text:
James Liu, June 2008
Abstract: This article focuses on providing device drivers for the Solaris OS, beginning with foundational information about the Solaris kernel architecture in general and device drivers in particular. This article then develops a minimal skeleton driver.
Whenever a bunch of tech-savvy folks get together and compare operating system kernels, there is a good chance the issue of device support will come up. While the kernel is the core piece of software that bridges the gap between hardware and software, it's the small chunks of code known as device drivers that enable a platform's peripherals to interface with users.
Access by device drivers to and from the kernel relies on a well-defined set of interfaces [1]. The Solaris OS was first released in 1992, so it has a mature set of interfaces for a wide variety of devices. In fact, some developers might have started out writing graphics, network, and storage controller drivers using the Solaris OS years ago. However, until recently, the number of experienced Solaris device driver writers has been a relatively small elite group. Some critics cite the Solaris OS being closed-source as the main reason. But since the release of core kernel code into the open source community in June 2005 [2], the number of programmers engaged in Solaris driver development has grown and attracted a more casual user and developer interest in drivers.
In this article, we get acquainted, or perhaps for some readers, reacquainted with Solaris device drivers. We take a pragmatic approach that looks at device drivers, first from the point of view of a system installer or administrator who wants to configure a binary driver to make it work with a particular device, and second, from the point of view of a developer who wants to port a driver to the Solaris OS or write a driver from scratch for the Solaris OS. We hope to demystify Solaris drivers and make driver development as straightforward as application development.
For the uninitiated, the first approach to writing a device driver can be very intimidating. You do need to overcome a steep learning curve before you can successfully write device drivers. Part of the obstacle is that device drivers do interact with both the kernel and hardware. The standards for quality are necessarily higher since poor programming of a driver module can kill the whole kernel and panic the entire OS. Applications, however, either in the Solaris OS or in other well architected operating systems, are segmented from the kernel. A poorly written program can consume undue system resources, dump core, or mysteriously exit, but rarely will it bring down the kernel or other independently running programs. Aside from the fact that a device driver is code that runs typically in the kernel, there are many similarities between writing a device driver and writing a standard application. Like applications, device drivers are binary code, usually written in C, and compiled and linked to libraries.
The Solaris OS organizes and categorizes drivers into a device hierarchy known as a device tree. We can think of this just like a file directory structure. Just as a file hierarchy has directories, subdirectories, and files, each point in this tree represents a node that might be a branch point, sub-branch point, or endpoint. The device file system, or
devfs, is the instantiation of the device tree. In general, parent nodes in the device file system map to bus and bridge controller hardware, and leaf nodes map to other devices and controllers. The drivers for bus and bridge controller hardware are called nexus drivers. Other drivers are called leaf node drivers. Leaf node drivers control hardware that has standalone functionality. Examples of leaf node drivers include network interface cards and RAID host bus adapters. The device file system is discussed in more detail later in this article.
Figure 1 Sample Device Tree
Nexus drivers typically control bridge, bus, hub, and switch chips on the motherboard and are usually supplied by the Solaris OS. Nexus drivers are not usually implemented by third party driver writers. The Solaris OS includes nexus drivers for various bus and controller subsystems such as:
PCI and PCI-express buses [3]
USB nexus
Traditional ISA bus controllers for attached keyboards, mice, and serial ports
SCSI bus
IDE nexus
Framework for Generic LAN Devices
Because the Solaris OS supplies the nexus drivers, most developers focus on leaf node drivers, which come in two basic types: character and block. Character device drivers are used to access serial ports and custom I/O boards. Character device drivers can be implemented as non-STREAMS drivers or as STREAMS drivers. (This introduction won't go deeply into STREAMS drivers. Instead, that will be presented in a later article.) Block device drivers are often used to access filesystem disks and storage.
What's important to understand is that device drivers enable the Solaris kernel to access lower level hardware. At a high level, the kernel provides applications with a standard set of APIs that perform networking, device control, process and memory management, and access to storage. However, in order for the kernel to use a particular vendor's device, it needs to have code that provides that low-level functionality. That code is what maps the standard kernel library function calls into actions that will take place with a hardware device. This is the job of the device driver.
The following figure shows an overview of the Solaris OS architecture. Applications are at the user level. Device drivers are in the kernel. The hardware level includes CPU, disks, NICs.
Figure 2 Overview of the Solaris OS Architecture
Perhaps the main difference between application programming and driver programming is in freedom. The implementation of application programs usually is constrained only by a minimal set of rules that govern how the application interacts with the user's shell or the user's graphical interface. How the application actually does its job can be very flexible and virtually independent of the OS from the developer's perspective. For example, we could write a standalone program that has its own subroutines and we only implement the standard
main() entry point, which we know must be implemented in all standalone programs. Of course the program is still interacting and running within the OS, but from our perspective, we are insulated from having to deal with task scheduling, concurrency, memory access, resource allocation, and I/O collisions. Unless we're trying to write a fancy software package, the kernel and its libraries insulate us from dealing with many of these issues.
In driver programming, we have much less freedom and less of a safety net. We are no longer writing standalone code. Instead, we're writing software extensions that will enable the Solaris kernel to access a device. So when the kernel needs to use a device, we need to provide a driver module that implements an agreed-upon set of subroutines to enable the kernel to predictably control that device. Those subroutines follow a strict set of naming and coding constraints. Without those strict rules, the kernel would need to implement custom subroutines for every driver it would possibly load. Implementing custom subroutines in each driver would make the kernel very sensitive to changes in the device, and make it very impractical for an OS to keep up with a growing market for third-party peripheral devices. Today, all operating systems define relatively standardized device driver interfaces (DDIs) and device-kernel interfaces (DKIs).
The Solaris DDI/DKI has two parts. One part provides a stable set of callable function subroutines that simplify development. These functions are also portable, so using a particular DDI/DKI function in a driver allows a Solaris device driver to be compiled and run on a 32-bit x86 platform, on a 64-bit x86 platform, or on a SPARC platform with little or no change to source code. The DDI/DKI will do the right thing when running on the particular platform. The standard C libraries are still available to device driver writers, but when devices need to access I/O and manipulate bits within data, not using the DDI/DKI function calls can lead to big problems with sizes, endianness, and portability between platforms. The following figure shows a block diagram of a typical driver module with basic Solaris DDI/DKI.
Figure 3 Driver Module Block Diagram
In addition to these callable functions, the other half of the DDI/DKI defines interfaces for callback routines that developers must implement in their drivers. The kernel expects each driver to implement these interfaces and will invoke or "call back" those functions during known phases of the driver module's lifecycle. These callbacks include interfaces needed to handle loading and unloading operations, initializing and finishing, attaching and detaching, setup of interrupt handling, and standard I/O control to the physical device. Finally, developers need to implement additional interfaces in order for the driver to attach to a particular type of nexus controller such as SCSI, SATA, USB, LAN.
A natural question that arises from discussions of driver functions and interfaces is, How and where are driver states managed in the driver? Three primary data structures track driver state in the Solaris OS. Every driver references these three data structures. At the top level is the module operations or
mod_ops structure. This structure holds references to a module's state within the Solaris system. We pass the
mod_ops structure to the system during initialization and we also pass it to the system during finalization. One of the references within the
mod_ops structure points to a second device structure called
dev_ops. This device operations structure keeps track of device state and holds pointers to key device callbacks for
getinfo(), and
probe(). The
dev_ops structure also contains a reference to the
cb_ops structure, which is the actual character or block driver operations structure and contains a list of references to DDI-specific functions implemented in the driver.
Let's examine the driver lifecycle in a bit more detail. When the kernel loads a driver, it expects the driver to implement certain subroutines and pass in a reference to the module's
mod_ops structure to retain state. The required subroutines, defined in the DDI/DKI, at a minimum must implement callbacks for
_info() and
_init(). Conversely, when the driver is unloaded, the kernel expects to call the driver's
_fini() function. We can summarize these first three mandatory callbacks all drivers must implement as:
_info(9E) _init(9E) _fini(9E)
After the system loads a module (and also when the system is going to unload a module), the kernel looks for one of two device-specific callbacks to do the actual hardware initialization or finalization. These callbacks are similar to those required for the system to manage modules, but these are designed to manage the hardware. We can summarize the next two mandatory callbacks all drivers must implement as:
attach(9E) detach(9E)
At a minimum, all device drivers must implement the above five functions as defined in the DDI/DKI. The DDI/DKI also specify some standard functions for communicating with the device and performing I/O to and from the kernel to the device. These functions are:
open(9E) close(9E) read(9E) write(9E)
All of the above callbacks are function names with specific arguments that the Solaris OS requires of drivers so that the kernel knows how to notify and perform I/O with the driver.
You can run the following command to see the signature of the function and arguments, read a synopsis, and possibly see some sample code showing how the function is used within a driver:
% man -s 9E function_name
More information can be found in the system documentation that accompanies the Solaris OS. You can also obtain more detailed references online [1,4,5].
This section discusses the device tree, driver management files, and driver management commands.
On x86 platforms, the Solaris OS can run in both 32-bit and 64-bit mode depending on the processor architecture. By default, if we have a 64-bit capable platform, the Solaris OS boots into 64-bit mode and thus requires all its drivers to be 64-bit modules. This is because kernel modules share the same memory address space as the rest of the kernel. If the platform is only 32-bit capable, then the Solaris OS boots into 32-bit mode and loads only 32-bit modules. The general rule is that driver binaries must match the kernel bit-wise in pointer size. However, because applications do not run inside the kernel, a 64-bit kernel can run both 32-bit and 64-bit applications. A 32-bit kernel can only run 32-bit applications.
It is possible to force the boot of the Solaris OS into 32-bit mode on a 64-bit system by editing the grub boot menu during boot time and editing the grub command line. Either edit the file
/boot/grub/menu.lst and reboot, or reboot and enter
e at the grub menu. Typically, we change references to
kernel/amd64/unix or
kernel/$ISADIR/unix into
kernel/unix. This 32-bit boot mode can be made permanent by editing
/boot/grub/menu.lst, adding an appropriate entry for 32-bit, and setting that entry as the default. See [6]. There is no performance reason to boot 32-bit on a 64-bit system. However, we do this to verify that a driver runs equally well in both 32-bit and 64-bit mode on the Solaris OS.
When you finish compiling a driver and want to deploy the module, you need to know where the Solaris OS keeps the modules. For x86 and x64 platforms, the Solaris OS expects most driver modules to be in the following directories:
32-bit driver binaries and
driver.conf files
64-bit binaries
There are other directories we could copy modules to. The above directories are the recommended places for x86 driver binaries. Typically, when we build a driver module, we generate both 32-bit and 64-bit binaries and deploy them into the directories shown above, even if we only intend to run in one mode or the other. This makes the driver available for both types of platforms if we should ever copy the binaries over to another platform, or boot into a different bit-mode as explained above.
We mentioned above in The Solaris Device Tree that the Solaris OS actually implements a representation of the device tree as a file system known as
devfs. This file system manages the name space of all physical devices known to the Solaris OS and is mounted at boot time under the
/devices directory. This isn't a normal file system, and can't be altered using any regular file system commands. Instead, the OS controls this exclusively. Nodes are created in
devfs primarily when a driver module attaches to a device during initialization (see Driver Lifecycle). Each node is assigned a major and minor number which are displayed when performing a full directory file listing. The major number represents a particular driver module which the kernel has loaded to interface with this device, and the minor number represents the instance of this device. By default, the first instance number of a device starts with zero (0). If there are additional similar devices that use the same driver module, then they are assigned minor numbers 1, 2, and so on.
While the
/devices device file system represents all physical devices, the
/dev file system is a logical name mapping to those physical devices. In other words, the logical devices found in
/dev are just symbolic links to the actual nodes in
/devices. The
/dev file system is an actual file system that can be manipulated manually, but this is not recommended.
The reason to have two separate directories for device files is that the same logical device name might be expected by the system or by applications. But on a different platform, that logical device might be serviced by a completely different device from a different manufacturer using a different driver module. Consider the following audio example. If audio is working on a system, we will find
/dev/audio and
/dev/audioctl nodes as logical devices in
/dev. This is the same on any platform with audio. But that
/dev/audio might be pointing to an AC'97 audio device on one platform and an HD audio device on another, and each of these devices requires a different type of driver. The same analogy can be applied to disk storage. The Solaris OS might find a number of SCSI disks and a specific target controller. These typically map to
/dev/rdsk/cXtYdZsN, where
Z, and
N are numbers that indicate the controller bus, controller target, disk number or LUN, and slice number on that disk. But these logical disk devices might be pointing to an on-board SCSI controller in one case, and in another, a completely different RAID disk Host-Bus Adapter with a RAID volume. Yet the path names follow a similar logical rule, so this eases systems management.
Note that while the contents in
/devices can't be manipulated, we can still execute an
ls(1) within the directory, which suggests a tip to remember: When testing whether a driver attaches to a device, we can just run a listing and see if a node is actually created in
/devices when performing a driver load. We will discuss how we load, unload, and manage the nodes in
/devices and
/dev in Commands to Manage, Add, Remove, Update and Check Drivers.
Up to this point, some readers might still be scratching their heads about how the Solaris OS knows which module to load. Like any other OS, there is a master database file that maps driver modules to the actual device as defined by the Vendor and Device ID extracted either through the PCI bus or by another device hub such as the USB nexus. This text file is located in:
Another text file maps the actual physical device name (actually a path in
/devices) to an instance number of a driver name. This file is located in:
The system maps driver names to major numbers in the following file:
The system tracks a database of default permissions or access control lists for each instance of a driver in the following file:
While the
name_to_major, and
minor_perms files are hand editable, we recommend that you manipulate them only by using the driver commands discussed in the next section.
Below is a list of basic commands we use to maintain devices. These commands are the preferred way to manipulate the driver management files discussed above, rather than directly editing those files.
add_drv(1M) command adds a new driver. For example, to add a driver
foobar that will map to a PCI device with root-only permission, we can run the following command:
# /usr/sbin/add_drv -i '"pci0909,5c"' \ -m '* 0600 root sys' foobar
Note that in some cases, a driver might implement or belong to a certain class of device. For example, this is particularly true of storage Host Bus Adapters (HBAs) that implement what looks like a SCSI interface even though we can attach IDE, SATA, or SAS drives to the HBA. To declare to the system that such a driver is exporting the SCSI class interfaces, for example, we simply add
-c scsi to the
add_drv(1M) command.
rem_drv(1M) command removes an existing driver. Removes the driver from the
/etc/driver_aliases file but might not remove the driver from
/kernel/drv until after a reboot if that module is still in use.
# /usr/sbin/rem_drv foobar
update_drv(1M) command can update the properties of a driver already known to the system. Often used when adding a new PCI device that is known to use an existing driver. The format of this command is similar to the
add_drv command. For example, if we wanted to add a new PCI device to also be supported under the
foobar driver, we could run the following command:
# /usr/sbin/update_drv -i '"pci0909,8f"' \ -m '* 0600 root sys' foobar
modinfo(1M) command displays currently loaded module information. This command is a handy way to check whether a module is loaded into the system and what size the module is.
modload(1M) command manually loads a module.
modunload(1M) command tries to unload a module. Doesn't take effect if the driver is currently in use.
devfsadm(1M) command maintains the
/dev links and those in
Two steps are required when building a driver binary. The first step is to generate a driver binary object. The second step is to link the binary object.
To generate a driver binary object we can conveniently choose either the Sun Studio compiler [7] or the GNU C compiler (
gcc). Some operating systems such as Linux might require developers to stay within strict guidelines on version of the compiler for a particular kernel version in order for a new or updated kernel module to be binary compatible with the rest of the kernel. Unlike Linux, the Solaris OS maintains strict control over the binary interfaces publicly exported by the kernel and its C libraries. These interfaces do not mutate based on the version of compiler running on any given version of the Solaris OS, so it is usually safe to use any version of either
gcc or Sun Studio compilers to compile the driver object. See the appendix in [1] for lists of supported and deprecated interfaces.
While this is not supported or guaranteed, driver binaries compiled on the Solaris OS usually are forward compatible along the same version of the OS. In other words, a Solaris 10 1/06 driver binary should work on the Solaris 10 5/08 OS with no changes, as long as it uses only committed DDI/DKI interfaces. The same applies to Solaris Express or OpenSolaris drivers compiled for earlier versions. These should run with no changes or recompile on forward versions of the OS. Note that the reverse is not true: A driver compiled against a newer OS might not run on an older OS.
We summarize the compiler commands with a few examples below. For a complete summary, see the end of the first chapter of [5].
If you are compiling for a 64-bit x86 architecture using Sun Studio 10 or Sun Studio 11, use both the
-xarch=amd64 option and the
-xmodel=kernel option:
# cc -D_KERNEL -xarch=amd64 -xmodel=kernel -c foobar.c
We must use the
-D_KERNEL flag to signify that we're compiling for a kernel module. In the case of 64-bit compilation, we need to specify both the architecture (
-xarch=amd64) and the
-xmodel flags to insure a properly built 64-bit driver object. Note also that for Studio 12 and later compilers, the
-xarch=amd64 is deprecated and the new flag is
-m64, just as for
gcc. In case you were wondering, yes, we can build 64-bit binaries on a 32-bit running OS. But we need to remember that the default in both 32-bit and 64-bit systems is to build a 32-bit binary in the absence of any particular target architecture flags.
If you are compiling for a 64-bit x86 architecture using the GNU C compiler, use the following compile command:
# gcc -D_KERNEL -ffreestanding -m64 -c foobar.c
If you are compiling for a 32-bit architecture using the Sun Studio C compiler, use the following compile command:
# cc -D_KERNEL -c foobar.c
If you are compiling for a 32-bit architecture using the GNU C compiler, use the following compile command:
# gcc -D_KERNEL -ffreestanding -c foobar.c
All driver binaries must then be linked to resolve symbols in the final binary object. For basic modules that don't depend on any other kernel driver frameworks or other driver modules, the command is simply:
# ld -r -o foobar foobar.o
In many instances, a driver module also depends on other driver modules or must be dynamically linked to other kernel libraries. We present two examples below.
The following example shows how to link an audio driver binary object that depends on the Solaris OS audio support, mixer, and mixer source modules to generate a binary. The
-dy and
-N flags are typically used together when dynamically linking driver modules to kernel libraries.
# ld -r -dy -N misc/audiosup -N misc/mixer \ -N misc/amsrc -o audiodrv audiodrv.o
The following example shows how to link a typical network driver with the Solaris OS generic LAN driver (GLD) layer.
# ld -r -dy -N misc/gld -o nicdrv nicdrv.o
You can easily check whether a given module is 32-bit or 64-bit simply by using the
file(1) command on a binary object. The
file command should display whether the binary is an ELF 32-bit or ELF 64-bit binary. Lastly, we highly recommend putting these commands into a
make(1S) system Makefile to simplify build.
This section shows a skeleton driver that implements the minimum number of interfaces required. This section then shows the header file for that skeleton driver and the configuration file for that driver.
Typically, a driver is composed of one or more C files that implement the functions used by the kernel to access the driver. It is usual practice to find the module, device, and driver operations structures declared explicitly in each C file where the operations structure is used and not in the header file. It is common practice to declare the name of the driver as a prefix to functions and global variables that are specific to that driver. For example, the
attach() subroutine is implemented as
foobar_attach(). Note also that the majority of system interaction to load the module and cause the system to create major and minor nodes is located within the
foobar_attach() routine.
/* * foobar.c - example skeleton driver */ #include <sys/errno.h> #include <sys/conf.h> #include <sys/cmn_err.h> #include <sys/modctl.h> #include <sys/sunddi.h> #include <sys/stat.h> #include "foobar.h" static int foobar_attach(dev_info_t *dip, ddi_attach_cmd_t cmd); static int foobar_detach(dev_info_t *dip, ddi_detach_cmd_t cmd); static struct cb_ops foobar_cb_ops = { nodev, /* no open */ nodev, /* no close */ nodev, /* no strategy (only for block drivers) */ nodev, /* no print */ nodev, /* no dump (only for block drivers) */ nodev, /* no read */ nodev, /* no write */ nodev, /* no ioctl */ nodev, /* no devmap */ nodev, /* no mmap */ nodev, /* no segmap */ nochpoll, /* no chpoll entry point */ ddi_prop_op, /* Use system-supplied prop_op entry point */ NULL, D_NEW | D_MP }; static struct dev_ops foobar_ops = { DEVO_REV, 0,/* reference count: always 0 initially */ nulldev, /* No getinfo entry point */ nulldev, /* DEPRECATED: identify entry point */ nulldev, /* no probe entry point */ foobar_attach, foobar_detach, nodev, /* no reset entry point */ &foobar_cb_ops, /* Reference the cb_ops defined above */ (struct bus_ops *)NULL /* Not a nexus driver, so no bus_ops */ }; extern struct mod_ops mod_driverops; static struct modldrv Modldrv = { &mod_driverops, /* Use system-supplied mod_driverops */ "foobar driver v" FOOBAR_VERSION, /* Module Name/Version */ &foobar_ops, }; static struct modlinkage Modlinkage = { MODREV_1, &Modldrv, NULL }; /* * This bit of static data is used by the DDI to * keep track of the per-instance driver "soft state" */ static void *soft_statep; int _init(void) { /* * Initialize the soft state APIs so we can * allocate soft state in foobar_attach() */ if (ddi_soft_state_init(&soft_statep, sizeof (struct foobar_state), 1) != DDI_SUCCESS) return (DDI_FAILURE); if (mod_install(&Modlinkage) != 0) { ddi_soft_state_fini(&soft_statep); return (-1); } return (0); } int _info(struct modinfo *modinfop) { return (mod_info(&Modlinkage, modinfop)); } int _fini(void) { ddi_soft_state_fini(&soft_statep); return (mod_remove(&Modlinkage)); } static int foobar_attach(dev_info_t *dip, ddi_attach_cmd_t cmd) { /* Use the instance number as the minor number */ instance = ddi_get_instance(dip); if (ddi_soft_state_zalloc(soft_statep, instance) == DDI_FAILURE) return (DDI_FAILURE); softp = ddi_get_soft_state(soft_statep, instance); ASSERT(softp != NULL); if (ddi_create_minor_node(dip, FOOBAR_MINOR_NAME, S_IFCHR, instance, DDI_PSEUDO, 0) != DDI_SUCCESS) { cmn_err(CE_WARN, "Minor creation failed!"); return (DDI_FAILURE); } softp->init_state |= FOOBAR_INIT_MINOR; softp->dip = dip; mutex_init(&softp->mutex, NULL, MUTEX_DRIVER, 0); softp->buffer = (char *)kmem_alloc(FOOBAR_BUFLEN, KM_SLEEP); ddi_report_dev(dip); /* Announce we've attached! */ return (DDI_SUCCESS); } static int foobar_detach(dev_info_t *dip, ddi_detach_cmd_t cmd) { int instance; struct foobar_state *softp; if (cmd != DDI_DETACH) return (DDI_FAILURE); /* Use the instance number as the minor number */ instance = ddi_get_instance(dip); softp = ddi_get_soft_state(soft_statep, instance); ASSERT(softp != NULL); if (softp->init_state & FOOBAR_INIT_MINOR) { /* Remove minor nodes associated with dip */ ddi_remove_minor_node(dip, NULL); } ASSERT(softp->buffer != NULL); kmem_free(softp->buffer, FOOBAR_BUFLEN); ddi_soft_state_free(soft_statep, instance); return (DDI_SUCCESS); }
The header file contains remaining declarations such as those defined below.
/* * foobar.h - example skeleton driver header */ #ifndef _FOOBAR_H #define _FOOBAR_H #define FOOBAR_INIT_MINOR 0x00000001 #define FOOBAR_VERSION "1.0" #define FOOBAR_BUFLEN 1024 #define FOOBAR_MINOR_NAME "xyzzy" struct foobar_state { dev_info_t *dip; /* Opaque dev_info pointer */ int init_state; /* See FOOBAR_INIT_* */ kmutex_t mutex; /* driver lock */ char *buffer; /* message buffer */ }; #endif /* #ifdef _FOOBAR_H */
The last file is the driver configuration file. In this example, the driver configuration file is
foobar.conf. The driver
.conf file is used to override driver internal settings and is read once during driver initialization. In most modern drivers, it is not necessary to have a
.conf file, since these can be explicitly set inside the driver code itself. The format of this file is usually to specify a target driver name and the driver's parent node, as shown below.
# # foobar.conf - example skeleton driver conf file # name="foobar" parent="pseudo" instance=0;
Recall that this
driver.conf file should be placed in the 32-bit driver directory (
/kernel/drv) even if the system is 64-bit.
In the next article in this series, we'll cover some more frameworks for specific types of drivers people write and provide some insights into when to use which framework for a driver. Meanwhile, developers should have a peak at the OpenSolaris.org web site and consider joining the device driver community [8].
This paper would not be possible without the help and contributions of kernel expert Seth Goldberg, who works at Sun Microsystems. This document is based on work that Seth coauthored with James and delivered at the Intel Developer Forum in 2007 on Solaris Device Drivers.
Writing Device Drivers, http://docs.sun.com/app/docs/doc/819-3196, Sun Microsystems, Inc., 2008.
OpenSolaris.org source tree, http://cvs.opensolaris.org/source/.
PCI SIG: PCI documentation and standards, http://www.pcisig.com/home.
Max Bruning, "Inside OpenSolaris: Introduction to Solaris Drivers," http://opensolaris.org/os/article/2005-03-31_inside_opensolaris__introduction_to_solaris_drivers/, March 31, 2005.
Device Driver Tutorial, http://docs.sun.com/app/docs/doc/819-3159, Sun Microsystems, Inc., 2008.
"Boot into 32-bit kernel on 64-bit platform," http://blogs.sun.com/alta/entry/boot_into_32_bit_kernel, January 30, 2008.
OpenSolaris Device Drivers Community, http://www.opensolaris.org/os/community/device_drivers/.
Unless otherwise licensed, code in all technical manuals herein (including articles, FAQs, samples) is provided under this License.
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Senior Lisa Egarter
March 21, 2014
FORT WORTH, Texas (SMU) – The SMU track & field team concluded the first meet of its 2014 outdoor season at the TCU Horned Frog Invitational at the Lowdon Track Field Complex in Fort Worth, Texas on Friday. Senior Lisa Egarter (high jump, 1.68 meters), junior Stephanie Kalu (100-meter dash, 11.15 seconds) and sophomore Lucija Cvitanovic (javelin, 47.79 meters) all recorded first place finishes for the Mustangs.
In addition to Cvitanovic in the javelin, Egarter finished fourth in the event with a throw of 39.47 meters.
After an outstanding day yesterday in the hammer throw and the discus, the SMU throwers were back in action today for the shot put. Senior Helena Perez led SMU and finished third in the event with a throw of 15.69 meters while junior Rayann Chin and freshman Tochi Nlemchi recorded marks of 14.72 and 14.65 meters to finish fourth and fifth, repsectively.
Kalu led the Mustang sprinters with her first place finish in the 100-meter dash and a runner-up finish in the 200-meter dash as she posted a time of 23.21 seconds. In addition, sophomore Rachel Scruggs had a third place finish for the Mustangs in the 400-meter dash with a time of 56.07 seconds.
SMU recorded two top-10 finishes in the 1500-meter run as sophomore Karoline Skatteboe finished fourth (4:43.03) and sophomore Shanoah Souza finished fifth with a time of 4:44.89. In the 3,000-meter run, the Mustangs claimed five of the top-10 performances with freshman Tova Magnusson leading SMU in the event with a time of 9:53.03 to place second.
In the 800-meter run, sophomore Holly Archer finished seventh with a time of 2:16.78.
The Mustangs are back in action for their outdoor season by traveling to the Texas Relays next week. The meet will be held from March 26-29 in Austin.

subset: commoncrawl


text:
What makes a good mediator? And how is it that mediators—who themselves lack any power to impose a solution—nevertheless often lead bitter disputants to agreement? … Read More
mediation training
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Courses and Training
Mediating Disputes – June
The success of any mediation is predicated on the skills of the mediator. In this popular program, you will acquire the practical skills and techniques for facilitating negotiations between disputing parties. From family and employment matters to public policy and business disagreements, you will discover effective ways to settle differences and mediate disputes across a variety … Read More
Alternative Dispute Resolution (ADR) Training: Mediation Curriculum
NP@PON collected many types of curriculum materials from teachers and trainers who attended the 2009 Mediation Pedagogy Conference. We received general materials about classes on Alternative Dispute Resolution (ADR) as well as highly specific and idiosyncratic units like Conflict Resolution through Literature: Romeo and Juliet and a negotiating training package for female managers from the … Read More
Courses and Training
New! Advanced Mediation Workshop: Mediating Complex Disputes
You've handled numerous mediation sessions with ease. You are confident in your mediation skills, especially between two parties who want a fair resolution. But how do the dynamics change when their lawyers join the session? What happens when the mediation expands to multiple parties who are bringing many issues to the table? Mediators are very … Read More
Teaching Negotiation Videos – All Downloadable!
Have you been energized by the unique "aha" moment students experience when video is used in their class? Us too! At the Teaching Negotiation Resource Center we've seen increasing demand for our videos as they provide educators with a stimulating launching pad for group discussion. Whether videos are a frequent component in your curriculum, or even if … Read More
Courses and Training
Mediating Disputes – Fall
Course Dates: Dates for fall 2016 are to be determined. Please see the fall 2015 course description below.
The success of any mediation is predicated on the skills of the mediator. In this popular program, you will acquire the practical skills and techniques for facilitating negotiations between disputing parties. From family and employment matters to public policy … Read More
A Common Ground Approach to Societal Conflict Resolution
The Program on Negotiation is pleased to present:
A Common Ground Approach to Societal Conflict Resolution with
John Marks President and Founder of Search for Common Ground and
Susan Collin Marks Senior Vice President of Search for Common Ground Monday, October 15th, 2012 12 p.m. – 1 p.m. Wasserstein 2004 Harvard Law School Campus Please bring your own lunch; soft drinks and cookies will be served About … Read More
Summary of Mediation Pedagogy Conference Participant Survey Results
To better understand the teaching needs of the mediation community, Negotiation Pedagogy at the Program on Negotiation (NP@PON) organized a Mediation Pedagogy Conference in May of 2009. In advance of the conference, an 18-question online survey was sent to the 175 conference presenters and registered participants. The 75% response rate allowed us to illuminate important … Read More
Mediation Pedagogy Conference
Registration is now closed for the NP@PON Mediation Pedagogy Conference. Professors Lawrence Susskind (MIT) and Michael Wheeler (Harvard Business School) are pleased to announce a Mediation Pedagogy Conference to be held by Negotiation Pedagogy at the Program on Negotiation at Harvard Law School (NP@PON). This two-day Conference will be held Friday, May 15 and Saturday, May … Read More


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From the bride...
I've always loved damask look and Todd's favorite color is green so we wanted to incorporate the 2 looks together. When we found Castle Hill Cider, I knew I wanted to have a Classy Barn Reception. Charlottesville wedding photographer, Robinson Imagery, captured every moment of it perfectly.
The bride is the youngest of 3 children. Born and raised in Northern VA. She graduated from Christopher Newport University in 2006 with a Bachelors Degree in Communications Studies. She currently works in Logistics for an International MovingCompany. The groom is the middle child of 3. Raised in an Air Force family, he lived all over the country. He graduated from Christopher Newport University in 2007 with a Bachelors Degree in Political Science. He currently works as Administrative support for the Defense Acquisition University at Fort Belvoir. We both enjoy running very much and we plan to run our 2nd marathon together the Marine Corps Marathon in Washington, DC this October 2012. We play on 2 co-ed indoor soccer teams during the week and we love to play together.
We both grew up playing and loving sports. Heidi was recruited to play soccer at Christopher Newport University. It was on the CNU soccer field where she met "Frenchie" (Megan French), Todd's older sister. Todd followed his sister Meg to CNU in the fall of 2003. He came to every home soccer game to support his big sister and to hopefully meet some of her teammates. Meg officially introduced Heidi to her little brother Todd in the Spring of 2004.
We are busy still recovering from the wedding chaos. We continue to play soccer on many co-ed teams in the area. We bought a townhouse in Springfield, VA in August 2011 so we have lots of home improvement work to keep us busy. We plan to have a large family and maybe a dog in the future.
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About Us
We're looking for new staff members! Click here to find out the details!
Split/Second shows off its Downtown circuit
posted: 4/2/2010 1:12:00 PM
Want to see what Black Rock Studio's
gameplay looks like? Disney Interactive just released a trailer featuring their Downtown circuit and some of the epic driver fails that can happen when setting off bridge bombs or sweeping Caterpillar machinery crashes into the track.
Clearly, there will be more to look out for than just other drivers hot on your trail in this racing game.
Today Disney Interactive Studios has released the Downtown trailer for Split/Second, the action racing game from Black Rock Studio. Set within the world of a fictional reality TV show, Split/Second players don't just try to race to the finish line - they trigger explosive events that alter the track to take out opponents or create short cuts.
Split/Second is rated E10+ for Everyone 10 and Older and will be available in North America on May 18th, 2010 for Xbox 360, PlayStation 3 and Windows PC. Winner of the prestigious Game Critics Award as Best Racing Game of E3, Split/Second has a SRP of $59.99 for Xbox 360 and PS3 and $49.99 for Windows PC.
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Mark Haskins was injured at the Impact Wrestling television taping from the Wembley Arena in London, England on Saturday night. Haskins botched a Shooting Star Press and suffered what he called a minor concussion.
The following is from Haskins' Twitter account:
Heading home after a trip to A&E. Thank you to everyone who was concerned. Minor concussion but I'm all gravy, baby. Safe!
— Mark Haskins (@Mark_Haskins) January 29, 2012


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ARTS & CRAFTS: Cowboys are rounding up the cattle on the range. The focus in this drawing by cowboy artist, Hobby Campbell is the cow and calf pair. For additional artwork visit: HobbyCampbellOriginals.comMore info Email a friend
LAWN & GARDEN SUPPLIES: HELLO WE JUST OPENED A POOL SUPPLY STORE IN NORTH MIAMI AREA WE HAVE ALL THE SUPPLIES AND EQUIPMENT THAT YOUR POOL NEEDS COME VIST US TODAY OR CALL ME AND ASK ABOUT OUR PRODUCTS AND SERVICESWE HAVE POOL MAINTAINCE GOING ON ITS A SUMMER DEAL!!!! :>WE ...More info Email a friend
BARGAINS/SUPER SAVERS ($100 OR LESS): Selling all Name Brand Commercial Furniture!Products: Executive Tables End Tables Lounge Chairs Swivel Chairs All Purpose Chairs Shelving Units File Cabinets and MORE!Please call and ask for Stephanie or email us if interested. We have a huge warehouse ...More info Email a friend
BOATS & ACCESSORIES: For Sale is a 2000 Flats and Bay 18x8 with a strong 115HP Johnson.. Runs Great! This an amazing running and dry NO ROT hull. Goes through bay chop like you wouldn't believe. Lots of Storage! Do your research, give Bluewater Boats a call; this is the same...More info Email a friend
BARGAINS/SUPER SAVERS ($100 OR LESS): Plus many other items, printers, all in ones, Gateway computerMore info Email a friend
BARGAINS/SUPER SAVERS ($100 OR LESS): convenience and comfort with the BattleCreek Portable Massage Table. Made of lightweight aluminum yet sturdy enough to hold up to 350 lbs., this massage table easily folds and features carrying handles for easy transportation. Massage Table Features: ...More info Email a friend
ARTS & CRAFTS: Wild Turkey are the crown jewel for hunters. Lithographs are signed by Cowboy Artist, Hobby Campbell. For additional art visit: HobbyCampbellOriginals.comMore info Email a friend
COMPUTERS/ELECTRONICS: We selling all Brands of the Nikon and Canon DSLR Cameras in stock and very afffordable price with 1 Year International Warranty from its Manufacturer in the United state of America (USA)..We are selling brand new Nikon D800, Nikon D800E, Nikon D3200, ...More info Email a friend
MISC MERCHANDISE: The new album is now on Amazon. Use this link: https://www.amazon.com/gp/product/B01E0ZULMM?ie=UTF8&keywords=ambientica&qid=1462046396&ref_=sr_1_36&sr=8-36More info Email a friend
FURNITURE: Must sell immediately, bedroom set, living and dining room furniture, fireplace and much , much more.More info Email a friend
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$11 90
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Similar SoftwareOpen Comparison
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Sadly, my time as an intern at Botsford Hospital has come to an end. I feel as though it was only last week that I started here…and now it's my last day. I have learned more than I ever imagined, and have met so many wonderful people. My expectations of this internship have far exceeded what I could have every hoped for. I am truly grateful of everyone in this organization. Their welcoming smiles and kindness have made this journey something I will never forget.
This is kind of a bittersweet moment for me. I have accomplished the last milestone of my college experience and will now be thrown into the real world. And as exciting as that will be, I will without a doubt miss coming to work here at Botsford.
If you have ever had the opportunity to speak with some of the people that work for Botsford you will understand when I say they are some of the nicest people I have ever met. Everyone has been so compassionate and treated me as if I was part of the Botsford Family, even as an intern. They really do believe that everyone should be treated like a family member and not just any ordinary person. If you ever have the opportunity to work, volunteer or be an intern here… do it! Especially if you can get an internship with the marketing department, because hospitals are completely different then any other type of organization.
What I learned about healthcare marketing
I've learned that using real people and real stories can help make people feel a little more at ease about a possible hospital visit. Hearing real success stories from Botsford patients can give some people a little hope when they may not have it.
What's next?
I have no idea where this economy will take me. Maybe I'll be in health care or maybe I'll end up being a well-educated barista. I do know that the skills and knowledge that I have acquired here at Botsford have prepared me for almost anything that could be thrown my way. So to everyone at Botsford Hospital…thank you.


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Stay informed on our latest news!
Amazon to Open New Facility in Jeffersonville, Ind., Creating More Than 1,000 New Jobs
JEFFERSONVILLE, Ind., Mar 27, 2012 (BUSINESS WIRE) -- Amazon.com, Inc. announced plans today to locate a new fulfillment center in Jeffersonville, Indiana, creating up to 1,050 new jobs by 2015 and approximately $150 million in investment in the state. Read more


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Hit parade. That's the best way to describe Everclear frontman Art Alexakis' Summerland Tour, which came to New York City's Irving Plaza on June 17. With strategically short sets from four of the top alternative rock bands of the '90s, Summerland's layout was perfect for providing fans with the classic radio hits they came to hear, without any filler.
Props to Spacehog, Eve 6, Soul Asylum and Everclear for recognizing that the thousand or so 30-somethings who showed up for the Irving Plaza show were likely unfamiliar with tracks from any of their recent albums, and that they would want to hear a smorgasbord of tunes they grew up with. Spacehog, English rockers who still feature their original lineup from the early-90s, got the evening off to a rollicking start, as the crowd received an early sing-a-long opportunity when they broke into the 1996 gem, "In the Meantime."
Eve 6 was next on stage, and the band delivered several crowd-pleasing sing-a-long anthems as well. The band had New York music fans partying like its 1998 when they broke into "Inside Out," a chart-topper from their classic self-titled debut. Eve 6's set also featured "Here's to the Night," one of the most popular tunes of the '90s.
Later in the evening, Soul Asylum kicked it old school with several soulful cuts from 1992's Grave Dancers Union. Even though the album came out over 20 years ago, "Union" tracks clearly stood the test of time. Tunes from the multi-platinum album sounded fresher than ever, especially when frontman Dave Pirner delivered a special rendition of "Runaway Train."
Soul Asylum's set was a nice mix of new and old, but the biggest applause of the night came when the band broke into "Misery," from 1995's Let Your Dim Light Shine. The band could have easily headlined this year's Summerland, but Everclear capped off the show instead, perhaps since Alexakis founded the tour three years ago.
Did Everclear deliver a ferocious set that featured all their biggest hits? Absolutely. The band delivered all the classics, including "Santa Monica" and "Father of Mine." The only bad news is that they left something to be desired for any diehard fans in the crowd. Everclear played for less than an hour, and didn't offer much more than their radio singles. All in all, the bite-size set times worked out fine for the openers, but Everclear probably should have performed a tad longer.
It would have been nice to see the headlining act have the opportunity to play a bit more, and dip deeper into their catalog. The 2014 Summerland Tour returns to New York on June 22, for a date on Long Island at Huntington's Paramount. Tickets are still available for the show.
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Being a Christian (a follower of Christ) is about being a good person, isn't it? Fulfilling the Golden Rule: Do unto to others as you would have them do unto to you, right? Well, that's part of it. But as you may have realized by now, that's easier said than done. So there has to be more to it than that. The Scriptures don't teach that we need to just ACT differently, we need to BE different. We need to become a New Person, not just act or think differently. Jesus said that we must die to ourselves and live to God. In other words, we must be "born again." This process is supernatural, not the act or will of any human being.
In the first chapter of the Book of Acts, after Jesus' resurrection (but before His Ascension) Luke records:
"On one occasion, while Jesus was eating with them, he gave them this command: "Do not leave Jerusalem, but wait for the gift my Father promised, which you have heard me speak about. For John baptized with water, but in a few days you will be baptized with the Holy Spirit." Then they gathered around him and asked him, "Lord, are you at this time going to restore the kingdom to Israel?" He said to them: "It is not for you to know the times or dates the Father has set by his own authority. But you will receive power when the Holy Spirit comes on you; and you will be my witnesses in Jerusalem, and in all Judea and Samaria, and to the ends of the earth."
So Jesus is clarifying three key things in those statements:
1) The REALITY of Holy Spirit baptism
Some today deny the reality of the baptism of the Holy Spirit…to their own demise, I might add. Many say, "That was then and this is now." Ultra conservatives say, "We don't need the Holy Spirit, we have the Bible." Ultra liberals say, "We don't need the Holy Spirit, we have our own human intellect." Jesus says otherwise. But the baptism of the Holy Spirit is not only REAL, but mandatory.
2) The NEED of Holy Spirit baptism
Jesus said to wait until you were empowered by the Holy Spirit before you go out to fulfill your mission. What is our mission? Jesus tells us very clearly what our mission (our calling) is in Mark 16:15, "Go into all the world and preach the gospel to all creation." So Jesus says we are to go out and share the Gospel with the whole world. But He knew there would be opposition. That opposition would be orchestrated by Satan, working mainly through ungodly human beings. But there are also the realities of daily life on planet Earth to contend with, too, such as money, health and family dynamics. Jesus recognizing those realities told His Disciples to WAIT. The world says, "Run! Don't wait!" You may miss out on that sale or promotion, so "Hurry! Hurry! Hurry!" But Jesus said, "Wait."
Was it because they were tired and needed rest? Was it because they needed to study first? Maybe take a few classes on homiletics? Were they to take a few days off to gather their thoughts and get their house in order before they started this great journey into the unknown? Maybe there was a human reason for the wait, but more than anything, Jesus was emphasizing the need of the empowerment. In essence, "Don't go out to do my will until you have the wherewithal to do it."
3) The REASON of Holy Spirit baptism
The reason for the baptism of the Holy Spirit was quite clear: You cannot do this on your own. Jesus said, "and you will be my witnesses." The root word of "witness" in the Greek was "martyr." So in reality, He was not just saying "go preach," He was saying, "Go die for me." Or at least be willing to die for Him. So that takes on a whole new meaning, a whole new level of commitment. One that will not be possible without divine intervention, and that intervention and empowerment was none other than the Holy Spirit.
Evidence?Is there any evidence of that "empowerment?" The actual act of the baptism occurred on the Day of Pentecost (or Shavout). Doctor Luke records the event in the second chapter of the Book of Acts:
"When the day of Pentecost came, they were all together in one place. Suddenly a sound like the blowing of a violent wind came from heaven and filled the whole house where they were sitting. They saw what seemed to be tongues of fire that separated and came to rest on each of them. All of them were filled with the Holy Spirit and began to speak in other tongues as the Spirit enabled them."
So that was the event, but what is the evidence? Were those present actually "empowered" in some way? There is probably no better evidence than to look at the radical change brought about in the life of the Apostle Peter. You remember Peter. A few weeks before this event on Pentecost, Peter, out of fear of persecution denied that he even knew Jesus. Now, after the baptism of the Holy Spirit, he gets up and preaches the Gospel to thousands of people and many believe and are saved. Later, this same Peter gets called before the ruling leaders of Israel as recorded in Acts 4 (this is a long quote but don't skip over any of this):
1 The priests and the captain of the temple guard and the Sadducees came up to Peter and John while they were speaking to the people. 2 They were greatly disturbed because the apostles were teaching the people, proclaiming in Jesus the resurrection of the dead. 3 They seized Peter and John and, because it was evening, they put them in jail until the next day. 4 But many who heard the message believed; so the number of men who believed grew to about five thousand.
5 The next day the rulers, the elders and the teachers of the law met in Jerusalem. 6 Annas the high priest was there, and so were Caiaphas, John, Alexander and others of the high priest's family. 7 They had Peter and John brought before them and began to question them: "By what power or what name did you do this?"
8 Then Peter, filled with the Holy Spirit, said to them: "Rulers and elders of the people! 9 If we are being called to account today for an act of kindness shown to a man who was lame and are being asked how he was healed, 10 then know this, you and all the people of Israel: It is by the name of Jesus Christ of Nazareth, whom you crucified but whom God raised from the dead, that this man stands before you healed.
11 Jesus is
'the stone you builders rejected, which has become the cornerstone.'
12 Salvation is found in no one else, for there is no other name under heaven given to mankind by which we must be saved."
13 When they saw the courage of Peter and John and realized that they were unschooled, ordinary men, they were astonished and they took note that these men had been with Jesus. 14 But since they could see the man who had been healed standing there with them, there was nothing they could say. 15 So they ordered them to withdraw from the Sanhedrin and then conferred together. 16 "What are we going to do with these men?" they asked. "Everyone living in Jerusalem knows they have performed a notable sign, and we cannot deny it. 17 But to stop this thing from spreading any further among the people, we must warn them to speak no longer to anyone in this name."
18 Then they called them in again and commanded them not to speak or teach at all in the name of Jesus. 19 But Peter and John replied, "Which is right in God's eyes: to listen to you, or to him? You be the judges! 20 As for us, we cannot help speaking about what we have seen and heard."
21 After further threats they let them go. They could not decide how to punish them, because all the people were praising God for what had happened. 22 For the man who was miraculously healed was over forty years old.
23 On their release, Peter and John went back to their own people and reported all that the chief priests and the elders had said to them. 24 When they heard this, they raised their voices together in prayer to God. "Sovereign Lord," they said, "you made the heavens and the earth and the sea, and everything in them. 25 You spoke by the Holy Spirit through the mouth of your servant, our father David:
"'Why do the nations rage and the peoples plot in vain? 26 The kings of the earth rise up and the rulers band together against the Lord and against his anointed one.
27 Indeed Herod and Pontius Pilate met together with the Gentiles and the people of Israel in this city to conspire against your holy servant Jesus, whom you anointed. 28 They did what your power and will had decided beforehand should happen. 29 Now, Lord, consider their threats and enable your servants to speak your word with great boldness. 30 Stretch out your hand to heal and perform signs and wonders through the name of your holy servant Jesus."
31 After they prayed, the place where they were meeting was shaken. And they were all filled with the Holy Spirit and spoke the word of God boldly.
So we see this humble, poor, fearful, faithless old fisherman transformed before our eyes. What caused this meek doubter to become a mighty man of faith? The Baptism of the Holy Spirit! That supernatural empowerment from God Himself, changed Peter into the man that God had called him to be. Is our calling any less? Is our opposition any weaker today? Have all our duties and callings been fulfilled? Of course not! So obviously our need for the Baptism (empowerment) of the Holy Spirit has not diminished one iota.
But who is the Holy Spirit? Is He a power or a person? Is the Holy Spirit an "it" or a "He"? What is the difference between the GIFTS of the Holy Spirit and the FRUITS of the Holy Spirit? On this site we will attempt to answer those pressing questions in the following chapters:
1) The Holy Spirit A) Who? B) What? C) Where? D) When? E) Why?
2) The Power of the Holy Spirit: Romans 8
3) The Gifts of the Holy Spirit: I Corinthians 12
4) The Fruits of the Holy Spirit: Galatians 5
5) Who Cannot Receive the Holy Spirit?
6 Every New Testament Reference
Initially, in the first chapter, we are attempting to tackle the issue of the Holy Spirit by asking the classic five questions of Who, What, Where, When and Why. This is the most thorough way of investigating any topic. Like a detective, we need to ask the right questions and draw the correct conclusions. Then in Chapters 2-4 we will be looking at the three main manifestations of the Holy Spirit: His Power, His Gifts, and His Fruit. In Chapter 5, we will look at who can, and who cannot, receive the Holy Spirit…and why. In Chapter 6 we will quote every single reference to the Holy Spirit in the New Testament.


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The New Palestine girls basketball team fell at Shelbyville 52-44 Tuesday night, handing the Golden Bears (1-6) their first victory of the season.
The Dragons trailed 25-21 at half and 43-31 after three quarters.
Haley Stratman paced NP with 17 points. Natalie Kehrt added 10 points, six rebounds and three steals.
NP shot a season-best 48 percent (16-of-33) from the field.
Shelbyville's Riley Achenbach led all scorers with 20 points.
New Palestine (1-5, 0-2 Hoosier Heritage Conference) at Greenfield-Central (1-5, 0-2 HHC) Friday.
Girls basketball
North Decatur 61,Eastern Hancock 45
Entering the fourth quarter with a 38-37 advantage, the Royals were outscored 24-7 in the final eight minutes by the host Chargers (3-4, 1-0 Mid-Hoosier Conference).
Kiersten Schrope (16 points, four assists, five steals), Kristin Eischen (11 points, six rebounds, five steals) and Kaytlin Eastes (nine points, three blocks) contributed for EH.
The Royals (4-3, 1-2 MHC) host Northeastern today.
Royals fall at Triton Central
The Eastern Hancock wrestling team fell to host Triton Central 63-4 Tuesday.
Nathan Kell (138) posted a 10-0 victory for the Royals' lone win.
EH is at Shelbyville today in a late addition to the Royals' schedule.


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As part of the 'F1 in Schools' initiative, three pupils from St. Andrew's Prep School spent a week in Kuala Lumpur before being treated to watching the Formula 1 race live at the Sipang Circuit in Singapore.
'F1 in Schools' involves pupils in planning, designing, creating, manufacturing, testing and racing their model of an F1 car. Student teams from around the world take part and this year the St. Andrew's team, named 'Phoenix Team Kenya' were the sole representatives from Africa. As well as taking part in this exciting competition, the pupils enjoyed the sights, sounds and food of the Far East and met many well known personalities of the Formula 1 world including F1 boss Bernie Ecclestone.


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Daytona Beach Police report that they arrested a man Tuesday after receiving a call about a person carrying a firearm along Mary McLeod Bethune Boulevard. The caller also said the man with the gun was "…walking around telling people that he was going to get revenge for a subject who was recently shot and died from his injuries." The report on the Daytona Beach Police website says 24-year old Troynard L. Smith was charged with Possession of a weapon and ammunition by a convicted felon, and two narcotics charges.
Police detectives say they responded to the call in plain clothes and an unmarked car, and arrived at a car wash at 840 Mary McLeod Bethune Boulevard around 12:30 Tuesday afternoon. Detectives say they found Smith, who matched the description of the subject reported in the phone call, sitting in a chair behind a car at the car wash, with a dark-colored case in his lap. As the detectives walked into the car wash area, they say Smith walked into the garage of the car wash and left the case in a plastic bin. Smith then walked out of the car wash and was approached by uniformed police officers.
When detectives checked the case, they report they found that the unzipped Nintendo gaming case contained a "…black and brown revolver style handgun…a fully operational Rossi special revolver." Police say the handgun contained one round in the cylinder of the revolver. Detectives also say the case contained a picture of Deandre Peterson and Justin Williams. Peterson was arrested Saturday in the fatal shooting of Qourdre Wiley. Police have a warrant for the arrest of Justin Williams in a case they say is related to the Wiley shooting. Police say Smith told them Wiley was his cousin.
Click here to visit the Daytona Beach Police website.
You can contact this writer at email@example.com


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Congress Steps Up Scrutiny of FDA
Democratic lawmakers wasted no time launching investigations into what the Food and Drug Administration knew about diabetes drug Avandia's apparent link to greater risk of heart attacks — and when it knew it.
A new analysis published in the New England Journal of Medicine today links the GlaxoSmithKline diabetes drug with increased risk of heart attacks and possibly deaths.
The "Dream" trial was a major study of Avandia in pre-diabetic people. Read more about the trial and see the results as reported in The Lancet (free registration required).
The "Adopt" trial looked at Avandia in diabetic patients over a number of years. Read more about the trial and see an abstract of the results as published in the New England Journal of Medicine.
In the studies submitted to the FDA when Avandia was approved, one section focused on cardiac safety. Read that section of the report.
GlaxoSmithKline tracks clinical trials of Avandia on its Web site. In one analysis, the company discussed potential heart risks for patients (see page 7).
House Oversight Chairman Henry Waxman called a hearing for June 6 on what the FDA did to assess the drug's safety. Energy and Commerce Chairman John Dingell and Rep. Bart Stupak, chairman of the Oversight and Investigations panel, said they, too, would investigate the failure of GlaxoSmithKline and the Food and Drug Administration to warn diabetics about Avandia.
"We learned from an FDA briefing that the agency has known about this problem for at least eight months and perhaps even longer," Dingell said in a statement. "What we don't know is why diabetics and their doctors haven't been notified of the substantial risk to the heart from a drug prescribed to protect the cardiovascular systemIt is incredible that the agency charged with protecting the public health has such a poor record when it comes to post market drug safety."
Stupak drew a parallel to Vioxx, the Merck drug that the company withdrew from the market after it was linked to increased risks of heart attacks and strokes. "FDA's apparently callous disregard for the safety of diabetics taking Avandia is very reminiscent of the Agency's failure to move on Vioxx when substantial safety signals first became known, Stupak said. Like Vioxx, Avandia may have unnecessarily risked the lives of tens of thousands of Americans."
Adding to that, an editorial in the medical journal said that to the extent the analysis is valid, Avandia represents a major failure of the drug-use and drug-approval processes in the U.S.
"Waxman's office said the invited witnesses include, FDA Commissioner Andrew von Eschenbach, Jean Pierre Garnier, Glaxo's chief executive, and Steven Nissen, the prominent cardiologist at the Cleveland Clinic whose analysis of Avandia's cardiovascular risks was published on the New England Journal of Medicine's Web site today.
In his letter to von Eschenbach, Waxman asked for a chronology of FDA actions concerning Avandia's cardiovascular safety; communications between FDA and Glaxo, and internal FDA analyses, slide presentations, and memoranda on the matter.
The FDA said it wanted to hold an advisory panel meeting on Avandia, which six million Americans have taken — and seven million world-wide — for Type II diabetes, before making any regulatory changes. No date has been set.


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A common error on a parents part is buying their kid clothes they'd wear. If you see your kid play a certain game or watch a certain TV show a lot more than others then buy a T-Shirt with… you guessed it, a character from the show on the front or just the name of the show or game in silly graphics. Cargo shorts and pants are easy buys because they go with any shirt your boy wants. Gym shorts are also a good investment in your boys wardrobe if he is known to cause havoc on a playground or organized sports team.
If you're looking for toys the best ones for a boy who might like to stay more inside than out, LEGO products are the best thing to buy him so that he can not only be focused on something for hours, but also reinforce basic mathematical and problem solving skills. Not only will your smart kid become an even smarter teenager, which equals cheaper tuition, the Lego products are pretty cheap themselves. The second best feature of these toys are that they virtually indestructible, and stay that way for years to come.
A 12 year old girl is typically on the cusp of puberty if not already undergoing puberty. They can be moody and emotional at times, and are often starting to care a lot about what their peers think of them, and may even start to have idols.
The first thing you have to decide when you go out to buy your girl clothes is what type of clothes you want them to wear in the future. If you want them to like to were skirts and dresses when they grow up buy them those types of clothes now so when they are old enough to make their own decisions they'll make decisions influenced by you, the parents. Just make these early decisions appropriate for the girl and possibly make the clothes a little more colorful and fun.
If you're looking to spend a few more bucks and want your child to be a little more tech savvy in the largely digital world we live in now then I'd also reccomend the Tabeo. The Tabeo is a tablet built especially for children and is already preloaded with over fifty apps for your growing boy to play with. Not only will this serve as a bridge between the small electronic toys they used to play with to a device with several different uses but it also provides loads entertainment and fun for all members of the family. This certainly is a great gift idea for an 11 year old.
Boys from 7 – 12 are still gaining a lot of information about life and their surroundings. It's around this time they get their first few ideas of "what they want to be". They start to understand the society they live in and what's right and what's wrong. This is also the time were their imagination flowers.
Most people will buy their child poorly decided clothes or high unrecognizable toy brands. People are different and their children are different, but you can always find a good fit for each type of kid.
What gift to get a 7-8 year old boy
Your 7 to 8 year old boy is probably a bundle of energy and has a vivid imagination. Luckily, there are plenty of gifts which allow him to channel that energy, both indoors and outdoors. At every age, toys and games can help the various developmental and learning processes as well as being loads of fun. Here are some suggestions:
Outdoor Fun
At this age, most boys are into action and adventure. You cannot go wrong with the classic toy guns, such as dart guns. They are affordable and safe, if you don't mind occasionally becoming a target. The only off-side is there will probably be darts all over the home to pick up after. The can have fun with these alone, or with a friend.
Nerf has a variety of toy guns available on Amazon.com
- Kids Toy Military M4 M16 Mp40 Dart Rifle Toy Guns Ak47 Dart Gun , for $34.99
- Lazer Tag Nerf Two-Player Battle System , For $63.99
Another great choice for outdoor activity is basic sports equipment. As you already know, sports keep your energetic youngster active and also help to develop motor skills, mental skills and social skills. Even more beneficial is equipment that can involve social interaction. A game as simple as playing catch and throw is great for achieving all of these things.
- Try a Squap set: A ball that attaches to a Velcro Mitt. You will find these online for about $25
A mini-trampoline will provide loads of fun, and an outlet for all that excess energy.
- AirZone 55-Inch Trampoline & Enclosure, available online for $99, made especially for kids and includes a safety enclosure.
Indoor Fun
The classic Lego building blocks are classic for a reason. They are fun, challenging and rely on creativity and mental skill. A seven year old is old enough to play with smaller parts that would have otherwise been a choking hazard. It is great for all ages. You might find yourself trying your hand at building a house too. In fact, Lego has been taken to new extremes and can even become an art form right into adulthood. This will be a hit at this time as The Lego Movie is due to be released in February 2014.
You can purchase Lego sets in various sizes, from Amazon.
There is a variation of the classic Lego, which is excellent for this age group and is called Reptangles. It can be found online for $27. These are building blocks in the form of reptiles and is made to appeal especially to this age group it has won numerous awards for being an educational toy which helps develop thinking.
Games which challenge problem-solving skills are great at any age, but for those boys of this age will love, try games such as:
- Rush Hour Traffic Jam Logic Game, from ThinkFun (retail price $20)
Action Figures
This is the age that most little boys become obsessed with their favorite action hero, be it Spiderman, Batman, Superman or the new superheroes which get churned out every day.
You can find a range of action figures and super-hero merchandise online from T-shirts to Pajama's
This is the age of adventure, extremes and action in boys. Keep this in mind when buying gifts. Choose gifts that allow them to channel their energy, use their imagination, develop their thinking abilities. It is also a fun time as aren't so don't be afraid to choose gifts like games that you can participate in too. Check out this post if you are looking for the right toys for 1 to 2 year old toddlers.
Six year old girls are inquisitive and at a stage where everything in the outside world is fascinating and to be explored. If your girl loves to explore and do things with her hands and feet then a scooter is the perfect buy. This age old toy is still relevant even today. A scooter is a lot more affordable and a lot easier to use than a bike. The toy isn't only really safe but it's hard to break and if it does. The maintenance is a lot cheaper than that of a bike.
Name necklaces are also a perfect gift for your girl on her special day or any holiday. This doesn't just make your little girl feel special but she'll always know you care for her and your name will always be on her head every time she reads it no matter if shes 3 years old or 18 years old. This can not only stand by itself as a fashion statement but as a way of emergency contact if you pay a little extra to have your phone number inscribed on the back.


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3. If all normal, check the following
[iTunes can not recognize device]
Step1, Make sure Apple Mobile Device service is started |
***For Windows XP
1, Go to "Start" - "Control Penal" - "Manage" - "Services"
2, Find Apple Mobile Device and make sure it is started. Run iTunes and iClover, reconnect the device to retry.
***For Windows Vista or Windows 7
1, Right click "My Computer", then go to "Manage" > "Services and Applications" > "Services"
2, Find Apple Mobile Device and make sure it is started. Run iTunes and iClover, reconnect the device to retry. Step 2,If Apple Mobile Device is already started, remove all apple applications and re-install iTunes . Run iClover and reconnect device to retry.
[iTunes can recognize device but iClover can not]
1. Make sure the latest version of iClover is installed. If not, please update it and retry.
2. If device is still not recognized by iClover, copy ASL.dll, libxml2.dll, SQLite3.dll and zlib1.dll, C:\Program Files\Common Files\Apple\Apple Application Support(32bit) or C:\Program Files(x86)\Common Files\Apple\Apple Application Support(64bit), to iClover's installation directory. (Right click iClover shortcut and click "Properties", find the directory showing as "Start in:")
It looks like you're new here. If you want to get involved, click one of these buttons!


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Im currently looking for a solution regarding backing up windows to a network share which is located on a linux machine (Shared trough samba).
I cant get it to work with the current setup (SBS backup --> junction point to mapped driver --> mapped driver = samba share)
It keeps prompting for passwords and it has authentication issues, so now i am looking for other solutions which are completly automated. Are there any suggestions appart from samba to


text:
Word from Western Digital today has it they've further expanded upon their popular "My Book" family of external storage solutions to cater towards more specific types of users.
Three new types of My Book offerings have been added to the line-up, these being the My Book Home Edition, My Book Office Edition and My Book Essential Edition.
For a complete rundown on them check out the official announcement on WD's website folks.
LAKE FOREST, Calif. - Sept. 20, 2007 - WD® (NYSE: WDC) today introduced its smaller, sleeker My Book external storage solutions: My Book Home Edition, My Book Office Edition and My Book Essential Edition. Ranging from 320 GB to 1 TB, the new My Book models were designed with specific users in mind. Home users will appreciate the automatic and continuous backup of their precious memories on the My Book Home Edition. Office users will rely on the remote access and sharing capabilities of the My Book Office Edition. My Book Essential Edition meets the needs of users who seek simple, instant storage.


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As embodied in fashion, film, food, popular music and sports, Italian American identities have fascinated, disturbed and influenced American and global culture. Historian and book editor Simone Cinotto will lead a group of scholars in a discussion of how consumption has shaped the culture and identity of Italians in America.
This event is free and seats are first-come, first-serve; however, you can reserve two seats with the purchase of Making Italian America. Contact Laura Lee at firstname.lastname@example.com or 212.431.0233 ext. 259 to purchase a book.


text:
Paul Willie Darby
Position: WR
Height: 5-10 Weight: 192 lbs.
Born: October 22, 1956 in Austin, TX
High School: Lyndon B. Johnson
College: Texas St.
Drafted by the New York Jets in the 12th round (314th overall) of the 1979 NFL Draft.
Weighted Career AV (100-95-...): 1 (13070th overall since 1950)
Promote your website or business by sponsoring this page for $5 on Pro-Football-Reference.com. Your message will replace this ad.
Output includes all games from 1920 to 2015.


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News & Stories
Vol State Livingston commemorates 25 years
June 20, 2016
Event festivities included food, live music, and fun activities for the community.
Celebrating 25 Years in Livingston
June 14, 2016
Vol State Livingston's 25th Anniversary celebration event will be Friday, June 17, from 3 p.m. to 7 p.m. at the campus. The Bickle family is just one of our many success stories.
Vol State Volunteers at Gallatin High School
June 14, 2016
Alumni, students and area residents teamed up recently for Pioneer Partner Day, a community service event.
Adults Considering Vol State Can Get One-On-One Help
June 13, 2016
Reconnect Information Sessions are coming up in July. Participants will have the opportunity to ask questions and get answers in a relaxed setting.
Fall Classes for Transfer and Career
June 08, 2016
Check out these new classes and programs. Fall classes start on August 22.
Logistics Students Receive Scholarships
June 06, 2016
Delta Nu Alpha (DNA) Transportation Society presented scholarships totaling $13,250.
Vol State Livingston to Celebrate 25th Anniversary on June 17
June 06, 2016
The college is planning a celebration on Friday, June 17, from 3-7 p.m. at the campus. It is open to everyone.
Spring 2016 Honor Roll and Dean's List
June 03, 2016
Congratulations to these Vol State students for their academic honors for the Spring 2016 semester!
Vol State Students Take Project to Music Row
May 23, 2016
The Capstone project is the culmination of the student degree work in the Entertainment Media Production program. They pitched it to Nashville music professionals.
Sumner Middle College High School Students Graduate
May 21, 2016
Twelve of the graduates earned a high school diploma and a Vol State associate's degree.
Cycling Classic Raises Money for Scholarships
May 18, 2016
The event had 170 riders this year, participating in three different tour lengths.
First Tennessee Foundation Donation
May 17, 2016
The $5,000 donation goes to the Volunteer State College Foundation.
Eighth Graders Explore Opportunities
May 17, 2016
2,400 eighth grade students from Sumner and Trousdale counties participated in a Career Exploration Fair.
Virtual Reality Helps Students Fine-Tune Sonography Skills
May 16, 2016
Students have a new state-of-the-art simulator to hone their skills and handle some delicate scenarios.
Vol State Asks for Help with Pioneer Partner Day
May 11, 2016
The community service event is scheduled for Saturday, June 11 from 8:30 a.m. to noon
Camp STEM for K-6 Kids this Summer
May 10, 2016
Dinosaur Science Camp will be held June 6-10. Space Science Camp will be June 20-24. The camps run from 9 a.m. to 3 p.m. each day.
Graduation Features Stories of Challenge and Accomplishment
May 07, 2016
There were more than 650 eligible graduates this year, including eleven Sumner County Middle College High School graduates, and 28 military veterans.
High School Equivalency Graduation at Vol State
May 06, 2016
It's the number one program in the state, with the largest number of graduates. Congratulations to all of the graduates and their families!
Patty Powell Honored by Students
May 04, 2016
Students, faculty and staff let her know how much her work and dedication were appreciated during the Graduate Awards Night.
Career Exploration Fair at Vol State for Eighth Graders
May 03, 2016
Students from Sumner and Trousdale Counties are invited to the May 16 event.
Emily Short Promoted to Vice President for Student Services
April 27, 2016
Dr. Short has been working full-time at Vol State for 24 years, in a variety of roles. She takes on the new position after the retirement of long-time vice president Patty Powell.
Get Ahead with Vol State Summer Classes
April 25, 2016
For new and current students, it can be a jump start on classes. Students home for the summer can take general education courses that can transfer to their university degree.
Get Ready for Summer and Fall Classes
April 19, 2016
Summer and Fall class registration is now open for everyone. New and readmit students will need to apply first. We have some tips and links for you.
Brezina Named New Humanities Dean
April 18, 2016
Jennifer Brezina comes most recently from the College of the Canyons in Santa Clarita, California
Students compete in TMTA math competition at Vol State
April 14, 2016
Hundreds of students from schools across the area competed in several math categories.
Remembering Tornado Ten-Year Anniversary
April 07, 2016
Safety personnel, and those who helped in the massive recovery effort, were thanked during an event.
Sumner Volunteer Groups Highlighted at Vol State Event
April 05, 2016
Mayors from across Sumner County gathered to salute community service.
Vet Tech Students Help with Adoption
March 28, 2016
They assist with spay/neuter operations for Sumner County Animal Control and pictures of those pets can be found on their Facebook page.
Spring Job Career Fair April 20
March 24, 2016
All job seekers are invited to attend.
Welcome Future TN Promise Students
March 23, 2016
We have some tips and an event that can help in planning your Vol State career.


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Dec 4, 2010 12:32 PM
B. writes: "My really good friend's birthday is coming up & I have no idea what to get her! She's one of the hardest people to shop for cause she's the type of person to have everything in the world already. But, she's going to Europe during the winter time to visit her boyfriend, do you have any suggestions on what I should get her for the big trip?? Thanks Outblush! Sincerely, In need of much help -- B."
Hi B.! I, Outblush Operative Rachel H., think your friend is SO lucky. She already has everything, including a boyfriend who she gets to visit in Europe and a swell friend like you. (Awwwww!)
1 - How about these Tinley Road Coral Flower Stud Earrings ($24)? They'll go with everything, but are still kinda interesting.
2 - J. Jill Ribbed Sweater Tights ($20, in two colors) will keep her toasty warm and won't take up much room in the suitcase.
3 - A chief complaint of my friends who live abroad is the lack of good brands of condoms. One friend has me ship her Crown Condoms' 144 pack ($23). Safe sex is cool! 4 - With this Sephora by OPI Mini 18 piece Nail Color Set ($48) your friend can choose a few shades to take with her and either leave the rest at home or re-gift them as stocking stuffers.
5 - Is she a foodie? Get her this Travel Spice Kit ($28) and she'll never have to suffer through a bland meal.
6 - Help her kick jet lag's butt with a super fancy Dream Essentials Luxury Sleep Mask ($25, in six colors), which comes with earplugs and a satin carry pouch.
Frustrated in your search for that perfect leather handbag, red stiletto pump, or whatever makes your heart go thump in the night? Click here to check out our requests for you, the reader, and to contact us, and we might do the shopping work for you in a future Personal Shopper feature!
We're good, but we can only be so many places at once. Short of cloning ourselves, what can we do to make sure we're up on the latest trends? Enlist our gal-on-the street Outblush Operatives to send us guest posts on what's hot, that's what.
If you've got a product or service that you'd like to promote on Outblush, click here to find out about our advertising opportunities.
Outblush is a blog for girls who love to shop. Our staff digs up the best clothes, home stuff, beauty items, and more. New items are posted every day — bookmark us and check out:


text:
Entering the double digits doesn't mean an end to toys. Quite the opposite, in fact! Ten-year-olds still love to play and these delightful toys and activities will have them learning fascinating facts, making awesome discoveries and having lots of fun along the way.
It's Dora the Explorer! She's all ready for an adventure with you. She's wearing her backpack and her flower bracelet! Her big, friendly eyes and smile welcome you to come have some fun, too! She's a plush character, but is fully stuffed for a more doll-like feel. You still know she's a Beanie though because she has the tell-tale Beanie bottom!
Measures approximately 12" tall.
We are excited to announce that our annual sale of top-quality toys and books at great discount prices will be happening at the International Centre in Mississauga, Wednesday July 13 to Sunday July 17, 2016!
We're hiring! For over 30 years Mastermind Toys has been focused on offering the very best in quality toys and books for children in a shopping environment that is engaging, inspiring and fun. Send resumes to firstname.lastname@example.com
Mastermind Toys in the Terra Losa Shopping Centre is now open.
Details Here


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The headline to this Wall Street Journal article, "Don't Hate Her Because She's Fit," spoke directly to me.
Hate is a strong word, but I do envy moms who manage to stay super fit. I compare myself to them and feel inadequate. I search for reasons why being that fit must indicate that some other part of their life is lacking.
I'm not proud of this, but it happens when I'm standing on the beach next to my zero- percent-body-fat mom friend, the one who has two grade-school children, a full time teaching job, a tidy home, a husband who works long hours and six-pack abs. The fact that she's ten years my junior, while significant, isn't a good enough excuse for me.
The WSJ article isn't actually about hating fit moms. It's about how to market product to stay-at-home-moms who have committed themselves to elite levels of fitness. We're talking triathletes, Iron Woman competitions, marathons, yoga and Pilates addicts. It also paints a detailed picture of this specific type of mom:
Most fit moms have enough money so they don't have to work at full-time jobs, but not so much that they have full-time child care. They juggle their families' multiple daily routines, coordinate tight schedules of school, camp and activities and still squeeze in a predawn run, yoga at nap time and an after-school bike ride.
I used to be über fit. But that was when I was a childless, professional athlete who was paid to be that fit.
Full disclosure– many people would describe me as fit. But we each have our own standards and mine, though they've lowered since having babies, are high. My idea of out of shape is another's idea of fit enough.
I was an athlete. Now I'm a mother, a writer, a wife, a community member, a daughter of aging parents and someone who needs at least 8 hours of sleep each night to function. I have to be creative to get in more than an hour a day, if that, of exercise without feeling as if I'm slacking in some other area of my life.
My biggest obstacle is guilt. Often the best time to slip away for exercise is in the early evening once my husband gets home from work. I used to be quick to pass the baton, but lately, maybe because we've been apart for so long, I've been prioritizing family time. If I keep running off to exercise every time Ian gets home, when will we all be together?
I used to be disciplined about getting up in the morning to workout. Some days I still do. But other days I make the mistake of fixing myself a cup of tea first. Then I end up emptying the dishwasher, and taking out the dog, and feeding the dog, then, next thing I know the kids are up and staring at me.
Is fitness a priority for you. Any working moms out there who manage to stay satisfyingly fit?
image by indywriter @flickr creative commons


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The pharmaceutical industry and Big Science are more powerful than government.
Joan Shenton
Contributed by: loneturtle
The transformation of disease, as exemplified by the case of diabetes, is a valuable and elegant concept that serves to remind us that the tally sheet for medical science must carry a column for debit as well as credit.
Deb Butterfield
Source: Showdown with Diabetes
Psychological Profile: IBMC (Insane Beyond Medical Comprehension).Criminal Profile: IBMC (I Built My Cell).
Jordan Couch
Source: self
Contributed by: Jordan
In the course of the history of natural science, it always happens that profound or true thoughts or true facts were always either distorted or flattened out. The danger, especially of distortion, is particularly great in the case of orgonomy. We must be scientific, we cannot be political in these matters. And I personally declare that I will be the first to fight with all my strength, with whatever I've got against such a distortion of our principles.
Wilhelm Reich
Contributed by: esaruoho
CANNABIS :OUR POSITION FOR A CANADIAN PUBLIC POLICY; REPORT OF THE SENATE SPECIAL COMMITTEE ON ILLEGAL DRUGS - SUMMARY; Chairman: Pierre Claude Nolin, Deputy Chairman: Colin Kenny; SEPTEMBER 2002
Nevertheless, we do not doubt that for some medical conditions and for certain people cannabis is indeed an effective and useful therapy. Is it more effective than other types of medication? Perhaps not. Can physicians currently prescribe cannabis at a known dosage? Undoubtedly not. Should persons suffering from certain physical conditions diagnosed by qualified practitioners be permitted to use cannabis if they wish to do so? Of this, we are convinced.
The regulations made in 2001 by Health Canada, even though they are a step in the right direction, are fundamentally unsatisfactory. They do not facilitate access to therapeutic cannabis. They do not consider the experience and expertise available in compassion clubs. These regulations only govern marijuana and do not include cannabis derivatives such as hashish and cannabis oils.
It is for these reasons that the Committee recommends that Health Canada amend the Marijuana Medical Access Regulations in order to allow compassionate access to cannabis and its derivatives.
We observed that:
Ø The quality and effectiveness of marijuana, primarily smoked marijuana, have not been determined in clinical studies;
Ø There have been some studies of synthetic compounds, but the knowledge base is still too small to determine effectiveness and safety;
Ø Generally, the effects of smoked marijuana are more specific and occur faster than the effects of synthetic compounds;
Ø The absence of certain cannabinoids in synthetic compounds can lead to harmful side effects, such as panic attacks and cannabinoid psychoses;
Ø People who smoke marijuana for therapeutic purposes self-regulate their use depending on their physical condition and do not really seek the psychoactive effect;
Ø People who smoke marijuana for therapeutic purposes prefer to have a choice as to methods of use;
Ø Measures should be taken to support and encourage the development of alternative practices, such as the establishment of compassion clubs;
Ø The practices of these organizations are in line with the therapeutic indications arising from clinical studies and meet the strict rules on quality and safety;
Ø The studies that have already been approved by Health Canada must be conducted as quickly as possible;
Ø The qualities of the marijuana used in those studies must meet the standards of current practice in compassion clubs, not NIDA standards;
Ø The studies should focus on applications and the specific doses for various medical conditions; and
Ø Health Canada should, at the earliest possible opportunity, undertake a clinical study in cooperation with Canadian compassion clubs.
Source: CANNABIS :OUR POSITION FOR A CANADIAN PUBLIC POLICY; REPORT OF THE SENATE SPECIAL COMMITTEE ON ILLEGAL DRUGS – SUMMARY; Chairman: Pierre Claude Nolin, Deputy Chairman: Colin Kenny; SEPTEMBER 2002
Contributed by: justsayknow
Copyright © 2016 Gaiam, Inc.


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Wimmer Stops Kenseth At Slinger
SLINGER, Wis. — During opening ceremonies for the 35th SuperSeal Slinger Nationals Tuesday night, Chris Wimmer's crew placed the inaugural Nationals trophy won by his late uncle Larry Detjens during the 1980 event, on the trunk of his car presumably for good luck.
Hours later, having that trophy on hand paid off as Wimmer held off Matt Kenseth to capture his first SuperSeal Slinger Nationals crown at the Slinger Super Speedway.
"This is unbelievable," an emotional Wimmer said. "To tell you the truth, I didn't even look in the mirror (at Kenseth), my right foot fell asleep so bad I could hardly feel the gas pedal and I was just hanging on at the end."
Hanging on was just about what every driver in the field was doing as a dominant Dennis Prunty nearly pounded them into submission, leading all but six laps when with a healthy lead his car suddenly came to a halt on lap 176, the victim of a faulty ignition box. That opened the door for Wimmer as well as Casey Johnson and Matt Kenseth as suddenly with just 24 laps to go, all three turned up the wick to battle for the coveted Nationals crown.
Kenseth was the first to make his move, charging his way around Johnson for second with just six laps to go and then closing on Wimmer for the top spot as the leader caught lapped traffic. Kenseth closed to Wimmer's bumper on the final lap, but fell just short at the checkered flag.
"Everything changed when the 22 (Prunty) broke, he was gone and I was trying to save a little bit of the rear tire in case there was a caution at the end and when the 22 dropped out that kind of changed everything," Kenseth said. "I had a real good run there at the end and I was hoping to get to the bottom and try to race him back to the start-finish line but just didn't quite have enough."


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France, Jacques Audiard, 1 hr 55 min w/subtitles
A tender yet unsentimental love story about an injured woman who is confined to a wheel chair and a rough boxer who helps her gain new strength. RUST AND BONE beautifully blends a direct, raw naturalism with classical narrative filmmaking. This moving follow-up to Audiard's A Prophet stars French siren Marion Cotillard and Bullhead breakout-star Matthias Schoenaerts.
Reviews | IMDB | Official Site