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As we continue to honor the life of Lezo Urreiztieta, the track and field student-athlete who recently passed away from complications following brain surgery, the Arizona athletics department has coordinated a public memorial to be held at the McKale Center on Wednesday, Jan. 22 from 6-7 p.m. The timing of the event was determined to allow friends, teammates and fellow student-athletes to return from break and participate in the tribute.
The program will include comments from head track and field coach Fred Harvey, myself and members of the track and field team. Parking will be available free of charge in surface lots and at meters, while a nominal fee will be required for parking in the Cherry garage. Doors will open for the memorial at 5:30 p.m.
As a reminder, Izaro and Melissa Urreiztieta have established the Lezo Urreiztieta Endowed Scholarship in remembrance of their son, which will provide scholarship support to a track and field student-athlete each year. To contribute, please click here and scroll down to "Endowments."
As many of you are aware, we recently announced a number of major gifts in conjunction with the McKale Center renovation project. The overall project is set for an $80 million renovation with Phase I costing $30 million. We started with the announcement of a leadership gift from Cole and Jeannie Davis in the amount of $6 million, which brought our total at the time to $12.6 million.
Using the momentum from the initial announcement, the project has received a number of other significant contributions, including a $2.5 million anonymous donation. The Donald Diamond family pledged $1 million, while George Rountree committed $800,000. We were also able to secure two $500,000 gifts from separate anonymous donors.
In addition to the gifts that have been secured, an anonymous donor has presented us with an $8 million matching gift challenge. Basically, if we can raise another $8 million, this very generous family will match it. If all $8 million is raised and the match is secured, our total fundraising will reach $28.6 million. I can tell you that the challenge gift has already created a lot of excitement. We should be announcing a number of significant gifts in the coming weeks that will be matched with the $8 million challenge.
The improvement of our facilities is extremely important as we work to stay competitive with others around the country. Improved facilities have a direct correlation to recruiting, the fan experience and revenue generation and impact not just the programs that compete in the McKale Center, but all 20 of our sports programs.
We are currently working on six and seven-figure gifts for the McKale renovation, and while I know most are unable to support at that level, please support the Wildcat Club at whatever level you can afford. If you are interested in making a major gift to the McKale renovation project, please contact my office or the Wildcat Club at (520) 621-2582.
After this past weekend's historic sweep in Los Angeles, which contributed to the best start in school history (17-0), head coach Sean Miller and the men's basketball program are ready for rivalry night in the McKale Center. Your Wildcats will take on our neighbors to the north on Thursday at 7:00 p.m., and as has become customary when we host our rivals in Tucson, we're asking all fans to WEAR RED. The fans have been outstanding both at home and on the road this season, and we want the atmosphere in McKale to be electric, so break out your favorite red piece of Arizona gear and help us #RedOut the McKale Center on Thursday night. The official Red Out t-shirt is available at all UA Bookstore locations and the A-Store at McKale.
Last Sunday, WNBA star Davellyn Whyte was inducted into the Arizona Ring of Honor. She became one of just four women's basketball players to achieve this prestigious honor. Whyte joined Adia Barnes (1995-98), Shawntinice Polk (2001-05) and Dee Dee Wheeler (2002-05) as women's basketball representatives in the Ring of Honor.
In her four years at Arizona, Whyte scored 2, 059 points, the second-highest point total in school history. She finished her career second all-time in steals, fourth in free throws, eighth in assists and ninth in rebounding. In April of 2013, Whyte became the highest WNBA draft pick in Arizona history when she was selected 16th by the San Antonio Silver Stars. She made the team, played in 29 games and started four.
I want to send a thank you to all of our fans who have supported our men's basketball team on the road. The U of A chants could be heard loud and clear at Madison Square Garden, the Crisler Center, Pauley Pavilion and the Galen Center. We're looking forward to the next opportunity Wildcat Nation has to fill an opposing team's arena in two weeks when the Cats head to the Bay Area to take on Stanford and Cal. For fans coming to those games, please note the BayCats chapter of the UA Alumni Association is hosting a special event on Friday, Jan. 31. It's called "Salute to Lute." Just as the name implies, legendary coach Lute Olson will be honored that evening. It's a great opportunity for fans to meet Coach Olson and thank him for everything he's done for our University. More information, including how to buy tickets, can be found by clicking here.
Spring signing day (Wednesday, Feb. 5) is just around the corner, which means another crop of young men will sign their national letters of intent and join our football program. As in year's past, fans will be able to follow along as the letters start rolling in thanks to our OKG Day show that will air on ArizonaWildcats.com. The OKG Day show, which will begin at 7 a.m. MST, will consist of signee announcements, video highlights, interviews with the staff and current players and features on the Arizona football program. Fans can interact with us throughout the day by using the hashtag #AZOKGDay when posting on various social media outlets. We hope you'll tune-in to learn more about the next crop of Wildcats.
To finish off the day, the Arizona athletics department will host a party in the Sands Club (5th floor of the Lowell-Stevens Football Facility). Doors will open at 5:30 p.m. with the program getting underway at 6:15 p.m. Tickets for the party are $20 for the general public or when purchased on the day of the event and $10 for 2013 or 2014 season ticket holders and/or Wildcat Club members. The tickets can be purchased online here. With capacity set at just 650 attendees, I suggest getting your tickets for the event early as I'm sure they will go fast.
Remember to save the date, Wednesday, Feb. 5, and join us as we celebrate the 2014 Arizona football signees.
The Arizona athletics department and the A-Club Letterwinners Association are excited to invite all alumni student-athletes to participate in the 2014 Super Wildcat Weekend festivities. Please save the date for April 10-13, 2014. Invitations will be mailed soon. Please remember to RSVP. Here is a list of activities for the Super Wildcat Weekend:
· Movie Night at Arizona Stadium (Open to general public)
· Alumni Letterwinners Golf Tournament at La Paloma
· Alumni Letterwinners Welcome Back Reception at Arizona baseball game vs UCLA
· Alumni Days: Baseball, Track and Field and Men's Tennis
· Alumni Letterwinners Celebrity Flag Football Game at Arizona Stadium
· Alumni Letterwinners Tailgate at Arizona Stadium
· Annual Arizona Football Spring Football Game at Arizona Stadium
· Track and Field/Cross Country Reunion
Thank you to those student-athletes that have continued to volunteer their time over the winter vacation. Many of you stayed active during your time off and we appreciate all of your efforts. As more student-athletes return to campus, all of our teams will be taking part in our annual Cats Give Back Week, a week dedicated for the student-athletes to give back to our Tucson community. As a part of Cats Give Back Week, on January 11th, members of the Men's and Women's Tennis teams went to the Pima County Juvenile Detention Center. These student-athletes talked to the kids about hard work and how to overcome adversity. Thank you to all of those that attended this important community service event.
Classes are back in full swing today as we begin another semester at the University of Arizona. Signing Day for several sports is a few weeks away and recruits will soon be signing their national letters of intent. We would like to remind everyone that it is not permissible to use social media to try to persuade recruits to come to Arizona. Please leave the recruiting to the coaches. We appreciate the help from all of the supporters of Arizona athletics and would like to remind everyone that compliance is everyone's responsibility.
Softball's Chelsea Suitos was tabbed a semifinalist for the Coach Wooden Citizenship Cup, which honors two athletes that have made the greatest difference in the lives of others …Gymnastics started their 2014 season with a victory at Illinois-Chicago on Saturday. Junior Kristin Klarenbach posted the highest score of the night with a 9.9 on the floor exercise … Track & Fieldstarts its indoor season on Saturday at the Lumberjack Challenge. The men's team enters the season ranked 17th in the USTFCCCA poll … Football's Ka'Deem Carey announced that he will enter the 2014 NFL Draft. Carey finished his career as Arizona's all-time leading rusher and was a two-time consensus All-American, two-time first-team All-Pac 12 performer and the 2013 Pac-12 Offensive Player of the Year … Sand Volleyball starts its inaugural season this week. Make sure to follow their social media accounts on Twitter @ArizonaSandVB and on Instagram atarizonasandvolleyball.
Here is a look at this week's Arizona Athletics events (Home events in BOLD). All times are listed as Mountain Standard Time. To purchase tickets for home events, click here. To access live stats from your desktop or mobile device, visit ArizonaLiveStats.com.
7:00 p.m.: Men's Basketball vs. Arizona St. (TV: FOX Sports 1) (Radio: TuneIn) (BEAR DOWN GAME) (WEAR RED FOR A RED OUT)
9:00 a.m.: Men's Tennis vs. Texas A&M Corpus Christi (at Albuquerque, N.M.)
12:30 p.m.: Men's Tennis vs. UC Irvine (at Albuquerque, N.M.)
7:00 p.m.: Women's Basketball vs. Stanford (TV: Pac-12 Networks) (Live Audio Stream)
All Day: Track & Field at Lumberjack Invitational (at Flagstaff, Ariz.)
9:00 a.m.: Men's Tennis vs. UC Irvine (at Albuquerque, N.M.)
7:30 p.m.: Men's Tennis at New Mexico
3:00 p.m.: Gymnastics vs. Stanford and Sacramento St. (at Palo Alto, Calif.)
4:00 p.m.: Men's Tennis vs. Texas A&M Corpus Christi (at Albuquerque, N.M.)
7:00 p.m.: Men's Tennis at New Mexico
3:00 p.m.: Women's Basketball vs. California (TV: Pac-12 Networks) (Live Audio Stream)
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|Continue to do what you can to help Arizona Athletics and:
1. Join the Wildcat Movement
2. Buy Season Tickets
3. Wear the Colors (Especially on Friday)
4. Get Others to do the Same
Bear Down with Pride,
Greg Byrne
Vice President for Athletics
The University of Arizona


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Spring time is a wonderful time for Mount Vernon, the Tulip season brings New Adventure.
Skagit County Tulip Festival has been part of the City of Mount Vernon, since the early 1980's. First being part of the Mount Vernon Chamber of Commerce then branching out to form it own organization.
Featured Events:
The Downtown Mount Vernon Street Fair April 25-27, 2014. The 30th Annual Tulip Festival Street Fair, presented by the Mount Vernon Downtown Association. Featuring 100s of juried arts and crafts vendors from more that 8 states. Live entertainment at multiple locations, children's activities and a wonderful variety of food concessions to choose from.
Kiwanis Salmon Barbecue has become a staple within the festival. April 5 – April 27, 11am – 7pm Daily.Wild Salmon barbecued over Alder, with baked potato, slaw, garlic bread, & ice cream. Two serving sizes, $10 and $12. Heated Lodge.
Tulip Run 9:30am start on April 5. Join us. Be a part of Skagit Valley Tulip Festival's premier running event. This scenic 2 or 5 mile course is flat and fast on gravel packed trails. It's an experience the whole family will enjoy. Free to 14 and under (to encourage you) and 70 and older (you deserve it). Otherwise, $13 OR $23 with shirt. Info and registration on-line at www.tuliprun.com. If needed, call (360) 540-1611
33rd Annual Tulip Pedal, April 19, 2014 consists of 20- 40- and 60-mile bike ride. Registration from 7 am – noon. Course open until 4 pm. Pre-registration: $30. Day of: $35. Technical jerseys available for $15. Kids 14 and under FREE. For more info call (360) 428-3236 or visit www.active.com for registration.
list of Festival events:http://www.tulipfestival.org/calendar
Need to Know
The Bloom Map is a wonderful feature that Tulips.com has provided. Updated daily with the most current fields in bloom, in addition, to where the Tulips, Daffodils and Iris are located.

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Sponsored by Oxford Instruments Industrial Analysis
Positive Material Identification (PMI)
The Growing Importance of Positive Material Identification
Examples of Where Positive Material Identification is Used
Positive Material Identification PMI Methods
The X-Ray Fluorescence Technique XRF
The Optical Emission Spectroscopy Technique OES
Limitations and Advantages of Analytical Techniques
X-Ray Fluorescence XRF
Optical Emission Spectroscopy OES
Areas Where Positive Materials Identification is Used
Modern XRF Analyzers
Oxford Instruments is a leading supplier of analytical instruments designed for demanding quality control applications using the core technologies of X-ray Fluorescence (XRF) and Optical Emission Spectroscopy (OES). One of the key application areas where we provide a wide range of XRF solutions is the measurement of sulfur in petroleum.
Oxford Instruments product range covers mobile, portable and stationary optical emission spectrometers for laboratory and industrial applications.
Positive Material Identification (PMI) refers to the identification and analysis of various metal alloys based on their chemical composition in nondestructive testing (NDT). Measurement results are shown in the form of elemental concentration in percentage or by specific alloy name such as SS316L or Inconel 625. PMI is a field-testing method made possible by the portability of most PMI analyzers. These instruments also can be used in the laboratory.
Because specifications for materials used in industry are increasingly more specific, the need for PMI testing has been steadily increasing for the past several years. Periodic plant maintenance shutdowns are less frequent and consequently the materials used in the plant are in use longer. A wider variety of alloys that are indistinguishable to the eye are being used in individual plants. When facility staff replace components, they must be able to guarantee that the new part matches engineering specifications. Recent industrial accidents have cost the lives of workers and heightened the awareness of the need for accurate and comprehensive PMI inspections.
Today, many major oil companies require that every pipe, flange, connector, valve and welding seam in critical parts of the plant be measured to verify that materials match engineering specifications. Finally, global sourcing is another factor driving the need for PMI. Currently, metal buyers and suppliers are operating globally, and buyers need to verify the quality of the product they are receiving.
The two main technologies used for alloy identification in PMI are X-ray Fluorescence (XRF) and Optical Emission Spectroscopy (OES).
XRF instruments work by exposing a sample to a beam of X-rays. The atoms of the sample absorb energy from the X-rays, become temporarily excited and then emit secondary X-rays. Each chemical element emits X-rays at a unique energy. By measuring intensity and characteristic energy of the emitted X-rays, an XRF analyzer can provide qualitative and quantitative analysis regarding the composition of the material being tested.
In the OES technique, atoms also are excited; however, the excitation energy comes from a spark formed between sample and electrode. In this case, the energy of the spark causes the electrons in the sample to emit light, which is converted into a spectral pattern. By measuring the intensity of the peaks in this spectrum, the OES analyzer can produce qualitative and quantitative analysis of the material composition. Although OES is considered a nondestructive testing method, the spark does leave a small burn on the sample surface.
Because specifications for materials used in industry are increasingly more specific, the need for PMI testing has been steadily increasing for the past several years.
Both analysis techniques offer advantages and disadvantages. XRF analyzers are easy to use, the units are light and small in size, and the sample to be measured does not require much preparation. But, there are limitations on the number of elements that XRF units can measure. Also, traditional methods of generating X-rays have used radioactive isotopes, the use of which requires much documentation. In the latest generation of portable XRF analyzers, isotopes have been replaced by small X-ray tubes requiring much less documentation.
OES instruments are larger in size and use argon gas to improve accuracy. Sample preparation plays an important role, but on the other hand, there is practically no limitation on the instruments' ability to analyze elements typically used in metals. One of the key reasons why OES technology is chosen instead of XRF is because of its superiority in the measurement of light elements in metals, such as carbon and aluminum. OES is the only reliable way to measure carbon outside of the laboratory, which commonly needs to be measured in samples of stainless steels, magnesium and silicon. The technology also is employed in the measurement of aluminum in aluminum alloys. OES measurements can be attained without an argon atmosphere, but will suffer degraded accuracy and precision or repeatability.
Typical operators of PMI analyzers are:
A decade ago, portable XRF analyzers weighed 10 kilograms and needed roughly 30 seconds to get readings; today, because of significant development in miniaturized X-ray tube technology and electronics, such instruments weigh less than 2 kilograms and produce readings in less than 5 seconds.
Modern software packages are available for easy data transfer and printing, and results are shown on color displays and units can communicate wirelessly. Analysis speed and accuracy are improving all the time, and on some latest XRF units, Aluminum, Magnesium and Silicon can be detected, although with accuracies not comparable to OES units. Some of the latest generation portable OES analyzers perform measurements approaching the accuracy of benchtop instruments, but with the advantage of portability.
Source: Oxford Instruments
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Mutti, Donald O.; Gwiazda, Jane; Norton, Thomas T.; Smith, Earl L. III; Schaeffel, Frank; To, Chi-ho
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Ideas about the etiology of myopia used to be trapped in a debate of either/or. Early descriptions placed the blame on the environment, particularly long periods of close work.1 In the mid-20th century, Sorsby and Benjamin2 swung the pendulum strongly toward genetics when they stated flatly that "studies on twins have shown that all refractions of the eye—emmetropia, hypermetropia, and myopia—are determined genetically." Nothing ruins a good dogma like data. The more recent view, informed by an explosion of information from research in the last 20 years, has moved toward a melding of these two extremes into a richly detailed combination of both nature and nurture. The idea that refractive error was hardwired into genes was shattered in 1977 when Wiesel and Raviola3 showed that eyelid suture produced myopia in monkeys and, then again, in 1978 when Wallman and coworkers4 showed that simple frosted occluders resulted in large amounts of myopia in chicks. The myopia research community truly lost one of its pioneers when Josh Wallman passed away in 2012. These deprivation experiments were followed by lens experiments by Schaeffel and coworkers5 whose powerful paradigm has shown that the eyes of young animals of an amazing variety of species respond to the sign and the magnitude of imposed defocus by modulating their rates of axial growth to compensate for the defocus and become effectively emmetropic. The fovea was originally assumed to be the seat of this local growth regulation because of its superior acuity, but later work showed that the retinal periphery also plays a role and can actually override the fovea during compensation for blur.6 This insight has stimulated interest in specialty refractive corrections such as multifocal contact lenses and orthokeratology, interventions that provide myopic defocus to the periphery in an attempt to rein in the growth of the myopic eye.
The research on myopia has not only taken place in laboratories exploring animal models (with many of these in schools and colleges of optometry). Large-scale human studies conducted around the world, in the United States, the European Union, Australia, Singapore, Hong Kong, and China, have added a new perspective on the roles of both environment and heredity. Earlier emphasis on near work as the major environmental factor influencing refractive error has been joined by interest in time outdoors as a protective factor against developing myopia.7–9 The general impression that heredity was refractive error destiny has been replaced by an extensive list of specific single nucleotide polymorphisms that are associated with myopia.10,11 Their functional significance remains an intriguing mystery, although some play provocative roles in ion transport, extracellular matrix formation, retinal ganglion cell development, and early eye development.
This background on myopia research is brief because much of the progress has been recent. "Myopia" was not even a key word at ARVO until 1989. The developments outlined above form the backdrop for the 20 articles presented in this special issue of Optometry and Vision Science devoted to myopia. Contrast that with seven original articles total that were just beginning to touch on these topics in the last two special issues on myopia in Optometry and Vision Science in 2009 and 2011. The articles in this issue are specific pieces of new research, but rather than seeing them as isolated pieces of knowledge, see them as touching on the big themes above: the protective effect of time outdoors, the control of eye growth through manipulation of foveal or peripheral defocus, image quality during accommodation, retinal physiology, the genetics of scleral collagen, and insights on how the past can inform the present in myopia research.
Identification of cascades behind basic biological processes like formation of adenosine triphosphate or photosynthesis is a discovery worth more than a couple of Nobel prizes. Unraveling the signal cascade(s) regulating eye growth requires placement of the numerous substances known to affect the growth of the eye into the proper order and relationship. One of these substances is dopamine, released in response to light exposure and of prime interest as the potential basis for the protective effect on myopia of children spending more time outdoors.12 Nickla and coworkers13 noticed that inhibition of either dopamine or nitric oxide stopped its protective effects against experimental myopia. In the current study, inhibition of nitric oxide made the dopamine agonist quinpirole ineffective, suggesting that dopamine is involved earlier in the cascade and that nitric oxide is a downstream product necessary for protection against myopia. This report is timely, given the current interest in time outdoors in humans, one that will open up the conversation about the effects of light beyond dopamine. Another animal study with important human implications comes from the Smith laboratory. Previous work had shown that hemifield deprivation and hyperopic defocus accelerate local growth in the corresponding retinal area.14 The current study shows that hemifield myopic defocus in monkeys slows local growth in the corresponding retinal area.15 This finding is good news as one might predict that a full circle of peripheral myopic defocus would have a similar beneficial effect in a myopic child. A genetics-only view such as from Sorsby could hardly imagine that the shape of the eye could be distorted by local defocus, as shown by the high-resolution magnetic resonance images in this study.
Thickening of the choroid in the chick is one of the most striking responses to the imposition of myopic defocus that slows the growth of the eye.16 Do humans retain this "inner chicken" and the ability to have the choroid participate in regulation of axial length? The research from Chakraborty and coworkers,17 including the current report, suggests the answer is yes. Previous work showed how imposed myopic defocus in mature eyes within a day thickens the choroid, shortens axial length, and shifts the daily rhythm of this process.17 The current study extends this work by showing that imposed hyperopic defocus accentuates the thinning of the choroid and lengthening of the axial eye without a disruption in rhythm.18 Work from Lan and colleagues19 brings the themes of light exposure and choroidal changes together. A period of bright light exposure thickened the choroids of chicks later in the day compared with those of control chicks exposed to normal indoor illumination. For 5 days, control chicks had thinner choroids compared with baseline, but bright light exposure maintained choroidal thickness over time.19
We still await the results of the definitive multiyear, randomized, clinical trial of peripheral optical treatment for controlling the progression of myopia in children. In the meantime, Walline and colleagues20 examined myopic children in bifocal soft contact lenses during a 2-year period compared with historic controls wearing single-vision contact lenses. The 27 children who completed 2 years progressed by about -0.50 diopters compared with the control children's progression of about -1.00 diopter. The most important finding was that, unlike other myopia treatments, the benefits did not seem confined to only the first year of treatment. Berntsen and Kramer21 examined the optics of center distance soft multifocal contact lenses. The added value of this work is that the peripheral optical profile for nonpresbyopic wearers was measured both at distance and at near. These designs would be less interesting if young wearers used the add power to avoid accommodation, thereby experiencing substantial amounts of foveal hyperopic defocus at near from the central zone. The young adults did not show any more lag than normal myopic children. They preferred their own accommodation to using the add power of the contact lens. Only one design was evaluated (Biofinity Multifocal D), but these bifocal lenses produced absolute myopia in the periphery at distance and produced emmetropia at several peripheral angles at near.
When it comes to supplying myopic peripheral defocus, overnight orthokeratology is still the champion. The main results from the Myopia Control with Orthokeratology contact lenses in Spain study have been reported elsewhere (0.22 mm less axial elongation in 2 years of treatment),22 but a follow-up report sought to ask what factors in a patient made for a better response. The authors identified a long list of positive factors for a better effect from overnight orthokeratology that needs to be evaluated prospectively (children who were older, had earlier onset of myopia, female sex, lower rate of myopia progression before baseline, less myopia at baseline, longer anterior chamber depth, greater corneal power, more prolate corneal shape, larger iris diameter, larger pupil sizes, and lower levels of parental myopia).23 Kang et al.24 from the Swarbrick laboratory measured peripheral refraction profiles after 2 weeks of orthokeratology lens wear, data that make for a nice comparison with those in the Berntsen article. In addition, Kang et al.24 attempted to manipulate fitting parameters and found that changes to optic zone diameter and peripheral curves produced no significant difference in the peripheral refraction profiles after orthokeratology. Maseedupally et al.25 made a detailed analysis of the changes in tangential curvature after orthokeratology and found nasal-temporal asymmetry with greater flattening temporally in the central cornea (5 mm diameter) and greater steepening temporally in the more peripheral zones. The specifics of these peripheral refraction profiles, including symmetry, have to be considered when future trials relate the degree of effectiveness of an optical treatment with the quality of the peripheral image being delivered.
Some corneal asymmetry may be natural and associated with emmetropia. Leung and coworkers26 made Pentacam measurements on 100 Chinese subjects across a range of ages with either compound myopic astigmatism or emmetropia. Corneas became less prolate with age in both refractive error groups. The most consistent differences from emmetropes were that myopic astigmats had more prolate temporal corneas, a shape associated with more astigmatism, at all ages and less prolate inferior corneas in the youngest two age groups. These differences may have implications for how the shape of the retinal contour develops in response to natural peripheral defocus or during an optical treatment for myopia. The relationship between corneal shape and astigmatism is an important perspective considering the large longitudinal study done on Native American children by Twelker et al.27 that showed that higher levels of astigmatism in young children were more likely to predispose them to become myopic by age 18 years.
Following the work of Smith and others regarding the ability of the retinal periphery to regulate the rate of axial growth, the usual optical strategy would be to provide relative myopic defocus to the retinal periphery as a "stop" signal. Price and coworkers28 in the Cambridge Anti-Myopia Study used a different strategy to improve accommodative response and reduce lag—reduction in positive spherical aberration—the opposite to the peripheral myopic defocus strategy of increasing positive spherical aberration. A subgroup also received accommodative facility flipper exercises. Interestingly and in contrast to the positive spherical aberration strategies of Walline et al.20 and Santodomingo-Rubido et al.,23 the intervention did not alter the rate of progression of myopia.29 A higher AC/A ratio, rather than greater lag, was the variable associated with the rate of myopic progression.
Not all alterations to spherical aberration are created equal, argues Thibos and coworkers.30 The authors' optical models show how image contrast is better in the presence of hyperopic defocus when spherical aberration is positive. They theorize that negative spherical aberration, particularly during near work, in conjunction with hyperopic defocus might be an underappreciated source of image degradation. The article makes a good case for measurement of baseline spherical aberration at distance and at near during trials of optical treatments for myopia control. The Thibos laboratory goes on to argue that not all retinas are created equal. Combining factors of accommodative lag and image quality, Sreenivasan et al.31 showed that myopes had more accommodative lag and poorer image quality across tasks but similar levels of visual acuity compared with emmetropes. Questions remain regarding whether the myopes are simply poorer at accommodation,32,33 whether their retinal processing squeezes more information out of the retinal image than emmetropes, and whether this more effective processing constitutes a blur tolerance that promotes hyperopic defocus. The retinal periphery seems to appreciate the improvement in image quality that comes from an appropriate peripheral correction. An on-axis correction degraded peripheral grating acuity and contrast thresholds compared with what was obtained while wearing an optimal peripheral refractive correction.34 Peripheral visual performance could be restored with custom design spectacles in this study, at least across the horizontal meridian. Overnight orthokeratology and bifocal soft contact lenses are the two main modes of altering peripheral defocus; spectacle designs have had only moderate success.35 It will be interesting to see how spectacle designs keep up with what can be delivered optically at the cornea.
Myopia research tends to be very axial length centric. Bailey and others36,37 have done a good job pointing out that other parts of the eye such as the ciliary muscle may be involved in myopia. Kuchem et al.38 from the Bailey laboratory extended this observation into anisometropia. Myopic eyes followed previous results, namely, that the ciliary muscle is thicker in myopes, particularly its posterior portion, but the more myopic eye in anisometropia was no different from the fellow eye. The authors argue that influences from the ciliary muscle may be just one of several pathways to myopia. More in line with the axial nature of myopia, Feng et al.39 conducted a meta-analysis of five previous studies looking at whether a variant in the lumican gene conferred a higher risk of high myopia in Chinese samples. The authors39 concluded the answer was yes with a relative risk of 1.46 for the homozygous genotype. High myopia continues to show different genetic variants compared with lower forms as this lumican gene variant was not listed in two recent and extremely large genome-wide analyses.10,11
Much can be learned from the laboratory, but sometimes, there is no other way to address a question than by the hard labor of accumulating a large data set during a long period. Hyrnchak and colleagues40 at the University of Waterloo collected refractive error data on all patients of all ages seen at their clinic in 2007. The result is a wonderful figure depicting the increase in the prevalence of myopia in the young, followed by the increase in the prevalence of hyperopia and decrease in the prevalence of myopia after age 50.40 The exact numbers may be in question because the data are from a clinical sample rather than a population-based one, but the general trends have been borne out in longitudinal data sets over shorter spans of ages. The authors also noted an increase in the prevalence of myopia when their data were compared with three older data sets, consistent with reports from Asia and from the United States. Rozema and colleagues41 polished up some of these large venerable data sets for others, like the Waterloo group, to use in the future. Four "golden oldies" from Stenström, Sorsby, Zeeman, and Awerbach have been adjusted for refractive index and optical calculation errors and then made available as supplemental digital content in Optometry and Vision Science.41
This feature issue represents a diverse collection of work that follows the many threads that make up modern myopia research. These studies will stimulate the research that addresses the questions for tomorrow. Can peripheral defocus or time outdoors be harnessed to provide clinical benefit? What would be the results of a full-scale clinical trial of these interventions? How would one optimize growth signals if trials show good results? Do the choroid and the ciliary muscle hold new insights into axial growth and myopia? Are differences in time outdoors the reason for increasing rates of myopia across generations? To paraphrase, there are more things in heaven and earth, Kepler and Sorsby, than are dreamt of in the either/or of nature versus nurture.
Donald O. Mutti
Jane Gwiazda
Thomas T. Norton
Earl L. Smith, III
Frank Schaeffel
Chi-ho To
© 2013 American Academy of Optometry
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We all love our pets as they are a part of our family. And as with all of us, our pet's age as well; what is to happen to the pet left behind when a steward of that animal dies. Sometimes stewards make plans in advance, other times not so much, as this will mean thinking of our own death. Frequently when working in a medical setting with a person of advanced age; the only concern is for the pet which has been left at home when the EMS picked up the person to take them to the hospital. Pets are very intuitive and frequently will howl when left, this upsetting the steward even more.
What plans have each of us put in place for our pets? Will they go to a friend's home or an adult child, will they be left to the community to manage or will they be left outside to make their way on their own. Each of us has the ability to voice the decision we want for these beautiful creatures. Our Will is a legal document which is in generalities or at least by the most financially valuable. However, there is another paper which is to discuss individual bequeaths for friends and family members. This attachment is preferably signed and dated. This paper is binding by law if mentioned in the Will. Now we can state our wishes for our pet and have those viewed without paying more money to have this known. Many times a lawyer will mention the attachment when discussing a particular piece of jewelry or book which has been promised to another.
A cautionary note is we should always discuss our intentions to name a specific individual as the steward for our pet at this point. All will rest much better if time is taken to discuss the care and concerns surrounding the life of this beautiful creature. Being sure that the person knows the health concerns of the pet are always very important and the place where medical care has been given in the past.


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The Portage County Courthouse may be the Rodney Dangerfield of courthouses _ it gets no respect.
One book, "Guide to Ohio's Historical Courthouses," called it a "rather drab and boring building that would not be recognized as a courthouse if it did not have 'County Courthouse' written up it." A county judge told county commissioners whatever they did to its facade couldn't make it any worse. And visitors, who are forced to enter through a side door, wonder aloud why the county is using what looks like an old high school as a courthouse.
But life may be looking up for the 38-year old building, due to get a minor facelift as part of a $3.5 million, second phase to its renovation. That doesn't include the cost of new furniture or office equipment that will be needed.
Commissioner Chuck Keiper said the total package will probably hit the $5 million mark. The current courthouse cost $1.5 million when it was built in 1961. The renovation, which commissioners say will meet the needs for the next 15 years, will cost more than five times that original figure that when all is said and done.
But will it be enough to make the ugly duckling building at least passable if not an outstanding example of architecture?
Architects involved in the renovation presented preliminary concepts, including three ideas for a new vestibule, colonnade or clock on the facade. But in general the building's buff brick and brown marble exterior remains unchanged.
Some officials, such as Commissioner Kathleen Chandler, would like to see more changes. Chandler is interested in making the outside of the building, "at least the facade, one we can be proud of."
She said she'd like to see the facade blend in with the Victorian buildings around it, such as Riddle Block No. 1 and Etna House.
Eric Hummel, co-owner of the Riddle Blocks, agreed. Hummel won a Raven Award from the city chamber of commerce for his restoration of downtown buildings.
"I'm delighted they have concerns about making an investment" in the looks of the building, he said. Hummel said he would like to see the courthouse reflect the Victorian detail of the previous courthouse, built in 1881 in front of the existing courthouse and torn down after the current building opened.
Hummel said he'd also like to see what local architects might design to fit in with the Ravenna scene.
The courthouse plays a central role _ literally and figuratively _ in Ravenna's street scene, Hummel said.
"It is a public building. We want it to look nice and function nicely. People want to go to the courthouse and feel good about working there," he said.
He noted the city has expended much money on the downtown Streetscape project. "And the county should contribute by doing something with the courthouse. I think it's refreshing they're concerned, and I think it's refreshing they want to do something about it. It would be great if some local people, who are very capable, can be involved in it."
He noted that modern buildings such as Ravenna's City Hall, which was renovated last year, can be refurbished to fit in with the existing city style gracefully.
"It's very impressive," he said. "It fits in nicely. Now the only thing that doesn't is the courthouse."
Chandler wants to find out if there would be community support, possibly even financial support, to do more with the outside of the courthouse than now being planned.
Commissioner Chris Smeiles said commissioners haven't decided on a final exterior plan. "The board has agreed to solicit input from downtown Ravenna interests," he said. If money were not an issue, he said, "we'd reinstate a stately courthouse that gives the county seat the appearance it deserves."
But money is an issue, Smeiles said.
"Our goal is to restore a respectful appearance for the downtown community and the county seat," Smeiles said.
Suellyn Truax, new president of the Ravenna Chamber of Commerce, said local merchants have long wished the courthouse was more in keeping with the other buildings in town.
"First impressions are important for a building," she said. "Everybody always remembers what the old courthouse looked like; they say what a shame it was (that it's gone)." So, if there's a chance to make the courthouse more distinctive, the community might be supportive, although the chamber has taken no official position on the question, she said.
As envisioned now, the second phase of renovation would include adding a vestibule with some architectural embellishments, and restoring the front as the main entry to the courthouse. All that could cost $100,000 or more, according to architect Dennis Check of Hastenstab & McCarthy.
But Keiper said he can't see spending a lot of money to change the outside of the building beyond the front entrance.
"For a million dollars you get a brown box instead of a yellow box. I don't want to be in the position of telling the public we're going to spend their money to change the color of the brick," he said.
"I don't want to tell you what to do with the front," Judge Jerry Hayes told commissioners, "but no matter what you do, you couldn't possibly make it worse."
While court officials are generally satisfied with the interior renovations, leaders of the Portage County Bar Association objected to a proposal to replace the county law library annex at the back of the courthouse with a three-story addition. The law library would be relocated to a central area on the second floor previously used by the Clerk of Courts. It's the same area that housed the law library nearly 20 years ago.
Joseph Giulitto, president of the bar association, objected that the new area would be only about three-quarters the size of the current library. And, he said, the bar association just spent thousands of dollars to renovate the library.
Commissioners proposed computerizing at least part of the law library to save needed space, but Giulitto said that raises the issue of providing staff to help lawyers do research and maintaining and updating the computers.
The second phase will involve the renovation of interior spaces not done in the first $3 million phase of the project. Phase two will involve approximately 25,000 square feet of interior space including courtrooms, offices and hallways, and an 8,200 square-foot three-story addition at the courthouse's southeast corner.
On the exterior, the front entrance will once again become the main courthouse entrance, with access for the handicapped. The front entrance was closed off several years ago because of access and security issues, and entry has been restricted to the Chestnut Street doorway. That doorway would be eliminated in the renovation.


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Superman Lois Lane Rescue Fleischer Statue
Inspired by Fleischer Studio's animated shorts of the 1940s, this Superman Lois Lane Rescue Fleischer Statue captures a tender moment between Superman and Lois Lane.
Royal Canadian Mint "Batman v Superman" Coin Collection
Own your one-of-a-kind Batman v Superman Movie Coins Memorabilia from Mint.ca! Limited mintage. Shop now!
The Big Blue Report is the Superman Homepage Newsletter sent out twice a month. It contains exclusive content not seen on the website. Subscribe now!
Bob was released 13 days later and is back home in Hawley, where he is making a super-recovery and has resumed supervising new construction projects. Says Bob, "I feel great and thank Mercy Hospital and my family - particularly my daughter Kelly - for the excellent treatment I received."
Click "Read More" for a press release on the re-launch of Bob Holiday's official website.
The official website of Bob Holiday, the first and only actor ever to portray the Man of Steel on the Broadway stage, in the 1966 musical It's a Bird, It's a Plane, It's Superman, has been re-designed with new content (which will be updated on an ongoing basis) at www.SupermanBobHoliday.com.
Bob debuted as history's third live-action Superman (after Kirk Alyn and George Reeves) on the evening of March 29, 1966 when It's a Bird, It's a Plane, It's Superman premiered at New York's Alvin Theatre. Presented (in association with Ruth Mitchell) and directed by legendary Broadway producer Hal Prince, the musical also starred theatrical greats Jack Cassidy as gossip columnist Max Mencken and Patricia Marand as Lois Lane.
It's a Bird, It's a Plane, It's Superman featured music by the team of composer Charles Strouse and lyricist Lee Adams, winners of the Tony award for their scores to Applause and Bye Bye Birdie (Strouse won an additional Tony as the composer of Annie). The script to It's a Bird, It's a Plane, It's Superman was written by Robert Benton and David Newman (who would later co-write two and three of the Christopher Reeve Superman movies, respectively).
Critics praised It's a Bird, It's a Plane, It's Superman, with The New York Times calling it "Easily the best musical this season," and adding "It would be enjoyable in any season." Other reviewers on the morning of March 30, 1966 stated: "It's a winner!" (WCBS); "Hasn't a dull moment in it. Superman soars!" (Newhouse Newspapers); "It's so damned good!" (Newsday); and "The fun musical of the year!" (WABC). The show ran for 129 performances on Broadway and played the following summer in open-air arenas in St. Louis and Kansas City, where it was seen by more than 10,000 people. Despite its short run, regional theater groups frequently revive this acclaimed musical. The LP and CD of its original score have been steady sellers for more than 40 years. "It's Superman," one of the musical's 17 showstopper tunes, was a Top-10 hit; another tune, "You've Got Possibilities," was recently used for a Pillsbury TV commercial.
Bob Holiday, who both sang and flew onstage as Superman, also starred in such shows as Fiorello!, Camelot, and Promises Promises. In 2003 he took time out from his work as a successful homebuilder in the Pocono Mountain resort town of Hawley PA to perform an array of songs and share his Superman reminiscences at the annual Superman Celebration in Metropolis IL. His visit is chronicled in the video documentary Holiday in Metropolis, produced by Chuck Harter. Bob and Chuck also co-authored Superman on Broadway, a well-illustrated book that chronicles the story of one of the most important chapters in Superman's media history.
The new www.SupermanBobHoliday.com, re-designed by life-long fan Toni Collins, includes exclusive photos of Bob at the 2003 Metropolis Superman Celebration (taken by Holiday in Metropolis director Steve McCracken) and an all-new "Broadway Memories" section. Upcoming reminiscences will include Bob's description of his appearance on NBC's Tonight Show with Johnny Carson on the evening of May 12, 1966. Bob presented Carson with a small box bearing a special gift: the Superman curl he wore on stage every night. Bob recalls singing "The Girl That I Marry" and "If Ever I Would Leave You" for an enthusiastic audience. Unfortunately, the video of this unique broadcast no longer exists.
Other rare video is, however, available for viewing on www.SupermanBobHoliday.com. This includes Bob's appearance as Superman on a 1966 episode of the CBS game show I've Got a Secret. In it, Bob flies onstage and teaches host Steve Allen how to fly as well. Look for other video surprises on www.SupermanBobHoliday.com in the coming months as well.
The new www.SupermanBobHoliday.com also welcomes content from Superman and Bob Holiday fans. In particular, we're looking for a film or video copy of Bob's 1966 Aqua Velva TV commercial in which he appears as Superman. To submit content, email Web hostess Toni Collins at email@example.com.
Back to the Latest News page.


text:
Tour the Atlanta Botanical Garden 10 photos
HGTV Gardens paid a visit to the Atlanta Botanical Garden, where we soaked in the garden's lush grounds and the atmospheric Dorothy Chapman Fuqua Conservatory.
Kalanchoe Blossfeldiana Goes Vertical
Take your garden vertical by suspending your containers with simple metal cable. This wall of Kalanchoe blossfeldiana seems to hover in space in the lobby of the Atlanta Botanical Garden's Dorothy Chapman Fuqua Conservatory.
By: Paul Cox via HGTVGardens Crew in Road Trip: The Atlanta... (Original Photo)


text:
Scholars of international migration have paid scant attention to the phenomenon of bifurcated social identity of African migrants and their efforts to reinvent or re- and deconstruct a certain image of self in their everyday life. This article aims to offer a more nuanced approach to studying the ph...
This study examines Canadian media coverage of a female visitor from the Congo, suspected of carrying a deadly disease, to show how "race" has been constructed and sustained in Canadian society. Critical discourse analysis of four major Canadian newspapers constitutes the data of the paper. Find...
This paper discusses transnational practices of Nigerian-Yoruba immigrants in Toronto. It is argued that Yoruba transnational practices stem from their 'lived experience' of exclusionary practices & their material positions in Canadian society, & their pre-existing conception of &a...


text:
- All Feedback Received
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25 Total Feedback Received By MaserGS
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Rays remain nine games back of Baltimore in the AL East
Kirby Yates gives up three run homer in the 9th
ST. PETERSBURG, Fla. (AP) - Salvador Perez hit a go-ahead, three-run homer in the ninth inning and the Kansas City Royals beat the Tampa Bay Rays 5-4 on Wednesday night.
Kirby Yates (0-1), the fifth Tampa Bay reliever after starter Alex Cobb left the game in the 7th, entered with runners on first and third with one out and gave up Perez's towering shot into the left-field corner.
It's been a big week for Perez, chosen Sunday to start at catcher for the American League in next week's All-Star game.
Aaron Crow (4-1) pitched a scoreless eighth for the win. Greg Holland got three outs for his 24th save.
The second-place Royals return home Thursday night to begin a four-game series against AL Central-leading Detroit.
Rays have Thursday off before opening a three game home series against the Toronto Blue Jays on Friday night.


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Wondering what the next generation of filmmakers thinks of the SBIFF? Do you want to see the films through their eyes? Interested in what they would ask the stars and award winners? Wondering what films they recommend?
Welcome to the Santa Barbara Middle School TEEN PRESS site. Eight young, Icee slurping, pop corn popping film critics will be at this year's Santa Barbara International Film Festival, full press credentials around our necks, mixing it up with the big boys and girls, giving you a view of the festival only we can provide. Having been moved by the movies in our classes at school, eight of us have been given free — well, almost free — reign of the festival. Weekdays and weekends . . . mornings, afternoons and nights, we'll be on the edge of the red carpet, up front at the panels, and front and center trying to take notes during the show. Our teachers won't let us go to bed until we post our daily blogs, so check us out every day.
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Virginia Birding and Wildlife Trail
Site Information
- Site Contact: (540) 396-3495
- Site Access: Free By appointment only
Report Bird Observations [New]
Site MLI06: Gobblers Nob Christmas Tree Plantation
Elevation: 1935 ft. Yes, this is a site where year-round, it's "beginning to look a lot like Christmas!" Surrounding the plantation of 15,000-20,000 Christmas trees, however, are 268 acres of upland hardwood forests, several beaver ponds, and streamside habitat. Elevation ranges from 1900 feet to over 2300 feet. In the beaver ponds, look for nesting wood duck or green heron. The woodland forests hold treasures such as nesting scarlet tanager, American redstart, wood thrush, and hooded warbler. Resident species include pileated woodpecker and red-shouldered hawk. Salamanders such as red-backed and northern slimy salamanders can be found under logs around the creek. Red eft can be found lurking along the moist woodland floors. Ponds attract aquatic insects such as common green darner, blue dasher, widow skimmer, and eastern pondhawk. Butterflies dance around blooming wildflowers; look for pipevine and eastern tiger swallowtail, monarch, and red-spotted purple. This site also contains a large population of wild turkey and a modest population of ruffed grouse. White-tailed deer are numerous and easily seen, while black bear, red fox, and bobcat are more elusive.
From the Highland Wildlife Management Area-Jack Mountain Access, return to Rt. 615; turn right and follow it east 1.8 miles to Rt. 678. Turn right on Rt. 678; Gobblers Nob will be on the right after 1.9 miles.


text:
The Pyrenees are undoubtedly the hottest (or make that coolest) spot to hit the slopes in Spain. Straddling the French border, they are a high-altitude playground for posh-types and committed ski enthusiasts. Even better: the nearest resort is only about a three-hour drive from Barcelona. And there are loads of resorts to choose from, too, spanning two of Spain's border regions — Catalonia and Aragon — and even the tiny country of Andorra.
Editor's Note: This recommendation was taken from our Spain Things to Do blog. Visit the original post to continue reading the full post and to learn more about things to do in Spain.


text:
You're probably asking.. How is this possible?
Guild Perk at Level 24
This perk is obtainable once your guild reaches level 24. Most guilds are 17-18 right now ( well ones that hit the XP cap everyday ) so you should be getting this perk fairly soon. It reduces the cost of vendor items by 10%, saving your a grand total of 1.25k off the chopper parts.
Goblin Perk
This is by far the best method to use when crafting Choppers. Goblins receive a 20% discount from any faction regardless of reputation. Using this will save you 2.5k. This is mostly available to people who play horde side, but people who are alliance based can ask people in trade chat to go out and buy the parts ( make sure their guild is level 23 once it's available ), say you're tipping them 500-1,000g for their troubles and I'm sure you'd be able to find someone that is willing to do it.
Why craft choppers at all?
Wrath materials are now starting to ( or already have ) inflated. I've seen choppers sell for as much as 15-16k, and trust me; they sell. If you're able to craft a chopper for 30% less, you're going to be saving all that gold instead of giving it to a vendor. With a 30% discount you can craft choppers for as cheap as 8.75k. You can craft a chopper for a grand total for ~9.2k and then sell it for 14-15k and make 6k+ per chopper you craft.
I've personally made roughly 6 choppers this cheap and I sold them all within 24 hours of them being crafted. I gained a total profit of 32,000g. I spent a grand total of 55k and sold them all for 87k ( 14.5k Each ). It's great gold if you ask me.
Will you be crafting any choppers soon?


text:
With the shift in realism in modern games, many have focused on graphics rather than gameplay or storyline. This can change how the payer interacts with the game, whether it be directly, or through an avatar(the complexity of either process also increasing as time went on). As games survived the crash in 1984, developers began to look at how to make their game different enough to be interesting, ending the long procession of breakout and tetris clones. The type of gameplay now classifies a game, and although graphics are still a major selling point, it isn't enough for some. Just because it looks good, doesn't mean I'll ever get a Tiger Woods golf game.
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There are 27 of Guangzhou Hotels near the Guangzhou Railway Station. Choose from the list below or just send us an email to firstname.lastname@example.com and get a quick reply within 2-12 hours.
Location: Huan Shi Road East(1.34KM)
Location: Tianhe Sports Center(3.15KM), Huan Shi Road East
Lastest Review:"This hotel is convenient near the Guangzhou East Railway Station. Stuff at reception desk are helpful. "
Location: Huan Shi Road East(913M)
Location: Guangzhou Railway Station(695M), Liuhua Complex
Location: Guangzhou Baiyun Airport(224M)
Location: Guangzhou Railway Station(2.04KM), Liuhua Complex(2.66KM), Huan Shi Road East(2.66KM)
Location: Guangzhou Railway Station(1.92KM), Liuhua Complex(69M), Huan Shi Road East(69M)
Location: Guangzhou East Railway Station(4.05KM), Liuhua Complex, Huan Shi Road East