text:
History of the Rise and Influence of the Spirit of Rationalism
in Europe
by W. E. H. Lecky
Footnotes to Chapter I
Second File
1:87. 'Fmina,' he assures us, is derived from Fe and minus, because women have less faith than men (p. 65). Maleficiendo is from male de tides entiendo. For diabolus we have a choice of most instructive derivations. It comes 'a dia quod est duo, et bolus quod est morsellus, quia duo occidit, scilicet corpus et animam. Et secundum etymologiam, licet Græce, interpretetur diabolus clausus ergastulo: et hoc sibi convenit cum non permittitur sibi nocere quantum veilet. Vel diabolus quasi defluens, quia defluxit, id est corruit, et specialiter et localiter' (p. 41). If the reader is curious in these matters, he will find another astounding instance of verbal criticism, which I do not venture to quote, in Bodin, Dem. p. 40.
1:89. The principal authority on these matters is a large collection of Latin works (in great part written by inquisitors), extending over about two centuries, and published under the title of Malleus Maleficarum (the title of Sprenger's book). It comprises the works of Sprenger, Nider, Basin, Molitor, Gerson, Murner, Spina, Laureutius, Bernardus, Vignitus, Grillandus, &c. I have noticed a great many other works in their places, and the reader may find reviews of many others in Madden and Planey.
1:91. On the universality of this belief, in an early stage of civilisation, see Buckle's History, vol. i. p. 346.
1:92. There can be little doubt that a considerable amount of poisoning was mixed up with the witch cases. In ages when medical knowledge was scanty, and post mortem examinations unknown, this crime was peculiarly dreaded and appeared peculiarly mysterious. On the other hand, it is equally certain that the witches constantly employed their knowledge of the property of herbs for the purpose of curing disease, and that they attained, in this respect, a skill which was hardly equalled by the regular practitioners. To the evidence which Michelet has collected on this matter, I may add a striking passage from Grillandus. 'Quandoque vero provenit febris, tussis, dementia, phthisis, hydropsis, aut aliqua tumefactio carnis in corpore, sive apostema extrinsecus apparens: quandoque vero intrinsece apud intestina aliquod apostema sit adeo terribile et incurabile quod nulla pars medicorum id sanare et removere potest, nisi accedat alius maleficus, sive sortilegus, qui contrariis medelis et remediis ægritudinem ipsam meleficam tollat, quam facile et brevi tempore removere potest, cæteri vero medici qui artem ipsius medicinæ profitentur nihil valent et nesciunt afferre remedium.' (Mall. Mal., vol. ii. pp. 393, 394.)
1:95. Spina, De Strigibus (1522), cap. xi.
2:95. All the phenomena of somnambulism were mixed up with the question. See, e. g., Spina, cap. x. and xi., where it is fully discussed. Many curious notions were held about somnambulism. One opinion was, that the somnambulists had never been baptised, or had been baptised by a drunken priest.
3:95. This belief was probably sustained by the great use made of animals in Christian symbolism as representatives of moral qualities. In different districts different animals were supposed to be in especial connection with spirits. Delrio mentions that the ancient Irish had such a veneration for wolves that they were accustomed to pray for their salvation, and to choose them as god-fathers for their children (Thiers' Superst., vol. ii. p. 198). Beelzebub, as is well known, was god of flies. 'Par ce qu'il n'y avoit pas une mouche en son temple, comme on dict qu'au Palais de Venise il n'y a pas une seule mouche et au Palais de Tolède qu'il n'y en a qu'une, qui n'est pas chose estrange ou nouvelle, car nous lisons que les Cyrénaïques, après avoir sacrifié au dieu Acaron, dieu des mouches, et les Grecs à Jupiter, surnommé Myiodes, c'est à dire mouchard, toutes les mouches s'envolaient en une nuée, comme nous lisons eu Pausanias In Areadicis et en Pline au livre xxix. cap. 6.' (Bodin, Démon., p. 15.) Dancing bears and other intelligent animals seem to have been also connected with the Devil; and an old council anathematised at once magicians who have abandoned their Creator, fortune-tellers, and those 'qui ursas aut similes bestias ad ludum et perniciem simpliciorum circumferunt' -- 'for what fellowship can there be between Christ and Belial?' (Wier, De Præst. Dæm., p. 557.) The ascription of intelligence to animals was general through the middle ages, but it was most prominent in the Celtic race. See a curious chapter on mystic animals in Dalyell's Superstitions in Scotland, and also the essay of Renan on Celtic Poetry. Muratori (Antiq. Ital., Diss. xxix.) quotes an amusing passage from a writer of the eleventh century, concerning a dog which in that century was 'moved by the spirit of Pytho.'
1:96. Vita S. Pauli.
1:97. 'L'existence des loups-garous est attestée par Virgile, Solin, Strabon, Pomponius Méla, Dionysius Afer, Varron, et par tous les jurisconsultes et démonomanes des derniers siècles. A peine commençait-on à en douter sous Louis XIV.' (Plancy, Dict. Infernale, Lycanthropie.) Bodin, in his chapter on Lycanthropy, and in our own day Madden (vol. i. pp. 334-358), have collected immense numbers of additional authorities. St. Augustine notices the subject with considerable hesitation, but on the whole inclines, as I have said, towards incredulity (Civ. Dei, lib. xviii, c. 17, 18). He also tells us that in his time there were some innkeepers, who were said to give their guests drugs in cheese, and thus to turn them into animals. (Ibid.) In the Salic laws of the fifth century there is a curious enactment 'that any sorceress who has devoured a man should on conviction be fined 200 sous' (Garinet, p. 6). To come down to a later period, we find St. Thomas Aquinas asserting that 'Omnes angeli boni et mali, ex virtute naturali, habent potestatem transmutandi corpora nostra'; and, according to Bodin, Paracelsus and Fernel, the chief physician of Henry IV., held a similar belief. There is probably no country in Europe -- perhaps no country in the world -- in which some form of this superstition has not existed. It raged however especially where wolves abounded -- among the Jura, in Norway, Russia, Ireland (where the inhabitants of Ossory, according to Camden, were said to become wolves once every seven years), in the Pyrenees and Greece. The Italian women usually became cats. In the East (as the 'Arabian Nights' show) many forms were assumed. A French judge named Boguet, at the end of the sixteenth century, devoted himself especially to the subject, burnt multitudes of lycanthropes, wrote a book about them, and drew up a code in which he permitted ordinary witches to be strangled before they were burnt, but excepted lycanthropes, who were to be burnt alive (Garinet, pp. 298-302). In the controversy about the reality of the transformation, Bodin supported the affirmative, and Binsfeldius the negative side. There is a form of monomania under which men believe themselves to be animals, which is doubtless the nucleus around which the system was formed -- a striking instance of the development of the miraculous. See also Bourquelot, La Lycanthropie. Among the many mad notions of the Abyssinians, perhaps the maddest is their belief that blacksmiths and potters can change themselves into hyænas, and ought therefore to be excluded from the sacrament (Hecker, Epid., p. 120).
1:99. See especially the long strange chapter on the subject in Sprenger.
1:100. Sprenger, Pars I. Quæst. vii. At the request of St. Serenus and St. Equitius, the angels performed on those saints a counteracting surgical operation (Nider, Formic. de Mal., c. v.)
2:100. See the curious story of St. Sylvanus, Bishop of Nazareth, in Sprenger Pars II. Quæst. i. cap. xi.). The Devil not only assumed the appearance of this holy man, in order to pay his addresses to a lady, but when discovered, crept under a bed, suffered himself to be dragged out, and declared that he was the veritable bishop. Happily, after a time, a miracle was wrought which cleared the reputation of the calumniated prelate.
3:100. As few people realise the degree in which these superstitions were encouraged by the Church which claims infallibility, I may mention that the reality of this particular crime was implied, and its perpetrators anathematised, by the provincial councils or synods of Troyes, Lyons, Milan, Tours, Bourges, Narbonne, Ferrara, St. Malo, Mont Cassin, Orleans, and Grenoble; by the rituals of Autun, Chartres, Périgueux, Atun, Evreux, Paris, Angers, Arras, Châlons, Bologna, Troyes, Bourges, Alet, Beauvais, Meaux, Rheims, &c.; and by the decrees of a long series of bishops (Thiers, Sup. Pop., tom. iv. ch. vii.). It was held, as far as I know, without a single exception, by all the inquisitors who presided at the witch-courts, and Sprenger gives a long account of the methods which were generally employed in convicting those who were accused of the crime. Montaigne appears to have been the first who openly denied it, ascribing to the imagination what the orthodox ascribed to the Devil; and this opinion seems soon to have become a characteristic of free-thinkers in France; for Thiers (who wrote in 1678) complains that 'Les esprits forts et les libertins qui donnent tout à la nature, et qui ne jugent des choses que par la raison, ne veulent pas se persuader que de nouveaux-mariés puissent par l'artifice et la malice du démon estre empêchés de se rendre le devoir conjugal (p 567) -- a very wicked incredulity -- 'puisque l'Église, que est conduite par le Saint-Esprit, et qui par consó quent ne peut errer, reconnoît qu'il se fait par l'opération du démon' (p. 573). The same writer shows that the belief existed in the Church in the time of Theodousus (p. 568). The last sorcerer who was burnt in France perished on this charge (Garinet, p. 256).
1:103. I should, perhaps, make one exception to this statement -- Peter of Apono, a very famous physician and philosopher of Padua, who died in 1305. He appears to have entirely denied the existence of demons and of miracles; and to have attempted, by the assistance of astrology, to construct a general philosophy of religion, casting the horoscope of each faith, and ascribing its rise and destiny to the influence of the stars. He was a disciple of Averroes -- perhaps the founder of Averroism in Italy and seems to have formed a school at Padua. When he was about eighty, he was accused, of magic. It was said that he had acquired the knowledge of the seven liberal arts by seven familiar spirits whom he kept confined in a crystal; but he died before the trial was concluded, so the inquisitors were obliged to content themselves by burning his image. He was regarded as one of the greatest of magicians. Compare Naudé, Apol., pp. 380 -- 391, Renan, Averroes, pp. 258, 259.
1:104. Mall. Mal., vol. ii. p. 253.
2:104. Mall. Mal., vol. i. pp. 460-468.
3:104. Vol. ii. pp. 191, 299, 300.
1:107. 'Pseudomonarchia Dæmonum' one of the principal sources of information about this subject. He gives the names of seventy-two princes, and estimates their subjects at 7,405,926 devils. It is not quite clear how much he believed on the subject.
2:107. A very old critic and opponent of his views on witchcraft quaintly speaks of him as 'Ce premier homme de la France, Jean Bodin, qui après avoir par une merveilleuse vivacité d'esprit accompagnée d'un jugement solide traicté toutes les choses divines, naturelles et civiles, se fust peut estre mescogneu pour homme, et eust esté pris infailliblement de nous pour quelque intelligence s'il n'eust laissé des marques et vestiges de son humanité dans cette démonomanie.' (Naudé, Apol., 127 (1625). Bayle (Dict. Phil.) pronounced Bodin to have been 'one of the chief advocates of liberty of conscience of his time.' In our own day, Buckle (vol. i. p. 299) has placed him as an historian above Comines, and on a level with Macchiavelli; and Hallam, speaking of the 'Republic,' says, 'Bodin possessed a highly philosophical mind, united with the most ample stores of history and jurisprudence. No former writer on political philosophy had been either so comprehensive in his scheme, or so copious in his knowledge; none, perhaps, more original, more independent and fearless in his enquiries. Two men alone, indeed, could be compared with him -- Aristotle and Machiavel. (Hist. of Lit., vol. ii. p. 68.) Dugald Stewart is equally encomiastic (Dissertation, pp. 52-54).
1:109. Cornelius Agrippa, who had been the master of Wier. He was advocate-general at Metz, and had distinguished himself by his efforts to prevent prosecutions for witchcraft, and by saving the life of a peasant woman whom Savin the inquisitor wished to burn. He was, consequently, generally thought to be in league with the Devil; and it is related that, on his death-bed, he drew off from his neck a black dog, which was a demon, exclaiming that it was the cause of his perdition (Garinet, pp. 121, 122). In his early days he had studied magic, and had apparently come to the conclusion that it rested either on imposture or on a superior knowledge of the laws of nature -- a conclusion which he tried to enforce in a book on the vanity of science. He was imprisoned for a year at Brussels on the charge of magic, and ceaselessly calumniated after his death. Before Wier, probably no one had done so much to combat the persecution, and his reputation was sacrificed in the cause. See Plancy's Dict. Infern., art. Agrippa, and Thiers' Superst., vol. i. pp. 142, 143. Naudé has aIso devoted a long chapter to Agrippa. Agrippa had not the good fortune to please any class of theologians. Among the Catholics he was regarded with extreme horror; and Calvin, in his work De Scandalis, treats him as one of the chief contemners of the Gospel.
1:110. Pp. 217, 228.
1:112. Liv. iii. c. 11.
1:113. Bodin, p. 252.
1:115. Maury, pp. 221, 222. The principal of those writers was Naudé, whose Apologie pour les Grands Hommes soupçonnez de Mastic contains much curious historical information in an extremely tiresome form. Naudé also wrote an exposure of the Rosicrucians, and a political work on Coups d'État, embodying the principles of Macchiavelli. He was the first librarian of the Mazarin library, in the foundation of which he had a considerable part. Bayle (Pensées Diverses, § ccxli.) calls him 'L'homme de France qui avoit le plus de lecture.' He is said to have reconstructed some of the dances of the ancients, and to have executed them in person before Queen Christina, in Sweden (Magnin, Origines du Théâtre, tom. i. p. 113). The Apologie was answered by a Capuchin named D'Autun, in a ponderous work called L'Incrédulité Sçavanie.
1:116. 'Ce furent les esprits forts du commencement du dix-septième siècle qui a'efforcèrent les premiers de combattre le préjugé régnant de défendre de malheureux fous ou d'indiscrets chercheurs contre les tribunaux. Il fallait pour cela du courage, car on risquait, en cherchant à sauver la tête du prévenu, de passer soi-même pour un affidé du diable, ou ce que ne valait pas mieux, pour un incrédule. Les libres penseurs, les libertins comme on les appelait alors, n'avaient que peu de crédit.' (Maury, p. 221.)
2:116. See the passage in Maury, p. 219.
3:116. Ibid., p. 220.
1:117. Recherche de la Vérité, liv. ii. p. 3, c. 6.
2:117. He said: 'Tous les pères de l'Église sans exception crurent au pouvoir de la magie. L'Église condamna toujours la magie, mais elle y crut toujours. Elle n'excommunia point les sorciers comme des fous qui étaient trompés, mais comme des hommes qui étaient réellement en commerce avec les diables. (Dict. Phil., art. Superstition.) This I believe to be quite true, but it was a striking sign of the times, that an opponent of magic could say so without ruining his cause.
3:117. Garinet, p. 328.
1:118. Garinet, pp. 337, 344.
1:119. Garinet, p. 280.
1:120. The most complete authority on this subject is the chronological table of facts in Hutchinson's Essay on Witchcraft (1718). Hutchinson, who was a very scrupulous writer, restricted himself for the most part to cases of which he had learned precise particulars, and he carefully gives his authorities. The number of executions he recounts as having taken place in 250 years, amounts to many thousands. Of these only about 140 were in England. This, of course, excludes those who were drowned or mobbed to death during the trial, and those who were sentenced to other than capital punishments. All the other writers I have seen place the English executions far higher; and it seems, I think, certain that some executions escaped the notice of Hutchinson, whose estimate is, however, probably much nearer the truth than those of most writers. See also Wright's Sorcery; and an article from the Foreign Review in 'A Collection of Curious Tracts on Witchcraft,' reprinted in 1838. It is quite impossible to arrive at anything like precision on this subject.
1:121. The repeal was probably owing to the fact that witchcraft and pulling down crosses were combined together; and the law had, therefore, a Popish appearance.
2:121. Sermons (Parker Society), p. 1028. Strype ascribes to this sermon the law which was passed the following year (Annals of the Ref., vol. i. p. 11). The multitude of witches at the beginning of the reign of Elizabeth (which Strype notices) was the obvious consequence of the terrorism of the preceding reign, and of the religious changes acting in the way I have already described.
1:122. It is worthy of notice that anæsthesia is a recognised symptom of some of the epidemic forms of madness. Speaking of that of Morzines, Dr. Constans says: 'L'anesthésie ne fait jamais défaut. J'ai pu pincer, piquet avec une épingle les malades, enfoncer cette épingle sous les ongles ou de toute sa longueur dans les bras, les jambes ou sur toute autre partie, sans provoquer l'apparence d'une sensation douleureuse.' (Épidémie d'Hystéro-Démonopathie en 1861, p. 63.)
1:123. This storm was the origin of one of the most horrible of the many horrible Scotch trials on record. One Dr. Fian was suspected of having aroused the wind, and a confession was wrung from him by torture, which, however, he almost immediately afterwards retracted. Every form of torture was in vain employed to vanquish his obduracy. The bones of his legs were broken into small pieces in the boot. All the torments that Scottish law knew of were successively applied. At last, the king (who personally presided over the tortures) suggested a new and more horrible device. The prisoner, who had been removed during the deliberation, was brought in, and (I quote the contemporary narrative) 'his nailes upon all his fingers were riven and pulled off with an instrument, called in Scottish a turkas, which in England wee call a payre of pincers, and under everie nayle there was thrust in two needels over, even up to the heads.' However, notwithstanding all this, 'so deeply had the devil entered into his heart, that hee utterly denied all that which he before avouched,' and he was burnt unconfessed. (See a rare black-letter tract, reprinted in Pitcairn's Criminal Trials of Scotland, vol. i. part ii. pp. 213, 223.)
1:124. Madden's Phant., vol. i. p. 447.
2:124. 'I have ever believed, and do now know, that there are witches; they that doubt them do not only deny them but spirits, and are obliquely and upon consequence a sort, not of infidels, but of atheists.' (Religio Medici, p. 24, ed. 1672.) Sir T. Browne did not, however, believe in incubi, or in lycanthropy.
3:124. On the extent to which the belief was reflected in the dramatic literature of Elizabeth and James I., see Wright's Sorcery, vol. i. pp. 286, 296. It was afterwards the custom of Voltaire, when decrying the genius of Shakspeare, to dwell constantly on such characters as the witches in Macbeth. But such scenes, though in modern times they may have an unreal and grotesque appearance, did not present the slightest improbability at the time they were written. It is probable that Shakspeare, it is certain that the immense majority even of his most highly educated and gifted contemporaries, believed with an unfaltering faith in the reality of witchcraft. Shakspeare was, therefore, perfectly justified in introducing into his plays personages who were, of all others, most fitted to enhance the grandeur and the solemnity of tragedy, when they faithfully reflected the belief of the audience.
1:125. Advancement of Learning, xxv. 22. It is true that this book was dedicated to the king, whose writings on the subject were commended.
2:125. Table-Talk.
3:125. Hutchinson, p. 68.
1:126. This is alluded to in Hudibras: --
|'Hath not this present Parliament
A ledger to the devil sent
Fully empowered to treat about
Finding revolted witches out?
And has not he within a year
Hanged threescore of them in one shire,' &c.
Second part, Canto iii.
2:126. Baxter relates the whole story with evident pleasure. He says: 'Among the rest, an old reading parson named Lowis, not far from Framlingham, was one that was hanged, who confessed that he had two imps, and that one of them was always putting him on doing mischief, and (being near the sea) as he saw a ship under sail, it moved him to send him to sink the ship, and he consented, and saw the ship sink before him.' (World of Spirits, p. 58.) For the other view of the case, see Hutchinson, pp. 88-90.
1:128. On the opinions of Hobbes on this subject, and on his great influence in discrediting these superstitions, see Cudworth's Intellectual System, vol. i. p. 116.
2:128. The (indirect) influence of the Royal Society on this subject is noticed by Hutchinson, and indeed most of the writers on witchcraft. See Casaubon on Credulity, p. 191.
1:129. The report of this trial is reprinted in A Collection of Rare and Curious Tracts relating to Witchcraft (London, 1838).
2:129. Biographie Universelle -- an article which is also in the Encyclopædia Britannica.
1:130. There is a good review of this book in Hallam's Hist. of Lit., vol. iii. pp. 358-362. It is, I think, by far the best thing Glanvil wrote, and he evidently took extraordinary pains in bringing it to perfection. It first appeared as a short essay; it was then expanded into a regular treatise; and still later, recast and published anew under the title of 'Scepsis Scientifica.' This last edition is extremely rare, the greater part of the impression having, it is said (I do not know on what authority), been destroyed in the fire of London. It was answered by Thomas White, a once famous Roman Catholic controversialist. I cannot but think that Paley was acquainted with the works of Glanvil, for their mode of treating many subjects is strikingly similar. Paley's watch simile is fully developed by Glanvil, in chap. v.
1:131. Chapter xi.
1:132. He compares the leading scholars of his day to the mariner who returned laden with common pebbles from the Indies, imagining that that must necessarily be rare that came from afar; and he accused them of asserting, on the authority of Beza, that women have no beards, and on that of St. Augustine that peace is a blessing. He pronounced university education in general, and that of Oxford m particular, to be almost worthless. The indignation such sentiments created at Oxford is very amusingly shown in Wood's Athenæ, arts. Glanvil and Crosse. Crosse was a Fellow of Oxford (a D.D.), who at first vehemently assailed Glanvil in prose, but at last changed his mode of attack, and wrote comic ballads, which Wood assures us 'made Glanvil and his Society ridiculous.'
1:133. He thought the fact of the miracles of witchcraft being contemporary, would make it peculiarly easy to test them: 'for things remote or long past are either not believed or forgotten; whereas, these being fresh and new, and attended with all the circumstances of credibility, it may be expected they should have most success upon the obstinacy of unbelievers.' (Preface to the Sadducismus.)
2:133. 'Atheism is begun in Sadducism, and those that dare not bluntly say there is no God, content themselves (for a fair step and introduction) to deny there are spirits or witches which sort of infidels, though they are not ordinary among the mere vulgar, yet are they numerous in a little higher rank of understandings. And those that know anything of the world, know that most of the looser gentry, and the small pretenders to philosophy and wit, are generally deriders of the belief of witches and apparitions.' I need hardly say that the word Atheism was, in the time of Glanvil, used in the very loosest sense; indeed, Dugald Stewart shows, that at one time the disbelievers in apostolical succession were commonly denounced as Atheists. (Dissert., p. 378.)
1:134. See a striking passage, pp. 3, 4: -- 'I must premise that this, being matter of fact, is only capable of the evidence of authority and of sense, and by both these the being of witches and diabolical contracts is most abundantly confirmed. All histories are full of the exploits of those instruments of darkness, and the testimony of all ages, not only of the rude and barbarous, but of the most civilised and polished world, brings tidings of their strange performances. We have the attestation of thousands of eye and ear witnesses, and those not of the easily deceivable vulgar only, but of wise and grave discerners, and that when no interest could oblige them to agree together in a common lie; I say we have the light of all these circumstances to confirm us in the belief of things done by persons of despicable power and knowledge, beyond the reach of art and ordinary nature. Standing public records have been kept of these well-attested relations, and epochas made of these unwonted events. Laws, in many nations, have been enacted against those vile practices; those among the Jews and our own are notorious. Such cases have been often determined with us, by wise and revered judges, upon clear and constructive evidence; and thousands in our own nation have suffered death for their vile compact with apostate spirits. All this I might largely prove in their particular instances, but, that it is not needful; since those that deny the being of witches do it, not out of ignorance of those heads of argument which, probably, they have heard a thousand times, but from an apprehension that such a belief is absurd, and the things impossible.'
1:135. 'I think those that can believe all histories are romances; that all the wise could have agreed to juggle mankind into a common belief of ungrounded fables; that the sound senses of multitudes together may deceive them, and laws are built upon chimeras; that the gravest and wisest judges have been murderers, and the sagest persons fools or designing impostors; I say those that can believe this heap of absurdities, are either more credulous than those whose credulity they reprehend, or else have some extraordinary evidence of their persuasion, viz., that it is absurd or impossible there should be a witch or apparition.' (P. 4.)
1:136. His letters on the subject are prefixed to the Sadducismus.
2:136. On Credulity and Incredulity. This Casaubon was son of the great Greek scholar.
3:136. 'As for wizards and magicians, persons who associate and confederate themselves with these evil spirits for the gratification of their own revenge, lust, ambition, and other passions; besides the Scriptures, there hath been so full an attestation given to them by persons unconcerned in all ages, that those our so confident exploders of them in this present age can hardly escape the suspicion of having some hankering towards atheism.' (Int. Syst., vol. ii. p. 650. See also vol. i. p. 116.)
1:137. Webster on Witches. The identification of the Scripture demoniacs with lunatics had been made by Hobbes also.
2:137. Wagstaafe was a deformed, dwarfish scholar at Oxford, and was the special butt of the Oxonian wit (which in the seventeenth century does not appear to have been extremely brilliant). Poor Wagstaafe consoled himself by drinking whiskey punch; and having drunk too much, he died. (Wood's Athenæ.)
1:138. Bancroft, History of the United States, ch. xix. Hutchinson, pp. 95-119.
2:138. Hutchinson, pp. 95-119.
3:138. Mr. Buckle places the scepticism a little earlier. He says: 'This important revolution in our opinion was effected, so far as the educated classes are concerned, between the Restoration and Revolution; that is to say, in 1660, the majority of educated men still believed in witchcraft; and in 1688, the majority disbelieved it.' (Vol. i. p. 333.) By 1718, however, the minority had become insignificant.
1:139. Some of them, of course, were mere pamphlets, but a large proportion elaborate works. The catalogue is given by Hutchinson.
2:139. Compare Hutchinson, p. 57, and Buckle, vol. i. p. 334. I say judicially, for in the Times of Sept. 24th, 1863, there is an account of an old man who was mobbed to death in the county of Essex as a wizard.
1:140. Hutchinson, pp. 163-171. Some noble and liberal remarks.
2:140. Journal, 1768.
1:141. Bodin, p. 217.
1:142. Hutchinson, Dedication.
2:142. Ibid.
3:142. Ibid.
4:142. I, at least, have not been able to find any other case; but Sir Kenelm Digby, in his annotation to the passage from Sir Thomas Browne, which I have before quoted, says of the belief: 'There are divines of great note, and far from any suspicion of being irreligious, that do not oppose it.' The book of Dr. Harsnet is, I believe, rare. I only know it by the copious extracts in Hutchinson. There is a notice of its author in Neal's Hist. of the Puritans.
1:143. See Scott's Discovery, passim.
2:143. Sir W. Scott has well noticed this influence of Puritanism on English witchcraft; and, in comparing the different sections of the Church, he says, 'On the whole, the Calvinists, generally speaking, were, of all the contending sects, the most suspicious of sorcery, the most undoubting believers in its existence, and the most eager to follow it up with what they conceived to be the due punishment of the most fearful of crimes.' (Demonology and Witchcraft, Letter 8.)
1:144. I need hardly refer to the noble description of the Scotch Kirk in Buckle's History -- a description the substantial justice of which will be questioned by no one who is acquainted with the history of Scotch witchcraft. On the multitude of miracles and apparitions of Satan that were believed, see pp. 349-369.
2:144. The very remarkable fact, that no cases of imposture have been detected in Scotch witch-trials, is noted by Buckle, vol. ii. pp. 189, 190.
1:145. Dalyell, Darker Superstitions of Scotland, p. 624.
2:145. Ibid. p. 623.
3:145. Ibid. p. 624, &c.
4:145. See on this subject Pitcairn's Criminal Trials of Scotland, a vast repository of original documents on the subject. Pitcairn gives numbers of these confessions. He adds, 'The confessions were commonly taken before presbyteries, or certain special commissioners, who usually ranked among their number the leading clergy of those districts where their hapless victims resided.' (Vol. iii. p. 598.)
1:146. 'One of the most powerful incentives to confession was systematically to deprive the suspected witch of the refreshment of her natural sleep.... Iron collars, or witches' bridles, are still preserved in various parts of Scotland, which had been used for such iniquitous purposes. These instruments were so constructed that, by means of a hoop which passed over the head, a piece of iron having four points or prongs was forcibly thrust into the mouth, two of these being directed to the tongue and palate, the others pointing outwards to each cheek. This infernal machine was secured by a padlock. At the back of the collar was fixed a ring, by which to attach the witch to a staple in the wall of her cell. Thus equipped, and night and day waked and watched by some skilful person appointed by her inquisitors, the unhappy creature, after a few days of such discipline, maddened by the misery of her forlorn and helpless state, would be rendered fit for confessing anything, in order to be rid of the dregs of her wretched life. At intervals fresh examinations took place, and these were repeated from time to time until her "contumacy," as it was termed, was subdued. The clergy and kirk sessions appear to have been the unwearied instruments of "purging the land of witchcraft;" and to them, in the first instance, all the complaints and informations were made.' (Pitcairn, vol. i. part 2, p. 50.)
2:146. Dalyell, p. 645. The 'prickers' formed a regular profession in Scotland.
3:146. Burt's Letters from the North of Scotland, vol. i. pp. 227-234.
4:146. Dalyell, p. 645.
1:147. Pitcairn.
2:147. Dalyell, p. 657.
3:147. Pitcairn, vol. i. part ii. p. 376. The two cases were in the same trial in 1596.
4:147. Dalyell, p. 669.
5:147. Pitcairn, vol. iii. p. 597.
1:148. Dalyell, pp. 669, 670.
2:148. For a curious instance of this, see that strange book, 'The Secret Commonwealth,' published in 1691, by Robert Kirk, minister of Aberfoil. He represents evil spirits in human form as habitually living among the Highlanders. Succubi, or, as the Scotch called them, Leannain Sith, seem to have been especially common; and Mr. Kirk (who identifies them with the 'familiar spirits' of Deuteronomy) complains very sadly of the affection of many young Scotchmen for the 'fair ladies of this aërial order' (p. 35). Capt. Burr relates a long discussion he had with a minister on the subject of old women turning themselves into cats. The minister said that one man succeeded in cutting off the leg of a cat who attacked him, that the leg immediately turned into that of an old woman, and that four ministers signed a certificate attesting the fact (vol. i. pp. 271-277). One of the principal Scotch writers on these matters was Sinclair, who was Professor of Moral Philosophy at Glasgow.
3:148. Wright's Sorcery, vol. i. pp. 165, 166. Even to consult with witches was made capital.
4:148. Pitcairn, vol. iii. p. 598. Another Earl of Mar had been himself bled to death for having, as was alleged, consulted with witches how to shorten the life of James III. (Scott's Demonology, let. ix.)
1:149. Sir Walter Scott seems to think that the first great outburst of persecution began when James VI. went to Denmark to fetch his bride. Before his departure, he exhorted the clergy to assist the magistrates, which they did, and most especially in matters of witchcraft. The king was himself perfectly infatuated with the subject, and had this one bond of union with the ministers; and, as Sir W. S. says, 'during the halcyon period of union between kirk and king, their hearty agreement on the subject of witchcraft failed not to heat the fires against all persons suspected of such iniquity.' (Demonology, letter ix.) See also Linton's Witch Stories, p. 5.
1:151. It is rather remarkable that Bodin had also formed his theology almost exclusively from the Old Testament, his reverence for which was so great that some (Grotius and Hallam among others) have questioned whether he believed the New.
2:151. The silent unreasoning character of the decline of Scotch witchcraft has been noticed by Dugald Stewart, Dissert., p. 508.
3:151. Burt's Letters from the North of Scotland, vol. i. pp. 227-234, and 271-277. I suspect Burr has misdated the execution that took place in 1722, placing it in 1727.
4:151. Macaulay, Hist., vol. iii. p. 706.


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This is a discussion on More good news - Florida guns at work bill (merged) within the Concealed Carry Issues & Discussions forums, part of the Defensive Carry Discussions category; SWEET!!!! Good for FL res....
Ruger LCR .357 Magnum
Glock 19
Mossberg Mariner 590 12 Ga
Saiga AK-47
Marlin Model 60
"I don't believe in a government that protects us from ourselves."
-Ronald Reagan
I just bought my first handgun and have already sent off my ccw permit. This would be welcome news for me. Right now my employer does not allow any weapons on company property. I have go home from work to get my weapon before I can go to the range.
Will this bill allow Federal Employees to leave their firearms in their vehicles on Federal property in FL.? I'm guessing not..
The most exhilarating thing in life is getting shot at with no results.
- Winston Churchill
Endowment Life Member - NRA
Life Member - GOA
Member - Oath Keepers, SAF, CCRKBA
U.S. Army (72G) 1975-1980
Email to the Governor sent. IIRC if the bill is signed soon, it becomes sometime in July.
You have to make the shot when fire is smoking, people are screaming, dogs are barking, kids are crying and sirens are coming.
Randy Cain.
Ego will kill you. Leave it at home.
Signed: Me!
Email sent.
Crist has not yet said what he would do. He refused to commit before the bill was actually signed. (Common sense)
He is no fool who gives what he cannot keep to gain what he cannot lose. - Jim Elliott
The world is a dangerous place to live; not because of the people who are evil, but because of the people who don't do anything about it.
Albert Einstein
He didn't comment on his plans, but I believe he did make it a point to state that he supports the 2nd Amendment.
Gov. Charlie Crist said after the vote that the bill has a good chance of getting his signature.
"I'm probably going to sign it," Gov. Charlie Crist said. "The Second Amendment is very important. I understand there are competing interests. There always are in this process, but people being protected is most important to me."
He is no fool who gives what he cannot keep to gain what he cannot lose. - Jim Elliott
The world is a dangerous place to live; not because of the people who are evil, but because of the people who don't do anything about it.
Albert Einstein
Awesome news. Now the division of licensing just needs to mail me mine.
I hope this passes *crosses fingers*.
Gun control can be blamed in part for allowing 9/11 to happen.
"Si Vis Pacem Para Bellum" (Latin)- "If you want peace, prepare for war".
Take-guns-to-work law passed in Fla. - Life - MSNBC.com
Also on MSNBC with a poll. This poll under "Live Vote" about 1/4 of the way down the page is a little closer with 61% for and 39% against. GO VOTE!
"The best we can hope for concerning the people at large is that they be properly armed."
-Alexander Hamilton
Charlie Christ has gone on record stating he will sign the bill, local6 and wesh had coverage.
The wierd thing is that this bill has nothing to do with guns at work. The guns are not at work, they are in the parking lot. This law really only does two things: 1 - permits me to complain to the state or sue if an employer fires me for having a gun in my vehicle on company property; and 2- prevents my employer from being sued for failing to prevent me from having a gun in my vehicle on company property. caveat: IANAL!
The real value to me is that (after the effective date if Gov Crist signs it into law) I can carry when stopping for gas or groceries on the way to and from work.
According to the Florida Statutes, IMHO, I think we already had that right guaranteed to us by the following Statutes......
The 2007 Florida Statutes
Title XLVI
CRIMES Chapter 790
WEAPONS AND FIREARMS View Entire Chapter
790.25 Lawful ownership, possession, and use of firearms and other weapons.--
(1) DECLARATION OF POLICY.--The Legislature finds as a matter of public policy and fact that it is necessary to promote firearms safety and to curb and prevent the use of firearms and other weapons in crime and by incompetent persons without prohibiting the lawful use in defense of life, home, and property, and the use by United States or state military organizations, and as otherwise now authorized by law, including the right to use and own firearms for target practice and marksmanship on target practice ranges or other lawful places, and lawful hunting and other lawful purposes.
(5) POSSESSION IN PRIVATE CONVEYANCE.--Notwithstanding subsection (2), it is lawful and is not a violation of s. 790.01 for a person 18 years of age or older to possess a concealed firearm or other weapon for self-defense or other lawful purpose within the interior of a private conveyance, without a license, if the firearm or other weapon is securely encased or is otherwise not readily accessible for immediate use. Nothing herein contained prohibits the carrying of a legal firearm other than a handgun anywhere in a private conveyance when such firearm is being carried for a lawful use. Nothing herein contained shall be construed to authorize the carrying of a concealed firearm or other weapon on the person. This subsection shall be liberally construed in favor of the lawful use, ownership, and possession of firearms and other weapons, including lawful self-defense as provided in s. 776.012.
790.001 Definitions.--As used in this chapter, except where the context otherwise requires:
(17) "Securely encased" means in a glove compartment, whether or not locked; snapped in a holster; in a gun case, whether or not locked; in a zippered gun case; or in a closed box or container which requires a lid or cover to be opened for access.
TampaSsgt .........
Ex-Ohio LEO
NRA Life Member
Florida Concealed Weapon License holder
Certified Sheepdog
This new law would prohibit employers and business owners (with some exceptions) from having such a policy, and also prohibit any discriminatory and disciplinary action by same to concealed weapon license holders. So, with the law in place, it would be legal to properly store your weapon in your private vehicle on company property, and ILLEGAL for the company to have a policy against it, if you have your CCW.

subset: commoncrawl


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The night is yours. And so is the room…
Warm and intimist ambiance for the "Cosy" room of LE GENERAL HOTEL that is ideal to relax in peace.
Service with a smile, the staff of LE GENERAL HOTEL will make your stay unforgettable.
1 person accommodation – 10 SqM
Single Bed 120 cm x 190 cm


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May 5, 2004
Complete Release in PDF Format
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UCLA will send athletes to three different events - sophomore Nastassja Hall and freshman Georgea Richards will begin 2004 conference competition for the Bruins as they compete in the Pac-10 Multi-Events (heptathlon) on Friday-Saturday (May 7-8) at the University of Arizona in Tucson (Arizona will then host the 2004 Pac-10 Championships, May 14-15/Friday-Saturday). This weekend the Bruins will also compete at the Modesto Invita-tional (May 7-9) and Occidental Invitational (May 8).
Junior Monique Henderson ran in three winning UCLA races, including a world-leading mark in the 400m, and senior Sheena Johnson also ran in three, as the Bruin women defeated USC 93-70 for their 12 th consecutive dual meet track & field victory over the Trojans. The meet was held at UCLA's Drake Stadium before 4,760. The Bruins were ranked No. 2 in the U. S. and USC was rated No. 16 (tied).
UCLA, under head coach Jeanette Bolden, leads the series history 18-3. Bolden is 11-0 vs. the Trojans in the dual meet and overall, she's 70-0 in dual competition.
In the battle for the Lexus Gauntlet (UCLA vs. USC in athletic competition for the 2003-04 season), the Bruin women picked up five points for UCLA.
Henderson, from Morse HS in San Diego, started the afternoon by anchoring UCLA's winning 4 X 100m relay (43.78, season-best, Regional Qualifier (RQ), No. 6 in school history). She then won the 400m, in a season-best, meet record (51.33, Monique Henderson, UCLA, 2002) and world-leading mark of 51.20 (RQ). Henderson is the former national high school record-holder in the 400m (50.74/her UCLA best is 51.10, 2002). She ended the day winning the 200m, in a time of 22.71 (personal-best, RQ, meet record (22.84, Shakedia Jones, UCLA, 1998), No. 2 on the current collegiate chart and tied for No. 3 in school history with Gail Devers).
Johnson, from Garfield HS in Stafford, VA, started her afternoon running the second leg on UCLA's winning 4 X 100m relay. She then also triumphed in the 100m hurdles (13.00, personal-best, RQ, No. 3 on the current collegiate chart, No. 3 in school history) and 400m hurdles (56.45, season-opener, RQ/ Johnson is the defending NCAA Outdoor 400m hurdles champion).
In all, the Bruins had 14 event winners. Joining Henderson and Johnson as UCLA winners on the track were - sophomore Ashley Caldwell in the 800m (2:07.41, personal-best, RQ); sophomore Alejandra Barrientos in the 1500m (4:22.96) and senior Melissa McBain in the 5000m (17:03.29, season-opener). In the field, UCLA winners were - sophomore Jacqueline Nguyen in the pole vault (12-4); sophomore Sheena Gordon in the high jump (6-0); senior Candice Baucham in the triple jump (43-10, personal outdoor-best, RQ) and second in the long jump (20-9.75, RQ, personal-best, No. 7 in school history); junior Jessica Cosby in the shot put (56-0); freshman Kamaiya Warren in the discus (168-10, personal-best, RQ) and second in the shot put (55-2.75, personal-best, RQ, No. 8 in school history) and senior Cari Soong in the hammer throw (203-1, on Friday).
Fox Sports West 2 will televise the UCLA/USC women and men's dual meets on Saturday, May 8 at 8 p.m. The Bruin men also defeated USC in the dual meet, 111-52.
May 14-15 (Friday/Saturday), the Bruins will travel to Tucson, AZ for the 2004 Pac-10 Championships. UCLA has won the confer-ence title on 14 occasions (since 1987) and under Bruin head coach Jeanette Bolden, UCLA has captured the Pac-10 crown nine of the last 10 years (not winning in 1996/3rd), including the last seven years in a row (1997-2003).
BRUIN HEAD COACH Jeanette Bolden
Is in her 11th season as the UCLA women's track & field head coach and 13th on the Bruin staff.
On Feb. 13, Bolden was presented the prestigious C. Vivian Stringer Award by Dr. Robert S. Block, founding trustee of the United States Sports Academy.
The C. Vivian Stringer Coaching Award is presented (by the U. S. Sports Academy) to a woman who has experienced outstanding achievement as a coach. This person should exhibit a high stan-dard of propriety, imagination and innovation as a character-builder in the tradition of great teacher-coaches.
The award is named after C. Vivian Stringer, who is in her 10th season as the head women's basketball coach at Rutgers. In her 33rd year as a head coach, Stringer was inducted into the Women's Basketball Hall of Fame in 2001. The fourth winningest coach in women's basketball, Stringer is the only coach in women's or men's basketball to take three different schools to the NCAA Final Four (Rutgers 2000, Iowa 1993, Cheyney 1982).
Past winners of this prestigious women's coaching honor, estab-lished in 2002, have been Amy Ruley (2002), highly successful women's basketball coach at North Dakota State and Sarah Patterson (2003), legendary women's gymnastics coach at Alabama.
Bolden's other coaching honors include --
Led UCLA to back-to-back NCAA Indoor Championships (2000- 01) and a runner-up finish in 2002; 8th-place tie in 2003; 5th in 2004. * Ten Top 10 NCAA Outdoor finishes, including five second-place finishes.
* 2003 NCAA West Region Team Champion
* Eight-time USTCA West Region Coach of the Year, including last seven consecutive seasons.
* Nine Pac-10 titles in 10 years, including last seven consecutive seasons.
* Nine-time Pac-10 Coach of the Year, including last seven con-secutive seasons.
* Unbeaten Career dual record of 70-0, including 11-0 mark vs. USC.
* Eight-time National Dual Team Champion, including seven of last eight seasons.
In collegiate track & field, there are two national rankings -Trackwire and the USTCA sponsored Team Power Ranking.
Trackwire's National Top 25 is a power ranking of NCAA Div. I T & F teams. This ranking's methodology takes into account a variety of statistical predictors and is intended to project the out-come of the 2004 NCAA Div. I T & F Championships (June 9-12 at Austin, TX). The scores provided with the rankings indicate each team's projected score based on form charts for each NCAA event (entering last season's NCAA Outdoor, UCLA was ranked No. 3 and placed 8th at the NCAA Outdoor).
Team Power Ranking is a computer program rating teams by individual marks and dual meet strength (the UCLA women ranked No. 2 in the final 2003 standings and have been the National Dual Meet Champion seven of the last eight seasons). In this week's (May 4) Team Power Ranking, the Bruins are No. 1 (448.52) in the U. S. (ahead of No. 2 Nebraska 416.03, No. 3 BYU 409.13, No. 4 South Carolina 395.73 and No. 5 Florida State 395.68).
The 2004 Pac-10 Championships will be held in Tuscon and hosted by the University of Arizona (May 7-8, Friday/Saturday-Multi Events; May 14-15, Friday/Saturday-Championships). The Bruin women have won nine Pac-10 titles in 10 years, including the last seven consecutive seasons.
The 2004 NCAA West Regionals will be hosted by CS Northridge, May 28-29 (Friday-Saturday). UCLA won the first- ever team title last season at Stanford.
The 2004 NCAA Outdoor Championships will be hosted by the University of Texas at Austin June 9-12. In recent history, the Bruin women have 10, Top 10 placements at the NCAA Outdoor, including five second-place finishes (2002-2001-1999-1998-1995).
April 13 - Sheena Gordon, Field Athlete of the Week - Gordon won the Rafer Johnson/Jackie Joyner Kersee Invitational high jump with a personal-best leap of 6-1.25. The mark ties for the third-best in UCLA history.
In this week's (May 4) Pac-10 weekly marks, the Bruins have 12 event leaders: 200m - Monique Henderson, 22.71; 400m- Monique Henderson, 51.20; Mile - Lena Nilsson, 4:37.62i; 100mH - Sheena Johnson, 13.00; 400mH - Sheena Johnson, 56.45; 4X100m Relay - 43.78; 4 X 400m Relay - 3:33.18; HJ - Sheena Gordon, 6-1.25; PV - Chelsea Johnson, 15-0 (NCAA Outdoor Record); LJ - Renee Williams, 21-1.50i; TJ -Candice Baucham, 44-2.75i; HT - Cari Soong, 209-2


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Paraffin wax bath bath or also known as paraffin wax heat therapy bath is one of the moist heat therapy modalities that we use in our physiotherapy clinics. This modality speeds healing, and soothes soft tissues and muscle pains.
The history of the use of wax as treatment: The use of Paraffin wax as therapy has been known and utilized for centuries, can can be traced to the century of the Roman Empire. Then, the Roman physicians would pour hot wax onto the bodies of the patients to prepare them for massage therapy. Later, the French started using paraffin wax by melting it and placing them over injuries to increase the rate of healing for their patients and soldiers. During World War 1, the British Medical Soldiers used warm paraffin as wax therapy to treat orthopedic injuries and disorders within military hospitals.
Today, wax bath moist heat treatment is commonly used in physiotherapy clinics, especially in outpatient centers for the treatment of conditions such as:
Paraffin wax bath bath moist heat treatment is also commonly used in the physiotherapy management and treatment of sports injuries as well as other forms of disorders and injuries where heat therapy and exercise therapy are required.
An additional benefit of paraffin wax bath therapy is that on top of its function as a therapy modality and heat, the wax itself soothes and moisturizes the human body, the skin, opens pores, increasing blood flow, circulation and creates a general sense of relaxation and calm effect on the patients.
Paraffin wax is a natural component of crude mineral oils, produced by refining or separating the wax out of the crude mineral oils. To purify it, it has to be boiled, then cooled, then filtered into a heavy wax-oil substance, finishing as the paraffin wax. It is laboratory tested to be safe for external use, and hygienic. The wax that we use is colorless, tasteless, and unscented. If you have your own home set, or if you have one in your clinic, you can top up Paraffin Wax Refill With Heat Retaining Capacity from amazon.
Also, it is heavy in molecular structure, increasing blood supply to the body part being treated, trapping moisture from the underlying layers of the skin - this results in a rejuvenating, moisturizing and nourishing effect on the skin, the often soft and smooth finishing on the skin.
Paraffin wax bath bath moist heat treatment decreases pain, aches and stiffness in muscles and joints by removing any excess fluids from surrounding soft tissues whilst providing heat and natural lubrication to the desired part.
However, this treatment is not suitable or recommended for people with the following conditions:
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We appreciate you as a patient and want you to know that the #1 way we grow as a clinic is through word of mouth referrals from valued patients like yourself.
We do not rely on advertising - instead, we prefer and appreciate the goodwill and positive reinforcement from patients.
When you have the opportunity, please take the time to tell your family, friends and physicians about the positive results and experience you have had in our clinic.
Thank you so much, and stay healthy!
Please Call/SMS/WhatsApp to 97402164, thanks!
We are a wholly Singapore Private Limited group of licensed physiotherapists, hand therapists, chiropractors, sports massage therapists and TCM physicians practicing in our scope of rehabilitation and its areas of specializations. As listed in our website are the list of services we provide our clients as referred by their medical doctors or by self referrals/word of mouth.
The range of rehabilitation results vary from patients to patients, depending on a variety of factors and reasons such as severity of condition, genetics, gender and age. However, we will still deliver the best evidence-based-practice of physiotherapy, hand therapy, TCM, sports training and deep tissue release therapy that we can deliver.
The information available on this site is for educational purposes only, if you need a full professional advise on physiotherapy, hand therapy and occupational therapy, please schedule an appointment with us by contacting our staff by Call/SMS/WhatsApp at 97402164, thanks!
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Theodore, Upshall and Skille all close to returning but not tomorrow
The off days have helped expedite the healing process for several sidelined Panthers including goalie Jose Theodore (knee), who skated for his second straight day with the team. Coach Kevin Dineen says he's a, "remote," possibility to play tomorrow night against the beat-up Penguins, but look for Scott Clemmensen to get the nod. Brian Foster is still around so that's a sign that he will be the second goalie dressed Friday.
Forwards Scottie Upshall must've got the go-ahead from his hernia/hip specialist Thursday because Dineen said he close but hasn't been approved for contact yet. Ditto for forward Jack Skille. They're both out for tomorrow.
I spoke to forward Marco Sturm (concussion) and he told me he intends to get on the ice tomorrow for the first time since getting hit in the face with the puck while sitting on the bench last month. Dineen may have some decisions to make as soon as tomorrow regarding scratches. Michal Repik has clearly been playing better than Mike Santorelli of late so we'll see.


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April 19, 2013
LOS ANGELES - Twelve standout UCLA student-athlete alumni and a former Bruin head coach were part of the California Interscholastic Federation-Southern Section (CIF-SS) "100 Athletes for 100 Years" unveiled at a reception and awards show at the AT&T Center in Los Angeles on Saturday, April 13.
The list of 100 athletes, beginning from 1905 to the present, represents the inaugural CIF-SS Athletes Hall of Fame.
Among the 12 Bruins who were inducted, nine are also in the UCLA Athletics Hall of Fame -baseball's Jackie Robinson (1937 Pasadena Muir); football's Bill Kilmer (1957 Citrus); basketball's Keith Erickson (1961 El Segundo), Jamaal Wilkes (1970 Santa Barbara) and Ann Meyers-Drysdale (1975 Sonora); swimming's Brian Goodell (1977 Mission Viejo); volleyball's Karch Kiraly (1978 Santa Barbara), and softball's Lisa Fernandez (1989 St. Joseph/Lakewood) and Stacey Nuveman (1996 St. Lucy's).
Bruin greats also inducted included track & field's Mike Powell (1981 Edgewood) and Joanna Hayes (1995 J. W. North); basketball's Tracy Murray (1989 Glendora), and former UCLA women's soccer head coach Joy Fawcett (1986 Edison).
Criteria for the selection of these athletes, including participation in a CIF-SS sport at a time during the school's membership, ranged from success at all levels, including high school, collegiate, Olympic and professional.
Female athletes that participated at a CIF-SS high school during the period that the section did not recognize girl's athletics were included. Athletes that now participate in other sections, but competed in the CIF-SS during the time their school was a member of the CIF-SS, were also included.
The committee making the selections consisted of sportswriters, producers, on-air personalities, local historians and past and former members of the CIF-SS staff and Executive Committee. Fox Sports West produced and taped "100 Athletes for 100 Years" reception and awards show for later release.


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From Cleopatra to Marie Antoinette, these fine fragrances were inspired by famous royals.
Kate Middleton received a special edition of this Clive Christian No. 1 perfume as a wedding gift. Elegant and as opulent as the price tag would suggest, the perfume is floral with a hint of warm sandalwood—and it is believed to be similar to the scent Queen Victoria (Will's great, great, great, great grandmother) wore. What could be a better way to say "Welcome to the (royal) family"?
Clive Christian No. 1 Perfume, $865; Click to Purchase
An apprentice to the Royal Court's perfumer in 1784, Pierre François Lubin was one of a handful of people with access to Marie Antoinette's secret fragrance. Fortunately, he memorized the recipe, and his namesake company recreated it in the form of Black Jade—a scent that is still sold today. Both musky and floral, the scent is a bit naughty, deeply feminine, and quite rich—much like its original wearer.
Lubin Black Jade, $130; Click to Purchase
Catherine de Medici, queen of France in the 16th century, loved novelties—so much so that she is widely credited for the popularity of everything from handkerchiefs to perfume. During her reign, she commissioned the creation of Acqua Della Regina, or "Water of the Queen." This fresh scent blends citrus with exotic spices, and it's still hand-formulated today in Florence by Santa Maria Novella, the first pharmacy to produce the scent in the 1500s.
Acqua de Colonia Santa Maria Novella, $110; Click to Purchase
When London's Bayleys of Bond Street presented Eau de Cologne Imperiale Russe to the Russian court, it immediately became a favorite of Catherine the Great. The slightly spicey chypre fragrance has been preserved in the form of a soap since 1938.
Cussons Imperial Leather Soap, $18; Click to Purchase
Allegedly, Guerlain created this scent for Empress Eugenie, the wife of Napoleon III, to alleviate her headaches. The crisp citrus fragrance apparently worked, as Napoleon and Eugenie promptly named him the court's Official Perfumer. We can't decide which is better: that it relieves headaches or its, ahem, heady combination of orange blossoms and verbena.
Guerlain Eau de Cologne Impériale, $300; Click to Purchase
In a letter to his brother, perfumer Giovanni Maria Farina likened his newest scent to "an Italian spring morning, of wild narcissus and orange blossoms after a gentle rain." The bright fragrance fuses citrus, herbal and floral notes—and it quickly captured the heart of Maria Theresa, Archduchess of Austria and mother of Marie Antoinette. Farina 1709 is still produced at the original factory, now the oldest existing perfumery in the world.
Farina 1709 Eau de Cologne, $37; Click to Purchase
CREED Perfumes created Fantasia de Fleurs for Empress Elisabeth of Austria, who was known for her impeccable beauty and style. After her ladies in waiting brushed the empress's hair (for up to three hours at a time!), they sprinkled it with jewels, then spritzed it which this rich, floral-citrus fragrance.
CREED Fantasia de Fleurs, $240; Click to Purchase
Napoleon Bonaparte commissioned perfumer Rancé to create two perfumes: one for himself and one for his wife Joséphine. Napoleon reputedly wished for Joséphine's fragrance to mingle with his when they were together, creating a unique combination. But in our opinion, Joséphine's fragrance doesn't need any help: the complex but elegant compilation of floral, wood and musk notes makes a strong impression on its own.
Rancé 1795 Joséphine Eau de Parfum, $92; Click to Purchase
How do you recreate a 2,000 year old fragrance? Chemistry. Blue lotus was at the heart of Cleopatra's perfume, and with a few scientific instruments, Nénufar creator David Pybus captured the flower's exact aroma. Warm notes of almond and nutmeg ground the sweet, floral scent. As a result, it's feminine, sensual and entirely capable of seducing a modern-day Marc Antony.
Scents of Time: Nénufar, $45; Click to Purchase
Prince Rainier of Monaco asked CREED to create this fragrance for Grace Kelly to wear on their wedding day. Meant to complement her bridal bouquet, Fleurissimo is full of heady florals, from tuberose to rose to violet. It mixes the glamour of Old Hollywood with regal maturity—this is definitely not your daughter's perfume.
CREED Fleurissimo, $225; Click to Purchase
Some speculated that Kate Middleton would choose this scent when she tied the knot with Will. Why? Dior Diorissimo was a favorite of Princess Diana's—so much, in fact, that she herself wore it on her wedding day. The fragrance seems apt for such an occasion, as lily of the valley (the main note of the perfume) keeps it fresh and delicate.
Dior Diorissimo Parfum, $130; Click to Purchase
Behind every great man, there's an even greater woman. For King Louis-Phillipe of France, that was his sister, Princess Adélaïde of Orléans. Smart and influential, she stood out in her brother's court and served as his closest adviser. Quelques Fleurs Royale is a similar blend of femininity and strength. The florals and citrus are romantic, but warm notes of vanilla and musk make it complex.
Quelques Fleurs Royale by Houbigant, $150; Click to Purchase
Crown Bouquet isn't the hyper-feminine, floral perfume you'd expect with such a name. It's actually a sharp, juicy green scent created for Wallis Simpson, an American socialite whose love was so great that King Edward VIII gave up his throne for her. The couple was later named Duke and Duchess of Windsor, but Wallis received her own mark of royalty in the form of this fragrance.
Crown Bouquet, $35; Click to Purchase
Eva Péron, First Lady of Argentina, inspired a musical, a film and—naturally—a perfume. A voice for the people (and women in particular), she was known for her passion and elegance. Some compare the scent of Ambre Cannelle, a warm and spicy fragrance, to stepping into Evita's embrace.
CREED Ambre Cannelle, $160; Click to Purchase
A court perfumer created this perfume in 1669 for Madame la Maréchale d'Aumont, the wife of the Marshal of France. It reveals that era's most popular scent: florientals. Crown Maréchale 90 is a sensual blend of classic florals (like rose and lavender) and exotic notes, such as cardamom and bergamot.
Crown Maréchale 90, $35; Click to Purchase
To check out the 10 best-selling scents of all time, click here.
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First Published Fri, 2011-07-22 15:06
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Francis Alys:
Fabiola: An Investigation
written by Stephen Bann, Martha Buskirk, Lynne Cooke, Susan Laningham, David Morgan
Dia Art Foundation | ISBN 9780300139167
Hardback – 289 pages
Member's price: $70.16
Usually ships within 2–11 business days.
Mexico City–based artist Francis Alÿs (b. 1959) has assembled a group of paintings depicting Saint Fabiola, a 4th-century saint who gave up all earthly possessions and devoted herself to the practice of Christian asceticism. All of the pictures in the collection are based on an original work—now lost—by the 19th-century French artist Jean-Jacques Henner. Alÿs's collection of Fabiola portraits, numbering in the hundreds and painted by amateurs and professionals alike, is the focus of this intriguing book. Not only does it examine the artist's exploration of collecting practices, but the publication also offers an unusual window into aesthetic, sociological, and anthropological values of the past century.
In addition to cataloguing each of the Fabiola works, the book includes Saint Jerome's eulogy for Fabiola (the primary source for Fabiola's biography), followed by an interpretive text on evolving hagiographies and saints' vitae, an analysis of the role of iconographic imagery in the practice of Catholicism, and art historical essays that focus on Alÿs's practice.
Artist: Francis Alys


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Hey charincol, can you answer my question in the thread:
What esle can one say, crazy fast turnaround on my Jasper to be Jtagged. I couldn't have chosen more wisely. From the information you provide to the members to the extraordinary service you provided to me. I am grateful. Yeah and to your comment that you "may or may not" have put a few extras together for me, your humor is always welcome here.
To anyone reading this message, understand I made a commitment months ago to have a console Jtagged by charincol. Let me tell you, he DID NOT disappoint! This box does everything except the dishes, no bs.
Christmas came early! Thanks
Charincol please,do i need to protect eFuses -http://www.xecuter.com/forums/showthread.php?t=74319 on RGH console or not? Thank you...
Thnx again for the coolrunner guide.. it helped me a lot for starting and figuring stuff out. Just did my first RGH without any problems.
It's sweet! But I can't figure out how to work the usb yet.
hey, I installed Kong's DD-WRT on my WNR3500L.
sorry i coudnt use internet last 3 days.can you just ceck my forum and give me another sugestoin?
the last on didnt work.
this is my forim link:
Up and Coming Legend
A Helping Hand


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Accutone Taurus
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Headlines around the NFL Monday
Some headlines on the Web Monday about the Packers and the NFC North:
Tyler Dunne, USA Today: Hamstring injury lands Matthews on list of walking wounded
'Without Matthews and Perry, undrafted rookie Dezman Moses and veteran Erik Walden would be the starting outside linebackers. Both players have been pleasant surprises this season.'
cbssports.com: Grades: Packers bye comes at a perfect time
'Given the way they've played as of late -- winning four-straight games after their collapse against the Colts in Week 5 -- it should be scary for other teams to see them beginning to heat up just in time to get healthy and then return with a vengeance against the rest of the NFL.'
cbssports.com: Report Card: Good win, bye week should allow for healing
'Aside from sustaining still more injuries, there was quite a bit to feel good about after the Packers' 31-17 win over the Cardinals on Sunday at Lambeau Field.'
profootballtalk.nbcsports.com: Cardinals have nothing but praise for Aaron Rodgers
'The Packers came into the game with a slew of injuries, including one that kept wide receiver Greg Jennings. Once the game got underway, they lost wide receiver Jordy Nelson, tackle Bryan Bulaga and Matthews to more injuries. According to Cardinals defensive end Darnell Dockett, none of that mattered because Rodgers was healthy.'
Peter King, SI.com: Fine Fifteen
7. Green Bay (6-3). The Packers need a bye like America needs to be rid of political ads. Green Bay needs to get Charles Woodson, Jordy Nelson, Jermichael Finley and about 16 other guys healthy. Heal, men. Lions in Detroit in 13 days, Giants in Jersey in 20.'
nfl.com: Ponder out as Vikings' QB? Frazier says no after latest loss
'Christian Ponder is supposed to be the Minnesota Vikings' present and future at quarterback. He hasn't looked that way of late.'
nationalfootballpost.com: Calvin Johnson expects knee issue to 'linger' all season
'Detroit Lions wide receiver Calvin Johnson sat out last week with an ailing left knee but looked pretty good on Sunday dominating the Jacksonville Jaguars in a 31-14 victory.'
60 Minutes: In case you missed it, Journal Sentinel TV and film critic Duane Dudek has a link to Aaron Rodgers' appearance on '60 Minutes'.
- 2016 preview: Packers to feel heat from hungry Jaguars
- Favre has fun during celebrity event at AmFam Championship
- Cohen's Corner: Wrapping up Packers minicamp
- Packers sign first-round pick Kenny Clark to complete 2016 class
- Packers make changes in the personnel department
- Jared Abbrederis earns lofty praise from McCarthy
- McCarthy: Packers training camp to open July 25
- McCarthy pleased with quality of work from off-season program
- Video: Packers minicamp day two: John Crockett, Corey Linsley, and Blake Martinez
- More Tony Horton workouts may be in Eddie Lacy's future


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The management degree program from Linfield College Online and Continuing Education will prepare you to conquer the complexities and challenges of the global business marketplace. Whether you plan to work in the public or private sector, our management degree program will build a foundation of knowledge and skills you need to become a confident leader and to achieve strategic goals.
With accreditation from the Northwest Commission on Colleges and Universities along with a rich history developing busness leaders through quality education, Linfield College Online and Continuing Education will prepare you for the challenges and rigors of a leadership position in the for-profit or not-for-profit industry. As an affordable and flexible alternative to the traditional college experience, Linfield students learn on their own schedule, finding a balance between school and life. From the very first stages of applying through graduation, students receive continual support through one-on-one academic advising. All faculty members share their real-world experience, and they are considered leaders in their fields. Online academic tutoring services help students stay on track, and research and library assistance ensure that students have access to all of the tools they need to excel. A degree from Linfield College Online and Continuing Education is widely accessible because of affordable tuition rates and financial assistance.
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The management degree program at Linfield College is designed for those who want to be an effective manager in any industry or field. With a curriculum based on modern principles and business theories, students learn to effectively manage human resources, financial resources, and industrial resources. Students also become adept in business law and marketing all while enhancing problem-solving skills.
The online management degree is designed to prepare students for a position of leadership. Along with integrated business management skills, students can expect well-rounded coursework that will help them make better business decisions. Students must complete at least two electives above BNMG 341 and the following required courses:
Additional Program Requirements
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College Hockey:Desbiens' shutout leads Wisconsin past St. Cloud State
ST. CLOUD, Minn. — Ann-Renée Desbiens improved to 8-0 with a 28-save shutout, and No. 2 Wisconsin beat St. Cloud State 4-0 on Saturday.
The Badgers ran their unbeaten streak to 16 games (14-0-2) behind a goal and an assist from Brittany Ammerman.
Sarah Nurse, Kelly Jaminski and Katy Josephs also scored for the Badgers (16-2-2, 12-2-2 WCHA).
Katie Fitzgerald made 41 saves for the Huskies (3-16-3, 2-12-2).
The following is a self-policing forum for discussing views on this story. Comments that are derogatory, make personal attacks, are abusive, or contain profanity or racism will be removed at our discretion. USCHO.com is not responsible for comments posted by users. Please report any inappropriate or offensive comments by clicking the "Flag" link next to that comment in order to alert the moderator.
Please also keep "woofing," taunting, and otherwise unsportsmanlike behavior to a minimum. Your posts will more than likely be deleted, and worse yet, you reflect badly on yourself, your favorite team and your conference.


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Healing Ministry of Divine Mercy - Welcome!
Am I not free? Am I not an apostle? Have I not seen Jesus our Lord? Are you not my work in the Lord? Although I may not be an apostle for others, certainly I am for you, for you are the seal of my apostleship in the Lord.
1 Corinthians 9:1-2


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It is said money does not buy happiness. One would think, though, gobs of money might afford one the convenience of not getting assaulted by their own sister-in-law. Mega-celebrity, Brooklyn Nets enthusiast and Beyonce's husband, Jay Z can now attest, it does no such thing.
Jay Z got into a bit of a dispute with Beyonce's sister following some gala, because that's what you do when you are Jay Z and Beyonce; you go to galas. If the grainy details are to be understood, it was not a dispute, so much as Solange Knowles attacking Jay Z in an elevator. The incident came to light when TMZ got their hands on the elevator security video, because that's what you do when you are TMZ; you offer people money to invade privacy and break laws then hide behind your soulless lawyers.
We are delighted for the role TMZ played in exposing current Clippers owner, Donald Sterling's idiocy. But they ran the Jay Z business admitting they don't know the reasons behind it. It could be a simple alcohol-induced rage, or Solange may have just learned she has a terminal disease brought on by excessive hair coloring. Either way TMZ acquired the tape from someone who stole it. More accurately, they gave their own gobs of money to someone who they know did not have permission to release the video, then ran it without any consideration for the individuals involved.
In their limited defense, TMZ does fine work shaming semi-covert bigots; Sterling, Alec Baldwin, Mel Gibson, etc. And if one of Justin Bieber's supposed friends sells TMZ a video of him peeing in a mop bucket, everyone gets what they deserve. But to reward someone who you know climbed Robert Pattinson's fence, or stole Lady Gaga's medical records, is not simply tasteless, but should itself be illegal.
Thus far, TMZ's legal representation has found the means to allow them to do what they do. One can only speculate (see hope) the involved lawyers, producers and consumers will, in the next life, stand side by side, neck deep in their beloved filth.


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Heater Field Replacement Kit for 82-14125 and 82-14126. Replacement recommended every five years.
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I ordered batteries and a set of test leads. I received them within three days of when I ordered them and I got a great price. Fast service and a great price - what more could you want.


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When you are sick or hurting, the most important thing in your life is getting better. Disabilities can range from frustrating to debilitating, and even just getting back to normal can seem impossible. Baptist can help you see that it is possible, and we will work with you to help you reach your rehab goals.
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DALLAS (SMU) - The SMU women's basketball team opened the 2004-05 campaign with a 55-45 win over visiting Sam Houston State Friday evening at Moody Coliseum on the campus of SMU. SMU improves to 9-5 in season openers under head coach Rhonda Rompola.
In the first half, both teams started off with an extremely quick pace, but could not get on the scoreboard. But Juli Colli hit the first basket of the year with a three-point field goal at the 18:49 mark - her first points as an SMU Mustang. The game was close until midway through the first half when SMU on a 8-0 run with just under four minutes remaining in the half and close out the first half with a 37-24 lead.
In the second half, SMU (1-0) upped its defensive intensity and created offense from its defense, extending its lead to 25 points (51-26) at the 12:09 mark. But SMU got ice cold from the field and scored only four points the rest of the game. Sam Houston State (0-1) chipped away at the lead but it was too much to overcome.
Topping all Mustang scorers was senior Shonte Roberts who collected 10 points in 13 minutes of play. Juli Colli added nine points with three steals. SMU's nine blocks tied the mark for the third-most collected in a single game.
SMU continues its homestand with a contest against Maine (0-2) Sunday afternoon at Moody Coliseum. Tip-off is slated for 2:00 p.m.


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Feb 12, 2013 9:50 AM
It's a new year. You are newly single. You are newly revived. And you are in search of something new to add to your morning routine that will serve as a reminder of how exquisite and vivacious you are. Issey Miyake Pleats Please Eau de Toilette ($66) is a breath of fresh air; a spirited souvenir of your new attitude that you can carry with you throughout the day. Enlightened by and elated with this new outlook on life, the only thing that can stop you now is you. And you stopped apologizing for yourself a long time ago.
If you've got a product or service that you'd like to promote on Outblush, click here to find out about our advertising opportunities.
Outblush is a blog for girls who love to shop. Our staff digs up the best clothes, home stuff, beauty items, and more. New items are posted every day — bookmark us and check out:


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Rip current risk high Friday night, all day Saturday for Brunswick beaches
Published: Friday, July 5, 2013 at 4:43 p.m.
Last Modified: Friday, July 5, 2013 at 4:43 p.m.
The rip current risk for Brunswick County beaches will remain high through 8 p.m. Friday, then again Saturday morning through evening, according to the National Weather Service in Wilmington.
"Strong rip currents will persist through Saturday as wind and wave conditions remain favorable for enhanced rip current activity," according to a rip current statement issued at 4:32 p.m. Friday.
Four people drowned this week after getting caught in rip currents on Brunswick County beaches. The statement said several rip current rescues were reported Friday in Brunswick County.
The strongest rip currents will occur within a two-hour window on either side of low tide, which will occur about 1 p.m. Saturday.
Rip currents are powerful channels of water flowing quickly away from shore which occur most often at low spots or breaks in the sandbar and in the vicinity of structures such as groins, jetties and piers.
The weather service offers this advice if you if you get caught in a rip current: Remain calm. Begin to swim parallel to shore. Once you are away from the force of the rip current, begin to swim back to the beach. Do not attempt to swim directly against a rip current.
- Jim Ware
Reader comments posted to this article may be published in our print edition. All rights reserved. This copyrighted material may not be re-published without permission. Links are encouraged.


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A Chihuahua/Chihuahua mix is safe after the Arkansas tornadoes that devastated many communities on April 27. This Facebook thread tells the story.
Just sweet dog was found in Vilonia near Beryl Rd. He's been well cared for, but is very scared right now. This boy is wearing a red collar without tags. He's neutered but not micro-chipped.
He has been taken to Faulkner County SPCA.
This Facebook group page is assisting, with information on rescue groups, where to have pets scanned or treated and other up to date information. Residents who find an animal are asked to hold onto it until it's owner is located.
Please leave a phone number where you can be reached if at all possible. Don't depend on people being able to reach you on Facebook.
Also remember to be very careful who you release a "found" pet to. Sadly, in other disasters, people have taken advantage of the situation and taken custody of pets that did not belong to them.
People who have lost everything don't need to deal with nefarious folks also.. These disasters bring out people who scam, so please beware.
If a pet is reunited with its owner, please post the story I've done on my Facebook wall saying we were successful.


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Then: President Abraham Lincoln signs the Emancipation Proclamation.
2013: The National Archives in Washington (DC) exhibits the original Declaration with associated programs Jan 1 and continuing through the month.
Then: The first Union effort to blockade Galveston Harbor ended after an unlikely and lucky Confederate land/sea attack against the Union blockading and occupation force. The blockade was temporarily lifted. Galveston stayed in Confederate hands throughout the war.
2013: Special tours and living history are scheduled in historic downtown Galveston Jan 11–13. www.galvestonhistory.org/Battle_Special_Events.asp
Then: A combined army-navy assault defeated Confederate forces in and around Fort Hindman at Arkansas Post (AR) on the Arkansas River near the Mississippi River. The Union success removed a nuisance to the Union operations on the Mississippi and opened up a route to the state capital at Little Rock.
2013: Living history programs and a reenactment commemorate the event at the Arkansas Post Museum in Gillett Jan 19–20 www.arkansasstateparks.com/events/battle-of-arkansas-post-150th-anniversary-85941


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As weekends go, this one will be pretty nice with lots of fair skies. The north wind will be bringing colder air, however. For a winter that has largely bypassed Houston (and in reality, much of the nation), this will be a stark reminder that "calendar" Spring is still three weeks away.
That northerly breeze may be strong to negate the chance of frost on Friday night. Not so in early Sunday morning, which will have the requisite clear sky, low dewpoints, and calm conditions. Given how numerical models have over-estimated temperature drops, I will say that some locations may be near or just below the freezing mark. That said, some communities in Walker and Montgomery counties may reach the 20s (F) before rescue by the bright sunshine on Sunday.
There is no mention of rain in this outlook, and I suspect that Texas will not see any important rainfall until around March 10. Readings will trend warmer, with humidity rising gradually beginning late next week. In a progressive pattern with a strong trough moving from southwest to northeast, the potential for thunderstorms of heavy to severe intensity may rise throughout the Lone Star State.
It is that "time of the year".....
Useful Links
Texas Meteorological Satellite Images - GOES — Texas Commission on Environment
GOES Project Science
Dundee Satellite Receiving Station
Weekend Forecast
Friday: Partly cloudy, breezy and chilly. Highs 55 Montgomery to 59 Rosenberg
Friday Night: Clear, breezy and cold. Lows 35 Dobbin to 39 Richmond
Saturday: Sunny and cool. Highs 57 Magnolia to 61 Sugar Land
Saturday Night: Clear and cold with frost possible. Lows 31 Stagecoach to 35 Stafford
Sunday: Mostly sunny, windy and milder. Highs 70 Klein to 74 Meadows Place
Extended Outlook
Monday: Partly sunny and warmer. High 79, Low 58
Tuesday: Partly sunny, windy and colder. High 64, Low 46
Wednesday: Sunny and mild. High 66, Low 45


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On Wednesday the 21st March 2012 I conducted a city and Soweto tour with 5 guests.
I started my tour from Krugersdorp and my first stop was at George Harrison park as it is the birth place of Johannesburg. I was disgusted, ashamed, shocked and furious to see what the state of the park was; - filthy, long grass, papers, bottles etc.
The area (shafts) where the first discovery of gold was made ,could not be seen with the trees , shrubs, weed, overgrowth and grass. There was no way that a photograph could be taken of the actual shafts. The photos attached shows the situation. I was very disturbed when we left the park and made a promise to myself that I would not leave it there.
We proceeded to Soweto with our first stop at Regina Mundi Church, at the traffic circle in front of the Church we found municipal workers cleaning the flower beds and circle. We proceeded to Vilakazi street and here we found workers fixing street lights and also staff doing garbage removal and cleaning up. Further down to the road leading to Orlando stadium, people from Water Board were repairing a water leak and cleaning up . This was a big surprise to me as it was a public holiday as well.
Thursday morning the 22nd March2012 at 8h00, I phoned the city parks department and eventually spoke to a lady by the name of Martha who is secretary to one of the managers, I explained the situation to her about George Harrison Park , and she informed me that she will get a manager to phone me a.s.a.p.
14h00 hours I phoned her and told her that nobody phoned me yet, she replied that she would get someone immediately. At +- 15h00 , Joseph Ndau a manager phoned me, I explained the situation of the park to him and the significance of this venue and what it is all about. Joseph was so exited after I told him of importance of the park, that he promised me that he would be at the park on Friday morning the 23rd with three of his staff members to clean up. I arrived at about 12h30 on Friday, and could not believe that they have done so much already.
I spoke to Joseph and his staff ,thanking them for their work and explained the significance to all of them. They were so surprised and also happy to be part of tourism in such a small contribution. Joseph have ensured me that they will maintain and clean the park on a weekly basis and also that he could be contacted directly on 0786299651 should anybody experience any problems at the park.
I am very thankful to Joseph and his team and also proud of them, I feel they deserve to be noted and thanked. Any tourist guide can now take tourists to the park with pride.
Kind Regards
Piet Nel
082 477 9323 (Mobile)
0866 232 190 (fax)
Thats awesome well done to city parks and Piet
Well that is good news. Great to report wonderful work done.
Well done Piet , it just shows you that we as guides can make a difference .
Hi, thank you very much job well done it shows that together we can do more, I am very proud of you my brother in tourism keep it up!!!
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Leave it to the United States to use the incendiary word "apartheid" as a potential outcome in Israeli politics. Hardly anything could have encouraged an already uncooperative Palestinian Authority from stubbornly digging in its heals even more.http://www.cnn.com/2014/04/29/politics/kerry-apartheid-controversy/
Kerry made the ill-advised comment at a closed door meeting of senior experts from Japan, Russia, Western Europe, and the United States. Kerry said this,
"Because a unitary state winds up either being an apartheid state with second class citizens, or it ends up being a state that destroys the capacity of Israel being a Jewish state."
A number of Jewish organizations in the Diaspora condemned Kerry for making such an outrageous claim.
The American Israel Public Affairs Committee said, "Any suggestion that Israel is, or is at risk of becoming an apartheid state is offensive and inappropriate. Israel is the lone stable democracy in the Middle East, and protects the rights of minorities regardless of ethnicity or religion".
The AIPA C declared that when Barack Obama was running for president in 2008, Obama stated "injecting a term such as 'apartheid' into the discussion does not advance the goal of a two-state solution. It's emotionally loaded, historically inaccurate, and it's not what I believe".
Either President Obama changed his mind or Kerry is making comments conflicting with America's own foreign policy which is a bad move on Kerry's part. It is unfathomable the nation's secretary of state would make such a foolish comment.
After a bristling rebuke from Israel supporters, Kerry issue a semi-retraction which he stated, "if I could rewind the tape, I would have chosen a different word".http://www.jpost.com/Opinion/Editorials/The-apartheid-fallacy-350824
Kerry is not endearing himself to Israel who had long been suspicious of Kerry for having anti-Israel views before he was named America's secretary of state.
The timing of Kerry's comments could not come at a worse time as Hamas and the Palestinian Authority have forged a reconciliation agreement. There just is not any good potential coming from any direction concerning a peace initiative that would not leave Israel holding the proverbial bag.
The Palestinians have rejected numerous peace attempts from Israel starting in 1947 with the UN Partition Plan. This continued during the 2000 Clinton parameters, a generous 2008 proposal, and as recently as last week with PA President Mahmoud Abbas signing an agreement, not with Israel, but with Hamas. One could hardly blame Israel for not wanting to negotiate with a terrorist organization committed to Israel's destruction.
It matters not where the borders are, Hamas is only interested in Israel's elimination as a country.