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BIOGRAPHICAL NOTES ; 1998; DOI: 10.1215/ed-26-biographical-notes; CL 26: firstpage-26-289-lastpage-26-304
Notes on the Carlyles' contemporaries who are referred to more than once or twice in the present volume are given below, with cross references to earlier information. Otherwise they are accounted for in headnotes and footnotes as they occur.
Adamson, Robert (d. 1861; see TC to JA, 14 Feb. 1838), manager of the British Linen Bank, Dumfries.
Adderley, Charles Bowyer (1814–1905), of Hams Hall, Warwickshire; Conservative M.P. for N Staffs., 1841–78; 1st Baron Norton, 1878; m., 1842, to Julia Anne Eliza, b. Leigh (d. 1887), Edward Twisleton's paternal cousin; later held various ministerial appts. and had various advanced views on colonial policy.
Aird, Thomas (1802–76; ODNB; see TC to JAC, 29 March 1833), poet, journalist, and misc. writer; ed. of the Edinburgh Weekly Journal, 1833, and of the Dumfries Herald, 1835–63; TC's longtime friend.
Airlie. David Graham Drummond (1826–81), 7th earl of Airlie; m., 23 Sept. 1851, Henrietta Blanche, b. Stanley (see also Stanley); representative peer of Scotland, 1850–81; Lord High Commissioner to the Church of Scotland; of Cortachy Castle, Forfarshire.
Aitken, Jean ("Craw") Carlyle (1810–88), TC's sister; m., 1833, to James, housepainter, of Assembly St., Dumfries. James (1836–71), their son at school.
Allingham, William (1824–89; ODNB; see TC to WA, 4 Sept. 1850), poet; b. in Ireland; customs official in Ireland but often visited London, where introduced to TC by Leigh Hunt, 1850; pbd. Poems, 1850, and Day and Night Songs, 1854, with illus. by Pre-Raphaelities, his friends; transferred to customs house, Lymington, 1863; pbd. Laurence Bookfield in Ireland, 1864; retired from civil service and moved to London, 1870; sub-ed., Fraser's Magazine, 1870–74, and ed., 1874–79. His Diary (1906) is a valuable record of TC.
Anne, servant at Cheyne Row from June; became ill, early summer 1852.
Ashburton. Harriet Baring, b. Montagu (1805–57; ODNB; see TC to MAC, 8 March 1839, and later vols.), Baroness Ashburton; TC's admired friend, known to him since 1839; m., 1825, to Lord Ashburton.
Ashburton. William Bingham Baring (1799–1864; ODNB; see TC to MAC, 8 March 1839, and later vols.), 2d Baron Ashburton; partner in Baring Bros., bankers, and politician.
Austin, Margaret (1831–74), James and Mary Austin's eldest da. Her sisters were Grace (b. 1833) and Jessie (1834–76).
Austin, Mary Carlyle (1808–88), TC's sister; m. to James (d. 1878), farmer of the Gill, nr. Ecclefechan.
Bain, Alexander (1818–1903; ODNB; see JWC to TC, 11 Sept. 1844), psychologist, logician, and educationist.
Ballantyne, Thomas (1806–71; ODNB; see TC to TB, 23 Feb. 1839), author and journalist; formerly ed. of the Manchester Guardian.
Bamford, Samuel (1788–1872; ODNB; see TC to JAC, 24 Jan. 1843), radical, poet, and autobiographer; former weaver; correspondent for various London newspapers since 1826.
Baring, Louisa (d. 1888) and Lydia Emily (d. 1868), Lord Ashburton's unmarried younger sisters.
Beard, Richard (1801/2–85), portrait photographer; 34 Parliament St., 1842–56; 85 King William St., 1842–54; and 31 King William St., 1854–69; the first to adopt Talbottype.
Blackie, John Stuart (1809–95; ODNB; see TC to JSB, 28 April 1834, and TC to JSB, 16 April 1849); regius prof. of Latin, Marischal Coll., Aberdeen, 1839; prof. of Greek, Edinburgh, 1852; m., 1842, Eliza, b. Wylde.
Blanc, Jean Joseph Louis (1811–82; see TC to MAC, 22 March 1848, and TC to LA, 29 Jan. 1849), French socialist leader, liked by TC (see TC to JWC, 4 April 1849); exiled in London since Aug. 1848; arrested in Paris and soon returned to England.
Bölte, Amalie Charlotte Elise Mariana (1811–91; see 22:introduction, and JWC to HW, 15 July 1847), German writer and trans. living in England; close friend of the Carlyles and of her regular correspondent Varnhagen von Ense; had recently moved to Upper Cheyne Row.
Boyd, Robert (d. 1831), John Sterling's cousin; executed in Malaga, Dec. 1831, because of his part in the invasion of Spain by a small group of revolutionaries hoping to set up a constitutional monarchy. A number of undergraduates at Trinity Coll., Cambridge, took part in the affair earlier; see Life of Sterling, Works TC to JAC, 15 April 1839.
Braid, Betty, JWC's old nurse, now living in Edinburgh.
Brontë, Charlotte (1816–55; ODNB), novelist; her Jane Eyre (1847) and Shirley (1849), pbd. pseud.; began writing Villette (1853) in 1851.
Brookfield, William Henry (1809–74; ODNB; see JWC to WHB, 1 April 1846), clergyman and school inspector; m., 1841, to Jane Octavia, b. Elton (1821–96), socialite, admired by Thackeray; members of the Ashburton circle.
Brown, Samuel (1817–56; ODNB; see TC to JWC, 27 Aug. 1843), chemist, atomic theorist, lecturer, and writer, of Haddington; admired TC, who largely returned the good opinion; now seriously ill.
Browning, Elizabeth Barrett, b. Moulton Barrett (1806–61; ODNB), poet; admirer of TC; m., 1846, to Robert Browning; living on the Continent, since 1846. Robert Wiedeman Barrett ("Pen") Browning (1849–1912), their only child.
Browning, Robert (1812–89; ODNB), poet; TC's friend since mid-1830s; their admiration for each other expressed in their letters.
Bruce, John (1802–69); ODNB; see TC to JAC, 23 Nov. 1845), lawyer, antiquary, and ed. of the Gentleman's Magazine.
Buller, Arthur William (1808–69; see TC to JCE, 12 Jan. 1822), judge in India; m., 1842, to Anne Henrietta Maria, b. Templer; with his brother, Charles, had been TC's pupils.
Buller, Charles (1806–48; see TC to JCE, 12 Jan. 1822), Liberal politician.
Buller, Isabella, b. Kirkpatrick (d. 1849); m. to Charles Buller (1774–1848); mother of Charles and Arthur; the Carlyles' friend since 1822.
Bunsen. Christian Karl Josias Bunsen (1791–1860; see TC to JCA, 13 Feb. 1839), Baron Bunsen, known in Britain as Chevalier Bunsen; Prussian ambassador to Britain, 1841–54; m., 1817, to Frances, b. Waddington (1791–1876; ODNB), extremely supportive of TC's career.
Burritt, Elihu (1810–79; see TC to RWE, 18 Dec. 1846), American scholar and linguist; lectured widely on temperance, antislavery, and peace; lived in England, 1846–49, where he started the League of Universal Brotherhood; with Henry Richard arranged the first peace conference, 1848, in Brussels and other conferences in Europe.
Byng, Gerald Frederick ("Poodle") (1784–1871; see TC to JWC, 8 July 1844), socialite; member of the Ashburton circle.
Calvert, Robert, Isabella Carlyle's brother; traveled widely, particularly in S America; see TC to AC, 10 May 1838. Her brother John was a sheep farmer in Australia (see "New Carlyle Letters," Carlyle Newsletter 8 [1987]:49).
Cameron, Charles Hay (1795–1880; ODNB), lawyer and colonial administrator in Ceylon and India, 1831–48; member of the Supreme Council of India, 1835; worked on codification of Indian penal laws; m., 1838, to Julia Margaret, b. Pattle (1815–79; ODNB), later famous as a photographer, esp. for portraits of TC and Tennyson, among others.
Carlyle, Alexander (Alick) (1799–1876), TC's brother; emigrated with his family to Canada, 1843, and settled at the Bield, nr. Brantford, Ontario; m., 1830, to Janet (Jenny), b. Clow (1808–91). Jane Welsh Carlyle (1831–84), their da. Thomas (1833–1921), their son. Their son Alexander (1843–1931; see TC to AC, 4 May 1843) m., 1879, Mary Aitken, lived with TC; ed. the Carlyles' letters and TC's other writings.
Carlyle, James (Jamie) (1807–90), TC's brother; farmer at Scotsbrig; m., 1834, to Isabella, b. Calvert (d. 1859), who suffered ill health. Their children were James (b. 1835), who left school, late 1851; John (b. 1836); and Jane (Jessie or Jennie) (1843–74).
Carlyle, John Aitken (Jack and "the Doctor") (1801–79; ODNB), TC's brother; physician and trans. of Dante.
Carlyle, Margaret Aitken (1771–1853), TC's mother, living with James and Isabella Carlyle at Scotsbrig.
Cavaignac, Louis Eugène (1802–57; see TC to MAC, 25 Nov. 1836, and TC to MAC, 6 July 1848), French republican gen. and political leader; commander of troops in Paris strongly suppressing the June 1848 revolution; overwhelmingly defeated for pres. by Louis Napoleon; imprisoned but released to m., 24 Dec., Louisa Gabrielle, b. Odier; retired to country; brother of TC's friend Godefroy Cavaignac (1801–45; see JWC to JW, 20 March 1848).
Chalmers, Thomas (1780–1847; see JWC to TCH, 21 May 1827, and TC to MAC, 20 Jan. 1843), Scottish church leader and theologian; known to and admired by the Carlyles.
Chambers, Robert (1802–71; ODNB; see TC to JHLH, 18 April 1834), publisher, author, and ed. of Chambers's Edinburgh Journal.
Changarnier, Nicolas Anne Théodule (1793–1877), French soldier; former gov. of Algeria; commander of troops in Paris, 1848–51; banished, 1852, for opposing Louis Napoleon.
Chapman, Edward (1804–80), partner in Chapman & Hall, TC's publisher since 1843.
Chapman, John (1821–94; ODNB; see TC to JCH, 21 March 1844), publisher and author; agent for American publishing firms.
Childs, John (1784–1853; ODNB; see TC to JCHI, 24 Sept. 1841), printer of Bungay, Suffolk.
Chorley, Henry Fothergill (1808–72; ODNB; see TC to MAC, 9 Oct. 1837, and TC to UC, 11 Dec. 1834), music critic for the Athenaeum, 1833–66; author of unsuccessful novels and of plays and memoirs on music; younger brother of John Rutter and Phoebe.
Chorley, Jane, b. Wilkinson (d. 1851; see TC to JWC, 25 July 1834), mother of John, Henry, and Phoebe.
Chorley, John Rutter (1806–67; ODNB; see TC to JWC, 25 July 1843, and TC to JWC, 8 Aug. 1845), the Athenaeum's chief reviewer for works in German, Italian, and Spanish; highly regarded by TC; see Reminiscences (1997) 154.
Chorley, Mary Ann ("Phoebe") (1801–63), Henry and John's sister.
Chrystal, Andrew (see JWC to JW, 5 Feb. 1846, JWC to JW, 23 June 1849, and TC to JWC, 7 Aug. 1849), Jeannie Welsh's future husband, 1853; lived in Glasgow; little is known of him.
Clark, E. P. (see TC to RWE, 17 Nov. 1843), Boston bank cashier; TC's agent in the U.S.
Clark, Sir James (1788–1870; ODNB; see JWC to TC, 30 Aug. 1838), eminent physician.
Clough, Arthur Hugh (1819–61; ODNB; see TC to AHC, 17 Dec. 1845, and TC to JWC, 3 April 1849), poet; TC's admirer with other young men at Oxford and known to him since 1848; principal of Univ. Hall, London, 1849–52; prof. of English lang. and lit., Univ. Coll., London, 1850–52.
Cochrane, John George (1781–1852; ODNB; see TC to WDC, 7 Dec. 1840), chief librarian of the London Library, 1841–52.
Cole, Henry (1808–82; ODNB; see TC to HGR, 11 Aug. 1835), senior asst. keeper in the Public Record Office, from which he was given leave, 1849, to be on the exec. committee of the Great Exhibition; known to the Carlyles since the 1830s.
Coningham, William (1815–84; see TC to MAC, 24 Oct. 1839), John Sterling's maternal cousin; pbd. Twelve Letters by John Sterling (1851); M.P. for Brighton, 1857–64.
Corrie, Alexander ("Sandy") (see TC to WG, 24 Dec. 1834), and family of Newfield Farm, nr. Scotsbrig.
Craik, George Lillie ("Creek") (1798–1866; ODNB; see JWC to SS, 20 Sept. 1835), author; prof. of English lit. and history, Queen's Coll., Belfast, since 1849; friend of the Carlyles since 1835; m., 1826, to Jeannette, b. Dempster (d. 1856; see JWC to TC, 30 Aug. 1838).
Crawfurd, John (1783–1868; ODNB), Orientalist; studied medicine, Edinburgh Univ.; successful diplomat in India and the East but unsuccessful radical candidate in several general elections in the 1830s; friend of John Sterling (see Life of Sterling, Works 11:168).
Croker, John Wilson (1780–1857; ODNB; see JWC to TC, 9 Oct. 1847), Tory politician, essayist, contrib. to and ed. of the Quarterly Review.
Darwin, Erasmus Alvey (1804–81; see TC to JAC, 15 June 1835, and TC to JAC, 17 Feb. 1837), the Carlyles' close friend since 1835; Charles Darwin's brother.
Dickens, Charles (1812–70;ODNB), novelist; friend of the Carlyles since early 1840s; m., 1836, to Catherine Thompson, b. Hogarth (d. 1879). Their da. Dora Annie (1850–51) d., 14 April.
Dilberoglue, Stavros (b. ca. 1821; see JWC to TC, 23 Aug. 1846), Corfu-born Manchester merchant, traditionally Greek; close friend of the Jewsburys, though Geraldine Jewsbury found him too Oriental and despotic; gave Nero to JWC, 1849; lived with his mother and beautiful younger sister, Calliope.
Dobbie, Edward (1773–1857; see TC to JWC, 9 March 1842), retired minister; Mary Russell's father.
Dobell, Sydney Thompson (1824–74; ODNB), poet and critic; a leading member of the "Spasmodic School"; author of The Roman (1850), Balder (1853); m., 1844, to Emily, b. Fordham, who was in ill health. TC had met them at Malvern.
Drummond, Henry (1786–1860; ODNB; see TC to JWC, 17 Aug. 1831), banker, politician, and joint founder of the Catholic Apostolic Church.
Duffy, Charles Gavan (1816–1903; ODNB; see TC to MAC, 28 April 1845), Irish nationalist and ed. of the Nation, whom TC visited in Ireland, 1846 and 1849; elected M.P. for New Ross, 1852.
Eddisbury. See Stanley, Edward John.
Ellice, Edward, the elder ("Bear") (1783–1863; ODNB; see TC to JAC, 28 Jan. 1847), politician and deputy gov. of the Hudson Bay Co.; Lord Ashburton's close friend and colleague.
Emerson, Ralph Waldo (1803–82; see TC to JAC, 27 Aug. 1833), New England Transcendentalist philosopher, essayist, and poet; known to TC since 1833 and, despite differences, they felt close ties with each other.
Erskine, Thomas (1788–1870; ODNB; see TC to JAC, 1 Feb. 1838), theologian and former advocate, of Linlathen, Dundee.
Espinasse, Francis (1823–1912; see TC to FEHD, 1 Feb. 1841), journalist and writer; formerly with the Manchester Examiner and, since 1848, sec. of the National Public School Assoc.; TC's protégé; son of François, French language teacher, of 5 Hill St., Edinburgh.
Farie, Robert (1813–82; see TC to JAC, 20 Nov. 1846), nonpracticing barrister of independent means; trans. of German works, known to the Carlyles since 1846.
Farrer, Annie Louisa (b. ca. 1828; see TC to JAC, 11 Sept. 1848), member of the Ashburton circle; younger sister of Mary Farrer.
Fergus, John (d. 1865; see JWC to TC, 17 July 1837), Kirkcaldy friend of the Carlyles; M.P. for Fife; brother of Jessie Fergus and Elizabeth Pepoli.
FitzGerald, Edward (1809–83; ODNB; see TC to EF, 18 Sept. 1842), poet and trans.; TC's friend since 1842.
Fleming, Henry ("The Flea") (d. 1876; see TC to JWC, 15 July 1844), socialite and intimate of the Ashburton circle; asst. sec. of the poor law board.
Ford, Richard (1796– 1858; ODNB), critic and author of books on Spain; m. 3dly, 12 June 1851, Mary (d. 1910), only da. of Sir Arscott Ourry Molesworth (1789–1823), bart., and sister of Sir William Molesworth (1810–55; ODNB), bart.
Forster, John ("Fuz") (1812–76; ODNB; see TC to GE, 15 Feb. 1832, and TC to JF, 17 Jan. 1839), historian, journalist, biographer, and ed. of the Examiner since 1848; friend of the Carlyles since the late 1830s; literary adviser to TC.
Foucault, Jean Bernard Léon (1819–68), French physicist; by means of a pendulum showed the rotation of the earth.
Foxton, Frederic Joseph (1807?–70), lapsed Church of Wales clergyman; B.A., 1829, Pembroke Coll., Oxford; author of Popular Christianity (1849) and The Priesthood and the People. TC sometimes found him wearisome but a thorough gentleman.
Frewen, Thomas (1811–70; see TC to TF, 21 Feb. 1849), with whom TC had corresponded about Cromwell.
Fuller, Sarah Margaret. See Ossoli, Margaret.
Gambardella, Spiridione (see TC to RWE, 19 Nov. 1841, and JWC to JW, 16 Nov. 1842), Italian portrait painter and political exile; in U.S., 1835–40, before coming to Britain and being introduced to the Carlyles by a letter from Emerson.
Garthwaite, Tom, Ecclefechan tailor.
Gaskell, Elizabeth Cleghorn, b. Stevenson (1810–65; ODNB), writer; author of Mary Barton (1848) and Cranford, beginning to be serialized in Household Words, Dec.; Frances Wedgwood's second cousin; met the Carlyles on a visit to London, spring 1849, and maintained a slightly uneasy relationship; m., 1832, to William (1805–84; ODNB), Unitarian minister, Cross St. Chapel, Manchester, and prof. of English hist. and lit., Manchester New Coll., 1846–53. TC stayed with them, 19 Sept. JWC describes her as "kind" and "cheery" "in her own house" but morally dull, like "all Socinian women."
Gavazzi, Alessandro (1809–89), former Roman Catholic priest; in Naples until removed to Rome, 1840, for his liberal views; left Italy, 1849, and in U.S. and England, 1849, campaigned through lectures and a periodical against priests and Jesuits.
Gilfillan, George (1813–78; ODNB; see TC to JAC, 29 Oct. 1840, and TC to JWC, 12 Aug. 1843), author and Presbyterian minister, Dundee; both admired and criticized TC.
Gordon, John (d. 1882; see TC to AC, 29 March 1827), school inspector; former gen. sec. of Edinburgh Univ.; TC's old friend.
Graham, William (1770– 1860; see TC to WG, 15 Sept. 1820, and later vols.), TC's old friend living on the slopes of Burnswark, where he formerly farmed, 3 mi. N of Ecclefechan. He had two or three brothers, all of whom had emigrated to N America.
Grey. Henry George Grey (1802–94; ODNB; see TC to JWC, 8 July 1844), 3d Earl Grey; sec. for the colonies, 1846–52; leader of Whigs in House of Lords; m., 1832, to Maria, b. Copley (1803–79); known to TC since 1844.
Grier, Mary (d. 1861; see TC to JCA, 26 Dec. 1843, and TC to JCA, 25 March 1847), possibly a relative of James Aitken.
Gully, James Manby (1808–83; ODNB), physician, famous for hydropathic therapy of disease at Malvern, 1842–71; lived with his two younger sisters—Ann and Helen—and his three children—Charles, 19, Susanna, 18, and William, 16; first wife d., 1838; m., 1841, Mrs. Kibble, a wealthy widow, seventeen years his senior, but they separated eighteen mos. later.
Hamilton, Alexander, brother and business partner of William Hamilton.
Hamilton, William (d. 1851; see TC to JAC, 11 Feb. 1840), Scottish-born merchant and TC's good friend; m. to Elizabeth, b. Martin (1799–1859), Edward Irving's sister-in-law.
Hanna, William (1808–82; ODNB; see TC to WH, 22 Nov. 1847), theological writer; son-in-law and biographer of Thomas Chalmers (see TC to TCH, 20 Feb. 1847).
Hanning, Janet Carlyle (1813–97), TC's sister; m. to Robert (d. 1878), who had emigrated to Canada; separated since 1841 but rejoined him in Canada, in Aug., with their two das., Margaret (b. 1838) and May (b. 1840).
Harland, John (1806–68; ODNB; see TC to JHA, 5 Jan. 1845), reporter for the Manchester Guardian and Lancashire local historian; originally wrote to TC about omissions from the first edn. of Cromwell; friend of Espinasse.
Helps, Arthur (1813–75; ODNB; see JWC to TC, 4 July 1843), writer and historian of private means; clerk to the privy council, 1860; friend of the Carlyles since early 1840s; m., 1836, to Elizabeth (Bessy), b. Fuller (see JWC to TC, 17 July 1843). His mother was Ann, b. Frisquet.
Herford, Edward (1814/15–96), Manchester solicitor, 1837–68; coroner at Manchester, 1849–96; prominent layman of the Church of England; cofounder of the English Church Union, 1861.
Hiddlestone, Margaret, former servant of JWC's mother.
Hill, Lord George A. (1801–79; see TC to JAC, 18 June 1849), Protestant, improving landlord of Donegal; visited by TC, 1849.
Hill, Rowland (1795–1879; ODNB), introducer of penny postage.
Hogg, James (1806–88; ODNB), ed. of Hogg's Weekly Instructor (changed to The Instructor, 1849), 1845–59; pbd. principal works of George Gilfillan and collected works of Thomas De Quincey.
Howe, Joseph (1804–73; ODNB), Nova Scotia politician, journalist, and orator; m., 1828, to Catherine Susan, b. McNab; owned and ed. The Nova Scotian, from 1828; M.P. for Halifax, 1836; member of the exec. council and speaker of the House of Assembly, 1840; delegate from Nova Scotia to England, Nov. 1850–April 1851; sec. of state for the lower provinces, 1870–73; gov. of Nova Scotia, 1873.
Hunt, James Henry Leigh (1784– 1859; ODNB), essayist, poet, and former neighbor of the Carlyles.
Inglis, Henry (1806–86; see TC to JAC, 29 Nov. 1827), Edinburgh lawyer, businessman, and versifier whom the Carlyles had known since the 1820s.
Ireland, Alexander (1810–94; ODNB; see TC to JCH, 28 Jan. 1847), journalist and man of letters; publisher and business manager of the Manchester Examiner, 1846–86.
Irving, Edward (1792–1834; see TC to RM, 12 Feb. 1817, later vols., and Reminiscences), preacher and religious leader; the Carlyles' great friend.
Jeffrey, Lord Francis (1773–1850; see TC to AC, 26 Jan. 1820, and later vols.), lawyer, judge, and lit. critic; early friend and benefactor of the Carlyles.
Jewsbury, Geraldine Endsor (1812–80; ODNB; see TC to GEJ, 12 April 1840), novelist, reviewer, and gen. writer; friend of the Carlyles since early 1840s and increasingly of JWC; lived with her brother Francis (Frank) Harding (1819–78) as his housekeeper. Her eldest brother, Thomas Smith (b. 1802), also lived in Manchester.
Johnston, George (see TC to JAC, 25 Nov. 1842, and TC to JAC, 20 May 1846), physician and farmer; M.D., 1822; practiced in Marsden, Cheshire, then in Liverpool, till some time after 1838; switched to farming in Gloucester; brother of TC's student friend James Johnston.
Ker, Alan (1819–85; see TC to JWC, 19 July 1844), barrister; apptd. attorney gen., Antigua, 1851, and sailed there, 1852; m., 4 July 1851, to Mary, b. Tennyson (1810–84), Alfred Tennyson's sister; Ann Scott's nephew.
Kingsley, Charles (1819–75; ODNB), author, Broad Churchman, and Christian Socialist; author of Alton Locke (1850) and Yeast (1851), both pbd. anon.; m., 1844, to Fanny, b. Grenfell (1814–91).
Kossuth, Lajos (1802–94), leader of the Hungarian insurrection against Austria, 1848–49; driven into exile to Turkey, where imprisoned, 1849–51; arrived in England, 21 Oct. 1851; then left for U.S.
Laborde. Marquis Léon Emmanuel Simon Joseph de Laborde (1807–69), politician and art historian; curator of the medieval and Renaissance collections, the Louvre, with special interest in printing techniques and engraving; reported on the practical arts at the Great Exhibition, 1851.
Lambton, Lady Alice Anne Caroline, youngest child of John George Lambton (1792–1840), 1st earl of Durham. Lord Grey was her maternal uncle.
Landseer, Sir Edwin Henry (1802–73; ODNB), admired animal painter; member of the Ashburton circle; painter of portraits of Lord and Lady Ashburton.
Lansdowne. Henry Petty-Fitzmaurice (1780–1863; ODNB; see TC to JF, 17 Jan. 1839), 3d marquess of Lansdowne; Whig politician; pres. of the council under Grey, Melbourne, and Russell; respected as patron of the arts and lit.; known to TC since they joined in founding the London Library.
Laurence, Samuel (1812–84; ODNBsee TC to JCA, 6 July 1838), portrait painter of many in TC's circle; friend of the Carlyles and close friend of James Spedding.
Layard, Austen Henry (1817–94; ODNB), archaeologist; excavator of the Assyrian city of Nineveh, 1849–51; attaché to the British embassy, Constantinople, 1849–51; returned to England, 1851, to devote himself to politics; brought back many sculptured figures and pbd. accounts of his discoveries.
Ledru-Rollin, Alexandre Auguste (1807–74; see TC to JWC, 10 April 1848), French lawyer and radical politician; minister for the interior in the provisional govt., 1848, and candidate for pres., 1848; unsuccessfully moved Louis Napoleon's impeachment and was deported, 1849, after leading a demonstration against the govt.; in England joined a revolutionary committee of Europe with Mazzini and Kossuth; returned to France, 1870, where he advocated universal suffrage and was a member of the legislature at the time of his death.
Lewald, Fanny (1811–89), German Sandian novelist and writer of travel books; Amalie Bölte's friend.
Lewes, George Henry ("Ape") (1817–78; ODNB; see TC to UC, 16 Oct. 1839), author, journalist, and coed. with Thornton Hunt of the Leader; known to the Carlyles since 1835; m., 1841, to Agnes, b. Jervis (1822–1902; see TC to JAC, 26 Aug. 1848).
Lind, Johanna Maria (Jenny) (1820–87; ODNB), admired Swedish soprano.
Lucas, Frederick (1812–55; ODNB; see TC to JF, 16 May 1840), journalist and Irish nationalist; owner and ed. of the Tablet, from 1840; M.P. for Meath, 1852–55.
Lynn (Linton from 1858), Eliza (1822–98; ODNB), novelist and misc. writer; on staff of the Morning Chronicle.
Lytton, Sir Edward George Earle Lytton Bulwer (1803–73; ODNB; see TC to JAC, 11 March 1839, TC to JSM, 23 March 1839, TC to JAC, 15 April 1839), bart.; novelist, dramatist, and poet; formerly a Liberal M.P. but temporarily out of politics; m., 1827, to Rosina, b. Wheeler; not respected by TC. Lytton sent TC a formal, lithographed letter asking him to be a steward at Macready's farewell dinner, 1 March 1851, and TC sent it to Varnhagen, noting, "It is exact enough to Bulwer's hand. I did not go to the Macready dinner; having no enthusiasm at all in the Dinner direction" (MS: Jagiellonian Univ.).
Lytton, Rosina, b. Wheeler (1802–82; ODNB; see TC to JAC, 15 April 1839), Lady Bulwer Lytton; novelist; officially separated from Edward since 1836 and, feeling unjustly treated, attacked him through her fiction.
Macaulay, Thomas Babington (1800–1859; ODNB), lawyer, politician, orator, essayist, and historian.
Maccall, William (1812–88; ODNB; see TC to WM, 5 Aug. 1848), author and Unitarian preacher; friend of TC, who said he had taken up Unitarianism and was now "completely stranded" (Espinasse 199).
M'Diarmid, John (1790–1852; ODNB; see TC to RM, 12 Feb. 1817, and TC to AC, 10 Jan. 1821), ed. of the Dumfries Courier; m., 1819, Anne, b. McKnight (d. 1850; see TC to JWC, 27 Sept. 1838, and TC to JWC, 12 Aug. 1843).
M'Queen, Tom, tenant of Craigenputtoch.
Macready, William Charles (1793–1873; ODNB), actor-manager; retired, 26 Feb. 1851; m. to Catherine Frances, b. Atkins (1805–52); the Carlyles' friends since 1839; moved to Sherborne, Dorset, 1850.
Mahon. Philip Henry Stanhope (1805–75; ODNB; see TC to JAC, 11 March 1839, 25:biographical note), styled Viscount Mahon; historian and politician.
Marshall, James (see TC to JMA, 3 June 1847, and TC to MAC, 19 June 1847), Scottish-born asst. to the grand duke and duchess of Weimar.
Marshall, James Garth (1802–73; see TC to MAC, 12 June 1838, and TC to JGM, 13 Oct. 1846), Leeds flax manufacturer and M.P.; m., 1841, to Mary Alicia Perry, b. Spring Rice (1812–75), da. of Lord Monteagle.
Marshall, William James (1796–1872; see TC to MAC, 12 June 1838) of Patterdale Hall, Hallsteads, on Ullswater; James Garth's brother; m., 1828, to Georgiana Christiana, b. Hibbert.
Martineau, Harriet (1802–76; ODNB; see TC to LEM, 21 Feb. 1841), journalist and writer of all kinds, esp. on public affairs; once a Unitarian, now a freethinker; known to the Carlyles since 1836, she and TC held each other in mutual esteem, and occasionally she and JWC were in disagreement.
Masson, David (1822–1907; ODNB; see JWC to TC, 24 July 1843), journalist, biographer, and ed.; close friend of both Carlyles.
Maurice, Frederick Denison (1805–72; ODNB; see JWC to JCA, 13 Aug. 1835), Broad Church leader and Christian Socialist; prof. of English lit. and history, King's Coll., London, 1840–53; attacked by Croker in Quarterly Review, 1851, for heresy but subsequently acquitted by a committee of enquiry; m. 2dly, 1849, to Georgiana, b. Hare (d. 1896; see TC to JWC, 5 April 1849).
Mazzini, Giuseppe (1805–72; see TC to JSM, 6 Dec. 1839), Italian revolutionary and friend of the Carlyles, particularly JWC, since the late 1830s. Returned to London, he continued to keep alive active resistance to Austrian domination in Italy.
Menteath, Menteth. See Stuart-Menteth.
Mérimée, Prosper (1803–70), novelist, short-story writer, historian, and trans. from the Russian into French; friend of the Ashburtons; now a political figure under Louis Napoleon.
Mildmay, Henry Bingham (1828–1905; see JWC to TC, 1 July 1849), Lord Ashburton's nephew; Humphrey Francis's brother.
Mildmay, Humphrey Francis (1825–66; see TC to RWE, 17 April 1849), son of Humphrey St. John and Anne Eugenia; later M.P. for Herefordshire.
Mildmay, Humphrey St. John (1794–1853; see TC to RWE, 17 April 1849), M.P. for Southampton and director of the Bank of England; m., 1823, Anne Eugenia, b. Baring (d. 1839), Lord Ashburton's eldest sister; m. 2ndly, 1843, Marianne Frances, b. Harcourt Vernon (d. 1873).
Mill, Harriet, b. Hardy (1807–58); widow (m. 1826) of John Taylor (1796–1849); m., 21 April 1851, J. S. Mill, whom she had known since 1830 and on whose thinking she had a profound influence. The MS of the first vol. of TC's French Revolution was burnt while in her care.
Mill, John Stuart (1806–73; ODNB), philosophical writer, logician, and economist; administrator (examiner) at India House since 1823; earlier friendship with and admiration of TC in recent years attenuated because of differences in temperament and on social questions; believed that TC, like other friends, disapproved of his marriage to Harriet Taylor.
Mills, Mary (d. 1854), JWC's mother's servant.
Milnes, Richard Monckton (1809–85; ODNB; see TC to JAC, 14 July 1836), Conservative M.P., society figure, and author; m., 31 July 1851, Annabella Hungerford, b. Crewe (1814–74), da. of 2d Baron Crewe; lost practical interest in politics after 1851 and devoted himself largely to literature.
Mitchell, Helen (see JWC to MAC, 27 Oct. 1840, and JWC to JCA, 1 May 1849), the Carlyles' maid, 1837–46; left to keep house for her brother; returned, 1848–49; dismissed for drunkenness.
Montégut, Jean Baptiste Joseph Émile (1825–95), French literary critic and trans.; joined staff of Revue des Deux Mondes, 1847, and wrote widely on England and American literature, including TC. For TC's influence on Montégut, see Burkhart Küster, Die Literatur des 19. Jahrhunderts im Urteil von Emile Montégut (Tübingen, 1982).
Moxon, Edward (bap. 1801, d. 1858; ODNB), publisher.
Murray, John (1808–92; ODNB), publisher of Albemarle St.
Napoleon. Louis Napoleon Bonaparte (1808–73), nephew of Napoleon I and pres. of France since Dec. 1848; known to TC when in exile in London, 1846–48 (see TC to MAC, 26 May 1849).
Neuberg, Joseph (1806–67; see TC to JN, 21 Dec. 1839, and 25:biographical note), German-born retired businessman in Nottingham; naturalized Briton, 1845; currently living with his sister, Rosette or Rosetta (d. 1898; see JWC to JN, 3 July 1849), in Bonn; met TC, 1848; trans. TC's work.
Newton, Robert Nodes (1813?–64; see TC to JAC, 4 Sept. 1847), textile manufacturer; m. to Sarah Ann (b. 1821?); father of three sons and three das.; living at Longcar Cottage, Barnsley, Yorks.
O'Connell, Daniel (1775–1847), Irish political leader called the "Liberator"; denounced by TC for fostering dissension and as the "father of lies" for promising repeal of the act of union while knowing it impossible.
Ossoli, Sarah Margaret, b. Fuller (1810–50; see TC to JAC, 8 Oct. 1846, and TC to RWE, 30 Nov. 1847), American writer, lecturer, and social reformer; visited the Carlyles, Oct. 1846; in Italy fell in love with the Marchese Giovanni Angelo Ossoli (1820–50); they and their son drowned in a shipwreck off Fire Island, N.Y., 19 July 1850.
Owen, Richard (1804–92; ODNB; see TC to JWC, 26 Aug. 1842), naturalist; first Hunterian prof. of comparative anatomy and physiology, Royal Coll. of Surgeons, 1836–56; m., 1835, to Caroline Amelia, b. Clift (d. 1873), da. of William Clift (see TC to JWC, 26 Aug. 1842), Owen's assoc. at the Royal Coll., who taught herself several languages and comparative anatomy.
Owens, John (1790–1846), Manchester merchant; founder of Owens Coll.
Palmerston. Henry John Temple (1784–1865; ODNB), 3d Viscount Palmerston; Whig foreign minister since 1846; believer in active diplomacy in support of liberalism and British interests overseas; in disfavor with Queen Victoria.
Panizzi, Anthony (1797–1879; ODNB), keeper of printed books at the British Museum, whose management of the catalogue and collection had long been disapproved by TC (see TC to LOA, 6 Feb. 1849).
Parker, John William (1792–1870; ODNB; see TC to ES, 14 May 1847), publisher and printer; pbd. Fraser's Magazine, 1847–63.
Paterson, David (Davie) (1791–1867; see TC to JWC, 12 Sept. 1843), Thomas Erskine's sister; m., 1821, to James Paterson (1795–1856); living at Linlathen.
Patmore, Coventry Kersey Dighton (1823–96; ODNB), poet; asst. in the book dept., British Museum Library, since 1846; close friend of Tennyson and Ruskin.
Patten, George (1801–65; ODNB), portrait and historical painter, of Greenheys, Manchester; with his wife known to the Carlyles through Geraldine Jewsbury and Elizabeth Paulet.
Paulet, Elizabeth (Betsey), b. Newton (1806–79; see TC to JWC, 19 July 1841), wealthy, high-spirited social and political liberal; strong feminist, of Seaforth Hall, nr. Liverpool; former friend of Geraldine Jewsbury and JWC but, after sharp disagreements, no longer seeing them; widow of Mark Étienne Paulet (d. 1850), apparently a Swiss businessman at Liverpool, where he was Swiss consul. Julia (b. ca. 1830), their da.
Pauli, Reinhold (1823–82), private sec. to Bunsen, 1849–52; future historian and author, esp. of books on English history.
Paxton, Joseph (1803–65; ODNB), gardener and architect; designer of the Crystal Palace and knighted at its opening; employee and friend of the duke of Devonshire, for whom he was administrator of Chatsworth.
Peel, Sir Robert (1788–1850), 2d bart.; former prime minister.
Perry, John George (1802–70), surgeon; qualified at St. Bartholomew's Hospital; hon. sec. of the Medical and Cirurgical Soc.; a medical inspector of prisons for the S and W districts, 1843–70; supporter of the "separate system" (in effect, solitary confinement), maintaining it had no ill-effect on health.
Piper, John (see JWC to TC, 11 Sept. 1847), the Carlyles' postman of 15 Radnor St., King's Rd., Chelsea. His wife was occasionally a servant at Cheyne Row.
Pius IX. Giovanni Maria Mastai-Ferretti (1792–1878), pope, 1846–78; returned to Rome, April 1850, after being forced to flee and now relying on French support.
Plattnauer, Robert (see JWC to JW, 29 Aug. 1844), Prussian exile of liberal or even revolutionary persuasion; evidently of good family; brother of Hedwig von Reichenbach; apparently introduced to the Carlyles by Godefroy Cavaignac and befriended by them; subject to periods of insanity; formerly tutor to Lord George Hill's children in Ireland, where TC saw him in 1849, but he had since returned to England.
Prentice, Archibald (1792–1857; ODNB), Scottish-born radical ed. of the Manchester Times, 1828–47; a founder of the Anti-Corn Law League, 1838; author of A Tour of the United States (1848), Historical Sketches and Personal Recollections of Manchester (1851), A History of the Anti-Corn-Law League (1853), and other works.
Prescott, William Hickling (1796–1859; see TC to MAC, 11 June 1850, and 25:biographical note), American historian; author of History of the Conquest of Mexico, 3 vols. (Boston, 1843), and History of the Conquest of Peru (Boston, 1847); m., 1820, to Susan, b. Amory.
Procter, Bryan Waller ("Barry Cornwall") (1787–1874; ODNB; see TC to JBW, 23 June 1824, and TC to JAC, 31 Aug. 1832), poet and barrister; m., 1824, to Anne Benson, b. Skepper (b. 1799; see JBW to TC, 14 Oct. 1823); both old friends of the Carlyles.
Quadrio, Maurizio (1800–1876), private sec. to the Roman Triumvirs; after the fall of the republic, July 1849, went into exile in Marseilles and then in Geneva and Lausanne; came to London, 1851.
Rawlinson, Henry Creswicke (1810–95; ODNB; see JWC to TC, 8 Oct. 1850), retired officer of the E India Co.; now consul in Baghdad and expert Assyriologist; recently deciphering the cuneiform inscription of Darius at Behistun, found the key to Assyrian and Babylonian records.
Redwood, Charles (1802–54; see TC to CR, 9 Jan. 1840), Welsh solicitor and TC's admirer.
Reichenbach, Count Oskar von (b. 1815; see JWC to JW, 9 Jan. 1844), Silesian landowner; liberal deputy to Frankfurt parliament, 1848–49; forced into exile and came to London with his family, 1850; m. to Hedwig, b. Plattnauer; living at Paulton's Sq., Chelsea.
Repp, Thorleifur Gudmundsson (1794–1857; see TC to NHJ, 15 April 1827, and TC to JWC, 17 Aug. 1831), librarian and linguist; known to TC and John Carlyle when an asst. in the Advocates' Library, 1825–34; author of the Danish dictionary used by TC, 1851.
Revis (or Revys), Theresa ("Tizzy") (b. 1832; see TC to MAC, 24 Feb. 1840, and JWC to AB, 6 April 1840, JWC to AB, 10 April 1849), adopted da. of Isabella Buller; da. of Arthur Buller's former mistress, who also was named Theresa.
Richard, Henry (1812–88; ODNB), Welsh-born Congregational minister in Old Kent Rd., 1835–50; peace advocate, called the "Apostle of Peace"; became sec. of the Peace Society, 1848; shortly before the Frankfurt peace conference, 1850, resigned the ministry because of his work in the peace movement.
Robson, Charles, of Levey, Robson & Franklyn, printers, 23 New St., Fetter Lane; TC's printer since 1837.
Ruskin, John (1819–1900; ODNB), author, art critic, and social reformer; m., 1848, to Euphemia Chalmers, b. Gray (1827–97); spent winters, 1849 and 1850, in Venice; author of vols. 1 and 2 of Modern Painters (1843, 1846), The Seven Lamps of Architecture (1849), and vol. 1 of The Stones of Venice (1851).
Russell, Lord John (1792–1878; ODNB), prime minister, 1846–52.
Russell, Mary, b. Dobbie (d. 1875; see TC to AC, 7 April 1832), m. to Dr. James Russell, of Holmhill, Thornhill, Dumfries; friends of JWC and her mother.
Saffi, Count Aurelio (1819–90), Italian poet and politician; with Mazzini a triumvir of the short-lived Roman republic; in exile in Switzerland, 1850, he had recently come to London.
Salmon, Henry (b. ca. 1800), rector of Swarraton, Hants., nr. the Grange, 1831–74; m. with two das.
Sand, George, pseud. of Amandine Aurore Lucie Dudevant, b. Dupin (1803–76; see TC to MN, 21 June 1841, and TC to GEJ, 13 Dec. 1848), French novelist, with strong influence on JWC and many of her friends; after taking an active part in the 1848 revolution and provisional govt., retired to Nohant.
Sandwich. Mary Anne Julia Louisa Harriet Montagu, b. Lowry-Corry (1781–1862; see TC to MAC, 3 Sept. 1848), dowager countess of Sandwich; m., 1804, George John Montagu (1773–1818), 6th earl; Lady Ashburton's mother.
Scott, Alexander John (1805–66; ODNB; see TC to JWC, 22 Aug. 1831, and TC to AJS, 25 Jan. 1838), prof. of English lang. and lit., Univ. Coll., London, 1848–51; became the first principal of Owens Coll., Manchester, 1851; m., 1830, Anne, b. Ker (d. 1888; see TC to AKS, 16 Feb. 1838).
Senior, Nassau William (1790–1864; ODNB), political economist; known to the Carlyles since the mid-1830s; m. 1821, to Mary Charlotte, b. Mair.
Sketchley, Penelope (see JWC to JW, 21 Nov. 1842, and JWC to JW, 12 Nov. 1843), picture copier; formerly of Liverpool, now living in London; often accompanied by her mother, an aspiring novelist.
Smith, John Stores (1828–92/93; see TC to JSS, 14 Oct. 1848), Manchester businessman, writer, and social commentator; influenced by TC's views on society, as shown in his Social Aspects (1850), which praises TC's "wonderful mind." See John Evans, Lancashire Authors and Orators (1850), for his work for the Lancaster Public School Assoc.
Spedding, James (1808–81; ODNB; see JWC to JCA, 13 Aug. 1835, and TC to TSS, 20 Sept. 1845), authority on Francis Bacon; former sec. in the colonial office, from which he retired, 1841.
Spedding, John (1770–1851), father of T. S. and James; m. to Sarah (d. 1842); lived at Mirehouse, Cumbria; at school with Wordsworth.
Spedding, Thomas Story (1800–1870; see TC to TSS, 17 Feb. 1838), Cumberland landowner of Greta Bank, nr. Keswick; James's brother; friend of TC since early 1840s; m. 2dly, 1839, to Frances Emily, b. Headlam (d. 1896).
Stanley of Bickerstaffe. Edward George Geoffrey Smith Stanley (1799–1869; ODNB), Baron Stanley of Bickerstaffe; Conservative opponent of free trade; colonial sec., 1833–34, 1841–46; resigned when Peel declared in favor of free trade (see TC to RMM, 4 Feb. 1846); brilliant spokesman on foreign affairs, 1848–51; attempted unsuccessfully to form a Conservative govt., 1851; succeeded as 14th earl of Derby, June 1851.
Stanley of Alderley. Edward John Stanley (1802–69; ODNB; see TC to JAC, 27 Feb. 1840), 2d Baron Stanley of Alderley; created Baron Eddisbury of Winnington, 1848; succeeded as 2d Baron, 1850; m. to Henrietta Maria, b. Dillon (1807–95; ODNB; see TC to JAC, 27 Feb. 1840); both old friends of Carlyles; parents of nine children.
Stanley, Henrietta Blanche (1829–1921), 2nd da. of Lord and Lady Stanley of Alderley; friend and confidante of JWC and admirer of TC; became Lady Airlie, Sept. See Airlie.
Stanley, Maria Josepha, b. Holroyd (1771–1863), dowager Baroness Stanley of Alderley, widow of John Thomas Stanley (1766–1850), 1st Baron and mother of the 2d.
Sterling, Anthony Coningham (1805–71; ODNB; see TC to JAC, 2 Dec. 1836, and later vols.), retired army capt. on half-pay; guardian of his brother John's children, except the elder son, Edward; friend of the Carlyles since 1837, although differences between him and his admired JWC had begun to show; m., 1829, to Charlotte, b. Baird (d. 1863; see JWC to HW, 9 Jan. 1845, and JWC to HW, 9 Jan. 1845), who suffered attacks of insanity and jealousy of JWC.
Sterling, Hester, b. Coningham (d. 1843), John and Anthony's mother; m. Edward Sterling (1773–1847).
Sterling, John (1806–44; see TC to JSM, 27 May 1835), TC's beloved friend. Edward Coningham (b. 1831; see JWC to HW, 9 Jan. 1845), his eldest child, had lived in Manchester with Francis William Newman, his "sole Guardian" according to his father's will. Julia Maria (1836–1910), Catherine Susan (Kate) (1834–60), and Anna Charlotte (Lotta) were his das.
Stirling, Susan, b. Hunter (1799–1877; see JWC to SS, 30 June 1835, and JWC to SS, 8 Jan. 1841), m. to James Stirling (d. 1876), engineer; living in Dundee.
Stirling, William (1818–78; ODNB; see TC to WS, 24 Feb. 1848), historical writer and art expert of Keir, Stirling.
Stodart, John Riddle (d. 1871; see JWC to TC, 5 Sept. 1849), JWC's old suitor; m., 1826, to Jemima Henrietta, b. Brown (1807–65).
Story, William Wetmore (1819–95; see TC to JHLH, 21 June 1850, and 25:biographical note), American sculptor; m., 1843, to Emelyn Eldredge (d. 1894); giving up practice of law in Boston, studied sculpture and painting in Italy, 1847–50; settled permanently in Rome, 1856; friends of the Brownings.
Taylor, Harriet. See Mill.
Taylor, Henry (1800–1886; ODNB; see TC to MAC, 10 Nov. 1831), author and civil servant; m. to Theodosia Alice, b. Spring Rice (1818–91; see JWC to TC, 9 Sept. 1839), Lord Monteagle's da.
Tennyson, Alfred (1809–92; ODNB), poet laureate since 1850; friend of the Carlyles since early 1840s; m., 1850, to Emily Sarah, b. Sellwood (1813–96).
Thackeray, William Makepeace (1811–63; ODNB; see JWC to TC, 3 Aug. 1837, TC to JAC, 3 Aug. 1837, and later vols.), novelist; friend of the Carlyles since 1830s; intimate member of the Ashburton circle; after Vanity Fair (1847–48) and Pendennis (1849–50) began lecturing on the "English Humourists," 1851, and writing Henry Esmond (1852). Anne (Annie) Isabella (1837–1919; ODNB) and Harriet Marian (Minny) (1840–75; ODNB), his das.
Thiers, Louis Adolphe (1797–1877; see TC to LAAL, 20 Oct. 1845), French politician and historian; friend of the Ashburtons; m., 1833, to Elise, b. Dosne (ca. 1812–80); champion of order in the constituent and legislative assemblies in 1851, but arrested and exiled, 2 Dec.
Torrijos, José Maria (1798?–1831), leader of the abortive expedition to Spain in which John Sterling and his Cambridge companions were involved.
Trollope, Frances (1779–1863; ODNB), prolific novelist and writer of travel books in support of her family; mother of Anthony (1815–82; ODNB), novelist.
Tufnell, Edward Carleton (1806–86), asst. poor law commissioner, 1835–74.
Twisleton (often mispelled "Twistleton" by TC), Edward Turner Boyd (1809–74; ODNB), public servant; B.A., Oxford, 1829; fellow of Balliol Coll., 1830–38; barrister, 1835; asst. poor law commissioner, 1839; chief commissioner of the poor laws in Ireland, 1839–49; resigned in protest at govt. policy; investigated public schools in New England, 1850; m., 1852, Ellen Dwight (d. 1862), whom he met in Boston; close and respected friend of the Carlyles.
Varnhagen von Ense, Karl August (1785–1858; see TC to KAVE, 13 Dec. 1837), German soldier, diplomat, and biographer, with whom TC had corresponded since 1837 and whose "Memoirs" he reviewed, 1838 (Works 29:77–117); his curiosity about the Carlyles met through his correspondence with Amalie Bölte; received from TC autograph letters for his collection; m., 1814, Rahel Antonie Friederike, b. Levin (1771–1833; see TC to KAVE, 31 Dec. 1837).
Villiers, Charles Pelham (1802–98; ODNB), official of the court of chancery, 1833–52; M.P. for Wolverhampton, 1835–98.
Walewski, Count Alexandre Florian Joseph Colonna (1810–68), soldier and politician; natural son of Napoleon I and the Polish countess Marie Walewska; naturalized French, 1833, and officer in Algeria, till 1837; French ambassador to Florence, Naples, and Spain and then to Britain, 1851. His first wife (m. 1831) was Lady Catherine Caroline, b. Montagu (d. 1834), younger da. of Lady Sandwich; and his second (m. 1846) was Marianne, b. Ricci (b. 1823).
Warburton, Bartholomew Elliott George (known as Eliot) (1810–52; ODNB), misc. writer, qualified as a barrister; author of Memoirs of Prince Rupert and the Cavaliers, 3 vols. (1849), and The Crescent and the Cross, or, Romance and Realities of Eastern Travel, 2 vols. (1845); friend of Milnes; m., 1848, to Matilda Jane, b. Grove (1820–61).
Wedgwood, Frances (Fanny), b. Mackintosh (1800–1889; see TC to HWE, 11 Dec. 1836), friend of the Carlyles since 1836; m., 1832, to Hensleigh (1803–91; ODNB; see TC to HWE, 11 Dec. 1836), grandson of Josiah Wedgwood of Etruria (1730–95); mathematician and philologist.
Welsh, Alexander (Alick), oldest child of JWC's maternal uncle, John; m., 1848, to Sophy, b. Martin; living in Liverpool.
Welsh, Ann (d. 1877; see TC to JWC, 10 March 1842, and JWC to JW, 26 June 1843), JWC's paternal aunt, living in Edinburgh.
Welsh, Elizabeth (d. 1877; see TC to JWC, 10 March 1842, and JWC to JW, 26 June 1843), JWC's paternal aunt, living in Edinburgh.
Welsh, Grace (1782–1842), JWC's mother.
Welsh, Grace (d. 1867; see TC to JWC, 10 March 1842, and JWC to JW, 26 June 1843), JWC's paternal aunt, living in Edinburgh.
Welsh, Helen (ca. 1813–53), da. of JWC's maternal uncle, John Welsh.
Welsh, Jeannie ("Babbie"), da. of JWC's maternal uncle, John Welsh.
Welsh, John (d. 1853), JWC's maternal uncle; retired brass and copper founder; living at 20 Maryland St., Liverpool; m. to Mary (d. 1838; see TC to AC, 15 Oct. 1838 for her death).
Welsh, John (1824–59; ODNB; see JWC to MW, 20 Aug. 1842), meteorologist; son of JWC's paternal uncle, George (1793–1835), and of Margaret, b. Kissock (1803–88; see JWC to MW, 22 Feb. 1841, and JWC to MW, 28 Feb. 1846); apptd. asst. at Kew Observatory, 1850.
Welsh, John (d. 1860), the youngest child of JWC's maternal uncle, John Welsh.
Welsh, Mary ("Morning Star"), youngest da. of JWC's maternal uncle, John Welsh.
Welsh, Walter (1799–1879), son of JWC's maternal uncle, John Welsh; minister at Auchtertool, Fife, since 1842.
Whitworth, Joseph (1803–87; ODNB; see JWC to HW, 16 Aug. 1846, JWC to TC, 23 Aug. 1846, and TC to JWC, 9 Sept. 1847); mechanical engineer and inventor; m., 1825, Fanny, b. Ankers (d. 1870), youngest da. of a Cheshire farmer; lived at The Firs, Rusholme, Manchester.
Wilberforce, Samuel ("Soapy Sam") (1805–73; ODNB; see TC to JAC, 26 Nov. 1845), bishop of Oxford since 1845; friend of the Ashburtons; rather disliked by TC.
Wilkinson, James John Garth (1812–99; ODNB; see TC to JJGW, 2 Aug. 1838, and TC to RWE, 2 Aug. 1838), physician and Swedenborgian; m., 1840, to Emma Anne, b. Marsh.
Wilson, John (1785–1854; ODNB; see TC to JOFE, 3 June 1820), poet and critic known as "Christopher North"; ed. and leading contributor to Blackwood's Magazine from 1817; creator of Noctes Ambrosianae; prof. of moral philosophy, Edinburgh Univ., 1820–51; known to TC since 1826.
Wilson, Thomas (b. 1811), B.A., Corpus Christi College, Cambridge, 1833; M.A., 1838; curate, St. Peter, Mancroft, Norwich, 1845–47; left Church of England because he could not subscribe to the Thirty-Nine Articles; author of Nozrani in Egypt and Syria (1846; 2d edn., 1848), Catholicity Spiritual and Intellectual (1850), Letter and Spirit of Scripture (1852), and other works; moved to Weimar, ca. 1854, and became tutor to young Englishmen, later (after marriage) a teacher in a women's coll. His Catholicity Spiritual is dedicated: "To THOMAS CARLYLE, an example of Transcendant Genius Hallowed by the Purest Life and the Worthiest Work, this volume is Reverentially and Affectionately inscribed." See 22:introduction and M. Betham-Edwards, Reminiscences (1893) 326–38.
Wiseman, Nicholas Patrick Stephen (1802–65; ODNB), apptd. cardinal, 1850, and head of the new Roman Catholic hierarchy in England.
Woolner, Thomas (1825–92; ODNB), sculptor and poet; member of the Pre-Raphaelite Brotherhood.
Wynn, Charlotte Williams (1807–69; ODNB; see TC to JAC, 17 July 1845), diarist; friend of Varnhagen von Ense.


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Joint Colloquium Distinguished Lecture Series
Ultra-High Efficiency Grid-Connected Power Electronics for Distributed Photovoltaic Systems
Wednesday, March 21, 2012
Brandon J. Pierquet
Social and economic forces, along with inherent limits in energy resources, are driving a need to reduce energy consumption and increase the use of renewable resources. Even modest reductions in the losses associated with the transmission and conversion of energy have a significant cumulative benefit, and play an essential role in meeting these goals. In particular, interest in photovoltaic (PV) systems has increased significantly over the past decade, and with the cost of modules continually dropping, more attention is being focused on how best to manage their integration to the grid while maximizing their energy capture ability. This talk will overview a system level comparison of traditional centralized inverter systems and more recent distributed conversion architectures, focusing on the growth of microinverters. The challenges facing these new low-power single-phase inverter designs will be investigated, emphasizing the energy storage requirement for delivering sinusoidal power to the grid, and the increasing need to achieve high-efficiency operation. In this context, a new single-stage resonant circuit topology will be presented that provides independent control over the energy storage voltage, soft-switching for all semiconductor devices, and full four-quadrant operation with the grid. Other applications of this design will be discussed, including its suitability for use in three-phase systems, solid-state lighting, and multi-port configurations. A brief discussion of alternative PV system architectures will also be included, including sub-module and cell-level configurations, to emphasize further opportunities for interfacing with both present PV materials, and those under development.
Brandon J. Pierquet received his Ph.D. and S.M. degrees in from the Massachusetts Institute of Technology in 2011 and 2006 respectively, and his B.S. degree from the University of Wisconsin-Madison in 2004, all in electrical engineering. After graduating M.I.T. he joined Enphase Energy as a senior design engineer. His research interests include resonant power conversion for ac systems, multi-port converter topologies, embedded system control, and solar energy applications.
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subset: commoncrawl


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Styrene prices, markets & analysis
ICIS provides extensive coverage of the Styrene market. Weekly reports are published in Asia, China, Europe and the US and daily reports are also available for Asia. There are monthly margin reports for Asia, Europe and the US as well as 12-month rolling series reports. The margin reports include short-term changes as well as the longer-range view and give reliable analysis and methodology.
Weekly reports cover contract and spot assessments for the price range over the week and at close of business Friday. Our locally-based expert reporters use market intelligence to give commentary on deals taking place, international trade, production news, supply and demand trends as well as upstream and downstream developments. This up-to-date and trustworthy source of information is a vital tool in the decision-making process.
Our editor gives their expert view
Styrene Overview Transcript
Styrene is a liquid chemical which is used to manufacture a wide range of products in two basic groups: plastic resins and synthetic rubber. The raw materials for styrene are benzene and ethylene which are produced from naphtha in an integrated plant.
In the plastic group, styrene is made into polystyrene, EPS, ABS, SAN and UPR. These resins then go into consumer electronics, office equipment, toys, and automobiles as well as the packaging construction and infrastructure sectors.
The other group that styrene goes into is synthetic rubber like styrene butadiene rubber, and styrene butadiene latex. These synthetic rubbers are then used to make items like automobile tyres and a host of rubber products.
The main merchant market for styrene is China, which has been growing at a relatively high rate annually. The Asian styrene market is spot driven, with values of most term contracts derived from spot prices.
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Market overview
Styrene: Market overview
Updated to Q2 2016
European styrene prices are facing upward pressure in the second quarter, with various turnarounds in the region over April and May limiting product availability. There are also fewer imports arriving from the US Gulf, with volumes diverted towards the higher-priced Asian market. However, the spread of styrene over benzene remains healthy, which would support strong output from ethyl benzene/styrene monomer production units.
Heavy US styrene exports to Asia during the first quarter have slowed on the back of lower consumption and rising inventories in China. That could open the door for exports to move to Europe in the second quarter, if upcoming turnarounds result in tight supply and higher prices. Tight US supply conditions will not improve until after June.
Snug availability in Asia is expected to sustain prices in the second quarter. Several plant turnarounds and production problems are seen to be keeping price buoyant. A slowdown in deep-sea arrivals from the US will also keep supply tight. Meanwhile, market participants continued to monitor crude futures and economic data out of China, with most traders adopting a cautious stance.
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About Styrene
Pure styrene is a colourless to yellow, oily liquid that evaporates easily and has a sweet smell. Styrene is highly flammable, forms explosive mixtures in air, is dangerous when exposed to flame, heat or oxidants and on decomposition, emits acrid fumes.
Styrene is mainly used in the manufacture of homopolymers and copolymers. These include polystyrene (PS), expandable polystyrene (EPS), styrene copolymers (such as acrylonitrile-butadiene-styrene (ABS) resins, styrene-acrylonitrile (SAN) and styrene-butadiene latexes), styrene-butadiene rubber (SBR) and unsaturated polyester resins.
Styrene is produced predominately by ethylbenzene (EB)-based technology. EB is first made by the catalytic alkylation of benzene with ethylene and then dehydrogenated to styrene. The coproduction of styrene with propylene oxide (PO) by the PO/SM process had been gaining popularity.
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Alibaba from Netherlands. Sent 28 Aug 2012.
This is simply just the best coffeeshop. I am coming here now for over a year and never disappointed. The menu is still Powerplant, White widdow and Aminisia (I know it is spelled differently but that is their way). The Aminisia is the best I have smoked for a long time. The place where you can chill is very big and has a pool table. And the friendliest guy sells weed with a smile. Yes we can!
Shane from Netherlands. Sent 18 Apr 2009.
For living so close to it, I appreciate the quality of the weed. The hash is so-so but, for being in De Bilt, the weed is top notch. Ranging in bags from 8 euros 16 euros and 24. Not a place to go everyday, I tend to just train it to Soest (Hacas) or Amerfoort (Horizon) or the many others in Utrecht for better variety but still this is a great last minute "o shit I need to grab coffeeshop".
Dubhead from Netherlands. Sent 23 Sep 2008.
The ambiance of this place is quite boring. Most of the time it's very quiet with no more than about three people sitting there. The only fun you can have here is at the pool table. They serve a small menu with two kinds of weed and two kinds of hash. The quality is above average, surprisingly good for such a small town. Friendly people. Not a place to hang out, but great as take-away.
How to post comments
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I'm not sure what I'm going to make with it yet, perhaps some cushion covers?
A trip to the country
December 14, 2008
With all the dreary weather we've been having in Melbourne these past few days, I've been dreaming of a trip to somewhere nice and sunny where you can wander among rustling trees and enjoy some fresh country air. So it's only natural that my Sunday Stash fabric this week is this gorgeous linen!
Posted by Rabbit and the Duck at 8:09 AM
Labels: sunday stash
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I enjoy being able to see into the kitchen when I'm dining out, because sometimes I learn things, and also because what's going on in there is an indication of how good the Chef is. It takes guts to expose the behind the scenes stuff to diners, and it takes a prepared, coordinated, and skilled team to keep kitchen activities from resembling chaos.
You can see the small kitchen from just about every seat in the house at Limon, which gets my vote for the best new restaurant in San Francisco in the last year or so, and also gets my vote for the quietest kitchen I've seen in a while. The kitchen at Limon has enough space for 2 or 3 people to slide back and forth between the countertop and the stovetop and executive chef Martin Castillo does a great job of keeping it calm and keeping it clean, all the while churning out mouthwatering, classic Peruvian dishes and innovative latin-fusion creations.
I've been there a few times and I have to force myself not to keep getting the same things that I had the very first time I went. Even just thinking about their mixed seafood ceviche and the churrasco style rib eye with garlic and chive rub makes my mouth water. Fresh ingredients, fine spices, and an eclectic mix of different flavors, textures, and colors make for a delightful dining experience.
I suggest slurping your way through the Parihuela (Peruvian Bouillabaisse), which has mixed seafood cooked 'til just tender in a savory, transparent red broth of tomato and red pepper. Or if you're looking for something more substantial, try the Chuleton Carlitos, a Niman Ranch pork chop gently placed on a mix of grilled cabbage and potatoes with mushroom sauce.
The wine list is compact, like the restaurant, but creative in its selections, and it also includes a number of half-bottles which make dining alone or with just one other person easier on the budget. Their corkage fee is only $10 so I've gotten in the habit of bringing my own wine.
Limon is another perfect expression of the boutique restaurant style I recently wrote about. The scale of this restaurant is matched appropriately by its decor, which relies on modern, bright, solid colors and a repeated theme of squares, which are mirrored in the art on the walls as well as the tables. The dishes and the desserts -- they make a great creme caramel -- are delicately arranged without being too artsy (no architectural food here) yet they show a sensitivity to form and color.
Limon is tucked away in nowere-land-17th street in the Mission between Valencia and Mission street, which means that parking can be a challenge and some may not be comfortable walking alone later in the evening. As the restaurant is small, I recommend making reservations in advance, and be advised they do not take reservations for parties smaller than 4 on Fridays and Saturdays. So take 3 friends, a good bottle of Rioja and enjoy !
How much?: $30-40 per person depending on how much you can resist the temptation to order many of their appetizers and small plates.
3316 17th Street between Mission and Valencia
San Francisco, CA 94110
415.252.0918 tel
415.252.0000 fax
[email protected]
A wine book like no other. Photographs, essays, and wine recommendations. 2015 Roederer Award Winner.Learn more.
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There's a new dog on patrol
Retired police dog adjusts to living with his replacement
Aloysia Power
SOUDAN – Dodging between the scattered white ladders, ramps and barrels on a clearing of land visible from Hwy. 26, a slender, thick-haired German Shepherd makes his way back to his owner.
"Good boy," says St. Louis County Sheriff Deputy Tim Officer, patting him on the head.
The young dog perks his ears and readies himself for more agility drills.
The two go at this for a few more drills and then drive home to their house in Soudan where Louie is rewarded with his Kong rubber-chew toy.
"You want them to enjoy doing it for you," Officer said about making training fun for police dogs.
The St. Louis County Sheriff's soon-to-be canine officer, Louie, who's almost a year-and-a-half old, spent his first year in the Czech Republic. In mid-March, he and a pack of other police dogs – also known as K-9s – boarded a plane to the Twin Cities.
From there, he spent 12 weeks in the Twin Cities training with Officer and other policemen and dogs.
Officer, who will entrust Louie with his life while on the job, said Louie will be ready to begin his service as an official officer on July 4.
"He's very attentive," said Officer.
And he's also a dynamo.
"He just has so much more energy than Rico does," Officer's wife, Karen said. Rico is Officer's nine-year-old K-9 German Shepherd who retires from active duty on June 22.
While Rico lounges on the living room floor, Louie snoops around the house, ducking between table legs and underneath counters.
"It's a nice problem to have," Officer said about the dog's hyperactivity. "You can take advantage of play-drive."
The inert drive within canines to play and seek prey are what K-9 trainers utilize in training sessions.
"If we want them to find somebody in the woods, we agitate them, then run into the woods and have them run after us," said Officer. "We turn it into a game."
Before Louie came from the Czech Republic, he was partially trained in tracking and handler protection.
During his training in the Twin Cities, he and Officer developed upon these acquired skills and learned narcotics detection and agility training, as well as building and area search for lost persons and crime-scene evidence.
"If I ask him to find a person or drugs, he'll find them," said Officer.
The foreign dogs also had to adjust to moving in unfamiliar environments such as slippery linoleum floors and stairways during the training program. Most of the Czech Republic has neither feature, said Officer.
"They're very tentative if they can't get the feel of (the ground) – if they can't grip it with their toe nails," said Officer.
Along with the new environment, the K-9s have a new language to take on. To switch Louie over to English, Officer said he'd give the verbal command in Czech followed by the English command. Physical commands also helped with the transition, he said.
Throughout the year, Officer and Louie will continue to train together for at least 16 hours every month. They must keep up their working relationship in order to do police work and to pass annual Narcotics Detection and Police Dog One certification tests.
"It's important to make sure my tool will work when I need it to," said Officer.
Louie and Rico aren't just tools, however, they're also a part of the Officer family.
"They go to work with me," said Officer. "They sleep the same time I do. They're with me 24-7."
The Officers take them for walks, play fetch with them in the backyard, and let them wander around their house at ease like any typical pet-owner would.
At the same time, the Officers uphold a strict hierarchy in their home, with the family on top and the dogs at the bottom.
"They know they aren't the leaders of the pack," said Officer.
But, when it comes to the dogs' relationship, the Officers prohibit any social hierarchy. They each eat and play with their toys separately in order to eliminate competition and any motive for aggression towards one another.
If the K-9s do happen to fight, Officer said he couldn't interfere. He has to let the brawl run its course; otherwise, the dogs may hesitate to protect themselves while on the job in the future.
It's in their nature to protect both themselves and Officer in times of action.
Rico, who's been serving Officer all of his life and is now too "heavy" and old to keep up with the physical demands of the job, is having a hard time transitioning into retirement and being away from Officer.
"When he can't find Tim, he's annoyed," said Karen. "He doesn't know how to be a house dog."
During his time as an officer, Rico found a lost hunter in Angora, twice sniffed out hidden guns used in separate crimes, and found two people who hid from police after threatening suicide. Plus, he apprehended 10 suspects after tracking and biting them.
Rico also earned trophies in agility and drug narcotics at the regional competition level. It was an illustrious career for any member of the force.
"He's earned his retirement," said Officer.
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Ronda [1] is a town in Malaga in Spain. Set in and around a deep gorge spanned by an impressive bridge, the relaxing atmosphere here is a great break from some of the more tourist-ridden places on the south coast of Spain, however it can still be packed with day-trippers from the Costa del Sol, especially during the peak summer months.
Get in[edit]
Ronda is easy to get to by train from Madrid or regional trains and is a good day trip from the Costa del Sol resorts. The main railway station, located approximately five minutes from the central bus station, is just a few blocks from the centre of town.
The easiest way to get to Ronda from Malaga is by bus. Los Amarillos buses cost around €9 and takes about two hours to get to Ronda.
Get around[edit]
Ronda is a small town, easily navigable on foot. Ensure you are well hydrated through out the day.
Note: there are many water fountains located through out the old town... which you can drink from. However be careful of very high water pressure which may cause splashing!
See[edit][add listing]
Do[edit][add listing]
Buy[edit][add listing]
There are plenty of ATMs dotted about the main commercial district.
Eat[edit][add listing]
Avoid the restaurants in the tourist area during the day, as they are overpriced and often only full of other tourists! Look for smaller cafes and bars. A quick breakfast usually consists of toast (pan tostada) and coffee (cafe con leche--coffee with milk; be sure to add the pack of sugar always served with it for a real treat.) If you are looking for an inexpensive snack or lunch, any bar will be able to make you a sandwich (bocadillo) with your choice of ham, cheese, or tomato. Also, look for bakeries (pastelerias), as Spain has some of the finest pastries around.
Drink[edit][add listing]
Near Ronda, high quality wines are produced in small wineries. Also you can find "Anis del Tajo".
Sleep[edit][add listing]
There are plenty of hotels in the area of town tourists are likely to want to stay, on some streets it looks like more of the buildings are hotels than are not.
Alternatively: there is a community of locals that invite travelers to live in their houses called Escuela Entrelenguas. They have a Facebook page and are listed on Airbnb. It can sometimes be a much better deal than the "hotels" in town, and fits more closely to the budget category.
Get out[edit]
Ronda is a district hub for the bus services to other pueblo blanco towns and villages such as Montejaque, Benaojan and Zahara la Sierra. Most of these villages have at least one weekday service, while others have up to three services a day.WikiPedia:Ronda


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Board and Administrative Officers
Financial Aid and Scholarships
Academic Facilities and Resources
University Centers and Research Units
Dale Bumpers College of Agricultural, Food and Life Sciences
J. William Fulbright College of Arts and Sciences
Sam M. Walton College of Business
College of Education and Health Professions
Reserve Officer Training Corps
Appendix A, Student Residence Status for Fee Purposes
2003-2004 Catalog of Studies
SOCI2013 General Sociology (FA, SP, SU) Group relations, culture, personality, social institutions, collective behavior, and social change.
SOCI2013H Honors General Sociology (FA, SP, SU) Group relations, culture, personality, social institutions, collective behavior, and social change.
SOCI2033 Social Problems (FA, SP, SU) Social disorganization, social strains, and deviant behavior, including consideration of war, poverty, ethnic relations, delinquency, drug addiction, mental illness, and population problems.
SOCI2043 Marriage and the Family (FA) A sociological analysis of courtship, marriage, and parenthood patterns including gender relations in and diverse forms of contemporary American families.
SOCI3013 Population and Society (SP, Odd years) The social significance of population; population distribution and composition; population trends; and problems of the population.
SOCI3023 Criminology (FA, SP, SU) A survey of theories of crime causation, development of law, corrections, victimization, and police and policy. (Same as CMJS 3023) Prerequisite: SOCI 2013 or SOCI 2033.
SOCI3033 American Minorities (FA) A sociological approach to the study of the culture, lifestyles, contemporary issues and the psycho-social well-being of minority groups in America. Prerequisite: SOCI 2013.
SOCI3043 Contemporary Caribbean (SP) The background, development, social organization, problems, and prospects of the contemporary people of the Caribbean Islands and related territories.
SOCI3103 Religion and Society (SP) Comparative study of religious organization, beliefs, practitioners, and rituals. Examination of major social science issues in the study of religion. (Same as ANTH 3103)
SOCI3123 Sociology of Work (SP) Study of the social organization of work, changing work roles, theories of work.
SOCI3133 Urban Structure and Change (FA) Static and dynamic nature of urban structure and the role of space as social factor with attention on efforts to revitalize residential neighborhoods in central city areas. Prerequisite: junior standing.
SOCI3153 Urban Sociology (FA) The processes of urbanization; the nature of urban social organization; the impact of urban culture on non-urban society; implications for policy and planning; including study of foreign as well as American communities. Prerequisite: SOCI 2013.
SOCI3193 Race, Class, and Gender in America (FA) Introduction to sociological theories and research on social inequality in the United States. Course focuses on the three prominent lines of social division in this society: class, gender, and race. Prerequisite: SOCI 2013.
SOCI3203 Corrections (FA) A study of the origins, development, and practices related to corrections, including incarceration, community corrections and supervision, and intermediate sanctions. (Same as CMJS 3203) Prerequisite: CMJS 2003.
SOCI3223 Social Psychology (FA) Current theories and research in social interaction, with emphasis on symbolic processes, role theory, theories of interpersonal behavior, socialization, and the relation of institutional structures to individual behavior. Prerequisite: SOCI 2013.
SOCI3233 Collective Behavior (FA, SU) Emergent non-institutional groups, such as crowds, public and social movements, their genesis, process, effect, termination, and control. Prerequisite: SOCI 2013.
SOCI3253 Cultures of the South (SP) Survey of the diverse ethnic and racial groups of the American South with special emphasis on social and cultural traits related to contemporary developments. (Same as ANTH 3253)
SOCI3303 Social Data and Analysis (FA, SP) An introduction to descriptive and inferential statistics with special emphasis on those techniques most commonly used in social research. Corequisite: SOCI 3301L. Prerequisite: SOCI 2013.
SOCI3301L Social Data and Analysis Laboratory (FA, SP) Applied statistics lab to accompany SOCI 3303. Corequisite: SOCI 3303.
SOCI3313 Social Research (FA, SP) Study and experience in current methods of social research with emphasis on sociological measurement and design. Prerequisite: SOCI 2013 and SOCI 3303.
SOCI3333 Anthropology of Ethnicity (SP) Anthropological approaches to the study of race and ethnicity, with reference to other models such as gender, nation, and class. Case studies drawn from Western and non-Western societies, and from pre-colonial and post colonial periods. (Same as ANTH 3333)
SOCI3723 Deviant Behavior (FA) Prevalence, theories, stereotypical responses, and treatment programs for behaviors such as vagrancies, alcoholism, violence, and sexual deviancy that deviate from social norms.
SOCI3923H Honors Colloquium (IR) Covers a special topic or issue, offered as part of the honors program. May be repeated. Prerequisite: honors candidacy (not restricted to candidacy in sociology).
SOCI399VH Honors Course (1-6) (FA, SP) May be repeated for 12 hours. Prerequisite: junior standing.
SOCI4003 Internship in Sociology (FA, SP, SU) (Formerly SOCI 4006) Supervised experience in municipal, county, or state agencies, or any other agency that is approved by the instructor. Prerequisite: SOCI 2013.
SOCI4001 Proseminar in Sociology (IR) Forum for students and faculty to present and discuss research interests.
SOCI401V Special Topics in Sociology (1-6) (SP) Designed to cover specialized topics not usually presented indepth in regular courses. May be repeated for 6 hours. Prerequisite: SOCI 2013.
SOCI4023 Social Theory (FA) Nineteenth and 20th century sociological theory. Present-day currents in sociology are studied and related to political, philosophical, and psychological contemporary thought. Prerequisite: SOCI 2013 and junior standing.
SOCI403V Individual Study in Sociology (1-3) (FA, SP, SU) A reading and conference course on special topics in sociology for advanced students.
SOCI4043 Seminar in Sociology (SP) Prerequisite: senior standing.
SOCI4053 Political Sociology (IR) Analysis of political institutions and movements in relation to power, social class, ideology, and related variables.
SOCI4063 Organizations in Society (FA) An introduction to the study of organizations; provides a broad overview of issues and problems related to organizations in society. Prerequisite: SOCI 2013
SOCI4073 Peoples of East Africa (FA) The major institutional structures, dynamics and problems of the Africans, Asians, and Europeans of contemporary Uganda, Kenya, Tanzania, Somalia, Sudan, and Ethiopia. Prerequisite: SOCI 2013.
SOCI4083 Sociology of Medicine (IR) The sociological characteristics of sickness to include primitive medicine, the evolution of medicine, the organization of medical care, the relation between disease and the social environment, and the impact of ill health on society. Prerequisite: SOCI 2013.
SOCI4093 Sociology of Poverty (FA, Even years) The incidence and composition of poverty: educational and economic strategies for attacking poverty problems. Prerequisite: SOCI 2013.
SOCI4123 Black Ghetto (FA, SP) The origin, continuity, problems, and personalities, of the Black American community and its contributions to national and international life. Prerequisite: SOCI 2013.
SOCI4133 The Family (SP) A sociological analysis of the interactions and relationships that constitute the family as a group and as an institution, to include issues of gender and family diversity. Prerequisite: SOCI 2013 or SOCI 2033.
SOCI4163 Extremism (SP) Descriptions of, explanations for, religious cults and extremist political groups in America, including question(s) of appropriate response to them. Prerequisite: junior standing.
SOCI4203 Gender and Society (SP) Variations in gender roles, self-concepts and societal expectations, by generation, social class, and ethnic group; the present and changing statuses of men and women in society. Prerequisite: SOCI 2013 or HUMN 2003.
SOCI4213 Seminar in Violence (IR) Explanations for, consequences of, and possible responses to individual, collective, and institutional violence; comparisons between socially acceptable and unacceptable forms of violence. Prerequisite: junior standing.
SOCI4313 Language and Society of Japan (FA) The primary objective of this course is to investigate the way the Japanese language reflects the beliefs and custom of the Japanese people as a social group. For comparison purposes, this course makes reference to studies in American language and culture. Proficiency in Japanese not required. (Same as AIST 4313, COMM 4313) Prerequisite: junior standing.
SOCI4603 Environmental Sociology (SP) The course provides a social perspective on environmental issues. It examines the linkage between society, ecological systems and the physical environment. It provides conceptual framework(s) for analyzing environmental issues, considers the role of humans in environmental issues, and enhances understanding the complexity of the relationship between societal organization and environmental change.
SOCI500V Advanced Problems in Sociology (1-6) (FA, SP, SU) Individual research on problems or problem areas. Prerequisite: graduate standing.
SOCI5013 Advanced Social Research (FA) Supervised field experience and other projects in social research. Prerequisite: SOCI 2013 and SOCI 3301L and SOCI 3303 and SOCI 3313.
SOCI5023 Sociology of Education (IR) Sociological theory and research relevant to education, the school as a social system, professionalization and career patterns of teachers, value conflicts, social stratification, role relationships, and other factors. Prerequisite: graduate standing.
SOCI5053 Advanced General Sociology (IR) Advanced survey of the discipline and profession of sociology, including designation of the subject matter of sociology and relation to other disciplines, models of society and people, social units and social processes, methods, and sociology as a profession. Prerequisite: graduate standing.
SOCI5083 Methods of Field Research (SP) An introduction to research strategies including intensive interviewing, participant observational fieldwork, content analysis, historical analysis, and comparative research. Emphasis on the practical aspects of designing and executive research involving multiple methods of data gathering and analysis. Prerequisite: graduate standing.
SOCI5113 Seminar in Social Inequality (FA) Major theories of stratification; types of stratification systems, comparisons of modern and traditional systems; emergent trends. Prerequisite: SOCI 4023 or SOCI 5053.
SOCI5133 Contemporary Community Systems (SP, Even years) Community human and physical systems and their relationships in a changing environment, quantitative evaluation of essential public services. Prerequisite: graduate standing.
SOCI5153 Sociological Perspective on Social Psychology (SP) Principles, concepts and methods used in analyzing effects of social structures and processes on the self and interaction. Topics include exchange theory, role analysis, symbolic interactionism, social construction of reality, socialization, interpersonal competence, organizational and leadership development, social dislocation, and stress. Prerequisite: graduate standing.
SOCI5173 Seminar in Social System Model Construction (IR) Methods and on-going research examples of data-based model construction for social system analysis. Emphasis on practical student projects in model construction and verification. Prerequisite: STAT 4003 or STAT 4033 or equivalent.
SOCI5233 Theories of Deviance (FA, Even years) A survey of major theories-classical, developmental, ecological, functionalist, conflict, subcultural, control, and phenomenological-explaining morally condemned differences in society. Particular emphasis is on practical implications of each perspective for policy and social control. Prerequisite: graduate standing.
SOCI5253 Classical Social Theory (FA) A survey of social theory up to the late 20th century. An introduction to the classical sociological themes that continue to inform research, analysis, and policy formation. Major issues will include the relationship between the individual and the community, and the sources of stability, conflict, and change. Prerequisite: graduate standing.
SOCI5263 Contemporary Social Theory (SP) Analysis of contemporary social theories & major theoretical debates. Emphasis is on critical evaluation & application of theoretical perspectives to current social issues affecting families and communities. Prerequisite: SOCI 5253.
SOCI5313 Applied Data Analysis (SP) Covers basic concepts and applications of the general linear model to a variety of sociological research issues and problems. Also provides an introduction to binary dependent and multivariate categorical data analysis for sociological research. Prerequisite: SOCI 3303 or an equivalent course in statistics. Familiarity with statistical computer programs is assumed.
SOCI5311L Applied Data Analysis Laboratory (SP) Provides instruction for data transformations required for the advanced statistical procedures used in the Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS). Also provides instruction in the use of advanced statistical procedures covered in SOCI 5313. Corequisite: SOCI 5313. Prerequisite: SOCI 3303 and SOCI 3301L.
SOCI5403 Survey Methods (IR) Introduction to techniques of social survey research. Focuses on the development of survey research instruments and their construction. Measurement techniques are examined including issues of reliability and validity, scaling, and index construction. Elementary sampling considerations are discussed in the applied context of research. Techniques of file generation and manipulation relative to survey research are examined. Prerequisite: SOCI 3303 or equivalent.
SOCI5506 Research Internship (FA, SP) Supervised research experience in field setting. Prerequisite: graduate standing.
SOCI600V Master's Thesis (1-6) (FA, SP, SU)
SOCI6043 Public Policy, Children and Families (IR) The study of the impact of public policy on children and families, and the ways in which policies are created, modified, and changed. Includes the history of public policy concerning children and families.
The University of Arkansas is a nationally competitive, student-centered research university serving Arkansas and the world.
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"Fans of the comics and of the games should be able to come together over this book. It's got absolutely breathtaking art paired with backstory and details that will really help immerse you into Cybertron and the two factions at war there," says John Barber, IDW TRANSFORMERS editor and writer. "This is the kind of book you display on your coffee table and keep coming back to. You can easily lose an afternoon (or several) admiring the detailed work seen here."
This edition of TRANSFORMERS: Art of the Fall of Cybertron will be presented in an exclusive to IDW Limited cover and housed in a custom-built slipcase featuring unique art elements. Limited to only 250 copies, each book will include a special hardcover portfolio containing 10 limited-edition lithographs.
Art of the Fall of Cybertron chronicles the development of the sequel to 2010's TRANSFORMERS: War for Cybertron by High Moon Studios. The game was an award-winning success, portraying the world of the TRANSFORMERS in a way that hadn't been done in previous adaptations, and the sequel built upon that success to reach even greater heights.
This title is the second limited-edition TRANSFORMERS release from IDW Limited and comes on the heels of their TRANSFORMERS: The IDW Collection (Vol. 1), a book that experienced almost instant sell-outs in both Blue and Black Label categories. Autobot fans and Decepticon enthusiasts will have plenty more to covet in the coming months as well.
TRANSFORMERS: ART OF THE FALL OF CYBERTRON DELUXE LIMITED EDITION (RED-$100.00; 200 pages; 9" x 12"; hardcover) is now available for pre-order.


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David Bruckner, writer/director of the "Amateur Night" segment in the horror anthology "V/H/S," is in negotiations to direct Paramount's 'Friday the 13th' reboot. This according to a report by TheWrap.
This is not the first time Camp Crystal Lake has gotten the reboot treatment. In 2009, the Marcus Nispel directed "Friday the 13th" reboot failed to strike a chord with fans and critics alike.
The original "Friday the 13th" was released in 1980; it redefined the horror genre, spawning a slew of sequels.
Plot details for the film have been kept under wraps; however in an interview with Crave Online, Producer Brad Fuller revealed the reboot may take a found footage approach. One thing is certain though, it will involve Jason Vorhees killing a lot of sex-crazed teens.
Paramount has set a Friday, March 13, 2015 release date for the reboot.


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Cara Hart
Coordinator of Cooperative Services
(860) 524-4021
"Cooperative purchasing has been great for our district. Our membership more than paid for itself on just our first order through the program."
- Bob Carroll
Business Manager
Coventry Public Schools
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Cooperative Purchasing - Save Time and Money
CREC brings the buying power of many school districts, municipalities and non-profit organizations together to offer numerous savings opportunities. We try to make cooperative purchasing as simple as possible, so that school districts, towns and non-profit organizations save money AND time.
CREC's philosophy regarding cooperatively bid programs encompasses the following:
- All bids must be publicized so that all vendors have an opportunity to respond
- All bids are evaluated and awarded based upon the total offer – lowest price, ability to offer the exact product requested, ability to deliver and customer service
CREC has a two-fold approach to these offers. First, when feasible, CREC develops its own competitively bid programs. Secondly, CREC sponsors and promotes national competitively bid programs to complement CREC's in-state offers. With this philosophy, CREC taps into the expertise of other programs who offer value and competitive prices.
These local and national programs are available to all public and private school districts, towns and municipalities, libraries and non-profit organizations. We continually do research to understand the market, improve our offers, and work with vendors to resolve problems. Our programs are endorsed by CT RESC Alliance and are available to districts throughout the state and throughout New England.
CREC's Cooperative Purchasing program is one more way that we provide cost-effective solutions to public education challenges.
The PEPPM and AEPA programs are open to all. To access the CT Consortium for Cooperative Purchasing, you must first become a member by completing the application here.


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Spherical Ekinoid Shelter is a Self-Sufficient, Disaster-Proof Prefab Home
Start Slideshow
- Ekinoid Copper ModelThe Ekinoid Project is a spherical self-sufficient home designed to provide sustainable housing for the masses. The prefabricated shelter is elevated on stilts and built to withstand disaster due to floods or storms. The home is powered by wind and solar power, and it collects rainwater, recycles grey water, and includes a hydroponics garden for growing food. This steampunk-style copper model was built as a prototype in preparation for assembling a full-size version.1
- Ekinoid Copper ModelAn Ekinoid Home is 34 feet in diameter and sits elevated above the ground on supports.2
- Ekinoid Copper ModelAccessed via a spiral staircase, which also doubles as the hydroponic garden, the home provides 2,500 sq ft (239 sq m) of storage and living space - plenty large enough for a family of four.3
- Ekinoid Copper ModelA wind turbine mounted on the top coupled with solar power would provide off-grid energy.4
- Ekinoid Copper ModelRainwater collected from the exterior is treated and utilized, then greywater is recycled and treated along with blackwater.5
- Ekinoid Copper Model6
- Ekinoid Copper ModelThe idea is that each home is prefabricated and shipped to the site where only a small crew of unskilled workers is needed to put it together in less than a week.7
- Ekinoid Copper ModelResidents of the new home are then skilled to help new crews build more houses and provide assistance during construction.8
- Ekinoid Copper ModelSince no infrastructure, like water or power lines, are needed, the homes could be built almost anywhere even areas that are prone to flooding.9
- Ekinoid Copper ModelThe homes can also be built on top of grazing land as they are elevated and animals can pass underneath.10
- Ekinoid Copper ModelWhile a full-size version has not been constructed, the designers of the Ekinoid project hope to sell the kits at around $78,000 each, which does not include furnishings or the hydroponic system or construction labor.11
- Ekinoid Copper ModelTheir copper model was an experiment in the assembly of the structure and they have since built a smaller clay model that is easier to transport and show off.12
- Ekinoid Copper ModelRendering of the Ekinoid home.13
- Ekinoid Copper ModelMultple Ekinoid houses can be joined together and accessed via connections on the stairwells.14
- Ekinoid Copper ModelRendering of an Ekinoid house.15