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A simplified method for differential staining of aborted and non-aborted pollen grains
Ross Peterson,1 Janet P Slovin,2 Changbin Chen1
1Department of Horticultural Science, University of Minnesota, MN, USA; 2Genetic Improvement of Fruits and Vegetables Laboratory, United States Department of Agriculture, Baltimore, MD, USA
Correspondence: Changbin Chen, Department
of Horticultural Science, University of Minnesota
380 Alderman Hall, 1970 Folwell Avenue, St. Paul, MN 55108, USA. E-mail: firstname.lastname@example.com.
Key words: pollen staining, Alexander's stain, chloral hydrate, phenol.
Contributions: RP did most of experiments and contributed to the writing; JPS did further test and contributed to edit the manuscript; CC initiated this study, supervised RP for his bench-work and data collection and wrote this manuscript.
Acknowledgements: we deeply appreciated the comments from all three reviewers, which greatly improved the final protocol with the removal of phenol. The authors are grateful to Dr. Luca Comai for providing Arabidopsis autotetraploid seeds and Dr. Dong-Hoon Jeong for providing rice Nipponbare seeds. Our sincere thanks also go to Tao Li and Asmita Batajoo for plant care, Dr. Junhua Li and the former colleagues, Drs. Cary H Hord, Yoshitaka Azumi and Wuxing Li at the Pennsylvania State University for sharing their experiences with us. This study was supported by funds from the American Society of Plant Biologists SURF program and the University of Minnesota UROP program to RP and by funds from the USDA-BRDC, Dow Agrosciences, and University of Minnesota Academic Health Center to CC.
Conflict of interest: the authors report no conflicts of interest.
Received for publication: 19 March 2010.
Revision received: 16 July 2010.
Accepted for publication: 16 July 2010.
©Copyright R. Peterson et al., 2010
Licensee PAGEPress, Italy
International Journal of Plant Biology 2010; 1:e13
The ability to use chemical staining to discriminate aborted from non-aborted pollen grains has well-known practical applications in agriculture. A commonly used technique for assessing pollen vitality, Alexander's stain, uses chloral hydrate, phenol and mercuric chloride, all of which are highly toxic. We describe here an improved pollen staining technique that avoids the use of a regulated chemical chloral hydrate and two extremely toxic chemicals mercuric chloride and phenol, and requires a much shorter time period for sample preparation and staining. This simplified method is very useful for field studies without high-end equipments such as fluorescence microscopes. Samples can be collected and fixed in the fields and examined in a simple laboratory that has light microscopes.
A facile assay for determination of the vitality of pollen grains is important for plant breeders as well as for biologists interested in development of the male gametophyte. Pollen germination assays frequently require optimization as well as being time consuming and difficult to reproduce.1 A simple rapid staining technique that clearly differentiates aborted from non-aborted pollen would provide needed information and improve throughput. For many years, nuclear dyes such as acetocarmine and cotton blue have been used for staining pollen, as have the vital dyes triphenyl tetrazolium chloride (TTC) and tetrazolium red. TTC and other vital dyes have been found to stain aborted pollen grains to varying degrees.2,3,4 Some fluorescent dyes have been used to differentiate aborted and non-aborted pollen grains, which include a most commonly used dye of fluorescein diacetate that was initially developed to examine the viability of mammalian cells.5,6 The uses of fluorescent dyes, however, require special equipment, such as fluorescence microscopes, which limit the application for field studies and most agricultural extension stations that do not have the available equipment.
A major improvement in differential pollen staining was reported by M.P. Alexander in 1969. Alexander's stain colors aborted pollen grains from most angiosperms and the spores of gymnosperms blue-green, and non-aborted pollen grains and spores stain magenta-red.7 Unfortunately, three ingredients of Alexander's protocol exhibit possible health risks. Two of these reagents are chloral hydrate that is used in the stain solution and the mercuric chloride that is used in the fixative. Both are either highly regulated by worldwide government standards on chemical toxicities or threaten the health of those who use the stain solution.8 The third harmful reagent is phenol. It can be absorbed through the skin and has shown to disrupt the function of the central nervous system.9 Another drawback to Alexander's protocol is the long time it requires to obtain clear results. Thus, it is not a very efficient method and does not allow for acquisition of data in a timely manner. In addition, the protocol calls for optimization of the recipes to penetrate oily, spiny, thick, or thin coatings around the pollen and for staining pollen in non-dehiscent anthers. Due to the protocol variations, experimental results obtained in different laboratories have proven to be inconsistent. Some researchers have obtained excellent results, with differential coloration reflecting the results in Alexander's original report.10,11,12 In some cases, the pollen grains were able to be distinguished, but the images were not clear due to non-transparent anther walls.13 In other cases, the anther wall was sufficiently transparent and the non-aborted pollen grains stained red, but the aborted pollen grains were colorless or only very pale green.14,15,16 Such variability can be explained by differences in preparation of the tissues, differences in local environmental conditions during staining, or differences in the source of chemical ingredients.
One additional problem with Alexander's protocol is limited access to chloral hydrate, which requires restricted federal and state licenses for purchase in the United States, that also incur additional costs to the research laboratory. We report here a simplified staining protocol that does not use chloral hydrate, mercuric chloride or phenol and yet rapidly produces a clear differentiation between aborted and non-aborted pollen, even within non-dehiscent anthers.
Materials and Methods
A total of 22 plant species and 3 different Arabidopsis lines were tested (Table 1). Arabidopsis, strawberry (Fragaria vesca Coville), tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.) and rice (Oryza sativa L.) plants were grown in the greenhouse or growth chambers. Other plants tested were grown outdoors under ambient conditions in Minnesota, USA.
Bud fixation
Flower buds or free anthers were collected before anthesis, when pollen was mature but anthers non-dehiscent (stage 12 flower buds) ,17 and fixed in Carnoy's fixative (6 alcohol:3 chloroform:1 acetic acid)18 for a minimum of 2 hours. Buds can be stored in fixative for 12 months at either room temperature or cold room. For large buds, such as Rhododendron, Tulipa or Magnolia, individual anthers were dissected from the stage 13 flower bud and fixed.
Stain solution
The final stain solution we used was prepared by adding the following constituents in the order given below and stored in the dark.
10 mL 95% alcohol
1 mL Malachite green (1% solution in 95% alcohol)
50 mL Distilled water
25 mL Glycerol
5 mL Acid fuchsin (1% solution in water)
0.5 mL Orange G (1% solution in water)
4 mL Glacial acetic acid
Add distilled water (4.5 mL) to a total of 100 mL.
Following at least two hours of fixation, the bud can be placed on a microscope slide and the fixative's liquid was thoroughly and carefully dried from the plant material with absorbent paper. Proper safety gloves should be worn to avoid the risk of chloroform from being absorbed through the skin. Apply 2-4 drops of the stain solution before the sample completely dries. If flower buds have been collected instead of free anthers, the buds should be dissected to release the anthers and pollen. Under a dissecting microscope the leftover plant debris can be carefully removed. To save stain solution, samples can be dissected prior to putting individual anthers into stain. Some anthers, such as those of Magnolias, are too large to be viewed intact and must be dissected further.
Once the sample is in the stain, slowly heat the slide over an alcohol burner in a fume hood until the stain solution is near boiling (~30 seconds). A more moderate rate of heating allows better penetration of the dye into the cellulose and protoplasm of the pollen. Extremely high temperatures resulting in smoking or bubbling of the stain can burn the dye and the sample. Heating can be adjusted by briefly moving the slide in and out of the flame. To ensure stain has been completely absorbed into the pollen grains, 10 to 15 minutes should be allowed for some species such as Lonicera tatarica, Ginkgo biloba, Pinus resinosa and Rhododendron mucronulatum.
Place a cover-slip over the sample and apply even pressure on the cover-slip to ensure that all plant components converge to one plane. The cover-slip can be sealed using nail polish or wax. Slides were examined using a Leitz microscope (Ernst Leitz Wetzlar GmbH, Germany). Micrographs were taken using a Spot Insight digital camera (Diagnostic instruments, Inc. Sterling Heights, MI, USA) and edited with Adobe Photoshop CS2 (Adobe Systems Inc. CA, USA).
Results and Discussion
The simplified stain resulted in excellent differentiation of pollen in all 22-plant species tested (Table 1). Photographs of 13 out of 22 examined species are included in Figure 1, all of which demonstrated clear differentiation of aborted and non-aborted pollen grains, except the Arabidopsis Ler ecotype that showed all non-aborted pollen grains (Figure 1D). To represent different types of pollen and/or anther structures, both Angiosperms and Gymnosperms were studied. To exemplify these different morphologies certain species are shown in Figure 1. Of the Angiosperm species, strawberry [Fragaria vesca (Rugen)] has thick anther walls and small pollen grains (Figure 1H); woody honeysuckle (Lonicera tatarica) has thick pollen walls (Figure 1I); azalea (Rhododendron mucronulatum) shows tetrad pollen structure (Figure 1L); rice [Oryza sativa (Nipponbare)] has thin pollen walls (Figure 1J); dandelion (Taraxacum officinale) has thick and oily pollen walls (Figure 1N) and tulip (Tulipa spp) has larger pollen grains (Figure 1O). In all tested samples, non-aborted pollen grains stained magenta-red and aborted pollen grains stained blue-green. This differentiation can be seen in Arabidopsis autotetraploid (Figure 1E). No significant differences in the stain clarity were observed with thick or thin walled pollen grains, or with oily or waxy pollen. Pollen within non-dehiscent anthers (Figure 1 C, D, E, H, K, N) stained as well as free pollen (Figure 1 A, B, G, I), even without the mercuric chloride and phenol used in the original Alexander's staining preparation.7,19
As a supplementary improvement for the safety and accessibility of this improved staining technique, phenol was avoided. The original use of phenol (5%) was to help make the stain on the slides more transparent. As a result of this transparency, the differential staining would theoretically become clearer. However, once quantitative and qualitative experiments were done in the absence of phenol, it became evident that phenol was unnecessary for clear differential staining (Figure 1 C, F). A minor difference was noted only for pollens inside the non-dehisced anthers. Despite this small difference, no significant change of the staining of non-aborted pollen grains was observed when comparing the stains with or without phenol (as shown in Table 1). These data agree with the notion that the stain without phenol is as credible as the stain with phenol. Thus, the omission of phenol in this pollen staining technique is recommended.
Alexander's protocol for differential staining of aborted and non-aborted pollen is a frequently cited technique because of its usability for many different applications. However, the availability of chemicals used for the stain, the variability inherent in protocols that need to be optimized for each plant and the amount of time required to obtain results, limit the protocol's applicability and the reproducibility. In particular, the need to use chloral hydrate requires licenses that may be difficult or expensive to obtain in some countries. The simplified stain described here, using the stain solution with Carnoy's fixative, allows for the use of the protocol in both laboratory and field studies. The procedure can be used for all types of pollen grains. The 2-hour incubation in the chloroform and acetic acid containing fixative sufficiently removes oils or sticky materials and clears pollen and anther walls.7 Additional heating (1-2 min.) or incubation time (10-15 min.) in the stain, for certain species listed previously, may be necessary for optimal stain absorption. There is no additional chemicals (chloral hydrate or phenol) needed to clear the sample, and no specific fixative needed either. The simplification to using Carnoy's fixative also allows for longer fixation prior to staining, facilitating field studies or studies with large numbers of samples. The entire procedure takes a little more than 2 hours, eliminating the long incubations and the optimization of steps required in the Alexander's stain.7,20
|Table 1. A list of plant species tested.
|Figure 1. Differential staining of aborted and non-aborted pollen grains. (A) Ginkgo biloba. (B) Pinus resinosa. (C) Acer rubrum, stained without phenol. (D) Arabidopsis thaliana Ler (diploid). (E) Arabidopsis thaliana Ler (autotetraploid). (F) Acer rubrum, stained with phenol. (G) Betula populifolia. (H) Fragaria versca (Rugen). (I) Lonicera tatarica. (J) Oryza sativa. (K) Prunus padus. (L) Rhododendron mucronulatum. (M) Solanum lycopersicum (Microtom). (N) Taraxacum officinale. (O) Tulipa spp.
Bar=50 mm, all images are at the same magnification. Arrows indicate aborted pollen grains that stained blue-green. Non-aborted pollen grains are stained magenta-red.
1. Boavida LC, McCormick S. Temperature as a determinant factor for increased and reproducible in vitro pollen germination in Arabidopsis thaliana. Plant J 2007;52:570-82.[PubMed]
2. Oberle G, D., Watson R. The use of 2,3,5-triphenyl tetrazolium chloride in viability test of fruit pollen. Amer Soc Hort Sci Proc 1953;61:299-303.
3. Aslam LM, Brown MS, Kohel RJ. Evaluation of seven tetrazolium salts as vital pollen stain in Gossypium. Crop Sci 1964;4:508-10.
4. Sarvella P. Vital stain testing of pollen viability. J Hered 1964;55:154-8.[Abstract]
5. Rotman B, Papermaster BW. Membrane properties of living mammalian cells as studied by enzymatic hydrolysis of fluorogenic esters. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 1966;55:134-41.[PubMed]
6. Wang Z-Y, Ge Y, Scott M, Spangenberg G. Viability and longevity of pollen from transgenic and nontransgenic tall fescue (Festuca arundinacea) (Poaceae) plants. Am J Bot 2004;91:523-30.[Abstract]
7. Alexander MP. Differential staining of aborted and nonaborted pollen. Stain Technol 1969;44:117-22.[PubMed]
8. Liedl BE, McCormick S, Mutschler MA. A clearing technique for histochemical location of GUS activity in pullen tubes and ovules of Lycopersicon. Plant Mol Biol Rep 1993;11:194-201.
9. Hathaway GJ, Proctor NH, Hughes JP, Fischman ML. Proctor and Hughes' chemical hazards of the workplace. 3rd ed. New York: Van Nostrand Reinhold 1991.
10. Bleuyard JY, White CI. The Arabidopsis homologue of Xrcc3 plays an essential role in meiosis. EMBO J 2004;23:439-49.[PubMed]
11. Kaur J, Sebastian J, Siddiqi I. The Arabidopsis-mei2-like genes play a role in meiosis and vegetative growth in Arabidopsis. Plant Cell 2006;18:545-59.[PubMed]
12. Chen C, Zhang W, Timofejeva L, et al. The Arabidopsis ROCK-N-ROLLERS gene encodes a homolog of the yeast ATP-dependent DNA helicase MER3 and is required for normal meiotic crossover formation. Plant J 2005;43:321-34.[PubMed]
13. Azumi Y, Liu D, Zhao D, et al. Homolog interaction during meiotic prophase I in Arabidopsis requires the SOLO DANCERS gene encoding a novel cyclin-like protein. EMBO J 2002;21:3081-95.[PubMed]
14. Ebel C, Mariconti L, Gruissem W. Plant retinoblastoma homologues control nuclear proliferation in the female gametophyte. Nature 2004;429:776-80.[PubMed]
15. Grelon M, Vezon D, Gendrot G, Pelletier G. AtSPO11-1 is necessary for efficient meiotic recombination in plants. EMBO J. 2001;20:589-600.[PubMed]
16. Hord CL, Sun YJ, Pillitteri LJ, et al. Regulation of Arabidopsis early anther development by the mitogen-activated protein kinases, MPK3 and MPK6, and the ERECTA and related recepter-like kinases. Mol plant 2008;1:645-58.[PubMed]
17. Smyth DR, Bowman JL, Meyerowitz EM. Early flower development in Arabidopsis. Plant Cell 1990;2:755-67.[PubMed]
18. Carnoy JB. Les globules polaires de l. ascaris clavata. La Cellule 1887;3:276.
19. Ostergren G, Heneen K. A squash technique for chromosome morphological studies. Hereditas 1962;48:332-41.[Abstract]
20. Alexander MP. A versatile stain for pollen fungi, yeast and bacteria. Stain Technol 1980;55:13-8.[PubMed]
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Mirage Noir- Sigrun by krvloreWatch
©2013-2016 krvlore
I was gonna put some text, but I forgot. -__-;
This is very well done. I like how you kept it detailed even though you went with the large head route. Most people who go that way are too lazy. Good job and props to you! Fantastic design.
Thanx very much ya I tend to ill-porportionate certain body parts, mostly the head, but I always realize it when its too late, so I'm like,"phuk it!" And I continue with it to the very end. If u look hard enough on all my art u'll find something wrong with a body part, but I learned to accept it as part of my style as well as my messy line work thanx youez very much for going into greater detail about my art, much appreciated
anytime! I always just see people posting this like, "oh that's cool!" but nobody ever really says much more. People who don't make the work tend to have the best understanding of other artists' abilities. I found that out the hard way hahaha
Lol that's true I wish more people would give me a more in depth comment on my art, like what u did, cuz I'm far from being a professional and critiques from people would really help. Maybe I should ask for critiques when I submit...
have interesting drawings
really nice^^
very cute!!
kawaii *.*


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Nintendo's updated their digital downloads across the Wii, 3DS, and DSi today, mixing racers, strategy, card games, platformers, and even The Blue Man Group. Remember, DSiWare can be played on the 3DS.
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Nintendo Video
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Nintendo DSiWare
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- Bridge (cosmigo, $4.99)


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Brunch Bar: Taste Brunch Offerings From Over 50 Restaurants & Vendors
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The last date listed for Brunch Bar was Sunday September 20, 2015 / 11:00am.
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Very well organized. Lots of food and wine choices for every taste..
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Nice event on a beautiful day. Great jazz band and interesting food but felt that too many of the savory dishes included pork.
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It was better than expected. The vendors were all very friendly and very candid. My favorite items were the pork tostada and the pork belly on pound cake. My favorite wines were the cider wines from Carr's Ciderhouse. And I loved the food...continued
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Delicious food, good atmosphere, nice weather... Wish there were few more non-alcoholic vendors... yes.. I know..food and WINE.... :)
Check out the Brunch Bar web page for the full lineup of vendors.
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Download Backflip Tutorial (Grass) video
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Backflip Tutorial (Grass)
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*Read before watching!!
Update - wow thanks guys, all your video views got this video into YT partnership! I never expected to get so many views from a little tutorial but its much appreciated, more tutorials coming your way! :)
I am not responsible for any injury while following this tutorial. TRY AT YOUR OWN RISK!
A video that breaks down the ways on how to do a backflip on grass. I am a trampoline coach, but this video is just to give some tips and just a tutorial, meaning I am not responsible for injuries that occur while trying anything. this video was made it was to show and still give you a basic guideline on how to set up, takeoff, and land a backflip, but most importantly get over your fear and go for the backflip once you are at the comfortable point.
If you have no experience, whatsoever, DON'T TRY IT! It is reccomended that you master the backflip on a trampoline first, preferably where a certified coach can teach you, or at least until you have the basic knowledge of how to properly prepare to attempt a backflip.
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Enough talking! Be safe, have fun, and GOOD LUCK!
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The Tenth Life annual plant sale fundraiser is here to take your mind off of the cold and help you start thinking about spring planting!
The Tenth Life is Dayton's largest no-kill cat (and a few dogs!) shelter, and the annual plant sale is one of their biggest fundraisers. All of the plants are supplied by our local Furst nursery, and includes a huge selection of flowers (both annuals and perennials), vegetable plants, herbs, hanging baskets, mixed flowering pots and patio pots and more. Furst asks that orders be in to The Tenth Life – with payment – by March 15 in order to accommodate their growing requirements; in exchange, Furst gives The Tenth Life an early-order discount which The Tenth Life passes on to you.
Please see the order form for the entire selection and the prices. If there is a plant that you want that is not listed, please contact The Tenth Life at (937) 376-5550 and they will check with Furst and get back to you with the availability and price of your desired plant(s).
Additional order forms can be downloaded from The Tenth Life web site or you can call them and they will send you extra forms. If you miss the March 15 deadline, The Tenth Life will have two to three thousand dollars' worth of extra plants on hand for your shopping convenience.
Plants will be available for pickup beginning at 4:30 p.m. on May 6 - the week before Mother's Day! You can complete your Mother's Day shopping and help raise funds for the shelter at the same time! The hours for pickup are 4:30-7:30 p.m. weeknights, 10:30 a.m.- 5:00 p.m. on Saturday and 12:30-5:00 p.m. on Sunday. If you absolutely cannot come during these hours, call The Tenth Life at (937) 376-5550, and they will make arrangements to accommodate your schedule.
The order form can be found by clicking this link to The Tenth Life Newsletter and scrolling down a few pages.
Miko (pictured) came to The Tenth Life from a family in Troy, Ohio. He has obviously been very well fed and is very friendly (to both humans and other cats). Miko is reserved, but adores attention and purrs frequently when approached by humans.
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Last week's post about the manager struggling with how to tell his assistant that her shirts were too low-cut provided the inspiration for my post today at U.S. News & World Report … which is about 10 things your boss might be thinking but isn't telling you.
To be clear, a good boss will have the difficult and awkward conversations that need to be had. But there are plenty of less-than-perfect bosses out there, and it's worth thinking about what kinds of things they might be avoiding telling you because they feel awkward bringing it up.
You can read it here.


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Police have determined a Garden City Community College student found dead in his dorm room took his own life.
The 19-year-old's body was discovered Saturday morning by another student. He was a sophomore from Englewood, Colorado, and a member of the GCCC football team.
College counselors, Student Services Division members and others are continuing to make themselves available and provide support to any students affected by the death. College representatives were also planning to speak briefly to classmates in all of the student's classes this week, beginning today.
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There's only one configuration available, packing 4 GB of RAM and the 64-bit edition of Windows Home Premium to address the full amount of memory. The notebook ships with a 200GB 7,200rpm hard drive and a second available drive bay for expansion, plus a multi-format DVD burner and built-in webcam.
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Nov. 24, 2010
Nov. 24, 2010
No. 13 Huskies Fall To No. 2 Michigan State, 76-71
Huskies Fall To Kentucky, 74-67
No. 13 UW tops Virginia 106-63
EA Sports Maui Invitational bracket
Become Facebook friends with UW Basketball!
During the EA Sports Maui Invitational, Husky senior Justin Holiday will check in with GoHuskies.com to keep fans updated on all the happenings with the team. Although his blog is titled "Justin's Hawaiian Holiday", this is anything but a vacation. The Huskies are here to take care of business.
We played another top-level team today. Michigan State is the second-ranked team in the nation. They are a team that runs their offense well and pushes the ball, maybe even better than us. I thought we played a lot better defense today as far as getting back and stopping their sets. We were a lot tougher than we were last night.
The key for us losing was how smart we were. A smart team always wins, no matter how good you are. Last night, Kentucky was smarter, stronger and played tougher than us. Today, we were tough, but we weren't smart. That directly led to us losing. I'm proud that we fought hard, but we weren't able to win. It sucks to not win the game.
What we can take from the experience though is that we learned that we are able to play with the top-level teams. We're not that much different from Kentucky and Michigan State, but we just -- I can't emphasize this enough -- need to be smarter. We figured out the tough thing over night, but we have to be smart.
Being smart also means we have to rebound well. I don't think I even rebounded well. I only had three. We have to get rebounds and be tough. (Draymond) Green and (Delvon) Roe they were men. They were strong and tough. We have to come with it next time the opportunity presents itself.
We didn't have much time in the locker room after the game because we had to get out for Virginia, but Coach Romar told us we'll be alright. I know if he had more time, he would have told us we need to be a smarter team and get the little things done. And, we'll need to do it the whole game, not just every now and then. If we would have done that, we would have been up a little longer.
With basketball done, I might still just watch tape of last night's game. But, I might, depending on what my dad or teammates want to do, go outside and sit around the pool.
Once again, thanks to the fans for their support, especially to those who came out to Maui. Thanks for watching us and sticking with us. We're going to try to turn this around. Happy Thanksgiving!
KAANAPALI, Maui, Wednesday, 8:30 a.m.
Yesterday, I woke up early and after breakfast watched basketball and was thinking about the game, just preparing for Kentucky. We had a walk-through in the ballroom and even had a half court setup and went over their offense.
After that we relaxed in our rooms. I went to sleep for a bit, woke up, got taped and then went to the game.
The atmosphere for the game was great. Kentucky had a big crowd, but at the same time I think we had a pretty good showing. Thanks again Husky fans for the support.
Kentucky just outhustled us and beat us to the boards. If you look at the stat sheet, a lot of the stuff is the same. We just have to be able to win when we aren't shooting well. I think we're going to learn from this game.
On offense we have to swing the ball more. We didn't have a lot of assists as we normally do and we need to have some type of continuity and not just stand around. What we can learn from this game is that we have to always hustle, always rebound and always play as a team on offense.
It doesn't get any easier today as we have another big game with Michigan State. The characteristics of a good team are being able to bounce back after things aren't going your way. We need to show that we're still one of the top teams in the nation and go out and play hard and hopefully get this win today.
KAANAPALI, Maui, Tuesday, 11:00 p.m.
Tough loss tonight. Have to get some rest and will post my thoughts tomorrow. Thanks Dawg fans for all your support.
I woke up early again today after a good rest. It seems like Coach Romar is doing things a little different than normal on road trips as we're getting more rest than we usually do before games. It makes sense because we're in a different environment and playing a lot of games in a short time.
After breakfast we had some down time and I chilled in my room. I know it's boring, but I just lay in bed and watched games on TV. I watched Kemba Walker (UConn point guard) do his thing. He was killing it out there.
Mostly, I was just getting excited for our game and thinking about everything and going through scenarios over in my head. I can't emphasize enough of how much I was going `I hope we do this...And I hope we do that.' Being a leader, I have a lot of responsibility to make sure we do things right.
And now, it will be the same thing with Kentucky. I'm just ready...you all saw what we did tonight and I'm just hoping we can do it again tomorrow. Kentucky has a lot of firepower. If we play good defense, we'll make it tough on them. If we come out the way we did tonight and maybe play defense even better, we're going to give them a hard time. I know it's easy to say, but if we come out and play Husky basketball the way we know we can play, we're going to be okay. But, Kentucky is real good, so we'll see.
As for tonight, the game ball wasn't as slippery as the ones we had in practice, so that situation could have really helped us. Or, maybe we just stepped up. Either way, the confidence level really rose up and we were just hitting from everywhere. It's not the first time we were able to shoot well, so I don't really see it as a fluke. It's just what our team does. The only thing is we have to be ready for the games where we don't hit well.
Personally, I didn't even know I had six steals, and I'm a defensive guy, so that makes me feel good. I also am real proud of my nine rebounds, because we have been looking for someone else to help rebound the basketball. If I can get nine or 10 rebounds a game, it's going to really help the team. Having that many rebounds and that many steals -- that's getting the ball back for our team and that helps in getting more buckets and more threes made.
Tonight, I'm going straight to bed. BUT, I might visit with my dad a bit or watch tape of the game to see what we could have done better and seen what I could have done differently.
To the Husky fans, thank you for your support and keep supporting us. We'll try to bring it home for you guys.
KAANAPALI, Maui, Monday, 4:30 p.m.
It's gameday. I'm focusing right now and will blog later tonight.
KAANAPALI, Maui, Sunday, 7:15 p.m.
And, waking up today was GOOD. Just think of the best dream you have possible and that's what it's like waking up in Hawai'i. Especially when we came from Seattle where you wake up and it's still dark in the morning. Being able to see sun -- sometimes you forget about the sun in Washington -- coming out here and being able to wake up and see the beaches almost make you forget that we're here to play basketball. But, you have to come back to reality and know that you're here to take care of business.
We had breakfast and we did some study hall, so I got some studying in today. I did a little paper and then we got to chill out. We had some time off, more than usual, and we could have walked out onto the beach and had some fun, but we're here to play basketball. Scott (Suggs) and I just hung out in our room and talked to our parents, who came out to watch us play.
We had practice today and we're real excited to play somebody besides ourselves. We play each other all summer and fall and now we're ready to go. I'm especially excited to come out here and do this because we always get to watch the Maui Tournament on TV and it's exciting to be a part of it and hopefully we can get some wins.
Tomorrow we'll be wearing our new uniforms. I actually saw the prints of them way back and we're excited about having them. The only teams we've seen wear them are the top teams like Duke, so we call them the "Duke uniforms." It is real cool to have uniforms with different designs and to know that we're getting them because we're considered an elite team.
We look forward to playing tomorrow and I am glad we finally get to play for real.
KAANAPALI, Maui, Saturday, 9:15 p.m.
I returned to (Lahania Civic Center) today and it felt different from what I remembered it. It wasn't as small as I remember it being.
It was good for us to get out there and practice before we play on Monday because there is a lot of things we have to adjust to -- the balls are a little slippery, sometimes the court is a little slippery when the sweat hits it. I don't want to say we're sweating more, but it seems like the sweat is bothering us a little more than it usually does, especially with the ball because the ball is really, really slippery. I think we're going to be okay and we'll get used to it and be ready by Monday.
Another thing, the rims are really soft, so there is going to be a lot of rebounds right around the basket. There is not going to be many long rebounds. That could be to our advantage, depending on who we play and how we crash the boards. I think we're going to be fine.
We were all cheering hard for Terrence, but I don't think he executed real well at the end of the game. He had the game won and he didn't execute down the stretch. It's all good. As long as it doesn't happen for real on Monday.
It was a good setup in that we all got to hang out before we all become enemies game time. I got to see Virginia up close when we played the video game against them. I got to see their size and who they had.
Another thing that was funny is that I got to see players and coaches that I normally only get to see on TV. It was kind of funny.
Also, the video game is funny because you get to play it and there you are on the screen. I had played it before with my little brother, so it's fun to play and scoring with your video game self. It's kind of like watching your team when you're on the bench.
We have video to end the evening. I cut a couple guys hair and then hopped in the shower, so I'm just hanging around waiting to go watch video on Virginia. My dad is here in town so afterwards I am going to try to hang around and talk to him, but then it's bedtime.
Thanks for your support Dawg fans and I'll blog for you all tomorrow.
KAHULUI, Maui, Saturday, 12:15 p.m.
Hey Husky fans. Justin here, checking in from Hawai'i.
Last night, the only thing I really worried about packing was my practice jersey and basketball shoes. Other than that, all I have are a couple pairs of shorts, t-shirts and other necessities. I knew it was going to be hot here. I also had to have my laptop and cell phone. Other than that, I'm good.
I brought some DVD's for the plane ride. I brought Sherlock Holmes, 300, Avatar - probably my favorite movie right now - and some other ones. I ended up sleeping most of the flight anyways. I woke up and watched Sherlock Holmes, but I didn't finish it. It was pretty good though.
In case you're wondering, I didn't study on the plane...I'm pretty caught up in that area!
I've been to Maui three times before. I've played here in a tournament at the gym where we're going to play at, I came for vacation once because my cousin came out here for school and I came the other time for my birthday to visit my cousin.
Playing in (Lahaina Civic Center) is different. It's small, but I was in high school then. Now, I'm in college and it's going to feel a lot different after playing at Hec Ed so much. The bleachers are way smaller and closer, but I like it. It's a nice little environment. Also, there's no locker room, but other than that, it's cool.
It's great to be in Hawai'i and all, but this is a business trip. That's all I'm here for. I'm more excited about playing basketball.
Thanks for following us while we're on this trip and I'll check back later.


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Figma SP-013 is a 5.5" highly articulated action figure of Dead Master as she appeared in the Black Rock Shooter Original Video Animation (OVA). The OVA is usually simply called 'The Movie' by fans, in order to differentiate it from the subsequent video game and television series. Representing the first animated version of Dead Master, this figure most closely resembles the character from the original art as well.
Dead Master is a rather fine example of what can happen when everything goes RIGHT on a Figma. Her sculpting is exquisite, her paint applications are flawless, and her interchangeable parts work as intended. The only problem, in fact, is that her hands are clawed gauntlets (reminding one of nothing so much as Daedric gauntlets from Skyrim), so swapping the hands can be an adventure in pain if one is not careful.
Dead Master comes with the Dead Scythe, which she holds reasonably well, though its weight does require some planning on how to balance the figure in certain poses. She also is attended by her pair of floating skulls, which each come with their own stand, a nice touch. All in all, Dead Master is a slick figure, and rests at the top of the heap of what a premium collectors figure should be.
Figma SP-013 Dead Master
Dead Master figure and packaging. SP-013 represents the absolute best of what can happen when everything goes right on a Figma. Excellent paint, articulation, and sculpting mark her as the very best of the best.
Front of the box
Sp-013 Dead Master comes with a host of accessories, including both of her floating skulls, the Dead Scythe, stands for the figure and both skulls, and multiple interchangeable faces.
Back of the box
The back of the box. I like to include this shot for people who don't have their packaging anymore, or people who want to see the back (which is not usually shown on online shopping sites). Also, the people who photograph the packages are better at posing the figures than I am.
A shot of the extra pieces you usually do not see. This is nice to know for collectors. The hexagonal base is for Dead Master, the round bases are for the floating skulls. Also included are the typical swivel stand for Dead Master. The skulls' stands are two different lengths, for a little variation in display options.
The whole shebang
Dead Master with all the extras. As mentioned, her Scythe takes a little pre-planning if you want to have her hold it, since it is heavy and unbalanced. It's not terribly difficultt o work with, however.


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The video below depicts just one small sampling of the results of Barack Hussein Obama's utterly irredeemable ideology, agenda and policies. Having watched it, if you still believe that he is worthy of anything but disdain, please pack your bags and immediately immigrate to Venezuela, Cuba, China or some other Socialist cesspool.
Watch and enjoy.


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This item cannot be purchased online at this time, please call us or email us for further information.
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E-mail: firstname.lastname@example.com
The Franklin Sports MLS Soccer Goal Set comes with a soccer ball, inflation pump and needle, ground stakes and the goalie net. The goal adjust from 26.5 inches to 37.5 inches in length. It also adjust in 16.5 inches to 24 inches in height. This is great as you can adjust the goal for your child's needs. The goal comes with soccer ground stakes to offer stability for the goal. The soccer ball is an official soccer ball. The set comes with an inflation pump and needle to keep your soccer ball at the accurate size. The Franklin Sports MLS Soccer Goal Set doesn't require any assembly and is great for kids five years and older. Get your kids outdoors and active with the Soccer Goal Set.
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Skydiving.com now has a network skydiving location serving Bethel and Fairfield County in Connecticut. Call Skydiving.com at 1-800-617-7948 for details, free information and specials on skydiving in Bethel, CT today!
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PPC Account Manager - top media agency!
- Recruiter
- Ultimate Asset
- Location
- London
- Salary
- £35000 - £40000 per annum + + bens
- Posted
- 03 Dec 2012
- Closes
- 31 Dec 2012
- Ref
- 10521/001
- Contact
- Adele Bridgeman
- Discipline
- Agency
- Hours
- Full Time
- Contract Type
- Permanent
My client is a leading big budget media agency with plenty of scope and clients to give you real role autonomy! You will be able to lead the PPC function across a couple exciting gaming and entertainment accounts. This is a great chance to work for a company that is going somewhere fast and bring your PPC experience and overall search expertise to the fore.
The Role
- Work alongside senior management to expand and improve the agency's search offering
- Be involved in business strategies to implement a PPC offering worldwide
- Pursue new business PPC opportunities offering this to both existing and potential clients
- Management of PPC campaign set up and day to day implementation
The Talent
- 3/4 years PPC best practice experience
- A proven track record winning accounts and clients
- Experience working on international campaigns
- Doubleclick/ DFA experience
- Google Adwords Qualified strongly preferred
- Excellent copywriting skills
- Working knowledge of ad serving and campaign management platforms
- You must be highly communicative and engaging by nature


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Rated 4.8 out of 5 by 4 reviewers.
Rated 5 out of 5 by STLJim Great chairs at a great price! These are great chairs for the price. Excellent value for the money. These don't compare to $400 chairs but I did not want to spend that much. They sit well and have held up pretty good. We are on our second set but still have the first two which lasted 3.5 years in St. Louis (outside all the time). October 24, 2013
Rated 5 out of 5 by Cardog GREAT VALUE I purchased 18 of these Adirondack chairs to use in our hotel. Easy to assemble, no wobbles when set up and very comfortable. A nice sturdy chair. Highly recommended. June 22, 2013
Rated 5 out of 5 by Brazen Good seat for your seat 1. It took me longer to unpack the parts than to assemble the chairs. Easy peasy. 2. The red is bright, but not garish. Looks great with the red/spiced orange accessories. 3. The thing I liked least? I ordered two chairs; one came with silver bolts and the other with gold bolts. Beware if you're OCD-ish. May 30, 2013
Rated 4 out of 5 by Happybuyer2 Surprisingly good value. Many out there for considerably more money, but none as easy to assemble nor as comfortable for this price. January 11, 2014
1-4 of 4


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Earthquake of 8.9 which beats the one from 120 years ago, a huge tsunami, and now a nuclear factory threat. It's fucking day after tomorrow over there
Earthquake of 8.9 which beats the one from 120 years ago, a huge tsunami, and now a nuclear factory threat. It's fucking day after tomorrow over there
your welcome
yay. MGS3D can be released!
your welcome
Both months are divisable by three
Both happened during the morning and lasted late after-noon (could be wrong )
-goes on with other useless comparisons and panics-
Hey now, lets not get that personal with them. It's not they're fault that it made huge around the world. No, what they should be ashamed of is the FRICKIN' PANTIE VENDING MACHINES! OH THE HORROR! WET PANTIES FLOWING EVERYWHERE
Really wish they'd still release 'Panty and Stocking' season 2....
--A dreamer is one who can only find his way by moonlight, and his punishment is that he sees the dawn before the rest of the world--
Fallen_wings Global "Warming" Poke_Hunter Eon Spirit Trixie God
Silver_Espeon, Myuu, Shadow and The Editor
But you're definitely right, it's like the world is ending on this tiny little island. I tell you, if we have another huge earthquake and Mt. Fuji blows the hell up, or a reactor melts down and explodes, I WANT OUT. I WANT OUT NOW.
I'm so fucking glad my trip over there was months ago.
When I heard about it, I thought of you, Teresa...
Originally made by LM:
~ I have said nothing because there is nothing I can say that would describe how I feel as perfectly as you deserve it. -- Kyle Schmidt ~
~Silence is one of the hardest arguments to refute. -- Josh Billings ~
* dragon_berry**Fallen_Wings*
I saw a video of it inside a guys room, and the other one was with a guy in a building with a lot of other people.
Fallen Wings
A sort of update; radiation ranging from the equivalent to 1/3 to a full x-ray has been detected already around the Tokyo area, even on one of our bases. When you think about it, it isn't much, but the thing is we're about 200 miles from the closest plant/reactor. The Prime Minister has already confirmed that a reactor is leaking radiation strong enough to affect human health, so there's a real chance those levels are going to rise. What I can't understand is why the military isn't activating it's program to begin evacuating people, namely families, the hell out of here. Damn idiots are sitting on their thumbs waiting around, and by the time one of those reactors blows, it'll already be too late to get people outta here. Dunno man, things are looking bad and don't seem to be getting better any time soon.
As much as it does suck, a couple of us were talking about how we could potentially leave Japan with super powers, and if so, what they would be.
Still haven't decided yet...perhaps a time jumper, or maybe I could be electric, like Raiden!
Or it could give you cancer or be killed on spot OR;
-Give you cancer then
-You almost die but the atoms of the radiation act up and form a chemical bond with you and some how you grow armor that glows
-You gain the skills and abilities of the hulk and save japan (or atleast all the people that are important aka game designers and manga/anime artist)
It's not even close to Chernobyl, it's just a way of relating the story to the Western masses who remember the crisis. Although the earthquake and the tsunami were pretty bad, though it's amazing how well prepared Japan is for this and how people aren't pillaging and there's no instability, a real testament to man's ability to withstand nature. Although devoting a lot of the National Curriculum to earthquakes must be a real bitch...


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Return to GFB News
VIDEO: Corn Growers Gain Important Knowledge At Industry Meetings Across Georgia
Corn can be grown in just about any corner in Georgia. It's an important crop for our state's farmers. That's why hundreds of growers attend meetings around the state to learn about the latest in corn production and research. The Monitor's Rick Treptow has that story.
For more on this story:


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Comms Suite 5 Docs: Mea Culpa
By Joesciallo-Oracle on Jul 20, 2007
I was reading Comms 5 (March 2007) Deployment planning guide and came across a section that talks about deploying Comms Express, chapter 24 page 291. I believe the deployment scenario described is not accurate and does not represent the architectural change that took place between versions 6.2 and 6.3. There is no longer a requirement for Access Manager SDK and also Messaging Express Multiplexor is no longer used.Link in question is here: Communications Express on Remote Host Architecture
Sure enough, the doc is wrong on both counts. I will correct these errors, and update Figure 24-2, as soon as I can. In the meantime, what should have appeared was something along these lines:
Figure 24-2 shows a Communications Express architecture where both intranet and Internet users log on to Communications Express on the front-end host, which accesses the back-end host on their behalf. You can enable SSO on the front-end host such that Communications Express validates the session in Access Manager.
You install the front-end host with the following components:
- Messaging Server (Webmail Server)
- Calendar Server
- Web container
- (Optional) Access Manager SDK
- Communications Express
You install the back-end with the following components:
- Directory Server
- Messaging Server (Mail Store)
- Calendar Server
- (Optional) Web Container and Access Manager
The new figure should look something like this (prettied up, 'natch, thanks to our illustrator):
Thanks again to that careful reader.


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Bonnie Bartlett Movies and Career Information
Jun 20, 1929
Wisconsin Rapids
Jun 20, 1929
Wisconsin Rapids
Bonnie Bartlett is an American television and film actress. Her career spans over 60 years, with her first major role being on a 1950s daytime drama, Love of Life. She is best known for her role as Ellen Craig on the medical drama series St. Elsewhere. She and her husband, actor William Daniels, who played her fictional husband Dr. Mark Craig, won 1986 Emmy Awards on the same night, becoming the first married couple to accomplish the feat since Alfred Lunt and Lynn Fontanne in 1965.
- Bonnie Bartlett Movies before 2015
- Saving Shiloh 2006
- Shiloh 2: Shiloh Season 1999
- Primary Colors 1998
- Shiloh 1997
- Dave (1993) 1993
- Twins
- Teen Mothers (Meninas)
- Tuesdays With Morrie


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Auto Mechanics
Auto Mechanics doesn't just have to be for boys. For economic reasons, if for no other, it is a good idea for drivers to understand how their vehicle works. Its also a safety issue, you'll be able to recognize when something is not working properly and in need of repair or maintenance.
The following list of suggested activities is adapted from the Boy Scouts of America Auto Mechanics Merit Badge -- Here is a link to the web page for the Auto Mechanics Merit Badge: http://www.scouting.org/boyscouts/advancementandawards/meritbadges/mb-AUTO.aspx
NOTE: You will need access to an automobile or truck, with the owner's manual, to complete some of these activities.
1. Discuss the safety equipment, tools, and clothing used while checking or repairing a motor vehicle.
2. Explain how an internal combustion engine operates and the difference between gasoline and diesel engines.
3. Demonstrate your knowledge of general auto maintenance by making a maintenance schedule for your vehicle. The owner's manual should help with this.
4. Demonstrate how to check the fluid level of the following: brake fluid, engine oil, power steering fluid, windshield washer fluid, transmission fluid.
5. Check battery fluid, if possible, and the condition of battery terminals.
6. Show the location of fuse boxes and the size of fuses, and demonstrate the proper replacement of burned-out fuses.
7. Review the maintenance chart in the owner's manual. Explain the requirements and time limits.
8. Choose a car cleaner and wax product for the vehicle. Explain clear-coat paint and the precautions necessary for care. Clean and wax the vehicle, both inside and out.
9. Use a vinyl and rubber protectant (on vinyl tops, rubber door seals, sidewalls, etc.) and explain the importance of this protectant.
10. Demonstrate how to check the condition and tension of belts and hoses.
11. Check the lighting in the vehicle, including instrument, warning, and exterior bulbs.
12. Check headlight alignment.
13. Demonstrate how to check the vehicle exhaust system.
14. Explain the difference between tire and vehicle manufacturer's information specifications and demonstrate where to find these specifications.
15. Demonstrate how to check pressure and properly inflate a tire.
16. Demonstrate how to use the manufacturer's jack supplied with the vehicle.
17. Demonstrate how to change a tire correctly.
18. Explain the difference between bias-belted tires and radial-belted tires.
19. Diagram and explain in writing how to rotate bias-belted and radial-belted tires.
20. Using the manufacturer's guidelines, rotate the tires on the vehicle. (or watch this being done by a mechanic).
21. Explain the caster, camber, and toe-in adjustments on wheel alignment.
22. Explain why wheel alignment is important to the life of a tire.
23. Explain how to dispose of old tires properly.
24. Demonstrate your knowledge of engine lubrication.
25. Explain where to find the recommended type and amount of oil to be used in the vehicle engine.
26. Explain the difference in viscosity (10W/30 versus SAE 30).
27. Perform an oil change and oil filter change on the vehicle.
28. Explain how to dispose of the used oil and filter properly.
29. Explain the need for coolant in the cooling system of a vehicle.
30. Flush and change the engine coolant in the vehicle according to the manufacturer's instructions.
31. Explain how to dispose of used coolant properly.
32. Explain how the air and fuel system work together.
33. Explain how a carburetor works and how a fuel-injection system works.
34. Explain how an on-board computer works with the fuel injection system. Show where the computer is located.
35. Explain why it is necessary to have an air filter and a fuel filter. Locate them and change them according to the manufacturer's recommendations.
36. Explain what fuel additives are, for both the carburetor and the fuel injection systems.
37. Diagram and explain the parts of the electrical system.
38. Explain the cylinder engine sequence.
39. Explain the spark plug gap and, if practical, change the spark plug. (Use an engine with spark plugs that can be reached without tilting the engine.)
40. Demonstrate how to connect jumper cables on your battery properly. Explain how to jump-start a vehicle.
41. Explain the difference between electronic and points ignition systems.
42. Explain the difference between automatic and standard transmissions.
43. Explain the types of automatic transmission fluid.
44. Explain the types of lubricants used in a standard transmission and in the differential.
45. Explain the difference between front-wheel, rear-wheel, and four-wheel drive.
46. Explain the brake system (including anti-lock systems) and how it operates.
47. Explain the differences between disc and drum systems.
48. Demonstrate checking conditions of a vehicle brake system. After checking, make recommendations for repairs (if necessary).
49. Explain the purpose, importance, and limitations of passive restraints.


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Play as City in the FIFA 13 demo!
- 11 September 2012 08:51
- Posted by Nicola McCarthy
A free FIFA 13 demo is availableto download from Tuesday 11 September.
The download is suitable for PlayStation 3 computer entetrainment system, Xbox 360 videogame and entertainment system and PC.
The FIFA 13 demo is available through Origin, Xbox LIVE® and PlayStation Network®*.
Football fans in Europe and Japan will be able to download the FIFA 13 PlayStation3 version of the demo beginning 12 September.Download the demo for free!
Etihad Stadium is the only stadium in the Demo so you will be able to kick off your FIFA 13 experience in style!
Play as Manchester City, along with Arsenal, Juventus, AC Milan and Borussia Dortmund and experience EA SPORTS Football Club Match Day, a new feature that will drive the deepest and most meaningful connection yet between a videogame and the real world of sport ever achieved. FIFA 13 and the football season will be completely connected for the world's top leagues.
FIFA 13 captures the unpredictability of real-world football, with no two matches ever the same.
The game features breakthrough gameplay innovations such as FIFA 13 First Touch Control and the Player Impact Engine that create a true battle for possession across the entire pitch, and features like Complete Dribbling and Attacking Intelligence that deliver freedom and creativity in attack.
FIFA 13 is football's social network, where fans connect, compete and share with millions of others around the world.
FIFA 13 launches in the UK on Friday 28 September.
Pre-order your copy of FIFA 13 for exclusive bonus content.


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Last year Eddie Arroyo had an outstanding season for the Liberal Bee Jays. He hit over .300 and stole 15 bases while playing a solid second base for the NBC champion Bee Jays. But in joining his former junior college coach Mike Silva with the BJ's this summer, Arroyo did something in the opener he didn't do in 2010. Arroyo broke a 5-5 tie in the sixth with a homerun over the right field law to pave the way for a 10-5 BJ victory over the Pueblo Collegians at Brent Gould Field. Arroyo was 4-5 with three RBI's.
The BJ's received an outstanding pitching performance out of the bullpen from Campbellsville right hander Rusty Devett who pitched five scoreless innings with 11 strikeouts. Campbellsville righty and returning BJ Michael McBride started opening night and pitched the first four innings.
The BJ's have more pitchers than position players right now so Texas-Arlington's Kasey Merck was 3-4 with two RBI's.
Liberal hosts Pueblo again Thursday night. Brown's Furniture is the buyout sponsor.
©2016 Seward County Broadcasting Company, Inc.
1410 N. Western Ave. Liberal, KS 67901


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Note: Supplemental materials are not guaranteed with Rental or Used book purchases.
Children, Youth and Development
ISBN13:by Ansell; Nicola
Nonspecific Binding
List Price:
Not Yet Printed. Place an order and we will ship it as soon as it arrives.
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Questions About This Book?
What version or edition is this?
This is the 2nd edition with a publication date of 8/15/2016.
What is included with this book?
- The New copy of this book will include any supplemental materials advertised. Please check the title of the book to determine if it should include any CDs, lab manuals, study guides, etc.
Children, Youth and Development explores the varied ways in which global processes in the form of development policies, economic and cultural globalisation, and international agreements combine with more locally specific practices to shape the lives of young people living in the poorer regions of the world. It examines these processes, and the effects they have on young people#xE2;#xAC;"s lives, in relation to developing theoretical approaches to the study of children and youth. The book introduces different theoretical approaches to the study of young people, and explores the ways in which these, along with predominantly Western conceptions of childhood and youth, have influenced how Third World children have been viewed and treated by international agencies. It explores diverse approaches to development and how these have both neglected, and impinged on the lives of young people. Contexts of globalisation and growing international inequality are explored, alongside more local conditions and cultural practices. Chapters are devoted to young people#xE2;#xAC;"s health and education, to their involvement in work of various kinds, and to the specific situations of children living in especially difficult circumstances. The book also examines debates concerning children#xE2;#xAC;"s rights and their participation in development projects and in research processes. The book has been updated to take account of significant changes in the contexts in which poor children grow up, notably the financial crisis and changing development policy environment, as well as recent theoretical developments. It is aimed at students on higher level undergraduate and postgraduate courses, as well as researchers who are unfamiliar with this area of research and practitioners in organisations working to ameliorate the lives of children in Third World countries. It introduces material and concepts to readers in a very accessible way and within each chapter employs features such as boxed case studies, summaries of key ideas, discussion questions and guides to further resources. These features will be fully updated in the new edition.


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This morning I am waking up to eat this delicious breakfast treat with a gorgeous ocean view, however, this quick and easy brunch recipe is sure to add a little sunshine and warmth into even the coldest of winter days. This recipe can be made with either a culinary torch, or, if you are making it for a large group, under the broiler of your oven. This recipe could also be made, with or without the vodka, or you could try to use a vanilla vodka. I can't vouch for that, but as I was making mine this morning, I thought that sounded like a very delicious idea!
Grapefruit Brûlée
- 2 grapefruits red or pink, halved and sectioned (leaving the sections in each of the grapefruit halves)
- 1/4 cup vodka regular or vanilla
- 4 tbsp brown sugar
Turn on broiler in oven and place on high. Over a small glass, tilt grapefruit to release any excess juices. (do not squeeze the fruit, just remove any juices that may spill over onto the pan). Save for another use (or drink now if you are thirsty! Haha) Place grapefruit on cookie sheet. Pour 1 tablespoon of vodka over each grapefruit half and sprinkle each one with 1 tablespoon of sugar. Place the pan in the oven about 5 inches away from the broiler. Be sure to leave the oven door cracked slightly and broil for 5-10 minutes or until the sugar bubbles and caramelizes on top of the grapefruit. You will also notice that the grapefruit will seem to "swell" slightly. Remove from the oven and enjoy!


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I started playing with fabric, buttons and bits of trim at 5 ish years old. Folding, tucking and cutting to dress my dolls and make them their beds. Paper dolls were made by Mom and then we designed the wardrobe. Next, I was given a needle and thread and Mom let me (finally )use the green VIKING when I was 8. Been sewing ever since.
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Those in the Central Pennsylvania hospitality business may be feeling that they dodged a bullet with the NCAA's decision not to suspend Penn State's immensely popular football program.
The punishments, while severe, do ensure that there still will be football weekends at State College and Beaver Stadium, bringing in top-flight Big Ten rivals.
Football weekends, on average, bring 120,000 people into Centre County and the surrounding region, said Betsey Howell, executive director of the State College-based Central Pennsylvania Convention and Visitors Bureau. "We send people to Harrisburg looking for lodging," Howell said.
On their face, the penalties "could have been worse" for the businesses in the region, Howell said.


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Konami's switch to mobile turns a profit
No word on sales numbers for Metal Gear Solid V.READ MORE >
"This is exactly why I'm so over Kairosoft. It's basically the same base game skinned ..."see all 5 comments
Ubisoft: only unnanounced games were canceled
Ubisoft has assuaged fears by confirming that only unannounced titles were among the games hit by yesterday's cancellations, seemingly putting I Am Alive and Beyond Good & Evil 2 in the clear.READ MORE >
"Or.... it WAS cancelled... they then received 50,000 emails and 2,000 death threats and decided ..."see all 12 comments
Ubisoft posts $74M net losses, cancels games
Ubisoft has detailed its results for the fiscal year ending in March 31, 2011. The period showed a $74 million loss, a 19% increase in sales, and the cancellation of unspecified games.READ MORE >
"In complete agreement. R6V2 was the last Ubi game I enjoyed--in fact, my friends and I still ..."see all 45 comments
Activision Blizzard Annual Net Revenue Up; Workforce Restructured in Wake of Game Cancellations
Activision Blizzard has confirmed that a wave of job losses will sweep through the company after revealing multiple titles in its catalog have been...READ MORE >
"I see my cunning expression wasn't lost on you. it sucked before he bought it, it sucks again."see all 27 comments
Kinect Helps Boost Second-Quarter for Microsoft
"Cameras! Cameras for everybody!" Is what we imagine Microsoft was screaming when its second-quarter FY 2011 data was compiled and released last...READ MORE >
"Zune (and especially the Zune Software) was actually awesome, they just didn't sell well."see all 31 comments
Take-Two Interactive Wrangles $42.6 million in Profit; Shares Jump 8 Percent
Yesterday, Take-Two Interactive announced that its net revenue earnings increased to $1.16 billion for the 12 month period, ending October 31,...READ MORE >
"Good games cost money. I hope they keep up the risk like this."see all 6 comments
Ubisoft Sales Improve but Still Operating at a Loss; New Ghost Recon and Driver Delayed Again
Ubisoft has released its financial results report for the first-half of 2010-11, showing a 57 percent increase in sales. The Paris-based developer...READ MORE >
"I hope it gets delayed until UPlay goes belly up otherwise they wont sell ANY on PC anyway."see all 14 comments
Viacom Reveals Plans to Sell Rock Band Developer Harmonix
Within its third-quarter financial report, media conglomerate Viacom revealed plans to sell Harmonix, the developer behind Dance Central and the...READ MORE >
"i havent played it in 4 months. had no interest in the latest game. im done with it."see all 19 comments
Atari Revenue Drops Substantially in First-Half of Fiscal Year; Future Focus on Online Market
Atari has released its financial report [PDF] for the first-half of the year revealing a 56.8 percent drop in revenue, or 60 percent at a constant...READ MORE >
"Does their online division deal with the games they've re-released on GOG.com? Because if so, ..."see all 2 comments
Square Enix Reports Profit Drop as Key Franchises Continue to Sell Over Time
Since we've become some fans of financial reports, we were giddy when we noticed Square Enix released [PDF link] its earnings for the six-month...READ MORE >
"It feels like the concepts and ideas they have been trying with recent games are simply not what ..."see all 26 comments
Activision Blizzard Reports 'Better-Than-Expected' Q3 2010 Results; Posts $51M in Profits
Activision Blizzard released its Q3 2010 report, revealing the company had exceeded its prior outlook by $145 million. Thanks in large part to...READ MORE >
"I suppose you could always wait until they're on sale and shortchange them their profits. That ..."see all 21 comments
Konami Increased Net Revenue in First Half of Fiscal 2011; Peace Walker Sales 'Progressed Steadily'
Konami has released its fiscal 2011 report for the first half of the year--which ran from April to September 2010--recording a slight increase in...READ MORE >
EA Reports Revenue Decline in Q2 2011; Nearly Halves Losses Over Same Period Last Year
Yesterday, Electronic Arts released its financial report for the second quarter of the fiscal year 2011--ending September 30, 2010--posting a $156...READ MORE >
"greedy company anyway !! lol....EA needs to start producing more games for pc and that includes ..."see all 6 comments
THQ Reports a Net Loss of $47 Million in Q2 2011; Focusing on 'Long-term' Investments
THQ released its earnings for the second quarter of the fiscal year 2011--which ended on September 30--revealing a net loss of $47 million on a net...READ MORE >
"They need to cancel that warhammer 40k mmo while they still can. I see them doing traditonal mmo ..."see all 5 comments
Sony Sees Overall Growth Versus Last Year's Losses; PSP Sales See Dramatic Decline
Sony Corporation has issued its earnings report for the second quarter of fiscal year 2010, revealing that the company's "Networked Products and...READ MORE >
"According to numbers compiled based on figures submitted by Sony for their fiscal year reviews, ..."see all 3 comments


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One party, two coalitions in China's politics
Author: Cheng Li, Brookings Institution
China has been the fastest growing major economy for the last two decades and will most likely be the first to recover from the global financial crisis. China's political future is less clear. The political system has increasingly proven inadequate to dealing with the complicated and sometimes contradictory needs of the Chinese economy and society.
Political tensions caused by many factors are all on the rise and China's political system does not seem capable of finding sound, safe and sustainable ways to handle these challenges. Given the pressures, what can we expect from the upcoming new generation of leadership?
There is no sign of a multiparty system emerging in the near future. The Chinese Communist Party will continue to have strict control over the army, media, legal and judicial system. While recognizing all these continuities, several important factors are now influencing change in the conduct of Chinese politics.
One is the emergence of two almost equally powerful coalitions that represent different social and geographical divisions in China. Factional politics have existed in China for a long time, but for the first time we now see a situation in which two factions, or coalitions, share power and influence and they are almost equally powerful in the one political system.
The Populist Coalition is currently led by President Hu Jintao and Premier Wen Jiabao. At the core of this faction are the Tuanpai: those leaders who moved up through the Chinese Communist Youth League (Hu Jintao's power base). This faction (the Red Team) also includes party functionaries (among them, the new left intellectuals) and rural leaders, especially those from China's inland provinces (we call them China's Red States).
The Elitist Coalition includes the 'princelings' (children of high ranking officials), the 'Shanghai Mafia', entrepreneurs and capitalists, returnee's (foreign educated Chinese nationals, or what the Chinese call the 'sea turtles'), and urban leaders from China's coastal region (China's Blue Team).
The Populist coalition is more focused on social cohesion – Hu Jintao's harmonious society – regional development, a people-centred rhetoric, and advocate 'green GDP'. They are concerned with social factors, migration patterns and the urban poor. In contrast the Elitist coalition, is interested in economic efficiency, coastal development, and less concerned about the environment, emphasising rapid GDP growth. They represent the interests of entrepreneurs and the emerging middle class.
Among the new politburo, there are six members belonging to the 5th, or 'new', leadership generation, and equally divided between the two factions. Similarly, of the six secretaries, four are from the new generation: two from each faction. Of the four Vice Premiers, two are from each faction. Of the five State Councillors, one is from the military (which is supposed to be neutral) and each faction has two. The competition between the factions is so intense that they don't want any person without strong factional ties to enter an important leadership body.
Of the 371 members of the current (17th) Central Committee only about seven per cent were born in the 1960s (the 6th generation) but almost half were born in the 1950s (the 5th generation). The number of Tuanpai increased from 50 in the 16th Central Committee to 86 now (about 23 per cent). The princelings also increased their numbers, but by a smaller margin.
In the Central Committee, while the Populist coalition holds more positions, the Elitists hold more seats in the Politburo. The Populist coalition controls areas such as party organisation, propaganda, united front work, law, party discipline, and provincial leadership, while the Elitist coalition controls the economic administration, foreign trade and finance, foreign affairs, education, science and technology, military affairs and public security.
The background of the new leaders is also changing. The educational background, defined by the highest degree attained by each of eight rising stars in the Politburo is economics, history, management, journalism, an MBA and three with law: none of them have their highest degree in engineering as in the past. This is a substantial change. Many come from an entrepreneurial background, including having been the CEOs of private sector companies.
What does this mean for the rest of the world, especially foreign governments and the international business community?
The bottom line is, it is prudent to have friends in both camps and one should develop strategies and policies that are attractive to both camps. Could the Red and the Blue Teams emerge as contestants in a two or multiple party system? It is possible. In ten or fifteen years, it is unlikely that the Communist Party will dominate as it does today. But a change like this will be complex and, if it is made, has to be made in a way that doesn't threaten the stability of the country.
Click here to see more China Update posts.
Download the audio of the presentation China's emerging generation of leaders: trajectory for the future by Ross Garnaut (chair) & Cheng Li.
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Post a comment
East Asia Forum welcomes comments, both for adding depth to analysis and for bringing up important new issues. Original comments adding insight and contributing to analysis are especially encouraged.
The editors retain the right to refuse and edit comments at any time.
This is a tantalising glimse into the possible future.
The alternative to two factions evolving into competing parties could be yet another purge of one of them?
What are Tuanpai?
I think Tuanpai is the name of the faction that has its leaders come through the Chinese Communist Youth League – I think it actually is the name of the CCYL.
Shiro was mostly right. The full name of the CCYL is Zhōngguó Gòngchǎnzhǔyì Qīngniántuán (中国共产主义青年团). Tuan is the last character and means faction.
The CCYL is abbreviated to Gòngqīngtuán (共青团) where Zhōngguó (China) is dropped, Gòng is the abbreviation for communist, qīng is the abbreviation for youth, and tuán = group.
Pài also forms the second half of the pair of characters that mean political party (Dang'pài), which is usually shortend to Dang.
Tuán'pài translated character at a time would be "group faction", but its universally recognised as meaning the faction of The Party who made their career through the CCYL.
As for a purge of one or the other, anything is possible, but it seems both factions are very deep and well established. Much deeper than just the standing committee at any rate, so it would have to be a very large purge I would think. I doubt we'll see an open two party system, but the main benefits of such a system (accountability, political rejuvenation, centrist tendency of policy) can be achieved in multiple ways.
This is a tantalising glimse into the possible future.
The alternative to two factions evolving into competing parties could be yet another purge of one of them?
What are Tuanpai?


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On March 9, 2010, detectives from the Berks County District Attorney's Crime Unit initiated an investigation into reported allegations of Identity Theft committed by a Wachovia Bank employee.
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"A primary object should be the education of our youth in the science of government. In a republic, what species of knowledge can be equally important? And what duty more pressing than communicating it to those who are to be the future guardians of the liberties of the country?"
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Shapeways: Bring your creativity to life in 3D http://www.shapeways.com/forum/index.php Shapeways: Bring your creativity to life in 3D 3D modeler needed for Acer Liquid Glow case http://www.shapeways.com/forum/index.php?t=rview&goto=60421&th=12467#msg_60421 <![CDATA[Hi everyone,

 I have an Acer Liquid Glow E330 smartphone and was looking for a case to protect it, but as it turns out there are none. A friend told me about the possibilities of 3D printing, but as I don't really have any experience with 3D modelling, I was hoping someone else could create one for me.

 I was thinking along the lines of your typical Iphone case, but then modelled after my smartphone. Perhaps with some cool design .

 Is there anyone who could help me? Also, I'd like to have an indication of the costs.

 Please reply to this message.

 Greetings,

 Vera
 ]]> Vera_1995 2013-01-19T14:53:18-00:00 Re: 3D modeler needed for Acer Liquid Glow case http://www.shapeways.com/forum/index.php?t=rview&goto=60422&th=12467#msg_60422 <![CDATA[PM sent]]> kasmichorius 2013-01-19T15:09:34-00:00


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The Feed
By Stephanie March
Foodie File
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~ Kimberly Herrick, ASID
Inspired by the Blessings' apprecation for the historic yet idiosyncratic nature of their home, and the diversity of their neighborhood, interior designer Kimberly Herrick designed a highly personal space that reflected the Blessings' ideas, feelings, and experiences. Using the room's original green-tiled fireplace as a springboard for her color palette, Herrick chose light colors and tone-on-tone patterns for the walls and furnishings to create interest and depth without distraction. Wishing to fulfill the homeowners' desire for a four-poster bed, but challenged by the room's long and narrow footprint, two doorways, and windows at one end, Herrick found the solution in a slender, classic four-poster bed. The designer created custom draperies and added a harmonious rhythm of color with art, antique rugs, and an eclectic collection of pillows.
The way Herrick combined old and new, historic and contemporary, and organic and geometric elements to create a harmonious, very personal space.
Kimberly Herrick
Herrick Design Group, 952-220-5958, herrickdesigngroup.com
How one young family turned a grand old house into a Showcase Home.
Come in, relax, and enjoy the spectacular view from the front porch, designed by Gabberts.
First impressions count. Walk into this stunning entrance by Codie Donahue Interior Design.
A fresh and flexible parlor is a modern update on the Victorian space.
Bonnie Birnbaum and Keri Olson strike a balance of traditional and contemporary styles in the dining room.
Angela Parker transforms the historic B&B room into an accessible, refined suite.
A sense of continuation spans three levels of rooms decorated by Becky Kohout.
Functional was the key idea for kitchen designers Sheree Vincent and Letitia Little.
Designers from Indicia elevate the hardest working spaces in the home.
Cozy and warm, the Charlene Ackley-designed living room is a welcoming retreat from the B&B.
A bright, inviting, and luxurious suite by Desi Interior Design is a treat for guests of the B&B.
Twist Interior Design takes on the library suite, creating an intriguing backdrop for intellectual pursuits.
Tailored bedding provides a custom touch to one of the B&B's suites, created by Designs By Martina and Brooke Voss Design.
A serene and sumptuous prelude to the master bedroom is the creation of Linda Gerace-Skinner.
The Blessings' bedroom gets an organic and geometric union of elements by Kimberly Herrick.
A bathroom full of whimsy and character arose from the partnership of Lori Handberg and Diane Lumpkin.
The homey effect from a sloped ceiling is extended through vintage-style decor by Mary Maney.
"Your laundry room doesn't have to be boring." Kristen Sheikh designs a fun and funky task room.
Jodi Mellin and Katie Radcliffe mix sophisticated colors, fabrics, and textures for a one-of-a-kind baby room.
The family room becomes a private retreat with intriguing angled ceilings, designed by Ethan Allen.
Earth tones and some fun fox fabric by Rob Edman and Laura Engen welcome young Weston to his room.
A sweet space for the Blessings' oldest daughter (and an amazing view), designed by Katie Lewis and Angie Picotte.
The wine cellar becomes a place for tasting and drinking thanks to Rena Feldman and Kristen Veenstra.
The master carpenters behind the scenes of the 2013 ASID Showcase Home.
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The longtime sponsor of the ASID MN Showcase Home are a perfect fit for the program.
The Junior League of St. Paul and the Cathedral Hill Montessori School are community partners of the ASID MN Showcase Home.
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Written by AZoM
Solution Heat Treatment
Age Hardening
The application of the term heat treatable to aluminium alloys, both wrought and cast, is restricted to the specific operations employed to increase strength and hardness by precipitation hardening thus the term heat treatable serves to distinguish the heat treatable alloys from those alloys in which no significant strength improvement can be achieved by heating and cooling.
The non-heat treatable alloys depend primarily on cold work to increase strength.
Annealing is applied to both grades to promote softening. Complete and partial annealing heat treatments are the only ones used for the non-heat treatable alloys. The exception is the 5000 series alloys which are sometimes given low temperature stabilisation treatment and this is carried out by the producer.
Annealing is carried out in the range 300-410°C depending on the alloy. Heating times at temperature vary from 0.5 to 3 hours, conditional on the size of the load and the alloy type. Generally, the time need not be longer than that required to stabilise the load at temperature. Rate of cooling after annealing is not critical.
Where parts have been solution heat-treated a maximum cooling rate of 20°C per hour must be maintained until the temperature is reduced to 290°C. Below this temperature, the rate of cooling is not important.
This is applicable to the heat treatable alloys and involves a heat treatment process whereby the alloying constituents are taken into solution and retained by rapid quenching. Subsequent heat treatment at tower temperatures i.e. ageing or natural ageing at room temperature allows for a controlled precipitation of the constituents thereby achieving increased hardness and strength.
Time at temperature for solution treatment depends on the type of alloy and the furnace load. Sufficient time must be allowed to take the alloys into solution if optimum properties are to be obtained.
The solution treatment temperature is critical to the success of the procedure. It is desirable that the solution heat treatment is carried out as close as possible to the liquidus temperature in order to obtain maximum solution of the constituents. Accurate furnace temperature and special temperature variation must be controlled to within a range of ±5°C for most alloys. Overheating must be avoided i.e. exceeding initial eutectic melting temperatures. Often the early stages of overheating are not apparent but will result in a deterioration of mechanical properties.
Proper solution heat treatment of the aluminium alloys requires an expert knowledge of the alloy being treated plus the correct heat treatment plant.
This is a critical operation and must be carried out to precise limits if optimum results are to be obtained. The objective of the quench is to ensure that the dissolved constituents remain in solution down to room temperature.
The speed of quenching is important and the result can be affected by excessive delay in transferring the work to the quench. The latitude for the delay is dependant on section and varies from 5 to 15 seconds for items of thickness varying from 0.4mm to 12.7mm. Generally, very rapid precipitation of constituents commences at around 450°C for most alloys and the work must not be allowed to fall below this temperature prior to quenching.
Another factor to be considered in quenching is the work load and the ability of the quenchant to extract the heat at sufficient rate to achieve the desired results.
The usual quenching medium is water at room temperature. In some circumstances slow quenching is desirable as this improves the resistance to stress corrosion cracking of certain copper-free Al-Zn-Mg alloys.
Parts of complex shapes such as forgings, castings, impact extrusions and components produced from sheet metal may be quenched at slower quenching rates to improve distortion characteristics.
Thus a compromise must be considered to achieve a balance of properties in some instances. Quenchants used in slower quenching applications include water heated to 65-80°C, boiling water, aqueous solutions of polyalkalene glycol or forced air blast.
After solution treatment and quenching, hardening is achieved either at room temperature (natural ageing) or with a precipitation heat treatment (artificial ageing). In some alloys sufficient precipitation occurs in a few days at room temperature to yield stable products with properties that are adequate for many applications. These alloys sometimes are precipitation heat treated to provide increased strength and hardness in wrought and cast alloys. Other alloys with slow precipitation reactions at room temperature are always precipitation heat treated before being used.
In some alloys, notably those of the 2xxx series, cold working of freshly quenched materials greatly increases its response to later precipitation treatment. Mills take advantage of this phenomenon by applying a controlled amount of rolling (sheet and plate) or stretching (extrusion, bar and plate) to produce higher mechanical properties. However, if the higher properties are used in design, reheat treatment must be avoided.
Where natural ageing is carried out the time may vary from around 5 days for the 2xxx series alloys to around 30 days for other alloys. The 6xxx and 7xxx series alloys are considerably less stable at room temperature and continue to exhibit changes in mechanical properties for many years. With some alloys, natural ageing may be suppressed or delayed for several days by refrigeration at -18°C or lower. It is common practice to complete forming, straightening and coining before ageing changes material properties appreciably. Conventional practice allows for refrigeration of alloys 2014 - T4 rivets to maintain good driving characteristics.
The artificial ageing or precipitation heat treatments are low temperature long time processes. Temperatures range from 115-200°C and times from 5-48 hours. As with solution treatment accurate temperature control and spatial variation temperatures are critical to the process and generally temperatures should be held to a range of ±7°C.
The change of time-temperature parameters for precipitation treatment should receive careful consideration. Larger particles or precipitates result from longer times and higher temperatures. The objective is to select the cycle that produces the optimum precipitate size and distribution pattern. Unfortunately, the cycle required to maximise one property, such as tensile strength, is usually different from that required to maximise others such as yield strength and corrosion resistance. Consequently, the cycles used represent compromises that provide the best combination of properties.
Source: Materials World, Vol. 12, No. 3, pp. 37-38, March 2004.
For more information on this source please visit The Institute of Materials, Minerals and Mining.
ex: u have a piece of 7075 t0 0.050 thick u have cold worked it to the max u coud cose it became to hard to keep at it ---- coud u heat treated it to reanealead it again --- 935f for 35 min then quench in cold water ---- then keep reworked it then finalised the heat treatment at 935f for 35 min then quench then cook at 250f fro 24 hrs then air coold == coud u also expedite the artificial aging by cooking at 350f fror 12 hrs
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