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Becoming a historic district - FAQ
The idea of having one's neighborhood being given a historic designation of some sort causes just about as much confusion as it does excitement (see History of Laurelhurst Historic District Designation).
This document attempts to provide factual answers to the questions that come up about this process.
If you see a question that you have some part of the answer to, please edit this document and provide what you know and a good reference to back you up (non-referenced responses run the risk of being removed).
If you have a question that you don't see listed here, please add it to the Open Questions list.
Answered Questions - General
All of my questions stetled-thanks!
What is the difference between what is happening now and the previous attempt to make Laurelhurst a historic district?
When the idea was considered previously, it was for local historic designation, and pursued officially by the LNA on behalf of what started out as an interested neighborhood. The current effort is for designation at a national level, and is being undertaken by a group of neighbors on their own without any kind of support from the LNA.
Who is working on bringing historic status to Laurelhurst?
Laurelhurst resident Peter Meijer, a member of the Portland Landmark Commission and organizer of September's presentation on what is entailed in becoming listed on the National Registry of Historic Places, indicated at that meeting that he is working with a group of about a dozen neigbhorood residents to investigate getting Laurelhurst listed on the National Registry.
Neighbors who have expressed an interest in assisting with the National Register Nomination process include: Peter Meijer, Jeff Soulage, Paddy McGuire, Sarah Waring, and others. If anyone else is interested, please contact Peter Meijer at 503.517.0283.
What kind of historic designation is being pursued on behalf of Laurelhurst?
Currently at least one group of Laurelhurst residents is working to have Laurelhurst listed on the National Register of Historic Places.
Can historic designation really be made by a small group of people without the consideration of the majority of the neighborhood?
Yes, but property owners do have the opportunity to voice their dissent and stop the listing. Anyone can start the process, complete the National Register nomination form, and submit it to the State Historic Preservation Office (SHPO) for consideration by the State Advisory Committee on Historic Preservation (SACHP). Property owners can register their dissent during the 45-day comment period held after the nomination is recieved by the Keeper of the National Register. If a majority of property owners in a district object by sending a notarized statement against listing to either the SHPO or to the Keeper of the National Register, the distrct will not be listed.
What kinds of historic designations are available for a neighborhood like Laurelhurst?
At the federal level, a neighborhood like Laurelhurst can be listed as a historic district on the National Register of Historic Places. Buildings can also be listed individually or as part of a Multiple Property Submission provided that they are historically important in their own right.
At the local level, "Historic District" and "Conservation District" options are available.
Would historic designation at any level freeze the property taxes for all houses in the neighborhood?
No. There is a program available at the State level that can freeze the ASSESSED VALUE for an individual contributing property for 15 years as an incentive for the property owner to make improvements to the property to enhance its historic nature.
This special assessment must be applied for individually for each property. There are fees and restrictions involved in obtaining this assement.
Does a historic district deplete taxes for public schools?
The nomination process and status of a National Register Historic District has no affect on local, state, or federal taxes. Subsequent to listing as a Historic District, an individual property Owner, at their own personal discretion, may choose to participate in the State of Oregon's Special Assessment program, if the property is eligible for the program.
The City has been asked (and is in the process of preparing) what percentage of homes in Ladd's Addition (the current Historic District most comparable to Laurelhurst) take advantage of the Special Assessment to provide insight into how many homes in Laurelhurst are likely to apply for the program.
From this document put out by the State, it appears as though 45 properties in Ladd's Addition are participating in the Special Assessment program. According to this list on PortlandMaps.com it appears that there are 656 properties in Ladd's Addition, which gives an opt-in rate for the program of about 6.9%.
Interestingly, according to the same PortlandMaps.com list, the average year that a contributing structure was built was about 1920 (1919.8 to be specific).
What is the Special Assessment that is available at the state level?
Oregon's Special Assessment of Historic Property Program, established in 1975, was the nation's first state-level historic preservation tax incentive. It "freezes" a property's assessed value for 15 years.
Basic program requirements are as follows:
- The building must be on the National Register of Historic Places, either individually or as a contributing building in a historic district.
- A preservation plan must be prepared that outlines substantial rehab work the building will undergo during the 15-year period.
- There is an application fee equal to 1/3 of 1% (0.0033) of the real market value.
- A four-hour public open house is required annually.
- An approved plaque must be installed on the building.
- State Historic Preservation Office (SHPO) approval is needed for exterior and interior work of any substance.
What happens if the tax rate goes down after a 15 year freeze is put in place?
The 15 year freeze applies to the assessed value of the property in question, and not to the actual taxes levied against it. So, if the tax rate goes down, that decrease would be applied to the frozen value of the house just as it would for any other property. The same is true if the tax rate goes up.
If the neighborhood achieves historic status, will I not be able to paint my house any color I want?
The only reason you would not be able to select your own paint color would be if the color of your house was specifically mentioned as part of the reason that your house contributed to the Laurelhurst's listing on the National Register, which is extremely unlikely for houses in Laurelhurst.
Who can I contact for more information?
For inquiries on the Nationl Register of Historic Places program, you can contact the following individuals at the Oregon State Historic Preservation Office:
Ian Johnson 503.986.0678 <email>firstname.lastname@example.com</email>
Cara Kaser 503.986.0784 <email>email@example.com</email>
For inquiries about the effects of being listed in the National Register in Portland, contact Liza Mickle 503-823-7666; <email>firstname.lastname@example.com</email>, or Nicholas Starin, 503-823-5837; <email>email@example.com</email>. The Bureau of Planning's website address is: http://www.portlandonline.com/planning.
Peter Meijer is a Laurelhurst resident who is investigating placing Laurelhurst on the National Register of Historic Places. He can be contacted at: <email>firstname.lastname@example.com</email>.
Inquiries appropriate for the LNA Board can be sent to Board president MJ Coe at <email>email@example.com</email>.
Answered Questions - National Program and Implications
Can the national process be halted?
Yes. A majority (more than 50%) of property owners must object with a notarized letter during the 45-day comment period following the nomination's submission to the Keeper of the National Register in order to stop a listing. If a property owner does not submit a notarized letter of dissent to either the Keeper of the National Register or the State Historic Preservation Office, he/she is counted as supporting the listing.
Each owner in a potential district has one "vote" regardless of how many properties or parts of properties that the individual owns. Multiple legal owners of a single piece of property get one vote each, regardless of the percentage of ownership. All property owners have the opportunity to submit a letter of dissent, regardless if their property is contributing or non-contributing to a district. Individuals with properties outside the proposed district boundaries cannot participate.
National Register Benefits and Restrictions; Spring 2007 and National Register Historic Districts; Spring 2007
What is the process of becoming listed as a historic district on the National Register?
The first step is to get a preliminary eligibility evaluation of the property from National Register staff. This step is optional.
A consultant completes a Reconnaissance Level Survey of each individual building within the potential historic district. This step is critical to determining if an area qualifies as a historic district and what the potential boundaries may be. This process can take several weeks to several months.
The next step is completion of the nomination form that physically describes the district and documents its significance. This process can take up to a year.
Submit complete nominations to the State Historic Preservation Office for review. Assuming that all goes well and the nomination is complete, it takes 3-6 months to complete the formal review process.
Technically complete nomination forms are then scheduled for review by a nine-member, governor-appointed State Advisory Committee on Historic Preservation (SACHP) that is responsible for reviewing and approving all nominations to the National Register. There are three meetings where a review can be conducted each year. Prior to the SACHP meeting, local historic preservation offices have an opportunity to comment on the nomination and the district's eligibility for the National Register of Historic Places.
The SACHP decides whether the district meets the National Register criteria and makes its recommendations to the State Historic Preservation Office accordingly.
Approved nominations are sent to The Keeper of the National Register of Historic Places in Washington, D.C., who decides whether to accept the nomination and list the property.
What are "contributing" and "non-contributing properties"?
These are designations used in conjunction with the National Register and are used to indicate which properties or other buildings, objects, structures, and sites in a potential historic district have sufficient age (50+ years) and integrity (historic appearance) to represent the historic period. Properties that retain their historic appearance are "contributing," and those that do not are "non-contributing." These determinations are made by a qualified professional consultant and verified by the State Historic Preservation Office.
If Laurelhurst is listed on the National Register, do I have to open my house up to visitors if I have a "contributing" property?
No. There is no obligation to admit the public to a listed property unless you have voluntarily agreed to do so as a condition of receiving federal, state, or local economic benefits.
Great thinking! That really brkeas the mold!
Wham bam thank you, ma'am, my qeustinos are answered!
What historical aspects are evaluted as part of a National Register application review?
Properties likely to meet the criteria of the National Register are at least 50 years old, are well preserved and distinctive examples of an architectural or engineering type or style. Also, the property may be associated with persons, events, or broad patterns in local, state, or national history.
For a historic district, landscape and streetscape features that are 50 years or older and that retain a high degree of historic character and integrity, and represent an important aspect of an area's history are prime candidates for nomination.
Answered Questions - Local Programs and Implications
What is a "Historic District" and "Conservation District" at the local level?
These are terms used by the City of Portland to designate special areas of the City that are significant only at the local or neighborhood level ("Conservation Districts"), or those areas that have broader historic significance ("Historic Districts").
Currently there is a requirement that 100% of property owners in a proposed district must consent to such a designation, which has effectively eliminated these local district options.
What are the LOCAL benefits and restrictions that come from being on the National Register of Historic Places?
The Portland Zoning Code provides incentives for properties with historic designation, including:
- Some land use flexibility (e.g. commercial uses in residential zones).
- This is unlikely to be seen as an incentive in Laurelhurst. Will it apply? Appears to be intended for existing non-residential structures (like churches).
- Laurelhurst is primarily zoned as a single-family residential area, so for most of the neighborhood the incentives would be limited accordingly. The most widely applicable incentive would be relaxed restrictions on conditional uses such as group living facilities and institutional uses such as schools and daycare. Note these incentives apply to contributing properties in historic districts and designated landmarks. See section 33.445.610 of the Portland Zoning Code for more details. Liza Mickle, City Planner
- This is unlikely to be seen as an incentive in Laurelhurst. Will it apply? Appears to be intended for existing non-residential structures (like churches).
- Exemption from certain requirements (e.g. minimum and maximun density).
- Would this ease pressure on increasing housing density in Laurelhurst, or ease the entrance of multi-family dwellings? Wording in the "Summary of Portland Historic Preservation Zoning Incentives" appears to support the latter case as well as the former.
- The incentive allowing additional density in single-dwelling zones is available to designated landmarks but not to contributing properties in historic districts. For that reason, it would have a limited impact in Laurelhurst. The exemption from minimum housing density requirements is intended mainly to allow historic properties in multi-dwelling zones to establish densities lower than existing requirements. This would not generally apply to Laurelhurst because most of the area is already zoned as a low density, single-dwelling area. Liza Mickle, City Planner
- Would this ease pressure on increasing housing density in Laurelhurst, or ease the entrance of multi-family dwellings? Wording in the "Summary of Portland Historic Preservation Zoning Incentives" appears to support the latter case as well as the former.
The Portland Building Code also provides incentives for historic properties, including:
- Relaxed seismic upgrade requirements.
- Is this likely to be relevant in Laurelhurst?
- This is not likely to be relevant in Laurelhurst. Seismic upgrade requirements generally apply to commercial buildings, unreinforced masonry buildings, and properties where there is a change in use or occupancy. For more information about these regulations, call or visit the Development Services Center at 1900 SW 4th Avenue, Suite 1500, 503-823-7526; www.portlandonline.com/bds. Liza Mickle, City Planner
- Is this likely to be relevant in Laurelhurst?
- Alternative Life/Fire-Safety soltions.
- Again, relevant to Laurelhurst?
- This is not likely to be relevant in Laurelhurst because it is generally a single-dwelling residential area. For more information about these regulations. For more information, call or visit the Development Services Center at 1900 SW 4th Avenue, Suite 1500, 503-823-7526; www.portlandonline.com/bds. Liza Mickle, City Planner
- Again, relevant to Laurelhurst?
Other incentives available include:
- Oregon Historic Speciall Assessment Program
- Federal Tax Credits (see the Federal benefits section of this document)
- State, Federal, and non-profit loans and grants.
Are the incentives available to all properties in a district, or just contributing properties?
- Agencies and organizations that provide loans and grants have different goals and limitations for the funds they distribute, so it is it's hard to generalize about all the possibilities. However, grants could potentially benefit all properties in a historic district – for example, by promoting historic preservation activities. Nonprofit loans, on the other hand, are typically not made to residential property owners so would be a limited option in an area like Laurelhurst. Liza Mickle, City Planner
All properties within a designated historic district are subject to Historic Design Review. This includes properties that are deemed "non-contributing" at the Federal level.
For all "contributing" properties in a historic district, a review is required before a building can be torn down. Called a "Demolition Review" (the similar "Demolition Delay Review" applies only to properties with local-level - that is, not on the National Register - status), it involves the advice of the Portland Historic Landmarks Commission, and a hearing of the City Council.
What triggers a "Historic Design Review" and what is the impact of one?
According to Title 33, the following proposals (relevant to Laurelhurst) in a Historic District are subject to Historic Design Review:
- Exterior alteration of a primary structure;
- Building a new structure;
- Non-standard improvements in the public right-of-way
Exemptions from Historic Design Review (relevant to Laurelhurst) include:
- Construction of a detached accessory structure with 300 squre feet or less of floor area when the accessory structure is at least 40 feat from a front property line;
- Changes that do not require a building, site, zoning, or sign permit from the City AND will not alter the exterior material or color of a resource HAVING EXTERIOR MATERIALS OR COLOR SPECIFICALLY LISTED IN THE NATIONAL REGISTER NOMINATION;
- Normal repair and maintenance (other than changing the facade color where such color is listed in the National Register nomination)
What kinds of things are looked for in a Historic Design Review of a non-contributing property? If it doesn't contribute, then why does it need review?
New construction and alterations to existing properties, whether contributing or noncontributing, all have the potential to affect the defined character of a historic district. For that reason, historic design review requirements apply to all properties. The criteria used in the review process address development issues such as architectural compatibility (for example, with adjacent properties and with the district as a whole) and concepts like size and massing that are relevant to all properties regardless of their designation. Liza Mickle, City Planner
In terms of the non-contributing properties, they are still reviewed according to the applicable guidelines for that district. The primary design issues to remodels of these properties are that the alterations be compatible with the existing building style, character and materials and that the building remain in scale with other buildings in the district and also maintain important patterns of the district, such as front facade setbacks, garage locations, etc. Granted these properties are not as significant as the contributing ones, but they are still reviewed as important examples of various building eras and of the evolving character of the district. Within a district, the same guidelines are applied to both the non-contributing and contributing resources. Nicholas Starin, City Planner
What is the difference between a Type II and a Type III Historic Design Review in terms of the review process?
The Type II procedure is administrative, with final decisions made by staff. The Type III procedure is longer and more involved, and it includes a hearing before the Portland Historic Landmarks Commission. For more information, call or visit the Development Services Center at 1900 SW 4th Avenue, Suite 1500, 503-823-7526; www.portlandonline.com/bds. Liza Mickle, City Planner
What Portland neighborhoods have national historic status?
The Oregon State Historic Preservation Office maintains a list of historic districs for the entire state.
In Portland, the following areas are listed on the National Register:
- Alphabet Historic District
- East Portland/Grand Avenue Historic District
- Kenton Commercial Historic District
- King's Hill Historic District
- Ladd's Addition Historic District
- Mount Tabor Park Reservoirs Historic District
- New Chinatown/Japantown Historic District
- Rocky Butte Scenic Drive Historic District
- Skidmore/Old Town Historic District
- South Portland Historic District
- Thirteenth Avenue Historic District
- Washington Park Reservoirs Historic District
- Yamhill Historic District
Umm, are you really just gvniig this info out for nothing?
Partially Answered Questions
Hasn't some of the work for a National Register nomination already been done the last time the neighborhood considered historic status?
Some work was done during the period between 1990 and 1994 to complete the requirements for a local historic district. Some of this work applies to a nomination to the National Register; however, the requirements for National Register-listing are quite different and significantly more work needs to be done. Much of the information in the original local historic district nomination must be updated before being submitted.
The group that is currently investigating a listing on the National Registry would probably have more information on this.
Open Questions
- Why would we want Laurelhurst to have a historic district status?
- Is there any real NEED to Laurelhurst to have a historic district status?
- Are there examples of things that we wouldn't have wanted to have happened that actually came about that would have been prevented if Laurelhurst had historic status?
- Are non-contributing properties elligible for the benefits of a National Register listing?
- Do the boundaries of a national historic district need to align with those of the neighborhood as it currently exists?
- How would historic status affect existing commercial properties in Laurelhurst?
- Would being on the National Register provide access to additional dollars to repair and preserve community features like the arches?
- Will being listed on the National Register prevent me from adding an additional floor to my house, or otherwise expanding my house in a major way? If so, is there a difference in what might be allowed between a contributing property and one that does not contribute?
- What percentage of properties in Ladd's addition (or other, similar nationally listed Historic District in Portland) have applied for the 15 year tax freeze? What would the effective impact on local tax-based resources be if a significant number of houses were to apply for (and receive) this freeze simultaneously in Laurelhurst?
- What is the process for objecting to National Register listing of a potential historic district like Laurelhurst? What specific (if any) information is required in such an objection?
- If a majority of property owners object to the listing of Laurelhurst, does that mean that any further action by the National Register to list it must stop?
- If a majority of property owners object to the listing of Laurelhurst, is it possible to get it listed at some future date? If so, how?
- What happens if a property is receiving a Special Assessment and property values plummet? Does the assessed value stay frozen at the same level?
- Will historic district listing of Laurelhurst interfere with homeowners' ability to install alternative energy or energy conservation systems at/on their homes? For example, will I be able to place solar photovoltaic panels on my roof?
- Will historic district listing of Laurelhurst have any impact on future traffic levels in Laurelhurst? For example, if the city in future wished to make Glisan or Stark a more major street to carry more traffic, would historic designation make any difference?


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Paul Garrison, the longtime manager of Frugal Muse Books, Music & Video who purchased the shop with his wife, Robyn, in June, is asking the public to donate money so the Garrisons can replace the broken outdoor illuminated sign and install new carpets. In an e-mail to customers, he wrote, "My wife Robyn and I recently purchased a wonderful used bookstore called Frugal Muse Books, Music & Video that has been at the heart of a small town called Darien, Illinois, for the past 14 years. But the physical property is badly in need of repairs and renovations: replacement of a broken illuminated outdoor sign, new carpeting, etc. We're doing a lot of the renovations ourselves, but we can't replace a lighted sign, lay down carpeting, etc., and we can't afford to either. Please help this locally owned neighborhood bookstore get a much-needed face lift, and thanks for your support!"
To donate, go to Indiegogo.com or visit Frugal Muse at Chestnut Court in Darien. The mailing address is 7511 Lemont Road, Suite #146, Darien, Illinois 60551.
Two of the seven locations for Barbara's Bookstore are in upscale shopping malls in the suburbs. [I mentioned the three Barbara's Bookstore locations in Chicago in "Chicago Independent Bookstore Day."] These are in west suburban Burr Ridge and north suburban Glenview.
Barbara's Burr Ridge is located at 10 Village Center Drive in the Burr Ridge Center Village in Burr Ridge, Illinois 60527. The phone number there is (630) 920-1500.
This is one of those new shopping malls designed to resemble a downtown. I recommend both the book and toy selection at this location.
Burr Ridge straddles the line between Cook County and DuPage County. The mall is in westernmost Cook County, just east of County Line Road.
The BookMarket is located at 2651 Navy Boulevard in The Glen Town Center at 1951 Tower Drive in Glenview, Illinois 60026. The phone number there is (847) 904-7304.
The Glen Town Center is also a shopping mall designed to resemble a downtown, complete with residential space, but it incorporates a control tower at its center to remind residents and visitors this was formerly U.S. Naval Air Station Glenview. Glenview is in northern Cook County.
This location offers a 15% discount (except on magazines and items already on sale) to current military personnel and former Glenview Naval Air Station personnel, as well as a 20% discount for teachers, educational administrators, and librarians. There is a 10% discount (except on magazines and items already on sale) for seniors on Tuesdays.


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- Focus and Scope
- Section Policies
- Publication Frequency
- Open Access Policy
- Archiving
- Becoming a Peer Reviewer
Focus and Scope
The International Journal of Qualitative Methods is the peer-reviewed interdisciplinary open access journal of the International Institute for Qualitative Methodology (IIQM) at the University of Alberta, Canada.
The journal was established in 2002 as an eclectic and international forum for papers reporting original methodological insights, study design innovations, and funded-project proposals using qualitative or mixed methods research that are useful to the global research community.
IJQM is now published by SAGE on behalf of IIQM. To access the Submission Guidelines and submit via SAGE please go to: http://www.sagepub.in/journals/Journal202499#tabview=manuscriptSubmission
Section Policies
|Open Submissions
|Peer Reviewed
Qualitative Study Protocols
|Open Submissions
|Peer Reviewed
Publication Frequency
The International Journal of Qualitative Methods is a peer reviewed journal published as an open annual volume (formerly quarterly), web-based journal by the International Institute for Qualitative Methodology at the University of Alberta, Canada, and its international affiliates.
Open Access Policy
This journal provides immediate open access to its content on the principle that making research freely available to the public supports a greater global exchange of knowledge.
This journal utilizes the LOCKSS system to create a distributed archiving system among participating libraries and permits those libraries to create permanent archives of the journal for purposes of preservation and restoration. More...
Becoming a Peer Reviewer
If you have expertise in qualitative research and would be interested in becoming a peer reviewer for IJQM, please send the following to firstname.lastname@example.com:
• A brief outline of your expertise and experience with qualitative methods
• A list of your reviewing interests/expertise (include methods, theories, populations, and disciplines, etc.)
• A CV or resumé
If you would like more information on being a good reviewer, go to: http://pkpschool.sfu.ca/becoming-a-reviewer/


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CLAIM: Kelsey Grammer and New Bride Kayte Walsh "Already Fighting"
"Kelsey Grammer and Fourth Wife Already Fighting?" reads the headline of a piece on PopEater, which goes on to claim that Grammer and his new bride, Kayte Walsh, have "already stumbled upon their first rift – and it involves about 2,800 miles and an ex-wife."
The site reports that "an insider" reveals, "Kelsey wants to move back to LA to be near his daughters and start working on a new TV project with Starz… But Kayte would rather stay in New York where she has close friends and is far, far away from [his ex-wife] Camille."
"Someone is making up s**t," Grammer's rep tells Gossip Cop, adding that far from moving back to L.A., the couple "just bought a place in New York," and Grammer begins filming next month in Chicago.
Grammer and Walsh tied the knot 10 days ago in New York.
Follow @GossipCop on Twitter for accurate celebrity news!
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Lung Cancer Health Center
Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer Treatment (PDQ®): Treatment - Health Professional Information [NCI] - Stages IIA and IIB NSCLC Treatment
- General Information About Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer (NSCLC)
- Cellular Classification of NSCLC
- Stage Information for NSCLC
- Treatment Option Overview for NSCLC
- Occult NSCLC Treatment
- Stage 0 NSCLC Treatment
- Stages IA and IB NSCLC Treatment
- Stages IIA and IIB NSCLC Treatment
- Stage IIIA NSCLC Treatment
- Stage IIIB NSCLC Treatment
- Stage IV NSCLC Treatment
- Recurrent NSCLC Treatment
- Changes to This Summary (08 / 06 / 2014)
- About This PDQ Summary
- Get More Information From NCI
Evidence (adjuvant radiation therapy):
- A meta-analysis, based on the results of ten randomized controlled trials and 2,232 individuals, reported the following:[5]
- An 18% relative increase in the risk of death for patients who received PORT compared with surgery alone (HR, 1.18; P = .002). This is equivalent to an absolute detriment of 6% at 2 years (95% CI, 2%-9%), reducing OS from 58% to 52%. Exploratory subgroup analyses suggested that this detrimental effect was most pronounced for patients with stage I/II, N0-N1 disease, whereas for patients with stage III, N2 disease there was no clear evidence of an adverse effect.
- Results for local (HR, 1.13; P = .02), distant (HR, 1.14; P = .02), and overall (HR, 1.10; P = .06) recurrence-free survival similarly showed a detriment of PORT.[5][Level of evidence: 1iiA]
Further analysis is needed to determine whether these outcomes can potentially be modified with technical improvements, better definitions of target volumes, and limitation of cardiac volume in the radiation portals.
Adjuvant chemotherapy
The preponderance of evidence indicates that postoperative cisplatin combination chemotherapy provides a significant survival advantage to patients with resected stage II NSCLC. Preoperative chemotherapy may also provide survival benefit. The optimal sequence of surgery and chemotherapy and the benefits and risks of postoperative radiation therapy in patients with resectable NSCLC remain to be determined.
After surgery, many patients develop regional or distant metastases.[6] Several randomized, controlled trials and meta-analyses have evaluated the use of postoperative chemotherapy in patients with stage I, II, and IIIA NSCLC.[7,8,9,10,11,12,13]
Evidence (adjuvant chemotherapy):
- Data on individual patient outcomes were collected and pooled into a meta-analysis from the five largest trials (4,584 patients) that were conducted after 1995 of cisplatin-based chemotherapy in patients with completely resected NSCLC.[9]
- With a median follow-up time of 5.2 years, the overall HR of death was 0.89 (95% CI, 0.82-0.96; P = .005), corresponding to a 5-year absolute benefit of 5.4% from chemotherapy.
- The benefit varied with stage (test for trend, P = .04; HR for stage IA, 1.40; 95% CI, 0.95-2.06; HR for stage IB, 0.93; 95% CI, 0.78-1.10; HR for stage II, 0.83; 95% CI, 0.73-0.95; and HR for stage III, 0.83; 95% CI, 0.72-0.94).
- The effect of chemotherapy did not vary significantly (test for interaction, P = .11) with the associated drugs, including vinorelbine (HR, 0.80; 95% CI, 0.70-0.91), etoposide or vinca alkaloid (HR, 0.92; 95% CI, 0.80-1.07), or other drugs (HR, 0.97; 95% CI, 0.84-1.13).
- The greater effect on survival observed with the doublet of cisplatin plus vinorelbine compared with other regimens should be interpreted cautiously as the total dose of cisplatin received was significantly higher in patients treated with vinorelbine.
- The meta-analysis as well as the individual studies [7,14] support the administration of postoperative cisplatin-based chemotherapy in combination with vinorelbine.
- The LACE pooled analysis (NCT00576914), ANITA trial, and NCIC-CTG JBR.10 trial (NCT00002583) all reported superior OS for the trial population as well as for the patients with stage II disease (pooled HR, 0.83; 95% CI, 0.73-0.95; HR, 0.71; 95% CI, 0.49-1.03; HR, 0.59; 95% CI, 0.42-0.85, respectively).
- Chemotherapy effect was higher in patients with better performance status (PS).
- There was no interaction between chemotherapy effect and any of the following:
- Sex.
- Age.
- Histology.
- Type of surgery.
- Planned radiation therapy.
- Planned total dose of cisplatin.
- In a retrospective analysis of a phase III trial of postoperative cisplatin and vinorelbine, patients older than 65 years were found to benefit from treatment.[15]
- Chemotherapy significantly prolonged OS for elderly patients (HR, 0.61; 95% CI, 0.38-0.98; P = .04).
- There were no significant differences in toxic effects, hospitalization, or treatment-related death by age group, although elderly patients received less treatment.[15]
- Several other randomized controlled trials and meta-analyses have evaluated the use of postoperative chemotherapy in patients with stage I, II, and IIIA NSCLC.[7,8,9,10,11,12,13]


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Don't toss those eggshells in the trash!
Care2 says "A normal person looks at an egg and thinks "omelet" or "frittata." A gardener (especially one who tends to be on the obsessive end of the spectrum) looks at an egg and thinks "yes! Eggshells!"
Watch the video on How To Start Seeds With Eggshells.
Here's what the Care2 site suggests:
Five ways to use eggshells in your garden
1. Augment your soil by adding crushed eggshells to the bottom of plant holes along with a little compost, especially for tomatoes, peppers, and eggplant. These harvests are susceptible to blossom end rot, which is caused by calcium insufficiency. While this scarcity is most often caused by incorrect watering, there's no detriment in making sure your organic garden plant has a steady diet of calcium. As the eggshells break down, they'll feed the soil, and your plant.
2. When starting plants from seed use eggshells as pots. Then plant the seedling, organic "pot" and all, into the garden. Watch the video above on How To Start Seeds With Eggshells.
3. Use crushed eggshells for an organic solution to deter slugs, snails, and cutworms. These garden pests are a real agony in the organic gardener's collar, and cutworms are the worst, killing seedlings by cutting the stems at soil level. All three of these plant pests have soft undersides, and dislike slithering across anything sharp around a plant. Crushed eggshells, applied to the soil's surface, may help deter these garden plant pests the organic way.
4. Toss a few eggshells into the compost pile. If you aren't planting tomatoes in your garden or trying to deter slugs, add the eggshells to your compost pile, where they'll add calcium to your finished compost.
5. Crush up the eggshells if you are feeding birds in your yard, and add them to a saucer near the bird feeder. Female birds, in particular those getting ready to lay eggs or recently ended laying, need extra calcium and will absolutely thank you!
Regardless of how you want to use them, be sure to rinse the shells out well before using them in the garden. Nobody likes the smell of rotten eggs… even if it comes from a compost pile.
Source: care2


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Posts Tagged 'wooden fencing'
How To Maintain your Wooden Fencing
Installing wooden fencing around your lawn, garden or property not only adds a decorative appeal that many find attractive but also adds value to your property. However, wooden fencing may soon lose its beautiful appearance if you do not preserve it with special care and maintenance. With wooden fencing, it benefits most from routine scraping, painting and sealing. You must plan for this at least once every year when taking into consideration the cost for new wooden fencing.
It is obvious that if you can carry out the work yourself instead of hiring the services of a professional to do it, you will save a significant amount of money. While maintaining your fence, you need to consider the time you need to put in to take care of your fence. Furthermore, you also need to include the cost of supplies such as the paint or sealant products as well as the equipment required to carry out the work. You can find these at a local home improvement store.
Firstly, you must inspect your wooden fencing once every couple of months for peeling, breakage, splintering or mold. Insect nests such as wasp nests or bee nests are also another potential problem along with knotholes. If you intend to treat the nesting areas, do so in a humane manner. If not, you may wish to leave these areas alone and focus on areas where actual damage to the wood has taken place. Keep an eye out for signs of termite infestation and contact an exterminator if necessary. You must make sure you deal with pest problems before it is too late and they get out of hand, otherwise you would end up paying a lot for pest control.
Determined by the styles or types of wooden fencing, you may have to sand off the rough edges or get rid of protruding fragments that could lead to breakage and splintering of the wooden fencing, particularly if you have small children who are likely to play close to the wooden fencing. Painted wooden fencing should be re-painted every year or two. You may have to get rid of shavings and flakes in order to get a smooth finish before the touch up. You should also seal the wooden fencing with a product that will provide protection to the wooden fencing and preserve it. There are a number of such products available on the market, so check with your local home improvement store for details on what product to buy and how to use them.
- wooden fence
- wood fence
- wooden fencing
- wood fencing
- wooden fence panels
- how to maintain fencing gear


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TV: Simon's preview
by Stuart Vose
Keeper looks ahead to this weekend's big game.
Simon Mignolet has caught up with SAFC TV ahead of this weekend's action.
The keeper looks back on the defeat to QPR and ahead to Sunday's game against Norwich.
Log on to SAFC TV to watch the five-minute interview in full now.


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Women over 30, with children, should make every effort possible to have a Girl's Night Out at least once a month. Words cannot express how much a simple night out with friends can rejuvenate the body, mind, and soul.
If time is a factor, squeeze in a quick happy hour at Chickie and Pete's. If you're up for something right away and a bit more elaborate, take advantage of Atlantic City Restaurant Week, which runs until March 6th. With tons of restaurants participating you can enjoy your friends' company over dinner for only $33.10 per person. Cap the evening off by heading to any of the numerous clubs in the casinos for some stress relieving dancing!
It is absolutely amazing what a couple hours of catching up and laughter can do for you. It's almost as if you refuel for the next couple of weeks. You'll know instantly when your next outing is due by the desperate need you'll feel to get out of the house again! When that urge strikes don't wait too long to act, as you may become complacent and entirely too much time will pass.
Whether big or small, or even in someone's living room, these outings are essential to survival as we get older. In order to properly love your significant other and be the best mom that you can be it is crucial that you take time for yourself to laugh and play with friends. Your spirit will be lifted and energized which will help you focus on the various tasks at hand.
If it makes it easier, why not set a specific day each month aside as the "stick to date"? For instance, how about the first Saturday of each month? In between the activities you have penciled in for your children it should be very easy to simply write yourself in on that one day!
These outings can be considered your first step to a full-blown Girl's Weekend Getaway! Baby steps, and before you know it you'll be packing a suitcase and leaving all your cares behind for one glorious weekend per year. Stay tuned for more on the ridiculous advantages to that adventure....
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Welcome to the best little yarn shop in the southwest, located in the center of the Historic Arts and Culture District of an old mining town, Silver City. The motherlode of sensual colors, textures and fibers in a most unexpected place! Suzi or one of her knowledgeable staff will be happy to assist you in choosing yarns, patterns and needles for your next project.
We are also delighted to help you troubleshoot any problems you're having with a current project! There are usually knitters and spinners sitting around the community table in the back and you are welcome to "sit and knit a spell".


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Shapeways: Bring your creativity to life in 3D http://www.shapeways.com/forum/index.php Shapeways: Bring your creativity to life in 3D Engineer+modeler for hire http://www.shapeways.com/forum/index.php?t=rview&goto=63249&th=13147#msg_63249 <![CDATA[I'm an engineer in my day job and do mechanical design. I am relatively new to 3D printing, but I have 11 years of engineering experience. I also do more artistic things at home as my hobby. With Shapeways, so far I have designed rings, pendants, and charms. I've also designed a vase and a picture frame. Cost really depends on the complexity of the project and how many pieces you plan to purchase. What can I design for you?]]> dfoley75 2013-03-05T03:37:36-00:00 Re: Engineer+modeler for hire http://www.shapeways.com/forum/index.php?t=rview&goto=63672&th=13147#msg_63672 <![CDATA[Hi,
 I have a simple idea for a new utensil .
 I need help in the design and the prep work needed for an estamate.
 Todd
 ]]> disner 2013-03-09T17:11:49-00:00 Re: Engineer+modeler for hire http://www.shapeways.com/forum/index.php?t=rview&goto=63684&th=13147#msg_63684 <![CDATA[I'm interested in learning more. Can you PM me some details of what you have in mind?

 Thanks,

 -Dan]]> dfoley75 2013-03-09T19:52:21-00:00


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