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|Comments | Additions/Updates
Radioactivity in NatureOur world is radioactive and has been since it was created. Over 60 radionuclides can be found in nature, and they can be placed in three general categories:
Radionuclides are found in air, water and soil, and additionally in us, being that we are products of our environment. Every day, we ingest/inhale nuclides in the air we breathe, in the food we eat and the water we drink. Radioactivity is common in the rocks and soil that makes up our planet, in the water and oceans, and even in our building materials and homes. It is just everywhere. There is no where on Earth that you can get away from Natural Radioactivity.
Note: Many of the units used in science are broken down into smaller units or expressed as multiples, using standard metric prefixes. As examples, a kilobecquerel (kBq) in 1000 becquerels, a millirad (mrad) is 10-3 rad, a microrem (µrem) is 10-6 rem, a nanogram is 10-9 grams, and a picocurie is a 10-12 curies. These are examples of units used frequently throughout this short paper. To find definitions of terms you're not familiar with, look on our glossary page.
Common abbreviations used on this page are: m - meter, m3 - cubic meter, g - gram, kg - kilogram, Bq - becquerel, Sv - sievert, Gy - gray, Ci - curie, ppm - parts per million, yr- year, hr - hour, L - liter
Radioactive elements are often called radioactive isotopes or radionuclides. There are over 1,500 different radioactive nuclides. They can be labeled based on the element and on the atomic weight, as in radioactive hydrogen (tritium) or Hydrogen 3. Radionuclide names are often abbreviated using the chemical symbol and the atomic weight, so that Uranium 235 would be shortened to U-235 or 235U.
Much of the information and many of tables found here are adapted from information found in Environmental Radioactivity from Natural, Industrial and Military Sources by Merril Eisenbud and Tom Gesell, Academic Press, Inc. 4th Edition. Other tables are adapted from the National Council on Radiation Protection reports 94 and 95. References are listed at the bottom of this page. Several of the tables below were made from calculation based on available data.
This page is best viewed with a browser that is capable of using tables and superscripts.
In the United States, the annual estimated average effective dose equivalent is 360 mrem per adult. This is broken down as:
Shown in the table above, 82% of the total average annual effective dose is from natural sources of radiation, and of that, most is from radon. Of the other 18%, the majority is from medical diagnosis and treatments, with <1% from nuclear power and fallout.
This can perhaps be more easily seen with a graph (6K)
See Radiation and Us for more info on average U.S. doses of radiation.
United States Geological Survey map of estimated total gamma exposure for the U.S. (78 k)
Primordial radionuclides
Primordial radionuclides are left over from when the world and the universe were created. They are typically long lived, with half-lives often on the order of hundreds of millions of years. Radionuclides that exist for more than 30 half-lives are not measurable. The progeny or decay products of the long lived radionuclides are also in this heading. Here are few of what we are talking about:
Some nuclides, like 232Th have
several members in their decay chains. You can roughly follow the chain
starting with 232Th
232Th --> 228Ra
--> 228Ac --> 228Th --> 224Ra
Some other primordial radionuclides are: 50V, 87Rb, 113Cd, 115In, 123Te, 138La, 142Ce, 144Nd, 147Sm, 152Gd, 174Hf, 176Lu, 187Re, 190Pt, 192Pt, 209Bi.
United States Geological Survey Digital maps of estimated potassium, equivalent uranium-238, equivalent thorium-232 concentrations for the U.S.
Cosmic radiation permeates all of space, the source being primarily outside of our solar system. The radiation is in many forms, from high speed heavy particles to high energy photons and muons. The upper atmosphere interacts with many of the cosmic radiations, and produces radioactive nuclides. They can have long half-lives, but the majority have shorter half-lives than the primordial nuclides. Here is an table with some common cosmogenic nuclides:
Some other cosmogenic radionuclides are 10Be, 26Al, 36Cl, 80Kr, 14C, 32Si, 39Ar, 22Na, 35S, 37Ar, 33P, 32P, 38Mg, 24Na, 38S, 31Si, 18F, 39Cl, 38Cl, 34mCl.
Human Produced
Humans have used radioactivity for one hundred years, and through its use, added to the natural inventories. The amounts are small compared to the natural amounts discussed above, and due to the shorter half-lives of many of the nuclides, have seen a marked decrease since the halting of above ground testing of nuclear weapons. Here are a few nuclides:
Other Interesting Aspects of Natural Radioactivity
Natural Radioactivity in soil
How much natural radioactivity is found in an area 1 square mile, by 1 foot deep? The following table is calculated for this volume (total volume is 7.894 x 105 m3) and the listed activities. Activity levels vary greatly depending on soil type, mineral make-up and density (~1.58 g/cm3). This table represents calculations using typical numbers.
Natural Radioactivity in the Ocean
How much natural radioactivity is found in the world's oceans?
All water on the Earth, including seawater, contains radionuclides in it. In the following table, the oceans' volumes were calculated from the 1990 World Almanac:
The activities used in the table below are from 1971 Radioactivity in the Marine Environment, National Academy of Sciences:
Human body
You are made up of chemicals, and it should be of no surprise that some of them are radionuclides, many of which you ingest daily in your water and food. Here are the estimated concentrations of radionuclides calculated for a 70,000 gram adult based ICRP 30 data:
It would be reasonable to assume that all of the radionuclides found in your environment would be in you in small amounts. The average annual dose equivalent from internally deposited radionuclides is given in the table at the top of this page.
Natural Radioactivity in Building Materials
As mentioned before, building materials have some radioactivity in them. Listed below are a few common building materials and their estimated levels of uranium, thorium and potassium.
' Chang et al, 1974 " Hamilton, 1970
Oklo Natural Reactor
Adapted from August 1976 Scientific American article on Oklo by Cowan.
In 1972, natural nuclear reactor was found in a Western Africa in the Republic of Gabon, at Oklo. While the reactor was critical, approximately 1.7 billion years ago, it released 15,000 megawatt-years of energy by consuming six tons of uranium. It operated over several hundred thousand years at low power.
It was discovered by a French mining geologist while assaying samples for the Oklo Uranium mine. Today, the fissionable Uranium 235 has an natural abundance of 0.7202%, but the scientist noticed some samples from Oklo to be 0.7171%. While this difference was small, it led the scientists to take a look closer at the Oklo site. Later, samples were found that were even more depleted, down to 0.44%. This difference could only be explained if some of the fuel, the 235U, had been used up in a fission reaction. Upon further investigation, abnormally high amounts of fission products were found in six separate reactor zones.
Like present day power reactors, a natural reactor would require several special conditions, namely fuel, a moderator, a reflector, lack of neutron absorbing poisons and some way to remove the heat generated. At Oklo, the area was naturally loaded with uranium by water transport and deposition. The concentration of Uranium 235 is artificially enriched for most modern reactors, but at the time of the Oklo reactor it was naturally enriched with an abundance of approximately 3%. This is because when the world was formed, there was a certain amount of 235U, and it has been decaying ever since. So, because 235U has a shorter half-life than 238U, one billion years ago ,235U made up a larger percentage of the natural uranium. The 3% 235U was enough for a sustained nuclear reaction. Oklo site was saturated with groundwater, which served as a moderator, reflector and cooling for the fission reaction. There was a lack of poisons before the reaction began, and fission products like xenon and neodymium serve as neutron absorbing poisons, absorbing neutrons, acting to limit the power.
To confirm that there was a natural fission reactor, the scientists started looking for other evidence. First they wanted to look for some element that might have been produced in a reactor, but would have little natural occurrence else where. They looked at several, and neodymium gave strong indications that the reactor had indeed operated. Neodymium has seven stable isotopes, but only six are fission products. The abundance of the neodymium at Oklo sites was compared to other areas and to the neodymium found in modern reactors. Once the samples were compared, the abundance of neodymium was found to be almost exactly that found in present day reactors. All in all, the fission products studied matched what would have been the result of a sustained nuclear reaction. There is even evidence that the reactor bread its own fuel, bombarding the 238U with neutrons, making the easily fissionable 239Pu.
Some other interesting information has come out of this, over half of the thirty fission products found there were confined to the reactor zones, with all plutonium immobilized. The strontium was mainly confined to the local zones, with some release to environment estimated from krypton 85 and cesium 137
One of the greatest works of the 20th century was the building of the first atomic pile (nuclear reactor) in Chicago in 1941 by Enrico Fermi. It took some of the brightest minds in modern physics and great engineering efforts to duplicate what nature did two billion years earlier.
For more information on the Oklo Reactor, try:
High Background Radiation Areas
Background radiation levels result from a combination of terrestrial (from the 40K, 232Th, 226Ra, etc.) and cosmic radiation (photons, muons, etc.). The level is fairly constant over the world, being 8-15 µrad/hr. Here is a radiation detector in Pittsburgh, Penn, USA showing background radiation levels.
Around the world though, there are some areas with sizable populations that have high background radiation levels. The highest are found primarily in Brazil, India and China. The higher radiation levels are due to high concentrations of radioactive minerals in soil. One such mineral, Monazite, is a highly insoluble rare earth mineral that occurs in beach sand together with the mineral ilmenite, which gives the sands a characteristic black color. The principal radionuclides in monazite are from the 232Th series, but there is also some uranium its progeny, 226Ra.
In Brazil, the monazite sand deposits are found along certain beaches. The external radiation levels on these black sands range up to 5 mrad/hr (50 µGy/hr), which is almost 400 times normal background in the US. Some of the major streets of the surrounding cites have radiation levels as high as 0.13 mrad/hr (1.3 µGy/hr), which is more than 10 times the normal background. Another high background area in Brazil is the result of large rare earth ore deposits that form a hill that rises about 250 meters above the surrounding area. An ore body near the top of the hill is very near the surface, and contains an estimated 30,000 tons of thorium and 100,000 tons of rare earth elements. The radiation levels near the top of the hill are 1 to 2 mrad/hr (0.01 to 0.02 mGy/hr) over an area of about 30,000 m2. The plants found there have absorbed so much 228Ra that they will produce a self "x-ray" if placed on a sheet of photographic paper (an autoradiograph).
On the Southwest coast of India, the monazite deposits are larger than those in Brazil. The dose from external radiation is, on average, similar to the doses reported in Brazil, 500-600 mrad/yr (5 - 6 mGy/yr), but individual doses up to 3260 mrad/yr (32.6 mGy/yr) have been reported.
An area in China has does rates that is about 300-400 mrad/yr (3-4 mGy/yr). This is also from monazite that contains thorium, uranium and radium.
From BEIR V, National Research Council report on Health Effects of Low Levels of Ionizing Radiation:
Cosmic Radiation
Cosmic radiation (as discussed above) interacts with our atmosphere to produce cosmogenic radionuclides. It also is responsible for a whole body doses.
Cosmic radiation is really divided into two types, primary and secondary. Primary cosmic radiation is made up of extremely high energy particles (up to 1018 eV), and are mostly protons or sometimes larger particles. A large percentage of it comes from outside of our solar system and is found throughout space. Some of the primary cosmic radiation is from our sun, produced during solar flares.
Little of the primary cosmic radiation penetrates to the Earth's surface, the vast majority of it interacts with the atmosphere. When it does interact, it produces the secondary cosmic radiation, or what we actually see here on Earth. These reactions produce other lower energy radiations in the form of photons, electrons, neutrons and muons that make it to the surface.
The atmosphere and the Earth's magnetic fields also act as shields against cosmic radiation, reducing the amount that reaches the Earth's surface. With that in mind, it is easy to see that the annual dose you get from cosmic radiation depends on what altitude you are at. From cosmic radiation, the average person in the U.S. will receive a dose of 27 mrem per year and this roughly doubles every 6,000 foot increase in elevation.
Typical Cosmic Radiation Dose rates:
There is only about a 10% decrease at sea level in cosmic radiation rates when going from pole to the equator, but at 55,000 feet the decrease is 75%. This is on account of the effect of the earth's and the Sun's geomagnetic fields on the primary cosmic radiations.
Flying can add a few extra mrem to your annual dose, depending on how often you fly, how high the plane flies, and how long you are in the air.
Astronauts are exposed to cosmic radiation, but they are also exposed to radiation as they pass through the Van Allen radiation belts that circle the Earth.
References and Additional Information Sources
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Vice presidential candidates Dick Cheney and John Edwards face off in front
of the nation Oct. 5 at Case Western Reserve University's Veale Convocation
Center, leaving us to wonder: Does the VP debate really have any effect whatsoever
on the outcome of the election? We ponder the strategies, surprises and surreal
moments tied to our nation's 28-year-old tradition of letting the guys in the
No. 2 slots go a few rounds with each other every four years.
Odds Are
1,000,000 to 1 Case and MoveOn.org benefactor and billionaire Peter B.
Lewis is so moved by Cheneys words that he will announce hes throwing
a Republican Party fund-raiser.
12 to 1 Folksy, millworkers son Edwards will show up clad in the
sort of pricey Italian suits fellow down-home Democrat Bill Clinton wore while
running for office.
6 to 1 Cheney will still try to argue that Saddam Hussein was involved
in planning the Sept. 11 attacks.
2 to 1 Cheney will subliminally confirm his core conservative nature
in the wake of his same-sex marriage comments by donning a bright red tie for
the match-up.
If every United States voter between the ages of 18 and 23 went to the polls
this November, they could sway the outcome of the election. Unfortunately, a
number of those college-aged voters are more worried about the next keg than
the person wholl be a heartbeat away from the U.S. presidency for the
next four years. Of course, if you turned the debate into a drinking game
Take one drink any time the names Saddam Hussein or Osama
bin Laden are mentioned by anyone.
Take one drink every time Edwards drops the names Halliburton
or Enron.
Take two drinks every time Cheney mentions
the phrases trial lawyer or Swift boat.
Do a shot if Cheney utters the George W. Bush buzzword evildoers.
Chug your entire drink if Edwards clumsily knocks over a water glass
as he did during the CBS Democratic primary debate earlier this year.
Say What?
Even if voters dont cast their votes based on the VP debates, the verbal
sparring over the years has churned out a load of great sound bites. Here are
a few of our favorites:
Senator, I served with Jack Kennedy, I knew Jack Kennedy, Jack Kennedy
was a friend of mine. Senator, you are no Jack Kennedy.
Lloyd Bentsen to Dan Quayle (1988)
Who am I? Why am I here?
Opening statement of Ross Perots seemingly discombobulated running
mate, retired Vice Adm. James Stockdale (1992)
I want to avoid any personal attacks. I promise not to bring up your singing.
Dick Cheney to Joe Lieberman (2000)
Four Years Ago Today
Tiny Centre College in Danville, Ky., was the scene of the last vice presidential
debate, on Oct. 5, 2000 exactly four years ago to the day from when
Cheney and Edwards will face off here. The smallest entity to ever host a debate,
the college almost didnt have its moment in the spotlight. After
we won the debate, we lost the debate and then won it back again, recalls
Centre College director of communications Mike Norris. After the college was
selected and began making renovations to the hall where the debate would be
held, Republicans vetoed the list of debate locations and provided their own
crop of possibilities that didnt include Danville. The college promptly
launched a Save the Debate campaign, which snared national headlines,
and the Republicans ultimately backed down. That wasnt the only wrinkle.
Rumors also circulated that protesters unhappy that third-party candidates werent
invited to participate would try to shut down the debate. Norris says the college
sidestepped that pitfall by setting up a PA system on campus so protesters could
have a forum to express their views. And in true small-town fashion, the college
provided lemonade and cookies. They did not disrupt our debate,
Norris says.
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subset: commoncrawl


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Cryptoprocta ferox
|Scientific Name:
|Cryptoprocta ferox
|Species Authority:
|Bennett, 1833
Common Name(s):
|Red List Category & Criteria:
|Vulnerable A2cd ver 3.1
|Year Published:
|Date Assessed:
|Hawkins, A.F.A. & Dollar, L.
|Hoffmann, M. (Global Mammal Assessment Team) & Duckworth, J.W. (Small Carnivore Red List Authority)
listed as Vulnerable as it is feasible that over the course of the last 21 years (three generations), there has been population reduction exceeding 30% (and possibly much higher) mainly due to habitat loss (given the species' need for intact forest) and in combination with widespread hunting and persecution and the effects of feral carnivores.
|Previously published Red List assessments:
|Range Description:
|This species has a wide distribution in less disturbed forests of Madagascar. It is absent from areas where forests have been cleared (e.g. the central high plateau). It is found from sea level up to around 2,600 m asl on the Andringitra Massif (Hawkins 2003).
|Countries occurrence:
|Range Map:
|Click here to open the map viewer and explore range.
|The Fossa is generally a solitary species that is found at low population densities (Hawkins 2003). Density estimates for the Menabe region are 0.26 individuals/km² (Hawkins 1998), and for Ankarafantsika 0.20/km² (Rahajanirina 2003). In a recent estimate incorporating 25 protected areas large enough to support a (not necessarily viable) population, current population size is at <2,500 (Hawkins and Racey 2005). The maximum estimated population size for the largest protected area in Madagascar (Masoala National Park) is 414 breeding adults, and this is likely to be a substantial overestimate. Metapopulations of more than this may be possible, given the ability of this species to range between forest patches. Connectivity of populations between distant forest fragments is not yet conclusively known.
Densities for the eastern forests are hypothesized by some to be at one-third that of the west, based on phototrapping and cage trapping efforts throughout the humid forests (L. Dollar, unpubl.). Subjective encounter rate is much higher in western forests (particularly in Menabe, Bemaraha and Ankarana reserves) than in rainforests (F. Hawkins unpubl.), but densities could well be similar between dry and humid forests. This is an important point for future investigation. Important factors may include densities of lemur prey species, and levels of hunting.
|Current Population Trend:
|Additional data:
|Habitat and Ecology:
|This species is found both arboreal and terrestrial. It is found in all less disturbed forest types thoughout the island. Additionally, this species may be found above the treeline in montane areas (Goodman 1996). In general, it is not found outside of intact forest habitat, but it may pass through nonforest habitat as transient individuals. Its diet is known to include most animals in forests it inhabits, including lemurs to the size of Diademed Sifaka (bodyweight ~3 kg), rodents and reptiles (Rasolonandrasana 1994; S.M. Goodman and L. Dollar, unpubl.; F. Hawkins pers. comm.). Lemurs are frequently caught in trees. The gestation period is six to seven weeks after which between two and four young are born (Hawkins 2003); since infants remain with the mother for the first year, females only breed every other year. Sexual maturity is reached at three or four years of age (Hawkins 2003) and it is maximum known age in captivity is more than 20 years. It is active equally throughout the day and night (cathemeral), with periods of inactivity in the hottest and coldest parts of the day or night.
|Major Threat(s):
|The major threat to this species is loss and fragmentation of forest habitat, largely caused by the conversion of forested areas to agricultural land and pasture and selective logging. It also preys on domestic fowl and is consequently killed as a pest species by local people. It is very susceptible to hunting, and is often targeted by groups engaged in collective group hunting (e.g. in the Makira forests) specifically for the purpose of eradication. Parts of this species are also used for medicinal purposes. Competition with feral carnivores also occurs, including predation by feral dog packs.
|Conservation Actions:
|This species is listed on Appendix II of CITES. It is present in many protected areas throughout Madagascar (such as Kirindy Forest, and Ranomafana, Masaola, and Ankarafantsika National Parks). It is the subject of a successful ex situ captive breeding programme. Better protection of intact forests and awareness programmes concerning the value of this species for pest control are needed. This species is not currently protected adequately under national legislation, as there are conflicts within national legislation, as well as within and between local community laws.
|Hawkins, A.F.A. & Dollar, L. 2008. Cryptoprocta ferox. The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2008: e.T5760A11659657. . Downloaded on 28 June 2016.
|To make use of this information, please check the <Terms of Use>.
|If you see any errors or have any questions or suggestions on what is shown on this page, please provide us with feedback so that we can correct or extend the information provided


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I hope someone can help me with this problem that's just occurred, I've never seen it before and I'm stumped as to what's causing it. Basically whenever I try and open any folder on the PC, whether it be network or local it asks me what I want to open it with.
Have any of you seen this error before?


text:
The SAGE Encyclopedia of Social Science Research Methods
Pub. date: 2004 | DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.4135/9781412950589
Print ISBN: 9780761923633 | Online ISBN: 9781412950589
Encyclopedia Entry
Random Number Generator
Philip A. Schrodt
A random number generator is any process that generates a sequence of values that is in some sense unpredictable. Random number generators are widely used in SIMULATION , Monte Carlo statistical techniques, and cryptography. True random numbers are generated by a natural process such as radioactive decay or atmospheric noise. However, most applications use pseudo-random numbers, which are generated by a deterministic equation that produces a sequence of values that has statistical properties similar to those of a true random sequence. Pseudo-random number generators are incorporated into most computer languages and in numerical software such as spreadsheets and statistical packages. The most common technique for generating pseudorandom number generators is the linear congruent generator For example, in the ANSI C computer language, the ...
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more experiences like this:
What: Exclusively for Wish Wish guests: moonlight or sunrise hiking. Hiking in the off hours is a truly special experience – meteor showers, full moons, towers of summertime lightening off in the distance. This is the time to find those truly special experiences in the mountains. Headlamps, hot chocolate and a late night snack or simple breakfast are included.
Want this as a gift? Share now.


text:
Season 4 of the comedy drama "Shameless," returns to this Sunday. On Friday, January 10, Spoiler TV revealed the synopsis and photos for episode 3, "Like Father, Like Daughter." Below are also the episode description to episodes 1 and 2, in case you missed them.
In episode 3, "Like Father, Like Daughter," love is in the air! Sheila will finally be having her first successful online date after many failed attempts. Meanwhile, Fiona and Mike will be getting serious. Check out the photos for the episode in the slideshow attached to this article.
The first episode is titled "Simple Pleasures," and can already be viewed here. According to the source, "Frank returns, disruption life; Lip attends college. Ian is missing. Fiona tries to connect with Debbie and Carl." Photos for this episode can also be found in the slideshow.
The second episode is "My Oldest Daughter," and it premieres on Sunday, January 19. Episode 3, "Like Father, Like Daughter," airs Sunday, January 26.
Other titles known:
- "Strangers on a Train"
- "There's the Rub"
- "Iron City"
If you can't wait to find out what happens next, like us on Facebook and follow us on Twitter to catch the latest spoilers on your newsfeed!
Suggested Links
- Shows in danger of cancellation: 'Community' and 'Revolution' among list
- 'The Walking Dead' Season 4: Have we seen the last of the virus?
- 'Agents of SHIELD' spoilers: photos and synopsis for episode 11
- 'The Originals' spoilers: New cast photos and synopsis for episode 10
- Spoiler snippets for the upcoming 'Batman vs. Superman' film


text:
Dec 1, 2011 9:25 AM
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text:
Tim came through the front door of his house dripping wet. His brown locks pressed against his tanned forehead. Jeff looked up at him from his phone with worried eyes, despite his carved smile.
"Did you find her?"he asks. Tim glared at the dark haired boy.
"Does it look like I found her?!"he snapped. Jeff sighed and held his hands up as if being arrested.
"Hey, She said she wasn't your friend anymore. I was hoping that maybe you had found her but got rejected. I mean..at least she'd be safe right?"Jeff says. Tim continued his glare but sighed.
"You're right..Damn it! This is all my fault for being so careless!"he shouted as he slammed his fist in the nearest wall.
"Look bro. Don't worry about her. You got class tomorrow right?"Jeff asks. Tim raises a brow.
"Yeah so?"
"So then _____ will be there and you'll see her then.."
"Dude..what makes you think that she'l even talk to me? ____ hates me now.."Tim sighed.
"Hm true..but it's worth a shot dude..Just go for it!"
"But I can't!" Jeff rolled his eyes and grabbed Tim's shoulders tightly.
"Look man! You love this woman don't you?!"he shouted. Tim blinked as blush began to fill his face.
"L-l-love?? I..I..yes..Yes I do.."he says.
"You wanna hold her?!"
"Squeeze her?!"
"Um..I guess I do.."
"Then you gotta gotta try a little tenderness! Or something along the lines of Chris Brown.."Jeff sings.
"Dude..you're freaking me out.Since when did you start caring about _____ anyway? I thought you wanted to kill her!"Tim questioned.
"Well I did and funny thing actually..I was going to after you fell asleep. I crept to her house again but caught her in the shower..Yeah..lets just say, that's a body I'd like to keep together and hold against me hehehe.."Jeff snickered.
"You sick bastard!!"Tim shouted as he reached for Jeff's throat. Jeff gasped as Tim's fingers clenched around Jeff's pale throat. The two boys fell to the floor, Jeff wheezing for air and Tim strangling the life out of Jeff.
"So why'd you help me?"
Hoodie glanced down at you as he draped a heavy quilt over your chilled body. He didn't answer. He just went to the fireplace and lit a match, surprised by the fact that even in an apartment, you have a fireplace.
The light of the fire illuminated the low lit room. Hoodie's figured blocked some of it's light, allowing him to cast a long dark shadow along your floor.
"I just..did..alright..I had to..."Hoodie says.
"Well..thank you."you say. Hoodie stood abruptly and faced you, fist raised.
"But don't think I did it for you! I still hate you! I did it because..Masky would be upset if anything happened to you, understand?! S-So don't get the wrong idea here like I like you or anything..cuz I don't!"Hoodie suddenly snapped at you.
You stare at him for a minute before letting out a giggle.
"Alright.." Hoodie seemed taken aback by your giggle and rolled his eyes under his mask, being thankful for the accessory that covered a slight blush as well.
He sighed and walked into the kitchen only to return moments later with two mugs. He handed one to you.
"Here..drink this.It'll warm you up.."he says. You stare at the mug in surprise then take it, slowly looking up at Hoodie."What? You don't like hot chocolate or something bud?!"
You shake your head quickly.
"N-no..It's just..thank you.."you say, smiling up at him. Hoodie rolled his eyes once more and sat down on the couch beside you. He watched as you took a sip of the hot chocolate before lifting his mask, only above his mouth, and taking a sip himself. The two of you were quiet for a moment.
Hoodie leaned forward a bit and placed his mug on the coffee table before resting his elbows on his knees.
"So..you found out Masky's identity huh?"he said quietly. You take the cup from your mouth and glance away from him.
"Y-Yeah..I did..."you answer. Hoodie sighed and turned his stare towards the wooden floor.
"But you didn't want to find out this way..."
"Yeah.." Once again, Hoodie sighed.
"Damn..I told him this would happen..I told him that you wouldn't return his feelings as Tim.."he said.
"That's not it!"You reply quickly. Hoodie stared at you as in surprised by your sudden burst. You didn't match his gaze though, you kept your eyes on your reflection in your hot chocolate.
"I know Tim likes me. I always knew..and..it's not like I don't like him back. I do! I love Tim with all my heart it's just..Him being Masky...surprised me a bit. I feel like an idiot for not realizing it sooner and..for him to keep a big secret like that..I just thought he'd tell me. We're best friends, why wouldn't you tell your friend something like that? That also means it was Tim who got injured that night. It was Tim who saved my life twice and it was Tim who saw me nearly naked! It was always Tim!"You say.
Hoodie was quiet for a moment before taking in a deep breath.
"Well..did you ever think..that maybe..he wanted to tell you but certain situations prevented him from doing it?"Hoodie asks. You didn't reply immediately this time.
"Hoodie I..I'm not just upset about Tim being Masky. I'm also upset that he housed the killer that nearly killed me that night. He knew and never said anything and like the idiot I am..I fell for it like a sucker..and how can I forgive Tim for that?"you say coldly.
Hoodie stared at you then back at the floor.
"I..guess That's understandable. But you should get some sleep. You got school tomorrow right? You shouldn't miss it."Hoodie gives your shoulder a tap and suddenly, you feel your eyes become as heavy as weights. Slowly, they drifted close and you fell asleep..
"And that my students is how Earth first started. Now if you turn your textbooks to page." You tuned the teacher out and stared down in your notebook.
You started doodling like you always did, ignoring everything else in the world before something flies in front of your face and lands on your notebook. It was a crumbled up piece of paper.
Your eyes narrowed and slowly, you glance at the person next to you from the corner of your eyes. Tim.
He didn't seem to be looking at you. He was simply doing his work as if he hadn't even acknowledged your existence. Slowly, you pick up the paper and open it up.
Inside the paper was a note written in big writing. It was simple words but extremely big to up the meaning of them.
'Please forgive me.' were the words. You cringed at the paper and glanced at Tim who was now giving you a saddened smile.
"Hmph!"You ball up the paper and toss it right back to your brunette 'friend'. Tim frowned at your rejection of his apology but he didn't let it get him down. He was determined to make it up to you someway.
After class, instead of waiting for Tim like you would normally do, you collected your things quickly and stormed out the classroom. Tim followed you.
"______ wait up! Please talk to me!"he called after you.
"Just leave me alone!"you yell back, quickening your pace. Tim sighed and began to jog after you.
"______, you can at least hear me out! I need to talk to you!"he tried again.
"I'm done talking to you Tim now stop following me!"you rejected him again.
"______ please! Just hear me out! Please!"You stop in your tracks and turn to face Tim. I glint of hatred shown in your eyes made hiim shutter a bit but stand firm."______, you should know that I...I.."
Tim didn't get to finish due to a slap in the face. His reddened cheek stung as a handprint was left on it. The force of the slap caused Tim's head to turn completely to the side.
"Ow!! What the fuck!"he yelped, holding his cheek.
"You listen here Tim! You have embarrassed me and ultimately betrayed me! I'm not forgiving you anytime soon and I'm not listening to you!"you scowl. Tim's face saddened.
"Look...if you won't listen to Tim..will you at least listen to Masky?"Tim whispered.
"No! I hate that jerk too! Tell him that!"you spat before turning on your heel and beginning your fast stride again.
"______! I'm not letting you go that easily!"Tim growled. As your turned, Tim caught your wrist in his grasp tightly and pulled you back. You couldn't help but let out a small yelp as he pulled your wrist to his own chest and forced you to look into his brown eyes.
"Tim! Let me go right now!"you demand.
"No ____! Not until you hear me out! Now look here, I'm sorry I hurt you. So sorry. I can't tell you how sorry I am. IT was not my idea to house Jeff, I don't even like that greasy headed bastard! I..I have a boss alright. He ordered me too. I can't tell you much for safety reasons but I can't defy him. As for being Masky well..I couldn't tell you that either. It's just..a lot of things are going on ______. Dangerous things and you're my only normal friend. Please..please forgive me..I can't lose you. I need you because in truth I..I.."Tim began to stammer.
"You what?"you ask, your voice slightly soft.
Tim's face began to change to the color of crimson as those words formed on his tongue.
"I..I.In truth I actually.."he took a deep breath and sighed. He looked you dead in the eye."_______, I love you. Ever since freshman year. SO please..I know you don't feel the same way about Tim but..if you can at least find it in your heart to forgive Masky then..that's a big step for me."he says.
Your eyes widen and your face color begins to match his.
"Tim.I..I..I love you too.."you say. Tim's eyes widen in joy but you still frowned."But.I..I'm just not ready to forgive you yet.."And with that, you shake out of his grip and walk away from him. Tim stood there. SHould he feel happy? Or frustrated? he thought. A smile edged his lips.
"S-she loves me..Me! Tim! Not Masky! But me!"Tim began to run after you once more but something suddenly caught his leg. He yelped as it pulled him off his feet and began to drag him through the woods. In his daze he could only think one thing, that this..cannot be good.
last chapter for the night guys Night!~ I hope you liked this chapter as much as I liked writing it :3
Next:Coming tomorrow~
Next:Coming tomorrow~
Please continue!
This is really good! Its a shame its discontinued (im assuming since this was published 1 year and a half ago) it was left on a cliffhanger too! I guess the next thing that happened was slendy sent the order to kill reader-chan *-*
Agh, again excellent job on this! ^^
Agh, again excellent job on this! ^^
Plz continue I love dis
I love your story!!! Please keep updating!! You're really good!!!!
Omg shrek xD THEN YA GOTTA GOTTA TRY A LIL TENDERNESS!
What happens next!!!!!!! OMG CLIFF HANGER FOR A YEAR! A YEAR!!! Please update soon!
Author-chan, where's part 7~? Its been a year~ :'<
Y-You said TOMORROW! Some of these comments were posted LAST YEAR! D: .. I am heartbroken.
</3 Whyyyy..
</3 Whyyyy..
more.... please....
Are you going to write more? D:
I just found dis.
Wheres next part ;o
I just found dis.
Wheres next part ;o
1. Did you really pull a Shrek moment in here?
2. I've lived in several apartments with fire places. In fact the on i live in now has a fire place.
2. I've lived in several apartments with fire places. In fact the on i live in now has a fire place.
this is a series after my heart >w<
this is a series after my heart >w<
*dragging across ground looking like a zombie o_o* more....please....I....I....*dies*
awesome MAKE MORE
Omg I love Tim so much and his side burns even more
This is really good, but why doesn't reader-chan forgive Tim already! I would! (sigh) I guesse I'll just have to wait for the next chapter to come out and see!
Are you kidding me? The reader found out a secrete that was never to been told, a secrete that should never been told, yet...he told her and it was a emmbarising moment for the reader.....
This is really good~ Are you going to continue???
Omg i can't wait until what happen next
Oh my I wonder what could have possibly gotten Masky.
Slendy you really know how to ruin a moment
More please?
Well, doesn't look like Slendy is happy...
I love it
When is the next part coking, Heta-chan?!
Very nice english. A few mistakes here and there but by far the best Maskyxreader so far.
Dis story O_O I read this story at 3 in the morning cuz it's so good XD
Can't wait till more comes out!
Ba da da da daaaaa! I'm lovin this!
Ba da da da daaaaa! I'm lovin this!
Cute story!
Very nice Shrek reference Jeff ^.^
This is awesome!
When will the next one be out?
gah! I need the next chapter!
Shit slendy! Gotta ruin the moments!
i see that shrek quote in there. I SEE IT DON'T THINK I DON'T cause i do..
Love this btw XD
Love this btw XD


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Police Investigate Crash Involving St. Francis Ambulance
Posted on 11/12/2013 2:55 pm
- West 2nd and North Broom Streets, Wilmington, Delaware
Date of Occurrence:
- Tuesday, November 12, 2013, approximately 8:30 a.m.
Vehicle/Operator Information:
- Vehicle 1: 2009 Dodge Ambulance
- Operator 1: Gregory Schwartz, 29, Wilmington Delaware
- Vehicle 2: 2000 Toyota Echo
- Operator 2: Diane Williams, 68, Wilmington, Delaware
Two people were transported to St. Francis Hospital for minor injuries after their vehicle collided with a St. Francis ambulance en route to a medical emergency.
The incident occurred Tuesday at approximately 8:30 a.m. as a 2009 Dodge ambulance was traveling south on North Broom Street with emergency lights and sirens activated. An eastbound 2000 Toyota Echo operated by Diane Williams, 68, of Wilmington, proceeded through the intersection of West 2nd and North Broom Streets and was struck by the ambulance. Preliminary investigation suggests that although Williams had a green light, she did not yield to the emergency vehicle with activated emergency equipment.
Williams and a 63 year old female passenger were transported to St. Francis Hospital by other ambulances for minor neck and back injuries. The ambulance operator and Emergency Medical Technician were not injured and there were no patients on board at the time of the collision.
No citations have been issued.


text:
This notebook with some favorite images from Carnival in Venice, Italy can be used for a variety of purposes. With 100 pages, it is perfect for a travel journal or diary, or an idea or inspiration book. It can also serve as a sketchbook for drawing...any or all of the above.
Dennis Griffin, a photographer for 40 plus years, is a native of Southern California. He founded Studio Griffoto in 2007 to market his fine art imagery. His award winning work spans four decades and encompasses nature and landscape photography, form photography, travel photography and digital imaging. Mr. Griffin's unique style and eye for composition are clearly reflected throughout the broad scope of his images captured in California, Hawaii and other parts of the United States, as well as Italy and many other countries in Europe. To quote the artist: "I have always been fascinated by the interplay of color, design, and the magical effects of light and reflections. From the early days working in darkrooms smelling of acetic acid to the present using the immaculate technology of inkjet printers, my goal of making images has remained unchanged...a desire to optimize these elements in order to create uniquely artful images."
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NATURE IN THE RAW II Publicado 28 de abril de 2016
NATURE IN THE RAW Publicado 13 de abril de 2016
portfolio... the photo imagery of dennis griffin Publicado 11 de enero de 2014
LIGHT MY FIRE Photography by Dennis Griffin Publicado 23 de octubre de 2013
UP, UP AND AWAY NOTES Publicado 22 de noviembre de 2012
CARNIVAL: FROM VENICE WITH LOVE Photography by Dennis Griffin Publicado 21 de mayo de 2011
Carnevale 2009: Faces and Fantasies Publicado 20 de mayo de 2009
CARNEVALE 2008 Collector's Edition Publicado 15 de noviembre de 2008


text:
Sight is arguably our most important sense; we rely upon it to navigate through our surroundings with ease. Loss of vision can have a huge impact on a person's life, but many of the disorders that cause blindness are currently difficult or impossible to treat. Researchers are now using stem cell technology to explore possible new approaches to treatments for loss of vision.
Blinking damages the surface of your eyes, but you do it about 12 times per minute; it's a good job your eyes have stem cells to repair the damage!
Limbal stem cells from the human cornea, with a protein known as p63 stained yellow. Cell nuclei (which hold the DNA) are stained red.
Embryonic and induced pluripotent (iPS) stem cells cultured with growth factors become pigmented (brown in colour) and show characteristics of retinal pigment epithelium
Adding the right growth factors to Müller stem cells can make them become retinal nerve cells, as shown by the presence of a protein known as Islet 1 (pink).
The eye is the organ responsible for our ability to see the world around us. It is able to detect light from the surrounding environment and transfer information about what it has detected to the brain. It is a very complex organ made up of multiple, specialized components, not unlike an electronic camera. The components, or tissues, are made up of many types of cells, each with a specific job to do to enable the tissues to perform specialized roles.
The main parts of the eye are:
|The transparent 'window' on the front of the eye that allows the light to enter.
|Acts just like a lens in a camera by focusing the light that enters the eye.
|The electrical circuit at the back of the eye that is responsible for seeing. It is the most complex component of the eye and is made up of several different types of cells with specific roles. These include the photoreceptor cells, which detect the light entering the eye and produce an electrical signal.
|Optic nerve
|A biological wire that connects the eye to the brain. It is responsible for transferring the electrical signal produced in the retina to the brain. The brain then interprets this signal to give us a picture of our environment. The optic nerve is closely associated with the retina.
|Retinal pigment epithelium
|A sheet of black cells that sit beneath the retina. This sheet supports the retina and has a number of important roles, including processing nutrients.
Disorders or diseases of the eye occur when one or more of these components is damaged, and/or stops working properly. Different disorders develop depending upon which component(s) are not working. The difficulty in treating these problems is that, unlike the electronic parts of a camera, new biological components for the eye are not easy to obtain. This is where stem cell technology may be of use. Stem cells can act as a source of new, healthy specialized cells and may provide a way to replace damaged cells in the eye. There are several types of stem cells that could be used in different ways, depending upon the particular disorder to be treated. So what is current research focused on?
Cells that make up the cornea (the window part of the eye) are constantly damaged by blinking and exposure to the outside world. To repair this damage, we have a small number of stem cells at the edge of the cornea, known as limbal stem cells. They are responsible for making new corneal cells to replace damaged ones. If these stem cells are lost due to injury or disease, the cornea can no longer be repaired. This affects the ability of light to enter the eye, resulting in a significant loss of vision.
Transplantation of limbal stem cells from a healthy eye can repair the cornea and give the patient back their sight. However, this procedure carries some risks to the healthy donor eye and to the patient, and other problems mean the approach isn't ideal. For example, if a patient has damage to both of their eyes, it may not be possible to obtain any limbal stem cells. Cells from a donor can be used, but donors are in short supply, success rates are lower, and donor cells are usually only effective in the short to medium term.
At present, this is the only available stem cell treatment in the eye that has been proven by to work. It is not yet widely available; further clinical studies with larger numbers of patients must now be carried out before this therapy can be approved by regulatory authorities for widespread use in Europe.
Recent research has led to improvements in methods for growing limbal stem cells in the lab, and to better transplantation techniques. However, there are still limitations in the amount of new cells that can be obtained from a sample taken from the eye. Researchers are currently investigating the possibility of using a different approach – starting from embryonic stem cells or induced pluripotent stem (iPS) cells to make new limbal stem cells in the lab. This would remove the need for complex surgery for donors, as well as providing a theoretically endless source of large quantities of limbal stem cells for patients who require new ones. It is hoped that this kind of approach will be available for patients in the future.
Replacing retinal pigment epithelial cells
Retinal pigment epithelial (RPE) cells have a number of important jobs, including looking after the adjacent retina. If these cells stop working properly due to damage or disease, then certain parts of the retina die. As the retina is the component of the eye responsible for detecting light, this leads to the onset of blindness. RPE cells can be damaged in a variety of diseases such as: age-related macular degeneration (AMD), retinitis pigmentosa and Leber's congenital aneurosis.
One way to treat these diseases would be to replace the damaged RPE cells with transplanted healthy cells. Unfortunately, it is not possible to take healthy RPE cells from donors so it is necessary to find another source of cells for transplantation. Scientists have recently produced new RPE cells from both embryonic stem cells and iPS cells in the lab. The safety of embryonic stem cell-derived RPE cells is currently being tested in a clinical trial for patients with Stargardt's macular dystrophy, and it is hoped that a similar trial will follow for patients suffering from age-related macular degeneration (AMD).
Replacement of damaged RPE cells will only be effective in patients who still have at least part of a working retina, and therefore some level of vision (i.e. at early stages of the disease). This is because the RPE cells are not themselves responsible for 'seeing', but are actually responsible for supporting the 'seeing' retina. Sight is lost in these types of diseases when the retina begins to degenerate because the RPE cells are not doing their job properly. So the RPE cells need to be replaced in time for them to support a retina that is still working. It is hoped that transplantation of new RPE cells will then permanently halt further loss of vision, and in some cases may even improve vision to some degree.
Replacing retinal cells
In many of the cases where vision is lost, we often find that the problem lies with malfunctioning retinal circuitry. Different disorders occur when particular, specialized cells in the circuit either stop working properly or die off. Despite the retina being more complicated than other components of the eye, it is hoped that if a source of new retinal cells can be found, we may be able to replace the damaged or dying cells to repair the retina. In addition, this approach may also help to repair damage caused to the optic nerve.
Again, scientists have turned to stem cell technology to provide the source of replacement cells. Several studies have now reported that both embryonic stem cells and iPS cells can be turned into different types of retinal cells in the lab. Within the eye, a type of cell called the Müller cell, which is found in the retina, is known to act as a stem cell in some species, such as the zebra fish. It has been suggested that this cell may also be able to act as a stem cell in humans, in which case it may provide another source of retinal cells for repair of the retina.
Unlike RPE cell transplantation, direct repair of the retina may allow patients who have already lost their vision to have it restored to some degree. This gives hope for patients with disorders like late-stage age-related macular degeneration, where the light-sensitive photoreceptor cells in the retina have already been lost. This type of research may also provide new treatments for people who suffer from retinal diseases like retinitis pigmentosa and glaucoma. However, despite encouraging evidence, such research is very much in its infancy. There are currently no patient clinical trials planned using this type of approach, as significant further research is still required first.
Stem cell technology holds great potential for improving the lives of people who suffer from visual disorders. A number of studies are currently being undertaken in order to develop new therapies to treat, and/or prevent a loss of vision. Central to this research is the development of our understanding of how different types of stem cells behave, and how best to harness their potential in the eye. A tailored approach is required, dependent upon the particular problem a patient is experiencing. Stem cells are not a one-stop, generic cure, but they do hold exciting potential for the production of new biological components that can be used to repair the eye.
Interview with Prof Pete Coffey on a stem cell trial for macular degeneration (February 2014)
Patient information from the London Project to Cure Blindness
A review of recent clinical trials of stem cells in the eye
EuroStemCell Clinical Trials Update January 2012
Stem Cell Revolutions - a documentary with a chapter on macular degeneration
News report about research into potential treatment of glaucoma
EuroStemCell update on OptiStem – a research project carrying out work on the cornea
The European Blind Union
Royal National Institute of Blind People, UK
This factsheet was created by G. Astrid Limb, Silke Becker and Matt Smart. Fact sheet reviewed by Pete Coffey with input on information about repair of the cornea from Michele de Luca.
Images of limbal epithelial stem cells and picture showing the use of embryonic/iPS cells by Dr Hannah Levis and Dr Amanda Carr, respectively, UCL Institute of Ophthalmology. All other images from the laboratory of Astrid Limb.


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- Powerstroke 7.3L Turbo Rebuilds
- 7.3L Turbo Rebuild FAQ
- 7.3L Turbo FAQ
- 7.3L Turbo Failure FAQ
Ford 7.3 Powerstroke Premium rebuilding services, Ford F-250 and F-350 Superduty trucks
WORK Turbochargers is proud to offer premium turbocharger rebuilding services for the 1994.5-2003 Ford Powerstroke 7.3 diesel engines found in the F-250 and F-350 Series Super Duty trucks. Every turbocharger rebuild will receive a full diagnosis of failure along with a consultation with you to ensure a thourough and successful rebuild experience. Utilizing the very best in materials and labor, your turbocharger gets the same attention to detail that sets us apart from the ordinary rebuilding shop. Full 3 stage balancing, blue printed oil circuits, highest quality bearings and seals and a full clean room assembly area guarantee the very best turbo for your truck. All of our rebuilds also include a full 2 year warranty as well as full technical support to help you along the way.
WORK Turbochargers Premium Rebuild: Recommended for Powerstroke trucks utilizing high performance computer, air filter and exhaust upgrades. If you are interested in an upgraded high performance turbocharger for you modified Ford, please visit our upgrade page for details!
- All parts fully cleaned and inspected
- 3 Stage balancing of the rotating assembly
- Turbine shaft OD machined for new bearing surface
- Bearing housing journals bored and honed
- New 360* thrust bearing and collar fitted for durability
- High temperature compressor seal upgrade fitted
- New backplate installed
- Bearing housing coated in high temp corrosion resistant black finish
- Compressor housing coated semi gloss black corrosion resistant finish
- Wastegate actuator calibrated (1999 and newer)
- Turbine inlet sealing surfaced (1998 and prior)
- All turbochargers are assembled in a clean room environment
- 2 year warranty
- Price $675.00 + shipping for a rebuildable core
- Core charge $300.00, please see core information in 7.3L Rebuild FAQ
Work Turbochargers also understands the value of today's dollar, with that in mind we offer our standard rebuilding service for the Ford Powerstroke. Every rebuild includes fitting your existing backplate with an oversize seal ring and also utilizing the OEM 270* thrust bearing for general purpose applications. If your Powerstroke is in need of a high quality OEM rebuild, we would be happy to help!
- All parts fully cleaned and inspected
- 3 Stage balancing of the rotating assembly
- All clerances are blue printed
- New thrust bearing and collar
- New seals and gaskets
- Bearing housing coated in high temp corrosion resistant black finish
- Compressor housing coated semi gloss black corrosion resistant finish
- Wastegate actuator calibrated (1999 and newer)
- Turbine inlet sealing surfaced (1998 and prior)
- All turbochargers are assembled in a clean room environment
- 2 year warranty
- Price $450.00 + shipping for a rebuildable core
- Core charge $300.00, please see core information in 7.3L Rebuild FAQ
What determines if your Powerstroke turbocharger is rebuidable?
- In most cases, the easiest way to determine if your turbocharger is in rebuildable condition can be accomplished with a simple visual inspection. The first thing you want to do is look at the condition of the compressor (intake) wheel and check for evidence that it has rubbed or touched the compressor housing. Most turbochargers that we see without any contact directly between the housing and wheel can be classified as rebuildable. If you have experienced engine failure, water in the oil, cold start valve malfunctions or other major engine related problems your turbocharger could have issues that are non repairable even though there has been no contact damage to the compressor wheel. Prior to shipping your turbocharger to us for service, we will go over a thorough list of questions to gain insight to the cause of your turbocharger problems.
Why does WORK Turbochargers recommend to rebuild my original 7.3 Powerstroke turbocharger?
- The reason we want to rebuild the turbo off of your truck is simply to give you all the information regarding the cause of failure, or condition of your turbocharger. For example, let us assume your turbo has problems due to a high pressure coupler leak allowing over speed damage to occur, this may go un diagnosed. Installing the new turbocharger without any knowledge of the underlying problem will immediately damage your new turbocharger. We will fully evaluate your turbochargers condition and a full consultation will be provided to you allowing your newly rebuilt turbocharger to perform properly for many years.
My Powerstroke turbocharger has been upgraded, can WORK Turbochargers still service my unit?
- WORK Turbochargers will be happy to help wherever possible, but some upgraded units have either mis matched component parts, incorrect machine work and other problems. You will be required to send in your turbocharger in order to receive a quote for rebuilding. There is a $35.00 service charge to inspect the turbocharger and provide a rebuild quote. If you choose to have the turbocharger rebuilt by us at that time, the $35.00 fee will be credited to your original quote. Please feel free to contact us with any questions.
My 7.3 Powerstroke has an aftermarket Borg Warner turbocharger, can it still be rebuilt?
- WORK Turbochargers carries a full line of service parts for the Borg Warner TP-38 replacement turbocharger for the 7.3 Powerstroke. Pricing, warranty and turn around time are the same as the Garrett unit originally installed on your truck. Contact us directly with any questions or concerns, we will be happy to help you out.
Does WORK Turbochargers offer new outright Powerstroke turbochargers?
- Yes! WORK Turbochargers carries a full line of new Garrett and BorgWarner replacement turbochargers for the F-250 and F-350 Powerstroke turbo diesel covering all years of production. Please contact one of our turbocharger specialists today with your needs.
Does WORK Turbochargers offer high performance or upgrade parts for my 7.3 Powerstroke turbocharger?
- Yes, we offer upgraded exhaust housings, compressor wheels, waste gate actuators as well as complete new high performance turbochargers. Please visit our high performance page for details!
What is the turn around time to rebuild my 7.3 Ford Powerstroke turbocharger?
- We are a very small specialized shop, so turn around time is very fast. For a fully rebuildable turbocharger you will be looking at 2-5 business days plus the shipping time. WORK Turbochargers also offers same day turn around by appointment on all years of the 7.3 Powerstroke Ford turbo, please contact us for an appointment and quote.
Why is there a core charge?
- If you are not sending your turbocharger in for rebuild, and would like to purchase a unit out right there will be a $300.00 core charge applied to the base price. If you choose to send your core in afterwards you account will be credited up to $300.00 depending on the condition of your turbocharger core. If your turbocharger core is in perfect rebuildable condition you will receive a full $300.00 credit back to your account. If the core is damaged due to oil contamination, bearing failure, overspeeding, foreign object damage, it's value will be adjusted accordingly.
- If you are sending your turbocharger in for rebuilding service, there will be no core charge applied.
Why do we coat the compressor housing with a corrosion resistant paint?
- The TP-38 Garrett turbocharger found on the 7.3 Ford Powerstroke incorporates a precision die cast compressor housing that is made of 2 parts. These parts have voids, or recesses, that will trap a large amount of oil over the turbochargers lifetime. This oil is impossible to fully remove from the housing during cleaning. Most standard turbocharger shops will sandblast this housing, greatly increasing the risk of the engine ingesting blasting media causing engine damage. We choose to hot tank wash our housings, and to make them reach our high standards for appearance we choose to apply a satin black coating that matches many factory underhood accessories. As an added bonus, this coating is salt resistant, helping control under hood corrosion in winter driving conditions where the roadways are salted for safety. The coating also has a thermal barrier property that helps keep under hood heat out of the turbocharger, increasing horsepower and bearing life.
The Ford 7.3 L engine has received a few different turbocharger models during its production years. All of the units found on the 7.3 are based around the Garrett TP-38 family of reverse rotation turbochargers. Starting mid year 1994 and carrying over to 1997 models, the first generation TP38 turbocharger features a non wastegated 1.15 A/R turbine housing. From 1998-to mid year 1999 a wastegated version was available to enhance boost response. Starting in 1999.5 the compressor wheel and housing were updated, carrying through the rest of the 7.3 Powerstroke's production run.
What is the turbocharger model on my 7.3 Powerstroke Ford truck?
- Your trucks original equipment turbocharger is a Garrett TP-38 unit. It was designed for use on all Powerstroke and also International/Navistar T444E diesel engines. Over the production years of the 7.3 liter engine there have been some small changes to the design of this turbocharger, including 2 different compressor housings, compressor wheels, turbine housings and turbine wheels. The engine's year model and application determine the correct Powerstroke turbo unit for your truck.
How to identify the Garrett TP-38 turbo on your 1994.5-2003 Ford 7.3 Powerstroke engine
- When you contact us for rebuilding information on your turbocharger, we will simply need to know if your truck is an F-250/F-250 HD, F-350, Van or commercial F-450. We will also need the year model, transmission type and if it is 2WD or 4WD. You can also provide the ID tag information found on the compressor housing or back plate of your OEM turbocharger.
Common causes of turbocharger failure in the 7.3 Powerstoke Ford, F-250 and F-350 trucks
Oil consumption from faulty compressor or turbine seals on the Garrett TP-38 Powerstroke turbocharger
- This occurs mainly from normal wear and age, the turbine side piston ring in the OEM turbocharger looses its ability to accurately seal against oil entering the turbine housing and causing white-grey smoke once the truck has fully warmed up. The compressor side seal fails in the same way, allowing oil to enter the intake manifold and producing grey-blue smoke when the truck is started, or even when pulling away from a stop. Both of these seals are replaced in our rebuild, and the areas of the turbocharger that they seal against are replaced or re-machined.
External oil leaking on 1994-2003 7.3 Ford Powerstroke turbochargers
- There are three things we commonly see that cause oil leaks around the turbocharger. First is simply the oring seals between the mounting pedestal and the turbocharger bearing housing. Installation of new oring seals will correct this problem when the rebuilt turbocharger is re-installed. Second is a cracked bearing housing. Most of the bearing housing cracks will occur between the lower bearing housing to exhaust housing bolts, the oil leak will appear to originate from the head of these bolts. Cracked bearing housings must be replaced when the turbocharger is rebuilt. Cracking is most common in the non wastegated applications from 1994.5-1997. The last problem area is the backplate to compressor housing bolts coming loose and allowing oil to pass by the bearing housing quad ring. This is caused by vibration or incorrectly torqued hardware during rebuilding. This failure is usually detrimental to the turbocharger, leaving it in a non rebuildable condition.
Thrust bearing failure on the Garrett TP-38 series turbocharger
- Failures of this nature can usually be traced back to over speeding due to an pressure coupler leak, broken intercooler end tank if equipped, improper computer programming with more than 35 psi of manifold pressure, improper cool down prior to shutting off the vehicle, improper cold start valve function or improper oil quality or service interval. It is important to measure axial movement on your turbocharger at every oil change. Total indicator movement must not exceed .004" for a healthy turbocharger. If the bearing is allowed more clereance, there is a greater chance of compressor wheel damage due to contact with the housing at high speeds, rendering the turbocharger non serviceable. Our premium rebuilding service addresses the standard OEM thrust bearing assembly, replacing it with a much improved 360* billet bearing capable of withstanding higher thrust loads for performance applications.
Journal Bearing Failure on the Garrett TP-38 series turbocharger
- Damage to the journal bearings inside the Garrett TP-38 turbocharger usually is the result of oil contaminates, improper oil service or quality, improper shut down or just normal wear over time. The journal bearings locate the turbine shaft assembly radially within the bearing housing, and under full load these bearings contain this shaft at speeds approaching 100,000 RPM. During our rebuilding process, the surface of the turbine shaft as well as the bearing housing will be machined to a strict tolerance that allows the turbocharger to perform properly.
- Picture show is of a new journal bearing (left), and a damaged journal bearing due to oil contaminates (right)
Compressor wheel damage on the Garrett TP-38 Powerstroke turbocharger
- Damage to the compressor wheel is commonly the result of a foreign object entering the turbocharger through an air filter fault or a loose connection. It is very important to maintain the air filter and hose assembly on your F-250/350 Powerstroke truck in order to prevent damage to the delicate compressor wheel. Anytime the air filter is serviced, care must be taken to keep stray leaves, pine straw, dirt and debris from entering the air filter pipe assembly. The turbocharger spins over 100,000 RPM, any debris will damage the compressor wheel and cause imbalance issues, drastically shortening the life of the turbocharger.
Turbine wheel damage on the Garrett TP-38 Powerstroke turbocharger
- The turbine wheel can be damaged due to over heating and also foreign object damage. Over heating usually is the result of over fueling or a restricted exhaust. The turbine wheel is subjected to very high temperatures, and due to the design of the wheel and housing damage can occur quickly if left un diagnosed. Any 7.3 Powerstroke truck that has been modified with a performance computer program, air filter system or exhaust will need to install an exhaust temperature gauge, or pyrometer. Consequently, incorrect installation of the thermocouple probe can also create debris in the exhaust system that can damage the turbocharger. Do not operate your truck if it is experiencing excessive black smoke and a noticeable lack of power, immediate turbocharger or engine damage will result.
- The turbine wheel pictured shows damage to blades
Cold start valve malfunctions on the 7.3 Ford Powerstroke
- All the Ford Powerstroke turbochargers are equipped with a simple exhaust shut off valve on the outlet of the turbochargers exhaust housing. This valve is actuated by a thermostatically controlled oil actuator to provide a restriction in the exhaust system allowing the engine to warm up faster in cold climates. This valve is very sensitive to both oil pressure and viscosity, using the incorrect oil will usually result in a valve malfunction at some point in the turbochargers life. Symptoms will be extreme lack of power, water temperature over heating when the engine is operated above idle RPM, noticeable deacrease in exhaust sound, inability for the engine to accelerate and possibly a different smell coming from the engine compartment due to the heat build up under the hood. The actuator valve is located in the turbochargers pedestal stand, or spider. Usually they are in serviceable condition and can be rebuilt, however if there is excessive damage to the actuator, the entire pedestal must be replaced.


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Rode sbt for the first time yesterday. I never pass judgment on a trail till I've been over it a few times. It's almost always described as NM's "best singletrack". What's your view?
(and a glamor shot of my new steed)
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Masterpieces from the Scottish National Gallery
Resize Text
November 5, 2014, through February 1, 2015
In November the Frick will present ten masterpieces of Italian, Spanish, French, Scottish, and English painting from the Scottish National Gallery in Edinburgh, among them a Botticelli never before on public view in the United States and John Singer Sargent's iconic Lady Agnew of Lochnaw. The museum, one of the finest in the world, is distinguished for its holdings of works by the greatest masters of Western art and for its comprehensive collection of Scottish art. The upcoming exhibition will feature paintings spanning the fourteenth to the nineteenth centuries that invite illuminating comparisons to the Frick's permanent collection. Masterpieces from the Scottish National Gallery, which will also include works by Constable, El Greco, Gainsborough, Raeburn, Ramsay, Reynolds, Velázquez, and Watteau, will travel in extended form to the de Young, Fine Arts Museums of San Francisco, and to the Kimbell Art Museum in Fort Worth, Texas (see page 8 for further information on this tour).


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I came across through simulation that multiplying and adding certain modulo sequences yield equal results. Consider the following two sequences \begin{align} g_0[k] &= \sum_{n=0}^{N-1} \left< a n \right>_N \left< k n \right>_N \\ g_1[k] &= \sum_{n=0}^{N-1} \left< b n \right>_N \left< k n \right>_N \end{align} where $a, b \in \mathbb{Z}$, $\left<a\right>_N = a \pmod N$and $\text{GCD}(a,N) = \text{GCD}(b,N) = 1$. It appears that there exist $k_0, k_1 \in \mathbb{Z}$ such that \begin{align} g_0[k_1 k] &= g_1[k] \\ g_1[k_0 k] &= g_0[k] \end{align}
Outside of running several computer simulations that seem to indicate that such integers might always exist for arbitrary $a$ and $b$ with $\text{GCD}(a,N) = \text{GCD}(b,N)$, I cannot find out how to 1) determine under what conditions this holds and 2) figure out the value of $k_0$ and $k_1$ directly.


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Danger Signs
In 2000 more people started taking the drugs, and reports of side effects began to dribble out, most notably indigestion, a problem solved for many when Merck changed the regimen so that patients took a pill weekly rather than daily (the less often the pills are swallowed, the less they irritate your gullet, and the less vulnerable you are to indigestion). Other emerging side effects were more alarming. Around 2004, Joseph Lane, an orthopedist who's chief of the Metabolic Bone Disease Service at the Hospital for Special Surgery, began to notice strange events among some patients who'd been taking bisphosphonates for about six years. Two women stand out particularly in Lane's memory. "One had been complaining of thigh pain for three months," he remembers. "She'd had two epidural injections for back pain, and while she was in a swimming pool she broke her femur, simply by turning around. Number two is a woman who was getting on a plane to go visit her grandchildren. Similar story: She had earlier complained of sciatica, but her doctors didn't take an X-ray. Instead, they gave her an MRI and an epidural injection. Then, the day of her flight, she climbed the stairs during boarding and broke her femur going up."
In 2005, Lane read an article in the Journal of Clinical Endocrinology and Metabolism that jibed with what he'd been seeing. A team at the University of Texas in Dallas and at Henry Ford Hospital in Detroit had biopsied nine patients with osteoporosis or osteopenia, most of whom had been taking alendronate—Fosamax's generic name—for three to eight years and had "spontaneous nonspinal fractures" in odd places that took an unusually long time to heal. Bone biopsies showed "minimal, or no, identifiable osteoblasts" (the buildup cells) and low breakdown activity—a syndrome that became known in lay language as frozen bone.
This was a small study with no control group, and some patients were taking drugs besides alendronate. But the authors called for more research "to determine how long bisphosphonates can safely be given." Lane and four colleagues within the New York–Presbyterian/Weill Cornell Medical Center complex reviewed the records of all patients admitted to its trauma center from 2002 to 2007 with femur-shaft fractures that were "low energy," meaning they had been incurred while the person was simply standing around (or splashing in a swimming pool).
The 70 trauma center patients whose cases they reviewed had all suffered from what's technically known as an atypical subtrochanteric femur -fracture—and more than a third had been taking Fosamax, the bisphosphonate that's been available the longest. Three quarters of these Fosamax patients shared a particular radiographic pattern: a simple horizontal or diagonal fracture with a sort of beaky overhang of bone. Their X-rays looked exactly like the one I was presented with two years later. The pattern was 98 percent specific to Fosamax users, and those who displayed it had been using the drug significantly longer than those whose breaks did not look like that. A follow-up study matching a smaller group of patients who had femur fractures with a control group of subjects who had ordinary hip fractures showed roughly similar results: Nearly a third of those with thigh fractures were on Fosamax, as opposed to one ninth of the hip patients; two thirds of the thigh patients on Fosamax showed the pattern, and they tended to have been on Fosamax longer than those with hip fractures.
Meanwhile, more reports were coming out, one from Singapore and one from Japan. Researchers hypothesized that bisphosphonates produce bone that is brittle and fracture-prone and that the thigh pain comes from little stress fractures that don't heal but rather accumulate and build up to one big kahuna of a break. The patients Lane sees are active women seven to 10 years younger than those who break their hips (which happens on average at age 82). "Every woman I've seen has been out there shopping, working, running after her grandchildren, doing stuff," he says. "These are not couch potatoes. I have never seen this kind of fracture in a nursing home patient."


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T-Mobile's Samsung Galaxy S III LTE and Galaxy Exhibit get purported release dates
Although it's been rumored for many months now, T-Mobile's upcoming Samsung Galaxy S III with LTE support still isn't on sale. This despite the fact that at one point it was said to be out in March or April. Neither of those time frames have panned out, and here we are in May still waiting for an official release of the LTE-enabled Galaxy S III on the magenta carrier.
If you're craving this device, you might not have to wait much longer. TmoNews has learned that June 5 is set to be the big day, the one on which the Samsung Galaxy S III LTE will become available at T-Mobile. If all goes according to plan, of course. Things could still change.
Another new Samsung device headed to T-Mobile is the Galaxy Exhibit. And this one has also been in the leaks for quite a while. Well, it now seems it will be in stores pretty soon. On May 29, to be exact, which is in just nine days. This is a midranger, and it too was supposedly launching in late March. Needless to say, that hasn't happened. So let's hope this round of rumored release dates turns out to be right.


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Ejim's postgame interview
I really want to say something about TARP.
HAHA look how mad their fans are getting. And if the tourney was in Dallas this year, there still wouldn't be that many Baylor fans. They can't even sell out home games.
When Prepared, Fear No One.
Its ok they just lost a big game. Let them be butt hurt for awhile.
Originally Posted by cbro31
Ejim's postgame interview
I really want to say something about TARP.
LOL Baylor. Ejim was right. < 500 Baylor fans in attendance.
2016 Photoshopper of the Year
"He was wrong or he needs Lasik surgery if he didn't see any Baylor fans. I saw about 1,000 on TV.''
1000 out of 19000....Good job Baylor
Stay classy Ames.
Originally Posted by halaleezy
Stay classy Ames.
Stay Culty Waco.
There are actual baylor basketball fans?
Originally Posted by FarminCy
Stay Culty Waco.
Stay afloat, Flood Aggy.
I don't think they said anything that bad in the thread. There was a fan or two (the one quoted above), who is probably upset like Ry4Cy said.
here is another pretty good one
What can we do to get a following at Baylor?
Originally Posted by FarminCy
Stay Culty Waco.
Originally Posted by halaleezy
Stay afloat, Flood Aggy.
I'm sorry, I didn't mean to offend you. It's okay you can come out from under the tarp, we won't hurt you.
In all seriousness, congrats guys. I'm happy for you guys. Especially since Title IX forced you to shut down your baseball and football programs.
I love that they think they would have brought a ton of fans to Dallas. They dont even bring many fans to their own arena. I seem to remember dallas basically ignoring the tournament's existence.
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"P" St. Streetscape Project
11th Street to Centennial Mall
March 19, 2014 Construction Update
With consistent warmer weather, work activities have increased along the south side of "P" Street from 11th to 14th Street.
Bioretention cells and planting beds have been backfilled near 11th and "P" and pavers are scheduled to begin being placed within the next 2 weeks between 11th and 12th streets.
Work along the south side of "P" Street from 12th Street to 13th Street will continue with the increase in ground temperatures. Some of the underground work on bioswales and utilities are being completed. The contractor will continue with removal and replacement of the driveways from the bank and parking garage during the next week. Sidewalk access in this area has been changing but access is still being maintained to all of the businesses. Please continue to pay attention to the pedestrian routing that is in place.
The contractor continues work at the southwest corner of 14th and "P" St. on the sidewalk, landscape curb, and roadway pavement. Access is still being maintained to all of the businesses. Please be aware of the pedestrian routing and continuing changes to the sidewalks around this area.
Work will begin on sidewalk reconstruction between 13th and 14th streets as well as along 14th street between "O" and "P" streets next week. The demolition and reconstruction will occur at night along these block faces in order to minimize disruption to the area businesses. Please be aware of the pedestrian routing and continuing changes to the sidewalks around this area.
Please also be aware of vehicular lane closures and to avoid parking illegally, especially in front of any traffic control devise.
Information on the "P" Street Streetscape Project is available on the City's website at lincoln.ne.gov (keyword: pstreet). If you have questions or comments, please contact one of the following people:
Zach Becker
Project Manager
City of Lincoln – Engineering Services
Kris Humphrey
Project Engineer
City of Lincoln – Engineering Services
Hallie Salem
Downtown Re-Development Planner
City of Lincoln – Urban Development
Andrew Christensen
Project Manager
Hausmann Construction


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Find a Course
Book an Open Day
Directed by Paul Blinkhorn
'We are such stuff as dreams are made on.'
Prospero, Duke of Milan, usurped and exiled by his own brother, holds sway over an enchanted island. He is comforted by his daughter Miranda and served by his spirit Ariel and his slave Caliban.
When Prospero raises a storm to wreck his brother and his confederates on the island, his long contemplated revenge at last seems within reach.
Imbued with a spirit of magic and the supernatural, The Tempest is Shakespeare's late great masterpiece of forgiveness, generosity and enlightenment.
Tickets can be booked now by emailing firstname.lastname@example.com or phoning 01228 400356.


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The Last Dragon is set in the Acacia Valley and Melbourne Victoria, Australia between the years of 1922 & 1940. The story is told through the eyes of the young and vulnerable Lucy Trentham.
Lucy has a simple uncomplicated life and plans for her future until her sister gives birth to an illegitimate baby; and, Lucy is raped by a man she once trusted.
Lucy's story is a powerful portrayal of love, loyalty, courage and determination as she strives to slay 'the last dragon'.
DOROTHY CHIRON Dorothy Chiron is an Australian with her home base near Melbourne, in the State of Victoria. Married with three adult children and two grandchildren, Dorothy is not only an accomplished writer but a true story teller with the ability to involve the reader with the characters in her stories. Dorothy's writing reflects her interest in history, her knowledge of world events, a down to earth sense of humour, and a love and understanding of Australia and Australians.
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Inicia sesión o crea una cuenta para publicar un comentario.
BOUNDARY OF INNOCENCE Publicado 15 de febrero de 2014
ONE RIDE ON THE FLYER Publicado 19 de junio de 2013
T H E D E C I S I O N Publicado 28 de agosto de 2012
SONS OF MEN Publicado 13 de junio de 2012
FRAMED FOR HANGING Publicado 29 de abril de 2012


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We have three servers running Ubuntu Server 10.04, load balancing between them through DNS. We use Django, nginx to serve content and PostgresQL as database.
For PostgresQL, there are some mirroring solutions, but what is the best way to mirror our static files, using "three masters" schema?
I guess just rsyncing them wouldn't be a scalable and easy-to-maintain way.


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Published May 17, 2012
in Technology
London Web Performance, 16 May 2012.
25 Presentations
Mar 24, 2016 by
Andrew Betts
Jun 9, 2014 by
Andrew Betts
Jun 19, 2013 by
Andrew Betts
PHP and JavaScript developer, web standards advocate and founder of FT Labs, an emerging web technologies group within the Financial Times. See http://labs.ft.com and http://trib.tv


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add contact to address book
Warren E. Miller Collegiate ProfessorDepartment Chair
Office Location(s): 5753 Haven Hall734.763.3080
Center for Political Studies Website
View Curriculum Vitae
Burns studies gender, race, political participation, public opinion, and intergovernmental relations in the American context. Her most recent book, The Private Roots of Public Action: Gender, Equality, and Political Participation, won the Victoria Schuck Award from the American Political Science Association for the best book on gender and politics. The Private Roots of Public Action is the most comprehensive study of the puzzle of unequal political participation between men and women. The book shows why, after several generations of suffrage and the women's movement in the late 1960's, women continue to be less politically active than men, especially less likely to seek political office or join political organizations. Through new methods, this book traces how gender differences in experiences with nonpolitical institutions, such as the family, school, workplace, etc., produce differences in the resources and skills that facilitate political participation, giving men the cumulative advantage over women. In addition, part of the solution to the problem of unequal participation lies in politics itself: where women hold visible public office, women citizens are more politically interested and active.
Burns teaches a variety of courses that include gender and race and politics, quantitative methods, research design, political participation, and urban politics. She currently serves as the Director for the Center for Political Studies. She is also a member of the American Academy of Arts and Sciences.
Political Science
5700 Haven Hall505 South State Street
Ann Arbor, MI
ph: 734.764.6313
fx: 734.764.3522


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Tagged: iPod
iPro Concept Action Camera Inspired by iPhone and iPod
Have you remembered CURVED/labs's concept iMac? Now the talented team has released another awesome design concept that would be a strong competitor for GoPro. Curious? Let's go on for iPro concept action camera.
iDockAll Docking Station for iPhone iPad and iPod
Need a simple and handy way to charge your various iOS devices at home or in office? Take a look at iDockAll, the docking station may be able to meet your requirements.
Nanoblock Docking Station for iPhone and iPod
We have introduced many practical charging stations for iPhone and iPod. But if you want a creative way to dock your iOS device, the following Nanoblock docking station may be able to draw your more attention.
Handmade Wood Charging Dock Speaker
Need a one-of-a-kind way to dock your iPhone and enjoy your favorite at home? Take a look at the handmade wood iPhone charging dock speaker, maybe it can meet your requirements.
Tiffany Blue Rotary Phone Dock Speaker
The retro telephone has gotten a new life from the inspiration of iOS devices. Now it's a good partner for your iPhone and iPod. If you're curious, let's go on checking the rotary phone dock speaker.
The Wake-To-Light Dock Speaker with Alarm Clock
Want to be waken up by your favorite music from your iPhone or iPod along with bright light? Take a look at Wake-To-Light, the dock speaker with alarm clock may be able to catch your eyes.
XtremeMac Soma Travel Dock Speaker for iPhone, iPad and iPod
Need a handy way to charge your iPhone, iPod or iPad, and enjoy your favorite music at home? Take a look at XtremeMac Soma Travel, the portable dock speaker may be able to catch your eyes.
The Docking Station with Stereo Speakers for iPhone and iPad
Many people have iPhone and iPad simultaneously. If you want to conveniently charge the two devices at the same time, and enjoy your favorite music, the docking station with stereo speakers may be able to catch your eyes.


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Information on www.burr.com is for general use and is not intended as legal advice. Sending an e-mail through this Website, and receipt of same, does not constitute an attorney-client relationship. Information sent via e-mail is not considered confidential or privileged unless we have agreed to represent you. By sending this e-mail, you confirm that you have read, understand and agree to this notice.
We tailor our services to help our clients—be they individuals, families, business owners, or other high-net-worth clients—protect, preserve, and pass down what they've worked so hard to build. We also regularly advise corporate trust departments for their fiduciary administrative duties. Unlike estate and financial planners outside the legal profession, we have the knowledge, experience, and technology to advise clients on the most sophisticated and comprehensive estate and tax planning opportunities available under current law, which enables us to implement the most effective planning strategies. We work directly with accountants, life insurance agents, and financial planners to create the very best team our clients can have.


text: The bacteria status of a root canal can be determined using fluorescent probes. A stain may discriminate between viable cells (green) and killed cells (red). The tissue, here a root slice, is viewed in a confocal microscope to allow thicker samples to be visualized. The left slice shows autofluorescence from dentin, with the dentinal tubules visible. The right slice shows masses of live (green dots) and dead (red dots) bacteria


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Barefoot Bandit: Exposed
The truth behind runaway Colton Harris-Moore.
The Times took a look at the real "Barefoot Bandit," the super-macho and heroic young man who could lift planes with his bare hands and run around the world without shoes on while eluding authorities after breaking out of a Washington halfway house. (Until he was caught in the Bahamas earlier this month.) Yeah, him. Except, the Times reveals Colton Harris-Moore to actually be a boy who was "alone and hungry," diagnosed with depression and ADD, and the son of a woman who "screamed things at him so vicious" neighbors cringed. Early social workers reported that he wanted his mom to stop drinking and smoking, to "get a job and have food in the house," but she "refused."
"By the time he was 10, an investigation involving 'negligent treatment or maltreatment' had been initiated ... Ms. Kohler [his mother], 59, declined to be interviewed. A lawyer she has hired to handle news media inquiries and film and book proposals based on her son's story said he had not seen allegations of abuse against Ms. Kohler in public records."
So this paragon of motherhood is now fielding book proposals? Yikes. The Bandit, on the other hand, is "not into" his Facebook fame, according to his lawyer.


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IN YOUR WORDS: The power of one pooch
Published: Sunday, December 15, 2013 at 3:30 a.m.
Last Modified: Saturday, December 14, 2013 at 11:18 p.m.
JoJo is a cuddly Chihuahua terrier mix. Just a few months ago, her life completely changed because her owner, Mamie Thompson moved to a senior living facility. The 71-year-old was no longer able to take care of the little dog. Her family was very concerned and was going to try to find a new home for JoJo.
When Marcia Massengill, life enrichment director for the community, learned about JoJo she checked the little dog out and ended up bringing her home in hopes of finding her a new owner, but JoJo was so adorable and Mamie loved her so, that they decided that Marcia would keep her.
Marcia brings JoJo, wearing one of her many stylish
T-shirts, to the assisted living community in the morning. She gets to spend time with her owner, Mamie. "When I see the joy that lights up Mamie's face when she sees the dog in the morning," shares Massengill, "and I see the other residents bring her a treat and say hi to JoJo; it was such an easy thing to do."
JoJo has become the official facility mascot. "One lady in her wheelchair doesn't hear very well and has become frail, but she loves for JoJo to sit on her lap," explains Massengill. JoJo has her daily routine. After exercise, JoJo might have some extra time with Mamie in her room, head out with the residents to the garden or do other things while on a leash in the building before she heads home to Marcia's house around lunch.
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