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Necropsy may be defined as the systematic examination of an animal carcass aimed to search for lesions. It is an important diagnostic tool and supports other procedures performed in the diagnosis of disease cases in a herd of flock. The necropsy procedure employed by veterinary students and practitioner alike varies from examiner to examiner and from specimen to specimen. The conduct of a particular routine depends largely on the individual preferences of the examiner, the availability of the materials and equipment for the examination, the condition or state of the carcass, the extent of the examination required, and the mode of examination requested by the client or owner. It is often observed that necropsy done by the uninitiated or the untrained is characterised not by the voluminous information gathered that have little importance to the diagnosis of a particular case in question. It is the absence of information vital to the formulation of a diagnosis. Ill-performed necropsy thus confuses the understanding of a disease process. A working routine is desirable so that adequate information is gathered that will aid in the formulation of a diagnosis. One factor to consider in the formulation of a diagnosis is the accuracy of the data gathered. A systematic approach in necropsy is required to so that appropriate and adequate information be gathered during the examination.
This manual will describe the standard procedures for the necropsy examination of domestic animals adaptable to most laboratories and in field conditions. It is hoped that it will help practicing veterinarians and students alike to adapt a working routine in performing necropsy.
The examination of dead or terminally ill animals offers opportunities in studying the processes involved in disease situations. Various medical imaging techniques have evolved in recent years providing adequate information on the morphologic alterations of organs and tissues following disease. However, necropsy still provides a first hand look on what really happened along the course of the disease. In poorly understood disease situations, tissue alterations resulting from or as a reaction to the disease process may or may not be detected during clinical examination. Results of clinical examination alone may not be sufficient to define the process involved. Thus, gross and microscopic examination of diseased organs and tissues may lend valuable information in understanding the pathogenesis of a disease.
Morphological changes when correctly recorded and interpreted provide a basis for correlating functional changes seen in a particular disease process. Not all disease processes will show dramatic morphologic alterations in organs and tissues. Some clues may be derived however from necropsy examination that will provide valuable information in the recognition of such functional disturbances. The challenge is on the examiner to recognise these clues.
While most students and veterinary practitioners would regard necropsy as purely of academic interest, the purpose of necropsy does not end on the recognition of the lesions alone. Skillfully performed necropsy with all the information gathered, accurately recorded and interpreted will provide valuable assistance in the formulation of animal health and production strategies aimed to prevent and control animal diseases in a herd or flock. The primary aims of necropsy are to uncover the cause of death of an animal by defining possible aetiology and pathogenesis to arrive at a diagnosis. Yet, the usefulness of necropsy resides on the application of the information gathered in the formulation of appropriate treatment, control and disease prevention measures.
The best time for necropsy is immediately after death of an animal. This is because post mortem processes of decomposition (autolysis) follow at a fairly rapid rate that obscures subtle changes in organs and tissues. Also, post mortem invasion of the organs and tissues by normal microbial flora of the gut may make the isolation of the causative agent in question with difficulty or even impossible, especially in suspected bacterial infections.
If histopathological examination of the diseased organs and tissues is anticipated, it is best to examine the cadaver immediately and collect the required specimens the soonest possible time. This is particularly true if histopathological examination of the gastrointestinal tract is required. Its content of microorganisms, enzymes and digesta make its decomposition more rapid than the other parts of the animal cadaver. Thus, if examination of the gastrointestinal tract is anticipated, it is recommended to euthanase the moribund animal. Do the examination right away, than wait until the animal dies and miss and opportunity to have it examined in its fresh state.
Cool the cadaver rapidly in a refrigerator or freezer if it is not feasible to examine the animal immediately after death due to some constraints. This is done to delay the process of post mortem decomposition. For specimens submitted during off-hours or during weekends, cut open the abdomen and remove the viscera, particularly the segments of the gastrointestinal tract and examine the parts right away. The other parts of the cadaver may then be saved in a refrigerator and examined the next instance or day, although some degree of post mortem changes must be anticipated. If necropsy will be delayed for some reason or another (example the cadaver will be shipped to a distant laboratory and will take considerable time before it reaches its destination), freeze the whole cadaver solid. Pack it in dry ice before shipping, observing the pertinent rules and regulation in the transport of suspected biological hazards. Never pack the cadaver with ordinary ice if it is anticipated that the specimen may not reach the laboratory within one or two hours. Even then, the whole specimen should be packed in a plastic bag and put enough ice packs above and below the cadaver in a Styrofoam container. Send the cadaver the soonest possible time, with the necessary information as will described later.
There are several requirements in the selection of the place for necropsy. The place should have adequate light, water, ventilation, drainage, provisions for cadaver disposal, and provisions in lowering the chances of contaminating the surroundings. Animals that died of suspected transmissible, zoonotic or exotic diseases require that the examination be done in a laboratory. Usually, a clinical diagnosis will aid in deciding the site for necropsy, for example, a clinical diagnosis of Anthrax does not warrant necropsy at all for the potential of contamination is great.
Exercise extreme care in selecting possible sites for necropsy, especially in the field. The selected site should be away from sources of feed, forage and water for the rest of the herd or flock. Avoid those sites that will be frequented by other animals in the herd in gaining access to other places. Insects, predators and other biological vectors of diseases should be warded off from the examination site.
In the disposal of the animal cadaver after examination, incineration is still the best method for the disposal of small animal cadaver. Practical reason dictates that this procedure may not be suitable for large animals. The amount of time involved in the incineration and the amount of fuel required turning the large heap of flesh and bones into ash preclude this procedure. For both small and large animals, burying deep into the ground may be practical. However, the pit should be dug deep enough so that astray animals and other predators cannot have easy access to the disposed cadaver. Also, consider the chances of contaminating the surrounding and the odor that may emanate from it should the pit be not deep and large enough to fully hold and cover the whole carcass. Exercise caution in selecting the site for the pit. The site should not be away from sources of feed or where underground water is being pumped. All dead animal cadaver should be considered possible sources of contamination that should be disposed responsibly.
The choice of equipment for necropsy depends on the size of the animal, the type of examination requested (whether routine or cosmetic necropsy), and the individual preferences of the examiner. For most purposes, two sharp knives, a pair of scissors and forceps, a metal probe, and an ordinary mechanic hacksaw will be sufficient. Preferences for the size of the knives depend on the size of the cadaver, ease of handling and safety. A steel rod or sharpening stone to keep the knives sharp is essential. The forceps could be a lockable scissors type or a lifting forceps with rat-toothed or serrated tips that grasp tissues without slipping. A mechanic hacksaw will prove useful for cutting bones and other hard structures. A metal probe made of stainless steel, copper or bronze, or an ordinary galvanised iron wire gauge 12 and about 10-12 inches long is useful in probing connections and patency of openings. Other useful equipment includes a small axe, mallet and chisel (for cutting bones especially in large animal cadaver), and an ordinary pruning shears (instead of a costotome) for cutting the rib cage, mandibular symphysis, and pelvic bones. Other tools or instruments may be included, as they prove useful and saves manual labor during the examination.
Weighing scales and measuring instruments like a millimeter rule and graduated cylinders or measuring cups are essential for accurately recording dimensions and volumes. Two specimen bottles, one half-filled with 10% neutral buffered formalin are required for containing samples of tissues and body fluids for laboratory examination. Sterile swabs and petri dishes for the collection of samples for microbiological examination (if required) should be made available. Other materials that may be needed include disposable syringes and needles, glass slides, and ordinary fishing twine or thread for tying up hollow organs.
The wearing of protective clothing is not meant to prevent soiling and/or preserve the appearance of what is worn by the examiner underneath. It should protect the examiner from contamination with blood, tissues and body fluids from the cadaver that are potential carrier of infectious particles. The recommended protective clothing should provide comfort to the examiner while not compromising protection from possible contamination. The wearing of cotton coverall, rubber boots, gloves, and butcher's plastic vest is recommended and provide ample protection from contamination. These articles must be washed clean and disinfected after each use.
The common laboratory gown may used. However, the hanging flaps may easily soak with the cadaver's blood and body fluids with the examiner not noticing it, and thus exposing the examiner to contaminants. Although lacking any protective clothing, the laboratory gown will be sufficient. A pair of ordinary garden latex gloves of appropriate size is useful for necropsy. Compared with the surgeon's latex glove, the latter are less expensive, more durable and provide equal protection. Necropsy without wearing any gloves is an open invitation for contamination. The gloves should fit the hands and fingers of the examiner without interfering with manual dexterity and causing numbness. Loose, also very tight fitting gloves may cause undue interference in handling organs and tissues, not to mention the awkward look and the uncomfortable feeling it may render to the examiner.
The style and type of necropsy report forms vary from laboratories to laboratories depending on the mode of document storage and retrieval system in use. The current trend in computerised data storage and retrieval most often uses forms structured to suit the particular software or database program being used. Yet, the structured entries no matter how the data are processed and stored essentially contain the basic items that include the following:
1) Case Identification - includes the assigned case number, the case code (example degenerative condition, bacterial disease, viral disease, etc.), and the date of submission and examination;
2) Owner's Identification - includes the name, address, and phone number of the owner.
3) Specimen Identification - includes the species, breed, age, weight, sex, coat colour, animal number/name, and animal classification (example breeder, draft, pet, etc.), and identifying markings (example: brands, cowlicks, ear-notch number).
4) Clinical History - includes the details of clinical findings, signs and symptoms observed, clinical diagnosis, the referring veterinarian's name and address, and the type of necropsy requested (routine or cosmetic necropsy); It shall also include among other the number of dead and affected animals in the herd or flock. Describe the manner of spread of the disease in the herd or flock, and the type and standard of husbandry before and after such a condition was noted. Include also the date of first cases and subsequent losses, and prior treatment given to the animal;
5) Necropsy Findings - includes the results of the necropsy examination that may be arranged by organs/system or by the sequence of examination;
6) Results of Laboratory Examination - includes the samples collected during necropsy and the results of the examination done;
7) Diagnosis - the outcome of the examination;
8) Examiner's Information - includes the name, qualifications and signature of the one who did the examination and formulated the diagnosis.
During necropsy, it is best to record all findings as the examination progresses. Yet, thorough examination of the animal cadaver will consume a considerable amount of time. An assistant that will record the findings as the examination progresses may not be always present. Thus, it is recommended that the findings be recorded immediately after the examination and before the cadaver is disposed. If an organ or systems have been inadvertently missed during the examination, or the examiner for one reason of another forgot some details of the lesions, the specimen may still be available for reexamination. In the laboratory, the use of a tape recording unit is ideal if many specimens will be examined in a single day. This unit is practical for a busy laboratory with large necropsy specimen accession. Models of tape recording units that are particularly suitable include those with a microphone that can be pinned to the lapel and with either a foot switch or a wireless microphone, or that of a voice-activated recording unit. Although this will involve additional investment, the accuracy in recording information may far outweigh the cost should necropsy accession be large enough.
It is recommended to take at least a photograph of the animal and/or lesions noted in cases where legal proceeding are anticipated. In these cases, carefully record the location and appearance of identifying markings of the animal such brands, cowlicks, and ear notches. These data are particularly sought in establishing the identity of the animal particularly in insurance claims.
Relevant sections of the necropsy document dealing with the case identification, specimen identification, owner's identification, and clinical history should be filled with the required information before necropsy. This may be done when the specimen is received for examination. Without these data, particularly the clinical history of the case, the search for lesions would be particularly tedious. It may even result to undue trouble to the examiner in terms of the danger posed by examining a specimen where necropsy should not be done at all (example: cases of anthrax).
The general rule in making a necropsy report is to be objective in interpreting lesions, with the finished report being descriptive. The common fault in recording necropsy findings is the tendency of the examiner to interpret the lesions observed, than describing the changes seen. This may be condoned if the one who examined the specimen will also be the one who shall formulate the diagnosis. Even then, this will limit the usefulness and of the finished report, for necropsy findings are subject to many interpretations and that one examiner may or may not agree with the interpretation of another examiner. This is particularly true if another person other than the one who examined the specimen will synthesize the findings and formulate the diagnosis. The finished report should be descriptive enough allowing other to clearly visualise what were observed during the examination to enable them to make their own interpretation and possible diagnosis.
Recognition of lesions requires a sound background in anatomy and pathology. Veterinary students should be aware of the appearance of normal structures and the species difference within and between species. However, as one gain experience in examining various animal species, recognition of the normal structures and what form an abnormality in the structure (or the lesion) becomes routine. Students of necropsy may find it useful to pay a visit to the local abattoir to observe the appearance of organs and tissues of domestic animal species. However, one must be aware that specimens submitted for necropsy most often shows post mortem changes that may mask or alter the appearance of otherwise normal structures. The recognition of these changes requires knowledge of pathology and considerable experience.
It is not uncommon for students and the uninitiated to have a problem in describing lesions. Although veterinary pathology is rich in descriptive terms that describe the forms and appearance of any given lesion, the use of adjectives from ordinary conversational language is desirable than having no descriptions at all. It is recommended to write plainly in the report that no remarkable alterations were noted in the organ/tissue examined should that be the case, than leaving it not mentioned in the report. Also, include in the report the organs not examined for one reason or another. For most purposes, the description of any given lesion should include the following information:
A. Solid organs:
1) Organs/tissue involved
2) Position, relations, and involvement of adjacent structures;
3) Size and shape;
4) Weight;
5) Colour (shade, tint, hues);
6) Appearance;
7) Consistency;
8) Texture or intact and cut surface;
9) Odour;
B. Hollow Organs:
1) Organs involved
2) Appearance;
3) Texture of intact and opened surfaces;
4) Contents, which should be qualified as to:
a) Nature
b) Volume/Amount
c) Consistency
d) Transparency
e) Colour;
f) Odour;
In describing lesions, it is best to keep the descriptions in as few but very descriptive words as possible. Refrain from using verbose descriptions that tend to distract attention and present no clear meaning. Weights and measure should be recorded using the metric system of notation. The approximation of the weights and measure is desirable than comparing what was observed to common or ordinary articles. For example, it is far better to approximate the size of a tumour as "about 4-5 centimeter in diameter" than recording it as "about the size of a 25-cent coin in diameter." Although the latter may be considered more acceptable than having no description at all, its use in the necropsy report should be avoided.
Necropsy lends support to other ancillary laboratory diagnostic procedures, and those specimens for laboratory examination may be routinely collected as the examination progresses. Different laboratories have different requirements on the type of specimen required and the modes of specimen preparation and preservation. Contact the laboratory where the specimen will be sent to ensure that appropriate and adequate samples are taken during the necropsy examination.
The specimen collected should be appropriately labeled for proper identification. Information required for the identification of the specimen intended for submission include the following:
1) The species identification
2) The details of clinical history
3) The relevant necropsy findings
4) Nature of the sample collected and the mode employed in the collection and preservation
5) The form or type of examination that is requested
It is the responsibility of the examiner to notify relevant government offices in cases where the specimen is collected from suspected cases of highly contagious, zoonotic or exotic disease. Adequately label specimens taken from such cases to warn others about the potential of spreading the infection or pose danger to the biological system, or to the courier of the specimen should improper handling occur. The full descriptions of the methods employed in specimen collection and preservation are beyond the scope of this work, and the readers are referred to the appropriate text in clinical pathology. However, a short guide will be discussed in the proceeding section.
Submission for Histopathological Examination
Routinely fix specimens intended for histopathological examinations in 10% neutral buffered formalin. The pieces of organs and tissues should be collected the soonest possible time, and should not be more than 0.5 cm thick. Collect the tissue block using a sharp knife or a razor blade, exercising care not to crush or allow the tissue blocks to dry. Crushing the specimen or allowing it to dry will cause undue distortions on the morphology of cells and tissues. Moreover, the tissue block should be selected and should include both the normal and abnormal portion of the organ or tissue. Fix the collected tissue blocks immediately in 10 times the tissue volume of 10% neutral buffered formalin. Wash the specimen in physiological saline solution before fixing it in formalin if it is heavily soiled with debris.
Fix specimens of the brain by cannulating the carotid artery and pumping the formalin until what flows in the jugular vein and the carotid artery at the other side is clear of blood. Alternatively, the whole brain may be immersed in a large volume of the fixative. Allow it to harden for 24 hours, and then slice the brain and take the desired sections. Segments of the gastrointestinal tract should be taken the soonest possible time and immediately after opening the cadaver to minimise post mortem changes. Cut open the segment of the gastrointestinal tract longitudinally before putting the segment in the fixative to ensure adequate and prompt preservation of the mucosal lining, and to increase the surface area for the penetration of the fixative.
Submission for Microbiological Examination
Collect specimens intended for microbiological examination aseptically. It is recommended to sear the surface of the organ or tissue with a hot spatula, then incise and collect the required material from the deeper portion of solid organs, abscess, or coagulated masses. From this incision, sterile swabs, tissue fragments, and aspirates may then be taken. Place sterile swabs and aspirates in a special transport media, especially if the suspect organism is a fastidious one. The choice of transport media depends largely on the microorganism suspected to be present in the specimen. Should sterile swabs be required to be taken from body cavities or openings, the swabs should be taken immediately before fully opening such part of the animal cadaver. Hollow organs such as segments of the gastrointestinal tract are best handled by obtaining a loop tied at both ends and placed in a sterile petri dish.
Submission for Toxicological Examination
Materials for toxicological examination should be taken free from any contaminating chemicals being used during necropsy. Chemicals that may contaminate the specimen include fixatives, detergents and disinfectants routinely used during necropsy. Although different toxicants require specific samples for chemical analyses, the following samples may be taken if toxicological examination is anticipated:
1) Whole blood and sera
2) Tissue blocks (about 100 grams) of both liver and kidneys
3) Urine
4) Stomach and intestinal contents
Contact the toxicology laboratory where the samples will be sent to ensure that the right specimen and amount are collected and the adequate precaution on handling and preservation is observed.
Submission for Parasitological Examination
Occasionally, ectoparasites and endoparasites are collected during necropsy for identification. Collect samples of ectoparasite before the cadaver is cut open for examination. Ticks, fleas and lice should be carefully brushed off from the fur or feather and fixed in formalin. To disable these organisms, wet the fur or feather of the animal with a detergent solution. In collecting ticks, prevent the mouthparts from damage, by wiping the body part of the tick with ether. This will kill the tick and allow it to drop. Fix the collected specimens in 70% ethyl alcohol or in 10% formalin. Information about the degree of ectoparasite infestation should be provided along with the submission. Collect mange mites by scrapping the affected skin deeply, and put the scrapings in a glass slide with a drop of mineral oil.
Roundworms collected from intestinal segments may be fixed in formalin immediately after collection. Allow it to relax by dipping in menthol solution or lukewarm water before fixation to prevent curling of the specimen. Tapeworm segments collected should include both mature and immature segments, with the scolex still intact. Never lift the tapeworm from its attachment for it will break the scolex. The scolex is important in species identification. Excise the part where the scolex is attached and fix them in formalin. Press specimens of cestodes between two glass slides held together by a rubber band, a piece of twine or paper clips before immersion in the fixative. For total worm count in ruminants, tie the abomasum at both ends and save all its contents. Scrapping deeply the mucosa of the affected intestinal segment and examining the scrapings as a wet smear may do the diagnosis of coccidial infection in poultry.
Submission for Cytological Examination
Smears from tumour tissues are prepared occasionally for cytological evaluation. It is often possible to have a diagnosis by preparing and examining smears (from cut surfaces of the tumour), and aspirates even before tissue blocks of the tumour tissues are processed by conventional paraffin embedding technique. Allow the smears to dry immediately after collection to preserve the cell architecture. Fixation may be done by heat treatment, or by dipping in absolute methanol. Some workers suggested the use of hair spray, which presumably contain alcohol in a concentration that is sufficient to fix the cells in the smears.
Smears may be prepared from body fluids by putting a few drops onto the glass slide. The fluid may be collected and centrifuged and the cell pellet at the bottom of the tube fixed in formalin or methanol and the smears prepared. Alternatively, use gelatin or albumin to suspend the cell pellet and then fix the mixture in formalin. This preparation may then be submitted for routine paraffin embedding technique similar to a tissue block.
Submission of Blood and Body Fluids
Blood samples should be collected prior to euthanasia of moribund animals. In some cases, blood samples may still be obtained in animals that have been dead from three to four hours. This is done by aspirating the blood contained in the heart prior to detachment and dissection of the chambers. The addition of anticoagulants (e.g., ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid or EDTA) should be considered if plasma is to be extracted. If sera are required, it is best to collect blood in a glass receptacle to promote clotting. Alternatively, glass beads may be added.
The general rule in collecting body fluid is to obtain samples free
from contaminants. Body fluids should be collected as the examination progresses
if it is anticipated that such examination is required. Ascitic fluid should
be qualified as to amount, colour and turbidity. Aspirating directly from
the urinary bladder may collect urine. Cerebrospinal fluid should be collected
prior to opening the brain. This should be done by aspirating the fluid
through the aid of syringe and needle at the cisterna magna.


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It is Fall 2013 Time via Night Moves by Allure
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Ultimate Women Awards 2012: See ALL The Pics
The Ultimate Women Awards 2012 hit London last night, and we're still pouring through all the stunning celebrity dresses (and gorgeous men) we spied on the red carpet.
From X Factor judges Tulisa and Nicole Scherzinger, to yummy mummy to be Fearne Cotton, there's plenty of fab celebrity photos to spice up your morning.
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In the highly competitive federal marketplace, GSA Processors knows that individuals and small businesses can easily become overwhelmed. If they want to remain viable candidates for federal contracts, individuals and small businesses must thoroughly understand the contractual obligations they are committing to.
While the government contracting process can be daunting for these entities, GSA Processors can help them make it a more efficient and rewarding experience. When it comes to signing a federal contract, expert advice can save companies time, money and possibly their reputation.
"Understanding federal contracts before signing them is paramount to the successful completion of the agreement especially since contracts are often negotiated over many sessions and the final agreement can vary from the original expectation of the business," GSA processors said.
Slow Down
There is no substitute for taking the required time to thoroughly read and understand the contents of any contract. The document is a legally binding agreement between purchaser and vendor and without knowing what is in the document, the probability for misunderstandings increases.
Jack Garson is a business law expert and the founder of the law firm Garson Claxton LLC. In an article for TheHuffingtonPost.com titled Read the Contract: I Rushed, I Signed, I Regretted, Garson contends it is not uncommon for people to not read their contracts. In fact, it is a common occurrence.
"Every day, all across the country thousands of businesses put their companies in jeopardy when they rush to sign contracts," he said. "They don't read them, they don't understand them and they are not prepared for the consequences."
Legal Consequences
Contracts with the federal government carry an additional responsibility to the vendor. The U.S. Small Business Administration says on its website, "If your contract is terminated for default, you are entitled only to payment, at the contract's price, for items accepted by the government."
Further and more distressing to a business, it says, "If the government still needs the items that you failed to deliver, it has the right to procure the same items elsewhere and, if they cost more, charge the excess costs to you."
Reputation Damage
"Financial damages aside, the harm to the reputation of a business can be even greater," the professionals at GSA Processors said.
If a federal contract is terminated for any reason that can be proved to be the fault of the vendor, acquiring future contracts can be problematic. For a company that relies on the income from these contracts, something as basic as failing to read and understand the terms can be disastrous.
Further, the government representatives may feel that a company's inability to comprehend the terms of the agreement makes them unsuitable for future work. Rushing to sign the agreement without fully understanding what is required is does not reflect well on the enterprise. GSA Processors recommends that you take your time.
Standard "Boilerplate" Agreements
Most contracts contain standard terms and conditions that are often referred to as a boilerplate. With experience, contract terms and conditions will become more familiar and the process will seem less arduous. Despite the use of boilerplate sections, each contract is different. They need to be read and understood.
If a company has done business with the federal government in the past, there might be an inclination to assume any new contract contains the same term and conditions. While some of the content may indeed be boilerplate, the specific contents of the document will not be standard. Never assume, always read.
Contract Changes
Many government contracts contain a section allowing the designated contract official to unilaterally order changes to the specifications and other contract terms. The changes, if required, will generally fall within the scope of the contract. As the vendor, a company is obligated to perform the changes. Pay special attention whenever unilateral is including in the wording.
By understanding the terms of the contract, a company will be more able to adapt to these changes. GSA Processors warned that ignorance of the scope of work is not an excuse that can be used if changes are required. A careful reading of the document will provide the business with an idea as to any potential problems that a change may incur for the company.
In order to keep the vendor and supplier relationship healthy, start by thoroughly understanding the exact terms of the new relationship. Receiving a government contract can be one of the most rewarding times for a business. GSA Processors hopes that by carefully reading the documents, the work can proceed smoothly for both parties of the agreement.


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Are other lipsticks just not doing it for you? Smudging and clumping and leaving you feeling uncomfortable? Ultra Performance Lip Colour from Babor will do the trick and leave you in awe. These long lasting lip colors contain nutrients, vitamin E, sea fennel and amino acids which will leave your lips soft and creamy while protecting them at the same time. Being the ultimate hydrating lipstick that provides you with moisturizing benefits, you'll always feel beautiful, and most importantly comfortable, when wearing it. Being able to provide moisture to the lips, and available in a plethora of lovely shades that are perfect for anytime of the day, you will never go wrong with these excellent lip shades.
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Feb 9, 2011 9:18 AM
We can't be the only impatient beautyistas on the planet. We just can't be. But that impatience may help explain why we like Estee Lauder Cyber White Extra Brightening Eye Cream ($65). Immediately upon application, it brightens the area around our eyes and helps lighten those dark circles. Over the long term, SPF 15 in this crème also shields our eye area from sun exposure and pollutants.
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text: The Ibanez DT520FM Destroyer Electric Guitar provides a classic design and feel with a versatile tone for today's guitarists! The body and set neck are crafted with Mahogany for great sustain while the flame Maple top provides a great look with extra tonal bite. The bound Rosewood fingerboard is adorned with Jumbo frets. The Ibanez DT520FM Destroyer also features DiMarzio Air Norton and DiMarzio The Tone Zone humbuckers as well as Sure Grip III control knobs.


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Wyoming Toughens DUI Laws
Alex Batres reports, email@example.com
Wyoming toughens its DUI laws starting July 1st.
"If you refuse to give a blood or breath sample, a search warrant will be obtained, then the blood alcohol level samples can be taken regardless", said Mark Trimble, Operations Captain, Casper Police Department.
Law enforcement officials say the the new law will help to increase the conviction rate among DUI offenders
"It puts more teeth in the law which hopefully will work as a deterrent and hopefully people will realize they are going to get charged with a DUI", said Trimble.
Debbie Taylor is a volunteer with the Mother's Against Drunk Driving organization in Casper.
Over the years, Taylor says shes witnessed one too many innocent lives lost to irresponsible drivers behind the wheel.
"Having to deal with some of the victims families, its heartbreaking what they go through, the loss that they feel and drunk driving is a 100% preventable crime, said Taylor.
The number of DUI arrests has drastically climbed over the years, with a total of 643 arrests made last year. MADD organization members say the new tougher law is a step toward eliminating drunk drivers on the road but they say other measures are needed as well
"On a national level we are imploring congress in Washington to seek funding for preventing drunk driving with technology, in newer vehicles we would like to have an ignition interlock, if it senses alcohol in the car it will not start", said Taylor.


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John Salibello
John Salibello is one of the premiere dealers of mid-century modern furniture and art in the country. He was in need of both a website and a complete brand overhaul that would align his visual identity with the sophistication, vastness, and variety that are the hallmark of his collection. To express these themes, we created an identity system that emphasizes scale and drama, with variety built into its applications. We designed a full set of printed collateral as well as several awnings, an etched glass sign, and a wood sign for his stores in Manhattan and the Hamptons.
With the identity in place, Krate began work on a new website tailored for architects and interior designers seeking to discover that unique, one-of-a-kind piece from his vast collection. We also built a custom content management system for his internal team to maintain the site's inventory and content.
American Folk Art Museum
The American Folk Art Museum is the premier institution devoted to the appreciation of traditional folk art and creative expressions of contemporary self-taught artists from the United States and abroad.
We have had the pleasure to work with The Museum on over one hundred projects since 2001. While most of Krate's work is digital, with the Museum, our work has ranged from the design and production of sidewalk banners for exhibitions to countless exhibition booklets to mail campaigns and member-related initiatives.
Exhibition banners
Identity for weekly event series


text:
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text:
Available for Adoption:
7 Years
Siamese - Sealpoint
Pet ID Number: F11145
How to adopt
All pets over 12 weeks are spayed or neutered.
We give a free spay/neuter certificate to those adopting kittens or puppies.
| My Pets & People number is F-11145. I was born on October
24, 2004. I am of Siamese Breed with blonde and brown markings (Seal Point). My original owner is away in college, and my Foster owners are frequently gone, having little time to spend with me.
I do not do well in kennels, nor do I travel well, becoming easily grumpy. I am also not very sociable with other animals, having been alone the majority of my life. I do well with people, but can be standoffish until I get to know them better.
All I need is my brush, my kibble, my cat box, and a cozy bed by the window.
I am declawed on my front paws, and have been a house cat my entire life. If you like brushes, sunshine, and peaceful days...I am your kitty. I am current on my vaccinations as of mid-August.
Puuuuuuurrrrrrrrrssss to you...China.=============
For more information, or to make an appointment to meet China, please call Pets & People at 350-PETS.


text:
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"Several vendors saw improved quarter-over-quarter results in the third quarter, and we expect the microwave equipment market to inch up in 2015."
Richard Webb, Directing Analyst, Mobile Backhaul and Small Cells


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An Artist Beyond Isms
Published: January 27, 2002
(Page 8 of 8)
On Oct. 18, 1977, a botched plan to exchange the remaining members in prison for hostages on a hijacked plane that had been flown to Somalia ended with the deaths of all but one of the hijackers and the release of the passengers. Later that same morning, Baader was found dead with a bullet in his head, Raspe lay dying of a fatal bullet wound, Ensslin was hanging from a grate in her cell and Möller, the only survivor, was stabbed in the chest. Again, the official verdict was suicide.
The Red Army Faction members were some of the most violent terrorists among various young Germans protesting, like many young people elsewhere, during the 60's and 70's. They were protesting generally against materialism, the cold war and Vietnam, but more specifically in West Germany against what they saw as the country's smug, complacent refusal to come to terms with its Nazi past. Peaceful youth protests sometimes provoked violent responses from authorities; then violent protests caused even more violent responses. The Baader-Meinhof group became antiheroes to many young people disaffected from their parents who had acquiesced to Hitler. The novelist Heinrich Böll called it a war of ''6 against 60 million.''
Richter's paintings showed different scenes copied from forensic photographs and clipped from magazines: Meins surrendering to police, Ensslin on her way to her cell, Ensslin's corpse, Baader's bookshelves in prison, the phonograph in which Baader was said to have hidden the gun with which he killed himself, two versions of Baader's corpse, three versions of Meinhof's. The final picture in the series represented Red Army Faction coffins passing through a mob of sympathizers and police. The pictures were black and white and blurry, like something you might see on an old television set with poor reception. You have to struggle to bring them into focus.
And they are aloof. ''I was like a gravedigger while I painted these corpses. It was just work. If I felt one of them looked too theatrical, I painted over it.'' Completed a decade after the events, ''October 18'' reopened a wound that Richter saw hadn't really healed. They were a national provocation. He thought of the Baader-Meinhof group as deluded, not heroic. But as Storr says, ''He wanted to give a human face to the victims of ideology who, for ideology's sake, created victims of their own.''
There was perhaps a personal motivation, as usual. He was then married to Isa Genzken, like other people around him a leftist, who encouraged him to make the paintings. But, expressing the difficulty of their marriage, he was also distancing himself from her through them. Richter says that the series was a kind of ''leave-taking.''
''I was afraid more of the reaction on the left than the right,'' he says. ''It was still very dangerous to deal with this subject in Germany. There was fear that the museum where I showed them might be bombed. All my friends were on the left, but I was not. They said: 'Someone with the right mentality could do this, but not Richter -- he is too bourgeois. He steals Baader-Meinhof away from us.' To me, they were part of the problem. I was standing outside watching how people, on both sides, ignored the truth because of their beliefs, beliefs that made them crazy. That was the point of the pictures.''
And for Richter, the subject was also a matter of personal exploration. ''I suppose they also had to do with my father, the Nazis, being skeptical of all systems, all manias. In the 70's, political positions were so clearly split in Germany -- the country was so divided over the Baader-Meinhof group -- and I was annoyed by both sides. In terms of what I expressed in the paintings, that seemed my only choice, not because I wanted to be ambiguous but because I myself don't know how to answer these difficult questions. That was what I was conveying.''
Since then, the pictures have functioned as a kind of negative Rorschach of public opinion. People who loathe the Red Army Faction find the works too sympathetic, and vice-versa. After Sept. 11, Richter says he looks back on the Baader-Meinhof group as ''childish, naïve terrorists.'' The men were macho and the women served them, just as their parents had done. ''The new terrorists are professionals. Baader-Meinhof were romantics. But I don't mean the paintings are romantic. They are not.''
Richter and Sabine are affectionate and playful together. They treat each other as equals. She is no-nonsense. He is learning to be an outgoing parent. Every night, he puts the children to bed with an ever-developing story he makes up. One morning, after spending several days with him, I stop by Richter's studio a last time just before he leaves with his family for vacation.
Tacked to the wall behind Richter's desk are several postcards and snapshots: these are paintings by Chardin, a photograph of the World Trade Center in flames and a picture of the Austrian novelist Thomas Bernhard. ''I like the way he repeats and repeats the same idea in different ways,'' Richter explains. ''Also that he sees life so negatively. He is radically negative.''
Above Richter's desk hangs a portrait of Moritz as a baby. Having painted his father, uncle and aunt nearly 40 years ago, he has lately turned to his wife and children. In a recent series of works, he shows, in a high chair and bib, baby Moritz with food smeared on his face. Richter painted three versions of this picture; the other two are blurrier. By virtue of its straightforward clarity, this one, the only one he has kept, is the most sentimental. ''That was his first day feeding himself as a baby,'' Richter says. ''Yes, it is sentimental. But I'm old enough now to show my love. I have finally discovered what it means to be a good father.''
A catalog is open on his desk, to a page reproducing some of his early 60's paintings based on pornographic photographs. ''The porno was shameless, a test: how far could I go? I was foolish. I had no girlfriend, so I was maybe too interested in these sort of pictures.'' He says this half-jokingly, then immediately wants to retract it. ''The art was too personal,'' he explains. ''I think I keep a poker face, but I never really do. It's embarrassing.
''Today all artists are expected to be wild, destructive, but this is fashion. In the 60's, I was wild, but then it was not so common. No one even with rubber gloves on would have thought of touching a show of Julian Schnabels back then. Lüpertz had no hope of finding an assistant. Today he is director of the art academy.
''I'm not young anymore,'' he adds, and at that moment glances at his watch and notices it is nearly time for him to cross the garden to the house for his usual solitary lunch. He says: ''I can bear this -- that I am not the young wild guy. I hope that the lust to work doesn't leave me. That would be sad. I am glad to get honors and high prices. But artists are valued today in terms of money, auctions. I wish society would need art more, but it doesn't. So I feel very lonely in this culture.''
Photos: Richter at home with his wife, Sabine, and their two children, Moritz and Ella.; ''Townscape Madrid,'' 1968.; ''256 Colors,'' 1974.; ''Two Candles,'' 1982.; ''48 Portraits,'' 1971-72: Louis Victor de Broglie, Bjornstjerne Bjornson, Rainer Maria Rilke, Albert Einstein, Franz Kafka, Giacomo Puccini, Paul Claudel, Gustav Mahler, André Gide, Oscar Wilde.; ''Man Shot Down 1,'' 1988, from the ''October 18, 1977'' series.; ''Abstract Picture (867-1),'' 2000.; ''Farm,'' 1999.; ''Moritz,'' 2000.; ''Abstract Picture (649-1),'' 1987.; ''Flowers,'' 1992.; In Richter's studio, nary a brush bristle is out of place. (artwork copyright $; Gerhard Richter; artwork courtesy of Marian Goodman Gallery, New York. copyright $; Gerhard Richter; photograph by Thomas Struth for The New York Times)


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After he got off work yesterday, Shawn brought home an amazing present for me… a bike!
I've been anticipating this to arrive for a couple of weeks and when it finally did, I was thrilled. I took it for a quick spin down the street to test it out and it was so much fun! All of a sudden I had these visions of biking with Shawn and the toned muscles that would come along with it. I felt the wind blowing in my hair and then I remembered last week.
A friend lent Shawn a bike for me to ride last week so out we went. I complained the whole time, my butt hurt like crazy, my thighs burned, we didn't know where we were going and I stopped a few times just to be angry.
In light of that, I have a confession: I hate exercising. I know, I know… I should do it anyway, but it's just so.dang.awful! I have tried everything from running to yoga to rock climbing to strength training and while I do some things for a period of time, I can't get anything to stick. I am a professional quitter in this area and I'm not proud of it.
To be honest, this is actually really hard for me to admit. My whole life revolves around health and wellness and yet this is the one area that has been the most difficult. I eat amazingly well, I work out my mind, spirit and emotions every day, my relationships are good, my eduction is a joy… but exercise? Practically non-existant.
This has got to change! We all know the reasons why we should exercise. It could not be any more clear that this should be a non-negotiable in our lives. If I've learned anything recently, it's if I should then I must.
I'm writing this post as a commitment:
1) I will change my story. I will no longer identify with the old tape that says "I hate exercise". My new mantra must be, "I love to exercise. It gives me energy, health and vitality. I do it because it's a joy and I feel amazing when I do."
2) I will exercise. Oh gosh… I'm going to regret this one later. I commit to exercising a minimum of 3 days a week. I will use my bike and I will try new things until I find something that works for me.
3) I will push myself beyond my comfort zone and I will not give up. I will not do the minimum required, but I will challenge myself to go beyond what I believe it possible.
Who's with me? I think that this moment can be the change, we just have to make a choice.
What is your favorite type of exercise? Are you in the same situation as I am? If so, how are you going to get over your road block? If you are successful, how did you overcome? Let me know your story in the comments below.
I choose to exercise and move my body for the sake of my health and happiness. What do you choose?


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I have before me a copy of a small book called "Christian Union," written by Ben M. Bogard. I wish to quote the following from page 56:
"Before the year 1832 the Baptists believed and practiced the same things. At that time (1832) they divided on the following questions: Missions, salary to preachers, boards, conventions, schools and colleges, etc. Previous to this all were one, and such a question, as who were the Primitive Baptists, was never asked, because they were all primitive. Whatever ;vas practiced and believed before the year 1832 by the Baptists was the practice and belief of Primitive Baptists. Those Baptists who do not teach the doctrines which Baptists taught before the year 1832 are not Primitive Baptists."
I wish to place before my readers another quotation from a Missionary Baptist:
"For it matters not which party is in the majority when a separation occurs, it is always true that the party which departs from the faith has fallen away."--Ray's Baptist Succession, p. 160.
If we can find out what the Baptists believed before 1832, and then can find a group of Baptists believing the same things now, they are Primitive Baptist; and those who do not believe the same doctrine, are not Primitive Baptists. Crosby. the English Baptist historian, observes that "there have been two parties of Baptists in England ever since the beginning of the Reformation--those who followed the Calvinistic scheme of doctrine, and from the principal point therein, personal election, have been termed Particular Baptists; and those who have professed the Arminian or Remonstrant tenets, and have also from the chief of these doctrines, universal redemption, have been called General Baptists."
Speaking of the doctrine held to by the Baptists prior to 1832, Smucker, in his history, p. 40. says:
"The doctrinal system of this denomination of Baptists is Calvinistic and orthodox. They believe in the eternal decree of God, in reference to the salvation of the elect, and hold that such as have been predestinated to be saved from the foundation of world shall be saved, and no others."
This is what the Baptists believed before the division in 1832. If the Missionary Baptists believe this doctrine they are Primitive Baptists. If they do not believe this doctrine they are the fallen away party and are not Primitive Baptists. Ben Bogard says they are not.
I have before me what is known as the Benjamin Keach's Catechism. Elder Keach was born in 1640 and died in 1704. Elder Hanserd Knollys was born in 1598 and died in 1691. These two, with thirty-five other Old Baptist ministers have their signatures signed to the old London Confession of Faith, published first in 1643 by the authority of seven Old Baptist churches and last by the authority of upwards of one hundred Old Baptist churches in 1689. These churches were from England and Wales, and they unanimously asserted they did not believe in a general atonement or the Arminian doctrine. The Missionary Baptists have never met denying the general atonement doctrine, therefore the "upwards of a hundred" congregations could not have been what is now known as Missionary Baptist churches. The catechism of Elder Keach may be found in D. C. Haynes' Church History, p. 76:
"Did God leave all mankind to perish in the state of sin and misery ? Answer: God having, out of His mere good pleasure, from all eternity, elected some Lo everlasting life, did enter into a covenant of grace, to deliver them out of the state of sin and misery, and to bring them into a state of salvation, by a Redeemer."
Elder Keach. being a Primitive Baptist, did not hesitate to say that God saved His people through His Son. If he had been a modern Missionary Baptist he likely would have said, "It has been a glorious work, this work of saving the lost through the preaching of the blessed gospel, a work that the angels of God would delight to do. But what a small part of this work we are doing! As we look over the reports from the churches of the year's work our hearts are saddened at the thought that so little is being done by us to save the world for Christ."--Minute of Oconee Association of Tennessee, 1896.
The Missionary Baptists tell us that they are our father; and as it is a fact that parents are older than their children, we children want to call our parents' attention to what they taught before they made us. Of course the "upwards of one hundred congregations" that met in London in 1689 were our parents--the Missionary Baptists. We are going to let our parents tell what they believed before they made us: "God hath decreed in Himself from all eternity, by the most wise and holy counsel of His will, freely and unchangeably, all things whatsoever come to pass; vet so as thereby is God neither the author of sin. nor hath fellowship with any therein, nor is violence offered to the will of the creature, nor yet is the liberty or contingency of second causes taken away. but rather established, in which appears His wisdom in disposing all things, and power and faithfulness in accomplishing His decree."
This is a part of the doctrine our parents said they believed before they gave their children being. And now they denounce their children as Hyper-Calvinists, Antinomians, Do-nothings, Anti-Missionaries and Hard-shells. But let me quote some more of the doctrine our religious parents left on record for their children:
"As God has appointed the elect unto glory, so He hath by the eternal and most free purpose of His will foreordained all the means thereunto; wherefore they who are elected, being fallen in Adam, are redeemed by Christ, are effectually called unto faith in Christ, by His Spirit working in due season; are justified, adopted, sanctified, and kept by His power through faith unto salvation; neither are any other redeemed by Christ, or effectually called, justified, adopted, sanctified, and saved, but the elect only."
I will quote from the Articles of Faith of the Strict or Hyper-Calvinistic Baptists of England, as our so-called parents, the Missionary Baptists call them:
"We believe that the eternal redemption which Christ has obtained by the shedding of His blood is special and particular; that is to say, that it was intentionally designed only for the elect of God, the sheep of Christ, who therefore alone share in the special and particular blessings thereof."
This is what the Baptists believed before the division of 1832, and the Baptists that believed the above doctrine then still believe as they did then. If Fuller & Company had believed the doctrine they found the Baptists contending for when they joined them, they would not have wanted it changed. Fuller and Carev did not change the doctrine and practice of the church they joined. They introduced new doctrines to correspond with the new practices they introduced into the Church. The Missionary Baptists have not the same doctrine and practice the Baptist Church had before the division of 1832; therefore, they are not Primitive Baptists, they themselves being judges. "We believe that the justification of God's elect is only by the righteousness of the Lord Jesus Christ imputed to them, without consideration of any works of righteousness, before or after calling, done by them, and that the full and free pardon of all their sins, past, present, and to come, is only through the blood of Christ, according to the riches of His grace."
But let me quote again from the Old English Baptists:
"We believe that the work of regeneration is not an act of man's free will and natural power, but that it springs from the operation of the mighty, efficacious, and invincible grace of God." "And we also believe that man's works, good or bad, have nothing to do with his call, or being quickened, by the Holy Spirit."
Article 12 of the faith subscribed to by Gill, Gadsby, Philpot and others reads: "We believe in the effectual calling of all the elect vessels of mercy out of the ruins of the fall in God's appointed time, and that the work of regeneration, or new birth, is the sovereign work of God, and His work only, the sinner being as passive therein as in his first birth, and previously thereto dead in trespasses and sins." Article 24 says, "We believe that the invitations of the gospel, being Spirit and life, are intended only for those who have been made by the blessed Spirit to feel their lost state as sinners and their need of Christ as their Saviour, and to repent of and forsake their sins." "We deny that Christ died for all mankind."
I have before me a copy of J. C. Philpot's Meditations. On page 171 he says, "The determinate choice of the members of this mystical body, which we believe to have been not general and indiscriminate, not national as to privileges, not with respect to faith and obedience foreseen, as any other such scheme as the wit of man has devised to nullify or render palatable a doctrine offensive to the carnal mind; but an election personal and individual; in other words, an absolute, unconditional, and distinct choice of every individual member, so that there should be. in their totality neither more or fewer than should make a perfect body. This personal and individual election is intimated in the words. 'According as He hath chosen us in Him before the foundation of the world, that we should be holy and without blame before Him in love.'--Eph, i. 4.
At about the age of 18 William Gadsby baptized John Kershaw. I have before me a copy of the history of the life of Elder Kershaw, from which I wish to make a few quotations. On page 34. we have this language:
"The elect are God's people that He hath loved and chosen in Christ from before the foundation of the world, and ordained them unto eternal life and salvation through Christ: and He has done this according to His good will and sovereign pleasure, as He has said to Moses. 'I will have mercy on whom I will have mercy, and I will have compassion on whom I will have compassion. *** Thus. you see, it is those whom He has loved and chosen and ordained to eternal life that will be saved, and none else."
The Gospel Standard Strict Baptists of England most nearly of all the people in England resemble the Primitive Baptists of the United States. They have Sunday schools in which they teach their children to read the Scriptures. They do not claim that the Sunday school is a nursery of the church, as the Missionary Baptists do. They do not practice feet washing as a literal observance in their churches. They condemn theological seminaries. They do not have associations as our people do in the United States. They do not send out men to preach, neither do they contribute to missionary societies. I aim to show that the early Baptist churches in the United States were not modern Missionary Baptist churches either in doctrine or practice. I am aware of their claims to being the original Baptists. and that is the reason why I wish to prove that their claims have no real foundation. There is no doubt about many of them being the children of God. and if they only knew it they are really Primitive Baptists at heart. I hope to be able to reach many of that class of their members. and should my writings on the church question be the means of saving just one from the error of his way, I shall be remunerated for my labor of love.
The Primitive or Old School Baptists cling to the doctrines and practices held by Baptist Churches throughout America at the close of the Revolutionary War. This site is dedicated to providing access to our rich heritage, with both historic and contemporary writings.


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Song Dandan Movies and Career Information
Nov 30, -0001
Dandan Song (Chinese: 宋丹丹; pinyin: Sòng Dāndān; born 1961 in Beijing) is a is a very popular Chinese skit and sitcom actress. She was trained and started as a drama actress. But it was her skit debut, A Date with Slug, in 1989 CCTV New Year's Gala that brought her immediate success. Afterwards she costarred firstly with Huang Hong then with her most successful partner, Zhao Benshan in many Gala show skits. Some of her highlights included "Anti-family plan Guerilla", and "Yesterday, today and Tomorrow". On television her most famous role was in I Love My Family (我爱我家). In recent years, Home with Kids (家有儿女) is also a notable sitcom she starred in. Song Dandan also has a cameo role in House of Flying Daggers.
- Song Dandan Movies before 2015
- House of Flying Daggers 2004
- Getting Home (Luo ye gui gen)


text:
Is it really any surprise that religion's not going away? It can't because we're born with it. So says the three-year, million dollar international research project just released from Oxford University. Nature or nurture? Decidedly the former. The project's co-director, Roger Trigg, told the Daily Mail:
'Attempts to suppress religion are likely to be short-lived as human thought seems to be rooted to religious concepts, such as the existence of supernatural agents or gods, and the possibility of an afterlife or pre-life.
'There is quite a drive to think that religion is private. It isn't just a quirky interest of a few, it's basic human nature.
'This shows that it's much more universal, prevalent, and deep-rooted. It's got to be reckoned with. You can't just pretend it isn't there.'


text:
The NFL season just finished over a week ago, there's potential of a pending lockout and what are most fans talking about? The NFL futures betting and the odds of who will win Super Bowl XLVI.
It's always a fun debate to have in the offseason. Setting aside the collective bargaining agreement debates, we have no idea what the teams will do in the draft or free agency, but we can still speculate prior to any of that.
The New England Patriots are the favorites to win it all. They were 14-2 this season with a relatively young team and they are only going to get better. Throw in the fact that they have tons of draft picks – two in the first round – and they are going to get quite the infusion of high quality talent.
In the NFC, the favorite will not come as a surprise to anyone: it's the Green Bay Packers.
The Packers won the Super Bowl this season and they have an extremely young team that will be intact to make another run in 2011-12. The bigger key for them is that they will also get reinforcements in the way of healthy players. This season, they placed 15 players on injured reserve – including five starters – and they still won the Super Bowl. How good will they be next season when they get their full allotment of weapons.
In any case, it's still a long ways away and we may have quite the standoff in the labor dispute, but for now, at least we know who the frontrunners are for Super Bowl XLVI.


text:
Hummingbirds (Trochilidae)
Scaled Metaltail (Metallura aeneocauda) - HBW 5, p. 651
French: Métallure à queue d'airain
German: Schuppenbauch-Glanzschwänzchen
Spanish: Metalura Escamosa
Other common names: Andean Metaltail; Brassy Metaltail (aeneocauda); Reddish Metaltail (malagae)
Taxonomy: Trochilus (——?) æneocauda Gould, 1846, Bolivia.
Forms superspecies with M. eupogon, M. theresiae, M. odomae, M. baroni and M. williami. Race malagae formerly considered to be distinct species, but in context of typical infraspecific variation within present genus morphological differences justify only subspecific separation. Two subspecies recognized.
Subspecies and Distribution:
- aeneocauda (Gould, 1846) - E Andean slopes from SE Peru (Cordillera Vilcabamba) to NW Bolivia (Yungas of La Paz).
- malagae Berlepsch, 1897 - Incachaca in Yungas of Cochabamba (C Bolivia).
- Least Concern Enlarge map
Videos0 videos
- No videos available yet
Photos4 photos
A female perched on a flower.
Locality Cotapata National Park, La Paz Department, Bolivia (ssp aeneocauda)
Joe Tobias 1 January 2005 4 years ago 3.5
A male perched on a branch.
Locality Cotapata National Park, La Paz Department, Bolivia (ssp aeneocauda)
Joe Tobias 1 January 2005 4 years ago 3
A male on the ground.
Locality Munyamachay, La Paz Department, Bolivia
Joe Tobias 2 February 2005 4 years ago 2.7
A female feeding on flight, showing underparts.
Locality Canchayllo, Junín Department, Peru (ssp malagae)
Joe Tobias 1 December 2004 4 years ago 2
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Reigning Olympic champion Evgeni Plushenko skated into a solid first place — earning a new personal best score along the way — at the 2010 ISU European Figure Skating Championships in Tallinn, Estonia. Brian Joubert and Yannick Ponsero from France placed second and third, respectively.
Plushenko's program to "Concierto de Aranjuez" earned 91.30 points, a slight increase over his 90.66 score, which he earned at the 2006 Olympic Winter Games. "I think it was the best performance of the season. I did the quad-triple, and that was really important," the reigning Russian men's champion said. "For some reason the quad wasn't so consistent in practice here. I had a few inner doubts. The jumps are, after all, the most important thing in men's skating, in my opinion. But, I told myself to just to go out and do it. I pushed myself. Today I beat my personal best score, but I won't be euphoric. Tomorrow is another day, an important day."
Joubert, the last of the 37 competitors to skate, put down a dynamic performance to "Rise" by Safri Duo, earning 88.55 points, a new personal best. "It wasn't easy for me to skate last, especially after the kind of program that Evgeni Plushenko did," the defending European Champion admitted. "I felt the pressure and I was nervous. I'm a little disappointed because I did a quad-double toe loop combination instead of a quad-triple. This morning in practice I didn't feel very good, but I felt good during the six minute warm-up and the quad went really well. My program today reflects my training. I've worked on the footwork and the spins, and it paid off."
Ponsero's elegant Spanish-themed program "La Corrida" program also earned a personal best score of 82.40 points. "I did a good job today. Now I have to stay focused for tomorrow. I plan to do one quad and a clean program," he said.
Michal Březina from the Czech Repuplic placed fourth with 79.60 points ahead of 2006 Olympic silver medalist Stéphane Lambiel (77.75).
The men's free skate takes place on Thursday.
‹ Cohen Hits the Practice Ice: Will Face Tough Competition in Spokane


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TEMPE, Ariz. (AP) — In a miserable season for his Arizona Cardinals, defensive coordinator Ray Horton is nonetheless a rising star in NFL coaching circles.
Expect Horton to be interviewed for some head coaching positions this offseason. Perhaps even in Arizona, should the Bidwill family decide to fire coach Ken Whisenhunt.
Horton was saying all the right things Friday after the team's final practice of the season — all he's thinking about is Sunday's finale at San Francisco. But he did acknowledge it's every coach's goal to someday get the top job.
His players certainly believe in him. Defensive end Calais Campbell says Horton would be an "awesome" head coach, and he wouldn't be surprised if he receives a lot off offers.


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Flight MH370 search efforts have expanded, as the two pilots were further scrutinized. Malaysian authorities are looking closely at pilot Zaharie Adman Shah, 53, and Farq Ab Hamid, 27, as both had the high level skills to successfully divert the plane and to avoid detection. According to Los Angeles Times on Mar. 16, they are high on their list of suspects, which includes all of the airliner's passengers.
At Sunday's news conference, Malaysian officials said police had searched the home of 53-year-old pilot Zaharie Adman Shah and removed a flight simulator he kept at home.
Flight MH370 had its transponder and ACARS systems turned off early in the flight. It had sharply changed direction, zigzagged to avoid radar detection and quickly rose to 45,000 feet to ensure that passenger cellphones would not work before disappearing. The Malaysia Airlines plane also had enough fuel it is estimated to have flown another 7 more hours before running out or needing to land anywhere.
About Flight MH370 has been gone for more than a week now, and authorities have widened the search or the missing plane to include the Indian Ocean and Kazakstan. After nine days of searching no sign of the plane or the 285 people onboard have been found.
What do you think about the Flight MH370 story? Please drop in your comments below.
Recent articles from this Examiner (click on the link to read):
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Utah trucker: Charges filed against trucker accused of keeping sex slaves
Hawaii terror suspect: Manhunt underway for top domestic terrorist
Saudi princesses: Held captive according to U.N. email claim


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Ever since Angela made her debut in Marvel's 2013 Age of Ultron event, fans have wondered why the Neil Gaiman created warrior was introduced at all. It was announced today at C2E2, that Angela's backstory will be revealed in Original Sin and she is Odin's daughter thus making her Loki and Thor's sister. Wolverine and the X-Men writer Jason Aaron will team up with Al Ewing to write the Thor issues of Original Sin.
Angela was created by Neil Gaiman and Todd McFarlene in 1993 in the creator-owned popular comic Spawn. Gaiman won a lawsuit against McFarlene for the rights to the character and subsequently sold her to the Marvel Universe upon his return to the company in 2013. Angela was quickly established into the Guardians of the Galaxy books soon after her debut in Age of Ultron #10. Now she has her eyes set on Asgard.
The Original Sin event will reveal many hidden secrets that will reshape the Marvel Universe. In the limited-series, The Watcher is killed by a mysterious assailant who now possesses his eye which is capable of seeing into hidden truths. Does this mean Angela is an Asgardian? Lots of questions will be answered as Original Sin continues.


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The Boston Globe interviewed MITEI Director Bob Armstrong on the opening of the new center.
For help finding a researcher or other requests, please contact:
Emily Dahl
Communications Director
(617) 253-3411
Secondary contact:
Francesca McCaffrey
Communications Coordinator
(617) 324-2408
Saudi Aramco, a company that last year produced an average 9.5 million barrels of crude oil a day, on Wednesday opened a research center in Cambridge, the first of three new US research facilities the global energy giant will set up by the end of next year...
...Robert C. Armstrong, director of the MIT Energy Initiative, said Aramco's presence in Massachusetts is a sign that the state's energy technology industry one day could be as significant as its lucrative biotechnology sector.
Armstrong said the Aramco seems interested in what it can learn from research in other industries, such as nanotechnology and material sciences, that can then be applied to energy.
"Cambridge specifically gives them an intellectual and innovative hub, and a field of new ideas," he said.


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Nov. 17, 2012
UCLA's Game Notes | 2012-13 Media Guide
BROOKLYN, N.Y. - The No. 13-ranked UCLA men's basketball team will play Georgetown (2-0) in a semifinal match of the Progressive Legends Classic in Brooklyn, N.Y. (Barclays Center) on Monday evening. Game time is 5 p.m. (PT). Monday night's game will be televised live on ESPN2.
The Bruins improved to 3-0 last Thursday evening, securing an 100-70 win over James Madison (0-1). Sophomore guard Norman Powell led UCLA with 27 points, and freshman guard Jordan Adams registered 25 points. Adams has become UCLA's first freshman to open his rookie season by scoring at least 20 points in each of the Bruins' first three games.
Venue: Barclays Center (18,000), in Brooklyn, N.Y.
Tip-Off Time: 5:05 p.m. PST
Television: ESPN2
TV Talent: Dan Shulman (play-by-play), Dick Vitale (analyst), Andy Katz (reporter)
Radio (UCLA Sports Network from IMG College): AM 570
Radio Talent: Chris Roberts (play-by-play), Tracy Murray (analyst)
- UCLA has opened its 2012-13 season with a 3-0 record, marking the sixth time in 10 years under head coach Ben Howland that UCLA has won its first three games (best start under Howland came in 2006-07 at 14-0).
- Freshman guard Jordan Adams (Atlanta, Ga.) has become the first freshman in UCLA history to record at least 20 points in each of his first three collegiate games (currently averaging 24.0 points per game).
- The NCAA announced on Friday, Nov. 16, that freshman Shabazz Muhammad's eligibility has been certified. The 6-foot-6 product from Las Vegas, Nev., will be eligible to play in UCLA's game against Georgetown on Monday.
- The Bruins defeated James Madison, 100-70, on Thursday evening in New Pauley Pavilion. UCLA reached the 100-point plateau for the first time since Dec. 15, 2009 (def. New Mexico State, 100-68).
- UCLA will play in New York City for the third consecutive season and for the fourth time in the last five seasons. The Bruins dropped a 66-63 decision to St. John's (at Madison Square Garden) on Feb. 18, 2012.
- The Bruins opened their season in New Pauley Pavilion on Nov. 9, 2012, after the building underwent a 33-month, $136 million renovation. Last year, UCLA played 18 regular-season "home" games at two local venues.
UCLA has won both previous meetings against Georgetown, securing a 71-70 decision in Washington D.C. on Feb. 8, 2003, after having defeated the Hoyas, 98-91, in Pauley Pavilion on Dec. 29, 2001 ... in the Feb. 8 2003 meeting, Cedric Bozeman made two free throws with 4.9 seconds to play, snapping UCLA's nine-game losing streak ... Bozeman had entered that game as a 48 percent free throw shooter ... when the two schools faced on Dec. 29, 2001, Georgetown reduced UCLA's 22-point lead in the game's final minutes before the Bruins were able to secure the 98-91 win at home, pushing their record to 9-2.
Freshman guard Jordan Adams has scored at least 20 points in each of UCLA's first three games, becoming the only freshman in school history to have accomplished that feat (freshmen were not eligible to play on the varsity team until the 1972-73 season). Other notes on Adams' early-season accomplishments:
- First UCLA player to score 20-plus points in three straight games since Arron Afflalo (Jan. 20-28, 2007) ... Adams had 21 against Indiana State (Nov. 9), 26 versus UC Irvine (Nov. 13) and 25 against James Madison (Nov. 15).
- First UCLA player to open any season with three consecutive games of 20-plus points since Don MacLean in 1990-91 ... MacLean opened his junior campaign with six straight games of 20-plus points.
- Adams' 26 points versus UC Irvine (Nov. 13) are the most by any UCLA freshman since Kevin Love tallied 29 points on March 27, 2008 (UCLA def. Western Kentucky, 88-78, in the "Sweet 16").
- Adams became the first UCLA freshman to score in double digits in his first three collegiate games since Kevin Love accomplished that feat in November 2007 (Love had 22 in his debut, followed by 21 and 19).
Jordan Adams enters Monday's game against Georgetown having made 28 of 29 free throws this season, including each of his last 26 free throw attempts.
- Adams' current streak of 26 consecutive free throws made stands 17 shy of Darren Collison's school record (43) established during his senior season (2008-09) ... Adams' streak spans UCLA's three games this season.
- Adams made 16 of 16 free throws against UC Irvine (Nov. 13) ... he finished that game one free throw shy of Reggie Miller's Pauley Pavilion-record 17-for-17 FT effort against Arizona State (1/16/86).
- No UCLA player has made at least 16 free throws since Reggie Miller's 17-for-17 performance (1/16/86).
- Other recent "perfect" free throw efforts have come from Darren Collison (13/13, vs. Oregon State, 1/26/08) and Arron Afflalo (13/13, vs. Arizona, 2/4/06).
- Adams' 16-for-16 effort was five free throws shy of the Pac-12 Conference record for free throw percentage - John Block of USC made 21 of 21 free throws against Washington on Feb. 11, 1966.
- Adams' 16-for-16 effort was the best "perfect" free throw performance among Pac-12 players since Jan. 17, 2009, when Washington State's Taylor Rochestie went 16-for-16 at the line against Stanford in Pullman, Wash.
- As a senior in high school (2011-12) at Oak Hill Academy, Adams made 34 straight free throws during the first half of the season (over the course of 12 games), setting a school record for consecutive free throws made.
A key component off the bench for UCLA last season, sophomore Norman Powell registered career highs in UCLA's victory over James Madison last Thursday with 27 points, 10 field goals and 14 field goal attempts. The resident of San Diego, Calif., had averaged 5.5 points over the Bruins' first two games before erupting with a game-high 27 points against the Dukes. Powell's previous career high was 19 points, scored in a win over UC Irvine on Dec. 20, 2011.
With last week's 80-79 overtime victory against UC Irvine, UCLA improved its record to 11-7 in overtime during head coach Ben Howland's tenure (since 2003-04). UCLA did not play any overtime contests last season and has now won three of its last four games that have extended to overtime (Bruins went 2-1 in overtime in 2010-11). Against UC Irvine, Jordan Adams scored six of UCLA's 13 overtime points (going 4-for-4 at the free throw line).
Georgetown enters Monday's game with a 2-0 record, having registered early-season wins over Duquesne (61-55) and Liberty (68-59). Led by ninth-year head coach John Thompson III, the Hoyas have been selected to the NCAA Tournament in six of the last eight seasons. Freshman D'Vauntes Smith-Rivera leads Georgetown with 15.0 points per game. Last season, Georgetown went 24-9 overall, advancing to the third round of the NCAA Tournament.
The Bruins return three starters from its 2011-12 team - junior forwards David Wear (10.2 ppg) and Travis Wear (11.5 ppg) and junior guard Tyler Lamb (8.8 ppg). Junior center Joshua Smith (9.9 ppg) and sophomore guard Norman Powell (4.6 ppg) saw significant action off the bench for UCLA last season. Lamb and Powell were two of three players on the team (along with then-senior Lazeric Jones) to have played in all 33 games. The Bruins went 19-14 in 2011-12, recording an 11-7 mark in Pac-12 play (tied for fifth place).
UCLA's program has welcomed eight newcomers - five freshmen, one sophomore, and two juniors - in addition to gaining the services of redshirt senior guard Larry Drew II, who sat out the 2011-12 season after transferring from North Carolina. ESPN.com has ranked UCLA's incoming class as the nation's No. 1 recruiting class (featuring true freshmen Jordan Adams, Kyle Anderson, Shabazz Muhammad and Tony Parker). Entering Monday's game, Adams leads UCLA with 24.0 points per game and Anderson has logged a team-high 9.7 rebounds per game.
UCLA played 19 home games on the road in 2011-12 - 14 at the Los Angeles Sports Arena, four at the Honda Center (Anaheim, Calif.) and one exhibition game at Citizens Business Bank Arena (Ontario, Calif.). After winning the exhibition game in Ontario, the Bruins posted a 14-4 record at their local "home" venues, including a perfect 4-0 mark at the Honda Center in Anaheim. UCLA went 10-4 in games played at the Los Angeles Sports Arena.
UCLA will face either Indiana or Georgia on Tuesday evening. The Bruins and Hoosiers are 6-6 against each other in the all-time series. The two storied programs last faced off in the second round of the 2007 NCAA Tournament, with UCLA securing a 54-49 victory to advance to the "Sweet 16" for the second consecutive season. In that contest, Darren Collison scored 15 point, hit two late free throws and made the game-deciding steal after Indiana had clawed back to tie the contest, 49-49. UCLA owned a 20-13 lead against Indiana at halftime.
UCLA has gone 2-2 in four meetings with Indiana in NCAA Tournament action. Aside from the second round meeting in 2007, the Bruins have played Indiana in the NCAA Tournament in 1992 (loss), 1976 (loss) and 1973 (win). UCLA's 70-59 victory over the Hoosiers on March 23, 1972, propelled the Bruins into the NCAA title match, where they defeated Memphis, 87-66, to win the NCAA Championship.
The Bruins have posted a 2-0 record in the all-time series against Georgia. Ranked No. 2 in the nation, UCLA defeated the Bulldogs in Pauley Pavilion, 87-80, in a non-conference meeting on Jan. 4, 1992. The following season, No. 13 UCLA downed Georgia, 68-63, in a neutral site contest played at the Georgia Dome in Atlanta, Ga. Led by head coach Mark Fox (now in his fourth year at the school), Georgia posted a 15-17 record last season (5-11 in the SEC).
Junior Tyler Lamb is currently listed as a gametime decision for Monday's contest against Georgetown. He did not play in either of UCLA's last two games (Nov. 13, Nov. 15). Lamb played in the season opener (14 minutes, Nov. 9) after having missed four weeks prior to the season recovering from arthroscopic surgery on his left knee (Oct. 9). Freshman Kyle Anderson sustained a bone contusion on his right wrist in the first half of UCLA's game against UC Irvine (Nov. 13) but did not miss any significant time in that game or the next. Sophomore Nick Kazemi remains sidelined with a sprained left MCL (sustained during practice on Oct. 26) and is expcted to miss 1-2 months.
- Now in his 10th season as the Bruins' head coach, Ben Howland has become just the third head coach in program history to have coached UCLA for at least 10 seasons (also Caddy Works and John Wooden).
- Prior to the season-opening win over Indiana State (Nov. 9), two of UCLA's 17 players had played in "old" Pauley Pavilion - juniors Tyler Lamb and Joshua Smith. David and Travis Wear were members of the 2010-11 team (UCLA's most recent season in Pauley Pavilion) but sat out due to NCAA rules after having transferred from North Carolina.
- The Bruins have posted a 112-24 record (.824) in Pauley Pavilion under head coach Ben Howland. Now in its 47th season in the building, UCLA has compiled a 640-99 record (.866) in Pauley Pavilion.
- UCLA had entered the 2012-13 campaign having returned 63.6 percent of its scoring production and 64.1 percent of its rebound production from one year ago ... the Bruins' greatest loss was the departure of senior Lazeric Jones, who was UCLA's top scorer (13.5 ppg) and leader in overall assists (136 assists, 4.1 apg).


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To unravel the mysteries of our just over 4.6-billion-year-old earth, you need to ask the stones, and then listen patiently to what they tell you.
With its myriad different formations, Anatolia spreads beneath our feet like the pages of a geology book. Here I shall describe a few of the geological marvels I have encountered in these lands, not as a geologist but as a traveler.
"The wind ruffles the curtain at my window / The wind that makes white caps on the sea." So go the words of a popular song by Grup Gündoğarken. Only they leave something out. They should also mention, "The wind that wears down rocks and stones," a job that sometimes takes thousands of years to complete, the speed of the process depending on whether the earth's surface is hard or soft. And if there is a difference in thickness between the layers of the earth's crust formed in different periods, then very unexpected shapes may occur.
Along the Aegean coast near Alaçatı there are a number of intriguing rock formations, ranging from enormous feet to shapes like ships with geological specimens resembling roots of trees bursting from the rocks and snaking across the ground and others that look like seated people. Earthquakes too played a big role in producing the rocky coastlines that poke into the sea like fingers. The rocks begin where the fertile lands that grow anise, onions, olives and artichokes end. Alaçatı bay is a virtual 'workshop of the waves'. And the rock formations of Gökçeada, a small Aegean island off Turkey's coast, are another. The most famous of these is the formation known to the islanders as the 'Kaşkaval Kayalıkları'. Why is it named for a kind of cheese? The island elders tell the story of a mean cheese maker whose products turned to stone because he refused to share them with some hungry people.
If the sea isn't cool enough for them, travelers to Fethiye in summer can take a plunge into Saklıkent Canyon. After the first few kilometers, further progress along this 13-km-long stone corridor poses difficulties even for mountain climbers and spelunkers. Saklıkent is reached by road via Fethiye-Antalya. If you follow the sign for Saklıkent after Kemer, you will come first to the turnoff for Tlos and then,
21 kilometers later, to the canyon at the village of Kayadibi. The canyon begins some 50 km from Fethiye. The entrance is crowded with tourists who will wade through the ice cold water and then proceed for another one or two kilometers inside the canyon, taking a rest on their return on the low divans and kilims spread on wooden platforms over the water. While they are walking through the canyon, passengers on boats en route from Kaş to Fethiye can swim in the underwater caves that are yet another of the region's geological wonders.
Sometimes when waters issuing from a natural spring come in contact with the air, the carbon dioxide in them escapes and the dissolved calcium carbonate precipitates as a solid. This is how the formations we call travertine come about. Steam rises from the hot waters at Pamukkale throughout winter and on cold spring mornings, and there are people who come here just to witness the phenomenon. Some 5 kilometers from the waters that give rise to Pamukkale's white travertines, another stream stains the stone red and green as it flows. And the source of this river, the Karahayıt with its high concentration of ferrous minerals, is another tourist attraction.
But Pamukkale doesn't have a monopoly on travertines. There are also travertines under the ground at Denizli! Turning off the main road from Pamukkale in the direction of Afyon, you will come to an area known as Kaklık. If you turn left as if to go to the cement factory, after six kilometers you will come to the mouth of a cave smack dab at the end of the road. And as you make your way down through its cascading waters, you will come face to face with a miracle of nature. A miniature Pamukkale below a waterfall inside Kaklık Cave!
It would not be far off the mark to describe Zindan Cave as a palace of stone fashioned by nature under the ground. To see the cave, take the road through the deep valley 2 kilometers from the town of Aksu in Isparta province. This giant cleft in the rock is called the Aksu Stream Strait, and the mouth of the cave that extends inside it like a great trough is loud with the shrieks of swallows that make their mud nests here from spring to the end of summer. The rush of the waters mingles with their cries. A long, low cave, Zindan stretches for 760 meters, and explorations have revealed another 390-meter-long section not open to visitors. Inside, it is a wonderworld of stalactites and stalagmites, a geological rock of ages formed patiently by nature over thousands of years. What makes Zindan different from other caves is that in past centuries it was used for religious rituals.
If you lead a humdrum existence, then you will have a chance to live, briefly at least, 'on the brink' at Sinop. For this you need to go to Inceburun, 22 km from the city center, where a lighthouse, like so many lighthouses in Turkey these days, blinks automatically at the edge of the volcanic rocks.
Another legacy of Anatolia's volcanoes are the volcanic cones in Kula township of Manisa province and, not far away, a valley that recalls the formations of Cappadocia. Volcanic activity is known to have commenced here 1.1 million years ago and to have continued until about 2-3 thousand years ago. To the pages of our geology book we can also add the rock formations in the walls of Rumkale in Gaziantep's Yavuzeli township, the giant monolith in which the Midas monument is engraved at Eskişehir Seyitgazi, the black rock atop which Ayancık Citadel perches, the rock formations that jut out of the sea like knives at Türkeli on the Black Sea coast, the 'Pink Rocks' of Kerpe again on the Black Sea and, finally, Köprülü Canyon in Turkey's Mediterranean province of Antalya. There's no denying it. In Anatolia even the stones speak...