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My baby brother and me
I remember the day my parents told me that Mom was expecting a baby. My parents sat my sister and I down at the kitchen table and my dad began what I was sure would be an extremely long-winded spiel. I knew what was going on the minute he started talking. I was 13-years-old and had been bugging my parents for a baby brother for years. The baby sister had proved to be a bit of a pain, so I thought a baby brother might work out a bit better. Always the drama queen, I fell theatrically to the floor, leaving my baffled sister to listen to the remainder of Dad's speech.
I was thrilled when Andy was born. I loved helping Mom take care of him, and she often would let me rock him and sing to him. Everyone called me his "second mom", and our relationship was more of a mother/son relationship due to the large age difference. From the beginning he was a very sensitive child, and his moods would change in the blink of an eye. When he was very little, he hated the wind – he would hold his breath when we took him out on a windy day (which is pretty much every day in Kansas). He didn't like the grass touching his feet and bright light bothered him. He loved to play dress up and would stay in character for hours. One of his favorite characters was Luke Skywalker – if one of us would dare call him Andy while he was pretending to be Luke, he would shout "Me not Andy, me Luke!" Whenever my parents fought, he would cry. And if Mom wasn't available, he would cling to me.
Like most teenagers, I had wanted to move out of my parents house the minute I turned 18, but decided to stay another year and attend the local community college, mostly because I didn't want to leave my brother behind. When I did finally move out, I talked to Andy and Mom at least once a week. My mom always stressed the importance of staying in contact with Andy; she told me that I would have to make an extra effort to have a close relationship with him since he was so much younger, and I did. I came home whenever I could to spend time with him. He was so spoiled that he thought his birthday was a national holiday, so he was very put out the first time I had to miss it.
Andy the cowboy
My brother and I were made of the same cloth; he really "got" me. I knew what he was feeling, and he knew what I was feeling – we didn't need words. He loved babies and animals, and they loved him as well. He was extremely intelligent, and loved to argue – especially since he was always right.
People often found Andy to be unfriendly, but the truth was that he was painfully shy; so much so that it was often difficult for him to force himself to talk to people. This was especially ironic since he ultimately excelled in sales. He always had a talent for business, and he liked to make money – these two qualities helped him get past the shyness and advance his career.
Although I kept in contact with my brother no matter where I lived, as he neared his teenage years he became more withdrawn and increasingly difficult to communicate with. He started experimenting with drugs in his early teens and getting in trouble at school. He had once excelled in Tae Kwon Do and team sports, but lost interest entirely and dropped out. His experimentation with drugs landed him in the hospital and in rehab on many occasions, in trouble with the law, and ultimately suspended from high school. These were difficult, troubled years for Andy and our family, culminating early one morning when he snuck out of the house, took my sister's car, and had a devastating accident on a lonely country road. He went through the windshield, broke his neck, and got up and started walking. Two people stopped by and gave him a slurpy. He later told me that that slurpy was the most wonderful drink he'd ever had. He was convinced that these people had been angels, and that they had saved his life with a slurpy.
The Star Wars phase
As soon as Andy recovered, he went to live with my sister and her husband in Albuquerque. His difficulties continued, however, so he moved to Los Angeles to live with me and my family. I was his last resort, and although he had a rough start in Los Angeles, he finally rose to the occasion and found a good job with room for advancement at The Daily News. He earned his GED and enrolled in college. He had also met his girlfriend by this time, and by 2005 they were the proud parents of 2 children. Andy had finally found happiness in love, family and work, and his self-confidence increased dramatically. He also turned to God around this time, joined a church with his family and was baptized.
My family and I moved to Fort Collins in 2004, and my brother and his family followed 3 years later. They stayed with me until Andy was hired at The Denver Post and moved into a house in Westminster. He loved Fort Collins and his ultimate goal was to eventually move here. It appeared that Andy had put all those troubled years behind him and moved on.
In March 2009, our mom was diagnosed with lung cancer, and we moved her to Colorado so she could live with Andy while she was receiving treatment at the nearby cancer hospital. Andy spent countless hours searching the internet and making calls to ensure that our mom was getting the best treatment possible, and that it would be paid for since she didn't have insurance. As her health deteriorated, Andy doted on her more and more, doing everything he could to make her more comfortable. After Mom passed away on December 19th, we all tried to carry on as best as we could, but Andy was really struggling. We were all concerned because he couldn't sleep and his health was deteriorating, but once he went back to work he seemed to improve. A little over a week after he had started back to work, however, he was home sick again. I had stopped by to see him the night he died and although he seemed energetic and positive, he was obviously very sick. I also noted that his pupils were like pinpricks, which made me wonder what drugs he was taking. Although Andy seemed to have it together, we were all aware that his flirtation with prescription drugs had never completely ended. He was convinced that he knew what he was doing and could handle it, and no amount of arguing could convince him otherwise. He was dead several hours later, almost exactly a month after the death of my mom, due to a combination of pneumonia and prescription medications. The drugs he was taking suppressed lung function, and he never even suspected that he had pneumonia.
I find it ironic that my brother survived so many close calls when he was younger, only to die in this needless manner at age 30. It has occurred to me that maybe Andy was spared so many years ago so he would be here to take care of Mom in her time of need. He felt so guilty about everything he had put Mom through, and he was given a chance to give back some of the love and support that she had given to him, to repay some of the debt that he felt he owed her. And even though I miss him every day, and want him back so badly, I'm so glad he was given that opportunity.
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The following is a general timeline for financial aid application and processing:
- January 1-March 2: Complete the FAFSA on the web at www.fafsa.ed.gov, and the CSUB Academic Scholarships application, for the upcoming academic year.
- March 2: Priority deadline to submit the FAFSA to the federal processor for on-time financial aid consideration.
- February-May: Once you and /or your parents have completed your Federal Income Tax Return, please update your FAFSA using IRS Data Retrieval tool. For electronic tax filers, IRS Data Retrieval should be available about 3 weeks after filing. For paper filers, Data Retrieval should be available 8-to-11 weeks after filing.
- Early April: E-mail notifications of missing documents are sent to applicants whose financial aid files are incomplete or who have been selected for verification and for whom additional documentation is required.
- Mid-to-Late April: Tentative date for notification of financial aid awards to on-time applicants will begin.
- May-July 1: Return completed forms requested by the Office of Financial Aid & Scholarships.
- September: Fall classes begin.
Complete the FAFSA (Free Application for Federal Student Aid) online or on paper as soon after January 1st as possible. The priority filing deadline for California colleges is March 2nd for federal student aid. Your FAFSA must be received by the federal processor by this date to also be eligible for state grants, such as Cal Grant.
Make Corrections
- Review your SAR (Student Aid Report), which will be sent to you by the FAFSA federal processor as an online link or on paper by mail. Changes should be made as soon as possible; in order to be eligible for California state grants, changes must be submitted and match the student's verification documents, by the student's last day of attendance for the academic year, or June 1st, whichever occurs first
Review Your Financial Aid Award Notification
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Complete Necessary Paperwork
- Check your myCSUB Financial Aid "To-Do List" to view any necessary paperwork.
- Return this paperwork as soon as possible (CSUB Document Submission deadline is July 1st for the fall term); your aid will be on hold until these forms are returned and processed.
Office of Financial Aid and Scholarships
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America is known to be a consumer culture and so it is fitting that the United States is home to one of the biggest malls in the world—The Mall of America. Located in Bloomington, Minnesota, the Mall of America (sometimes called simply "MoA") is so large that seven Yankee Stadiums could fit inside of it! The Mall of America is home to over 520 stores, an amusement park (containing 25 rides and attractions) and an aquarium! The mall has over 11,000 year-round employees and has greeted over 40 million visitors every year since its opening in 1992!
Below is a list of facts about the Mall of America:
• Four out of every ten people in the Mall of America are tourists. However, most visitors are from the Midwestern states or Canada.
• The Mall of America has 8 acres of skylights that enable about 70% of natural light to enter the mall.
• The Mall of America is always kept at 70 degrees, no matter what the weather outside is like.
• If someone wanted to spend ten minutes in every store it would take them 86 hours to see everywhere in the mall!
• Over 400 events are held at the mall every year and over 5,000 wedding ceremonies have been performed there!


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Nashville RSS
Alexandre Grenier recalled by the Canucks, Brendan Gaunce sent to back to AHL Utica
As expected, the Vancouver Canucks recalled right winger Alexandre Grenier from the AHL's Utica Comets and re-assigned left winger Brendan Gaunce on Monday. Coach Willie Desjardins suggested that was happening on Saturday night. In 57 games with Utica, Grenier has … Continue reading
Poll: Who's the greatest Vancouver Giant of all time?
The Vancouver Giants handing out Jon Blum bobbleheads this week has us thinking. Who's the greatest Vancouver Giant of all time? We have gone over this before. This time, we're giving you a vote. And, if you're interested in … Continue reading
Vivian Krause: A vote for Vision is a vote for U.S. interests
Gregor Robertson opposes the expansion of a Kinder Morgan pipeline and makes this a central promise of his bid for re-election as Vancouver's mayor. Robertson says that more oil tankers are too risky. It's true that pipelines and tankers do … Continue reading
Kirk Muller not a good head coaching fit in Vancouver
Kirk Muller became the fifth NHL head coach to be fired this season on Monday, when new Carolina Hurricanes GM Ron Francis made a big statement not long after taking over the job from Jim Rutherford. This begins a whole … Continue reading
Florida Georgia Line has a B.C. connection
Florida Georgia Line plays in the Fraser Valley this week. The duo of of Tyler Hubbard and Brian Kelley has a relationship to the region. The country/pop corssover act behind the record-breaking single Cruise (4 million copies and counting) inked … Continue reading
Steve Dawson makes Music City home
Steve Dawson had a lot to think about — a lot to do. So, he made Rattlesnake Cage and hit the road. Dawson had moved to Nashville six months before, was building a recording studio in his new home and … Continue reading
Shinkaruk looking forward to training camp, 10 weeks into hip surgery rehab
Hunter Shinkaruk's recovery from hip labrum surgery is progressing well 10 weeks after having the procedure done. One of the Canucks' top prospects, the fleet winger was at Rogers Arena on Wednesday morning. He's in town to have the Canucks' … Continue reading
Nashville Hurricane targets Vancouver audiences
Tied for Chase Padgett's No. 1 Best Christmas Presents Ever: The crappy nylon string guitar his dad gave him and the Level One improv class at the Sak Comedy Lab ("Where Wayne Brady went!") in Orlando, Fla., he got from … Continue reading
Jake Bugg carving his own musical path
I have shoes older than Jake Bugg. I have a cat older than Jake Bugg. Jake Bugg is 19 years old, has a couple of critically-embraced albums to his name and lives in a constant state of touring around. He's … Continue reading
Edler out 'indefinitely,' Alberts draws in against Phoenix
The Canucks confirmed they'll be without top defenceman Alex Edler for Friday's game with the Phoenix Coyotes and possibly longer. Assistant coach Glen Gulutzan told reporters following practice on Thursday at Rogers Arena that Edler, who appeared to tweak his … Continue reading


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Have you ever attended a seminar or conference and come away with beneficial advice? I attended FinCon13 – a financial bloggers conference in October last year and came back with all kinds of great ideas, but one sticks in my head that I will share with you today… do one thing. The speaker recommended that we bloggers give the readers just one thing to do as a result of reading our story. One call to action, just one.
It occurs to me that this advice is applicable not only to writing, but also to real life!
Recently, I've seen my blood pressure rising. As a consequence I'm trying to adopt changes to my lifestyle and eating habits to attempt to lower it. My approach has been multi-pronged in that I have made many changes to my diet as well as some changes to my exercise routines. Making this many changes at once is difficult and will no doubt be hard to sustain. I'm trying to add one apple a day as part of this approach.
Do one thing to make lifestyle changes.
Do one thing at a time when you are making lifestyle changes. Do this especially if a multi-pronged approach is not working for you.
My goal to day is to get you to eat one more piece of fruit. That is my call to action for you.
Why eat one more piece of fruit?
Lower your chances of cancer
"A new study suggests that women with higher levels of carotenoids (nutrients found in fruits and vegetables) have a lower risk of breast cancer"
Boost potassium levels to help lower blood pressure.
"Cantaloupe. This member of the melon family is rich in the antioxidant beta-carotene, a plant-based vitamin A precursor that helps with eye health, among other conditions. It is also rich in the mineral potassium, which may help lower blood pressure and the risk for stroke. And, it is terrific if you are watching your waist — a one-cup serving contains a mere 50 calories."
An apple a day keeps the doctor away.
"Eat the skin for a high dose of fiber — both soluble (the type that helps lower cholesterol) and insoluble (it keeps you regular). In addition to meeting 15 percent of your daily fiber needs, an apple is crammed with antioxidants."
"One polyphenolic flavonoid, quercetin, found in apples, is especially promising. Research has found that quercetin has significant anti-inflammatory effects, suggesting benefits for support of disease related to ongoing inflammatory response, including joint health."
Fruits help keep you regular.
"Dietary fiber from fruits, as part of an overall healthy diet, helps reduce blood cholesterol levels and may lower risk of heart disease. Fiber is important for proper bowel function. It helps reduce constipation and diverticulosis. Fiber-containing foods such as fruits help provide a feeling of fullness with fewer calories.Whole or cut-up fruits are sources of dietary fiber; fruit juices contain little or no fiber."
How to eat more fruit.
Keep fruit in sight.
What you see is more likely to get eaten. Put it in handy bags in the frig or out in a bowl on the kitchen counter.
Put it in your cereal.
I love oatmeal in the winter, with cinnamon, raisins and walnut pieces. Add flax seed meal and a bit of sweetener and you have a healthy, nutritious fiber full meal.
Add strawberry or banana bits to your boxed cereal for flavor and color.
Serve it differently.
Dip the strawberries in dark chocolate. Serve the apple cut into bite-able pieces on a plate. Slice the bananas into milk and add sweetener. Add fruit to your salad.
Drink 100% fruit juice instead of soda.
Just once a day, substitute your normal soda or coffee for fruit juice.
Serve it for dessert.
Apple cobbler, pumpkin bread, peaches and cream – there are all kinds of yummy fruit desserts. Check out these fast recipes at Eating Well.
Pack dried fruit to go.
Have packs ready to plug into lunch boxes or baggies for that trip, or even to snack on while watching your favorite show on TV.
I've successfully added one more serving of fruit to my day. Can you beat that? How do you substitute healthy fruits for junk?
Eat one more serving of fruit TODAY!


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McKenzie Lewis is having the roughest time trying to earn a Bachelor of Arts degree in English. It's taken her eight years because of her other job. McKenzie is known as a cartographer for the Fae. When things called fissures disappear, she can see the shadows left behind. Her official titles is a Nalkin-shom or in Fae slang, a Shadow With. Others use traep-shom- translation Shadow-bitch. The bitch part is what the rebels think of her since she works for the King of the Fey who they want to overthrow.
McKenzie has been found by the rebels who will kidnap her and use her to defeat the King. Coming to her defense is the king's sword-master, Kyol. McKenzie has been in love with Kyol for ten years, but since it's forbidden for humans and fae to be together, they can't be anything more than friends. Kyol may or may not have feelings for her because he has acted on them in the past, but stopping before it can go too far to McKenzie's dismay.
This time Kyol fails protecting her and McKenzie is kidnapped by rebel leader, Aren. He threatens and then pleads with her to listen to him because she has been lied to all this time. Plus, now that she's with the enemy, the king could end up killing her so she can't help the rebels. McKenzie is steadfast in her belief that the rebels are wrong and longs for Kyol to save her. But Aren is there to build upon her doubts not only about her unstable life, but of Kyol, who may or may not be using all this time her like the king has.
I had a blast reading The Shadow Reader. Sandy Williams has something special here. Her heroine is tough as nails, but inside hides her suffering. McKenzie is all alone and only has Kyol and one human friend for support. Sandy has a plausible explanation why McKenzie is cut off from her family, and one that won't have you rolling your eyes. Also, McKenzie's yearning for Kyol will break your heart. I give major kudos to Sandy for making Aren just as appealing. McKenzie is torn between the two men, much like Carrie was from Sex in the City. Remember when Carrie was with Aidan, but still cared for Big? I wanted Carrie to be with both men because they were so perfect for her. The same happens her with McKenzie. I can't choose who she should be with because both men are worthy partners for her.
The fighting scene are also well written and the dialogue lovely. I was never lost with the terminology or the events occurring. I wanted to cheer for McKenzie's successes and suffer alongside her through her confusion and her defeats.
Silly side note: When I think of the name Kyol, I couldn't help but think of the store Kohl's or the black eye makeup. Did anyone else have this same problem?
Even though I'm all for the romance here, the tone of The Shadow Reader in regards to the sensuality is very subtle. Think of a PG rating. If you're not a big fan of romance in urban fantasy, you will still enjoy this book. It has a great balance of everything I'm looking for in a reader.
Sandy Williams is one of my favorite debut authors of 2011 and one I will keep my eye on. I can't wait for her next book featuring McKenzie and how she'll handle Kyol, Aren and the world of the fae. (Ace)


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|PICA + PO Box 5639 + 250 Washington St + Providence, RI 02903 + 401-454-7422
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The Providence In-town Churches Association (PICA) is a faith-based nonprofit agency whose mission is to offer stability, justice and hope to those in need through advocacy and direct service.
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Community Services
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Our volunteers have assisted in the design and delivery of services and programs significant to the welfare of the community. These community outreach programs meet community wellness needs while offering rewarding volunteer opportunities.
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Joined: 03 Aug 2011
Posts: 297
Location: Missouri
Posted: Mon Jan 30, 2012 9:27 pm
Post subject: Balogh Discussion from Recently Read Thread Split Off
Just finished a 1993 Mary Balogh gem entitled (appropriately enough)
A Precious Jewel
. Other posters have brought it up in other threads, I see, but I just wanted to add how much I enjoyed it!
After a rather disappointing past month with some highly anticipated new novels from Eloisa James, Julie Anne Long, and the like, I stumbled on APJ at the library and decided to give it a go. I'm very happy I did.
The story line: A lady-turned-prostitute becomes a wealthy (presumably) young man's mistress, and their relationship develops slowly into something more.
There was so much to like about this book, for anyone on these boards who hasn't read it yet. The mistress, Priss, knew her place and acted accordingly, even though it distressed her in various situations. Her patron, Gerald, was not overly gallant. He paid for her services and treated her nicely, but never thought of her as any more than a mistress (at least, for most of the book).
I must admit, APJ had more the feel of a novella to me -- short, needing to be fleshed out to give proper depth to the developing relationship and to better explore what was going on in the H/h's minds at key moments.
Also, there were some plot points that I did not understand, like why Priss had to wait until she was 30 for her mother's inheritance.
No matter. It was still a very engaging read, and as with several other Balogh novels, I found myself thinking about it (inventing an epilogue as well as other could-have-happened scenes) long after I finished reading it.
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Joined: 06 Aug 2010
Posts: 280
Location: Toronto, Ontario
Posted: Mon Jan 30, 2012 9:52 pm
Post subject:
Stl_reader: A Precious Jewel is my favorite Balogh (I've read eight so far)!
It was my first and I remember I was not interested in that storyline at all but then decided to give it a try after hearing lots of recommendations. It proves again for me that a talented author can make any storyline interesting.
For me it was perfect length as it was, and I understand that we meet h and H again in The Christmas Bride (the book about H's stepmother).
Similar to your situation, Mary Balogh is a go-to author for me after frustrating historical reads, she or traditional Regencies.
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Elizabeth Rolls
Joined: 26 Mar 2007
Posts: 1120
Location: Australia
Posted: Mon Jan 30, 2012 11:01 pm
Post subject:
Also, there were some plot points that I did not understand, like why Priss had to wait until she was 30 for her mother's inheritance.
It's a while since I read the book, but that sort of limitation on an inheritance was not uncommon. It was not unheard of for a wild young man to have to wait for full possession of an inheritance, for example. This was intended to give him time to settle down, rather than blowing the whole lot at the gaming tables. In the case of a young woman it could be designed to protect her from fortune hunters. A man in urgent need of money would be unlikely to whisk a twenty year old into an elopement if he had to wait ten years for the money. Hopefully by the time a woman was thirty she had learned to recognise fortune hunters. Often also a woman would not have full control of her fortune. It was often left in trust to her children, so her husband did not gain control of it and the capital was preserved. Anything a woman owned outright became her husband's upon marriage, unless the marriage settlements tied it up in a trust for her. This did not change until the 1870's with the Married Women's Property Act, so it is quite conceivable that Priss's mother's fortune was tied up until Priss turned thirty. Usually a woman would receive some sort of income from the estate, but not always. It would depend on the trustees and terms of the trust/will.
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Joined: 03 Aug 2011
Posts: 297
Location: Missouri
Posted: Tue Jan 31, 2012 9:21 am
Post subject:
Thank you for the great information, Elizabeth. Now the inheritance plot point makes sense.
Mirole, thanks -- I've requested Christmas Bride from the library (via inter-library loan, so hopefully some library has it available).
In APJ, I wanted Gerald -- not the fastest decision maker in the world, after all, plus he's a man who seems used to seeing the world in terms of black and white than in possible shades of gray -- to wrestle a bit more with the idea of whether he could truly marry a fallen woman. It seemed like the kind of thing he would do, once the idea of marrying her even came up.
Of the Baloghs I've read so far (four of the Huxtable series, a couple of the Simply series and the Slightly series, and a few standalones), my absolute favorite was
More than a Mistress
Ironically, the book I simply could not suspend disbelief for or really get into was
No Man's Mistress
--which focuses on the brother of the hero from MtaM.
I am also partial to
Simply Love
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Joined: 22 Mar 2007
Posts: 4228
Location: Detroit Metro
Posted: Tue Jan 31, 2012 9:48 am
Post subject:
mirole wrote:
A Precious Jewel is my favorite Balogh (I've read eight so far)!
Just being curious here. Have you yet read
A Secret Pearl
by Balogh? I was in the camp who didn't like
A Precious Jewel
, but did enjoy the other. It was a bit melodramatic, but overall a good read. I had a difficult time with both characters in APJ and never warmed up to them at all.
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Joined: 06 Aug 2010
Posts: 280
Location: Toronto, Ontario
Posted: Tue Jan 31, 2012 2:20 pm
Post subject:
Tee: I read The Secret Pearl just couple weeks ago! I liked it a lot but agree with you that it's on the melodramatic side. I don't quite like romances where the h/H's happiness depends on some lucky coincidence or convenient misfortune as in this case. Of all Balogh's books I've read only two are full length and I thought this book would have been better if it were trad Regency length.
Here's my rating of Balogh's books I've read:
1. A Precious Jewel
2. Lord Carew's Bride
3. A Summer to Remember
4. The Secret Pearl
5. Dark Angel
6. Irresistible
7. A Matter of Class
8. A Christmas Promise
LCB is another book with a trope I dont usually like love at first sight but it was written very convincingly.
I want to reread Dark Angel because I think back and like it more and more.
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Joined: 09 Dec 2010
Posts: 294
Posted: Tue Jan 31, 2012 6:22 pm
Post subject:
I recently read Balogh's
One Night For Love
with Neville and Lily. There are many Balogh books I love, but this one was not a favorite. I did not finish it. I was bored. Perhaps this couple was too much a foregone conclusion, and their trials were just too understated. Also, sometimes for me Balogh's writing seems to slow to such a sedate pace, especially towards the end of a book, for me it loses momentum. This one sure did.
As for A Precious Jewel: I loved this book. I appreciated the hero for who he was and what his expectations were and he wasn't pretending to want something he didn't. He
a black a white kind of guy. Well said. The heroine was so sweet.
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Joined: 25 May 2009
Posts: 40
Posted: Tue Jan 31, 2012 6:53 pm
Post subject:
I'll be honest that after reading The Secret Pearl, I couldn't get the distaste out of my mouth. I found the entire premise impossible to believe and that any woman after treatment (meant or no) would be able to open themselves up to the same person.
I'll be frank that after that, I never tried to read another Balogh. Any recommendations on another one to try?
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Joined: 09 May 2011
Posts: 15
Posted: Tue Jan 31, 2012 7:53 pm
Post subject:
bethaboo wrote:
I'll be frank that after that, I never tried to read another Balogh. Any recommendations on another one to try?
Slightly Dangerous
is my favorite Balogh. It's angst-free and has quite a bit of humor. It was the first Balogh that I read and I can't seem to find another by her that I like even half as much.
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Lea Hensley
Site Admin
Joined: 11 Apr 2007
Posts: 417
Location: Oklahoma
Posted: Tue Jan 31, 2012 8:11 pm
Post subject:
I have split off the Balogh discussion from the Recently Read thread on the Let's Talk Message Board.
Lea Hensley
Audiobooks Bookshelf at Goodreads
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Joined: 12 Apr 2007
Posts: 45
Posted: Tue Jan 31, 2012 8:51 pm
Post subject:
bethaboo wrote:
I'll be honest that after reading The Secret Pearl, I couldn't get the distaste out of my mouth. I found the entire premise impossible to believe and that any woman after treatment (meant or no) would be able to open themselves up to the same person.
I'll be frank that after that, I never tried to read another Balogh. Any recommendations on another one to try?
I hardly ever like a prostitute or mistress story either. There have been some exceptions, but I stay away from them mostly because of the bad taste they leave and the general icky feeling.
Try Slightly Scandalous. It's Freyja Bedwyn's story. She's a great heroine, very strong and snobby.
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Joined: 03 Aug 2011
Posts: 297
Location: Missouri
Posted: Wed Feb 01, 2012 8:59 am
Post subject:
I was going to recommend my favorite--
More than a Mistress
--but if mistresses and prostitutes are off the table, then I'd suggest the first Balogh I ever read,
Simply Love
I realize
is part of a series and that the hero's back story is introduced in a previous book, but that did not stop me from really enjoying this book.
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Joined: 06 Aug 2010
Posts: 280
Location: Toronto, Ontario
Posted: Wed Feb 01, 2012 2:05 pm
Post subject:
bethaboo: I very strongly recommend Lord Carew's Bride but encourage you to start with Dark Angel which is the first book in Dark Angel series and LC'sB is second. They are trad Regencies so both 500 pages total. No prostitutes in these books and only one mistress in the past that had died from illness before the action in the books started.
I wanted to add to my list in earlier post that of the eight books I am keeping the top five because they are future rereads for me and got rid of the bottom three.
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Joined: 25 Mar 2007
Posts: 1705
Posted: Wed Feb 01, 2012 6:45 pm
Post subject:
My favorites by Balogh are:
A Counterfeit Betrothal
The Notorious Rake
Lord Carew's Bride
A Promise of Spring
Her Georgians Heartless and A Silent Melody) - don't know why they aren't mentioned more often
A Summer to Remember
Slightly Dangerous
Then Comes Love (the whole quintet is pretty good)
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Joined: 26 Mar 2007
Posts: 1728
Posted: Wed Feb 01, 2012 8:03 pm
Post subject:
I'll add two Balogh's that I love but that do not seem to be general favorites:
A Temporary Wife
, along with her more recent
A Secret Affair
. She's one of my favorite romance authors.
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Nick French joined the Arizona softball program in January 2010 to assist with daily softball operations and player development in the outfield. Prior to coming on board at UA, French was the interim head coach at Simmons (Mass.) College in 2008 before becoming an assistant at Piedmont (Ga.) College.
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At Simmons, his team shattered the school record for wins with 35 (the previous high was 19) and set school records for home runs, hits, average, stolen bases, ERA and RBI, while leading the team to school best second place conference finish and the first-ever postseason berth.
He also had four all-conference players and the league rookie of the year.
At Piedmont, his team finished fourth in the conference and had four All-Conference players, as well as the conference rookie of the year.
In addition to his coaching, French has played modified and fastpitch softball for eight seasons and was a member of the 2008 ASA Modified National Champion Granite State Bulldogs. He has played in six national tournaments with a host of teams.
French attended Emerson College where he played basketball for a season and assisted with the softball program as well. He graduated in 2005 with a degree in print and multimedia journalism. He has previously worked for the Boston Globe, and served as a sports editor for the Community Newspaper Company.
Nick is the son of Marty and Veronica French, and has a younger sister, Andrea.


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Officers with the Michigan police department responsible for shooting and killing a dog who was forgotten outside in St. Clair Shores by an elderly man with dementia, will likely receive updated training following the dog's death, reported Sunday's publication of Macomb Daily.
In early December, the dog, named "Lexie," had been put outside by her guardian's grandfather, who was watching the dog while Brittany Preston was at work.
Tragically, the elderly man forgot that Lexie was outside and the dog began to bark at the man's door in an effort to get back inside. The barking led neighbors to phone the police and things deteriorated from there.
Responding officers questioned the senior about the 45-pound dog and the man said that Lexie was not his - the response led the officers to believe that the dog was a stray.
Lexie's life was ended when police say that she began to bark aggressively at them and they were unable to contain her; the dog was shot multiple times and taken away by an animal control officer, still alive, to a waiting truck.
Lexie died a short time later.
Mayor Kip Walby spoke about the tragic incident at city council meeting on Jan. 6, noting that the investigation into the shooting is nearly complete:
We are going to come back with either changes in policies and procedures or training,
The actions of the animal control officer, who allegedly dragged the mortally wounded dog to the animal control truck and left her to bleed out, are also being reviewed.
Prior story on this incident here.
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Perseus & Andromeda, Roman fresco Pompeii
C1st A.D., Archaeological Museum of Naples
PERSEUS was one of the most celebrated of the Greek heroes. His story was as follows:--Perseus' mother Danae was locked in a bronze chamber by her father Akrisios, where she was impregnated by Zeus in the form of a golden shower. Akrisios put both mother and child in a chest and set them adrift in the sea, but they washed safely ashore on the island of Seriphos.
Later when Perseus was grown, King Polydektes, command he bring back the head of Medousa. With the help of the gods, Perseus first obtained an invisible helm, magical sword, and winged sandals. He then stole the single eye of the Graiai, three ancient hags, who told him where to find the Gorgones. The hero approached the sleeping Medousa, and beheaded her with eyes turned away, to avoid her petrifying visage.
On his way back to Greece, he spied the princess Andromeda chained to the rocks as a sacrifice to a sea-monster. Perseus slew the monster, and rescued the girl, bringing her back to Greece as his bride. On Seriphos, he turned King Polydektes to stone, then travelled to his grandfather's kingdom to claim the throne. The old man fled, and was later accidentally killed by Perseus at some Games with an awry discus throw.
Perseus was the ancestor through his sons and daughter of the royal houses of Mykenai, Elis, Sparta, Messenia, and distant Persia. His most famous descendant of all was Herakles.
Perseus was usually depicted in classical art wearing the winged boots and cap of the god Hermes and armed with a sickle-sword.
[1.1] STHENELOS (Homer Iliad 19.97)
[1.1] PERSES, ALKAIOS, STHENELOS, HELEIOS, MESTOR, ELEKTRYON, GORGOPHONE (by Andromeda) (Apollodorus 2.49)
[1.3] PERSES (by Andromeda) (Herodotus 7.61.1)
[1.4] GORGOPHONE (Pausanias 3.1.4, 4.2.4, 2.21.7)
[1.5] KYNOUROS (Pausanias 3.2.2)
[1.6] ELEKTYRON (Diodorus Siculus 4.9.1)
[1.2] ALKAIOS, STHENELOS, AELIOS, MESTOR, ELEKTRYON (by Andromeda) (Scholiast on Hom. Il. 19.115)
[1.3] ALKAIOS, STHENELOS, MESTOR, ELEKTRYON (by Andromeda) (Scholiast on Apoll. Rhod. 1.147)
Feud of Akrisios & Proitos
Danae & the Golden Shower
Quest for the Gorgon's Head
The Petrification of Atlas
Andromeda & the Sea-Monster
The Return of Perseus
War Against Dionysos
The Death of Perseus
Children & Descendants
Hero Cult of Perseus
Historical Miscellany
PERSEUS (Perseus). The famous Argive hero, was a son of Zeus and Danae, and a grandson of Acrisius (Hom. Il. xiv. 310; Hes. Scut. Herc. 229). Acrisius, who had no male issue, consulted the Pythian oracle, and received the answer, that if Danae should give birth to a son, he would kill his father. Acrisius, accordingly, shut up his daughter in a subterraneous apartment, made of brass or stone (Soph. Ant. 947; Lycoph. 838 ; Horat. Carm. iii. 16). But Zeus having metamorphosed himself into a shower of gold, came down upon her through the roof of the apartment, and became by her the father of Perseus. From this circumstance Perseus is sometimes called chrusopatros or aurigena (Lycoph. 838; Ov. Met. v. 250). When Acrisius discovered that Danaë had given birth to a son, he threw both mother and son into a chest, and put them out to sea; but Zeus caused the chest to land in the island of Seriphos, one of the Cyclades, where Dictys, a fisherman, found them, and carried them to his brother, king Polydectes. According to a later or Italian tradition, the chest was carried to the coast of Italy, where king Pilumnus married Danaë, and founded Ardea (Virg. Aen. vii. 410; Serv. ad Aen. vii. 372); or Danaë is said to have come to Italy with two sons, Argus and Argeus, whom she had by Phineus, and took up her abode on the spot where Rome was afterwards built (Serv. ad Aen. viii. 345). But, according to the common story, Polydectes, king of Seriphos, made Danae his slave, and courted her favour, but in vain; and in order to obtain the undisturbed possession of her, he sent off Perseus, who had in the meantime grown up to manhood, to the Gorgons, to fetch the head of Medusa, which he said he would give to Hippodameia as a wedding present (Tzetz. ad Lyc. 838). Another account again states that Polydectes married Danaë, and caused Perseus to be brought up in the temple of Athena. When Acrisius learnt this, he went to Polydectes, who, however, interfered on behalf of the boy, and the latter promised not to kill his grandfather. Acrisius. however, was detained in Seriphos by storms, and during that time Polydectes died. During the funeral gaines the wind carried a disk thrown by Perseus against the head of Acrisius, and killed him, whereupon Perseus proceeded to Argos and took possessions of the kingdom of his grandfather (Hygin. Fab. 63). But to return to the common tradition, Athena, with whom Medusa had ventured to contend for the prize of beauty, first showed to Perseus the head of Gorgo in images, near the town of Diecterion in Samos, and advised him to be unconcerned about the two immortal Gorgons, Stheno and Euryale. Perseus then went first to the Graeae, the sisters of the Gorgons, took from them their one tooth and their one eye, and did not restore them to the Graeae until they showed him the way to the nymphs; or he cast the tooth and the eye into lake Triton, so that the Graeae were no longer able to guard the Gorgons (Hygin. Poet. Astr. ii. 12). The nymphs provided Perseus with winged sandals, a bag, and the helmet of Hades, which rendered him invisible, Hermes with a sickle, and Athena with a mirror (Hes. Scut. Her. 220, 222 ; Eurip. Elect. 460; Anthol. Palat. ix. 557; comp. Hygin. Poet. Astr. ii. 12; Theon, ad Arat. p. 29). Being thus armed, he went to the Gorgons, who dwelt near Tartessus on the coast of the Ocean, whose heads were covered, like those of serpents, with scales, and who had large tusks like boars, brazen hands, and golden wings. He found them asleep, and cut off the head of Medusa, looking at her figure through the mirror, for a look at the monster herself would have changed him into stone. Perseus put her head into the bag which he carried on his back, and as he went away, he was pursued by the winged Gorgons (Hes. Scut. Here. 230 ; Paus. v. 118. § 1). On his return he visited Aethiopia, where he saved and married Andromeda, by whom he became the father of Perses, whom he left with Cepheus. During this journey Perseus is also said to have come to the Hyperboreans, by whom he was hospitably received (Pind. Pyth. x. 50), and to Atlas, whom, by the head of Gorgo, he changed into the mountain of the same name (Ov. Met. iv. 655; Serv. ad Aen. iv. 246). Phineus, the brother of Cepheus, was likewise changed into stone, and when Perseus returned to Seriphos he found his mother with Dictys in the temple, whither she had fled from the embraces of Polydectes. Perseus found the latter at a repast, and metamorphosed him and all his guests, and, some say, the whole island, into stone (Pind. Pyth. xii. 21; Strab. x. p. 487), and presented the kingdom to Dictys. Perseus then gave the winged sandals and the helmet to Hermes, who restored them to the nymphs and to Hades, and Athena received the head of Gorgo, which was put on the shield or breast-plate of the goddess. Hereupon Perseus went to Argos, accompanied by Cyclopes, skilled in building (Schol. ad Eurip. Or. 953), by Danaë, and Andromeda. Acrisius, remembering the oracle, escaped to Larissa, in the country of the Pelasgians; but Perseus followed him, in order to persuade him to return (Paus. ii. 16. § 6). Some writers state that Perseus, on his return to Argos. found Proetus who had expelled his brother Acrisius, in possession of the kingdom (Ov. Met. v. 236, &c.); Perseus slew Proetus, and was afterwards killed by Megapenthes, the son of Proetus, who avenged the death of his father. (Hygin. Fab. 244.) Some again relate that Proetus was expelled, and went to Thebes. (Schol. ad Eurip. Phoen. 1109.) But the common tradition goes on thus: when Teutamidas, king of Larissa, celebrated games in honour of his guest Acrisius, Perseus, who took part in them, accidentally hit the foot of Acrisius, and thus killed him. Acrisius was buried outside the city of Larissa, and Perseus, leaving the kingdom of Argos to Megapenthes, the son of Proetus, received from him in exchange the government of Tiryns. According to others, Perseus remained in Argos, and successfully opposed the introduction of the Bacchic orgies. (Paus. ii. 20. § 3, 22. § 1 ; comp. Nonn. Dionys. xxxi. 25.) Perseus is said to have founded the towns of Mideia and Mycenae. (Paus. ii. 15. § 4.) By Andromeda he became the father of Alcaeus, Sthenelus, Heleius, Mestor, Electryon, Gorgophone, and Autochthe, (Apollod. ii. 4. §§ 1-5; Tzetz. ad Lyc. 494, 838; Ov. Met. iv. 606, &c.; Schol. ad Apollon. Rhod. iv. 1091.) Perseus was worshipped as a hero in several places, e.g. between Argos and Mycenae, in Seriphos, and at Athens, where he had an altar in common with Dictys and Clymene. (Paus. ii. 18. § 1.) Herodotus (ii. 91) relates that a temple and a statue of Perseus existed at Chemnis in Egypt, and that the country was blessed whenever he appeared.
Source: Dictionary of Greek and Roman Biography and Mythology.
ABAS, King of Argos, grandson of Danaus, and a descendant of Io
AKRISIOS (Acrisius), King of Argos, grandfather of Perseus
PROITOS (Proeteus), King of Tiryns, feuding twin brother of Akrisios
IOBATES or Amphianax, King of Lykia, father-in-law of Proitos
STHENEBOIA or Anteia, daughter of Iobates, wife of Proitos
KYKLOPES (Cyclopes), one-eyed giants who built the walls of Tiryns
ARGOS, a kingdom in the Greek Peloponnese, and its chief town
TIRYNS, a fortified town in Argos
LYKIA (Lycia), a kingdom on the Aegean coast of Anatolia (Turkey)
Pseudo-Apollodorus, Bibliotheca 2. 24 - 25 (trans. Aldrich) (Greek mythographer C2nd A.D.) :
"Abas [king of Argos] and Aglaia, daughter of Mantineus, had twin sons Akrisios and Proitos. These two were at odds with each other while still in the womb, and when they had grown they warred over the kingdom. In the course of fighting they became the first to develop the use of shields. Akrisios won and drove Proitos out of Argos. Proitos made his way to Iobates, or, according to some, to Amphianax in Lykia, and married his daughter, whom Homeros calls Anteia, although the tragic poets call her Stheneboia. Proitos' father-in-law with the Lykian army conducted him home again, where he seized Tiryns, which had been walled for him by the Kyklopes. The two brothers then split up all of Argeia between them and settled down, Akrisios lord of Argos, and Proitos lord of Tiryns."
Pausanias, Description of Greece 2. 16. 2 - 3 (trans. Jones) (Greek travelogue C2nd A.D.) :
"The sons of Abas, the son of Lynkeus, divided the kingdom between themselves; Akrisios remained where he was at Argos, and Proitos took over the Heraaion (Temple of Hera), Mideia, Tiryns, and the Argive coast region. Traces of the residence of Proitos in Tiryns remain to the present day."
AKRISIOS (Acrisius), King of Argos, father of Danae, grandfather of Perseus
EURYDIKE (Eurydice), wife of Akrisios, grandmother of Perseus
PROITOS (Proetus), King of
Tiryns, feuding twin-brother of Akrisios
DANAE, an Argive princess, daughter of Akrisios, mother of Perseus by Zeus
ZEUS, King of the Gods
DIKTYS, a fisherman of the island Seriphos, foster-father of Perseus
KLYMENE, wife of Diktys
SEILENOS (Silenus), a rustic god, leader of the Satyrs
ARGOS, a kingdom in the Greek Peloponnese and its chief town
SERIPHOS, Island in the Aegean sea, south of mainland Greece
Pseudo-Apollodorus, Bibliotheca 2. 26 & 34 (trans. Aldrich) (Greek mythographer C2nd A.D.) :
"To Akrisios and Eurydike, Lakedaimon's daughter, was born a daughter Danae . . . While Akrisios was making oracular inquiry into the problem of fathering sons, the god informed him that a son born of his daughter would slay him. In fear Akrisios constructed a bronze chamber beneath the earth, where he kept Danae under guard. Now some say that Proitos seduced her, which led to the hard feelings between the brothers, but others say that Zeus had sex with her by changing himself into gold that streamed in through the ceiling and down into her womb. When Akrisios later learned that she had given birth to Perseus, not believing that Zeus seduced her, he cast his daughter out to sea with her son on an ark. The ark drifted ashore at Seriphos, where Diktys recovered the child and brought him up."
Pseudo-Hyginus, Fabulae 63 (trans. Grant) (Roman mythographer C2nd A.D.) :
"Danae was the daughter of Acrisius and Aganippe. A prophecy about her said that the child she bore would kill Acrisius, and Acrisius, fearing this, shut her in a stone-walled prison. But Jove [Zeus], changing into a shower of gold, lay with Danae, and from this embrace Perseus was born. Because of her sin her father shut her up in a chest with Perseus and cast it into the sea. By Jove's [Zeus'] will it was borne to the island of Seriphus, and when the fisherman Dictys found it and broke it open, he discovered the mother and child. He took them to King Polydectes, who married Danae and brought up Perseus in the temple of Minerva [Athena]."
The story of Danae was told in lost plays by Aeschylus, The Net-Draggers, Euripides, Danae, and Sophocles, Danae.
Homer, Iliad 14. 319 ff (trans. Lattimore) (Greek epic C8th B.C.) :
"Zeus who gathers the clouds answered her [Hera] : `. . . Never before has love for any goddess or woman so melted about the heart inside me, broken it to submission, as now: not that time . . . when I loved Akrisios' daughter sweet-stepping Danaë, who bore Perseus to me, preeminent among all men."
Pindar, Pythian Ode 12. 16 ff (trans. Conway) (Greek lyric C5th B.C.) :
"[Perseus] that son of Danaë . . . he who, men tell, was from a flowing stream of gold betotten."
Aeschylus, The Net-Draggers (lost satyr play) (Greek tragedy C5th B.C.) :
The first play of Aeschylus' Perseus trilogy, The Net-Draggers (or Diktyoulkoi) was a satyr-play which described the arrival of the chest containing Danae and her infant son Perseus on the island of Seriphos. The Net-draggers of the title were the Satyrs who fished the chest to shore.
Aeschylus, Fragment 274 The Net-Draggers (from Papyri) (trans. Lloyd-Jones) :
[Diktys sights the chest containing Danae in the sea and summon the Satyrs to help him drag it ashore. N.B. It is not clear who Diktys is talking with.]
"? : Can you see . . ?
Diktys : I can see. . .
? : What do you want me to look out for? . .
Diktys : In case anywhere . . in the sea. . .
? : Not a sign; so far as I can see, the sea's a mill-pond.
Diktys : Look now at the crannies of the cliffs by the shore.
? : All right, I'm looking. . . Good Lord, what am I to call this! Is it a monster of the sea that meets my eyes, a grampus or a shark or a whale (ketos)? Lord Poseidon and Zeus of the deep, a fine gift to send up from the sea . . .!
Diktys : What gift of the sea does your net conceal? It's covered with seaweed like. . . Is it some warm-blooded creature? Or has the Old Man of the Islands [Nereus or Proteus] sent us something in a chest? How tremendously heavy it is! the work's not going ahead! I'll shout and raise an alarm. Hallo There! Farmers and ditchers, this way, all of you! Herdsmen and shepherds, anyone in the place! Coastal folk and all you other toilers of the sea!"
Aeschylus, Fragment 275 The Net-Draggers (from Papyri Oxyrhynchus) :
[Silenos and the Satyrs have dragged the chest containing Danae and her baby Perseus ashore. Silenos offers her refuge in competition with Diktys, but his Satyr-sons threaten to violate her :]
"Silenos :
I call upon . . (lacuna) and the gods to witness what I now proclaim to the whole company. But whatever you [Danae] do, don't rush recklessly away from us; understand at last and accept me as a most kindly protector and supporter. Why, look, the boy [Perseus] is greeting me with friendly words, as he would his respected grandmother. Won't he always be the same towards me, as time goes on?
Danae : Rivers of Argos and gods of my fathers, and you, Zeus, who bring my ordeal to such an end! Will you give me to these beasts [Silenos and the lusty Satyrs], so that they may outrage me with their savage onslaughts, or so that I endure in captivity the worst of tortures? Anyhow, I shall escape. Shall I then knot myself a noose, applying a desperate remedy against this torture, so that no one may put me to sea again, neither a lascivious beast nor a father? No, I am afraid to! Zeus, send me some help in this plight, I beg you! for you were guilty of the greater fault, but it is I who have paid the full penalty. I call upon you to set things right! You have heard all I have to say.
Chorus [of Satyrs] : Look, the little one [Perseus] is smiling sweetly as he looks on his [Silenos'] shining raddled bald pate. . .
Silenos : . . (lacuna) if I don't rejoice in the sight of you. Damnation take Diktys, who is trying to cheat me of this prize behind my back! [To Perseus.] Come here, my dearie! [He makes chuckling noises.] Don't be frightened! Why are you whimpering? Over here to my sons, so that you can come to my protecting arms, dear boy--I'm so kind--, and you can find pleasure in the martens and fawns and the young porcupines, and can make a third in bed with your mother and with me your father. And daddy shall give, the little one his fun. And you shall lead a healthy life, so that one day, when you've grown strong, you yourself--for your father's losing his grip on his fawn-killing footwork--you yourself shall catch beasts without a spear, and shall give them to your mother for dinner, after the fashion of her husband's family, amongst whom you'll be earning your keep.
Chorus [of Satyrs] : Come now, dear fellows, let us go and hurry on the marriage [with Danae], for the time is ripe for it and without words speaks for it. Why, I see that already the bride is eager to enjoy our love to the full. No wonder: she spent a long time wasting away all lonely in the ship beneath the foam. Well, now that she has before her eyes our youthful vigour, she rejoices and exults; such is the bridegroom that by the bright gleam of Aphrodite's torches."
Euripides, Danae (lost play) (Greek tragedy C5th B.C.) :
The Greek tragedian Euripides wrote a play describing the story of Danae.
Sophocles, Danae (lost play) (Greek tragedy C5th B.C.) :
Sophocles followed Aeschylus and Euripides with his Danae.
Herodotus, Histories 6. 53 (trans. Godley) (Greek historian C5th B.C.) :
"The Greeks recount these kings of the Dorians as far back as Perseus son of Danae--they make no mention of the god [Zeus as father of Perseus]--and prove these kings to be Greek; for by that time they had come to be classified as Greeks. I said as far back as Perseus, and I took the matter no further than that, because no one is named as the mortal father of Perseus, as Amphitryon is named father of Herakles . . . Danae [was the] daughter of Akrisios."
Herodotus, Histories 7. 61 :
"Perseus son of Danae and Zeus."
Apollonius Rhodius, Argonautica 4. 1090 ff (trans. Seaton) (Greek epic C3rd B.C.) :
"For fathers are all too jealous against their children . . . What woes did Danae endure on the wide sea through her sire's mad rage!"
Lycophron, Alexandra 838 (trans. Mair) (Greek poet C3rd B.C.) :
"The eagle son [Perseus] of the golden Sire."
Strabo, Geography 10. 5. 10 (trans. Jones) (Greek geographer C1st B.C. to C1st A.D.) :
"Seriphos, the scene of the mythical story of Diktys, who with his net drew to land the chest in which were enclosed Perseus and his mother Danae, who had been sunk in the sea by Akrisios the father of Danae; for Perseus was reared there."
Pausanias, Description of Greece 2. 18. 1 (trans. Jones) (Greek travelogue C2nd A.D.) :
"Diktys and Klymene, who are called the saviours of Perseus."
Pausanias, Description of Greece 2. 23. 7 :
"The Argives have other things worth seeing [in their town]; for instance, an underground building over which was the bronze chamber which Akrisios once made to guard his daughter. Perilaus [historical], however, when he became tyrant, pulled it down."
Diodorus Siculus, Library of History 4. 9. 1 (trans. Oldfather) (Greek historian C1st B.C.) :
"Perseus was the son of Danaê, the daughter of Akrisios, and Zeus."
Pseudo-Hyginus, Fabulae 155 (trans. Grant) (Roman mythographer C2nd A.D.) :
"Sons of Jove [Zeus] . . . Perseus by Danae, daughter of Acrisius."
Ovid, Metamorphoses 4. 607 ff (trans. Brookes More) (Roman epic C1st B.C. to C1st A.D.) :
"But Acrisius
the son of Abas, of the Cadmean race,
remained to banish Bacchus from the walls
of Argos, and to lift up hostile arms
against that deity, who he denied
was born to Jove. He would not even grant
that Perseus from the loins of Jupiter [Zeus]
was got of Danae in the showering gold. So mighty is the hidden power of truth,
Acrisius soon lamented that affront
to Bacchus, and that ever he refused
to own his grandson."
Ovid, Metamorphoses 4. 697 ff :
"I [Perseus], who am the son of Regal Jove [Zeus] and her whom he embraced in showers of gold, leaving her pregnant in her brazen cell."
Ovid, Metamorphoses 5. 11 :
"Jupiter [Zeus], dissolved in showers of imitation gold."
Ovid, Metamorphoses 5. 250 :
"[Perseus] her [Athena's] gold-begotten brother."
Ovid, Metamorphoses 6. 113 :
"He [Zeus] courted lovely Danae
luring her as a gleaming shower of gold."
Ovid, Metamorphoses 11. 117 ff :
"When he [Midas of the golden-touch] washed
his hands in liquid streams, the lustrous drops
upon his hands might have been those which once
astonished Danae."
Nonnus, Dionysiaca 7. 110 ff (trans. Rouse) (Greek epic C5th A.D.) :
"Eros . . . took out the divine quiver, in which were kept apart twelve firefed arrows for Zeus, when his desire turned towards one or another of mortal women for a bride. Right on the back of his quiver of lovebolts he had engraved with letters of gold a sentence in verse for each . . . `The fourth shall call to Danaë a golden bed-companion.'"
Nonnus, Dionysiaca 8. 124 ff :
"Zeus and his rain did not sleep a second time with Danaë; after the seals of the ironbound prison the bride went a-sailing and had to blame her golden wedding for her lovegift of the brine--her hutch sailing with her on the sea floated where the shifting winds did blow!"
Nonnus, Dionysiaca 8. 286 ff :
"By Danaë's opulent wooing I pray, grant me this grace . . . I too should have been glad to see a wedding of gold, Zeus of the Rain, if the mother of Perseus had not first stolen that honour from thee."
PERSEUS, the hero, son of Zeus and Danae
DANAE, mother of Perseus
DIKTYS (Dictys), a fisherman of Seriphos, foster-father of Perseus
POLYDEKTES (Polydectes), King of Seriphos
OINOMAOS (Oenomaus), King of Pisa in Elis, killed the suitors of his daughter in a chariot race
HIPPODAMEIA, daughter of Oinomaos, (her daughters would one day marry Perseus' sons)
MEDOUSA (Medusa), one of the Gorgones, the only mortal sister
GORGONES (Gorgons), three monstrous women with serpent-hair, wings, and claws
PHORKIDES or GRAIAI (Graeae), three old sea hags, sisters of the Gorgones
NYMPHAI (Nymphs), three beautiful maidens, keepers of the treasures of the gods
HERMES, God of Travellers, helpmate of Perseus
ATHENE, Goddess Patron of Heroes, helpmate of Perseus
POSEIDON, God King of the Sea, lover of Medousa
PEGASOS, winged horse, born from Medousa's neck
KHRYSAOR (Chrysaor), a giant, born from Medousa's neck
SERIPHOS, Island in the Aegean sea, south of mainland Greece
ERYTHEIA, Island of the Gorgones, either in the Red Sea or Atlantic Ocean opposite North Africa
SARPEDON or KISTHENE, Island of the Gorgones, in the Red Sea, between Africa and Arabia
LIBYA, Greek name for the continent of Africa
Pseudo-Apollodorus, Bibliotheca 2. 36 - 42 (trans. Aldrich) (Greek mythographer C2nd A.D.) :
"The ruler of Seriphos was Polydektes, Diktys' brother. He fell in love with Danae, but was unable to have sex with her, now that Perseus was a grown man, so he got together his friends, Perseus among them, and told them he was collecting contributions to offer for the hand of Hippodameia, daughter of Oinomaos. He asked for horses from the others, but, because he got no horses from Perseus and because Perseus had said that he would not deny Polydektes even the Gorgo's head, he assigned him the task of fetching that very object.
So with Hermes and Athene as his guides Perseus sought out the Phorkides (daughters of Phorkys), who were named Enyo, Pephredo, and Deino. The three of them possessed only one eye and one tooth among them, which they took turns using. Perseus appropriated these and when they demanded them back, he said he would return them after they had directed him to the Nymphai. These Nymphai had in their possession winged sandals and the kibisis, which they say was a knapsack. (Pindaros and Hesiodos in the Shield of Herakles, describe Perseus as follows : `The head of a terrible monster, Gorgo, covered all his back, and a kibisis held it.' It is called a kibisis because clothing and food are placed in it.). They also had the helmet of Haides. When the Phorkides had led Perseus to the Nymphai, he returned them their tooth and eye. Approaching the Nymphai he received what he had come for, and he flung on the kibisis, tied the sandals on his ankles, and placed the helmet on his head. With the helmet on he could see whomever he cared to look at, but was invisible to others.
Perseus took flight and made his way to the Okeanos, where he found the Gorgones sleeping. Their names were Stheno, Euryale, and the third was Medousa, the only mortal one : thus it was her head that Perseus was sent to bring back. The Gorgones' heads were entwined with the horny scales of serpents, and they had big tusks like hogs, bronze hands, and wings of gold on which they flew. All who looked at them were turned to stone. Perseus, therefore, with Athena guiding his hand, kept his eyes on the reflection in a bronze shield as he stood over the sleeping Gorgones, and when he saw the image of Medousa, he beheaded her. (As soon as her head was severed there leaped from her body the winged horse Pegasos and Khrysaor, the father of Geryon. The father of these two was Poseidon.) Perseus then placed the head in the kibisis and headed back again, as the Gorgones pursued him through the air. But the helmet kept him hidden, and made it impossible for them to identify him."
Pseudo-Hyginus, Astronomica 2. 13 (trans. Grant) (Roman mythographer C2nd A.D.) :
"He is said to have come to the stars because of his nobility and the unusual nature of his conception. When sent by Polydectes, son of Magnes, to the Gorgones, he received from Mercurius [Hermes], who is thought to have loved him, talaria and petasus, and, in addition, a helmet which kept its wearer from being seen by an enemy. So the Greeks have called it the helmet of Haides [the Unseen], though Perseus did not, as some ignorant people interpret it, wear the helmet of Orcus [Haides] himself, for no educated person could believe that. He is said, too, to have received from Vulcanus [Hephaistos] a knife made of adamant, with which he killed Medusa the Gorgon. The deed itself no one has described. But as Aeschylus, the writer of tragedies, says in his Phorcides, the Graeae were guardians of the Gorgons. We wrote about them in the first book of the Genealogiae. They are thought to have had but one eye among them, and thus to have kept guard, watch one taking it in her turn. This eye Perseus snatches, as one was passing it to another, and threw is in Lake Tritonis. So, when the guards were blinded, he easily killed the Gorgon when she was overcome with sleep. Minerva [Athena] is said to have the head on her breastplate. Euhemerus says the Gorgon was killed by Minerva."
This part of Perseus' story of Perseus was the theme of a number of lost plays, including a Perseus by Pratinus of Phlius, a Phorcides by Aeschylus, a Dictys by Euripides, a Perseus by Aristias of Phlius, and a Phorcides by Timocles of Athens.
Hesiod, Theogony 274 ff (trans. Evelyn-White) (Greek epic C8th or C7th B.C.) :
"Gorgones who dwell beyond glorious Okeanos in the frontier land towards Night where are the clear-voiced Hesperides, Sthenno, and Euryale, and Medousa who suffered a woeful fate: she was mortal, but the two were undying and grew not old. With her lay the Dark-haired One [Poseidon] in a soft meadow amid spring flowers. And when Perseus cut off her head, there sprang forth great Khrysaor and the horse Pegasos who is so called because he was born near the springs (pegae) of Okeanos."
Hesiod, Shield of Heracles 216 ff (trans. Evelyn-White) (Greek epic C8th or C7th B.C.) :
"[Amongst the scenes depicted on the shield of Herakles :] There, too, was the son of rich-haired Danae, the horseman Perseus: his feet did not touch the shield and yet were not far from it--very marvellous to remark, since he was not supported anywhere; for so did the famous Lame One [Hephaistos] fashion him of gold with his hands. On his feet he had winged sandals, and his black-sheathed sword was slung across his shoulders by a cross-belt of bronze. He was flying swift as thought. The head of a dreadful monster, the Gorgo, covered the broad of his back, and a bag of silver--a marvel to see--contained it: and from the bag bright tassels of gold hung down. Upon the head of the hero lay the dread cap of Aides which had the awful gloom of night. Perseus himself, the son of Danae, was at full stretch, like one who hurries and shudders with horror. And after him rushed the Gorgones, unapproachable and unspeakable, longing to seize him : as they trod upon the pale adamant, the shield rang sharp and clear with a loud clanging. Two serpents hung down at their girdles with heads curved forward: their tongues were flickering, and their teeth gnashing with fury, and their eyes glaring fiercely. And upon the awful heads of the Gorgones great Phobos (Fear) was quaking."
Pindar, Pythian Ode 12. 8 ff (trans. Conway) (Greek lyric C5th B.C.) :
"The art that long ago Pallas Athene invented [the flute], weaving in music's rich refrain the ghoulish dirge of the fierce-heareted Gorgones. From those dread maidens' lips was heard streaming, and from those writhing serpent heads untouchable, whenPerseus o'er [Medousa] the third of those fell sisters launched his cry of triumph, and bropught fatal doom to Seriphos by the sea--doom for that isle and for her people. Yes, for he had made blind the grim offspring of Phorkys, and bitter the wedding-gift he brought to Polydektes, thus to end his mother's long slavery and enforced wedlock--that son of Danaë, who raped the head of the fair-cheeked Medousa; he who, men tell, was from a flowing stream of gold betotten. But when the goddess maid delivered from these labours the man she loved, then she contrived the manifold melodies of the flute, to make in music's notes an image of the shrill lamenting cries, strung from Euryale's ravening jaws. A goddess found, but finding, gave the strain to mortal men to hold, naming it the tune of many heads."
Pindar, Pythian Ode 10. 30 ff (trans. Conway) (Greek lyric C5th B.C.) :
"[To the gatherings of the Hyperborean people . . . It was with these that Perseus the warrior chief once feasted, entering their homes, and chanced upon their sacrifices unto the god, those famous offerings of hecatombs of asses; for in their banquets and rich praise Apollon greatly delights . . . They dwell secure from fate's remorseless vengeance. There with the breath of courage in his heart, unto that gathering of happy men, by guidance of Athene, came long ago the son of Danaë, Perseus, who slew the Gorgo."
[N.B. Perseus travelled to the mythical land of the Hyperboreans in search of Nymphai who possessed three magical treasures required for his task : the winged boots, the curved sword, and the kibisis or sack.]
Aeschylus, Phorcides (lost play) (Greek tragedy C5th B.C.) :
The Phorcides was the second of a trilogy of plays describing the story of Perseus. The plot revolved around Perseus' quest for the head of Medousa. The Graiai (or Grey Ones), sisters of the Gorgones, formed the chorus.
Aeschylus, Fragment 145 Phorcides (from Athenaeus, Deipnosophists ix. 65) (trans. Weir Smyth) (Greek tragedy C5th B.C.) :
"[Perseus enters the cave of the Gorgones :] Into the cave he rushed like a wild boar."
Euripides, Alcestis 511 ff (trans. Vellacott) (Greek tragedy C5th B.C.) :
"He turns away as he reaches out his hand behind him and grasps her hand. There, I stretch it out, as if I were cutting off a Gorgo's head." - Euripides, Alcestis 511
Lycophron, Alexandra 838 ff (trans. Mair) (Greek poet C3rd B.C.) :
"The harvester who delivered of her pains in birth of horse and man the stony-eyed weasel whose children sprang from her neck. Fashioning men as statues from top to toe he shall envelop them in stone--he that stole the lamp of his three wandering guides."
[N.B. the harvester" is Perseus ; "the weasel" Medousa ; "the horse and man" Pegasos and Khrysaor ; "the wandering guides" the Graiai.]
Quintus Smyrnaeus, Fall of Troy 10. 190 ff (trans. Way) (Greek epic C4th A.D.) :
"[Amongst the scenes depicted on the quiver of Herakles :] There Perseus slew Medousa gorgon-eyed by the stars' baths and utmost bounds of earth and fountains of deep-flowing Okeanos, where night in the far west meets the setting sun."
Pausanias, Description of Greece 3. 17. 3 (trans. Jones) (Greek travelogue C2nd A.D.) :
"On the bronze [of the temple of Athene of the Bronze House] are wrought in relief many [images] . . . There are also represented Nymphai bestowing upon Perseus, who is starting on his enterprise against Medousa in Libya, a cap and the shoes by which he was to be carried through the air."
Pausanias, Description of Greece 1. 23. 7 :
"I remember looking at other things also on the Athenian Akropolis . . . [including] Myron's Perseus after beheading Medusa."
Pausanias, Description of Greece 2. 27. 2 :
"On the seat [of Asklepios at Epidauros in Argolis] are wrought in relief the exploits of Argive heroes, that of Bellerophontes against the Chimaera, and Perseus, who has cut off the head of Medousa."
Pausanias, Description of Greece 3. 18. 11 :
"[Amongst the reliefs on the throne of Apollon at Amyklai in Lakedaimonia :] Perseus, too, is represented killing Medousa."
Pausanias, Description of Greece 5. 18. 5 :
"[Amongst the reliefs carved into the chest of Kypselos at Olympia :} The sisters of Medousa, with wings, are chasing Perseus, who is flying. Only Perseus has his name inscribed on him."
Pausanias, Guide to Greece 2. 21. 5 - 6 :
[The following account is a late Greek rationalisation of the Medousa myth :]
"Not far from the building in the market-place of Argos is a mound of earth, in which they say lies the head of the Gorgon Medousa. I omit the miraculous, but give the rational parts of the story about her. After the death of her father, Phorkys, she reigned over those living around Lake Tritonis, going out hunting and leading the Libyans to battle. On one such occasion, when she was encamped with an army over against the forces of Perseus, who was followed by picked troops from the Peloponnesos, she was assassinated by night. Perseus, admiring her beauty even in death, cut off her head and carried it to show the Greeks.
But Prokles, the son of Eukrates, a Carthaginian, thought a different account more plausible than the preceding. It is as follows. Among the incredible monsters to be found in the Libyan desert are wild men and wild women. Prokles affirmed that he had seen a man from them who had been brought to Rome. So he guessed that a woman wandered from them, reached Lake Tritonis, and harried the neighbours until Perseus killed her; Athena was supposed to have helped him in this exploit, because the people who live around Lake Tritonis are sacred to her."
Diodorus Siculus, Library of History 3. 52. 4 (trans. Oldfather) (Greek historian C1st B.C.) :
"[Diodorus attempts a rational explanation of the Gorgon-myth, cf. Pausanias above :] Now there have been in Libya a number of races of women who were warlike and greatly admired for their manly vigour; for instance, tradition tells us of the race of the Gorgones, against whom, as the account is given, Perseus made war, a race distinguished for its valour; for the fact that it was the son of Zeus, the mightiest Greek of his day, who accomplished the campaign against these women, and that this was his greatest Labour may be taken by any man as proof of both the pre-eminence and the power of the women we have mentioned. Furthermore, the manly prowess of those of whom we are now about to write presupposes an amazing pre-eminence when compared with the nature of the women of our day. [Diodorus then goes on to describe a legendary tribe of Libyan Amazon-women.]"
Diodorus Siculus, Library of History 4. 40. 2 :
"Perseus and certain others had gained glory which was held in everlasting remembrance from the campaigns which they had waged in foreign lands and the hazard attending the labours they had performed."
Ovid, Metamorphoses 4. 697 ff (trans. Brookes More) (Roman epic C1st B.C. to C1st A.D.) :
"I, Perseus, who destroyed the Gorgon, wreathed with snake-hair, I, who dared on waving wings to cleave etherial air."
Ovid, Metamorphoses 4. 769 ff :
"One of the dinner-companions [at the wedding of Perseus and Andromeda] asked in turn, `Now, valiant Perseus, pray tell the story of the deed, that all may know, and what the arts and power prevailed, when you
struck off the serpent-covered head.'
`There is,'
continued Perseus of the house of Agenor, `There is a spot beneath cold Atlas, where
in bulwarks of enormous strength, to guard
its rocky entrance, dwelt two sisters, born
of Phorcys. These were wont to share in turn
a single eye between them: this by craft
I got possession of, when one essayed
to hand it to the other.--I put forth
my hand and took it as it passed between:
then, far, remote, through rocky pathless crags,
over wild hills that bristled with great woods,
I thence arrived to where the Gorgon dwelt. Along the way, in fields and by the roads,
I saw on all sides men and animals--like statues--turned to flinty stone at sight
of dread Medusa's visage. Nevertheless
reflected on the brazen shield, I bore
upon my left, I saw her horrid face. When she was helpless in the power of sleep
and even her serpent-hair was slumber-bound,
I struck, and took her head sheer from the neck.--To winged Pegasus the blood gave birth,
his brother also, twins of rapid wing.'
So did he speak, and truly told besides
the perils of his journey, arduous
and long--He told of seas and lands that far
beneath him he had seen, and of the stars
that he had touched while on his waving wings."
Ovid, Metamorphoses 5. 250 ff :
"Through all these mighty deeds Pallas, Minerva [Athena], had availed to guide her gold-begotten brother [Perseus]."
Propertius, Elegies 3. 22 (trans. Goold) (Roman elegy C1st B.C.) :
"The Gorgon's head which the hand of Perseus severed."
Statius, Thebaid 1. 544 ff (trans. Mozley) (Roman epic C1st A.D.) :
"Thereon [a cup] was embossed work of images: all golden, a winged youth [Perseus] holds the snake-tressed Gorgon's severed head, and even upon the moment--so it seems--leaps up into the wandering breeze; she almost moves her heavy eyes and dropping head, and even grows pale in the living gold."
Valerius Flaccus, Argonautica 1. 68 (trans. Mozley) (Roman epic C1st A.D.) :
"Had he but Perseus' winged sandals."
Nonnus, Dionysiaca 24. 270 ff (trans. Rouse) (Greek epic C5th A.D.) :
"Nimbleknee Perseus, waving his winged feet, held his course near the clouds, a wayfarer pacing through the air . . . He crept up on tiptoe, keeping his footfall noiseless, and with hollowed hand and robber's fist caught the roving eye of Phorkys' unsleeping daughter [the Graia], then shore off the snaky swathe of one Medousa, while her womb was still burdened and swollen with young, still in foal of Pegasos; what good if the sickle played the part of childbirth Eileithyia, and reaped the neck of the pregnant Gorgon, firstfruits of a horsebreeding neck? There was no battle when swiftshoe Perseus lifted the lifeless token of victory, the snaky sheaf of Gorgon hair, relics of the head dripping drops of blood, gently wheezing a half-heard hiss through the severed throats . . . Perseus fled with flickering wings trembling at the hiss of mad Sthenno's hairy snakes, although he bore the cap of Haides and the sickle of Pallas [Athena], with Hermes' wings though Zeus was his father; he sailed a fugitive on swiftest shoes, listening for no trumpet but Euryale's bellowing--having despoiled a little Libyan hole!"
Nonnus, Dionysiaca 25. 64 ff :
"He [Perseus] laid ambush for the sentinel eye of Phorkys, the ball of the sleepless eye that passed from hand to hand, giving each her share under the wing of sleep in turn."
Nonnus, Dionysiaca 26. 52 :
"The round island of the Graiai [lay somewhere beyond India]."
Nonnus, Dionysiaca 30. 264 ff :
"Have you set foot in Libya? Have you had the task of Perseus? Have you seen the eye of Sthenno which turns all to stone, or the bellowing invincible throat of Euryale herself? Have you seen the tresses of viperhair Medousa, and have the open mouths of her tangled serpents run round you? . . . Akrisios' daughter [Danae] bore the Gorgonslayer, a son worthy of my Zeus, for winged Perseus did not throw down my [Athena's] sickle, and he thanked Hermeias for lending his shoes . . . the Hesperides sing him who cut down Medousa."
Nonnus, Dionysiaca 31. 13 ff :
"Perseus was ferrying across to the thirsty stretches of Libya, swimming on his wings and circling in the air a quickfoot knee. He had taken the travelling eye of Phorkys' old one-eyed daughter unsleeping [the Graia]; he dived into the dangerous cave [of the Gorgones], reaped the hissing harvest by the rockside, the firstfruits of curling hair, sliced the Gorgon's teeming throat and stained his sickle red. He cut off the head and bathed a bloodstained in the viperish dew; then as Medousa was slain, the neck was delivered of its twin birth, the Horse [Pegasos] and the Boy [Khrysaor] with the golden sword."
Suidas s.v. Aidos kune (trans. Suda On Line) (Byzantine Greek Lexicon C10th A.D.) :
"Aidos kune (helmet of Hades) : A proverb [applied] to those concealing themselves with certain devices. For such was the helmet of Haides, which Perseus used when he killed the Gorgon."
Suidas s.v. Medousa :
"Medousa : She [who was] also called Gorgon. Perseus, the son of Danai and Pekos [Zeus], having learned all the mystic apparitions and wanting to establish for himself his own kingdom, despised that of the Medes [Persians]. And going through a great expanse of land he saw a virgin maiden, hideous and ugly, and turning aside [to speak] to her, he asked `what is your name?' And she said, `Medousa'. And cutting off her head he despatched her as he had been taught, and he hung it up, amazing and destroying all who saw it. The head he called Gorgon, because of its sheer force."
For MORE information on Medousa and her sisters see GORGONES and GRAIAI
ATLAS, Titan-god who held the heavens aloft on his shoulders, an ancestor of Perseus
Family Tree : Atlas – Taygeta – Lakedaimon – Eurydike – Danae – Perseus
LIBYA, Greek name for the continent of Africa
MT ATLAS, mountain range in North-West Africa, towards the Atlantic Ocean
GARDEN OF HESPERIDES, mythical garden in the far west where the golden apples grew
Apollonius Rhodius, Argonautica 4. 1505 ff (trans. Rieu) (Greek epic C3rd B.C.) :
"A fearsome snake lay in the [Libyan] sand, sheltering from the midday sun. It was too sluggish to attack a man who showed now wish to harm it, or to fly at anyone who shrank away. And yet, for any creature living on the face of Mother Earth, one drop of its black poison in his veins was short cut to the world below . . . For when the godlike Perseus, whom his mother called Eurymedon, flew over Libye brining the Gorgon's newly severed head to the king, every drop of dark blood that fell from it to the ground produced a brood of these serpents."
Ovid, Metamorphoses 4. 617 ff (trans. Brookes More) (Roman epic C1st B.C. to C1st A.D.) :
"So mighty is the hidden power of truth,
Acrisius soon lamented . . . that ever he refused
to own his grandson; for the one achieved
high heaven, and the other, (as he bore
the viperous monster-head) on sounding wings
hovered a conqueror in the fluent air,
over sands, Libyan, where the Gorgon-head
dropped clots of gore, that, quickening on the ground,
became unnumbered serpents; fitting cause
to curse with vipers that infested land.
Thence wafted by the never-constant winds
through boundless latitudes, now here now there,
as flits a vapour-cloud in dizzy flight,
down-looking from the lofty skies on earth,
removed far, so compassed he the world.
Three times did he behold the frozen Bears,
times thrice his gaze was on the Crab's bent arms.
Now shifting to the west, now to the east,
how often changed his course? Time came, when day
declining, he began to fear the night,
by which he stopped his flight far in the west--the realm of Atlas--where he sought repose
till Lucifer might call Aurora's [Eos'] fires;
Aurora chariot of the Day.
There dwelt
huge Atlas, vaster than the race of man:
son of Iapetus, his lordly sway
extended over those extreme domains,
and over oceans that command their waves
to take the panting coursers of the Sun,
and bathe the wearied Chariot of the Day. For him a thousand flocks, a thousand herds
overwandered pasture fields; and neighbour tribes
might none disturb that land. Aglint with gold
bright leaves adorn the trees,--boughs golden-wrought
bear apples of pure gold.
And Perseus spoke
to Atlas, `O my friend, if thou art moved
to hear the story of a noble race,
the author of my life is Jupiter [Zeus];
if valiant deeds perhaps are thy delight
mine may deserve thy praise.--Behold of thee
kind treatment I implore--a place of rest.'
But Atlas, mindful of an oracle
since by Themis, the Parnassian, told,
recalled these words, `O Atlas! mark the day
a son of Jupiter [Zeus] shall come to spoil;
for when thy trees been stripped of golden fruit,
the glory shall be his.'
Fearful of this,
Atlas had built solid walls around
his orchard, and secured a dragon, huge,
that kept perpetual guard, and thence expelled
all strangers from his land. Wherefore he said,
`Begone! The glory of your deeds is all
pretense; even Jupiter, will fail your need.'
With that he added force and strove to drive
the hesitating Alien from his doors;
who pled reprieve or threatened with bold words.
Although he dared not rival Atlas' might,
Perseus made this reply; `For that my love
you hold in light esteem, let this be yours.`
He said no more, but turning his own face,
he showed upon his left Medusa's head,
abhorrent features.--Atlas, huge and vast,
becomes a mountain--His great beard and hair
are forests, and his shoulders and his hands
mountainous ridges, and his head the top
of a high peak;--his bones are changed to rocks.
Augmented on all sides, enormous height
attains his growth; for so ordained it, ye,
O mighty Gods! who now the heavens' expanse
unnumbered stars, on him command to rest."


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Glycolysis and Cellular Respiration
Glycolysis and Cellular Respiration Terms
Get down with the lingo
Acetyl Coenzyme AThe compound that enters the citric acid cycle. Pyruvate is converted to acetyl coenzyme A in the transition step before the citric acid cycle. It is often shortened to acetyl-CoA. Try saying it five times fast.
Aerobic RespirationEnergy metabolism in the presence of oxygen. No leg warmers here.
Alcohol FermentationThe process of converting glucose to usable energy in the absence of oxygen, producing alcohol and carbon dioxide along the way. Bacteria and fungi undergo alcohol fermentation, so don't try this at home, folks. Actually, you can try it at home…by letting bread dough rise.
Anaerobic PathwayThe metabolic processes that happen without oxygen.
Adenosine TriphosphateThe end-all, be-all to a cell. Short for adenosine triphosphate, ATP is energy to a cell, and without energy, life is a no go. ATP is the main attraction in cellular respiration.
ATP SynthaseThe really awesome motor-like enzyme that makes ATP. If you forgot what an enzyme is, check it out.
Cellular RespirationThe thrilling, breath-taking process that brought you to this module. Cellular respiration is a way of extracting energy from food and making it useful to the cell. Cellular respiration involves a lot of oxidation and reduction reactions. Nuff said.
Chemical EnergyThe energy released in a chemical reaction.
Citric Acid CycleThe process that oxidizes acetyl coenzyme-A to energy-producing compounds.
Electron Transport ChainThe step-by-step process of removing electrons from NADH and FADH2 to power ATP synthesis.
EndosymbiosisThe engulfing of one small organism by a larger one that results in a mutually beneficial relationship. Mitochondria and chloroplasts evolved through embosymbiosis.
Energy CouplingThe pairing of an energy-releasing reaction with an energy-consuming reaction.
FADA trendy activity or article of clothing. Oh sorry, wrong glossary. FAD is also a compound that accepts electrons and is important to the citric acid cycle.
FermentationThe process of oxidizing glucose without oxygen.
GlycolysisThe first step in getting energy out of food. Glycolysis breaks one glucose molecule down into two molecules of pyruvate. Glycolysis happens in almost all organisms, and it can take place with or without oxygen. Here at Shmoop, we are pretty sure the U2 song "With or Without You" was really about glycolysis and oxygen.
Krebs CycleA synonym for the citric acid cycle. Why do biologists give one process multiple names? We'll never know. The name Krebs cycle pays homage to the man who discovered it, Hans Krebs.
Lactic Acid FermentationOne of the two types of fermentation. It converts glucose to ATP when oxygen is not present, and produces lactic acid in the process. We have lactic acid fermentation to thank for cheese and yogurt. (Thank you × 3, lactic acid fermentation!)
MetabolismThe name for the chemical reactions and processes that extract energy from food so that an organism can use it.
Mitochondrial MatrixThe inner chamber of a mitochondrion. The matrix is where the mitochondrion keeps all its dirty little secrets.
Nicotinamide Adenine Dinucleotide Ion (NAD+)An electron carrier used in the citric acid cycle, but it makes an appearance in the electron transport chain, too.
NADPHThe reduced form of NAD+, found in the citric acid cycle. It donates electrons to the electron transport chain. NADH is an "energy equivalent" in that it does not directly produce energy like ATP does; it causes ATP to be produced.
OxaloacetateThe first compound of any real importance in the citric acid cycle. Yay! The input, acetyl-CoA, joins with oxaloacetate for a spin around the citric acid cycle, which has four carbons and just happens to be the first and last compound of the cycle.
OxidationA reaction that causes the loss of an electron. Oxidation never leaves the house without reduction, though, so we always know where that electron went.
PhosphorylationThe addition of an inorganic phosphate to something. Often, adenosine diphosphate (ADP) is phosphorylated to become ATP.
PyruvateThe compound that glucose is oxidized to during glycolysis. One glucose molecule is converted into two pyruvate molecules.
ReductionA reaction that causes the gain of an electron. Like oxidation reactions, reduction reactions do not exist alone, so if one thing is being reduced, then something else is being oxidized…it just doesn't know it yet.
SynthaseAn enzyme (-ase) that links two molecules, like the frosting in an Oreo cookie.
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