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The whale graffiti incident of a 15-foot-long dead Minke whale has sparked outrage not just for one, but several reasons. The Minke whale had washed ashore under Atlantic City's Central Pier and its purple graffiti showed the Greek letters TEP, which appear to represent Tau Epsilon Phi, a fraternity that has chapters at several area schools, reported The Telegraph from Britain on May 4.
The dead animal was discovered on Thursday morning around 8 a.m. during a routine beach walk along New Jersey's shore, and according to Bob Schoelkopf of the Marine Mammal Stranding Center, the whale had washed ashore during a strong storm, showed no signs of trauma, and appeared to have been dead for several days. Unlike other items that the storm had tossed onto the beach, this one had been additionally tagged with graffiti.
According to a New Jersey News report, the graffiti found on the whale -- Greek letters that seem to belong to the fraternity Tau Epsilon Phi – were also found on the pier. Tau Epsilon Phi corresponds to the New York-based fraternity which has chapters at Rowan University, the University of Pennsylvania, and Rutgers University. The Greek letters TEP were followed by what appears to be the numbers "94."
The graffiti on the dead whale and on the pier, which police determined was not gang related but rather affiliated with Tau Epsilon Phi members, is being called a "reprehensible act" by the fraternity. As reported by The Telegraph, Spokesman Jesse Cohen says that even though it has not been confirmed that Tau Epsilon Phi members were involved, the fraternity considers the graffiti "contrary to its teachings and is cooperating with authorities."
Besides the fraternity, other people agree that marking a dead animal is disrespectful behavior towards nature. Bob Schoelkopf of the Marine Mammal Stranding Center commented that whales, dead or alive, are federally protected animals. "To do a dead animal, that's ridiculous." And other readers agree. "Some young people who think that some graphiti is okay especially on a deceased mammal? These kids are just showing how uncaring and immoral they really are; all animals (and humans) deserve some respect even when they are dead. What kind of society are we when we fail to teach our kids respect?"
While some people are outraged that a federally protected animal was marked with letterings, others are more upset about the fact that the dead animal was buried by the city's public works crew just eight feet beneath the beach near Atlantic City's Central Pier. Apparently, "the Marine Mammal Stranding Center attempted to conduct an autopsy of the whale to determine the cause of death, but it was too decomposed, and buried on the beach."
On the same day that the dead whale was found, a dolphin was found just a few blocks away on Indiana Avenue. And a day later, another dolphin was found in Ocean City. "Last summer, 93 dolphins washed up along the Jersey Shore, hit with cetacean morbillivirus." Cetacean morbillivirus (CeMV) is a virus that infects marine mammals including dolphins, porpoises, and whales. It is in the same family as the virus that causes measles in people. Symptoms of infection are often a severe combination of pneumonia, encephalitis and damage to the immune system, which greatly affect the marine animals' ability to swim and stay afloat.
According to a National Geographic report, the Cetacean morbillivirus was responsible for the strandings of hundreds of dolphins along the U.S. East Coast in 2013. The U.S. National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) Fisheries "are warning the public not to approach stranded dolphins [or any other marine mammal] as they could have secondary bacterial or fungal infections that could pose a risk to people, especially those with open wounds."
Ultimately, the whale graffiti incident is causing uproar not just because some kids made their "I was here" mark on a dead whale, but because they failed to report the dead animal. If the kids would have reported the dead marine animal to authorities, scientists could have done a timely biopsy and find out if the whale had suffered from CeMv. Any animal, even if dead, can be dangerous to humans. They should be approached with caution – not graffiti.
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Mar 25, 2013 8:55 AM
Sticking a piece of coal into your mouth sounds like a cruel and unusual punishment, but these Charcoal Toothbrushes ($8) might change your tune. They're made with binchotan, a deodorizing form of charcoal that helps keep your teeth and gums healthy and fresh.
If you've got a product or service that you'd like to promote on Outblush, click here to find out about our advertising opportunities.
Outblush is a blog for girls who love to shop. Our staff digs up the best clothes, home stuff, beauty items, and more. New items are posted every day — bookmark us and check out:

subset: commoncrawl


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Samson Manufacturing
Just a quick bit about my recent interaction with Samson Mfg.
On 6-2-12 I placed an order for one of their free float rails.
There was no mention on the site of the item being on back order so I figured I would have it pretty soon after ordering.
I ended up having to wait over a month to receive my order.
During this time I was in communication with Andrew and Bethany though e-mails. They were both always very prompt to reply and always had the information I was looking for.
Earlier this week I received a phone call from a very pleasant female to confirm payment method for my order since it was ready to ship.
It had been about 5 weeks since I initally placed my order and I would have my rail by the end of that week.
What did it for me was when the young lady called about my payment info I asked her if they could include one for their QD sling attachments since there was no mention of the back order on the site and I had to wait over a month for my product.
Hey, you never know until you ask. lol
This item has a 25.00 retail value.
The tone in her voice didn't seem very confident as she said she would see what she could do.
I could tell she didn't think she would be able to help me out.
Well, low and behold what do I find when I open the box but the little QD sling attachment!
I was really expecting to find nothing more than what comes with the rails but they did right by me.
They did what they needed to do to make the customer happy and it my book thats how you run a business.


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It's dinnertime at Tea-n-Bannock, a new aboriginal restaurant on Toronto's Gerrard Street East, and the kitchen staff are busy preparing affordable meals for a steady stream of native diners. They haven't come for wild meat or foraged vegetables. They're here for the deep-fried hot dogs wrapped in dough, fried baloney and Klik – a canned meat similar to Spam.
The most popular dish this evening is the Indian taco. It's a large piece of fried bannock – a bread introduced to native communities by Scottish settlers – covered in ground beef, lettuce, cheddar cheese, tomato, sour cream and store-bought salsa. Are these highly processed foods really considered native cuisine?
Until recently, aboriginal restaurants were practically non-existent in Canada; you could only buy the cuisine at first nations events or at the odd cafe on a reserve. In the past couple years, half a dozen restaurants have opened specializing in native food. Each one faces the challenge of trying to explain the concept to non-aboriginal diners; while just about every Canadian is familiar with Chinese fried rice, tacos and sushi, few have anything but a vague notion of our own indigenous cuisine.
Janine Manning, president of the Aboriginal Students' Association at York University, was excited to take her son to Tea-n-Bannock so he could enjoy the food she had eaten as a child visiting relatives in Neyaashiinigmiing, Ont. "Before, if you were in Toronto and you wanted to eat an Indian taco, or Kwik or baloney and bannock, you'd have to cook it or wait for the next powwow," she explains.
Ms. Manning, an environmental studies student, takes offence to the notion that native people's food is only such precontact items as wild game and berries. "These meals show our resilience in that we could produce a diet from pretty much nothing. People were packed into reserves and they weren't allowed to hunt or fish without permission of the Indian agent, so they had to make do with Indian Affairs rations, like pounds of lard, sugar and flour – essentially the colonizers' diet."
Even though Tea-n-Bannock isn't owned by an aboriginal – it's run by a white pastor at a native church and staffed by native people – Ms. Manning feels this is true aboriginal food because the cooks use their own family recipes.
Diners experience a very different interpretation of native cuisine at the stylish Keriwa Cafe in Toronto's Parkdale neighbourhood. Its "aboriginal inspired" dishes blend postcontact foods like Red Fife wheat with bison tongue, stinging nettle and wild garlic.
"We focus on ingredients that traditionally would have made up the landscape of Canada – things like whitefish, bison, foraged berries, foraged greens, pheasant, spruce and mushrooms," says owner Aaron Joseph Bear Robe, a classically trained chef and member of Alberta's Siksika Nation. "These are all things you would have found in this area of the world and would have been used by aboriginal people."
According to food historian Ian Mosby, a postdoctoral research fellow at the University of Guelph, Canadians typically think of aboriginal food as only consisting of precontact ingredients due to ignorance about native people's lives. The idea that aboriginal food has been frozen in time from an era before European settlement also sidesteps some unpleasant historical facts.
"Food has often been used as a weapon against aboriginal people, whether it's starvation on the Prairies in the run up to the signing of the numbered treaties or hunger and malnutrition in residential schools," says Mr. Mosby. "When you look at something like bannock, white settlers feel a lot of guilt, because this is food we see as being imposed on aboriginal people and reflecting this problematic colonial relationship."
Not all aboriginal restaurateurs are happy about the idea of including postcolonial industrial foods on their menus. Inez Cook is the co-owner of Vancouver's Salmon n' Bannock Bistro, a restaurant that serves items like free-range venison and saskatoon berry bannock pudding. She thinks the concept of a white-owned aboriginal restaurant serving industrialized meats is, well, baloney.
"I don't consider it aboriginal food," says Ms. Cook. "Unfortunately baloney is served in first nations communities where they're impoverished. It's a food that can go a long way to feed your family but there's not much nutritional value."
In Westbank, B.C., Kekuli Cafe has managed to bring locally sourced traditional foods and the popular favourites eaten by contemporary native communities together on one menu. The fast-food strip mall joint's slogan is "Don't Panic...We Have Bannock!" and they offer a baloney breakfast and Indian tacos, as well as venison stew and buffalo burgers.
"It's scary to try to portray first nations food because it's pretty much just cooking with whatever you have around you," says co-owner Sharon Bond-Hogg, a former aboriginal youth support worker in schools.
Meanwhile, the many aboriginal people who fill the room at Tea-n-Bannock are voting with their bellies. Indeed, it seems to be the only restaurant of this new crop that primarily serves native diners. "Food culture is what people actually eat – not some idealized vision," says Mr. Mosby. "If aboriginal people go to this restaurant and enjoy it and identify with it, that's the real indicator that it's aboriginal cuisine."Report Typo/Error
Follow us on Twitter: @GlobeFoodWine


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Joined IHG® Rewards Club at a Hotel?
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Contact your local IHG® Rewards Club Customer Care to source your PIN and to update your profile with your email address. When you receive your PIN you can also update your email address via www.ihg.com/updateemail.
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To book more than 9 rooms for one stay or request a quote, please use our Easy Meetings tool, call 1-800-MEETING (in United States, Mexico and Canada) or contact a Global Sales Office.
The newest addition to the Heart of Frenchtown, is the Holiday Inn Express Hotel and Suites Monroe, Michigan! We are conveniently located to I-75 at Exit 15, just a short drive to downtown Monroe, Dundee and Newport Michigan. With our world class service and many Monroe businesses, restaurants and attractions within walking distance or minutes from our front door, you'll discover why our guests have selected us as their preferred hotel in Monroe!
This state-of-the-art hotel
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This state-of-the-art hotel features special in room amenities such as free high-speed Internet Access, microwave and refrigerator, 50" flat panel LCD tv and free local calls. Whether you are staying with us for business or pleasure, take time to relax and enjoy our indoor heated swimming pool, Business Center, wireless Internet access in all public areas and Fitness Center.
Points of Interests:"
Companies: La-Z-Boy Headquarters,Fermi,Zhongding, DTE Energy, Johnson Controls, URS, Allscript, Cabela's, MTS Seating, Tenneco Automotive &Guardian Industries.
Hospitals: Mercy-Memorial Hospital.
Universities: Monroe County Community College.
Local Attractions: River Raisin Centre for the Arts, Sterling State Park, Lake Erie, Monroe Multi-Sports Complex, General Custer Memorial, Natures Creek Camel Rides/Exotic Zoo, Raisin River Golf Course, Nichols Ski and Snowboard.
"Stay Smart" at the Holiday Inn Express and Suites Monroe Michigan


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Listen up, North American HTC One owners, as we have some information of interest. Good news disguised as bad probably sums it up best, as Jason Mackenzie, the head honcho of HTC Americas, has followed up on recent reports about the One scoring the highly anticipated Android 4.4 KitKat update in Europe.
According to the exec, the One makers are not in a position to deliver on their self-imposed deadline from a while back, but they won't "miss it by much". Specifically, the 4.7-incher is not due for the chocolaty software bump by January 31 (it's the 30th, so we kind of had that figured out), instead having to wait an extra "one to two weeks" (so until February 15, at the latest).
Again, this is certainly good news, as long as HTC doesn't back down and carry out further delays. Besides, it's particularly encouraging because it suggests the OTAs on various networks will for once roll out quickly and promptly in lieu of the "gradual" bs Android users often need to endure.
Mind you, Mackenzie's announcement mentions North America as a whole, not only the States, so our friends up north shall rejoice in addition to Verizon, AT&T, Sprint and T-Mobile customers. Right, so stop apologizing, HTC. You might just do something right for a change. Your move, Samsung.
Via [HTC]


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The Simpsons is an Emmy Award winning American animated television sitcom made by Matt Groening and the Fox Network. The small family represents the dumb side of American society. There is no doubt that The Simpsons is a great game. It is absolutely fantastic. It will be nearly impossible to stop playing this fun-packed game once you have started to play it. It is really good.
It is sure to be your favorite once you try it because it is based on the t.v. series. Bart rides around on his skateboard and Marge can be pretty dangerous, especially after someone like Mr.


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Excellent contributions smn
I look forward to your other reviews
smn wrote:I hope it is not considered to be too rude to post late to a live tasting thread but I just couldn't make it earlier.
Yoichi 12
The nose is today relatively mild and gives me light sherry and just a hint of peat. I'm a bit surprised as I typically get the 'temples' and/or antique wooden furniture, but not today. Must be something with my nose.
The mouthfeel is robust with a notable pepperiness perfectly matching the sweet sherry. Mild peat comes through in the aftertaste. The malt is sweet, there is a salty element too. Very very enjoyable. It feels lively yet refined. I'd imagine that if Talisker would release a really good <15yo sherried dram, it would taste somewhat like this.
After a couple sips more, the peat feels stronger in the aftertaste. This is exactly the way I like my peat these days
Out of the basic Yoichi bottlings, this is probably my favourite. It's surprisingly different from the 10yo where the dominant cask type seems to be bourbon, and the 15yo which is milder and more refined. Unfortunately I haven't got the 10yo or 15yo handy for a head-to-head.
Next up, a single cask peated 1986 Miyagikyo.
Ryguy wrote:Nikka from the Barrel 51.4%
Color: Light amber
Nose: Dry like vanilla sweetness, mix of dark fruits with a nice range of spices.
Palate: Starts smooth, very bourbon like. More dark fruits and spices, very peppery as well. Some sweet candied apples towards the very end.
Finish: The finish is long, very spicy with some sweetness at the end.
Comment: This is an excellent dram! I can't believe it's a blend.
Many thanks to Ras for this sample!
smn wrote:
I reckon there must be some sherry casks in this but the profile and strength of the oak is not from typical sherry. Maybe some new oak or even mizunara in the mix? Does anyone know the type of casks used?
dramtastic wrote:I've loved every minute of it!


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It is a fit and flare with a sweetheart neckline and empire waist that's accented with Swarovski crystals and embroidery. Soft organza ruches asymmetrically throughout the entire gown and the skirt has soft swirling details that carry into the sweep train. The look is completed with embroidered clusters and covered buttons running along the back.
Please contact me if you have any questions, or would like additional pictures!
- Label Size: 6
- Street Size: 4
- Bust:
- Waist:
- Hips:
- Height with Shoes:
- Alterations: A one point pick up was added to bustle the dress just below the button row. Otherwise, there were no alternations made to the size or length of the dress. The label is a size 6, however fits closer to a 2 or 4 street size, depending on your dimensions. The dress was professionally cleaned, and looks brand new! However there were two minor items that were restored: 1) One of the buttons was replaced 2) There was a small tear on one of the inner organza layers (under the skirt). This has been sewed back together.
- Color: Ivory
- Silhouette: Fit to Flare
- Material: Embellishment, Organza
- Neckline: Sweetheart
- Style: Ruching, Ruffles
- Condition: Used
- Original Owner:
- Has Original Receipt:
- Preservation Method:
- Terms of Sale: Returns Accepted
- Location: , MI
- Will Ship to: Anywhere at Owner Expense
- Payment Methods Accepted: Escrow.com
Please read our BUYER'S GUIDE before purchasing a dress online.


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Permanent URL to this publication: http://dx.doi.org/10.5167/uzh-18824
Clifford, G M; Polesel, J; Rickenbach, M; Dal Maso, L; Keiser, O; Kofler, A; Rapiti, E; Levi, F; Jundt, G; Fisch, T; Bordoni, A; De Weck, D; Franceschi, S (2005). Cancer risk in the Swiss HIV Cohort Study: associations with immunodeficiency, smoking, and highly active antiretroviral therapy. Journal of the National Cancer Institute, 97(6):425-432.
- Registered users only
View at publisher
BACKGROUND: Persons infected with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) have an increased risk for several cancers, but the influences of behavioral risk factors, such as smoking and intravenous drug use, and highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) on cancer risk are not clear. METHODS: Patient records were linked between the Swiss HIV Cohort Study and Swiss cantonal cancer registries. Observed and expected numbers of incident cancers were assessed in 7304 persons infected with HIV followed for 28,836 person-years. Relative risks for cancer compared with those for the general population were determined by estimating cancer registry-, sex-, age-, and period-standardized incidence ratios (SIRs). RESULTS: Highly elevated SIRs were confirmed in persons infected with HIV for Kaposi sarcoma (KS) (SIR = 192, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 170 to 217) and non-Hodgkin lymphoma (SIR = 76.4, 95% CI = 66.5 to 87.4). Statistically significantly elevated SIRs were also observed for anal cancer (SIR = 33.4, 95% CI = 10.5 to 78.6); Hodgkin lymphoma (SIR = 17.3, 95% CI = 10.2 to 27.4); cancers of the cervix (SIR = 8.0, 95% CI = 2.9 to 17.4); liver (SIR = 7.0, 95% CI = 2.2 to 16.5); lip, mouth, and pharynx (SIR = 4.1, 95% CI = 2.1 to 7.4); trachea, lung, and bronchus (SIR = 3.2, 95% CI = 1.7 to 5.4); and skin, nonmelanomatous (SIR = 3.2, 95% CI = 2.2 to 4.5). In HAART users, SIRs for KS (SIR = 25.3, 95% CI = 10.8 to 50.1) and non-Hodgkin lymphoma (SIR = 24.2, 95% CI = 15.0 to 37.1) were lower than those for nonusers (KS SIR = 239, 95% CI = 211 to 270; non-Hodgkin lymphoma SIR = 99.3, 95% CI = 85.8 to 114). Among HAART users, however, the SIR (although not absolute numbers) for Hodgkin lymphoma (SIR = 36.2, 95% CI = 16.4 to 68.9) was comparable to that for KS and non-Hodgkin lymphoma. No clear impact of HAART on SIRs emerged for cervical cancer or non-acquired immunodeficiency syndrome-defining cancers. Cancers of the lung, lip, mouth, or pharynx were not observed among nonsmokers. CONCLUSION: In persons infected with HIV, HAART use may prevent most excess risk of KS and non-Hodgkin lymphoma, but not that of Hodgkin lymphoma and other non-acquired immunodeficiency syndrome-defining cancers. No cancers of the lip, mouth, pharynx, or lung were observed in nonsmokers.
425 citations in Web of Science®
475 citations in Scopus®
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|Item Type:
|Journal Article, refereed, original work
|Communities & Collections:
|04 Faculty of Medicine > Epidemiology, Biostatistics and Prevention Institute (EBPI)
|Dewey Decimal Classification:
|610 Medicine & health
|16 March 2005
|Deposited On:
|08 Jun 2009 07:52
|Last Modified:
|05 Apr 2016 13:14
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Another Earth Movie Reviews
User reviews on Another Earth
I am very confused about this film and I am not quite sure if I hated it or loved it. The idea of the story is a little bit unbelievable but interesting, the film is all about second chances and I like that idea, however some of the scenes in the film are ridiculous and do not work. I thought that the film will have some sci-fi moments but the new planet that appears in the sky has really nothing to do with sci-fi. The film has a really good idea and sometimes it shines through, unfortunately there are many scenes that should have been cut or edited differently.
This is a sci-fi film that is directed by Mike Cahill and starring Brit Marling, William Mapother and Matthew-Lee Erlbach. I think that the film had great ideas and very interesting story but the filmmakers had a hard time connecting those ideas into a cohesive film. The film is really about fate and forgiveness but the filmmakers tried to include sci-fi into it and it did not really work. However, the film has great moments in it and it makes you think and wonder about fate and irony of life, I really liked that part of the film. Overall, I do not recommend seeing it in the theaters but I do recommend seeing it at home when it is released on DVD.
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text:
Terax Finishing Spray
Terax Finishing Spray is a lightweight spray with UV Protection & Vitamins B & E for all hairstyles. This fast drying, medium hold spray contains Vitamin B5 moisturizer for thicker, fuller hair; Antioxidant Vitamin E to help neutralize free radical damage; and sunscreens to help protect hair against harmful UVB rays.
Guaranteed AuthenticGuaranteed Authentic
Folica is an authorized distributer of this product and guarantees its authenticity.Close
- Medium hold spray
- Fast drying
- Contains vitamin B5 moisturizer
- Creates thicker, fuller hair
- Protects hair from UVB rays
Hold 8-10 inches away from dry hair and spray evenly.
SD Alcohol 40B, Hydrofluorocarbon 152A, Vinyl Caprolactam/PVP/Dimethylaminoethyl Methacrylate Copolymer, Cyclopentasiloxane, Octyl Methoxycinnamate, Dimethicone, Tocopheryl Acetate (Vitamin E), Panthenol (Provitamin B-5), Parfum (Fragrance)


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On Sunday, January 26, 2014, PIE-NOT threw a big, family-friendly celebration for Australia's official national holiday, Australia Day. Historically, it signifies the anniversary of the 1788 arrival of the first fleet of British ships in Sydney Cove, New South Wales and the raising of the Flag of Great Britain at that site by Governor Arthur Phillip. Currently, it celebrates the diverse society, landscape, history, and presentation of the Australian of the Year Awards. PIE-NOT celebrated the day with food, fun, and animals.
PIE-NOT was open for regular business but in the courtyard across from their location, they had set up a tent and served samples of the Sag Rolls (standard Aussie sausage roll with premium ground beef and pork with finely grated onions and carrots rolled into a puff pastry), Vegemite and Cheese pastries, and Digger (an egg-less biscuit mix of rolled oats and desiccated coconut with golden syrup). I've wanted to try Vegemite ever since I heard the lyrics of the Men at Work song "Land Down Under": "Buying bread from a man in Brussels. He was six foot four and full of muscle. I said, "Do you speak my language?" He just smiled and gave me a Vegemite sandwich." This dark spread has eluded me until this historic Australia Day. I really loved the taste of it. It's salty and reminiscent of kelp or seaweed. When it was mixed with cheese and put in a puff pastry, it was even more delectable. PIE-NOT needs to put this on the menu!
Along with trying these tasty treats, raffle tickets were given out to win a basket of PIE-NOT goodies including a jar of Vegemite. While we waited for the announcement of the winners, we opted to grab some Aussie meats pies for lunch before the line got long. And it did, with the line wrapped around the building within an hour. The hubby and I picked up our favorite, Mary's, which is rosemary and roasted garlic with premium ground lamb, diced onions, and back bacon in a shortcrust pastry shell with a puff pastry lid. My mom, being a first timer, opted for the Dog's Eye, premium ground beef with finely diced onions in a shortcrust pastry shell with a puff pastry lid. She even tried it with ketchup and loved it.
We even got to take pictures and pet a wallaby. They are so soft and cute. A man in a kangaroo suit with an Australian flag cape was on hand for pictures as well. He was mixing with the crowd and even dancing (bouncing around) as Sky Pilot played their guitars and sang to the crowd as they waiting in line for their meat pies. Orange County Bombers were also on hand to teach kids and adults how handball is played.
If you missed out on Australia Day, don't worry. PIE-NOT is open every day!
- March 14, 2014 from 7am to 8pm - Celebrate National Pi (3.14) Day at PIE-NOT: Enjoy a new take on Pi (Pie) Day by ordering their standard Aussie meat pie - the "Dog's Eye." This classic meat pie will be priced at just $3.14 in honor of π (pi), and is made of premium ground beef with finely diced onions in a shortcrust pastry shell with a puff pastry lid. It is a favorite amongst locals and you can't beat a deal like that!
For more information:
270 17th St Ste 17
Costa Mesa, CA 92627
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- Why not, PIE-NOT for breakfast, lunch, and/or dinner in Costa Mesa, CA
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- Scott's Restaurant and Bar serves up Winter 2013 Crafted Cocktails in Costa Mesa
- Greenleaf Gourmet Chopshop at SoCo now open in Costa Mesa, CA
- New Spring Menu at Pinot Provence in Costa Mesa, CA


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Theorem: The Fibonacci numbers are defined recursively thus: $$x_{n+1} = x_n + x_{n-1}$$ with $$x_1=x_2=1.$$
Prove that $$x_n=(a^n-b^n)/(a-b),$$ where $a$ and $b$ are the roots of the quadratic equation $x^2-x-1=0$.
I found this proof, apparently by Apostol:
Observe that $$x_{n+1} = x_n + x_{n-1},$$ and thus we consider $$x^{n+1} = x^n +x^{n-1},$$ i.e., consider $$x^2 = x+1$$ with two roots, $a$ and $b$. If we let $$F_n = (a^n -b^n)/(a-b),$$ then it is clear that $F_1=1$, $F_2=1$, and $F_{n+1}=F_n+F_{n+1}$ for $n>1$. So $F_n = x_n$ for all $n$.
I can't understand this proof.
Please help.


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Comeback Falls Short In 79-76 Loss To George Washington
Jan. 19, 2013
A late run from Massachusetts was not enough to overcome a 16-point deficit and the Minutemen fell to George Washington 79-76 Saturday afternoon at the Mullins Center.
UMass (12-5, 2-2 A-10) will have a week off and host Richmond on Sunday, January 27. Chaz Williams paced the comeback before finishing with 18 points, six assists and a pair of steals. Cady Lalanne added 15 points and seven boards off the bench, while Raphiael Putney posted his fifth double-figure game of the year with 14 points and eight boards.
UMass shot 44 percent from the field and went 18-for-21 from the free-throw line for 86 pct - tying its season-high.
George Washington (8-9, 2-2 A-10) had four players in double digits and was lead by Joe McDonald who earned a double-double with 16 points and 10 assists. Overall the Colonials went 28-57 from the field (49.1%) and shot 20-31 from the free-throw line. George Washington had a seven-point lead at halftime and started the second half with a 12-3 run, which put them up by 16 with fifteen minutes to play.
The Minutemen trailed by 16 points five minutes into the second half, but used a 14-4 run to close the gap at 61-58 with 6:20 left. GW responded and stretched the lead to nine with 4:23 to play.
UMass trailed by three when Freddie Riley was fouled on a three-point attempt. He made two of the three despite trying to miss the third attempt with 3.0 seconds left. The Colonials made both free throws and the Minutemen did not get a shot off.
UMass started off strong in the first half, holding the lead until the Colonials tied it up with 8:41 to go. Raphael Putney had a pair of blocks in the first two minutes that set the tempo for the Minutemen early and Freddie Riley put in two from beyond the arc to give UMass a boost. George Washington would go on a 7-0 run in the last three minutes of the half to give them a 40-33 lead going into the locker room.
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I realized this evening that I never did a season ending recap. Maybe it was the 1-15 finish, or Bill Parcells, or the coaching changes. But, anyway, here we go:
Best game: I could go the easy route and give you their lone win against the Ravens. But, it was more like Brian Billick's boneheaded call that lost that game fore them. Instead, I'm going to say it was the Pittsburgh game. It was Monday night. It was raining. It was scoreless until there were less than 2 minutes left. And Miami coulda actually won that game. And besides, for the fun factor, you couldn't beat that sloppy field.
Worst game: Ahem. 14 other losses, most of them ugly. There were so many games where former players beat them. But, I have to go with the Raiders game. Daunte was told to leave Miami, then came back to score a few TDs. And "Huggy Bear" 's son did a number on Miami rushing for 846 yards on the day. Or something like that.
MVP: Jay Feeley was the most consistent player on the team. So, I'll give it to him.
Rookie of the year: Samson Satele was nothing short of great as a rookie center for Miami. He wins this one hands down.
Best offseason acquisition: there wasn't one.
Worst offseason acquisition: Joey Porter. For half the year, he played out of position poorly, and ran his mouth. For another few games, he played in position poorly, and ran his mouth. And then for the last few games, he played fairly well and ran his mouth. And then he called out the coach in a team meeting. Yeah, there's a great acquisition.
Biggest disappointment: just how bad the talent on this team was. That wasn't Cameron's fault, though his game management certainly was.
Biggest offseason need: there are so many holes, I have to figure next year will feature 30 or more new players.
How my prediction fared: I think I said they'd go 4-12 or some such. I never would have guessed 1-15.
Home » Unlabelled » Season recap
Sunday, January 27, 2008
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Samsung Google Nexus S musings. Why the heck did Google even bother to launch it?
When Google announced Nexus S we all went giddy with anticipation here in techland. Another Google's own flagship device! With 1GHz Hummingbird CPU, 4″, curved Super Amoled Display, NFC, running new Android 2.3, etc; etc;
Such a great device for a new Google flagship! Or is it?
When Google launched their first flagship – Nexus One – it was miles ahead of any other Android handset. It came with 1GHz Cortex A8 SnapDragon CPU, almost twice as fast as any other available Android phone, it had 512MB of RAM – again, twice as much as competing devices. And it launched a second generation of Android OS, which was a huge improvement over the previous Android 1.x version. (And no, I don't consider Android 2.0 that launched with Motorola Droid the real Android 2. Just as we told you more then a year ago, Android 2.0 wasn't a true 2.0, it was a beta or Release Candidate version of 2.0, customized to more or less work on a single Motorola device, and not ready for wider adoption.)
Nexus One ruled supreme among Android handsets for 4 months, until the first similar specc'ed competitors started showing up.
Now let's take a closer look at Google Nexus S. Contrary to the empty claims of joint Google/Samsung development – Nexus S is basically the same Samsung Galaxy S. The same CPU, same RAM, same camera, same display size, same everything. There are only two minor differences between the two – a curved display with a curving that you'll need a microscope to find, and an NFC chip that you'll have to travel to Japan to use. That's it. That's all the improvements you get with the new Nexus S.
Oh, and, of course, Android 2.3 Gingerbread. With the number of improvements so minor or so deep under the hood, that previous Android 2 iterations (2.0->2.1, 2.1->2.2) seem like a huge qualitative leaps. (I agree, keyboard is a huge improvement, but I'm already on Swype and couldn't care less).
Let's sum it up. Google Nexus S is a new Google flagship, which is based on a 6 month old Samsung device. It runs a new iteration of Android 2, which nicely completes the second generation of Android OS to what Google always wanted it to be. But with the improvements which are so minor, that even if other vendors decide to upgrade their handsets to it, most people wouldn't even notice.
While we already have LG announcing next generation Android devices with dual core CPU's, which will make the new Google flagship seem obsolete in a month or two. With HTC, Motorola and Samsung to follow suit as soon as this holiday season is over.
And then there's the whole Honeycomb Android 3.0 thing just around the corner. It's coming and probably coming soon – most likely in about 3 weeks at or around CES, or at Mobile World Congress in February. With a qualitative leap over Android 2 probably as big as the one we've seen between 1.6-2.0 last year. I know that the most focus of Android Honeycomb now is on tablets, with a flagship Motorola/Google tablet already demoed by Google CEO.
What do you think are the chances that Google will want to have a flagship superphone for Honeycomb too? Unlikely – with Nexus S released just a month ago, and probably capable of running Honeycomb too?
Do you remember the end of last year, beginning of this? Android 1.6 Donut/Motorola Cliq, followed by Android 2.0 Motorola Droid/Milestone, followed by Nexus One? I think the chances of the next generation dual core Android 3.0 Google superphone within the next 1-3 months are pretty darn high.
So why the heck did Google even bother to release Nexus S now?
Not sure, but I do have a theory.
Google might have released Nexus S, well, just because they could. And because Samsung really really really wanted it. Well, probably not the device itself – Samsung couldn't care less about Nexus S one way or another. What they wanted, was an early access to the next Android release code.
Up until now, when it came to new phone and Android upgrade releases, Samsung has been lagging significantly behind it's main Android smartphone rivals – Motorola and HTC. The main reason for this lag was the early access rival engineers were getting to the next Android release code, while developing exclusive flagship/new Android iteration launch handsets. Motorola had an exclusive mass market Android 2.0 device (Verizon Droid/Milestone) for itself for almost half a year, then were the first to upgrade/ship it's mass market Droid devices with Froyo. HTC's work with Google allowed it to beat Samsung to market by 3-4 months with Android 2.1 HTC Desire handset. At the time I even speculated that Samsung may be engaging in some shady practices to slow down HTC before Galaxy S is shipped.
So sometime this summer Samsung probably decided that they've had enough of exclusion and asked Google to include them into the early access club. Even if you are Google, you do not say no when worlds second largest handset maker comes calling. We've already seen Google bend it's rules in favor of Samsung, by allowing Android apps and marketplace access on Galaxy Tab. In this case they offered Gingerbread to Korean vendor.
Which is a great news for all those millions of Galaxy S owners that were frustrated with an extremely slow Android 2.2 Froyo upgrade rollout. Pending carrier cooperation and approval, you should get Gingerbread upgrade on your Samsung Galaxy S before your friend's HTC Desire or Droid X is updated.
Getting back to Google Nexus S and should you buy it? If you really want a new smartphone with access to the latest Google goodies before Christmas, Nexus S seems like a great choice. It will serve nicely for the next year, and will probably get the latest Android upgrades (including Hoenycomb) as soon as they are ready to be released by Google.
But if you are in the market for the latest and greatest in smartphones, I'd wait for a few weeks, at least until CES, and see what happens there. Otherwise you might be pawning your Samsung Nexus S on E-bay within a month.


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Abraham Washington made his return to WWE on tonight's edition of Raw Supershow during a backstage segment with Mark Henry. Washington "offered his services" to Henry by giving him a business card.
Washington has been in WWE's developmental system since 2009 as he worked as a regular on the company's ECW brand, hosting the Abraham Washington Show. Since the demise of ECW, Washington has competed as a singles performer in Florida Championship Wrestling.


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"Knowledge puffs up, but love builds up" 1 Corinthians 8:1
How often difficulty in adjusting to the changes in the couple's life results in disagreements? The couple may start complaining about each other's opinions or the way a problem should be solved. One may have a sophisticated view about the problem and the other simpler view. One may view the other as "too analytical" or overcritical, and the other may view a partner as "simple minded". One may view the problem as just a passing issue, and the other views the same problem as one that could become catastrophic. Yet one may utter that the significant other is too "bookish", while the other may utter that the partner "just does not know". He may utter that she is too emotional and she may utter that he is a dud.
He may utter that she is unintelligible; and she may say he just does not make sense. He may utter she just has no experience with these kinds of problems; she may say he is exaggerating to make excuses for other issues. He may deny the other issues; she may persist about it. He may become silent; she may attack and demean him for being indifferent all of a sudden. He may try to exist; she may throw a pillow. However funny the above may seem, the delicate feelings in both partners may had been wagered against the battle for superiority in knowledge. Whether the conduct may be labeled as arrogance, conceited, condescension, hyper-pride, superciliousness, self-importance, or egotism, there is yet an element of passion that seems to fuel the feud.
The unaware feelings neglected, seemingly move stealthily to agitate and stir up the troubled minds. The disconcerted couple argue not in reference to the feelings but in reference to knowing and unknowing about a common problem. As matter of concern may be that the trouble may not even be about the that problem solving knowhow, but may really be about the gaining access to the feelings. The battle within to identify the reality of the feelings being avoided may be fueling the seeming intellectual war fare. Avoidance of knowing about the creeping, distressing, feelings would form into a reaction, knowing more about solving the problem than the other person. Is the couple's quest for knowledge superiority really about wanting to know what they are feeling- may be missing love feelings?


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Stay tune for our new 2011 models to be released thru out the year! Let me share with you guys our Spring collection! — Hozen
More Custom Series Maestro ukuleles are getting ready to have their Grovers Machine head fitted on. We have successfully re-launched our custom series with a greater variety of wood options for you and we are the only company at the moment specializing in utilizing traditional instrument tonewoods for ukuleles. Who says good handcrafted ukulele must only be built with Hawaiian KOA!! At the moment, we have Acacia, Java Rosewood, Flamed Maple, Granadillo, Cocobolo and Macassar Ebony in all 3 sizes: Soprano, Concert and Tenor!! =)
Our Brand new Fusion classical guitars. The C2CE features a narrower nut width at 48mm perfect for steel-strings players who want to switch to classical. Solid Western Red Cedar top with African Burbinga Back and sides brings out the warmth of the classical instrument. Rosewood Binding and a smaller body depth for easier handling. Equipped with B-Band T35 to complete your recital experience. Recommended Retail Price: S$899. Launch/Pre-book Price:$699
We have built just 12 units of this limited edition for Spring 2011. Following the footsteps of our ever popular ED-2 model, we have built this with choice western red cedar and burbinga back and side. We should be expecting more warmth and depth for this special model. Price:$699. While Stock last!
Our new version of Maestro ED-1 featuring a new triple ring black inlaid rosette. Choice Sitka Spruce top with Khaya Mahogany back/sides give this new ED-1 the classic Maestro tone. Khaya Mahogany gives this ED-1 more warmth then our previous Sapeli version. Available from 1st May. Price $499.
Following the success of our ED-2, We have added 2 new body shapes to our ever popular Elite 2 series: Triple O and Medium Jumbo.
Check them out in the coming May! Don't forget our existing range of EJ-2 and ED-2.


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Gómez, Andrés PhD; Balsari, Satchit MD, MPH; Nusbaum, Julie MD; Heerboth, Aaron; Lemery, Jay MD
Dr. Gómez is deputy director, Wildlife Health Program, Wildlife Conservation Society, and visiting scientist, American Museum of Natural History, New York, New York.
Dr. Balsari is director, Weill Cornell Global Emergency Medicine Program, assistant professor, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, New York; and visiting scientist, Harvard School of Public Health, Cambridge, Massachusetts.
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Mr. Heerboth is an MD candidate, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, New York.
Dr. Lemery is assistant professor of emergency medicine, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Denver, Colorado; visiting scientist, Harvard School of Public Health, Cambridge, Massachusetts; and president, Wilderness Medical Society, Salt Lake City, Utah.
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Ours is an age of unprecedented levels of environmental alteration and biodiversity loss. Beyond the exposure to environmental hazards, conditions such as environmental degradation, biotic impoverishment, climate change, and the loss of ecosystem services create important health threats by changing the ecology of many pathogens and increasing the incidence and/or severity of certain noncommunicable conditions. They also threaten health in the future by weakening the Earth's life support systems.
Although physicians remain one of the most often accessed and most trusted sources of information about the environment, there is currently little emphasis on educating medical professionals about these environmental issues. This lack of training reduces the ability of most physicians to be efficient science–public interfaces and makes them ineffective at contributing to address the fundamental causes of environmental problems or participate in substantive environmental policy discussions. This is an important challenge facing medical education today.
To turn medical students into effective physician–citizens, an already-overwhelmed medical school curriculum must make way for a thoughtful exploration of environmental stressors and their impacts on human health. The overarching question before medical educators is how to develop the competencies, standards, and curricula for this educational endeavor. To this end, the authors highlight some of the critical linkages between health and the environment and suggest a subset of key practical issues that need to be addressed in order to create environmental education standards for the physician of the future.
Rudolf Virchow, one of the founding fathers of social medicine, emphasized the multifactorial origin of disease, wherein the interplay of social, political, and economic conditions was an important determinant of disease acquisition, manifestation, and consequence. His own life and writings exemplified his call for physicians to proactively influence the social determinants of health. As a way to consolidate our modern approaches to medicine, physicians and their professional organizations have begun to address not just disease but its social determinants, getting involved in cross-cutting issues because their impact on health and disease are significant.
Understanding the global environmental determinants of health is one of the major challenges in the 21st century and will require a similar shift in focus and the incorporation of transdisciplinary thinking from medical professionals. Human pressure on the Earth's ecosystems now extends over the majority of the planet's area and its energy flows and affects most of the world's terrestrial, freshwater, and marine environments.1–3 Our combined influence over global environmental conditions is relevant to the medical profession because sustaining human health ultimately depends on environmental sustainability,4,5 because severe environmental change has been shown to create specific health concerns,6 and because continued environmental degradation and biotic impoverishment can be considerable sources of health threats in the future.7,8
Although physicians remain one of the most often accessed and most trusted sources of information about the environment,9 there is currently little emphasis on educating medical professionals about environmental issues beyond the management of exposure to environmental hazards. We believe that this is an important challenge facing medical education today. This article is a call to help equip physicians with the tools and knowledge they need to examine and hopefully mitigate the impact of climate change, environmental degradation, and the loss of biodiversity on the health of the human population. To turn medical students into more effective physician–citizens, an already-overwhelmed medical school curriculum must make way for a thoughtful exploration of environmental stressors and their impacts on human health. Here, we illuminate some of the issues connecting environmental degradation and human health and call for a broad discussion about best practices for achieving environmental literacy in the physicians of the future.
We live in an age of unprecedented levels of environmental alteration. Recent research has shown that the drivers of environmental degradation can create considerable costs in terms of human health and well-being. Although physicians are acutely aware of the contribution of stressors such as radiation, air and water pollution, and access to sanitation to the global disease burden,10,11 other forms of environmental change, about which physicians are often much less educated, can also result in significant health threats. For example, land use changes such as urbanization, deforestation, and habitat fragmentation can increase infection risk by creating ecological conditions that result in high transmission intensity. This occurs by alterations of the distribution of human populations in relation to nonhuman pathogen hosts, by increasing the abundance of nonhuman reservoir hosts, or by changing the distribution and/or the behavior of insect vectors.12–14 Other human activities have been shown to have important, and often negative, consequences on the ecology of infectious agents—for example, by increasing the frequency of contact among hosts (e.g., wildlife trade and consumption), or by favoring novel associations between humans, domestic animals, and wildlife (e.g., habitat encroachment and fragmentation).15,16 These forms of anthropogenic environmental change have been identified as being associated with pathogen emergence or reemergence in humans, as well as in other taxa.17–19 Through affecting air quality and increasing ambient temperature (e.g., in urban heat bubbles or via the effects of global climate change), environmental alteration can also increase the incidence and/or severity of noncommunicable conditions including allergies, asthma, and heat stress.20–22
Biotic impoverishment can also translate into threats to human health.7,8 Recent research has found that higher diversity of species can buffer the transmission of, among others, the Lyme disease spirochete and West Nile and Hanta virus strains.23–25 Other studies have provided empirical and theoretical evidence suggesting that diverse ecosystems are associated with lower parasite infestations and lower densities of disease reservoirs,26,27 and there is evidence that habitat conservation can provide natural buffers and lower mortality in the face of natural disasters.28
Available evidence suggests that climate change can result in changes in the distribution ranges, length of the transmission season, and life cycles of disease vectors, thereby increasing their transmission intensity.29–31 Additionally, climate changes are expected to have noninfectious health effects by exacerbating exposure to extreme temperatures and by increasing the severity and frequency of extreme weather events.6 Importantly, future projections of climate change can be expected to increase these health risks.6
At the same time, an ever-increasing body of evidence suggests that there are many important physical and mental health benefits derived from contact with nature. Research suggests that contact with and/or proximity to green spaces can accelerate surgical recovery,32 reduce pain,33 reduce aggression and lower mental fatigue,34 support attentional function,35,36 and increase longevity.37 Further, a recent study found lower rates of circulatory and all-cause mortality in people living in areas that grant them greater access to green spaces, and that health inequalities related to differential earning power are lower in the same areas.38 Access to undeveloped areas with natural vegetation may thus affect health and health-related behaviors (e.g., by providing opportunities for stress reduction and physical exercise), allowing economically disadvantaged populations to enjoy health benefits on par with those with higher incomes.38
It is not just the world we live in but also the potential it holds that is at risk. Environmental destruction eliminates natural medicinal repositories and medical models, thereby limiting the frontiers of discovery in science and medicine.39,40 The loss of agricultural diversity and its associated cultural systems threaten food security and nutrition, especially in the developing world.41–43 Ecosystem services such as pollination, nutrient cycling, and waste removal contribute to the normal functioning of ecosystems and, therefore, the maintenance of livable environments. These basic support systems are rapidly diminishing.
The threats created by broad environmental degradation are often difficult to quantify, predict, and address.44 For example, it is still challenging to accurately assess the magnitude of the indirect effects of biodiversity loss on water potability and food security, yet these factors are likely to have some of the greatest effects on global health.45 Further complicating this scenario, the impact of environmental change cannot be expected to act in isolation: populations already deemed vulnerable through extreme poverty, geographic susceptibility, or poor governance will bear a disproportionate burden of the consequences of environmental degradation through further displacement, forced migration, and worsening disenfranchisement and impoverishment.46
We can thus assume that global environmental change will have important health costs, that it will threaten our capacity to sustain the planet's basic support systems, that these costs will tend to increase, and that they will primarily affect, at least initially, populations with less means with which to escape them. Herein is a critical challenge for medical professionals and for society at large. Although many of these forms of environmental change are the drivers of the economic growth responsible for important societal gains in health and well-being, they are simultaneously important causes of health threats. Quantifying the magnitude of these threats remains an elusive goal in determining a thoughtful balancing of societal priorities and courses of action.
Although environmental degradation and biodiversity loss pose important threats to our ability to sustain human health, physicians are rarely trained to understand, act on, or inform the public about these issues. This lack of training reduces the ability of most physicians to be efficient science–public interfaces and makes them ineffective contributors in addressing the fundamental causes of environmental problems or participants in substantive environmental policy discussions. However, physicians are educators and respected interlocutors. They are society's go-betweens, routinely translating abstract medical science into evidence-based treatment plans. The doctor–patient relationship is singularly cherished, and physicians hold the public trust. The opportunity to educate society on such profound and widespread health risks should not be overlooked. To help frame discussion on these difficult issues in terms of human health will allow for a more grounded dialogue. Health is a powerful motivator, and research in social science has shown that risks identified in terms of human life are much more effective fulcrums for change than abstract concepts.47
There have increasingly been calls within medicine for physicians to play a greater role in these discussions.48–50 There are numerous instances where physicians have played a significant role in implementing local policies and actions regarding environmental change—for example, encouraging mosquito-proofing of houses while advocating for an invigoration of epidemiology and outbreak surveillance.51 In the United States, the American Medical Association (AMA) has likewise weighed in—for example, by explicitly endorsing the findings of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change.52 This resolution included the following statements:
[The AMA will] support educating the medical community on the potential adverse public health effects of global climate change and incorporating the health implications of climate change into the spectrum of medical education.
[The AMA will] recognize the importance of physician involvement in policymaking … [and] support efforts to search for novel, comprehensive approaches to mitigating climate change to protect the health of the public
[The AMA will] encourage physicians to assist in educating patients and the public on environmentally sustainable practices, and to serve as role models for promoting environmental sustainability.
This is a formidable mandate, and it raises the question: How should physicians educate themselves to fulfill these roles? We believe that the environmental literacy of the physician of the future is necessary and aligned with recommendations in the recent landmark report of the Carnegie Foundation for the Advancement of Teaching on Medical Education, which highlighted the need for "exploration of the role of physician–citizen."53 Because a healthy society depends on functioning ecosystems and a stable climate, we infer that it is the duty of physicians to be educated in these issues and to share this knowledge with their patients through skillful advocacy and public leadership.
To informally gauge the extent to which environmental alteration is currently integrated into medical curricula in the United States, in May 2011 we searched the Web sites of the 150 member medical colleges of the Association of American Medical Colleges for course content. We determined that environmental education is not included in the already-crowded medical school core curricula in the United States. American medical students interested in environmental issues must generally seek elective courses during their third and fourth years through affiliated graduate-level global health or public health institutions or via a self-structured research elective with the selection of an appropriate mentor. When available, these courses might come at an additional cost to students. However, several examples suggest that integration of environmental education in medical school is feasible. Yale Medical School allows medical students to enroll in environmental health classes, Harvard Medical School's Center for Health and the Global Environment offers formal training on the relationship between health and environmental change, and the Wilderness Medical Society offers a list of electives available through national parks, outdoor leadership institutes, and medical schools throughout the United States.54 Since spring 2010, the Weill Cornell Medical College in New York has partnered with the Center for Biodiversity and Conservation of the American Museum of Natural History and the Sackler Institute for Comparative Genomics to offer a semiannual, half-day multidisciplinary lecture series to medical students. Topics of the series include basic concepts about the relationship between biodiversity, environmental change, and health, and the relevance of molecular ecology to biomedical research and medical practice.
Linkages between health and other disciplines and policy areas, such as the economy, ecology and conservation biology,55,56 and veterinary education and practice,57 have already been proposed. In addition, educational resources on environment and health exist outside medical schools, allowing for physicians and professionals from other scientific disciplines to interact and develop innovative solutions to our common environmental and health problems. For example, the Network for Conservation Educators and Practitioners and the Center for Biodiversity and Conservation at the American Museum of Natural History offer open-access materials on biodiversity, the environment, and health, which can be integrated into existing courses or used as independent study tools.58,59 Other natural history museums, botanical gardens, and conservation organizations are currently involved in research, education, and outreach activities that are directly applicable to these efforts.
In some cases, these research and outreach programs include training specifically tailored for physicians.60 The Center for Sustainability and the Global Environment at the University of Wisconsin–Madison offers a variety of educational opportunities, from individual seminars and courses to fellowships and graduate studies, available to public health and medical students.61 The World Health Organization offers information and training on global environmental and climate change.62 The Global Health Education Consortium offers Web-based modules and other open-access educational resources.63 Additionally, the kinds of transdisciplinary discussions necessary to bring together the fields of ecology, conservation biology, evolution, environmental science, and the medical sciences have been explored in detail in the scientific literature.56,64,65 This includes peer-reviewed scientific journals dedicated to exploring these issues (e.g., EcoHealth and Environmental Health Perspectives) and several others that regularly publish work relevant to these discussions.
The overarching question before medical educators is how to practically develop physicians who carry enough knowledge about the environmental determinants of health to fruitfully participate in public debate and serve as public educators. We believe that we need to answer several key questions about environmental education: What are the minimal environmental competencies we desire in the physician of the future? What are the most efficient formats in which to offer training to fulfill these competencies? Who is best suited to lead this effort: medical schools, graduate training programs, or medical specialty societies? What would a curriculum look like, and who would teach the varied components?
In addition to adding academic content in medical education, we suggest that physicians need to develop a skill set beyond that of the doctor–patient relationship, one that is geared toward engaging the broader public health and health policy community. To be effective societal translators of environmental science, physicians should be able to expound not only on the quality of the information that reaches the general public but also on its associated pattern (i.e., interpretation of environmental phenomena) and process (i.e., the intellectual pathways of scientific consensus).
We believe that any comprehensive medical school syllabus on the study of health and environmental change will require input from medical practitioners, public health professionals, environmental scientists, ecologists, and policy experts. This will require physicians to embrace multi- and transdisciplinary work alongside professionals from many backgrounds. Working in collaborations in fields such as ecology, public health, and governmental service presents promising opportunities for forming coalitions and acquiring mentorship, as well as for physicians to develop greater fluency in the language of these affiliated fields. Such interprofessional training will be critical to this effort.
Fortunately, in nearly every area of environmental health there already exist organizations and professional bodies with extensive multidisciplinary educational programs. This collective experience should not be overlooked, and educators would be wise to consider these groups as a starting point for curriculum creation. Across the United States, for example, governmental, nongovernmental, and private institutions could become meaningful contributors to such a collaboration. Beside the organizations already mentioned, some examples are the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, the One Health Initiative, Environment America, the EcoHealth Alliance, and the Consortium for Conservation Medicine. Acknowledging the herculean effort it would take to bring such diverse stakeholders to the table, we nevertheless reiterate the urgent need to act.
We propose a slow but determined march forward: a dialogue of scholars and experts from the above fields to identify and advocate topics that their respective disciplines deem critical to medical education. We envision a continued dialogue in the academic medicine community leading to coordinated learning goals, curricula, resources, and best practices. An open-access repository of these discussions and materials has the potential to provide educational opportunities to the physician of the future anywhere in the world.
The end point is equipping tomorrow's physician–citizens with the skill sets to be credible voices in the environmental change dialogue. To this end, we ask that interested parties contact the corresponding author for the goal of forming a working group. This group, in turn, would be charged with coalescing the themes that stakeholders agree would be critical to a medical school core competency curriculum. We envision this working group as a first step in developing programs for the education of physicians about these issues, thereby empowering them to contribute to environmental sustainability and the provision of sustainable public health. Far from being training in environmental advocacy, we suggest that this exposure will prepare physicians to develop informed and reasoned stands on environmental issues, including the uncertainties in our current knowledge,66,67 and the many complex normative issues linking consumption, reproduction, standards of living, and health.11,68 We believe that this is a critical component in the education of the physician–citizen of the future.
Acknowledgments: The authors wish to thank two anonymous reviewers for their comments on an earlier version of this manuscript.
Funding/Support: None.
Other disclosures: None.
Ethical approval: Not applicable.
First published online
© 2013 Association of American Medical Colleges
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The D4 has a new autofocus sensor and, while its headline improvement is that it can now focus in lower light, this isn't the only step forward. The sensor module has also been redesigned to enable it to operate with slower lenses (and lens/teleconverter combinations that give slower effective apertures). As before, with lenses of f5.6 or faster, 15 of its 51 AF points act as cross-type: sensitive to both horizontal and vertical detail. The 9 central focus points will continue as cross type when used with lenses with a maximum aperture of between f5.6 and f8. And, in a step forward for the range, the D4's central AF point will still operate as a cross-type point with lens or lens/converter combinations with a maximum aperture of f8. In addition 10 AF points retain horizontal sensitivity at this aperture.
|F5.6 or brighter
Nikon has made a series of changes to the ergonomics of the D4 – representing some of the biggest changes to the body shape of this series of cameras. The first change many existing Nikon users will spot is that the D4's shutter button now sits at a different angle, compared to previous models (apparently 35deg is more comfortable than 28deg, for long periods spent shooting).
There are a couple of changes to functions, mainly brought over from more lowly Nikon DSLRs. These include the addition of a button to the AF mode selector switch. Pressing this button and spinning a dial changes the AF area mode. The D4 also loses its metering mode selection switch from the viewfinder hump – it's now one of the three functions controlled by the cluster on the left-hand shoulder of the camera. There's also an additional button to the left of the camera's LCD, with the D4 finally adopting the company's separate zoom in/zoom out button behavior in live view and playback that has swept across the rest of the range.
The biggest changes, however, come for shooters using the camera in the portrait orientation. The ergonomics have been re-worked to better resemble the camera's primary controls, with an extra (rubberized) lump on the camera's back, to give more steady support. A function button has also been added, just beside the portrait shutter button, to give quick access to more functions. Most noticeably, though, the portrait orientation also gains a 'sub-selector' joystick to make AF point selection as convenient in portrait format shooting as it is with the camera held in landscape orientation.
Auto ISO improvements
Nikon has for a long time offered a degree of control over its Auto ISO settings, allowing the user to specify a minimum shutter speed that the camera should aim to maintain by raising the ISO. However shooters using zoom lenses, or worried about camera shake rather than freezing the action, may prefer a minimum shutter speed that relates to the focal length in use, rather than specifying an absolute figure. This has been resolved on the D4, with an Auto ISO system that detects the lens' focal length. When this is activated by setting the minimum shutter speed to 'Auto', the user can then also bias the program towards using slower shutter speeds and lower ISOs, or faster shutter speeds and higher ISOs, in five steps.
|The Live View button is now surrounded by a Movie/Stills switch to allow easy access to the correct Live View mode.
|The D4 is powered by a new battery, the EN-EL18, which is not backwards compatible with the batteries used in the D3 or D3S.
Illuminated buttons
The D4 gains a feature that many D3 and D3S owners are likely to have found themselves hoping for: illuminated controls. Given the D3's popularity for low-light work, and the further capability that the D3S brought, the ability to see the controls in the extremely low light levels that these cameras could operate in risked becoming an issue. With a maximum sensitivity of ISO 204,800 equivalent, it becomes even more pressing for the D4.
All the buttons immediately around the screen are now illuminated, as are the three on the cluster on the camera's left-hand shoulder. The white stripe above the mode dial also lights up, though it's not obvious how well this will illuminate the mode wheel. If it prevents the accidental engagement of Continuous Hi or Self Timer modes when you're trying to select quiet shutter mode in a theatre or live music venue, that will be extremely welcome. Illumination is activated using the 'light' position on the power switch and the camera can be configured so that just the buttons (rather than the buttons and the status LCD panels) light up.
The parallel advances made in sensor technology and Internet video distribution have helped create the ability to capture and broadcast video footage. In turn this has put pressure on many professional photographers to capture clips alongside their stills. In addition, the broadcast and movie industries have adopted the 5D Mark II to a degree that appears to have surprised even Canon. As a result, it's not surprising that the D4 features more advanced, and better integrated, video capabilities than its predecessor. The immediate giveaway should probably be the inclusion not just of a mic input socket by a headphone output for monitoring the results (both of which have adjustable input/output levels).
The D4 can shoot 1080p movies at 30, 25 or 24 frames per second and at up to 24Mbps. The video is compressed using the B-frame compression section of the H.264 standard, which tries to optimize the capture of motion without hugely inflating the file sizes. It also has manually configurable volume control, including a line-level audio option. However, what may prove to be the camera's biggest feature is the ability to export its uncompressed video footage via its HDMI port. We suspect that this feature, beyond all others, may help endear the camera to the broadcast and movie crowd. Whether using this for recording the camera's best quality footage or to use an external monitor as viewfinder, it's a feature we expect to become increasingly common.
A number of small details show how carefully Nikon has listened to the needs of movie shooters, giving the option to start movies either with a record button or with the shutter button (which, in turn, allows video capture to be started with the 10-pin cable release). Photojournalists meanwhile, get to pick whether pressing the shutter interrupt the video capture to take a still or to take a full-frame 3:2 aspect ratio 2.5MP frame grab.
Movies can also be shot at three different crops from the sensor, which Nikon is describing as FX, DX and 2.7X (native 1920x1080). This makes it easy to vary the field-of-view for grabbing footage, even if you've got a prime lens mounted. However, the 'FX' size is a significantly cropped version of the full sensor (it's 91% of the sensor's width), so the field-of-view will be a little narrower than you'd expect for any given focal length. Also the native 1920x1080 video will be higher quality than the FX and DX versions, since it hasn't been downsized. This difference is likely to be incredibly small (almost certainly irrelevant for most users), but is a consideration for high-end video users.
The D4 gains improved aperture control in movie mode, with the addition of 'Power aperture'. This simply means that the user can adjust the aperture while recording video in the A and M exposure modes. It's also possible to set the aperture much more precisely in video live view mode before recording starts, in 1/8 stop incrementss using the Pv and Fn buttons on the front of the camera. In principle this should allow more exact matching of recording brightness across multiple camera / lens combinations.
XQD Cards
The D4 becomes the first camera to make use of the new XQD cards, created by the Compact Flash Association. The XQD slot sits alongside a conventional CF slot, and the camera retains all its options for writing and backing-up to its two slots. The new format is not only smaller but also potentially faster than conventional CF cards. And, while few people are likely to be delighted by the arrival of another new format, the speed benefits (up to around 125MB/s) should be enough to persuade shooters not to just leave the slot empty.
|File Format
|Compact Flash
|Nikon D4
|NEF 14 bit uncompressed
|105 shots
|79 shots
|NEF 12 bit uncompressed
|80 shots
|68 shots
|NEF 12 bit compressed
|70 shots
|62 shots
|JPEG Large/Fine
|159 shots
|137 shots
|Nikon D3S
|NEF 14 bit uncompressed
|43 shots
|NEF 12 bit uncompressed
|35 shots
|JPEG Large/Fine
|82 shots
Image processing features
With the camera's more powerful processors, the D4 adds more processing options, including a time lapse movie creator. This builds on the camera's existing interval timer mode, compiling all the frames together into a full HD movie at the end. However, a fixed playback rate (meaning long-interval shoots end up being super sped-up) and its failure to save the individual frames may limit its appeal.
In a feature taken from other models in the range, the D4 gains in-camera HDR processing, with a choice of the number of frames used and a parameter for how gently all that extra data is incorporated.
Upgraded LCD monitor
The D4's LCD monitor has been upgraded compared to the D3S - it's a slightly larger 3.2" 921000 dot unit, but according to Nikon has a substantially expanded colour gamut that's close to sRGB. It also has a light sensor to detect ambient light levels, and adjust not only the screen brightness, but also the saturation, contrast and gamma as well, in an attempt to give optimized output. The monitor also has a gel resin between the LCD and the cover glass to minimise any risk of fogging when the camera is exposed to rapid changes of temperature.
WT-5 Wireless Transmitter with web-browser camera control interface
With the D4 comes a new WiFi transmitter, the WT-5, which is a neat little unit that screws onto the side of the body and draws it's power from the camera's battery. Its real party trick, though, is a built-in web browser-based remote camera control interface that doesn't require you to download or install a specialized app. Essentially, you can log into your camera (with a username and password) using your laptop, tablet or smartphone and its standard web browser, at which point you're presented with a camera control panel with live view feed. You can adjust a wide range of parameters - exposure mode, shutter speed, aperture, exposure compensation, ISO, white balance and so on, and initiate remote shutter release or video recording.
|The WT-5 connects to the socket on the lower left of this image. In the center you can see the microphone and headphone sockets. On the lower right is the Ethernet port.
The web interface also allows you to control multiple cameras simultaneously, including the ability to release their shutters simultaneously. You can even autofocus anywhere in the scene, simply by touching your iPhone or iPad's screen. Because this is all web-based, you don't have to physically close to the camera either - in principle you could operate it from a different continent.
Nikon has clearly paid attention to professional photographers' workflow requirements when shooting, and has tried to set the camera up so there's no need to use a laptop alongside it any more. To this end the D4 allows photographers to add full IPTC data to all of their image files as they shoot, and can store 10 data presets each containing 14 fields. There's a new network setup wizard to configure the camera for use over wired LAN, or WiFi in FTP and HTTP mode. The camera can even use the GP-1 GPS receiver to automatically set its internal clock, so multiple cameras can easily be synced and specific events from a shoot identified by the time at which they occurred.
Initial impressions:
Nobody would have reasonably expected the D4 to be a radical departure from the D3S – at this 'the best we can do without the cost becoming incredible' end of the market, it's unusual to see huge leaps forward. Equally it's no great shock that movie capability would be the focus of the biggest changes to the camera. But little touches such as lit buttons and, in theory at least, improved low-light focusing suggest Nikon has tried to make an even better low-light camera than its predecessor. And, as anyone who's ever shot with a D3S will tell you, that's a pretty exciting prospect.
Recommended Links
- First Impressions: Using the Nikon D4 (Published March 2012)
- Nikon D4 and D800: What do the Professionals Think? (published February 2012)
- Nikon D800 in-depth preview (Published February 2012)


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ITS Services Status
All impacted database schemas have been migrated to unaffected nodes in the Central ITS Oracle RAC cluster.
We will continue to monitor the situation, but believe all services have been restored.
Systems staff has isolated and terminated the offending query. Database rollbacks are in process of reclaiming the memory/space used during query execution, and may continue to impact queries.
Systems staff is migrating impacted database schemas to unaffected nodes in the cluster.
Next update will occur ~12:45.
Many users are reporting problems connecting to or querying the Central ITS Oracle RAC database.
Systems staff have been investigating a CPU-intensive query and are in the process of isolating the issue
Last updated on Apr 17, 2013 2:47 PM