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Permanent URL to this publication: http://dx.doi.org/10.5167/uzh-41070
Braun, N; Alscher, D M; Fritz, P; Edenhofer, I; Kimmel, M; Gaspert, A; Reimold, F; Bode-Lesniewska, B; Ziegler, U; Biegger, D; Wüthrich, R P; Segerer, S (2011). Podoplanin-positive cells are a hallmark of encapsulating peritoneal sclerosis. Nephrology, Dialysis, Transplantation, 26(3):1033-1041.
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BACKGROUND: Encapsulating peritoneal sclerosis (EPS) and simple peritoneal sclerosis are important complications of long-term peritoneal dialysis (PD). Podoplanin is expressed by mesothelial cells and lymphatic vessels, which are involved in inflammatory reactions in the peritoneal cavity. METHODS: We studied 69 peritoneal biopsies from patients on PD (n = 16), patients with EPS (n = 18) and control biopsies taken at the time of hernia repair (n = 15) or appendectomy (n = 20). Immunohistochemistry was performed to localize podoplanin. Additionally, markers of endothelial cells, mesothelial cells, myofibroblasts (smooth muscle actin), proliferating cells, and double labelling for smooth muscle actin/podoplanin were used on selected biopsies. RESULTS: Podoplanin was present on the endothelium of lymphatic vessels in the submesothelial fibrous tissue and on mesothelial cells. In patients on PD and in biopsies with appendicitis, the mesothelial cells demonstrated a cuboidal appearance and circumferential podoplanin staining, with gaps between the cells. The number of lymphatic vessels was variable, but prominent at sites of fibrosis. In patients with EPS, a diffuse infiltration of podoplanin-positive cells with a fibroblastic appearance was present in 15 out of 18 biopsies. This pattern was focally present in 3 out of 16 on PD and none in the 35 controls. The podoplanin-positive cells did not express the endothelial marker or the mesothelial marker (calretinin). CONCLUSIONS: EPS is characterized by a population of podoplanin and smooth muscle actin double-positive cells. Podoplanin might be a suitable morphological marker supporting the diagnosis and might be involved in the pathogenesis of EPS.
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04 Faculty of Medicine > University Hospital Zurich > Clinic for Nephrology
04 Faculty of Medicine > University Hospital Zurich > Institute of Surgical Pathology
|Dewey Decimal Classification:
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Bread Bowls
January 19, 2013 in Cassie, Side Dish, Vegetarian, Winter Eats, Yeast dough
It's a hockey night in Pittsburgh, (well, afternoon,) and one of our staples on weekend game days is chicken chili with bread bowls.
Since we haven't had hockey since last season, I haven't made this in a long time.
I love chili in bread bowls. There's really no other way of doing it.
And this, my friends, is the easiest bread bowl recipe ever.
Two of my three kids are sick, the one that isn't is potty training and my husband is also sick. Today I've made these bread bowls, chili, peanut butter protein bars and shortbread peanut butter chocolate chip cookies. I needed to find sanity somewhere.
So there will be an obscene amount of recipes coming soon.
You've been warned.
Let's start simple, shall we?
recipe adapted from Mel's Kitchen Cafe
1 1/2 tablespoons active dry yeast
2 1/2 cups warm water
2 teaspoons salt
2 tablespoons olive oil
6 cups all-purpose flour
1 tablespoon cornmeal (optional)
In the bowl of a stand mixer, combine the yeast and the water together. Let sit for 10 minutes until it's frothy.
Add the salt, olive oil and 4 cups flour and mix until well combined.
Switch out to using a dough hook, and add in a 1/2 cup of flour at a time. The goal is to have a solid dough, not overly sticky because you want the dough to rise upward not outward. I used 6 cups of flour, though the original recipe does say you may need a full 7 cups. Let the dough hook knead the dough for 5-6 minutes.
Place into a lightly oiled bowl and cover with a towel in a warm place to rise for about an hour, or until doubled in size.
Punch down the dough and roll the dough into 8 round balls. Optional to sprinkle the bottom of the cookie dough with cornmeal here. Slash the top of the dough balls with a serrated knife and cover again to rise for about 30-45 minutes.
Preheat oven to 400, bake for 15-18 minutes, until light brown and baked through.

subset: commoncrawl


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ParentDish meets The China Study
Now, if you're a parent or aspiring to be one, I suggest you give ParentDish a look. It's a great blog. In this post Kristin Darguzas talks about her recent discovery of The China Study. Here's a blurb:
I read the China Study. It's not written by an animal rights activist, nor by anyone who could be called insane by any stretch of the imagination. It's written by an extremely intelligent and respected nutritionist and researcher who presents his studies in a logical, methodical, terrifying way. And as I read the last page, I realized, oh no. I don't think I can eat dairy anymore. For me, this book is one of those soul-altering books that has changed the way I see the world, permanently.For more on The China Study, check out this interview with T. Colin Campbell over at Raw Vegan Radio. Here are a couple great quotes:
Among some of the startling ideas in the book include the suggestion that the Dairy Industry's marketing board has been "educating" children with completely false information on the healthiness of cow's milk for decades, that animal meat causes cancer, that the knowledge (ie. a plant-based diet) is there to prevent heart disease but it's routinely ignored because...well, there is money to be made.
Dr. T. Colin Campbell suggests that he has the answers to America's obesity problem. I tend to believe him. My Dad says it's total hoey, there's a new fad every day... he'd also refuse to read it. My Mom just read it and says she won't be eating meat again. )
"We've had inklings and pretty good evidence to show, for example, that consuming vegetables and fruits and grains could help to prevent heart disease. And then it came about that also in the more recent years it was shown also to be associated with prevention of cancer as well."I love how the phrase "silly Atkins nonsense" just rolls off the tongue, but seriously, if you're unfamiliar with The China Study, check it out. From The China Study website:
"It turns out that plant-based diets not only help to prevent these major diseases, these chronic degenerative diseases like cancer and heart disease, but also consuming that kind of diet, low in fat, low in salt, low in sugar, consuming that kind of diet also can be used to keep under control diabetes, and it can be used to control obesity to a great extent if its done right. Certainly a lot safer way to keep bodyweight down than the really rather silly Atkins nonsense that crept into our vernacular over the last few years."
If you're looking to enhance your health, performance and your success read The China Study immediately. Finally, scientifically valid guidance on how much protein we need and where we should get it. The impact of these findings is enormous.Hey! We know that Joel Fuhrman guy.
Joel Fuhrman, M.D., Author of the bestselling book, Eat To Live


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WELLINGTON — The battery provided the juice Wellington's baseball team needed Thursday.
Right-hander Erik Fehlan struck out 10 in a two-hitter and catcher Brock Waltz scored the first run and drove in the other as the Dukes downed Patriot Athletic Conference Stars Division leader Buckeye 2-0.
"To beat a team like this, it's a huge confidence-booster," Fehlan said. "We came out, we fought and we made plays.
"I give all the credit to my defense for making some tough plays. They did an amazing job."
The hard-throwing Fehlan (3-2) took a no-hitter into the fourth before ultimately allowing two opposite-field singles to Gannon recruit Scott Cloudy. Otherwise, he was dominant until the Bucks (13-6, 9-1), who kept sole possession of first place in the division when Firelands beat Keystone 5-3, made their last stand in the sixth.
Buckeye's Robbie Nonamaker reached on a one-out error and Cloudy followed with a single. They moved up on a passed ball, but Fehlan struck out Tiffin commit Joe Bruening and nabbed Tyler Sovizral on a curveball that painted the outside corner.
The Bucks got another runner in the seventh. Fehlan rose to the challenge again and fanned Jeff Susalla and Alex Green to shut out an offense that entered play averaging 7.0 runs per game.
"I don't know if (Fehlan) can get any more dialed in," Waltz said. "His curveball was drillin', his fastball was coming out 86 (mph) and he was throwing harder today than he usually does."
Waltz provided the scoring in the second, when he walked against Kyle Friel (4-2) and moved to second on a wild pitch. Scott Palider moved Waltz to third on a groundout, and Waltz scored on a passed ball.
Waltz then gave the Dukes (7-7, 5-4) much-needed insurance in the sixth by driving in Fehlan, who had singled, on a groundout to short.
It was a good feeling of revenge after Buckeye won the first meeting 4-0 on April 15. Friel tossed a two-hitter to outduel Fehlan in that one, but wasn't nearly as effective Thursday before being pulled in the fourth.
"When you hustle around the bases, it shows you don't need hits," Waltz said. "In the dugout, it makes for a complete change in confidence (when you score). Everybody is on the fence and everybody is cheering everybody else on."
The Bucks were playing their fourth game in consecutive days, and it showed. They had enough chances to steal victory from the jaws of defeat, but struck out in all five at-bats with runners in scoring position.
The pitching combination of Friel, Nick Duliba and Nick Sedlon also was effective enough to win, as both runs were unearned.
"We didn't have the intensity we had in previous games," Cloudy said. "Then also, they executed and we didn't with runners in scoring position. We didn't put the ball in play, and you'll have days like that. We just have to refocus."
Contact Albert Grindle at (330) 721-4043 or firstname.lastname@example.com.


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2009: Did not compete during the 2009 cross country season.
High School: Magnuson was a four year letterwinner in cross country at Gonzaga Prep (Spokane, Wash.)...Named cross country team co-captain as a senior...Named to the all-league second team as a senior...Also earned four letters in soccer.
Personal: Magnuson was born in Tacoma, Wash. on June, 25, 1991...Is the son of Scott and Michele Magnuson...Plans to major in physics.


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No buses meant less congestion A recent letter by Brian Revel suggesting drivers should be happy to pay extra for transit because it will take cars off the road is an out-and-out fabrication. As a semi-trailer driver of 35 years … Continue reading
flu shots RSS
Letters: Party buses, Geoff Meggs, flu shots, traffic woes, Syria, B.C. jobs
Where are the parents? Re: Party buses. Is there no common sense here? Where are the young parents of these children? Parents, you are responsible for your children. We do not need the government in this one. Why are … Continue reading
Letters: Nurses, flu shots, Robson Street, Israel, Trevor Linden, B.C. Ferries, port, morality
Yvonne Huang, a student from the faculty of pharmacuetical sciences, gives a shot to lecturer Kathy Seto during a flu clinic for staff and students at UBC on Oct. 30. (Jenelle Schneider/PNG FILES)
Nurses didn't stop flu shots The B.C. Nurses Union might have announced that the province reversed its flu-shot policy for health-care workers but I am here to tell you and your readers that the nurses had little, if nothing, to … Continue reading
Letters: Hurricane, technology, road pricing, capital punishment, MLAs, Sunshine Coast, Barbra Streisand, flu shots
Storm shows frailty of technology The devastation wrought by Hurricane Sandy and the horrendous challenges facing first responders and rescue personnel should serve as a reminder to all technophiles, digital mavens, and those who believe our technologies can solve any … Continue reading
Letters: Pit bull ban, Robson Square, alliteration, Liberal resignations, flu shots, Perry Kendall
Breed bans don't work It is not time to ban any breed in BC. Breed bans do not work. They waste tax dollars. They target innocent people and result in the deaths of innocent family pets. Don't copy Ontario. Seven … Continue reading
Letters: Flu shots, nurses' union, political corruption, Robson Street, Vision Vancouver, BCGEU strike, Port Mann tolls
B.C. Nurses' Union head Debra McPherson says it's "mean" to suggest health workers should have to have flu shots, as recommended by B.C.'s medical health officer Dr. Perry Kendall.
Imposed flu shots are wrong Do you seriously believe that the representatives of the B.C. Nurses' Union and the Hospital Employees' Union are nefarious monsters looking to reek havoc on compromised patients? In opposing vaccinations, they are upholding the … Continue reading
Editorial: Unions misguided in fighting flu shots
The B.C. Nurses' Union and the Hospital Employees' Union are opposed to new mandatory flu shots for B.C. health-care workers. (PNG FILES)
Boy, things must be running perfectly in B.C.'s medical system, given the issue that's dominating the agendas of a couple of health-care unions. Both the B.C. Nurses' Union and the Hospital Employees Union are fighting a new policy that will … Continue reading


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Written By: - Date published: 11:38 am, April 9th, 2015 - 15 comments
On the one hand the government are pushing for more and more NCEA passes to feed the league tables, and on the other they are acknowledging that those passes are no longer enough to suggest success at Tertiary level and tightening criteria to exclude students. Mixed messages, perverse incentives, a giant shambles.
Written By: - Date published: 7:20 am, September 10th, 2012 - 86 comments
Shearer has set out some bold new ideas for education. Key is clinging to failed national standards. Shearer's views are well supported by the successful Finnish model, while Key's are condemned by failures in the UK and USA. Does the evidence matter?
Written By: - Date published: 6:17 am, June 2nd, 2011 - 54 comments
John Key prefers his gut to real evidence, and it means that the policies he is implementing aren't the ones that are best for our country.
Also: Steven Joyce & the Rail Loop.
Written By: - Date published: 1:05 pm, April 11th, 2011 - 63 comments
From the Dunedin Study, to The Spirit Level, to the IPCC – there is a lot of evidence out there that our government should be basing their policy on. Let's champion that aim.


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Used Cell Phone Dealers Deals from $14.95 to $164.99
Cellular Country offers the lowest prices among used cell phone dealers. You can find different brands and models for less than $40 per item. The store also offers discounted accessories on selected products. Hurry and shop now to avail of the discounts!
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A fascinating collection of German harpsichord music from one of the instruments finest exponents, Sophie Yates.
The German composer Johann Jacob Froberger is the central figure in this collection and he was probably the most significant influence in the development of a distinctive, German style of writing for keyboard instruments. He wrote some twenty-five toccatas of which the two on this album are of very different character; the earlier one is very contrapuntal in style and makes use of a chromatic theme, whilst the other is written in a feer, more improvisatory style, and is harmonically very daring. Sophie Yates writes in her sleeve notes that she wished to include some of the darker more sensual suites, of which the C minor Suite is one of the most striking. Froberger is a colourful composer, and these varied suites, consisting of the usual dance numbers of the day, are most enjoyable.
Johann Kaspar Kerll was similarly an innovator and is represented on this album by an impressive Passacaglia which places great demands on the player, Johann Pachelbel is probably most famous as a composer of sacred works and, of course, the ubiquitous Canon in D. Of his instrumental music, the Hexachordum Apollinis is his most well-known work, which comprises a set of six arias with variations, of which the last one is recorded here. George Böhm is best remembered for his influence on other composers, particularly J S BAch. The Suite on this album is a good example of Böhm's style, which mixes both French and Italian influences. George Muffat's Passacaglia dates from 1690 and embodies both French and Italian styles, although the freedom and inventiveness with which he treats his material is distinctly Italianate.
"...this is a disc well-worth having for rare music played by an exceptionally competent performer..."
Gramophone Awards Issue - 1998
"...Yates focuses on what she terms the darker and more sensual suites. Froberger does not wear his heart on his sleeve, and his subtle inflexions demand attentive listening. But Yates is a persuasive advocate, her interpretations thoughtful and deeply felt."
Classic FM - September 1998
"...A good recording... with very enjoyable playing."
Martin Perkins - Harpsichord & Fortepiano - Winter 1998


text: Meta Battle Subway PokeBase - Pokemon Q&A Login Register All Activity Questions Unanswered Tags Users Ask a Question Rules Chat Recent questions tagged cyrus 0 votes 2 answers 154 views Does Cyrus stay in the distoration world when you last defeat him? asked Apr 22, 2012 by Danny cyrus To see more, click for the full list of questions or popular tags. Useful Meta Posts How to change your username How to add a user avatar Why was my post hidden? The points system Question etiquette Flags vs Downvotes Anime FAQ


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You may have reached this page due to new security upgrades that have been implemented regarding multiple user logins. For security reasons, only one user is able to be signed in to an account per session. If multiple users at a single site need online access, please contact email@example.com for firm access reduced pricing. If, however, you believe your login information has been compromised, please call customer service at 1-800-451-9998 to determine how to reset your password. Already a paid subscriber but not registered for online access yet? For instructions on how to get premium web access, click here.
Despite delay, clock is ticking for health care employment mandate
Businesses got a temporary reprieve in July when the Obama administration announced a yearlong delay in the enforcement of the federal requirement that employers provide health care coverage to workers or pay a fine. But even though the Affordable Care Act's "shared responsibility" employer mandate — also known as the "pay or play" provision — won't go into effect until January 2015, compliance will require businesses managers to make a host of complex decisions that will take a considerable amount of time. And the clock is already ticking.


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Home > LEAGUE SERVICES > Indepth > October 2012 > Educational Opportunities
Educational Opportunities
Have the employees taking loan applications at your credit union become just like robots, simply filling in the required fields of mindless loan origination software? Do your lenders know how to use the time they spend with a member during the loan interview to build lasting relationships, sell other loan products and build performing loans? The Loan Interviewing & Sales Skills telecourse on October 15 (Session Code: 653) will teach your staff:
"I am sorry. We have no choice. We have to terminate your employment, effective immediately." Few like to speak those words; even fewer like to hear them. Termination is the single event which triggers lawsuits. When terminated, employees don't believe their conduct is the reason for termination. Instead, they believe it is their sex or national origin, for example, which is the reason they were fired. Although employers cannot prevent employees from filing lawsuits, they can ensure a defensible case if discipline is administered in an evenhanded manner. The purpose of the Documenting & Disciplining Employees QuickBites on October 17 (Session Code: 654) will be to provide practical tips on how to implement discipline and document employment decisions. Seminar participants will receive disciplinary policies and forms.
Advanced collections is about managing expectations and getting results. Being the manager of the collections function is not just about dialing for dollars and repossessing collateral anymore. The collections area is at the cross roads of member service, and back office operations and the manager need to be aware of all the risks and opportunities that present themselves. Is your collections department ready to help both the customer and the institution weather the storm? From dealing with staff, to delinquent members, to attorneys, to senior management, the collections manager's job is getting more difficult all the time. Collections is about more than the institution's delinquency ratio, so take this time to get prepared! Now is NOT the time to maintain the status quo in the collections department. Join us for the Advanced Collections webinar on October 18 (Session Code: 655) to learn more.
When consumers are deciding what companies to use, they increasingly do their research online. Online reviews can positively or negatively influence whether consumers come to your credit union. Whether you have an online presence or not, members will talk about your credit union. Do you know what is being said about you? Is your credit union taking advantage of free and inexpensive resources to reach new and current members online? The Current Internet Marketing Vehicles QuickBites on October 23 (Session Code: 656) will help you effectively use online resources to help promote your credit union. We will be discussing how to:
Technology has improved a collector's ability to track down delinquent account owners and seeking payment. Skip tracing and collections have taken on a new dynamic with the use of the Internet and social media tools and habits. At the Cyber Tracking & Collections Techniques QuickBites on October 25 (Session Code: 657), learn what sites are "hot" and which are "not" to help you with your collection efforts.
It can be challenging to keep up with current legislation and regulatory changes that affect compliance issues at your credit union, but the bi-annual Reg Update II webinar (Session Code: 658) on October 30, 2012 will be an ideal way to "check-in" on timely topics and have your questions answered. Actual topics will be shared as the event date approaches
All credit unions face situations where only they have an opportunity to witness suspected exploitation. Participate in this QuickBite to learn the common indicators and the actions you can take.
Play it again! The audio archive of all QuickBites and telecourses for 2012 has been increased to 60 days with paid registrations for most sessions. Whether you were unavailable for the scheduled date and time of a particular call or just want to hear the session again, you will have 24/7 access for the entire 60 days after the scheduled session. This feature enhances the value of audio training and is included for no additional charge. The audio archive link will be activated within 48 hours of the live event.
For a complete calendar of all Educational offerings, please click here.
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Report: Reggie Wayne re-signs with Indianapolis Colts; Peyton Manning effect?
Reggie Wayne has come to terms with the Indianapolis Colts on a three-year contract, according to ESPN.com.
So much for reuniting with former Colts teammate Peyton Manning with the Miami Dolphins, or any other team.
Just last week, Wayne was begging for the Dolphins to offer him a deal to help lure Manning to Miami.
"My phone is working," Wayne said last week on WQAM. "It's definitely working. I got all my bars. Whenever that phone rings, trust me, I'll answer."
Turns out that call came from area code 317, not 305 or 954 or any other South Florida exchange.
Not only is Wayne not coming, but the Dolphins dealt Brandon Marshall to the Chicago Bears just before free agency began Tuesday afternoon.
So how does the sudden deficit of big-time wide receivers impact Manning's decision to come to the Dolphins?
The Arizona Cardinals can offer Manning wide receiver Larry Fitzgerald as a big-time target. The Tennessee Titans have Nate Washington. And the Denver Broncos have some of the most cap space – roughly $43 million – to place weapons around the NFL's only four-time MVP.
What can the Dolphins do for Manning?
Free agency enters its second day of action Wednesday.
Twitter | @IzzyGould
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Facebook | facebook.com/dolphinsbeat
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International Journal of Distributed Sensor Networks
Volume 2014 (2014), Article ID 672921, 11 pages
Lightweight Data Compression in Wireless Sensor Networks Using Huffman Coding
1Purdue University, 465 Northwestern Avenue, West Lafayette, IN 47907-2035, USA
2Federal Institute of Education, Science and Technology of Amazonas (IFAM), Campus Manaus Industrial District, Avenida Danilo Areosa, 1672, 69075-351 Manaus, AM, Brazil
3Federal University of Technology-Paraná (UTFPR), Avenida Sete de Setembro, 3165, 80230-901 Curitiba, PR, Brazil
4Pontifical Catholic University-Paraná (PUC-PR), R. Imaculada Conceição, 1155, 80215-901 Curitiba, PR, Brazil
Received 5 August 2013; Revised 22 November 2013; Accepted 10 December 2013; Published 23 January 2014
Academic Editor: Wan-Young Chung
Copyright © 2014 Henry Ponti Medeiros et al. This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
This paper presents a lightweight data compression method for wireless sensor networks monitoring environmental parameters with low resolution sensors. Instead of attempting to devise novel ad hoc algorithms, we show that, given general knowledge of the parameters that must be monitored, it is possible to efficiently employ conventional Huffman coding to represent the same parameter when measured at different locations and time periods. When the data collected by the sensor nodes consists of integer measurements, the Huffman dictionary computed using statistics inferred from public datasets often approaches the entropy of the data. Results using temperature and relative humidity measurements show that even when the proposed method does not approach the theoretical limit, it outperforms popular compression mechanisms designed specifically for wireless sensor networks.
1. Introduction
One of the greatest challenges to the construction of large scale wireless sensor networks (WSNs) with practical applicability is the development of mechanisms that allow the network to operate for prolonged periods of time relying solely on the limited amounts of energy that can be stored in or harvested by wireless sensor nodes. Since data communication is generally the main factor responsible for draining the energy reserves of the network, techniques to reduce the amount of information transmitted by the sensor nodes are of great interest. One effective approach to reduce data communication in the network is to compress the information locally before it is transmitted.
Although data compression is a well-established research area, despite the extraordinary advances in the computational capability of embedded devices, most existing algorithms still cannot be directly ported to wireless sensor nodes because of the limited hardware resources available, particularly program and data memory [1]. Even though many of the time-honored compression algorithms could be executed in modern wireless sensor nodes, they would leave few resources available for the nodes to carry out other tasks such as sensing and communication. More importantly, these nodes would have significantly fewer opportunities to enter deep sleep modes and attain the energy efficiency that motivated the use of a compression algorithm in the first place. Therefore, a number of data compression methods specifically designed for WSNs have been proposed in the past few years [2–11]. What many of these methods have in common is the fact that they make use of the correlation of the data acquired by the sensor nodes in order to achieve high compression ratios while employing computationally inexpensive algorithms.
However, WSNs are generally deployed with the purpose of monitoring a particular phenomenon of interest [12]. Therefore, we show that, if the statistics of this phenomenon are known beforehand from general datasets, and if the data collected by the sensor nodes presents relatively low resolution, by employing simple Huffman encoding, it is possible to achieve compression ratios higher than those obtained by state-of-the-art algorithms such as those presented in [2–4]. More specifically, we show that by constructing a fixed Huffman dictionary to encode the differences between two consecutive samples from a large general dataset, the compression ratio obtained on test datasets of the same phenomenon at different locations and periods is very close to what would be achieved if a specific dictionary was constructed for each test dataset.
The rest of this paper is organized as follows. In Section 2, we briefly explain some of the recent contributions on data compression for WSNs. We then describe the proposed lightweight compression method in Section 3. In Section 4, we show the results obtained with our approach and compare them with those obtained when employing the methods in [2–4]. Finally, Section 5 concludes the paper.
2. Related Work
In the literature on compression methods for WSNs both lossy and lossless approaches that exploit the high temporal correlation of the sensor node data can be found. One of the first lossy methods for data compression in WSN, lightweight temporal compression (LTC) [5], approximates the data collected by each sensor node in a WSN by a set of lines. In [6] a variation of the run length encoding (RLE) method for data compression in WSN known as K-RLE approximates a string of measurements with values in the range as the pair , where defines the precision of the method.
Although lossy compression methods can generally achieve high compression ratios at the expense of moderate accuracy losses, in many WSN applications it may not be clear before data collection how much information can be disregarded without compromising the overall purpose of the system. Event-based communication approaches attempt to resolve this problem by limiting the transmission of sensor data to responses to user queries [13]. However, in many cases, the user may not be able to formulate queries without observing the raw sensor data beforehand. As a consequence, a number of lossless compression methods for WSNs have been proposed. S-LZW [7] is an adaptation of the celebrated Lempel-Ziv-Welch (LZW) algorithm [14] for resource-constrained wireless sensor nodes. Alternatively, in [8] sensor measurements are coded using adaptive Huffman [15], but in order to save memory the number of symbols present in the Huffman tree is limited to the measurements that happen most frequently. In an interesting attempt to facilitate the application of data compression algorithms in real WSN deployments, a middleware layer is proposed in [9] in which only the dissimilarity between the packet to be transmitted and a previously transmitted reference (or index) packet is compressed using variable length coding.
While a number of additional works on data compression for WSNs such as [10, 11] attempt to employ distributed source coding techniques [19] to exploit the spatial correlation in the data acquired by the sensor nodes, we are particularly interested in methods that do not make any assumptions about the spatial structure of the WSN. Furthermore, in the context of data aggregation, that is, when nodes along routing paths collaborate to reduce the dimensionality of the data collected by multiple nodes, one recent and extremely promising technique is compressed sensing [20]. In this work, however, we consider approaches that attempt to achieve efficient lossless data compression by leveraging solely on the temporal correlation of the data collected by each sensor node and performing all the computations locally, without relying on information from other nodes. Two of the most recent and effective approaches in this category are Marcelloni and Vecchio's lossless entropy compression (LEC) [2, 3] and Kiely et al.'s adaptive linear filtering compression (ALFC) [4].
LEC computes the differences of consecutive sensor measurements and divides them into groups whose sizes increase exponentially. Each group corresponds to the number of bits required to represent the measurement differences. These groups are then entropy coded using a fixed compression table based on the baseline JPEG algorithm to compress the DC coefficients of an image. The compressed symbols are formed by concatenating the group number and the index of the element within the group. The authors reported high compression ratios for actual environmental data collected by WSNs.
In ALFC, an adaptive linear filter is used to predict the future samples of the dataset and the prediction errors are compressed using an entropy encoder. In order to account for the limited computational capabilities of wireless sensor nodes, the method employs a quantization mechanism. Adaptive prediction avoids the requirement of defining the filtering coefficients a priori while still allowing the system to adjust to dynamic changes in the source. The authors showed that ALFC achieves higher compression ratios than previous methods while requiring significantly fewer hardware resources.
Although essentially all of the methods described above rely on the temporal correlation of the data collected by WSNs to achieve high compression ratios, they do not take into consideration the fact that the statistics of the phenomena to be monitored by a particular WSN are usually relatively easy to estimate before the deployment of the sensors. Furthermore, the state-of-the-art algorithms perform well when the resolution of the data collected by the sensor nodes is very high, but when the data resolution is limited to integer measurements they suffer significant performance penalties. In this work, we leverage on these facts to achieve even higher compression ratios while resorting only to traditional entropy-based compression methods with extremely modest computational requirements.
3. Lightweight Compression of Environmental Data
In this section, we define the problem of data compression in WSNs and present a simple compression approach, which takes into consideration the characteristics of the measurements acquired by the sensor nodes so that algorithmic complexity can be reduced without sacrificing compression ratios.
3.1. Problem Definition
We consider a sensor node monitoring environmental data. Let the data acquired by the sensor at time instant be represented, after analog to digital conversion, by , where . The set is said to be the source alphabet. A particular source encoder represents each symbol with an bits long codeword, so that the average number of bits used to represent each source symbol is given by , where is the probability that . When a source encoder is absent, it is typical to represent all source symbols with codewords of equal length, so that the symbol length is bits/symbol. Moreover, the theoretical limit for the minimum number of bits/symbol for a discrete source is the source entropy [21]: where is the information measure of source symbol .
The efficiency of a compression algorithm can be measured by comparing the average symbol length after compression to the source entropy. For instance, consider the case of a set of integer temperature measurements denoted as Set 1 in Table 1. As the measured integer temperature values range between −16∘C and +37∘C, without compression we have to use bits/symbol in order to represent the 54 different source symbols in that alphabet. The source entropy in this case is bits/symbol, which can be approached by simple Huffman coding. Indeed, after designing the Huffman code for this particular source, only bits/symbol are required after compression. However, because the probability distribution of the temperature values is somewhat uniform, the reduction in the average symbol length is only 0.69 bits or .
One can do much better by considering the differences of consecutive temperature measurements, so that the data to be transmitted is . For instance, in the case of Set 1 the entropy of the difference of consecutive temperature measurements is only bits/symbol, which is a reduction of with respect to the entropy of the temperatures in Set 1. Such a reduction is due to the strong correlation between consecutive temperature samples, making the probability distribution of the differences strongly nonuniform. Thus, it is much more promising to consider the compression of the differences of consecutive temperatures than the compression of the temperatures themselves. Such a fact has been exploited in [2], where the authors compress the differences by using a scheme similar to the JPEG compression of the DC coefficients of a digital image.
By applying the method in [2] to the temperatures in Set 1 we obtain bits/symbol, a remarkable reduction of with respect to the original 6 bits/symbol required by Set 1, but still more than the theoretical limit given by the entropy of the difference of the temperatures ( bits/symbol). The theoretical limit can be approached by Huffman coding, yielding bits/symbol, a reduction of with respect to the original 6 bits/symbol. Nevertheless, note that the scheme proposed in [2] uses a fixed dictionary, which can be applied to any source. An entropy coding technique such as Huffman coding has to be matched to the source distribution in order to achieve optimal performance [21]. Hence, there is a causality issue, as the exact distribution may not be known a priori. Moreover, the Huffman alphabet designed for a given source may perform poorly if used to compress another source with a different distribution. In order to circumvent these problems one can make use of an adaptive (or dynamic) Huffman coding technique [15]. Although in this kind of scenario in which there is little variation of symbol probability, adaptive Huffman would tend to perform well; the main drawback of this approach is that it requires maintaining one dictionary for each connection between a pair of neighboring nodes [8]. Given the severe memory constraints of wireless sensor nodes, this method is utterly impractical.
3.2. Proposed Scheme
Our objective is to devise a simple compression method which approaches the performance of optimal entropy coding while relying on a fixed dictionary. After comparing the probability distribution of the temperatures and of the differences of consecutive temperatures for many datasets of measurements carried out at different locations, we noticed that the distributions of the differences are quite similar for all datasets, even though the distributions of the temperature values vary significantly. This can be observed in Figure 1, which shows the probability distribution of the differences between consecutive measurements for each of the datasets in Table 1. As the figure shows, all the distributions are approximately Laplacian with zero mean [22]. Since the temperature differences only assume integer values, the distributions are actually discrete and the continuous approximations are shown simply to facilitate the visualization. More importantly, note that for all datasets, if we list the differences from the most likely to the least likely, the result is . Hence, in principle, it should be possible to use a fixed Huffman alphabet to compress different measurement sets if we consider the difference of the temperatures, as all sets have very similar behavior and the optimal Huffman alphabet for each set tends to be similar.
Thus, in this paper we propose to construct a fixed alphabet obtained by the application of the Huffman algorithm to a large dataset of temperature measurements. We consider Set 1 as our reference dataset, without any particular reason other than the fact that both the number of samples and the measured temperature range are quite large. Unlike LEC, which always uses the same alphabet, our approach uses a reference dataset to generate a dictionary for a particular parameter under observation (e.g., temperature). We compute the frequencies of each of the symbols available in the reference dataset and use them to construct the Huffman tree that represents the compression alphabet [23]. This alphabet, shown in Table 2, is then used to compress different temperature datasets. As the alphabet is fixed, the complexity of the proposed approach is rather low, being no more complex than that in [2]. For instance, an implementation of the Huffman encoding and decoding for AVR microcontrollers, widely used in sensor nodes, utilizes only 468 bytes of program memory [24]. In this work, we utilize Huffman coding due to its utmost simplicity; however, other entropy coding approaches such as arithmetic coding would likely produce similar results [25].
In the proposed compression scheme, as in any dictionary-based differential compression approach, two special cases must be considered: (i) in the beginning of data collection, the first sample, , must be transmitted uncompressed since there is no previous measurement to compute the difference . From the second sample on, the differences can be properly computed and compressed; (ii) in addition, the compression table, for example, Table 2, covers a limited range of difference values, according to the data available in the reference dataset. However, the probability of occurrence of a symbol not present in the dictionary is extremely low (see Figure 1). Hence, its value can be sent uncompressed and identified by the presence of a special marker in the Huffman dictionary. That is, a codeword which is not part of the original dictionary and whose presence can be unambiguously detected may be transmitted to signify that the next symbol corresponds to an uncompressed value, which can then be transmitted using a subsequent codeword of a fixed previously defined length. In Table 2 the special marker is the bits symbol .
4. Results
In this section we investigate the performance of the proposed scheme when the fixed Huffman alphabet in Table 2 is used to compress different datasets. First we consider the temperature datasets in Table 1. It is important to note that the test datasets, Set 2 to Set 9, were collected at different locations and times than those of the reference dataset Set 1, which was used to construct the alphabet in Table 2. The performance of the proposed scheme is compared to the theoretical limit given by the source entropy (considering both the temperatures and the differences of the temperatures) and to the performance of the LEC [2] and ALFC [4] algorithms. In order to meet the assumptions of the proposed method, whenever a dataset contains measurements with resolutions higher than 1°C, the data is rounded before being processed by any of the algorithms under consideration. To further validate our approach, we also carry out experiments using six datasets of relative humidity measurements. Again, a resolution of is assumed, and the data is rounded whenever that is not the case (although it is possible to easily adapt the proposed method for higher resolution data, preliminary experiments showed that as the resolution increases, more subtle phenomena such as sensor noise cause the distributions at different sites to differ to a larger extent, penalizing the performance of the approach).
4.1. Comparison with Lossless Entropy Compression
Figure 2 shows the average uncompressed symbol length (), the entropy of the temperature measurements (), and the entropy of the differences between consecutive temperature measurements () for each of the datasets shown in Table 1. Figure 3 shows the average symbol length () after compression, the compression ratio (), and the code efficiency () when using the proposed scheme as well as LEC. The compression ratio is computed as while the code efficiency with respect to the theoretical limit is given by As the results demonstrate, the proposed fixed dictionary method outperforms LEC, always achieving a larger compression ratio. Moreover, the code efficiency for the proposed scheme approaches for some of the test datasets (Sets 2, 3, and 6). Note also that the code efficiency for the proposed scheme is considerably larger than that obtained with LEC (in [3], the authors also compare the performance of LEC with that of a semiadaptive Huffman system in which the dictionary is generated based on an initial set of samples and then used to compress the entire dataset. Because that approach fails to account for longer-term variations in the measurements collected by the WSN, the improvement over LEC is at most for temperature datasets and for relative humidity datasets, whereas the proposed approach presents much higher compression ratio gains with respect to LEC). Even in the case of the datasets for which the performance of the proposed scheme does not approach the theoretical limit (notably in datasets of extremely low entropy, such as Sets 8 and 9), the reduction in symbol length is almost with respect to LEC and the corresponding compression rates are above . In fact, because those datasets tend to contain long sequences of measurements that convey very little information, none of the methods under consideration can achieve high efficiency for sets of extremely low entropy (ALFC achieves approximately lower efficiency than the proposed approach for Sets 8 and 9). In the case of Set 9, for example, the average length of a sequence consisting exclusively of zeros is measurements. In order to achieve higher efficiency in datasets of very low entropy, a method that encodes long sequences of measurement differences as a single symbol would be needed. Although the proposed method could be adapted for that purpose, doing so might jeopardize its versatility.
4.2. Comparison with Adaptive Linear Filtering Compression
ALFC assumes that the measurements are transmitted in fixed-length packets which contain enough information so that the measurements within the packet can be decoded regardless of communication failures that may have caused previous packet losses. In order to achieve comparable results, we modify our approach so that measurements are also assumed to be contained in fixed-length packets, and the first measurement in each packet is not compressed. That allows every measurement within a packet to be decoded independently of the information contained in previous packets and adds robustness to packet losses similar to that obtained by ALFC.
We compare the performance of our approach to that of ALFC using the same set of parameters employed in the experimental evaluation presented in [4]. That is, we used the quantization parameters , , and and the order of the filter was defined to be . As for the number of bits required to represent the measurements without compression, we used , since this is the minimum number of bits required to represent the measurements in our datasets. As suggested in [4], for each packet we computed the optimal value of the variable length coding parameter , which has a major impact on the length of the corresponding coding symbols (ALFC uses th Golomb codes [26], with the restriction that ).
Figure 4 shows the average symbol length after compression using ALFC and our proposed approach. Despite the current popularity of the 802.15.4 protocol, we did not want to constrain our analysis exclusively to protocols that only allow very small payloads; hence we show the results for packet sizes of , , and bytes. For comparative purposes, we also show the average symbol length when the entire dataset is compressed simultaneously (max). For each packet size, the average symbol length was computed over all packets. The results show that the average symbol lengths obtained using the proposed approach are lower than those obtained using ALFC for any dataset or packet length. When the entire datasets are compressed simultaneously, we achieve an average symbol length reduction with respect to ALFC between and , whereas for packets of bytes, the average reduction is between and . In addition, unlike ALFC, the proposed method does not require the user to adjust several different operation parameters, allowing broader practical applicability, besides being less complex.
4.3. Impact of Encoding Symbols Not Present in the Dictionary
To evaluate the impact of transmitting uncompressed symbols not present in the dictionary, we augmented each of the measurement datasets in Table 1 by inserting pairs of uncompressed symbols along with the corresponding special marker and computed the corresponding compression ratio . Figure 5 shows the impact of varying the percentage of uncompressed symbols between and of the total size of each dataset. In the evaluation, we used the special bit symbol shown in Table 2, and each uncompressed symbol was represented using bits, according to Figure 2.
As Figure 5 shows, even for a relatively high percentage of uncompressed symbols, the compression ratio difference is below in the worst case (Set 2) and close to on average. It is important to note that if a high percentage of the measurements in a given dataset must be encoded by symbols which are not present in the original dictionary, then the dataset clearly violates the basic assumption that new measurements can be modeled based on the statistics of previous measurements. In that case, an alternative method should be employed. In most WSN applications, however, that situation is rather uncommon. In the nine temperature measurement datasets presented in Table 1, for example, there were no symbols that were not represented in the original dictionary shown in Table 2. As shown in the next section, even when datasets which contain fewer symbols are used to build the dictionary, the percentage of uncompressed symbols remains quite low.
4.4. Validation of the Method Using Alternative Dictionaries
With the purpose of demonstrating the generality of the proposed approach, we evaluated the performance of our method when datasets other than Set 1 were used to generate the dictionary. Table 3 shows the results of this evaluation. In the table, each row shows the average symbol length obtained when the dataset on the left is compressed using the dictionary generated by the dataset on the top. The last row shows the average symbol length over all datasets. We can see that the average symbol length over all sets is reasonably consistent, except for that obtained using the dictionary generated by Set 3, which is higher than the average. The last column shows the standard deviation of the symbol length. We can see that the variation is generally quite small.
Despite the longer symbol lengths obtained when Set 3 is used, the proposed method performed better that LEC in all the cases presented in Table 4. It also outperformed ALFC's best case compression in every scenario, except when the dictionary generated by Set 3 is used to compress the symbols in sets with very low entropy. Again, one must take into consideration the simplicity of the proposed method.
Table 4 shows the percentage of symbols present in each dataset which cannot be represented by the dictionary generated using the dataset on the top row. The results show that the percentage of symbols not present in the dictionary is very close to zero in most cases. The percentage of symbols outside the dictionary is at most , which would still allow the proposed method to perform quite well. It is interesting to notice that the highest percentages of symbols not present occur exactly when sets which contain a very limited number of symbols are used to generate the Huffman dictionaries (i.e., Sets 4, 5, and 8). However, for these very same sets, the maximum symbol length is significantly shorter (because fewer symbols are present), and as a consequence so is the length of the special symbol , which mitigates the impact of the insertion of additional uncompressed symbols. This can be verified in Table 3, where we can see that the average symbol lengths obtained using the dictionaries generated by sets that caused the highest percentages of symbols not present (especially Set 8) are not significantly higher than those obtained using other sets.
4.5. Evaluation Using Relative Humidity Measurements
The proposed approach can be applied to other environmental datasets. In order to demonstrate that, we consider a set of relative humidity measurements, whose characteristics are listed in Table 5. Figure 6 shows the probability distribution of the differences between consecutive relative humidity measurements for each of the datasets. Figure 7 shows the average symbol length for the uncompressed case (), the entropy of the relative humidity measurements (), and the entropy of the difference of consecutive relative humidity measurements ().
The results concerning the utilization of the proposed scheme and of LEC are shown in Figure 8. In this case, a Huffman dictionary (Table 6) was generated based on the measurements in Set 10 and used to compress the measurements in Sets 11 to 15 (if a temperature dataset, such as Set 1, is used to generate the dictionary, a degradation of up to can be seen when compressing relative humidity datasets). The conclusions are very similar to those obtained for the temperature datasets. Once again the proposed scheme performs best, while approaching the theoretical limit for some of the datasets.
As we did for the temperature datasets, we also compared the performance of our approach to that of ALFC using the same set of parameters used in Section 4.2. Figure 9 shows the average symbol length after compression using ALFC and our proposed approach for the six relative humidity datasets. Again, the proposed approach outperforms ALFC for any dataset or packet length.
5. Conclusions
This paper presents a lightweight compression mechanism for low resolution sensor nodes based on fixed Huffman dictionaries. Since the proposed scheme presents very modest computational and memory requirements, it can be easily employed in practical wireless sensor nodes. In order to evaluate the method, we computed the compression ratio obtained in several real datasets containing temperature and relative humidity measurements collected at different locations and during distinct periods of time. The compression ratios obtained using our approach vary between and . The code efficiency results also demonstrate that in some cases the proposed method closely approaches the theoretical limit. Finally, the proposed scheme, although extremely simple, outperforms LEC [2] for all the considered datasets and ALFC [4] in the vast majority of cases.
The most promising direction we envision for the future is to improve our ability of understanding the reference measurement datasets so that we can compensate for deficiencies in the dataset during dictionary generation. That is, we would like, for example, to analyze the relationship between measurement range and sample rate in order to adjust for any discrepancies before generating the dictionary. This would mitigate the impact in the performance of the method seen, for example, when Set 3 was used to generate the dictionary. In fact, taking one step further, this approach might allow us to establish synthetic measurement distributions for different environmental variables (e.g., temperature or relative humidity) which would allow sensor nodes to generate measurement dictionaries on-the-fly without the necessity of referring to reference datasets. For example, the experiments with temperature measurements in Section 4 showed that very high compression ratios are achieved when Set 1 is used to generate the Huffman dictionary. As Figure 1 shows, the distribution of the measurement differences in Set 1 can be obtained by sampling a Laplacian distribution with mean 0 and scale 1 at integer points. The dictionary in Table 2 can then be generated by constructing a Huffman tree based on the probabilities of the points . This entire procedure could be carried out by a wireless sensor node based exclusively on the knowledge of the median and variance of the distribution and on the range of points that must be sampled without any additional information about the original dataset.
Conflict of Interests
The authors declare that there is no conflict of interests regarding the publication of this paper.
This work was partially supported by CNPq, CAPES, and FAPEAM (Brazil). Part of this work was presented (in Portuguese) in the 31st Brazilian Telecommunications Symposium.
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Bulk honey in a 55 gallon drum. The list price is approximate; the actual price will be the price per pound times the net weight of pure raw clean honey! Unfiltered and unheated. We'll adjust the price for actual weight and the drum deposit after ordering.
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To the editor: As I write this letter, Aetna has just announced it will drop more than 600,000 folks from its rolls so they can retain their profit margin.
To the editor: The last vote by the old council typifies the arrogance our town leaders have displayed for many years.
The appointment of councilman Bob Bobinski as chairperson of the ABC Board demonstrates the exclusion of qualified women appointments to lead positions.
I requested this appointment be delayed until the new council took office; however, as expected, that request was ignored.
Sea-Trail councilmen Lou DeVita and Len Steiner, along with our passive mayor, Ron Klein, sided with their neighbor and golf league buddy councilman Bobinski.
To the editor: We recently visited Ingram Planetarium to see the holiday laser show and what a delight it was; an hour of wonderful holiday music, accompanied by amusing laser figures dancing in tempo.
While the audience was small, it was certainly entertained. Out-of-town visitors did not realize they would see a holiday laser show and asked about the regular planetarium offerings. They also did not know our planetarium has one of three SciDome HD digital projection systems in the world.
To the editor: As usual, the Ocean Isle Beach flotilla was fantastic. All of the neighbors around the 87 marker and the campgrounds appreciate so much what the boat owners put into decorating their boats.
When we all hear what night they are going to have it, we all act like little kids and start calling our inland friends to come sit on our decks and piers with us and enjoy it.
Thanks again for all of the time and effort you spent to make us all happy and put us in a merry Christmas mood. Each year they get better and better.
To the editor: Editor's note: This letter was sent to AARP.
I am enclosing my and my wife's membership cards. Due to the AARP stance on the healthcare reform bill being deliberated by the cronies in Washington, we are hereby canceling our memberships to AARP.
AARP is supposedly for the protection and benefit of seniors, but AARP and other corporations are selling out seniors in an alliance with lobbyists and bureaucrats in Washington to line their pockets.
To the editor: Ah, Mr. Stanley. How convenient for you to be able to use the excuse of "public safety and liability concerns" when denying the Beacon access to the county animal shelter to do a story.
I'm sure the staff at the Beacon has a legal advisor available that could satisfactorily word a release of liability form for their reporter to sign relieving the county of any responsibility should an incident occur.
To the editor: Local and Triangle newspapers reported last week that state spending on Medicaid is $160 million over budget so far this fiscal quarter.
News on the radio reported Gov. Perdue traveled to Washington, D.C., to speak to Health and Human Services Secretary Kathleen Sebelius. She was looking for federal assistance for Medicaid because of the budget shortfall.
How ironic. Gov. Perdue and our Sen. Hagan have endorsed the healthcare plans of their party in both the House and the Senate that would greatly expand state Medicaid spending programs.
To the editor: It was just days ago you could smell it in the air: the smell of football season. School has been in a few weeks. The nights get cooler. The days get shorter and leaves begin to fall. If you love football, you know what I mean.
To the editor: There was such an unscheduled event the day in which Jesus was sent.
Each year there is many a yarn that the boy had been born in a barn.
Sky seemed so bright and still mum; three wise men, they soon would come.
Yet sky still so starry it was; there was one big bright one just because.
That bright star would lead the way to where children in a barn would play.
It was then that Mother Mary and Joseph said: "It's time for us to go to bed."
To the editor: It was reported Louisiana Sen. Mary Landrieu accepted a $100 million bribe in return for her vote to allow the Harry Reid Senate healthcare bill to come out of committee for a full floor debate.
When asked about it, she brazenly declared it was really $300 million. Wow!
When Republicans, no stranger to these tactics themselves, objected, the Democrat response was to explain it away, saying this has been going on for a long time. As if that makes it right.
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Fur on shoes is nothing new; Celine was one of the first brands to put all-fur shoes on our radars several seasons ago. The brand's all-fur shoes from Celine Spring 2013 weren't particularly well-received by anyone but crazy fashion people; I wasn't a fan then, and now, I'm not a fan of the Giuseppe Zanotti Fur-Trim Wedge Zip Sneaker.
The amount of fur that consumes the front of this shoe is hard to get past, and with the added gold hardware across the center (and if you look close there's also gold hardware going across the vamp), it makes this sneaker look gaudy. If the fur was kept to just trim at the top of this high top, as opposed to a ball of fur that we've got going on, I think it would be a more practical sneaker in terms of styling. Aesthetically speaking, this fur frontal is not pleasing. Although, I think if anyone will be seen wearing these sneaker and could possibly make me eat my words for disliking these shoes, it would probably be Rihanna.
Is anyone else sick of designers trying to make fur shoes happen?
Buy your Giuseppe Zanotti Fur-Trim Wedge Zip Sneaker through Barneys for $1,395.


text:
If you thought Marvel was the only studio that could bag ridiculous casts for its ensemble superhero movies, then think again. Warner Bros. has just confirmed quite a few rumors and officially announced the cast for Suicide Squad, the first DC Comics movie to follow Batman v Superman: Dawn of Justice.
Jared Leto as the Joker.
Will Smith


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text:
Synopsis, notes, and links by Michele L. Worley
First US edition: pages vii - viii
Timeframe: "present", between the publication of
GF and that of
In which Albus Dumbledore
explains how this book came to be made available to Muggles.
Interesting facts and notes about the text of the foreword:
over 250 million dollars since they started in 1985 - which is the
equivalent of over 174 million pounds or thirty-four million
Unfortunately, on the back of the book is listed a price for the book in
dollars and in wizarding money,
and these do not work out to the same exchange rate, so that is
incorrect.. Wouldn't you know it, when CNN created their converter
application on their CNNfn website, they used the wrong exchange rate.
[signature] Albus Dumbledore
Characters introduced in this chapter:
Characters returning in this chapter:
Dumbledore, Albus
Characters mentioned in this chapter:
Pince, Irma
Whisp, Kennilworthy
Settings and locations introduced or returning in this chapter:
Settings and locations mentioned in this chapter:
Hogwarts library
Exceptional character moments:
Madam Pince's reluctance to let
Muggles have access to a library
Madam Pince's tendency to add
unusual jinxes to library
books to discourage people from maltreating them.
library book spells
Thief's Curse
Links and Resources:
Chudley Cannons
Comic Relief U.K.
Puddlemere United
Theories of Transubstantial Transfiguration
See Wizarding World Currency Converter.
Memorable lines:
I would be deceiving my readers if I said that this explanation made
Madam Pince happy about
handing a library book
over to Muggles. She suggested several alternatives, such as telling the
people from
Comic Relief U.K.
that the library had burned
down, or simply pretending that I had dropped dead without leaving
...though at the point when it came to let go of it, her nerve failed her
and I had to individually prise her fingers from the spine.
Please be careful how you treat this book. Do not rip out the pages.
Do not drop it in the bath. I cannot promise that
Madam Pince will not swoop
down on you, wherever you are, and demand a heavy fine.
Strictly British:
Timeline/Calendar of the Chapter:
This book was published between the releases of
GF and OP.


text:
This is not your English grandmother's afternoon tea.
Last Sunday, the Japanese Women's Club in association with the Japanese Consulate of Detroit demonstrated the rituals of the tea ceremony at the Detroit Institute of Arts. Unlike any tea event in Western culture, this ancient ritual was created, according to the DIA website, "as a way to appreciate a quiet moment in time while protected from the chaos of the world."
In beautiful, bright colored-dress, three women acted out the Japanese tea ritual under the narration of a representative from the Japanese Consulate. In the Japanese tea ceremony, the hostess invites a guest of honor and any additional guests she wishes to include. For Sunday's demonstration, there was one other invitee in addition to the guest of honor.
According to James Norwood Pratt's, "New Tea Lover's Treasury", the origins of the Japanese tea ceremony date back to just before the year 1200 when Japan's interest in tea was renewed by Esai, a monk, returning from China after studying Buddhism and Zen. Esai is credited with writing the first book on tea in Japanese.
The tea ceremony evolved from what Pratt categorizes as three distinct stages: "medico-religious", luxury, and finally aesthetic - its end result combining all three. The ceremony is much more about the ritual than the tea, which is matcha, a powdery green tea that is mixed with hot water to create a frothy concoction with a bamboo whisk.
In the ceremony, the guests pay homage to not only the tea, but the hosts wall hangings and tea accessories. Very little talking takes place. It is a time to reflect and meditate. Unlike the Victorian creation of afternoon tea, which celebrates excesses in food, dress and table accouterments, the Japanese tea ceremony is sparse in settings and conversation.
A tea ceremony with years of history, the DIA demonstration gave visitors a glimpse of what this intricate event involves, taking them from the Rivera Court to a Japanese tea room in a condensed version lasting less than one hour. Certainly not the scone and clotted cream event of British influence, but lovely in its simplicity and meditative powers.
The DIA featured the Japanese tea ceremony as part of its Samurai: Beyond the Sword special exhibit running from March to June 1, 2014. For more information on this special exhibit, see the DIA website.


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Thelonious Monk: Well, You Needn't (1957)
Well, You Needn't
Thelonious Monk (piano)
Monk's Music (Riverside OJCCD 084-2)
Thelonious Monk (piano), John Coltrane (tenor sax), Coleman Hawkins (tenor sax), Gigi Gryce (alto sax), Ray Copeland (trumpet), Wilbur Ware (bass), Art Blakey (drums).
Recorded: New York, June 26, 1957
Rating: 98/100 (learn more)
Anytime you can get tenor sax giants Coleman Hawkins and John Coltrane in a room together, the result is bound to be explosive. Add Monk and his bebop classic "Well, You Needn't" to the mix, and you've got some military-grade dynamite. Coltrane's and Hawkins' solos are separated by several minutes, but that does nothing to lessen their impact. Monk's composition gives the musicians all the framework they need to blow the roof off the studio. And let's not forget the pianist himself. He saves his own solo for last and throws in unexpected notes, pauses and runs. This reading of "Well, You Needn't" is the bomb.
Reviewer: Steve Greenlee
Tags: 1950s jazz · riverside · sax battle · well you needn't
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Outing with the new 7D
Started Mar 31, 2013 | Discussions thread
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yycPhotog • Forum Member • Posts: 84
Outing with the new 7D
I just recently purchased the Canon 7D and added the 100-400 mm L series lens, and I must say that I am quite happy with this combination. With each outing, I get a little better, and a little more patient with this camera and as time progresses, I'm sure all of the settings will become second nature!
I'm attaching a couple of pictures of Canada Geese from todays outing. Hopefully the exif data is still intact. They have had minimal PP done.
yycPhotog's gear list:yycPhotog's gear list
Nikon Coolpix P900 Canon EOS 7D Canon EOS 5D Mark III Canon EF-S 17-55mm f/2.8 IS USM Canon EF 100-400mm f/4.5-5.6L IS USM +3 more
Canon EOS 7D
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Jul 13, 2012 10:24 AM
What a pretty perch! This Capellini Ribbon Stool ($871) will add a lot more color and life to your space than does the worn-out black leather one that you took from your parents' garage when you moved out after college. Isn't it time your decor started looking more like a lady's and less like a dive bar's?
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My 16-85mm f3.5-5.6 ED DX VR review
Started Mar 11, 2012 | Discussions thread
Shop cameras & lenses ▾
4Motioner MOD • Regular Member • Posts: 492
My 16-85mm f3.5-5.6 ED DX VR review
I just posted my thoughts on the Nikon 16-85mm VR on my blog. Check it out here: http://juhoaj.blogspot.com/2012/03/nikon-16-85mm-f35-56-ed-dx-vr.html
C&C welcome, as usual!
4Motioner's gear list:4Motioner's gear list
Sony Alpha 7 Sigma 30mm F2.8 DN | A Sony FE 55mm F1.8 Sony FE 24-70mm F4 OSS
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Losing Ground, by Charles Murray
"Losing Ground: American Social Policy 1950-1980", by Charles Murray proposes that in the 1960s there was a paradigm shift in people's thinking about what caused poverty. It was thought that the underclass, largely inhabited by blacks was the result of white prejudice.
Charles Murray wrote "Losing Ground" in 1984. His book seemed like a bolt of lightening in the middle of the night revealing what should have been plain as the light of day. The welfare state so carefully built up in the 1960s and 1970s created a system of disincentives for people to better their own lives. By paying welfare mothers to have children out of wedlock into a poor home, more of these births were encouraged. By doling out dollars at a rate that could not be matched by the economy, the system encouraged the poor to stay home. By lowering the value of learning, it was discouraged. By lowering the punishment for criminal activity (which was deemed to be society's fault and not the perpetrator - who was seen as a victim) it encouraged more criminal activity and longer criminal records.
By pointing all this out in convincing fashion with graphs, statistics and well-reasoned argument Charles Murray spawned a movement that would ultimately result in welfare reform in 1996. The results of the reform were manifest in the economy and in society almost immediately. Charles Murray since then has had the opportunity to bask in the glow of being proven right.
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The Coppid Beech Hotel
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Last week the news was abuzz about the latest "consensus" about global warming. Supposedly 300 scientists reaffirmed that global warming is happening. www.energysavingtrust.org.uk/Resources/Energy-saving-news/Climate-change2/Report-reveals-unmistakeable-signs-of-global-warming/(energysavingtrust)/737734
Suspicion was immediate when some things were NOT mentioned.
1. How much was this alleged global warming ?
2. What was the cause ?
3. What was the source of this latest affirmation of global warming ?
4. Was it significant ?
The fact is, over the past 100 years, this "study" showed that the temperature went up by about 1 degree.
The study did not comment on the cause.
The study claimed that it was significant but did not establish this.
The fact is that global warming, the greatest crises ever supposedly added only a single degree - 1 degree - in the past 100 years. The fat is that since the ice age, of course, the earth has been getting warmer. The cause was not, could not, be attributed to man; but ithat was implied. The 1 degree over a century is not statistically significant. ANY real Science study would include some statistical significance analysis. This one did not; therefore it is not scientific. Any and every natural measurement is subject to statistical fluctuations. Of course temperatures will fluctuate. If it is significant is the scientific question of importance. 1 degree, is insignificant. I need not prove this since the report did not bother to mention it, the proof is in common sense. 1 degree up or down, based on common experience, is irrelevant.
Most "climatologists" have never studied Statistics nor Astronomy. I have. I have a BS in Physics and Astronomy and an MBA in Finance. I am well versed in both areas. But most people would clearly recognize a 1 degree change as being nothing. In academic terms, it is statistically insignificant; that is a fact. During other period of Earth history in the past 10,000 years (which is recent), the global temperature has gone up and down FAR more than 1 degree in a century.
The cherry picked data showed 4 stations that showed an increase in temperature. According to NASA's land based temperature stations,I can find 100 others that show declining temperatures during the same period and the raw Climactic Research Unit (CRU) data itself shows a "decline" in temperature during the past decade. This study does not bother mentioning this data. The fact is, they are picking the facts that support their fraud and ignoring anything that contradicts it. This is not real Science. Real Science examines ALL the facts.
Interestingly, the study discusses only the Arctic ice extent reduction but does not bother to mention the corresponding Antarctic ice extent expansion. This reduction/expansion is explained by "Precession", the movement of Earth on its axis. But climatologists never study Astronomy and are completely unaware of this fundamental element of nature.
Incredibly, every major news source, including the Wall Street Journal, reported this as a significant story without question.
The alleged study is further proof that global warming is a fraud. Worse, it exposes basic ignorance of Statistics and Astronomy on part of the so-called Scientists who are taking advantage of the general public ignorance in these areas.


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V Links News Archive
This page will direct you to the latest news and best sites about ABC Network's V Show
News Articles about ABC Networks V
Scripted TV Fans 3/5/11 V 3/1/11 "Uneasy Lies the Head" Episode Recap
Examiner 3/5/11 'V' preview for ' Devil in a Blue Dress': Anna's plans move forward
Zap2It 3/2/11 'V' recap: The Worst
Scripted TV Fans 3/1/11 Erica Commands The Fifth Column In A High Risk Attack Against Anna Tonight On V
Scripted TV Fans 2/24/11 V 2/22/11 "Birth Pangs" Episode Recap
Zap2It 2/23/11 'V' recap: Hong Kong Phooey
Scripted TV Fans 2/22/11 Erica Travels to Hong Kong Hoping To Strike a Blow Against Anna Tonight on V
Examiner 2/21/11 Major 'V' season finale spoilers: Deaths are coming to close out season 2
TV Guide 2/21/11 Keck's Exclusives: V's Finale Bloodbath
Examiner 2/18/11 'V' preview for 'Birth Pangs': Lisa fights back against her mother Anna
Zap2It 2/16/11 'V' recap: The Mommy Wars
Scripted TV Fans 2/15/11 Anna Enlists Ryan In An Attempt To Wipe Out The Fifth Column Tonight On V
Scripted TV Fans 2/10/11 V 2/8/11 "Concordia" Episode Recap
Scripted TV Fans 2/8/11 Eli Cohn Tries To Convince The Fifth Column It's Time To Assassinate Anna Tonight On V
Scripted TV Fans 2/7/11 V 2/1/11 "Unholy Alliance" Episode Recap
Hollywood Reporter 2/3/11 'V' Star Morena Baccarin Among Actresses on 'Avengers' Shortlist (Exclusive)
Zap2It 2/2/11 'V' recap: You Gotta Have Faith
Scripted TV Fans 2/1/11 Erica Gets A New Partner Tonight On V
1/31/11 'V' plans season ending cliffhanger despite low ratings
Examiner 1/29/11 'V' episode 2.04 sneak peeks show an 'Unholy Alliance'
Scripted TV Fans 1/25/11 "V" 1/18/11 "Laid Bare" Episode Recap
Digital Spy 1/25/11 'V' star Mitchell teases Jay Karnes role
Entertainment Weekly 1/31/11 'V' to pull a 'Jericho': Season will end on cliffhanger despite cancellation risk - Exclusive
Examiner 1/29/11 'V' episode 2.04 sneak peeks show an 'Unholy Alliance'
Scripted TV Fans 1/25/11 "V" 1/18/11 "Laid Bare" Episode Recap
Digital Spy 1/25/11 'V' star Mitchell teases Jay Karnes role
Scripted TV Fans 1/18/11 Erica Discovers That Her Partner Malik Is A Visitor Tonight On V
Scripted TV Fans 1/14/11 V: On Set Visit
Digital Spy 1/14/11 Mitchell: 'V finale doesn't feel like end'
Zap2It 1/12/11 'V' recap: Soul Searching
Scripted TV Fans 1/11/11 Anna And Diana Face Off On The Mothership Tonight On V
Gather 1/5/11 'V' Recap - Episode 2.01 "Red Rain" - Anna's Plan Revealed
TV Guide 1/5/11 Watercooler: OMG! V is No Longer MIA
Scripted TV Fans 1/4/11 Red Sky Chaos Continues Tonight On The Season Premiere Of V
TV Guide 1/4/11 Roush Review: Return of V and Southland
NY Daily News 1/4/11 Brainy visitors on ABC show 'V' meet Earth's space cadets in ensemble show; should aim higher still
TV Guide 1/4/11 V's Out-of-This-World Mommy Dearest
Digital Spy 1/4/11 'V' star 'could return for third season'
USA Today 1/4/11 ABC gets under the skin of the Visitors to give them new look
USA Today 1/4/11 Season 2 'V' cuts to the chase at a lightning-quick pace
TV Guide 1/3/11 V Pulls Back the (Lizard) Layers in Season 2
Deseret News 1/3/11 'V' aliens back for Season 2
Zap2It 1/3/11 Jane Badler's return to 'V' franchise: 'I felt like a lover had re-emerged'
TV Guide 1/3/11 Keck's Exclusives First Look: V Brings Back an Old Fave
Post Gazette 1/2/11 Revamped 'V' still lacks juice
Digital Spy 12/31/10 Jane Badler: 'V role not a villain'
USA Today 12/30/10 Morena Baccarin tackles a 'larger-than-life' character in 'V'
TV Guide 12/28/10 Jane Badler Returns to V As a New, "More Mature" Diana
Gather 12/22/10 ABC Releases The First 14 Minutes Of V Episode 2.01 Red Rain
Gather 12/21/10 V Season 2 Premiere Sneak Peeks For Episode 2.01 Red Rain
Scripted TV Fans 12/9/10 V – The Recap
BuddyTV 12/8/10 'V' Season 2 Premiere Photos
Digital Spy 11/30/10 Morena Baccarin promises 'V' answers
TV Guide 11/29/10 Keck's Exclusives: Original V Star Marc Singer Returns to ABC's V
NY Post 11/22/10 The good Father
TV Guide 10/25/10 Keck's Exclusives: V and Desperate Housewives Scoop
Scripted TV Fans 10/15/10 ABC Announces Season 2 of "V" to Premiere January 4
TV Guide 10/11/10 New York Comic Con: V, Vampire Diaries and Nikita Take Manhattan
Digital Spy 9/21/10 Oded Fehr signs for 'V' role
Digital Spy 9/21/10 'Shield' star Karnes joins 'V' cast
TV Guide 9/13/10 Keck's Exclusives: Jane Badler Vamps Up V
Spy 9/8/10 'V' exec: 'Hobbes has divided loyalties'
TV Guide 8/18/10 V Scoop: Does John May Live?
Scripted TV Fans 8/12/10 Bret Harrison Joins Cast of "V" in Recurring Role
TV Guide 8/10/10 Reaper's Bret Harrison Lands on V
Scripted TV Fans 8/8/10 Jane Badler Joins the Cast of "V"
Gather 8/6/10 V Season 2 - Diana Returns - Jane Badler Signed
Zap2It 8/6/10 Original 'V' star Jane Badler joins Season 2 of ABC reboot
Scripted TV Fans 7/30/10 Charles Mesure Joins the Cast of "V"
Scripted TV Fans 7/26/10 Comic-Con 2010 : V
TV Guide 7/25/10 V: Will Jane Badler Play Anna's Mother in Season 2?
Chicago Tribune 7/24/10 'V' star unveils shocker
Digital Spy 6/29/10 'V' producer reveals future plans
Digital Spy 6/22/10 Elizabeth Mitchell wants 'V' romance
Zap2It 5/19/10 'V' season finale: Dinner on the mothership
LA Times 5/18/10 'V': Choose your masters
Scripted TV Fans 5/18/10 Erica Works on a Plan to Destroy Anna's New Soldiers on Tonight's Season Finale of "V"
TV Guide 5/17/10 V's Elizabeth Mitchell: "Absolutely No One Is Safe" in the Finale
Gather 5/14/10 V TV Series Season Finale - More Pics, Promo and A Sneak Peek For V Season 1 Episode 12 Red Sky..
Scripted TV Fans 5/13/10 Ask V – Lourdes Benedicto
TV Guide 5/13/10 V Renewed for Second Season
Gather 5/12/10 V TV Series - V Season 1 Finale - Season 1 Episode 12 Red Sky Promo & Pics
LA Times 5/11/10 'V': A picture is worth a thousand words
Scripted TV Fans 5/11/10 After a Violent Attack on Someone Close to Her Anna Says the V's Will be Leaving Tonight on "V"
LA Times 5/11/10 'V' and Sympathy: Previewing Tuesday's episode
TV Guide 5/10/10 It's the V Showdown We've Been Waiting For: Anna Vs. Erica
Gather 5/7/10 E! Compares - Lost vs. V - Are The Shows Similar? [Video]
Gather 5/6/10 Season 1 Episode 11 - Fruition - Preview, Sneak Peek And Promo Pics - See Them Here!
Scripted TV Fans 5/5/10 Ask V – Joel Gretsch
Zap2It 5/5/10 'V': Let's blow up a shuttle
LA Times 5/5/10 'V': We're terrorists now
Scripted TV Fans 5/4/10 Ryan, Father Jack and Hobbes Try to Avoid a Team of Trackers Tonight on "V"
TV Guide 5/3/10 8 Things You Should Know About V's Final Episodes
Scripted TV Fans 4/29/10 Ask V – Logan Huffman
Zap2It 4/28/10 'V': Beware the Hot Tub Soldier
Scripted TV Fans 4/28/10 Ask V – Logan Huffman
Deseret News 4/28/10 'FlashForward,' 'V' are incredibly aggravating
LA Times 4/27/10 'V': Unleashing a soldier of war
Scripted TV Fans 4/27/10 Chad Boards the Mothership to Heal His Aneurysm Tonight 4/27/10 on "V"
Scripted TV Fans 4/27/10 V – Ask V – Laura Vandervoort
Digital Spy 4/27/10 Benedicto: 'V is different to original'
TV Guide 4/26/10 V's Lizard Baby Gets a Due Date — and a Tail
Zap2It 4/21/10 'V': One step behind
LA Times 4/20/10 'V': Electric blue, or the politics of tragedy
Scripted TV Fans 4/20/10 Anna Goes to Switzerland to Present a Gift of Technology to the World Tonight on "V"
Digital Spy 4/20/10 Baccarin: "V is so relevant to our time"
TV Guide 4/19/10 V's Logan Huffman: Tyler Is Actually the Hero
Scripted TV Fans 4/15/10 Ask V – Scott Wolf
Zap2It 4/14/10 'V': God bless you, George Sutton
LA Times 4/13/10 'V': May day, or everyone has a breaking point
Scripted TV Fans 4/13/10 Anna Invites Chad Back Onto the Mothership Tonight on "V"
TV Guide 4/12/10 V's Joel Gretsch: Father Jack is an "Ill-Equipped" Resistance Fighter
Scripted TV Fans 4/8/10 "V" 4/6/10 "Pound of Flesh" Episode Recap
LA Times 4/6/10 'V': A call to arms
Scripted TV Fans 4/6/10 Tyler Learns a Secret About Erica Tonight on "V"
TV Guide 4/5/10 Who Will Be Joining the Fifth Column on V?
Scripted TV Fans 4/4/10 V – Interview with Scott Rosenbaum
Scripted TV Fans 3/31/10 "V" 3/30/10 "Welcome to the War" Episode Recap
Zap2It 3/31/10 'V': Oh, it's on
LA Times 3/31/10 'V': Deliver a villain and a hero will present itself
Scripted TV Fans 3/30/10 Ask V – Elizabeth Mitchell
Scripted TV Fans 3/30/10 Erica Suddenly Has to Battle for Her Life Tonight on "V"
NY Post 3/30/10 'V' star promises his character no longer sucks
LA Times 3/30/10 'V': Previewing the sci-fi series' return
Boston Globe 3/30/10 Juicy alien drama in 'V' deserves allegiance
Zap2It 3/29/10 'V': Joel Gretsch serves God, fights Aliens
Zap2It 3/29/10 'V': Get ready for their return
Zap2It 3/29/10 'Castle,' 'FlashForward,' 'V': Keep 'em or kill 'em?
TV Guide 3/28/10 V's Elizabeth Mitchell: "It Gets Better and Better"
LA Times 3/26/10 'V': Morena Baccarin talks about Anna, the Visitors' plan and lizard anatomy
Sydney Morning Herald 3/25/10 V for very like the tram of life
Scripted TV Fans 3/24/10 V – Ask V – Morena Baccarin
Gather.com 3/24/2010 V Set To Return March 30th [Video]
Scripted TV Fans 3/23/10 Special Clip Show "V" The Arrival Airs Tonight on ABC
Chicago Tribune 3/17/10 Get intel on 'V' guest stars and leave your questions here
Scripted TV Fans 3/15/10 V- An informative V-cap
LA Times 3/11/10 'V': Showrunner Scott Rosenbaum teases 'rodent desire,' multiple pregnancies and more
Scripted TV Fans 2/26/10 V – 3/30 Sneak Peek
TV Guide 2/12/10 Exclusive: V Casts Michael Trucco as Fifth Column Leader
Digital Spy 2/4/10 'V' casts Charles Mesure, Lexa Doig
Scripted TV Fans 12/7/09 FlashForward and V to Return With All New Episodes in March 2010
Scripted TV Fans 12/6/09 V 11/23/09 "It's Only the Beginning" Episode Recap
Zap2It 12/3/09 'FlashForward,' 'V' will return in March
Gather.com 11/25/09 V Season 1 Episode 4
LA Times 11/24/09 'V': The way of the gun
Scripted TV Fans 11/24/09 Erica Looks to Uncover a Biological Threat From the Visitors Tonight on "V"
Chicago Tribune 11/24/09 Talking 'V' with Morena Baccarin, plus 5 clips from Tuesday's fall finale
LA Times 11/24/09 'V': Previewing tonight's fall finale
Hollywood Reporter 11/24/09 DVR data boosts 'V' premiere ratings
E!Online 11/24/09 Is Anna Getting Busy on V?
Scripted TV Fans 11/23/09 V - 11/23/09 Episode Sneak Peek
Zap2It 11/10/09 'V': Morena Baccarin, Scott Wolf & Elizabeth Mitchell talk alien life, what to expect...
USA Today 11/10/09 'V' star Wolf: Visit from aliens 'doesn't seem that far-fetched'
USA Today 11/10/09 Elizabeth Mitchell tight-lipped about 'Lost,' emotive about 'V'
NY Post 11/10/09 What's 'V' really about?
TV Guide 11/10/09 V: Sit Down with Visitors' Leader Morena Baccarin
Scripted TV Fans 11/6/09 V - 11/10/09 Episode Sneak Peek
Scripted TV Fans 11/5/09 Ratings Report: "V" Premiere Opens With Big Audience
Scripted TV Fans 11/4/09 "V" 11/3/09 Pilot Episode Summary
Gather.com 11/4/09 V Season 1 Episode 1 - Series Premiere
E!Online 11/4/09 V: Save It or Sink It?
Digital Spy 11/4/09 'V' showrunner Scott Peters steps down
E!Online 11/4/09 V Invasion a Success
LA Times 11/3/09 'V': Devotion is dangerous
Scripted TV Fans 11/3/09 "V" Premieres Tonight on ABC
Zap2It 11/3/09 'V' taps 'Chuck' veteran as new showrunner
Philly.com 11/3/09 They came from space - and 1983
Chicago Tribune 11/3/09 'V' aliens say they come in peace. Sure! A review of the compelling sci-fi series
Media Life 11/3/09 'V,' lost in space in a trip back in time
NY Daily News 11/3/09 ABC's 'V' ditches nuance to deliver a watered-down remake of original series
LA Times 11/3/09 'V' is 'pretty terrific' in its plan to serve man
Entertainment Weekly 11/3/09 Elizabeth Mitchell dishes all about 'V' -- and the 'Lost' romance she doubted at first
Digital Spy 11/3/09 Introducing... the characters of 'V'
USA Today 11/3/09 It's 'V' day for sci-fi fans as ABC reboots the alien story
LA Times 11/3/09 Showrunner shift at ABC's 'V'
Uncle Barky 11/2/09 ABC's V "re-imagines" NBC original -- but with flair
Deseret News 11/2/09 The aliens are coming! New 'V' debuts
Post Gazette 11/1/09 'V': Aliens return in revamped version of '80s series
Digital Spy 10/27/09 'Lost' writer makes comic book debut
Zap2It 10/25/09 What 'Lost' mysteries would you like found?
Post Gazette 11/1/09 Tuned In: 'V' invades ABC
Post Gazette 11/1/09 Star from '80s 'V' could appear in different role in new show
Zap2It 10/30/09 They're here! 'V' premieres on ABC
Digital Spy 10/29/09 'V' star: 'New version has terrorist aspect'
Digital Spy 10/28/09 ABC cancels 'V' sky promotion
Entertainment Weekly 10/27/09 Exclusive: 'V' music video has arrived
LA Times 10/26/09 Elizabeth Mitchell talks about battling the otherworldly on her new ABC series 'V'
Digital Spy 10/26/09 Englund: 'V remake makes me feel old'
TV Guide 10/23/09 Watch the First Nine Minutes of ABC's V
Scripted TV Fans 10/20/09 Sky Writing Campaign Paves the Way for "V"
Digital Spy 10/20/09 'V' to preview in UK ahead of US launch
Hollywood Reporter 10/18/09 Sky's the limit for ABC's 'V' push
Scripted TV Fans 9/26/09 Arrival Sneak Peek 11-3 - V
Scripted TV Fans 9/25/09 Press Sneak Peek - V
TV Guide 9/25/09 ABC's V to Take a Break
Zap2It 9/25/09 'V' split: ABC's alien takeover partly deferred till spring
Digital Spy 8/27/09 'V' production 'temporarily halted'
Scripted TV Fans 8/26/09 Top 5 Fan Questions for V
Celebrity Today 8/11/09 Somerhalder, Mitchell Set For Lost Return, V Set For ABC
Zap2It 8/8/09 'V' lands on ABC in November; Elizabeth Mitchell will be back on 'Lost'
Entertainment Weekly 8/8/09 Press tour diary: ABC 'V' reboot
E!Online 7/28/09 Elizabeth Mitchell Talks V, Her Return to Lost and Sawyer's Happiness
Scripted TV Fans 5/26/09 A First Look at V
Scripted TV Fans 5/23/09 ABC - V - Sneak Peek
Scripted TV Fans 5/20/09 ABC Announces New Series "V"
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