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We all love to be soothed, comforted, and relaxed. With natural grown herbs we can have that and much more.
Nature produces some of the most amazing natural remedies through the herbs and flowers that grow around our homes and gardens every day. Knowing how to use them and which one's are the best to use for particular situations is key to producing the best results.
Word of warning: As with any drug or natural herb always consult your physician before adding to your daily dosage of supplements. Remember to always read your warning labels.
Rosemary from the garden
Rosemary – You'll find this herb at most every garden gate and in almost every kitchen. It is a beautiful and fragrant perennial herb with dark green leaves and purple flowers. Rosemary if infused in a cup of water can assist with vertigo, dizziness, colds and flu, aides in liver disease and is most known for it's aromatherapy properties and delicious taste. It has healing properties as a natural antibiotic and has analgesic properties for assistance with backache's if used with and essential oil and massaged into the skin.
Soothing Chamomile Tea
Chamomile – Calming and soothing, this herb is the best for getting a tranquil nights sleep if enjoyed as a bedtime tea. It is recommended to improve overall good health and is considered to be one of the safest and most effective herbs you can use. Chamomile has been used to help with restful sleep, Migraines, depression, and used in the bath will improve the look and feel of your skin.
Romantic Jasmine
Jasmine – Vibrant and sensual, this flower from the Orient ignites feelings of passion, hidden desires, and sexual energy. It is soothing and lifts the spirit. Jasmine is known for calming and soothing agitation, encourages confidence, and for centuries has been used by midwives to aide in contractions and bringing on an easier childbirth. It is used in massage therapy and helps to soothe the nerves.
Healing Lavender
Lavender – Relaxing to our nasal cavity and our brain, Lavender is another favorite. Extracted from the actual flower lavender oil is wonderful as an antiseptic and for the cleaning of scrapes or cuts. Lavender is an herb richly used in tinctures, essential oils, and as a soothing holistic aromatherapy aide. Lavender used in a sleep pillow will encourage relaxing and restful sleep while promoting healthy dreams, healthy REM sleep and brain activity.


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LOS ANGELES (LALATE) – A Los Angeles earthquake today 2014 stuck Southern California and the San Fernando Valley, the day of the Oscars. The Los Angeles earthquake today March 2, 2014 erupted in the afternoon hours Sunday. No reports of injuries have been indicated by local news.
USGS tells news that a 2.8 magnitude Los Angeles earthquake today hit today just after 2:16 pm PST. The quake was shallow. USGS indicates to news that the quake started only four miles below ground level. As a result the quake could be felt across the immediate area, which was generally the San Fernando Valley.
Reps tell news that the quake was six miles west of San Fernando. The quake was six miles south of Santa Clarita and nine miles northeast of West Hills. The quake was eleven miles from Calabasas as well.
Most quakes to hit Los Angeles in the last few months have been further east or further west. Many of the quakes have been centered along the coast, south toward Corona, or east towards Palm Springs. For example, one quake was five miles north of Bloomington and five miles west of Muscoy. It hit north of Perris and south of Adelanto. It started east of Los Angeles, west of Yucca Valley and west of Palm Springs.

subset: commoncrawl


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Valentine's Day Dinner at Provecho Grill
This Valentine's Day make plans to spend a romantic evening at Menifee's Provecho Grill. Alread...
This Valentine's Day make plans to spend a romantic evening at Menifee's Provecho Grill. Already known for their authentically delicious fare, in honor of such a lovely holiday they will dress up the restaurant with romantic music and candle lit tables.
The night will feature a three-course prix fix menu for $35 per person, including a champagne or sparkling cider toast. The Barefoot Duo will be performing live throughout the evening to serenade you and your loved one. Candles will dimly light each table for an extra dose of ambiance along with an all around romantic effort.
Reservations are recommended. For Thursday, Feb. 14 Provecho will stay open a little later than usual, until 9 p.m.
Provecho Grill
26862 Cherry Hills Blvd.
Menifee, CA 92586
(951) 246-3200
Monday – Thursday, 10 a.m. to 8 p.m. (10 a.m. – 9 p.m. Thursday, Feb. 14)
Friday, 10 a.m. to 9 p.m.
Saturday, 8 a.m. to 9 p.m.
Sunday, 8 a.m. to 8 p.m.
Website: Provecho Grill
Like them on Facebook!
Follow them on Twitter!


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Under The Christmas Tree: Indian Ocean
We got some of our favourite Indian artists to give us unreleased tracks that we could give away to our readers as free downloads for Christmas. It's the season of giving, and this is what's Under The Christmas Tree.
Indian Ocean give us a special live version of 'Leaving Home'.
Amit Kilam, drummer of Indian Ocean, tells us about the song
There's not too much to say about the song. Matlab, kya bolun main. It's a good song; it's a happy mix of instrumentals and vocals. It's definitely one of my favourites, from all our songs. It's also special because our film was based on this song. Haan, bas yeh hi hai.
Download the live version of 'Leaving Home' here.


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Skydiving.com now has a network skydiving location serving Tidioute and Warren County in Pennsylvania. Call Skydiving.com at 1-800-617-7948 for details, free information and specials on skydiving in Tidioute, PA today!
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Sign up for our newsletter and receive updatesand specials on skydiving across America!


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Marc Jacobs' newly opened São Paulo store is the first of its kind in Latin America. Developed in collaboration with NK Store's Nathalie Klein, who has sold the line at her luxurious multi-brand outlet for eight years, this brick-and-mortar outpost brings a sought-after brand to Brazil's fashion-conscious trendsetters.
Designed by Stephan Jaklitsch, the store follows the same formula as the location in Russia, which sells both Marc Jacobs and Marc by Marc Jacobs under the same roof, but maintains the two lines' distinct aesthetics by separating them on different floors. The shop is located in Tiffany's former outpost and has an internal entrance to NK Store, which sells labels such as Lanvin, Givenchy and Stella McCartney in addition to their own house line.
NK Store marketing director, Tiago Rego, confirms that both Marc Jacobs lines will be sold in São Paulo with no season delay. What's more, the designer himself is coming in March to check out his store and give Brazilians a party that's already earning buzz.
Shop address: Rua Haddock Lobo, 1.594, Jardins, São Paulo
—Flávia Mendonça


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Member of the reality-based community of progressive (not anonymous) Massachusetts blogs
Due to, well, the proclivities of winter, Winterfest has officially been postponed two weeks by the City of Lowell.
Pending Storm and Crowd Safety Force the City of Lowell and WinterFest Committee to Delay the Annual Celebration Until February 22 & 23
This year's WinterFest is in brief HIBERNATION! Earlier today, February 6th, the WinterFest Committee made the difficult decision to postpone the 13th Annual Lowell WinterFest event due to an extreme winter weather advisory that calls for well over a foot of snow to fall in the immediate area over the next several days.
The WinterFest Committee is currently hard at work on logistics for this change in schedule, and encourages the public to visit Lowell.org and LowellWinterFest.org for program updates as they happen. As of today, all the major components of the event — the Microbrew Competition, the Soup Bowl Competition, Club Celsius Live Music Tent, and the National Human Dogsled Competition — are still taking place as planned.
For now, we hope you will save the NEW dates for the 13th Annual WinterFest and please plan on joining us in Lowell in TWO weeks!
The 13th Annual Lowell WinterFest
New Dates! Friday, February 22 & Saturday, February 23
Visit LowellWinterFest.org for event updates!
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A mysterious creature has been blamed for a recent serious of violent attacks. The fictional character known as Slenderman is haunting the minds of children and causing them to inflict harm onto others, the Daily Mail reported today.
Today marks the 5-year anniversary of Slenderman. Slenderman is a fictional character that was created by Eric Knudsen on June 8, 2009. Knudsen also known as Victor Surge created the internet meme and introduced it in a thread on the Something Awful forum.
Slenderman is depicted as an unusually tall and thin man with a blank and featureless face. He wears a black suit and fictional stories of the being consist of him stalking and kidnapping children.
On May 31, two 12-year-old girls in Wisconsin were charged with attempted murder of another 12-year-old girl when they attempted to kill her and sacrifice her to the fictitious online demon.
According to police reports, Anissa Weier and Morgan Geyster told authorities that they invited their friend over for an overnight sleepover. The two preteens originally planned to put duct tape on the girl's mouth and stab her to death so that they could hide her body so it made it look like the girl ran away to the Slenderman's house.
Geyster and Weier ended up not sticking to their plan, but instead took their victim to a park restroom building where they stabbed her 19 times and left the girl for dead. Luckily the girl crawled to a nearby road where a bicyclist found her. She was taken to a local hospital and treated for her wounds and released a few days later. Gestyer and Weire were both charged as adults for attempted murder and are looking at 65 years in prison for the crime.
Last night a 13-year-old girl in Ohio obsessed with Slenderman stabbed her mother. The teen waited in the kitchen for her mother to come home from work and when she arrived, the girl attacked and stabbed her mom multiple times. The woman sustained minor injuries from the attack.
"I came home one night from work and she was in the kitchen waiting for me and she was wearing a white mask. She had her hood up and had her hands covered with her sleeves and the mask," the woman said to local news station WLWT in an interview.
The woman told authorities that her daughter has ongoing mental issues and is obsessed with the Slenderman creature. She said that her daughter constantly talks about being possessed by demons and that she is falling into darkness.


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Jun 17, 2009 12:23 PM
We took one look at the Eamesian Solid Orange Circles Table by michaelarras, ($670) and instantly started humming "Witchcraft" and jonesing for a dry martini with Dean, Frank, and the boys at the Starlight Lounge. Cut into the shapes of river pebbles, it evokes a mid-century modern feel that wouldn't be amiss amongst womb chairs and some nice harvest gold appliances.
If you've got a product or service that you'd like to promote on Outblush, click here to find out about our advertising opportunities.
Outblush is a blog for girls who love to shop. Our staff digs up the best clothes, home stuff, beauty items, and more. New items are posted every day — bookmark us and check out:


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Memorializing Colonial Power: The Death of Frank Paul
Version of Record online: 22 MAR 2012
DOI: 10.1111/j.1747-4469.2012.01291.x
© 2012 American Bar Foundation
Law & Social Inquiry
Volume 37, Issue 4, pages 908–932, Fall 2012
Additional Information
How to Cite
Razack, S. H. (2012), Memorializing Colonial Power: The Death of Frank Paul. Law & Social Inquiry, 37: 908–932. doi: 10.1111/j.1747-4469.2012.01291.x
Publication History
- Issue online: 14 OCT 2012
- Version of Record online: 22 MAR 2012
- Abstract
- Article
- References
- Cited By
Through an analysis of an inquiry into the death of an Aboriginal man in custody, I argue that the contemporary colonial relationship between white settlers and those whom they have dispossessed is spatially and racially organized as one between modern subjects and those who must be assisted into modernity. Law, in the form of an inquiry, serves to confirm these arrangements. In Part One, Redemption, I begin with the inquiry's conclusion that Frank Paul was intrinsically vulnerable. In Part Two, Memorializing, I unravel Frank Paul's story, showing the imprinting of colonial power on his body. In Part Three, Cleansing, I show that the Aboriginal body must be repeatedly evicted from the civilized spaces of the settler. In Part Four, Abandonment, when the cleansing ritual proves lethal, death is declared comprehensible, given the body's incompatibility with modern life. In Part Five, Death Worlds, I suggest that the Downtown East Side of Vancouver, Canada where Frank Paul lived is maintained as a death world where humans are reduced to the status of the living dead. Throughout, I argue that Frank Paul must be understood and remembered as an Aboriginal man whose body bore the imprint of an ongoing colonialism.


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San Francisco Ballet Auxiliary and Neiman Marcus Union Square team up to highlight Spring 2014 Designer Collections--curated by Neiman Marcus Fashion Director Ken Downing for a not-to-be-missed fashion event this Thursday, 3 April.
Ask any in-the-know attendee or fashion doyenne at designer runway shows from New York to London, Milan and Paris about Ken Downing…and the response is …"ah, he's fabulous!"
Downing, Neiman Marcus Senior Vice President and Fashion Director, is the "Guru of Gurus" of designer fashion, and the entire industry recognizes his prowess.
And on Thursday, 3 April, San Francisco audiences will get a rare opportunity to spend time with this ultimate fashion insider and prognosticator at the 33rd San Francisco Ballet Auxiliary Fashion Show, at the Fairmont Hotel.
With Mrs. Robert Wood as 2014 Fashion Show Chair, with Mrs. John E. Fetzer as Luncheon Chair, the San Francisco Ballet event features a cocktail reception at 11a, followed by a full Runway Show and Luncheon, with a live auction and raffle.
But the bonus benefit of attending the show is to glean trends and haute hot looks from Ken Downing—to garner his insider insights and comments about the "best of the best," delivered in a lively, convivial way.
Handsome, personable, charming, Ken Downing is so knowledgeable that he is consulted by designers and industry leaders alike for his thoughts on what makes a winning look.
He has worked on partnerships and events with the fashion media elite, including Anna Wintour of Vogue, Glenda Bailey of Harper's Bazaar, Hal Rubenstein of InStyle, Stellene Volandes of Town & Country Magazine, Joanna Coles of Cosmopolitan, and Stefano Tonchi and Karla Martinez of W Magazine.
His ability to quickly and succinctly articulate fashion trends and styles has landed him on televised media appearances including: "Oprah", "E! Entertainment", "The Rachel Zoe Project", "Joe Zee's All on the Line" and "Project Runway All Stars" where he selected the series winner along with Georgina Chapman and Isaac Mizrahi.
Downing is often consulted by national and international publications including: International Herald Tribune, The New York Times and The Wall Street Journal.
See an upload of Ken Downing speaking about Fall 2014 on Lives of Style broadcast TV at /www.youtube.com/watch?v=Pu5ypONbzto
In his role at Neiman Marcus, as Senior Vice President, Fashion Director. Ken Downing travels the globe to bring luxury and style to the Neiman Marcus customer. He interprets, articulates and sets the fashion direction for the Neiman Marcus brand as well as serves as their international fashion ambassador. And he is a constant fixture at New York, London, Milan and Paris Fashion Weeks where annually, he hosts more than 20 customer events within the 41 Neiman Marcus stores, often alongside esteemed designers such as Stella McCartney, Derek Lam, Zac Posen, Donna Karan, Olivier Theyskens, Tory Burch, Mary Kate and Ashley Olsen, David Yurman, and Rachel Zoe.
When a famous West Coast fashionistas said, "When I want to see someone in the fashion world, I always choose the best," she was referring to Ken Downing.
San Francisco Ballet Auxiliary—as a world-class organization, could not partner with anyone better, for their 33rd Ballet Auxiliary Show, which benefits the Ballet's Annual Benefit Fund.
For tickets, contact San Francisco Ballet http://www.sfballet.org/events/fashion_show or:http://www.sfballet.org/events/fashion_show#sthash.Hlm7rIBF.dpuf


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With an extensive line card available and as a stock holding distributor with over 144,000 items stocked in our quality-controlled warehouse, we are sure we'll be able to assist you with your component needs. Lantek Corporation also has many global resources available which allows us to exhaust many avenues to get you the answers to your component requirements quickly.
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"The contact person at Lantek Corporation was polite and efficient. Lantek is speedy with inquiries and speedy with following up on quotes"


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Updated: 11/22/2013 5:47 PM
Created: 11/22/2013 10:40 AM WNYT.com
By: Jessica Riley
HALFMOON- The embattled town supervisor of Halfmoon has resigned. The town clerk received a letter of resignation Friday from Mindy Wormuth.
Wormuth states that she is on medical leave that runs through Dec. 20.
With her term ending on Dec. 31, Wormuth says she will not be able to resume and fulfill the responsibilities as town supervisor in a meaningful way.
Her resignation is effective on Saturday.
Wormuth is facing federal bribery charges as well as grand larceny charges in Waterford Court. She's accused of accepting a $7,500 bribe in exchange for public support of mixed martial arts. She also allegedly stole $6,000 from her campaign fund.
In a statement released by the Halfmoon Town Board, member Craig Hayner says the board is "looking forward to finally closing this chapter and starting a new one."
The board also notes that its been functioning without Wormuth for some time and is committed to serving residents without further distraction.
M Wormuth Resignation by WNYT13


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Jul 2, 2010 11:24 AM
A good canvas tote is a must-have for summer. This Tory Burch Small Jaden Canvas Tote ($195) is irresistible with its super saturated orange (though it's also available in equally vibrant turquoise and purple) and the simplicity of the design. The leather accents class up the simple canvas without over-styling this basic bag. Feet protect the bottom of this bag and open and zippered interior pockets help keep all of our junk organized. You'd better believe this bag will get a lot of use in the next few months!
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Soon, Ing S.*; Butzner, J. Decker†; Kaplan, Gilaad G.*; deBruyn, Jennifer C.C.†
*Department of Community Health Sciences
†Department of Pediatrics, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada.
Address correspondence and reprint requests to Jennifer deBruyn, MSc, MD, Department of Pediatrics, Division of Pediatric Gastroenterology, University of Calgary, Alberta Children's Hospital, 2888 Shaganappi Trail NW, Calgary, AB, Canada T3B 6A8 (e-mail: firstname.lastname@example.com).
Received 30 August, 2012
Accepted 13 March, 2013
J.C.C.D. has participated on advisory boards and received research and travel support from Janssen Inc. The other authors report no conflicts of interest.
Objectives: The aim of the present study was to conduct a systematic review with meta-analysis on the epidemiology of eosinophilic esophagitis (EoE) in children.
Methods: Studies investigating incidence and prevalence of EoE in children (≤18 years) were identified in a systematic review of MEDLINE (1950–2011) and Embase (1980–2011). Meta-analyses were performed for incidence and subgroups with ≥5 studies: esophagogastroduodenoscopy (EGD) for any indication, histologic esophageal disease, and celiac disease, and EGD for abdominal pain. We used a random effects model, Q statistic to assess heterogeneity, and joinpoint analysis to assess time trends.
Results: We included 25 studies. The incidence of EoE varied from 0.7 to 10/100,000 per person-year and the prevalence ranged from 0.2 to 43/100,000. The incidence and prevalence increased over time. Prevalence was highest in children with food impaction or dysphagia (63%–88%). The pooled prevalence was 3.7% (95% confidence interval [CI] 2.4–5.1) in EGD for any indication, 24% (95% CI 19–28) in histologic esophageal disease, 2.3% (95% CI 1.0–3.6) in celiac disease, and 2.6% (95% CI 1.2–4.1) in EGD for abdominal pain.
Conclusions: During the last 2 decades, the incidence and prevalence of EoE in children have increased significantly; however, the population-based incidence and prevalence of EoE vary widely across geographic variations, potentially because of variations in case of ascertainment between centers. Because EoE is common among children with food impaction and dysphagia, children with this presenting complaint should be rapidly identified at triage for timely endoscopic assessment.
Eosinophilic esophagitis (EoE) was first described in a child in 1983 (1). During the last 15 years, EoE has become recognized as an important clinicopathologic entity by primary care providers, gastroenterologists, and allergists. The number of publications that focused on EoE have markedly increased from 2 in 1993 to >110 in 2011. In 2007, the first consensus guidelines on the diagnosis and treatment of EoE were published and then updated in 2011 (2,3). The present guidelines define EoE as an esophageal disease characterized by clinical symptoms caused by esophageal dysfunction and histologic evidence of eosinophil-predominant inflammation (≥15 eosinophils per high-power field [hpf]) upon exclusion of other causes of esophageal eosinophilia (3).
Mounting data from animals and humans support the pathogenesis of EoE as a chronic antigen-driven immune response occurring in a genetically susceptible individual (3). The clinical manifestations of EoE in children vary by age. They may include feeding difficulties, failure to thrive, gastroesophageal reflux, nausea, vomiting, chest or epigastric pain, food impaction, and dysphagia (4–6). Atopy is frequent, with up to 60% of children with EoE having a concurrent atopic disease such as allergic rhinitis, asthma, eczema, and IgE-mediated food allergies (6–8). EoE occurs with greater frequency in non-Hispanic white males in childhood and early adulthood; however, EoE has been reported at any age, in both sexes, and in most racial and ethnic groups (3,9). The management of EoE is centered primarily on medical (corticosteroid) or dietary therapy (3). EoE poses a large burden to the health care system because of the chronic nature of the disease; requirement of endoscopy for diagnosis, monitoring of disease activity, and management of complications; and involvement of multidisciplinary services including dieticians and allergists.
Despite the growing interest and publications on EoE, few studies have evaluated the population-based incidence and prevalence of EoE. A recent systematic review of the epidemiology of EoE in adults found that the prevalence of EoE varied widely based on the study population, with estimates highest in patients with acute food bolus obstruction (48%) (10) and lowest in population-based studies (0.23/1000) (11,12). In children, the incidence and prevalence of EoE have not yet been systematically reviewed. The objectives of our study were to conduct a systematic review and meta-analysis on the incidence and prevalence of EoE in children and to evaluate the variation in incidence and prevalence across different geographic regions, time periods, and disease states. Improved knowledge of the incidence and prevalence of EoE enhances our understanding of the burden of disease.
We conducted a systematic literature search using a predetermined protocol in accordance with the quality of reporting meta-analyses of observational studies in epidemiology (13). We searched 2 computer-stored databases, MEDLINE (1950–May 2011) and Embase (Excerpta Medica Database; 1980–May 2011), for studies describing the epidemiology of EoE in children. The search strategy for MEDLINE and Embase was based on 2 themes. The first theme combined the exploded version of medical subject headings "eosinophilic esophagitis" or "esophagitis." The second theme combined the exploded version of medical subject headings terms "incidence" or "prevalence" or "demography" or "epidemiology." All key words were used to search titles and abstracts. The 2 themes were then combined using the Boolean operator "AND." The search was not limited by language or human subjects to ensure the capture of all appropriate studies. The reference lists of relevant articles were also reviewed and appropriate studies were included.
Two reviewers (J.D. and I.S.) conducted an initial search of identified abstracts and titles independently. Abstracts were eliminated if they were not EoE-related, nonhuman, or did not report original data (eg, review articles). The remaining abstracts were eligible for further review. We included articles or abstracts that described their study design, defined a source population, and reported an incidence rate and/or prevalence of EoE or provided adequate information to calculate these estimates. Studies describing the incidence or prevalence of EoE only in adults (ie, age at diagnosis >18 years) were excluded as a recent systematic review on the epidemiology of EoE in adults was published (12). Disagreement between reviewers was resolved by consensus with a third-party expert (G.K.).
Patient characteristics at diagnosis including age, sex, ethnicity, and personal and family history of atopy were documented. Secondary variables extracted included study design (ie, retrospective or prospective); country of origin; publication year; time of study; source of subjects; and information on key indicators of study quality, using meta-analyses of observational studies in epidemiology (13). Two reviewers independently completed data extraction forms for each study. Prevalence and incidence rates with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for the overall study period were collected. Incidence rates and prevalence for the different time periods were documented. The prevalent studies were categorized by population-based studies (8,14,15), all of the children undergoing an esophagogastroduodenoscopy (EGD) for any indication (7,15–18), children with histologic esophageal disease detected on EGD (7,14,17–20), and specific subgroups including children with celiac disease (21–25), children post–liver transplantation (26,27), children with ulcerative colitis (UC) (28), children with abdominal pain (29–31), and children who underwent EGD for esophageal food impaction or dysphagia (32,33).
The incidence of EoE in children was summarized using incidence rates, defined as the number of cases per 100,000 children per year. When incidence rates were adjusted for confounding factors, these estimates were reported. Prevalence of EoE in children was defined as the number of prevalent cases in a defined region per 100,000 children.
In studies that reported at least 4 time points, we conducted time–trend analyses using joinpoint regression analysis whereby a series of permutations were used to assess whether the addition of joinpoints resulted in statistically significant linear changes in the direction of magnitude of the rates in comparison with the linear line (34). Two joinpoints at most were considered. The parameter estimate used to summarize the trend during the fixed interval was the average annual percentage change according to a generalized log-linear model that assumed a Poisson distribution.
A meta-analysis of incidence and prevalence of EoE of all of the studies was not conducted because of the diversity in population subgroups and limited number of studies. We limited our meta-analyses to subgroups with ≥5 studies that reported the prevalence of EoE. These subgroups for children who had an esophageal biopsy included all children undergoing an EGD for any indication (7,15–18) and children with histologic esophageal disease detected on EGD (7,14,17–20). A sensitivity analysis was performed in subgroups with ≥5 full-text studies to minimize heterogeneity. Only studies that reported diagnostic criteria of EoE were included in any meta-analysis; studies that did not report EoE diagnostic criteria were still described in the systematic review but not included in any meta-analysis. Heterogeneity was assessed with the Q statistic (5% level). Random effects models were used because of heterogeneity between studies. The possibility of publication bias was assessed using the Begg tests.
The search strategy retrieved 384 unique citations: 157 from MEDLINE and 365 from Embase. Of these, 304 citations were excluded after the first screening based on titles and abstracts, leaving 80 articles for possible inclusion (Fig. 1). For the first review of titles and abstracts, the observed agreement between reviewers was 96%, corresponding to a κ statistic of 0.87. The second review of 80 full-text articles and abstracts excluded 56 studies (reasons listed in Fig. 1), leaving 24 studies. One additional study was found from reference review of relevant articles. Hence, a total of 25 studies (16 full-text studies and 9 abstracts from conference proceedings) were included in the systematic review. The first study appeared in 2003 (33). The agreement between reviewers for eligibility of articles was 100%, corresponding to a κ of 1. Characteristics of the 25 included studies are shown in Table 1.
The annual incidence rates varied by geographic region, with an incidence rate of 1.6 in Denmark (35), 8.0 in United Kingdom (16), and ranging from 0.7 to 10/100,000 children in the United States (8,19,36,37). Heterogeneity across studies was observed (Q statistic 165; P < 0.001). Two studies reported temporal trends of incidence rates, with both demonstrating a significant increase during the study period (Fig. 2) (8,19). The average annual percentage increase in incidence of EoE was 17% (95% CI 9.7–25) in a retrospective study that reexamined esophageal biopsy specimens obtained between 1983 and 1992 (19). Similarly, an average annual percentage increase in incidence of EoE of 12% (95% CI 0–25) was shown in a retrospective population-based cohort study identifying cases of EoE from a pathology database between 2000 and 2003 (Table 1) (8).
The population-based prevalence also varied by geographic region, with most present reported rates ranging between 0.2 in United Kingdom (15), 8.9 in Australia (14) and 43/100,000 children in the United States (8). Two studies reported temporal trends of prevalence of EoE (Fig. 3). One study demonstrated a significant increase in prevalence between 2000 and 2003, with an average annual percentage increase of 56% (95% CI 25–96) (8).
For children who underwent an EGD for any indication, the prevalence of EoE ranged from 2.3% to 6.8%, with a pooled prevalence of 3.7% (95% CI 2.4–5.1; Fig. 4) (5,7,15–18). There was significant heterogeneity across studies (Q statistic 33; P < 0.001). The prevalence rates of EoE among EGDs with histological esophageal disease ranged from 18% to 32%, with a pooled prevalence of 24% (95% CI 19–28; Fig. 5) (5,7,14,17–20). Heterogeneity across studies was observed (Q statistic 31; P < 0.001). A sensitivity analysis including only full-text studies resulted in a similar pooled prevalence of 24% (95% CI 18–29). The prevalence of EoE among children with EGD done for esophageal food impaction was 63% (32), and among children with dysphagia and/or food impaction, the prevalence of EoE was 88% (33).
Among children who underwent EGD for abdominal pain, the prevalence of EoE ranged from 2.1% to 4.9% (29–31), whereas the prevalence of EoE among children with celiac disease ranged from 1.1% to 5.1% (21–25). The prevalence of EoE among children post–liver transplantation were 2.4% and 3.0% (26,27). The only study evaluating the prevalence of EoE among children with UC reported a prevalence of 8.0% (28).
All population-based studies reported a male predominance (range 54%–83%) (8,14,16,19,35–37). The mean/median ages at diagnosis ranged from 6.0 to 10.5 years for population-based studies (8,16). In contrast, the mean age at diagnosis from a single study evaluating the prevalence of EoE among children with esophageal food impaction was 10.1 years (33). Personal history of atopy was found in 14% to 100% (8,16,20,25–27,32,33,35–37) and family history of atopy was present in 7% to 38% of children (8,20,32,35). No publication bias was observed among all subgroups using the Begg test: P = 0.19 (EGD for any indication) and P = 0.88 (EGD with histologic esophageal disease).
We present the first systematic review and meta-analysis of the incidence and prevalence of EoE in children. The population-based incidence rates of EoE in children varied by geographic region, ranging from 1.6 in Denmark (35) to 10 per 100,000 children per year in the United States (8). Likewise, the population-based prevalence varied by geographic region, with the most present reported rates ranging between 0.2 in United Kingdom (15), 8.9 in Australia (14) and 43 per 100,000 children in the United States (8). Similar to our findings, a recent systematic review of the epidemiology of EoE in adults demonstrated a wide variation in population-based prevalence ranging from 20 to 700/100,000 with a pooled prevalence of 30/100,000 individuals (11,12,38). In our systematic review, given that both studies in Australia and the United States were conducted in sole referral centers for the region from which the denominator population was determined, referral bias is less likely to contribute to variations in population-based prevalence; however, the variations may be because of differing distributions of ethnicity, sex, age groups, diagnostic criteria for EoE, and threshold to perform endoscopy and biopsy between study centers. In particular, because EoE is diagnosed endoscopically, detection of disease is largely driven by accessibility to endoscopy services, which may vary widely between regions depending on the presence and number of pediatric gastroenterologists along with wait times to assessment by gastroenterologists and to endoscopy. In addition, detection of EoE is affected by physician awareness and/or willingness to perform an EGD in a patient who presents with symptoms suggestive of EoE and whether a physician routinely obtains esophageal biopsies at the time of EGD regardless of macroscopic appearance of the esophagus.
During the last few decades, both incidence and prevalence increased significantly, with average annual percentage increases of 12% to 17% and 56%, respectively (8,19). The increased incidence of EoE over time in children may be because of a genuine increase in incidence, greater recognition of EoE, or higher use of diagnostic EGDs in children, with the wide variety of symptoms suggestive of EoE. In the study by DeBrosse et al (19), the authors reexamined esophageal biopsy specimens obtained between 1982 and 1999 and found that the proportion of biopsy specimens with ≥15 eosinophils/hpf remained stable in spite of a 40-fold increase in the number of biopsy specimens collected, suggesting that the rise in incidence of EoE is because of enhanced disease recognition rather than higher detection from increased EGD use.
Although EoE accounts for only a minority of children who underwent EGD for any indication (pooled prevalence 3.7%) (7,15–18), the prevalence of EoE among EGDs performed in children with esophageal food impaction and/or dysphagia was high (63%–88%) (32,33). Similarly, the prevalence of EoE in unselected adults undergoing an EGD ranged from 1.0% to 6.5% (39,40). In comparison to children, adults with food bolus impaction or dysphagia had lower prevalence of EoE (12%–48%) (10,41,42). The lower prevalence of EoE in adults with food bolus impaction or dysphagia compared with children may be accounted for by the wider differential diagnosis for food bolus impaction or dysphagia in adults such as esophageal malignancy, peptic stricture, and connective tissue disorders. Because the highest diagnostic yield of endoscopy for EoE occurred among children with dysphagia or food impaction, children with such presenting complaints should be identified at triage and undergo rapid and timely evaluation with EGD to facilitate the diagnosis of EoE. Limited studies have investigated the prevalence of EoE among specific immune-mediated conditions. The pooled prevalence of EoE was 2.3% for children with celiac disease (21–25). Detection bias from frequent biopsy sampling is unlikely to fully explain the elevated prevalence of EoE in celiac disease. A gluten-free diet in patients with celiac disease reduced esophageal eosinophilia in some studies (43,44), whereas others demonstrated persistent esophageal eosinophilia (24,25). Although EoE is thought to be a TH2-mediated atopic disease and celiac disease is a TH1-mediated autoimmune disease, an association between these 2 diseases may be biologically plausible because recent studies suggest the coexistence of TH1- and TH2-mediated diseases is the result of generalized immune dysregulation (22,43,44).
The prevalence of EoE ranged from 2.4% to 3.0% for children post–liver transplantation (26,27). In liver transplant recipients, de novo development of food allergy and gastrointestinal eosinophilic inflammation may be attributed to the potential effect of tacrolimus suppression of TH1 response and promotion of TH2 signal pathways (26,45–47). The prevalence of EoE was 8% among children with UC (28). Like EoE, UC is thought to be TH2 mediated (48).
In our systematic review, EoE primarily was more commonly diagnosed among male children of white ethnicity who had a personal and/or family history of atopy. The male predominance was also seen in adults (12). The median age at diagnosis reported in the studies ranged from 5.4 to 9.6 years. The presenting symptoms of EoE vary by age. Younger children are more likely to present with a wider variety of symptoms compared with older children, who often present with dysphagia or food bolus impaction (6). The predominant symptom of EoE in young adults is dysphagia, similar to that of older children (12). Therefore, the index of suspicion for EoE and rapidity of evaluation with EGD should be guided by the clinical presentation.
In the meta-analyses performed for population-based incidence, children who underwent EGD, and children with histologic esophageal disease, significant heterogeneity was found. Heterogeneity may be explained by differences in geographic region, study period, and intrinsic biases associated with observational studies. Given the small number of studies, stratified or sensitivity analyses were not possible to explore reasons for heterogeneity. To account for heterogeneity, a random effects model was used in all of the meta-analyses. Using the Begg test, we did not find any evidence of publication bias in these subgroups.
The limitations of our systematic review should be considered. First, the quality of the studies was not always optimal. An ideal quality study would be a prospective population-based study with well-described methods of case ascertainment and diagnostic criteria. For optimal accuracy of estimates, this ideal study would take place in a region with a well-defined source population, readily available endoscopy services, and appropriate physician awareness and willingness to conduct EGD and collect esophageal biopsies in patients presenting with symptoms suggestive of EoE. Our systematic review yielded variable methods of case ascertainment and minimal prospective studies. We limited the meta-analyses to subgroups containing ≥5 studies, and studies in which the diagnostic criteria were not reported were excluded from the meta-analyses. Quality characteristics of each study (study design, source of population, and diagnostic criteria for EoE) are shown in Table 1. Second, in the studies identified through the systematic review, the case definition of EoE focused primarily on histologic findings, whereas the present definition of EoE encompasses both clinical and histologic manifestations. Also, the histologic criteria of EoE varied between studies, ranging from 15 to 24 eosinophils/hpf. Acknowledging that the 2011 consensus guidelines recommend a minimum threshold of 15 eosinophils/hpf for the diagnosis of EoE, the incidence and prevalence of EoE in previous studies were likely underestimated (2,3). Third, our search strategy revealed only a small number of studies, all from developed countries. Thus, we cannot comment on the incidence and prevalence of EoE in developing countries. Despite these limitations, we used a comprehensive search strategy and included studies published in all languages and in both abstract and full-article format. Therefore, this review provides a comprehensive summary of the present literature on the epidemiology of EoE in children.
EoE is a chronic disease that has major implications for the consequential burden of disease. Children with EoE will use health care resources in procedures such as EGD, hospital admissions, and clinic visits for diagnosis, monitoring response to therapy, and management of complications (3). In addition, children with EoE often require multidisciplinary services including gastroenterologist, allergist, and dietician.
In conclusion, the incidence rates and prevalence of EoE in children vary by geographic regions in developed countries, with significant increases in these rates with time. Although the prevalence of EoE is low among children who undergo EGD or children with abdominal pain, the prevalence of EoE is high among children who present with food impaction or dysphagia. In younger children with chronic unexplained upper gastrointestinal symptoms unresponsive to present management strategies, the diagnosis of EoE should be considered. To improve our understanding of the worldwide epidemiology of EoE in children, future studies using recently accepted diagnostic criteria for EoE in defined geographic regions should be conducted, especially in developing countries.
This article has been cited 1 time(s).
eosinophilic esophagitis; epidemiology; pediatrics
© 2013 by European Society for Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition and North American Society for Pediatric Gastroenterology,
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Skydiving.com now has a network skydiving location serving Dryden and Lapeer County in Michigan. Call Skydiving.com at 1-800-617-7948 for details, free information and specials on skydiving in Dryden, MI today!
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So long Flickr and thanks for all the fish!Mar 10
A corporate group-think can lead to some pretty silly decisions. This time it appears that struggling Internet player, Yahoo, has got it all wrong. Read More →
A corporate group-think can lead to some pretty silly decisions. This time it appears that struggling Internet player, Yahoo, has got it all wrong. Read More →
Yahoo has entered the communication app space with Yahoo Livetext, a free one-to-one live video texting app for iPhone and Android. Read More →
"This is just the beginning in an exciting journey to make Yahoo TV the go-to destination for great TV shows and exclusive content." Read More →
Featured While the new option may make it easier for users to login, it potentially makes it much easier for hackers to break into Yahoo accounts. Read More →
The new Gmail app will work not only with Gmail addresses, but also with Outlook, Yahoo and any IMAP- or Exchange-based email accounts. Read More →
Snapchat, MessageMe, and Blink investments signal Yahoo's commitment to messaging Read More →
Featured The news that Commnity is headed to Yahoo for a sixth season has delighted fans (and me) of the now un-cancelled series. Read More →
Featured "We've been contacting affected Xtra users by phone, SMS, email and post, and while we're pleased to see a number of customers have chosen to make the change themselves, there is still a way to go." Read More →
Fresh from updating users on new Yahoo Xtra email security measures, Telco offers Kiwis advice on how to combat any further breaches. Read More →
Featured Telco contacts select Xtra email users, as together with service provider Yahoo it applies the latest in a programme of security enhancements to the Xtra email platform. Read More →
Featured Yahoo has warned that its email service is under a new wave of security attacks, urging users to display extreme caution when checking messages. Read More →
"I made the difficult decision that our COO, Henrique de Castro, should leave the company. I appreciate Henrique's contributions and wish him the best in his future endeavours." Read More →
Featured Telecom Retail CEO Chris Quin is today warning Yahoo Xtra customers about a spam email circulating around some Yahoo Xtra email accounts. Read More →
Featured We're only two weeks into the New Year but there is another issue with Yahoo. leaving many wondering will Telecom bring its Xtra email service back in house? Read More →
Featured In the balance between freedom and responsibility have we have neglected our responsibility to children? Read More →
Featured "I understand that I will be made to suffer for my actions," says US whisteblower Edward Snowden, currently holed up in a Hong Kong hotel. Read More →
Featured Microsoft, Google, Apple, Facebook, Yahoo and other US companies deny assisting US officials in collecting customer private data since 2007. Read More →
Yahoo announces big redesign for Flickr, everyone gets 1TB of photo storage, can Tumblr expect the same treatment ? Read More →
Featured Rumours claim board approves move to buy blogging platform site, for an alleged US$1.1bn. Read More →
The man who helped bring Marissa Mayer to the company will not seek reelection to the Yahoo board of directors. Read More →


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White House Still Pretty Sure It's a Penalty, Not a Tax
So, Roberts was wrong?
We were wondering earlier today how Team Obama was going to handle the tax/not tax dilemma, and it seems that they are settling on something akin to "we don't really care what Roberts said, it's still not a tax":
"You can call it what you want," Carney told reporters en route to Colorado where the president was to view the battle against raging wildfires. "If you read the opinion, it is not a broad-based tax. It affects one percent, by CBO estimates, of the population." Pressed on whether that 1 percent will be paying a tax or a penalty, he responded, "It's a penalty because you have a choice. You don't a have a choice to pay your taxes. You have a choice. If you can afford health insurance, if you don't buy it."
So, if you can choose whether or not to pay it, that means it's not a tax? What about sales tax? You only have to pay that if you choose to purchase certain products. Likewise, nobody forces you to buy and then sell stocks and pay a capital gains tax, but it's still a "tax."
Ultimately, there is no "right" answer to the question of penalty versus tax. And it's funny, because, regardless of what label is used, the actual thing you have to pay is still the same. It's all about optics, and perception, and the visceral revulsion people have to the word tax but not the word penalty. But this is the kind of
fun suicide-inducing semantics argument we can look forward to for the next few months.


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Website User Agreement
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A Department of Beaufort County Government
Looking for something fun to do this summer? Look no further, as the St. Helena Branch Library has got you covered. Whether you are into animation, film making, game design, drawing, or graphic design... we have the class for you and each class is FREE. Be sure to check the Beaufort County Library calendar for class times and days during the months of June, July, and August. Flyers for these classes will also be posted around the different branches. To register for these classes please call Melanie at 255-6547.


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The SAGE Encyclopedia of Social Science Research Methods
Pub. date: 2004 | DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.4135/9781412950589
Print ISBN: 9780761923633 | Online ISBN: 9781412950589
Encyclopedia Entry
Delphi Technique
John R. H. Charlton
This is a qualitative method for obtaining consensus among a group of experts. Named after the Delphic oracle, skillful at forecasting the future in ancient times, it was invented by the RAND Corporation in the 1960s for forecasting the probability, desirability, and impact of future events. Its use has now been extended to a wide range of situations where convergence of opinions is desirable. There are now three distinct forms: exploratory Delphi , as developed by RAND; focus Delphi , seeking views of disparate groups likely to be affected by some policy; and normative Delphi , gathering experts' opinions on defined issues to achieve consensus (e.g., to set goals and objectives). The essential element in the Delphi process is anonymity of participants when giving their opinion, which alleviates problems that could be caused by domination of the group by ...
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World Retail Congress – What's in store?
By Sarah E Taylor-Oracle on Aug 30, 2011
It's just under a month until the next annual World Retail Congress in Berlin.
The World Retail Congress is the culmination of global retail development, and each year hosts the retail industry to share experience and insight from around the world with other businesses and experts.
The past 11 months have seen some landmark developments in the retail industry, as well as some exciting advances in retail technology and the way people shop. This year has seen the rise of 'multichannel' as a retail imperative to become the number one target in boardroom agendas. Mobile technology has finally been embraced by mainstream retailers and shopping by mobile device is a fast evolving consumer trend. As a result of this, retailers are experiencing an increase in operational complexity that they have had to meet head on in order to maintain logistical efficiency.
All of these advances have been driven by the increased perception of data as a valuable commodity within a business. Encouraging consumers to use technology to shop – whether on the high street or online - is not only a strategy to increase sales across all channels, but it is also a way to gather a greater level of understanding about how each shopper behaves. The analysis of this data will in turn drive a retailer's ability to anticipate supply and demand, assist product development and optimize the way the product is priced and marketed.
In turn, the consumer is becoming more data-savvy. Shoppers are more regularly comparing prices of products online before they buy. Price comparison websites are driving the trend, but smartphone apps that scan barcodes and offer reviews and prices in various shops are also making it easier for consumers to 'shop smart'. This is putting extra pressure on retailers of all sizes to become more aware of their competitors' prices and ensure that their inventory is available across more channels.
This evolution is what is driving developments in retail across the world, and we will many examples of how businesses are adapting to this change of pace at World Retail Congress this year. The key topics of the 2011 Programme are 'Understanding Multi Channel Retailing', 'The Rise in Mobile Communications' and 'How to deliver international growth through an understanding of shopper behaviour both on and offline'.
It will be very exciting to see what insight the different industry experts will have to offer on these topics, and how pioneering retailers are meeting the challenges head on. Oracle Retail will also be presenting some research we are conducting on the growth of the technology-savvy consumer and what it means for businesses. Stay tuned to the blog for more information about this research.
If you're heading to the World Retail Congress then make sure you book yourself in for our sessions. Our Digital Natives session will be at 7.45am on Tuesday, and we're hosting a discussion on Multichannel Retailing at 3.30pm, again on Tuesday.
We will also be hosting the presentation about the winners of the Oracle World Retail Awards on Wednesday morning.
Other key speakers we're looking forward to include:
Alex Cara, Former Group Franchise Managing Director, New Look
Joseph Gromek, President and CEO, Warnaco
Tommy Hilfiger, Founder, Tommy Hilfiger Group
Ian Moir, CEO, Woolworths SA
Eric Broussard, Vice President – International Seller Services, Amazon
We look forward to seeing you there! For more information, go to http://www.worldretailcongress.com/programme.cfm


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Sponsor an Equine at Equine Advocates Sanctuary
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Our residents at Equine Advocates Sanctuary need constant care. Many are aged or have health problems because of the abuse and neglect they suffered before being rescued. Your sponsorship of one of our equine residents will go a long way in helping us in our continuing efforts to provide a happy life for the animal you choose.
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Clive, a registered Thoroughbred stallion born in 1995, was seized by State Police on June 16, 2008 along with five other horses as part of a cruelty case. Equine Advocates was asked to take Clive, Beau and Marty, all of whom were intact males. Clive was gelded shortly after we won custody and quickly put on some much needed weight. Clive hangs out with his best buddy, Jake, along with the other mild-mannered geldings in the area we call "Bobby & the Heartbreakers."


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EUGENE, Ore. – Ohio State broke open a tight game with four runs in the top of the ninth inning en route to a 5-0 non-conference win at PK Park on Saturday.
Three Oregon (11-4) pitchers held Ohio State (8-4) to just one run on three hits over the first eight innings, but they couldn't match Buckeyes' starter Ryan Riga who threw a complete-game shutout. Riga (2-0) allowed just five hits while striking out 10 and walking just one.
Freshman Matt Krook (0-1) took the loss for Oregon despite allowing just one run on one hit over 5.1 innings. He struck out 10 Buckeyes, but struggled with his control walking six.
Krook was charged with Ohio State's first run after walking Ronnie Dawson with one out in the sixth. Oregon went to the bullpen, but freshman reliever Trent Paddon gave up a RBI double to Ryan Leffel, the first batter he faced, to give OSU a 1-0 lead.
The Ducks' best scoring opportunity came in the bottom of the first. Aaron Payne, who went 3-for-4, reach first on a bunt base hit. He moved to third on a pair of throwing errors on a pickoff attempt by Riga and an errant throw by the first baseman Leffel. Payne was cut down in a rundown between third and home on a Tyler Baumgartner comebacker.
Oregon and Ohio State will wrap up their three-game series Sunday at Noon at PK Park. The Ducks will send senior Jeff Gold (3-0) to the mound.


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Michelle Monaghan
"You don't grow up in a town of 700 thinking you're going to be an actress. I loved doing [school] plays, but it was just something to keep me busy."
- Michelle Monaghan
Plenty of models try their hand at acting, but few have had Michelle's extraordinary success. In addition to starring in Mission: Impossible III, the Iowa native has also appeared in blockbusters like Mr. & Mrs. Smith, The Bourne Supremacy and North Country.
And it's a good thing too, because her nude scene in Kiss Kiss Bang Bang (2005) kept us fixated on the screen. Of course Michelle takes it all with a grain of salt. "Somebody told me I'll be on the Celebrity Skin website, and I was like 'Oh! That's great!'" she says. "I love the internet. Now I can look at my t*ts every day online."
Michelle also lit up the small screen with appearances in hit shows like Young Americans, Law & Order: Special Victims Unit and Boston Public.
Michelle Monaghan BiographyMichelle Monaghan was born March 23, 1976, in the tiny town of Winthrop, Iowa. The youngest of three children, her house was always crawling with ankle biters thanks to her mother, Sharon, who operated a day care on the premises.
After graduating from high school, Michelle made the trek to Chicago to begin a degree in journalism at Columbia College. Although her studies interested her, the harsh realities of the business did not. As she recalls, "There I was three years into a journalism degree with plans to become an investigative television reporter when I found out I was going to have to start out in a small market like Iowa. So I left."
michelle monaghan begins modelingIn fact, Michelle got as far away as she physically could. Falling back on her good looks, the Winthrop native embarked on a modeling career that would eventually take her on assignments to Milan, Singapore, Tokyo, and Hong Kong. Slowly but surely, she also launched a secondary career as an actress, making her television debut in 2000 in the popular series Young Americans.
Although modeling continued to be her bread and butter, Michelle also padded her resume in 2001 with an appearance on Law & Order: Special Victims Unit as well as a small role in Perfume, a film about the lives of a group of New York City models.
michelle monaghan in unfaithfulAlthough the parts provided her with screen time, nothing could have prepared her for the challenges of working with bonafide acting legends in the 2002 film Unfaithful. Recalling her first day on the set with Richard Gere and Diane Lane, Michelle reminisces, "I started thinking of that game from Sesame Street, 'Which of these three things does not belong?'" Luckily she overcame her jitters and the film went on to rake in $119 million worldwide.
michelle monaghan in boston publicDespite the collosal success of Unfaithful, Michelle's true breakthrough occurred a year later when she joined the cast of FOX's hit show Boston Public. Playing idealistic high school teacher Kimberly Woods, Michelle won over fans and critics alike and parlayed her success into a role in the 2003 film It Runs in the Family. Co-starring Kirk and Michael Douglas, the family drama gave Michelle her biggest burst of screen time yet.
2004 brought even bigger roles as she appeared in the Anthony LaPaglia drama Winter Solstice and the Matt Damon mega-hit, The Bourne Supremacy. Although Solstice was something of a sleeper, The Bourne Supremacy went on to make over $274 million worldwide.
michelle monaghan in kiss kiss bang bangIt also made Michelle a bankable star and she responded with a career year in 2005 thanks to memorable appearances in four huge hits, including Constantine, Mr. & Mrs. Smith and North Country. However, it was her starring role in the dark comedy Kiss Kiss Bang Bang that brought her the most notoriety. Michelle's role as super sexy Harmony Faith Lane earned her Best Supporting Actress nominations from both the Saturn Awards and the Satellite Awards. More importantly, it gave her the chance to strut her stuff alongside Val Kilmer and Robert Downey Jr. "I have to say I was in awe of them," she admits. "These were two actors that I really admired for such a long time, but on the first day they literally said, 'Go for it -- do whatever you want creatively.'"
Michelle capped off the year by marrying her longtime boyfriend, Peter White, an Australian graphic designer. Since then she has also appeared in the 2006 summer blockbuster Mission: Impossible III as Tom Cruise's fiance, Julia.
Although Michelle is clearly enjoying her success, she also admits to being a bit apprehensive. "All of this [acting] scares the hell out of me," she confesses. "I'm frightened and uneasy and sometimes my heart skips a beat. But, hey, it got me out of Iowa, right?"
What else do you need to know?


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Once upon a lifetime ago (in a much different phase of my career) I was pretty good at handling MS-DOS and MS Windows (3.x ... pre-NT, pre-XP, etc) technical support.
For the last 14 years I've focused primarily on Linux and other UNIX systems. A year or so ago I bought a PC laptop and actually left MS Windows XP running on it. (Okay, I've partitioned it and have Debian on the other side). Mostly I've used it to play Might & Magic VI and WoW. Other than that I run Firefox and PuTTY.
Recently I've also been doing some scripting on it ... using the Python (2.6) and gVIM. So NOW I want to know ...
... where do I put my personal start-up settings? Where do I had C:\PYTHON26 to my %PATH%? Where does my _VIMRC go? Does JP Software still exist? Should I get the latest 4DOS?
(I am, for now, resisting the urge to install Cygwin32 and just use it for everything ... though that's tempting, as is the notion of installing coLinux).
(Note this system is NOT connected nor configured for any sort of MS Windows domain networking at all. So any network profile management stuff is useless to me).
I'd prefer to do this in my own configuration files and not in AUTOEXEC.BAT AUTOEXEC.CMD CONFIG.SYS or any of those (if those are even still honored by MS Windows in this GUI ridden realm/era).


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In filing the largest municipal bankruptcy case in U.S. history, the City of Detroit is already off to a messy start.
Emergency Manager Kevyn Orr issued a restructuring plan for the financially strapped city in June. While a Chapter 9 filing was likely inevitable, Orr had begun negotiations with retirees, unions, bondholders and their insurers, and other creditors with the stated aim of settling as many of their financial disputes as possible to make for a quicker and smoother proceeding in the U.S. Bankruptcy Court for the Eastern District of Michigan in Detroit.
With the city's pensions underfunded and pension benefit cuts on the table, a major issue is that the Michigan Constitution protects public employee pension benefits. Article IX, Section 24 states, "The accrued financial benefits of each pension plan and retirement system of the state and its political subdivisions shall be a contractual obligation thereof which shall not be diminished or impaired thereby." It is unclear whether federal bankruptcy law trumps this constitutional provision.
The Police and Fire Retirement System and the General Retirement System, representing about 20,000 city retirees, filed a lawsuit against Orr and Gov. Rick Snyder in Ingham County Circuit Court seeking to block a bankruptcy filing in order to protect pension benefits. A hearing on a temporary restraining order to prevent the filing was scheduled for 4 p.m. last Thursday before Judge Rosemarie Aquilina, who was ready to issue such an order.
But in a sneaky and underhanded move, lawyers representing Orr and Snyder asked for a five-minute delay in the hearing, to which the pension board attorneys agreed. During this five-minute delay, lawyers for Orr filed the bankruptcy petition with Snyder's authorization. On the following day, the bankruptcy case was assigned to Judge Steven Rhodes.
At the Thursday hearing after the bankruptcy filing, Aquilina issued a temporary restraining order preventing pension benefit cuts. Ordinarily, a bankruptcy filing would put all lawsuits against the city on hold. But the case before Aquilina had been filed against Orr and Snyder, not the city, and on Friday, she ruled that the bankruptcy filing violated the state constitution, ordering Snyder to order Orr to withdraw the bankruptcy case. Attorney General Bill Schuette, representing Snyder, appealed Aquilina's order to the Michigan Court of Appeals.
To add to the legal mess, Rhodes declared today that his court has jurisdiction over the lawsuit before Aquilina. He set a hearing for Wednesday to sort out the dispute between the city and its pension funds. Rhodes scheduled a second hearing for Aug. 2 to consider a series of other motions, including the city's requests for a 32-day deadline for creditors to file objections to its eligibility for Chapter 9 bankruptcy protection, creation of a committee to represent retirees, and putting all lawsuits filed against it on hold.
Meanwhile, Aquilina scheduled a hearing for July 29 over whether the bankruptcy filing violated the state constitution, reiterating that the case should remain a state issue. In regards to the state constitution's protection of pension benefits, she remarked, "I don't think the constitution should be made of Swiss cheese. Once we erode it with one hole, there will be others."
These legal maneuvers are just the start of what looks like a long, drawn-out and expensive process that could drag on for years. There will be questions as to whether Detroit is really insolvent and therefore eligible for Chapter 9 protection, as well as whether Orr negotiated in good faith or filed prematurely. The outcome is uncertain, and it is doubtful that Orr will still be emergency manager whenever a final resolution is reached. Whether Detroit residents will have a functioning city government delivering decent services at that point remains to be seen. Orr and Snyder may have opened up a Pandora's box by using a dirty trick to file for bankruptcy.


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I want to remove some layers from the osm map of an area. It has all the details like POI, offline routing and all. But I just want the map data. How can I remove this extra layer from the map?
There are no layers as such. You have points (=nodes), lines (=ways) and relations between those. They can have attributes (=tags), which represent map features. If you want to have a map of just the features you're interested in, you can use tools like TileMill or Maperitive to generate such maps. It all depends on your concrete needs - do you need a Web map, a bitmap, a vector map...
There is a utility call Osmfilter (http://wiki.openstreetmap.org/wiki/Osmfilter):
It supports .osm and .o5m files.


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