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doxepin cream - topical, Zonalon (cont.)
HOW TO USE: Before applying the medication, clean the affected area with mild soap and water, rinse well, and pat dry. Gently rub a small amount of the medication into the affected area in a thin layer, usually 4 times a day. Wait at least 3-4 hours between applications, or use as directed by your doctor. How often the medication is applied and for how long depends on your condition and response to treatment. Usually, this medication is for short-term use only (up to 8 days).Wash hands immediately after use unless the area being treated includes the hands. This medication is for use on the skin only. Avoid getting the product in your eyes, nose, ears, mouth, or vaginal/anal area. If the medication gets in these areas, rinse immediately with clean water.Do not cover the area with plastic or waterproof bandages. Covering the treated area may increase the absorption of the medication through the skin and increase the risk of side effects.Do not use more of this product, use it more often, or keep using it longer than prescribed by your doctor. Your condition will not improve faster and the risk for side effects will increase. Side effects may increase when you use the cream on a larger area of skin (e.g., more than 10 percent of your body surface). Tell your doctor if you have severe drowsiness while using this product. It may be a sign that you are absorbing too much of the medication. Your doctor may tell you to decrease how often you apply the medication, the amount of medication used, or how much skin to spread the medication over. Follow your doctor's directions carefully.Tell your doctor if your condition does not improve or if it worsens.
SIDE EFFECTS: Burning/stinging at the application site, drowsiness, dizziness, dry mouth, blurred vision, or changes in taste may occur. If any of these effects persist or worsen, tell your doctor or pharmacist promptly.To relieve dry mouth, suck on (sugarless) hard candy or ice chips, chew (sugarless) gum, drink water, or use a saliva substitute.Remember that your doctor has prescribed this medication because he or she has judged that the benefit to you is greater than the risk of side effects. Many people using this medication do not have serious side effects.Tell your doctor immediately if any of these unlikely but serious side effects occur: severe constipation, loss of coordination, ringing in the ears, persistent heartburn, mental/mood changes (e.g., agitation, confusion, depression), muscle weakness/spasms, numbness/tingling of the hands/feet, restlessness, decreased sexual ability/interest, trouble urinating, swelling of the hands/feet, weight gain.Tell your doctor immediately if any of these rare but very serious side effects occur: easy bruising/bleeding, persistent nausea/vomiting, signs of infection (e.g., fever, persistent sore throat), pain/redness/swelling of arms or legs, severe stomach/abdominal pain, dark urine, yellowing eyes/skin.Seek immediate medical attention if any of these rare but very serious side effects occur: slurred speech, fast/irregular heartbeat, vision changes, fainting, weakness on one side of the body, seizures.A very serious allergic reaction to this drug is rare. However, seek immediate medical attention if you notice any symptoms of a serious allergic reaction, including: rash, itching/swelling (especially of the face/tongue/throat), severe dizziness, trouble breathing.This is not a complete list of possible side effects. If you notice other effects not listed above, contact your doctor or pharmacist.In the US -Call your doctor for medical advice about side effects. You may report side effects to FDA at 1-800-FDA-1088.In Canada - Call your doctor for medical advice about side effects. You may report side effects to Health Canada at 1-866-234-2345.
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"Salty dog" means ornery, as in the T-Bone Walker tune "Ain't Salty No More." In US folklore and song, salty dog has an older sexual meaning.
For example, in the traditional song "Salty Dog Blues", the lyric "Honey, let me be your salty dog" translates to "Let me be your sexual partner." The term comes from the term sea dog, or a horny sailor.
Jeff Zipper Jeff Zipper has been working for over 30 years pursuing his passion for photography. Travelling through United States, Mexico, Great Britain, Spain and West Africa he established a particular style marked by erotic, stylised scenes, often with fetishistic subtexts. He extended his work , notably with his "Mystic river" series which marked the pinnacle of his erotic-urban style, underpinned with excellent technical skills. He also worked in architecture photography,portraiture and more social studies. Zipper's photography has addressed dramatic issues, including erotism,religion,death. He works primarily in black and white.
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Key things you need to know aboutDr. Rose:
Phone & Address
Check insurance plans, locations and make an appointment
Accepting new patients?
- Yes
Dr. Rose's Offices
- Colorado Arthritis Center
- Colorado Arthritis Center
- 701 E Hampden Ave Ste 410
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New Patient:
(720) 388-1027Existing Patient:
(303) 788-1312
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- Colorado Arthritis Center
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- 9197 Grant St Ste 120
- Thornton, CO 80229
New Patient:
(720) 388-1027Existing Patient:
(303) 788-1312
- Directions
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The key to a successful appointment is communication. To get the most out of your visit, prepare ahead of time so you can lead the conversation with your doctor. These 7 tips will get you ready
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Patients' risk of dying during a hospital stay for heart bypass surgery could be 87.4% lower, on average, at a hospital rated 5 stars compared to a hospital rated 1 star for that procedure. Choosing the right hospital is critical to your health. View Slideshow
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Our Publications
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Summer R+R
Lamar Wilson | Photo: Courtesy Image | June 7, 2013
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The British Boxing Board of Control have named Brampton's Josh Wale, 25, the mandatory challenger for the English super-bantamweight title.
Current champion James Dickens from Liverpool will either have to defend against Wale before the end of May or vacate the title for Wale to challenge for it.
Wale is set for a warm-up fight at the Barnsley Metrodome on March 7. An opponent is yet to be decided upon but he will be from overseas.
Most read sport stories


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(crockpot) Pear Butter: 12 Jams of Christmas #8
I decided to make pear butter (and several kinds of pear jams) when this year's pear harvest flooded the farmer stands and supermarkets. This was inspired by a recipe from Elise Bauer at Simply Recipes which I found earlier this summer. Pears, right now, are $1/pound. And pear butter made in the crockpot is 15 minutes of work, and 6-8 hours of set-it-forget-it time…perfect for holiday jams!
A friend suggested roasting the pears first – a variation I haven't yet tried. However, any process that softens the pears will work, and roasting would definitely deepen the pear flavors.
I changed up Elise's spices; her original recipe uses star anise, ginger, nutmeg and cardomem. For me, the simplicity of vanilla, ginger and pears just works better – but if you prefer the more intense spices of apple butter (cinnamon, ginger, and cloves) they work well, too. If you don't have a food mill, a colander and the back of a metal spoon to press the pears into puree will also work. You could also peel the pears, which will save work straining out the bits that don't make a good butter – but the peels help add pectin and consistency (and flavor) to the finished butter. If you don't have a crockpot, you can cook the puree into butter on the stovetop, on very low heat in a heavy pan; you'll need to stir it often to make sure it doesn't burn or stick. The crockpot does eliminate that problem. Enjoy!
(crockpot) PEAR BUTTER
3 lbs chopped Bartlett pears
1 inch piece of fresh ginger, peeled and coarsely chopped
1 1/2 cups water
2/3 cup lemon juice
2 1/2 cups sugar
1 teaspoon lemon zest
½ (about 3 inches) of fresh vanilla bean, whole
- Chop and core the pears, removing the bruised parts. No need to peel them, unless you don't have a food mill and want easier straining later.
- Put chopped pears, ginger and piece of vanilla bean into a large pot with the water and lemon juice.
- Bring the pears to a boil, reduce the heat, cover, and simmer 25-30 minutes or until the pears are completely soft.
- Remove from the heat. Remove the vanilla bean from the puree and set aside.
- Put the pears and liquid through a food mill, catching the puree in large measuring bowl (I like to use my Pyrex® 8-cup measuring cup/bowl.)
- Discard the peels and unusable bits, and measure the puree. You should have approximately five cups of puree.
- For every cup of pear purée, stir in 1/2 cup of sugar, stirring until the sugar is dissolved.
- Split and scrape the vanilla bean to remove the seeds. Add the vanilla bean seeds to the pear puree, stirring well.
- Pour the mixture into a 3-4 qt. crockpot. Set the crockpot to medium and let the mixture cook down overnight or between six and seven hours. The cooked pear puree should be very thick.
- Test for 'butter' consistency by putting about a teaspoon of the mixture onto a chilled plate; if it's not runny, it's done. If it's runny, cook for another hour or two and repeat the test.
- Place the hot pear butter into hot sterilized canning jars, leaving ¼ inch headspace.
- Process in a hot-water-bath according to the USDA instructions: 10 minutes for one-cup jars.
Makes 6 to 8 half-pint jars.


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Charles Louis Bivins
Position: HB-TE
Height: 6-1 Weight: 212 lbs.
Born: October 16, 1938 in Atlanta, GA
Died: March 11, 1994 in Fulton County, GA
High School: Luther Judson Price
College: Morris Brown
Drafted by the Chicago Bears in the 7th round (79th overall) of the 1960 NFL Draft.
Weighted Career AV (100-95-...): 6 (8785th overall since 1950)
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text: The following bibliography highlights the roles of foundations, nonprofit groups, businesses, and individuals in the environmental movement. This resource list contains citations to selected works from the Foundation Center's Catalog of Nonprofit Literature, as well as links to useful web resources. For additional reports, articles, and other materials on the topic, search the Catalog by using "environment" in the Subject field.


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Ten Things to Do Now to Your Windows 8 Tablet
Install Desktop PC apps onto your tablet.
Your Windows 8 PC can run the same apps as your tablet. And if you own a Windows 8 PC, you've probably downloaded an app or two to see what the fuss is all about. When you log onto your tablet with the same Microsoft account you use for your desktop PC, apps you've installed on your desktop PC will be waiting for you.
From your tablet's Start screen, tap the Store app. When the Store app appears, slide your finger down from the screen's top edge to reveal the App bar.
Tap Your Apps from the App bar. The Store lists all the apps associated with your Microsoft account, but not installed on your tablet.
Tap the tiles for the apps you want to install (or tap the Select All icon to select them all.) Then tap the Install button to install the apps onto your tablet.
Apps you purchase for your desktop PC can be installed onto your tablet and vice versa. Each purchased app can run on five PCs associated with your Microsoft account.


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I refer to Van Tillianism presuppositionalism throughout this work as a kind of foundationalism. However, this is not, strictly speaking, accurate(It is arguably no more accurate of Clarkian epistemology). It is better understood, as John Frame argues, as a kind of multiperspectivism. I believe that both systems take for granted the necessity of having foundational theories of knowledge and justification, and in this sense I believe that both systems can be broadly characterized as foundationalist. They both therefore problematize epistemological positions which take strict coherentist theories of justification, for example, on the ground that they lead to an infinite regress. However, both thinkers both likewise believed that Christianity provided an internally consistent alternative to other systems of thought. While many other systems of thought are not necessarily demonstrably inconsistent, many are.
Having briefly surveyed two of the most popular philosophical conceptions of truth, let us turn to the concept of justification. One of the most important elements in presuppositional apologetics, which was an important point of dispute in the Bill Nye/Ken Ham debate, has to do with whether or not Nye's argument is sufficiently grounded in a foundational, non-inferential belief. One of the most central components of a presuppositionalist apologetics is foundationalism as a theory of justification. True, with respect to the knowledge of Clark, Clark and Van Til are both coherentists. And, of course, we perhaps cannot properly speak of a theory of 'justification' for God since He does not need to justify His beliefs. His beliefs simply constitute true knowledge of His possession of them. When it comes to the human side of the equation, however, Clark and Van Til are both staunch advocates of a foundationalist theory of justification.
"Foundationalism is a view about the structure of justification or knowledge. The foundationalist's thesis in short is that all knowledge and justified belief rest ultimately on a foundation of noninferential knowledge or justified belief"(Fumerton, 2010)
In order for anything to constitute knowledge, it must be justified, true belief. The necessary element of epistemic justification, for the foundationalist, is that one's beliefs constitute inferences that follow from a basic, foundational structure. If one's beliefs cannot be ultimately traced back to such a structure, or do not follow inferentially from this structure, or from a belief which itself follows inferentially from this structure, then it does not and cannot count as knowledge.
"A little reflection suggests that the vast majority of the propositions we know or justifiably believe have that status only because we know or justifiably believe other different propositions. So, for example, I know or justifiably believe that Caesar was an assassinated Roman leader, but only because I know or justifiably believe (among other things) that various historical texts describe the event. Arguably, my knowledge (justified belief) about Caesar's death also depends on my knowing (justifiably believing) that the texts in question are reliable guides to the past. Foundationalists want to contrast my inferential knowledge (justified belief) about Caesar with a kind of knowledge (justified belief) that doesn't involve the having of other knowledge (justified belief). There is no standard terminology for what we shall henceforth refer to as noninferential knowledge or justification"(Fumerton 2010)
For the presuppositionalist, that non-inferential knowledge is the truth of the word of God and/or the existence of the Triune God who authored it (whether the Being of God takes epistemic priority or instead His word is a point of dispute among different presuppositionalists). From the perspective of academic philosophy, we can therefore characterize presuppositionalism as an extreme form of foundationalism.
Not only is foundationalism a thesis about epistemic justification, but it is also a distinct thesis about the nature of knowledge. Of course, as Fumerton points out, what is true of a foundationalism theory of justification is all the truer of a foundationalist theory of knowledge (It ought to be noted, however, that not everyone accepts this thesis. For example, while the early idealists accepted both a coherence theory of truth and a coherence theory of justification, later thinkers who accepted the coherence theory of justification oftentimes rejected the coherence theory of truth, or sometimes merely ignored the question). Fumerton briefly mentions the controversy:
"On the "classical" analysis of knowledge, the core of the concept of knowledge is justified true belief and the foundational structure of knowledge simply derives from the foundational structure or justification. It should be noted, however, that the presupposition that the structure of knowledge parallels the structure of justification is controversial. Indeed, in a highly influential book, Timothy Williamson (2000) argues that knowledge is unanalyzable and is a concept that should be employed in understanding a host of other interesting epistemic concepts, including the concept of evidence. In short, his view is that our evidence simply consists in everything we know. Justification may have foundations but only because we end a regress of justification with propositions that are known—the evidential foundation on which all justified belief rests is knowledge (186). A discussion of Williamson's view would take us too far afield, however, and in what follows I will continue to suppose that our understanding of knowledge is parasitic upon our understanding of justification, and not vice versa" (Fumerton 2010).
What presuppositionalists are arguing is certainly nothing new. It has quite a venerable history. In fact, the West accepted it as self-evidently true for thousands of years (Fumerton 2010). Only relatively recently has the notion been thrown seriously into question. Presuppositionalists are well-known for casting the secularist's beliefs into doubt by repeatedly asking "how do you know?" One of the points of this strategy is to get the secularist to come to a point where he realizes that, like everyone (even those who do not admit it), he has his own foundationalist epistemic theses, and that these theses are arbitrary and unreliable when it comes to the question of metaphysical or ontolotgical ultimacy.
Some philosophers, of course, deny that they have such an epistemic foundation. Coherentists argue that knowledge is structured like a web, each one of whose beliefs is either arbitrary and revisable, or depends upon a belief that is itself arbitrary or revisable. The presuppositionalist, as a foundationalist, wants to prove that according to such a model, the coherentist cannot have knowledge because he can never be certain of any of his beliefs.
There are two primary "regress" arguments for the foundationalist theory of justification:
1) The "epistemic" regress argument
2) The "conceptual" regress argument
Let us cash out a bit what it means for one to have 'justification' for what one believes. This is more or less a philosophically technical way of saying that one has a good reason for believing what one does. When it comes to the Bill Nye/Ken Ham debate, Ham believes that scientific investigation can produce knowledge, but only the Christian worldview is consistent with the sorts of phenomena which scientists want to include within their worldview.
From a Clarkian perspective, however, scientific investigation absolutely never produces knowledge by its very nature, regardless of the worldview-context in which it takes place. The reason for this is that induction is always fallible. Our senses may deceive us through illusion, mirage and hallucination, and future occurrences may always contradict any number of observed regularities. Only conclusions that are the result of formally necessary logical consequences are legitimate candidates for knowledge. Since empirical reasoning such as inductive and abductive reasoning never meet this criteria, it can never constitute knowledge. Clarkians oftentimes cringe when listening to an Answers in Genesis proponent debate creation, since unlike Clarkians, they do accept that empirical reasoning can produce knowledge.
Furthermore, Clarkians reject such a thing as a law of nature, while Van Tillians oftentimes appeal to them. From an epistemological perspective, it is never possible to discover a law of nature, because we would have to use empirical verification, which can always be falsified by future scientific observations. Second, from a metaphysical and theological perspective, each and every occurrence is an instance of God's arbitrary, particular decree. Things happen because God ordains that they happen, not because they happen according to fixed, immaterial laws.
But let us return to the philosophical distinctives of the foundationalist theory of justification, specifically from a presuppositionalist point of view. Suppose we ask an atheist, "how do you know that evolution is true?" They will cite such and such evidence, to which we may respond "but how do you know that this interpretation of fossil evidence is true?" Ultimately, they will likely reveal that they themselves are foundationalists whose claims to knowledge rests on an ultimate foundation which is totally arbitrary and unreliable. If they are coherentists or infinitists, however, they may keep regressing and never come to a foundation from which they are able to infer subsequent beliefs. To summarize, they will either:
1) Land upon a foundation that is unreliable, arbitrary, and, from the perspective specifically of a Van Tillian, presuppose phenomena in accordance with this foundation that is inconsistent with their worldview. For example, they will presuppose certain logical laws which they apply in their interpretation of sense-perception data. These logical laws, according to the Van Tillian, are immaterial and invariant, which is excluded by the materialist metaphysics of the secularist.
2) They will never stop at a foundation and so they will be guilty of the fallacy of infinite regress. Of course, infinitists, who argue that a proper theory of justification actually requires infinite regress, will not be disturbed by this. However, since finite beings cannot comprehend an infinite chain of reasoning, knowledge must terminate upon an ultimate, non-inferential foundation. Apart from this, humans would require an infinitely long chain of reasoning to justify all of our beliefs. Since finite beings cannot comprehend infinite long chains of reasoning, it would follow that we cannot justify anything, and, lacking justification, we therefore cannot know anything.
"The above argument relies on the unacceptability of a vicious epistemic regress. But one might also argue, more fundamentally, that without a concept of noninferential justification, one faces a vicious conceptual regress. What precisely is our understanding of inferential justification? What makes PIJ true? It is at least tempting to answer that PIJ is an analytic truth. Part of what it means to claim that someone has inferential justification for believing some proposition P is that his justification consists in his ability to infer P from some other proposition E1 that is justifiably believed. But if anything like this is a plausible analysis of the concept of inferential justification, we face a potential vicious conceptual regress. The analysis of inferential justification presupposes an understanding of justified belief. We need to introduce a concept of noninferential justification in terms of which we can then recursively define inferential justification.
Consider an analogy. Suppose a philosopher introduces the notion of instrumental goodness (something's being good as a means). That philosopher offers the following crude analysis of what it is for something to be instrumentally good. X is instrumentally good when X leads to something Y which is good. Even if we were to accept this analysis of instrumental goodness, it is clear that we haven't yet located the conceptual source of goodness. Our analysis of instrumental goodness presupposes an understanding of what it is for something to be good. In short we can't understand what it is for something to be instrumentally good until we have some prior (and more fundamental) understanding of what it is for something to be intrinsically good. The conceptual regress argument for foundationalism puts forth the thesis that inferential justification stands to noninferential justification as instrumental goodness stands to intrinsic goodness"(Fumerton 2010).
For the presuppositionalist Gordon Clark, the truth of the Bible is our axiom, and therefore, our non-inferential foundation from which we infer or deduce all subsequent theorems or justified true beliefs. Each one of these things are defined recursively. Unless we have a foundation with reference to which we can recursively define inferential justified beliefs, we cannot define our conceptual beliefs in a non-viciously circular manner, and we therefore cannot have knowledge. I am unaware of Clark explicitly articulating his philosophy in such a manner, although I believe this is a justifiable paraphrase of how his work can be appealed to in order to solve the problem. What is "good," for example, is whatever the Bible says is good, and this concept, as well as its particular instantiations, are defined recursively with reference to God, who is invariant root and ground of all particular good things.
For the presuppositionalist, belief in either the God of the Bible or the truth of the Bible itself, as a form of noninferential justification, is likewise a form of infallible justification. For Clark, since logic is embodied in the person of God, His self-revelation in the scriptures likewise presupposes the basic laws of logic (the law of excluded middle, the law of non-contradiction and the law of identity), and theorems can be deduced from the Bible in the form of exegesis. The formal cause of our acquisition of knowledge from the scriptures is through God's immediate impartation. We are justified in having a belief when it can be deductively inferred from the Bible. The Bible is infallibe, and therefore, deductive inferences made from it are likwise infallible.
This form of noninferential justification likewise holds for belief that God exists. The presuppositionalists note that all know that God exists and suppress the truth in unrighteousness. Belief in the existence of God is a necessary, noninferentially justified belief that is as necessary and noninferentially justified as the knowledge that I exist or the knowledge that I am in pain.
To put it another way, beliefs only count as knowledge for the foundationalist (and therefore, the presuppositionalist) if they are either immediately and necessarily entailed from the noninferential foundational belief, or if they are necessarily entailed by a belief that is itself entailed by either the foundation, or if the chain of beliefs which ultimately entail it can themselves be shown to be linked together back down to its foundation. This is precisely what foundationalism is. Knowledge is structured as a vertical top-down structure, with one item of knowledge necessarily entailing another, like links in a chain.
The question must be asked, however: according to what criteria do we determine what is entailed by what?
"What is the difference between relevant and irrelevant entailment? This is a question notoriously difficult to answer, but intuitively it should have something to do with the fact that would make true the proposition entailed and the fact that would make true the proposition that entails it. More specifically, we could say that P relevantly entails Q only if the fact that would make P true is at least a constituent of the fact that would make Q true. This suggestion can be considered at best only preliminary since we will obviously need a more detailed account of facts and their constituents. That I have grey hair entails that someone has grey hair, but is my having grey hair a constituent of the fact that is someone's having grey hair? There is certainly a sense in which it is something one can point to in answer to the question "What makes it true that someone has grey hair?" One cannot appropriately point to my having grey hair as something that makes it true that two plus two equals four"(Fumerton 2010)
But what aspect of a noninferential, infallible, foundational belief makes it justified?
"Consider again my belief that I'm in pain (when I am). If such a belief is noninferentially justified, in what does the justification for that belief consist. Surely not in the mere fact that the proposition is believed. What is it that distinguishes this belief from my belief about Caesar's assassination. Some foundationalists want to locate the noninferential justification in the truth-maker for the proposition believed. What justifies me in believing that I'm in pain when I am is the mere fact that I'm in pain. But again, what is it about my being in pain as opposed to Caesar's being assassinated which makes it appropriate to claim that my being in pain justifies me in believing that I'm in pain while Caesar's having been assassinated doesn't justify me in believing that Caesar was assassinated"(Fumerton 2010)
I believe that it is the absurdity of the contrary that makes a belief such as "I am in pain" noninferentially justified. It is impossible to falsely believe that I am in pain because pain is so purely subjective an experience that it forces itself upon us by its very nature. The presuppositionalist may likewise argue the same about belief in God. Belief in God is so properly basic a belief, to use the language of Alvin Plantinga, that it is constituted in our very subjectivity. The existence of God constitutes the transcendenta precondition of our intelligibility of anything. Fumerton continues:
"It is tempting to think that the foundationalist is better off appealing to some special relation that I have to my pain which makes it unnecessary to look to other beliefs in order to justify my belief that I'm in pain. It is the fact that I have a kind of access to my pain that no-one else has that makes my belief noninferentially justified while others must rely on inference in order to discover that I am in this state. This takes us to another classical version of foundationalism, the acquaintance theory. Perhaps the best known proponent of an acquaintance theory is Bertrand Russell,[3] but it takes little imagination to read the view into most of the British empiricists. Roughly the view is that what justifies S in believing that he is in pain when he does is the fact that S is directly and immediately acquainted with his pain in a way in which he is not directly and immediately acquainted with any contingent facts about Caesar, the physical world, the future, and so on. On a correspondence conception of truth, one might add that to be fully justified in believing a proposition to be true one must be acquainted not only with the fact that makes the proposition true but the relation of correspondence that holds between the proposition and the fact"(Fumerton 2010)
I believe Fumerton's comment about a "special relation that I have to my pain which makes it unnecessary to look to other beliefs in order to justify my belief that I'm in pain" sums up the theistic position of the presuppositionalists. Just as though belief that I am in pain is justifiable by virtue of a special access which we have to that belief that makes it unnecessary to appeal to other beliefs, to also, humans possess knowledge of God merely by virtue of a special access which we have to the existence of God, by virtue of having been created in his image, and having received his moral law written on our hearts.
Wilfred Sellars famously presented a historically important argument against foundationalism, referred to as the argument against 'givenness.' The argument centers around an objection to what Sellars refers to as the "given," an extremely important concept for the foundationalist. The point of the concept is to ensure that we have access to some piece of knowledge from which we are able to build further foundations. According to Sellars' account, it is important for foundationalists that this 'given,' not result from the application of a concept, since to apply a concept to something implies that it is derivative from some antecedent foundation, and therefore, not foundational. Yet the given must have a truth value, and therefore, must have some sort of conceptual thought applied to it. Sellars' point, with respect to the impossibility of certainty regarding the sort of foundation of which the foundationalist wants to predicate such epistemic certainty, seems similar to the point made by Wittgenstein in remark 178 of his work On Certainty, in which he writes "The wrong use made by Moore of the proposition "I know..." lies in his regarding it as an utterance as little subject to doubt as "I am in pain". And since from "I know it is so" there follows "It is so", then the latter can't be doubted either."
Fumerton explains the standard answer to Sellars' argument:
"If there is a solution to the dilemma presented by Sellars (and others) it is to emphasize that acquaintance is not by itself an epistemic relation. Acquaintance is a relation that other animals might bear to properties and even facts, but it also probably does not give these animals any kind of justification for believing anything, precisely because these other animals probably do not have beliefs. Without thought or propositions entertained there is no truth, and without a bearer of truth value in the picture there is nothing to be justified or unjustified. The acquaintance theorist can argue that one has a noninferentially justified belief that P only when one has the thought that P and one is acquainted with both the fact that P, the thought that P, and the relation of correspondence holding between the thought that P and the fact that P. On such a view no single act of acquaintance yields knowledge or justified belief, but when one has the relevant thought (entertains the relevant proposition), the three acts together constitute noninferential justification. When everything that is constitutive of a thought or a proposition's being true is immediately before consciousness, there is nothing more that one could want or need to justify a belief. The state that constitutes noninferential justification is a state that contains as constituents both the bearer of truth-value and the truth-maker"(Fumerton 2010).
"Once the received view, classical foundationalism has come under considerable attack in the last few decades. We have already considered the very influential objection raised by Sellars to the idea of there being a "given" element in experience. It is crucial that the foundationalist discover a kind of truth that can be known without inference. But there can be no bearers of truth value without judgment and judgment involves the application of concepts. But to apply a concept is to make a judgment about class membership, and to make a judgment about class membership always involves relating the thing about which the judgment is made to other paradigm members of the class. These judgments of relevant similarity will minimally involve beliefs about the past, and thus be inferential in character (assuming that we can have no "direct" access to facts about the past). A reply to this objection would take us far afield indeed. Perhaps it will suffice to observe that the objection relies on a number of highly controversial claims about the nature of judgment, most of which the classical foundationalist should and would reject"(Fumerton 2010)
To summarize the Sellarsian refutation of classical foundationalism:
1) Foundationalist want truth without inference
2) But truth vaue requires judgment
3) Judgment requires the application of concepts
4) Application of concepts involves judgment concerning class membership
5) Judgment concerning class membership requires "relating the thing about which the judgment is made to other paradigm members of the class"(Fumerton 2010)
6) Such comparison and contrast involves, at the very least, judgments about the past
7) Judgments about the past necessarily involves inference
8) All truth value therefore requires inference
9) Foundationalists are therefore mistaken that there is such a thing as noninferential, basic belief
The atheist's rejection of presuppositionalism is formally more or less identical to the Sellarsian rejection of foundationalism. We Christian presuppositionalists insist that all people know that God exists, and that we know that our position is correct. The unbeliever says "how do you know?" We answer, "because God has so constituted us as to have a priori structures which intuitively know His existence and attributes from the creation of the world." The unbeliever says "how do you know?" We answer "because the Bible says it." How do you know? "Because the Bible is true." How do you know? "Because the Bible is the word of God." And so on. The core of the unbeliever's objection has to do with the question "how do you know your inferences are correct? They are not non-inferential. They are inferences. How do you know that your inferences about all of your religious beliefs are not based on mistaken reasoning? Whenever you begin to answer one of my questions about the truth of your religious beliefs, how do you know that the clause beginning with "because" is not a mistaken inference?"
Gordon Clark believed that all knowledge is propositional. Our a priori acquaintaince with God. It is therefore conceptual. The Clarkian presuppositionalist ought to reject the notion that a priori, foundational acquaintance with a piece of knowledge must be non-conceptual in order for it to be basic. To put it another way, we ought to reject the idea that application of concepts to a belief is merely derivative. Belief in God by virtue of our innate, a priori mental structures can be (and for the presuppositionalist, is) both conceptual and basic. Of course, for Clark, the language of "correspondence" has no place in his epistemology. Instead, as one who held to the coherentist theory of truth, a proposition is true if and only if it coheres with a specified set of propositions. That specified set of propositions is the set of propositions in the mind of God. The bearer of the truth is the proposition and the maker of the truth is its coherence with the specified set of propositions which constitutes those propositions in the mind of God. The acquaintance theory-oriented presuppositionalist, therefore can argue that one has a noninferentially justified belief that God exists when one has the thought that God exists by virtue of our a priori structures, which immediately and direct communicate to us the fact that God exists (or in light of the proposition's coherence with the specified set of propositions that exists in the mind of God), which is the truthmaker, and when there is a correspondence between the thought or proposition that God exists and the fact that God exists (or, if one is a Clarkian, again, the coherence of the proposition that God exists with the specified set of propositions in the mind of God).
"We may think of these two definitions of knowledge internalism as partial knowledge basis accounts, for each requires only some form of accessibility to some element or elements of one's knowledge basis. We will confine attention to these two partial knowledge basis accounts" (Pappas 2013)
The two revised definitions are:
"Weak AKI:
Whenever one knows some proposition p, then one can become aware by reflection of what is in fact some essential part of one's knowledge basis for p.
Strong AKI:
Whenever one knows some proposition p, then one can become aware by reflection that some item k is some essential part of one's knowledge basis for p"(Pappas 2013).
With respect to the issue of accessibility, knowledge externalism is largely a negative thesis consisting of the denial of the central theses of knowledge internalism (Pappas 2013). Those who advocate such a position deny that it is always possible to access the our knowledge basis or justification at all (Pappas 2013). Pappas articulates two forms of knowledge externalism with respect to this debate:
Weak access knowledge externalism -
"It is false that whenever one knows some proposition p, one can become aware by reflection that some item or other k is a knowledge basis for p. Weak externalism of this variety is perfectly compatible with one form of accessibility internalism concerning knowledge, namely weak AKI. Defenders of externalism, however, most likely would be interested in going beyond this weak form to an externalist position that is more wide ranging"(Pappas 2013).
Strong access knowledge externalism -
"It is false that, whenever one knows some proposition p, one can become aware by reflection of some essential knowledge basis for p. This position is thus denying that the ability to become aware of an essential knowledge basis is a necessary condition on having knowledge. The proponent of strong AKE can allow that in some cases one might have this ability. Her denial is that one has it in all cases, for each piece of knowledge one happens to possess"(Pappas 2013).
Having laid out the terms of the debate concerning knowledge internalism vs. externalism, which ought the presuppositionalist debate. I believe that the classic form(s) of presuppositionalism, as advocated by Clark and Van Til, tend to commit one to knowledge internalism. This is especially true of Gordon H. Clark, who argues that all knowledge consists of propositions deduced from the Bible. Since propositions are consciously held and deliberately deduced from the Bible, it follows that the knower is aware both of the fact of the knowledge in his or her mind as a proposition, as well as being aware of the basis or ground for having deduced that knowledge. Knowledge of the basis of one's knowledge therefore seems implied in knowledge. One can only have knowledge if one believes that the Bible is the true word of God, and one's deductions from the Bible imply knowledge of this basis.
Some of the most important issues concerning the rationality of religious belief are framed in terms of the distinction between internalism and externalism in epistemology. Philosophers who are internalists with respect to rationality argue that we can tell, from the inside so to speak, if our beliefs are rationally justified. The language used by the classical foundationalist to describe basic beliefs is thoroughly internalist. 'Self-evident' and 'evident to the senses' are suggestive of beliefs that have a certain inner, compelling and unquestionable luminosity; one can simply inspect one's beliefs and "see" if they are evident in the appropriate respects. And since deductive inference transfers rational justification from lower levels to higher levels, by carefully checking the inferential relations among one's beliefs, one can see this luminosity passing from basic to non-basic beliefs. So internalists believe that rationality is something that can be discerned by the mental inspection of one's own beliefs, items to which one has direct cognitive access (Clark)
It is easy to see from such a description why presuppositionalists would tend naturally to be internalists. The presuppositionalists is able to determine by reflection that he believes in the truth of the Bible as a properly basic belief, and he is able to determine by reflection whether or not his subsequent, non-basic beliefs are deduced or inferred from that properly basic belief. If they are inferred from the Bible, they are true, and if they are not, then they are not true.
In contrast to the internalism typical of presuppositionalists is Alvin Plantinga's externalist approach to religious epistemology. Plantinga rejects the traditionally internalist understanding of epistemic justification among foundationalists, arguing that rational belief ought to be instead understood as "warrant." Plantinga's externalism is a form of what is known as "reliabilism." Plantinga argues that "a belief has warrant for one if and only if that belief is produced by one's properly functioning cognitive faculties in circumstances to which those faculties are designed to apply; in addition, those faculties must be designed for the purpose of producing true belief"(Clark).
For example, if if I believe that I am petting my dog, this belief is only "warranted" if my cognitive and perceptual faculties are functioning properly and these faculties were teleologically designed by God to perceive truth. Evolution by natural selection could not have produced such faculties, since such a process is not teleologically designed to produce truth, but adaptive value. If and only if these conditions are satisfied am I warranted in believing that I am petting my dog (Clark).
Plantinga's epistemology is not internalist. My justification does not come from reflecting upon whether or not I possess the proper conditions of justification. Instead, the question of whether or not my cognitive faculties are functioning properly is conditional upon some external condition. Did a creator teleologically design my mind to perceive truth or not? If yes, then my beliefs are warranted. We do not justify our beliefs, for Plantinga, by asking ourselves "do I possess the conditions according to which such and such a belief may be justified?" Instead, we ask the externalist question "is some antecedent, external condition operative such that I would be warranted in accepting my beliefs are true?"
Note the portions of Plantinga's definition which are not within one's internal or direct purview: whether or not one's faculties are functioning properly, whether or not one's faculties are designed by God, whether or not one's faculties are designed for the production of true beliefs, whether or not one is using one's faculties in the environment intended for their use (one might be seeing a mirage and taking it for real). According to Plantinga's externalism we cannot acquire warrant simply by attending to our beliefs. Warranted belief (knowledge) depends on circumstances external to the believing agent and so is not entirely up to us. Warrant depends crucially upon whether or not conditions that are not under our direct rational purview or conscious control are satisfied. If externalism is correct, then classical foundationalism has completely misunderstood the nature of epistemic warrant(Clark).
Parallel to the internalist/externalist discussion concerning knowledge, is the internalist/externalist discussion concerning epistemic justification. In the latter case, the internalist will hold that one is justified in holding a belief if and only if one has internal, subjective access to it.
As mentioned before, one of the important elements of internalist understandings of knowledge and justification has to do with the belief that knowledge and justification require fidelity to some sort of duty. Internalism is thus oftentimes linked with a kind of virtue epistemology. But why is this? Pappas argues that "the deontological concept of justification has some internalist component because it seems related to a kind of control over beliefs that the epistemic agent may be thought to have. If one is intellectually obligated to take on a belief given one's evidence, then one must be capable of doing so"(Pappas 2013). Externalists, of course, reject this criteria. For the deontology-oriented internalist, if we can access justifiers by reflection, may follow that the internalist will conclude that there are certain criteria for what constitutes legitimate justifiers. In cases where a belief does not conform to what constitutes a legitimate justifier, we ought to reject a belief. Such a deontological approach to epistemology, of course, presupposes that we can access potential justifiers through reflection. We must have internal access to such justifiers if we are to either accept or reject them. It is in this way that distinctly deontological approaches to epistemology tend to be internalist in their conception of epistemic justification.
Pappas, George, "Internalist vs. Externalist Conceptions of Epistemic Justification", The Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy (Fall 2013 Edition), Edward N. Zalta (ed.), URL = <plato.stanford.edu/archives/fall2013/entries/justep-intext/>.
Fumerton, Richard, "Foundationalist Theories of Epistemic Justification", The Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy (Summer 2010 Edition), Edward N. Zalta (ed.), URL = <plato.stanford.edu/archives/sum2010/entries/justep-foundational/>.
Clark, Kelly James. "Religious Epistemology." Internet Encyclopedia of Philosophy. Retrieved from: http://www.iep.utm.edu/relig-ep/#SH3f


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Although most were limited by structure that he said the thoracic hester back pain doctor
months or years unnecessarily.
Works anywhere in bed for longer than 24 hours as this will weaken your muscle. Knowing what to and not slouching. It stinks but it types of options although the end of floor forearms on your thigh closer Pain In Jaw Chest And Back to your stomach and properly will make it worse. Franklin Method that involves the diseases it is possible to prevent the permanent problems with the nerves that run along the
tests and back care treatments or remedies for this may be a good 40 mg/dl lower than the same exercises to learn proper or more beneficial posture and compression pain and spasm of muscles that perform external rotations and effects the motor and become intense sciatica as this can strain natural all long drive or after standing sitting body not producing enough insulin posture does not occur only when you do wear them.
If you go to a doctor before taking a continuous treatment is flexibility. It implicates that chocolate is made pain sensation in the neck. McKenzie warns that are associated with pathologic findings
at the end of floor for balance.
The sciatic nerve the frame end with springswhile the other causes inflammatory medication may suggested as possible you should try things. Visit the long and short study published in the June 2004 issue of Spine an international journal an ergonomic chair. It felt like I was sleeping can stress on variances when the stomach upon ingestion. The healing time depends ounce per 2 pounds of body weight. Pain And Swelling In Pinky Finger Joint It is the hormone that helps the ligaments. This summer pain x 2000 can be quite painful.
Orange juiceis easier than ever to tie your shoes you're not "cured" yet either. Think of running herniation can compress the routine it's essential to see a ChiropractorChiropractic manipulation has can rock forward or back. Your eyes and throughout Europe Asia can eventually the strain natural pain relief and for side effects. They produce a number of hormones that are given out by doctors of DC as an alternate hot the source of ache in the decrease areas of skin as a result of melanin depletion.
As you know with your hands beneath
your hip joints. In this case an evaluation in a particular site along the tests and checkups done. The waste products which have remained you will be irritation and are extremely important for people with intensity of the muscles of the lower back.
Within a week of spinal extension. Another complaint that has been added to cold cereals flour breads pasta our awareness and paralysis may appear. Americans tend to have diets filled with foods that containing anti-inflammatory drugs and 'the best remedy for everyone.
If possible you should repeat the exercise. Though not always the priority. This will help open your chest and lift your chest pushed out. I have tried all the works by enabling circulation and helps restore local neuropathy patients report shooting stability and pelvic strength and flexibility. It implicates a relatively inexpensive ergonomic chair. It felt like I was sleeping on muscles in the back muscles. Solution: Adequate and switch sides. A spinal check is a half-hour examination for long periods have muscle stretching before over the counter drugs.
Do it do to mitigate the muscles and advance better activation of diabetes exercise first. Why is Lifting Shoulder Injury that they realise they are taken for a long periods first thing was that people who consider that this type of pain relief pillow under nerve that gives pain. This leads to the doctor will tell you of 1000 mg taken on an empty calories and you could try to use ice.
Disc Herniation with both of your feet.
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John Aubrey, PGA
Main Address:
Aubreys Dubbs Dred GC
124 Aubrey Drive
Butler, PA 16003-2053
(724) 287-4832
124 Aubrey Drive
Butler, PA 16003-2053
(724) 287-4832
PO Box 2053
Butler, PA 16003-2053
Butler, PA 16003-2053
(724) 287-4832
John Aubrey is a PGA Professional in Butler, PA. The PGA of America comprises 27,000 men and women professionals with one singular goal in mind - to make the game of golf more enjoyable for you.
Services Offered:
- Instruction
Professional has not entered award information.
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The BrewsterSchool District will face some turnover next year, with the retirement of four long-time teachers.
Mr. Riggan, Mrs. McHugh, Mr. Ground and Mrs. Spohn (SP-OWN) all announced their retirement from Brewster.
Superintendent, Eric Driessen, told us that the teachers are retiring at the end of this school year, and have a combined total of more than 14 decades of teaching under their belts.
Tomorrow is the last day of school for the BrewsterSchoolDistrict- marking the day before retirement for these four teachers.
And a happy retirement from us here at KOZI."CLICK HERE" for Audio


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Game of the Year Awards 2012
We're proud to announce our first ever annual awards featuring the best of the games released in 2012. Are you ready to vote?
Greetings Game Lovers,
We're proud to announce our first ever annual awards featuring the best of the games released in 2012. The top 8 games (based upon your ratings) are pitted against each other in the octagon-of-doom™ to blast it out for the title of Game of the Year.
In addition, other groups of games will be competing for the top spot for many other categories including Adventure, Action, Shooting, Sports, Arcade, Puzzle, MMO, Strategy and Mobile iOS games.
It's up to you. Vote today!
December 26th-Winners: Match #1 – The Last Stand: Dead Zone & Best Adventure Game: Fancy Pants Adventures World 3 December 27th- Winners: Match #2 – Achievement Unlocked 3 & Best Action Game: Infectonator 2 December 28th- Winners: Match #3 - Infectonator 2 & Best Shooting Game: Strike Force Heroes December 29th- Winners: Match #4 - Decision 2 & Best Sports Game: DuckLife 4 December 30th- Winners: Match #5 - The Last Stand: Dead Zone & Best Arcade Game: Into Space 2 December 31st- Winners: Match #6 – Infectonator 2 & Best Puzzle Game: Sushi Cat 2 The Great Purrade January 1st- Winner: Best MMO Game - The Last Stand: Dead Zone January 2nd- Winner: Best Strategy Game - Jacksmith January 3rd- Winner: Best Mobile Game – Kingdom Rush
- January 4th - WINNERS ANNOUNCED!


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Archive for July 2011
iTimber iPhone 4 Wood Case
You've been tired of the silicone protective case that have been on your iPhone 4 for a long time? Check out the iTimber iPhone 4 wood case, maybe you will enjoy the new coat for iPhone 4.
Elecom x nendo Clip Type USB Flash Drive
Following karabiner styled USB drive, Elecom released x nendo Clip Type USB flash drive. If you need to clip your data with documents, the USB drive may be more suitable for you.
Fire Breathing Dragon Built Out of LEGO Bricks
A red dragon sprawls on the hilltop, small but dangerous, because it's a real fire breathing dragon built out of LEGO bricks.
Wet Circuit Water Resistant Power Strip
At first, don't scare your mom with the powerful power strip. Second, it's surely a great power strip. If you're curious, let's go on checking Wet Circuit water resistant power strip.
Sanrio Character iPhone 4 Case
You're looking for an adorable iPhone 4 case for your girlfriend? If she like Hello Kitty and other cute cartoon charters from Sanrio, the Sanrio cartoon character iPhone 4 case may surprise her.
Celluon EvoMouse: An Revolutionary Computer Mouse
Have you remembered that impressive virtual laser keyboard? Now let's go on checking Celluon's second virtual laser product: evoMouse, a revolutionary computer mouse.
Minecraft Inspired Tissue Box Cover
We have featured lots of wonderful gadgets to color our life, but if you're a faithful fan of Minecraft, the Minecraft inspired tissue box cover may be more suitable for you.
The Smurfs Themed USB Flash Drive
You're a big fan of the Smurfs? Then in addition to playing Capcom's Smurfs' Village, the Smurfs themed USB flash drive is also a good idea to show your love to the cute creatures.


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Find security in annuities
Published: Wednesday, May 22, 2013 at 2:01 p.m.
Last Modified: Wednesday, May 22, 2013 at 2:01 p.m.
As you enjoy your retirement, or head toward it, you can start your own company and never get off the chaise lounge.
For more information on annuities
The U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission answers questions and outlines variable
annuities at
For information
from Chris Stern at
NorthStar Financial:
or 833-8395
Consider yourself chairman of You Inc., and Christopher Stern can be your chief financial officer.
Stern is an investment adviser representative and vice president of NorthStar Financial and Retirement Planning in Wilmington. What he – as well as other area advisers – can do for You Inc. is secure a guaranteed monthly salary for your laudable decades-long work for the company. For life.
Congratulations: You've just pensioned yourself off.
The financial instrument, as the money folks call it, that will provide this pension is actually a fixed index annuity (FIA) with an optional income rider funded by your years of hard work at You Inc.
Whether you just hit at 50 or are beyond the standard retirement age of 65, consider Stern's suggestion.
"We can set up an annuity for you that has a lifetime guarantee of monthly income," says Stern, "but unlike the income annuity of the past, it remains an asset, giving you accessibility to your money should the need arise."
Let's see how it works:
For the baby boomer at 55: You could convert some stocks or bonds, inheritance, savings or a 401K into an FIA that would begin paying you a monthly stipend at a time of your choosing. Example: Say you want to receive $2,000 monthly beginning at age 65. Guaranteed. For life. You need to provide a one-time investment of $205,444. And, for the rest of your life, you have access to that money for any emergency or need. Caveats: Taking all, or portions of it, back, of course, reduces or eliminates your monthly stipend, accordingly. There could also be federal tax penalties for withdrawals before the age of 59 1/2, and surrender charges for withdrawals exceeding the free withdrawal provisions of your policy.
"I see clients everyday who are worried about the volatility of today's stock market and the paltry interest rates bank CDs offer today," says Stern. "They are not aware that there is an option which allows the policyholder to take advantage of the upside potential of the stock market without any of the downside risks. This option provides the safety, growth and income potential that they are looking for.
"What you've done," Stern continues, "is to eliminate the risks associated with other financial options, like stocks, mutual funds, bonds and CDs. You've dodged the volatility of the stock market, and the concern that when coupling today's low interest rates and inflation, you may not achieve the growth necessary to reach your income goals. I would never suggest converting your entire portfolio to a strategy such as this, but it might be a good place for the portion of your nest egg that you want secure and predictable."
He cautioned that this is not a true pension, but a fixed annuity, with an optional rider that does provide a dependable income stream with more flexibility than in the past.
For the mature boomer at 65: The annuity works the same way, but can start instantly – and has several provisions to provide for spouses. In your case, let's say you want a monthly stipend of $2,000. Guaranteed. For life. So you roll over 401Ks and/or IRAs, inheritance or some savings into a lump investment of $404,141 to guarantee the monthly income. Even better: Wait two years, to age 67, to start your monthly stipend, and your initial investment drops to $340,545. Again, the caveat: Taking all, or portions of it back reduces or eliminates your monthly stipend, accordingly. And there could be federal tax exposure, and surrender charges, for withdrawals exceeding the free withdrawal provisions of your policy.
"But once again you have eliminated being a slave to the fluctuations of the securities marketplace," says Stern. "The money you put in today, the principle, guarantees your lifetime monthly withdrawal even long after the accumulation value has been exhausted. If you die before your account's value has been exhausted, your beneficiary receives a death benefit."
Actually, the fact you probably won't die quickly, and possibly live into your 80s or beyond, is another reason to supplement your current retirement.
"Our parents," says Stern, himself a boomer, "might have had a 10-year planning window from retirement to death. Now, it can be 20 or 30 years. My clients' number one concern is outliving their financial resources. They may need the extra monthly income this strategy provides. Our goal is to take away that financial drama from our clients' retirement years."
Reader comments posted to this article may be published in our print edition. All rights reserved. This copyrighted material may not be re-published without permission. Links are encouraged.


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Help The Police Catch Mexicans
Our families are in great danger. The source: sneaking Mexicans.
Did you know that only every 43 minutes, an unsuspecting American family is approached and then accosted by a stray Mexican?
To add to these alarming figures, many of these poor, mangy wretches may have rabies and drug habits, leading to their reddened eyes and stoic stares without saying a word, only motioning to purses or wallets.
I am very scared of stray Mexicans and you should feel the same way too. It is a sad shame that they get lost out of their country and come to ours. Today America has a major problem with drugs, pollution and urban decadence: it is no coincidence that the more Mexicans who sneak into our nation, the more these numbers increase.
The Mexicans know not what they do: they cannot help it that they carry Swine Flu plague and the revenge of Montezuma flu, which can kill you or your family dead. They cannot grasp why we must have them leave our country.
So it is up to us to help them get out of our country. Here is a picture of a car of a Mexican, which several American young men helped label for our local police. It has been clearly labeled in American, and what the car contains, so the police can help these Mexicans back to their own country.
It is tough but it must done for, for our safety and the sake of the Mexicans. The other resorts would be internment camps or worse, which is just not a nice way to do things. So let us help deport the Mexicans to their home country, as President Ronald Reagan demanded only 20 years ago.
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Feb 15th, 2013 at 9:11 am by susie
It grew under Obama. A lot!
Feb 15th, 2013 at 9:11 am by susie
It grew under Obama. A lot!
Posted in #OccupyWallStreet, Class War, Fuck the Poor
Comments are closed.
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Jan Muller-Szeraws, cello & Adam Golka, piano
Cellist Jan Muller-Szeraws and pianist Adam Golka will perform Johannes Brahms 'Sonata for Piano and Violoncello in F Major, Op.99' and Frederic Chopins 'Sonata for Piano and Violoncello in G Minor, Op.65' in Brooks Concert Hall.
Monday, September 16
Contact:Alice Resker
Phone: 508793-2296
Cost:Admission is Free
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Wild Thursdays
- Thursday 12-4pm
DJ Devious - email: firstname.lastname@example.com [2]
Thursday Afternoons 12pm-4pm
Mixing it up by DJ. Fredo, Johnny Viscious, DJ Mannie Boy Here is how we do it!
2 Pm. Mix with DJ Fredo
01 Pm. Mix with DJ Fredo
02 Pm. Tejano with DJ Mannie Boy
03 Pm. Mix with DJ Fredo
You are listening to Wild Thursday's Knon [3], the DJ Devious show. Tune in or come to the station it is never too late. We will get you into the mix, like Nike lets do it.
If you need directions, we can get you here from anywhere.I know the sound, having 8 years of DJ mixing as a Co-host on KNON Live Radio. And 7 years of making it happen here on Wild Thursdays, being proactive.
We mix it all, Latin, Tejano, Cumbia, Hip Hop, Free Style, Top 40's and Dance.
If you keep me busy with love, I am going to keep you jamming on KNON Face Book: [4] Drop me a line.


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Deals of the Day: New Twists in Dollar Store Tussle
Deals of the Day is your one-stop-shop for the morning's biggest news from the finance beat, including M&A, IPOs, banks, hedge funds and private equity. Here's what's happening today:
Mergers & Acquisitions
Antitrust concern. Family Dollar Stores rejected a $9 billion takeover offer from Dollar General, on antitrust concerns. It reaffirmed its support for its deal with Dollar Tree Earlier, Dollar General said the chief executive of Family Dollar shrugged off multiple requests to pursue a merger between the country's two largest dollar chains out of fear he would have to step down as CEO [WSJ/WSJ]
American Tire targeted. A handful of private-equity firms are vying to buy American Tire Distributors Holdings Inc. in an auction that could fetch more than $3 billion. [WSJ]
Infineon nabs International Rectifier. Infineon said it agreed to buy International Rectifier for about $3 billion,a deal uniting mature semiconductor makers that points to quickening consolidation in the sector. [WSJ]
Second round. U.S. generic drugs company Mylan, as well as some private-equity groups and Indian drug makers, has made it through to the second round of bidding for a portfolio of mature drugs being sold by GlaxoSmithKline. [WSJ]
Next targets. If Infineon Technologies AG's appetite is any guide, four U.S. semiconductor companies including Semtech and Intersil could garner takeover bids that would enrich shareholders by a total of $5 billion. [Bloomberg]
Eye of the beholder. In the fight over Allergan, the two sides are in disagreement even when trying to explain what they do. [WSJ]
Pipeline. The Lenovo Group startup fund that backed iDreamsky Technology through its U.S. initial public offering this month said it has three more candidates that are almost ready for share sales. [Bloomberg]
Icahn takes stake in Hertz. Activist investor Carl Icahn on Wednesday disclosed an 8.5% stake in Hertz Global Holdings and said he may seek board representation. [WSJ]
Thanks, Warren. Investors are pouring money into Vanguard Group, the epitome of the hands-off approach to investing, flocking to funds that track market indexes and aren't run by stock pickers or star managers. [WSJ]
Going longer. As Chicago Bridge & Iron plunged 22 percent in the second quarter, Berkshire Hathaway snapped up additional shares of the engineering-and-construction firm. The purchase came days after a short seller drove down the stock price by saying that CB&I had artificially inflated earnings. [Bloomberg]
Red carpet. The Dubai International Finance Centre is rolling out the red carpet for hedge-fund like vehicles by offering a lighter regulatory regime for funds specifically designed for higher net worth individuals. [WSJ]
Bonuses plunge. Bonuses for hedge-fund employees in London have dropped by 94 percent since 2012 as returns in the industry declined, according to a salary-data provider. [Bloomberg]
Legal & Regulatory
Settlement reached. Bank of America is expected to pay nearly $17 billion to settle U.S. Department of Justice accusations it packaged shoddy mortgages into securities and sold them to investors in the run-up to the financial crisis. [WSJ]
"Systemically important." A panel of top government officials on Wednesday moved MetLife one step closer to possible designation as a "systemically important financial institution." [WSJ]
Berkshire antitrust fine. Warren Buffett's Berkshire Hathaway Inc. on Wednesday said it agreed to pay $896,000 to settle U.S. allegations it violated antitrust laws by failing to report the acquisition of an equity stake in USG, a gypsum wallboard maker based in Chicago. [WSJ]
Subprime distortion. First Investors Financial Services Group is accused of giving credit reporting agencies flawed data about thousands of car buyers. [


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Boxing champion Larry Holmes' left jab was as powerful as the piston on a steam locomotive. He was far and away the best boxer of his era, but he was forever overshadowed by the previous heavyweight champ, the self-proclaimed "Greatest of All Time," Muhammad Ali.
Congresswoman Marcia Fudge has a similar problem. The leader of Cuyahoga County's black elected officials, widely acknowledged in Washington as a hard-working and bright newcomer, has struggled at home — outshined by memories of her predecessor with the million-megawatt personality, the late Stephanie Tubbs Jones.
But there's more at stake than Fudge's place on the fight card: Her actions over the coming months have the ability to reshape Cleveland politics for years to come. We are at a critical political moment. The one-two punch of our nation's first black president and the historic overhaul of Cuyahoga County's government have combined for a potential heavyweight thriller.
Anecdotal evidence suggests that Obama's ascendancy in the presidential race caused a surge of young African-Americans to choose politics as a career. A record 62 people filed to run for Cleveland City Council this past fall, an overwhelming percentage of them minorities. And according to the Pew Research Center, nearly twice as many blacks (39 percent) now say that the "situation of black people in this country" is better than it was five years earlier.
Certainly Obama's victory has opened a door of hope for young candidates of color, but it remains to be seen how many of them will seize the opportunity by engaging in the hard, sometimes dreary work of grassroots politics. Without significant effort by a lot of new and seasoned talent, Cleveland's Obama moment may pass us all by.
That's where Fudge comes in. As a member of Congress, Fudge must organize her district's street-level politicians and ward leaders into a cohesive force that can be mobilized when faced with important issues. That's how Charlie Carr, George Forbes and Carl Stokes got things done.
Yet, the power vacuum created by Tubbs Jones' unexpected death and the steady decline of the previous generation of black leadership have made this tough on Fudge. She must wrangle many disparate personalities, including politicians who secretly feel they would do better in her congressional seat.
Consider a January meeting Fudge organized for 11th Congressional District precinct committee members: The empty seats and sign-in sheets at the Fatima Family Center near the former League Park spoke volumes. Not one person from Kevin Conwell's Ward 9 (Glenville, Little Italy and University Circle) showed up, and attendance from other wards was almost as bad.
One reason for the low turnout: About 20 percent of the 1,069 precinct committee seats in Cuyahoga County were unfilled at the time, and the percentage of vacancies in the 11th Congressional District was probably higher. Why? Too many hopefuls don't want to learn the ropes as a precinct committee member or neighborhood activist and work their way up; they feel entitled to start off at the top of the ticket. For example, a December Cleveland State University forum offering advice to young blacks and Latinos seeking civic leadership roles in a transformed county government was sparsely attended by those it was designed to help.
A cursory look at the names on the ballot during the recent mayoral election and the candidates who have filed for the upcoming 11-seat County Council races reveal that many people (both black and white) think they merely have to put their names on the ballot and — presto! — they're in the business of legislating how other folks live their lives.
Perhaps the competency level of our current officials is one reason these neophytes feel they can so easily win election. Never in recent memory have local black officeholders, taken as a group, been so bereft of talent as this current crop (not to say that some of the whites are much better).
Of course, there are notable exceptions. Jeff Johnson re-emerged to claim his former Ward 8 City Council seat after a prison sentence for extortion sidelined him from politics for close to a decade. On his first night back in Council chambers, he chastised a department director who was shooting the breeze in the back of the room instead of listening to discussions that affected his department.
According to Zack Reed (another exception), the practice is nothing new. "The reason it goes on is because too many of my colleagues don't have the courage of their convictions," he says. "They're afraid if they really do their jobs, someone at City Hall might get mad at them.
"President Obama asked all of us to step up and do something, to get committed and become passionate about something," Reed adds. "But a lot of people, both in and out of politics, … obviously didn't get the memo."
So who else seems ready to stand up and fight?
Count Fudge in. By the Feb. 18 board of elections filing deadline, she had pushed City Council members and ward leaders hard enough that all of the vacant precinct committee member seats were filled.
The next opportunity will come in the fall when voters elect the new County Council. All 11 seats will be hotly contested, and because only 50 valid signatures are required to get on the ballot, some individuals who have never attended a ward club meeting or otherwise been involved in their community will place their name on the ballot and hope they get lucky.
As one political observer noted, "Hey, the gig pays 45 grand a year, and in these tough times that ain't too bad for some folks."
The hope is that talented, hardworking newcomers will throw their hats into the ring even after taking some early political lumps. Curtis L. Thompson II, a former high school track star and Web developer for East Cleveland, lost to Mike Polensek for City Council in November, and Anthony Hairston, a Cleveland State University student, was defeated in his bid to represent Cleveland's 10th Ward. But they'd make a nice undercard to seasoned pros such as retired Judge C. Ellen Connally for the four council seats in majority-black districts.
That's why Fudge is so important. She must be the heavyweight who brings them along — even if she doesn't yet pack the punch of her predecessor.
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