2 million years ago. It rises 575 m above the surface of the sea and covers 46 km2 (Castillo et aI., 1988). Five hundred km to the NNE is Costa Rica; 630 km SSW are the Galapagos Islands; 650 km to the E is Isla Malpelo, Colombia; and approximately 8,000 km W lie the Line Islands. Costa Rica claimed Isla del Coco in 1832 and declared it a National Park in 1978. The area of the park was increased to include the adjacent waters 5 km offshore in 1984 and 25 km offshore in 1991.
Prognostic Impact of del(17p) and del(22q) as Assessed by Interphase FISH in Sporadic Colorectal Carcinomas
Gonz·lez-Gonz·lez, MarÌa; MuÒoz-Bellvis, LuÌs; Mackintosh, Carlos; Fontanillo, Celia; GutiÈrrez, M. Laura; Abad, M. Mar; Bengoechea, Oscar; Teodosio, Cristina; Fonseca, Emilio; Fuentes, Manuel; De Las Rivas, Javier
Background Most sporadic colorectal cancer (sCRC) deaths are caused by metastatic dissemination of the primary tumor. New advances in genetic profiling of sCRC suggest that the primary tumor may contain a cell population with metastatic potential. Here we compare the cytogenetic profile of primary tumors from liver metastatic versus non-metastatic sCRC. Methodology/Principal Findings We prospectively analyzed the frequency of numerical/structural abnormalities of chromosomes 1, 7, 8, 13, 14, 17, 18, 20, and 22 by iFISH in 58 sCRC patients: thirty-one non-metastatic (54%) vs. 27 metastatic (46%) disease. From a total of 18 probes, significant differences emerged only for the 17p11.2 and 22q11.2 chromosomal regions. Patients with liver metastatic sCRC showed an increased frequency of del(17p11.2) (10% vs. 67%;p<.001) and del(22q11.2) (0% vs. 22%;p?=?.02) versusnon-metastatic cases. Multivariate analysis of prognostic factors for overall survival (OS) showed that the only clinical and cytogenetic parameters that had an independent adverse impact on patient outcome were the presence of del(17p) with a 17p11.2 breakpoint and del(22q11.2). Based on these two cytogenetic variables, patients were classified into three groups: low- (no adverse features), intermediate- (one adverse feature) and high-risk (two adverse features)- with significantly different OS rates at 5-years (p<.001): 92%, 53% and 0%, respectively. Conclusions/Significance Our results unravel the potential implication of del(17p11.2) in sCRC patients with liver metastasis as this cytogenetic alteration appears to be intrinsically related to an increased metastatic potential and a poor outcome, providing additional prognostic information to that associated with other cytogenetic alterations such as del(22q11.2). Additional prospective studies in larger series of patients would be required to confirm the clinical utility of the new prognostic markers identified. PMID:22912721
Solar adaptive optics at the Observatorio del Teide, Tenerife
NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)
Soltau, Dirk; Berkefeld, Thomas; Schmidt, Dirk; von der Lühe, Oskar
Observing the Sun with high angular resolution is difficult because the turbulence in the atmosphere is strongest during day time. In this paper we describe the principles of solar adaptive optics exemplified by the two German solar telescopes VTT and GREGOR at the Observatorio del Teide. With theses systems we obtain near diffraction limited images of the Sun. Ways to overcome the limits of conventional AO by applying multiconjugate adaptive optics (MCAO) are shown.
Localizador de Servicios de Apoyo - Instituto Nacional del C·ncer
HealthCare.gov es el primer centro de datos de alternativas de cobertura mÈdica del Departamento de Salud y Servicios Humanos de EE. UU. que combina los programas p˙blicos (ej. Medicare, Medicaid) con la informaciÛn de m·s de 1 000 planes de seguros privados. El usuario puede buscar en Internet las opciones de cobertura mÈdica especÌficas a su situaciÛn y a su comunidad local. Igualmente, Healthcare.gov tiene informaciÛn sobre la reforma sanitaria Affordable Care Act.
PÌo del RÌo Hortega and the discovery of the oligodendrocytes.
PÈrez-Cerd·, Fernando; S·nchez-GÛmez, MarÌa Victoria; Matute, Carlos
PÌo del RÌo Hortega (1882-1945) discovered microglia and oligodendrocytes (OLGs), and after RamÛn y Cajal, was the most prominent figure of the Spanish school of neurology. He began his scientific career with Nicol·s Ach˙carro from whom he learned the use of metallic impregnation techniques suitable to study non-neuronal cells. Later on, he joined Cajal's laboratory. and Subsequently, he created his own group, where he continued to develop other innovative modifications of silver staining methods that revolutionized the study of glial cells a century ago. He was also interested in neuropathology and became a leading authority on Central Nervous System (CNS) tumors. In parallel to this clinical activity, del RÌo Hortega rendered the first systematic description of a major polymorphism present in a subtype of macroglial cells that he named as oligodendroglia and later OLGs. He established their ectodermal origin and suggested that they built the myelin sheath of CNS axons, just as Schwann cells did in the periphery. Notably, he also suggested the trophic role of OLGs for neuronal functionality, an idea that has been substantiated in the last few years. Del RÌo Hortega became internationally recognized and established an important neurohistological school with outstanding pupils from Spain and abroad, which nearly disappeared after his exile due to the Spanish civil war. Yet, the difficulty of metal impregnation methods and their variability in results, delayed for some decades the confirmation of his great insights into oligodendrocyte biology until the development of electron microscopy and immunohistochemistry. This review aims at summarizing the pioneer and essential contributions of del RÌo Hortega to the current knowledge of oligodendrocyte structure and function, and to provide a hint of the scientific personality of this extraordinary and insufficiently recognized man. PMID:26217196
DescripciÛn del coronÛgrafo a ser instalado en Argentina (MICA)
NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)
Stenborg, G.; Francile, C.; Schwenn, R.; Epple, A.; Rovira, M.
El ``CoronÛgrafo de espejo para Argentina'' es un telescopio solar terrestre a ser colocado en el Observatorio AstronÛmico FÈlix Aguilar (El Leoncito), antes de finalizar 1996, como parte de un programa de ciencia bilateral entre Alemania y Argentina. Eclipses fotogr·ficos de alta resoluciÛn han revelado que la corona solar es altamente estructurada y variable. De hecho, est· contÌnuamente deformada y moldeada por los movimientos convectivos de los extremos de los arcos magnÈticos en la fotosfera, estando, en muchas oportunidades, afectada por explosivas liberaciones de energÌa. MICA, en conjunciÛn con otros telescopios solares espaciales y terrestres, tratar· de contribuir al entendimiento de cuestiones fundamentales de la fÌsica solar. Entre ellas: cÛmo la corona est· siendo calentada, dÛnde y cÛmo el viento solar es acelerado, quÈ causa los transitorios coronales, etc. Para ello investigar· la distribuciÛn de los par·metros del plasma y su evoluciÛn con el tiempo, la estructura espacial de la corona en fina y gran escala, procesos que ocurren en los transitorios coronales y factores que los disparan, etc. Para responder a estas cuestiones MICA observar· la atmÛsfera solar por sobre el limbo entre 1.1 y 2 radios solares aproximadamente, usando un nuevo tipo de sistema coronogr·fico que permite suprimir el brillo del disco solar suficientemente bien, tomando las im·genes con una c·mara CCD de 1024x1024 pixels, codificada en 12 bits, pudiendo el mismo ser operado en forma remota. En la presente exposiciÛn describiremos las caracterÌsticas del instrumento, cÛmo ser· controlado y quÈ esperamos observar basados en las im·genes obtenidas por los telescopios de similares caracterÌsticas LASCO C1 a bordo del SOHO y PICO (ubicado en el Observatorio de Pic du Midi, Francia).
Library of Congress Historic Buildings Survey, Historic Engineering Record, Historic Landscapes Survey
3. 1939 DROP STRUCTURE IN DEL MAR PARK SURMOUNTED BY RECENT PEDESTRIAN BRIDGE. - Highline Canal, Sand Creek Lateral, Beginning at intersection of Peoria Street & Highline Canal in Arapahoe County (City of Aurora), Sand Creek lateral Extends 15 miles Northerly through Araphoe County, City & County of Denver, & Adams County to its end point, approximately 1/4 mile Southest of intersectioin of D Street & Ninth Avenue in Adams County (Rocky Mountain Arsenal, Commerce City Vicinity), Commerce City, Adams County, CO
Library of Congress Historic Buildings Survey, Historic Engineering Record, Historic Landscapes Survey
2. COURSE OF THE LATERAL THROUGH DEL NORTHWEST MAR PARK. - Highline Canal, Sand Creek Lateral, Beginning at intersection of Peoria Street & Highline Canal in Arapahoe County (City of Aurora), Sand Creek lateral Extends 15 miles Northerly through Araphoe County, City & County of Denver, & Adams County to its end point, approximately 1/4 mile Southest of intersectioin of D Street & Ninth Avenue in Adams County (Rocky Mountain Arsenal, Commerce City Vicinity), Commerce City, Adams County, CO
Modeling Visibility in the EL Paso del Norte Region
NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)
Fitzgerald, R. M.; Medina, R.; DuBois, D. W.; Novlan, D.
Poor visibility is a subject of growing public concern throughout the U.S, and an active area of research. Its societal impacts in air quality, aviation transport and traffic are significant. Aerosols play a fundamental role in the attenuation of solar radiation, and also affect visibility. The scattering and extinction coefficients of aerosol particles in the Paso del Norte Region have been calculated using the T- matrix model in conjunction with a laser particle counter. Inter-comparison of the model's results of the scattering and absorption coefficients against the corresponding data from a Photoacustic Extinctiometer instrument (which measures in-situ absorption and scattering coefficients of aerosol particles) shows excellent agreement. In addition, the volume-weighted method is used to determine the composite index of refraction which is representative of the aerosols for the Paso del Norte Airshed to obtain information of the type of aerosol particles present in the Airshed. The Single Scattering Albedo has also been retrieved using our methodology to obtain further insight into the type of aerosols present on a given day. Finally, the Koschmieder equation has been used to calculate the visual range or visibility, and was correlated with the PM2.5 and PM10 particle concentration present in the Airshed. Our methodology will allow a better understanding of the size and type of aerosol particles that are most detrimental to the visibility for the Paso del Norte Region.
Modeling visibility in the Paso del Norte (PDN) Region
NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)
Medina Calderon, Richard
Poor visibility is a subject of growing public concern throughout the U.S, and an active area of research. Its societal impacts on air quality, aviation transport and traffic are significant. Aerosols play a fundamental role in the attenuation of solar radiation, and also affect visibility. The scattering and extinction coefficients of aerosol particles in the Paso del Norte Region have been calculated using the T- matrix model in conjunction with a laser particle counter. Inter-comparison of the model's results of the scattering and absorption coefficients against the corresponding data from a Photoacustic extinctiometer instrument (which measures in-situ absorption and scattering coefficients of aerosol particles) shows excellent agreement. In addition, the volume-weighted method is used to determine the composite index of refraction which is representative of the aerosols for the Paso del Norte Region to obtain information of the type of aerosol particles present in the Region. The Single Scattering Albedo has also been retrieved using this methodology to obtain further insight into the type of aerosols present on a given day. Finally, the Koschmieder equation has been used to calculate the visual range or visibility, and was correlated with the PM2.5 and PM10 particle concentration present in the Region. Our methodology will allow a better understanding of the size and type of aerosol particles that are most detrimental to the visibility for the Paso Del Norte Region.
Los plaguicidas y la contaminacion del medio ambiente Venezolano
Stickel, L.F.; Stickel, W.H.
RESUMEN DE RECOMENDACIONES Recomendaciones para el Programa de Investigacion: 1. Establecer un sistema de muestreo biologico para detectar los niveles tendencias de los productos quimicos toxicos en un peque?o numero de si tios representativos. 2. Mantener continua vigilancia de la contaminacion ambiental, mediante la seleccion acertadamente dirigida de las zonas afectadas y de las fuentes de contaminacion. 3. Realizar estudios acerca de las poblaciones de animales silvestres, y del exito de los procesos reproductivos de las especies o grupos clayes de animales que se consideran mas gravemente afectados. 4. Preparar recomendaciones para una accion gubernamental de proteccion al hombre, a la fauna silvestre y al medio ambiente. Recomendaciones para la Accion Administrativa: 1. Establecer limites a la tolerancia de los residuos de plaguicidas en los alimentos. Constituye una medida clave para disminuir la contaminacion ambiental. 2. Establecer normas de calidad del agua para las corrientes, represas, la gos y otros cuerpos. Es la segunda medida clave para reducir la contaminacion del ambiente 3. Exigir un tratamiento adecuado de los efluentes industriales, especialmente antes de que se construyan las nuevas plantas. 4. Exigir a los agricultores que en el uso de plaguicidas sigan los consejos tecnicos autorizados y negar a los vendedores el derecho a recomendar productos por su cuenta. 5. Tomar medidas para recoger y eliminar los recipientes y sobrantes de los plaguicidas.
Nuevo sitio web en espaÒol del Instituto Nacional del C·ncer, (NCI, por sus siglas en inglÈs) Cancer.gov en espaÒol - Silvia InÈz Salazar - transcript
Transmisiones de radio para promover Cancer.gov en espa%XF1ol | Nuevo sitio web en espa%XF1ol del Instituto Nacional del C%XE1ncer, (NCI, por sus siglas en ingl%XE9s) Cancer.gov en espa%XF1ol | Transcripci%XF3n Transmisiones de radio para promover
The 2012 Reactivation of Nevado del Ruiz Volcano, Colombia
NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)
Ordoñez, M.; Lopez, C.; Cortes, G. P.; Londoño, J.; Battaglia, M.
Nevado Del Ruiz volcano is most known for its tragic November 13, 1985 explosive event, when a small eruption produced an enormous lahar that buried and destroyed the town of Armero in Tolima, causing an estimated 25,000 deaths. Similar but less deadly incidents occurred in 1595 and 1845, again where a small explosive eruption was followed by a large lahar. Other minor explosive events occurred in 1805, 1828-9, and 1989. The Armero tragedy was a major factor in the establishment of a volcano monitoring program in Colombia. The network monitoring Nevado del Ruiz volcano has dramatically improved since the 1985 eruption and now includes geodetic, geophysical, geochemical and visual monitoring. The activity of Nevado Del Ruiz between 1985 and 1991 saw significant increases in seismicity and significant gas emissions with the main eruptive events of November 13, 1985 and September 1st, 1989. The volcano became seismically active again in 1995 and 2002, whit an increase in seismicity, without any gas emission or eruption. In October 2010 the volcano entered in a new phase of unrest with increased seismicity (HB events), deformation and gas emissions, likely associated with a new magma intrusion. In February, 2012 the volcano had a new and significant increase in seismicity (VT-LP), followed in May and June 2012 by small phreatic and phreato-magmatic eruption. This eruptive activity is still ongoing. Deformation measurements at Nevado Del Ruiz volcano have been carried out since just after the tragic eruption of the 13th of November 1985. In 2007 seven new electronic tilt meters were set up to monitor the deformation. Significant uplift was measured from August 2007 to October 2010, for a total cumulative value of more than 500 microradians. From the end of 2011 to July 2012, moderate changes of uplift were detected for a total of 70 microradians. The analysis of these deformation data shows a pattern of surface displacement associated with an intrusion of new magma coming from a reservoir located approximately at a depth of approximately 8 km and accumulating in shallow reservoir less than 2 km beneath the main crater. We fit the data with both a spherical and a vertical spheroid source. The spherical source indicates the existence of an intrusion at a depth of 1823±1056 m with a volume change of (7±17)×106 m3 . The vertical spheroidal source suggests a source 1855 m deep with a volume change of 6×106 m3 . These results imply that while we have strong bounds on the depth of the intrusion, the actual volume of the source is less certain. Gas emission from Nevado del Ruiz volcano in April 7, 2012.
Estrategia innovadora enfocada en parejas del mismo sexo para disminuir la infección del VIH en hombres Latinos
Martinez, Omar; Wu, Elwin; Sandfort, Theo; Shultz, Andrew Z.; Capote, Jonathan; Ch√°vez, Silvia; Moya, Eva; Dodge, Brian; Morales, Gabriel; Porras, Antonio; Ovejero, Hugo
Resumen El VIH es un problema de salud importante dentro de la comunidad latina de los Estados Unidos. Gracias a los esfuerzos de prevención, los niveles de contagio entre los latinos se han mantenido estables por más de una década. Sin embargo, esta población sigue siendo afectada a niveles muy altos, en particular entre hombres que tienen sexo con hombres (HSH), de origen latino y que hablan principalmente el idioma español. Existen varios factores que contribuyen a la transmisión del VIH entre esta población, como son: el uso de drogas; la violencia dentro de la pareja; la presencia de infecciones de transmisión sexual; relaciones sexuales sin protección, dentro y fuera de la pareja; el evadir la búsqueda de recursos (prueba y tratamiento adecuado) por temor a ser discriminado o por su estatus migratorio; la escasez de recursos económicos o estado de pobreza y los patrones relacionados a la migración. En particular, Investigaciones Epidemiológicas de Comportamientos han determinado: cómo algunas dinámicas en parejas están directamente asociadas a los comportamientos sexuales de riesgos. En consecuencia, es necesaria mayor investigación para identificar esas dinámicas, y a su vez, realizar intervenciones dirigidas a la reducción de conductas de riesgo enfocadas en parejas de hombres del mismo sexo. En este escrito, se describe la importancia del uso de las relaciones de pareja como estrategia en la reducción de la trasmisión del VIH/SIDA en HSH de origen latino y que hablan principalmente el idioma español en los Estados Unidos. PMID:25580466
ContribuciÛn al flujo infrarrojo de las estrellas Be de la recombinaciÛn dielectrÛnica del MgII
NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)
Cruzado, A.; di Rocco, H.; Ringuelet, A.
Para evaluar la contribuciÛn del proceso de recombinaciÛn dielectrÛnica del ·tomo de MgII al exceso de flujo infrarrojo observado en las estrellas Be, calculamos la energÌa emitida en las lÌneas originadas por este proceso. Se evaluaron los efectos de las condiciones fÌsicas del medio, como la temperatura electrÛnica y la densidad electrÛnica, sobre el flujo emitido. Se considerÛ tambiÈn la influencia de una posible opacidad.
Screening for 185delAG in the Ashkenazim.
Richards, C S; Ward, P A; Roa, B B; Friedman, L C; Boyd, A A; Kuenzli, G; Dunn, J K; Plon, S E
A study was initiated to assess interest, educational effectiveness, and implications of genetic testing for the common BRCA1 mutation, 185delAG, in the Ashkenazim. Of 333 individuals who attended group sessions, 309 (92%) participated in the study. Participants were categorized as having negative family history (67%), positive family history (defined, by a relaxed criterion, as one first-degree relative or two second-degree relatives with breast [premenopausal] or ovarian cancer) (22%), positive personal history (7%), and both positive personal history and positive family history (4%). Group education was effective, as shown by the improvement in participant scores from pre- to posteducation tests. For the 289 individuals (94%) who requested testing, the major reasons included concern for their own risk, concern for the risk of their children, and desire to learn about surveillance options. The most common reason given by participants who declined testing was concern about health insurance. Six participants found to be heterozygous for the 185delAG mutation received results and were offered genetic counseling. Participants had consented for additional testing without receiving results and were screened for the 6174delT mutation in BRCA2, and seven were found to be positive. All identified carriers reported at least one first- or second-degree relative with a history of breast or ovarian cancer, although they did not all meet our study criteria for positive family history. Given these outcomes, we conclude that screening for breast and ovarian cancer susceptibility is most appropriate for individuals with a positive personal or positive family cancer history. We propose a guideline for future studies designed to identify individuals who may benefit from genetic testing for inherited breast and ovarian cancer. Images Figure 1 PMID:9150156
Optical photometry and spectroscopy of Nova Del 2013
NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)
Tomov, T.; Ilkiewicz, K.; Swierczynski, E.; Belcheva, M.; Dimitrov, D.
We report optical BV photometry and spectroscopy of Nova Del 2013, carried out between August 14.88 UT and August 15.08 UT. Using a 60 cm Cassegrain telescope at the Nicolaus Copernicus University Observatory (Torun, Poland) we estimated the V brightness of the Nova to be 6.31+/-0.02 mag and 6.18+/-0.03 mag on Aug. 14.94 UT and Aug. 15.02 UT respectively. HD 194113 (F2, V=8.00 mag) was used as a comparison star.
Visual and Near-IR Photometry of Nova Del 2013
NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)
Gehrz, R. D.; Dykhoff, D. A.; Shenoy, D. P.
We report Visual and Near-IR photometry of Nova Del 2013 taken at the University of Minnesota's O'Brien Observatory (Marine-on-St-Croix, Minnesota, USA). VRIJHKLM photometry were obtained on two successive nights using an AsSi bolometer. Vega (alpha Lyrae) was used as the standard star. Our photometry show: August 16.2 UT: V = 4.8 +/- 0.1, R = 5.4 +/- 0.1, I = 5.2 +/- 0.1, J = 4.4 +/- 0.1, H = 4.3 +/- 0.1, K = 4.3 +/- 0.1, L = 4.5 +/- 0.2.
DistribuciÛn del continuo ultravioleta e infrarrojo en estrellas Be
NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)
Cruzado, A.; Ringuelet, A.; di Rocco, H.
Estamos interesados en interpretar los excesos de flujo infrarrojo y/o ultravioleta observados en estrellas Be con respecto al de estrellas B normales, asÌ como su posible correlaciÛn. Una envoltura rodeando la estrella distingue una estrella Be de una B normal; para explicar las observaciones es necesario entonces tener en cuenta todos los posibles procesos fÌsicos que en ella tienen lugar. Adoptando un modelo atmosfÈrico especÌfico, hemos estudiado el proceso de recombinaciÛn dielectrÛnica de metales como MgII y FeII, teniendo en cuenta la posible influencia de la opacidad del medio en el flujo emitido.
ApariciÛn del cometa Hale - BOPP C / 1995-01
NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)
Arquiola, A.
El Cometa Hale - Bopp fue observado a partir de la 10ma. magnitud con el telescopio de 300mm de abertura a f/6.5. En esas primeras observaciones desde luego no hubo mucho detalle. A su vez las posiciones del cometa para nuestro hemisferio no fueron favorables, solamente asomÛ por el horizonte N.O. para nuestra latitud cuando se alejaba de la Tierra. Se registrÛ la observaciÛn visualmente con binoculares 10 x 50, y fotogr·ficamente con un Telezoom de 210mm a f/4,5 con pelÌcula 400 ASA color. Todas las im·genes fueron procesadas y digitalizadas a fin de obtener las diferentes escalas de brillo. El aspecto que presentÛ para nuestra posiciÛn geogr·fica fue discreta ya que tuvo su m·ximo brillo cuando era visible desde el hemisferio norte. PresentÛ la cl·sica cola de polvo curva, y con su aspecto casi estelar, destac·ndose entre la luminosidad del crep˙sculo. Instrumentos Utilizados: Telezoom de 210mm a f/4.5, Telescopio refractor de 80mm a f/15, Binocular 10 x 50
33 CFR 162.200 - Marina del Rey, Calif.; restricted area.
Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR
... 33 Navigation and Navigable Waters 2 2011-07-01 2011-07-01 false Marina del Rey, Calif.; restricted area. 162.200 Section 162.200 Navigation and Navigable Waters COAST GUARD, DEPARTMENT OF HOMELAND SECURITY (CONTINUED) PORTS AND WATERWAYS SAFETY INLAND WATERWAYS NAVIGATION REGULATIONS ß 162.200 Marina del Rey, Calif.; restricted area. (a)...
Aspectos generales de la Red Nacional de Estudios ClÌnicos del NCI
ReseÒa general sobre la estructura organizativa de la Red Nacional de Estudios ClÌnicos del NCI, asÌ como un resumen de los cambios que se est·n llevando a cabo y una sinopsis de cÛmo estos cambios se basan en el Èxito del programa de Grupos Cooperativos.
[Recommendations to improve the scientific comunication process in the Revista Médica del IMSS].
Álvarez, Ivón
In order to improve the position of the Revista Médica del Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social among the different journals, in this editorial we enumerate a series of recommendations to ameliorate the practices of the different actors who participate in the scientific communication process of this journal. PMID:26820191
60. C.J.T., photographer December 23, 1955 KLAMATH RIVER BRIDGE, DEL ...
Library of Congress Historic Buildings Survey, Historic Engineering Record, Historic Landscapes Survey
60. C.J.T., photographer December 23, 1955 KLAMATH RIVER BRIDGE, DEL NORTE COUNTY, SECTION A, HIGHWAY 1. DN-1-A #538, KLAMATH RIVER BR. FROM SO. END, 12/23/55, C.J.T. - Redwood National & State Parks Roads, California coast from Crescent City to Trinidad, Crescent City, Del Norte County, CA
62. R.L.T., photographer November 1, 1934 DEL NORTE COUNTY, SECTION ...
Library of Congress Historic Buildings Survey, Historic Engineering Record, Historic Landscapes Survey
62. R.L.T., photographer November 1, 1934 DEL NORTE COUNTY, SECTION D, HIGHWAY 1. REDWOOD CLEARING ON EXISTING LINE, 1-DN-71-A #26, R.L.T. 11-1-34. Stamped office copy. - Redwood National & State Parks Roads, California coast from Crescent City to Trinidad, Crescent City, Del Norte County, CA
Primer registro para Peru del genero Nielsonia Young, 1977 (Hemiptera: Cicadellidae: Cicadellinae: Cicadellini)
Technology Transfer Automated Retrieval System (TEKTRAN)
En este articulo se reporta por primera vez para el Peru una especies del genero Nielsonia Young, 1977, de material procedente del Departamento de Tumbes. El genero ha sido reportada anteriormente de Ecuador, como unico registro para Sudamerica, y America Central. El unico especimen hembra encontra...
Instant√°nea del c√°ncer de cuello uterino
Información sobre las tendencias de incidencia, mortalidad y financiamiento del NCI sobre el cáncer de cuello uterino; así como ejemplos de actividades del NCI y adelantos en la investigación de este tipo de cáncer.
63. G.F.H., photographer July 30, 1932 DEL NORTE COUNTY, SECTION ...
Library of Congress Historic Buildings Survey, Historic Engineering Record, Historic Landscapes Survey
63. G.F.H., photographer July 30, 1932 DEL NORTE COUNTY, SECTION A, HIGHWAY 1. 1-DN A #124, STA. 164=00 SHOWING DRAINAGE CONDITIONS, G.F.H., 7-30-32. - Redwood National & State Parks Roads, California coast from Crescent City to Trinidad, Crescent City, Del Norte County, CA
61. M.C., photographer June 22, 1951 KLAMATH, DEL NORTE COUNTY, ...
Library of Congress Historic Buildings Survey, Historic Engineering Record, Historic Landscapes Survey
61. M.C., photographer June 22, 1951 KLAMATH, DEL NORTE COUNTY, SECTION A, HIGHWAY 1. DN-1-A #452 NORTHERLY THROUGH KLAMATH FROM STA. 325+50, 6/22/51, M.C. Stamped office copy. - Redwood National & State Parks Roads, California coast from Crescent City to Trinidad, Crescent City, Del Norte County, CA
Instant√°nea del c√°ncer de ovario
Información sobre las tendencias de incidencia, mortalidad y financiamiento del NCI sobre el cáncer de ovario; así como ejemplos de actividades del NCI y adelantos en la investigación de este tipo de cáncer.
33 CFR 162.200 - Marina del Rey, Calif.; restricted area.
Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR
... 33 Navigation and Navigable Waters 2 2010-07-01 2010-07-01 false Marina del Rey, Calif.; restricted area. 162.200 Section 162.200 Navigation and Navigable Waters COAST GUARD, DEPARTMENT OF HOMELAND SECURITY (CONTINUED) PORTS AND WATERWAYS SAFETY INLAND WATERWAYS NAVIGATION REGULATIONS ß 162.200 Marina del Rey, Calif.; restricted area. (a)...
66. Photographer unknown March 1920'S DEL NORTE COUNTY, SECTION B, ...
Library of Congress Historic Buildings Survey, Historic Engineering Record, Historic Landscapes Survey
66. Photographer unknown March 1920'S DEL NORTE COUNTY, SECTION B, HIGHWAY 1. 1-DN 1-B #9, CORDUROY DETOUR INTO CRESCENT CITY, 2-2 (3?). Stamped office copy. - Redwood National & State Parks Roads, California coast from Crescent City to Trinidad, Crescent City, Del Norte County, CA
Instantánea del cáncer de estómago
Información sobre las tendencias de incidencia, mortalidad y financiamiento del NCI sobre el cáncer de estómago; así como ejemplos de actividades del NCI y adelantos en la investigación de este tipo de cáncer.
33 CFR 162.200 - Marina del Rey, Calif.; restricted area.
Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR
... 33 Navigation and Navigable Waters 2 2014-07-01 2014-07-01 false Marina del Rey, Calif.; restricted area. 162.200 Section 162.200 Navigation and Navigable Waters COAST GUARD, DEPARTMENT OF HOMELAND SECURITY (CONTINUED) PORTS AND WATERWAYS SAFETY INLAND WATERWAYS NAVIGATION REGULATIONS ß 162.200 Marina del Rey, Calif.; restricted area. (a)...
Instant√°nea del c√°ncer de tiroides
Información sobre las tendencias de incidencia, mortalidad y financiamiento del NCI sobre el cáncer de tiroides; así como ejemplos de actividades del NCI y adelantos en la investigación de este tipo de cáncer.
33 CFR 334.110 - Delaware Bay off Cape Henlopen, Del.; naval restricted area.
Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR
..., Del.; naval restricted area. 334.110 Section 334.110 Navigation and Navigable Waters CORPS OF....110 Delaware Bay off Cape Henlopen, Del.; naval restricted area. (a) The area. Beginning at a point on... regulations in this section shall be enforced by the Commandant, Fourth Naval District, and such agencies...
33 CFR 334.110 - Delaware Bay off Cape Henlopen, Del.; naval restricted area.
Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR
..., Del.; naval restricted area. 334.110 Section 334.110 Navigation and Navigable Waters CORPS OF....110 Delaware Bay off Cape Henlopen, Del.; naval restricted area. (a) The area. Beginning at a point on... regulations in this section shall be enforced by the Commandant, Fourth Naval District, and such agencies...
33 CFR 334.110 - Delaware Bay off Cape Henlopen, Del.; naval restricted area.
Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR
..., Del.; naval restricted area. 334.110 Section 334.110 Navigation and Navigable Waters CORPS OF....110 Delaware Bay off Cape Henlopen, Del.; naval restricted area. (a) The area. Beginning at a point on... regulations in this section shall be enforced by the Commandant, Fourth Naval District, and such agencies...
33 CFR 334.110 - Delaware Bay off Cape Henlopen, Del.; naval restricted area.
Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR
..., Del.; naval restricted area. 334.110 Section 334.110 Navigation and Navigable Waters CORPS OF....110 Delaware Bay off Cape Henlopen, Del.; naval restricted area. (a) The area. Beginning at a point on... regulations in this section shall be enforced by the Commandant, Fourth Naval District, and such agencies...
Instant√°nea del c√°ncer de seno (mama)
Información sobre las tendencias de incidencia, mortalidad y financiamiento del NCI sobre el cáncer de seno (mama); así como ejemplos de actividades del NCI y adelantos en la investigación de este tipo de cáncer.
Instantánea del cáncer de pulmón
Información sobre las tendencias de incidencia, mortalidad y financiamiento del NCI sobre el cáncer de pulmón; así como ejemplos de actividades del NCI y adelantos en la investigación de este tipo de cáncer.
Instant√°nea del c√°ncer de p√°ncreas
Información sobre las tendencias de incidencia, mortalidad y financiamiento del NCI sobre el cáncer de páncreas; así como ejemplos de actividades del NCI y adelantos en la investigación de este tipo de cáncer.
ViolaciÛn del Principio de Equivalencia en TeorÌas con DilatÛn de Cuerdas
NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)
Landau, S. J.; Sisterna, P. D.; Vucetich, H.
Se estudian las violaciones al Principio de Equivalencia en TeorÌas con DilatÛn de Cuerdas. En estos modelos, algunas de las constantes fundamentales dependen del espacio y del tiempo. Se muestra que los experimentos de caÌda libre no tienen a˙n precisiÛn como para poner lÌmites a los par·metros de la teorÌa.
Instant√°nea del c√°ncer de endometrio
Información sobre las tendencias de incidencia, mortalidad y financiamiento del NCI sobre el cáncer de endometrio; así como ejemplos de actividades del NCI y adelantos en la investigación de este tipo de cáncer.
Instantánea del cáncer de esófago
Información sobre las tendencias de incidencia, mortalidad y financiamiento del NCI sobre el cáncer de esófago; así como ejemplos de actividades del NCI y adelantos en la investigación de este tipo de cáncer.
Instant√°nea del c√°ncer de vejiga
Información sobre las tendencias de incidencia, mortalidad y financiamiento del NCI sobre el cáncer de vejiga; así como ejemplos de actividades del NCI y adelantos en la investigación de este tipo de cáncer.
El té y la prevención del cáncer
Hoja informativa que resume los resultados de estudios realizados sobre el té y la prevención del cáncer. Incluye información sobre los ingredientes del té y las consideraciones de seguridad sobre el consumo de esta bebida.
Efecto del Programa de Entrenamiento "Manejo del Dolor" en la Documentación de Enfermería en el Expediente Electrónico
Monsiváis, María Guadalupe Moreno; Guzmán, Ma. Guadalupe Interial; Flores, Paz Francisco Sauceda; Arreola, Leticia Vázquez
Resumen En el presente trabajo se muestra la importancia de entrenar al personal de enfermería para mejorar la documentación en el expediente electrónico. Se eligió el manejo del dolor por ser un área prioritaria; una alta proporción de pacientes en período post operatorio cursa con dolor, por lo tanto, la documentación debe ser útil para la toma de decisiones clínicas. Se implementó un programa de entrenamiento denominado "Manejo del Dolor" dirigido al personal de enfermería. Se utilizó la tecnología de la información como herramienta para fortalecer el conocimiento con base en la revisión sistemática de la literatura; el personal de enfermería participante seleccionó la mejor evidencia; posteriormente se trabajó en la transferencia de este conocimiento a la práctica a través del diseño de un protocolo para el manejo del dolor. Se concluye que el conocimiento del manejo del dolor es fundamental para que enfermería documente con mayor precisión sus intervenciones. PMID:24199106
Assessing Glacier Hazards At Ghiacciaio Del Belvedere, Macugnaga, Italian Alps
NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)
Haeberli, W.; Chiarle, M.; Mortara, G.; Mazza, A.
The uppermost section of the Valle Anzasca behind and above the community of Macugnaga in the Italian Alps is one of the most spectacular high-mountain land- scapes in Europe, with gigantic rock walls and numerous steep hanging glaciers. Its main glacier, Ghiacciaio del Belvedere at the foot of the huge Monte Rosa east face, is a heavily debris-covered glacier flowing on a thick sediment bed. Problems with floods, avalanches and debris flows from this ice body have been known for extended time periods. Most recently, however, the evolution of this highly dynamic environ- ment has become more dramatic. An outburst of Lago delle Locce, an ice-dammed lake at the confluenec of the tributary Ghiacciaio delle Locce with Ghiacciaio del Belvedere, caused heavy damage in 1979 and necessitated site investigation and con- struction work to be done for flood protection. The intermittent glacier growth ten- dency in the 1970es induced strong bulging of the glacier surface and, in places, caused the glacier tongue to override historical morains and to destroy newly-grown forest stands. A surge-type flow acceleration started in the lower parts of the Monte- Rosa east face during summer 2000, leading to strong crevassing and deformation of Ghiacciaio del Belvedere and extreme bulging of its orographic right margin. High water pressure and accelerated movement lasted into winter 2001/2002: the ice now started overriding the LIA moraine near Rifugio Zamboni of the CAI. In addition but rather independently, a most active detachment zone for rock falls and debris flows developed for several years now in the east face of Monte Rosa, somewhat more to the south of the accelerated glacier movement and at an altitude where relatively warm permafrost must be expected. Besides the scientific interest in these phenomena, the growing hazard potential to the local infrastructure must be considered seriously. Es- pecially potentials for the destabilization of large rock and ice masses in the east face of Monte Rosa, for interruption of the access trail to the Rifugio Zamboni by overrid- ing and/or collapse of the lateral moraine, for impacts by ice invading various instal- lations (cable car, restaurant, ski runs, trails) near the moraine hill of Belvedere, and for sudden outbursts of pressurized subglacial water or the newly formed supraglacial lake must be envisaged.
Disruption of cytokeratin-8 interaction with F508del-CFTR corrects its functional defect.
Colas, Julien; Faure, Grazyna; Saussereau, Emilie; Trudel, StÈphanie; Rabeh, Wael M; Bitam, Sara; Guerrera, Ida Chiara; Fritsch, Janine; Sermet-Gaudelus, Isabelle; Davezac, NoÎlie; Brouillard, Franck; Lukacs, Gergely L; Herrmann, Harald; Ollero, Mario; Edelman, Aleksander
We have previously reported an increased expression of cytokeratins 8/18 (K8/K18) in cells expressing the F508del mutation of cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR). This is associated with increased colocalization of CFTR and K18 in the vicinity of the endoplasmic reticulum, although this is reversed by treating cells with curcumin, resulting in the rescue of F508del-CFTR. In the present work, we hypothesized that (i) the K8/K18 network may interact physically with CFTR, and that (ii) this interaction may modify CFTR function. CFTR was immunoprecipitated from HeLa cells transfected with either wild-type (WT) CFTR or F508del-CFTR. Precipitates were subjected to 2D-gel electrophoresis and differential spots identified by mass spectrometry. K8 and K18 were found significantly increased in F508del-CFTR precipitates. Using surface plasmon resonance, we demonstrate that K8, but not K18, binds directly and preferentially to the F508del over the WT human NBD1 (nucleotide-binding domain-1). In vivo K8 interaction with F508del-CFTR was confirmed by proximity ligation assay in HeLa cells and in primary cultures of human respiratory epithelial cells. Ablation of K8 expression by siRNA in F508del-expressing HeLa cells led to the recovery of CFTR-dependent iodide efflux. Moreover, F508del-expressing mice topically treated with K8-siRNA showed restored nasal potential difference, equivalent to that of WT mice. These results show that disruption of F508del-CFTR and K8 interaction leads to the correction of the F508del-CFTR processing defect, suggesting a novel potential therapeutic target in CF. PMID:22038833
Disruption of cytokeratin-8 interaction with F508del-CFTR corrects its functional defect
Colas, Julien; Faure, Grazyna; Saussereau, Emilie; Trudel, StÈphanie; Rabeh, Wael M.; Bitam, Sara; Guerrera, Ida Chiara; Fritsch, Janine; Sermet-Gaudelus, Isabelle; Davezac, NoÎlie; Brouillard, Franck; Lukacs, Gergely L.; Herrmann, Harald; Ollero, Mario; Edelman, Aleksander
We have previously reported an increased expression of cytokeratins 8/18 (K8/K18) in cells expressing the F508del mutation of cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR). This is associated with increased colocalization of CFTR and K18 in the vicinity of the endoplasmic reticulum, although this is reversed by treating cells with curcumin, resulting in the rescue of F508del-CFTR. In the present work, we hypothesized that (i) the K8/K18 network may interact physically with CFTR, and that (ii) this interaction may modify CFTR function. CFTR was immunoprecipitated from HeLa cells transfected with either wild-type (WT) CFTR or F508del-CFTR. Precipitates were subjected to 2D-gel electrophoresis and differential spots identified by mass spectrometry. K8 and K18 were found significantly increased in F508del-CFTR precipitates. Using surface plasmon resonance, we demonstrate that K8, but not K18, binds directly and preferentially to the F508del over the WT human NBD1 (nucleotide-binding domain-1). In vivo K8 interaction with F508del-CFTR was confirmed by proximity ligation assay in HeLa cells and in primary cultures of human respiratory epithelial cells. Ablation of K8 expression by siRNA in F508del-expressing HeLa cells led to the recovery of CFTR-dependent iodide efflux. Moreover, F508del-expressing mice topically treated with K8-siRNA showed restored nasal potential difference, equivalent to that of WT mice. These results show that disruption of F508del-CFTR and K8 interaction leads to the correction of the F508del-CFTR processing defect, suggesting a novel potential therapeutic target in CF. PMID:22038833
[History of Instituto Nacional de Salud Ocupacional del Peru].
Cossio-Brazzan, Juan M
In Peru, the industry's development has made economic improvements but at the same time, it has had a major impact on the health of the workers; for that reason, it was necessary to generate control mechanisms. So, in 1940 it was created the Departmento de Higiene Industrial, which in 1956 was changed to Instituto de Salud Ocupacional, but it was deactivated in 1994. However, in 2001 it reappeared into the Ministerio de Salud organizational structure with the name of Instituto de Salud Ocupacional "Alberto Hurtado Abadía". Actually, it is the Centro Nacional de Salud Ocupacional y Protección del Ambiente para la Salud (CENSOPAS), organ of the Instituto Nacional de Salud which continues working in synergy with other institutions and sectors, making research to protect the health of exposed persons (workers and community) to contamination and risks associated with economic activities. PMID:22858781
Clean cities: Award winning coalition -- Paso del Norte
O'Connor, K.
Designated the 41st Clean Cities coalition in November 1995, the Paso del Norte Clean Cities Coalition (PDNCCC) is the first in the country to gain international participation. Spanning the US-Mexico border; the coalition includes stakeholders from El Paso, Texas; Ciudad Juarez, Mexico; and Las Cruces, New Mexico. PDNCCC developed a comprehensive plan to jump-start its program place, alternative fuel vehicles (AFVs) on the road, and eliminate barriers inhibiting alternative fuel market growth. PDNCC raised more than $2.3 million for alternative fuel activities and clean air initiatives in less than 26 months. In 1998, the US Department of Energy (DOE) recognized that PDNCCC accomplishment with its Rainmaker Award for leveraging the most funds from outside sources. PDNCCC is proud of its efforts to drive the alternative fuels and AFV market in the El Paso/Juarez region.
Energy integrated farm system: Del Valle Hog Farm
Not Available
The Del Valle Hog Farm, a Texas hog farm with grain crops, is designed to conserve energy through methane generation, alcohol production, and efficient use of electrical energy. The integrated energy concepts to be demonstrated are: methane generation from swine manure to produce electricity and heat for alcohol fermentation and distillation and to produce hot water for heating the digester reactors and the hog feeding pens; and alcohol production from milo and distillation of 170 proof alcohol by use of methane and generated electricity. Specific energy technologies to be implemented are: anaerobic digester; gas compressors to store methane for peak demands; engine generator powered by methane; waste-heat exchanger on engine generator to produce hot water; continuous-process alcohol facility to produce 24 gal/day; and crop management.
Spatially Controlled Fe Isotope Variations at Torres del Paine
NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)
Gajos, N.; Lundstrom, C.
Recent advances in mass-spectrometry have identified systematic trends of non-traditional stable isotope variation in igneous rocks with differentiation index. We present new Fe isotope data for the Torres del Paine igneous complex in southern Chile. The multi-composition pluton consists of a 1 km vertical exposure of homogenous granite overlying a contemporaneous and possibly cogenetic 0.5 km mafic gabbro suite. Whereas previous isotopic investigations do little to address variations across important magmatic contacts, this study focuses on a first-of-its-kind spatially dependent non-traditional stable isotope investigation of an igneous pluton. Samples were collected at Torres del Paine in spatially significant transects, focusing on major contacts between country rock, granite and mafic units. Results collected by bracketed double spike MC-ICP-MS (2s precision of ◊0.03) show an increase in ?56Fe towards the high silica margins of the pluton with values as high as ?56Fe 0.36. Additionally, the data show a decrease in ?56Fe toward the mafic center of the pluton with ?56Fe values ranging from ?56Fe -0.05 to 0.18. Samples collected on the contact between the granite and mafic complex show intermediate values of ?56Fe= 0.18(◊) 0.03. Country rock samples in contact with granite show an isotopically light signature of ?56Fe=0.04 (◊) 0.03. Analysis of 50 samples in total show a trend of increasing ?56Fe with SiO2 content. The process responsible for Fe isotope variations remains debated but is suggested to reflect four mechanisms: (1) crustal assimilation, (2) fractional crystallization, (3) late stage fluid exsolution [1] and (4) thermal migration [3]. Preliminary results show that mechanisms #1 and #2 would produce isotopic signatures opposite of those seen at Torres del Paine and other plutonic rocks. Isotopically light Torres country rock samples reveal that assimilation of rocks would not produce the isotopically heavy granites seen at Torres. Based on experimental results [1] fractional crystallization involving magnetite-melt fractionation should produce isotopically light melts, contrary to the isotopic signature seen in Torres. On the other hand, magnetite-fluid experiments show that late-stage fluid exsolution in plutons has the potential to produce isotopic signatures similar to Torres del Paine [1]. However, the amount of fractionation is highly dependent on the amount of Fe saturated in the fluid. The fractionation trend of Fe is also consistent with thermal migration experiments [3]. The spatial partitioning of heavy Fe at the felsic margins of the pluton and light Fe at the mafic base of the pluton is also consistent with this mechanism. The co-variation with other non-traditional stable isotope systems provides a crucial test to assessing the effects of thermal migration. [1] Belinker et al. (2012) AGU Meeting Abstract. [2] Heimann A. et al. (2008) GCA 72, 4379-4396.[3] Lundstrom (2009) GCA 73, 5709-5729.
Circular structures of Bajada del Diablo (Argentina): geophysical signatures
NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)
Prezzi, C. B.; Orgeira, M. J.; Martinez, O.; Acevedo, R. D.; Ponce, F.; Goldmann, G.; Magneres, I.; Rabassa, J.
Bajada del Diablo is located in the Northern Patagonian Massif, Chubut, Argentina. The study area includes several circular structures found in Miocene olivine basalts of the Quiñelaf Eruptive Complex and in the Late Pliocene/Early Pleistocene Pampa Sastre conglomerates. An impact origin has been proposed for these circular structures. With the aim of further investigate the proposed impact origin, topographic, gravimetric, magnetic, resistivity, paleomagnetic and electromagnetic surveys in two circular structures ("8" and "G") located in Pampa Sastre conglomerates and in basalts of the Quiñelaf Eruptive Complex were carried out. The new geophysical results support the hypothesis of an impact origin. However, the confirmation of such an origin through the findings of shock metamorphism evidences and/or the recovery of meteorites remains elusive.
Ozone studies in the Paso del Norte region
NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)
Becerra-Davila, Fernando
The Paso del Norte region forms the largest contiguous bi-national conglomerate on the US-Mexico border. With a combined population of around 2 million inhabitants, the Paso del Norte region is isolated, more than 500 km away from the nearest urban area of comparable size, thus making it an ideal location for air quality studies of an isolated urban environment. The meteorological conditions leading to a high ozone episode in this region, such as the historical ozone episode of June 2006, are analyzed. It is well known that stagnation and minimal winds, high temperatures, and pressure ridges over the region are conducive to high ozone episodes. In addition, the planetary boundary height is studied to understand its impact on high ozone episodes. Several studies report that ground level ozone non-attainment regulations could be caused not only by local emissions, but also by atmospheric transport. In this work the atmospheric advection of pollutants into the region is analyzed using HYSPLIT backward trajectories. Furthermore, a novel backward trajectory clustering technique is implemented for the summer of 2006. The "ozone weekend effect" (OWE) is a phenomenon by which in some geographical regions ambient ozone concentrations tend to be higher on weekends than on weekdays, despite the lower emissions of ozone precursors during those days. The observed local OWE has never previously been studied in terms of the photolysis rates of four of the main ozone precursors. In this research a novel method that allows the calculation of actinic fluxes, photolysis frequencies and photolysis rates with a high degree of accuracy and reliability has been developed. This method utilizes a combination of the experimental data available for this region in conjunction with a radiative transfer model (TUV model). Three weekend-weekday cases during summers 2006, 2009 and 2010 are studied in this work. In this research, the photolysis impact on the local OWE is studied. The results obtained from this photolysis study demonstrate that the local ground level ozone formation is not only influenced by the strong solar radiation and changing aerosol makeup, but also by other heterogeneous factors and reactions. In addition, this research provided good evidence that the ground level ozone precursor regime in El Paso during the ozone episode of June 2006 was mostly VOC-limited. Much of this estimation was derived from measurements of local ambient VOC/NOx ratios. This finding shows that at least during June 2006, the non-linear surface ozone production increased during weekends compared to workdays in a habitually VOC-limited regime. The seasonal variations of columnar ozone as measured by a Multi-filter Rotating Shadowband instrument installed at the UTEP campus are analyzed for the first time for this region and results are presented. This investigation has addressed the problem of ground-level ozone formation in the Paso del Norte region. Urban ozone is a complex problem with many aspects that are not fully understood. In this investigation, a range of techniques has been used to address the study of local surface ozone episodes with the purpose of acquiring new insights and knowledge that will help understand and remediate the diverse atmospheric pollution events that affect this bi-national region recurrently. Innovative techniques were developed and used, ranging from the use of local ambient atmospheric pollution data to the utilization of complex modeling techniques to achieve the best possible computer results. Finally, the influence of ground level ozone concentrations in admissions to hospitals for this region due to respiratory diseases is analyzed. The comprehensive results obtained in this work will help to better understand ozone formation in the Paso del Norte Region for future policy regulation implementations.
Near-IR Photometry of Nova Del 2013
NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)
Cass, C. A.; Carlon, L. R.; Corgan, T. D.; Dykhoff, A. D.; Gehrz, D. R.; Shenoy, P. D.
Subjects: Infra-Red, Nova We report Near-IR photometry of Nova Del 2013 taken with the 0.76-m infrared telescope at the University of Minnesota's O'Brien Observatory (Marine on St. Croix, Minnesota, USA). RIJHKLM photometry were obtained on August 21.17 and 23.13 UT using an AsSi bolometer. Vega (alpha Lyrae) was used as the standard star. Our photometry show: August 21.17 UT: R = 5.1 +/- 0.1, I = 4.6 +/- 0.1, J = 4.6 +/- 0.1, H = 4.1 +/- 0.1, K = 3.9 +/- 0.1, L = 2.7 +/- 0.2, M = +2.2 +/- 0.2.
Renewable energy load assessment for Boquillas Del Carmen Coahuila, Mexico
Foster, R.
This report outlines the estimates that were made in 1992 of the potential load requirements for Boquillas del Carmen, a small Mexican village on the northern border of the state of Coahuila, Mexico near Big Bend National Park in southern Texas. The study was made to help determine the possibility that village might be electrified by solar or wind energy. Various estimates of are given of the potential load based on estimates ranging from basic use of lights, radio, television, and small household appliances to microwave ovens, refrigerators, and direct evaporative coolers. The low-energy consumption case was estimated to be at 23.0 kWh/month per residence per month, and the high-energy consumption case (with cooling) was 140.7 kWh/month per residence. On average, the typical residence is occupied by five individuals.
Isotope hydrology of groundwaters in the Pampa del Tamarugal, Chile
NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)
Fritz, P.; Suzuki, O.; Silva, C.; Salati, E.
The water resources in northern Chile are extremely scarce and development is limited by this. This paper discusses the isotope hydrology of groundwaters in the Pampa del Tamarugal ó an area of extreme aridity (rainfall < 1 mm/yr.) ó whose groundwater resources are mined for the town of Iquique, as well as for industrial and agricultural purposes. The aim of the project was to obtain information on modern recharge and to delineate, if possible recharge environments. To obtain the necessary background information a precipitation survey in the high Andes, as well as spring- and surface-water studies were carried out. The results show that a well-defined meteoric water line exists where ? 2H = (7.8 ? 18O + 10.3)% , and altitude effects depend on air-mass movements and cannot be defined without a broader regional and detailed sampling programme. However, it is still possible to assign maximum altitudes of recharge to springs in the Andes and at the eastern border of the Pampa del Tamarugal. Comparison of these data with groundwater compositions show, that these groundwaters originate from infiltrating surface water rather than directly infiltrated precipitation. A dependence of individual groundwater systems on specific quebradas (river valleys) is recognized. However, low 14C activities indicate that most of the waters pumped today are fossil and at least several hundreds if not thousands of years old. Some minor subsurface recharge does occur at the foot of the Andes, especially at Pica where high-altitude waters discharge, but even there groundwater appears to be a diminishing resource.
The hydrothermal system of Nevado del Ruiz Volcano, Colombia
Lopez, D.A.L.
Nevado del Ruiz is an andesitic stratovolcano located 150 km northwest of Bogota, Columbia characterized by a large hydrothermal system with two very distinctive types of water: acid sulfate waters, and bicarbonate and neutral chloride waters. The waters within each group fall in well-defined lines on compositional cross plots with an apparent lack of mixing between the two water types. The acid sulfate waters appear to be related to the north-west striking and seismically active Villamaria-Termales fault. The neutral chloride waters are clustered to the west and south-east of the volcano. The bicarbonate waters are more widespread. Several hydrothermally-altered samples from Nevado del Ruiz volcano hydrothermal system were analyzed using X-ray diffraction techniques. It was possible to distinguish two sets of mineral assemblages which correspond to the two water types. The acid sulfate waters produce cristobalite, sulfates, hematite or pyrite, sulfur and minor amounts of trydimite, kaolinite, smectite, and illite. The alteration products at the neutral chloride and bicarbonate waters include mainly carbonates and cristobalite. Simulation of the reaction between the hydrothermal fluids and the basaltic andesites of the lower volcanic units at Ruiz using the computer program CHILLER yielded mineral assemblages which are consistent with the observed alteration mineralogy. High chloride and sulfate concentrations, and helium and sulfur isotopes suggest that the acid sulfate waters have an important magmatic contribution. The composition of the neutral chloride an bicarbonate waters suggests mineral equilibria with feldspars and carbonates. Both types of waters appear to be the product of mixing of high salinity end members with different proportions of meteoric water. Linear variations in composition of the gases discharged at Ruiz suggested that the gas phase also represents mixing. Faults and contacts play a key role in the circulation of fluids at Ruiz.
Volcanic hazard maps of the Nevado del Ruiz volcano, Colombia
NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)
Parra, Eduardo; Cepeda, Hector
Although the potential hazards associated with an eruption of Nevado del Ruiz volcano were known to civil authorities before the catastrophic eruption there in November 1985, their low perception of risk and the long quiescent period since the last eruption (140 years), caused them to wait for stronger activity before developing an eruption alert system. Unfortunately, the eruption occurred suddenly after a period of relative quiet, and as a result more than 25,000 people were killed. Although it was accurate and reasonably comprehensive, the hazard map that existed before the eruption was poorly understood by the authorities and even less so by the general population, because the scientific terminology and probabilistic approach to natural hazards were unfamiliar to many of them. This confusion was shared by the communication media, which at critical times placed undue emphasis on the possibility of lava flows rather than on the more imminent threat from mudflows, in keeping with the popular but often inaccurate perception of volcanic eruptions. This work presents an updated hazard map of Nevado del Ruiz that combines information on various hazardous phenomena with their relative probability of occurrence in order to depict numerical "hazard levels" that are easily comprehensible to nonspecialists and therefore less susceptible to misinterpretation. The scale of relative risk is arbitrary, ranging from five to one, and is intended to provide an intuitive indication of danger to people, property and crops. The map is meant to facilitate emergency preparedness and management by political and civil authorities, to educate the public concerning volcanic hazards and to assist in land-use planning decisions.
Instant√°nea de los c√°nceres de cerebro y del sistema nervioso central
Información sobre las tendencias de incidencia, mortalidad y financiamiento del NCI sobre los cánceres de cerebro y del sistema nervioso central; así como ejemplos de actividades del NCI y adelantos en la investigación de estos tipos de cáncer.
DEL-1 restrains osteoclastogenesis and inhibits inflammatory bone loss in nonhuman primates.
Shin, Jieun; Maekawa, Tomoki; Abe, Toshiharu; Hajishengallis, Evlambia; Hosur, Kavita; Pyaram, Kalyani; Mitroulis, Ioannis; Chavakis, Triantafyllos; Hajishengallis, George
DEL-1 (developmental endothelial locus-1) is an endothelial cell-secreted protein that regulates LFA-1 (lymphocyte function-associated antigen-1) integrin-dependent leukocyte recruitment and inflammation in various tissues. We identified a novel regulatory mechanism of DEL-1 in osteoclast biology. Specifically, we showed that DEL-1 is expressed by human and mouse osteoclasts and regulates their differentiation and resorptive function. Mechanistically, DEL-1 inhibited the expression of NFATc1, a master regulator of osteoclastogenesis, in a Mac-1 integrin-dependent manner. In vivo mechanistic analysis has dissociated the anti-inflammatory from the anti-bone-resorptive action of DEL-1 and identified structural components thereof mediating these distinct functions. Locally administered human DEL-1 blocked inflammatory periodontal bone loss in nonhuman primates-a relevant model of human periodontitis. The ability of DEL-1 to regulate both upstream (inflammatory cell recruitment) and downstream (osteoclastogenesis) events that lead to inflammatory bone loss paves the way to a new class of endogenous therapeutics for treating periodontitis and perhaps other inflammatory disorders. PMID:26424570
Observaciones del CH interestelar y el continuo en 3,3 GHz
NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)
Olano, C. A.; Combi, J. A.; Pˆppel, W.; Benaglia, P.; Sanz, A. J.; Bava, J. A.
Se informa sobre el proyecto que se lleva a cabo en el IAR con el propÛsito de observar las lÌneas hiperfinas del estado fundamental del CH y el continuo en la banda de 3,3 GHz. El nuevo receptor construÌdo en nuestro laboratorio para tal fin se instalÛ sobre uno de los radiotelescopios, funcionando conjuntamente con los sistemas de procesamiento actuales del IAR. Los resultados de las primeras observaciones, realizadas tanto en las lÌneas espectrales como en el continuo sobre fuentes conocidas, fueron satisfactorios.
Spatial shell structure of the novas DQ Her and HR Del
Pilyogin, L.S.
This paper considers the formation of the spatial shell structure of the novas DQ Her (1934) and HR Del (1967). It is shown that the existence of polar caps is due to the influence of the second component of the system on the angular distribution of the mass shell depth of the mainshell. The ratio of the mass shell depth in the equatorial ring and in the polar caps is 1.13 for DQ Her and 2.7 for HR Del. The ratio of the maximal densities in the equatorial ring and the polar caps is of order 3 for DQ Her and of order 70 for HR Del.
Resultados del relevamiento de HI en el Cielo Austral: 3. Relevamiento de Nubes de Alta Velocidad
NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)
Morras, R.; Bajaja, E.; Arnal, E. M.; Pˆppel, W. G. L.
Los resultados del relevamiento de HI del Hemisferio Austral fueron reprocesados con el fin de incrementar su sensibilidad. AsÌ, se utilizÛ esta nueva base de datos con el fin de obtener un nuevo relevamiento de Nubes de Alta Velocidad en el cielo austral. El ruido r.m.s. alcanzado es de 0.015-0.020 K, con una resoluciÛn espectral de 8 km/seg. El cubrimiento espacial del relevamiento mejora en un factor 16 al realizado por Bajaja et al (1985).
Resumen El rastreo de cáncer colorrectal (CCR) cuenta con fuertes evidencias en su favor. Datos preliminares indican que a pesar de ello no se lleva a cabo con la frecuencia adecuada. Se intenta aquí determinar, dentro de un Sistema de Salud que cuenta con los recursos necesarios, los elementos que facilitan o generan barreras para concretar esta práctica preventiva, cuántos individuos lo ponen en práctica y qué predice esta conducta. Se realizó una encuesta telefónica a los afiliados de una Obra Social de empleados de la Universidad de Buenos Aires, de los que 132 completaron el cuestionario (tasa de respuesta 70%). Los elementos considerados facilitadores del rastreo obtuvieron respuestas afirmativas en el 64 a 97%, mientras que los que definían barreras un 11 a 27%. En este último grupo, una categoría diferenciada la constituía el miedo a los efectos adversos: 39%, y el sentimiento de vergüenza relacionado con los procedimientos: 30%. Un 33% de los encuestados tenían hecho un método de rastreo, mayoritariamente de sangre oculta (27), sigmoideoscopía (11) y colonoscopía (20). Una mayoría afirmó que "se haría el procedimiento si el médico se lo recomendara" (95%), o "no se lo haría excepto que su médico se lo aconseje" (87%). Contestar afirmativamente que "los médicos hacen lo mejor para los pacientes" se asoció con haberse hecho un método de rastreo de CCR, OR 1.55 (IC 95%: 1.02-2.37) p: 0.04. El grupo de individuos estudiado parece bien predispuesto para el rastreo del CCR, la recomendación médica sería aquí un determinante prominente para ponerlo en práctica. PMID:19414294
Paso del Norte ozone study VOC measurements, 1996
Seila, R.L.; Main, H.; Arriaga, J.L.; Martinez, G.V.; Ramadan, A.B.
The results of VOC determinations of ambient air samples collected at surface air quality monitoring sites and near sources of interest on the US and Mexican side of the border during six weeks of the 1996 Paso del Norte Ozone Study are reported. Carbonyl samples were collected on DNPH impregnated cartridges at three surface sites and analyzed by HPLC to quantify 13, C-1 to C-8 species. Whole air samples were collected in electro-polished stainless steel canisters which were returned to laboratory for determination of C-2 to C-10+ hydrocarbons by cryogenic preconcentration capillary gas chromatography with flame ionization detection (gc-fid). Several sources were sampled: rush hour traffic, propane-powered bus exhaust, automobile paint shop emissions, propane fuel, petroleum refinery, and industrial manufacturing site. Spatial and temporal characteristics of VOC species concentrations and compositions are presented. Overall surface TNMOC values ranged from 0.1 to 3.4 ppmC with the highest concentrations recorded in the morning at three vehicle-dominated sites, two in Cuidad Juarez and one in downtown El Paso. Toluene in El Paso samples and propane, which is used as a cooking and transportation fuel in Cuidad Juarez, were the most abundant hydrocarbons.
Paso del Norte ozone study VOC measurements, 1996
Seila, R.L.; Main, H.; Arriaga, J.L.; Martinez, G.V.; Ramadan, A.B.
The results of VOC determinations of ambient air samples collected at surface air quality monitoring sites and near sources of interest on the US and Mexican side of the border during six weeks of the 1996 Paso del Norte Ozone Study are reported. Carbonyl samples were collected on DNPH impregnated cartridges at three surface sites and analyzed by HPLC to quantify 13, C-1 to C-8 species. Whole air samples were collected in electro-polished stainless steel canisters which were returned to laboratory for determination of C-2 to C-10+ hydrocarbons by cryogenic preconcentration capillary gas chromatography with flame ionization detection (gc-fid). Several sources were sampled: rush hour traffic, propane-powered bus exhaust, automobile paint shop emissions, propane fuel, petroleum refinery, and industrial manufacturing site. Spatial and temporal characteristics of VOC species concentrations and compositions are presented. Overall surface TNMOC values ranged from 0.1 to 3.4 ppmC with the highest concentrations recorded in the morning at three vehicle-dominated sites, two in Cuidad Juarez and one in downtown El Paso. Toluene in El Paso samples and propane, which is used as a cooking and transportation fuel in Cuidad Juarez, were the most abundant hydrocarbons.
Status and perspectives of the INFN Laboratori Nazionali del Sud
NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)
Lattuada, M.
The nuclear research carried out at the Laboratori Nazionali del Sud is mainly based on two ion accelerators, a 15 MV Tandem and a K800 superconductive cyclotron. The large variety of stable and radioactive beams produced and their wide energy range, together with the availability of high performance detection systems, allow for experimental research in the fields of the nuclear structure, reaction mechanisms and nuclear astrophysics. A continuous upgrading of the beam production and detection facilities is performed to mantain the role of the LNS in the panorama of the European nuclear laboratories. In addition the research activity in astroparticle physics led to the construction of two underwater laboratories in front of the Sicilian coast. They allow to check and validate submarine technologies in view of the realization of the European project KM3NeT, consisting in the installation of an observatory for high energy cosmic neutrinos in deep sea. All these experimental resources also represent formidable tools for applied researches that cover multidisciplinary fields concerning proton therapy, cultural heritage, seismology, environmental sciences and many others.
Seismicity following the 1985 eruption of Nevado del Ruiz, Colombia
Zollweg, J.E.
Over 200 of the best-recorded earthquakes occurring near Nevado del Ruiz, Colombia, between December 1985 and May 1986 are examined for spatial patterns, information on local stress orientations, and evidence for seismogenic structures that may be related to magma-transport processes. These earthquakes occurred following the devastating eruption of November 13, 1985. Earthquake activity that is probably related to the volcanic system occurs over a large area, of the order of 50 km2. A pattern of earthquakes beneath the southern half of Ruiz may be the expression of a conduit system, but evidence is inconclusive due to low spatial resolution of most hypocenters. Epicenter and first-motion plots suggest most earthquakes occur on small faults of varying orientation. Most seismicity during this time period was unrelated to mapped faults, including some with Holocene offsets, except for the Villamaria Fault near Ruiz's northeast sector. Composite focal mechanisms show a variation of nearly 90?? in the strike of T-axes and indicate Ruiz is in a zone of local extension. ?? 1990.
90. Paso Del Norte Hotel, 115117 South El Paso St.,east ...
Library of Congress Historic Buildings Survey, Historic Engineering Record, Historic Landscapes Survey
90. Paso Del Norte Hotel, 115-117 South El Paso St.,east facade, west side of street - South El Paso Street Historic District, South El Paso, South Oregon & South Santa Fe Streets, El Paso, El Paso County, TX
MediciÛn de densidades medias de meteoritos: test del mÈtodo de inmersiÛn
NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)
Steren, G.
Se evaluÛ una tÈcnica simple para medir las densidades medias de meteoritos, basada en el MÈtodo de ArquÌmedes y que utiliza cuentas de vidrio de 40? en lugar de un fluÌdo esto presenta la ventaja de no ser intrusivo ni quÌmicamente reactivo (D.Britt and G.Consolmagno, 1996, B.A.A.S.28,1106). El estudio, realizado en junio de este aÒo por participantes de la VI Escuela de Verano del Observatorio del Vaticano, empleÛ 37 muestras de la colecciÛn del Observatorio del Vaticano, de las cuales 26 eran Condritas, 1 Pallasita y 1 Howardita; algunas de ellas ya habian sido estudiadas por otras tÈcnicas aunque tambiÈn se incluyeron muestras no estudiadas anteriormente.
The DEL1 mutator gene in Saccharomyces cerevisiae does not act in trans.
Picologlou, S; Liebman, S W
DEL1 strains of the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae exhibit a high rate of deletions of the three linked genes, CYC1, OSM1, and RAD7. Classical genetic methods showed that DEL1 segregated as a single Mendelian gene closely linked to CYC1. In addition, genetic evidence suggested that DEL1 was both cis- and trans-dominant (Liebman et al. 1979). Molecular analysis of deletions isolated from a haploid DEL1 strain established that deletion formation was mediated by recombination between yeast transposable elements, Ty's (Liebman et al. 1981). We now report the molecular characterization of deletions isolated from diploids in the trans configuration. This analysis reveals that these deletions probably arose in a two-step process involving mitotic recombination followed by Ty-mediated deletion formation in cis. PMID:2836088
QuÈ es la medicina de precisiÛn en el tratamiento del c·ncer
InformaciÛn sobre el papel que tiene la medicina de precisiÛn en el tratamiento del c·ncer. Incluye cÛmo se identifican los cambios genÈticos en el c·ncer de una persona y pueden usarse para seleccionar tratamientos con m·s probabilidad de ayudarle.
Mini-mastoidectomÌa para anastomosis hipogloso-facial con secciÛn parcial del nervio hipogloso
Campero, ¡lvaro; Ajler, Pablo; Socolovsky, Mariano; Martins, Carolina; Rhoton, Albert
IntroducciÛn: La anastomosis hipogloso-facial es la tÈcnica de elecciÛn para la reparaciÛn de la par·lisis facial cuando no se dispone de un cabo proximal sano del nervio facial. La tÈcnica de anastomosis mediante fresado mastoideo y secciÛn parcial del hipogloso minimiza la atrofia lingual sin sacrificar resultados a nivel facial. MÈtodo: La porciÛn mastoidea del nervio facial transcurre por la pared anterior de la AM, a un promedio de 18+/-3 mm de profundidad respecto de la pared lateral. Se debe reconocer la cresta supramastoidea, desde la cual se marca una lÌnea vertical paralela al eje mayor de la AM, 1 cm por detr·s de la pared posterior del CAE El fresado se comienza desde la lÌnea medio mastoidea hasta la pared posterior del CAE. Una vez encontrado el nervio facial en el tercio medio del canal mastoideo, el mismo es seguido hacia proximal y distal. Resultados: El abordaje descripto permite acceder al nervio facial intratemporal en su porciÛn mastoidea, y efectuar un fresado Ûseo sin poner en riesgo al nervio o a estructuras vasculares cercanas. Se trata de un procedimiento tÈcnicamente m·s sencillo que los abordajes amplios habitualmente utilizados al hueso temporal; no obstante su uso debe ser restringido mayormente a la anastomosis hipogloso-facial. ConclusiÛn: Esta es una tÈcnica relativamente sencilla, que puede ser reproducida por cirujanos sin mayor experiencia en el tema, luego de su paso por el laboratorio de anatomÌa. PMID:23596555
Unravelling druggable signalling networks that control F508del-CFTR proteostasis.
Hegde, Ramanath Narayana; Parashuraman, Seetharaman; Iorio, Francesco; Ciciriello, Fabiana; Capuani, Fabrizio; Carissimo, Annamaria; Carrella, Diego; Belcastro, Vincenzo; Subramanian, Advait; Bounti, Laura; Persico, Maria; Carlile, Graeme; Galietta, Luis; Thomas, David Y; Di Bernardo, Diego; Luini, Alberto
Cystic fibrosis (CF) is caused by mutations in CF transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR). The most frequent mutation (F508del-CFTR) results in altered proteostasis, that is, in the misfolding and intracellular degradation of the protein. The F508del-CFTR proteostasis machinery and its homeostatic regulation are well studied, while the question whether 'classical' signalling pathways and phosphorylation cascades might control proteostasis remains barely explored. Here, we have unravelled signalling cascades acting selectively on the F508del-CFTR folding-trafficking defects by analysing the mechanisms of action of F508del-CFTR proteostasis regulator drugs through an approach based on transcriptional profiling followed by deconvolution of their gene signatures. Targeting multiple components of these signalling pathways resulted in potent and specific correction of F508del-CFTR proteostasis and in synergy with pharmacochaperones. These results provide new insights into the physiology of cellular proteostasis and a rational basis for developing effective pharmacological correctors of the F508del-CFTR defect. PMID:26701908
CHEK2 c.1100delC allele is rarely identified in Greek breast cancer cases.
Apostolou, Paraskevi; Fostira, Florentia; Papamentzelopoulou, Myrto; Michelli, Maria; Panopoulos, Christos; Fountzilas, George; Konstantopoulou, Irene; Voutsinas, Gerassimos E; Yannoukakos, Drakoulis
The CHEK2 gene encodes a protein kinase that plays a crucial role in maintenance of genomic integrity and the DNA repair mechanism. CHEK2 germline mutations are associated with increased risk of breast cancer and other malignancies. From a clinical perspective, the most significant mutation identified is the c.1100delC mutation, which is associated with an approximately 25% lifetime breast cancer risk. The distribution of this mutation shows wide geographical variation; it is more prevalent in the Northern European countries and less common, or even absent, in Southern Europe. In order to estimate the frequency of the CHEK2 c.1100delC mutation in Greek breast cancer patients, we genotyped 2,449 patients (2,408 females and 41 males), which was the largest series ever tested for c.1100delC. The mean age of female and male breast cancer diagnosis was 49 and 59¬Ýyears, respectively. All patients had previously tested negative for the Greek BRCA1 founder and recurrent mutations. The CHEK2 c.1100delC mutation was detected in 0.16% (4 of 2,408) of females, all of whom were diagnosed with breast cancer before the age of 50¬Ýyears. Only one c.1100delC carrier was reported with breast cancer family history. The present study indicates that the CHEK2 c.1100delC mutation does not contribute substantially to hereditary breast cancer in patients of Greek descent. PMID:25835597
Targeting F508del-CFTR to develop rational new therapies for cystic fibrosis
Cai, Zhi-wei; Liu, Jia; Li, Hong-yu; Sheppard, David N
The mutation F508del is the commonest cause of the genetic disease cystic fibrosis (CF). CF disrupts the function of many organs in the body, most notably the lungs, by perturbing salt and water transport across epithelial surfaces. F508del causes harm in two principal ways. First, the mutation prevents delivery of the cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) to its correct cellular location, the apical (lumen-facing) membrane of epithelial cells. Second, F508del perturbs the Cl'àí channel function of CFTR by disrupting channel gating. Here, we discuss the development of rational new therapies for CF that target F508del-CFTR. We highlight how structural studies provide new insight into the role of F508 in the regulation of channel gating by cycles of ATP binding and hydrolysis. We emphasize the use of high-throughput screening to identify lead compounds for therapy development. These compounds include CFTR correctors that restore the expression of F508del-CFTR at the apical membrane of epithelial cells and CFTR potentiators that rescue the F508del-CFTR gating defect. Initial results from clinical trials of CFTR correctors and potentiators augur well for the development of small molecule therapies that target the root cause of CF: mutations in CFTR. PMID:21642944
1996 Paso del Norte ozone study VOC measurements
Seila, R.L.; Main, H.; Arriaga, J.L.; Martinez, G.; Ramadan, A.B.
Ambient air VOC samples were collected at surface air quality monitoring sites, near sources of interest, and aloft on the US and Mexican side of the border during a six week period of the 1996 Paso del Norte Ozone Study. On nine intensive operations (IOP) days, when high ozone concentrations were forecast, five 2-hr samples were collected at five IOP sites, three on the US side and two on the Mexican side. Six special survey sites on the US side and two on the Mexican side were sampled to characterize up-wind, down-wind and other emissions. In Ciudad Juarez, rush hour traffic, propane-powered bus exhaust, automobile paint shop emissions, propane and butane fuels, and an industrial manufacturing site were sampled. Carbonyl samples were collected at three surface sites. Carbonyl and canister grab samples were also collected during aircraft and hot air balloon flights. Most of the hydrocarbon samples were collected in electro-polished stainless steel canisters which were returned to laboratories for determination of C-2 to C-10+ hydrocarbons by cryogenic preconcentration GC-FID. The carbonyl samples were collected on DNPH impregnated C-18 Sep-Pak cartridges and analyzed by HPLC to quantify 13, C-1 to C-8 species. This paper presents the spatial and temporal characteristics of VOC species concentrations and compositions to examine the differences and similarities of the various locations and time periods. Overall surface TNMOC values ranged from 0.1 to 3.4 ppmC with the highest concentrations being recorded in the morning at three vehicle-dominated sites, two in Ciudad Juarez and one in downtown El Paso. Toluene in El Paso samples and propane, which is used as a cooking and transportation fuel in Ciudad Juarez, were the most abundant hydrocarbons. The most abundant carbonyls were acetaldehyde and acetone.
Bidimensional spectroscopy of HR Del shell with GMOS-IFU
NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)
Augusto, A.; Diaz, M.
The slow and bright classical nova HR Del 1967 was observed in the optical using GEMINI-NORTH GMOS-IFU in 2002 with a spectral range from 0.4 μm to 1 μm, a resolution of ˜ 300 km/s, and spatial resolution of ˜ 0''.5. Line intensity maps were obtained for Hα +[NII], [OIII] 5007, Hβ and helium lines. The shell showed a bipolar and clumped structure resembling the shell observed in 1998 (Harman and O'Brien 2003). The [OIII] 5007 map showed seven bright knots. Models of the central source, shell and knots spectra were performed using CLOUDY 94 (Ferland et al. 1998) and RA3D (Diaz 2001). Central source spectra were best fitted with a T_{eff} = 60000 K, log(g) = 6 and log(L_*) = 36.6 Rauch atmosphere model. Shell H-density law was modeled using a power law with α parameter -1.2 and mass = 4.1 × 10^{-4} M_⊙. The knots spectra were fitted as gaussian condensations with ˜ 50000cm^{-3} peak H-density and ˜ 20000cm^{-3} average H-density. HeII 4686 emission was found in the knots. The HeII origin is atributted to projected emission from diffuse matter in front of the knots, hypothesis corroborated by about the same HeII intensity observed outside the knots. Physical parameters of the condensations were obtained from our analysis and helium abundances were recalculated. A peak density contrast N/N_S = 270 was found when compared to the medium outside the knots. Electron temperatures ˜ 9500 K, electron densities ˜ 20000cm^{-3} and helium number abundance ˜ 0.2 were derived. Our results showed a constant helium abundance within a narrow radius range which is consistent with impulsive ejection (Kato and Hachisu 1994).
El uso de la neuromodulación para el tratamiento del temblor
Bendersky, Dami√°n; Ajler, Pablo; Yampolsky, Claudio
Introducción: El temblor puede ser un desorden incapacitante y el tratamiento de primera línea para estos pacientes es farmacológico. Sin embargo, este tratamiento puede llevar a una reducción satisfactoria del temblor en sólo el 50% de los pacientes con temblor esencial. La talamotomía era el tratamiento de elección para el temblor refractario al tratamiento médico hasta que comenzó a utilizarse la estimulación cerebral profunda (ECP) del núcleo ventral intermedio (Vim) del tálamo. En la actualidad, raramente se realiza la talamotomía. Métodos: Este artículo es una revisión no sistemática de las indicaciones, resultados, parámetros de programación y técnica quirúrgica de la ECP del Vim para el tratamiento del temblor. Resultados: Aunque los resultados clínicos son similares usando la talamotomía o la ECP del Vim, la primera causa más efectos adversos que la última. Además, la ECP puede ser usada bilateralmente, mientras que la talamotomía tiene un alto riesgo de causar disartria cuando se realiza de ambos lados. La ECP del Vim logró una adecuada mejoría del temblor en varias series de pacientes con temblor causado por temblor esencial, enfermedad de Parkinson o esclerosis múltiple. Además del Vim, hay otros blancos que están siendo usados por varios autores, tales como la zona incerta y las radiaciones prelemniscales. Conclusión: La ECP del Vim es un tratamiento útil para el temblor incapacitante refractario al tratamiento médico. Es esencial realizar una precisa selección de pacientes, así como utilizar una técnica quirúrgica correcta. Aún se desconoce el mejor blanco estereotáctico para el temblor, aunque el Vim es el más usado. PMID:25165613
Manipulating proteostasis to repair the F508del-CFTR defect in cystic fibrosis.
Esposito, Speranza; Tosco, Antonella; Villella, Valeria R; Raia, Valeria; Kroemer, Guido; Maiuri, Luigi
Cystic fibrosis (CF) is a lethal monogenic disease caused by mutations in the cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) gene that entails the (diagnostic) increase in sweat electrolyte concentrations, progressive lung disease with chronic inflammation and recurrent bacterial infections, pancreatic insufficiency, and male infertility. Therapies aimed at restoring the CFTR defect have emerged. Thus, a small molecule which facilitates chloride channel opening, the potentiator Ivacaftor, has been approved for the treatment of CF patients bearing a particular class of rare CFTR mutations. However, small molecules that directly target the most common misfolded CFTR mutant, F508del, and improve its intracellular trafficking in vitro, have been less effective than expected when tested in CF patients, even in combination with Ivacaftor. Thus, new strategies are required to circumvent the F508del-CFTR defect. Airway and intestinal epithelial cells from CF patients bearing the F508del-CFTR mutation exhibit an impressive derangement of cellular proteostasis, with oxidative stress, overactivation of the tissue transglutaminase (TG2), and disabled autophagy. Proteostasis regulators such as cysteamine can rescue and stabilize a functional F508del-CFTR protein through suppressing TG2 activation and restoring autophagy in vivo in F508del-CFTR homozygous mice, in vitro in CF patient-derived cell lines, ex vivo in freshly collected primary patient's nasal cells, as well as in a pilot clinical trial involving homozygous F508del-CFTR patients. Here, we discuss how the therapeutic normalization of defective proteostasis can be harnessed for the treatment of CF patients with the F508del-CFTR mutation. PMID:26976279
[Radiological percutaneous gastrostomy (GRP), 17 aÒos de experiencia, serie de casos del hospital Universitario Virgen del RocÌo].
Navarro FalcÛn, Magnolia Del Carmen; Parejo Campos, Juana; Pereira Cunill, JosÈ Luis; GarcÌa Luna, Pedro Pablo
When assessing a patient nutritional support the state of the gastrointestinal tract is the most important point to consider, whenever possible we should choose the enteral nutrition (EN) over parenteral nutrition (PN) and recognized by its various advantages. The percutaneous gastrostomy (GRP) were introduced in clinical practice as an alternative to surgical gastrostomy (GQ). The speed, simplicity, low cost, low morbidity and low mortality of these techniques has allowed its rapid development.The feeding tubes types used were the balloon-retained devices catheter, the pig tail and the ballon-retained with gastropexia (gastropexia). It is a retrospective study of all patients who were placed GPR in the Virgen del RocÌo University Hospital, Sevilla, between September 1996 and September 2013, which aims to study is to describe the characteristics of patients and the complications presented for different types of enteral feeding tubes used. GPR 186 were performed in 176 patients (135 males (76.70%), with an average duration of 303.6 days, the most frequent diseases were cancers of the head and neck 49.46%. The types of feeding tubes used were pigtail 118 (63.44%), balloon-retained devices 22 (11.83%), and gastropexia 46 (24.73%). The most common early complications in the pigtail group were early purulent exudate and early bleeding (2.5 and 3.4% respectively), while in the balloon catheter group the initial output of the probe was most frequent early complication (13.7%), none of these complications were observed in the group of gastropexy. The most common late complication was obstruction probe. The GPR is a safe technique with lower mortality of 1%; Low frequently of early and late complications. A better understanding of this technique can reduce the frequency of complications. PMID:25561125
High mountain soils and periglacial features at the Torres del Paine, National Park Torres del Paine, Chile.
NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)
Senra, Eduardo; Schaefer, Carlos; Simas, Felipe; Gjorup, Davi
The Torres del Paine National Park (TPNP) is located on the southern limit of the Andean Southern Ice Field, part of the Magallanes and Antartica Chilena region, in the province of Ultima Esperanza. The TPNP has a very heterogeneous climate due to orographic influence and wet air masses from the Pacific. The geology is basically Cretaceous metasedimentary rocks and Miocene granitic plutons and batholiths. We studied the main soils and geoenvironments of Mt Ferrier mountain and its surroundings, based on soils , landforms and vegetation aspects. The geoenvironmental stratification was based on the combined variation and integration of pedo-litho-geomorphological features with the vegetation. WE used detailed geological maps, a DEM and slope maps and WorlView II satellite images. Fifteen soils profiles were sampled and classified according to Soil Taxonomy (2010) at all genovironments, ranging from 50 m a.s.l to the at high plateau just below the permanent snowline, under periglacial conditions (~1004m asl). Three soil temperature and moisture monitoring sites were set, allowing for 24 consecutive months (2011 to 2013). Seven geoenvironments were identified with distinct soil and landform characteristics, all with a similar geological substrate. The landform and vegetation have a strong connection with the landscape dynamic, controlling erosional and depositional processes, resulting from glacier advances and retreats in the Late Quaternary. Wind blown materials is widespread, in the form of loess material, accumulating in the higher parts of the landscape. On the other hand, accumulation of organic matter in the water-saturated depressions is common in all altitudes. Generally the soils are acidic and dystrophic, with little exceptions. The following geoenvironments were identified: Periglacial Tundra, Loess slopes, Talus and scarpmentd, Fluvio-glacial terraces, Fluvio-lacustrine plains, Moraines and Paleodunes. The regional pedology show the occurrence of five soil orders (Soil Taxonomy, 2010): Histosols, Mollisols, Inceptsols, Entisols and Andisols.
Del(20q) in patients with chronic lymphocytic leukemia: A therapy-related abnormality involving lymphoid or myeloid cells
Yin, C. Cameron; Tang, Guilin; Lu, Gary; Feng, Xiaoli; Keating, Michael J.; Medeiros, L. Jeffrey; Abruzzo, Lynne V.
Del(20q), a common cytogenetic abnormality in myeloid neoplasms, is rare in chronic lymphocytic leukemia. We report 64 patients with chronic lymphocytic leukemia and del(20q), as the sole abnormality in 40, a stemline abnormality in 21, and a secondary abnormality in 3 cases. FISH analysis revealed an additional high-risk abnormality, del(11q) or del(17p), in 27/64 (42%) cases. In most cases, the leukemic cells showed atypical cytologic features, unmutated IGHV genes and ZAP70 positivity. The del(20q) was detected only after chemotherapy in all 27 cases with initial karyotypes available. With a median follow-up of 90 months, 30 patients (47%) died, most as a direct consequence of chronic lymphocytic leukemia. Eight patients developed a therapy-related myeloid neoplasm, seven with a complex karyotype. Combined morphologic and FISH analysis for del(20q) performed in 12 cases without morphologic evidence of a myeloid neoplasm localized the del(20q) to the chronic lymphocytic leukemia cells in 5 (42%) cases, and to myeloid/erythroid cells in 7 (58)% cases. The del(20q) was detected in myeloid cells in all 4 cases of myelodysplastic syndrome. In aggregate, these data indicate that chronic lymphocytic leukemia with del(20q) acquired after therapy is heterogeneous. In cases with morphologic evidence of dysplasia, the del(20q) likely resides in the myeloid lineage. However, in cases without morphologic evidence of dysplasia, the del(20q) may represent clonal evolution and disease progression. Combining morphologic analysis with FISH for del(20q) or performing FISH on immunomagnetically-selected subpopulations to localize the cell population with this abnormality may help guide patient management. PMID:25953391
Using Del-1 to Tip the Angiogenic Balance in Endothelial Cells in Modular Constructs
Ciucurel, Ema C.; Vlahos, Alexander E.
Modular tissue engineering is a method of building vascularized tissue-engineered constructs. Submillimeter-sized collagen pieces (modules) coated with a layer of endothelial cells (EC; vascular component), and with embedded functional cells, are self-assembled into a larger, three-dimensional tissue. In this study, we examined the use of developmental endothelial locus-1 (Del-1), an extracellular matrix protein with proangiogenic properties, as a means of tipping the angiogenic balance in human umbilical vein endothelial cells incorporated in modular tissue-engineered constructs. The motivation was to enhance the vascularization of these constructs upon transplantation in vivo, in this case, without the use of exogenous mesenchymal stromal cells. EC were transduced using a lentiviral construct to overexpress Del-1. The Del-1 EC formed more sprouts in a fibrin gel sprouting assay in vitro compared with eGFP (control) transduced EC, as expected. Del-1 EC had a distinct profile of gene expression (upregulation of matrix metalloproteinase-9 [MMP-9], urokinase-type plasminogen activator [uPA/PLAU], vascular endothelial growth factor [VEGF-A], and intercellular adhesion molecule-1 [ICAM-1]; downregulation of angiopoietin-2 [Ang2]), also supporting the notion of "tipping the angiogenic balance". On the other hand, contrary to our expectations, when Del-1 EC-coated modules were implanted subcutaneously in a severe combined immunodeficient/beige animal model, the proangiogenic effect of Del-1 was less remarkable. There was only a small increase in the number of blood vessels formed in Del-1 implants compared with the eGFP implants, and only few blood vessels formed at the implant site in both cases. This was presumed due to limited EC survival after transplantation. We speculate that if we could improve EC survival in our study (for example, by adding other prosurvival factors or supporting cells), we would see a greater Del-1-induced angiogenic benefit in vivo as a consequence of increased Del-1 secretion by a higher number of surviving cells. PMID:24138448
La implantacion del enfoque constructivista en el aula de ciencia: Estudio de caso multiple
NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)
Arroyo Betancourt, Luz I.
Esta investigacion estudia la implantacion del enfoque constructivista en tres aulas de ciencia del contexto puertorriqueno. Se auscultaron las practicas educativas que utilizan maestras consideradas constructivistas y la correspondencia de sus practicas educativas con los elementos esenciales de la didactica que proponen los teoricos de los planteamientos constructivistas. Se ausculto, ademas, a que vision del enfoque constructivista responden las expresiones de las maestras acerca de su practica educativa y como compara con su quehacer, a la luz de los elementos esenciales de las visiones constructivistas piagetiana, social y radical. Se utilizo el diseno de estudio descriptivo de caso multiple. El estudio se baso en entrevistas a profundidad, revision de documentos y observacion no participativa a la sala de clases. El contexto fueron tres escuelas publicas de la Region Educativa de San Juan, una elemental, una intermedia y una superior. Los resultados confirmaron que la transicion hacia el enfoque constructivista es un proceso que toma tiempo, dedicacion y la participacion en adiestramientos y readiestramientos acerca del nuevo enfoque. Las maestras coinciden en la mayoria de las practicas educativas que utilizan para implantar el enfoque constructivista de ensenanza y difieren en algunas debido, probablemente, a que han tenido que adaptarlas a los correspondientes niveles de ensenanza: elemental, intermedio y superior. Dos de las maestras planifican por conceptos generadores, mientras que una de ellas planifica siguiendo la guia que recibe del Departamento de Educacion. Difieren ademas, en el enfasis que confieren al inquirir cientifico. Con relacion a la correspondencia entre la vision manifestada por las maestras a la luz de las visiones piagetiana, social y radical, aparentemente, las preguntas del protocolo de entrevistas no lograron evocar la informacion con suficiente profundidad, por lo que la investigadora tuvo que inferir las visiones de las participantes basado en lo que estas manifestaron en su practica didactica. Dos maestras coinciden en una vision constructivista social de la construccion del conocimiento, del aprendizaje y de los metodos didacticos. La otra manifesto una vision constructivista piagetiana en el aprendizaje, los metodos didacticos y en la construccion del conocimiento. Se espera que este trabajo, ademas de promover los estudios de caso sobre el enfoque constructivista de ensenanza en el contexto puertorriqueno, sirva para que los maestros, que estan transformando su enfoque educativo de uno tradicional a uno constructivista, tengan una vision mas clara de la implantacion de este enfoque. Se espera ademas que sirva para que el Departamento de Educacion y sus programas de adiestramiento y readiestramiento en servicio, asi como las universidades y sus programas de preparacion de maestros, tomen en cuenta los resultados y recomendaciones de este estudio al revisar sus programas.
The RGD finger of Del-1 is a unique structural feature critical for integrin binding
Schürpf, Thomas; Chen, Qiang; Liu, Jin-huan; Wang, Rui; Springer, Timothy A.; Wang, Jia-huai
Developmental endothelial cell locus-1 (Del-1) glycoprotein is secreted by endothelial cells and a subset of macrophages. Del-1 plays a regulatory role in vascular remodeling and functions in innate immunity through interaction with integrin {alpha}{sub V}{beta}{sub 3}. Del-1 contains 3 epidermal growth factor (EGF)-like repeats and 2 discoidin-like domains. An Arg-Gly-Asp (RGD) motif in the second EGF domain (EGF2) mediates adhesion by endothelial cells and phagocytes. We report the crystal structure of its 3 EGF domains. The RGD motif of EGF2 forms a type II' {beta} turn at the tip of a long protruding loop, dubbed the RGD finger. Whereas EGF2 and EGF3 constitute a rigid rod via an interdomain calcium ion binding site, the long linker between EGF1 and EGF2 lends considerable flexibility to EGF1. Two unique O-linked glycans and 1 N-linked glycan locate to the opposite side of EGF2 from the RGD motif. These structural features favor integrin binding of the RGD finger. Mutagenesis data confirm the importance of having the RGD motif at the tip of the RGD finger. A database search for EGF domain sequences shows that this RGD finger is likely an evolutionary insertion and unique to the EGF domain of Del-1 and its homologue milk fat globule-EGF 8. The RGD finger of Del-1 is a unique structural feature critical for integrin binding.
Biotic association and palaeoenvironmental reconstruction of the "Loma del Pterodaustro" fossil site (Early Cretaceous, Argentina)
Chiappe, L.; Rivarola, D.; Cione, A.; Fregenal-Martinez, M.; Sozzi, H.; Buatois, L.; Gallego, O.; Laza, J.; Romero, E.; Lopez-Arbarello, A.; Buscalioni, A.; Marsicano, C.; Adamonis, S.; Ortega, F.; McGehee, S.; Di, Iorio O.
A sedimentological analysis of the basal section of the Early Cretaceous, lacustrine Lagarcito Formation at "Loma del Pterodaustro" (San Luis, Argentina) and a summary of its biological components are presented. Three sedimentological facies can be recognized in the basal sequence of the Lagarcito Formation. Fossil remains are particularly abundant in laminated claystones of a facies interpreted as deposits formed in offshore areas of the lake. The preservation of delicate structures allows recognition of these deposits as a Konservat Lagersta??tte. Up to now, rocks at "Loma del Pterodaustro" have yielded plants, conchostracans, semionotid and pleuropholid fishes, pterodactyloid pterosaurs, and a variety of invertebrate traces. The chronology of the Lagarcito Formation is discussed and it is concluded that this unit is of Albian age. The palaeoenvironment of deposition of the basal sequence of the Lagarcito Formation at "Loma del Pterodaustro" is interpreted as a perennial, shallow lake developed within an alluvial plain, under semiarid climatic conditions.
Integrated global background monitoring network. Preliminary results from Torres del Paine and Olympic National Parks
Wiersma, G.B.; Kohler, A.; Boelcke, C.; Baker, G.; Harmon, M.; Weber, C.; Gonzales, J.
During 1984, a pilot project was initiated for monitoring pollution at Torres del Paine National Park in southern Chile and Olympic National Park in the United States. These are two of three initial sites that are to be established as part of an integrated global backgound monitoring network. Eventually, the plan is to establish a world-wide system of such sites. We collected and analyzed samples of the soil, water, air, and two species of plants (moss and lichen). We also collected and analyzed samples of the forest litter. We compared the samples of soil and vegetation against reference samples. We also compared samples of soil, vegetation, and of organic material from Torres del Paine against similar samples from Olympic and Sequoia-Kings Canyon National Parks in the United States. Although the data is preliminary, it is in agreement with out initial hypothesis that Torres del Paine and Olympic National Parks are not a polluted sites.
Deep source model for Nevado del Ruiz Volcano, Colombia, constrained by interferometric synthetic aperture radar observations
NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)
Lundgren, Paul; Samsonov, Sergey V.; López Velez, Cristian Mauricio; Ordoñez, Milton
Nevado del Ruiz is part of a large volcano complex in the northern Andes of Colombia. Interferometric synthetic aperture radar observations from the RADARSAT-2 satellite since 2011 show steady inflation of the volcano since 2012 at 3-4 cm/yr. The broad (>20 km) deformation pattern from both ascending and descending track data constrain source models for either point or spheroidal sources, both located at >14 km beneath the surface (mean elevation 4.2 km) and 10 km SW of Nevado del Ruiz, below nearby Santa Isabel Volcano. Stress change computations for both sources in the context of a compressive regional stress indicate that dikes propagating from the source should become trapped in sills, possibly leading to a more complex pathway to the surface and explaining the significant lateral separation of the source and Nevado del Ruiz Volcano.
Basis for a streamflow forecasting system to RincÛn del Bonete and Salto Grande (Uruguay)
NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)
Talento, Stefanie; Terra, Rafael
This paper presents the basis for the design of streamflow prediction systems for the hydroelectric dams of RincÛn del Bonete (Uruguay) and Salto Grande (Uruguay-Argentina). The prediction is made, independently, for each reservoir and each month of the year with two methodologies: data-driven statistical models and hybrid downscaling that includes atmospheric predictors. We determine a set of potential predictors and then fit linear models coupled with variable selection techniques, under the hypothesis of perfectly known predictors. The predictive skill of the schemes outperforms the climatological forecast throughout the year in both reservoirs (except August in RincÛn del Bonete). This remains the case even when the forecast lead does not allow for the use of preceding flows as predictors. While in RincÛn del Bonete it is not possible to distinguish a period of high predictability, in Salto Grande, there is a robust signal in March-May and October-December.
CASE REPORT: Phenotypic presentation of the Ser63Del MPZ mutation
Miller, Lindsey J.; Patzko, Agnes; Lewis, Richard A.; Shy, Michael E.
Mutations in MPZ cause CMT1B, the second most frequent cause of CMT1. Elegant studies with Ser63del mice suggest that Ser63del MPZ is retained in the ER where it activates the unfolded protein response (UPR) that contributes to the neuropathy. Clinical information about patients with this mutation is limited. We present clinical and electrophysiological data on a large multigenerational family with CMT1B caused by Ser63del MPZ. The patients have a classical CMT1 phenotype that is much less severe than that of patients with Arg98Cys MPZ that also activates the UPR. These results suggest that clinical presentation along cannot predict which MPZ mutations will be retained in the ER and activate the UPR. PMID:22734905
La relativitý debole. La fisica dello spazio e del tempo senza paradossi
NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)
Selleri, Franco
Secondo Einstein e PoincarÈ la simultaneitý di eventi che hanno luogo in punti diversi dello spazio puÚ essere definita solo per convenzione. Dal punto di vista matematico si dimostra, quindi, che due diverse definizioni di simultaneitý corrispondono a due diversi valori del coefficiente e1 della variabile spaziale x presente nelle trasformazioni di Lorentz. A partire da premesse normalmente accettate otterremo diverse dimostrazioni della necessitý di reintrodurre il concetto di simultaneitý assoluta. Le conseguenze cosmologiche della nuova struttura dello spazio e del tempo andranno contro la cosmologia del Big Bang. Inoltre, dopo questi risultati, il relativismo sopravviverý in una forma meno aspra ("relativitý debole") perchÈ risulter privo di quel campionario di paradossi portato dalla teoria della Relativitý Speciale.
Relevamiento total del hemisferio sur celeste en la frecuencia de 1420 MHz
NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)
Bava, J. A.; Colomb, F. R.; Hurrel, E.; Larrarte, J. J.; Sanz, A. J.; Testori, J. C.; Reich, P.; Reich, W.; Wielebinski, R.
En el presente artÌculo se describe el relevamiento del cielo en el Hemisferio Sur Celeste en la frecuencia de 1420 MHz para declinaciones ?<= -19o realizado con la Antena II de 30 metros de di·metro del IAR. Este relevamiento posee igual sensibilidad (3xr.m.s=50 mK) que el realizado en el Hemisferio Norte con el radiotelescopio de 25 metros de Stockert de la Universidad de Bonn, operado por el Max-Planck Institute f¸r Radioastronomie ( Reich W., 1982, A&ASS 48, 219; Reich P. and Reich W., 1986, A&ASS 63, 205). Con los datos obtenidos por ambos radiotelescopios se posee una base de datos de todo el cielo en esta frecuencia. En esta publicaciÛn presentamos los detalles del sistema receptor, tÈcnicas de observaciÛn y reducciÛn de datos, calibraciÛn y discusiÛn de los errores en los resultados.
Pseudomonas aeruginosa Reduces VX-809 Stimulated F508del-CFTR Chloride Secretion by Airway Epithelial Cells
Stanton, Bruce A.; Coutermarsh, Bonita; Barnaby, Roxanna; Hogan, Deborah
Background P. aeruginosa is an opportunistic pathogen that chronically infects the lungs of 85% of adult patients with Cystic Fibrosis (CF). Previously, we demonstrated that P. aeruginosa reduced wt-CFTR Cl secretion by airway epithelial cells. Recently, a new investigational drug VX-809 has been shown to increase F508del-CFTR Cl secretion in human bronchial epithelial (HBE) cells, and, in combination with VX-770, to increase FEV1 (forced expiratory volume in 1 second) by an average of 3-5% in CF patients homozygous for the F508del-CFTR mutation. We propose that P. aeruginosa infection of CF lungs reduces VX-809 + VX-770- stimulated F508del-CFTR Cl secretion, and thereby reduces the clinical efficacy of VX-809 + VX-770. Methods and Results F508del-CFBE cells and primary cultures of CF-HBE cells (F508del/F508del) were exposed to VX-809 alone or a combination of VX-809 + VX-770 for 48 hours and the effect of P. aeruginosa on F508del-CFTR Cl secretion was measured in Ussing chambers. The effect of VX-809 on F508del-CFTR abundance was measured by cell surface biotinylation and western blot analysis. PAO1, PA14, PAK and 6 clinical isolates of P. aeruginosa (3 mucoid and 3 non-mucoid) significantly reduced drug stimulated F508del-CFTR Cl secretion, and plasma membrane F508del-CFTR. Conclusion The observation that P. aeruginosa reduces VX-809 and VX-809 + VX-770 stimulated F508del CFTR Cl secretion may explain, in part, why VX-809 + VX-770 has modest efficacy in clinical trials. PMID:26018799
Correlated occurrence and bypass of frame-shifting insertion-deletions (InDels) to give functional proteins.
Rockah-Shmuel, Liat; TÛth-PetrÛczy, ¡gnes; Sela, Asaf; Wurtzel, Omri; Sorek, Rotem; Tawfik, Dan S
Short insertions and deletions (InDels) comprise an important part of the natural mutational repertoire. InDels are, however, highly deleterious, primarily because two-thirds result in frame-shifts. Bypass through slippage over homonucleotide repeats by transcriptional and/or translational infidelity is known to occur sporadically. However, the overall frequency of bypass and its relation to sequence composition remain unclear. Intriguingly, the occurrence of InDels and the bypass of frame-shifts are mechanistically related - occurring through slippage over repeats by DNA or RNA polymerases, or by the ribosome, respectively. Here, we show that the frequency of frame-shifting InDels, and the frequency by which they are bypassed to give full-length, functional proteins, are indeed highly correlated. Using a laboratory genetic drift, we have exhaustively mapped all InDels that occurred within a single gene. We thus compared the naive InDel repertoire that results from DNA polymerase slippage to the frame-shifting InDels tolerated following selection to maintain protein function. We found that InDels repeatedly occurred, and were bypassed, within homonucleotide repeats of 3-8 bases. The longer the repeat, the higher was the frequency of InDels formation, and the more frequent was their bypass. Besides an expected 8A repeat, other types of repeats, including short ones, and G and C repeats, were bypassed. Although obtained in vitro, our results indicate a direct link between the genetic occurrence of InDels and their phenotypic rescue, thus suggesting a potential role for frame-shifting InDels as bridging evolutionary intermediates. PMID:24204297
Haplotype analysis of the 185delAG BRCA1 mutation in ethnically diverse populations
Laitman, Yael; Feng, Bing-Jian; Zamir, Itay M; Weitzel, Jeffrey N; Duncan, Paul; Port, Danielle; Thirthagiri, Eswary; Teo, Soo-Hwang; Evans, Gareth; Latif, Ayse; Newman, William G; Gershoni-Baruch, Ruth; Zidan, Jamal; Shimon-Paluch, Shani; Goldgar, David; Friedman, Eitan
The 185delAG* BRCA1 mutation is encountered primarily in Jewish Ashkenazi and Iraqi individuals, and sporadically in non-Jews. Previous studies estimated that this is a founder mutation in Jewish mutation carriers that arose before the dispersion of Jews in the Diaspora ?2500 years ago. The aim of this study was to assess the haplotype in ethnically diverse 185delAG* BRCA1 mutation carriers, and to estimate the age at which the mutation arose. Ethnically diverse Jewish and non-Jewish 185delAG*BRCA1 mutation carriers and their relatives were genotyped using 15 microsatellite markers and three SNPs spanning 12.5?MB, encompassing the BRCA1 gene locus. Estimation of mutation age was based on a subset of 11 markers spanning a region of ?5?MB, using a previously developed algorithm applying the maximum likelihood method. Overall, 188 participants (154 carriers and 34 noncarriers) from 115 families were included: Ashkenazi, Iraq, Kuchin-Indians, Syria, Turkey, Iran, Tunisia, Bulgaria, non-Jewish English, non-Jewish Malaysian, and Hispanics. Haplotype analysis indicated that the 185delAG mutation arose 750ñ1500 years ago. In Ashkenazim, it is a founder mutation that arose 61 generations ago, and with a small group of founder mutations was introduced into the Hispanic population (conversos) ?650 years ago, and into the IraqiñJewish community ?450 years ago. The 185delAG mutation in the non-Jewish populations in Malaysia and the UK arose at least twice independently. We conclude that the 185delAG* BRCA1 mutation resides on a common haplotype among Ashkenazi Jews, and arose about 61 generations ago and arose independently at least twice in non-Jews. PMID:22763381
Development and Utilization of InDel Markers to Identify Peanut (Arachis hypogaea) Disease Resistance
Liu, Lifeng; Dang, Phat M.; Chen, Charles Y.
Peanut diseases, such as leaf spot and spotted wilt caused by Tomato Spotted Wilt Virus, can significantly reduce yield and quality. Application of marker assisted plant breeding requires the development and validation of different types of DNA molecular markers. Nearly 10,000 SSR-based molecular markers have been identified by various research groups around the world, but less than 14.5% showed polymorphism in peanut and only 6.4% have been mapped. Low levels of polymorphism limit the application of marker assisted selection (MAS) in peanut breeding programs. Insertion/deletion (InDel) markers have been reported to be more polymorphic than SSRs in some crops. The goals of this study were to identify novel InDel markers and to evaluate the potential use in peanut breeding. Forty-eight InDel markers were developed from conserved sequences of functional genes and tested in a diverse panel of 118 accessions covering six botanical types of cultivated peanut, of which 104 were from the U.S. mini-core. Results showed that 16 InDel markers were polymorphic with polymorphic information content (PIC) among InDels ranged from 0.017 to 0.660. With respect to botanical types, PICs varied from 0.176 for fastigiata var., 0.181 for hypogaea var., 0.306 for vulgaris var., 0.534 for aequatoriana var., 0.556 for peruviana var., to 0.660 for hirsuta var., implying that aequatoriana var., peruviana var., and hirsuta var. have higher genetic diversity than the other types and provide a basis for gene functional studies. Single marker analysis was conducted to associate specific marker to disease resistant traits. Five InDels from functional genes were identified to be significantly correlated to tomato spotted wilt virus (TSWV) infection and leaf spot, and these novel markers will be utilized to identify disease resistant genotype in breeding populations. PMID:26617627
An unexpected effect of TNF-α on F508del-CFTR maturation and function
Bitam, Sara; Urbach, Valérie; Sermet-Gaudelus, Isabelle; Hinzpeter, Alexandre; Edelman, Aleksander
Cystic fibrosis (CF) is a multifactorial disease caused by mutations in the cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator gene ( CFTR), which encodes a cAMP-dependent Cl - channel. The most frequent mutation, F508del, leads to the synthesis of a prematurely degraded, otherwise partially functional protein. CFTR is expressed in many epithelia, with major consequences in the airways of patients with CF, characterized by both fluid transport abnormalities and persistent inflammatory responses. The relationship between the acute phase of inflammation and the expression of wild type (WT) CFTR or F508del-CFTR is poorly understood. The aim of the present study was to investigate this effect. The results show that 10 min exposure to TNF-alpha (0.5-50ng/ml) of F508del-CFTR-transfected HeLa cells and human bronchial cells expressing F508del-CFTR in primary culture (HBE) leads to the maturation of F508del-CFTR and induces CFTR chloride currents. The enhanced CFTR expression and function upon TNFα is sustained, in HBE cells, for at least 24 h. The underlying mechanism of action involves a protein kinase C (PKC) signaling pathway, and occurs through insertion of vesicles containing F508del-CFTR to the plasma membrane, with TNFα behaving as a corrector molecule. In conclusion, a novel and unexpected action of TNFα has been discovered and points to the importance of systematic studies on the roles of inflammatory mediators in the maturation of abnormally folded proteins in general and in the context of CF in particular. PMID:26594334
Barreda, Victoria; Carballo-Dieguez, Alex; Marone, RubÈn; Bal·n, Iv·n; Pando, MarÌa ¡ngeles; Avila, MarÌa Mercedes
A partir de un relevamiento de tipo etnogr·fico, se describen lugares de encuentro de HSH en la Ciudad de Buenos Aires y sus pr·cticas sexuales. El reconocimiento de tales espacios, asÌ como las caracterÌsticas que asumen en ellos los encuentros sexuales entre los HSH, plantean obst·culos especÌficos en la adopciÛn de comportamientos preventivos y, asimismo, generan nuevos desafÌos para las actividades de prevenciÛn. Se plantean las dificultades y debates conceptuales que la misma categorÌa presenta, y sus consecuencias en el abordaje preventivo y teÛrico-metodolÛgico para las ciencias sociales. Adem·s, se proponen nuevos interrogantes acerca de los alcances y las limitaciones del modelo preventivo del VIH/Sida para HSH. PMID:21874154
Parental origin of de novo chromosome 9 deletions in del(9p) syndrome
Micale, M.A.; Haren, J.M.; Conroy, J.M.
Parental origin of de novo deletions in the short arm of chromosome 9 in patients with a clinical diagnosis of del(9p) syndrome was assessed in 13 patients using polymerase chain reaction (PCR) analysis of highly polymorphic dinucleotide repeat microsatellite markers located in the putative deleted region. The deletion was found to be of paternal origin in 9 cases and of maternal origin in the remaining 4 cases, suggesting that the molecular event resulting in the deletion occurs in both male and female gametogenesis and that genomic imprinting does not appear to play a role in the pathogenesis of del(9p) syndrome. 22 refs., 1 fig.
AplicaciÛn del Teorema de Nekhorochev para tiempos de estabilidad en Mec·nica Celeste
NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)
Miloni, O.; N˙Òez, J.; Brunini, A.
En Mec·nica Celeste, uno de los problemas centrales consiste en la determinaciÛn de los tiempos de estabilidad. El teorema de Nekhorochev proporciona un mÈtodo para dicho estudio, para un sistema determinado por un hamiltoniano descripto en las variables acciÛn-·ngulo. El trabajo consiste en la acotaciÛn tanto del potencial perturbador y de la matriz hessiana del hamiltoniano integrable para determinar luego el tiempo de estabilidad de dicho sistema, donde por estabilidad se entiende la separaciÛn en norma infinito en el espacio de las acciones.
A review on Balanites aegyptiaca Del (desert date): phytochemical constituents, traditional uses, and pharmacological activity
Chothani, Daya L.; Vaghasiya, H. U.
Balanites aegyptiaca Del. (Zygophyllaceae), known as 'desert date,' is spiny shrub or tree up to l0 m tall, widely distributed in dry land areas of Africa and South Asia. It is traditionally used in treatment of various ailments i.e. jaundice, intestinal worm infection, wounds, malaria, syphilis, epilepsy, dysentery, constipation, diarrhea, hemorrhoid, stomach aches, asthma, and fever. It contains protein, lipid, carbohydrate, alkaloid, saponin, flavonoid, and organic acid. Present review summarizes the traditional claims, phytochemistry, and pharmacology of B. aegyptiaca Del reported in scientific literature. PMID:22096319
Historical survey of the national astronomical observatory in Llano del Hato
NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)
Martinez Picar, Antonio; Salas Ramirez, Henry
The Centro de Investigaciones de Astronomia (CIDA), the Venezuelan Institute in charge for managing human- and technical resources of the National Astronomical Observatory in Llano del Hato, is one of the younger institutes in its field. However, its foundation is surrounded by a series of curious and interesting eyents that go back to the end of the 18th century. Its equatoriallocation, excellent astronomical equipment and the high-qualified personnel offers a geographical and technical advantage. The paper is a historical oveniew of events, facts and demonstrations of the human activity related to the conception, building and starting the Llano del Hato National Astronomical Observatory.
75 FR 44720 - Safety Zone; Live-Fire Gun Exercise, M/V Del Monte, James River, VA
Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014
... SECURITY Coast Guard 33 CFR Part 165 RIN 1625-AA00 Safety Zone; Live-Fire Gun Exercise, M/V Del Monte... specified waters of the James River to protect mariners from the hazards associated with live fire and... conduct a live fire and explosive training event onboard the M/V Del Monte in the vicinity of the...
78 FR 6173 - Diana Del Grosso, Ray Smith, Joseph Hatch, Cheryl Hatch, Kathleen Kelley, Andrew Wilklund, and...
Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014
... From the Federal Register Online via the Government Publishing Office ] DEPARTMENT OF TRANSPORTATION Surface Transportation Board Diana Del Grosso, Ray Smith, Joseph Hatch, Cheryl Hatch, Kathleen... procedural schedule. SUMMARY: In response to a petition filed on August 1, 2012, by Diana Del Grosso,...
EPA has developed a technology transfer handbook for the EMPACT Paso del Norte Project. The EMPACT Paso del Norte Environmental Monitoring Project is a mobile vehicle emissions project that involves the international community of El Paso, TX; Sundland Park, NM; and Juarez, Mexico...
Resultado negativo de prueba del VPH es mejor predictor de riesgo bajo de c√°ncer de cuello uterino
De acuerdo con un estudio en el que participaron más de un millón de mujeres, los investigadores del NCI han determinado que el resultado negativo de una prueba para la detección del VPH proporciona mayor certeza o seguridad frente a riesgos futuros de cá
Cambios histÛricos en el aporte terrÌgeno de la cuenca del RÌo de la Plata sobre la plataforma interna Uruguaya
NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)
Marrero, AnalÌa; TudurÌ, Adriana; PÈrez, Laura; CuÒa, Caroline; Muniz, Pablo
El RÌo de la Plata (RdlP) presenta significativas variaciones naturales (hidrodin·micas y oceanogr·ficas) asociadas a diferentes condiciones clim·ticas. El propÛsito de este trabajo es inferir los cambios de aportes continentales de sedimentos y su relaciÛn con las variaciones hidrolÛgicas del RÌo de la Plata, a travÈs del an·lisis de proxies sedimentolÛgicos y geoquÌmicos en testigos de sedimentos de la plataforma interna uruguaya que registran los ˙ltimos 100 aÒos, aproximadamente. A partir de la dataciÛn por 210Pb de dos testigos de sedimentos (GeoB 13813-4 y BAR1) se reconstruyÛ la geocronologÌa del ambiente, y se relacionÛ con datos de las forzantes clim·ticas Pacific Decadal Oscillation, El NiÒo/La NiÒa Southern Oscillation, Atlantic Multidecadal Oscillation, y las anomalÌas hidrolÛgicas de los rÌos Paran· y Uruguay. Los valores m·s positivos y estables del Southern Oscillation Index, los cuales corresponden a fases La NiÒa, se observan en el periodo correspondiente entre 1910-1970, respecto al resto de la serie, donde se aprecia una mayor variabilidad y una tendencia hacia valores m·s negativos (eventos El NiÒo). Se hicieron dendrogramas (clustering) jer·rquicos para ambos testigos. Para el testigo GeoB 13813-4, se utilizÛ la relaciÛn Ca/Ti y la granulometrÌa, mientras que para BAR1 se recurriÛ a variables granulomÈtricas y la tasa de sedimentaciÛn. El mayor aporte continental hacia la regiÛn de la plataforma adyacente al RÌo de la Plata registrado a partir del aÒo 1970, podrÌa ser el factor principal de los agrupamientos observados en los clusters para ambos testigos. Las agrupaciones mostraron una diferenciaciÛn en la dÈcada de 1970, lo que estarÌa asociado al aumento de los caudales de los rÌos Paran· y Uruguay, durante las ˙ltimas tres dÈcadas del siglo XX. Por otra parte se observa que la granulometrÌa del testigo BAR1 presentÛ un mayor tamaÒo de grano y m·s variabilidad que en el caso del testigo GeoB 13813-4. TambiÈn se determinÛ una mayor acumulaciÛn de sedimentos a travÈs del tiempo en el cinturÛn de barro del RÌo de la Plata (plataforma continental adyacente), comparado con aquel registrado en la Barra del Indio (lÌmite entre zona intermedia y externa del estuario). Estas diferencias podrÌan estar relacionadas con la influencia del RÌo de la Plata, el cual genera un ambiente altamente din·mico sobre la Barra del Indio y un ambiente m·s estable sobre el cinturÛn de barro en la plataforma continental.
Dropouts, Stopouts, Optouts at Del Mar College: Spring 1991. Report of a Joint Research Project.
ERIC Educational Resources Information Center
Luckie, Jo Ann I.; Bonham, L. Adrianne
A research project investigated 2,313 persons who attended Del Mar College (Texas) during fall 1990 but did not enroll for spring 1991. Four sets of data were collected: (1) limited demographic information on the total student body; (2) demographic information drawn from school records to describe all nonreturnees; (3) demographic informationÖ
Community Arts Programs: Cohesion and Difference Case Studies. Henry Street Settlement and El Museo del Barrio
ERIC Educational Resources Information Center
Kiebert-Gruen, Cathleen
A comparative case study of two cultural institutions, Henry Street Settlement and El Museo del Barrio, founded almost eighty years apart, were involved in social justice causes and community arts. Although both of these institutions participated in the political activism of their time, they also demonstrated an important adaptability. They wereÖ
PublicaciÛn de Propuesta Presupuestaria del NCI para el AÒo Fiscal 2017
Ayer, tuve el honor de presentar al Presidente Barack Obama el Plan Anual del NCI y Propuesta Presupuestaria para el AÒo Fiscal 2017. Creo que la ìPropuesta Presupuestariaî, como se conoce ahora, es especialmente importante este aÒo para la investigaciÛn oncolÛgica por dos razones.
Tendencias del c·ncer: Influjo en la atenciÛn y en prioridades de investigaciÛn
Muchas de las tendencias que observamos en el c·ncer est·n cambiando cÛmo vemos el c·ncer y cÛmo respondemos a Èl, desde impulsar la investigaciÛn hasta identificar las causas fundamentales de los c·nceres que est·n aumentando en incidencia para dar forma a la investigaciÛn sobre el tratamiento y la prevenciÛn del c·ncer.
Se lanza Red Nacional de Estudios Clínicos del NCI
El Instituto Nacional del Cáncer (NCI) puso en marcha una nueva red de investigación de estudios clínicos con el objetivo de mejorar el tratamiento de más de 1,6 millones de estadounidenses que reciben un diagnóstico de cáncer cada año.
Calcio y la prevención del cáncer
Hoja informativa que resume los resultados de estudios sobre el calcio y la prevención del cáncer. Incluye información sobre las recomendaciones dietéticas para calcio y la cantidad de calcio en los alimentos y en complementos de calcio.
A Failed Utopia in Marcela Del RÌo's "Proceso a Faubritten"
ERIC Educational Resources Information Center
Manickam, Samuel
In Marcela del RÌo's science fiction novel "Proceso a Faubritten," utopia comes in the form of eternal life for all of humanity, thanks to Dr. Alexander Faubritten's "Bomba L." This polyphonic work includes diaries by Faubritten and his Mexican lover, MarÌa Corona. In my analysis of these two diaries, I will show howÖ
33 CFR 334.110 - Delaware Bay off Cape Henlopen, Del.; naval restricted area.
Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR
... 33 Navigation and Navigable Waters 3 2010-07-01 2010-07-01 false Delaware Bay off Cape Henlopen....110 Delaware Bay off Cape Henlopen, Del.; naval restricted area. (a) The area. Beginning at a point on the south shore of Delaware Bay at longitude 75°06′12″; thence to latitude 38°47′25″, longitude...
Control del dolor: Apoyo para las personas con c√°ncer
Contiene información sobre las medicinas contra el dolor para pacientes con cáncer, los planes para controlarlo, cómo hablar con su equipo de atención médica sobre el dolor que usted siente y qué hacer para controlar los efectos físicos y emocionales del
A tectonically controlled basin-fill within the Valle del Cauca, West-Central Colombia
Rine, J.M.; Keith, J.F. Jr.; Alfonso, C.A.; Ballesteros, I.; Laverde, F.; Sacks, P.E.; Secor, D.T. Jr. ); Perez, V.E.; Bernal, I.; Cordoba, F.; Numpaque, L.E. )
Tertiary strata of the Valle del Cauca reflect a forearc/foreland basin tectonic history spanning a period from pre-uplift of the Cordillera Central to initiation of uplift of the Cordillera Occidental. Stratigraphy of the Valle del Cauca begins with Jurassic-Cretaceous rocks of exotic and/or volcanic provenance and of oceanic origin. Unconformably overlying these are Eocene to Oligocene basal quartz-rich sandstones, shallow marine algal limestones, and fine-grained fluvial/deltaic mudstones and sandstones with coalbeds. These Eocene to Oligocene deposits represent a period of low tectonic activity. During late Oligocene to early Miocene, increased tectonic activity produced conglomeratic sediments which were transported from east to west, apparently derived from uplift of the Cordillera Central, and deposited within a fluvial to deltaic setting. East-west shortening of the Valle del Cauca basin folded the Eocene to early Miocene units, and additional uplift of the Cordillera Central during the later Miocene resulted in syn-tectonic deposition of alluvial fans. After additional fold and thrust deformation of the total Eocene-Miocene basin-fill, tectonic activity abated and Pliocene-Quaternary alluvial and lacustrine strata were deposited. Within the framework of this depositional and tectonic history of the Valle del Cauca, hydrocarbon exploration strategies can be formulated and evaluated.
Exploración del Sistema Solar -- Una mirada hacia el futuro - Duration: 30 seconds.
¿Piensas que ya sabemos todo acerca de nuestro sistema solar? La realidad es que apenas hemos comenzado con lo que hay para conocer. Únete a la NASA, en el envío de misiones a los confines del sist...
Urban Impact of Dissolved Metals in the Paso del Norte Segment of the Rio Grande
ERIC Educational Resources Information Center
Freiwan, Sumayeh Ahmad
The Paso del Norte segment of the Rio Grande experiences two seasons per year; the (wet) irrigation season and the (dry) non-irrigation season. The goal of this study was to improve the understanding of occurrence and contribution of dissolved metals in this region during the non-irrigation season. The objectives of this study were to (1) evaluateÖ
Centro de Contacto del NCIóServicio de InformaciÛn sobre el C·ncer
El Instituto Nacional del C·ncer (NCI) ofrece informaciÛn actualizada, precisa, confiable y f·cil de entender sobre diferentes de temas de c·ncer. Los especialistas en informaciÛn le pueden ayudar en el telÈfono 1-800-422-6237 (1-800-4-CANCER).
Use of del Nido Cardioplegia for Adult Cardiac Surgery at the Cleveland Clinic: Perfusion Implications
Kim, Kuna; Ball, Clifford; Grady, Patrick; Mick, Stephanie
Abstract: Cardiac arrest by cardioplegia provides a reproducible and safe method to induce and maintain electromechanical cardiac quiescence. Techniques of intraoperative myocardial protection are constantly evolving. For the past three decades, modified Buckberg cardioplegia solution has been used for adult cardiac surgery at the Cleveland Clinic. This formulation serves as the crystalloid component, which is delivered 4:1 with oxygenated patientís blood to crystalloid. Meanwhile, our use of the del Nido cardioplegia solution in adult patients, heretofore primarily used in pediatric cardiac surgical centers, has been increasing over the past several years. Single-dose, cold blood del Nido cardioplegia can be delivered antegrade if the duration of the operation will be limited and if there is no significant coronary artery disease or aortic insufficiency that would limit the distribution of cardioplegia. The addition of del Nido cardioplegia to our cardioplegia armamentarium allows us to customize our myocardial protection strategies for different surgical needs. This article aims to provide information on technical aspects of del Nido cardioplegia in adult cardiac surgery and its use at the Cleveland Clinic in the adult surgical population. PMID:26357803
MondragÛn, Liliana; Monroy, Zuraya; Ito, Ma Emily; Medina-Mora, Dra Ma Elena
El objetivo del trabajo es conocer las disyuntivas entre los principios de beneficencia y autonomÌa, que se presentan en la relaciÛn mÈdico-paciente, durante la terapÈutica del intento de suicidio.La investigaciÛn se realizÛ en dos hospitales psiqui·tricos de la Ciudad de MÈxico. La muestra incluyÛ a tres sujetos con intento de suicidio, mayores de 18 aÒos, que eran atendidos en consulta externa a causa de una lesiÛn autoinfligida en el ˙ltimo aÒo, y a tres psiquiatras que trataban a estos pacientes. La informaciÛn se obtuvo previo consentimiento informado en entrevistas individuales. Se llevÛ a cabo un an·lisis de discurso argumentado para encontrar los significados que los participantes otorgaron a los principios bioÈticos y las posibles disyuntivas entre Èstos.Las discordancias entre la beneficencia y la autonomÌa estuvieron relacionadas con el beneficio del tratamiento, el respeto por los valores y las creencias de los pacientes, entre otros. Este trabajo presenta consideraciones Èticas relevantes en el escenario clÌnico, al ofrecer al psiquiatra un an·lisis bioÈtico que le permita actuar de acuerdo con la beneficencia y respetando la autonomÌa del paciente frente a casos de intento de suicidio y, de esta forma procurar una mejor atenciÛn para ellos. PMID:20830214
Informe del NCI y los CDC sobre el tabaco sin humo
El primer informe sobre el consumo mundial del tabaco sin humo y sus consecuencias en la salud pública reveló que más de 300 millones de personas en al menos 70 países usan estos productos dañinos.
Shed Some Light on the Subject: Teaching Ramon del Valle-Inclan's "Luces de bohemia"
ERIC Educational Resources Information Center
Parker, Jason Thomas
This essay seeks to provide parallel and interchangeable approaches to teaching Ramon del Valle-Inclan's challenging play "Luces de bohemia". A greater understanding of the cultural and mental frameworks of the early twentieth-century Spanish spectator will permit students to penetrate the dense intertextuality that characterizes Valle'sÖ
New record of Paralomis spinosissima Birstein & Vinogradov (Decapoda: Anomura: Lithodidae) from Mar del Plata, Argentina.
OlguÌn, Nicole; Ocampo, Emiliano H; Farias, Nahuel
The lithodid crab Paralomis spinosissima is previously known only in Sub-Antarctic waters from South Georgia Island to the Drake Passage. Here we recorded a juvenile male obtained off shores of Mar del Plata (~37∞S), Argentina. This new occurrence extends the distribution range of the species over 1300 km northwards in the Atlantic Ocean. PMID:26249071
Urban Impact of Dissolved Metals in the Paso del Norte Segment of the Rio Grande
ERIC Educational Resources Information Center
Freiwan, Sumayeh Ahmad
The Paso del Norte segment of the Rio Grande experiences two seasons per year; the (wet) irrigation season and the (dry) non-irrigation season. The goal of this study was to improve the understanding of occurrence and contribution of dissolved metals in this region during the non-irrigation season. The objectives of this study were to (1) evaluate…
Dolores Del Rio, the First "Latin Invasion", and Hollywood's Transition to Sound
ERIC Educational Resources Information Center
Beltran, Mary
The career and promotion of Mexican actress Dolores Del Rio as a case study of how Hollywood's shift to sound film affected Latino and Latina actors is examined. It reveals the way in which the starring opportunities for Latinos dwindled when accent and language increasingly marked them as nonwhite in the 1930s in the talkie films.
Tratamiento del cáncer sin daño al corazón
Investigadores de los campos de oncología y de cardiología están trabajando para encontrar formas de impedir, manejar y posiblemente aun revertir los efectos secundarios cardiovasculares de ciertas terapias del cáncer.
A Failed Utopia in Marcela Del Río's "Proceso a Faubritten"
ERIC Educational Resources Information Center
Manickam, Samuel
In Marcela del Río's science fiction novel "Proceso a Faubritten," utopia comes in the form of eternal life for all of humanity, thanks to Dr. Alexander Faubritten's "Bomba L." This polyphonic work includes diaries by Faubritten and his Mexican lover, María Corona. In my analysis of these two diaries, I will show how…
Functional Rescue of F508del-CFTR Using Small Molecule Correctors
Molinski, Steven; Eckford, Paul D. W.; Pasyk, Stan; Ahmadi, Saumel; Chin, Stephanie; Bear, Christine E.
High-throughput screens for small molecules that are effective in "correcting" the functional expression of F508del-CFTR have yielded several promising hits. Two such compounds are currently in clinical trial. Despite this success, it is clear that further advances will be required in order to restore 50% or greater of wild-type CFTR function to the airways of patients harboring the F508del-CFTR protein. Progress will be enhanced by our better understanding of the molecular and cellular defects caused by the F508del mutation, present in 90% of CF patients. The goal of this chapter is to review the current understanding of defects caused by F508del in the CFTR protein and in CFTR-mediated interactions important for its biosynthesis, trafficking, channel function, and stability at the cell surface. Finally, we will discuss the gaps in our knowledge regarding the mechanism of action of existing correctors, the unmet need to discover compounds which restore proper CFTR structure and function in CF affected tissues and new strategies for therapy development. PMID:23055971
Plan Multinacional de Educacion del Adulto (Multinational Plan for Adult Education).
ERIC Educational Resources Information Center
Eduplan Informa, 1971
This document contains part of the final report from the first meeting of the Inter-American Council on Education, Science, and Culture, held in Vina del Mar, Chile, in 1970. The report presents general policy and guidelines which should be followed in the establishment of adult elementary education programs. The general discussion covers literacyÖ
The reproductive rhythmicity of the false grunion, Colpichthys regis, was observed in the Estero del Soldado, Mexico during October 1982 through January 1983. Spawning runs occurred at approximately 2-week intervals during daytime high tides. These high tides coincided with new a...
78 FR 74008 - Amendment of Class E Airspace; Del Rio, TX
Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014
... Del Rio, TX, area, creating additional controlled airspace at Laughlin AFB (78 FR 52716) Docket No... Regulatory Policies and Procedures (44 FR 11034; February 26, 1979); and (3) does not warrant preparation of... FR 9565, 3 CFR, 1959-1963 Comp., p. 389. ] Sec. 71.1 0 2. The incorporation by reference in 14 CFR...
33 CFR 162.35 - Channel of Christina River, Del.; navigation.
Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR
... 33 Navigation and Navigable Waters 2 2014-07-01 2014-07-01 false Channel of Christina River, Del.; navigation. 162.35 Section 162.35 Navigation and Navigable Waters COAST GUARD, DEPARTMENT OF HOMELAND SECURITY (CONTINUED) PORTS AND WATERWAYS SAFETY INLAND WATERWAYS NAVIGATION REGULATIONS ß 162.35 Channel...
33 CFR 162.35 - Channel of Christina River, Del.; navigation.
Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR
... 33 Navigation and Navigable Waters 2 2011-07-01 2011-07-01 false Channel of Christina River, Del.; navigation. 162.35 Section 162.35 Navigation and Navigable Waters COAST GUARD, DEPARTMENT OF HOMELAND SECURITY (CONTINUED) PORTS AND WATERWAYS SAFETY INLAND WATERWAYS NAVIGATION REGULATIONS ß 162.35 Channel...
33 CFR 162.35 - Channel of Christina River, Del.; navigation.
Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR
... 33 Navigation and Navigable Waters 2 2013-07-01 2013-07-01 false Channel of Christina River, Del.; navigation. 162.35 Section 162.35 Navigation and Navigable Waters COAST GUARD, DEPARTMENT OF HOMELAND SECURITY (CONTINUED) PORTS AND WATERWAYS SAFETY INLAND WATERWAYS NAVIGATION REGULATIONS ß 162.35 Channel...
33 CFR 162.35 - Channel of Christina River, Del.; navigation.
Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR
... 33 Navigation and Navigable Waters 2 2010-07-01 2010-07-01 false Channel of Christina River, Del.; navigation. 162.35 Section 162.35 Navigation and Navigable Waters COAST GUARD, DEPARTMENT OF HOMELAND SECURITY (CONTINUED) PORTS AND WATERWAYS SAFETY INLAND WATERWAYS NAVIGATION REGULATIONS ß 162.35 Channel...
33 CFR 162.35 - Channel of Christina River, Del.; navigation.
Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR
... 33 Navigation and Navigable Waters 2 2012-07-01 2012-07-01 false Channel of Christina River, Del.; navigation. 162.35 Section 162.35 Navigation and Navigable Waters COAST GUARD, DEPARTMENT OF HOMELAND SECURITY (CONTINUED) PORTS AND WATERWAYS SAFETY INLAND WATERWAYS NAVIGATION REGULATIONS ß 162.35 Channel...
Ambient air VOC samples were collected at surface air quality monitoring sites, near sources of interest, and aloft on the US (El Paso) and Mexican (Ciudad Juarez) side of the border during a six-week period of the 1996 Paso del Norte Ozone Study. Samples were collected at five...
Ouabain Mimics Low Temperature Rescue of F508del-CFTR in Cystic Fibrosis Epithelial Cells.
Zhang, Donglei; Ciciriello, Fabiana; Anjos, Suzana M; Carissimo, Annamaria; Liao, Jie; Carlile, Graeme W; Balghi, Haouaria; Robert, Renaud; Luini, Alberto; Hanrahan, John W; Thomas, David Y
Most cases of cystic fibrosis (CF) are caused by the deletion of a single phenylalanine residue at position 508 of the cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR). The mutant F508del-CFTR is retained in the endoplasmic reticulum and degraded, but can be induced by low temperature incubation (29∞C) to traffic to the plasma membrane where it functions as a chloride channel. Here we show that, cardiac glycosides, at nanomolar concentrations, can partially correct the trafficking of F508del-CFTR in human CF bronchial epithelial cells (CFBE41o-) and in an F508del-CFTR mouse model. Comparison of the transcriptional profiles obtained with polarized CFBE41o-cells after treatment with ouabain and by low temperature has revealed a striking similarity between the two corrector treatments that is not shared with other correctors. In summary, our study shows a novel function of ouabain and its analogs in the regulation of F508del-CFTR trafficking and suggests that compounds that mimic this low temperature correction of trafficking will provide new avenues for the development of therapeutics for CF. PMID:23060796
Ouabain Mimics Low Temperature Rescue of F508del-CFTR in Cystic Fibrosis Epithelial Cells
Zhang, Donglei; Ciciriello, Fabiana; Anjos, Suzana M.; Carissimo, Annamaria; Liao, Jie; Carlile, Graeme W.; Balghi, Haouaria; Robert, Renaud; Luini, Alberto; Hanrahan, John W.; Thomas, David Y.
Most cases of cystic fibrosis (CF) are caused by the deletion of a single phenylalanine residue at position 508 of the cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR). The mutant F508del-CFTR is retained in the endoplasmic reticulum and degraded, but can be induced by low temperature incubation (29∞C) to traffic to the plasma membrane where it functions as a chloride channel. Here we show that, cardiac glycosides, at nanomolar concentrations, can partially correct the trafficking of F508del-CFTR in human CF bronchial epithelial cells (CFBE41o-) and in an F508del-CFTR mouse model. Comparison of the transcriptional profiles obtained with polarized CFBE41o-cells after treatment with ouabain and by low temperature has revealed a striking similarity between the two corrector treatments that is not shared with other correctors. In summary, our study shows a novel function of ouabain and its analogs in the regulation of F508del-CFTR trafficking and suggests that compounds that mimic this low temperature correction of trafficking will provide new avenues for the development of therapeutics for CF. PMID:23060796
Determinacion de periodos fundamentales del suelo mediante vibraciones ambientales en el municipio de Humacao, Puerto Rico
NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)
Cintron Aponte, Rommel
La tecnica de Nakamura ha sido utilizada a nivel mundial para determinar periodos fundamentales del suelo. La tecnica consiste en calcular y graficar cocientes espectrales H/V de vibraciones ambientales registradas sobre el suelo. Mediciones de vibraciones ambientales fueron tomadas en 151 lugares dentro del municipio de Humacao, localizado al este de Puerto Rico. Los datos se procesaron utilizando espectros de Fourier y espectros de potencia. La tecnica fue validada al compararla con los resultados de cocientes espectrales H/V de registros de sismos debiles y tambien con una modelacion numerica realizada con datos de un ensayo "downhole". Las graficas de los cocientes espectrales H/V fueron divididas en casos y grupos, los cuales dependen de la facilidad para identificar el periodo fundamental pico y amplitudes en frecuencias menores de 1 Hz, respectivamente. Los resultados obtenidos con ambos espectros fueron comparados y se concluye que los mismos se complementan para proveer resultados mas confiables. Se crearon mapas de periodos fundamentales, factores de amplitud, isoperiodos y clasificacion sismica de sitio. Los mapas de isoperiodos fueron realizados en las zonas mas pobladas sobre depositos de suelo. El mapa de periodos fundamentales del suelo mostro buena correlacion con la geologia local. El mapa de clasificacion sismica derivado de periodos de sitio fue comparado con el mapa de clasificacion sismica derivado de barrenos geotecnicos. El mapa de clasificacion obtenido de periodos puede sobreestimar un poco algunas clasificaciones del suelo. Sin embargo, este mapa puede proveer un estimado aproximado de la velocidad de onda de corte promedio del suelo hasta una profundidad de 100 pies (30 metros).
Synonymous codon usage affects the expression of wild type and F508del CFTR.
Shah, Kalpit; Cheng, Yi; Hahn, Brian; Bridges, Robert; Bradbury, Neil A; Mueller, David M
The cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) is an anion channel composed of 1480 amino acids. The major mutation responsible for cystic fibrosis results in loss of amino acid residue, F508 (F508del). Loss of F508 in CFTR alters the folding pathway resulting in endoplasmic-reticulum-associated degradation. This study investigates the role of synonymous codon in the expression of CFTR and CFTR F508del in human HEK293 cells. DNA encoding the open reading frame (ORF) for CFTR containing synonymous codon replacements was expressed using a heterologous vector integrated into the genome. The results indicate that the codon usage greatly affects the expression of CFTR. While the promoter strength driving expression of the ORFs was largely unchanged and the mRNA half-lives were unchanged, the steady-state levels of the mRNA varied by as much as 30-fold. Experiments support that this apparent inconsistency is attributed to nonsense mediated decay independent of exon junction complex. The ratio of CFTR/mRNA indicates that mRNA containing native codons was more efficient in expressing mature CFTR as compared to mRNA containing synonymous high-expression codons. However, when F508del CFTR was expressed after codon optimization, a greater percentage of the protein escaped endoplasmic-reticulum-associated degradation resulting in considerable levels of mature F508del CFTR on the plasma membrane, which showed channel activity. These results indicate that codon usage has an effect on mRNA levels and protein expression, for CFTR, and likely on chaperone-assisted folding pathway, for F508del CFTR. PMID:25676312
Toric K3-fibred Calabi-Yau manifolds with del Pezzo divisors for string compactifications
NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)
Cicoli, Michele; Kreuzer, Maximilian; Mayrhofer, Christoph
We analyse several explicit toric examples of compact K3-fibred Calabi-Yau three-folds. These manifolds can be used for the study of string dualities and are crucial ingredients for the construction of LARGE Volume type IIB vacua with promising applications to cosmology and particle phenomenology. In order to build a phenomenologically viable model, on top of the two moduli corresponding to the base and the K3 fibre, we demand also the existence of two additional rigid divisors: the first supporting the non-perturbative effects needed to achieve moduli stabilisation, and the second allowing the presence of chiral matter on wrapped D-branes. We clarify the topology of these rigid divisors by discussing the interplay between a diagonal structure of the Calabi-Yau volume and D-terms. Del Pezzo divisors appearing in the volume form in a completely diagonal way are natural candidates for supporting non-perturbative effects and for quiver constructions, while `non-diagonal' del Pezzo and rigid but not del Pezzo divisors are particularly interesting for model building in the geometric regime. Searching through the existing list of four dimensional reflexive lattice polytopes, we find 158 examples admitting a Calabi-Yau hypersurface with a K3 fibration and four K‰hler moduli where at least one of the toric divisors is a `diagonal' del Pezzo. We work out explicitly the topological details of a few examples showing how, in the case of simplicial polytopes, all the del Pezzo divisors are `diagonal', while `non-diagonal' ones appear only in the case of non-simplicial polytopes. A companion paper will use these results in the study of moduli stabilisation for globally consistent explicit Calabi-Yau compactifications with the local presence of chirality.
Percepcion de los profesores universitarios acerca del concepto cultura cientifica y de sus implicaciones en el nuevo bachillerato del Recinto de Rio Piedras de la Universidad de Puerto Rico
NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)
Ramos Pastrana, Nilsa
El Senado Academico del Recinto de Rio Piedras de la Universidad de Puerto Rico aprobo en el ano academico 2005-2006 la Certificacion 46, que contiene los lineamientos de un nuevo bachillerato. Este nuevo bachillerato introdujo cambios significativos en el curriculo tradicional. Entre ellos se encuentra la reduccion del componente de educacion general y el de Ciencias Biologicas en particular. La reduccion de creditos en el componente de Ciencias Biologicas ha obligado a reevaluar el concepto de cultura cientifica que desarrollan esos cursos. El proposito del estudio consistio en auscultar las percepciones de los profesores de las Facultades de Administracion de Empresas, Humanidades, Ciencias Sociales, Ciencias Naturales, Educacion y Estudios Generales del Recinto de Rio Piedras de la Universidad de Puerto Rico en torno al concepto de cultura cientifica, los contenidos disciplinares del curso de Ciencias Biologicas y la reduccion de creditos en el nuevo bachillerato. Las preguntas que guiaron la investigacion fueron: ¬øcuales son las percepciones que tienen los profesores de las Facultades de Administracion de Empresas, Ciencias Sociales, Estudios Generales, Ciencias Naturales, Humanidades y Educacion, en torno al concepto de cultura cientifica y los contenidos disciplinares del curso de Ciencias Biologicas? ¬øcuales son las percepciones que tienen los profesores de Ciencias Biologicas en torno al concepto cultura cientifica y los contenidos disciplinares del curso de Ciencias Biologicas? ¬øexisten diferencias significativas por facultad, genero, experiencia, rango y nombramiento en las percepciones que tienen los profesores del Recinto de Rio Piedras de la Universidad de Puerto Rico sobre los elementos que caracterizan la cultura cientifica y los contenidos biologicos que deben tener los egresados del Recinto? ¬øque implicaciones curriculares tienen estos testimonios en el desarrollo del concepto de cultura cientifica en el nuevo bachillerato? Para realizar la investigacion se utilizo una metodologia cuantitativa y la herramienta para lograrlo fue una encuesta. La encuesta se analizo estadisticamente mediante analisis de frecuencias y por cientos, prueba ANOVA, prueba t, pruebas Post Hoc de Tukey y de Levene. Tambien se realizo nuevamente una prueba de confiabilidad mediante el alfa de Cronbach. Los resultados reflejaron que los profesores de las Facultades de Administracion de Empresas, Ciencias Sociales, Ciencias Naturales, Educacion, Humanidades, Estudios Generales y el Departamento de Ciencias Biologicas tienen una percepcion muy positiva del concepto de cultura cientifica, los contenidos curriculares de Ciencias Biologicas y del nuevo bachillerato.
Sanger Sequencing for BRCA1 c.68_69del, BRCA1 c.5266dup and BRCA2 c.5946del Mutation Screen on Pap Smear Cytology Samples.
Lee, Sin Hang; Zhou, Shaoxia; Zhou, Tianjun; Hong, Guofan
Three sets of polymerase chain reaction (PCR) primers were designed for heminested PCR amplification of the target DNA fragments in the human genome which include the site of BRCA1 c.68_69del, BRCA1 c.5266dup and BRCA2 c.5946del respectively, to prepare the templates for direct Sanger sequencing screen of these three founder mutations. With a robust PCR mixture, crude proteinase K digestate of the fixed cervicovaginal cells in the liquid-based Papanicolaou (Pap) cytology specimens can be used as the sample for target DNA amplification without pre-PCR DNA extraction, purification and quantitation. The post-PCR products can be used directly as the sequencing templates without further purification or quantitation. By simplifying the frontend procedures for template preparation, the cost for screening these three founder mutations can be reduced to about US $200 per test when performed in conjunction with human papillomavirus (HPV) assays now routinely ordered for cervical cancer prevention. With this projected price structure, selective patients in a high-risk population can be tested and each provided with a set of DNA sequencing electropherograms to document the absence or presence of these founder mutations in her genome to help assess inherited susceptibility to breast and ovarian cancer in this era of precision molecular personalized medicine. PMID:26867194
Sanger Sequencing for BRCA1 c.68_69del, BRCA1 c.5266dup and BRCA2 c.5946del Mutation Screen on Pap Smear Cytology Samples
Lee, Sin Hang; Zhou, Shaoxia; Zhou, Tianjun; Hong, Guofan
Three sets of polymerase chain reaction (PCR) primers were designed for heminested PCR amplification of the target DNA fragments in the human genome which include the site of BRCA1 c.68_69del, BRCA1 c.5266dup and BRCA2 c.5946del respectively, to prepare the templates for direct Sanger sequencing screen of these three founder mutations. With a robust PCR mixture, crude proteinase K digestate of the fixed cervicovaginal cells in the liquid-based Papanicolaou (Pap) cytology specimens can be used as the sample for target DNA amplification without pre-PCR DNA extraction, purification and quantitation. The post-PCR products can be used directly as the sequencing templates without further purification or quantitation. By simplifying the frontend procedures for template preparation, the cost for screening these three founder mutations can be reduced to about US $200 per test when performed in conjunction with human papillomavirus (HPV) assays now routinely ordered for cervical cancer prevention. With this projected price structure, selective patients in a high-risk population can be tested and each provided with a set of DNA sequencing electropherograms to document the absence or presence of these founder mutations in her genome to help assess inherited susceptibility to breast and ovarian cancer in this era of precision molecular personalized medicine. PMID:26867194
Informe trata el descenso del c√°ncer y los tumores cerebrales
Los índices de mortalidad en los Estados Unidos de todos los cánceres en hombres y mujeres siguieron bajando entre 2003 y 2007, que es el período más reciente del que se disponen datos, según el último Informe Anual a la Nación sobre el Estado del Cáncer. El informe encuentra también que el índice general combinado de nuevos diagnósticos de cáncer en hombres y mujeres decreció un promedio un poco menos de 1% por año en el mismo período.
How the early voltage clamp studies of JosÈ del Castillo inform "modern" neuroscience.
Zottoli, Steven J
The description of ionic currents that flow across the membrane of the squid giant axon during an action potential sparked an interest in determining whether there were similar currents in vertebrates. The preparation of choice was the node of Ranvier in single myelinated fibers in frog. JosÈ del Castillo spent 3 years on the United States mainland from 1956 to 1959. During that time, he collaborated with Jerome Y. Lettvin and John W. Moore. I discuss how these individuals met one another and some of their scientific discoveries using the voltage clamp to study squid giant axons and frog nodes. Much of this work was conducted at the Marine Biological Laboratory in Woods Hole, MA, and I attempt to convey a sense of the unique scientific "melting pot" that existed at the Marine Biological Laboratory and the broader effect that del Castillo had on "modern" neuroscience. PMID:22653696
Correction of F508del CFTR in airway epithelium using nanoparticles delivering triplex-forming PNAs
McNeer, Nicole Ali; Anandalingam, Kavitha; Fields, Rachel J.; Caputo, Christina; Kopic, Sascha; Gupta, Anisha; Quijano, Elias; Polikoff, Lee; Kong, Yong; Bahal, Raman; Geibel, John P; Glazer, Peter M.; Saltzman, W. Mark; Egan, Marie E.
Cystic fibrosis (CF) is a lethal genetic disorder most commonly caused by the F508del mutation in the cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) gene. It is not readily amenable to gene therapy because of its systemic nature and challenges including in vivo gene delivery and transient gene expression. Here, we use triplex-forming PNA molecules and donor DNA in biodegradable polymer nanoparticles to correct F508del. We confirm modification with sequencing and a functional chloride efflux assay. In vitro correction of chloride efflux occurs in up to 25% of human cells. Deep sequencing reveals negligible off-target effects in partially homologous sites. Intranasal application of nanoparticles in CF mice produces changes in nasal epithelium potential differences consistent with corrected CFTR, with gene correction also detected in lung tissue. This work represents facile genome engineering in vivo with oligonucleotides using a nanoparticle system to achieve clinically relevant levels of gene editing without off-target effects. PMID:25914116
78 FR 18783 - Establishment of the R[iacute]o Grande del Norte National Monument
Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014
... projectile points, as well as large ceramic vessels. The area is home to a rich array of archaeological... code 3295-F3 ] TD28MR13.010 [FR Doc. 2013-07406 Filed 3-27-13; 8:45 am] Billing code 4310-10-C #0; ... harshness is known as the R o Grande del Norte, and its extraordinary array of scientific and...
Pío del Río Hortega and the discovery of the oligodendrocytes
Pérez-Cerdá, Fernando; Sánchez-Gómez, María Victoria; Matute, Carlos
Pío del Río Hortega (1882–1945) discovered microglia and oligodendrocytes (OLGs), and after Ramón y Cajal, was the most prominent figure of the Spanish school of neurology. He began his scientific career with Nicolás Achúcarro from whom he learned the use of metallic impregnation techniques suitable to study non-neuronal cells. Later on, he joined Cajal's laboratory. and Subsequently, he created his own group, where he continued to develop other innovative modifications of silver staining methods that revolutionized the study of glial cells a century ago. He was also interested in neuropathology and became a leading authority on Central Nervous System (CNS) tumors. In parallel to this clinical activity, del Río Hortega rendered the first systematic description of a major polymorphism present in a subtype of macroglial cells that he named as oligodendroglia and later OLGs. He established their ectodermal origin and suggested that they built the myelin sheath of CNS axons, just as Schwann cells did in the periphery. Notably, he also suggested the trophic role of OLGs for neuronal functionality, an idea that has been substantiated in the last few years. Del Río Hortega became internationally recognized and established an important neurohistological school with outstanding pupils from Spain and abroad, which nearly disappeared after his exile due to the Spanish civil war. Yet, the difficulty of metal impregnation methods and their variability in results, delayed for some decades the confirmation of his great insights into oligodendrocyte biology until the development of electron microscopy and immunohistochemistry. This review aims at summarizing the pioneer and essential contributions of del Río Hortega to the current knowledge of oligodendrocyte structure and function, and to provide a hint of the scientific personality of this extraordinary and insufficiently recognized man. PMID:26217196
Antimicrobial activity of flavonoids in medicinal plants from TafÌ del Valle (Tucum·n, Argentina).
Hern·ndez, N E; Tereschuk, M L; Abdala, L R
Preliminary studies of flavonoids have been realised in five native species from TafÌ del Valle (Tucum·n, Argentina) used in popular medicine. Most of compounds detected were flavonoids mono and dihydroxylated in B ring. Screening for antimicrobial activity against Gram positive and Gram negative microorganisms has been realised with Lippia turbinata, Satureja parvifolia, Sambucus peruviana, Verbena officinalis and Chenopodium graveolens. The total extracts of flavonoids of each plant were tested and four species studied showed antimicrobial activity. PMID:11025172
Un nuevo estudio del c˙mulo abierto Tr 14 en la regiÛn de Carina
NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)
GarcÌa, B.; Malaroda, S.; Levato, H.; Morrell, N.
Presentamos nuevos datos espectroscÛpicos de 9 objetos entre los miembros m·s brillantes de Tr 14. Hemos medido un total de 80 nuevos espectrogramas para contribuir a la determinaciÛn de la real naturaleza de estos objetos desde el punto de vista de la duplicidad. Del nuevo material debemos concluir que la mayorÌa de las estrellas en la muestra son simples. Sin embargo existen algunos objetos cuyo seguimiento debe continuar ya que no nos es posible efectuar conclusiones definitivas con el presente material.
ObservaciÛn y registro fotogr·fico del cometa HYAKUTAKE C/1996 B2
NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)
Arquiola, A. P.; Arquiola, F. E.
Desde el momento en que nos llega la informaciÛn del descubrimiento, comenzamos la observaciÛn de forma detallada a fin de apreciar y seguir su creciente actividad. La primera observaciÛn se realizÛ el 17 de febrero de 1996 a las 4h20m UT con nuestro telescopio de 300mm newtoniano de f/6.5, con una muy buena transparencia atmosfÈrica, estimando una magnitud de 8.5. Realiz·bamos observaciones casi todas las noches, mientras nos lo permitÌan las condiciones clim·ticas. Ya el 26 de febrero el cometa presentaba un aspecto muy particular, ligeramente distinto a las primeras observaciones, ya que comenzamos a notar su gran actividad. En primer lugar se destacaba la cola de iones mucho mas extensa que la cola de polvo. Magnitud estimada 7.5. El 19 de marzo ya era visible a simple vista y en especial su cola muy abierta y extensa (3 grados) y no quedaba duda alguna que la ˙ltima noche de observaciÛn del cometa en el horizonte de la Ciudad de Funes, que fue el 24 de marzo de 1996, un dÌa antes del acercamiento a la Tierra, tendrÌamos una apreciaciÛn del cometa en su m·ximo esplendor. El 24 de marzo de 1996 a las 4hs UT, asomÛ el cometa por el horizonte NE, con su cola espectacular, llegando a medir 23 grados de longitud, muy recta y brillante, y su cabellera muy estelar. A este marco de observaciÛn se sumaron mas de 600 personas que participaron usando instrumentos, siendo la mayorÌa de los concurrentes de la vecina Ciudad de Rosario, ya que su observaciÛn era a muy baja atura sobre el horizonte norte. Instrumentos utilizados : Telescopio Newtoniano 300mm f/6.5, Telescopio Schmidt-Cassegrain 200mm , Binoculares 10 x 50, 7 x 50, Lente normal 50mm a f/1.8, PelÌcula 100 - 400 ASA Lugar de ObservaciÛn : Ciudad de Funes, zona rural, ``Estancia La Polola" Latitud: - 32o 55' Longitud: 60o 40' Oeste
Segundo Catálogo Estelar del Hemisferio Sur con Astrolabio Fotoeléctrico PAII
NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)
Manrique, W. T.; Podest√°, R. C.; Alonso, E.; Actis, E. V.; Pacheco, A. M.; Bustos, G.; Lizhi, L.; Zezhi, W.; Fanmiao, Z.; Hongqi, W.; Perdomo, R.
Recordamos que entre el Observatorio Astronómico ``Félix Aguilar'', el Observatorio Astronómico de Beijing y el Observatorio Astronómico de La Plata, se ha convenido en desarrollar un Proyecto de Investigación conjunto, para la observación sistemática de estrellas en el Hemisferio Sur, con el objeto de la elaboración de un Catálogo Estelar Global utilizando un Astrolabio Fotoeléctrico PAII del Observatorio de Beijing, que ha sido usado con éxito en la República de China. En este trabajo se presenta el Segundo Catálogo Estelar del Hemisferio Sur, derivado de las observaciones realizadas con el PAII instalado en el OAFA, durante el períiodo Febrero de 1992 a Marzo de 1997. En este lapso se han observado mas de 400000 pasajes estelares, obteniéndose las correcciones Δ α y Δ δ de 5241 estrellas del FK4, FK5, FK5 Ext., SRS, CAMC y GC. Las precisiones medias son del orden de ± 3,2 ms en ascensión recta y ±0."057 en declinación. Rango de magnitudes : 2,0 a 11,5 Rango de declinaciones : -3o a -60o Epoca Media : 1994.9 Se analizan los residuos en función de la magnitud y tipo espectral, correcciones de grupo y frecuencia de distribución Δ α y Δ δ.
Ground Gravity, Magnetic and Electromagnetic Surveys on a Crater on Basalt of Bajada del Diablo Astrobleme-Strewn Field
NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)
Acevedo, R. D.; Prezzi, C.; Orgeira, M. J.; Rocca, M.; MartÌnez, O.; Ponce, J. F.; Corbella, H.; Rabassa, J.; Gonz·lez-Guillot, M.; SubÌas, I.
With the aim of further investigate the circular structures from Bajada del Diablo, we carried out geophysics surveys and we conclude that the geophysical features could be satisfactorily explained assuming an extra-terrestrial projectile impact.
Integrated surveillance of pulmonary tuberculosis and paragonimiasis in Zamboanga del Norte, the Philippines
Belizario, Vicente; Totanes, Francis Isidore; Asuncion, Camille Ann; Leon, Winifreda De; Jorge, Manuel; Ang, Concepcion; Naig, June Rose
Background Pulmonary tuberculosis (PTB) and paragonimiasis remain as health problems in certain areas in the Philippines. Both share similar clinical manifestations, which include chronic productive cough, hemoptysis, dyspnea, fever, weight loss, and night sweats. This study aimed to determine the prevalence of PTB, paragonimiasis, and co-infections in Zamboanga del Norte, Philippines. Methods This study was conducted in selected villages in two municipalities in Zamboanga del Norte. Patients with chronic cough were interviewed, examined, and requested to submit two sputum samples which were processed using ZiehlñNeelsen method to detect acid-fast bacilli (AFB), and NaOH concentration technique for the detection of Paragonimus ova. Results A total of 836 patients submitted sputum samples for examination. Prevalence was 6.7% (2.5ñ12.7%) for paragonimiasis and 1.9% (0.9ñ6.3%) for PTB. Co-infection rate was 0.3%, with two identified cases. Positivity rates for males and females were 9.6 and 5.8% for paragonimiasis and 3.4 and 1.2% for PTB. Conclusion Pulmonary tuberculosis and paragonimiasis are co-endemic in Zamboanga del Norte, suggesting the need to integrate surveillance and control efforts. Strengthening local health systems through collaboration between different sectors is recommended for effective disease control. Development of more sensitive diagnostic tests is important for more accurate disease surveillance. PMID:24601907
Experience the magic of light and color: outreach activity by Universidad del Valle student chapter
NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)
Valdes, Claudia; Reyes, Camilo; Osorio, Alberto; Solarte, Efrain
During 2007, the Universidad del Valle Student Chapter presented a proposal for developing an educational outreach activity for children from an underprivileged zone to the Optical Society of America Foundation (OSAF) and to SPIE. The activity was carried out jointly by OSA and SPIE Universidad del Valle Student Chapters in the hillsides of Santiago de Cali, in a zone known as "Pueblo Joven" during 2008. It was aimed to boys and girls with ages between 8 and 13 years and was called "Experience the magic of light and color". The main purpose was to bring the children some basic concepts on optics and to encourage them to explore science through optics. The Universidad del Valle Student Chapters designed a series of talks and practical workshops where children participated in hands-on experiments that easily explain the fundamental concepts of light phenomena. Afterwards the children presented their achievements in a small science fair offered to the community and tried to explain in their own words what they learned and built. In this work, we present the most successful experimental designs and the educational standards we tried to develop with this activity.
AgregaciÛn de para-H2 en chorros supersÛnicos: del dÌmero al sÛlido
NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)
MarÌa Fern·ndez, JosÈ
En este trabajo se mostrar·n los estudios de expansiones supersÛnicas de para-H2 desde toberas criogÈnicas, realizados en el laboratorio de Fluidodin·mica Molecular del IEM. Hemos registrado los espectros Raman de dichas expansiones en el intervalo de frecuencias de 4145 a 4162 cm-1, prÛximo a la lÌnea Q(0) del monÛmero no rotante H2, a 4161.18 cm-1. En el espectro Raman, adem·s de la lÌnea Q(0) del monÛmero, se observan unos picos dÈbiles, que, por su comportamiento con la temperatura de la tobera y la distancia a la misma, asignamos a la transiciÛn homÛloga en agregados de p-H2. Dependiendo de las condiciones, se observan agregados pequeÒos (de 2 a 13 molÈculas de p-H2), agregados medios y masivos, y se llega incluso al lÌquido y al sÛlido. Las asignaciones se apoyan en un modelo sencillo, basado en la perturbaciÛn, debida al potencial intermolecular, de los estados vibracionales v=0 y v=1 en los agregados de p-H2. Se mostrar·n detalles de la instalaciÛn experimental, ejemplos de los espectros obtenidos en diversas condiciones, y detalles de la interpretaciÛn cuantitativa.
Variation in mangrove forest structure and sediment characteristics in Bocas del Toro, Panama
Lovelock, C.E.; Feller, Ilka C.; McKee, K.L.; Thompson, R.
Mangrove forest structure and sediment characteristics were examined in the extensive mangroves of Bocas del Toro, Republic of Panama. Forest structure was characterized to determine if spatial vegetation patterns were repeated over the Bocas del Toro landscape. Using a series of permanent plots and transects we found that the forests of Bocas del Toro were dominated by Rhizophora mangle with very few individuals of Avicennia germinans and Laguncularia racemosa. Despite this low species diversity, there was large variation in forest structure and in edaphic conditions (salinity, concentration of available phosphorus, Eh and sulphide concentration). Aboveground biomass varied 20-fold, from 6.8 Mg ha-1 in dwarf forests to 194.3 Mg ha-1 in the forests fringing the land. But variation in forest structure was predictable across the intertidal zone. There was a strong tree height gradient from seaward fringe (mean tree height 3.9 m), decreasing in stature in the interior dwarf forests (mean tree height 0.7 m), and increasing in stature in forests adjacent to the terrestrial forest (mean tree height 4.1 m). The predictable variation in forest structure emerges due to the complex interactions among edaphic and plant factors. Identifying predictable patterns in forest structure will aid in scaling up the ecosystem services provided by mangrove forests in coastal landscapes. Copyright 2005 College of Arts and Sciences.
Observaciones del disco solar y de una protuberancia quiescente en radiación ultravioleta
NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)
Cirigliano, D.; Vial, J.-C.; Rovira, M.
Observaciones del disco solar y de una protuberancia quiescente en el rango de longitudes de onda ultravioleta fueron obtenidas con el instrumento CDS (Coronal Diagnostic Spectrograph) y SUMER (Solar Ultraviolet Measurements of emitted radiation) a bordo de la sonda SOHO. El propósito es investigar las velocidades macroscópicas de varias especies metálicas que se observan tanto en el disco solar como en el plasma de las protuberancias. Para calcular las velocidades del disco solar aplicamos una técnica mixta para modelar la distribución de estructuras en UV en el Sol quieto. Las velocidades macroscópicas en las protuberancias se calcularon a partir de los corrimientos Doppler en cada línea espectral y luego se tomaron las del disco solar como referencia. Obtuvimos valores absolutos para las velocidades macroscópicas entre 5 y 40 km/seg. También detectamos comportamientos diferentes en las velocidades de las protuberancias en el centro con respecto a los bordes.
Campano-Maastrichtian foraminifera from onshore sediments in the Rio del Rey Basin, Southwest Cameroon
NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)
Njoh, Oliver Anoh; Victor, Obiosio; Christopher, Agyingi
Campanian-Maastrichtian marine sediments outcrop in five genetically linked sedimentary basins along the West African coast in the Gulf of Guinea, from the Douala Basin in Cameroon to the Anambra Basin in Nigeria. These sediments in the more centrally located Rio del Rey Basin have been the least studied. Therefore, the geologic history of this region has merely been speculative. The Rio del Rey Basin like the adjacent Niger Delta is producing hydrocarbon from the offshore Tertiary sedimentary interval in which all studies have been focused, neglecting the onshore Cretaceous sediments. Outcrops in the basin are rare, small and highly weathered. Samples from some of these sediments have yielded a few Planktonic and dominantly benthonic foraminiferal assemblages. The long-ranging heterohelix and hedbergellids characterized the planktics while the species Afrobolivina afra which is a well known diagnostic taxon for Campanian-Maastrichtian sediments in West African basins clearly dominate the benthic assemblage. Its occurrence in association with other Upper Cretaceous forms such as Bolivina explicata, Praebulimina exiqua, Gabonita lata, Ammobaculites coprolithiformis amongst others, formed the basis on which this age was assigned to the sediments sampled from the Rio del Rey Basin. Hence, this work has undoubtedly established the much needed link in this regional geologic history and correlates these sediments with the Logbaba and Nkporo Formations in the Douala Basin in Cameroon and the southeastern Nigerian Sedimentary Basins. Thus, these units were all deposited during this same geologic period and probably controlled by the same geologic event.
Lenalidomide induces ubiquitination and degradation of CK1? in del(5q) MDS.
Krˆnke, Jan; Fink, Emma C; Hollenbach, Paul W; MacBeth, Kyle J; Hurst, Slater N; Udeshi, Namrata D; Chamberlain, Philip P; Mani, D R; Man, Hon Wah; Gandhi, Anita K; Svinkina, Tanya; Schneider, Rebekka K; McConkey, Marie; J‰rÂs, Marcus; Griffiths, Elizabeth; Wetzler, Meir; Bullinger, Lars; Cathers, Brian E; Carr, Steven A; Chopra, Rajesh; Ebert, Benjamin L
Lenalidomide is a highly effective treatment for myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS) with deletion of chromosome 5q (del(5q)). Here, we demonstrate that lenalidomide induces the ubiquitination of casein kinase 1A1 (CK1?) by the E3 ubiquitin ligase CUL4-RBX1-DDB1-CRBN (known as CRL4(CRBN)), resulting in CK1? degradation. CK1? is encoded by a gene within the common deleted region for del(5q) MDS and haploinsufficient expression sensitizes cells to lenalidomide therapy, providing a mechanistic basis for the therapeutic window of lenalidomide in del(5q) MDS. We found that mouse cells are resistant to lenalidomide but that changing a single amino acid in mouse Crbn to the corresponding human residue enables lenalidomide-dependent degradation of CK1?. We further demonstrate that minor side chain modifications in thalidomide and a novel analogue, CC-122, can modulate the spectrum of substrates targeted by CRL4(CRBN). These findings have implications for the clinical activity of lenalidomide and related compounds, and demonstrate the therapeutic potential of novel modulators of E3 ubiquitin ligases. PMID:26131937
Proteolytic effect of Cynara cardunculus rennet for use in the elaboration of 'Torta del Casar' cheese.
Ordiales, Elena; Benito, Maria JosÈ; Martin, Alberto; Fern·ndez, Margarita; Hern·ndez, Alejandro; de Guia CÛrdoba, Maria
The purpose of this work was to analyse the influence of rennet from different Cynara cardunculus plants, selected for its clotting and proteolytic activity on caseins, on the characteristics of manufactured 'Torta del Casar' cheeses. After classifying the cardoon according to proteolytic activity into five groups of greater or lesser activity, 16 batches of cheeses were made with rennet derived from different wild cardoon plants. We observed a major development of the proteolysis during ripening leading to the generation of non-protein nitrogen compounds. Especially noteworthy was the relationship of amino acid nitrogen (AN) generation with rennet clotting activity after 24 h of maceration, and the fact that the production of biogenic amines was not related to the proteolytic activity of the rennet. The activities of the rennet observed 'in vitro' were also developed 'in vivo' in the cheeses, with the different rennets used affecting the final sensory characteristics of cheeses. The rennet with high clotting activity after 24 h of maceration was positively correlated with the creaminess, viscosity, and acceptability of the cheese. However, the high proteolytic activity rennet negatively influenced the acidity, bitterness, and creaminess parameters. Therefore the most appropriate cardoons for making this cheese are those with higher clotting activities and moderate proteolytic activities especially on ?-casein. The use of controlled and characterised cardoons in the manufacturing process of Torta del Casar is fundamental to obtaining the homogeneous product demanded by the Torta del Casar Registry of the Protected Designation of Origin. PMID:24063288
Lenalidomide for myelodysplastic syndromes with del(5q): how long should it last?
Vozella, Federico; Latagliata, Roberto; Carmosino, Ida; Volpicelli, Paola; Montagna, Chiara; Romano, Angela; Roberto, Amanda; Finsinger, Paola; Mancini, Marco; Breccia, Massimo; Oliva, Esther; Oliva, Esther
Lenalidomide induces in patients with myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS) and del(5q) erythroid and cytogenetic response rates as high as 75% and 50%, respectively. It is still unclear, however, how long lenalidomide treatment should be continued and whether or not the drug could be interrupted. To assess the feasibility of lenalidomide discontinuation, we revised a cohort of 16 low-risk MDS patients with del(5q) treated at our institute in a phase II multicentric Italian study. Among the 12 responding patients, four discontinued lenalidomide while in complete response. All four patients needed during treatment a permanent lenalidomide reduction from 10 to 5?mg/day because of haematological toxicity (three patients) or grade 3 muscular and bone pain (one patient). At lenalidomide discontinuation after 16, 20, 27 and 20?months from the start, respectively, all four patients were in complete hematologic response and three forth in complete cytogenetic response. Three patients are still in response after 36, 30 and 20?months from lenalidomide discontinuation, respectively: The remaining patient relapsed after 20?months, and she is now receiving a new course of lenalidomide. In conclusion, long-lasting remissions are achievable in MDS patients with del(5q) in complete response after lenalidomide discontinuation. PMID:25950027
A Precambrian cratonic block in the west-central Chihuahua - The Sierra del Nido cratonic block
Goodell, P.C. . Dept. of Geological)
Precambrian rocks in west-central Chihuahua have been recognized by Denison (1969) and Mauger et al. (1983), on the basis of radiometric dating. The rocks are rhyolite clasts, and an allucthonous block, respectively, however their source direction and vergence can be measured. They point back to and are on the edge of a large, uniform, negative Bouguer gravity anomaly, having values greater than 200 milligals. The isotopic geochemical character of several Tertiary felsic fields within this anomalous are has been determined, and initial strontium isotopic ratios are all greater than 0.7055. Outside the anomalous area these ratios are lower, and Basin and Range extension tectonism is more evident. It is proposed that a Precambrian cratonic block, the Sierra del Nido, is present in the crust in west-central Chihuahua. It is reasonable to propose that it was decreted from North America during a Precambrian extensional (1.1. By ) event, from somewhere along the Arizona Transition Zone-Texas Linament region. The Sierra del Nido Block is separated form the ATZ-TL by a region of disrupted craton and extended crust, the Basin and Range Province. Implications of the pressure of the Sierra del Nido Block on other regional tectonic events will be discussed.
La reconstrucción del seno después de una mastectomía
Hoja informativa que describe la reconstrucción del seno (mama) después de una mastectomía. Contiene información sobre las opciones quirúrgicas, los cuidados de seguimiento y los exámenes de detección del cáncer de seno después de la reconstrucción.
'àܬÝDNMT3B4-del Contributes to Aberrant DNA Methylation Patterns in Lung Tumorigenesis
Ma, Mark Z.; Lin, Ruxian; Carrillo, José; Bhutani, Manisha; Pathak, Ashutosh; Ren, Hening; Li, Yaokun; Song, Jiuzhou; Mao, Li
Aberrant DNA methylation is a hallmark of cancer but mechanisms contributing to the abnormality remain elusive. We have previously shown that ∆DNMT3B is the predominantly expressed form of DNMT3B. In this study, we found that most of the lung cancer cell lines tested predominantly expressed DNMT3B isoforms without exons 21, 22 or both 21 and 22 (a region corresponding to the enzymatic domain of DNMT3B) termed DNMT3B/∆DNMT3B-del. In normal bronchial epithelial cells, DNMT3B/ΔDNMT3B and DNMT3B/∆DNMT3B-del displayed equal levels of expression. In contrast, in patients with non-small cell lung cancer NSCLC), 111 (93%) of the 119 tumors predominantly expressed DNMT3B/ΔDNMT3B-del, including 47 (39%) tumors with no detectable DNMT3B/∆DNMT3B. Using a transgenic mouse model, we further demonstrated the biological impact of ∆DNMT3B4-del, the ∆DNMT3B-del isoform most abundantly expressed in NSCLC, in global DNA methylation patterns and lung tumorigenesis. Expression of ∆DNMT3B4-del in the mouse lungs resulted in an increased global DNA hypomethylation, focal DNA hypermethylation, epithelial hyperplastia and tumor formation when challenged with a tobacco carcinogen. Our results demonstrate ∆DNMT3B4-del as a critical factor in developing aberrant DNA methylation patterns during lung tumorigenesis and suggest that ∆DNMT3B4-del may be a target for lung cancer prevention. PMID:26629529
Estimaciones de Prevalencia del VIH por Género y Grupo de Riesgo en Tijuana, México: 2006
Iñiguez-Stevens, Esmeralda; Brouwer, Kimberly C.; Hogg, Robert S.; Patterson, Thomas L.; Lozada, Remedios; Magis-Rodriguez, Carlos; Elder, John P.; Viani, Rolando M.; Strathdee, Steffanie A.
OBJETIVO Estimar la prevalencia del VIH en adultos de 15-49 años de edad en Tijuana, México - en la población general y en subgrupos de riesgo en el 2006. METODOS Se obtuvieron datos demográficos del censo Mexicano del 2005, y la prevalencia del VIH se obtuvo de la literatura. Se construyó un modelo de prevalencia del VIH para la población general y de acuerdo al género. El análisis de sensibilidad consistió en estimar errores estándar del promedio-ponderado de la prevalencia del VIH y tomar derivados parciales con respecto a cada parámetro. RESULTADOS La prevalencia del VIH es 0.54%(N = 4,347) (Rango: 0.22%–0.86%, (N = 1,750–6,944)). Esto sugiere que 0.85%(Rango: 0.39%–1.31%) de los hombres y 0.22%(Rango: 0.04%–0.40%) de las mujeres podrían ser VIH-positivos. Los hombres que tienen sexo con hombres (HSH), las trabajadoras sexuales usuarias de drogas inyectables (MTS-UDI), MTS-noUDI, mujeres UDI, y los hombres UDI contribuyeron las proporciones más elevadas de personas infectadas por el VIH. CONCLUSIONES El número de adultos VIH-positivos entre subgrupos de riesgo en la población de Tijuana es considerable, marcando la necesidad de enforcar las intervenciones de prevención en sus necesidades específicas. El presente modelo estima que hasta 1 en cada 116 adultos podrían ser VIH-positivos. PMID:19685824
Identification and functional characterisation of a novel KCNJ2 mutation, Val302del, causing Andersen-Tawil syndrome.
÷rdˆg, Bal·zs; Hategan, Lidia; Kov·cs, M·ria; SeprÈnyi, Gyˆrgy; Kohajda, ZsÛfia; Nagy, Istv·n; Heged?s, Zolt·n; Kˆrnyei, L·szlÛ; Jost, Norbert; Katona, M·rta; Szekeres, MiklÛs; Forster, Tam·s; Papp, Julius Gy; VarrÛ, Andr·s; Sepp, RÛbert
Loss-of-function mutations of the KCNJ2 gene encoding for the inward rectifier potassium channel subunit Kir2.1 cause Andersen-Tawil Syndrome (ATS), a rare genetic disorder characterised by periodic paralysis, ventricular arrhythmias, and dysmorphic features. Clinical manifestations of the disease appear to vary greatly with the nature of mutation, therefore, functional characterisation of ATS-causing mutations is of clinical importance. In this study, we describe the identification and functional analysis of a novel KCNJ2 mutation, Val302del, identified in a patient with ATS. Heterologously expressed wild type (WT) and Val302del mutant alleles showed similar subcellular distribution of the Kir2.1 protein with high intensity labelling from the membrane region, demonstrating normal membrane trafficking of the Val302del Kir2.1 variant. Cells transfected with the WT allele displayed a robust current with strong inward rectification, while no current above background was detected in cells expressing the Val302del Kir2.1 subunit. Co-transfection of CHO cells with the WT and the Val302del Kir2.1 revealed a dose-dependent inhibitory effect of the Val302del Kir2.1 mutant subunit on WT Kir2.1 currents. These observations indicate that the WT and the Val302del mutant subunits co-assemble in the cell membrane and that the mutation affects potassium conductivity and (or) gating of the WT/Val302del heteromeric Kir2.1 channels. PMID:26103554
DEL RBC transfusion should be avoided in particular blood recipient in East Asia due to allosensitization and ineffectiveness*
Shao, Chao-peng; Wang, Bao-yan; Ye, Shi-hui; Zhang, Wen-li; Xu, Hua; Zhuang, Nai-bao; Wu, Xiao-ying; Xu, Heng-gui
Previously, both primary and secondary anti-D alloimmunizations induced by ìAsian typeî DEL (RHD1227A allele) were observed in two incidents. We investigated how often these alloimmunization events occur. The transfusions of any D-negative patients were investigated in the First Affiliated Hospital of Xiían Jiaotong University Medical College, China, during the entire 2009. The antigens of D, C, c, E, and e were routinely serotyped. The ìAsian typeî DEL variant was genotyped and the RHD heterozygote was determined through two published methods. The changes in anti-D levels were monitored by the indirect antiglobulin test (IAT) and flow cytometry. Thirty D-negative transfused patients were included in the study. We focused on 11 recipients who were transfused with packed red blood cells (RBCs) from DEL donors at least one time. Of those 11 recipients, seven were anti-D negative before transfusion and four were anti-D positive (one patient with an autoantibody). One of the seven pre-transfusion anti-D negative patients produced a primary-response anti-D after being transfused with 400 ml of DEL blood twice. All four pre-transfusion antibody positive patients were not observed hemoglobin (Hb) levels increased, as expected after transfusions. Two patients had an increase in anti-D from 1:8 to 1:64 by IAT, which was also shown by flow cytometry. None of the patients experienced an acute hemolytic episode. Our data indicated that the primary anti-D induced by DEL transfusion or the secondary anti-D elevated by DEL in a truly D-negative patient might not be unusual. We suggest that a truly D-negative childbearing-aged woman should avoid DEL transfusion to protect her from primary anti-D allosensitization. In addition, anti-D positive recipients should also avoid DEL red cell transfusion due to the delayed hemolytic transfusion reaction (DHTR). PMID:23125084
Correction of the F508del-CFTR protein processing defect in vitro by the investigational drug VX-809
Van Goor, Fredrick; Hadida, Sabine; Grootenhuis, Peter D. J.; Burton, Bill; Stack, Jeffrey H.; Straley, Kimberly S.; Decker, Caroline J.; Miller, Mark; McCartney, Jason; Olson, Eric R.; Wine, Jeffrey J.; Frizzell, Ray A.; Ashlock, Melissa; Negulescu, Paul A.
Cystic fibrosis (CF) is caused by mutations in the CF transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) gene that impair the function of CFTR, an epithelial chloride channel required for proper function of the lung, pancreas, and other organs. Most patients with CF carry the F508del CFTR mutation, which causes defective CFTR protein folding and processing in the endoplasmic reticulum, resulting in minimal amounts of CFTR at the cell surface. One strategy to treat these patients is to correct the processing of F508del-CFTR with small molecules. Here we describe the in vitro pharmacology of VX-809, a CFTR corrector that was advanced into clinical development for the treatment of CF. In cultured human bronchial epithelial cells isolated from patients with CF homozygous for F508del, VX-809 improved F508del-CFTR processing in the endoplasmic reticulum and enhanced chloride secretion to approximately 14% of non-CF human bronchial epithelial cells (EC50, 81 ± 19 nM), a level associated with mild CF in patients with less disruptive CFTR mutations. F508del-CFTR corrected by VX-809 exhibited biochemical and functional characteristics similar to normal CFTR, including biochemical susceptibility to proteolysis, residence time in the plasma membrane, and single-channel open probability. VX-809 was more efficacious and selective for CFTR than previously reported CFTR correctors. VX-809 represents a class of CFTR corrector that specifically addresses the underlying processing defect in F508del-CFTR. PMID:21976485
Role of additional chromosomal changes in the prognostic value of t(4;14) and del(17p) in multiple myeloma: the IFM experience.
Hebraud, Benjamin; Magrangeas, Florence; Cleynen, Alice; Lauwers-Cances, Valerie; Chretien, Marie-Lorraine; Hulin, Cyrille; Leleu, Xavier; Yon, Edwige; Marit, Gerald; Karlin, Lionel; Roussel, Murielle; Stoppa, Anne-Marie; Belhadj, Karim; Voillat, Laurent; Garderet, Laurent; Macro, Margaret; Caillot, Denis; Mohty, Mohamad; Facon, Thierry; Moreau, Philippe; Attal, Michel; Munshi, Nikhil; Corre, Jill; Minvielle, Stephane; Avet-Loiseau, Herve
In multiple myeloma, cytogenetic changes are important predictors of patient outcome. In this setting, the most important changes are deletion 17p, del(17p), and translocation of chromosomes 4 and 14, t(4;14), conferring a poor outcome. However, a certain degree of heterogeneity is observed in the survival of these high-risk patients. We hypothesized that other chromosomal changes may impact the outcome. We retrospectively analyzed a large series of 242 patients displaying either t(4;14) (157 patients) or del(17p) (110 patients), 25 patients presenting both abnormalities, using single nucleotide polymorphism array. In patients with t(4;14), del(1p32), del22q, and >30 chromosomal structural changes negatively impacted progression-free survival (PFS). For overall survival (OS), del(13q14), del(1p32), and the number of chromosomal structural changes worsened the prognosis of patients. For patients with del(17p), del6q worsened the prognosis of patients, whereas trisomy 15 and monosomy 14 were found to have a protective effect on PFS. For OS, del(1p32) worsened the prognosis of patients, whereas having >8 numerical changes was found to have a protective effect on survival. This study, which is the largest series of high-risk patients analyzed with the most modern genomic technique, identified 1 main factor negatively impacting survival: del(1p32). PMID:25636340
Antagonistic effects of IL-17 and D-resolvins on endothelial Del-1 expression through a GSK-3β-C/EBPβ pathway.
Maekawa, Tomoki; Hosur, Kavita; Abe, Toshiharu; Kantarci, Alpdogan; Ziogas, Athanasios; Wang, Baomei; Van Dyke, Thomas E; Chavakis, Triantafyllos; Hajishengallis, George
Del-1 is an endothelial cell-secreted anti-inflammatory protein. In humans and mice, Del-1 expression is inversely related to that of IL-17, which inhibits Del-1 through hitherto unidentified mechanism(s). Here we show that IL-17 downregulates human endothelial cell expression of Del-1 by targeting a critical transcription factor, C/EBPβ. Specifically, IL-17 causes GSK-3β-dependent phosphorylation of C/EBPβ, which is associated with diminished C/EBPβ binding to the Del-1 promoter and suppressed Del-1 expression. This inhibitory action of IL-17 can be reversed at the GSK-3β level by PI3K/Akt signalling induced by D-resolvins. The biological relevance of this regulatory network is confirmed in a mouse model of inflammatory periodontitis. Intriguingly, resolvin-D1 (RvD1) confers protection against IL-17-driven periodontal bone loss in a Del-1-dependent manner, indicating an RvD1-Del-1 axis against IL-17-induced pathological inflammation. The dissection of signalling pathways regulating Del-1 expression provides potential targets to treat inflammatory diseases associated with diminished Del-1 expression, such as periodontitis and multiple sclerosis. PMID:26374165
Antagonistic effects of IL-17 and D-resolvins on endothelial Del-1 expression through a GSK-3β-C/EBPβ pathway
Maekawa, Tomoki; Hosur, Kavita; Abe, Toshiharu; Kantarci, Alpdogan; Ziogas, Athanasios; Wang, Baomei; Van Dyke, Thomas E.; Chavakis, Triantafyllos; Hajishengallis, George
Del-1 is an endothelial cell-secreted anti-inflammatory protein. In humans and mice, Del-1 expression is inversely related to that of IL-17, which inhibits Del-1 through hitherto unidentified mechanism(s). Here we show that IL-17 downregulates human endothelial cell expression of Del-1 by targeting a critical transcription factor, C/EBPβ. Specifically, IL-17 causes GSK-3β-dependent phosphorylation of C/EBPβ, which is associated with diminished C/EBPβ binding to the Del-1 promoter and suppressed Del-1 expression. This inhibitory action of IL-17 can be reversed at the GSK-3β level by PI3K/Akt signalling induced by D-resolvins. The biological relevance of this regulatory network is confirmed in a mouse model of inflammatory periodontitis. Intriguingly, resolvin-D1 (RvD1) confers protection against IL-17-driven periodontal bone loss in a Del-1-dependent manner, indicating an RvD1-Del-1 axis against IL-17-induced pathological inflammation. The dissection of signalling pathways regulating Del-1 expression provides potential targets to treat inflammatory diseases associated with diminished Del-1 expression, such as periodontitis and multiple sclerosis. PMID:26374165
500 days of Stromgren b, y and narrow-band [OIII], H ? photometric evolution of gamma-ray Nova Del 2013 (=V339 Del)
NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)
Munari, Ulisse; Maitan, Alessandro; Moretti, Stefano; Tomaselli, Salvatore
We present and discuss highly accurate photometry obtained through medium Stromgren y, b bands and narrow [OIII], H? bands covering 500 days of the evolution of Nova Del 2013 since its maximum brightness. This is by far the most complete study of any nova observed in such photometric systems. The nova behavior in these photometric bands is very different from that observed with the more conventional broad bands like UBVRC IC or u?g?r?i?z? , providing unique information about extent and ionization of the ejecta, the onset of critical phases like the transition between optically thick and thin conditions, and re-ionization by the central super-soft X-ray source. The actual transmission profiles of the y, b , [OIII] and H? photometric filters have been accurately measured at different epochs and different illumination angles, to evaluate in detail their performance under exact operating conditions. The extreme smoothness of both the H? and [OIII] lightcurves argues for absence of large and abrupt discontinuities in the ejecta of Nova Del 2013. Should they exist, glitches in the lightcurves would have appeared when the ionization and/or recombination fronts overtook them. During the period of recorded very large variability (up to 100◊ over a single day) in the super-soft X-ray emission (from day +69 to +86 past V maximum), no glitch in excess of 1% was observed in the optical photometry, either in the continuum (Stromgren y) or in the lines ([OIII] and H? filters), or in a combination of the two (Stromgren b, Johnson B and V). Considering that the recombination time scale in the ejecta was one week at that time, this excludes global changes of the white dwarf as the source of the X-ray variability and supports instead clumpy ejecta passing through the line of sight to us as its origin.
Restoration of CFTR function in patients with cystic fibrosis carrying the F508del-CFTR mutation
Stefano, Daniela De; Villella, Valeria R; Esposito, Speranza; Tosco, Antonella; Sepe, Angela; Gregorio, Fabiola De; Salvadori, Laura; Grassia, Rosa; Leone, Carlo A; Rosa, Giuseppe De; Maiuri, Maria C; Pettoello-Mantovani, Massimo; Guido, Stefano; Bossi, Anna; Zolin, Anna; Venerando, Andrea; Pinna, Lorenzo A; Mehta, Anil; Bona, Gianni; Kroemer, Guido; Maiuri, Luigi; Raia, Valeria
Restoration of BECN1/Beclin 1-dependent autophagy and depletion of SQSTM1/p62 by genetic manipulation or autophagy-stimulatory proteostasis regulators, such as cystamine, have positive effects on mouse models of human cystic fibrosis (CF). These measures rescue the functional expression of the most frequent pathogenic CFTR mutant, F508del, at the respiratory epithelial surface and reduce lung inflammation in CftrF508del homozygous mice. Cysteamine, the reduced form of cystamine, is an FDA-approved drug. Here, we report that oral treatment with cysteamine greatly reduces the mortality rate and improves the phenotype of newborn mice bearing the F508del-CFTR mutation. Cysteamine was also able to increase the plasma membrane expression of the F508del-CFTR protein in nasal epithelial cells from F508del homozygous CF patients, and these effects persisted for 24Ýh after cysteamine withdrawal. Importantly, this cysteamine effect after washout was further sustained by the sequential administration of epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG), a green tea flavonoid, both in vivo, in mice, and in vitro, in primary epithelial cells from CF patients. In a pilot clinical trial involving 10 F508del-CFTR homozygous CF patients, the combination of cysteamine and EGCG restored BECN1, reduced SQSTM1 levels and improved CFTR function from nasal epithelial cells in vivo, correlating with a decrease of chloride concentrations in sweat, as well as with a reduction of the abundance of TNF/TNF-alpha (tumor necrosis factor) and CXCL8 (chemokine [C-X-C motif] ligand 8) transcripts in nasal brushing and TNF and CXCL8 protein levels in the sputum. Altogether, these results suggest that optimal schedules of cysteamine plus EGCG might be used for the treatment of CF caused by the F508del-CFTR mutation. PMID:25350163
The Torres del Paine intrusion as a model for a shallow magma chamber
NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)
Baumgartner, Lukas; Bodner, Robert; Leuthold, Julien; Muntener, Othmar; Putlitz, Benita; Vennemann, Torsten
The shallow magmatic Torres del Paine Intrusive Complex (TPIC) belongs to a series of sub-volcanic and plutonic igneous bodies in Southern Chile and Argentina. This trench-parallel belt is located in a transitional position between the Patagonia Batholith in the West, and the alkaline Cenozoic plateau lavas in the East. While volumetrically small amounts of magmatism started around 28 my ago in the Torres del Paine area, and a second period occurred between 17-16 Ma, it peaked with the TPIC 12.59-12.43 Ma ago. The spectacular cliffs of the Torres del Paine National park provide a unique opportunity to study the evolution of a very shallow magma chamber and the interaction with its host rocks. Intrusion depth can be estimated based on contact metamorphic assemblages and granite solidus thermobarometry to 750±250 bars, corresponding to an intrusion depth of ca. 3km, ca. 500m above the base of the intrusion. Hornblende thermobarometry in mafic rocks agrees well with these estimates (Leuthold et al., 2014). The TPIC is composed of a granitic laccolith emplaced over 90ka (Michel et al., 2008) in 3 major, several 100m thick sheets, forming an overall thickness of nearly 2 km. Contacts are sharp between sheets, with the oldest sheet on the top and the youngest on the bottom (Michel et al., 2008). The granitic laccolith is under-plated by a ca. 400m thick mafic laccolith, built up over ca. 50ka (Leuthold et al. 2012), constructed from the bottom up. Granitic and mafic sheets are themselves composed of multiple metric to decametric pulses, mostly with ductile contacts between them, resulting in outcrop patterns resembling braided stream sediments. The contact of the TPIC with the Cretaceous flysch sediments document intrusion mechanism. Pre-existing sub-horizontal fold axes are rotated in the roof of the TPIC, clearly demonstrating ballooning of the roof; no ballooning was observed in the footwall of the intrusion. Extension during ballooning of the roof is indicated by dykes emanating from the roof of the intrusion into the host rocks. The dykes are perpendicular to the contact, radially shooting into the country rocks. Since the oldest granite is found in the roof, it is also permeated by dykes of successive intrusions. Contact metamorphism can be used to constrain the granite intrusion temperature to ca. 1000∞C. Intrusion occurred in multiple pulses along the granite-host rock contact, in rapid succession, before significant cooling occurred in the aureole. Hydration of the biotite and feldspar of the immature sediments in the outer aureole contributed significantly to the overall thermal signature of the host-rock-TPIC system. In contrast, stable isotopes do not document significant fluid circulation. Leuthold, J., M¸ntener, O., Baumgartner, L., Putlitz, B., Ovtcharova, M., Schaltegger, U. (2012) Time resolved construction of a granitic to mafic laccolith (Torres del Paine, Patagonia). Earth Plan Sci Lett. 325. 85-92 Leuthold J., M¸ntener O., Baumgartner L.P., Putlitz B., (2014) Recycling of mafic crystal mush, transport and emplacement in the Torres del Paine mafic complex (Patagonia). J. Petrology; accepted pending revision Michel, J., Baumgartner, L.P. Putlitz, B., Ovtcharova, M., Schaltegger, U. (2008) Incremental growth of a shallow crustal laccolith over 80 kyrs: the Torres del Paine Granite, Patagonia. Geology vol. 36, 459-462
NFKB1 -94ins/del ATTG polymorphism increases osteosarcoma risk in a Chinese Han population.
Li, Xiyi; Zhang, Chenglin; Qiao, Wei; Zhou, Xuhui; Sun, Menghong
Osteosarcoma is one of the most common bone malignancies. The Nuclear factor-?B1 (NFKB1) gene plays an important role in the pathogenesis of osteosarcoma. The objective of this study aimed to detect the potential association between NFKB1 -94 ins/del ATTG polymorphism and osteosarcoma susceptibility in Chinese Han population. We recruited 220 osteosarcoma patients and 222 cancer-free controls in this case-control study. The NFKB1 -94 ins/del ATTG polymorphism by the polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR-RFLP) method. Patients with ID genotype and II genotype showed higher risk of osteosarcoma than individuals with DD genotype (OR=1.54, 95% CI 1.00-2.44, P=0.05; OR=1.72, 95% CI 1.01-2.93, P=0.04), respectively. Subjects with ID or II genotype also showed increased risk of osteosarcoma (OR=1.60, 95% CI 1.04-2.47, P=0.03). In addition, I allele was significantly associated with osteosarcoma risk (OR=1.31, 95% CI 1.01-1.71, P=0.04). We also found that this polymorphism was significantly associated with advanced osteosarcoma risk (OR=3.43, 95% CI 1.61-7.36, P=0.001) and metastatic osteosarcoma risk (OR=2.33, 95% CI 1.22-5.03, P=0.01). In conclusion, our findings indicate that osteosarcoma is associated with the NFKB1 promoter -94ins/del ATTG polymorphism. PMID:25785149
Paleomagnetic evidence for an episodic eruptive history of the Cerros del Rio volcanic field, New Mexico
NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)
Hudson, M. R.; Thompson, R. A.
The Pliocene to Quaternary (~2.6-1.14 Ma) Cerros del Rio volcanic field of northern New Mexico forms a dissected basaltic plateau sourced by multiple eruptive centers. Paleomagnetic data compliment geologic mapping, geochronologic and geochemical data to define the spatial and temporal eruptive history of Cerros del Rio volcanic deposits. The preserved stratigraphic sequence reflects three principal phases of volcanism; 1) 2.7-2.6 Ma, 2) 2.5-2.2 Ma, and 3) 1.5-1.1 Ma. Paleomagnetic data collected from 85 sites that span the area of the volcanic field largely sample phase-1 deposits that record the Guass normal-polarity chron or phase-2 deposits that record the Matuyama reversed-polarity chron. A grand mean of individual sites (excluding transitional directions) is D = 352.8∞, I = 49.7∞, k= 14, a95 = 3.9. However, normal- and reversed-polarity group means are not statistically antipodal, with the normal-polarity inclination being significantly shallower than an expected (55∞) dipole inclination. This failed reversal test suggests that paleosecular variation has not be fully averaged within both polarity groups, despite a basis on abundant data from multiple eruptive centers. Compared to variation recorded by the full volcanic field, site directions from individual eruptive centers have restricted dispersion, indicating that the centers formed quickly relative to paleosecular variation. Grouping data within individual eruptive centers to calculate eruptive-group means (EGM), directions of the normal- and reversed-polarity EGM remain skewed from antipodal. Modal analysis demonstrates the presence of multiple directional clusters among the normal-polarity EGM whereas the frequency distribution of reversed polarity EGM are symmetrical about their maximum. These paleomagnetic directional characteristics indicate that voluminous phase-1 deposits of the Cerros del Rio volcanic field probably erupted episodically during short time intervals and that several individual volcanic centers were erupted nearly synchronously.
Biophysical Characterisation of Calumenin as a Charged F508del-CFTR Folding Modulator
Tripathi, Rashmi; Benz, Nathalie; Culleton, Bridget; TrouvÈ, Pascal; FÈrec, Claude
The cystic fibrosis transmembrane regulator (CFTR) is a cyclic-AMP dependent chloride channel expressed at the apical surface of epithelial cells lining various organs such as the respiratory tract. Defective processing and functioning of this protein caused by mutations in the CFTR gene results in loss of ionic balance, defective mucus clearance, increased proliferation of biofilms and inflammation of human airways observed in cystic fibrosis (CF) patients. The process by which CFTR folds and matures under the influence of various chaperones in the secretory pathway remains incompletely understood. Recently, calumenin, a secretory protein, belonging to the CREC family of low affinity calcium binding proteins has been identified as a putative CFTR chaperone whose biophysical properties and functions remain uncharacterized. We compared hydropathy, instability, charge, unfoldability, disorder and aggregation propensity of calumenin and other CREC family members with CFTR associated chaperones and calcium binding proteins, wild-type and mutant CFTR proteins and intrinsically disordered proteins (IDPs). We observed that calumenin, along with other CREC proteins, was significantly more charged and less folded compared to CFTR associated chaperones. Moreover like IDPs, calumenin and other CREC proteins were found to be less hydrophobic and aggregation prone. Phylogenetic analysis revealed a close link between calumenin and other CREC proteins indicating how evolution might have shaped their similar biophysical properties. Experimentally, calumenin was observed to significantly reduce F508del-CFTR aggregation in a manner similar to AavLEA1, a well-characterized IDP. Fluorescence microscopy based imaging analysis also revealed altered trafficking of calumenin in bronchial cells expressing F508del-CFTR, indicating its direct role in the pathophysiology of CF. In conclusion, calumenin is characterized as a charged protein exhibiting close similarity with IDPs and is hypothesized to regulate F508del-CFTR folding by electrostatic effects. This work provides useful insights for designing optimized synthetic structural correctors of CFTR mutant proteins in the future. PMID:25120007
Multimodal Assessment of Protein Functional Deficiency Supports Pathogenicity of BRCA1 p.V1688del
De Nicolo, Arcangela; Parisini, Emilio; Zhong, Quan; Palma, Maurizia Dalla; Stoeckert, Kathryn A.; Domchek, Susan M.; Nathanson, Katherine L.; Caligo, Maria A.; Vidal, Marc; Cusick, Michael E.; Garber, Judy E.
Unequivocal discrimination between neutral variants and deleterious mutations is crucial for appropriate counseling of individuals with a BRCA1 or BRCA2 sequence change. An increasing number of variants of uncertain significance (VUSs) are being identified, whose unclassified biological effect poses clinical concerns. A multifactorial likelihood-based approach recently suggested disease causality for BRCA1 p.V1688del, a VUS recurrent in Italian breast/ovarian cancer families. Whether and how this single amino acid deletion in the BRCA1 BRCT domain affects the function of the mutant protein (ΔValBRCA1) has not been elucidated. We undertook comprehensive functional characterization of ΔValBRCA1, comprising comparative structural modeling, analysis of protein stability and associations, and analysis of DNA repair function. Our model predicted BRCT domain destabilization and folding disruption caused by BRCA1 p.V1688del. Consistently, the recombinant ΔValBRCA1 was less stable than wtBRCA1 and, unlike the latter, failed to associate with BRIP1, CtIP, and Rap80, and to re-localize to sites of DNA damage. Yeast two-hybrid analysis revealed a compromised interaction with FHL2 and with KPNA2, which is likely responsible for improper subcellular localization of ΔValBRCA1. In addition, we found four new breast/ovarian cancer families of Italian ancestry who carried this sequence alteration. These results provide the first evidence of the effect of BRCA1 p.V1688del on protein stability and function, supporting the view that it is a deleterious mutation. Multimodal analyses like ours could advance understanding of tumor suppression by BRCA1, and ultimately contribute to developing efficient strategies for screening and characterization of VUSs. PMID:19706752
Petroleum geology of the deltaic sequence, Rio Del Rey basin, offshore Cameroon
Coughlin, R.M.; Bement, W.O.; Maloney, W.V. )
The Rio Del Rey Basin of offshore Cameroon comprises the easternmost portion of the Niger delta complex. In the delta flank setting, the overall package is thinner and stratigraphic correlation simpler than in the depocenter to the west so the distribution of reservoirs and seals is well defined. Productive reservoirs are shallow, typically less than 2000 m, and mostly hydropressured to slightly overpressured. Reservoir properties generally are excellent and seismic bright-spot technology has played a major role in exploration and development efforts. Rio Del Rey is characterized by three main structural styles from north to south: (1) detachment-based growth faults, (2) highly faulted, mobile shale cored domes and ridges, and (3) toe thrusts and folds. Virtually all individual traps are fault dependent and lack of sufficient internal seals in sand-rich wave-dominated deltaic sequences can limit the objective window. Most fields are downthrown fault traps in which hanging-wall reservoirs are effectively sealed against older prodelta and marine shales. All large oil fields are located in the dome and ridge province and are potential analogs for similar structures now being explored on the upper slope off Nigeria. The best quality source rocks identified thus far are Paleocene to Eocene marine shales. Oil vs. gas distribution in the basin is a function of variations in the kerogen type, organic richness, and maturity of these source rocks. A significant quantity of the gas found to date in Rio Del Rey is biogenic in origin. The Cameroon charge model may aid in better understanding hydrocarbon distribution on offshore Nigeria, where the Miocene deltaic section is much thicker and potential Paleocene-Eocene source rocks likely are unpenetrated. The shallow deltaic play in Cameroon is relatively mature. Future exploration likely will focus on identifying deeper, nonbright-spot-supported opportunities including potential stratigraphic traps.
Online monitor detector for the protontherapy beam at the INFN Laboratori Nazionali del Sud-Catania
NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)
Givehchi, N.; Marchetto, F.; Boriano, A.; Attili, A.; Bourhaleb, F.; Cirio, R.; Cirrone, G. A. P.; Cuttone, G.; Di Rosa, F.; Donetti, M.; Garella, M. A.; Giordanengo, S.; Iliescu, S.; La Rosa, A.; Lojacono, P. A.; Nicotra, P.; Peroni, C.; Pecka, A.; Pitta, G.; Raffaele, L.; Russo, G.; Sabini, M. G.; Valastro, L. M.
A detector to monitor online the protontherapy beam at the Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare (INFN), Laboratori Nazionali del Sud (LNS) has been built and characterized. The detector is made of two ionization chambers: each chamber has the anode splitted into 256 0.5 mm strips with vertical and horizontal orientation. The chambers are part of the beam line: signals can be processed online at a speed up to 100 Hz and results are promptly available. Thus the beam geometry can be controlled continuously during patient treatment, and in case of deviation from the required conditions, the treatment can be directly concluded.
Stratigraphic context and direct dating of the Neandertal mandible from Cova del Gegant (Sitges, Barcelona).
Daura, J; Sanz, M; Pike, A W G; Subirý, M E; FornÛs, J J; Fullola, J M; Juliý, R; Zilh"o, J
Stratigraphic study of the Cova del Gegant's sedimentary fill revealed different cycles of accumulation of typical interior cave and delta facies. A precise chronology for these deposits, the faunal remains and stone tools contained therein was obtained by radiocarbon, U-Th and OSL. Our results indicate that the Upper Pleistocene archaeological sequence dates between 49.3 +/- 1.8 ka BP, the U-Th age of the overlying flowstone, and 60.0 +/- 3.9 ka BP, the OSL age of the basal deposits. We have also directly dated the site's Neandertal mandible to 52.3 +/- 2.3 ka by U-Th. PMID:20570316
Identifying bipolar knapping in the Mesolithic site of Font del Ros (northeast Iberia).
Roda Gilabert, Xavier; Mora, Rafael; MartÌnez-Moreno, Jorge
Despite recent advances in the identification of bipolar knapping, its role in many sites is not well known. We propose to assess the significance of this technique in the context of changes that occur in the Mesolithic. A lithic assemblage was recovered from unit SG at Font del Ros (Catalunya, Spain) in which pitted stones, cores and products arising from bipolar reduction (flakes, fragments and splintered pieces) were identified. This study indicates that the bipolar technique is fundamental in the settlement. These results are key to defining the organization of Holocene hunter-gatherer subsistence in northeast Iberia. PMID:26483532
[Nematodes parasitizing fishes from Termas de Rio Hondo Pond, Santiago del Estero, Argentina].
Ramallo, G
Cucullanus pinnai and Spinitectus jamundensis are cited parasitizing three freshwater fish species: Pimelodus albicans, Leporinus obtusidens and Prochilodus lineatus, captured in Termas de RÌo Hondo pond, province of Santiago del Estero, Argentina, in 1992 and 1995. The three fish species were parasited by S. jamundensis, but C. pinnai was found only in P. albicans and L. obtusidens. Morphologic and morphometric parasitological studies were carried out. The specimens described were drawned. In addition, the following parasitic infection indexes were calculated: prevalence, mean and maximum intensity. The two nematode species identified are described for the first time in Argentina and increased the host range cited for the parasite species studied in this work. PMID:10488583
InvestigaciÛn del USGS sobre el ecosistema de arrecifes de coral en el Atl·ntico
Kuffner, Ilsa B.; Yates, Kimberly K.; Zawada, David G.; Richey, Julie N.; Kellogg, Christina A.; Toth, Lauren T.; Torres-Garcia, Legna M.
Los arrecifes de coral son estructuras sÛlidas, biomineralizadas que protegen comunidades costeras actuando como barreras protectoras de peligros tales como los huracanes y los tsunamis. Estos proveen arena a las playas a travÈs de procesos naturales de erosiÛn, fomentan la industria del turismo, las actividades recreacionales y proveen h·bitats pesqueros esenciales. La conti-nua degradaciÛn mundial de ecosistemas de arrecifes de coral est· bien documentada. Existe la necesidad de enfoque y organizaciÛn de la ciencia para entender los procesos complejos fÌsicos y biolÛgicos e interacciones que est·n afectando el estado de los arrecifes coralinos y su capacidad para responder a un entorno cambiante.
[Hierba del clavo (Geum chiloense) modifying cyclosporine levels: potential risk for transplanted people].
Duclos, J; Goecke, H
We report a 54 years old male that received a renal allograft without complications. One year after the transplantation, she was receiving cyclosporine doses of 2 to 3 mg/kg and maintained serum levels of 60 to 90 mg/dl. An abrupt increase in cyclosporine serum levels to 469 and 600 mg/dl was noted after 15 months of transplantation. After a careful interrogation the patient admitted the use of Geum chiloense ("hierba del clavo"). Discontinuing this herbal remedy, cyclosporine levels decreased to 55 mg/dl, despite the maintenance of the same cyclosporine dose. The potential side effects of herbal remedies must be borne in mind. PMID:11552449
Eruption of the nevado del ruiz volcano, Colombia, on 13 november 1985: tephra fall and lahars.
Naranjo, J L; Sigurdsson, H; Carey, S N; Fritz, W
A small Plinian eruption of the Nevado del Ruiz volcano in Colombia ejected 3.5 x 10(10) kilograms of mixed dacite and andesite tephra on 13 November 1985, with a maximum column height of 31 kilometers above sea level. Small pyroclastic flows and surges, generated during the initial stage of the eruption, caused surface melting of approximately 10% of the volcano's ice cap, leading to meltwater floods. The erosive floods incorporated soils and loose sediments from the volcano's flanks and developed into lahars, which claimed at least 25,000 lives. PMID:17732038
Early neogene history of the central American arc from Bocas del Toro, western Panama
Coates, A.G.; Aubry, M.-P.; Berggren, W.A.; Collins, Luke S.; Kunk, M.
A newly discovered sequence of lower to middle Miocene rocks from the eastern Bocas del Toro archipelago, western Panama, reveals the timing and environment of the earliest stages in the rise of the Isthmus of Panama in this region. Two new formations, the Punta Alegre Formation (lower Miocene, Aquitanian to Burdigalian) and the Valiente Formation (middle Miocene, Langhian to Serravallian), are here named and formally described. The Punta Alegre Formation contains a diagnostic microfauna of benthic and planktic foraminifera and calcareous nannofossils that indicate deposition in a 2000-m-deep pre-isthmian neotropical ocean from as old as 21.5-18.3 Ma. Its lithology varies from silty mudstone to muddy foraminiferal ooze with rare thin microturbidite layers near the top. The Valiente Formation, which ranges in age from 16.4 to ca. 12.0 Ma, lies with slight angular unconformity on the Punta Alegre Formation and consists of five lithofacies: (1) columnar basalt and flow breccia, (2) pyroclastic deposits, (3) coarse-grained volcaniclastic deposits, (4) coral-reef limestone with diverse large coral colonies, and (5) marine debris-flow deposits and microturbidities. These lithofacies are interpreted to indicate that after ca. 16 Ma a volcanic arc developed in the region of Bocas del Toro and that by ca. 12 Ma an extensively emergent archipelago of volcanic islands had formed. 39Ar/40Ar dating of basalt flows associated with the fossiliferous sedimentary rocks in the upper part of the Valiente Formation strongly confirms the ages derived from planktic foraminifera and nannofossils. Paleobathymetric analysis of the two new formations in the Valiente Peninsula and Popa Island, in the Bocas del Toro archipelago, shows a general shallowing from lower- through upper-bathyal to upper-neritic and emergent laharic and fluviatile deposits from ca. 19 to 12 Ma. The overlying nonconformable Bocas del Toro Group contains a lower transgressive sequence ranging from basal nearshore sandstone to upper-bathyal mudstone (ca. 8.1-5.3. Ma) and an upper regressive sequence (5.3-3.5 Ma). A similar paleobathymetric pattern is observed from the Gatun to Chagres Formations (12-6 Ma) in the Panama Canal Basin area and in the Uscari, Rio Banana, Quebrada Chocolate, and Moin Formations (8-1.7 Ma) in the southern Limo??n Basin of Costa Rica.
Uranium series dating of human skeletal remains from the Del Mar and Sunnyvale sites, California
Bischoff, J.L.; Rosenbauer, R.J.
Uranium series analyses of human bone samples from the Del Mar and Sunnyvale sites indicate ages of 11,000 and 8300 years, respectively. The dates are supported by internal concordancy between thorium-230 and protactinium-231 decay systems. These ages are significantly younger than the estimates of 48,000 and 70,000 years based on amino acid racemization, and indicate that the individuals could derive from the population waves that came across the Bering Strait during the last sea-level low.
Uranium series dating of human skeletal remains from the del mar and sunnyvale sites, california.
Bischoff, J L; Rosenbauer, R J
Uranium series analyses of human bone samples from the Del Mar and Sunnyvale sites indicate ages of 11,000 and 8,300 years, respectively. The dates are supported by internal concordancy between thorium-230 and protactinium-231 decay systems. These ages are significantly younger than the estimates of 48,000 and 70,000 years based on amino acid racemization, and indicate that the individuals could derive from the population waves that came across the Bering Strait during the last sea-level low. PMID:17789030
2.3-11.6 Micron Measurements of Nova Del 2013 Consistent with Presence of Dust
NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)
Cass, A. C.; Carlon, R. L.; Corgan, D. T.; Dykhoff, D. A.; Gehrz, R. D.; Shenoy, D. P.
Our 2.3-11.6 micron measurements of Nova Del 2013 on 24.04 November 2013 UT using an As:Si bolometer mounted on the 0.76-m infrared telescope of the University of Minnesota's O'Brien Observatory (Marine on St. Croix, Minnesota, USA) yielded the following magnitudes: K = +5.24 +/- 0.15, L = +3.25 +/- 0.38, M = +2.00 +/- 0.26, [10.3] = -0.17 +/- 0.38, and [11.6] = -0.19 +/- 0.21. An additional measurement on 19.08 November 2013 yielded [10.3] = -0.10 +/- 0.36.
L-Band Measurement of Nova Del 2013 Consistent with Presence of Dust
NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)
Cass, A. C.; Carlon, R. L.; Corgan, D. T.; Dykhoff, D. A.; Gehrz, R. D.; Shenoy, D. P.
An L-band measurement of Nova Del 2013 on 29.17 September 2013 UT using an As:Si bolometer mounted on the 0.76-m infrared telescope of the University of Minnesota's O'Brien Observatory (Marine on St. Croix, Minnesota, USA) yielded a magnitude of L = +2.6 +/- 0.3. Vega (alpha Lyrae) was used as the standard star. This flux level is consistent with a small amount of dust having formed recently as reported in ATEL 5431.
Evolution of the etna volcano: Information from the southern wall of the Valle Del Bove Caldera
NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)
McGuire, W. J.
The greater part of Etna can be regarded as a complex strato-shield volcano constructed from the overlapping products of several centres of trachy-basaltic activity. The Valle del Bove is a horse-shoe-shaped caldera, 8 km long and 5 km wide, cut into the eastern flanks of Etna. The caldera is one of the few areas on the volcano where historic eruptions have not obscured the products of pre-historic centres of activity and these are well exposed in the cliff walls surrounding the caldera. Examination of these older volcanics provides important information on the eruptive style and internal plumbing of the Etna volcano during pre-historic times, and suggests that both were significantly different from the present day. Much of the southern wall of the Valle del Bove represents a surviving portion of the Trifoglietto II volcano, the largest pre-historic centre of activity. A stratigraphy is constructed for the southern wall, the Trifoglietto II lavas and pyroclastics rest unconformably upon the eroded remnants of an older centre, and are themselves overlain by the products of younger centres. All the lavas exposed in the southern wall are of alkalic affinity and comprise a trachybasaltic suite ranging from hawaiite to benmoreite. Variation in the chemistry of the lavas can be explained by their differentiation at high levels in the crust from a more basic magma of alkali olivine-basalt/hawaiite composition. An anomalous trend in the TiO 2 content of the Trifoglietto II lavas may be explained by the fractionation of kaersutite (Ti-rich amphibole). A study has been made of the numerous dykes exposed in the walls of the Valle del Bove, the alignments of which parallel trends which are important on Etna at the present time. It is proposed that the initial opening of the Valle del Bove occurred sometime between 20,000 and 10,000 y. B.P., as a result of a phreatic or phreato-magmatic explosion near the base of the eastern flank of Trifoglietto II. This is visualised as triggering a slope failure and resulting in the destruction of much of the centre by a catastrophic landslide. This mechanism has much in common with the explosive eruptions which produced both the Bandai-san (Japan) caldera in 1888, and the Mount St Helens caldera in May, 1980.
Frequency of CHEK2*1100delC in New York breast cancer cases and controls
Offit, Kenneth; Pierce, Heather; Kirchhoff, Tomas; Kolachana, Prema; Rapaport, Beth; Gregersen, Peter; Johnson, Steven; Yossepowitch, Orit; Huang, Helen; Satagopan, Jaya; Robson, Mark; Scheuer, Lauren; Nafa, Khedoudja; Ellis, Nathan
Background The 1100delC CHEK2 allele has been associated with a 1.4–4.7 fold increased risk for breast cancer in women carrying this mutation. While the frequency of 1100delC was 1.1–1.4% in healthy Finnish controls, the frequency of this allele in a North American control population and in North American breast cancer kindreds remains unclear. Methods We genotyped 1665 healthy New York volunteers and 300 cases of breast cancer for the CHEK2*1100delC. Results The overall frequency of the 1100delC was 3/300 (1.0%) among all cases with either a family history of breast cancer (n = 192) or a personal history of breast cancer (n = 108, of which 46 were bilateral, 46 unilateral, and 16 were male breast cancer cases), compared to a frequency of 5/1665 (0.3%) in healthy controls (p = 0.1). There was no difference in allele frequency among Ashkenazi and non-Ashkenazi controls. Conclusion The relatively low breast cancer penetrance of this allele, along with the low population frequency, will limit the clinical applicability of germline testing for CHEK2*1100delC in North American kindreds. PMID:12529183
AstronomÌa para ciegos y amblÌopes. Proyecto de construcciÛn de un planetario especial en la ciudad de Mar del Plata
NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)
Musso, S.
?`QuÈ es la AstronomÌa para Ciegos?. El trabajo es una adaptaciÛn en base a la escala de magnitudes de Hipparco que cambia el concepto de luz por una adaptaciÛn sonora, donde las estrellas de magnitud 6 se escuchan en 10 dB, m·s o menos lo que consideramos el umbral de la audiciÛn humana. Quienes no escuchan muy bien no pueden escuchar las magnitudes 6, de la misma manera que muchos de nosotros, que no poseemos una visiÛn perfecta, no podemos observar esas mismas estrellas en el cielo (m·s all· de la poluciÛn). A los astros de magnitud 5 vamos a relacionarlos a un sonido en 20 dB. Y asÌ sucesivamente. TambiÈn los colores estar·n representados en una convenciÛn de graves a agudos y lo mismo algunas caracterÌsticas del cielo. Por ejemplo, la VÌa L·ctea se mostrar· como un ``ruido", como bien nos lo hicieron ver nuestros futuros destinatarios. En Mar del Plata nos encontramos ya trabajando en un proyecto que tiene como objetivo final la construcciÛn del Primer Planetario Ac˙stico del Mundo, una herramienta para la enseÒanza de la astronomÌa, un espacio para la lucha contra la discriminaciÛn del discapacitado y una posibilidad de ``ver el cielo de un modo diferente".
Developing market class specific InDel markers from next generation sequence data in Phaseolus vulgaris L.
Moghaddam, Samira Mafi; Song, Qijian; Mamidi, Sujan; Schmutz, Jeremy; Lee, Rian; Cregan, Perry; Osorno, Juan M.; McClean, Phillip E.
Next generation sequence data provides valuable information and tools for genetic and genomic research and offers new insights useful for marker development. This data is useful for the design of accurate and user-friendly molecular tools. Common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) is a diverse crop in which separate domestication events happened in each gene pool followed by race and market class diversification that has resulted in different morphological characteristics in each commercial market class. This has led to essentially independent breeding programs within each market class which in turn has resulted in limited within market class sequence variation. Sequence data from selected genotypes of five bean market classes (pinto, black, navy, and light and dark red kidney) were used to develop InDel-based markers specific to each market class. Design of the InDel markers was conducted through a combination of assembly, alignment and primer design software using 1.6◊ to 5.1◊ coverage of Illumina GAII sequence data for each of the selected genotypes. The procedure we developed for primer design is fast, accurate, less error prone, and higher throughput than when they are designed manually. All InDel markers are easy to run and score with no need for PCR optimization. A total of 2687 InDel markers distributed across the genome were developed. To highlight their usefulness, they were employed to construct a phylogenetic tree and a genetic map, showing that InDel markers are reliable, simple, and accurate. PMID:24860578
Genetic Inhibition Of The Ubiquitin Ligase Rnf5 Attenuates Phenotypes Associated To F508del Cystic Fibrosis Mutation
Tomati, Valeria; Sondo, Elvira; Armirotti, Andrea; Caci, Emanuela; Pesce, Emanuela; Marini, Monica; Gianotti, Ambra; Ju Jeon, Young; Cilli, Michele; Pistorio, Angela; Mastracci, Luca; Ravazzolo, Roberto; Scholte, Bob; Ronai, Ze'ev; Galietta, Luis J. V.; Pedemonte, Nicoletta
Cystic fibrosis (CF) is caused by mutations in the CFTR chloride channel. Deletion of phenylalanine 508 (F508del), the most frequent CF mutation, impairs CFTR trafficking and gating. F508del-CFTR mistrafficking may be corrected by acting directly on mutant CFTR itself or by modulating expression/activity of CFTR-interacting proteins, that may thus represent potential drug targets. To evaluate possible candidates for F508del-CFTR rescue, we screened a siRNA library targeting known CFTR interactors. Our analysis identified RNF5 as a protein whose inhibition promoted significant F508del-CFTR rescue and displayed an additive effect with the investigational drug VX-809. Significantly, RNF5 loss in F508del-CFTR transgenic animals ameliorated intestinal malabsorption and concomitantly led to an increase in CFTR activity in intestinal epithelial cells. In addition, we found that RNF5 is differentially expressed in human bronchial epithelia from CF vs. control patients. Our results identify RNF5 as a target for therapeutic modalities to antagonize mutant CFTR proteins. PMID:26183966
miR-16 rescues F508del-CFTR function in native cystic fibrosis epithelial cells.
Kumar, P; Bhattacharyya, S; Peters, K W; Glover, M L; Sen, A; Cox, R T; Kundu, S; Caohuy, H; Frizzell, R A; Pollard, H B; Biswas, R
Cystic fibrosis (CF) is due to mutations in the CFTR gene, which prevents correct folding, trafficking and function of the mutant cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) protein. The dysfunctional effect of CFTR mutations, principally the F508del-CFTR mutant, is further manifested by hypersecretion of the pro-inflammatory chemokine interleukin-8 into the airway lumen, which further contributes to morbidity and mortality. We have hypothesized that microRNA (miR)-based therapeutics could rescue the dysfunctional consequences of mutant CFTR. Here we report that a miR-16 mimic can effectively rescue F508del-CFTR protein function in airway cell lines and primary cultures, of differentiated human bronchial epithelia from F508del homozygotes, which express mutant CFTR endogenously. We also identify two other miRs, miR-1 and miR-302a, which are also active. Although miR-16 is expressed at basal comparable levels in CF and control cells, miR-1 and miR-302a are undetectable. When miR mimics are expressed in CF lung or pancreatic cells, the expression of the F508del-CFTR protein is significantly increased. Importantly, miR-16 promotes functional rescue of the cyclic AMP-activated apical F508del-CFTR chloride channel in primary lung epithelial cells from CF patients. We interpret these findings to suggest that these miRs may constitute novel targets for CF therapy. PMID:26133785
Developing market class specific InDel markers from next generation sequence data in Phaseolus vulgaris L.
Moghaddam, Samira Mafi; Song, Qijian; Mamidi, Sujan; Schmutz, Jeremy; Lee, Rian; Cregan, Perry; Osorno, Juan M; McClean, Phillip E
Next generation sequence data provides valuable information and tools for genetic and genomic research and offers new insights useful for marker development. This data is useful for the design of accurate and user-friendly molecular tools. Common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) is a diverse crop in which separate domestication events happened in each gene pool followed by race and market class diversification that has resulted in different morphological characteristics in each commercial market class. This has led to essentially independent breeding programs within each market class which in turn has resulted in limited within market class sequence variation. Sequence data from selected genotypes of five bean market classes (pinto, black, navy, and light and dark red kidney) were used to develop InDel-based markers specific to each market class. Design of the InDel markers was conducted through a combination of assembly, alignment and primer design software using 1.6◊ to 5.1◊ coverage of Illumina GAII sequence data for each of the selected genotypes. The procedure we developed for primer design is fast, accurate, less error prone, and higher throughput than when they are designed manually. All InDel markers are easy to run and score with no need for PCR optimization. A total of 2687 InDel markers distributed across the genome were developed. To highlight their usefulness, they were employed to construct a phylogenetic tree and a genetic map, showing that InDel markers are reliable, simple, and accurate. PMID:24860578
Lumacaftor alone and combined with ivacaftor: preclinical and clinical trial experience of F508del CFTR correction.
Brewington, John J; McPhail, Gary L; Clancy, John P
Cystic fibrosis (CF) is an autosomal recessive disorder caused by mutations in the gene encoding the cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator protein (CFTR), leading to significant morbidity and mortality. CFTR is a chloride and bicarbonate channel at the epithelial cell membrane. The most common CFTR mutation is F508del, resulting in minimal CFTR at the plasma membrane. Current disease management is supportive, whereas an ultimate goal is to develop therapies to restore CFTR activity. We summarize experience with lumacaftor, a small molecule that increases F508del-CFTR levels at the plasma membrane. Lumacaftor in combination with ivacaftor, a modulator of CFTR gating defects, improves clinical outcome measures in patients homozygous for the F508del mutation. Lumacaftor represents a significant advancement in the treatment of biochemical abnormalities in CF. Further development of CFTR modulators will improve upon current therapies, although it remains unclear whether this approach will provide therapies for all CFTR mutations. PMID:26581802
Loss of helminth species diversity in the large hairy armadillo Chaetophractus villosus on the Tierra del Fuego Island, Argentina.
Ezquiaga, M C; Abba, A M; Navone, G T
The aim of this work is to compare the taxonomic diversity of parasite species of the large hairy armadillo Chaetophractus villosus in its native range and in another recently introduced population (Tierra del Fuego island), and to evaluate whether the isolation of the latter determines a decrease in its parasitic diversity. Forty specimens from Buenos Aires and Tierra del Fuego Provinces were collected and examined for helminths. Eleven parasite species were found in the native population, and only one species was present in Tierra del Fuego (Trichohelix tuberculata). This may be explained because isolation and climatic conditions prevent encounters between potential host species and infective forms of parasites. Further sampling will be needed throughout the entire Patagonia steppe to confirm how the characteristic parasitic fauna of C. villosus behaves across the armadillo's southern distribution. PMID:25673233
Role of casein kinase 1A1 in the biology and targeted therapy of del(5q) MDS.
Schneider, Rebekka K; Ademý, Vera; Heckl, Dirk; J‰rÂs, Marcus; Mallo, Mar; Lord, Allegra M; Chu, Lisa P; McConkey, Marie E; Kramann, Rafael; Mullally, Ann; Bejar, Rafael; SolÈ, Francesc; Ebert, Benjamin L
The casein kinase 1A1 gene (CSNK1A1) is a putative tumor suppressor gene located in the common deleted region for del(5q) myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS). We generated a murine model with conditional inactivation of Csnk1a1 and found that Csnk1a1 haploinsufficiency induces hematopoietic stem cell expansion and a competitive repopulation advantage, whereas homozygous deletion induces hematopoietic stem cell failure. Based on this finding, we found that heterozygous inactivation of Csnk1a1 sensitizes cells to a CSNK1 inhibitor relative to cells with two intact alleles. In addition, we identified recurrent somatic mutations in CSNK1A1 on the nondeleted allele of patients with del(5q) MDS. These studies demonstrate that CSNK1A1 plays a central role in the biology of del(5q) MDS and is a promising therapeutic target. PMID:25242043
La meridiana di Egnazio Danti nella Torre dei Venti in Vaticano: un'icona della riforma Gregoriana del calendario
NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)
Sigismondi, Costantino
La Torre dei Venti domina l'angolo Sud Ovest del cortile della Pigna (nell'area dei Musei Vaticani), ed è inclusa negli ambienti dell'Archivio Segreto Vaticano. Non è aperta al pubblico, ma è universalmente nota per la fama che da oltre quattrocento anni la circonda, legata alle vicende della riforma Gregoriana del calendario. La meridiana tracciata da padre Egnazio Danti (1536-1586) nella torre dei Venti, fu visitata anche da Gregorio XIII, probabilmente il 21 marzo 1581 come suppone il padre Stein, per convincersi dell'anticipo ormai arrivato a dieci giorni dell'equinozio di primavera sulla data che il concilio di Nicea aveva fissato al 21 marzo per il computo pasquale. La ricognizione astrometrica del febbraio-marzo 2009 fatta dall'autore viene qui presentata.
Role of casein kinase 1A1 in the biology and targeted therapy of del(5q) MDS
Schneider, Rebekka K.; Ademý, Vera; Heckl, Dirk; J‰rÂs, Marcus; Mallo, Mar; Lord, Allegra M.; Chu, Lisa P.; McConkey, Marie E.; Kramann, Rafael; Mullally, Ann; Bejar, Rafael; SolÈ, Francesc; Ebert, Benjamin L.
Summary The Casein kinase 1A1 gene (CSNK1A1) is a putative tumor suppressor gene located in the common deleted region for del(5q) myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS). We generated a murine model with conditional inactivation of Csnk1a1 and found that Csnk1a1 haploinsufficiency induces hematopoietic stem cell expansion and a competitive repopulation advantage whereas homozygous deletion induces hematopoietic stem cell failure. Based on this finding, we found that heterozygous inactivation of Csnk1a1 sensitizes cells to a CSNK1 inhibitor relative to cells with two intact alleles. In addition, we identified recurrent somatic mutations in CSNK1A1 on the non-deleted allele of patients with del(5q) MDS. These studies demonstrate that CSNK1A1 plays a central role in the biology of del(5q) MDS and is a promising therapeutic target. PMID:25242043
Expression of a cyanobacterial {del}{sup 6}-desaturase gene results in {gamma}-linolenic acid production in transgenic plants
Reddy, A.S.; Thomas, T.L.
Gamma-linolenic acid (GLA), a nutritionally important fatty acid in human and animal diets, is not produced in oil seed crops. Many oil seed plants, however, produce significant quantities of linoleic acid, a fatty acid that could be converted to GLA by the enzyme {del}{sup 6}-desaturase if it were present. As a first step to producing GLA in oil seed crops, we have cloned a cyanobacterial {del}{sup 6}-desaturase gene. Expression of this gene in transgenic tobacco resulted in GLA accumulation. Octadecatetraenoic acid, a highly unsaturated, industrially important fatty acid, was also found in transgenic tobacco plants expressing the cyanobacterial {del}{sup 6}-desaturase. This is the first example of engineering the production of `novel` polyunsaturated fatty acids in transgenic plants. 28 refs., 4 figs., 1 tab.
VizieR Online Data Catalog: 1 Del spectroscopy (Kubat+, 2016)
NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)
Kubat, J.; Kubatova, B.; Dolezalova, B.; Iliev, L.; Slechta, M.
Visual spectra were observed with the Perek 2-m telescope at the Ondrejov Observatory (Czech Republic) with the slit spectrograph in coude focus. We obtained medium-resolution spectra, (R~13000) with the 700-mm spectrograph focus, in which the SITe CCD 2030x800 chip of 15um pixels was used. Our spectra of 1 Del were taken on 16 September 2007. The data were reduced (bias subtracted, flat-fielded, and wavelength calibrated) using the Image Reduction and Analysis Facility (IRAF1). The spectra were normalized to continuum with a straight line to fit the far wings of the Hα line. SINFONI observations were obtained in service mode at the VLT-UT4 (Yepun) telescope at ESO under Programme-ID 093.D-0172(A) during two nights (6 and 10 June 2014). Spectroscopy of 1 Del was carried out with the SINFONI, the AO-assisted integral field spectrograph in all available near-infrared bands (J, H, and K). (2 data files).
Mesoscopic faults in the granite of Isola del Giglio (Tuscan Archipelago)
NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)
Passerini, P.; Marcucci, M.
Faults at the mesoscopic scale in the granite at Isola del Giglio are examined by considering the strike, dip, pitch of the striae and minerals on the fault planes. The pattern of faulting is areally variable. Dykes and veins are often parallel to faults, suggesting a genetic connection. A major system of faults, mainly reverse and steeply dipping, strikes north-northwest and is characterized by the frequent occurrence of crushed tourmaline, these faults are often developed along pegmatite veinlets or dykes, and were probably produced by a combination of hydraulic and shear fracturing in the final stage of cooling of the granite. Another prominent phase of faulting is testified to by ENE-striking fault planes, strike-slip to oblique-slip, devoid of tourmaline and mostly coated with chlorite. p ]The prevalence of reverse and strike-slip faults over normal faults contradicts the traditional views about dominantly extensional tectonics in this area during the Pliocene and Quaternary. Extensional deformation at Isola del Giglio ended with the granite intrusion; crustal melting and extension ended at about 5 Ma, after which subvertical and strike-slip movements became dominant.
Large residuals on geoidal heights determined on the Fagnano Lake, Tierra del Fuego-Argentina
NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)
Gomez, M. E.; Del Cogliano, D.; Perdomo, R.
A new geoid model was developed in Tierra del Fuego and it was evaluated in the area of Fagnano Lake. The model was developed by means of the Equivalent Source Technique combining gravity data, levelling information measured on the province and observations of a GPS buoy on the Fagnano Lake. Those GPS buoy measurements provide information of the mean lake level surface (Del Cogliano et al., 2007). A cross validation process was realized in order to evaluate the model on the lake. What allowed determining a 6 cm geoid in the area of Fagnano Lake. Also, an evaluation of the EGM2008 (Pavlis et al., 2008) was made on the lake. Its behaviour was compared to that observed on the levelling lines. Differences of several decimetres were found when EGM2008 undulations were compared to observed geoid undulations in the lake area. In the regions where EGM2008 has included real gravimetric observations, differences between model and observations were only of a few centimetres. Such model has the particularity that includes fill-in gravity in that region. The above mentioned evaluation derived in an analysis of the effect that not representative gravity information could have on the estimation of geoid undulations in high mountainous regions. We found that this effect could be significant if there is no real information in the computing area (Gomez et al, 2012).
Structural evolution of the SarandÌ del YÌ Shear Zone, Uruguay: kinematics, deformation conditions and tectonic significance
NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)
Oriolo, S.; OyhantÁabal, P.; Heidelbach, F.; Wemmer, K.; Siegesmund, S.
The SarandÌ del YÌ Shear Zone is a crustal-scale shear zone that separates the Piedra Alta Terrane from the Nico PÈrez Terrane and the Dom Feliciano Belt in southern Uruguay. It represents the eastern margin of the RÌo de la Plata Craton and, consequently, one of the main structural features of the Precambrian basement of Western Gondwana. This shear zone first underwent dextral shearing under upper to middle amphibolite facies conditions, giving rise to the reactivation of pre-existing crustal fabrics in the easternmost Piedra Alta Terrane. Afterwards, pure-shear-dominated sinistral shearing with contemporaneous magmatism took place under lower amphibolite to upper greenschist facies conditions. The mylonites resulting from this event were then locally reactivated by a cataclastic deformation. This evolution points to strain localization under progressively retrograde conditions with time, indicating that the SarandÌ del YÌ Shear Zone represents an example of a thinning shear zone related to the collisional to post-collisional evolution of the Dom Feliciano Belt that occurred between the Meso- to Neoproterozoic (>600 Ma) and late Ediacaran-lower Cambrian times.
Phenomena that influence high ozone concentrations in the Paso del Norte area
MacDonald, C.P.; Roberts, P.T.; Main, H.H.; Dye, T.S.; Yarbrough, J.
This paper summarizes the results of analyses of meteorological and air quality data for the 1996 Paso del Norte Ozone Study. The purpose of these data analyses was to develop an understanding of the significant chemical and physical processes which lead to high concentrations of ozone in the Paso del Norte study region which includes El Paso, TX; Sunland Park, NM; and Juarez, Mexico. This analysis has shown that the high ozone concentrations are a result of slow convective boundary layer growth, reduced convective boundary layer depth, light surface winds, and high morning surface ozone precursor concentrations. Overlying meteorological conditions observed during high ozone episodes include an upstream aloft high pressure system, aloft warming, and weak surface pressure gradients. The analysis has also shown that aloft carryover of ozone and ozone precursors does not significantly contribute to the surface ozone concentration. Furthermore, hydrocarbon and NO{sub x} data, although spatially limited, show that the system is most often NO{sub x} rather than VOC limited.
Light scattering from aerosol particles in the El Paso del Norte region / the effect of humidity
NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)
Medina Calderon, Richard
Atmospheric aerosols play an important role in climate forcing, through scattering and absorption of the incoming solar radiation. The extinction of light by the presence of atmospheric aerosols was studied using two first-principle models, and corresponding computer codes. In the first model the extinction of light from irregularly shaped aerosol particles was analyzed. In the second model it was assumed that the irregularly shaped aerosol particles were covered by a film of water, and the hygroscopicity and the extinction of light by the aerosols was analyzed. These models were then applied to the Paso del Norte region and their light extinction results compared with a local extinctiometer. The inter-comparison of the models extinction results and the extinctiometer values were well correlated. It was observed that for high humidity days the model that used an aerosol particle covered with a water film correlated better with the experimental extinctiometer measurements. While these two models were validated in the Paso del Norte region, they are also applicable to any other region, under humid or dry atmospheric conditions.
Paso del Norte pilot border study of ozone precursors and air toxics
Zielinska, B.; Sheetz, L.; Harshfield, G.
A comprehensive monitoring program for ozone precursors and air toxics in the Paso del Norte border area is planned by the U.S. EPA for the Summer of 1996. A pilot study was carried out in October 1995 in the Paso del Norte area (El Paso, Texas, Ciudad Juarez, Chihuahua, and Sunland Park, New Mexico) to test the appropriateness of proposed sampling and analysis methods and to provide preliminary data to be used for planning the Summer 1996 study. Two monitoring sites were selected, one in Ciudad Juarez, and one in the El Paso area. Samples were collected every second day from October 21 to October 31, from 0300 to 0900 hr using stainless steel canisters (for VOC in the C{sub 2}-C{sub 12} range), Tenax-TA solid adsorbent cartridges (for C{sub 8}-C{sub 20} hydrocarbons). DNPH impregnated C{sub 18} Sep-Pack cartridges (for carbonyl compounds) and Teflon impregnated glass fiber filters followed by PUF/YAD/PUF {open_quotes}sandwich{close_quotes} cartridges (for SVOC). This paper discusses the data set obtained from the analyses of these samples. 6 refs., 7 figs.
Cystic fibrosis patients from the Black Sea region: the 1677delTA mutation.
Angelicheva, D; Boteva, K; Jordanova, A; Savov, A; Kufardjieva, A; Tolun, A; Telatar, M; Akarsuba?i, A; Kˆpr¸ba?i, F; Aydo?du, S
A 2 bp deletion in exon 10 of the CFTR gene, 1677delTA, which is very rare among CF chromosomes worldwide, was found to be a relatively common cause of cystic fibrosis in countries located in the region of the Black Sea. The frequency of the mutation was compared among cystic fibrosis patients from several populations, namely Bulgarians, Turks, Greek-Cypriots, Georgians, and Russians. The deletion is most common among Georgian CF patients and gradually declines in frequency in neighbouring populations. It is invariably related to a common polymorphic haplotype which is rare among normal chromosomes in Bulgaria but was found to be common in Turkey. The geographic gradient in the frequency of the mutation, along with findings on polymorphic haplotype distribution, suggest that the mutation is relatively young in evolutionary terms and spread as the result of west and south-bound migrations originating from Georgia. The 1677delTA mutation is related to a severe clinical phenotype with a high early mortality rate among homozygotes and possibly to an increased risk of meconium ileus. PMID:8081388
Receiver Function Analyses of Uturuncu Volcano, Bolivia and Lastarria/Cordon Del Azufre Volcanoes, Chile
NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)
Mcfarlin, H. L.; Christensen, D. H.; Thompson, G.; McNutt, S. R.; Ryan, J. C.; Ward, K. M.; Zandt, G.; West, M. E.
Uturuncu Volcano and a zone between Lastarria and Cordon del Azufre Volcanoes (also calledLazufre), have seen much attention lately because of significant and rapid inflation of one to twocentimeters per year over large areas. Uturuncu is located near the Bolivian-Chilean border, andLazufre is located near the Chilean-Argentine border. The PLUTONS Project deployed 28broadband seismic stations around Uturuncu Volcano, from April 2009 to Octobor 2012, and alsodeployed 9 stations around Lastarria and Cordon del Azufre volcanoes, from November, 2011 toApril 2013. Teleseismic receiver functions were generated using the time-domain iterativedeconvolution algorithm of Ligorria and Ammon (1999) for each volcanic area. These receiverfunctions were used to better constrain the depths of magma bodies under Uturuncu and Lazufre,as well as the ultra low velocity layer within the Altiplano-Puna Magma Body (APMB). Thelow velocity zone under Uturuncu is shown to have a top around 10 km depth b.s.l and isgenerally around 20 km thick with regional variations. Tomographic inversion shows a well resolved,near vertical, high Vp/Vs anomaly directly beneath Uturuncu that correlates well with adisruption in the receiver function results; which is inferred to be a magmatic intrusion causing alocal thickening of the APMB. Preliminary results at Lazufre show the top of a low velocityzone around 5-10 km b.s.l with a thickness of 15-30 km.
BRCA1 185delAG Mutation Enhances Interleukin-1? Expression in Ovarian Surface Epithelial Cells
Woolery, Kamisha T.; Mohamed, Mai; Linger, Rebecca J.; Dobrinski, Kimberly P.; Roman, Jesse; Kruk, Patricia A.
Familial history remains the strongest risk factor for developing ovarian cancer (OC) and is associated with germline BRCA1 mutations, such as the 185delAG founder mutation. We sought to determine whether normal human ovarian surface epithelial (OSE) cells expressing the BRCA1 185delAG mutant, BRAT, could promote an inflammatory phenotype by investigating its impact on expression of the proinflammatory cytokine, Interleukin-1? (IL-1?). Cultured OSE cells with and without BRAT were analyzed for differential target gene expression by real-time PCR, western blot, ELISA, luciferase reporter, and siRNA assays. We found that BRAT cells expressed increased cellular and secreted levels of active IL-1?. BRAT-expressing OSE cells exhibited 3-fold enhanced IL-1? mRNA expression, transcriptionally regulated, in part, through CREB sites within the (?1800) to (?900) region of its promoter. In addition to transcriptional regulation, BRAT-mediated IL-1? expression appears dualistic through enhanced inflammasome-mediated caspase-1 cleavage and activation of IL-1?. Further investigation is warranted to elucidate the molecular mechanism(s) of BRAT-mediated IL-1? expression since increased IL-1? expression may represent an early step contributing to OC. PMID:26357657
DelPhi webserver: Comprehensive suite for electrostatic calculations of biological macromolecules and their complexes
NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)
Witham, Shawn; Boylen, Brett; Owesen, Barr; Rocchia, Walter; Alexov, Emil
Electrostatic forces and energies are two of the major components that contribute to the stability, function and interaction of biological macromolecules. The calculations of the electrostatic potential distribution in such systems, which are comprised of irregularly shaped objects immersed in a water phase, is not a trivial task. In addition, an accurate model requires any missing hydrogen atoms of the corresponding structural files (Protein Data Bank, or, PDB files) to be generated in silico and, if necessary, missing atoms or residues to be predicted as well. Here we report a comprehensive suite, an academic DelPhi webserver, which allows the users to upload their structural file, calculate the components of the electrostatic energy, generate the corresponding potential (and/or concentration/dielectric constant) distribution map, and choose the appropriate force field. The webserver utilizes modern technology to take user input and construct an algorithm that suits the users specific needs. The webserver uses Clemson University's Palmetto Supercomputer Cluster to handle the DelPhi calculations, which can range anywhere from small and short computation times, to extensive and computationally demanding runtimes. The work was supported by a grant from NIGMS, NIH, grant number 1R01GM093937-01.
Small molecule correctors of F508del-CFTR discovered by structure-based virtual screening
Mense, Martin; Fischman, Sharon; Shitrit, Alina; Bihler, Hermann; Ben-Zeev, Efrat; Schutz, Nili; Pedemonte, Nicoletta; Thomas, Philip J.; Bridges, Robert J.; Wetmore, Diana R.; Marantz, Yael; Senderowitz, Hanoch
Folding correctors of F508del-CFTR were discovered by in silico structure-based screening utilizing homology models of CFTR. The intracellular segment of CFTR was modeled and three cavities were identified at inter-domain interfaces: (1) Interface between the two Nucleotide Binding Domains (NBDs); (2) Interface between NBD1 and Intracellular Loop (ICL) 4, in the region of the F508 deletion; (3) multi-domain interface between NBD1:2:ICL1:2:4. We hypothesized that compounds binding at these interfaces may improve the stability of the protein, potentially affecting the folding yield or surface stability. In silico structure-based screening was performed at the putative binding-sites and a total of 496 candidate compounds from all three sites were tested in functional assays. A total of 15 compounds, representing diverse chemotypes, were identified as F508del folding correctors. This corresponds to a 3% hit rate, ∼tenfold higher than hit rates obtained in corresponding high-throughput screening campaigns. The same binding sites also yielded potentiators and, most notably, compounds with a dual corrector-potentiator activity (dual-acting). Compounds harboring both activity types may prove to be better leads for the development of CF therapeutics than either pure correctors or pure potentiators. To the best of our knowledge this is the first report of structure-based discovery of CFTR modulators. PMID:20976528
La estructura din·mica del cinturÛn de Kuiper interior y la formaciÛn de Urano y Neptuno
NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)
Melita, M. D.; Brunini, A.
De acuerdo a los m·s recientes estudios sobre la formaciÛn de Urano y Neptuno, Èstos podrÌan haber sufrido una importante migraciÛn radial hacia el exterior, debido al intercambio de momento angular con los planetesimales presentes en esa regiÛn durante las ˙ltimas etapas de la formaciÛn del Sistema Solar. Esta migraciÛn radial habrÌa tenido importantes consecuencias sobre la presente estructura din·mica del cinturÛn cometario de Kuiper. Tal como lo reflejan las observaciones, la mayorÌa de los cuerpos observados en el cinturÛn de Kuiper se encuentran en resonancia de movimientos medios exteriores con Neptuno, hecho que tambiÈn se refleja en la presente Ûrbita de PlutÛn. En el presente trabajo se estudia tanto numÈrica como analÌticamente la influencia de la variaciÛn de las masas de Urano y Neptuno durante el proceso de migraciÛn sobre las probabilidades de captura en algunas de las resonancias exteriores de Neptuno. Se estudia tambiÈn la influencia de encuentros gravitacionales mutuos sobre la estabilidad de las Ûrbitas resonantes. Este estudio ofrece argumentos de plausibilidad para explicar por quÈ ninguno de los objetos descubiertos en el cinturÛn de Kuiper se encontrarÌa en la resonancia 2:1.
Implementation of tsunami disaster prevention measures in the municipality of San Rafael del Sur, Nicaragua
NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)
Strauch, W.; Talavera, E.; Acosta, N.; Sanchez, M.; Mejia, E.
The Nicaraguan Pacific coast presents considerable tsunami risk. On September 1, 1992, a tsunami caused enormous damage in the infrastructure and killed more than 170 people. A pilot project was conducted between 2006 and 2007 in the municipality of San Rafel del Sur, area of Masachapa, The project included multiple topics of tsunami prevention measures and considering the direct participation of the local population, as: -General education on disaster prevention, participative events; -Investigation of awareness level and information needs for different population groups; -Specific educational measures in the schools; -Publication of brochures, calendars, news paper articles, radio programs, TV spots -Development of local tsunami hazard maps, 1:5,000 scale; (based on previous regional tsunami hazard mapping projects and local participation) -Development of a tsunami warning plan; -Improvements of the national tsunami warning system. -Installation of sirens for tsunami warning -Installation of tsunami signs, indicating hazardous areas, evacuation routes, safe places; -Realization of evacuation drills in schools. Based on the experiences gained in Masachapa it is planned to run similar projects in other areas along the Nicaraguan Pacific coast. In the project participated the local municipality and local stakeholders of San Rafael del Sur, Ministry of Education, National Police, Nicaraguan Red Cross, Ministry of Health, Ministry of Tourism, Nicaraguan Geosciences Institute (INETER), National System for Disaster Prevention (SINAPRED), Swiss Agency for Development and Cooperation (SDC). It was financed by SDC and INETER.
Estudio del comportamiento tribologico y de las interacciones de superficie de nuevos nanofluidos ionicos
NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)
Espinosa Rodriguez, Tulia
Ionic liquids are molten salts which are liquid at room temperature or at low temperatures and present a unique combination of properties. In the present work, we focus on their use as lubricants in complex tribological problems such as the lubrication of metals that slide against themselves, the development of water based lubricants and new self-lubricated surfaces. When it is difficult to reduce friction and wear by lubrication, as in the case of magnesium alloys, ionic liquids are studied as protective coatings precursors. Surface interactions and corrosion processes with protic and aprotic ionic liquids on copper and steel have been determined in order to develop new lubricants and lubricant additives. In the copper/copper contact, all ionic liquids present better tribological performance than the polyalphaolefin synthetic oil, except for the oleate derivative. New protic ionic liquids are not only exceptional lubricants of the steel/sapphire contact as neat lubricants, but when they are used as additives in water, the formation of a boundary layer after water evaporation occurs, thus reducing friction and wear. The formation of this boundary layer on steel under static conditions is described in order to prevent the running-in period with respect to the solution of ionic liquid in water. The best lubricating behaviour for the copper/copper contact and also for the steel/sapphire contact is obtained for the diprotic ammonium dianionic adipate, that has two carboxylate groups in its anion. A higher polarity and a higher number of ammonium protons, carboxylate and hydroxyl groups would give rise to stronger surface interaction with the metal surfaces and more stable boundary films. The tribological performance of new aprotic thiazolium ionic liquids and commercial aprotic imidazolium ionic liquids has been compared as lubricants of the steel/sapphire contact, obtaining the best results for the bis(trifluoromethanesulfonyl)imide derivatives, and also preventing tribocorrosion processes. The formation of a coating layer on magnesium alloys from phosphonate imidazolium ionic liquids by immersion and by chronoamperometry has been described. The new coatings reduce the abrasive wear in the magnesium-aluminium alloy but they are not effective in the magnesium-zinc alloy, which prevent the formation of continuous coatings. Los liquidos ionicos son sales liquidas a temperatura ambiente o bajas temperaturas que presentan excelentes propiedades fisico-quimicas. En el presente trabajo se estudian como lubricantes en problemas tribologicos complejos como la lubricacion de metales contra si mismos, el desarrollo de lubricantes base agua y de nuevas superficies autolubricadas. Cuando no es posible reducir la friccion y desgaste mediante lubricacion, como en las aleaciones de magnesio, los liquidos ionicos se han estudiado como precursores de recubrimientos protectores. Se han determinado las interacciones superficiales y los procesos de corrosion sobre cobre y sobre acero con diferentes liquidos ionicos proticos y aproticos para desarrollar nuevos lubricantes y aditivos. En el contacto cobre/cobre, excepto el liquido ionico protico derivado del oleato, todos los liquidos ionicos estudiados presentan mejor comportamiento tribologico que el lubricante comercial Polialfaolefina 6. En el contacto acero/zafiro, los nuevos liquidos ionicos proticos son buenos lubricantes cuando se utilizan en estado puro, y, como aditivos en agua, generan peliculas adsorbidas sobre la superficie del metal reduciendo la friccion y el desgaste tras la evaporacion del agua. Para evitar el periodo de alta friccion inicial en presencia de agua, se han generado peliculas superficiales de liquido ionico sobre el acero en condiciones estaticas. El mejor comportamiento lubricante tanto en el contacto cobre/cobre como en el contacto acero/zafiro se obtiene para el liquido ionico protico derivado del anion adipato, con dos grupos carboxilicos. Las interacciones de los grupos hidroxilo y carboxilato con la superficie metalica y los puentes de hidrogeno entre cation y anion podrian ser los responsables del buen comportamiento tribologico. Se ha comparado el comportamiento tribologico de los liquidos ionicos aproticos derivados de imidazolio y tiazolio como lubricantes del contacto acero/zafiro, obteniendose los mejores resultados para los derivados del anion bis(trifluorometanosulfonil)imida, que evita a su vez los procesos de tribocorrosion. Se han generado recubrimientos sobre aleaciones de magnesio con tres liquidos ionicos derivados del anion fosfonato, tanto por inmersion como mediante cronoamperometria. Los nuevos recubrimientos reducen el dano superficial por deslizamiento o abrasion de la aleacion magnesio-aluminio pero no de la aleacion magnesio-cinc, que impide la formacion de recubrimientos continuos.
EU Del: exploring the onset of pulsation-driven winds in giant stars
NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)
McDonald, I.; Zijlstra, A. A.; Sloan, G. C.; Lagadec, E.; Johnson, C. I.; Uttenthaler, S.; Jones, O. C.; Smith, C. L.
We explore the wind-driving mechanism of giant stars through the nearby (117 pc), intermediate-luminosity (L ≈ 1600 L⊙) star EU Del (HIP 101810, HD 196610). Atacama Pathfinder Experiment observations of the CO (3-2) and (2-1) transitions are used to derive a wind velocity of 9.51 ± 0.02 km s-1, a 12C/13C ratio of 14^{+9}_{-4} and a mass-loss rate of a few × 10-8 M⊙ yr-1. Analysis of published spectra show the star has a metallicity of [Fe/H] = -0.27 ± ˜0.30 dex. The star's dusty envelope lacks a clear 10-μm silicate feature, despite the star's oxygen-rich nature. Radiative transfer modelling cannot fit a wind acceleration model which relies solely on radiation pressure on condensing dust. We compare our results to VY Leo (HIP 53449), a star with similar temperature and luminosity, but different pulsation properties. We suggest the much stronger mass-loss from EU Del may be driven by long-period stellar pulsations, due to its potentially lower mass. We explore the implications for the mass-loss rate and wind velocities of other stars.
Isolation of Sphaerotilus-Leptothrix strains from iron bacteria communities in Tierra del Fuego wetlands.
Schmidt, Bertram; S·nchez, Leandro A; Fretschner, Till; Kreps, GastÛn; Ferrero, Marcela A; SiÒeriz, Faustino; Szewzyk, Ulrich
Sheath-forming iron- and manganese-depositing bacteria belonging to the Sphaerotilus-Leptothrix group (SLG) are widespread in natural and artificial water systems. Known requirements for their growth include the presence of organic substrates and molecular oxygen. High concentrations of reduced iron or manganese, although not necessary for most species, make their growth a noticeable phenomenon. Such microbial communities have been studied mostly in the Northern Hemisphere. Here, we present descriptions of diverse ochre-depositing microbial communities in Tierra del Fuego, Argentina, using a combined approach of microscopical examination, clone library construction and cultivation focused on SLG bacteria. To date, only few SLG type strains are available. The present work increases the number and diversity of cultivated SLG bacteria by obtaining isolates from biofilms and sediment samples of wetlands in Tierra del Fuego. Thirty isolates were selected based on morphological features such as sheath formation and iron/manganese deposition. Five operational taxonomic units (OTUs) were deduced. Sequencing of 16S rRNA genes showed that one OTU is identical to the Leptothrix mobilis Feox-1(T) -sequence while the four remaining OTUs show similarity values related to previously described type strains. Similarity values ranged from 96.5% to 98.8%, indicating possible new species and subspecies. PMID:25098830
The Last Glacial Maximum and Termination in the Torres del Paine Region, Southern South America
NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)
Garcia, J.; Hall, B. L.; Kaplan, M. R.; Vega, R. M.; Binnie, S.; GÛmez, G.; Santana, F.
Deciphering the timing, structure and termination of the local last glacial maximum (LGM) throughout Patagonia (42-55 S) remains one of the key unsolved paleoclimate questions in Quaternary sciences. During the last glaciation, the Patagonian ice sheet formed one ice body along the Patagonian Andes (42-55 S) in southern South America, but previous work has revealed different spatiotemporal ice dynamics along the eastern and western ice margins. The Patagonian Andes is the only landmass that exists at this latitude confronting the southern westerly wind belt, which seems to have played a key role in past glacial and climate changes. Therefore, reconstructing southern Andes glacier history constitutes a key element for understanding the causes of glaciations in the Southern Hemisphere. Major progress has been made to document the local Late-Pleistocene glacier history, particularly in response to recent application of exposure-cosmogenic dating technique in the region, although only sparse well-dated paleoclimate records exist in this vast area. LGM moraine-based records in south Patagonia (~48-55 S) have been developed for the Strait of Magellan area, where full glacial conditions seems to have occurred between ~28.0 - 17.5 ka. Despite that these data seem to confirm previous glacial chronologies developed in north Patagonia and the Chilean Lake District (40-42 S), recent works in Torres del Paine and ⁄ltima Esperanza basins (50-51 S), suggest that glacial maximum conditions may have occurred earlier (i.e., during Marine Isotope Stage 3) and that ice extent could have been twice the size of previously thought. Here, we discuss paleoclimatological implications from our 10Be and 26Al-dating program of moraines in the Torres del Paine region in southern Patagonia. We focused our efforts in the previously undated RÌo de las Viscachas (RV) I and II moraines, which occur distal to the late-glacial TDP II, III and IV moraines that enclose present lake bodies at the Torres del Paine National Park (e.g., Lagos del Toro, Sarmiento and Azul). RV moraines parallel each other and can be tracked continuously for several km along the southern slope of Sierra Contreras in Chile. To the east, in present day Argentina, they constitute concentric wide moraine arcs that include tens of frontal moraine ridges. We collected boulders embedded in the relatively sharp RV I and II moraines for 10Be and 26Al cosmogenic-exposure dating to reconstruct the last glacial period. We also sampled and dated cobbles from the main glaciofluvial plain grading to the outer RV I landforms, to crosscheck with the cosmogenic ages obtained from boulders embedded at moraine tops. Additionally, we present new 10Be cosmogenic ages from boulders in TDP I and TDP IV moraines at Lago del Toro basin, which help us to define the structure of the local termination.
L10P and P158DEL DJ-1 Mutations Cause Protein Instability, Aggregation, and Dimerization Impairments
Ramsey, Chenere P.; Giasson, Benoit I.
A variety of mutations in the gene encoding DJ-1 protein are causal of autosomal recessive early-onset parkinsonism. Recently, a novel pathogenic homozygous DJ-1 missense mutation resulting in the L10P amino acid substitution was reported. In a separate study, a novel homozygous mutation resulting in the deletion of DJ-1 residue P158 was also reported to be causative of disease. The specific effects of the novel L10P and P158DEL mutations on protein function have not been studied. Herein, L10P and P158DEL DJ-1 proteins were assessed for protein stability, dimerization, solubility, subcellular localization, and protective function in comparison to WT and the L166P DJ-1 pathogenic variant. It was discovered that in comparison to WT protein, L10P, L166P, and P158DEL DJ-1 variants exhibited dramatically reduced protein stabilities. Degradation of each of the respective pathogenic mutants appeared to be mediated in-part by the proteasome. Interestingly, unlike L166P DJ-1, the L10P and P158DEL DJ-1 variants retained the ability to dimerize with WT DJ-1 protein; however, neither of these mutants was able to form homodimers. Additionally, the L10P, L166P, and P158DEL DJ-1 variants exhibited altered profiles on size-exclusion chromatography and demonstrated reduced solubilities in comparison to WT protein, and the latter aberration could be exacerbated in the presence of MG-132. Further, cells stably expressing L10P DJ-1 were more vulnerable to treatments with proteasome inhibitors, suggesting that L10P DJ-1 may be toxic to cells under conditions of proteasome stress. Taken together, these findings suggest that diverse aberrant mechanisms, including alterations in protein stability and protein folding, are associated with the pathogenicity of the L10P and P158DEL DJ-1 variants. PMID:20806408
Health assessment for Del Norte County Pesticide Storage Area, Cresent City, Del Norte County, California, Region 9. CERCLIS No. CAD000626176. Final report
Not Available
The Del Norte County Pesticide Storage Area is located northwest of Cresent City, California. The site soils and ground water were contaminated with a myriad of pesticides and herbicides. The data also indicated an elevated concentration of chromium was present on-site and off-site; however, it does not appear to be related to the activities involving the use of the site as a pesticide storage area. The site was included on the National Priorities List in 1983. The storage area operated from 1970 until 1981, accepting containers from local agricultural and forestry-related industries. The intended use of the site was as an interim or emergency storage area for pesticide containers which had been triple rinsed and punctured prior to coming to the site. There were 9 private wells monitored within 0.50 miles of the site and the results indicated these wells were not contaminated by site contaminants. This site is of public health concern because of the potential for exposure to pesticides, herbicides, and chromium at concentrations of health concern.
77 FR 4897 - Safety Zone; M/V Del Monte Live-Fire Gun Exercise, James River, Isle of Wight, VA
Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014
... SECURITY Coast Guard 33 CFR Part 165 RIN 1625-AA00 Safety Zone; M/V Del Monte Live-Fire Gun Exercise, James... live-fire gun exercises on the M/V Del Monte. This action is intended to restrict vessel traffic movement to protect mariners from the hazards associated with the live-fire gun exercise. DATES: This...
Aspectos generales de los exámenes de detección del cáncer (PDQ)—Versión para profesionales de salud
Información sobre la medición de la eficacia de las pruebas de detección del cáncer y la evaluación de la solidez de las pruebas obtenidas en estudios de investigación de detección del cáncer.
Estudio del NCI revela que la obesidad extrema puede acortar la esperanza de vida hasta en 14 años
Los adultos con obesidad extrema tienen mayor riesgo de morir a edad más joven por cáncer y muchas otras causas entre ellas, enfermedades cardíacas, accidentes cerebrovasculares, diabetes y enfermedades del hígado y los riñones, según estudio del NCI.
Aspectos generales de los exámenes de detección del cáncer (PDQ)—Versión para pacientes
Información sobre la medición de la eficacia de los exámenes de detección del cáncer y la evaluación de la solidez de las pruebas obtenidas en estudios de investigación de detección del cáncer.
Centro para la Salud Mundial del NCI anuncia becas de investigación para tecnologías portátiles
El Centro para la Salud Mundial del NCI (CGH) anunció el otorgamiento de subvenciones que apoyarán el desarrollo y la validación de tecnologías portátiles y de bajo costo para mejorar la detección temprana, el diagnóstico y el tratamiento del cáncer.
Genetic polymorphism in HLA-G 3'UTR 14-bp ins/del and risk of cancer: a meta-analysis of case-control study.
Li, Tao; Huang, Haohai; Liao, Dan; Ling, Huahuang; Su, Bingguang; Cai, Maode
Accumulating evidence has suggested that the human leucocyte antigen-G (HLA-G) 14 bp ins/del polymorphism might be related to cancer susceptibility. However, epidemiologic findings have been inconsistent. Therefore, we performed a meta-analysis of case-control study to derive a more precise estimation of this association. Electronic databases were searched to identify all eligible studies of HLA-G 14 bp ins/del polymorphism and cancer risk. Odds ratios (ORs) with 95 % confidence intervals (CIs) were calculated to evaluate the strength of the association in fixed-effects model or random-effects model according to heterogeneity. Publication bias, sensitivity analysis and subgroup analyses based on cancer type, ethnicity, source of controls and sample size were also performed. A total of 14 case-control studies, involving 2,757 cases and 3,972 controls, were included in the present meta-analysis. The pooled analysis showed that there is no significant relationship between the HLA-G 14 bp ins/del polymorphism and cancer susceptibility under the genetic models (for the allele model del vs. ins: OR 1.13, 95 % CI 1.00-1.27; for the homozygote comparison model del/del vs. ins/ins: OR 1.22, 95 % CI 0.95-1.56; for the dominant model del/del + ins/del vs. ins/ins: OR 1.15, 95 % CI 0.94-1.42; for recessive model del/del vs. ins/del + ins/ins: OR 1.13, 95 % CI 0.96-1.34; respectively). Subgroup analyses indicated significant association among breast cancer, population based control and the large sample size group in some genetic models. Our investigations demonstrate that genotypes for the HLA-G 14 bp ins/del polymorphism may be not associated with overall cancer risk. In a subgroup meta-analysis, however, HLA-G 14-bp ins/del polymorphism might contribute to breast cancer susceptibility. PMID:25573780
LumacaftorñIvacaftor in Patients with Cystic Fibrosis Homozygous for Phe508del CFTR
Wainwright, C.E.; Elborn, J.S.; Ramsey, B.W.; Marigowda, G.; Huang, X.; Cipolli, M.; Colombo, C.; Davies, J.C.; De Boeck, K.; Flume, P.A.; Konstan, M.W.; McColley, S.A.; McCoy, K.; McKone, E.F.; Munck, A.; Ratjen, F.; Rowe, S.M.; Waltz, D.; Boyle, M.P.
BACKGROUND Cystic fibrosis is a life-limiting disease that is caused by defective or deficient cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) protein activity. Phe508del is the most common CFTR mutation. METHODS We conducted two phase 3, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled studies that were designed to assess the effects of lumacaftor (VX-809), a CFTR corrector, in combination with ivacaftor (VX-770), a CFTR potentiator, in patients 12 years of age or older who had cystic fibrosis and were homozygous for the Phe508del CFTR mutation. In both studies, patients were randomly assigned to receive either lumacaftor (600 mg once daily or 400 mg every 12 hours) in combination with ivacaftor (250 mg every 12 hours) or matched placebo for 24 weeks. The primary end point was the absolute change from baseline in the percentage of predicted forced expiratory volume in 1 second (FEV1) at week 24. RESULTS A total of 1108 patients underwent randomization and received study drug. The mean baseline FEV1 was 61% of the predicted value. In both studies, there were significant improvements in the primary end point in both lumacaftorñivacaftor dose groups; the difference between active treatment and placebo with respect to the mean absolute improvement in the percentage of predicted FEV1 ranged from 2.6 to 4.0 percentage points (P<0.001), which corresponded to a mean relative treatment difference of 4.3 to 6.7% (P<0.001). Pooled analyses showed that the rate of pulmonary exacerbations was 30 to 39% lower in the lumacaftorñivacaftor groups than in the placebo group; the rate of events leading to hospitalization or the use of intravenous antibiotics was lower in the lumacaftorñivacaftor groups as well. The incidence of adverse events was generally similar in the lumacaftorñivacaftor and placebo groups. The rate of discontinuation due to an adverse event was 4.2% among patients who received lumacaftorñivacaftor versus 1.6% among those who received placebo. CONCLUSIONS These data show that lumacaftor in combination with ivacaftor provided a benefit for patients with cystic fibrosis homozygous for the Phe508del CFTR mutation. (Funded by Vertex Pharmaceuticals and others; TRAFFIC and TRANSPORT ClinicalTrials.gov numbers, NCT01807923 and NCT01807949.) PMID:25981758
Structure of Mesita del Buey at TA-54, Los Alamos National Laboratory, New Mexico
Reneau, S.L.; Broxton, D.E.; Carney, J.S.; LaDelfe, C.
The geological structure of Mesita del Buey at Technical Area 54 (TA-54) was examined using precise surveying of the contact between units 1v and 2 of the Tshirege Member of the Bandelier Tuff at 3.5 km along the north wall of Pajarito Canyon and 0.6 km along the north wall of a tributary to Canada del Buey. Estimated structure contours on this contact indicate typical strikes of N40E to N70E along this part of Mesita del Buey, although the apparent strike of the tuff is E-W at the western part of the survey. Typical dips are 1.0{degree} to 2.0{degree} to the east or southeast, with an estimated maximum dip of 3.2{degree} near the west end of Material Disposal Area G. Thirty seven faults with vertical displacements of 5 to 65 cm were observed in outcrop along the Pajarito Canyon traverse, and, due to the incomplete exposure of the unit 1v-unit 2 contact, many more faults of this magnitude undoubtedly exist. The faults have a wide range in strike and have either down-to-the-west and down-to-the-east components of offset, although about 65% of the observed displacement is down-to-the-west or northwest. These faults are not clearly associated with major fault zones, indicated by the general absence of larger-scale offsets or inflections along the unit 1v-unit 2 contact in areas where the small-scale faults were observed; they may instead record distributed secondary deformation across the Pajarito Plateau associated with large earthquakes on the main Pajarito fault zone 8--11 km to the west, or perhaps other faults in the region. The survey data also suggest that a 150--250 m wide zone of greater magnitude faulting is present near the west end of the traverse associated with a horst-and-graben structure displaying about 1.5--3.5 m of offset on individual faults, although the total amount of offset across this structure and its orientation are not known.
Neurofibromatosis 1 prevalence in children aged 9-11 years, Pinar del RÌo Province, Cuba.
Orraca, Miladys; MorejÛn, Griselda; Cabrera, Niurka; MenÈndez, Reinaldo; Orraca, Odalys
INTRODUCTION Neurofibromatosis 1 is one of the most common heritable genetic disorders in humans. It is characterized by formation of neurofibromas, with marked variability in expression. Half the cases are due to autosomal dominant inheritance; the rest arise from de novo mutations. Prevalence varies by population, and prevalence in Cuba is unknown. OBJECTIVE Determine the prevalence of neurofibromatosis 1 in a population of Cuban children aged 9-11 years old in Pinar del RÌo Province, Cuba. METHODS A descriptive cross-sectional study was carried out in Pinar del RÌo Province in 2004, in which 19,392 children were assessed for neurofibromatosis 1. The study was conducted in two phases: the first, a survey of the entire population aged 9-11 years by genetic counselors in the province's schools; the second, assessment by clinical geneticists of children who met criteria for referral to the Provincial Medical Genetics Center. Neurofibromatosis 1 cases and first-degree relatives were examined to identify the origin of the mutation (de novo or inherited). Neurofibromatosis 1 prevalence was calculated, as well as history of a first-degree relative with the disease and frequency of several principal clinical signs-cafÈ au lait spots, freckles in places unexposed to sunlight, presence of neurofibromas, Lisch nodules and characteristic bone lesions. RESULTS Of the eligible population, 99.3% was screened (10,034 boys and 9358 girls). Active case finding resulted in referral of 200 children to medical geneticists and the disease was confirmed in 17, for a prevalence of one case per 1141 children aged 9-11 years old. CafÈ au lait spots were the most frequent sign (100%), followed by freckles in areas unexposed to sunlight (82.4%) and characteristic bone lesions (41.2%). Only 4 of the 17 cases were previously being treated for the disease. CONCLUSIONS Neurofibromatosis 1 has high prevalence in the group studied in Pinar del Rio Province and most cases are not detected in primary health care settings. PMID:25208116
Application of GIS and remote sensing methods to the paleohydrography of the Paso del Norte region
NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)
Kennedy, John F.
The purpose of this project is to use geographic information system (GIS) and remote sensing methods to investigate the paleohydrology of the Paso del Norte region during the latest pluvial event. During the research I gathered the best available geologic and hydrographic data sets and integrated these data within a GIS in order to create a digital paleohydrologic database for the region. In particular, I used the GIS to reconstruct the hydrography (i.e. streams, lakes, and watershed boundaries) that existed as a results of increased precipitation and a decrease in temperature in the recent geologic past. The existence of the pluvial lakes had an impact on ground-water and surface-water flow systems in this region. The results of my research are presented as two papers ready for peer-review publication submission and a third paper that is a previously published work. (1) Using GIS and Remote Sensing to Reconstruct Late Quaternary and Early Holocene Paleo-Hydrography Using Climate Data and Modern Topography---an Example from the Southwestern US. This paper describes the methods used to create a paleo-hydrography system for the Paso del Norte region, and the development of a water-balance equation that estimates the inputs and outputs of this system. (2) Estimating Water-Balance Equation for Playas in the Tularosa Basin of Southern New Mexico. This paper describes the calibration and testing of the GIS model presented in the first paper. Before it can be applied to paleohydrologic systems, it must be shown to reasonably approximate playa systems in the region under current conditions. Water balances were calculated for several playas and their associated drainages. (3) The Hydrogeologic Framework of Basin-Fill Aquifers and Associated Ground-water flow Systems in Southwestern New Mexico---An Overview. The paper is an overview of work done by many hydrogeologists in the Paso del Norte region; however, the primary source of most of our current knowledge is based on the lifetime of work supplied by this paper's co-author: John W. Hawley. (Abstract shortened by UMI.)
Early evolution of the extraordinary Nova Delphini 2013 (V339 Del)
NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)
Skopal, A.; Drechsel, H.; Tarasova, T.; Kato, T.; Fujii, M.; Teyssier, F.; Garde, O.; Guarro, J.; Edlin, J.; Buil, C.; Antao, D.; Terry, J.-N.; Lemoult, T.; Charbonnel, S.; Bohlsen, T.; Favaro, A.; Graham, K.
Aims: We determine the temporal evolution of the luminosity (LWD), radius (RWD) and effective temperature (Teff) of the white dwarf (WD) pseudophotosphere of V339 Del from its discovery to around day 40. Another main objective was studying the ionization structure of the ejecta. Methods: These aims were achieved by modelling the optical/near-IR spectral energy distribution (SED) using low-resolution spectroscopy (3500-9200 Å), UBVRCIC and JHKLM photometry. Important insights in the physical conditions of the ejecta were gained from an analysis of the evolution of the Hα and Raman-scattered 6825 Å O vi line using medium-resolution spectroscopy (R ~ 10 000). Results: During the fireball stage (Aug. 14.8-19.9, 2013), Teff was in the range of 6000-12 000 K, RWD was expanding non-uniformly in time from ~66 to ~300 (d/ 3 kpc) R⊙, and LWD was super-Eddington, but not constant. Its maximum of ~9 × 1038 (d/ 3 kpc)2 erg s-1 occurred around Aug. 16.0, at the maximum of Teff, half a day before the visual maximum. After the fireball stage, a large emission measure of 1.0-2.0 × 1062 (d/ 3 kpc)2 cm-3 constrained the lower limit of LWD to be well above the super-Eddington value. The mass of the ionized region was a few × 10-4 M⊙, and the mass-loss rate was decreasing from ~5.7 (Aug. 22) to ~0.71 × 10-4 M⊙ yr-1 (Sept. 20). The evolution of the Hα line and mainly the transient emergence of the Raman-scattered O vi 1032 Å line suggested a biconical ionization structure of the ejecta with a disk-like H i region persisting around the WD until its total ionization, around day 40. On Sept. 20 (day 35), the model SED indicated a dust emission component in the spectrum. The dust was located beyond the H i zone, where it was shielded from the hard, ≳105 K, radiation of the burning WD at that time. Conclusions: Our extensive spectroscopic observations of the classical nova V339 Del allowed us to map its evolution from the very early phase after its explosion. It is evident that the nova was not evolving according to the current theoretical prediction. The unusual non-spherically symmetric ejecta of nova V339 Del and its extreme physical conditions and evolution during and after the fireball stage represent interesting new challenges for the theoretical modelling of the nova phenomenon. Based on data collected by amateur astronomers.
Geology and depositional environments of the Guadalupian rocks of the northern Del Norte Mountains, West Texas
Rudine, S.F.; Wardlaw, B.R.; Rohr, D.M.; Grant, R.E.
The Guadalupian rocks of the northern Del Norte Mountains were deposited in a foreland basin between land of the Marathon orogen and a carbonate shoal established on the geanticline separating the foreland basin from the Delaware basin. Deposition was alternately influenced by coarse clastic input from the orogen and carbonate shoal, which interrupted shallow basinal siltstone depletion. Relatively deeper-water deposition is characterized by carbonate input from the shoal, and relatively shallow-water deposition is characterized by sandstone input from the orogen. Deposition was in five general transgressive-regressive packages that include (1) the Road Canyon Formation and the first siltstone member and first sandstone member of the Word Formation, (2) the second siltstone member, Appel Ranch Member, and limy sandy siltstone member of the Word Formation, (3) the Vidrio Formation, (4) the lower and part of the middle members of the Altuda Formation, and (5) part of the middle and upper members of the Altuda Formation.
Dynamic response to valley breeze circulation in Santa MarÌa del Oro, a volcanic lake in Mexico
NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)
Serrano, David; Filonov, Anatoliy; Tereshchenko, Irina
The paper discusses the dynamic response to valley breeze circulation in Santa Maria del Oro, a volcanic lake in Mexico. Hourly records of wind measurements were used to construct a hydrodynamical model of the level fluctuations of the lake's water as well as integrated drift currents. The calculations show that the valley breeze circulation stimulates barotropic seiches in the lake with a period of 2.6 minutes and maximal level in the southwest part up to 18 mm. The drift current form two circulating rings having an opposite directions: anticyclonical in northern part of the lake and cyclonical in the southern. At the external edge of these rings the current speed can reach 20 cm/s. The measurements have shown that most part of the year the lake is strongly stratified. The maximal vertical temperature gradients are over 1∞C/m in November and August, in a layer of 17-20 m.
Discovering research value in the Campo del Cielo, Argentina, meteorite craters
NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)
Cassidy, William A.; Renard, Marc L.
The Campo del Cielo meteorite crater field in Argentina contains at least 20 small meteorite craters, but a recent review of the field data and a remote sensing study suggest that there may be more. The fall occurred ò4000 years ago into a uniform loessy soil, and the craters are well enough preserved so that some of their parameters of impact can be determined after excavation. The craters were formed by multi-ton fragments of a type IA meteoroid with abundant silicate inclusions. Relative to the horizontal, the angle of infall was ò9∞. Reflecting the low angle of infall, the crater field is elongated with apparent dimensions of 3 ◊ 18.5 km. The largest craters are near the center of this ellipse. This suggests that when the parent meteoroid broke apart, the resulting fragments diverged from the original trajectory in inverse relation to their masses and did not undergo size sorting due to atmospheric deceleration. The major axis of the crater field as we know it extends along N63∞E, but the azimuths of infall determined by excavation of Craters 9 and 10 are N83.5∞E and N75.5∞E, respectively. This suggests that the major axis of the crater field is not yet well determined. The three or four largest craters appear to have been formed by impacts that disrupted the projectiles, scattering fragments around the outsides of the craters and leaving no large masses within them; these are relatively symmetrical in shape. Other craters are elongated features with multi-ton masses preserved within them and no fragmentation products outside. There are two ways in which field research on the Campo del Cielo crater field is found to be useful. (1) Studies exist that have been used to interpret impact craters on planetary surfaces other than the Earth. This occurrence of a swarm of projectiles impacting at known angles and similar velocities into a uniform target material provides an excellent field site at which to test the applicability of those studies. (2) Individual craters at Campo del Cielo can yield the masses of the projectiles that formed them and their velocities, angles and azimuths of impact. From these data, there is a possibility to estimate parameters for the parent meteoroid at entry and, thus, learn enough about its orbit to judge whether or not it was compatible with an asteroidal origin. Preliminary indications are that it was. Campo del Cielo is a IA iron meteorite and Sikhote-Alin, an observed fall, is a IIB iron meteorite in Wasson's classification. The Sterlitamak iron, also an observed fall, is a medium octahedrite in the Prior-Hey classification. It would be interesting to compare their orbital parameters.
Novel Vascular Malformation in an Affected Newborn with Deletion Del(4)(q31.3)
de LeÛn Ojeda, Norma Elena; Soriano-Torres, Michel; Cabrera, Mercedes J.; BenÌtez Ramos, Dunia B·rbara
We report on a newborn male patient with a terminal deletion in the long arm of the chromosome 4 with a congenital heart defect unreported before in association with this syndrome. The patient had multiple congenital anomalies including a pointed duplicated fingernail, low set posteriorly rotated ears, large anterior fontanel, micrognathia, glabellar capillary vascular malformation, and Interrupted Aortic Arch type C. The patient died due to multiple congenital malformations; a peripheral chromosome analysis showed 46, XY, del(4)(q31.3) de novo. The only reported case with the same deletion was a male newborn that exhibited the pattern of minor anomalies of deletion 4q31 syndrome. The parents were cytogenetically normal. We compare clinical signs to other cases with a deletion in long arm of chromosome 4. PMID:23320208
[VI Ibero-American Summit of heads of state and government: Declaration of ViÒa del Mar].
The leaders of 21 Ibero-American countries came to ViÒa del Mar (Chile) for the sixth meeting of the now-traditional Ibero-American Summits. The Declaration that resulted from the Summit reiterated the commitment of these nations to the principles of democracy, the rule of law, and political pluralism. The development of efficient and participatory systems of democratic government was one of the most important of the topics dealt with at the meeting and served as the framework for the discussion and the search for solutions to common problems, such as poverty, arms trafficking, unequal opportunity for men and women, and inappropriate government practices. The leaders also supported a series of initiatives and international programs in the technological and cultural arenas that will strengthen the ties and unite the Spanish- and Portuguese-speaking countries. PMID:9445767
PaDEL-DDPredictor: open-source software for PD-PK-T prediction.
He, Yuye; Liew, Chin Yee; Sharma, Nitin; Woo, Sze Kwang; Chau, Yi Ting; Yap, Chun Wei
ADMET (absorption, distribution, metabolism, excretion, and toxicity)-related failure of drug candidates is a major issue for the pharmaceutical industry today. Prediction of PD-PK-T properties using in silico tools has become very important in pharmaceutical research to reduce cost and enhance efficiency. PaDEL-DDPredictor is an in silico tool for rapid prediction of PD-PK-T properties of compounds from their chemical structures. It is free and open-source software that, has both graphical user interface and command line interface, can work on all major platforms (Windows, Linux, and MacOS) and supports more than 90 different molecular file formats. The software can be downloaded from http://padel.nus.edu.sg/software/padelddpredictor. PMID:23114987
[Historical notes about scientific research in the Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social.
Z·rate, Arturo; Basurto-Acevedo, Lourdes
Medical research in the Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social has been considered one of the most important in this country for quality and quantity. Thanks to the work and leadership of Benito Coquet, who initiated the building of the National Medical Center in 1961, and the work of two pillars of research, Luis Castelazo and Bernardo Sep˙lveda, the Institute successfully improved scientific research. In the years that followed, the Institute fostered the professionalization of research, the creation of research units in different areas of science, the incorporation of consolidated groups of researchers, the relationship with other institutions, the incorporation to the Sistema Nacional de Investigadores, the editing of a journal to expose outside the work done within the Institute, and the formation of a trust to raise funds for financing. Thanks to all that, institutional research strengthened in all lines, and it was placed first, at certain times, at the national level. PMID:24290017
Radiogenic Xenon-129 in Silicate Inclusions in the Campo Del Cielo Iron Meteorite
NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)
Meshik, A.; Kurat, G.; Pravdivtseva, O.; Hohenberg, C. M.
Iron meteorites present a challenge for the I-Xe dating technique because it is usually the inclusions, not metal, that contain radiogenic xenon and iodine. Silicate inclusions are frequent in only types IAB and IIE, and earlier studies of irons have demonstrated that I-Xe system can survive intact in these inclusions preserving valuable age information. Our previous studies of the I-Xe record in pyroxene grains from Toluca iron suggested an intriguing relationship between apparent I-Xe ages and (Mg+Fe)/Fe ratios. The I-Xe system in K-feldspar inclusions from Colomera (IIE) had the fingerprint of slow cooling, with an indicated cooling rate of 2-4 C/Ma. Here we present studies of the iodine-xenon system in a silicate-graphite-metal (SiGrMet) inclusion of the IA Campo del Cielo iron meteorite from the collection of the Museum of Natural History in Vienna.
Geophysical characterization of two circular structures at Bajada del Diablo (Patagonia, Argentina): Indication of impact origin
NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)
Prezzi, Claudia B.; Orgeira, María Julia; Acevedo, Rogelio D.; Ponce, Juan Federico; Martinez, Oscar; Rabassa, Jorge O.; Corbella, Hugo; Vásquez, Carlos; González-Guillot, Mauricio; Subías, Ignacio
An impact origin has been proposed for the circular structures found in Bajada del Diablo, Patagonia, Argentina. Taking into account its extension and the number of impact structures, Bajada del Diablo would be the largest meteoritic impact areas known on Earth, being an extremely interesting area for the research of impact events and processes. Moreover, the global distribution of known impact structures shows a surprising asymmetry. Particularly, South America has only seven described areas. It is evident that this situation is an artifact, highlighting the importance of intensifying the research in the least studied areas such as Argentina. Circular structures in Bajada del Diablo have been identified on two rock types: the Quiñelaf eruptive complex and Pampa Sastre Formation. In the first case, circular structures are placed in olivine basalts. On the other hand, Pampa Sastre Formation (late Pliocene/early Pleistocene) corresponds to conglomerate layers with basalt clasts boulder and block in size in a coarse sandy matrix. With the aim of further the investigation of the proposed impact origin for these circular structures, we carried out detailed topographic, magnetic and electromagnetic ground surveys in two circular structures ("8" and "A") found in Pampa Sastre conglomerates. Both circular structures are simple, bowl-shaped with rim diameters of 300 m and maximum depths of 10 m. They have been partially filled in by debris flows from the rims and wind-blown sands. Two preliminary magnetic profiles have also been carried out in circular structure "G" found in Quiñelaf basalts. The magnetic anomalies show a circular pattern with a slightly negative and relatively flat signal in the circular structures' bases. Furthermore in the circular structures' rims, high-amplitude, conspicuous and localized (short wavelength) anomalies are observed. Such large amplitude and short wavelength anomalies are not detected outside the circular structures. For all used frequencies, the electromagnetic profiles show lower apparent electrical conductivities in the circular structures' base, while the rims present notably higher values. Curvature attributes, analytic signal, horizontal gradient and Euler solutions were calculated for the magnetic data. 2.5D magnetic models were developed across the studied circular structures. Our results suggest that in the circular structures' bases up to 12 m of Pampa Sastre conglomerate would have been removed. On the contrary, the circular structures' rims exhibit high-amplitude, localized magnetic anomalies and higher apparent electrical conductivities, which would be related to the anomalous accumulation of basalt boulders and blocks remanently magnetized. Such high-amplitude anomalies are not present outside the surveyed circular structures. The geomorphological, geological and geophysical features of the studied circular structures can only be explained by means of an extra-terrestrial projectile impact. We conclude that, considering the results obtained to date, Bajada del Diablo should be envisaged as a focus of further research, which could provide novel information about impact events, associated processes and their evidences. Particularly, the data produced in this study could represent one of the first documented geophysical signatures of the impact of a comet nucleus on Earth.
Modelo analítico del efecto de PRS sobre satélites GPS
NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)
Meza, A.; Brunini, C.; Usandivaras, J. C.
El sistema GPS (Global Position System) es, hoy en día, la herramienta de navegación y posicionamiento más potente y lo será sin duda en la próxima década. Gran parte de su valiosa utilidad se debe a la alta precisión que permite lograr y ésta, a su vez, depende, entre otras causas, de la precisión con que se conocen las órbitas de los satélites. La presión de radiación solar (PRS) fija el límite de la precisión con que pueden calcularse en la actualidad las efemérides satelitarias. El objetivo de este trabajo es proponer una mejor resolución de este fenómeno. El modelo analítico aquí presentado, se basa en el análisis del comportamiento de los residuos de un ajuste por mínimos cuadrados en el que se utiliza el modelo de PRS propuesto por Beutler. El mismo consiste en un modelo determinista del fenómeno con dos parámetros libres. Los resultados obtenidos ponen de manifiesto que, aún después de aplicar dichos parámetros, prevalecen en los residuos efectos semidiurnos en las componentes radial,tangencial y normal. Estos resultados obtenidos se comparan con los de un trabajo desarrollado por el Instituto de Berne (Beutler et al., 1994), en el que se utilizaron como pseudo-observaciones las órbitas precisas del IGS (CODE). El intervalo de integración escogido por este centro fueron las semanas 680 y 681. En resumen se tienen arcos de 14 días para todos los satélites, donde las efemérides precisas de los mismos para los 14 días fueron utilizados como pseudo-observaciones. El modelo de fuerza que empleó dicho centro fue básicamente el tradicional en lo que respecta al modelo de las fuerzas gravitacionales, y para la PRS utilizo el modelo standard de Beutler. Los parámetros de este modelo junto con las 6 condiciones iniciales (posición y velocidad) fueron ajustados por el método general de mínimos cuadrados. Los residuos en la componente radial, tangencial y normal, para los satélites con un buen comportamiento, presentan una componente semidiurna. El modelo analítico planteado en este trabajo, predice el comportamiento de los residuos que se observan en las publicaciones más recientes. Esto abre el camino para plantear una estimación distinta de las incógnitas del problema, basado en el método de colocación por mínimos cuadrados. Ello requiere modelar estadísticamente la señal debida a las componentes de la PRS que no son tomadas en cuenta en el modelo determinista.
RELACIÓN MÉDICO PACIENTE: DERECHOS DEL ADULTO MAYOR
Barrantes-Monge, Melba; Rodríguez, Eduardo; Lama, Alexis
Existen prejuicios en relación con la vejez, incluso entre los profesionales que se dedican a la gerontología. Uno común y peligroso es considerar que los viejos son todos enfermos o discapacitados. La relación médico-paciente es la piedra angular de la práctica y ética médicas. Para alcanzar el respeto por los adultos mayores es necesaria una medicina prudente, basada en una práctica en la cual la reflexión ética y clínica pueda contribuir. Esto último es posible si se hacen valer los derechos del adulto mayor, en particular como paciente para la toma de decisiones. PMID:20379380
Heavy metal concentrations in litteral sediments from the Beagle Channel, Tierra del Fuego, Argentina.
Amin, O; Ferrer, L; Marcovecchio, J
For the first time the concentration of trace metals (Fe, Pb, Cu, Zn, Cd and total Hg) of sediments from the coastal zone of the Beagle Channel (Tierra del Fuego, in Southern Argentina) were measured. Atomic absorption spectrophotometry was utilized in order to determine the metal contents. The level of metals as observed in the sediments was recognized as the natural background, even though the use of normalization of lead, copper, and zinc to iron allowed the identification of the main sources of metal pollution for this environment. In order to develop future environmental monitoring programmes for the area of Ushuaia city and the Beagle Channel, the present results need to be considered. PMID:24193396
Saprolegnia oliviae sp. nov. isolated from an Argentine river (Tierra del Fuego Province, Argentina).
Steciow, MÛnica Mirta
Saprolegnia oliviae sp. nov. is described from litter (floating dead twigs, leaves and roots) in the Olivia River, Ushuaia Department, Tierra del Fuego Province (Argentina). The new species is illustrated and compared with other species of the genus. Distinguishing characteristics of S. oliviae are the production of smooth oogonia (with some lateral or terminal projections) and the absence of antheridial branches on the majority of the oogonia, but when present, they are mostly diclinous, at times oogonia are supplied with androgynous and monoclinous antheridial branches. The oogonial stalks are predominantly short and straight or long and bent, curved or many times coiled; oospores are distinctive subcentric, (1-) 15-50 (-70) per oogonium. Morphological details of the new species and its comparison with other described species are discussed here. PMID:12620629
The DrosDel Deletion Collection: A Drosophila Genomewide Chromosomal Deficiency Resource
Ryder, Edward; Ashburner, Michael; Bautista-Llacer, Rosa; Drummond, Jenny; Webster, Jane; Johnson, Glynnis; Morley, Terri; Chan, Yuk Sang; Blows, Fiona; Coulson, Darin; Reuter, Gunter; Baisch, Heiko; Apelt, Christian; Kauk, Andreas; Rudolph, Thomas; Kube, Maria; Klimm, Melanie; Nickel, Claudia; Szidonya, Janos; MarÛy, Peter; Pal, Margit; Rasmuson-Lestander, ≈sa; Ekstrˆm, Karin; Stocker, Hugo; Hugentobler, Christoph; Hafen, Ernst; Gubb, David; Pflugfelder, Gert; Dorner, Christian; Mechler, Bernard; Schenkel, Heide; Marhold, Joachim; Serras, Florenci; Corominas, Montserrat; Punset, Adriý; Roote, John; Russell, Steven
We describe a second-generation deficiency kit for Drosophila melanogaster composed of molecularly mapped deletions on an isogenic background, covering ?77% of the Release 5.1 genome. Using a previously reported collection of FRT-bearing P-element insertions, we have generated 655 new deletions and verified a set of 209 deletion-bearing fly stocks. In addition to deletions, we demonstrate how the P elements may also be used to generate a set of custom inversions and duplications, particularly useful for balancing difficult regions of the genome carrying haplo-insufficient loci. We describe a simple computational resource that facilitates selection of appropriate elements for generating custom deletions. Finally, we provide a computational resource that facilitates selection of other mapped FRT-bearing elements that, when combined with the DrosDel collection, can theoretically generate over half a million precisely mapped deletions. PMID:17720900
3 CFR 8946 - Proclamation 8946 of March 25, 2013. Establishment of the Río Grande del Norte National Monument
Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR
... projectile points, as well as large ceramic vessels. The area is home to a rich array of archaeological... is known as the Río Grande del Norte, and its extraordinary array of scientific and historic... Apache and Ute Tribes, and hosts a dazzling array of rock art. Carved into the boulders and cliffs...
33 CFR 207.100 - Inland waterway from Delaware River to Chesapeake Bay, Del. and Md. (Chesapeake and Delaware...
Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR
... River to Chesapeake Bay, Del. and Md., between Reedy Point, Delaware River, and Old Town Point Wharf... vessels using the waterway. The District Engineer's representative is the Chesapeake City Resident Engineer. The Chesapeake City Resident Engineer through the dispatcher on duty will enforce...
Attic dust analysis approach for evaluation of heavy metal deposition in the El Paso Del Norte Region
Technology Transfer Automated Retrieval System (TEKTRAN)
During the 90 years from 1887 to 1977, a large smelter in the El Paso Del Norte region of North America smelted many ores including copper, lead, and zinc. In order to identify the patterns of heavy metal dispersion from the smelter, we sampled attic dust and dust from undisturbed surfaces in 15 bu...
Strategic Planning for Institutions of Higher Education: A Content Analysis for the Universidad Tecnica del Estado Planning System.
ERIC Educational Resources Information Center
Karadima, Oscar
Ten-year development plans of each of the eight campuses of the Universidad de Santiago de Chile, formerly called Universidad Tecnica del Estado, are evaluated, using content analysis. In addition to narrative descriptions, diagrams illustrate the features of each plan, which covers the period 1983-1993. Topics covered by the plans were groupedÖ
The Opera del Vocabolario Italiano Database: Full-Text Searching Early Italian Vernacular Sources on the Web.
ERIC Educational Resources Information Center
DuPont, Christian
Introduces and describes the functions of the Opera del Vocabolario Italiano (OVI) database, a powerful Web-based, full-text, searchable electronic archive that contains early Italian vernacular texts whose composition may be dated prior to 1375. Examples are drawn from scholars in various disciplines who have employed the OVI in support of theirÖ
Correction of human phospholamban R14del mutation associated with cardiomyopathy using targeted nucleases and combination therapy
Karakikes, Ioannis; Stillitano, Francesca; Nonnenmacher, Mathieu; Tzimas, Christos; Sanoudou, Despina; Termglinchan, Vittavat; Kong, Chi-Wing; Rushing, Stephanie; Hansen, Jens; Ceholski, Delaine; Kolokathis, Fotis; Kremastinos, Dimitrios; Katoulis, Alexandros; Ren, Lihuan; Cohen, Ninette; Gho, Johannes M.I.H.; Tsiapras, Dimitrios; Vink, Aryan; Wu, Joseph C.; Asselbergs, Folkert W.; Li, Ronald A.; Hulot, Jean-Sebastien; Kranias, Evangelia G.; Hajjar, Roger J.
A number of genetic mutations is associated with cardiomyopathies. A mutation in the coding region of the phospholamban (PLN) gene (R14del) is identified in families with hereditary heart failure. Heterozygous patients exhibit left ventricular dilation and ventricular arrhythmias. Here we generate induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) from a patient harbouring the PLN R14del mutation and differentiate them into cardiomyocytes (iPSC-CMs). We find that the PLN R14del mutation induces Ca2+ handling abnormalities, electrical instability, abnormal cytoplasmic distribution of PLN protein and increases expression of molecular markers of cardiac hypertrophy in iPSC-CMs. Gene correction using transcription activator-like effector nucleases (TALENs) ameliorates the R14del-associated disease phenotypes in iPSC-CMs. In addition, we show that knocking down the endogenous PLN and simultaneously expressing a codon-optimized PLN gene reverses the disease phenotype in vitro. Our findings offer novel strategies for targeting the pathogenic mutations associated with cardiomyopathies. PMID:25923014
33 CFR 207.100 - Inland waterway from Delaware River to Chesapeake Bay, Del. and Md. (Chesapeake and Delaware...
Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR
... 33 Navigation and Navigable Waters 3 2011-07-01 2011-07-01 false Inland waterway from Delaware River to Chesapeake Bay, Del. and Md. (Chesapeake and Delaware Canal); use, administration, and navigation. 207.100 Section 207.100 Navigation and Navigable Waters CORPS OF ENGINEERS, DEPARTMENT OF THE ARMY, DEPARTMENT OF DEFENSE NAVIGATION...
33 CFR 207.100 - Inland waterway from Delaware River to Chesapeake Bay, Del. and Md. (Chesapeake and Delaware...
Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR
... 33 Navigation and Navigable Waters 3 2010-07-01 2010-07-01 false Inland waterway from Delaware River to Chesapeake Bay, Del. and Md. (Chesapeake and Delaware Canal); use, administration, and navigation. 207.100 Section 207.100 Navigation and Navigable Waters CORPS OF ENGINEERS, DEPARTMENT OF THE ARMY, DEPARTMENT OF DEFENSE NAVIGATION...
33 CFR 207.100 - Inland waterway from Delaware River to Chesapeake Bay, Del. and Md. (Chesapeake and Delaware...
Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR
... 33 Navigation and Navigable Waters 3 2013-07-01 2013-07-01 false Inland waterway from Delaware River to Chesapeake Bay, Del. and Md. (Chesapeake and Delaware Canal); use, administration, and navigation. 207.100 Section 207.100 Navigation and Navigable Waters CORPS OF ENGINEERS, DEPARTMENT OF THE ARMY, DEPARTMENT OF DEFENSE NAVIGATION...
CÛmo interpretar los n˙meros: lo que verdaderamente nos dicen las estadÌsticas de los ex·menes de detecciÛn del c·ncer
Los estudios sobre los ex·menes de detecciÛn del c·ncer han mostrado que la realizaciÛn de una mayor cantidad de ex·menes no se traduce necesariamente en un menor n˙mero de muertes por c·ncer. Este artÌculo explica cÛmo interpretar las estadÌsticas utilizadas para describir los resultados de los ex·menes de detecciÛn.
Disseminated Medulloblastoma in a Child with Germline BRCA2 6174delT Mutation and without Fanconi Anemia
Xu, Jingying; Margol, Ashley Sloane; Shukla, Anju; Ren, Xiuhai; Finlay, Jonathan L.; Krieger, Mark D.; Gilles, Floyd H.; Couch, Fergus J.; Aziz, Meraj; Fung, Eric T.; Asgharzadeh, Shahab; Barrett, Michael T.; Erdreich-Epstein, Anat
Medulloblastoma, the most common malignant brain tumor in children, occurs with increased frequency in individuals with Fanconi anemia who have biallelic germline mutations in BRCA2. We describe an 8-year-old child who had disseminated anaplastic medulloblastoma and a deleterious heterozygous BRCA2 6174delT germline mutation. Molecular profiling was consistent with Group 4 medulloblastoma. The posterior fossa mass was resected and the patient received intensive chemotherapy and craniospinal irradiation. Despite this, the patient succumbed to a second recurrence of his medulloblastoma, which presented 8?months after diagnosis as malignant pleural and peritoneal effusions. Continuous medulloblastoma cell lines were isolated from the original tumor (CHLA-01-MED) and the malignant pleural effusion (CHLA-01R-MED). Here, we provide their analyses, including in vitro and in vivo growth, drug sensitivity, comparative genomic hybridization, and next generation sequencing analysis. In addition to the BRCA2 6174delT, the medulloblastoma cells had amplification of MYC, deletion at Xp11.2, and isochromosome 17, but no structural variations or overexpression of GFI1 or GFI1B. To our knowledge, this is the first pair of diagnosis/recurrence medulloblastoma cell lines, the only medulloblastoma cell lines with BRCA2 6174delT described to date, and the first reported case of a child with medulloblastoma associated with a germline BRCA2 6174delT who did not also have Fanconi anemia. PMID:26380221
Mineralogy of Inclusions in the Campo Del Cielo and Mont Dieu Irons and Segregation of Partial Melts
NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)
Takeda, H.; Ishii, T.; Otsuki, M.
To find partial melt segregation, we studied two new irons. Segregations of albite and chromite were found in Campo del Cielo and ameboidal FeS in Mont Dieu with the same shape as in IIE irons together with minor Cr diopside and Na,K-rich glass.
Characterization of a mutant form of human apolipoprotein B (Thr26_Tyr27del) associated with familial hypobetalipoproteinemia.
Magnolo, Lucia; Noto, Davide; Cefal√π, Angelo B; Averna, Maurizio; Calandra, Sebastiano; Yao, Zemin; Tarugi, Patrizia
We have previously identified a deletion mutant of human apoB [apoB (Thr26_Tyr27del)] in a subject with primary hypobetalipoproteinemia. The present study determined the effect of Thr26_Tyr27del mutation on apoB secretion using transfected McA-RH7777 cells. Transient or stable transfection of apoB-48 containing the Thr26_Tyr27del mutation showed drastically reduced secretion of the mutant as compared to wild-type apoB-48. No lipoproteins containing the mutant apoB-48 were secreted into the medium. Incubation of transfected cells in a lipid-rich medium in the presence of cycloheximide showed rapid turnover of cell-associated mutant apoB-48 as compared to that of wild-type apoB-48. Immunofluorescence experiments showed that the mutant apoB-48 was mostly localized in the endoplasmic reticulum. Treatment with the proteasomal inhibitor MG132 markedly attenuated the turnover of cell-associated mutant apoB-48, whereas treatment with inhibitors of autophagosomal/lysosomal function (e.g. 3-MA or ammonium chloride) had no effect. Taken together, these results indicated that the defective secretion of the Thr26_Tyr27del mutant was associated with increased intracellular degradation of apoB through the proteasome-dependent pathway. PMID:26825690
The Constitutive Force of the "Catecismo del Pueblo" in Puerto Rico's Popular Democratic Party Campaign of 1938-1940
ERIC Educational Resources Information Center
Cordova, Nathaniel I.
This paper explores the formation of a political order, a constituency, during the 1938-1940 senatorial campaign of the "Partido Popular Democratico" in Puerto Rico. In particular it examines the constitutive force of the "Catecismo del Pueblo," a small booklet in the form of questions and answers regarding the party's basic assumptions andÖ
Informe Anual a la Nación sobre el Estado del Cáncer, 1975 a 2012
El Informe Anual a la Nación sobre el Estado del Cáncer, 1975 a 2012, es una actualización de los índices de casos nuevos, muertes y tendencias de los cánceres más comunes en los Estados Unidos.
Análisis del antígeno prostático específico (PSA)
Hoja informativa sobre la prueba del antígeno prostático específico (PSA) y los exámenes selectivos de detección para el cáncer de próstata, y clarifica los beneficios y limitaciones de dicha prueba.
Informe Anual a la NaciÛn sobre el Estado del C·ncer con una secciÛn especial sobre la prevalencia d
El Informe Anual a la NaciÛn sobre el Estado del C·ncer (1975 a 2010), mostrÛ un descenso m·s acelerado que en aÒos anteriores de los Ìndices de mortalidad por c·ncer de pulmÛn. TambiÈn contiene una secciÛn especial que destaca los efectos significativos
Developing Flexible Dual Master's Degree Programs at UPAEP (Universidad Popular Autonoma del Estado de Puebla) and OSU (Oklahoma State University)
ERIC Educational Resources Information Center
Fabregas-Janeiro, Maria G.; de la Parra, Pablo Nuno
In 2006, UPAEP (Universidad Popular Autonoma del Estado de Puebla) and OSU (Oklahoma State University) signed a MOU (memorandum of understanding) to develop more than 20 dual master's degree programs. This special partnership has allowed students from Mexico and the United States to study two master degree programs, in two languages, in two…
Exploración del Nuevo Laboratorio Científico de Marte - Duration: 2 minutes, 51 seconds.
Únase a Fernando Abilleira, un analista de trayectoria de la NASA para la Oficina de Exploración de Marte, y conozca las nuevas tecnologías que el nuevo robot Curiosity del Laboratorio Científico d...
Del(18)(q12.2q21.1) syndrome: a case report and clinical review of the literature.
Imataka, G; Ohwada, Y; Shimura, N; Yoshihara, S; Arisaka, O
The terminal deletion of the long arm of chromosome 18 is relatively common among cytogenetic abnormalities, which occur incidentally in approximately 1 in 40,000 live births. Proximal interstitial deletions of the long arm of chromosome 18 are less frequent. The critical region on chromosome 18 of this syndrome is del(18)(q12.2q21.1) and has recently been recognized as a new clinical entity. We describe a 8-year-old boy with developmental delay, obesity, and epilepsy, with characteristic facial anomalies in whom G-banding chromosome analysis revealed a unique karyotype of 46, XY, del(18)(q12.2q21.1). The patient was diagnosed with interstitial deletion chromosome 18q-syndrome. He received weight control therapy from a medical dietitian. For his epilepsy, he was administered oral carbamazepine at 4 mg/kg/day. At age six, he entered a special needs elementary school. After entering school, he often showed hyperkinesis, and was diagnosed with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder with mild mental retardation. Because patients with only del(18)(q12.2q21.1) have no serious associated malformations, physicians should be aware that even adult patients may have 18q-syndrome. Therefore, if epilepsy occurs in patients with minor facial anomalies, psychomotor retardation, obesity, and the possibility of 18q-syndrome with del(18)(q12.2q21.1) should be kept in mind, and chromosome testing should be performed. PMID:26400529
The Opera del Vocabolario Italiano Database: Full-Text Searching Early Italian Vernacular Sources on the Web.
ERIC Educational Resources Information Center
DuPont, Christian
Introduces and describes the functions of the Opera del Vocabolario Italiano (OVI) database, a powerful Web-based, full-text, searchable electronic archive that contains early Italian vernacular texts whose composition may be dated prior to 1375. Examples are drawn from scholars in various disciplines who have employed the OVI in support of their…
Decadal increase in seagrass biomass and temperature at the CARICOMP site in Bocas del Toro, Panama.
LÛpez-CalderÛn, Jorge M; Guzm·n, Hector M; J·come, Gabriel E; Barnes, PenÈlope A G
The Caribbean Coastal Marine Productivity Program (CARICOMP) was launched in 1993 to study regional long-term interactions between land and sea, taking standardized measurements of productivity and biomass of mangroves, coral reefs and seagrasses. Since 1999 continuous measurements of seagrass (Thalassia testudinum) parameters as well as environmental data have been recorded in Caribbean Panama. Replicate stations were selected near the Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute in Bocas del Toro. Sediment cores and quadrants were placed there to estimate biomass and productivity, respectively. Mean values for productivity, standing crop, turnover rate, total dry biomass, and Leaf Area Index were 1.74 gDW/m2/d, 66.6 gDW/m2, 2.62%/d, 1481 gDW/m2, and 4.65, respectively. Total dry biomass (shoots, rhizomes and roots) and LAI of T. testudinum increased significantly during the study period. Mean values for total rainfall, Secchi disk depth, sea surface temperature, and salinity were 3498 mm, 8.24 m, 28.79 degrees C, and 32.26 psu, respectively. Sea surface temperature was the only environmental variable with a statistically significant change, increasing from 1999 to 2010. Correlation between sea surface temperature and 7 testudinum parameters (total biomass and LAI) were both positive and significant. Human population has increased dramatically over the last ten years in Bocas del Toro region, increasing pressure (deforestation, runoff, wastewater) over coastal ecosystems (seagrasses, mangroves, coral reefs). Change in the abundance of 7 testudinum may be linked to ocean warming, as a consequence to satisfy plant's metabolic requirements, although other local factors need to be analyzed (reduced grazing and increased eutrophication). A further warming of the ocean could have a negative effect on T. testudinum population, increasing respiratory demands and microbial metabolism. PMID:24432536
A nested large-eddy simulation study of the Ora del Garda wind in the Alps
NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)
Giovannini, Lorenzo; Laiti, Lavinia; Zardi, Dino
High-resolution numerical simulations performed with the Weather Research and Forecasting (WRF) model are analyzed to investigate the atmospheric boundary layer (ABL) structures associated with the development of a lake-breeze and valley-wind coupled system developing in the southeastern Italian Alps, the so-called "Ora del Garda" wind. Five domains were nested for the simulations: three mesoscale domains, forced by reanalysis data field, are used to drive the finest two domains, in which the large-eddy technique is used, achieving a final horizontal resolution of 80 m. Model results complement an existing dataset composed of a series of measurement flights and surface observations. The flights explored specific valley sections at key locations in the study area, namely over the lake's shore, at half valley and at the end of the valley where the breeze blows. Model results display a good agreement with the experimental dataset. In particular, the surface diurnal cycles of radiation, wind, air temperature and sensible heat flux are satisfactorily reproduced, despite some discrepancies in the timing of thermally-driven circulation onset and offset. The typical structure of the valley ABL, characterized by shallow or even absent mixed layers surmounted by slightly stable layers extending up to the lateral crest level, is also well reproduced in the simulated fields. Moreover, the simulations confirm characteristic local-scale features of the thermally-driven wind field suggested by the analysis of the airborne dataset as well as from previous observations in the area. For example, the model shows the development of inhomogeneities in the cross-valley thermal field, caused by the propagation of the lake breeze and by the different heating between the sidewalls of the valley, as well as the formation of a hydraulic jump in the area where the Ora del Garda flows down into an adjacent valley from an elevated saddle.
Numerical simulations of the Ora del Garda wind in the Alps
NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)
Giovannini, Lorenzo; Laiti, Lavinia; Zardi, Dino
High-resolution numerical simulations performed with the WRF model are analyzed to investigate the atmospheric boundary layer (ABL) structures associated with the development of a lake-breeze and valley-wind coupled system developing in the southeastern Italian Alps, the so-called "Ora del Garda" wind. Four nested grids are used, achieving a final horizontal resolution of 0.4 km. High-resolution orography and land use datasets are adopted for the domain initialization, while NCEP reanalysis provides initial and boundary conditions for the meteorological fields. Model results complement an existing dataset composed of a series of measurement flights, performed by means of an instrumented motorglider, and surface observations, which is also adopted to validate model results. The flights explored specific valley sections at key locations in the study area, namely over the lake's shore, at half valley and at the end of the valley where the breeze blows. Air pressure, temperature and relative humidity measurements were recorded. Model results display a good agreement with the experimental dataset. In particular, the surface diurnal cycles of radiation, wind and air temperature are satisfactorily reproduced, despite some discrepancies in the timing of thermally-driven circulation onset and offset. The typical structure of the valley ABL, characterized by shallow or even absent mixed layers surmounted by slightly stable layers extending up to the lateral crest level, is also qualitatively well reproduced in the simulated fields. Moreover, the simulations confirm characteristic local-scale features of the thermally-driven wind field suggested by the analysis of the airborne dataset as well as from previous observations in the area. For example, the model shows the development of a well-defined lake breeze front in the lake's shoreline area, as well as the formation of a hydraulic jump structure in the area where the Ora del Garda flows down into an adjacent valley from an elevated saddle.
The del22q11.2 candidate gene Tbx1 regulates branchiomeric myogenesis.
TOXLINE Toxicology Bibliographic Information
Kelly RG; Jerome-Majewska LA; Papaioannou VE
Formation and remodeling of the pharyngeal arches play central roles in craniofacial development. TBX1, encoding a T-box-containing transcription factor, is the major candidate gene for del22q11.2 (DiGeorge or velo-cardio-facial) syndrome, characterized by craniofacial defects, thymic hypoplasia, cardiovascular anomalies, velopharyngeal insufficiency and skeletal muscle hypotonia. Tbx1 is expressed in pharyngeal mesoderm, which gives rise to branchiomeric skeletal muscles of the head and neck. Although the genetic control of craniofacial muscle development is known to involve pathways distinct from those operational in the trunk, the regulation of branchiomeric myogenesis has remained enigmatic. Here we show that branchiomeric muscle development is severely perturbed in Tbx1 mutant mice. In the absence of Tbx1, the myogenic determination genes Myf5 and MyoD fail to be normally activated in pharyngeal mesoderm. Unspecified precursor cells expressing genes encoding the transcriptional repressors Capsulin and MyoR are present in the mandibular arch of Tbx1 mutant embryos. Sporadic activation of Myf5 and MyoD in these precursor cells results in the random presence or absence of hypoplastic mandibular arch-derived muscles at later developmental stages. Tbx1 is also required for normal expression of Tlx1 and Fgf10 in pharyngeal mesoderm, in addition to correct neural crest cell patterning in the mandibular arch. Tbx1 therefore regulates the onset of branchiomeric myogenesis and controls normal mandibular arch development, including robust transcriptional activation of myogenic determination genes. While no abnormalities in branchiomeric myogenesis were detected in Tbx1(+/-) mice, reduced TBX1 levels may contribute to pharyngeal hypotonia in del22q11.2 patients.
Antibacterial Activity, Antioxidant Effect and Chemical Composition of Propolis from the RegiÛn del Maule, Central Chile.
Nina, NÈlida; Quispe, Cristina; JimÈnez-Aspee, Felipe; Theoduloz, Cristina; FeresÌn, Gabriela Egly; Lima, Beatriz; Leiva, Elba; Schmeda-Hirschmann, Guillermo
Propolis is commercialized in Chile as an antimicrobial agent. It is obtained mainly from central and southern Chile, but is used for the same purposes regardless of its origin. To compare the antimicrobial effect, the total phenolic (TP), the total flavonoid (TF) content and the phenolic composition, 19 samples were collected in the main production centers in the RegiÛn del Maule, Chile. Samples were extracted with MeOH and assessed for antimicrobial activity against Gram (+) and Gram (-) bacteria. TP and TF content, antioxidant activity by the DPPH, FRAP and TEAC methods were also determined. Sample composition was assessed by HPLD-DAD-ESI-MS/MS. Differential compounds in the samples were isolated and characterized. The antimicrobial effect of the samples showed MICs ranging from 31.5 to > 1000 µg/mL. Propolis from the central valley was more effective as antibacterial than those from the coastal area or Andean slopes. The samples considered of interest (MIC ? 62.5 µg/mL) showed effect on Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas sp., Yersinia enterocolitica and Salmonella enteritidis. Two new diarylheptanoids, a diterpene, the flavonoids pinocembrin and chrysin were isolated and elucidated by spectroscopic and spectrometric means. Some 29 compounds were dereplicated by HPLC-MS and tentatively identified, including nine flavones/flavonol derivatives, one flavanone, eight dihydroflavonols and nine phenyl-propanoids. Propolis from the RegiÛn del Maule showed large variation in antimicrobial effect, antioxidant activity and composition. So far the presence of diarylheptanoids in samples from the coastal area of central Chile can be considered as a marker of a new type of propolis. PMID:26457694
Vesicularity variation to pyroclasts from silicic eruptions at Laguna del Maule volcanic complex, Chile
NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)
Wright, H. M. N.; Fierstein, J.; Amigo, A.; Miranda, J.
Crystal-poor rhyodacitic to rhyolitic volcanic eruptions at Laguna del Maule volcanic complex, Chile have produced an astonishing range of textural variation to pyroclasts. Here, we focus on eruptive deposits from two Quaternary eruptions from vents on the northwestern side of the Laguna del Maule basin: the rhyolite of Loma de Los Espejos and the rhyodacite of Laguna Sin Puerto. Clasts in the pyroclastic fall and pyroclastic flow deposits from the rhyolite of Loma de Los Espejos range from dense, non-vesicular (obsidian) to highly vesicular, frothy (coarsely vesicular reticulite); where vesicularity varies from <1% to >90%. Bulk compositions range from 75.6-76.7 wt.% SiO2. The highest vesicularity clasts are found in early fall deposits and widely dispersed pyroclastic flow deposits; the frothy carapace to lava flows is similarly highly vesicular. Pyroclastic deposits also contain tube pumice, and macroscopically folded, finely vesicular, breadcrusted, and heterogeneously vesiculated textures. We speculate that preservation of the highest vesicularities requires relatively low decompression rates or open system degassing such that relaxation times were sufficient to allow extensive vesiculation. Such an inference is in apparent contradiction to documentation of Plinian dispersal to the eruption. Clasts in the pyroclastic fall deposit of the rhyodacite (68-72 wt.% SiO2) of Laguna Sin Puerto are finely vesicular, with vesicularity modes at ~50% and ~68% corresponding to gray and white pumice colors, respectively. Some clasts are banded in color (and vesicularity). All clasts were fragmented into highly angular particles, with subplanar to slightly concave exterior surfaces (average Wadell Roundness of clast margins between 0.32 and 0.39), indicating brittle fragmentation. In contrast to Loma de Los Espejos, high bubble number densities to Laguna Sin Puerto rhyodacite imply high decompression rates.
The Neandertals of northeastern Iberia: new remains from the Cova del Gegant (Sitges, Barcelona).
Quam, Rolf; Sanz, Montserrat; Daura, Joan; Robson Brown, Kate; García-González, Rebeca; Rodríguez, Laura; Dawson, Heidi; Rodríguez, Rosa Flor; Gómez, Sandra; Villaescusa, Lucía; Rubio, Ángel; Yagüe, Almudena; Ortega Martínez, María Cruz; Fullola, Josep Maria; Zilhão, João; Arsuaga, Juan Luis
The present study describes a new juvenile hominin mandible and teeth and a new juvenile humerus from level V of the GP2 gallery of Cova del Gegant (Spain). The mandible (Gegant-5) preserves a portion of the right mandibular corpus from the M1 distally to the socket for the dc mesially, and the age at death is estimated as 4.5-5.0 years. Gegant-5 shows a single mental foramen located under the dm1/dm2 interdental septum, a relatively posterior placement compared with recent hominins of a similar developmental age. The mental foramen in Gegant-5 is also placed within the lower half of the mandibular corpus, as in the previously described late adolescent/adult mandible (Gegant-1) from this same Middle Paleolithic site. The Gegant-5 canine shows pronounced marginal ridges, a distal accessory ridge, and a pronounced distolingual tubercle. The P3 shows a lingually-displaced protoconid cusp tip and a distal accessory ridge. The P4 shows a slightly asymmetrical crown outline, a continuous transverse crest, a mesially placed metaconid cusp tip, a slight distal accessory ridge, and an accessory lingual cusp. The M1 shows a Y5 pattern of cusp contact and a well-developed and deep anterior fovea bounded posteriorly by a continuous midtrigonid crest. Gegant-4 is the distal portion of a left humerus from a juvenile estimated to be between 5 and 7 years old at death. The specimen shows thick cortical bone. Although fragmentary, the constellation of morphological and metric features indicates Neandertal affinities for these specimens. Their spatial proximity at the site and similar ages at death suggest these remains may represent a single individual. The addition of these new specimens brings the total number of Neandertal remains from the Cova del Gegant to five, and this site documents the clearest evidence for Neandertal fossils associated with Middle Paleolithic stone tools in this region of the Iberian Peninsula. PMID:25766902
Association between Inflammatory Infiltrates and Isolated Monosomy 22/del(22q) in Meningiomas
Domingues, PatrÌcia Henriques; TeodÛsio, Cristina; Otero, ¡lvaro; Sousa, Pablo; Ortiz, Javier; Macias, MarÌa del Carmen GarcÌa; GonÁalves, Jes˙s MarÌa; Nieto, Ana BelÈn; Lopes, MarÌa Celeste; de Oliveira, Catarina
Meningiomas contain highly variable levels of infiltrating tissue macrophages (TiMa) and other immune cells. In this study we investigated the potential association between the number and immunophenotype of inflammatory and other immune cells infiltrating the tumor as evaluated by multiparameter flow cytometry, and the clinico-biological, cytogenetic and gene expression profile (GEP) of 75 meningioma patients. Overall, our results showed a close association between the amount and cellular composition of the inflammatory and other immune cell infiltrates and the cytogenetic profile of the tumors. Notably, tumors with isolated monosomy 22/del(22q) showed greater numbers of TiMa, NK cells and (recently)-activated CD69+ lymphocytes versus meningiomas with diploid and complex karyotypes. In addition, in the former cytogenetic subgroup of meningiomas, tumor-infiltrating TiMa also showed a more activated and functionally mature phenotype, as reflected by a greater fraction of CD69+, CD63+, CD16+ and CD33+ cells. GEP at the mRNA level showed a unique GEP among meningiomas with an isolated monosomy 22/del(22q) versus all other cases, which consisted of increased expression of genes involved in inflammatory/immune response, associated with an M1 TiMa phenotype. Altogether, these results suggest that loss of expression of specific genes coded in chromosome 22 (e.g. MIF) is closely associated with an increased homing and potentially also anti-tumoral effect of TiMa, which could contribute to explain the better outcome of this specific good-prognosis cytogenetic subgroup of meningiomas. PMID:24098347
Molecular epidemiology and genetic diversity of hepatitis B virus in Mar del Plata city, Argentina.
Barbini, Luciana; Elizalde, Mercedes; Torres, Carolina; Campos, Rodolfo
The aim of this work was to describe the current molecular epidemiology and genetic diversity of HBV in Mar del Plata, an important Argentinean touristic city. The phylogenetic analysis of 29 HBV DNA positive serum samples showed that F1b was the predominant subgenotype (sgt, 62.1%), followed by sgt A2 (13.8%) and sgt F4, gt D and gt G (6.9% each). Among anti-HBc IgM positive samples, 75.0% were sgt F1b, followed by sgt F4 (12.5%), sgt A2 (6.25%) and sgt D (6.25%). Three recombinant full length genomes were found: two G/F1b (some of the first gt G detected in Argentina) and one F4/D2. The circulation of clinical important mutations in the city was described. Mutations at the HBsAg were detected in 34.5% of the analyzed samples, associated with laboratory diagnosis and antiviral treatment failures, immune escape and hepatocellular carcinoma. Most of the samples presented wild type BCP/PC sequences. Coalescence analysis for the most prevalent sgt F1b estimated that the diversification mainly occured during mid '90s and the tMRCA was estimated in 1987. Finally, the high presence of the autochthonous sgt F1b, associated with the anti-HBc IgM positive infection and its present-day diversification process, shows the strong impact of internal human migratory movements into the current population of Mar del Plata. PMID:23871776
Bryophyte-Cyanobacteria Associations during Primary Succession in Recently Deglaciated Areas of Tierra del Fuego (Chile)
Arróniz-Crespo, María; Pérez-Ortega, Sergio; De los Ríos, Asunción; Green, T. G. Allan; Ochoa-Hueso, Raúl; Casermeiro, Miguel Ángel; de la Cruz, María Teresa; Pintado, Ana; Palacios, David; Rozzi, Ricardo; Tysklind, Niklas; Sancho, Leopoldo G.
Bryophyte establishment represents a positive feedback process that enhances soil development in newly exposed terrain. Further, biological nitrogen (N) fixation by cyanobacteria in association with mosses can be an important supply of N to terrestrial ecosystems, however the role of these associations during post-glacial primary succession is not yet fully understood. Here, we analyzed chronosequences in front of two receding glaciers with contrasting climatic conditions (wetter vs drier) at Cordillera Darwin (Tierra del Fuego) and found that most mosses had the capacity to support an epiphytic flora of cyanobacteria and exhibited high rates of N2 fixation. Pioneer moss-cyanobacteria associations showed the highest N2 fixation rates (4.60 and 4.96 µg N g−1 bryo. d−1) very early after glacier retreat (4 and 7 years) which may help accelerate soil development under wetter conditions. In drier climate, N2 fixation on bryophyte-cyanobacteria associations was also high (0.94 and 1.42 µg N g−1 bryo. d−1) but peaked at intermediate-aged sites (26 and 66 years). N2 fixation capacity on bryophytes was primarily driven by epiphytic cyanobacteria abundance rather than community composition. Most liverworts showed low colonization and N2 fixation rates, and mosses did not exhibit consistent differences across life forms and habitat (saxicolous vs terricolous). We also found a clear relationship between cyanobacteria genera and the stages of ecological succession, but no relationship was found with host species identity. Glacier forelands in Tierra del Fuego show fast rates of soil transformation which imply large quantities of N inputs. Our results highlight the potential contribution of bryophyte-cyanobacteria associations to N accumulation during post-glacial primary succession and further describe the factors that drive N2-fixation rates in post-glacial areas with very low N deposition. PMID:24819926
Bryophyte-cyanobacteria associations during primary succession in recently Deglaciated areas of Tierra del Fuego (Chile).
Arróniz-Crespo, María; Pérez-Ortega, Sergio; De Los Ríos, Asunción; Green, T G Allan; Ochoa-Hueso, Raúl; Casermeiro, Miguel Ángel; de la Cruz, María Teresa; Pintado, Ana; Palacios, David; Rozzi, Ricardo; Tysklind, Niklas; Sancho, Leopoldo G
Bryophyte establishment represents a positive feedback process that enhances soil development in newly exposed terrain. Further, biological nitrogen (N) fixation by cyanobacteria in association with mosses can be an important supply of N to terrestrial ecosystems, however the role of these associations during post-glacial primary succession is not yet fully understood. Here, we analyzed chronosequences in front of two receding glaciers with contrasting climatic conditions (wetter vs drier) at Cordillera Darwin (Tierra del Fuego) and found that most mosses had the capacity to support an epiphytic flora of cyanobacteria and exhibited high rates of N2 fixation. Pioneer moss-cyanobacteria associations showed the highest N2 fixation rates (4.60 and 4.96 µg N g-1 bryo. d-1) very early after glacier retreat (4 and 7 years) which may help accelerate soil development under wetter conditions. In drier climate, N2 fixation on bryophyte-cyanobacteria associations was also high (0.94 and 1.42 µg N g-1 bryo. d-1) but peaked at intermediate-aged sites (26 and 66 years). N2 fixation capacity on bryophytes was primarily driven by epiphytic cyanobacteria abundance rather than community composition. Most liverworts showed low colonization and N2 fixation rates, and mosses did not exhibit consistent differences across life forms and habitat (saxicolous vs terricolous). We also found a clear relationship between cyanobacteria genera and the stages of ecological succession, but no relationship was found with host species identity. Glacier forelands in Tierra del Fuego show fast rates of soil transformation which imply large quantities of N inputs. Our results highlight the potential contribution of bryophyte-cyanobacteria associations to N accumulation during post-glacial primary succession and further describe the factors that drive N2-fixation rates in post-glacial areas with very low N deposition. PMID:24819926
Reciprocal relation between GADD153 and Del-1 in regulation of salivary gland inflammation in Sjˆgren syndrome.
Baban, Babak; Liu, Jun Yao; Abdelsayed, Rafik; Mozaffari, Mahmood S
Endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress response is a pivotal regulator of inflammation and cell death. An integral component of ER stress-induced apoptosis is expression of growth arrest- and DNA damage-inducible protein 153 (GADD153). Further, ER stress response is implicated in leukocyte adhesion and recent studies have discovered endogenous inhibitors of leukocyte adhesion including the developmental endothelial locus-1 (Del-1). Accordingly, we tested the hypothesis that Sjˆgren's syndrome (SS) is associated with increased salivary gland expression of GADD153 and increased leukocyte infiltration in association with decreased Del-1 thereby contributing to inflammation and cell death. We utilized the non-obese diabetic (NOD) mice, a model of SS-like disease, in association with immunostaining and flow cytometry-based studies. Salivary glands of 14-week-old NOD mice displayed a) increased GADD153 expression, b) marked reduction in Del-1, c) inflammatory cell infiltrates including CD3+ T and CD19+ B lymphocytes as well as M1 and M2 macrophages and d) increased pro-inflammatory interleukin (IL)-17 but reduced anti-inflammatory cytokine, IL-10. These changes were accompanied with disruption of mitochondrial membrane potential and significant increase in apoptosis and necrosis of salivary gland cells of NOD than control mice. Our collective observations suggested that GADD153 directly and/or indirectly through downregulation of Del-1 contributes importantly to salivary gland inflammation and cell death. To establish the relevance of GADD153 and Del-1 for the human condition, lower lip biopsy samples of non-SS subjects and those with a diagnosis of SS were subjected to immunohistochemistry. The results show intense GADD153 immunostaining but marked reduction in Del-1 expression in biopsy samples of SS compared to non-SS subjects. Collectively, the results indicate that GADD153 regulates inflammation and cell death in salivary gland in SS. Further, Del-1 expression likely provides a mechanistic link between increased GADD153 and leukocyte infiltration and accompanying inflammation of salivary gland tissue in this condition. PMID:24060278
Glacial geomorphology of the Torres del Paine region (southern Patagonia): Implications for glaciation, deglaciation and paleolake history
NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)
GarcÌa, Juan-Luis; Hall, Brenda L.; Kaplan, Michael R.; Vega, Rodrigo M.; Strelin, Jorge A.
The processes affecting paleoclimate variability and Pleistocene glacial landscape development in the southern mid-latitudes remain poorly understood, in part because of the scarcity of comprehensive, well-studied records. Glacial landforms are invaluable for reconstructing past ice-sheet, climate, and associated environmental changes along the southern Andes, but there are significant spatial and temporal gaps in existing data. In this paper, we present new geomorphic and sedimentologic analyses, including surficial maps, for the Torres del Paine region (51∞S, 73∞W), southern South America. Our findings provide a new framework for understanding changes in the regional glacier history and Pleistocene landscape development. Glacial extent during the local last glacial maximum (LGM) remains unknown but new chronological data supported by geomorphic evidence afford evidence for a larger ice sheet at Torres del Paine than previously assumed. Deglaciation from the local LGM was underway by 17,400 ± 200 (1?) cal. yr. BP. As opposed to previous suggestions, we have found that most of the moraines fringing the lakes in the Torres del Paine national park were deposited during a late-glacial expansion that occurred between 14,100 and 12,500 cal. yr. BP. Late-glacial advances also have been documented recently for the ⁄ltima Esperanza and Lago Argentino basins to the south and north of Torres del Paine, respectively, suggesting an overall regional ice response to a climate signal. The Tehuelche paleolake accompanied each of the ice-sheet fluctuations in Torres del Paine. New data document at least three main phases of this paleolake, which drained eastward to the Atlantic Ocean, while the Andes gaps were blocked with ice. During the late phase of glacial lake formation, when water levels reached 125-155 m a.s.l., the lake likely merged with paleolake Consuelo in the ⁄ltima Esperanza area at the end of the last glaciation. Lake Tehuelche in Torres del Paine had drained into the Pacific Ocean by the late-glacial period, suggesting that ice southwest of Torres del Paine may have retreated back into the mountains by this time.
Prevalencia y tamizaje del Trastorno por Déficit de Atención con Hiperactividad en Costa Rica
Weiss, Nicholas T.; Schuler, Jovita; Monge, Silvia; McGough, James J.; Chavira, Denise; Bagnarello, Monica; Herrera, Luis Diego; Mathews, Carol A.
Resumen La investigación tuvo como propósito estimar la prevalencia del Trastorno por Déficit de Atención con Hiperactividad (TDAH) en Costa Rica y determinar si la versión en español del cuestionario Swanson Nolan and Pelham Scale IV (SNAP-IV) es un instrumento de tamizaje útil en una población de niños y niñas escolares costarricenses. El instrumento fue entregado a padres y maestros de 425 niños entre 5 y 13 años de edad (promedio = 8.8). Todos fueron evaluados con el instrumento Swanson, Kotkin, Agler, M-Flynn and Pelham Scale (SKAMP). Su diagnóstico fue confirmado con una entrevista clínica. La sensibilidad y la especificidad del SNAP-IV fueron evaluadas como predictores de criterios de diagnóstico según el DSM-IV. La prevalencia puntual en la muestra del TDAH fue del 5%. El tamizaje más preciso lo hizo el SNAP-IV completado por el maestro en un corte de 20%, con una sensibilidad de 96% y una especificidad de un 82%. La sensibilidad de los instrumentos completados por los padres fue más baja que aquella de los maestros. El SNAP-IV completado por las maestras con un corte aislando el 20% de los mayores puntajes categorizó correctamente a un 87% de los sujetos. PMID:22432094
Targeted re-sequencing analysis of 25 genes commonly mutated in myeloid disorders in del(5q) myelodysplastic syndromes
Fernandez-Mercado, Marta; Burns, Adam; Pellagatti, Andrea; Giagounidis, Aristoteles; Germing, Ulrich; Agirre, Xabier; Prosper, Felipe; Aul, Carlo; Killick, Sally; Wainscoat, James S.; Schuh, Anna; Boultwood, Jacqueline
Interstitial deletion of chromosome 5q is the most common chromosomal abnormality in myelodysplastic syndromes. The catalogue of genes involved in the molecular pathogenesis of myelodysplastic syndromes is rapidly expanding and next-generation sequencing technology allows detection of these mutations at great depth. Here we describe the design, validation and application of a targeted next-generation sequencing approach to simultaneously screen 25 genes mutated in myeloid malignancies. We used this method alongside single nucleotide polymorphism-array technology to characterize the mutational and cytogenetic profile of 43 cases of early or advanced del(5q) myelodysplastic syndromes. A total of 29 mutations were detected in our cohort. Overall, 45% of early and 66.7% of advanced cases had at least one mutation. Genes with the highest mutation frequency among advanced cases were TP53 and ASXL1 (25% of patients each). These showed a lower mutation frequency in cases of 5q- syndrome (4.5% and 13.6%, respectively), suggesting a role in disease progression in del(5q) myelodysplastic syndromes. Fifty-two percent of mutations identified were in genes involved in epigenetic regulation (ASXL1, TET2, DNMT3A and JAK2). Six mutations had allele frequencies <20%, likely below the detection limit of traditional sequencing methods. Genomic array data showed that cases of advanced del(5q) myelodysplastic syndrome had a complex background of cytogenetic aberrations, often encompassing genes involved in myeloid disorders. Our study is the first to investigate the molecular pathogenesis of early and advanced del(5q) myelodysplastic syndromes using next-generation sequencing technology on a large panel of genes frequently mutated in myeloid malignancies, further illuminating the molecular landscape of del(5q) myelodysplastic syndromes. PMID:23831921
Targeted re-sequencing analysis of 25 genes commonly mutated in myeloid disorders in del(5q) myelodysplastic syndromes.
Fernandez-Mercado, Marta; Burns, Adam; Pellagatti, Andrea; Giagounidis, Aristoteles; Germing, Ulrich; Agirre, Xabier; Prosper, Felipe; Aul, Carlo; Killick, Sally; Wainscoat, James S; Schuh, Anna; Boultwood, Jacqueline
Interstitial deletion of chromosome 5q is the most common chromosomal abnormality in myelodysplastic syndromes. The catalogue of genes involved in the molecular pathogenesis of myelodysplastic syndromes is rapidly expanding and next-generation sequencing technology allows detection of these mutations at great depth. Here we describe the design, validation and application of a targeted next-generation sequencing approach to simultaneously screen 25 genes mutated in myeloid malignancies. We used this method alongside single nucleotide polymorphism-array technology to characterize the mutational and cytogenetic profile of 43 cases of early or advanced del(5q) myelodysplastic syndromes. A total of 29 mutations were detected in our cohort. Overall, 45% of early and 66.7% of advanced cases had at least one mutation. Genes with the highest mutation frequency among advanced cases were TP53 and ASXL1 (25% of patients each). These showed a lower mutation frequency in cases of 5q- syndrome (4.5% and 13.6%, respectively), suggesting a role in disease progression in del(5q) myelodysplastic syndromes. Fifty-two percent of mutations identified were in genes involved in epigenetic regulation (ASXL1, TET2, DNMT3A and JAK2). Six mutations had allele frequencies <20%, likely below the detection limit of traditional sequencing methods. Genomic array data showed that cases of advanced del(5q) myelodysplastic syndrome had a complex background of cytogenetic aberrations, often encompassing genes involved in myeloid disorders. Our study is the first to investigate the molecular pathogenesis of early and advanced del(5q) myelodysplastic syndromes using next-generation sequencing technology on a large panel of genes frequently mutated in myeloid malignancies, further illuminating the molecular landscape of del(5q) myelodysplastic syndromes. PMID:23831921
Effect of human activated NRAS on replication of delNS1 H5N1 influenza virus in MDCK cells
Background RAS, coded by ras proto-oncogenes, played an important role in signal transmission to regulate cell growth and differentiation. Host activation of RAS was significant for IFN-sensitive vaccinia virus (delE3L) or attenuate influenza virus in unallowable cells. Results Huamn NRAS gene was activated by mutating in codon 61. Then the activation of NRAS was detected by western blot in MDCK cells. The delNS1 H5N1 influenza virus with deletion of NS1 eIF4GI binding domain was weak multiplication in MDCK cells. And the replication of delNS1 virus and expression of IFN-beta and IRF-3 were detected by Real-time PCR in MDCK cells infected with delNS1 virus. It was found that the delNS1 virus had a significant increase in MDCK cells when the NRAS was activated, and yet, expression of IRF-3 and IFN-beta were restrained. Conclusions The study demonstrated that activated NRAS played an important part for delNS1 virus replication in MDCK cells. Activated NRAS might be down-regulating the expression of antiviral cellular factors in delNS1 virus infected cells. PMID:21595878
La utilizacion de los mapas conceptuales en la ensenanza de biologia y su efecto sobre el dominio del proceso de fotosintesis en los estudiantes universitarios
NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)
Gonzalez Rivera, Maria M.
Se investigo el efecto de los mapas conceptuales sobre el dominio del proceso de fotosintesis en estudiantes universitarios. La investigacion utilizo dos estrategias: mapas conceptuales individuales y mapas conceptuales colaborativos, con el fin de investigar si existen diferencias significativas en el dominio del proceso de fotosintesis. El analisis de los datos incluyo aspectos cualitativos y cuantitativos. Se desprende del estudio que el 80% de los estudiantes describen la utilizacion de los mapas conceptuales como una experiencia beneficiosa. El 70% de los estudiantes expreso que los mapas conceptuales son utiles en el aprendizaje del proceso de fotosintesis y el 61% indico que facilitan la comprension de los conceptos. Los hallazgos mas importantes del analisis cuantitativo indican que los estudiantes que utilizaron los mapas conceptuales mejoraron significativamente su desempeno en la posprueba global. Se utilizo la prueba Mann-Whitney para investigar si existian diferencias significativas en la posprueba y preprueba global, el valor de W = 1945.0, para un valor p de 0.00, lo cual establece diferencias significativas. Para determinar si existian diferencias significativas entre la posprueba y preprueba del grupo individual, se realizo la prueba nuevamente. El valor de W correspondio a 490.5, que es significativo, con un valor p de 0.00. Se concluye que existen diferencias significativas entre la ejecucion de la posprueba y preprueba del grupo individual. Los datos proveen suficiente evidencia para sostener que los estudiantes que utilizaron la estrategia de mapas conceptuales individuales mejoraron el dominio del proceso de fotosintesis significativamente. Se realizo nuevamente la prueba para los resultados de posprueba y preprueba del grupo colaborativo. El valor de W correspondio a 446 con un valor p de 0.00. Se concluyo que existen diferencias significativas entre la ejecucion de la posprueba y preprueba del grupo colaborativo. Finalmente, se efectuo una prueba Mann-Whitney comparando la posprueba de ambos grupos. El valor de W fue de a 777, para un valor p de 0.2782. Aunque las puntuaciones de las pospruebas del grupo colaborativo fueron mayores que las puntuaciones de la posprueba del grupo individual, la diferencia no fue estadisticamente significativa.
Spatial variability of cv Tempranillo phenology within the Ribera del Duero DO (Spain) related to soil type and plot characteristics
NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)
Ramos, Maria C.; Jones, Gregory V.; Yuste, Jes˙s
Vineyards in the Ribera del Duero area (Spain) date back to the roman time, with significant fluctuations throughout the centuries, reaching consolidation and stable production in the 10th and 11th centuries. The present Ribera del Duero Designation of Origen (DO) started in 1980 and has increased from less than 6,000 ha planted to more than 21,000 ha planted by 2010 and becoming one the top regions for wine production in Spain with success in the global wine market. Vineyards of Ribera del Duero are found along 115 km of the Duero River. Within this distance, differences in elevation and topography produce differences in climate, which provide the means by which a zonification for vineyard management can be assessed. In this work, the differences in phenological growth characteristics for the Tempranillo variety were analyzed within the Ribera del Duero DO and related to soil and plot characteristics. Phenology dates, referenced to different Baggiolini classification stages, were evaluated in 20 control plots distributed throughout the Ribera del Duero DO during the period 2004-2012. These years presented different climatic characteristics, which were analyzed from daily temperature and precipitation series recorded from 1980 to 2012 at five stations located along the Duero River. Most vineyards were cultivated under rainfed conditions. In order to evaluate the spatial variability in phenology, climate and soils, the plots were classified using a hierarchical cluster multivariate analysis. Parameters such as the elevation, the distance to river and the soil type were taken into account in the classification. According to the WRB classification (2006) the main soil types in the area are Calcaric Cambisols, Eutric Cambisols, Calcic Luvisol, Calcaric fluvisols, Eutric fluvisols and in less proportion Lithic Leptosols and Calcaric Rogosols. Four different groups were observed, with differences in elevation, distance to the Duero River and the soil type. The differences in phenology among groups started in stage G and were observed until the end of the growing cycle. Despite the high variability driven by the year to year in climate characteristics, it was possible to define the soil and plot characteristics that favour advanced phenology within the Ribera del Duero DO.
[Teoria della Mente e funzionamento sociale nella schizofrenia: correlazione con anomalie del linguaggio figurato, sintomatologia clinica e intelligenza generale].
Piovan, Cristiano; Gava, Laura; Campeol, Mara
RIASSUNTO. Scopo. Negli ultimi decenni gli studi hanno mostrato come la Teoria della Mente (ToM) non sia un processo unitario, ma un sistema che include aspetti cognitivi e affettivi. Nell'ambito dei domini che definiscono la social cognition, la ToM rappresenta il miglior predittore dello scarso funzionamento sociale nella schizofrenia. Lo scopo del presente lavoro √® stato di esaminare la competenza di un gruppo di pazienti ambulatoriali affetti da schizofrenia in compiti di ToM, di riconoscimento di aspetti metaforici e idiomatici del linguaggio, in una prova di rispetto di regole conversazionali e di indagarne la relazione con il funzionamento sociale. Metodi. Sono stati reclutati 30 pazienti ambulatoriali con diagnosi di schizofrenia e 24 controlli sani. Sono stati somministrati il TIB per il calcolo del QI premorboso, la PANSS, il Theory of Mind Picture Sequencing Task, un test di comprensione di metafore e idiomi e un test conversazionale. Il funzionamento sociale √® stato valutato con la PSP. Risultati. Non vi era differenza significativa tra i valori medi del QI premorboso del gruppo dei pazienti e dei controlli. Ai test di ToM e di competenza pragmatica, la differenza tra i gruppi √® risultata altamente significativa, con i pazienti che hanno eseguito le prove in modo peggiore. √à emersa una correlazione tra la comprensione di metafore e idiomi e le false credenze di secondo ordine. La PSP √® risultata correlata con la PANSS e con la quota di ToM cognitiva, ma non con la ToM affettiva. Conclusioni. I risultati hanno mostrato che i soggetti affetti da schizofrenia, in condizione clinica di stabilizzazione, hanno evidenti difficolt√Ý nelle prove di ToM e di comprensione del linguaggio figurato. Nel nostro modello teorico, la correlazione evidenziata tra la ToM cognitiva, i deficit pragmatici, lo stato clinico e il livello di funzionamento sociale suggerisce l'utilit√Ý di interventi riabilitativi di recupero delle funzioni metacognitive e delle abilit√Ý pragmatiche, al fine di ridurre la disabilit√Ý sociale nella schizofrenia. PMID:27030346
Analysis of strong rainfall events at Cividale del Friuli (Northeastern Italy) from 1920 to 2007
NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)
Colucci, R. R.; Cucchi, F.; Stravisi, F.; Zini, L.
Strong rainfall events have been selected from a detailed statistical investigation of the rainfall regime recorded at Cividale del Friuli (which is a town situated in the piedmont area of the Italian Prealpi Giulie), by applying suitable thresholds on the set of monthly and daily rainfall. On the basis of these data the following aspects as been explored: Time evolution of the location of the most rainy month, for each year, in the meteorological seasons; Return period, in years, of the maximum monthly precipitation, for each year; Return period, in years, of the maximum daily precipitation, for each year; Return period, in years, of the maximum precipitation during two consecutive days, for each year; Trend of the series of rainy days above a given thresholds, for different thresholds; Long term evolution of the infra-annual precipitation by averaging four 21-years cycles of rainfall for the periods 1924-44, 1945-65, 1966-86, 1987-2007; Comparison of the above rainfall series with that of Trieste which is a coastal town situated at the north-eastern most part of the Adriatic sea, about 70 km far from Cividale del Friuli (which is usually much more rainy than Trieste). Unlike the almost constant linear trend for Trieste, that of Cividale del Friuli is markedly decreasing in the whole period 1920-2007. This phenomenon is ascribed to a recent climatic change in the mesoscale wind regime in which winds from NW-N-NE are more frequent than those zonal. Therefore in the areas more close to the mountains a lesser and lesser quantity of rain is recorded relatively to the areas far enough from the mountains like Trieste. The different behaviour is more evident during spring and summer which are the seasons with the higher occurrence of thunderstorms. Winter period shows a different behaviour between the years before and after 1980; in the last 30 years the decreasing of the differences has been very pronounced. Further conclusions are the following: Total yearly rainfalls show a relevant decrease of about -277mm/100y; The most rainy month is July for the whole interval 1920-2007, but this month undergoes an important climatic change with the tendency to become a typical late summer month; The soul month in which rainfalls has increased is September, on the other hand January, July, October and December do not exhibit significant variations while the remaning months tend to become more dry; Total rainfall on September 1965, that is 708 mm, is quite exceptional and probably such values has a return period much longer than those analyzed in this work; The number of days with strong rainfalls (50-75 mm/d) is constant in the considered interval and this implies the tendency to less frequent but more intense rainfall events; Intense rainfall during two days take placed more frequently from Maj to June and from September to November and 17 cases have been recorded with intensity higher than 150mm/2d; In general, the return period of a rainfall with 100mm/2d is 1.5 years, of one with 150mm/2d is about 5 years and of one over 200mm/2d is beyond 30 years; The maximum rainfall that has taken placed on two consecutive days reached 210.4 mm;
Presence of c.3956delC mutation in familial adenomatous polyposis patients from Brazil
Moreira-Nunes, Caroline Aquino; Alc'ntara, Diego di Felipe ¡vila; Lima-J˙nior, SÈrgio Figueiredo; CavallÈro, Sandro Roberto de Ara˙jo; Rey, Juan Antonio; Pinto, Giovanny RebouÁas; de AssumpÁ"o, Paulo Pimentel; Burbano, Rommel Rodriguez
AIM: To characterize APC gene mutations and correlate them with patient phenotypes in individuals diagnosed with familial adenomatous polyposis (FAP) in northern Brazil. METHODS: A total of 15 individuals diagnosed with FAP from 5 different families from the north of Brazil were analyzed in this study. In addition to patients with histopathological diagnosis of FAP, family members who had not developed the disease were also tested in order to identify mutations and for possible genetic counseling. All analyzed patients or their guardians signed a consent form approved by the Research Ethics Committee of the Jo"o de Barros Barreto University Hospital (Belem, Brazil). DNA extracted from the peripheral blood of a member of each of the affected families was subjected to direct sequencing. The proband of each family was sequenced to identify germline mutations using the Ion Torrent platform. To validate the detected mutations, Sanger sequencing was also performed. The samples from all patients were also tested for the identification of mutations by real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction using the amplification refractory mutation system. RESULTS: Through interviews with relatives and a search of medical records, it was possible to construct genograms for three of the five families included in the study. All 15 patients from the five families with FAP exhibited mutations in the APC gene, and all mutations were detected in exon 15 of the APC gene. In addition to the patients with a histological diagnosis of FAP, family members without disease symptoms showed the mutation in the APC gene. In the present study, we detected two of the three most frequent germline mutations in the literature: the mutation at codon 1309 and the mutation at codon 1061. The presence of c.3956delC mutation was found in all families from this study, and suggests that this mutation was introduced in the population of the State of Par· through ancestor immigration (i.e., a de novo mutation that arose in one member belonging to this state from Brazil). CONCLUSION: Regardless of its origin, the c.3956delC mutation is a strong candidate biomarker of this hereditary cancer syndrome in families of northern Brazil. PMID:26309368
Impacts of acid emissions from Nevado del Ruiz volcano, Colombia, on selected terrestrial and aquatic ecosystems
NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)
Parnell, Roderic A.; Burke, Kelly J.
Emissions of acidic gases and thermal waters from Nevado del Ruiz volcano have recently increased in concert with the November 13, 1985 eruption. This study examines the downwind and downstream effects of these emissions on alpine ecosystems high on the slopes of the volcano (4100 m) and on coffee plantations at lower elevations (< 2000 m) and greater distances from the active vent (> 30 km). Samples of bulk deposition, rain, soils, soil solutions, and streams were collected over a six-month period (January-July, 1987) to examine the impacts of this volcanogenic acidity. Bulk deposition falling on the higher slopes of the volcano is usually acidified; however, deposition reaching the distal coffee plantations seldom is acidic. The sources of the acids are hydrogen chloride and sulfur dioxide in the plume of the volcano. Although sulfur dioxide is by far the more abundant gas, hydrogen chloride is most responsible for acidification of rain falling on the slopes of the volcano. With distance from the vent, the chloride/sulfate ratio drops exponentially. The only major influence on regional precipitation chemistry in addition to the volcano appears to be land-use-related activities around the coffee plantations. Deposition on these areas is enriched by an order of magnitude in nitrate and base cations, compared to all other stations. Throughfall chemistry in the coffee plantations shows a dramatic response to occasional acid-rain events. A base-leaching process on coffee plant leaves is triggered by acid rain. For each equivalent of hydrogen ion in rain on the leaf surface, over 23 equivalents of potassium ion are leached from the leaf. In spite of this dramatic response by the vegetation, the plantation soils appear relatively unaffected by acidic deposition. In contrast, the alpine soils on the volcano exhibit low pHs, high sulfate and chloride concentrations in soil solutions, and high extractable sulfate concentrations. All of these factors indicate that these soils have undergone significant acid loading. While the deposition of the region is acidified by hydrogen chloride, the streams flowing off the volcano are apparently acidified by sulfuric acid in thermal waters discharging into the streams. The acidity of these streams decreases downstream, while the silica concentrations increase downstream. The composition of stream water is most influenced by thermal-water discharges as well as equilibrium dissolution of amorphous silica glass and non-equilibrium leaching of unweathered ash. The impacts of acid gases and thermal water released from the volcano appear to be restricted to ecosystems on the slope of the volcano. The only impact of Nevado del Ruiz on surrounding coffee plantations appears to be potassium leaching of coffee leaves from occasional acid-deposition events.
Assessing the ecological effects of human impacts on coral reefs in Bocas del Toro, Panama.
Seemann, Janina; González, Cindy T; Carballo-Bolaños, Rodrigo; Berry, Kathryn; Heiss, Georg A; Struck, Ulrich; Leinfelder, Reinhold R
Environmental and biological reef monitoring was conducted in Almirante Bay (Bah√≠a Almirante) in Bocas del Toro, Panama, to assess impacts from anthropogenic developments. An integrated monitoring investigated how seasonal temperature stress, turbidity, eutrophication and physical impacts threatened reef health and biodiversity throughout the region. Environmental parameters such as total suspended solids [TSS], carbon isotopes (Œ¥(13)C), C/N ratios, chlorophyll a, irradiance, secchi depth, size fractions of the sediments and isotope composition of dissolved inorganic carbon [DIC] of the water were measured throughout the years 2010 and 2011 and were analysed in order to identify different impact sources. Compared to data from Collin et al. (Smithsonian Contributions to the Marine Sciences 38:324-334, 2009) chlorophyll a has doubled at sites close to the city and the port Almirante (from 0.46-0.49 to 0.78-0.97¬ÝŒºg¬Ýl(-1)) and suspension load increased, visible by a decrease in secchi depth values. Visibility decreased from 9-13¬Ým down to 4¬Ým at the bay inlet Boca del Drago, which is strongly exposed to river run off and dredging for the shipping traffic. Eutrophication and turbidity levels seemed to be the determining factor for the loss of hard coral diversity, most significant at chlorophyll a levels higher than 0.5¬ÝŒºg¬Ýl(-1) and TSS levels higher than 4.7¬Ýmg¬Ýl(-1). Hard coral cover within the bay has also declined, at some sites down to <10¬Ý% with extremely low diversities (7 hard coral species). The hard coral species Porites furcata dominated the reefs in highly impacted areas and showed a strong recovery after bleaching and a higher tolerance to turbidity and eutrophication compared to other hard coral species in the bay. Serious overfishing was detected in the region by a lack of adult and carnivorous fish species, such as grunts, snappers and groupers. Study sites less impacted by anthropogenic activities and/or those with local protection showed a higher hard coral cover and fish abundance; however, an overall loss of hard coral diversity was observed. PMID:24254491
Junctional abnormalities in human airway epithelial cells expressing F508del CFTR.
Molina, Samuel A; Stauffer, Brandon; Moriarty, Hannah K; Kim, Agnes H; McCarty, Nael A; Koval, Michael
Cystic fibrosis (CF) has a profound impact on airway physiology. Accumulating evidence suggests that intercellular junctions are impaired in CF. We examined changes to CF transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) function, tight junctions, and gap junctions in NuLi-1 (CFTR(wt/wt)) and CuFi-5 (CFTR(?F508/?F508)) cells. Cells were studied at air-liquid interface (ALI) and compared with primary human bronchial epithelial cells. On the basis of fluorescent lectin binding, the phenotype of the NuLi-1 and CuFi-5 cells at week 8 resembled that of serous, glycoprotein-rich airway cells. After week 7, CuFi-5 cells possessed 130% of the epithelial Na(+) channel activity and 17% of the CFTR activity of NuLi-1 cells. In both cell types, expression levels of CFTR were comparable to those in primary airway epithelia. Transepithelial resistance of NuLi-1 and CuFi-5 cells stabilized during maturation in ALI culture, with significantly lower transepithelial resistance for CuFi-5 than NuLi-1 cells. We also found that F508del CFTR negatively affects gap junction function in the airway. NuLi-1 and CuFi-5 cells express the connexins Cx43 and Cx26. While both connexins were properly trafficked by NuLi-1 cells, Cx43 was mistrafficked by CuFi-5 cells. Cx43 trafficking was rescued in CuFi-5 cells treated with 4-phenylbutyric acid (4-PBA), as assessed by intracellular dye transfer. 4-PBA-treated CuFi-5 cells also exhibited an increase in forskolin-induced CFTR-mediated currents. The Cx43 trafficking defect was confirmed using IB3-1 cells and found to be corrected by 4-PBA treatment. These data support the use of NuLi-1 and CuFi-5 cells to examine the effects of F508del CFTR expression on tight junction and gap junction function in the context of serous human airway cells. PMID:26115671
Rock Magnetic Properties of Laguna Carmen (Tierra del Fuego, Argentina): Implications for Paleomagnetic Reconstruction
NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)
Gogorza, C. G.; Orgeira, M. J.; Ponce, F.; Fern·ndez, M.; Laprida, C.; Coronato, A.
We report preliminary results obtained from a multi-proxy analysis including paleomagnetic and rock-magnetic studies of two sediment cores of Laguna Carmen (53∞40'60" S 68∞19'0" W, ~83m asl) in the semiarid steppe in northern Tierra del Fuego island, Southernmost Patagonia, Argentina. Two short cores (115 cm) were sampled using a Livingstone piston corer during the 2011 southern fall. Sediments are massive green clays (115 to 70 cm depth) with irregularly spaced thin sandy strata and lens. Massive yellow clay with thin sandy strata continues up to 30 cm depth; from here up to 10 cm yellow massive clays domain. The topmost 10 cm are mixed yellow and green clays with fine sand. Measurements of intensity and directions of Natural Remanent Magnetization (NRM), magnetic susceptibility, isothermal remanent magnetization, saturation isothermal remanent magnetization (SIRM), back field and anhysteretic remanent magnetization at 100 mT (ARM100mT) were performed and several associated parameters calculated (ARM100mT/k and SIRM/ ARM100mT). Also, as a first estimate of relative magnetic grain-size variations, the median destructive field of the NRM (MDFNRM), was determined. Additionally, we present results of magnetic parameters measured with vibrating sample magnetometer (VSM). The stability of the NRM was analyzed by alternating field demagnetization. The magnetic properties have shown variable values, showing changes in both grain size and concentration of magnetic minerals. It was found that the main carrier of remanence is magnetite with the presence of hematite in very low percentages. This is the first paleomagnetic study performed in lakes located in the northern, semiarid fuegian steppe, where humid-dry cycles have been interpreted all along the Holocene from an aeolian paleosoil sequence (Orgeira et el, 2012). Comparison between paleomagnetic records of Laguna Carmen and results obtained in earlier studies carried out at Laguna Potrok Aike (Gogorza et al., 2012) were performed. References Gogorza, C.S.G., Irurzun, M.A., Sinito, A.M., LisÈ-Pronovost, A., St-Onge, G., Haberzettl, T., Ohlendorf, C., Kastner, S., Zolitschka, B., 2012. High-resolution paleomagnetic records from Laguna Potrok Aike (Patagonia, Argentina) for the last 16,000 years. Geochemistry Geophysics Geosystems. 13, Q12Z37. Orgeira, M.J., V·squez, C.A., Coronato, A., Ponce, F., Moreto, A., Osterrieth, M, Egli, R., Onorato, R., 2012. Magnetic properties of Holocene edaphized silty eolian sediments from Tierra del Fuego (Argentina). Revista de la Sociedad GeolÛgica de EspaÒa. 25 (1-2), 45-56.
EJERCICIO Y LA DETECCION DEL MAL AGUDO DE MONTAÑA GRAVE
Garófoli, Adrián; Montoya, Paola; Elías, Carlos; Benzo, Roberto
El Mal Agudo de Montaña (MAM) es un conjunto de síntomas inespecíficos padecidos por sujetos que ascienden rápidamente desde baja a alta altura sin adecuada aclimatación. Usualmente es autolimitado, pero las formas graves (edema pulmonar y cerebral) pueden causar la muerte. La hipoxemia exagerada en reposo está relacionada con el desarrollo de MAM pero su valor predictivo es limitado. Dado que el ejercicio en altura se acompaña de mayor hipoxemia y síntomas, postulamos el valor predictivo de un simple test de ejercicio para pronosticar MAM grave. Se estudió el valor predictivo de la saturación de oxígeno en reposo y ejercicio submáximo a 2 700m y 4 300m en 63 sujetos que ascendían al cerro Aconcagua (6 962m). Se consideró desaturación de oxígeno con ejercicio a una disminución >=5% respecto al reposo. Se utilizó la escala de Lake-Louise para establecer la presencia de MAM grave. 6 sujetos presentaron MAM grave (9.5%) y requirieron evacuación. La saturación de oxígeno en reposo a 2 700m no fue significativa para clasificar sujetos que luego desarrollaron MAM grave. Por el contrario, la asociación de desaturación durante el ejercicio a 2 700m más la saturación inapropiada en reposo a 4 300m fue significativa para clasificar a los sujetos que desarrollaron MAM grave con un valor predictivo positivo de 80% y un valor predictivo negativo del 97%. Nuestros resultados son relevantes para el montañismo y sugieren la adición de un simple test de ejercicio en la predicción del MAM grave. PMID:20228017
EL PROTEOMA DEL TEJIDO ADIPOSO SUBCUTÁNEO MUESTRA HETEROGENEIDAD ANATÓMICA
Martos-Moreno, G.A.; Sackmann-Sala, L.; Berryman, D.E.; Blome, D.W.; Argente, J.; Kopchick, y J.J.
Introducción El tejido adiposo blanco (TAB) subcutáneo (Sc) humano podría variar dependiendo de su localización anatómica, con diferencias en su perfil proteómico. Pacientes y métodos Se obtuvieron aspirados de TAB-Sc de seis mujeres con IMC >25 kg/m2, sometidas a liposucción. Dicho TAB-Sc se obtuvo de seis localizaciones anatómicas: abdominal superior e inferior, muslo, dorsal, flanco y cadera, analizándose su perfil proteómico mediante electroforesis bidimensional. En muslo y abdomen superior se compararon, además, las muestras obtenidas de las dos capas del TAB-Sc (profunda y superficial). Resultados Se detectaron 21 proteínas que mostraban una intensidad de expresión diferente entre las seis localizaciones anatómicas y 14 entre las capas superficial y profunda de una misma región. Entre las proteínas identificadas se incluyen: vimentina (proteína estructural); proteínas "heat-shock" (HSPs), superóxido-dismutasa, (estrés/chaperoninas); proteína fijadora de ácidos grasos 4 (FABP-4) y alfa-enolasa (metabolismo lipídico y de los hidratos de carbono, respectivamente) y ATP-sintetasa (producción de energía). Entre las regiones estudiadas, el TAB-Sc dorsal mostraba un perfil proteómico particular, con menor expresión de proteínas implicadas en la producción de energía y metabolismo (ATP-sintetasa, alfa-enolasa, HSPs y FABP-4) que el resto de regiones. Conclusiones Los niveles de expresión de diversas proteínas en el TAB-Sc humano no son homogéneos, difiriendo entre localizaciones anatómicas. Esto sugiere la existencia de diferencias funcionales en el TAB-Sc de acuerdo con su localización anatómica, lo que debe considerarse antes de asumir la extrapolación de los datos derivados del TAB-Sc de una determinada localización al de otras partes de la anatomía. PMID:23228439
PREVENCIÓN DEL VIH/SIDA EN LOS CIRCUITOS DE LEVANTE HSH: UNA ASIGNATURA PENDIENTE1
Barreda, Victoria; Carballo-Dieguez, Alex; Marone, Rubén; Balán, Iván; Pando, María Ángeles; Ávila, María Mercedes
Resumen A partir de un relevamiento de tipo etnográfico, se describen lugares de encuentro de HSH en la Ciudad de Buenos Aires y sus prácticas sexuales. El reconocimiento de tales espacios, así como las características que asumen en ellos los encuentros sexuales entre los HSH, plantean obstáculos específicos en la adopción de comportamientos preventivos y, asimismo, generan nuevos desafíos para las actividades de prevención. Se plantean las dificultades y debates conceptuales que la misma categoría presenta, y sus consecuencias en el abordaje preventivo y teórico-metodológico para las ciencias sociales. Además, se proponen nuevos interrogantes acerca de los alcances y las limitaciones del modelo preventivo del VIH/Sida para HSH. PMID:21874154
Butyltin and PAH Contamination of Mar del Plata Port (Argentina) Sediments and Their Influence on Adjacent Coastal Regions.
Laitano, María V; Castro, Ítalo B; Costa, Patrícia G; Fillmann, G; Cledón, M
The distribution of butyltins (BTs) and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) were studied in surface sediments to assess how relevant is Mar del Plata port (Argentina) as a source of contamination to the surrounding environments. Within the port, TBT concentrations ranged from 24.2 to 150¬Ýng¬ÝSn¬Ýg(-1) and PAHs (Œ£16) from 180 to 17,094¬Ýng¬Ýg(-1). At the surrounding beaches, PAHs were detected at low concentrations and TBT concentrations reached 10.9¬Ýng¬ÝSn¬Ýg(-1). Although those low levels indicate that the Port might not be an important source of contamination to the surrounding beaches, the very low TOC content and the coarse grain size of the beaches sediments could explain the sedimentary levels. The results show a reduction in TBT levels in Mar del Plata port after national and international use restrictions of TBT-based antifouling paints. PMID:26310126
Argentinean adaptation of the Social Skills Inventory IHS-Del-Prette.
Olaz, Fabián Orlando; Medrano, Leonardo; Greco, María Eugenia; Del Prette, Zilda Aparecida Pereira
We present the results of the adaptation of the IHS-Del-Prette (Inventario de Habilidades Sociales, in English, Social Skills Inventory) to a sample of Argentinean college students. Firstly, we addressed the backward translation and carried out an equivalence study of the Portuguese and Spanish versions of the scale. The results showed the two versions were equivalent, as we obtained correlations lower than .50 in only 5 items. Secondly, we performed item analysis by calculating discrimination indexes and item-total correlations. Results indicated that the items are sensitive to differentiate between high and low social-skill groups. Exploratory factor analysis carried out with a sample of 602 college students yielded five factors that explained 26.5% of the total variance, although our data did not completely match the original factor structure. We also obtained moderate alpha values for the subscales, but high reliability for the total scale. Lastly, group differences between males and females are presented to provide evidence of validity. We discuss the implications of the results and present future lines of inquiry. PMID:19899676
Late Tertiary northwestward-vergent thrusting in Valle del Cauca, Colombian Andes
Alfonso, C.A.; Sacks, P.E.; Secor, D.T. Jr.; Cordoba, F.
The Valle del Cauca is a topographic basin situated between the Cordillera Central and the Cordillera Occidental in the Colombian Andes. The basement is Mesozoic mafic igneous rock of the Volcanic and Amaime Formations and clastic sediments and chert of the Espinal and Cisneros Formations. The basement was intruded by middle Cretaceous granodiorites (including the Batolito de Buga) and was deformed and metamorphosed to greenschist facies. The Mesozoic rocks originated in an oceanic setting and were accreted to northwestern South America during the Cretaceous or early Tertiary. Unconformably overlying the Mesozoic basement are the Eocene and Oligocene Vijes (marine limestone) and Guachinte and Cinta de Piedra (fluvial and deltaic sandstone and mudstone). In the Cordillera Central, the Cinta de Piedra is unconformably overlain by fanglomerate of the Miocene La Paila Formation. These clastics coarsen and thicken eastward. Geologic mapping and structural analyses show that the Mesozoic basement and its Tertiary cover are faulted and folded. Folds are asymmetric and overturned westward. Faults dip at shallow to moderate angles to the east and carry older sedimentary or basement rocks westward over younger rocks.
Estudio ab initio del mecanismo de la reacción HSO + O3
NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)
Nebot Gil, I.
La reacción entre el radical HSO y el ozono ha sido ampliamente estudiada desde el punto de vista experimental debido a la importancia que tiene el radical HSO en la oxidación de los compuestos de azufre reductores y a que puede contribuir a la producción de H2SO4 [1-4]. Se realizaron diversos estudios teóricos sobre la cinética de la reacción entre el radical HSO y el ozono. La reacción del HSO con el ozono presenta tres canales diferentes : HSO + O3 &rightarrow &HSO2 + O2 &rightarrow &HS + 2 O2 &rightarrow &SO + OH + O2 La controversia existente entre los grupos experimentales sobre cuál de las tres vías es la predominante, se ha resuelto mediante un estudio teórico de todas ellas utilizando métodos ab initio. La estructura de todos los reactivos, productos, intermedios y estados de transición ha sido optimizada a nivel ab initio utilizando los métodos UMP2 /6-31G** y QCISD/6-31G**.
Afebrile pneumonia (whooping cough) syndrome in infants at Hospital Universitario del Valle, Cali, 2001-2007
Villegas, Dolly; EchandÌa-Villegas, Connie Alejandra
Introduction: Afebrile pneumonia syndrome in infants, also called infant pneumonitis, pneumonia caused by atypical pathogens or whooping cough syndrome is a major cause of severe lower respiratory infection in young infants, both in developing countries and in developed countries. Objective: To describe children with afebrile pneumonia syndrome. Methods: Through a cross-sectional study, we reviewed the medical records of children diagnosed with afebrile pneumonia treated at Hospital Universitario del Valle, a reference center in southwestern Colombia, between June 2001 and December 2007. We obtained data on maternal age and origin, prenatal care, the childs birth, breastfeeding, vaccination status, symptoms, signs, diagnosis, treatment, and complications. Results: We evaluated 101 children with this entity, noting a stationary presentation: June-August and November- December. A total of 73% of the children were under 4 months of age; the most common symptoms were: cyanotic and spasmodic cough (100%), respiratory distress (70%), and unquantified fever (68%). The most common findings: rales (crackles) (50%), wheezing and expiratory stridor (37%); 66% were classified as mild and of the remaining 33%, half of them required attention in the intensive care unit. In all, there was clinical diagnosis of afebrile pneumonia syndrome in infants, but no etiologic diagnosis was made and despite this, 94% of the children received macrolides. Conclusions: These data support the hypothesis that most of these patients acquired the disease by airway, possibly caused by viral infection and did not require the indiscriminate use of macrolides. PMID:24893051
Explosive lithium production in the classical nova V339 Del (Nova Delphini 2013)
NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)
Tajitsu, Akito; Sadakane, Kozo; Naito, Hiroyuki; Arai, Akira; Aoki, Wako
The origin of lithium (Li) and its production process have long been uncertain. Li could be produced by Big Bang nucleosynthesis, interactions of energetic cosmic rays with interstellar matter, evolved low-mass stars, novae, and supernova explosions. Chemical evolution models and observed stellar Li abundances suggest that at least half the Li may have been produced in red giants, asymptotic giant branch (AGB) stars, and novae. No direct evidence, however, for the supply of Li from evolved stellar objects to the Galactic medium has hitherto been found. Here we report the detection of highly blue-shifted resonance lines of the singly ionized radioactive isotope of beryllium, 7Be, in the near-ultraviolet spectra of the classical nova V339 Del (Nova Delphini 2013) 38 to 48 days after the explosion. 7Be decays to form 7Li within a short time (half-life of 53.22 days). The 7Be was created during the nova explosion via the alpha-capture reaction 3He(?,?)7Be (ref. 5). This result supports the theoretical prediction that a significant amount of 7Li is produced in classical nova explosions.
Meteorological simulations of ozone episode case days during the 1996 Paso del Norte ozone study
Brown, M.J.; Costigan, K.; Muller, C.; Wang, G.
Meteorological simulations centered around the border cities of El Paso and Ciudad Juarez have been performed during an ozone episode that occurred on Aug. 13, 1996 during the 1996 Paso del Norte Ozone Study field campaign. Simulations were performed using the HOTMAC mesoscale meteorological model using a 1, 2, 4, and 8 km horizontal grid size nested mesh system. Investigation of the vertical structure and evolution of the atmospheric boundary layer for the Aug. 11--13 time period is emphasized in this paper. Comparison of model-produced wind speed profiles to rawinsonde and radar profiler measurements shows reasonable agreement. A persistent upper-level jet was captured in the model simulations through data assimilation. In the evening hours, the model was not able to produce the strong wind direction shear seen in the radar wind profiles. Based on virtual potential temperature profile comparisons, the model appears to correctly simulate the daytime growth of the convective mixed layer. However, the model underestimates the cooling of the surface layer at night. The authors found that the upper-level jet significantly impacted the turbulence structure of the boundary layer, leading to relatively high turbulent kinetic energy (tke) values aloft at night. The model indicates that these high tke values aloft enhance the mid-morning growth of the boundary layer. No upper-level turbulence measurements were available to verify this finding, however. Radar profiler-derived mixing heights do indicate relatively rapid morning growth of the mixed layer.
Block modeling of crustal deformation in Tierra del Fuego from GNSS velocities
NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)
Mendoza, L.; Richter, A.; Fritsche, M.; Hormaechea, J. L.; Perdomo, R.; Dietrich, R.
The Tierra del Fuego (TDF) main island is divided by a major transform boundary between the South America and Scotia tectonic plates. Using a block model, we infer slip rates, locking depths and inclinations of active faults in TDF from inversion of site velocities derived from Global Navigation Satellite System observations. We use interseismic velocities from 48 sites, obtained from field measurements spanning 20 years. Euler vectors consistent with a simple seismic cycle are estimated for each block. In addition, we introduce far-field information into the modeling by applying constraints on Euler vectors of major tectonic plates. The difference between model and observed surface deformation near the Magallanes Fagnano Fault System (MFS) is reduced by considering finite dip in the forward model. For this tectonic boundary global plate circuits models predict relative movements between 7 and 9 mm yr- 1, while our regional model indicates that a strike-slip rate of 5.9 ± 0.2 mm yr- 1 is accommodated across the MFS. Our results indicate faults dipping 66- 4+ 6° southward, locked to a depth of 11- 5+ 5 km, which are consistent with geological models for the MFS. However, normal slip also dominates the fault perpendicular motion throughout the eastern MFS, with a maximum rate along the Fagnano Lake.
Sensitivity Modeling Study for an Ozone Occurrence during the 1996 Paso Del Norte Ozone Campaign
Lu, Duanjun; Reddy, Remata S.; Fitzgerald, Rosa; Stockwell, William R.; Williams, Quinton L.; Tchounwou, Paul B.
Surface ozone pollution has been a persistent environmental problem in the US and Europe as well as the developing countries. A key prerequisite to find effective alternatives to meeting an ozone air quality standard is to understand the importance of local anthropogenic emissions, the significance of biogenic emissions, and the contribution of long-range transport. In this study, an air quality modeling system that includes chemistry and transport, CMAQ, an emission processing model, SMOKE, and a mesoscale numerical meteorological model, WRF, has been applied to investigate an ozone event occurring during the period of the 1996 Paso del Norte Ozone Campaign. The results show that the modeling system exhibits the capability to simulate this high ozone occurrence by providing a comparable temporal variation of surface ozone concentration at one station and to capture the spatial evolution of the event. Several sensitivity tests were also conducted to identify the contributions to high surface ozone concentration from eight VOC subspecies, biogenic VOCs, anthropogenic VOCs and long-range transportation of ozone and its precursors. It is found that the reductions of ETH, ISOP, PAR, OLE and FORM help to mitigate the surface ozone concentration, and like anthropogenic VOCs, biogenic VOC plays a nonnegligible role in ozone formation. But for this case, long-range transport of ozone and its precursors appears to produce an insignificant contribution. PMID:19190351
Sensitivity modeling study for an ozone occurrence during the 1996 Paso Del Norte Ozone Campaign.
Lu, Duanjun; Reddy, Remata S; Fitzgerald, Rosa; Stockwell, William R; Williams, Quinton L; Tchounwou, Paul B
Surface ozone pollution has been a persistent environmental problem in the US and Europe as well as the developing countries. A key prerequisite to find effective alternatives to meeting an ozone air quality standard is to understand the importance of local anthropogenic emissions, the significance of biogenic emissions, and the contribution of long-range transport. In this study, an air quality modeling system that includes chemistry and transport, CMAQ, an emission processing model, SMOKE, and a mesoscale numerical meteorological model, WRF, has been applied to investigate an ozone event occurring during the period of the 1996 Paso del Norte Ozone Campaign. The results show that the modeling system exhibits the capability to simulate this high ozone occurrence by providing a comparable temporal variation of surface ozone concentration at one station and to capture the spatial evolution of the event. Several sensitivity tests were also conducted to identify the contributions to high surface ozone concentration from eight VOC subspecies, biogenic VOCs, anthropogenic VOCs and long-range transportation of ozone and its precursors. It is found that the reductions of ETH, ISOP, PAR, OLE and FORM help to mitigate the surface ozone concentration, and like anthropogenic VOCs, biogenic VOC plays a nonnegligible role in ozone formation. But for this case, long-range transport of ozone and its precursors appears to produce an insignificant contribution. PMID:19190351
Structure of the Pliocene Camp dels Ninots maar-diatreme (Catalan Volcanic Zone, NE Spain)
NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)
Oms, O.; Bolós, X.; Barde-Cabusson, S.; Martí, J.; Casas, A.; Lovera, R.; Himi, M.; Gómez de Soler, B.; Campeny Vall-Llosera, G.; Pedrazzi, D.; Agustí, J.
Maar volcanoes expose shallower or deeper levels of their internal structure as a function of the degree of erosion. In El Camp dels Ninots maar-diatreme (Catalan Volcanic Zone, Spain), the tephra ring has been largely eroded, and the remaining volcanic deposits infilling the diatreme are hidden under a lacustrine sedimentary infill of the crater. The volcano shows hardly any exposure, so its study needs the application of direct (e.g., boreholes) and indirect (shallow geophysics) subsurface exploration techniques. Additionally, this maar-diatreme was built astride two different substrates (i.e., mixed setting) as a result of its location in a normal fault separating Neogene sediments from Paleozoic granites. In order to characterize the internal structure and post-eruption stratigraphy of the maar-diatreme, we did geological studies (mapping, continuous core logging, and description of the tephra ring outcrops) and near-surface geophysics, including nine transects of electric resistivity tomography and a gravity survey. Results show that the deeper part of the diatreme is excavated into granites and is relatively steep and symmetrical. The uppermost diatreme is asymmetrical because of mechanical contrast between granites and Pliocene sands. The maar crater contained a lake permanently isolated from the surrounding relief and was deep enough to host anoxic bottom waters while its margins had shallower waters. These lake conditions preserved the remarkable Pliocene fossil record found in the lacustrine sediments.
Using DelPhi capabilities to mimic conformational reorganization with amino acid specific dielectric constants
NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)
Wang, Lin; Sarhar, Subhra; Rocchia, Walter; Alexov, Emil
Many molecular events are associated with small or large conformational changes occurring in the corresponding proteins. Modeling such changes is a challenge and requires significant amount of computing time. From point of view of electrostatics, these changes can be viewed as a reorganization of local charges and dipoles in response to the changes of the electrostatic field, if the cause is insertion or deletion of a charged amino acid. Here we report a large scale investigation of modeling the changes of the folding energy due to single mutations involving charge group. This allows the changes of the folding energy to be considered mostly electrostatic in origin and to be calculated with DelPhi assigning residue-specific value of the internal dielectric constant of protein in the range from 2 to 20. The predicted energy changes are benchmarked against experimentally measured changes of the folding energy on a set of 300 single mutations. The best fit between experimental values and predicted changes is used to find out the effective value of the internal dielectric constant for each type of amino acid. The work was supported by a grant from NIGMS, NIH, grant number 1R01GM093937-01.
The Influence of Photolysis Rate Constants in Ozone Production for the Paso del Norte Region
NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)
Becerra, Fernando; Fitzgerald, Rosa
In this research work we are focusing on understanding the relationship between photolysis rates and the photochemical ozone changes observed in the Paso del Norte region. The city of El Paso, Texas together with Ciudad Juarez, Mexico, forms the largest contiguous bi-national metropolitan area. This region suffers year-round ozone pollution events, and a better understanding is needed to mitigate them. Previous studies have found that ambient ozone concentrations tend to be higher on weekends rather than on weekdays, this phenomenon being referred to, as the ``weekend effect.'' If the ozone standard is exceeded more frequently on weekends, then this phenomenon must be considered in the design of ozone control strategies. In this work we investigate some of the most representative weekend ozone episodes at El Paso, TX, during the years 2009, 2010 and 2011 using the ozone photolysis rates. In this research the TUV radiative-transfer model is used to calculate the local photolysis rates and a UV MFRSR instrument is used to obtain experimental parameters. Seasonal variations and the weekday-weekend effect is studied. The results of this research will help to understand the underlying behavior of the photolysis rate constants when different atmospheric conditions are present.
Meteorological Simulations of Ozone Episode Case Days during the 1996 Paso del Norte Ozone Study
Brown, M.J.; Costigan, K.; Muller, C.; Wang, G.
Meteorological simulations centered around the border cities of El Paso and Ciudad Juarez have been performed during an ozone episode that occurred on Aug. 13,1996 during the 1996 Paso del Norte Ozone Study field campaign. Simulations were petiormed using the HOTMAC mesoscale meteorological model using a 1,2,4, and 8 km horizontal grid size nested mesh system. Investigation of the vertical structure and evolution of the atmospheric boundary layer for the Aug. 11-13 time period is emphasized in this paper. Comparison of model-produced wind speed profiles to rawirisonde and radar profiler measurements shows reasonable agreement. A persistent upper-level jet was captured in the model simulations through data assimilation. In the evening hours, the model was not able to produce the strong wind direction shear seen in the radar wind profiles. Based on virtual potential temperature profile comparisons, the model appears to correctly simulate the daytime growth of the convective mixed layer. However, the model underestimates the cooling of the surface layer at night. We found that the upper-level jet significantly impacted the turbulence structure of the boundary layer, leading to relatively high turbulent kinetic energy (tke) values aloft at night. The model indicates that these high tke values aloft enhance the mid-morning growth of the boundary layer. No upper-level turbulence measurements were available to verify this finding, however. Radar profiler-derived mixing heights do indicate relatively rapid morning growth of the mixed layer.
Characterization of Triatoma guasayana biotopes in a hardwood forest of Santiago del Estero, Argentina.
Vezzani, D; Schweigmann, N J; Pietrokovsky, S M; Wisnivesky-Colli, C
Triatoma guasayana is a silvatic triatomine species distributed in Argentina, Bolivia and Paraguay. The study was performed in a secondary forest of Santiago del Estero, Argentina. The abundance of T. guasayana was evaluated by census in the following wild biotopes: quimiles (Opuntia quimilo), chaguares (dry bromeliads), logs and underground burrows. Ten biotopes of each type were dismantled in winter (August) and another 40 in summer (January); all fauna was recorded. The biotopes most infested by T. guasayana were quimiles (65%), followed by chaguares (55%), and logs (25%). Quimiles and chaguares were infested in both seasons, whereas logs were positive only in summer and burrows were never infested. Infestation and abundance were higher in summer than in winter. The biotope structure is a key factor for T. guasayana colonization. The larger number of refuges, the constant presence of blood sources and suitable inner microclimatic conditions offered by quimiles may favour the persistence of T. guasayana colonies. The richness of invertebrate fauna per type of biotope was ranked in the same order as that of T. guasayana, suggesting similar microhabitat requirements for all studied arthropods. PMID:11391416
Selection of time-variant features for earthquake classification at the Nevado-del-Ruiz volcano
NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)
Cárdenas-Peña, David; Orozco-Alzate, Mauricio; Castellanos-Dominguez, German
Seismic event recognition is an important task for hazard assessment, eruption prediction and risk mitigation, since it can be used to determine the state of a volcano. Usually, expert technicians read features extracted from the seismogram, such as, cepstral derived coefficients, energy centroids, instant frequency, instant envelop, among others. However, there are few studies about the selection of important features for classifying several types of seismic events, i.e., taking into account the temporal contribution of each considered feature. This paper presents a feature selection strategy based on a relevance measure of time-variant features for seismic event classification. In this research, features are selected as those with the maximal information preserved within the time analysis. Since features selection stage is performed by incremental training, a simple k-nearest neighbor classification rule is used to properly determine the dimension of the final feature set. The employed feature extraction and feature selection methodologies are tested on an isolated event recognition task. The database used to test the methodology is composed of the following classes: volcano-tectonic, long period earthquakes, tremors and hybrid events. Data was recorded at the seismic monitoring stations located at the Nevado-del-Ruiz volcano, Colombia. Using a classifier based on hidden Markov models, accomplished results exhibit a performance improvement from 78% to 88% using the proposed methodology in comparison to the state-of-the-art feature sets.
RNA editing by T7 RNA polymerase bypasses InDel mutations causing unexpected phenotypic changes
Wons, Ewa; Furmanek-Blaszk, Beata; Sektas, Marian
DNA-dependent T7 RNA polymerase (T7 RNAP) is the most powerful tool for both gene expression and in vitro transcription. By using a Next Generation Sequencing (NGS) approach we have analyzed the polymorphism of a T7 RNAP-generated mRNA pool of the mboIIM2 gene. We find that the enzyme displays a relatively high level of template-dependent transcriptional infidelity. The nucleotide misincorporations and multiple insertions in A/T-rich tracts of homopolymers in mRNA (0.20 and 0.089%, respectively) cause epigenetic effects with significant impact on gene expression that is disproportionally high to their frequency of appearance. The sequence-dependent rescue of single and even double InDel frameshifting mutants and wild-type phenotype recovery is observed as a result. As a consequence, a heterogeneous pool of functional and non-functional proteins of almost the same molecular mass is produced where the proteins are indistinguishable from each other upon ordinary analysis. We suggest that transcriptional infidelity as a general feature of the most effective RNAPs may serve to repair and/or modify a protein function, thus increasing the repertoire of phenotypic variants, which in turn has a high evolutionary potential. PMID:25824942
Albright hereditary osteodystrophy and del(2)(q37.3) in four unrelated individuals
Phelan, M.C.; Rogers, R.C.; Clarkson, K.B.
Albright hereditary osteodystrophy (AHO) is a condition with characteristic physical findings (short stature, obesity, round face, brachydactyly) but variable biochemical changes (pseudohypoparathyroidism, pseudopseudohypoparathyroidism). Most patients with AHO have decreased activity of the guanine nucleotide-binding protein (G{sub s} protein) that stimulates adenylyl cyclase. The gene encoding the a subunit of the G{sub s} protein (GNAS1) has been mapped to the long arm of chromosome 20. We describe 4 unrelated individuals with apparent AHO, associated with small terminal deletions of chromosome 2. All 4 patients had normal serum calcium levels consistent with pseudopseudohypoparathyroidism. Del(2)(q37) is the first consistent karyotypic abnormality that has been documented in AHO. The finding of the same small terminal deletion in 4 unrelated individuals with a similar phenotype suggests that a gene locus in the 2q37 region is important in the pathogenesis of Albright syndrome. The association of Albright syndrome and the GNAS1 locus on chromosome 20 is well documented. The observation of a second potential disease locus on chromosome 2 may help explain the heterogeneity observed in this disorder. 44 refs., 7 figs.
RNA editing by T7 RNA polymerase bypasses InDel mutations causing unexpected phenotypic changes.
Wons, Ewa; Furmanek-Blaszk, Beata; Sektas, Marian
DNA-dependent T7 RNA polymerase (T7 RNAP) is the most powerful tool for both gene expression and in vitro transcription. By using a Next Generation Sequencing (NGS) approach we have analyzed the polymorphism of a T7 RNAP-generated mRNA pool of the mboIIM2 gene. We find that the enzyme displays a relatively high level of template-dependent transcriptional infidelity. The nucleotide misincorporations and multiple insertions in A/T-rich tracts of homopolymers in mRNA (0.20 and 0.089%, respectively) cause epigenetic effects with significant impact on gene expression that is disproportionally high to their frequency of appearance. The sequence-dependent rescue of single and even double InDel frameshifting mutants and wild-type phenotype recovery is observed as a result. As a consequence, a heterogeneous pool of functional and non-functional proteins of almost the same molecular mass is produced where the proteins are indistinguishable from each other upon ordinary analysis. We suggest that transcriptional infidelity as a general feature of the most effective RNAPs may serve to repair and/or modify a protein function, thus increasing the repertoire of phenotypic variants, which in turn has a high evolutionary potential. PMID:25824942
Study of the Local Horizon. (Spanish Title: Estudio del Horizonte Local.) Estudo do Horizonte Local
NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)
Ros, Rosa M.
The study of the horizon is fundamental to easy the first observations of the students at any education center. A simple model, to be developed in each center, allows to easy the study and comprehension of the rudiments of astronomy. The constructed model is presented in turn as a simple equatorial clock, other models (horizontal and vertical) may be constructed starting from it. El estudio del horizonte es fundamental para poder facilitar las primeras observaciones de los alumnos en un centro educativo. Un simple modelo, que debe realizarse para cada centro, nos permite facilitar el estudio y la comprensiÛn de los primeros rudimentos astronÛmicos. El modelo construido se presenta a su vez como un sencillo modelo de reloj ecuatorial y a partir de Èl se pueden construir otros modelos (horizontal y vertical). O estudo do horizonte È fundamental para facilitar as primeiras observaÁıes dos alunos num centro educativo. Um modelo simples, que deve ser feito para cada centro, permite facilitar o estudo e a compreens"o dos primeiros rudimentos astronÙmicos. O modelo construÌdo apresenta-se, por sua vez, como um modelo simples de relÛgio equatorial e a partir dele pode-se construir outros modelos (horizontal e vertical)
Structure and chemical composition of the envelope of Nova V339 del in the nebular phase
NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)
Tarasova, T. N.; Skopal, A.
Based on our spectrophotometric observations, we have investigated the envelope of Nova V339 Del in the nebular phase. Our modeling of the H α line profiles and their comparison with the observed profiles have shown that the Nova envelope consists of circumpolar ejecta and a disk-shaped central component. The inclination of the orbital plane of the binary system, 65°, has been determined in the same way. We have estimated the mean electron density to be ~106 cm-3. Our estimates of the abundances of some chemical elements in the Nova envelope have shown that the concentrations of helium, neon, and iron are nearly solar, while the concentrations of nitrogen and oxygen exceed the solar ones by a factor of 120 ± 60 and 8 ± 1.6, respectively. The mass of the emission envelope in the nebular phase (from 253 to 382 days after the brightness maximum) has been estimated to be ~7 × 10-5 M ⊙.
Isolation and assessment of phytate-hydrolysing bacteria from the DelMarVa Peninsula.
Hill, Jane E; Kysela, David; Elimelech, Menachem
The Delaware-Maryland-Virginia (DelMarVa) Peninsula, flanking one side of the Chesapeake Bay, is home to a substantial broiler chicken industry. As such, it produces a significant amount of manure that is typically composted and spread onto local croplands as a fertilizer. Phytate (myo inositol hexakisphosphate), the major form of organic phosphorus in the manure, can be hydrolysed by microorganisms to produce orthophosphate. Orthophosphate is a eutrophication agent which can lead to algal blooms, hypoxia and fish kills in the Chesapeake Bay and its tributaries. This transect study reveals a subpopulation of heterotrophic, thiosulfate-utilizing bacteria that can degrade phytate within the watershed as well as its receiving water sediment. Aerobic isolates were typical soil bacteria, e.g. Pseudomonad, Bacillus and Arthrobacter species, as well as a less common Staphylococcus inhabitant. Bacillus pumilus, Staphyloccocus equorum, Arthrobacter bergei and Pseudomonas marginalis strains have not been previously described as phytate-degrading. Each site along the transect - from manure pile to receiving sediment - was host to a population of bacteria that can degrade phytate and hence, each is a possible non-point source of orthophosphate pollution. Each new isolate could provide an enzyme additive for monogastric feed, thus reducing the impact of excessive phytate load on the environment. PMID:17991037
Are pesticide residues associated to rice production affecting oyster production in Delta del Ebro, NE Spain?
Ochoa, Victoria; Riva, Carmen; Faria, Melissa; K√∂ck-Schulmeyer, Marianne; de Alda, Miren L√≥pez; Barcel√≥, Dami√Ý; Fernandez Tejedor, Margarita; Roque, Ana; Ginebreda, Antoni; Barata, Carlos
Pesticide usage in Delta del Ebro (NE Spain) during the rice growing season has been associated with oyster episodes of mortality that occur early in summer. However, there are no studies that have directly evaluated pesticide levels and effects in oysters (Crassotrea gigas) cultured in Ebro's Bays. In this study pesticide levels in water, metal body burdens and up to 12 different biochemical markers were monitored in gills and digestive glands of oysters transplanted from May to June in 2008 and 2009. Biochemical responses evidenced clear differences in oysters from 2008 and 2009. Oysters transplanted in 2009 showed their antioxidant defenses unaffected from May to June and consequently increased levels of tissue damage measured as lipid peroxidation and DNA strand breaks and of mortality rates. Conversely oysters transplanted in 2008 increase their antioxidant defenses from May to June, had low levels of lipid peroxidation and DNA damage and low mortality rates. Some pesticides in water such as bentazone and propanil together with high temperatures and salinity levels were related with tissue damage in oyster transplanted in 2008 but the observed large differences between years indicate that abiotic factors alone could not explain the high mortalities observed in 2009. An analysis of recent reported studies pointed out in the direction that in addition to abiotic factors the use of oysters sensitive to diseases may explain the observed responses. PMID:22940045
Fracture Characteristics in a Disposal Pit on Mesita del Buey, Los Alamos National Laboratory
David T. Vaniman; Steven L. Reneau
The characteristics of fractures in unit 2 of the Tshirege Member of the Bandelier Tuff were documented in Pit 39, a newly excavated 13.7 m deep disposal pit at Material Disposal Area G on Mesita del Buey. The average spacing between fractures is about 1.0 to 1.3 m, the average fracture aperture is about 3 to 5 mm, and the average fracture dip is about 76o to 77o. Fracture spacing and dip in Pit 39 are generally consistent with that reported from other fracture studies on the Pajarito Plateau, although the fracture apertures in Pit 39 are less than reported elsewhere. Measured fracture orientations are strongly affected by biases imparted by the orientations of the pit walls, which, combined with a small data set, make identification of potential preferred orientations dlfflcult. The most prominent fracture orientations observed in Pit 39, about E-W and N20E, are often not well represented elsewhere on the Pajarito Plateau. Fracture fills contain smectite to about 3 m depth, and calcite and opal may occur at all depths, principally associated with roots or root fossils (rhizoliths). Roots of pifion pine extend in fractures to the bottom of the pit along the north side, perhaps indicating a zone of preferred infiltration of water. Finely powdered tuff with clay-sized particles occurs within a number of fractures and may record abrasive disaggregation associated with small amounts of displacement on minor local faults.
Paleoseismic observations of an onshore transform boundary: The Magallanes-Fagnano fault, Tierra del Fuego, Argentina
Costa, C.H.; Smalley, R., Jr.; Schwartz, D.P.; Stenner, H.D.; Ellis, M.; Ahumada, E.A.; Velasco, M.S.
We present preliminary information on the geomorphologic features and paleoseismic record associated with the ruptures of two Ms 7.8 earthquakes that struck Tierra del Fuego and the southernmost continental margin of South America on December 17, 1949. The fault scarp was surveyed in several places cast of Lago Fagnano and a trench across a secondary fault trace of the Magallanes-Fagnano fault was excavated at the Ri??o San Pablo. The observed deformation in a 9 kyr-old peat bog sequence suggests evidence for two, and possibly three pre-1949 paleoearthquakes is preserved in the stratigraphy. The scarp reaches heights up to 11 m in late Pleistocene-Holocence(?) deposits, but the vertical component of the 1949 events was always less than ???1 m. This observation also argues for the occurrence of previous events during the Quaternary. Along die part of the fault we investigated east of Lago Fagnano, the horizontal component of the 1949 rupture does not exceed 4 m and is likely lower than 0.4 m, which is consistent with the kinematics of a local releasing bend, or at the end of a strike-slip rupture zone. ?? 2006 Revista de la Asociacio??n Geolo??gica Argentina.
Spectral characteristics of volcano-tectonic earthquake swarms in Nevado del Ruiz Volcano, Colombia
NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)
Londono, John M.; Sudo, Yasuaki
Spectral analyses for volcano-tectonic earthquakes were carried out at Nevado del Ruiz Volcano (NRV) for the period 1985-1996 for several earthquake swarms around the volcano, named North, East, West, South and Crater swarm zones. Important spectral peaks for each earthquake swarm zone were found by counting the number of spectra that had the same spectral peaks. Each swarm zone showed some characteristic peaks, which could help to differentiate between them; however, the most important peaks were similar for all the zones. These results suggest that the earthquake swarms at NRV were influenced directly by the source (activity of the volcano) and could also be influenced by the site effect. Some temporal changes were observed in spectral parameters such as a change in the frequency contents in almost all the swarm zones, and the frequency of the P-waves in the West earthquake swarm zone. Before the eruptions on November 13, 1985 and September 1, 1989, P-waves showed low frequencies (1-2 Hz) at the West earthquake swarm. After the eruptions, the frequencies of P increased (2-4 Hz). This fact showed that changes (decreasing of frequencies) in the spectra of P-waves at the West earthquake swarm could help in the monitoring of volcanic activity at NRV. This swarm zone seems to be related directly with the most important volcanic crises that have occurred. This suggests that the West swarm zone should be monitored in more detail in the future.
Explosive lithium production in the classical nova V339 Del (Nova Delphini 2013).
Tajitsu, Akito; Sadakane, Kozo; Naito, Hiroyuki; Arai, Akira; Aoki, Wako
The origin of lithium (Li) and its production process have long been uncertain. Li could be produced by Big Bang nucleosynthesis, interactions of energetic cosmic rays with interstellar matter, evolved low-mass stars, novae, and supernova explosions. Chemical evolution models and observed stellar Li abundances suggest that at least half the Li may have been produced in red giants, asymptotic giant branch (AGB) stars, and novae. No direct evidence, however, for the supply of Li from evolved stellar objects to the Galactic medium has hitherto been found. Here we report the detection of highly blue-shifted resonance lines of the singly ionized radioactive isotope of beryllium, (7)Be, in the near-ultraviolet spectra of the classical nova V339¬ÝDel (Nova Delphini 2013) 38 to 48¬Ýdays after the explosion. (7)Be decays to form (7)Li within a short time (half-life of 53.22¬Ýdays). The (7)Be was created during the nova explosion via the alpha-capture reaction (3)He(Œ±,Œ≥)(7)Be (ref. 5). This result supports the theoretical prediction that a significant amount of (7)Li is produced in classical nova explosions. PMID:25693569
Baseline trace metals in gastropod mollusks from the Beagle Channel, Tierra del Fuego (Patagonia, Argentina).
Conti, Marcelo Enrique; Stripeikis, Jorge; Finoia, Maria Grazia; Tudino, Mabel Beatriz
With the aim to evaluate the mollusk Nacella (P)magellanica as biomonitor of elemental pollution in seawater of the Beagle Channel, more than one hundred individuals of the gastropod were sampled, separated in viscera and muscle, and then examined with respect to the accumulation of Cd, Cr, Cu, Ni, Pb and Zn. Collection was performed in seven strategic locations along 170 km of the coastal area of the Beagle Channel (Tierra del Fuego, Argentina) in two campaigns during 2005 and 2007. Samples of surrounding seawater in the different sites were obtained and tested for the same metals as well. The accumulation capacity of Nacella (P)magellanica and thus its aptitude as biomonitor, was evaluated through the calculus of the preconcentration factors of the metals assayed. A discussion involving the comparison with other mollusks previously tested will be given. Several statistical approaches able to analyze data with environmental purposes were applied. Non parametric univariate tests such as Kruskal-Wallis and Mann-Whitney were carried out to assess the changes of the metal concentrations with time (2005 and 2007) in each location. Multivariate methods (linear discriminant analysis on PCA factors) were also applied to obtain a more reliable site classification. Johnson's probabilistic method was carried out for comparison between different geographical areas. The possibility of employing these results as heavy metals' background levels of seawater from the Beagle Channel will be debated. PMID:22350107
DISYUNTIVAS EN LAS CONCEPCIONES SOBRE AUTONOMÍA Y BENEFICENCIA QUE AFECTAN LA TERAPÉUTICA DEL INTENTO SUICIDA1
Mondragón, Liliana; Monroy, Zuraya; Ito, Ma. Emily; Medina-Mora, Dra. Ma. Elena
El objetivo del trabajo es conocer las disyuntivas entre los principios de beneficencia y autonomía, que se presentan en la relación médico-paciente, durante la terapéutica del intento de suicidio. La investigación se realizó en dos hospitales psiquiátricos de la Ciudad de México. La muestra incluyó a tres sujetos con intento de suicidio, mayores de 18 años, que eran atendidos en consulta externa a causa de una lesión autoinfligida en el último año, y a tres psiquiatras que trataban a estos pacientes. La información se obtuvo previo consentimiento informado en entrevistas individuales. Se llevó a cabo un análisis de discurso argumentado para encontrar los significados que los participantes otorgaron a los principios bioéticos y las posibles disyuntivas entre éstos. Las discordancias entre la beneficencia y la autonomía estuvieron relacionadas con el beneficio del tratamiento, el respeto por los valores y las creencias de los pacientes, entre otros. Este trabajo presenta consideraciones éticas relevantes en el escenario clínico, al ofrecer al psiquiatra un análisis bioético que le permita actuar de acuerdo con la beneficencia y respetando la autonomía del paciente frente a casos de intento de suicidio y, de esta forma procurar una mejor atención para ellos. PMID:20830214
Inventario mundial de la calidad del carbon mineral (WoCQI) [The world coal quality inventory (WoCQI)
Finkelman, R.B.; Lovern, V.S.
Los oficiales encargados de la politica comercial de cada pais requieren informacion clara y precisa sobre el recurso del carbon mineral, particularmente sobre sus propiedades y caracteristicas, para tomar decisiones bien fundamentadas con respecto al mejor uso de los recursos naturales, necesidades de importacion y oportunidades de exportacion, objetivos de politica interna y externa, oportunidades de transferencia tecnologica, posibilidades de inversion externa, estudios ambientales y de salud, y asuntos relacionados con el uso de productos secundarios y su disposicion.
[Spirocamallanus hilarii (Nematoda, Camallanidae) fresh water fishes parasite from the dam of Termas de RÌo Hondo, Santiago del Estero, Argentina].
Ramallo, G
Spirocamallanus hilarii (Nematoda, Camallanidae) is cited parasitizing five fresh water fish species: Salminus maxillosus Leporinus obtusidens, Hoplias malabaricus malabaricus, Oligosarcus jenynsii and Pimelodus albicans, captured in Termas de RÌo Hondo pond, province of Santiago del Estero, Argentina. Morphologic and morphometric parasitological studies were done. The specimens described were drawned and photographed. In addition, the following parasitic infection indexes were calculated: Prevalence 26.5%, Mean 6.6 and Maximum Intensity 27. PMID:9640682
Short- and long-term benefits of lenalidomide treatment in patients with lower-risk del(5q) myelodysplastic syndromes
Komrokji, R. S.; List, A. F.
The treatment of patients with myelodysplastic syndromes (MDS) begins with assessment of karyotype and risk. Lenalidomide is approved for the treatment of patients who have transfusion-dependent anemia due to lower-risk MDS with chromosome 5q deletion (del(5q)) with or without additional cytogenetic abnormalities, and isolated del(5q) only in the European Union. Mounting evidence suggests that lenalidomide is effective not only in reducing red blood cell (RBC) transfusion burden, but also in modifying the disease natural history by suppressing the malignant clone. Data discussed here from the pivotal phase 2 (MDS-003) and phase 3 (MDS-004) studies of lenalidomide demonstrate that lenalidomide treatment was associated with both short- and long-term benefits. These clinical benefits included high rates of RBC-transfusion independence (TI) with prolonged durations of response, high rates of cytogenetic response (CyR) associated with achievement of durable RBC-TI, no significant difference in rates of progression to acute myeloid leukemia (AML), and improvements in health-related quality of life (HRQOL). Achievement of RBC-TI and CyR with lenalidomide treatment was associated with extended survival and time to AML progression. Achievement of RBC-TI and hemoglobin response was additionally associated with HRQOL benefits. Recent data describing the impact of TP53 mutations and p53 expression on the prognosis of patients with del(5q) and the impact on response to lenalidomide are also discussed. The authors provide practical recommendations for the use of lenalidomide in patients with lower-risk del(5q) MDS. PMID:26504152
El Informe a la Nación sobre el Estado del Cáncer, 1975-2012
El Informe a la Nación sobre el Estado del Cáncer (1975-2012) indica que continuó la baja de tasas de mortalidad de todos los cánceres juntos, así como de la mayoría de los cánceres en hombres y mujeres de todos los grupos raciales y étnicos principales.
Terminal deletion of the long arm of chromosome 3 [46,XX,del(3)(q27{r_arrow}qter)
Chitayat, D.; Babul, R.; Silver, M.M.
We report on a terminal deletion of the long arm of chromosome 3[46,XX,del(3)(q27{r_arrow}qter)] in a female newborn infant who died 45 hours after delivery and had multiple congenital abnormalities including bilateral anophthalmia, congenital heart disease, and abnormal genitalia. The findings are compared to those of four previously reported cases with terminal de (3q). 8 refs., 4 figs., 1 tab.
Short- and long-term benefits of lenalidomide treatment in patients with lower-risk del(5q) myelodysplastic syndromes.
Komrokji, R S; List, A F
The treatment of patients with myelodysplastic syndromes (MDS) begins with assessment of karyotype and risk. Lenalidomide is approved for the treatment of patients who have transfusion-dependent anemia due to lower-risk MDS with chromosome 5q deletion (del(5q)) with or without additional cytogenetic abnormalities, and isolated del(5q) only in the European Union. Mounting evidence suggests that lenalidomide is effective not only in reducing red blood cell (RBC) transfusion burden, but also in modifying the disease natural history by suppressing the malignant clone. Data discussed here from the pivotal phase 2 (MDS-003) and phase 3 (MDS-004) studies of lenalidomide demonstrate that lenalidomide treatment was associated with both short- and long-term benefits. These clinical benefits included high rates of RBC-transfusion independence (TI) with prolonged durations of response, high rates of cytogenetic response (CyR) associated with achievement of durable RBC-TI, no significant difference in rates of progression to acute myeloid leukemia (AML), and improvements in health-related quality of life (HRQOL). Achievement of RBC-TI and CyR with lenalidomide treatment was associated with extended survival and time to AML progression. Achievement of RBC-TI and hemoglobin response was additionally associated with HRQOL benefits. Recent data describing the impact of TP53 mutations and p53 expression on the prognosis of patients with del(5q) and the impact on response to lenalidomide are also discussed. The authors provide practical recommendations for the use of lenalidomide in patients with lower-risk del(5q) MDS. PMID:26504152
Ephemeral skin-flows on talus affected by permafrost degradation (Corral del Veleta, Spain)
NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)
Tanarro, L. M.; Palacios, D.; Zamorano, J. J.; Gómez, A.
In mountain environments, talus formed at the foot of valley sides are frequently affected by hillslope processes, such as skin-flows. The main characteristic of this type of flow is that it only causes the movement of a thin layer of soil, regolith or debris over an inclined plane parallel to the topographical surface of the talus. Some examples of this movement have already been described (Rapp, 1960; Akerman; 1984; White, 1981, Benedict, 1970; Jahn, 1967; Söderman, 1980; Lewkowicz, 1988, Harris, 1987). The causes of the formation of these movements vary, but in general they have been linked primarily with rapid snow melt and/or with degraded permafrost levels (Jahn, 1967; Nyberg, 1991; Rapp and Nyberg, 1988; Strömquist, 1985; Hall, 1985; Thorn, 1988; McRoberts and Morgenstern, 1974, Caine, 1976). Within this context, the aims of this paper are: first, to present and describe the characteristics and temporal and geomorphological evolution of a series of skin-flows which have occurred on the talus which lies at the foot of the Corral del Veleta glacial cirque, and second, to analyze the factors that appear to have triggered them. The Pico del Veleta mountain (3398 m a.s.l.) is one of the main summits in the Sierra Nevada Massif, a group of mountains forming part of the Cordilleras Béticas, in SE Spain (37°03´N, 3°22´W). The Corral del Veleta is a glacial cirque on the northeastern face of the Pico del Veleta, c. 600 m long in a NW-SE direction, with a head is formed by a steep wall which falls more than 250 meters to meet with a wide and irregular talus. The cirque headwall is composed of metamorphic rocks (mainly micaschist), lined up in structural steps or shelves tilted towards the NNW. One of these shelves forms the base of the cirque, on which a series of moraine ridges, tardiglacial or from the Little Ice Age, which close off the cirque towards the North (Gómez et al., 2001). The talus is formed from abundant debris resulting from weathering (gelifraction) and hillslope dynamics (rockfall activity) which affect the headwall (Gómez et al., 2003) and is formed mainly by various talus cones which are irregular in shape and stepped as the accumulated debris covers the remains of the stepped structural shelves which were not destroyed by the glacial erosion. Although the talus debris is basically made up of blocks, it is important to point out the abundant presence of fine material, produced by the weathering of the micaschist. (Castillo and Fedeli, 2002; Gómez et al., 2003). Field work carried out over the last ten years (1998-2008) has allowed observation of the triggering and formation in some years of various skin flows in different sectors of the talus, especially in the late summer of 2002 when four skin flows occurred. Within this timeframe monitoring and analysis of this kind of skin flow has been carried out. On the one hand, the description of the morphology, morphometry and sedimentology of each flow has been completed with the production of detailed geomorphological mapping and from sedimentological analysis. The geomorphological mapping has, in turn, allowed the observation of the geomorphological evolution of the flows from the time they occurred. On the other hand, a study has been made of the variables or factors which seem a priori to control the triggering of the skin flow landslips: the snow melt and the presence of permafrost in the detrital talus. The former has been monitored through photographic control of the snow cover at the end of the summer season, so that for each date analyzed a map was obtained of the snow cover, superimposing in turn the location of the skin flows at that date. A GIS processing of the different snow covers has also allowed a map to be produced with the areas of maximum summer snow cover, which was compared with the sites of the skin flow landslips. The existence of permafrost and its presence in the detrital slope has been detected through the monitoring of the ground temperature (BTS measurements, miniature temperature dataloggers) and geophysical surveys (Gómez et al., 2001, 2003). However, these methods for detecting permafrost (pending more detailed surveys) have shown that the presence of permafrost or buried ice in the slope is discontinuous. The geomorphological interpretation shows that the flows are small scale. The maximum length of the largest flow occurring during the observation period is around 50 m, and its width oscillates between 25-30 m. In general the flow only affects a layer of debris of less than 30 cm. The dislodged layer is made up of fine material and small clasts or gravel and pebble sized fragments, with a significant presence of numerous multiple flows which diverge or divide when they encounter a large block and end up forming small lobes. The interior of these is made up of fine material (clay and silt) and the lobe itself is made of small, tightly compressed fragments. Here it should also be noted that many of the flows are stopped or ended when they collide with a block of larger size, forming a series of lobes. It seems clear that many of these flows, as they are moving only a thin layer of fine material, are controlled by the presence of larger blocks which remain stable on the slope. The location of the skin flows at the base of the snowpatches in late summer seems to be the main factor which triggers their genesis. Here, as has been observed in other areas, the absence of vegetation and the abundant water delivered by the rapid nival fusion or snow melt, stronger here as this is an area with Mediterranean climate and also linked to the presence of abundant fine material, provide the conditions needed to favor the triggering of this kind of movement. However it was observed that some skin flows develop in sectors of the slope where the permafrost is absent and so their origin seems to be clearly related to the snow melt. In addition in these cases, the morphology of the flows once they are formed is not destroyed but rather tends to 'blur' as the years pass, although it does not completely lose its original shape: the fine material inside the lobes becomes compacted and the multiple lobes become blurred. In contrast, in other sectors of the slope, where the presence of permafrost levels or buried ice has been detected, the skin flows, once formed, change their physiognomy from year to year, which may be related to the influence of the nival dynamic along with the degradation of the permafrost and the dislodgement of the active layer. References Akerman, H, .J, 1984: Notes on talus morphology and processes in Spitsbergen. Geografiska Annaler 66A (4): 267-284. Benedict, J. B. 1970. Downslope soil movement in a Colorado alpine region: rates, processes, and climatic significance, Arctic and Alpine Research, 2(3): 165-226 Caine N (1976). The influence of snow and increased snowfall on contemporary geomorphic processes in alpine areas. In: Steinoff HW, Ives JD (eds) Ecological impacts of snowpack augmentation in the San Juan Mountains. Colorado State University, Fort Collins, pp 145-200 Castillo, A. and Fedeli, B. 2002. Algunas pautas del comportamiento hidrogeológico de rocas duras afectadas por glaciarismo y periglaciarismo en Sierra Nevada (España). Geogaceta, 32: 195-197. Gómez, A., Palacios, D., Ramos, M., Tanarro, L.M., Schulte, L and Salvador, F., 2001: Location of permafrost in marginal regions: Corral del Veleta, Sierra Nevada. Permafrost and Periglacial Processes, 12: 93-110. Gómez, A.; Palacios, D.; Luengo, E.; Tanarro, L. M.; Schulte, L. & Ramos, M. 2003. Talus instability in a recent deglaciation area and its relantionship to buried ice and snow cover evolution (Picacho del Veleta, Sierra Nevada, Spain). Geografiska Annaler, 85 A(2): 165-182. Hall, K., 1985: Some observations on ground temperatures and transport processes at a nivation site in northern Norway. Norsk Geografisk Tidsskrift, 39: 27-37. Harris, C., 1987: Mechanisms of mass movement in periglacial environments. In: Anderson, M.G. and Richards, K.S. (eds): Slope Stability. John Wiley and Sons. Chichester. 531-559. Jahn, A., 1967: Some features of mass movement on Spitsbergen slopes. Geografiska Annaler, 49A: 213-225. Lambiel, C. and Pieracci, K. 2008. Permafrost distribution in talus slopes located within the alpine periglacial belt, Swiss Alps. Permafrost and Periglacial Processes, 19: 293-304. Lewkowicz, A.G.1988: Slope processes. In: Clark, M.J. (eds): Advances in Periglacial Geomorphology. John Wiley and Sons. Chichester. 325-368. McRoberts, E.C. and Morgenstern, N.R., 1974: The stability of the thawing slopes. Canadian Geotechnical Journal, 11: 447-469. Nyberg, R., 1991: Geomorphic processes at snowpatch sites in the Abisko mountains, northern Sweden. Zeitschrift für Geomorphologie N.F., 35(3): 321-343. Rapp, A. and Nyberg, R., 1988: Mass movements, nivation processes and climatic fluctuations in northern Scandinavian mountains. Norsk Geografisk Tidsskrift, 42: 245-253. Rapp, A., 1960: Recent development of mountain slopes in Kärkevagge and surroundings, Northen Scandinavia. Geografiska Annaler, 42A(2-3): 1-199. Soderman, G., 1980: Slope processes in cold environments of northern Finland. Fennia, 158: 83-152. Strömquist, L., 1985: Geomorphic impact of snowmelt on slope erosion and sediment production. Zeitschrift für Geomorphologie N. F., 29: 129-138. Thorn, C. E., 1988: Nivation: a geomorphic chimera. In: Clark, M. J. (ed.): Advances in Periglacial Geomorphology: John Wiley and Sons. Chichester. 3-31. White, S.E. 1981: Alpine mass movement forms (non-catastrophic). Arctic and Alpine Research 13: 127-37.
Is BRCA1-5083del19, identified in breast cancer patients of Sicilian origin, a Calabrian founder mutation?
Russo, Antonio; CalÚ, Valentina; Bruno, Loredana; SchirÚ, Valentina; Agnese, Valentina; Cascio, Sandra; Foddai, Elena; Fanale, Daniele; Rizzo, Sergio; Di Gaudio, Francesca; Gulotta, Eliana; Surmacz, Eva; Di Fede, Gaetana; Bazan, Viviana
Various studies have been published in Italy regarding the different BRCA1 mutations, but only the BRCA1-5083del19 mutation is recurrent and specific to individuals of Italian descent with a founder effect on the Calabrian population. In our previous study, BRCA1-5083del19 mutation carriers were found in four index cases of 106 Sicilian patients selected for familial and/or hereditary breast/ovarian cancers. The high frequency rate of this mutation identified in the Sicilian population led us to perform haplotype analysis in all family carriers. Five highly polymorphic microsatellite markers were used (D17S1320, D17S932, D17S1323, D17S1326, D17S1325) to establish whether or not all these families had a common ancestor. This analysis showed that all mutation carriers of these families had a common allele. None of the non-carriers of the mutation or of the 50 healthy Sicilian controls showed this haplotype. This allelotype analysis highlighted the presence of a common allele (ancestor), thus suggesting the presence of a founder effect in the Sicilian population. Our results are in contrast with other studies but only the allelotype analysis of all the BRCA1-5083del19 mutation carriers of two neighboring regions of the south of Italy (Calabria and Sicily) will make it possible to identify the real ancestor of this mutation. PMID:18228134
An investigation of the Ora del Garda wind in the Alps by means of kriging of airborne and surface measurements
NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)
Laiti, Lavinia; Zardi, Dino; de Franceschi, Massimiliano; Rampanelli, Gabriele
On summer clear-sky days a coupled lake and valley thermally-driven circulation, known as Ora del Garda, arises in the late morning over the northern shorelines of the Lake Garda, in the southeastern Italian Alps, and then channels northward into the Sarca Valley and the Valley of Lakes. After flowing over an elevated saddle, in the early afternoon the Ora del Garda wind breaks out into the nearby Adige Valley, where it mixes with the local up-valley wind, producing a strong and gusty flow in the area. Flights of an instrumented motorglider, exploring specific sections in the valleys where this breeze blows, were performed in order to investigate the fine-scale structure of the Atmospheric Boundary Layer (ABL) associated to the circulation development. A Residual Kriging (RK) mapping technique was applied to the airborne dataset to obtain high-resolution 3D fields of potential temperature and mixing ratio, including also surface observations from automated weather stations disseminated along the valley floor. RK-interpolated fields revealed not only the characteristic vertical structure of the ABL occurring in connection with the Ora del Garda wind, but also fine-scale features of the thermal structure of the valley atmosphere, like a lake-breeze front structure at the shoreline, cross-valley asymmetries due to the presence of a small lake present on the valley floor or to the valley axis curvature, and an hydraulic jump structure in the outflow area.
Functional analysis of the novel TBX5 c.1333delC mutation resulting in an extended TBX5 protein
Bˆhm, Johann; Heinritz, Wolfram; Craig, Alexander; Vujic, Mihailo; Ekman-Joelsson, Britt-Marie; Kohlhase, J¸rgen; Froster, Ursula
Background Autosomal dominant Holt-Oram syndrome (HOS) is caused by mutations in the TBX5 gene and is characterized by congenital heart and preaxial radial ray upper limb defects. Most of the TBX5 mutations found in patients with HOS cause premature truncation of the primary TBX5 transcript. TBX5 missense mutations alter the three-dimensional structure of the protein and result in failed nuclear localization or reduced binding to target DNA. In this study we present our functional analyses of the novel and unusual c.1333delC mutation found in a patient with classical HOS. Methods The functional impact of this novel mutation was assessed by investigating the intracellular localization of the resulting TBX5 protein and its ability to activate the expression of its downstream target ANF. Results The deletion of the cytosine is the first TBX5 frameshift mutation predicted to result in an elongated TBX5 protein with 74 miscoding amino acids and 62 supernumerary C-terminal amino acids. The c.1333delC mutation affects neither the nuclear localization, nor its colocalization with SALL4, but severely affects the activation of the ANF promoter. Conclusion The mutation c.1333delC does not locate within functional domains, but impairs the activation of the downstream target. This suggests that misfolding of the protein prevents its biological function. PMID:18828908
El contexto de la familia y el vecindario en la salud de los ancianos del estudio EPESE hispano
Reyes-Ortiz, Carlos A.; Camacho, María E.; Eschbach, Karl; Markides, Kyriakos S.
RESUMEN En este artículo se discute el papel de la familia y el vecindario en la salud de los ancianos méjico-americanos del estudio EPESE (Established Populations for Epidemiologic Studies of the Elderly) hispano. La paradoja epidemiológica consiste en que, a pesar de estar en desventaja socioeconómica, los ancianos hispanos tienen mortalidad relativamente menor que los ancianos de raza blanca. Esto es especialmente cierto cuando el anciano vive en los vecindarios donde hay un porcentaje alto de méjico-americanos. La familia también juega un papel importante en estos ancianos al disminuir el riesgo de institucionalización o de morbilidad. Asimismo, el estrés originado en problemas económicos o al depender económicamente de la familia, habiendo inmigrado en edades tardías, puede sobrepasar la capacidad de amortiguamiento del estrés y afectar la salud del anciano méjico-americano. PMID:25190897
Levels of Heavy Metals in Adolescents Living in the Industrialised Area of Milazzo-Valle del Mela (Northern Sicily)
Interdonato, Monica; Mecchio, Anna; Cuspilici, Antonino; Minutoli, Letteria; Squadrito, Francesco
In the Milazzo-Valle del Mela area, the presence of industrial plants and the oil refinery make local residents concerned for their health. For this reason, we evaluated the levels of heavy metals in 226 children aged 12–14 years, living in the 7 municipalities of the area. A control age-matched population (n = 29) living 45 km far from the industrial site was also enrolled. Arsenic, cadmium, chromium, mercury, nickel, and vanadium were analysed in 24 h urine samples, while lead concentration was evaluated in blood samples. A questionnaire regarding life style and risk perception was also administered. Adolescents from Milazzo-Valle del Mela had cadmium levels significantly higher compared to either controls  (P < 0.0001) or the reference values of the European Germany Environmental Survey (GerES-IV) and the American National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES). Furthermore, children had higher perception of living in a high-risk environment. The present data, for the first time, clearly indicate that adolescents living in Milazzo-Valle del Mela have increased body concentration of cadmium, which may be harmful to human health. These results deserve particular attention by the local and regional government to initiate prevention programmes in this susceptible population. PMID:25328531
Lichen Usnea barbata as biomonitor of airborne elements deposition in the Province of Tierra del Fuego (southern Patagonia, Argentina).
Conti, Marcelo Enrique; Pino, Anna; BotrË, Francesco; Bocca, Beatrice; Alimonti, Alessandro
Lichen Usnea barbata was tested as a possible biomonitor of atmospheric deposition in a supposedly pristine environment Tierra del Fuego (Argentina). Lichen samples were collected in 2005 and again in 2006 in 71 sites covering almost the entire region. The aim of the study was to evaluate the bioaccumulation of 26 elements in order to define the background levels in the region. The quantification was carried out by the sector field inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry. No relevant temporal accumulation patterns between 2005 and 2006 sampling campaigns were observed. Then, the results were submitted to multivariate statistical analysis (cluster and principal component analyses). Cluster analysis produced a dendrogram where the 71 sites were divided into four clusters at (Dlink/Dmax)100<30. The areas and the elements were correlated according to the element concentrations by principal component analysis. Four significant components that accounted for 67% were obtained. Cluster 1 was mainly composed of sites of Ushuaia-Road 3 (E area) and it was characterized by high levels of Cd, Co, Ni, Pb, Sb, and W in lichens. The present study has revealed the good capacity of U. barbata to reflect the baseline levels of elements in the environment at a regional scale level. The presence of certain level of elements in lichens agrees with the hypothesis that Tierra del Fuego is not a relatively pristine environment as occasionally supposed. However, when comparing our results with other countries, Tierra del Fuego lichens have a very low content of the measured elements. PMID:19232724
El Instituto Nacional del Cáncer de EE. UU. y Perú firman una Declaración de Intención
El Instituto Nacional del Cáncer y la República del Perú firmaron una declaración de intención para compartir el interés en fomentar la investigación biomédica de oncología, basándose en la colaboración mutua de ambas entidades, así como el objetivo común
Integrated biophysical studies implicate partial unfolding of NBD1 of CFTR in the molecular pathogenesis of F508del cystic fibrosis
Wang, Chi; Protasevich, Irina; Yang, Zhengrong; Seehausen, Derek; Skalak, Timothy; Zhao, Xun; Atwell, Shane; Spencer Emtage, J; Wetmore, Diana R; Brouillette, Christie G; Hunt, John F
The lethal genetic disease cystic fibrosis is caused predominantly by in-frame deletion of phenylalanine 508 in the cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR). F508 is located in the first nucleotide-binding domain (NBD1) of CFTR, which functions as an ATP-gated chloride channel on the cell surface. The F508del mutation blocks CFTR export to the surface due to aberrant retention in the endoplasmic reticulum. While it was assumed that F508del interferes with NBD1 folding, biophysical studies of purified NBD1 have given conflicting results concerning the mutation's influence on domain folding and stability. We have conducted isothermal (this paper) and thermal (accompanying paper) denaturation studies of human NBD1 using a variety of biophysical techniques, including simultaneous circular dichroism, intrinsic fluorescence, and static light-scattering measurements. These studies show that, in the absence of ATP, NBD1 unfolds via two sequential conformational transitions. The first, which is strongly influenced by F508del, involves partial unfolding and leads to aggregation accompanied by an increase in tryptophan fluorescence. The second, which is not significantly influenced by F508del, involves full unfolding of NBD1. Mg-ATP binding delays the first transition, thereby offsetting the effect of F508del on domain stability. Evidence suggests that the initial partial unfolding transition is partially responsible for the poor in vitro solubility of human NBD1. Second-site mutations that increase the solubility of isolated F508del-NBD1 in vitro and suppress the trafficking defect of intact F508del-CFTR in vivo also stabilize the protein against this transition, supporting the hypothesize that it is responsible for the pathological trafficking of F508del-CFTR. PMID:20687163
Impacto del Seguro Popular en el gasto catastrófico y de bolsillo en el México rural y urbano, 2005–2008
Sosa-Rubí, Sandra G; Salinas-Rodríguez, Aarón; Galárraga, Omar
Objetivo Estimar el efecto del Seguro Popular (SP) sobre la incidencia del gasto catastrófico en salud (GCS) y sobre el gasto de bolsillo en salud (GBS) en el mediano plazo. Material y métodos Con base en la Encuesta de Evaluación del Seguro Popular (2005–2008), se analizaron los resultados del efecto del SP en la cohorte rural para dos años de seguimiento (2006 y 2008) y en la cohorte urbana para un año (2008). Resultados A nivel conglomerado no se detectaron efectos del SP. A nivel hogar se encontró que el SP tiene un efecto protector en el GCS y en el GBS en consulta externa y hospitalización en zonas rurales; y efectos significativos en la reducción de GBS en consulta externa en zonas urbanas. Conclusiones El SP se muestra como un programa efectivo para proteger a los hogares contra gastos de bolsillo por motivos de salud en el mediano plazo. PMID:22282205
[Additional chromosomal abnormality of inv(16)(p13q22) to del(7)(q32) in a patient with acute myelomonocytic leukemia].
Ida, Tori; Hashimoto, Shigeo; Yano, Toshio; Sato, Naoko; Koike, Tadashi
We report a 54-year-old man with acute myeloid leukemia (AML) carrying del(7)(q32) and inv(16)(p13q22). He was diagnosed as having AML M4Eo according to the FAB classification. RT-PCR for CBFβ/MYH11 gene was positive. Karyotype analysis revealed the primary chromosomal abnormality to be del(7)(q32) and inv(16)(p13q22) developed as a secondary abnormality. He achieved complete remission after one course of induction chemotherapy and remained in remission after several courses of consolidation therapy. del(7q) is classified into an intermediate risk group or an adverse risk group, while inv(16)/t(16;16) is classified into a favorable risk group. Some AML cases with inv(16)/t(16;16) exhibit del(7q) as an additional chromosomal abnormality. It was reported that such cases showed good prognosis despite the presence of del(7q). However, AML cases with del(7q) and inv(16)/t(16;16) as secondary chromosomal abnormalities are rare. Further study is needed to clarify the clinical manifestations of such cases. PMID:22499053
AIRSAR studies of woody shrub density in semiarid rangeland: Jornada del Muerto, New Mexico
Musick, H.B.; Schaber, G.S.; Breed, C.S.
This study evaluates the use of polarimetric Airborne Synthetic Aperture Radar (AIRSAR) data to assess woody shrub density in a semiarid site where the vegetation consists primarily of varied mixtures of herbaceous vegetation and shrubs. AIRSAR data and field observations of vegetation cover and growth form-composition were obtained for 59 sites in the Jornada del Muerto plain in southern New Mexico. Radar signature measures examined were C-, L- and P-band backscattering coefficients (??0) for HH, HV and W polarizations, ratios of ??0HH and ??0HV to ??0VV, and the HH-VV polarization phase difference and correlation coefficient. The most effective measure for estimation of shrub density was L-band ??0HV, which distinguished among shrub density classes with no misclassification. Sensitivity of this measure to small amounts of shrub cover was indicated by successful separation of sites with <1% shrub cover from sites with 1-5% cover. Separability of shrub density classes was generally least for C-band signature measures. A distinctive radar signature was exhibited by dense stands of Yucca elata, a semitreelike plant with uniformly thick ???10 cm diameter) fibrous stems. Yucca sites were distinguished from others by their high P-band ??0HV relative to L-band ??0HV. The results are largely explained by the greater sensitivity of lounger wavelengths to larger canopy structural elements. L-band ??0HV and other measures responsive to canopy volume scattering were more strongly related to shrub than to herbaceous plant cover because woody shrub canopies have numerous stems of the intermediate size to which L-band is most sensitive, whereas stems of this size are mostly lacking in herbaceous canopies. The uniform-diameter stems of yucca have larger dimensions to which P-band is more sensitive than L-band.This study evaluates the use of polarimetric Airborne Synthetic Aperture Radar (AIRSAR) data to assess woody shrub density in a semiarid site where the vegetation consists primarily of varied mixtures of herbaceous vegetation and shrubs. AIRSAR data and field observations of vegetation cover and growth form-composition were obtained for 59 sites in the Jornada del Muerto plain in southern New Mexico. Radar signature measures examined were C-, L- and P-band backscattering coefficients (??0) for HH, HV and VV polarizations, ratios of ??0HH and ??0HV to ??0VV, and the HH-VV polarization phase difference and correlation coefficient. The most effective measure for estimation of shrub density was L-band ??0HV, which distinguished among shrub density classes with no misclassification. Sensitivity of this measure to small amounts of shrub cover was indicated by successful separation of sites with <1% shrub cover from sites with 1-5% cover. Separability of shrub density classes was generally least for C-band signature measures. A distinctive radar signature was exhibited by dense stands of Yucca elata, a semitreelike plant with uniformly thick (???10 cm diameter) fibrous stems. Yucca sites were distinguished from others by their high P-band ??0HV relative to L-band ??0HV. The results are largely explained by the greater sensitivity of longer wavelengths to larger canopy structural elements. L-band ??0HV and other measures responsive to canopy volume scattering were more strongly related to shrub than to herbaceous plant cover because woody shrub canopies have numerous stems of the intermediate size to which L-band is most sensitive, whereas stems of this size are mostly lacking in herbaceous canopies. The uniform-diameter stems of yucca have larger dimensions to which P-band is more sensitive than L-band.
Analysis of the thermal structure of the "Ora del Garda" wind from airborne and surface measurements
NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)
Laiti, L.; Zardi, D.; de Franceschi, M.
Systems of daily-periodic valley winds typically develop in the Alps, driven by the interaction between the thermally forced motion of air masses and the complex orographic configuration. The occurrence of large lakes can mark these phenomena with local peculiarities. This study investigates a well known valley/lake breeze phenomenon, the so-called Ora del Garda. The latter is a diurnal wind originating in the late morning of sunny days on the northern shores of Lake Garda, channelling into the Sarca River Valley and the Lakes Valley nearby, and reaching, on days of greater intensity, the Adige River Valley, where it gets mixed with the local up-valley winds and produces a strong and gusty local flow. The Ora blows very regularly on sunny days under fair weather conditions, from late spring to early autumn, and marks local weather conditions in the area. In order to explore how the development of this wind affects the boundary layer processes in the valleys, and in particular temperature and humidity structures, three measurements campaigns were performed in 1998-1999, including flights of an instrumented light airplane. Each flight trajectory explored three or four sections along the valley at specific locations (namely over the lake coast, at half valley, at the end of the valley). By following spiralling paths on vertical planes oriented either along or cross valley, data allowing detailed pictures of atmospheric structure on these sections were collected. At the same time data from surface weather stations located both on the valley floor and on the sidewall slopes were collected and analysed. In particular measurements from radiometers allowed to monitor the evolution of the radiation forcing the valley wind. For each single section suitable analytical expressions for mean vertical temperature and humidity profiles were first inferred to determine the dominating vertical structure. Then the characteristic spatial scales of variability of local deviations from the mean vertical profile and their variogram were analyzed. Finally temperature and humidity fields on cross-valley and along-valley sections of the atmosphere were reconstructed by means of a geostatistical interpolation technique (kriging). This allowed an evaluation of the influence of the Ora del Garda on the temperature and moisture structure of the valley atmosphere and of the connections between the breeze flow depth and the convective boundary layer height. The pattern displays much features common to most diurnal valley winds. In particular the convective boundary layer height in the valley is rather shallow and surmounted by a deep stable layer. However close to the lake the atmosphere tends to stabilize throughout the boundary layer depth, due to the advection of colder air from above the lake surface. Moreover some local small scale features of this circulation, chiefly due to morphological irregularities and surface coverage inhomogeneities were recognized and interpreted, such as the presence of the small Lake of Cavedine far up-valley, and the local contrasts between valley-bottom areas covered with bare rocks and densely vegetated areas.
Postglacial eruptive history of Laguna del Maule volcanic field in Chile, from fallout stratigraphy in Argentina
NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)
Fierstein, J.; Sruoga, P.; Amigo, A.; Elissondo, M.; Rosas, M.
The Laguna del Maule (LdM) volcanic field, which surrounds the 54-km2 lake of that name, covers ~500 km2 of rugged glaciated terrain with Quaternary lavas and tuffs that extend for 40 km westward from the Argentine frontier and 30 km N-S from the Rio Campanario to Laguna Fea in the Southern Volcanic Zone of Chile. Geologic mapping (Hildreth et al., 2010) shows that at least 130 separate vents are part of the LdM field, from which >350 km3 of products have erupted since 1.5 Ma. These include a ring of 36 postglacial rhyolite and rhyodacite coulees and domes that erupted from 24 separate vents and encircle the lake, suggesting a continued large magma reservoir. Because the units are young, glassy, and do not overlap, only a few ages had been determined and the sequence of most of the postglacial eruptions had not previously been established. However, most of these postglacial silicic eruptions were accompanied by explosive eruptions of pumice and ash. Recent investigations downwind in Argentina are combining stratigraphy, grain-size analysis, chemistry, and radiocarbon dating to correlate the tephra with eruptive units mapped in Chile, assess fallout distribution, and establish a time-stratigraphic framework for the postglacial eruptions at Laguna del Maule. Two austral summer field seasons with a tri-country collaboration among the geological surveys of the U.S., Chile, and Argentina, have now established that a wide area east of the volcanic field was blanketed by at least 3 large explosive eruptions from LdM sources, and by at least 3 more modest, but still significant, eruptions. In addition, an ignimbrite from the LdM Barrancas vent complex on the border in the SE corner of the lake traveled at least 15 km from source and now makes up a pyroclastic mesa that is at least 40 m thick. This ignimbrite (72-75% SiO2) preceded a series of fall deposits that are correlated with eruption of several lava flows that built the Barrancas complex. Recent 14C dates suggest that most of the preserved LdM fallout eruptions were between 7 ka and 2 ka. However, the oldest and perhaps largest fall unit yet recognized is correlated with the Los Espejos rhyolite lava flow that dammed the lake and yields a 40Ar/39Ar age of 23 ka. Pumice clasts as large as 8.5 cm and lithics to 4 cm were measured 32 km ENE of source. It is the only high-silica rhyolite (75.5-76% SiO2) fall layer yet found, correlates chemically with the Los Espejos rhyolite lava flow, and includes distinctive olivine-bearing lithics that are correlated with mafic lavas which underlie the Espejos vent. Extremely frothy pumice found near the vent is also consistent with the bubble-wall shards and reticulite pumice distinctive of the correlative fall deposit. Another large rhyolite fall deposit (74.5% SiO2), 4 m thick 22 km E of source, has pumice clasts to 9.5 cm and includes ubiquitous coherent clasts of fine, dense soil that suggests it erupted through wet ground; 14C dates (uncalibrated) yield ages ~7 ka. Stratigraphic details suggest that pulses of fallout were accompanied by small pyroclastic flows. Ongoing field and lab work continues to build the LdM postglacial eruptive story. The numerous postglacial explosive eruptions from the LdM field are of significant concern because of ongoing 33 cm/year uplift along the western lakeshore, as measured by InSAR and verified by GPS.
Subduction and exhumation structures preserved in Cerro del Almirez HP metaserpentinites (Betic Cordillera, SE Spain)
NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)
Jabaloy-S·nchez, Antonio; LÛpez S·nchez-VizcaÌno, Vicente; GÛmez-Pugnaire, MarÌa Teresa; PadrÛn-Navarta, JosÈ Alberto; Garrido, Carlos J.
The Cerro del Almirez massif (Nevado-Fil·bride Complex, Betic Cordillera, SE Spain) is composed of antigorite serpentinite and chlorite harzburgite separated by a thin reaction front in a paleo-subduction setting. Structural analysis of ultramafic lithologies and metasedimentary host rocks provides information on the tectonic evolution of this massif during prograde metamorphism in a subduction zone and during subsequent exhumation. Here we report for the first time HP structures related to a subduction event underwent by ultramafic rocks of the Nevado-Fil·bride Complex. The oldest subduction-related structures are preserved in Atg-serpentinites: a penetrative S1 foliation and associated L1 stretching lineation were formed in a non-coaxial regime with a top-to-the-W sense of shearing. This planar linear fabric is crosscut by olivine ± Ti-clinohumite veins formed during the prograde breakdown of brucite and pre-metamorphic clinopyroxene at temperatures ranging from 465 to 500 ∫C [1]. Veins occur as a system of decimetric long joints, some of them hybrid open and sheared veins with associated drag folds. They recorded embrittlement processes due to the release of 6% vol. H2O of the rock. S1 foliation can, however, be simultaneous with or be overgrown by olivine and/or tremolite porphyroblasts, product of the prograde reaction Di + Atg ? Fo + Tr + H2O, which occurred at T > 600 ∫C and P = 1.7-1.9 GPa [1]. Generation of S1/L1 fabric was followed by static annealing at ca. 680 ∫C and 1.6-1.9 GPa [2]. The S1/L1 fabric in Atg-serpentinite is crosscut by the Atg-out isograd and overgrown by the Atg-serpentinite dehydration products that gave place to Chl-harzburgite. Peak metamorphic conditions of the Chl-harzburgite assemblage reached 680-710 ∫C and 1.6-1.9 GPa [3]. Prograde Chl-harzburgite is crosscut by sets of conjugate zones associated to grain-size reduction of olivine grains [3]. These grain size reduction zones are interpreted as brittle structures generated by hydrofracturing by overpressure fluids in a compressional setting with a roughly subhorizontal ?1 and low differential stresses. Structures related to the exhumation process are mainly preserved in the metasedimentary host rock, where a recurrent sequence is recorded of non-coaxial deformations and folding. Firstly, a S2/L2 planar-linear fabric developed within shear zones dominated by a non-coaxial regime with a top-to-the-west sense of movement in a compressive regime. Metamorphic peak conditions deduced for the schists are lower in temperature (560-590 ∫C) but similar in pressure (1.3-1.9 GPa) than the ultramafic rocks in contact with them, thus indicating that a major shear zone at the base of the ultramafic massif was active during D2 deformation. The superposed thin tectonic units stacked during D2, including the rigid Chl-harzburgites, were subsequently affected by N-vergent folds. [1] LÛpez S·nchez-VizcaÌno V. et al., (2009): Breakdown mechanisms of titanclinohumite in antigorite serpentinite (Cerro del Almirez massif, S. Spain): a petrological and TEM study. Lithos, 107, 216-226. [2] PadrÛn-Navarta J.A. et al., (2012): Plastic deformation and development of antigorite crystal preferred orientation in high-pressure serpentinites. Earth and Planetary Science Letters, 349-350, 75-86. [3] PadrÛn-Navarta J.A. et al., (2010): Fluid transfer into the wedge controlled by high-pressure hydrofracturing in the cold top-slab mantle. Earth and Planetary Science Letters, 297, 271-286.
The Development of a Restless Rhyolite Magma Chamber at Laguna del Maule, Chile
NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)
Andersen, N.; Singer, B. S.; Jicha, B. R.; Fierstein, J.; Vazquez, J. A.
The Laguna del Maule (LdM) volcanic field is a site of rapid crustal deformation at rates in excess of 200 mm/yr since 2007. The uplift is centered in the 16 km diameter LdM lake basin, which is ringed by 21 rhyolite domes and coulees erupted since the last glacial retreat. The lack of previously common andesite and dacite eruptions since 19 ka and coherent major and trace element variation throughout post-glacial time suggests the presence of a large silicic magma body beneath the LdM basin. Assimilation-fractional crystallization modeling predicts the rhyolites evolved at 5 km depth by 73% fractionation of a basaltic parent and modest assimilation of granodiorite accounting for up to 20% of the highest silica rhyolite. AFC processes dominate the evolution from basalt, however the differentiation of the silicic magma is complicated by liquid extraction from crystal mush, remelting of cumulate by intruding basalt, and trace element diffusion. Two-oxide thermometry indicates a relatively hot, oxidized system with eruptive temperatures ranging from 760 - 850° C and fO2 at QFM+2. Pilot ion microprobe 238U-230Th dating of zircon rims suggests the shallow LdM magma system was assembled over a period of 100-200 kyr. 40Ar/39Ar geochronology and field relationships reveal the post-glacial silicic volcanism occurred in two phases. Phase 1 began approximately coincident with deglaciation at 25 ka with the eruption of the rhyolite East of Presa Laguna del Maule. Over the next 6 ky, 6 small rhyodacite domes, a larger rhyodacite flow, and 4 andesite flows erupted in the NW basin and two silicic domes 12 km to the SE. Phase 1 culminates with the eruption of the Espejos rhyolite near the N shore of the lake at 19 ka. The locus of volcanism then migrates SE and phase 2 begins at ~10 ka with the eruption of the Cari Launa rhyolite and the early flows of the Barrancas complex. This period is more voluminous, erupting 4.8 km3 compared to 1.7 km3 during phase 1. Phase 2 produced lower silica rhyolite (72-74%) than the majority erupted during phase 1 (75-76%) but a smaller range of compositions overall as andesite and rhyodacite eruptions become rare and peripheral. The two phases are also distinguished by a small, but consistent, shift in REE contents. Phase 1 is marked by lower REE contents, but higher Ce/Sm ratios. The chemical trends are temporally, rather than spatially, correlated reflecting the evolution of an integrated magma body rather than local vagaries in magmatic process. Early eruptions in both phases 1 and 2 are characterized by elevated two-oxide temperatures, the presence of trace pyrrhotite, and Ta contents 2-3 times greater than subsequent eruptions, an enrichment of similar magnitude to that observed in the early Bishop Tuff. The intrusion of basalt to the base of the magma chamber could provide a source of heat and volatiles catalyzing the crystallization of Fe-sulfide and roofward diffusion of Ta. Such events have been followed by periods of heightened volcanic activity and produced an increasing rate of silicic magma generation. If the current unrest is indicative of basaltic intrusion, it could foreshadow continuing silicic volcanism at LdM, potentially leading to a catastrophic caldera forming eruption.
The origin of oriented lakes in the Andean foreland, Parque Nacional Torres del Paine (Chilean Patagonia)
NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)
Gonzales, Joseph; Aydin, Atilla
The Parque Nacional Torres Del Paine and surrounding area in the Magallanes foreland basin in Chilean Patagonia is the site for numerous lakes fed by glaciers and rivers in the Andean highlands to the west. The lakes are elongate and have conspicuously systematic orientations. We hypothesize that the origin of the oriented lakes lies in the fault system, composed of a right-lateral strike-slip fault set oriented 58∞ from north, a left-lateral strike-slip set oriented 87∞, and a thrust fault set oriented 167∞, that exists within the underlying rocks. To test this hypothesis quantitatively, we determined the shape and orientation of the lakes by fitting each lake with an ellipse of appropriate aspect ratio, and later with multiple ellipses consistent with the composite geometry of some lakes. We then examined the faults in the area in terms of their kinematics, orientation and distribution. The distribution of lake orientations showed three distinct groups which appear to correspond to the three main fault groups. For lakes fitted with multiple ellipses, the difference in means between the right-lateral, left-lateral, and thrust faults and their corresponding groups of lakes are 3.05∞, 1.57∞, and 5.17∞. Using a Kolmogorov-Smirnov (K-S) statistical test to compare the orientations of faults with respect to the lakes suggests that there is not a strongly significant difference between the fault orientations and the corresponding lake groups. These results indicate that the faults have a profound control on the orientation, shape, and distribution of the lakes. We attribute this to faults and their damage zones being weaker and therefore prone to a faster rate of erosion, and to stress perturbations associated with discontinuous faults resulting in localized high density fracturing and surface subsidence. These results have implications for lake and drainage system morphologies in other foreland basins along the Andes and other similar settings.
Late Holocene Sediment Study From Santa MarÌa del Oro Crater Lake, Nayarit, MÈxico, Using Environmental Magnetism
NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)
Vazquez, G.; Ortega, B.; Rodriguez, A.
The lake is located near the Pacific coast of Mexico, at the western end of the Trans Mexican Volcanic Belt. It is a deep lake (ca. 65 m) with steep sides and only a small bay (Agua Caliente) has shallower water (ca. 12 m). Four parallel cores between 4 and 9 m long were recovered in March 2002 from this shallower area. Sediments are characterized by alternated laminations (few millimeters to 2 cm) of sand, brown silt, green silt, reddish silt, ochre silt, and peat. The 14-C dated sequence spans the last ca. 2,600 yrs. Given this age, it is possible that each set of laminations represent annual sedimentation cycles. The record is a potential high- resolution archive of environmental and climatic variability for western Mexico for late Holocene. Magnetic measurements of susceptibility along the cores show a high variability in the concentration of magnetic mineralogy. Different magnetic and non-magnetic properties show two sets of facies in relation to its magnetic mineralogy; one group composed by sand, brown silt, green silt and peat has the magnetite and Ti-magnetite as the principal magnetic phase; the second group, composed by reddish and ochre silt, has a low Ti magnetite component and siderite, as the principal paramagnetic component. The effects of climatic variations such as the drought occurred in the archeological Classic period (100 - 900 dC), the Medieval Warm Period (950 - 1350 dC), the Little Ice Age (1400 - 1800 dC), and the droughts over the last 700 years, documented in sites along central Mexico, are recognized in the magnetic mineralogy of Santa Maria del Oro.
Recent Eruptions of Nevado del Huila Volcano, Colombia after 500 Years Resting
NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)
Santacoloma, C. C.; Londono, J. M.; Cardona, C. E.
Nevado del Huila Volcano (NHV) unrest for more than 500 years, on February 18, 2007 produced a sudden eruption, and started a new cycle of activity. On April 18, 2007 a second eruption occurred. On November 21, 2008 a big eruption took place. The three eruptions produced huge lahars. The promptly warning prior the eruptions allowed to evacuate more than 100000 people living near the volcano, thanks to the permanent monitoring of the volcano by INGEOMINAS (Colombia Geological Survey) since 1992, although at the moment of the eruption only one seismic stations was installed. Changes in several parameters have been observed through these years. Seismicity has shown the most remarkable changes. "drum beat" - type seismicity was observed previous the emplacement of a dacitic dome at the top of the crater. Temporal changes in coda Q and b-value were observed previous the eruptions. In addition, changes in SO2 flux are correlated with seismicity associated to fluid activity (such as LP events, hybrid events and tremor). On the other hand, temporal changes in frequency content of LP events were observed before (decrease), during (increase) and after (decrease) the eruptions. This behavior suggests a change in phase of the material inside the volcano, probably from more gas-rich previous the eruption to gas-poor at the end of the eruption. This example of the transition from a rested to an unrested volcano, shows that the continuous monitoring of a rested volcano can help to foretold an impending eruption, even with very few instruments installed, if the monitoring has been continuous and for several years.
Hydrocarbon source apportionment for the 1996 Paso del Norte ozone study
Fujita, E.M.
This paper provides a summary of the nonmethane hydrocarbon (NMHC) source apportionments performed at Desert Research Institute as part of the 1996 Paso del Norte Ozone Study. Version 8 of the Chemical Mass Balance (CMB) receptor model was applied to a total of 2232 hourly automated gas chromatography (auto-GC) and 225 two-hour canister samples. The auto-GC system was operated by the Texas Natural Resource Conservation Commission at one site in central El Paso. Two-hour canister samples were collected five times per day at 0500--0700, 0700--0900, 0900--1100, 1100--1300, and 1500--1700 MST during intensive study periods at one urban and one rural site on each side of the border. Gasoline vehicle exhaust accounts for one-half to two-thirds of NMHC in Juarez and El Paso with highest contributions during the morning and afternoon commute periods. Emissions from diesel exhaust and propane buses are both 2 to 5% of NMHC in Juarez and less than 2% in El Paso. The average sum of liquid gasoline and gasoline vapor increases during the day in Juarez from 2% at 0600 to about 8% at 1600. Diurnal and day-of-the-week patterns in the liquid gasoline contributions are essentially identical to the corresponding patterns for motor vehicle exhaust. These patterns suggest that a large fraction of the liquid gasoline contribution is associated with tailpipe emissions rather than evaporative emissions from either vehicle or industrial sources. Additionally, the contributions of liquid gasoline are strongly correlated with vehicle exhaust with respect to wind direction. The sum of the two sources put the upper limit for tailpipe contributions at 60 to 70%t of NMHC.
Characterization of ambient particulate matter in the Paso del Norte region
Li, W.W.; Currey, R.M.; Valenzuela, V.H.; Meuzelaar, H.L.C.; Sheya, S.A.; Anderson, J.R.; Banerjee, S.; Griffin, J.B.
Air pollution in the Paso del Norte region, where West Texas abuts the southern boundary of New Mexico and the northern boundary of Chihuahua, Mexico is a common concern to the residents on both sides of the border. Parts of the region fail to meet the US and Mexican Ambient Air Quality Standards for particulate matter, ozone, and carbon monoxide. The regional air pollution problem is complicated due to arid climate, complex terrain topography, frequently occurring temperature inversions, extensive unpaved urban areas, an aging and poorly maintained vehicle fleet, and a number of other uncontrolled anthropogenic emission sources. The issue is further complicated by concerns arising from recent scientific evidence of the health effects associated with exposures to fine particulate matter. A study designed to address particulate matter (PM) air pollution problems in the region is currently undertaken by researchers from member universities of the Southwest Center for Environmental Research and Policy and several governmental agencies. The study attempts to (1) characterize the fine fraction of PM; (2) identify and characterize the major regional emission sources; (3) apportion the fine fraction of PM to the source emissions; and (4) establish a regional technological information clearinghouse. The short-term goal of this research is to initiate a research program to characterize, identify, and quantify the sources and nature of the PM in the region. The long-term goal of this study is to establish regional research capabilities to continue air quality monitoring, evaluation, modeling, and control after the implementation of the study. A scoping study to collect regional PM was conducted in December 1998.
Compilation and evaluation of a Paso del Norte emission inventory for use in photochemical dispersion modeling
Haste, T.L.; Kumar, N.; Chinkin, L.R.; Roberts, P.T.; Saeger, M.; Mulligan, S.; Yarbrough, J.
Emission inventories are routinely used for planning purposes and as input to comprehensive photochemical air quality models. Photochemical model performance and the development of an effective control strategy are predicated on the accuracy of an underlying emission inventory. The purpose of this study was to compile an ozone precursor emission inventory for the El Paso/Ciudad Juarez/Southern Dona Ana region; generate a spatially and temporally resolved, speciated emission inventory; and evaluate the accuracy and representativeness of the inventory. Existing point, area, and mobile source emissions data were obtained from local government agencies. Emissions were spatially and temporally allocated to a gridded domain using region-specific demographic and land cover information. The inventory was processed using the US Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) recommended Urban Airshed Model Emissions Preprocessor System 2.0 (UAM-EPS 2.0) which generates emissions files that can be directly used as input to the Urban Airshed Model. An evaluation of the emission inventory was then performed by comparing inventory non-methane hydrocarbon (NMHC)/NO{sub x} and CO/NO{sub x} ratios to ambient ratios using air quality data collected during the 1996 Paso del Norte Ozone Study. Detailed NMHC species comparisons were also made in order to investigate the relative composition of individual hydrocarbon species in the emission inventory and in the ambient data. This initial emission inventory is expected to undergo substantial revisions during the upcoming photochemical modeling phase of the effort to better understand and improve the air quality of the El Paso/Ciudad Juarez/Southern Dona Ana region.
Glacial geomorphology of the Pleistocene Lake Fagnano ice lobe, Tierra del Fuego, southern South America
NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)
Coronato, A.; Sepp‰l‰, M.; Ponce, J. F.; Rabassa, J.
A regional geomorphological study is presented of the southern and eastern coast of Lake Fagnano, one of the most extensive glacial areas of Tierra del Fuego Island, at the southernmost tip of South America. A palaeoglacial reconstruction is made, based on the location of erosional and depositional glacial landforms. The outlet glacier flowing eastwards from the Darwin Cordillera (Fuegian Andes, Chile) had more than 50 tributary glaciers. An alpine-type landscape, including arÍtes, cirques, truncated spurs and hanging valleys developed in the western region of the present lake, whereas a piedmont-type landscape including lateral moraines, glaciofluvial and glaciolacustrine terraces and an ice-disintegration landscape developed in the eastern region. The glacier spread over the low ranges and lowlands through three different lobes, and was drained by four main outwash basins, directly into the Atlantic Ocean. The ice-covered area is estimated at 4000 km 2; the maximum length of the main lobe at 132 km, and the general slope at 8∞. Four terminal positions of the glacier were recognized and related to the In˙til Bay and Beagle Channel glacial areas, located to the north and south, respectively. 14C dates from basal peats show that most of the area, especially the easternmost part and the southern coast, were free of ice by 12,300 years B.P. Fossil peat contained in the lower basal till deposits yield 14C dates of 31,000-48,200 years B.P., indicating that a glacial advance occurred in the area prior to the Last Glacial Maximum (ca. 25,000-23,000 cal. years B.P.).
Survival of captive-reared Hispaniolan Parrots released in Parque Nacional del Este, Dominican Republic
Collazo, J.A.; White, T.H., Jr.; Vilella, F.J.; Guerrero, S.A.
We report first-year survival rates of 49 captive-reared Hispaniolan Parrots (Amazona ventralis) released in Parque Nacional del Este, Dominican Republic. Our goal was to learn about factors affecting postrelease survival. Specifically, we tested if survival was related to movements and whether modifying prerelease protocols influenced survival rates. We also estimated survival in the aftermath of Hurricane Georges (22 September 1998). Twenty-four parrots, fitted with radio-transmitters, were released between 14 September and 12 December 1997. Twenty-five more were released between 29 June and 16 September 1998. First-year survival rates were 30% in 1997 and 29% in 1998. Survival probability was related to bird mobility. In contrast to birds released in 1997, none of the 25 parrots released in 1998 suffered early postrelease mortality (i.e., 3-5 days after release). Two adjustments to prerelease protocols (increased exercise and reduced blood sampling) made in 1998 may have contributed to differences in mobility and survival between years. The reduction of early postrelease mortality in 1998 was encouraging, as was the prospect for higher first-year survival (e.g., 30% to 65%). Only one death was attributed to the immediate impact of the hurricane. Loss of foraging resources was likely a major contributor to ensuing mortality. Birds increased their mobility, presumably in search of food. Survival rates dropped 23% in only eight weeks posthurricane. This study underscores the value of standardized prerelease protocols, and of estimating survival and testing for factors that might influence it. Inferences from such tests will provide the best basis to make adjustments to a release program.
When depth is no refuge: cumulative thermal stress increases with depth in Bocas del Toro, Panama
NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)
Neal, B. P.; Condit, C.; Liu, G.; dos Santos, S.; Kahru, M.; Mitchell, B. G.; Kline, D. I.
Coral reefs are increasingly affected by high-temperature stress events and associated bleaching. Monitoring and predicting these events have largely utilized sea surface temperature data, due to the convenience of using large-scale remotely sensed satellite measurements. However, coral bleaching has been observed to vary in severity throughout the water column, and variations in coral thermal stress across depths have not yet been well investigated. In this study, in situ water temperature data from 1999 to 2011 from three depths were used to calculate thermal stress on a coral reef in Bahia Almirante, Bocas del Toro, Panama, which was compared to satellite surface temperature data and thermal stress calculations for the same area and time period from the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration Coral Reef Watch Satellite Bleaching Alert system. The results show similar total cumulative annual thermal stress for both the surface and depth-stratified data, but with a striking difference in the distribution of that stress among the depth strata during different high-temperature events, with the greatest thermal stress unusually recorded at the deepest measured depth during the most severe bleaching event in 2005. Temperature records indicate that a strong density-driven temperature inversion may have formed in this location in that year, contributing to the persistence and intensity of bleaching disturbance at depth. These results indicate that depth may not provide a stress refuge from high water temperature events in some situations, and in this case, the water properties at depth appear to have contributed to greater coral bleaching at depth compared to near-surface locations. This case study demonstrates the importance of incorporating depth-stratified temperature monitoring and small-scale oceanographic and hydrologic data for understanding and predicting local reef responses to elevated water temperature events.
Resveratrol increases F508del-CFTR dependent salivary secretion in cystic fibrosis mice
Dhooghe, Barbara; Bouckaert, Charlotte; Capron, Arnaud; Wallemacq, Pierre; Leal, Teresinha; Noel, Sabrina
ABSTRACT Cystic fibrosis (CF) is a fatal genetic disease associated with widespread exocrine gland dysfunction. Studies have suggested activating effects of resveratrol, a naturally-occurring polyphenol compound with antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties, on CF transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) protein function. We assayed, in F508del-CFTR homozygous (CF) and in wild-type mice, the effect of resveratrol on salivary secretion in basal conditions, in response to inhibition by atropine (basal ?-adrenergic-dependent component) and to stimulation by isoprenaline (CFTR-dependent component). Both components of the salivary secretion were smaller in CF mice than in controls. Two hours after intraperitoneal administration of resveratrol (50?mg/kg) dissolved in DMSO, the compound was detected in salivary glands. As in both CF and in wild-type mice, DMSO alone increased the response to isoprenaline in males but not in females, the effect of resveratrol was only measured in females. In wild-type mice, isoprenaline increased secretion by more than half. In CF mice, resveratrol rescued the response to isoprenaline, eliciting a 2.5-fold increase of ?-adrenergic-stimulated secretion. We conclude that the salivary secretion assay is suitable to test DMSO-soluble CFTR modulators in female mice. We show that resveratrol applied in vivo to mice reaches salivary glands and increases ?-adrenergic secretion. Immunolabelling of CFTR in human bronchial epithelial cells suggests that the effect is associated with increased CFTR protein expression. Our data support the view that resveratrol is beneficial for treating CF. The salivary secretion assay has a potential application to test efficacy of novel CF therapies. PMID:26092868
GIS based Relative Tsunami Hazard Maps for Northern California, Humboldt and Del Norte Counties
NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)
Patton, J. R.; Dengler, L. A.
Tsunami hazard maps are generated using a geographical information systems (GIS) approach to depict the relative tsunami hazard of coastal Humboldt and Del Norte Counties in northern California. Maps are composed for the Humboldt Bay, Eel River, and Crescent City regions and available online at http://www.humboldt.edu/~geodept/earthquakes/rctwg/toc.html . In contrast to previous mapping efforts that utilize a single line to represent inundation, hazard is displayed gradationally. A 2.5D surface is constructed to represent this hazard. Elevation, normally used for 2.5D surfaces, is substituted with hazard units. Criteria boundaries are used to separate regions of increasing hazard. Criteria boundaries are defined based on numerical modeling, paleoseismic studies, historical flooding, FEMA Q3 flood maps, and impacts of recent tsunamis elsewhere. Zones are constructed to further adjust the criteria with respect to a physically determined variable hazard (e.g. proximity to open ocean). A triangular irregular network (TIN) is constructed using hazard criteria boundaries as breaklines. Fabricated points are necessary to construct a hazard surface and are placed where criteria boundaries diverge or where hazard is nonlinear between criteria boundaries. Hazard is displayed as a continuous gradational color scale ranging from red (high hazard) through orange (medium), yellow (low) to gray (no hazard). The maps are GIS based to facilitate ready adaptation by planners and emergency managers. The maps are intended for educational purposes, to improve awareness of tsunami hazards and to encourage emergency planning efforts of local and regional organizations by illustrating the range of possible tsunami events.
Del Valle Hog Farm energy integrated farm system: Phase 3, Demonstration: Final report
Berdoll, D.
The Energy Integrated Farm System located at the Del Valle Hog Farm has as its objectives the determination and demonstration of the technical and economical feasibility of methane production derived from the anaerobic digestion of swine manure and the reliability of this process as an alternate energy source for the production of fuel alcohol, electricity, and concentrated space heating. Manure from the 150 sow farrow-to-finish swine operation is used as the feedstock for the 4000 ft/sup 3/ anaerobic digestion system. The approximately 6000 ft/sup 3/ of methane-rich biogas produced daily is stored under pressure for ultimate usage throughout the integrated farm system. Large quantities of biogas are utilized directly for space heating of the farrow and nursery buildings. Additionally biogas is combusted in a motor generator for the production of electrical energy. The excess quantity of biogas produces the thermal energy necessary in the fuel alcohol facility for converting the starches in the feedstock grain sorghum into fermentable sugars and for concentrating the product alcohol through the distillation process. The fuel alcohol produced fuels for farm vehicles. A valuable by-product of the anaerobic digestion process, the digested inert and odorless sludge, is utilized as a fertilizer substitute and soil amendment on both coastal Bermuda grass and milo grain sorghum. Economic analyses performed on the various components of the integrated farm system illustrate fuel costs comparable with that of replacement fuels in 1984 dollars improving throughout the useful life of the particular energy component. 15 refs., 52 figs., 17 tabs.
The origin of groundwater composition in the Pampeano Aquifer underlying the Del Azul Creek basin, Argentina.
Zabala, M E; Manzano, M; Vives, L
The Pampean plain is the most productive region in Argentina. The Pampeano Aquifer beneath the Pampean plain is used mostly for drinking water. The study area is the sector of the Pampeano Aquifer underlying the Del Azul Creek basin, in Buenos Aires province. The main objective is to characterize the chemical and isotopic compositions of groundwater and their origin on a regional scale. The methodology used involved the identification and characterization of potential sources of solutes, the study of rain water and groundwater chemical and isotopic characteristics to deduce processes, the development of a hydrogeochemical conceptual model, and its validation by hydrogeochemical modelling with PHREEQC. Groundwater samples come mostly from a two-depth monitoring network of the "Dr. Eduardo J. Usunoff" Large Plains Hydrology Institute (IHLLA). Groundwater salinity increases from SW to NE, where groundwater is saline. In the upper basin groundwater is of the HCO3-Ca type, in the middle basin it is HCO3-Na, and in the lower basin it is ClSO4-NaCa and Cl-Na. The main processes incorporating solutes to groundwater during recharge in the upper basin are rain water evaporation, dissolution of CO2, calcite, dolomite, silica, and anorthite; cationic exchange with Na release and Ca and Mg uptake, and clay precipitation. The main processes modifying groundwater chemistry along horizontal flow at 30 m depth from the upper to the lower basin are cationic exchange, dissolution of silica and anorthite, and clay precipitation. The origin of salinity in the middle and lower basin is secular evaporation in a naturally endorheic area. In the upper and middle basins there is agricultural pollution. In the lower basin the main pollution source is human liquid and solid wastes. Vertical infiltration through the boreholes annular space during the yearly flooding stages is probably the pollution mechanism of the samples at 30 m depth. PMID:25747376
Resveratrol increases F508del-CFTR dependent salivary secretion in cystic fibrosis mice.
Dhooghe, Barbara; Bouckaert, Charlotte; Capron, Arnaud; Wallemacq, Pierre; Leal, Teresinha; Noel, Sabrina
Cystic fibrosis (CF) is a fatal genetic disease associated with widespread exocrine gland dysfunction. Studies have suggested activating effects of resveratrol, a naturally-occurring polyphenol compound with antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties, on CF transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) protein function. We assayed, in F508del-CFTR homozygous (CF) and in wild-type mice, the effect of resveratrol on salivary secretion in basal conditions, in response to inhibition by atropine (basal ?-adrenergic-dependent component) and to stimulation by isoprenaline (CFTR-dependent component). Both components of the salivary secretion were smaller in CF mice than in controls. Two hours after intraperitoneal administration of resveratrol (50?mg/kg) dissolved in DMSO, the compound was detected in salivary glands. As in both CF and in wild-type mice, DMSO alone increased the response to isoprenaline in males but not in females, the effect of resveratrol was only measured in females. In wild-type mice, isoprenaline increased secretion by more than half. In CF mice, resveratrol rescued the response to isoprenaline, eliciting a 2.5-fold increase of ?-adrenergic-stimulated secretion. We conclude that the salivary secretion assay is suitable to test DMSO-soluble CFTR modulators in female mice. We show that resveratrol applied in vivo to mice reaches salivary glands and increases ?-adrenergic secretion. Immunolabelling of CFTR in human bronchial epithelial cells suggests that the effect is associated with increased CFTR protein expression. Our data support the view that resveratrol is beneficial for treating CF. The salivary secretion assay has a potential application to test efficacy of novel CF therapies. PMID:26092868
Continued Rapid Uplift at Laguna del Maule Volcanic Field (Chile) from 2007 through 2014
NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)
Le Mevel, H.; Feigl, K. L.; Cordova, L.; DeMets, C.; Lundgren, P.
The current rate of uplift at Laguna del Maule (LdM) volcanic field in Chile is among the highest ever observed geodetically for a volcano that is not actively erupting. Using data from interferometric synthetic aperture radar (InSAR) and the Global Positioning System (GPS) recorded at five continuously operating stations, we measure the deformation field with dense sampling in time (1/day) and space (1/hectare). These data track the temporal evolution of the current unrest episode from its inception (sometime between 2004 and 2007) to vertical velocities faster than 200 mm/yr that continue through (at least) July 2014. Building on our previous work, we evaluate the temporal evolution by analyzing data from InSAR (ALOS, TerraSAR-X, TanDEM-X) and GPS [http://dx.doi.org/ 10.1093/gji/ggt438]. In addition, we consider InSAR data from (ERS, ENVISAT, COSMO-Skymed, and UAVSAR), as well as constraints from magneto-telluric (MT), seismic, and gravity surveys. The goal is to test the hypothesis that a recent magma intrusion is feeding a large, existing magma reservoir. What will happen next? To address this question, we analyze the temporal evolution of deformation at other large silicic systems such as Yellowstone, Long Valley, and Three Sisters, during well-studied episodes of unrest. We consider several parameterizations, including piecewise linear, parabolic, and Gaussian functions of time. By choosing the best-fitting model, we expect to constrain the time scales of such episodes and elucidate the processes driving them.
Neogene reef coral assemblages of the Bocas del Toro region, Panama: the rise of Acropora palmata
NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)
Klaus, J. S.; McNeill, D. F.; Budd, A. F.; Coates, A. G.
Temporal patterns are evaluated in Neogene reef coral assemblages from the Bocas del Toro Basin of Panama in order to understand how reef ecosystems respond to long-term environmental change. Analyses are based on a total of 1,702 zooxanthellate coral specimens collected from six coral-bearing units ranging in age from the earliest Late Miocene to the Early Pleistocene: (1) Valiente Formation (12-11 Ma), (2) Fish Hole Member of the Old Bank Formation (5.8-5.6 Ma), (3) La Gruta Member of the Isla Colon Formation (2.2-1.4 Ma), (4) Ground Creek Member of the Isla Colon Formation (2.2-1.4 Ma), (5) Mimitimbi Member of the Urrac√° Formation (1.2-0.8 Ma), and (6) Hill Point Member of the Urrac√° Formation (1.2-0.8 Ma). Over 100 coral species occur in the six units, with faunal assemblages ranging from less than 10% extant taxa (Valiente Formation) to over 85% extant taxa (Ground Creek Member). The collections provide new temporal constraints on the emergence of modern Caribbean reefs, with the La Gruta Member containing the earliest occurrence of large monospecific stands of the dominant Caribbean reef coral Acropora palmata, and the Urrac√° Formation containing the last fossil occurrences of 15 regionally extinct taxa. Canonical correspondence analysis of 41 Late Miocene to Recent reef coral assemblages from the Caribbean region suggests changes in community structure coincident with effective oceanic closure of the Central American Seaway (~3.5 Ma). These changes, including increased Acropora dominance, may have contributed to a protracted period of elevated extinction debt prior to the major peak in regional coral extinctions (~2-1 Ma).
Velocity structure and a seismic model for Nevado del Ruiz Volcano (Colombia)
NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)
LondoÒo, John M.; Sudo, Yasuaki
A seismic tomographic study was performed for Nevado del Ruiz Volcano (NRV) using more than 1500 high-quality local and regional. Three low P wave velocity (low- VP) and low S wave velocity (low- VS) zones were found; one low- VS zone at depths 2-4 km located beneath the volcano; a second low- VP and low- VS zone at depths 5-10 km located beneath the crater, elongated and dipping to the E-SE; and a third low- VP and low- VS zone at 10 to ò12 km farther to the east. These three low- VP and low- VS zones are believed to be the location of heat sources. A high-velocity zone for both P and S waves was found at shallow depths (0ò5 km) around the active crater. The upper part (0ò2 km depth) of the high- VP and high- VS zone was characterized by low- VP/ VS ratios (<1.68), while the deeper part (2ò10 km) had high- VP/ VS ratios (>1.80). The low- VP/ VS zone is correlated with a steam-dominated geothermal system. The high- VP/ VS is interpreted as an intrusive body of magmatic origin which includes partial melting zones associated with low- VS anomalies. A small low- VP zone in which long-period (LP) earthquakes were clustered was found to the southwest of the volcano. Based on the data obtained with the tomography in combination with seismicity, geochemistry, geology and gravimetry, we suggest a model for the seismic activity of NRV. Volcano-tectonic (VT) earthquakes that occur very often in swarm-like patterns located in several clusters around the volcano seem to be due to changes in stress produced by the passing of fluids and/or gas through many small cracks. A fault and a caldera-like structure separate the VT swarms located to the west of the volcano from the source of LP earthquakes.
Properties of a virus isolated from Vernonia amygdalina Del. in Lagos, Nigeria.
Taiwo, M A; Dijkstra, J
A previously uncharacterized virus tentatively named Vernonia green vein-banding virus (VGVBV) was isolated from Vernonia amygdalina Del. ("bitterleaf") from Lagos, Nigeria. The virus was mechanically transmissible but had a narrow host range restricted to Nicotiana benthamiana, Chenopodium quinoa and C. amaranticolor. It was also transmissible in a non-persistent manner by Myzus persicae. The virus was purified from N. benthamiana and about 750 nm long flexuous rod-shaped particles were observed in purified preparations as well as in leaf-dips of Vernonia sp. Inclusion bodies in the form of pinwheels and scrolls were observed in ultrathin sections of Vernonia leaves by electron microscopy. M(r), of the viral coat protein was estimated to be about 34 K. In indirect ELISA, all 20 samples from naturally infected Vernonia sp. reacted positively with a potyvirus-specific monoclonal antibody (MAb) as well as with an antiserum raised against VGVBV. Apart from the homologous antigen, the VGVBV antiserum reacted only with Plum poxvirus (PPV). The VGVBV reacted strongly with the antisera to Bean yellow mosaic virus (BYMV), Bean common mosaic virus (BCMV) and Amaranthus leaf mottle virus (AmLMV) but weakly with antisera to PPV and Cowpea aphid-borne mosaic virus (CABMV) (all members of the family Potyviridae, the genus Potyvirus) in at least one of the assays used (indirect ELISA, dot-blot immunoassay and Western blot analysis). The results of our host range, cytopathological and serological studies and the available literature indicate that a hitherto difficult to transmit VGVBV has only been reported from Nigeria. We consider VGVBV a candidate for a new potyvirus. This virus should be further investigated to collect sufficient data for a qualified proposal of VGVBV as a new potyvirus. PMID:15745049
A Bison. (probable Bison antiguus) distal humerus fragment was found within a Pleistocene colluvial deposit on a hillslope above Canada del Buey near White Rock, New Mexico. The Bison fossil is preserved within a buried soil with an inferred age of ca. 50-100 ka, based on soil properties and on stratigraphic position below a deposit of ca. 50-60 ka EI Cajete pumice. This represents the second oldest dated Bison in New Mexico, and one of the few occurrences of this genus in the northern mountains of the state. It is also only the second record of a Pleistocene vertebrate from Los Alamos County, and is a rare occurrence of a pre-25 ka Bison fossil in good stratigraphic context. Hillslopes in the study area are underlain by a sequence of truncated Pleistocene and Holocene soils that are inferred to represent colluvial deposition and soil formation followed by erosion in the mid Pleistocene (buried soil 'b3'), the late Pleistocene (buried soil 'b2'), and the mid-to-late Holocene (buried soil 'b1'). The surface soil is developed in depOSits that overlie 600-800 year-old Ancestral Puebloan sites. Colluvium is dominated by relatively fine-grained (fine to very fine sand) slopewash colluvium deposited by overland flow, but also includes rocky colluvium on hillslopes below mesas. The fine-grained colluvium is likely derived mainly from reworking of eolian deposits. Episodic colluvial deposition appears to, at least in part, accompany and follow episodic eolian events, with intervening periods dominated by erosion and the development of truncated soils.
Dynamics of a large, restless, rhyolitic magma system at Laguna del Maule, southern Andes, Chile
Singer, Brad S.; Andersen, Nathan L.; Le Mével, Hélène; Feigl, Kurt L.; DeMets, Charles; Tikoff, Basil; Thurber, Clifford H.; Jicha, Brian R.; Cardonna, Carlos; Córdova, Loreto; Gil, Fernando; Unsworth, Martyn J.; Williams-Jones, Glyn; Miller, Craig W.; Fierstein, Judith; Hildreth, Edward; Vazquez, Jorge A.
Explosive eruptions of large-volume rhyolitic magma systems are common in the geologic record and pose a major potential threat to society. Unlike other natural hazards, such as earthquakes and tsunamis, a large rhyolitic volcano may provide warning signs long before a caldera-forming eruption occurs. Yet, these signs—and what they imply about magma-crust dynamics—are not well known. This is because we have learned how these systems form, grow, and erupt mainly from the study of ash flow tuffs deposited tens to hundreds of thousands of years ago or more, or from the geophysical imaging of the unerupted portions of the reservoirs beneath the associated calderas. The Laguna del Maule Volcanic Field, Chile, includes an unusually large and recent concentration of silicic eruptions. Since 2007, the crust there has been inflating at an astonishing rate of at least 25 cm/yr. This unique opportunity to investigate the dynamics of a large rhyolitic system while magma migration, reservoir growth, and crustal deformation are actively under way is stimulating a new international collaboration. Findings thus far lead to the hypothesis that the silicic vents have tapped an extensive layer of crystal-poor, rhyolitic melt that began to form atop a magmatic mush zone that was established by ca. 20 ka with a renewed phase of rhyolite eruptions during the Holocene. Modeling of surface deformation, magnetotelluric data, and gravity changes suggest that magma is currently intruding at a depth of ~5 km. The next phase of this investigation seeks to enlarge the sets of geophysical and geochemical data and to use these observations in numerical models of system dynamics.
Roscovitine is a proteostasis regulator that corrects the trafficking defect of F508del-CFTR by a CDK-independent mechanism
Norez, C; Vandebrouck, C; Bertrand, J; Noel, S; Durieu, E; Oumata, N; Galons, H; Antigny, F; Chatelier, A; Bois, P; Meijer, L; Becq, F
Background and Purpose The most common mutation in cystic fibrosis (CF), F508del, causes defects in trafficking, channel gating and endocytosis of the CF transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) protein. Because CF is an orphan disease, therapeutic strategies aimed at improving mutant CFTR functions are needed to target the root cause of CF. Experimental Approach Human CF airway epithelial cells were treated with roscovitine 100 μM for 2 h before CFTR maturation, expression and activity were examined. The mechanism of action of roscovitine was explored by recording the effect of depleting endoplasmic reticulum (ER) Ca2+ on the F508del-CFTR/calnexin interaction and by measuring proteasome activity. Key Results Of the cyclin-dependent kinase (CDK) inhibitors investigated, roscovitine was found to restore the cell surface expression and defective channel function of F508del-CFTR in human CF airway epithelial cells. Neither olomoucine nor (S)-CR8, two very efficient CDK inhibitors, corrected F508del-CFTR trafficking demonstrating that the correcting effect of roscovitine was independent of CDK inhibition. Competition studies with inhibitors of the ER quality control (ERQC) indicated that roscovitine acts on the calnexin pathway and on the degradation machinery. Roscovitine was shown (i) to partially inhibit the interaction between F508del-CFTR and calnexin by depleting ER Ca2+ and (ii) to directly inhibit the proteasome activity in a Ca2+-independent manner. Conclusions and Implications Roscovitine is able to correct the defective function of F508del-CFTR by preventing the ability of the ERQC to interact with and degrade F508del-CFTR via two synergistic but CDK-independent mechanisms. Roscovitine has potential as a pharmacological therapy for CF. PMID:25065395
Meningococco B: controllo di due focolai epidemici mediante vaccinazione
Riassunto La problematica di un efficace approccio vaccinale nei confronti del Meningococco B (MenB) Ë stata superata identificando con la metodica della "reverse vaccinology" alcuni antigeni capaci di indurre una risposta verso la maggior parte dei ceppi di MenB circolanti nel mondo. Il nuovo vaccino MenB a 4 componenti (4CMenB) Ë stato autorizzato in Europa, Australia e Canada, ed Ë entrato nei calendari di immunizzazione pediatrica internazionali: Australia, Canada, UK. In Italia, le prime regioni che hanno raccomandato la vaccinazione contro il MenB sono state Basilicata e Puglia. La gestione di epidemie/focolai epidemici richiede la messa in atto di una risposta rapida da parte delle autoritý sanitarie nei confronti di una emergenza sanitaria ad elevato impatto, anche emotivo, sulla popolazione, come recentemente dimostrato in due universitý americane. Alla dichiarazione di focolaio epidemico in atto, in entrambi i contesti si Ë attivata una procedura per l'uso del vaccino 4CMenB non ancora autorizzato negli USA. » stato cosÏ possibile organizzare gli interventi di profilassi attiva nei due campus universitari, adottando il primo impiego su larga scala del nuovo vaccino 4CMenB e conseguendo, in tempi relativamente brevi, elevati tassi di copertura vaccinale. A fronte di circa 14000 studenti immunizzati con almeno una dose, non Ë stata segnalata alcuna problematica di eventi avversi conseguenti all'immunizzazione; ad oggi non si sono verificati casi nei soggetti che hanno ricevuto il vaccino. Come conseguenza dei due focolai descritti, Ë oggi in corso la valutazione da parte dell'FDA per l'estensione dell'uso del vaccino 4CMenB negli Stati Uniti negli adolescenti e giovani adulti. PMID:25916017
Toll-like receptor 2 (TLR) -196 to 174del polymorphism in gastro-duodenal diseases in Japanese population.
Tahara, Tomomitsu; Arisawa, Tomiyasu; Wang, Fangyu; Shibata, Tomoyuki; Nakamura, Masakatsu; Sakata, Mikijyu; Hirata, Ichiro; Nakano, Hiroshi
Toll-like receptors (TLRs) play important roles in the signaling of many pathogen-related molecules and endogenous proteins associated with immune activation. -196 to -174del polymorphism affects the TLR2 gene and alters its promoter activity. We investigated the influence of TLR2 -196 to -174del polymorphism on the risk of gastro-duodenal diseases, on the severity of Helicobacter pylori-induced gastritis in a Japanese population. The study was performed on 309 patients with abdominal discomfort and 146 healthy controls. -196 to -174del polymorphism of TLR2 was investigated by allele-specific polymerase chain reaction method in all of the subjects. Gastritis scores of antral gastric mucosa were assessed according to the updated Sydney system in H. pylori-positive subjects (n = 156). Patients with abdominal discomfort was consisted of 80 gastric ulcers (25.9%), 38 duodenal ulcers (12.3%), five gastric + duodenal ulcers (1.6%), 105 patients with gastritis (34.0%) and 81 normal healthy stomachs (26.2%). We did not find any association between TLR2 polymorphism and risk of gastric ulcer, duodenal ulcer, gastric and duodenal ulcer and gastritis compared to healthy controls. However, the TLR2-196 to -174ins allele was associated with severity of intestinal metaplasia in more than 60 years of ages (P = 0.02). The same allele also increased the risks of developing more severe gastric mucosal atrophy and intestinal metaplasia in female subjects (P < 0.05, P = 0.07 respectively). No association was observed between TLR2 polymorphism and severity of neutrophil and mononuclear cell infiltration. Our data suggest that the TLR2-196 to -174ins allele was associated with more severe intestinal metaplasia in patients older than was correlated with severity of gastric mucosal atrophy and intestinal metaplasia in female subjects. PMID:17934843
Combinación de Valores de Longitud del Día (LOD) según ventanas de frecuencia
NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)
Fern√°ndez, L. I.; Arias, E. F.; Gambis, D.
El concepto de solución combinada se sustenta en el hecho de que las diferentes series temporales de datos derivadas a partir de distintas técnicas de la Geodesia Espacial son muy disimiles entre si. Las principales diferencias, fácilmente detectables, entre las distintas series son: diferente intervalo de muestreo, extensión temporal y calidad. Los datos cubren un período reciente de 27 meses (julio 96-oct. 98). Se utilizaron estimaciones de la longitud del día (LOD) originadas en 10 centros operativos del IERS (International Earth Rotation Service) a partir de las técnicas GPS (Global Positioning System) y SLR (Satellite Laser Ranging). La serie temporal combinada así obtenida se comparó con la solución EOP (Parámetros de la Orientación Terrestre) combinada multi-técnica derivada por el IERS (C04). El comportamiento del ruido en LOD para todas las técnicas mostró ser dependiente de la frecuencia (Vondrak, 1998). Por esto, las series dato se dividieron en ventanas de frecuencia, luego de haberles removido bies y tendencias. Luego, se asignaron diferentes factores de peso a cada ventana discriminando por técnicas. Finalmente estas soluciones parcialmente combinadas se mezclaron para obtener la solución combinada final. Sabemos que la mejor solución combinada tendrá una precisión menor que la precisión de las series temporales de datos que la originaron. Aun así, la importancia de una serie combinada confiable de EOP, esto es, de una precisión aceptable y libre de sistematismos evidentes, radica en la necesidad de una base de datos EOP de referencia para el estudio de fenómenos geofísicos que motivan variaciones en la rotación terrestre.
p53 protein expression independently predicts outcome in patients with lower-risk myelodysplastic syndromes with del(5q)
Saft, Leonie; Karimi, Mohsen; Ghaderi, Mehran; Matolcsy, András; Mufti, Ghulam J.; Kulasekararaj, Austin; Göhring, Gudrun; Giagounidis, Aristoteles; Selleslag, Dominik; Muus, Petra; Sanz, Guillermo; Mittelman, Moshe; Bowen, David; Porwit, Anna; Fu, Tommy; Backstrom, Jay; Fenaux, Pierre; MacBeth, Kyle J.; Hellström-Lindberg, Eva
Del(5q) myelodysplastic syndromes defined by the International Prognostic Scoring System as low- or intermediate-1-risk (lower-risk) are considered to have an indolent course; however, recent data have identified a subgroup of these patients with more aggressive disease and poorer outcomes. Using deep sequencing technology, we previously demonstrated that 18% of patients with lower-risk del(5q) myelodysplastic syndromes carry TP53 mutated subclones rendering them at higher risk of progression. In this study, bone marrow biopsies from 85 patients treated with lenalidomide in the MDS-004 clinical trial were retrospectively assessed for p53 expression by immunohistochemistry in association with outcome. Strong p53 expression in 'â•1% of bone marrow progenitor cells, observed in 35% (30 of 85) of patients, was significantly associated with higher acute myeloid leukemia risk (P=0.0006), shorter overall survival (P=0.0175), and a lower cytogenetic response rate (P=0.009), but not with achievement or duration of 26-week transfusion independence response. In a multivariate analysis, p53-positive immunohistochemistry was the strongest independent predictor of transformation to acute myeloid leukemia (P=0.0035). Pyrosequencing analysis of laser-microdissected cells with strong p53 expression confirmed the TP53 mutation, whereas cells with moderate expression predominantly had wild-type p53. This study validates p53 immunohistochemistry as a strong and clinically useful predictive tool in patients with lower-risk del(5q) myelodysplastic syndromes. This study was based on data from the MDS 004 trial (clinicaltrials.gov identifier: NCT00179621). PMID:24682512
Depth Seismic-Migration Modeling Offshore `Tierra Del Fuego', Argentina (54∞ 25' S)
NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)
ComÌnguez, A. H.; Flores, J.; Tassone, A.
Within the framework of the TESAC Project (Tectonic Evolution of the South America-Scotia plate boundary during the Cenozoic), about 900 km of multichannel seismic reflection profiles were acquired off the Atlantic coast of the Tierra del Fuego Island. The profiles cut across the South America-Scotia plate boundary, a transform margin which traverses in an E-W direction the Island. Data processing and interpretation of a seismic reflection profile is presented in this contribution. A robust post-stack technique involved depth-migration of the seismic section, using an interval-velocity model of the upper Crust adjusted by iterative processing. An interpreted seismic- velocity section (which trends roughly NW-SE), shows a complex superposition of different tectonic structures, with presence of extensional, compressional and transtensional features in the area located to the north of Isla de los Estados. The profile, which crosses the offshore part of the Magallanes fold-and-thrust belt, images the deep structural framework of part of this tectonic province. The identification of acoustic fabrics and seismic discontinuities allowed us to recognize four main units. Overlaying the acoustic basement (Seismic unit 1), there is another unit (Seismic unit 2) which exhibits some reflector packages of high amplitude; this unit must be related to the volcanic and volcaniclastic sequences of TobÌfera/Lemaire Fms. The Seismic Unit 3 displays internal reflector configurations of moderate amplitude and continuity and low-to-moderate frequency; the Yagh·n/Beauvoir Fms must be the onshore equivalent of this unit. An uppermost seismic layer (Unit 4) may be correlated with the Tertiary sediments of the Magallanes foreland basin which were involved in the fold and thrust belt. A major structure identified in the studied seismic profile is a SE structural high (which involves the units 1, 2 and 3) and a NW down-faulted area. The latter display folds of kilometric size (3-4 km). Steeply dipping (mainly to the south) reverse faults cut through the folds. Some of these faults represent old extensional faults of the Middle- Mesozoic Rocas Verdes marginal basin rifting, which have been subsequently inverted by compressional stress fields. In addition, a noticeable flower fault system is recognized in the seismic profile, which involves both the sedimentary cover and the acoustic basement. This fault is interpreted as the result of shear stresses produced along the transcurrent South America-Scotia plate boundary.
Chronicles from the End of the Word: the Holocene climate variability in Tierra del Fuego
NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)
Waldmann, N.; Ariztegui, D.; Anselmetti, F.; Austin, J.; Moy, C.; Borromei, A.; Coronato, A.; Recasens, C.; Dunbar, R.; Martinez, M.; Olivera, D.
Latest advances in the chronology and environmental importance of Antarctic paleoclimate records point towards a larger heterogeneity than previously thought. Thus, realistic inter-hemispheric correlations rely in the development of a tight array of well constrained records with a dense latitudinal coverage. Climatic records from southernmost Patagonia are hence critical corner-stones to link these Antarctic paleoclimatic archives with their South American counterparts. At 55∞ S on the Island of Tierra del Fuego, Lago Fagnano is located in one of the most substantially and extensively glaciated regions of southernmost South America during the Late Pleistocene. This elongated lake is the largest (~110 km long) and southernmost non-ice covered water body in the world. Existing on-shore geomorphological reconstructions combined with new lacustrine subsurface data, allowed us to better constrain the magnitude and chronology of the Fagnano glacier fluctuations since the LGM. The former Fagnano glacier flowed eastwards from the Darwin Cordillera fed by more than 50 tributary glaciers. The glacier spread over the low ranges and lowlands through three different lobes and was drained by four main outwash basins directly into the Atlantic Ocean. During the maximum ice-expansion, the ice-covered area was ca. 4000 km2 with a maximum length of ca. 132 km. A set of submerged frontal moraines covered by lacustrine infilling identified in the seismic survey suggests occasional eastward re-advances of the paleo-glacier within the overall westward deglaciation pattern. These re-advances may correspond to cold events such as the Antarctic Cold Reversal (ACR), the Huelmo- Mascardi Cold Event (HMCE) and/or the Younger Dryas Chronozone (YDC). The ongoing development of a robust age model blended with a multi-proxy dataset will potentially clarify remaining controversial issues dealing with the geographical extension and chronology of these cold episodes during the last deglaciation. A multi-proxy study of selected cores retrieved from the deepest part of the lacustrine basin allows characterizing the Holocene sedimentary record. Detailed petrophysical, sedimentological and geochemical studies of a complete laminated sequence reveal fluctuations in major and trace elements, as well as total organic matter content and palynological data suggesting an apparent cyclicity. These results provide a unique dataset that can be compared with other marine and continental archives to improve our understanding of the forcing mechanisms behind climate change and to validate the outcome of existing ocean and atmospheric climatic models for the Southern Hemisphere.
Deformation Bands in an Exhumed Oil Reservoir, Corona del Mar, California, USA
NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)
Sample, J.; Woods, S.; Bender, E.; Loveall, M.
Deformation bands in coarse-grained sandstones are commonly narrow zones of reduced porosity that restrict migration of fluids. Deformation bands are known from core observations and outcrop studies, but we present for the first time results from an exhumed oil reservoir. The deformation bands occur in a poorly consolidated, oil-bearing sandstone of the Miocene Monterey Formation, within the active, right-slip Newport-Inglewood fault zone (NIFZ). The deformation bands crop out as resistant ribs and fins in a very coarse-grained sandstone comprising mainly quartz and feldspar detritus. Deformation bands strike 323∞, similar to the NIFZ, and dip variably (N = 113). There are three clusters of dips within the main set: 88NE, 60NE, and 47SW. A fourth cluster has an orientation of 353 ∞, 70W. Although the kinematic history is complex, steep bands generally are youngest. Deformation bands exhibit both normal and right-slip separations, but net slip was rarely possible to determine. The deformation bands are closely spaced. They formed by porosity reduction and locally cataclasis. Most deformation bands are oil-free, indicating formation before oil migration, and that they were barriers to flow. There are at least two modes of oil-bearing bands: 1) bands with oil in pore spaces; and 2) bands containing oil in small open pockets, especially lining the edges of bands. Case 1 suggests that porosity reduction did not completely preclude oil penetration or that at least some band formation occurred after oil migration. Case 2 is consistent with reactivation of bands as tensional features, perhaps late in the evolution of the reservoir. Other evidence for late-stage tensional deformation during oil migration includes the presence of young sandstone dikes and bitumen veins up to 7 cm in width lined with euhedral quartz. The relationships observed at Corona del Mar are generally consistent with deformation bands acting as barriers to flow, but clearly deformation bands can be reactivated as fluid conduits. This is probably due to differences in mechanical strength between bands and the surrounding sandstone matrix, focusing tensional failure at deformation band boundaries.
Deformation monitoring at Nevado del Ruiz, Colombia - October 1985 - March 1988
Banks, N.G.; Carvajal, C.; Mora, H.; Tryggvason, E.
Deformation studies began at Nevado del Ruiz 23 days before the devastating 13 November 1985 eruption, at least 12 months after precursory seismicity and fumarolic activity began. The late start in geodetic monitoring, limited number of stations in the pre-eruption network, and inconsistent patterns in the observed deformation limit conclusions about intrusive activity in the months and weeks prior to the eruption. However, the data require that the magma source of the devastating eruption was either deeper than 7 km or, if shallow, recovered the same volume and position within one week of the eruption. Geodetic monitoring resumed 1 week after the eruption and, by April 1986, included 11 tilt-leveling stations, 38 EDM lines, and 7 short leveling lines - a network capable of detecting emplacement or movement of magma volumes as small as 3 MCM (3 ?? 106 m3) to a depth of 2-3 km (using a point-source model), 10 MCM to 7 km, 50 MCM to 10 km, and 200 MCM to 15 km beneath Ruiz. In addition, 4 telemetered tiltmeters provided the capability of detecting, in real time, the fairly rapid ascent of much smaller magma bodies. Stations established to detect instability of the summit ice cap after the eruption were discontinued in early 1986. The data collected from the geodetic networks have higher than normal variance but demonstrate that little or no cumulative deformation of Ruiz occurred from October 1985 through March 1988. Thus, little, if any, magma intruded above 5 km beneath the summit during or after the 13 November 1985 eruption. This lack of significant intrusive activity agrees with the surprisingly low seismic energy release under Ruiz and makes direct degassing of a large batholith an improbable explanation of the large sulfur flux to date at Ruiz. Part of the variance in the geodetic data results from real but noncumulative deformation that may in part be pressure-buffered by a fairly large geothermal water-gas mixture for which abundant physical evidence exists. Part of the noncumulative deformation, some of the fairly dispersed and low-level seismicity under Ruiz, and some phreatic events appear to correlate with seasonal precipitation patterns. Hence rain/snow-loading and groundwater interaction may cause deformation events and possibly help trigger some phreatic explosions and seismic events at Ruiz and, as search of the literature reveals, at other volcanoes in metastable states. ?? 1990.
Land abandonment, fire recurrence and soil carbon content in the Macizo del Caroig, Eastern Spain
NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)
Cerd·, A.; Gonz·lez PeÒaloza, F.; SantÌn, C.; Doerr, S. H.
During the last 50 years two main forces have driven the fate of Mediterranean landscapes: land abandonment and forest fires (MacDonald et al., 2000; Moreira et al., 2001). Due to the economical changes suffered by the of the Mediterranean countries after the Second World War, the population migrated from the rural to the urban areas, and from South to North Europe. The land abandonment allowed the vegetation to recover and, as a consequence, an increase in forest fire took place. The soils of the abandoned land recovered the vegetation and litter layers, and consequently changes in soil properties have being found. One of these changes is the increase of soil carbon content, which is due both to vegetation recovery and to fire occurrence that increases the ash and pyrogenic carbon content in soils. Twenty plots were selected in the Macizo del Caroig in Eastern Spain on soils developed on limestone. The period of abandonment and the forest fires that had affected each plot were determined by interviews with the owners, farmers and shepherds. In addition, six (three + three) plots were selected as forest (no plough) and cultivated control plots. Each plot was sampled (10 random samples) and the organic carbon content determined. The results show that the cultivated plots have organic matter contents of 1.02 %, and the forest (Quercus ilex sp.) plots reach the highest value: 14.98 %. Within those we found values that range from 2.34 %, in the recently abandoned plots (10 year abandonment), to values of 8.23 % in the 50 year old abandoned fields.The results demonstrate that there is a recovery of the organic carbon in abandoned soils and that the forest fires do no affect this trend. The increase of soil organic matter after abandonment is a result of the recovery of vegetation(Debussche et al., 2001), which is the consequence of the end of the disturbance of forest that have affected the Mediterranean for millennia (Barbero et al., 1990). The colonization of the abandoned fields by the vegetation is very efficient (Ne'eman and Izhaki, 1996) and fire adapted species are the main types, which demonstrates that fire is part of the Mediterranean ecosystems (Pausas, 1999). The fire was not found here as a factor increasing the organic carbon in the abandoned soils, although it was found in a nearby area (Novara et al., 2011). This research confirms that the soil development in Mediterranean Type-Ecosystems (Cerdý et al., 2010) is being affected by land abandonment and fire (Doerr and Cerdý, 2005).
Upper Cretaceous molluscan record along a transect from Virden, New Mexico, to Del Rio, Texas
Cobban, W.A.; Hook, S.C.; McKinney, K.C.
Updated age assignments and new collections of molluscan fossils from lower Cenomanian through upper Campanian strata in Texas permit a much refined biostratigraphic correlation with the rocks of New Mexico and the Western Interior. Generic names of many Late Cretaceous ammonites and inoceramid bivalves from Texas are updated to permit this correlation. Strata correlated in the west-to-east transect include the lower Cenomanian Beartooth Quartzite and Sarten Sandstone of southwest New Mexico, and the Eagle Mountains Formation, Del Rio Clay, Buda Limestone, and. basal beds of the Chispa Summit, Ojinaga, and Boquillas Formations of the Texas-Mexico border area. Middle Cenomanian strata are lacking in southwestern New Mexico but are present in the lower parts of the Chispa Summit and Boquillas Formations in southwest Texas. Upper Cenomanian and lower Turonian rocks are present at many localities in New Mexico and Texas in the Mancos Shale and Chispa Summit, Ojinaga, and Boquillas Formations. Middle Turonian and younger rocks seem to be entirely nonmarine in southwestern New Mexico, but they are marine in the Rio Grande area in the Chispa. Summit, Ojinaga, and Boquillas Formations. The upper part of the Chispa Summit and Boquillas contain late Turonian fossils. Rocks of Coniacian and Santonian age are present high in the Chispa Summit, Ojinaga, and Boquillas Formations, and in the lower part of the Austin. The San Carlos, Aguja, Pen, and Austin Formations contain fossils of Campanian age. Fossils representing at least 38 Upper Cretaceous ammonite zones are present along the transect. Collections made in recent years in southwestern New Mexico and at Sierra de Cristo Rey just west of downtown El Paso, Texas, have been well treated and do not need revision. Taxonomic names and zonations published in the pre-1970 literature on the Rio Grande area of Texas have been updated. New fossil collections from the Big Bend National Park, Texas, allow for a much refined correlation in the central part of the transect in Texas. Middle Turonian-Campanian zonation in southwest Texas is based mainly on ammonites of the Family Collignoniceratidae, as opposed to the scaphitid and baculitid ammonites that are especially abundant farther north in the Western Interior.
Groundwater hydrodynamics of ancient fan deltas: The case of Sant LlorenÁ del Munt Massif (NE Spain)
NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)
AnglÈs, Marc; Folch, Albet; Oms, Oriol; Maestro, Eudald; Mas-Pla, Josep
Hydrogeological models based on well-exposed mountain massifs permitt to constrain the geological factors affecting water circulation and water-rock interaction. Our study adresses the question of how sudden lateral rock changes (sedimentologic facies evolution) affect hydrodinamics in the case of ancient fan deltas. A robust model for the Sant LlorenÁ del Munt massif (Eocene, Barcelona province) has been defined after the integration of geology (stratigraphy, sedimentology, mapping and integration of subsurface data) and groundwater hydrology (pumping tests, major ions hydrochemistry and environmental isotopes). Ten lito-hidrostratigraphic units have been recognized, which correspond to different sedimentary environments and have a distinctive response to water circulation and water-rock interaction. A remarkable point of this case study is that the size of the whole sedimentary system is considered, i.e. the lateral expansion of flow (lateral permeability barriers) is fully contrained. In terms of hydrogeology, hydraulic conductivity due to fracturing provide poor aquifers in 4 rock types. 5 hydrochemical groups have been established which allow explaining the evolution of the flow throughout the fan delta. Together with isotopic and stratigraphic data the main recharge areas have been determined. Flow dynamics throughout the system combines both surface runoff and subsurface flow. In proximal alluvial conglomerates, groundwater runs both vertically (fractures) and horizontally (fractured and karstified levels). Some features that are generally overlooked in hydrogeological studies (such as conglomerate petrology) are crucial for fracturation and karstic development. Laterally, conglomerates evolve to impermeable mudstones with sandstones (alluvial fan fringe). However, some conglomerates prograding locally reach distal (marine) sediments and recharge the fractured delta front sandstones aquifers that are also refilled by runoff waters. The end sediments (prodelta marls) provide an ultimate permeability barrier of the system. In general, lithologies arrangement due to past fluctuating distribution of sediments (sedimentary architecture) are crucial in the vertical and horizontal location of the aquifers levels. Interestingly, our study based on ancient rocks can also be applied to present day systems. Original sediments with important primary porosity are later better cemented (lithified) into indurated rocks and then more fracturated. So that, it indicates that in current and ancient fan deltas, better aquifers levels develop in the same strata independently of the transmisivity origin (primary porosity or fracturation).
Comprension de los conceptos de los enlaces ionico y covalente en estudiantes universitarios del primer curso de quimica general
NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)
Ballesteros Benavides, Maria Elvira
Para este trabajo utilizamos el estudio de casos cualitativo que se llevo a cabo en una universidad privada de Puerto Rico. Empleamos como unidad de analisis el concepto de enlace quimico, ionico y covalente. Los participantes fueron los estudiantes de la seccion nocturna del curso de Quimica General I. La investigacion se desarrollo por medio de dos entrevistas de persona a persona, observaciones de las expresiones no verbales y la hoja de identificacion de conceptos. Para la triangulacion tomamos en consideracion las preconcepciones erroneas, las concepciones alternativas y el mapa de conceptos de cada participante. Preparamos un mapa de conceptos para el enlace quimico validado por un comite de expertos. Tambien, elaboramos los mapas de conceptos de los participantes que sirvieron para varios propositos: conocer la estructura conceptual, expresar los logros, hacer comparaciones e identificar la presencia de concepciones alternativas. Entre los hallazgos encontramos que todos los participantes poseen conocimiento previo de los enlaces quimicos ionico y covalente y dentro de ese conocimiento existen preconcepciones erroneas mas numerosas para el enlace ionico. Al principio del semestre el 50% de los participantes demostraron tener "carencia fuerte de conceptos" tanto para el enlace ionico como para el covalente. Al finalizar el semestre encontramos en el 40% de los participantes concepciones alternativas tanto para el enlace ionico como para el covalente y el 90% no lograron distinguir un enlace del otro. Nuestras conclusiones fueron que los participantes sin distincion del aprovechamiento academico demostraron tener la tendencia de "carencia fuerte de conceptos" tanto para el enlace ionico como para el covalente, presentaron dificultad al integrar los conceptos de los enlaces quimicos ionico y covalente que se pusieron de manifiesto al dar los ejemplos. Las preconcepciones erroneas contribuyen en el desarrollo de las concepciones alternativas. Ademas, los participantes no lograron diferenciar los dos enlaces quimicos. Esto implica que reflexionemos sobre la necesidad de revisar tanto las competencias cognoscitivas como la forma de ensenar quimica en el salon de clase. Recomendamos indagar y dar importancia al conocimiento previo de los estudiantes, enfatizar la ensenanza de los conceptos y propiciar el aprendizaje con significado.
The novel GRN g.1159_1160delTG mutation is associated with behavioral variant frontotemporal dementia.
Calvi, Alberto; Cioffi, Sara M G; Caffarra, Paolo; Fenoglio, Chiara; Serpente, Maria; Pietroboni, Anna M; Arighi, Andrea; Ghezzi, Laura; Gardini, Simona; Scarpini, Elio; Galimberti, Daniela
Mutations in progranulin gene (GRN) are a common cause of autosomal dominant frontotemporal lobar degeneration and are associated with a wide phenotypic heterogeneity. Here, we describe two probands with behavioral variant frontotemporal dementia with a novel mutation in this gene (1159_1160delTG). Both had a positive family history for dementia and showed atypical features at imaging. Their progranulin plasma levels were undetectable, and the mutation was not present in cDNA, suggesting haploinsufficiency. Progranulin levels were low even in asymptomatic carriers of the variant. Results described enlarge current knowledge on genetic causes of the disease and clinical characteristics of carriers. PMID:25261445
Magnetostratigraphy of Venta del Moro: evidence for an Afro-Iberian land-bridge during the pre-evaporitic Messinian
NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)
Gibert, L.; Scott, G. R.; Montoya, P.; RuÌz S·nchez, F.; Morales, J.
The fossil site of Venta del Moro, Spain, has Western Europe's most complete vertebrate fauna for the latest Miocene. Its uniquely cosmopolitan assemblage is evidence of faunal dispersals from Africa and Asia towards Europe during the latest Miocene glaciation. Venta del Moro has 48 species of mammals including the oldest European camel (Paracamelus aguirrei) and the first appearance datum (FAD) in Europe for the murid Paraethomys meini. It is the type locality for 6 mammal species and has the type fauna of the local Ventian mammal age (within the Neogene mammal zone MN13). A preliminary paleomagnetic report suggested an age of 5.8Ma for this site. Here we describe an expanded magnetostratigraphic study placing this fauna at 6.21Ma, 3.5m above the basal boundary of magnetozone C3An.1n. We use the Astronomical Tuned Neogene Time Scale (ATNTS) to recalibrate the age of the North African site of Afoud-1 where European mammals have been discovered and the Iberian site Librilla (SIF61), which shares with Venta del Moro the genus Paracamelus and Paraethomys. Our results show a contemporaneous presence of European mammals in North Africa (Afoud-1, 6.21Ma) and of African immigrants in Iberia (Venta del Moro 6.21Ma and Librilla 6.19Ma). Latest Miocene tectonics generate the closure of the Betic marine corridor at 6.3Ma and the progressive restriction of the Rifian seaway until its total closure at 6Ma, triggering the onset of Messinian Salinity Crisis (MSC) at 5.96Ma. Our results suggest that at least an ephemeral land corridor existed between these two continents 250Ka before the onset of the MSC. This corridor occurred after the intensification of the latest Miocene glaciation at 6.26Ma that increased the restriction in Mediterranean sea water circulation and developed during an obliquity-induced glacio-eustatic sea level fall between 6.22-6.18Ma. This pre-evaporitic corridor acted as a filter bridge that allowed a limited exchange of immigrants, serving as a prelude of a new Afro-Iberian faunal dispersal that would follow during the desiccation of the Mediterranean Sea (5.59-5.3Ma).
A modern analog of past climatic impacts on denudation rates and sediment transport: The Del Medio fan, NW Argentina
NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)
Savi, S.; Schildgen, T. F.; Tofelde, S.; Wittmann, H.; Strecker, M. R.
The combined effects of tectonic and climatic forcing govern the evolution of landscapes, modifying erosional processes, changing river profiles, and ultimately impacting depositional systems. The complexity of the response, however, often means that we cannot predict a priori how a given landscape will react to climatic changes. The Del Medio catchment is located in the Humahuaca Basin, an intermontane valley of the Eastern Cordillera. This area coincides with a climatic divide between a sub-humid and a semi-arid environment. An extensive debris-flow fan sourced in the Del Medio catchment covers ca. 18.6 km2 of the lower basin. To investigate rates and timing of its evolution, we analyzed cosmogenic 10Be concentrations on large boulders from the fan surface, river sands and pebbles in 3 active channels, a depth profile, and bedrock exposed atop the drainage basin margins. Our CRN results illustrate the rapid rate at which the fan surface is subject to change, with each of the 16 analyzed boulder samples providing ages of < 400 years. The 15-m deep depth profile exposes three cycles of activity in the recent past. In addition, river sands record very high denudation rates (from several mm/yr to tens of mm/yr), despite bedrock denudation rates of < 0.04 mm/yr from most bedrock ridges. Interestingly, modern pebbles from tributaries with recent landslide activity consistently yield denudation rates that are faster than those from sands, while tributaries without landslide activity show the opposite pattern, documenting the importance of grain-size dependency for inferring the main mechanism of sediment transport within a catchment. Farther upstream in the more arid Humahuaca Basin, abandoned fluvial terrace sequences have been linked to wetter episodes during the late Quaternary. Within those fills, preliminary paleo-denudation rates reach values similar to those currently observed in the Del Medio catchment, while modern denudation rates from river sands are similar to the low rates observed from bedrock ridges. Taken together, these observations indicate that the Del Medio fan could be a modern analog of those older fill sequences, providing a unique opportunity to link present-day processes to those that were likely active in the past during wetter climate episodes.
Health assessment for RCA del Caribe, Inc. , Barceloneta, Puerto Rico, Region 2. CERCLIS No. PRD090370537. Preliminary report
Not Available
The RCA del Caribe site is listed on the National Priorities List. The 20-acre site is the former location of RCA's television screen etching mask production facility. Wastes generated were disposed of in four holding lagoons. The environmental contamination on-site consists of chromium (160 ppm), beryllium (6 ppm), selenium (9 ppm), and iron (23,100 ppm) in lagoon sediments. Based on the available information, the site is considered to be of potential public health concern because of the risk to human health caused by the possibility of exposure to hazardous substances via ground water.
Trail impacts and trail impact management related to ecotourism visitation at Torres del Paine National Park, Chile
Farrell, T.A.; Marion, J.L.
Ecotourism and protected area visitation in Central and South America are largely dependent upon a relatively undisturbed quality of natural resources. However, visitation may impact vegetation, soil, water and wildlife resources, and degrade visitor facilities such as recreation sites and trails. Findings are reported from trail impact research conducted at Torres del Paine National Park in Patagonia, Chile. The frequency and magnitude of selected trail impacts and the relative effect of the amount of use, vegetation type, trail position and trail grade are investigated. Findings differed from previous studies in that amount of use was significantly related to both trail width increases and trail erosion. Management actions to minimize trail impacts are offered.
[Eczema herpeticum in a patient with atopic dermatitis, carrying r501x and 2282del4 filaggrin null mutations].
ValdÈs-RodrÌguez, Rodrigo; Saavedra-AlanÌs, VÌctor M; Islas-Aguilar, Mario A; Torres-¡lvarez, Bertha
Eczema herpeticum is an acute dermatoses caused by herpes simplex virus type 1 in atopic dermatitis patients, and is considered a dermatology emergency. Eczema herpeticum occurs in less than 3% of atopic patients. We report a patient with a history of atopic dermatitis who presented to an emergency department with eczema herpeticum. He was admitted and treated with antiviral medications with good outcome. We investigated filaggrin null mutations in the patient and his family and correlate them with the severity of the disease. We present the first Mexican patient with eczema herpeticum, atopic dermatitis and the presence of R501 X and 2282del4 filaggrin null mutations. PMID:25946536
CONTAMINACIÓN AMBIENTAL, VARIABILIDAD CLIMÁTICA Y CAMBIO CLIMÁTICO: UNA REVISIÓN DEL IMPACTO EN LA SALUD DE LA POBLACIÓN PERUANA
Gonzales, Gustavo F.; Zevallos, Alisson; Gonzales-Castañeda, Cynthia; Nuñez, Denisse; Gastañaga, Carmen; Cabezas, César; Naeher, Luke; Levy, Karen; Steenland, Kyle
RESUMEN El presente artículo es una revisión sobre la contaminación del agua, el aire y el efecto del cambio climático en la salud de la población peruana. Uno de los principales contaminantes del aire es el material particulado menor de 2,5 μ (PM 2,5), en la ciudad de Lima, anualmente 2300 muertes prematuras son atribuibles a este contaminante. Otro problema es la contaminación del aire domiciliario por el uso de cocinas con combustible de biomasa, donde la exposición excesiva a PM 2,5 dentro de las casas es responsable de aproximadamente 3000 muertes prematuras anuales entre adultos, con otro número desconocido de muertes entre niños debido a infecciones respiratorias. La contaminación del agua tiene como principales causas los desagües vertidos directamente a los ríos, minerales (arsénico) de varias fuentes, y fallas de las plantas de tratamiento. En el Perú, el cambio climático puede impactar en la frecuencia y severidad del fenómeno de El Niño oscilación del sur (ENSO) que se ha asociado con un incremento en los casos de enfermedades como cólera, malaria y dengue. El cambio climático incrementa la temperatura y puede extender las áreas afectadas por enfermedades transmitidas por vectores, además de tener efecto en la disponibilidad del agua y en la contaminación del aire. En conclusión, el Perú, pasa por una transición de factores de riesgo ambientales, donde coexisten riesgos tradicionales y modernos, y persisten los problemas infecciosos y crónicos, algunos de los cuales se asocian con problemas de contaminación de agua y de aire. PMID:25418656