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Neisendorf v. Levi & Strauss Co.
Following 14 weeks of medical leave, appellant Barbara Neisendorf's at-will employment with Levi Strauss & Co. was terminated. Neisendorf filed a lawsuit in California state court claiming that the termination violated the California Family Rights Act ("CFRA"), which contains reinstatement rights for employee out on leave for certain personal or family medical conditions, including "care for their children, parents or spouses or to recover from their own serious health condition."
In this case, Neisendorf went out on CFRA leave for her own alleged medical problems which occurred after her former employer identified various performance deficiencies during a mid-year performance review. Shortly after her leave of absence, Neisendorf was terminated from her employment for failing to commit to improving the areas of concern noted in her performance review. While Neisendorf claimed she was terminated in retaliation for asserting her CFRA rights, the jury rejected this claim, instead noting that she had well-documented performance issues that were being addressed by her former employer prior to Neisendorf's leave of absence.
In affirming the trial court's decision, the court of appeal noted that an employee who requests CFRA leave "has no greater right to reinstatement or to other benefits and conditions of employment" than an employee who remains at work. To read the entire opinion click here.
In North Bay Construction v. City of Petaluma, the First Appellate District Court agreed with the trial court's decision and held that a mechanic's lien cannot be enforced against property owned by a municipality, even if the work was not performed as part of a "public works" project. In addition, the Court held that a contractor cannot recover in quantum meruit for improvements to a municipality's property performed under a contract with a third party. The City of Petaluma was represented in this appeal by Joseph M. Quinn and Eric W. Danly, of Meyers, Nave.
In North Bay Construction, North Bay's complaint alleges that the City is the owner of real property commonly known as Redwood Empire Sportsplex that was leased to a developer for the purpose of constructing a sports complex. The developer contracted with North Bay, a licensed paving contractor, to perform grading work at the property, which North Bay completed, by for which it has not been paid. North Bay recorded a mechanic's lien against the property and served a "Notice of Potential Claim" on the City advising it that, as the owner and lessor of the property, it may be responsible for the reasonable value of the material and labor provided by North Bay. The complaint alleges, among other things, a common count to recover from the City the "reasonable value of the material and labor provided by North Bay." The City demurred to the complaint on the grounds that a mechanic's lien cannot be enforced against public property and that common counts may not be asserted against public entities. The trial court sustained the demurrer without leave to amend. The City was dismissed from the action and North Bay filed a timely appeal.
In its reasoning, the Court explained that because of the principles of sovereign immunity, any right to impress a mechanic's lien of public property must be expressly, not implicitly, provided for by statute. While most of the cases supporting this conclusion involve public work projects, the Court noted that the prohibition is frequently stated as applying to "public property," not simply to public work projects. Moreover, in holding that a mechanic's lien could not be imposed in this situation, the Court disagreed with North Bay's assertion that a distinction must be drawn between property owned by a municipality that is used for governmental as opposed to proprietary purposes--that property held in a proprietary capacity (as North Bay contends is the case here) is subject to a lien as is any privately held property. The Court explained that while California formerly drew a distinction between property held in a proprietary as distinguished from a governmental capacity for the purpose of permitting execution on a judgment lien, this distinction has since been abolished by the Legislature, in its passage of the California Tort Claims Act. The Court also noted that the Legislature has enacted a separate comprehensive scheme prescribing the manner in which a judgment against a local public entity may be satisfied, and it does not include execution of public property.
Lastly, the Court held that North Bay's common count cause of action seeking to recover the value of services based on a theory of quantum meruit was improper given that a quasi-contract theory cannot be asserted against a municipality in a public works context. The Court cited certain general principles inherent in the arena of municipal contracts. The most important being, that contracts wholly beyond the powers of a municipality are void. They cannot be ratified; no estoppel to deny their validity can be invoked against the municipality; and ordinarily no recover in quasi-contract can be had for work performed under them. Moreover, the Court noted that the competitive bidding requirements were founded upon a salutary public policy declared by the Legislature to protect the taxpayers from fraud, corruption, and carelessness on the part of public officials and the waste and dissipation of public funds. As such, the Court concluded that North Bay must be presumed to have known the law. It could have protected itself by confirming the existence and sufficiency of a construction loan and following the statutory sop notice procedures, or by obtaining a payment bond or other security to ensure payment. Having failed to do so, North Bay cannot now shift the burden of its loss to the City in disregard of well-defined public policy to the contrary.
To read the entire published opinion, click here.
The Governor signed into law the Digital Infrastructure and Video Competition Act of 2006 (AB 2987), which becomes effective January 1, 2007. The law establishes a statewide franchising procedure for video service providers to be administered by the California Public Utilities Commission (CPUC), and preempts local government franchising authority. The law also allows cable companies with existing local franchises to, when a state franchise holder enters the jurisdiction, to opt out of those local franchises and into a state franchise.
The main provisions of the Act include:
If you have questions on the Act or other telecommunications matters, please contact John Bakker, the co-chair of Meyers Nave's Public Power and Telecommunications Practice Group, at email@example.com.
To read the text of the Act, click here.
Tulare County Superior Court Judge Melinda Reed refused to order the County of Tulare to arbitration pursuant to SB 440 for a bargaining impasse between the County and its Deputy Sherrifs Association. Judge Reed ruled that SB 440 did not cure the constitutional deficiencies in its predecessor legislation, SB 402.
To read an article describing the decision click here.
Howie Rich and his tax-exempt "advocacy" groups have contributed 92 percent of the money supporting California's Proposition 90 which, if passed, prevents public agencies from using the power of eminent domain to acquire land and transfer it to a new owner, such as a developer, for redevelopment purposes and requires the government to pay for passing any law which "devalues" private property; opponents of the law argue it will make it impossible for cities to plan developments and protect the environment. Rich and his groups have lobbied and tried to put similar initiatives on several other states' ballots - including Michigan, Missouri, Montana, Nevada, and Oklahoma - but for various reasons, including signature gathering fraud - they were removed from the ballot.
In the Thursday, October 5th, San Francisco Chronicle article "Mogul's Network Bankrolls Prop. 90", the newspaper states that "nearly $3.4 of the $3.6 million raised in support of Prop. 90 came via five entities that Rich either leads or has helped fund in the past."
Questions about the purpose of these groups have risen in light of their tax-exempt status and failure to file paperwork declaring their official purpose. Various watchdog organizations have urged the IRS to investigate possible tax abuses.
For more information, please read the San Francisco Chronicle article. http://sfgate.com/chronicle/
Meyers Nave attorney Alan Cohen prepared an Amicus Brief on behalf of the League of California Cities (LOCC) in Yount v. County of Sacramento that was filed with the California Supreme Court on October 5, 2006. The Supreme Court will decide whether a defendant who pleads no contest to obstructing or resisting a police officer, where the factual record in support of the plea is vague, may subsequently sue the arresting officer for excessive use of force under 42 U.S.C Section 1983.
It is an important case because for over a decade, courts in California have held that a criminal defendant's conviction under Penal Code 148 (interfering with a police officer) bars him from later suing the police under Section 1983 or analogous state law for using excessive force during the course of that arrest. It did not matter whether the conviction was obtained by a plea of guilty, a plea of no contest, or a jury verdict. This is because the Supreme Court previously decided that to the extent a 1983 lawsuit would impugn a state court conviction, concepts of comity, equity and federalism preclude a civil lawsuit challenging matters which could have been determined in the state court criminal proceeding. Since the lawfulness of a police officers conduct is an element of a 148 charge, and since excessive force is not lawful, a conviction for 148 establishes that the force used to subdue the suspect was appropriate.
That changed when the Ninth Circuit decided Smith v. City of Hemet. In Smith, the court held that where the factual record supporting a plea does not specify which act of obstruction/resistance the accused plead to, the bar does not apply. While the courts in California are not bound by the decisions of the lower federal courts, even on federal constitutional issues, the Court of Appeal for the Third District, however, decided to follow the Ninth Circuit's analysis. In the amicus brief, LOCC contends the decision contradicts the way courts traditionally analyze both officer misconduct and collateral attacks on final judgments. LOCC also asserts that following the Ninth Circuits analysis is against public policy because it will impose significant costs and significant administrative burdens on local agencies and their police officers.
To learn more about Yount v. County of Sacramento, click here.
To review the Court of Appeals decision in Yount v. County of Sacramento, click here.
To review the Ninth Circuit's decision in Smith v. City of Hemet, click here.
On October 5, 2006, the Court of Appeal ruled in In re Marriage Cases, that Family Code sections limiting availability to civil marriage to opposite sex couples are not unconstitutional. The Court's decision stressed that the Legislature has passed legislation, specifically, Family Code section 297, et seq., providing substantially all the rights, responsibilities, benefits and protections of marriage to same-sex couples who register as domestic partners.
In addition, the Court concluded that California's historical definition of marriage did not deprive individuals of a fundamental right or discriminate against a suspect class; therefore, the Court applied rational basis review. That is, the Court analyzed the marriage statutes to determine whether the opposite-sex requirement is rationally related to a legitimate government interest. Concluding that great deference should be afforded to the Legislature, the Court stated that the marriage statutes are constitutional. In so concluding, the Court noted that the time may come when California chooses to expand the definition of marriage to encompass same-sex unions, but that such change should come from democratic processes, not from the judiciary.
To review the full opinion, click here
In an opinion dated October 12, 2006, California Attorney General Bill Lockyer held:
1) The privilege for confidential marital communications does not apply when a married peace officer is being interrogated during a law enforcement agency's internal affairs investigation of alleged police misconduct by the peace officer's spouse;
2) If a married peace officer asserts the privilege for confidential marital communications during an internal affairs interrogation and refuses a direct order to answer the investigator's questions, the law enforcement agency may take disciplinary action against the officer after informing him or her that a failure to answer may result in punitive action; and
3) I f a peace officer has disclosed confidential marital communications during an internal affairs investigation in order to avoid disciplinary action, and use of the marital communications in the investigation results in disciplinary action against the peace officer's spouse, who thereafter challenges the agency's action in an administrative or court proceeding wherein the peace officer witness asserts the privilege not to testify against the spouse, the law enforcement agency may introduce the previously disclosed marital communications to support its disciplinary action in the subsequent proceeding.
A California Court of Appeal held that ambiguities in a public entity's grant of easement to a private party must be construed in favor of the public entity. Red Mountain, LLC v. Fallbrook Public Utility District (2006) 114 Cal.App.4th 333, involved both an inverse condemnation claim and an eminent domain case arising from Red Mountain's plans to develop its vacant land adjacent to a drinking water reservoir and the District's refusal to grant an access easement over the road through the reservoir.
The District owned the reservior and a non-exclusive easement of the area of the water-shed for a sanitary easement. The District claimed there was no inverse condemnation because Red Mountain did not have any rights based upon its sanitary easement. Citing Civil Code section 1069, the court held that the trial court's interpretation of the easement was erroneous and that it must be construed in the District's favor passing only those rights and interests to the grantee that are necessarily and expressly embraced in its terms. The matter was ordered for re-trial on the issue of inverse condemnation, if any, and damages.
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1. Indian Armed Forces as SSC Officers in the Military Nursing Service ( MNS ) 2014
A bright future for aspiring young women make a move and join the Indian Armed Forces as Short Service Commissioned Officers in Military Nursing Service ( MNS ) 2014.
Applications are invited from female candidates who have passed PG / PB B.Sc / B.Sc Nursing for grant of Short Service Commission in the Military Nursing Service.
2. Nationality : Must be a citizen of India ( Also the Spouse, if married ).
3. Qualification & Registration for MNS Service 2014 : Should have passed PG / PB B.Sc / B.Sc Nursing from INC recognized University and be a registered Nurse and Midwife from a State Nursing Council ( Attach attested copy of marksheet, passing certificate and valid State Registration certificate ). Candidates whose result is awaited will not be considered.
4. Date of Birth : Between 13 Jan 1979 and 14 Jan 1993 ( Both days inclusive ). Attach attested copy of class X certificate and marklist.
5. Indian Army MNS Physical Fitness 2014 : Medical fitness will be assessed as per Military Standards by Military Authorities. X-Ray examination of Chest and USG ( of abdomen ) will be done. The physical fitness of selected candidates will finally be determined by a Medical Board under arrangement made by the office of DGAFMS. Candidates pregnant at the time of medical examination and joining for commission will be rejected being temporarily medically unfit.
6. Method of Selection in Indian Army MNS 2014 : Only eligible candidates will be called for a written test to be conducted at Delhi during the third week of May 2014. The result of successful shortlisted candidates will be declared on the next day of written examination at the examination venue. Confirmation of the result will be the individual responsibility of the candidates. This office will not be responsible for informing the result individually. A required number ( not more than three times of vacancies ) of shortlisted candidates of the written test, in the order of merit will be called for MNS interview. Thereafter, only the candidates who have cleared the interview will be subjected to Medical Examination. The total process may take 3 – 5 days. Arrangement for accommodation will be individual responsibility. Only the required number of shortlisted candidates ( as per vacancy and merit ) who are pronounced medically fit in all respect will be sent call letters to report to the various hospitals in Armed Forces. No correspondence / queries will be entertained. The decision of the Board will be final. The candidates called for interview for Indian Military Nursing Service 2014 will be paid Sleeper Class Railway fare from the place of residence to the place of examination centre and back only on submission of the original tickets, as per AI 17/96 amended from time to time.
7. Marital Status : Single / Married / Divorcee / Widow.
8. Indian Military Nursing Service Employability : Candidates selected for grant of SSC in the MNS will be liable to serve for five years extendable to total tenure of fourteen ( 5+5+4 ) years, anywhere in India in the same way as Military Nursing Service ( Regular ) Officers in the Armed Forces ( Army, Navy and Air Force ). No request will be entertained on choice of posting through any means in the first five years of service.
9. MNS Emoluments : On completion of the pre-commissioning formalities, the candidates will be granted the rank of Lieutenant with the monthly Basic Pay of 15,600/- + Grade Pay 5,400/- + Military Service Pay – 4,200/- + DA and other Allowances as per prevailing rates. Entitled ration, accomodation and allied facilities will also be offered.
10. Promotion in Indian Military Nursing Service 2014 :
- Promotion of Short Service Commission Nursing Officers is as under :
- Lieutenant – On entry.
- Captain – 3 Years of reckonable commissioned service.
- Major – 8 Years of reckonable commissioned service.
- Promotion for Permanent Commission Nursing Officers is as under :
- Lieutenant – On entry.
- Captain – 3 Years of reckonable commissioned service.
- Major – 8 Years of reckonable commissioned service.
- Lieutenant Colonel – by selection ( Lieutenant Col Time Scale – after 16 years of reckonable commissioned service )
- Colonel – by selection.
- Brig – by selection.
- Major Gen – by selection.
Note : Nursing Officers with B. Sc ( Nursing ) qualification are eligible for one year antedate of commission; Nursing Officers with M.Sc Nursing qualification are eligible for two years antedate of commission and one year antedate for each completed year of previous service rendered in Nursing Profession after fully qualifying as nurse midwife in a Govt recognized Hospital / Medical College / Health Institute subject to a max of 2 years antedate and provided that previous service was not terminated on grounds of unsuitability / misconduct / profound professional negligence / indiscipline / any other disciplinary ground. The period of antedate will neither carry any back pay in any case nor will it count for gratuity as per rules.
11. Permanent Commission : SSC Officers of the MNS will be considered for grant of permanent commission as per existing rules as amended from time to time. They will be subjected to interview by a Selection Board duly constituted for the same. However, the grant of Permanent Commission will be subject to availability of vacancies in the cadre.
12. Indian Army SSC Nursing Officers Application Form 2014 :
Indian Military Nursing Service 2014 application to be typed in block letters on A4 size paper as per the format given in the advertisement with passport size photo attested and duly pasted in the space provided. Applications received on newspaper cutting or its photocopy will be rejected. No correspondence will be entertained from the candidates whose applications have been rejected.
13. Application Last Date for Military Nursing Service 2014 : Application should reach the following address latest by 14.01.2014.
The Integrated Headquarters of Ministry of Defence (Army),
Adjutant General's Branch,
DTE Gen of Medical Services ( Army ) / DGMS-4B,
Room No 45,
'L' Block Hutments,
New Delhi – 110 001.
The Indian Army office will not be held responsible for any postal delay.
14. The following documents should be enclosed ( attested copies only ) along with MNS 2014 application :
- Matriculation Certificate / School Leaving Certificate ( indicating date of birth ).
- Valid registration certificate of upgraded PG / PB B.Sc / B.Sc Nursing course.
- PG / PB B Sc / B Sc Nursing certificate & marklists.
- NCC Certificate, if any.
- Character Certificate issued by a Gazetted Officer.
- Proof of Indian Nationality ( Nationality / Domicile certificate ) issued by Tehasildar / SDM.
- No Objection certificate from the present employer, if employed.
- Two self addressed envelopes ( 27cm X 12 cm ) one with 40/- postal stamp and the other with 7/- postal stamp affixed respectively.
15. Bank Demand Draft : A non-refundable bank demand draft of SBI of 150/- ( Rupees one hundred and fifty only ) in Favour of DGAFMS ( APF ) Fund, payable at SBI, Central Secretariat, New Delhi is to be enclosed. Name and address of the candidate must be written on the rear side of the draft.
16. All the documents should be properly tagged in the sequence as follows :
Application followed by documents as listed in para 14 (a) to (g), then admit card and lastly envelopes. Documents should not be stapled. This office will not be held responsible for loss of any documents while handling at any stage.
Information also available on website :
www.indianarmy.nic.in / www.indianarmy.gov.in

subset: commoncrawl


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Yup there is a ho AMV out, why don't you go download it?
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This forum is to announce newly created/released anime music videos.
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|June 29, 2016 Edition
Welcome to Press Release 365!
Login | Register | FAQs | Contact
Cowboy Crisis Fund - A Hand Up , Not A Hand Out.
Nov 13, 2007
Priefert Mfg Co and George Strait are teaming up again to help raise money for the Justin's Cowboy Crisis Fund. This year at the 2007 National Finals Rodeo in Las Vegas, Priefert will offer a chance for some lucky rodeo/country music fan to win 4 front row tickets & backstage Meet & Greet passes to a George Strait Concert, and the specially custom painted roping chute from the 2007 George Strait Team Roping Championship.
Justin Cowboy Crisis Fund stands above the rest by dedicating 100% of all contributions received for disbursement to eligible applicants, is made possible by the joint commitment of the Justin Boot Company and the PRCA.
Lend a helping hand to our Professional Rodeo Athletes and give yourself a chance to win this great prize from a country Music legend.
Keywords: Priefert, George Strait, Cowboy Crisis Fund, JCCF, sport of rodeo Sports » Other
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STANFORD, Calif. – The No. 12 Stanford men's rowing team will try and maintain its consistency this Sunday at the Pac-12 Championships.
Since the 2006 season, the Cardinal has finished third at the Pac-12 Championships in six of the seven years. Stanford was third each of the last two seasons.
Heading into the 2014 conference regatta, the top two teams in the nation are from the Pac-12. Washington received all 13 first place votes in the latest poll, while Cal sits at No. 2 overall. Those two schools are expected to battle it out for the top two spots. Stanford and No. 14 Oregon State are also among the top 20 in the rankings, while Colorado and Washington State round out the field.
Stanford's varsity eight and frosh eight is seeded third heading into the weekend, while the second varsity eight and varsity four is seeded fourth.
The Cardinal's highest finish at the Pac-12 Championships is second place. Stanford was the runner-up in 1993 and tied for second in 1968.
Last year at the Pac-12 Championships the Cardinal varsity eight took silver, overtaking Cal at the finish. The second varsity eight finished third, the frosh eight sixth and the varsity four fifth overall.
Times for this weekend's men's races are 9:15 a.m. for the frosh eight, 9:45 a.m. for the varsity four, 10:15 a.m. for the second varsity eight and 10:45 a.m. for the varsity eight.
Live results will be available by going to http://jamcotimes.com/2014/pac12/.


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Haydn Taylor is an industrial designer with nearly ten years of experience in CGI. "Cocktail Glass" was created in 3ds max 4 and modeled in Solidworks (it is a real world injection molding).
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Steele will coach the inside linebackers while defensive coordinator Kirby Smart will move to the secondary
Named Executive Head Coach for the Seminoles in 2005, Steele has also earned a reputation as an outstanding recruiter. He was named the Rivals.com National Recruiter of the Year after landing the nation's no. 1-ranked recruiting class at FSU in 2005. His pupils include Michael Boulware, a finalist for the 2004 NFL Rookie of Year Award with the Seattle Seahawks and Ernie Sims, the ninth overall pick by the Detroit Lions in the 2006 NFL Draft.
Steele was the head coach at Baylor University from 1999-2002 before moving to Florida State. He coached the linebackers for the NFL's Carolina Panthers from 1995-98 before taking the head coaching job at Baylor and had assistant coaching stints at Nebraska (1989-94), Tennessee (1987-88), Oklahoma State (1984-86) and New Mexico State (1983).
As a player, Steele spent his freshman year at Furman before transferring to Tennessee, where he was a member of Johnny Majors' 1978 and 1979 squads. He stayed on as a student assistant coach in 1980 and then as a graduate assistant in 1981. He was promoted to outside linebackers coach in 1982. Steele then moved to New Mexico State, where he served as recruiting coordinator and linebackers coach in 1983. From 1984-86, he coached linebackers and tight ends at Oklahoma State. He returned to his alma mater in 1987 and spent two years as the defensive backs coach for the Volunteers.
From 1989-94, Steele coached the linebackers under Nebraska legend Tom Osborne. During his six years in Lincoln, the Cornhuskers went 60-11, appeared in six bowl games, won four conference championships and captured the 1994 national championship with a 13-0 record. In 1995, Steele made the jump to the NFL as the linebackers coach at Carolina. Under head coach Dom Capers, the Panthers reached the NFC Championship game in their second season (1996). After four years with Carolina, Steele was hired as head coach at Baylor in 1999.
Steele is a native of Dillon, S.C. and a 1981 graduate of the University of Tennessee. He and his wife, Linda, have one son, Gordon (an offensive lineman at Valdosta State) and one daughter, Caroline.


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Chef Michelle Bernstein, who runs Michy's and Crumb on Parchment, is giving a free cooking demonstration at 7 p.m. Thursday, May 23, at Macy's in the Aventura Mall.
The theme of this event is Americana, so look for tips on how to make American dishes. You can RSVP here.
With any purchase of $40 or more in Housewares, customers will receive a $10 Macy's gift card and a copy of Bernstein's cookbook, which she will sign after the event.


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Examination Rules: GENERAL RULES FOR EXAMINATION: Federal Board of Intermediate and Secondary Education (FBISE) Islamabad Pakistan (Matric SSC HSSC Intermediate)
1.1Â Â Definitions
In this calendar, unless there is anything repugnant in the subject or context:
- "Board†means the Federal Board of Intermediate & Secondary Education Islamabad.
- "Chairman, Secretary and Controllers of Examinations†means Chairman, Secretary and Controller of the Examination of the Board.
- "Head of an Institution†means the Principal of a College or Higher Secondary School or the Headmaster or Headmistress of a School.
- "Headmaster†and "Headmistress†include the Principal of School.
- "Institution†means a college or a school.
- "Teacher†means a person engaged in teaching work in affiliated institution or in an institution affiliated to a University or any other person recognized as such by the Board.
- "Student†means a regular student on the roll of an affiliated institution.
- "Examination†means an examination conducted by the Board and includes an examination recognized as equivalent.
- "Teaching Experience†denotes teaching experience in the subject in an institution recognized by the Board or a College affiliated to a recognized University.
- "Superintendent†means a teacher/person who acts as the Superintendent of an examination centre of the Board.
- "Examination Centre†means a premises used by the Board for holding an examination.
- "Prescribed†means prescribed in the regulations or prescribed by the Board, in any form, as the case may be.
- "Answer Book†means the document containing the answer or answers as given by a candidate during examination to the question or questions contained in the question paper meant for the said examination (and include a part of an answer book).
- "Question Paper†means a document containing the question(s) to be given at an examination to be answered by the candidate.
- "Examiner†means a person appointed by the Board for the purpose of examining and assessing the answer books of a candidate or his/her ability through a written or oral/practical examination and award marks thereof. This also includes a person appointed to check the standard of marking of such examiner and instructing him/her in assessing the marks to be awarded by him/her and also includes a person who sets a question paper.
- "Academic year†means the total period during which instructions are imparted by the institution.
q.  "Ex-student†means a regular student after having appeared SSC-II/HSSC-II examination and declared fail.
r.   "Private Candidate†means a candidate not on the rolls of an affiliated institution after 31st December and 31st January at SSC and HSSC levels respectively, before appearing in the examination.
- "Tabulator†means a person, specially engaged for tabulating the result from counterfoils of award lists or from such other material as may be provided to him/her by the office.
- "Scrutineer†means a person engaged to check the compilation of the result by comparison of award lists and the result sheets prepared by the office.
u. The words imparting the masculine gender be taken to include females, and words in singular shall include the plural and vice versa.
- Terms not expressly defined in the regulations shall bear an interpretation that may be determined by the Board.
1.2 Â Â General
a. Â Â Â Â All examinations of the Board shall be held at such places and dates as it may decide from time to time. The date for commencement of examination as well as the last date for the receipt of examination forms and fees shall be notified through institutions and the local press well in advance.
b. Â Â Â Â The fees of admission to examination shall be such as may be determined by the Board from time to time.
c. Â Â Â Â The programme of practical examination shall be notified through the respective institutions and centre of examinations.
d. Â Â Â Â It shall be the responsibility of candidates to find out and know the correct date, time, place of examination and the seats earmarked for and allotted to them at the centre of examinations.
e.     (1)    All registered students of an affiliated institution shall be eligible for admission to the examination of the Board as provided under these rules.
(2) Â Â Â Private candidates who fulfil the conditions laid down for their admission to the examination shall be eligible to sit in the examination.
(3)    Such other students shall be eligible for admission to the Board's examination as may be permitted by the Chairman to appear from time to time.
f. Â Â Â Â Â A candidate who ignores the cautions, warnings and instructions prescribed by the Board shall himself/herself be responsible for any mistake or eventual mishap, which may occur to him/her at the examination.
g. Â Â Â Â The candidate shall not be allowed to appear in any examination of the Board if he/she has been expelled/ rusticated/ disqualified/ debarred by any affiliated institution or Board/ examining body.
h. Â Â Â Â The following shall be the medium of examination:
(1) Â Â Â Urdu
(2) Â Â Â English
(3) Â Â Â Approved provincial language. (Permission to use an approved provincial language as medium of examination shall have to be sought).
i. Â Â Â Â Â Action taken by the Chairman towards regulating the examinations and ensuring that the examinations are conducted and concluded satisfactorily shall not be called into question in any executive, administrative or judicial proceedings except the Controlling Authority i.e. Board of Governors and the Ministry of Education which may review the same and give such instructions as it may decide.
j. Â Â Â Â Â The Chairman shall have power to exclude any candidate from any examination, if he/she is satisfied that such a candidate is not a right person to appear in it.
k. Â Â Â Â Notwithstanding anything contrary to these rules, no candidate who is undergoing any restriction at the time of submitting the application form or during the period of examination or who was expelled during the academic year just preceding the date of examination at which he/she intends to appear shall be admitted to the examination.
1.3 Â Â Re-examination/ Quashing/ Revision of Results
- If the Chairman is satisfied that a situation did arise or has arisen which calls for re-examination of paper(s) in particular subject(s), it may issue necessary directions to that effect.
- Notwithstanding any thing contrary to these rules the Chairman shall have the power to:
(1)Â Â hold a special examination for any reason;
(2)Â Â cancel the paper/entire examination(s) held at a particular centre/all centres if he is satisfied that the examination has not been held under proper conditions and make necessary arrangements of affected candidates in the same year or when it deems fit.
c. Â Â Â Â The Chairman shall have the power to quash the result of candidate wholly or partially after it has been declared, in case:
(1) Â Â Â he/she has been disqualified on account of using unfairness in the examination;
(2) Â Â Â a mistake is found in his/her result;
(3) Â Â Â it is found that he/she was not eligible to appear in the examination;
(4) Â Â Â there is any other reason which may be determined by the Chairman.
d. Â Â Â Â If in quashing the result under rule c (2) and c (3) a candidate is declared as failed who was previously declared to have passed in an examination, the Board may, after considering the circumstances of the case give to the candidate the benefit of any privilege which he/she may have acquired by studying in the next higher class in an affiliated institution or taking an examination conducted by the Board.
e. Â Â Â Â The Board shall have the powers to revise the result of the candidate(s) in a particular subject(s) before declaration, if it is satisfied that a malafide has been shown by the examiner or any other concerned person. In such a case the revision will be made by the examiner(s) appointed by the Chairman.
f.      The special examiner appointed by the Chairman under clause 'e'. above shall be paid remuneration as admissible to the sub-examiners per copy or the minimum charges payable to sub-examiner(s) under Board's rules.
1.4 Â Â Loss of answer book(s) of a candidate
a. Â Â Â Â If any answer book of candidate is lost at the centre after having been received by the Centre Superintendent of the examination or by any of the invigilator(s) or in transition and if he/she passes in all other subjects of the examination, he/she may be required to reappear in that particular paper in which the answer book was lost, on a date fixed by the Chairman and if he/she obtains pass marks he/she shall be deemed to have passed the examination.
b. Â Â Â Â If an answer book of a candidate received by the office or by an examiner is lost, the Chairman shall have the power to decide:
(1) Â Â Â whether the candidate be given the average of marks, earned by him, in the missing paper;
(2) Â Â Â whether the candidate be required to appear again in that paper on a date to be fixed by the Chairman.
c. Â Â Â Â The following formula shall be applicable for determining the average of missing paper(s) both at SSC and HSSC levels:
(1)Â Â Â Compulsory Paper(s): Average of other Compulsory Papers
(2)Â Â Â Â Science Paper(s): Average of other Science Papers
(3)Â Â Â Â Elective Paper(s): Average of other Elective Papers
(4)Â Â Â Â Practical Papers(s): Average of other Practical Papers
(5)    Average of Mathematics Paper shall be determined either on the    average of Science Papers or on the average of Elective Papers, as the case may be.
d. Â Â Â Â In case of a dispute whether answer book(s) of candidate(s) was/were duly received or not, the decision of the Chairman shall be final.
1.5 Â Â Rechecking of answers book(s)
a.     The answer book of a candidate in any examination shall not be reassessed under any circumstances. However, after the publication of the results of the Board's examination, if a candidate, whether passed or failed, has strong grounds and belief that some mistake has been made in connection with his results, he/she may apply to the Controller of Examinations (Secrecy) on prescribed application form along with attested photocopy of Marks Sheet for re-checking of his answer book in one paper or more as the case may be on payment of prescribed fee.
b.     Application for re-checking shall be received upto 30 days from the date of announcement of the result.
c.     The Chairman may accept the application for rechecking of answer books upto 10 days from the expiry of the date in exceptional cases.
d.     The candidate or any body on his/her behalf has no right to see or examine the answer books for any purpose.
e.     Whereas the re-checking does not mean reassessment or re-evaluation of the answer book, the Chairman or any officer of a Re-checking Committee appointed by him shall see that:
(1)Â Â Â Â there is no mistake in the grand total on the title page of the answer book;
(2)Â Â Â Â the total of various parts of a question has been correctly made at the end of each question;
(3)Â Â Â Â all totals have been correctly brought forward on the title page of the answer book;
(4)Â Â Â Â no portion of any answer has been left un-marked;
(5)Â Â Â Â total marks in the answer book tally with the marks sheet;
(6)Â Â Â Â the answer book or any part thereof has not been changed/detached;
(7)Â Â Â Â the handwriting of the candidate tally in the questions/ answer book.
f. Â Â Â Â Â The Re-checking Committee in the event of detection of any omission or mistake in the script or in the compilation of the result of a candidate shall report the case to the Controller of Examinations/Chairman who will get the omission rectified by referring the answer book to the concerned examiner and after such rectification a revised mark sheet will be issued after surrendering the previous one.
g. Â Â Â Â If the Re-checking Committee/officer concerned of the Board finds, subject to provisions made under rule e. above, any discrepancy by virtue of which the marks of the candidate are decreased the record shall be corrected accordingly and revised marks sheet issued after the previous one is surrendered.
h. Â Â Â Â If any such candidate refuses to surrender his/her marks sheet required under rule g. above shall be treated as to have misbehaved. As such his result shall be liable to cancellation and to any other penalty awarded by the Chairman/Committee or officer appointed by the Chairman.
i. Â Â Â Â Â The Chairman shall also have the powers to effect the recovery of the marks sheet by force through any of the law enforcing agencies.
1.6Â Â Â Refund of examination fee
Examination fee once paid shall not be refunded or transferred to a subsequent Examination even if the candidate fails to present himself for the Examination, except in the following cases:
a.     If the name of the candidate has been submitted by the Head of the Institution, but later on his attendance is found short of the required percentage and his name has been withdrawn at least 30 days before the commencement of Examination, fee so deposited will be refunded 90%.
b.     If the candidate after having deposited the fee and Examination Form is declared ineligible to appear in an Examination, his Admission Form will be rejected and 90% of fee will be refunded.
c.     If the amount paid in the Board's funds is in excess of the amount due from the candidate/institution as admission fee or late fee or both as the case may be, the amount in excess shall be refunded.
d.     If admission fee is paid but the admission form is not submitted and as a result the candidate has not taken the examination, 90% of the fee deposited will be refunded.
e.     If the candidate is declared pass in the subject(s) on rechecking basis or correction in result (even Roll No. is allotted), 90% of deposited fee meant for examination shall be refunded.
f.      If a candidate dies before appearing in the examination 100% fee shall be refunded, to his/her legal heirs.
g.     A claim for refund of any fee, if admissible under the rules, must be made within one year after the fee is deposited. No claim shall be entertained after that date.
h. The application for refund of examination fee in all the cases mentioned above (except clause f) shall be processed after declaration of result of the related examination.
1.7 Â Â Appointment of Amanuensis/Writer
a. Â Â Â Â An amanuensis shall be allowed at the examination centre if requested for in the case of:
(1) Â Â Â a blind candidate.
(2) Â Â Â a candidate who is permanently or temporarily disabled from writing with his/her own hand.
b. Â Â Â Â On application by the candidate or his/her guardian on prescribed form, Controller of Examinations concerned may permit the appointment of amanuensis and inform the Superintendent of the Centre concerned for making arrangements.
c. Â Â Â Â A medical certificate issued by the civil surgeon, MS of Govt. Hospital or head of an organization established by the Government for disabled shall be provided that the candidate is disabled either permanently or temporarily and that he/she is not able to write with his/her own hand.
d.     The amanuensis shall be a regular student of eighth class if a candidate is appearing in SSC Part-I or II (or both) examinations and of matriculate if the candidate is appearing in HSSC Part-I or II (or both) examinations. The amanuensis will produce a certificate from head of institution verifying his/her being a bonafide student as such.
e. Â Â Â Â The Centre Superintendent shall arrange a separate accommodation for the disabled/blind candidate and appoint special invigilator for him/her.
f. Â Â Â Â Â No remuneration shall be paid to the amanuensis by the Board. The special invigilator provided to disabled/blind candidate shall however be paid by the Board.
g. Â Â Â Â No additional fee shall be charged from a candidate who has been allowed an amanuensis.
h. Â Â Â Â Disabled/Blind/Amanuensis/Writer candidates may be given 45 minutes extra time for writing their answers at the centre.
1.8 Â Â Change of examination centre
a.     Change of centre shall not be allowed under normal circumstances. However, under special circumstances stated below permission for change of centre may be granted.
b.     Candidate will be allowed change of centre if his father or guardian has been transferred within Pakistan and shifted in case of candidates abroad. The application should be accompanied by a photocopy of transfer order (in case of an employee) duly attested by the head of institution who attested the admission form and in case of shifting from abroad or vice versa, an attested copy of passport must be provided. The change of centre shall only be allowed by the Chairman or his authorized officer.
c.     Each application for change of centre shall be accompanied by the prescribed fee as prescribed by the Board from time to time which shall not be refunded even if the change is not allowed.
d.     No change from one centre to another in the same city/ twin city shall be allowed under any circumstances.
e.     An application for change of centre shall ordinarily be entertained upto 30 days before the commencement of examination. However, Chairman in exceptional cases, may accept the application after the stipulated period and allow change of centre at any time.
f.      In case the Chairman feels necessary, he may order change of centre of candidate(s) at any time, before or during the examination, for any reason not necessarily to be disclosed to the candidate(s).
1.9Â Â Â Inspection of Examination Centre
a. Every examination centre (within Pakistan and Abroad) shall be open to inspection by the Chairman/Secretary or Controller of Examinations (Conduct) and such other officers as authorized by the Chairman or Controller of Examinations (Conduct) on his behalf.
b.     There shall also be the Centre Inspectors who shall be required to visit centre allotted to them during the course of examination and check that the examinations are being conducted properly according to the rules.
c.     The Centre Inspectors referred to above may be drawn from amongst Board's Members, Board's officers, Retired or Serving Inspectors of Schools, Education Officers, Head of Institutions, Senior Officers of the Department of Education and Professors of the Universities etc.
d. Every centre inspector shall submit/ dispatch his/her inspection report on  prescribed form on the same day to the Controller of Examinations (Conduct).
1.10 Conditions for qualifying the examinations
a.     In order to qualify the examination it shall be necessary for a candidate to pass in all the subjects. Where a subject comprises two papers it shall be necessary for him/her to pass at least in the subject on the aggregate of marks of the two papers.
b.     Where a subject involves practicals, it shall be necessary for a candidate to pass theory and practical separately.
c.     A candidate shall have to obtain at least minimum qualifying marks i.e. 33% in theory and practical, separately.
d.     Marks obtained by the candidate in theory paper-I will be combined with marks of theory paper-II of the subject or its alternative and similarly marks obtained in Practical-I with that of Practical-II of the subject for aggregate purpose.
e.     If a candidate fails either in the theory or practical of a paper the marks obtained by him/her in theory and practical shall not be combined for aggregate purposes.
f.      If a candidate fails to pass in the subject on aggregate of the two papers of Part-I and Part-II (theory and practical) shall be declared fail in the paper in which he/she actually fails.
g.     Appearance in both the papers of a particular subject is necessary for the compilation of result.
h.     If a candidate fails to qualify in the subject on the aggregate of two papers he/she will be declared fail in the paper(s) in which he/she actually fails and shall be allowed to appear in compartmental/ failure paper(s), if otherwise eligible.
i.      A candidate failing in more than two (02) subjects in class SSC-II/HSSC-II examination shall have to appear in all the subjects of that examination in the next Annual examination as a fresh one, while a candidate in 2 or less than 2 subjects would be placed under compartment and would appear in the failed paper(s)/subject(s) at the examination within the prescribed chances i.e. two subsequent attempts of Supplementary and next Annual examination.
j. Â Â Â Â Â Â A regular/private candidate, who does not appear in SSC Part-I/HSSC Part-I examination, due to any valid reason, may appear in SSC Part-I/HSSC Part-I or in both the parts, if otherwise eligible.
k.     A regular/private candidate failing in any number of subjects in SSC/HSSC examination will be eligible for grace marks up to 6 (six) only and these marks would be allowed in upto two subjects only in the said examination.
l.      ONE mark shall be allowed to all those candidates loosing higher grade by one mark.
m.    No grace marks shall be allowed to candidates who appear for improvement of marks/grade or in additional subject(s).
n. Case of extreme hardship presented to the Chairman for grant of marks upto a maximum of five marks, may be considered by the Chairman in favour of the candidate in order to alleviate the hardship provided that:
(1) the candidate does not avail of double benefit in terms of provision of grace marks and/or award of one mark towards better grade, after award of the said marks under hardship.
(2) in determining the hardship, the decision of the Chairman shall be final.
1.11 Eligibility and reappearance in the Secondary/Higher Secondary School Certificate Examination
a. Â Â Â Candidate who fails in paper(s) of Part-I may appear in un-cleared papers of Part-I along with Part-II.
b.     A candidate failing in more than two (02) subjects in class SSC-II/HSSC-II examination shall have to appear in all the subjects of that examination in the next Annual examination as a fresh one, while a candidate in 2 or less than 2 subjects would be placed under compartment and would appear in the failed paper(s)/subject(s) at the examination within the prescribed chances i.e. two subsequent attempts of Supplementary and next Annual examination.
c.     The result of SSC Part-I and HSSC Part-I examination shall remain intact for a period of two (02) years after the date of its declaration.
d.     No additional examination chance shall be provided in lieu of the allowed chance of appearing in theory or practical examination missed on the part of candidate for any reason.
e. The special children (physically handicapped deaf & dumb and blinds) may qualify the examination without any restriction of the number of examination opportunities/attempts. Medical Certificate issued by the Specialist or Civil Surgeon of any Government Hospital is a pre-requisite for the purpose. These students shall be exempted from all sort of fee payable to the Board.
f.  After availing all chances, candidate can change the subject/group at his own discretion, but he will not be allowed to appear in the Supplementary Examination.
g.  Failure candidates of SSC-II/HSSC-II after availing their permissible chances will be eligible to appear as Ex/Private in SSC-I/HSSC-I or SSC-I & II/HSSC I & II or both parts.
h. A student, who has completed the courses but does not appear in SSC-I/HSSC-I examination or having appeared has passed/failed/absent, shall be eligible to join the class in which he/she was studying, not later than 20 days to the re-opening of the institution after summer vacations or after the declaration of the examination result whichever is later. A student can also get his/her all papers of SSC-I/HSSC-I cancelled for re-appearing in these papers along with SSC-II/HSSC-II. However, he/she shall invariably apply through institution for cancellation of his/her previous result. The cancellation form, along with original result card, will be forwarded to the Board within specified period.
i. Â A student is allowed facility of re-appearing in one or two papers of
SSC-I/HSSC-I along with SSC-II/ HSSC-II examinations for the purpose of improvement.
1.12 Supplementary Examination
a.     Supplementary Examination shall be held after declaration of Annual Examination result of that year but before the next Annual Examination.
b.     Supplementary Examination shall be open to:
(1)Â all compartmental candidates of SSC-II and HSSC-II Annual Examinations.
(2)Â Â Â Â Â all those candidates of SSC-II/HSSC-II who were issued Roll Numbers in Annual Examination but for any reason could not appear at all and remained absent in all papers.
(3)Â Â Â Â Â all candidates who desire to improve the grade/marks.
1.13 Improvement of Grade/Marks
a.    A candidate who has already passed the SSC-II or HSSC-II examination (annual/supplementary) shall be given one opportunity to reappear for improvement of grade/marks in the examination as an Ex-candidate in the current course, provided he/she avails the concession within a period of one year of passing the said examination and before appearing in any higher examination held by a Board or University. If a candidate submits his/her admission form for improvement of grade/marks and does not avail the opportunity, he/she may avail the next chance within the time limits as specified above.
b. Â Â Â If a candidate succeeds in improving his/her grade/marks, a Result Card showing the improved grade/marks shall be issued to him/her without surrendering previous Result Card.
c.      Opportunity for improvement of grade/marks will not be provided to those candidates who have passed the Secondary/Higher Secondary School Certificate Examination from the Boards of Education other than the Federal Board.
d.      Candidates who wish to improve their marks in SSC or HSSC examinations can do so by re-appearing in upto two subjects/papers of their choice or Part-I or Part-II or both the parts/entire examination as the case may be, within a period of one year of passing the relevant examination.
e.       No application for improvement of grades/marks shall be considered without prescribed fee (non-refundable) for improvement of grades/marks.
1.14 Submission of Admission Form and Fee
a.     Every candidate on the roll of an institution and registered with the Board shall submit his/her application for admission to the examination on the prescribed form and remit the prescribed fee through the head of the institution concerned so as to reach the Board on the dates as notified by the Board.
b.     Every Ex/Private candidate shall submit his application for admission to the examination duly attested by Head of an affiliated institution located nearest to the candidate's residence on prescribed form complete in all respects and remit the prescribed fee to the Board within such dates as may be fixed by the Board.
c.     Those institutions/candidates who mail their admission forms to the Board must dispatch them at least three (03) days before the last date specified by the Board to avoid payment of extra fee and rejection of admission forms.
d.     No late fee shall be charged from a candidate if his result is declared after the last date prescribed for submission of admission form and fee, provided the admission form and fee are received in the Board's office within 15 days from the date of declaration of his result, but before commencement of examination in which he intends to appear.
e.     Admission form will only be accepted if the requisite admission fee is deposited along with it. In case, the fee is short of the required amount the admission form will be accepted after full fee is deposited which is due according to schedule notified by the Board.
f.      No admission form of regular candidate for his examination shall be entertained in absence of the Registration number.
g.     Fees from foreign national students studying in Board's affiliated Institutions within Pakistan shall be charged at par with the candidates of overseas Pakistani Institutions.
1.15 Change of elective Subject/Group/Category
a. Â Â Â Â The students of affiliated institutions and private candidates will be permitted to change their subject(s)/Group of subjects once offered by them only in accordance with the conditions laid down in these rules.
b.    Elective subject(s)/Group offered by or allowed to regular students in class IX/ XI in the beginning of the session shall not be changed ordinarily. If however, change of elective subject(s)/Group is/are absolutely necessary in the interest of a student keeping in view his/her aptitude and interest, the change will be allowed provided the case is referred by Head of Institution and he/she is able to complete the required attendance in the changed subject(s)/Group.
c.    The change will be allowed only for a particular examination.
d.    After a candidate has appeared at SSC-II/HSSC-II Examination, he shall not be allowed to change any subject
e.    Change of category from Regular to Private is allowed provided that the student has not attended classes for studies in any affiliated institution after 31st December and 31st January at SSC and HSSC levels, respectively.
f. Application for change of subject(s) in case of regular candidate shall be entertained up to 30th November of that year. In case of private candidate, the permission for change of subject(s) may be obtained up to one month before commencement of examination with prior permission of Controller of Examinations (Conduct).
g.    The cases of candidates, which do not fall under any of these rules, may be referred, by the Head of the institution concerned, to the Chairman, who will decide each case on its merit.
h.    A candidate who seeks permission to change the group or subject offered by him shall give the option finally and the permission once issued will not be cancelled.
i.  A regular candidate failing at SSC-II/HSSC-II Annual Examination may reappear as ex-candidate of his respective institution within the allowed chances only in the same group and subjects which he offered in the last examination as a regular candidate.
j.     Before appearing, at part-I of the SSC/HSSC Examination, a student may with the permission of the Principal, change one or more elective subjects in the same group of subjects provided he is able to complete the required attendance in the changed subject(s) or Group of subjects during the Academic year.
k.    After a candidate has appeared in Part-I of SSC/HSSC Examination he will not be allowed to change any individual subject or subjects except in exceptional cases which would be referred to the Chairman whose decision shall be final.
l.     A student having appeared in SSC Part-I/HSSC Part-I Examination as a private candidate may change his category from private to regular and seek admission in Class X/XII, provided:
(1)Â Â Â Â The Head of affiliated institution is prepared to admit him in class X/XII on the basis of class IX/XI result.
(2)Â Â Â Â He takes the same subject(s)/group in class X/XII as indicated by him in the admission form for Class IX/XI.
(3)Â Â Â Â Change of category from private to regular is allowed up to 31st December.
(4)Â Â Â Â Student changing category in class XII from private to regular and vice versa is not allowed to appear in Science group or such other subjects those involve practical(s).
1.16 Examination of Additional Subjects
a.     A candidate who has passed the SSC/HSSC examination or an examination recognized as equivalent thereto, he may appear in additional subject(s) not offered by him previously.
b. (1)Â Â Â Â A candidate after one year of passing SSC-II/HSSC-II examination can appear in one additional subject such as Mathematics which does not require practical examination that too in current course, within two years of passing the examination.
(2) Â Â Â A candidate after having passed an examination of a foreign agency which has been declared as equivalent to SSC/HSSC by the IBCC may appear in first available opportunity in additional subject(s) required for seeking admission to a higher class in first available opportunity.
(3)Â Â Â Â A candidate passing additional subject(s) will be issued certificate of additional subject(s) only and this examination shall have no baring on his/her grade as such it will not be considered as improvement in grade/marks.
(4) A candidate failing in additional subject shall not be allowed the 2nd attempt.
(5) Â Â Â A candidate may appear in Pakistan Studies and Islamiyat as additional subject(s) in the first available opportunity.
(6)Â Â Â Â A candidate who is allowed to appear in additional subject(s) by the IBCC may qualify his examination without any restriction of the number of opportunities / attempts.
(7)Â Â Â Â If a candidate submits his/her admission form for additional subject(s) exam and does not avail of the opportunity, he may appear in the next chance, if otherwise eligible.
1.17 Constitution of Examination Centre
a. Â Â Â Â No place shall be constituted as a centre of examination unless:
(1)Â Â Â Â adequate arrangements for furniture, accommodation, laboratory equipment/material etc. are made to the satisfaction of the Controller of Examinations concerned by the institution;
(2) Â Â Â minimum number of candidates for constituting an examination centre shall be 50 (Boys)/25 (Girls) who are likely to appear at that centre for the examination.
b. Â Â Â Â Establishment of the examination centre is at the discretion of the Board. Even if the institution fulfills the conditions mentioned above, the Controller of Examinations may not constitute it as an examination centre without assigning any reason.
c. Â Â Â Â Notwithstanding anything contrary to these rules, the Chairman may permit to constitute a place, as a centre of examination under special circumstances on such terms and conditions as may be determined.
d. Â Â Â Â A special examination centre may be constituted on payment of prescribed fee, in case the number of candidates of an institution is less than the minimum number required to appear from a center as stated in a(2) above. In case the permission is not granted the fee shall be refunded after the deduction of service charges as prescribed by the Board from time to time.
e. Â Â Â Â Each institution shall make available to the Superintendent all facilities as are required for the constitution of a centre.
f. Â Â Â Â Â No examination centre shall be established at a place where an affiliated institution of the Federal Board does not exist.
g. Â Â Â Â The Chairman may suspend, shift and close any examination centre during the period of examination if he/she is satisfied that the circumstances so warrant.
h.     No School/College will be established as examination centre for its own students for theory papers. However, the practical examination will be conducted at students' own Alma Mater (wherever possible).
i. Â Â Â Â Â Where there is a single school/college at a station, special arrangements will be made on payment of prescribed fee, as determined by the Board from time to time.
j.      Supervisory staff for conduct of examinations will be appointed as indicated below from among the staff of School/College designated as examination centre:
(1)    Principal/Vice Principal                                 -        Centre Superintendent
(2)    Vice Principal/Senior Teachers                      -        Deputy Superintendent
(3)    Teaching Staff                                               -        Invigilators
(1)Â Â Â Â Principal/Vice Principal/Head Master/
Head Mistress/Deputy Head Master/
Deputy Head Mistress                                  -          Centre Superintendent
(2)Â Â Â Â Vice Principal/Deputy Head Master/
Deputy Head Mistress/Senior Teacher          -          Deputy Superintendent
(3)    Teaching Staff                                               -          Invigilators
1.18 Placement in Grades
A candidate, who has qualified for the grant of Secondary/ Higher Secondary School Certificate, shall be placed in one of the following grades:
|S. No. Percentage of Marks
|1. Â Â Â 80% and above
|2. Â Â Â 70% and above but below 80%
|3.   60% and above but below 70%
|Very good
|4. Â Â Â 50% and above but below 60%
|5. Â Â Â 40% and above but below 50%
|Very fair
|6. Â Â Â 33% and above but below 40%
1.19Â Declaration of Top Positions
a. Â Â Â Â A candidate shall be eligible for ranking among position holders who:
(1) Â Â Â qualifies SSC/HSSC Annual Examination in the first attempt;
(2) Â Â Â appears in the HSSC examination within 2 years of passing the SSC or equivalent examination.
(3) Â Â Â was admitted in class-IX/X, promoted to class-XI/XII and appeared in SSC/HSSC Part-I & II examination together.
b. Â Â Â Â A candidate shall not be considered eligible for ranking among position holders, if he/she
(1) Â Â Â repeats Part-I examination after getting previous Part-I result cancelled.
(2) Â Â Â does not appear/fail/pass in SSC Part-I/HSSC Part-I examination and rejoins class-IX/XI.
c. Â Â Â Â Position will be determined on the basis of actual awards shown on the answer books. However, the final award will be considered if errors/omissions are found by the Re-checking Committee appointed by the Chairman Board and the same have been rectified.
d. Â Â Â Â Positions will be declared on the basis of highest total marks, in order of merit.
e. Â Â Â Â Separate positions will be worked out for each group in the SSC as well as HSSC examination irrespective of gender discrimination in each group.
f. Â Â Â Â Â Positions once declared shall be liable to change if a discrepancy is found and corrected by the Board within six months of the declaration of the result, or completion of the rechecking cases, whichever is later.
g. Â Â Â Â The Board shall have the power to declare as many numbers of positions, as it may deem necessary.


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Your Adrenal Glands Part III: Adrenal Gland Interaction Within Your Body
No hormone in the body can work optimally on its own. It's common in today's medical mindset to try to isolate a problem by only looking at where there is dysfunction and not take into account how an organ will be influenced by another organ and in turn, influence others.
Take, for example, you're sitting at the airport in Atlanta waiting for your plane but it's delayed several hours due to a storm at its departure airport in Detroit. Though the storm is hundreds of miles away it's affecting you even though the problem isn't in Atlanta. Conventional methods will look to fix the problem in Atlanta rather than see if it's a result of something or somewhere else. The same process happens often in our bodies with one system affecting another which in turn has an effect somewhere else. Let's look at some common examples.
Blood Sugar and the Adrenals
The adrenal glands work with the pancreas to balance and regulate blood sugar. When you eat some carbohydrates (sugar), insulin from the pancreas helps to lower blood glucose levels. Yet when you need more sugar in your blood stream, it's the adrenals responsibility to secrete epinephrine or cortisol to either release some stored sugar (glycogen) or make it from some protein (amino acids). Many people feel like their blood sugar is dropping and they're hypoglycemic yet when they stick themselves to get a drop of blood to test their glucose level, it's perfectly normal. This is often due to a high cortisol level which is impairing that glucose from getting into the tissues. If you crave sugar then be assured that your adrenal glands are fatigued; it's a sign that your adrenal-pancreas balance is not functioning optimally.
Thyroid Problems and the Adrenals
Thyroid gland problems are one of the most common endocrine disorders of present day. They're as much of a diagnosed health problem today as pancreas problems (diabetes). The interaction of the thyroid and adrenals is very unique and very important to maintain health. When the adrenal glands are chronically stressed, eventually the thyroid hormone levels begin to drop and soon the person is told they have hypothyroidism and they need to go on a medication such as Synthroid. And if the adrenal glands are very fatigued, the thyroid may secrete more hormone to help provide the body with energy, resulting in a temporary hyperthyroid problem. Also, cortisol blocks the conversion of thyroid hormone T4 to T3, which can result in the body making more T4 and eventually lead to a thyroid disorder. Many people on thyroid meds continue to suffer from adrenal gland problems yet they constantly feel the need to increase their thyroid medication to give them sufficient energy where in reality they should be dealing with the adrenal issue.
Sex Hormones, Pregnancy, and the Adrenals
DHEA, which is secreted by the adrenal glands, (as well as around 5% by the testes/ovaries too), is the most abundant steroid hormone our body makes. DHEA further converts primarily into testosterone in men and estrogen in women. If the adrenals are not functioning well then sex hormone production will eventually be influenced as there is not enough DHEA to make the hormones. Yet, there is often a greater problem of high cortisol levels robbing the necessary building blocks of these hormones as a person uses many of those same substrates (vitamins and minerals) to make the cortisol to deal with the stress that they also need to make DHEA, estrogen, progesterone, and testosterone.
So if a man is under too much stress then his body will use up the precursors necessary for testosterone to now make cortisol, and subsequently DHEA and testosterone levels will fall. In a woman, a similar situation will happen with estrogen (from DHEA) but even more with progesterone which can not only result in health and sexual problems but also pregnancy issues too. Essentially rather than produce sufficient progesterone she'll make cortisol to deal with the stress problems in her life.
During the menstrual years, about one-third of a woman's testosterone comes from her adrenal glands, (the other two-thirds is from the ovaries). In menopause, her progesterone and testosterone levels will be determined by sufficient adrenal gland output. The adrenals, along with the liver and fatty tissue, should also provide a woman with sufficient estrogen levels during menopause. Unfortunately many women's adrenal glands are functioning so poorly that they cannot make the proper amounts of hormones to keep her healthy during those years.
In the follicular (preovulatory) phase of a woman's cycle, the progesterone primarily comes from the adrenal glands, not the ovaries (they provide progesterone during the second half of the cycle – the luteal phase). Therefore, if the adrenal glands are not functioning properly then a woman can suffer symptoms of low libido, ovulation problems, and especially PMS. Furthermore, a woman with adrenal gland problems suffering from sub-optimal progesterone levels will often have trouble getting pregnant and she is also at risk of a first trimester miscarriage as sufficient progesterone levels are of utmost importance during this time. Unfortunately, most OBGYN doctors do not realize the importance of the adrenal glands when investigating pregnancy or conception complications.
A fetus's adrenal glands are developing during the third trimester and if the mother has suffered from excessive stress and her adrenal gland function is hindered, then she can begin to draw from the baby's hormonal levels. This will result in the mother feeling physically and mentally great in the third trimester, (often better than the first two trimesters). But unfortunately the story does not often end well as it's a main reason for postpartum depression for the mom, (she no longer has those adrenal reserves once the baby is born), and the newborn is now left with fatigued adrenal glands which often manifests itself with health problems such as allergies and asthma.
Sleep, the Pineal Gland, and the Adrenals
The pineal gland sits deep in the center of the brain and produces melatonin, which regulates our sleep-wake cycle. Much like the circadian rhythm of the adrenal glands, the level of melatonin normally fluctuates during a 24-hour period. Melatonin levels should be highest at night, opposite those of cortisol, and lowest in the morning, when cortisol rises to its highest level of the day.
Abnormal melatonin-cortisol rhythms result in problems with sleep. Often with insomnia, cortisol levels are much higher than what they should be at that time of the night, and their suppression of melatonin results in the person being unable to fall asleep. Spikes in cortisol and/or epinephrine in the middle of the night, often as a result of blood sugar dysregulation, will cause the person to wake up and perhaps unable to get back to sleep depending on the severity of the hormonal spike.
The Heart, Blood Pressure, and the Adrenals
As mentioned previously, the hormone aldosterone secreted by the adrenal glands has a major effect on the blood pressure as well as the function of the entire cardiovascular system. An imbalance of electrolytes, regulated by the adrenal glands, can result in an abnormal heart rhythm, often either a racing heart rate or heart beat palpitations which many describe as a "flip-flop". This is often due to an imbalance of sodium and potassium levels in the body, which can be due to poor adrenal gland function. Of course it's wise to always have any heart problem checked out by your physician.
Many blood pressure medications directly impact these electrolyte levels. HCTZ is a common blood pressure med that acts as a diuretic, lowering potassium levels. ACE inhibitor medications such as Lisinopril effectively lower aldosterone levels and therefore decrease sodium levels which in turn lower blood pressure. Many high blood pressure patients are unfortunately prescribed multiple medications as a shot-gun approach; they're taking diuretics which deplete potassium, ACE inhibitors which deplete sodium, and even calcium channel blockers which displace calcium. Chronic electrolyte depletion, especially over time, can result in many health problems ranging from fatigue, to muscle cramps and joint pain, to even cardiovascular problems which they were prescribed to initially prevent. Of course this is does not mean you should stop or alter your medication without the advice of your prescribing physician. But it does mean that you should be informed about your health and the effects of medications on your health, both positive as well as negative.
In the fourth and final part of this adrenal gland series, I discuss steps you can take to recover from adrenal gland dysfunction or fatigue. After all, knowing that your adrenal glands are not working well means does you no good if you don't know how to correct the problem!
9 CommentsLeave a comment
Lorraine permalink
I know my adrenals are not up to par and have the strangest hip, inner thigh, knee and calf issues happening! I am sooo anxious to see the next article!
Lorraine permalink
Would like to read Part I but cannot find it…
MJ permalink
Will be very interested in next article. Will it also discuss the various testing options?
I am 47 yo female, distance runner, w/o a thyroid due to surgery for thyroid cancer following some yrs of Hashimoto's & being on low level of replacement. So I'm on thy meds (T4 & T3) as well as oral contraceptives, PPI & other meds for GERD/ulcers/hiatal hernia, have many food intolerances, probably in perimenopause also (such fun). In a recent heavy training period, lost weight and fat (more than seemed called for as wasn't trying to lose and was being careful about eating enough – eat Paleo), doc said my testosterone is low and in past (didn't test recently) cortisol was ok but DHEA was low. Suspect estrogen not right also, but perimeno fluctuations throwing that off.
Will be very interested in how one isolates that the problem is adrenals given all the systemic interactions. Also relationships to sleep, energy, training performance and recovery are of huge interest to me. It seems almost impossible to balance and feel well with so many systems and constant change!
One note – I had several months of strong hypoadrenal symptoms (orthostatic hypotension, salt cravings, exhaustion, etc) a few years ago and figured out it was because I had stopped the nasal corticosteroid spray (flonase, nasonex) that I'd been on for many years – it was basically withdrawal, from what I understand. It seemed to resolve on its own but was kinda scary. Sharing that in case it helps someone else.
Thanks for writing these columns.
Raffy permalink
I just wanted to say….great articles so far! Thanks!
Jan permalink
Thank you very much for taking the time to write such a comprehensive explanation of all this. Fascinating and at the same time, scary considering our increasingly stressful society.
Roland permalink
I am confused by your explanation of blood sugars and the adrenals. You say it is the, "adrenals responsibility to secrete epinephrine or cortisol to …release some stored sugar". A few sentences later you say, "high cortisol level(s)…impair glucose from getting into the tissues". I gather the distinguishing word here is "high". Could you explain how and at what point cortisol goes from being a benefit to being a problem?
Danyia permalink
This was so informative! I read all four. I am a 34 yr female, that has various things going on, and have been looking into a possible tumor on my pituitary gland. I have type 1 diabetes, diagnosed at 30. Didn't fit the profile at all, doctors were stunned. Then started having adrenal storms ( during my periods ) where my BP would jump up and drops and I get shaky, and it lasts for a couple days. Have been bedridden for a few years, and am trying to get to the bottom of this. Any Ideas? The more I read about the adrenal gland the more I am wondering if this all fits together? BP and my periods, and diabetes?


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Attending Seattle Seahawks games presents its own unique set of risks. Once a year I go down there, usually with my brothers-in-law and my father-in-law, and we come home exhausted and heavy. After all, all we've been doing there is … Continue reading
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Fullmetal Alchemist: The Sacred Star of Milos
by Richard von Busack
More adventures of the Elric brothers, blasted by the power of alchemy, restored somewhat by metal prosthetics. One is the intrepid, golden-eyed Ed, who sacrificed his arm to keep his Al alive when he was dying from an evil spell; there was a price to this preservation, since Al is now a grim, living suit of armor. In pursuit of a rogue magician who broke out of jail, killing several guards along the way, the Elrics travel to the border lands and get entangled into a complex desert Holy Land. The two end up at the bottom of a garbage-littered canyon, home of a nation of refugees called the Milos. They live in tunnels and caves like troglodytes, within site of their sacred mountain. An elite secret society of flying guerrillas called The Black Bats patrol its skies.
The second film derived from an anime series that ran 9 years, Fullmetal Alchemist has a dense, ambitious narrative. First timers will end up bewildered by the characters and the references to what's gone before. But one's grateful for a little bewilderment , especially when being spared yet another simple 'mythic' (in other words, plagiarized) battle between good and evil. It takes a while to understand what's going on, the way the power flows and what the characters mean to each other from the past. Soon it's clear: this is a sly and ultimately well-developed allegory to the Gaza Strip and other Palestinian enclosures, in which there are no out and out villains, and forbidden black magic substitutes for terrorism. Director Kazuya Murata and the studio called Bones (the latter is responsible for Cowboy Bebop) have here a film that's two-thirds of the way to the kind of work Studio Ghibli does. Action sequences are stirring, particularly a fight scene on top of a train between the brothers and some fearsome, 9 foot long "wolf chimeras" (werewolves that can overcome your boredom with werewolves fast). The violence can be extreme, but it's kept at a tasteful distance and sometimes even kept off camera: it never seems to be there just to pump up the audience. And the often-articulate subtitles shame the kind of cheap, crass dubbing that makes so much anime look crass and cheap.


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Recipe for Success
By Claudia McDonald on Oct 26, 2011
Get the party started. For your next customer get-together, make sure to serve up this quick, easy to make 30-minute shake and bake stack recipe. Start by taking the world's most popular database, add a tablespoon of engineered systems to accelerate its deployment, and serve with one cup of vendor support and what will you get? The Oracle Database Appliance!
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