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WhiskyViking wrote:Normal bottles go straight into the recycling bin, but I keep the corks for use if a cork breaks on another bottle.
Smaller bottles (35cl, 20cl and such) are kept for pouring samples into. Also used when the level in the normal bottles get low (pour the whisky into the smaller bottles to hinder too much oxidation).
Welcome to the Forums WhiskyViking!!


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Chaco Tortoise
The Chaco tortoise is a native of the chaco regions of Argentina and Paraguay. Their habitat is dry, desert scrubland, savannas, thorn and scrub bush and deciduous woodlands.
Bell's Hingeback Tortoise
Hingeback tortoises are relatively small tortoises that live throughout sub-saharan Africa. There are many different species of hingeback turtles. They are often caught in the wild and offered in pet shops. They get their name from their distinctive shell.
Red-foot Tortoise
A close relative of the yellow-foot tortoise, the red-foot is found in tropical South America, including some of the Caribbean Islands. The shells often have the tapering that gives the appearance of a waistline or an hourglass when viewed from above. Adult males average length is 13.25 inches.
Yellow-foot Tortoise
The yellow-foot and his cousin have some interesting tastes in food. They include: carrion, snails ants and termites, mushrooms, sand, soil, and tortoise feces. Due to major slash and burn projects in the jungles, these tortoises are venturing out into the grasslands.
African Spurred Tortoise
Their home range is the hottest, driest areas in Africa; a band across most of the continent south of the Sahara Desert. Some of these areas may not get rainfall for years. They dig and live in burrows that can be over 20 feet long. These are the third largest tortoises in the world.
Egyptian Tortoise
The Egyptian tortoise is the smallest species of tortoise inhabiting the northern hemisphere. It has a habitat limited to a narrow range of coastal desert in the southeastern Mediterranean Basin from Libya to Israel. They never venture further than 45 miles inland. Typically they use rodent burrows for shelter but they do not excavate their own.

subset: commoncrawl


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|Champion stammbaum:
|11 Wochen
|Eltern sind Champion:
|Anmerkungen des Züchters:
|most active
|Champion stammbaum:
|11 Wochen
|Eltern sind Champion:
|Anmerkungen des Züchters:
|most playful
The Shiba Inu is an alert, lively and bold dog. It is independent, but affectionate and loving. It is kind, trainable and clean. It is easy to housebreak because it is naturally fastidious. The Shiba Inu is confident, fearless and courageous. It makes a good companion to children. Its charming, open, playful and agile nature is very desirable in a dog. It needs a firm, consistent handler.
The Shiba Inu is an undemanding dog that will adapt to your circumstances. However it is a very active dog and will be healthier and happier with regular exercise. It has tremendous endurance and can walk for hours on end. With the Shiba Inu, you get a great companion for your children, a loyal and affectionate pet for the whole family to love and pamper and one that will also watch over your home.
The regulations of each country regarding the transportation of live animals varies greatly. However, our 10 years experience of shipping dogs to over 80 countries makes us your best option to have your dog shipped. We fully comply with the regulations of each destination and make our dog's well-being the number one priority at all times. Our dogs get food and water during their travel and their crates are cleaned in an animal holding facility. They travel in a climate controlled room on the airplane, which insures that they are effected by the journey as little as possible.
You will find our service to provide great value for money, as our prices include:
You get the all this, plus a fury little thing you'll love for life.
Airlines have strict regulations regarding the dimensions and quality of the crates allowed on board. The crate must be escape and leak-proof. It must be ventilated on at least two sides and must provide enough room for the dog to stand up and turn around. We make sure to provide the right crate ($75 value) for your puppy at no extra cost.
Our own veterinarian examines every puppy carefully before departure to make sure he or she is healthy and has no genetic or congenital disorders. Among others we check:
In addition, the official, on duty veterinarian at the airport checks each dog to make sure it is healthy and fit to travel. This is how all of our puppies are double checked before they travel.


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Where to Stay
Frankfurt offers many hotels for all types of travelers. The most convenient ones, but pricier, are located downtown. From the center of town you are able to get to the airport within 20 minutes, or the convention center is only 10 minutes northwest of the center. The central location allows you to enjoy the evening happenings all within a safe, walkable area. Hotels to consider are the Jumeirah, the Steigenberger Frankfurter Hof or Flemings Deluxe. All 3 have comfort in mind and it shows. The Hauptwache train station is the downtown stop to reach most every hotel.
Taking a taxi; you can walk to everything from these hotels.
Go to Flemings rooftop terrace for some of the best views of the city and have a relaxing drink.


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Hach Announces New Sensor Technologies
Hach Company Flow Meter Products & Services has announced that the Hach FL900 Series flow meter family now includes an extensive selection of sensor technologies that accurately and efficiently solve sewer flow monitoring challenges.
Hach Announces New Water Analysis Kit for Hydraulic Fracturing
Hach Co. has announced the new Hydraulic Fracturing Water Analysis Kit. Offering onsite results in an easy-to-use, rugged, portable case, the kit covers key parameters critical to water analysis in oil and gas applications, including source water, fracturing fluid, flowback water, produced water, drilling fluids and enhanced oil recovery.


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How to Make a Balloon Butterfly (or Dragonfly)
Making a balloon butterfly takes one and a half balloons and a dragonfly takes two balloons. This is great for parties because it is quick and little girls love butterflies and boys often enjoy the dragonfly. You can also include the insects in a hat for children to wear. The following will show a few simple steps on how to make a butterfly and a butterfly hat and the variations for the dragonfly.
What You Will Need
2 Twisty Balloons of different colors
Air Pump
How to Make the Butterfly Wings
Step 1: Blow up the first balloon nearly all the way leaving only a small tip to use for tying.
Step 2: Tie the ends together (click here to learn how to tie a balloon).
Step 3: The balloon is in the shape of a circle. Push the knot towards the center of the other side of the circle creating two smaller ovals (same steps as in the balloon flower except you will twist off center).
Step 4: Bend the ovals together and grip slightly to the right of center to keep all parts together.
Step 5: Twist the balloons together to make the wings.
NOTE: Holding the balloon slightly off center in Step 4 will give the butterfly wings its shape of the larger portions on the top and the smaller portions on the bottom of the wings.
Step 6: Straighten out the wings (continue to Step 7a if you are making a butterfly or skip to Step 7b if you are making a hat) .
How to Make the Butterfly Body
Step 7a: Take a twisty balloon and only fill a small portion (about 6 inches) full of air.
NOTE: To make the body of the dragonfly, fill the second balloon over half way with air to make the body longer.
Step 8a: Tie of the portion with air and cut or break off the unused portion (unused part of the balloon can be used for a later project).
Step 9a: Secure the body of the butterfly in the middle section on the wings.
Now you have a completed balloon butterfly or dragonfly!
How to Make a Butterfly Balloon Hat
To make a butterfly balloon hat, follow Steps 1 through 6 above. Then do the following:
Step 7b: Blow the second balloon up all the way to create the hat.
Step 8b: Measure the circumference of the child's head and twist the balloon at that point creating a circle with a long body sticking out.
Step 9b: Attach the butterfly wings to the body on the hat towards the top of the body.
NOTE: To make the dragonfly hat, simply attach the wings lower on the body of the hat to make the body appear longer.
Now you have a completed balloon butterfly or dragonfly hat. Be ready, if you make one butterfly hat at a party for little girls, soon they will all be asking for one!
We hope you enjoy this basic balloon animal my daughter invented. It is a quick and easy project for the beginner balloon artist! Let us know what you think about this project and if it was helpful. We would love to hear from you.


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Musings on publications and studies relevant to EM & otherwise.
Friday, July 11, 2014
End-Tidal CO2 Monitoring Unhelpful in Sedation
This trial, in which sedation was performed by nurses in an outpatient gynecology setting in the Netherlands, describes 427 patients randomized either to capnography or "routine monitoring". Supplemental oxygen was not used in this setting, as these practioners considered it to obscure the additive value of pulse oximetry. Essentially by definition, all patients were female, and the median age was 24 with few co-morbidities.
Overall, 25.7% of patients in the capnography group developed hypoxemic episodes versus 24.9% of patients in the control group. There were also no differences in numbers of patients with profound hypoxemia (<81%) or prolonged hypoxemia (>60 seconds), although patients with hypoxemia in the capnography group had more frequent prolonged episodes than the control group (14.0% vs. 3.7%). Likely as a result, patients in the capnography group underwent airway positioning maneuvers more frequently (49.5% vs. 32.1%).
It's a stretch to say this is information is generalizable to Emergency Department sedation. It is, at least, a useful window into what many skeptics have been saying all along – the additive value of capnography in sedation is low, and, rather, the extra information leads to additional interventions and procedural interruptions without measurable benefit. Procedural success in this setting was not adversely impacted by the frequent interruptions, however.
"Capnography During Deep Sedation with Propofol by Nonanesthesiologists: A Randomized Controlled Trial"
7 comments:
thankyou for highlighting this articleReplyDelete
I dont understand the practice of not providing supplemental oxygen when giving IV sedation. I dont think we should be emulating this in our ED practice!
ETCO2 is useful to detect airway obstruction and apnoea during sedation. Laryngospasm does occur ,especially with ketamine sedation for kids in ED. I would rather detect this ASAP rather than wait for desaturation.
ED sedation should be to the highest standard, as our patients often have full stomachs and multiple other acute problems
- AnonymousJuly 12, 2014 at 4:14 AM
Also unnerved by a 25% rate of hypoxaemia in both and groupsReplyDelete
See http://kidocs.org/2014/07/capnography-procedural-sedation/
If you want to monitor for apnea, you have to watch something - either the waveform, or the chest. Not sure why a waveform would be "better" than chest rise.ReplyDelete
As has been mentioned, it seems like a good idea to give supplemental oxygen!
chest can be moving but no air moving= laryngospasmReplyDelete
ETCO2 good
Thank you Ryan for a thought provoking commentary on an important topic. I view this discussion not as a criticism of ETCO2 monitoring as a whole, but rather what occurs when it is employed in such a low risk population. The benefits of ETCO2 monitoring during procedural sedation are based on a number of assumptions. First using ETCO2 monitoring will detect apnea earlier than O2 sat and clinical judgment. Secondly, that the earlier detection of these apneic events is clinically relevant. And finally, if we intervene earlier in the event process, the patient outcomes will be markedly enhanced than if we wait to intervene when the patient begins to desaturate or the apneic episode becomes clinically obvious.ReplyDelete
The first of these three assumptions has proven to be true. ETCO2 detects apneic events far earlier and more frequently than either O2 saturation or clinical judgment. Unfortunately the remaining two assumptions do not seem to be supported by the literature. Deitch et al randomized patients undergoing procedural sedation in the Emergency Department to either standard monitoring or the addition of ETCO2 (1). Patients in the ETCO2 arm had 17% fewer hypoxic events (defineD as a O2 sat less than 93%). None of these events proved to be clinically relevant and 41% of them resolved without any intervention. In fact the number of hypoxic events severe enough to require any intervention were equal in both groups (13%). The use of ETCO2 monitoring did not prevent any intubations, hypoxic injuries or even use of BVM. More importantly, the ETCO2 monitoring detected a significant number of events that failed to result in any hypoxia (36%) and caused a significant increase in airway interventions and procedural interruptions. These results are consistent with the few other studies examining ETCO2 monitoring in procedural sedation as well as the results of this recent trial reviewed by Ryan (2,3).
ETCO2 like any test is only as good as the population in which it is utilized. It is a fantastic tool that when used in the right circumstances is clinically valuable. For example in post-intubation tube confirmation, transport of intubated patients, and the management of cardiac arrest we have identified high acuity cohorts. In these settings with a high pre-test probability for clinically relevant disease, the interpretation of ETCO2 becomes relevant. Conversely, like with any highly sensitive test when applied to an extremely low-risk population, a large proportion of the results will inevitably be falsely positive and an even greater number can be categorized as overdiagnosis. In this case the data clearly shows that most of the apneic events ETCO2 detects are clinically irrelevant and do not result in hypoxic episodes. Even the ones that do go on to hypoxic episodes are generally self-limited, resolving without any intervention. The few that do require intervention are detected by standard monitoring in a timely fashion without clinically relevant consequences. The only clinically relevant effect ETCO2 monitoring demonstrated was a greater amount of interventions and procedural interruptions.
I am not saying that ETCO2 should never be used in procedural sedation. There are certainly cases when the added monitoring would prove invaluable. Likewise it is equally unjust and somewhat dogmatic to say ETCO2 is required during every procedural sedation when the evidence does not support this. I think as physicians we should be capable of understanding the strengths and weaknesses of such a test, balance this with the patient before us, the procedure required, and use our own clinical judgment to decide when its use is required.
Sometimes more monitoring provides us with clinically relevant information, sometimes it simply provides us with more monitoring…
1. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19783324?dopt=Abstract
2. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16702250?dopt=Abstract
3. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19422079?dopt=
Yeah, I never need ETCO2 when I perform pelvic exams on healthy patients in the ED either. However, when I relocate hips on 80 y/o's with tons of co-morbidities, I find it helpful in spotting the apneas a little earlier.ReplyDelete
Lots of great comments all around! As usual, Rory puts my brief post to shame with multiple citations.ReplyDelete
ETCO2 probably has value – but so far, its value has only been measurable in terms of surrogates for patient-oriented outcomes. As I mention, we've been performing procedural sedation for decades with substantially less predictable agents than present day (methohexital, etomidate), and all we've needed to date is appropriate vigilance. That said, there are almost certainly high-risk patients for whom it may have greater than average utility.
The oxygen-during-sedation debate is another interesting topic. It seems foolish not to use oxygen – but, some folks make a reasonable point that its use obscures hypoventilation. However, frankly, I make the same argument for oxygen as against ETCO2 – I don't really care about transient episodes of hypoventilation/hypoxia, and I don't want them interrupting my procedure.


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Mendota Hills CampgroundCategory:OUTDOORS & PLAY
More than a campground, hit a golf ball, take a golf lesson, catch a fish or hayrack ride, swim, dance, hike row/paddle a boat, play basketball, horseshoes, video games and pool or kickback with a campfire. We have 130 acres to do it all.
Location & Nearby Attractions
What's Nearby


text: Blog Posts Important VS Hard Business We choose to go to the moon in this decade and do the other things, not because they are easy, but because they are hard. JFK said that, didn't he? In life, hard things are usually better than easy things. Work harder? Make more money. Run harder? Get fitter.... Bird Simulator Game Games, Monkey Business Since bird poo is so unappreciated, this game is dedicated to it. 100's of years ago, birds were very important in connecting parts of the world with flora. Birds did this by eating fruits and berries and then flying far away and then pooing, propagating the... Buy Profitable Websites Business When done properly, buying websites can have a higher return than real estate investments and trading shares. Tips for buying profitable websites See for yourself exactly where the current source business is coming from. If it's Google, look for proof in Google... No Failures. Only Experiments. Business 2001-2002 E&I Computers – FAILED Idea: Sell cheap computers I learned that it's fun to partner with a friend to start a business, but rarely are the dedications and dreams equal and consistent enough to work. I also learned that I set my prices too low... Ludum Dare Game Jam in Brisbane Monkey Business What: 48 Game Jam for Ludum Dare. Make a game from start to finish in 48 hours. Why: For fun, for learning and for possible honour and glory. Where: RiverCityLabs in Fortitude Valley When: 11am Saturday Morning. Then goes for 48 hours Who: Contact Richard Eastes on... How to beat procrastination Monkey Business Set yourself the following rules. Procrastinate as often as you like. Yep! Once you decide to start procrastinating, set a 5 minute timer to go off. After the timer goes off, you can decide to get back to work or reset the timer and procrastinate for another 5... Hi Mum, I'm on TV! Business One thing led to the next last week with a short story I contributed to about beating procrastination. One thing led to the next and I ended up being featured in the Sydney Morning Herald, 2 radio stations and Sunrise on Channel 7. [av_video... My experiences on outsourcing Business This is a list of experiences I've had from outsourcing so far. I'll add more as I think of them Outsourcing on odesk was best for me when I had less than 10 outsourced staff. The advantages over using a BPO (Business Process Outsourcing) were that... How I beat the burden of Procrastination Business I carried a disgusting burden. The burden of laziness and procrastination. An entrepreneurs worst enemy. Today I'm sharing how I defeated this burdon. Sometimes I'd work like a pack horse where 80 hours a week felt easy. Other times, I'd lack... Choosing an SEO company Business Like any new industry, scammers will start up because they know that potential customers don't understand the industry. It's easy to be a snake oil salesman. I've been doing my own SEO for 10 years now and have hired around 10 companies from time to... Things I've learned about SEO Business Finished my first presentation on SEO today. Lots of audience participation. Many of whom walked away with some nice free, juicy, relevant links. Hooray! The prezi presentation is below as are resources I promised I'd provide afterwards. Here they are! Content... Keeping up with the Jonses in real life Business Staged word of mouth advertising. Does it work? 1000% growth. I think it does. Like the "Keeping up with the Jonses" but in real life. « Older Entries


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Separate names with a comma.
Discussion in 'Quick Hook Up' started by Zinks, Dec 15, 2012.
i need someone to play terraria with me
Server host?:
Server host?: I am working on setting up a server
Age: 11 (this will ruin everything if you're one of those people who think age is more important than having fun In that case you are frowned upon by me.)
Steam: XtremeBoy15 (same as this name)
Gender: I think you can figure this out xD
I have friend who can host a server but im trying to make my own
I have a server set up already.
Server host?: I don't have a server, can we find someone?
Age: 12
Steam: zombiekiller901 ( i have cracked Terraria, hopefully it does not bother you.)
Gender Male
Hellooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooo???????? Discussion author??? We are waiting.....
I'll play xtreme.. but I want to talk over skype..
Sorry don't have Skype
Server Host?: Well my buddies and I have found this thing called gameranger that makes terraria servers much easier. So yes.
Age: 15 as well as my friends. Would aprreciate if you are the same age.
Steam: fbmeister or Astroflux not sure.
Gender: Male
I do have a skype and so do all my pals.
I am also currently working on the prequel to "Loophole" so check it out on WIP page. Also check out the loophole maps that my friend and I made, called loophole... Maybe you'll get it on a playthrough of the map before it comes out
i skype.
Do you have a server though?


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A giant crack in northwest Mexico's rural farmland has stunned scientists and left residents concerned about a potential impending earthquake. Taken via a drone last week, the footage shows a 25-foot deep crack, approximately one kilometer long, that separated Highway 26 from the northern areas of the country.
Writes SkyNews, via Yahoo: "The footage was shot by a drone flying along the length of the trench, which is up to five meters (16ft) across. Farm workers and vehicles have been forced to go around the area due to the unstable ground. Another crack was reported to have opened near Highway 4 in the same area."
The trench is causing puzzlement and concern. Some speculate that an earthquake along the 800-mile San Andreas Fault may have been the cause, though geological teams have not indicated any recently recorded seismic event in the area. Geologists at the University of Sonora have theorized that a collapsed underground stream, inadvertently created by farmers, may be the cause.
Writes Traveler's Today:
Apparently, the geologists found that farmers in the area had built up a homemade levee stream in order to contain rainwater, which had begun to leak. Experts said this may have caused an underground stream to develop, which in turn softened the earth above it until it collapsed.
The area has since been restricted to vehicles due to the unstable ground near the collapse.
See also:
Goliath grouper swallows shark: Watch it! Grouper gulps down 5-foot shark
Thigh bone on Mars? Curious thigh bone photo stirs absurd alien debate


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Five Gadsden State students are competing for the title of Miss Gadsden State Community College 2011. The tenth annual pageant, which is a preliminary for Miss Alabama, is scheduled for Friday, November 5, 6:00 p.m. at Wallace Hall Fine Arts Center on the Wallace Drive Campus in Gadsden.
Archive for October, 2010
Miss Gadsden State Pageant November 5Friday, October 29th, 2010
Interim President Named at Gadsden StateFriday, October 29th, 2010
Dr. Freida Hill, chancellor of the Alabama Community College System, met with the faculty and staff of Gadsden State Community College Friday morning to announce the interim president for the College and express her appreciation to Dr. W. Darryl Harrison.
Showcase Benefits Local CharityFriday, October 29th, 2010
Gadsden State Community College presents the 16th Annual Charity Showcase on November 4 at 6 p.m. The event will be held at the Wallace Hall Fine Arts Center on the Wallace Drive Campus in Gadsden. There is no admission charge but donations will be accepted. All proceeds will be presented to the Salvation Army to help the less fortunate with food, clothing and toys.
The Showcase will feature continuous entertainment onstage including saxophonist Kevin Moore, Eura Brown Fourth Grade Choir, Gadsden Middle School Choir, Gadsden State Ensemble and Southern Belle dancers along with Miss Gadsden State and contestants from the Miss Gadsden State Pageant.
During the Showcase attendees may enjoy the onstage entertainment or browse through the many items located in the lobby that will be part of a silent auction—the highlight of the event. The auction items, consistently unique over the years, have included cars, trips, and popular sports memorabilia. There will be a vast number of items available that have been donated by area merchants, Gadsden State employees and students.
Since the program began in 1994, more than $51,000 has been donated to charitable organizations. Everyone is invited to attend for a night of fun and entertainment suitable for the entire family. For more information contact Amy Lacount at firstname.lastname@example.com or 256-439-690.
McClellan BookwormsFriday, October 22nd, 2010
The McClellan Bookworms will meet Friday, October 29, at 10:00 a.m. in the McClellan Center Conference Room in Anniston to discuss the book of the month, Girl with the Dragon Tattoo by Steig Larson. For more information contact Melinda Harvey, Gadsden State Community College librarian at 256-238-9352/8548 or email@example.com.


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Whether your Dad is a health nut, or his idea of staying healthy is only eating fried foods SIX times a week instead of SEVEN, here are a few ideas for life-extending, heart healthy and not-so-obvious anti-aging gifts for Dad's Day. (WARNING: these suggestions also appeal to women AND are yummy.)
1.) High Anti-Oxidant Chocolate
Dad got a sweet tooth? Ditch the Dove and give me a break, Kit-Kat, DARK CHOCOLATE, with its heaping amount of anti-oxidants is the HEALTHIER chocolate choice. The more cocoa, the more flavanols, and flavanols can help lower blood pressure and vascular function and even improve cognitive function.
Chocolate tips: Sugar should NOT be #1 on the ingredient list. You want to look for 100% organic chocolate, at least 70% cocoa and not processed with alkali.
FAVE DARK CHOCOLATE: I like this one - Endangered Species Chocolate Organic Dark Chocolate with Cherry Essence because 10% of net profits go to to environmental non-profits that are focused on wildlife conservation and habitat preservation. Eat something good for you and help animals. Win-win.
Cool qualities:
70% cocoa content | Certified organic, vegan, gluten-free, kosher | Non-GMO verified | Cacao sourced from Rainforest Alliance Certified™ farms. | Sourced from ethically traded cacao farms ensuring fair trade, responsible labor practices and sustainable farming.
You don't have to go all the way to 5TH AVENUE and pay $100 GRAND for this candy bar -- it's available at Walmart for around 2 and a half bucks, or $40 for a pack of 16 on Amazon.
2.) Red Wine
The resveratrol in red wine zaps those free radicals which cause aging, poor heart health, diabetes and Alzheimer's (for Dads over 21 years old, of course).
Give Dad a bottle of "Artistic Inspiration" this Father's Day with Leucadia Red wine. The winery name pays homage to the coastal SoCAL community of artists, musicians, surfers and yogis with the same name, as well as those who are both health and spiritually conscious.
These wines are sure to bring something to the table with the impressionistic label artwork by artist Jami Goddess and unique uplifting descriptions using animal symbolism inspired by the label's artwork.
Check out this copy from their 2011 Russian River Pinot Noir, which features a white moth on the label.
According to ancient Greek myth, after Pandora's box was opened, evils and plagues were released upon mankind, and all that remained inside was a white moth called Hope.
The white color of this intuitive moon-creature represents both purity of soul and magical metamorphosis. The presence of a white moth indicates peace, and the arrival of harmony.
Like this delicate creature of myth, our elegant 2011 Pinot Noir is filled with harmonic flavors and magical discoveries.
Our winged friend also reminds us that life is not hopeless, but we are all hopelessly human. And so it is our wish that you fly into your own realm of discovery, with belief, desire and trust and, like Pandora, you will release your gift of hope into the world.
Love the labels and inspiration, but obviously, it's what's IN the bottle that REALLY impresses. YUM! It's no wonder - owner Dave Archinal is a second generation wine maker with a passion for wine, creativity and art.
Military veterans will love their special red California Rhone Style blend they call "The General's Red Blend" and that Leucadia Red has been paying it forward to military charities for years.
Leucadia Red wines are exceptional for the very reasonable price ($25.00 for the Russian River Pinot, $20.00 for the Sonoma County Pinot and $14.00 for the Red Blend) and are EXTREMELY food friendly. And they ALL go well with dark chocolate! That's DOUBLE the health benefits right there. Oh, and YES, they have a Chardonnay as well!
Pick up a bottle of Leucadia Red at these LA and San Diego store locations or buy from their website: www.leucadiared.com.
Cool Qualities:
This wine is blazing some trails: Leucadia Red was featured at the New York Emmy Awards for two years straight; they "buried" a case of wine under the Pacific Ocean BEFORE it was cool to do so...AND....
There's a Leucadia Red Tasting Room INSIDE Apotheque Lifestyle Spa in Oceanside, CA.
Father's Day specials at Apotheque Lifestyle Spa include a TRANQUILITY special with a scrub, wrap and massage AND glass of Leucadia Red wine for only $150.00. Apotheque Lifestyle Spa is located at 322 N. Cleveland Street, Oceanside, Ca 92054.
Leucadia Red also does exclusive wine tastings on their "Floating Tasting Room", AKA, their yacht in Mission Bay, San Diego. If you wanna make arrangements to take Dad out to taste great wine and hang on a luxury yacht for Father's Day, or ANY day, email firstname.lastname@example.com.
3.) Nuts
Again, I must reference last year's Father's Day article about ball ironing, just because I can, but no, this time, I REALLY mean NUTS.
Harvard researchers reported in the New England Journal of Medicine that eating nuts daily reduces risk of death by 20%. I believe it's the same study Medicalnewstoday.com references here:
The largest study of its kind, published in the New England Journal of Medicine, finds that people who eat a handful of nuts every day live longer than those who do not eat them at all.
FAVE NUT: The pistachio.
Cool qualities:
Sometimes puzzling commercials (Gangnan Style) to laugh out loud commercials (Stephen Colbert and the weed smoking eagle) to just plain WHAT THE F commercials? (Stephen Colbert and the eagle in the bedroom - SEE VIDEO). Plus they are WAY more easy to open than walnuts.
The Journal "Nutrition" just revealed a new study that a diet with 20% of calories from pistachios can take almost an inch off your waist, so what are you waiting for? "Get crackin'."
There you have it: Show Dad you care with dark chocolate, red wine and pistachios! Easy peasy, inexpensive and HEALTHY.
Incorporate daily and repeat.
Happy Father's Day,
~The Anti-Aging Analyst


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U.S. Coast Guard
Non-Rate / A-School Assignments
Commander (PSC-EPM)
Rate SITREP 1 Message
Obligated Service Requirements to Attend "A" School
Bonus Program for Multiple Rates
Citizenship: Just a reminder that AET, AMT, AST, ET, GM, IS, IT, ME, OS and PA schools require all members to be U.S. Citizens. Make sure that you note this on all your applications for these schools. Also, you cannot have dual citizenship.
Disciplinary status : Members MUST have Satisfactory Conduct and be Recommended for Advancement on their most recent EER to be added to any "A" School list. If the member receives Non-Judicial Punishment (NJP), Courts-Martial, Civil Conviction or UNSATISFACTORY mark after they are on the list their name will have to be removed from the "A" School list for a minimum of 6 months. After the 6 month period has ended, the member may reapply for Class "A" School. If a civil conviction occurs, the six month period starts from the date NJP was awarded, or the date of arrest. If the member receives a not recommended for advancement, performance probation or any other temporary deficiency that did not lead to NJP, Courts-Martial or Civil Conviction, then the member will have to be placed on an "ADMIN" hold. This hold can only be removed once the member is recommended for advancement on their next set of semi-annual evaluations. Commands are reminded to contact one of the "A" School Assignment Officers as soon as a member has received NJP, Courts-Martial, Civil Conviction, UNSATISFACTORY mark or any other disciplinary action.
Communication with "A" School AO's: Non-rated members with questions or concerns are advised to go through the proper chain of command at the unit level. Commands unable to advise the members may contact the appropriate Assignment Officer via email or telephone. Only "A" school requests properly routed through the command and received in the EPM-2 portal will be processed.
IAW Coast Guard Weight and Body Fat Standards Program Manual, COMDTINST M1020.8G, Chapter 3.5, if a member shows up to "A" School overweight or over their body fat they may potentially be "fault" disenrolled which means they will not eligible to be placed on any "A" school list for a minimum of 1 year. Commands are urged to contact one of the "A" school Assignment Officers as soon as possible if their member is on the verge of or not within weight standards. Do not contact the "A" School.
"A" School Orders: Orders are issued by "A" School Assignment Officers (AO's) approximately ten weeks prior to class convening via direct access airport terminal. If the command does not have access to DA, the unit should contact their SPO for the member's orders.
Cancellations/Order Changes: Commands are to notify the appropriate "A" School Assignment Officer (preferably via email) with "A" School order cancellations/changes, member status updates, and anything pertaining to the member's "A" School orders. In the email correspondence, include the member's name, EMPLID number, "A" School / CLCVN date, and the member's current status / reason for cancelling orders. Ensure that the Command Cadre is carbon copied on the email. For cancellations, the sooner the command notifies epm-2, the better the chances of filling the seat with the next member on the "A" School List. Every attempt is made to fill all quotas up to one week prior to class convening. Please refer to the Performance, Training and Education manual COMDINST M1500.10C CH7 E.a.(4), pg. 7-3, concerning members failing to report.
Notice to OUTCONUS Members:
If a member elects to ship
his/her vehicle based off of PCS TEMDUINS orders to "A" school for less than
20 weeks, they must be properly counseled and the following statement on
their orders issued by PSC-epm-2. "Member serving OCONUS may ship their POV
in accordance with JFTR U5440.D, to their Class "A" school; however they
must be counseled on possible excess cost. You are authorized to ship one
POV from (insert name of OCONUS unit) to your new PDS following completion
of Class "A" training under 20 weeks at (insert training center) in
accordance with JFTR U5440.D. Your POV shipment entitlement is from the
port/VPC serving your OCONUS unit to the port/VPC serving the PDS that will
later be identified upon completion of "A" school. Since the next PDS is not
identified at this time, you may be subject to excess cost. Should you
receive orders back to your previous PDS, another OCONUS PDS, or to an area
where the receiving VPC is different from the VPC where the POV was
originally shipped, you will be required to pay excess charges." The
following must be completed following the counseling of the member of this
1. Statement from the PCS AO or the designated representative that the member was advised before the PCS authorization/order was issued that the PCS authorization/order would be issued.
2. Written agreement signed by the member to remit the entire cost of transportation if a PCS authorization/order to authorize transportation is not issued later.
3. Written agreement signed by the applicant to pay any additional costs for transshipment of the POV to another port required because the new PDS named in the authorization/order is different than that named in the statement required in par. U5440.D.1.
TDY, PCS/Temduins, and PCS orders: These are the only 3 ways that a member should be ordered to "A" school. Let us explain the differences because there appears to be some confusion out there.
TDY (TAD): This order is used if a member has dependents and needs to return to their permanent duty station after the completion of "A" School. There will be no entitlements for dependents traveling to "A" School with the member just like any other TDY orders. If the member has no reason to return to the permanent unit after "A" School, then the Command can request PCS/Temduins orders. PCS/Temduins orders can cost a married member money out of pocket so member needs to be counseled on entitlements for both types of orders. TDY Orders are highly recommended for members with dependents.
PCS/Temduins: This order is used for members with no dependents. It is also used for members with dependents but have no reason to return to their permanent duty station after completion of "A" School, there will be no entitlements for dependents traveling to "A" School with the member (as stated in TDY explanation).
PCS: This is used for personnel attending ET, IT and HS "A" Schools. Due to these "A" Schools being longer than 20 weeks, PCS orders are authorized. All personnel will be issued PCS orders no matter if you have dependents or not. If you have dependents, you are authorized allowances to have dependents relocate with you to "A" School. This is the only set of orders where dependents are entitled to allowances to travel with the member to "A" School. Members without dependents are NOT authorized to ship HHG to Training Center; HHG shall be placed in Non-Temporary Storage (NTS). Members without dependents will be living in the barracks.
If you are still confused, please contact us so we can assist you. We'd rather you reach out to us than get a set of orders wrong.
"A" School Requests are now to be sent to the "A" School Requests Master Inbox Via Form at firstname.lastname@example.com and it will be handled by the appropriate "A" assignment officer listed below.
YN1 Windt: ET, FS, HS, IT, ME, OS, PA, SK, YN, AST, AMT, AET
FS1 Turner: BM, DC, EM, IS, GM, MST, MK
Requests must come from the Command Cadre or someone that has By Direction authority. Below are the directions for submission:
We have discovered that the Outlook form is not available for underway Cutters. A new Adobe form has been developed and the Outlook form will be phased out this year. It can be found here:
Active Duty "A" School Request Form
Please note that the Outlook Form will be taken offline in the coming months and all requests will be required to be the Adobe version.
The "To" line is already complete and not editable, the "CC" line can be used as needed.
The Subject line will auto complete as the form is completed.
Attachments can be added to this form, for example,
Members requesting ME or GM "A" School must attach a copy of the DD-2760 to be
added to the "A" School list.
To insert a file click Insert on the menu bar and then click Attach File
Upon receipt, the "A" School Assignment Officer will review the request and add member to the appropriate "A" School List. If the request is incomplete or we require amplifying information, we will reply to the unit identifying what information is needed. Note that since most requests are submitted via email (instead of actual forms), the command may be requested to provide a copy of the original documentation for verification of a request.
ASVAB Scores/Waivers:
If the applicant is highly recommended for Class "A" School Training but
does not have the minimum qualifying ASVAB test scores, the Commanding
Officer or Officer-in-Charge may waive up to five points of the total of two
or more subsets to qualify the applicant. This authority may not be
delegated to an Executive Officer or Executive Petty Officer acting as
Commanding Officer or Officer-in Charge, respectively. A single qualifying
test score and minimum scores, such as the General Science (GS) score, score
cannot be waived by the Commanding Officer or Officer-in-Charge.
Waiver requests for minimum subtest scores, AFCT
score and those beyond the scope of authority of the Commanding Officer or
Officer-in-Charge five point waiver must be routed to Forcecom (T) as per
COMDTINST M1500.10C, page 7-21, CG Forcecom (T) in memorandum format and can
be electronically signed and emailed to:
The ASVAB Waiver Memo Template can be found HERE
If there are any questions that have not been addressed here, please see the monthly A school notes which can be found on the top left hand column of this website or contact one of the A school assignment officers.


text:
BEST ENTRANCE: Lord & Taylor Parking Lots, Levels 1 or 2
LOCATION IN MALL: Levels 1 and 2
(603) 898-8010 | Driving Directions | Lord & Taylor Website |
View Deals | Mall Map
More stores to consider
Congrats to all winners! Don't forget to come by a store near you 'til Monday for a chance to win a $500 gift card https://t.co/ie4GTZe0zW/p>
Read More
The first 250 shoppers in-store July 1-4 will receive an exclusive scratch off + 1 winner will win a $500 gift card! https://t.co/s53lL6Zo2N/p>
Enjoy up to 75% off now until 7/5 during our July 4th Sale. Shop now before it's too late: https://t.co/WfA7DkeyeQ https://t.co/yVEAJufrIv/p>
When your outfit looks this good, it's time to make weekend plans. Shop @nautica for him: https://t.co/qv4BPI5T7T https://t.co/itT9jkpSsY/p>
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We agree ????
We all have our own way of remembering. Our heroes are in our thoughts today and every day. Happy #MemorialDay! (photo via @pinterest)
Bikinis are like fries, you can't just have one. Enjoying #MemorialDay weekend in @lablancaswim (shop link in bio)
They say if you make it here, you can make it anywhere. #NYC #rg
Our favorite moves (and dress) for a Friday. cc: @frenchconnection_us
Tonight's agenda ????
Besos because it's Saturday in @rayban ??(??: @negin_mirsalehi)
You're the pineapple of my eye ??Shop this @lspaceswim bikini (avail in multiple colors) at link in bio! #rg
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Her favorite ?? #MothersDay
It's #Saturday morning (??: @sincerelyjules)
Saturday Night Ready in our @KendallandKylie party dress. Shop now: https://t.co/Cg0hXaSFxz https://t.co/x4gqZazjCw/p>
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Finding advice where we least expect it ??
Our kind of Sunday
Saturday Shoe Squad (??: @shopdolcevita)
Black and white and perfect. This lace mini on @happilygrey is necessary for any night out. Head over to www.happilygrey.com to get the full story.
Our Summer Love ??. Perfect nudes and bronzes from @bobbibrown
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Perks of being an adult include putting your feet on the bed whenever you want. (Now carrying @solsanashoes shoes. Shop at link in bio!)
Babygirl @classisinternal sporting our exclusive pink suede #DesignLab dress. For the full look, check out link in bio ????
Morning routine: coffee, shower and fragrance (not necessarily in that order). Now carrying @toryburch beauty. Shop your favorite scent at link in bio.
Nothing embodies summer quite a pair of espadrilles. Shop these as seen on @SincerelyJules: https://t.co/PB81FxbFc0 https://t.co/QFY64C1uIn/p>
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Nothing says the start of summer like @govballnyc. So all week long we'll bringing you our fave festival looks for all our New Yorkers. First up, Staten Island. Will we see you this wknd in this @_1state dress? Dress it down with @converse because we
All day, erryday (shop at link in bio) #rg
Someone is ready for the 3 day weekend...
Blushing over this @kendallandkylie lace up dress. Shop this look at a Lord & Taylor near you!
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text:
19 Jul 20:53 2006
bindings "action" signals
Duncan Coutts <duncan.coutts <at> worc.ox.ac.uk>
Hi Murray, (cc'ing to the language bindings list as it's relevant to other bindings) So, some signals are "action" signals. Of these many are ones that applications do not need to connect to because they're used only for key bindings. I believe that originally gtkmm did not bind any of these. I understand that you now bind some of them, eg: http://bugzilla.gnome.org/show_bug.cgi?id=304103 Owen suggested I ask you if you have a list of the useful ones that you decided to bind. I was having the problem that I bound all of them and then got the users thoroughly confused since many of these signals did not do what the users expected them to do. For example connecting to the GtkTextView::insert-at-cursor signal appears to do nothing (it never got called). So I was hoping I could just not bind any of these action signals and spare my users some confusion. However I've been advised that there are some useful ones. Duncan (Gtk2Hs maintainer) _______________________________________________ language-bindings mailing list language-bindings <at> gnome.org(Continue reading)


text:
- Company: MB&F
- Price: $59,000
- Official Site: MBandF.com
To call the HM2 from MB&F a watch would be like calling a Ferrari a car. MB&F does not make watches, but horological machines -- works of technological art, really -- that track spaces of time. The HM2 is a self-winding automatic with over 340 parts and 450 components. The left dial houses retrograde date and bio-hemisphere moon functions, while the right contains MB&F's "instantaneous" Jumping Hour function and Concentric Retrograde Minutes. The entire machine is not for the small of wrist. Those mega dive watches have little stature next to the HM2.
At first glance the HM2 seems more like a instrument from a Jules Verne story, but that is the point. Timekeeping does not need to be a self-contained venture limited by the traditional, and MB&F has taken the notion of infusing art into watch-making engineering to a new level. The HM2 is an 18K-gold investment in an idea and desire to bring horology to the forefront again and focus on the intricacies of actually keeping time.
As retro or unusual as these machines of time might seem, they are the future in timekeeping. The specific functions have their own place and allow you to find the information you need most without fumbling through digital menus or push-button sequences. As a result, the HM2 and its companion pieces signal a return to man attempting to control and understand time. As a collector's piece, these are unrivaled in their craftsmanship, artistry and mission. Look at the HM2 again and again; your eyes will soon adjust to this unique presentation of timekeeping information, and you'll find yourself wondering why you're still wearing a traditional watch.


text:
Greg Murray
Contact Person:
Valerie Snow
Phone: 620-235-4350 Fax: 620-235-4004
The Department of Engineering Technology is housed in the Kansas Technology Center on the Pittsburg State University campus. Engineering Technology Programs are comprised of elements of the technological spectrum requiring scientific and engineering knowledge plus the operational methods and skills devoted to achieving practical purpose in support of product producing industries.
ELECTRONICS ENGINEERING TECHNOLOGY: prepares applied engineers and technologists who apply electrical and electronic theory through the solution of real-world problems in today's technological environment. It offers a broad curriculum in areas such as industrial controls, microprocessors, power, computer/digital instrumentation, local area networks and telecommunications. This program appeals to students who have an aptitude for math, physics and working with computers and electronics devices.
MANUFACTURING ENGINEERING TECHNOLOGY: prepares applied engineers and technologist who plan what a product will be made of and how it will be manufactured. Manufacturing Engineering Technology appeals to students who have an aptitude for working with machines and solving production problems. Students who build, tinker, and fix mechanical devices are usually successful in Manufacturing Engineering Technology. This program involves the use of computer integrated manufacturing as well as conventional manufacturing methods and processes.
MECHANICAL ENGINEERING TECHNOLOGY prepares applied engineers and technologists to enter employment related to engineering design and manufacturing. The Mechanical Engineering Technology program appeals to students who have an aptitude for using mathematics, physics, engineering drawing and computers to design and build mechanical systems or consumer products.
PLASTICS ENGINEERING TECHNOLOGY prepares applied engineers and technologists who manufacture and design plastic products. Plastics Engineering Technology appeals to students who have an aptitude for mathematics, chemistry, computers and working with machines. The program involves the use of plastics production machinery, computer integrated manufacturing, and materials testing processes.
CONSTRUCTION ENGINEERING TECHNOLOGYis one of the programs in the School of Construction. The program begins with a laboratory approach to construction materials and methods education then proceeds through appropriate laboratory and construction project management and engineering coursework. The Construction Engineering Technology major then adds strong technical content in the construction engineering and concludes with a simulated real-world capstone experience.
MASTER OF ENGINEERING TECHNOLOGYdegree is intended to be a terminal professional degree. This graduate program is a professional multi-disciplinary team and project-oriented approach to graduate education. It meets the needs of graduate students who want to include knowledge engineering management topics with core courses quantitative decision-making, systems engineering, and quality control. The program also includes advanced engineering technology courses in construction, electronics, manufacturing, mechanical and plastics disciplines. Many courses are available on-line for those students that continue working while pursuing this continuing education opportunity.
Note: Data for majors is only reported during fall semester.
*Academic Year is Summer, Fall, Spring
The following five Engineering Technology programs are accredited by the Engineering Technology Accreditation Commission of ABET, Inc.
Why choose an accredited program?
Basic accreditation information from ABET.
This is a common question that many prospective students ask. To understand the difference and to help decide if PSU's Engineering Technology is a good choice for you, please read the PDF file below. The comparisons were taken in part from a brochure, "Mechanical Engineering and Mechanical Engineering Technology, Which Path Will You Take", published by the American Society of Mechanical Engineers. Changes have been made to apply the comparisons to undergraduate engineering programs and PSU Engineering Technology programs.
A Comparison of Engineering and Engineering Technology


text:
Life Unexpected Links
This page will direct you to the latest news and best sites about The CW Network's Life Unexpected show
About Life Unexpected
After spending all of her 15 years bouncing from one foster family to another in Portland, Oregon, Lux (Brittany Robertson) has decided it's time to take control of her life and become an emancipated minor. Her journey through the legal maze leads Lux to her biological father, 30-something Nate "Baze" Bazile (Kristoffer Polaha), who owns a bar, lives like an aging frat-boy with two slacker roommates, and is astonished to learn that he has a teenage daughter.
News Articles about The CW Networks Life Unexpected
Zap2It 5/24/11 'Life Unexpected's' Britt Robertson talks 'Secret Circle's' Cassie
BuddyTV 1/19/11 'Life Unexpected' Fan Columnist: Bittersweet But No Loose Ends
MTV 1/19/11 'Life Unexpected' Season Finale Recap: 'Teacher Schooled' And 'Affair Remembered'
BuddyTV 1/18/11 The 26 Best Things About 'Life Unexpected'
Scripted TV Fans 1/18/11 Baze, Unaware of Her Secret, Plans a Future With Emma Tonight on the Life Unexpected Season Finale
LA Times 1/18/11 'Life Unexpected' creator Liz Tigelaar on finale: 'By the end, they all get to where they are supposed to be'
TV Guide 1/17/11 Life Unexpected Creator: "The Promise of the Pilot Is Paid Off in the Finale"
BuddyTV 1/12/11 'Life Unexpected' Series Finale Videos: Male Bonding and Cate's New Baby
BuddyTV 1/12/11 'Life Unexpected' Fan Columnist: Lux Lights the Way
BuddyTV 1/5/11 'Life Unexpected' Series Finale Photos
BuddyTV 1/5/11 'Life Unexpected' Fan Columnist: Baze, The Boy Who Grew Up
TV Guide 1/2/11 Life Unexpected's Kristoffer Polaha Welcomes Baby Boy
BuddyTV 12/29/10 'Life Unexpected' Fan Columnist: A Year in Cate's Life
BuddyTV 12/22/10 'Life Unexpected' Fan Columnist: Ryan Wrapped Up in a Bow
BuddyTV 12/15/10 'Life Unexpected' Fan Columnist: Closure for Eric and Emma
Zap2It 12/13/10 'Hellcats' moves to Tuesday, 'Life Unexpected's' two-hour sendoff
BuddyTV 12/8/10 'Life Unexpected' Fan Columnist: The Whole Truth and Nothing but The Truth
BuddyTV 12/8/10 'Life Unexpected' Series Finale Preview: All the Secrets Come Out
MTV 12/8/10 'Life Unexpected' Recap: 'Stand Taken'
Scripted TV Fans 12/7/10 Lux And Tasha's Friendship Is Put To The Test Tonight On Life Unexpected
Zap2It 12/7/10 'Life Unexpected' preview: Lux's shocking testimony could change everything
BuddyTV 12/1/10 'Life Unexpected' Fan Columnist: History Repeating
MTV 12/1/10 'Life Unexpected' Recap: 'Thanks Ungiven'
Scripted TV Fans 11/30/10 It's Thanksgiving In Portland And Secrets Are Exposed Tonight On Life Unexpected
Digital Spy 11/30/10 'Life Unexpected' star signs CBS deal
Click here for previous news articles
Websites - Life
Clubs/Forums for Life Unexpected
This site is not affiliated with The CW Network, the Life Unexpected show or its producers
Copyright © 2000 - 2014 Walker Marketing Inc. All Rights Reserved Privacy Policy Terms of Service


text:
Climate Change - 8 Arguments
There are a number of key issues relating to Climate Change and the consequences of Global Warming, the top 8 arguments appear to be the following:
1. The Earth's climate is always changing and this is nothing to do with humans. Even before the industrial revolution, when humans began pumping carbon dioxide into the atmosphere on a large scale, the earth experienced warm periods.
There have indeed been warmer and colder periods in the past for which Man cannot be held responsible, the great Ice Ages are probably the best example but there have been times when grapes were extensively grown throughout England (the Medieval Warm Period) and phases when the Thames froze annually (the Little Ice Age). But the temperature rises over the past 100 years on land and in the oceans cannot be explained simply by Sun activity or changes in the Earths orbit. Eleven of the last twelve years have been the hottest since records started in 1850.
The greenhouse gas effect keeps the Earth 30 degrees C warmer than it would otherwise be as these gases blanket the Earth stopping heat escaping back into space. An increase in the level of gases results in more heat being trapped in the atmosphere - global warming. Levels of carbon dioxide are currently 35% greater than they have been for 650,000 years, evidenced from core samples taken from polar ice caps. Burning of fossil fuels, production of cement and widespread burning of the world's forests are the main causes of the rise in greenhouse gas levels.
2. Carbon dioxide only makes up a small part of the atmosphere and so cannot be responsible for global warming.
The properties of greenhouse gases such as carbon dioxide mean that they strongly absorb heat. Other gases in the atmosphere may have larger concentrations, such as nitrogen, but these gases do not possess heat trapping qualities so do not affect the climate's temperature.
Man has been adding to the effect of naturally occurring greenhouse gases by pumping carbon dioxide into the atmosphere through the burning of fossil fuels and deforestation. Before industrialization carbon dioxide made up about 0.03% of the atmosphere or 280ppm (parts per million). Today, due to human influence it is about 380ppm. Even these tiny quantities have resulted in a small, but significant increase in global temperatures.
3. Rises in the levels of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere are the result of increased temperatures, not the other way round.
Fluctuations in temperatures that caused the ice ages were initiated by changes in the Earth's orbit around the Sun, which in turn, drove changes in levels of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere. This is backed up by data from ice cores which show that rises in temperature came first, and were then followed by rises in levels of carbon dioxide up to several hundred years later.
In contrast the recent steep increase in the level of carbon dioxide - some 30 per cent in the last 100 years - is not the result of natural factors because chemical analysis indicates that the majority of this carbon dioxide has come from the burning of fossil fuels.
4. Observations of temperatures taken by weather balloons and satellites do not support the theory of global warming.
Discrepancies have been found to be related to problems with how data was gathered and analysed and have now largely been resolved. Understanding of global warming leads us to expect that both the lower atmosphere (the troposphere) where most greenhouse gases are found and the surface of the earth should warm as a result of increased levels of greenhouse gases in the atmosphere. At the same time, the lower stratosphere, the part of the atmosphere above the greenhouse gas blanket should cool. It is now agreed that the warming in the troposphere is shown to be broadly consistent with the temperature trends seen at the earth's surface.
Some of the cooling at the lower stratosphere is not related to increased levels of greenhouse gases but due to a different impact that humans have had on the atmosphere - the depletion of the ozone layer. Ozone warms the stratosphere by trapping incoming energy from the sun. This reduction of ozone also has knock on effects on other parts of the atmosphere, underlining the importance of taking all factors into account when looking at what is happening to our climate.
5. Computer models which predict the future climate are unreliable and based on a series of assumptions
By creating computer simulations of how different components of the climate system - clouds, the Sun, oceans, the living world, pollutants in the atmosphere, etc., behave and interact, scientists have been able to reproduce the overall course of the climate in the last century. Using this understanding of the climate system, scientists are then able to project what is likely to happen in the future, based on various assumptions about human activities. But computer models cannot exactly predict the future because there are too many 'unknowns'.
Climate models are not sufficiently well developed to project accurately all the detail of the impacts we might see at various levels but they do give us a reliable guide to the direction of future climate change.
6. It's all to do with the Sun - for example, there is a strong link between increased temperatures on Earth with the number of sunspots on the Sun.
Change in solar activity is one of the many factors that influence the climate but cannot, on its own, account for all the changes in global average temperature during the 20th Century. Measurements from satellites show that there has been very little change in underlying solar activity in the last 30 years.
The magnitude and pattern of changes to temperatures can only be understood by taking all of the relevant factors both natural and human into account. For example, major volcanic eruptions produce a cooling effect because they blast ash and other particles into the atmosphere where they persist for a few years and reduce the amount of the Sun's energy that reaches the Earth's surface. Also, burning fossil fuels produces particles called sulphate aerosols which tend to cool the climate in the same way.
Over the first part of the 20th Century higher levels of solar activity combined with increases in human generated carbon dioxide to raise temperatures. Between 1940 and 1970 the carbon dioxide effect was probably offset by increasing amounts of sulphate aerosols in the atmosphere, and a slight downturn in solar activity, as well as enhanced volcanic activity. However, in the latter part of the 20th Century temperatures rose well above the levels of the 1940s.
7. The climate is actually affected by cosmic rays.
Any effect that cosmic rays could have on the climate is not yet very well understood but it is generally accepted that if there is one, it is likely to be small. Cosmic rays are fast moving particles which come from space and release electric charge in the atmosphere. Experiments done in a laboratory hint that cosmic rays could play a role in the development of tiny particles that could in turn play a part in the formation of clouds which generally have a cooling effect by reflecting the Sun's rays back into space.
Even if cosmic rays were shown to have a more substantial impact, the level of solar activity has changed so little over the last few decades the process could not explain the recent rises in temperatures.
8. The scale of the negative effects of climate change is often overstated and there is no need for urgent action.
The Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) - the world's leading authority on climate change - has projected an expected global average temperature increase this century of 2 to 3 ?C. This would mean that the Earth will experience a larger climate change than it has experienced for at least 10,000 years. The impact and pace of this change would be difficult for many people and ecosystems to adapt to. In the short term, some parts of the world could initially benefit from climate change. More northerly regions of the world may experience longer growing seasons for crops and crop yields may increase because increased levels of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere would have a fertilizing effect on plants.
However the IPCC has pointed out that as climate change progresses it is likely that negative effects would begin to dominate almost everywhere. Increasing temperatures are likely, for example, to increase the frequency and severity of weather events such as heat waves, storms and flooding. Increasing temperatures could lead to the melting of large ice sheets with major consequences for low lying areas throughout the world. Impacts of climate change will fall disproportionately upon developing countries and the poor, those who can least afford to adapt. Thus a changing climate will exacerbate inequalities in health and access to adequate food and clean water.
The Ringmaster
(Sources New Scientist & The Royal Society)


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Conference Information
|Full Title:
|Role and Reference Grammar - International Conference 2013
|Short Title:
|Freiburg, Germany
|Start Date:
|01-Aug-2013 - 03-Aug-2013
|Eva Staudinger
|Meeting Email:
|click here to access email
|Meeting URL:
|Meeting Description:
|The 2013 Conference on Role and Reference Grammar (RRG) will take place August 1 - 3, 2013 at Freiburg, Germany. It will deal with all aspects of functional linguistics. Discussions dealing with further elaboration of RRG in areas like morphology, syntax, semantics, information structure, as well as language processing are encouraged.
|Linguistic Subfield:
|Linguistic Theories; General Linguistics
|LL Issue:
|Calls and Conferences main page