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Index of content:
Volume 41, Issue 11, 01 October 1970
APPOINTMENT OF NEW EDITOR41(1970); http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1658451View Description Hide Description
Disclination Loops in Polymers41(1970); http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1658452View Description Hide Description
Similar to the dislocations in polymers caused by chain displacement, disclinations are caused by chain kinking and twisting. Two simple kinds are considered, a twist disclination loop (due to chain twisting) and a wedge disclination loop (due to chain kinking). Their elastic properties are given including displacements, strain and stress fields, and strain energies. Some of their features are compared with those of dislocation loops. The role of disclination loops in the mechanical behavior of polymers is discussed.
Light Scattering by Anisotropic Shells41(1970); http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1658453View Description Hide Description
Solid‐state light scattering using a red laser source has been applied to the study of spherulitic shells of polyethylene and gelatin. The Hv scattering patterns from a collection of shells are qualitatively similar to that of a spherulite. However a single shell gives a scattering pattern wherein several orders of maxima within the recordable range are visible. The relative intensity of the higher‐order maxima depends on the thickness of the shell. Theoreticalscattering patterns have been calculated and are in general agreement with the experimental observation.
Ortho‐Positronium Annihilation in Nitric Acid Treated Polypropylene41(1970); http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1658454View Description Hide Description
The mean lives of positrons annihilating in nitric acid treated polypropylene were determined. A long‐lifetime component with a mean life of about 50 nsec appeared when the polypropylene was treated in hot nitric acid for more than three hours. This was obviously due to the annihilation of ortho‐positronium in the microcavities in the polypropylene etched by the action of nitric acid. It is suggested that nitric acid attacks the amorphous part of polypropylene first and leaves a skeleton of crystalline form filled with microcavities. The change of the mean life and the intensity of the long lifetime component with the change of the nitric acid treatment time is discussed. The value of the o‐Ps diffusion coefficient in polypropylene is estimated to be D>4.5×10−4 cm2 sec−1 and the potential of the barrier surrounding the o‐Ps in the cavity is estimated to be less than 1 eV.
Computer Models of Polyethylene Spherulites41(1970); http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1658455View Description Hide Description
In order to account for the morphology observed in surface replicas of polyethylene spherulites, two possible mathematical models are proposed. These are based on the requirement that lamellae with a given twist angle about the radius vector of the lamella form continuous surfaces. It was found possible to arrange the lamellae in such a way that the locus of all points of given lamellar twist within the spherulite was a continuous surface of three‐dimensional spiral form. A computer was used to plot out the ringstructure to be expected on sections through the models, and these were compared with the actual ringstructures observed on surface replicas of polyethylene spherulites. On all sections not passing through the spherulite center, both models show a double‐armed spiral form in keeping with observed structures. Sections passing through the centers of the models do not always give double‐armed spirals, depending on the model.
Glass Transition of Atactic Polystyrene by Ortho‐Positronium Decay41(1970); http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1658456View Description Hide Description
In solid polymers the mean lifetime τ2 of ortho‐positronium annihilating by pickoff depends upon the free volume. τ2 has been measured for five samples of relatively monodisperse atactic polystyrene over a temperature range from room temperature to 120°C. The number average molecular weight of the samples ranged from 50 100 to 640 000. For each sample the variation of τ2 with temperature indicated a glass transition about 13 deg below that measured on a differential scanning colorimeter. An increase in the glass transition temperature with molecular weight was observed. The τ2 lifetime, which depends upon the overlap of the positron component of the ortho‐positronium atom with the lattice wavefunction, seems to be very sensitive to the cooperative motion about the chain axis which is associated with the glass transition.
Paracrystalline Structure of Polymer‐Crystal Lattice Distortion Induced by Electron Irradiation41(1970); http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1658457View Description Hide Description
The melting temperature of polyethylene crystals decreases and the lattice constants (both a and b) and lattice distortion increase, but the macroscopic volume of the specimen does not change with electron irradiation. From these results a model of a deformed lattice structure with point defects produced by irradiation is proposed. Calculations indicate that the anisotropy of a polymer crystal (difference between the elastic modulus along the molecular axis and perpendicular to the axis) increases the range of the distortion in a crystal caused by a defect. The presence of lattice distortion in electron irradiated polymer single crystals produces observable features in the Moiré patterns obtained from the crystals.
Orientation and Structure of Polyethylene Crystallized under the Orientation and Pressure Effects of a Pressure Capillary Viscometer41(1970); http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1658458View Description Hide Description
A commercial high‐density polyethylene has been crystallized in the Instron Capillary Rheometer under the combined influence of pressure and orientation. A transparent high‐modulus, and highly oriented filament structure was produced. In order to determine quantitatively the degree of orientation, azimuthal x‐ray scans of the 002 reflection plane were used to obtain the orientation function of the orthorhombic unit cell relative to the flow axis in the rheometer (identified with the filament axis). A value of +0.996±0.002 was measured for this orientation function indicating that the backbones of the crystalline polyethylene chains were virtually aligned perfectly parallel to the flow axis of the rheometer. This report is concerned with the high‐resolution techniques required to measure such highly oriented samples. In conjunction with the x‐ray study, birefringence measurements are included which permit the determination of the orientation of the amorphous component as well as the crystalline component.
Characterization of Chain Folding in Poly(Ethylene Terephthalate) Fibers41(1970); http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1658459View Description Hide Description
Annealing treatments at elevated temperatures have been characterized by a specific infrared absorption assigned to the regularly folded chain segments in poly(ethylene terephthalate). The higher the annealing temperature, the more regular is the chain folding introduced into the fiber. When a fiber is free to contract, it will have a much larger amount of regular refolding than one which is held at constant length. Stretching is able to prevent refolding at low temperatures but in these experiments stretching was not able to prevent refolding at the highest temperatures. By comparing the above infrared results with small‐angle x‐ray diffraction and broadline nuclear magnetic resonance techniques, it is now possible to give validity to the interpretation that chain folds provide a structure which is a major contributor to the long period intensity and to the fluid‐like mobility at elevated temperatures. The external tension applied to a fiber during an annealing treatment will determine the internal shrinkage tension caused by the molecules during subsequent reheating. If chain refolding is allowed to occur during annealing, the potential for subsequent shrinkage and the amount of internal shrinkage tension are lowered, and higher temperatures are required to activate additional shrinkage. It thus appears that a major contributor to shrinkage and shrinkage tension in an oriented fiber is the refolding of molecules during thermal activation.
Polyoxymethlene Crystals Grown Within Irradiated Trioxane Crystals41(1970); http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1658460View Description Hide Description
The morphological development of polyoxymethylene crystals polymerized from and grown within trioxane crystals was observed following irradiation of the trioxane with alpha particles and a subsequent heat treatment. A novel method of sample preparation enabled the morphology to be observed in detail and resulted in the discovery of new forms of polyoxymethylene crystals as well as an improved description of previously reported forms. A solid‐gas‐solidcrystal growth mechanism was postulated to account for the predominantly acicular habit of the polyoxymethylene crystals.
Alpha Relaxation in Polyethylene41(1970); http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1658461View Description Hide Description
Data are presented to show that a previously reported correlation of the strength of the alpha relaxation in annealed solution‐grown crystals of polyethylene with the inverse of lamella thickness is not unique. Nor is a previously reported dependence of relaxation temperature on lamella thickness unique. As the lamella thickness changes with annealing temperature, the unit cell dimensions, the macroscopic density, and the residual solvent content of the crystals also change. Thus, there are apparent correlations between these parameters and the relaxation strength and temperature. Since it is not obvious which, if any, of these correlations is the fundamental one with regard to the alpha relaxation, some caution must be exerted in interpreting them. As an example of this, data are discussed to suggest that there is at least one other presently unknown parameter of importance to the relaxation.
Thermal Expansion of Polyethylene Unit Cell: Effect of Lamella Thickness41(1970); http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1658462View Description Hide Description
The unit cell dimensions have been measured at temperatures between 93 and 333 K for linear polyethylene samples with long periods of 385, 220, and 99 Å. The angular positions of 6 x‐ray diffraction lines were obtained at 5–10 K intervals with a powderdiffractometer and the positions corrected for beam penetration so as to agree with powdercamera results obtained with more lines at 296 and 155 K. At lower temperatures, the cell dimensions are nearly independent of long period, but at higher temperatures, the basal area of the cell appears to vary linearly with the reciprocal of the long period. The value of the slope increases with temperature and at 293 K is nearly the same for sets of data obtained with a number of different molecular weight distributions, crystallization and annealing conditions as well as for n‐paraffins. The specific volume data for all three polymer samples can be represented between 133 and 333 K with a standard deviation of 2.6×10−4 cm3 g−1 by the equationin which V is in cm3 g−1, T is °K and l 2 is the long period expressed in angstroms. It is concluded that the interaction of the molecules at the surface of the crystal is not as important as the length of the molecular stems between the folds in affecting the dimensions at higher temperatures. The stems probably alter the dimensions through their effect on the thermal energy. The dependence of crystal specific volume on crystal size is estimated to reduce the heat of fusion of small crystals by about 2% in the normal range of long period. Neglecting this in analyzing melting‐temperature‐lamella‐thickness data can lead to errors of the order of 3% in the surface free energy and 0.3 K in the equilibrium melting temperature. The variation of crystal specific volume accounts for about 5% of the variation of macroscopic specific volume and constant pressure specific heat with long period.
Stress Aging in Anhydrous Nylon 6–1041(1970); http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1658463View Description Hide Description
A delay time td to re‐establish steady‐state neck motion is observed if a partially drawn nylon 6–10 monofilament is aged for a time ta at a stress σ a below the stress used to propagate the neck in a tensilecreep experiment. The delay time increases as kσ ata m for long ta , where 0<m<1, as long as the neck is immobile. The factor k increases steadily with the aging temperature Ta below 40°C, the glass transition temperature Tg of amorphous nylon 6–10, but much more rapidly with Ta above Tg . Aging at σ a >0 is necessary to observe a delay time and, in fact, the effects of aging at σ a can be erased by subsequently aging a short time at zero stress. At aging stresses just below the propagation stress σ p , the neck still moves, but at a lower velocity than at σ p . In this regime the delay time increases as c(σ p −σ a ), where c is markedly increased by decreases in temperature. It is proposed that stress aging is caused by the stress‐induced formation of small regions of better interchain packing (microcrystals) in nominally amorphous portions of the nylon and that the delay time is the time necessary to break up the microcrystalline structure induced by stress aging into the structure characteristic of steady‐state flow. The breakup process is thermally activated with an activation enthalpy of 3.85 eV and stress activated with a shear activation volume of approximately 104 Å3. A modified Eyring model of flow is developed which assumes that the microcrystals are primary flow units which use up free volume in the amorphous regions as they are formed. This model accounts qualitatively for all, and quantitatively for some, of the features of the dependence of delay time on propagation and aging variables. Other theories, in particular free‐volume collapse and dislocation dynamics theories, cannot be reconciled with all the observed characteristics of stress aging.
Observations of Deformation in Spherulitic Polyethylene41(1970); http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1658464View Description Hide Description
A thin film marker technique is described for determining quantitatively from replicas the nonhomogeneous deformation modes operative in spherulitic polyethylene. Experiments were conducted at temperatures from −20° to 120°C and strain rates of the order of 0.04 sec−1. At −20°C, pronounced deformation at spherulite boundaries is observed. This results in stress concentrations which cause the accompanying nonhomogeneous deformation of the spherulites themselves to occur. At 70°C, corresponding to the α relaxation, the deformation has become almost entirely homogeneous within lamellae. At 120°C, corresponding to the α′ relaxation, lamellar boundary slip is clearly observed in addition to homogeneous deformation.
Creep of Polyethylene Above Room Temperature41(1970); http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1658465View Description Hide Description
Previous work has shown that the creep data of a slow‐cooled polyethylene can be superposed by means of a series of horizontal and vertical shifts to give a creep master curve at room temperature. The curve is smooth and regular with the exception of a discontinuity in the region of 2000 sec. In the time and temperature range of the measurements, polyethylene has two overlapping relaxation mechanisms, the α and α′. If it is assumed that the logarithmic decrements of the two relaxations are additive, the theory of linear viscoelasticity can be simply extended to cover this case, and it is shown that the discontinuity in the master creep curve arises quite naturally as a result of the differing activation energies of the two relaxations. This is a general conclusion and is independent of the nature of the relaxation mechanisms involved.
Thermoelastic Behavior of Rubber‐Like Materials at Large Deformations41(1970); http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1658466View Description Hide Description
The statistical theory of rubber‐like elasticity requires the energy contribution (fe/f) to be independent of the applied strain. We have in recent publications demonstrated that this stipulation is satisfied within the framework of the statistical theory. However, since this theory is only valid up to moderate strains (∼30%), the question then arises as to how fe/f behaves at large deformations. In this paper we have examined this problem in the context of phenomenological theories of finite elasticity. It is shown that only for neo‐Hookean strain energy function, which is equivalent to the statistical‐theory free‐energy function, is the value of fe/f a constant. For other strain energy functions, such as the Mooney‐Rivlin and Valanis‐Landel functions, fe/f must decrease with increasing strain. The implication is that in the elasticity of most real rubbers the intermolecular energies play a more important role than previously realized.
Dielectric Properties of Poly(2, 6‐Dimethyl Phenylene Oxide)41(1970); http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1658467View Description Hide Description
The dielectric relaxation of amorphous bulk poly(2, 6‐dimethyl phenylene oxide) (PPO) has been measured between −160° and 260°C over a frequency range extending from 0.1 to 10 kHz. Two broad loss peaks of comparable intensities are observed‐a high‐temperature α relaxation identified with the glass transition and a low‐temperature γ relaxation of uncertain origin. The intensity of the α relaxation can be well accounted for in terms of a loss of orientational dipolar correlation in a calculation based on a consideration of a rotational isomeric model and of the geometry of the PPO chain.
Birefringence Studies of the Relaxation of Ethylene‐Methacrylic Acid Copolymers and Their Salts41(1970); http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1658468View Description Hide Description
The strain‐optical coefficient of ethylene‐methacrylic acidcopolymers is measured in static and dynamic experiments as a function of temperature and degree of ionization. An alpha optical loss peak which corresponds to a mechanical loss peak is found for the ionized salt but not for the un‐ionized acid. This peak is associated with mobility of an ionized domain. Birefringence relaxation curves are found to be superposable using horizontal and vertical shift factors. A plot of the logarithmic shift factor against (1/T) gives a broken curve exhibiting two activation energies for the salt indicating contributions by two processes.
Rheo‐Optical Properties of ABS Polymers and their Component Materials41(1970); http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1658469View Description Hide Description
This paper reports results of studies of birefringence (Δ) in ABS systems and in two component materials,measurements which reveal information about the orientation and response of these materials to deformation. Continuous measurements of (Δ) at strain rates (ε̇) from 8.5×10−5 to 3.3×10−3 sec−1 were carried out with a He–Ne laser light source on polystyrene (PS), poly(styrene‐acrylonitrile) (SAN), and two clear ABS polymers.Measurements at constant ε̇ were related to mechanical response of the materials in creep, and two tests for the invariance of the stress optical coefficient were developed. These were achieved through comparison of computer‐generated plots of appropriate rheo‐optic functions with rheological counterparts derived from previous creep measurements via the convolution procedure of Hopkins and Hamming. Such comparisons indicated nearly identical constant time dependences for the respective logarithmic plots of (Δ/ε̇) and (stress/ε̇) vs time (t) for the PS and SAN polymers. Comparison of other functions confirmed the constant value of the stress optical coefficient (SOC) implied above, |(SOC)| being 1.0×10−12 cm2/dyn. This paper also presents results which indicate that the onset of yielding in the ABS systems can be studied by these optical techniques. It was observed that the increase in Δ in the two ABS systems was followed by the onset of a high degree of scattering which produced a maximum (M) in each plot of apparent Δ vs t, the height of M decreasing with increasing ε̇. The relevance of this latter phenomenon to the study of impact strength and yielding in ABS systems is discussed.
Infrared and Raman Spectra of the Cellulose from the Cell Wall of Valonia ventricosa41(1970); http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1658470View Description Hide Description
Comparison of the laser‐Raman spectra with the polarized infrared spectra of native cellulose from the cell walls of the algae Valonia ventricosa has allowed greater confidence to be placed on the vibrational assignments than was possible previously from infrared data alone. The major details of the chain conformation and packing are already known from x‐ray and electron diffraction studies, but the relative chain polarities and the nature of the intra‐ and intermolecular hydrogen bonding remain unknown. The present work indicates that only one rotational conformation is present for the −CH2OH side chains, which reduces considerably the number of structural possibilities.


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Worthy Causes
Donations Put to Work
Rifle Bullet
30 Caliber, .308", 110 Grain, Round Nose, 100/Box
The aerodynamic secant ogive of the Hornady InterLock delivers flat trajectories and great accuracy. It's tapered jacket allows for deep penetration and controlled expansion while the InterLock ring locks core and jacket together.
SPECIFICATIONS:Mfg Item Num: 3015 Category: RELOADING BULLETS & COMPONENTSBullet Type :Round NoseCaliber :30Diameter: .308"Weight :110 grBallistic Coefficient: .150Quantity :100 Per BoxBullet Material :Copper, LeadBullet Coating :CopperBullet Tip Material :LeadCannelure :NoCore Type :Lead

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Permanent URL to this publication: http://dx.doi.org/10.5167/uzh-12269
Heitzmann, D; Derand, R; Jungbauer, S; Bandulik, S; Sterner, C; Schweda, F; El Wakil, A; Lalli, E; Guy, N; Mengual, R; Reichold, M; Tegtmeier, I; Bendahhou, S; Gomez-Sanchez, C E; Aller, M I; Wisden, W; Weber, A; Lesage, F; Warth, R; Barhanin, J (2008). Invalidation of TASK1 potassium channels disrupts adrenal gland zonation and mineralocorticoid homeostasis. EMBO Journal, 27(1):179-187.
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TASK1 (KCNK3) and TASK3 (KCNK9) are two-pore domain potassium channels highly expressed in adrenal glands. TASK1/TASK3 heterodimers are believed to contribute to the background conductance whose inhibition by angiotensin II stimulates aldosterone secretion. We used task1-/- mice to analyze the role of this channel in adrenal gland function. Task1-/- exhibited severe hyperaldosteronism independent of salt intake, hypokalemia, and arterial 'low-renin' hypertension. The hyperaldosteronism was fully remediable by glucocorticoids. The aldosterone phenotype was caused by an adrenocortical zonation defect. Aldosterone synthase was absent in the outer cortex normally corresponding to the zona glomerulosa, but abundant in the reticulo-fasciculata zone. The impaired mineralocorticoid homeostasis and zonation were independent of the sex in young mice, but were restricted to females in adults. Patch-clamp experiments on adrenal cells suggest that task3 and other K+ channels compensate for the task1 absence. Adrenal zonation appears as a dynamic process that even can take place in adulthood. The striking changes in the adrenocortical architecture in task1-/- mice are the first demonstration of the causative role of a potassium channel in development/differentiation.
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Feb. 11, 2009
Friday, Feb. 13 - 3 p.m.
at UCLA's Sunset Canyon Recreation Center
No. 4 UCLA (5-2) vs. No. 5 San Diego State (6-0)
Saturday, Feb. 14 - 1 p.m.
at UCLA's Sunset Canyon Recreation Center
No. 4 UCLA (5-2) vs. No. 9 Loyola Marymount (3-1)
LOS ANGELES - The UCLA women's water polo team opens its home schedule and conference slate against No. 5 San Diego State on Friday, Feb. 13. Game time against the Aztecs is 3 p.m. The Bruins will host No. 9 Loyola Marymount the following day at 1 p.m. Last weekend, UCLA dropped two of three matches at the Stanford Invitational. One of the Bruins' two victories came against the U.S. Junior National Team (12-8) in an exhibition match and does not count in the team's official stats or record.
Seniors Tanya Gandy and Katie Rulon are the Bruins' two most veteran scoring threats. Entering this weekend's matches against San Diego State and Loyola Marymount, Gandy has scored 20 goals and Rulon has added 13. Rulon logged a team-high 62 goals as a junior in 2008 before earning third-team All-America honors. Gandy totaled 47 goals as a junior one year ago.
The Bruins' 2009 squad features 10 sophomores, including top scoring threat Priscilla Orozco. Entering this weekend's action against San Diego State and Loyola Marymount, Orozco has scored 10 goals, the third-highest total on the team. As a freshman in 2008, Orozco finished the season with 25 goals before earning All-MPSF Freshman Team honors.
Guiding a young team in 2009, UCLA's four seniors look to lead the Bruins to their fifth consecutive NCAA title. Anne Belden, Brittany Fullen, Tanya Gandy, and Katie Rulon have each played significant roles in leading UCLA to NCAA titles the past three seasons. Belden, Gandy and Rulon accounted for 32 percent of UCLA's total goals in 2008. Fullen served as UCLA's starting goalkeeper in 2008.
UCLA's program-record 46-game win streak came to an end on Saturday, Feb. 7, as then-No. 4 Hawai'i edged the Bruins, 13-12. UCLA's win streak currently stands as the longest in collegiate women's water polo history. Following a 7-6 loss at Stanford on April 14, 2007, UCLA won its next 46 games, spanning three different seasons. Along the way, the Bruins captured the 2007 and 2008 NCAA Championships.
The Mountain Pacific Sports Federation (MPSF) has reduced its number of women's water polo members from 13 to eight this season. Five previous members of the MPSF have joined the Big West Conference in women's water polo. Each MPSF team will play seven conference games in 2009, as UCLA hosts four MPSF matches and plays three conference games on the road. UCLA opens MPSF competition with its first home game, versus San Diego State, this Friday at 3 p.m.
As released by the Collegiate Water Polo Association (CWPA) on Wednesday, Feb. 11, UCLA has been ranked fourth in the Division I poll. USC and Stanford are ranked No. 1 and No. 2, respectively, and Hawai'i has captured the No. 3 spot. Following No. 4 UCLA are San Diego State (5), California (6), UC Davis and San Jose State (tied, 7), Loyola Marymount (9) and Arizona State (10). All eight MPSF programs are ranked in the top 10 spots in this week's poll.
Senior Brittany Fullen has totaled 351 career saves, currently the fourth-highest mark in program history. Fullen's current 4.08 career goals against average ranks as the third-lowest mark in the school's record book. Last season, Fullen established UCLA's single-season saves record, making 237 stops as the starting goalkeeper in all 33 matches. The San Clemente, Calif., resident earned second-team ACWPC All-America honors as a junior in 2008.
UCLA's schedule features eight home games to be played at Sunset Canyon Recreation Center. The home slate features San Diego State (Feb. 13) and Loyola Marymount (Feb. 14). UCLA takes on Hawai'i on Feb. 19 and welcomes California on March 7. After a non-conference match against UC Irvine (March 12), UCLA hosts a doubleheader on March 26 against Hartwick and Brown. The Bruins close their regular season at home versus USC (April 11).
In his 11th season as head coach of the women's water polo team, Adam Krikorian has tallied a 268-40 record. A four-year men's water polo letterwinner and 1997 UCLA graduate, Krikorian has been a part of 14 national championships in 16 seasons with the men's and women's water polo programs. Krikorian led the women's program to seven national championships (six NCAA). Krikorian has twice led the UCLA women's water polo program to undefeated NCAA championship seasons (33-0 record in 2005 and 2008, including perfect 12-0 MPSF marks in both seasons).


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Frank Sinatra: Summer Wind
Summer Wind
Frank Sinatra (vocals)
Strangers in the Night (Reprise 1017-2)
Frank Sinatra (vocals),
Orchestra arranged and conducted by Nelson Riddle.
Composed by Henry Mayer & Johnny Mercer.
Recorded: Los Angeles, April 11-16, 1966
Rating: 100/100 (learn more)
For some reason, every time I hear this song I think of Chicago and the winds blowing off Lake Michigan. I can feel the warm winds that soothe and the bitter winter winds that freeze your face and cut through you like a knife as you walk the downtown streets. This feeling is quite contrary to the facts on the ground. The lyrics "across the sea" don't exactly describe Lake Michigan. Plus there is an extreme lack of "golden sand" upon its shores. I have also read that Johnny Mercer's lyrics actually refer to the "Sirocco" winds, as the Italians call them, that blow from northern Africa into Europe. My imagination takes another hit as Sinatra's version of "Summer Wind" is the opening soundtrack theme of the great movie The Pope of Greenwich Village (1984). Greenwich Village, of course, is in neither Chicago nor Italy. But, hey, at least the film is about some Italians! So now the evidence points towards a wonderful summer at the Venetian Riviera.
In any case, and with all due respect to serious Sinatraphiles who may feel differently, this is the best performance of his career. Nelson Riddle's arrangement, beginning with the fantastic organ intro, is as cool as cool can be. Then Frank enters, even cooler! His message is forlorn but his delivery is smooth, measured and calm. He acknowledges that he can't sleep with the memory of a lost love. But you never get the feeling that he won't find another. There is always next summer in Chicago. Or wherever . . .
Reviewer: Walter Kolosky
Tags: jazz vocals · summer wind
// Jan 11, 2009 at 10:08 AM
Couldn't agree more. Riddle's use of organ on this album still sounds wonderfully unique. It just makes you wish that Frank had used Riddle (and Ogerman for that matter) later into the 60's, rather than the bombastic and increasingly tedious arrangements that he did. I've always wondered if the family would allow some of Frank's later performances to be stripped off and laid against new and (hopefully) better arrangements. Herr Ogerman is still with us - anyone care to ask him if he's interested?
Bill Hales
// Mar 16, 2009 at 03:03 AM
This is as good as it gets, even up there with some of his best from the 1950's.


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Smart has brought new vehicles at the 2012 Bologna Motor Show Italian première. Among the cars on stage, the most innovative is definitely Smart ForStars, prototype introduced to the public at the 2012 Paris Motor Show. Smart ForStars is powered by the same electrical system of Smart Brabus ED and is equipped with highly advanced technical solutions and futuristic details.
Smart has also displayed its current line-up of cars, as well as some special editions such as Smart Iceshine, featuring a unique light-blue paint-job and specific white painted details, such as rims, door mirrors, Tridion Safety Cell and front grille surrounding. Smart is also introducing the Smart Brabus 10th Anniversary limited edition, characterised by a beefed up, aggressive look, and particular aesthetics that celebrate 10 years of collaboration between Smart and Brabus.
In Bologna, also the third generation of Smart Electric Drive that produces a power output of 55 kW and reach a top speed of 145 km / h with a sprint from standstill to 60 km / h in just 4.8 seconds. The 17.6 kWh battery, the same that equips the Smart ForStars, and has a range of around 145 Km with a full charge, which usually takes about 6 hours. The car is offered at a starting price of 15,900 Euro (£12,900).


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ORONO, Maine -- The University of Maine football team heads to Delaware for a game to be broadcast live on Comcast SportsNet New England on Saturday at 3:30 p.m.
The University of Maine football team (1-3, 0-1) plays its first conference road game of the season at Delaware (4-1, 1-1).
Maine is coming off a 35-14 loss to Villanova.
Maine QB Marcus Wasilewski passed for a career-high 409 yards (first UM QB with 400 yards passing since Chris Treister vs. URI in 2009) while WR Arthur Williams caught three passes for 104 yards and a score and; WR Maurice McDonald made 10 catches for 93 yards and now has 1,086 career receiving yards on 105 catches.
Maine DB Kendall James had a game-high 10 tackles and broke up two passes.
McDonald is aiming for his third-consecutive double-digit catch game.
The Blue Hens are coming off a 34-14 loss to New Hampshire.
RB Andrew Pierce rushed for 82 yards against the Wilscats and leads the team while ranking third in the CAA with 476 yards in five games (95.2 ypg).
Last season in Orono, Maine scored 17 unanswered points in the fourth quarter to win 31-17; TE Justin Perillo made four catches for 62 yards while WR Damarr Aultman had three catches for 49 yards and a score with DB Darlos James notching five tackles and an interception.
Maine is looking for its third win in its last four CAA road-opening games and its second win in three games at Delaware Stadium.
When:Saturday, Oct. 6, 2012
Where: Newark, Del.
Stadium (Capacity): Raymond Field at Delaware Stadium(22,000)
Surface: FieldTurf
Kickoff: 3:30 p.m.
Series Record: Delaware , 23-8
Current Winning Streak Maine, 1
Maine: -/-
Delaware: 16/15
Maine: Jack Cosgrove (Maine '78)
Career Record (Seasons): 107-115 (20th Season)
vs. Delaware: 4-9
Delaware: K.C. Keeler (Delaware '81)
Career Record (Seasons): 173-68-1 (20th Season)
vs. Maine:5-3
The game will be broadcast live on Comcast SportsNet New England.


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Skydiving.com now has a network skydiving location serving Unity and Baker County in Oregon. Call Skydiving.com at 1-800-617-7948 for details, free information and specials on skydiving in Unity, OR today!
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The Soviets created a new design bureau to copy the Sidewinder. Fabrication of the crystal for the infrared sensor was the main obstacle. The initial production batches had a 99% rejection rate. A state commission was set up to get to the bottom of the problem, but couldn't find a solution. The main problem seemed to be low-quality ore provided by the mines.
Sleep time tonight will be back at regular time (5:30pm).
In the DC1 'Pirs', the CDR & FE-1 continued preparations for the EVA-20 on 7/10-11, with the DC1 comm links configured for their presence. Activities by Volkov & Kononenko today focused on
Functional testing of the Russian BETA-08 ECG (electrocardiogram) lead cable belts, worn under the Orlan-M suits, using the Gamma-1M medical complex from the PKO medical exam panel,
Transmission tests, after setting up the Orlan 'Tranzit' communications links via the suits' BRTA radio telemetry units, with the ground via RGS VHF, for spacesuit voice, telemetry & biomedical parameters; followed by
Restoring nominal communications setup in the DC1, and
Configuring the backup Orlan #25 for stowage mode, leaving Orlans #26 (FE-1) & #27 (CDR) ready for use on the upcoming spacewalk.
In the U.S. 'Quest' Airlock, FE-2 Chamitoff continued post-1J EVA activities, terminating the 13-hr discharge process on the last 16-volt EMU (Extravehicular Mobility Unit) battery in the BCM-3 (Battery Charger Module 3) from yesterday. (BCM-4 is currently nonfunctional. The discharge process, originally handled manually by a crewmember, is an automated procedure controlled from an A31p SSC (Station Support Computer) laptop with a special DOS application.) Additional Details: ISS On-Orbit Status 06/20/08.


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The Language Creation Society is organized as a California 501(c)3 nonprofit corporation, certified tax exempt by both the IRS and California Franchise Tax Board.
The LCS originated from the UC Berkeley student group, also named the Language Creation Society (UCB-LCS). UCB-LCS is a subsidiary of the ASUC, a tax-exempt California non-profit association, and is the group that entirely ran the first LCC and handled most of the finances for LCC2.
You can reach the LCS by emailing email@example.com.
LCS Officers and Board of Directors
LCS Members
Support the LCS
Become a Member
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The LCS seal (shown in the header) incorporates the main elements of the Conlang Flag, plus our slogan, our name, and our year of incorporation; it was designed by Paul Schleitwiler and Greg Shuflin.


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In the shade of a lean-to, on a table covered with a sheet of orange plastic, Oxfam's Ahmed Mohamed sets down a bowl of fruit. Much of it has come from a private Garden of Eden not far from the center of Kebkabiya, a small town in North Darfur, Sudan, in which about 60,000 displaced people have settled in the last three years. They have fled the violence that has wracked the region since early 2003 and are now waiting for peace promised – but not yet delivered – in a deal signed in May.
While they wait, they continue to rely on food handed out by the United Nation's World Food Program, an offering that has varied little in the three years it has kept them alive: sorghum, beans, oil, salt, a little bit of sugar. To keep it coming, that agency is going to need a heap of support.
On our flight from Khartoum to Darfur yesterday, the stewardess offered passengers copies of the Sudan Tribune. In a front-page story, the paper warned that the UN food program needs $746 million this year if it is going to be able to feed more than 6 million hungry people across Sudan, including here in Darfur.
Reading that story made me think about the balance of things in Sudan and Khartoum, where an enormous change has swept the capital since my last visit nearly two years ago: the city feels prosperous with its western-style shops, new buildings, Internet cafes, and streams of cars—all luxuries oil money has showered on the people there. Had any of that wealth made its way out to Darfur, I wondered? The Tribune headline left me doubtful.
Mangoes, oranges, and bananas fill Ahmed's bowl. The public health engineer here in Kebkabiya, he and Jackson Wayongo, a well driller from Kenya, are sharing their house with us for the next few days. In this hot, dry climate where my tongue and lips feel constantly parched, drinks are the first thing they offer us when we drag in the door, and now they have provided lunch.
The fruit in the bowl has a uniform plumpness: squat bananas, sweet and cool, are about as tall as the mangoes, and the oranges are only a little wider. Water is the source of the bounty in this bowl—water that is growing scarce as the dry weather hangs on day after day in Kebkabiya.
The wet season is supposed to start in July, and though occasional bursts have left a few muddy puddles in some of the dirt tracks through which we drive, replenishing rains have so far held off this first week of the month. Everyone is waiting. The wells are running low.
We take a tour of the water system Oxfam has helped to install in this community packed with displaced people. It's the first one Kebkabiya has ever had, says Ahmed.
"It's not a small system. It's big," he says. "Pipelines, tap stands, tanks, pumps, chlorination, bacteriological tests—daily."
Tap stands—the end point in the system from which people draw their water—are busy places. So are the hand pumps, where women and girls take turns at the handle, often throwing their whole bodies into the chore in a kind of rhythmic dance. It looks tiring.
Photo: With four pairs of hands on the pump, this gang of girls in Kebkabiya, North Darfur, can fill a 20-liter jerrican in one and a half minutes Credit: Eva-Lotta Jansson/Oxfam
Caretakers monitor the generators that power the pumps that feed the system's massive holding tanks, called T45s. The caretakers chlorinate the water daily to ensure its cleanliness. But there is not much they can do when the rain won't come and the wells run low, except to scrounge for more water. In a dry wadi—a seasonal river bed—the Oxfam engineers have installed a second, temporary pump connected to a water source underground in the hope of preventing a nearby well from running dry. So far, the engineers are winning the race.
As the afternoon wears on, dark clouds begin to pile up over a range of jagged mountains in the distance. People glance at the sky hopefully. Will the clouds come this way bringing rain with them? A burst of wind holds hope. It kicks up a mad spiral of dust that slams into a block of compounds, eliciting a panicked braying from the donkeys hovering nearby. A few drops fall, but only enough to pock the sandy soil.
I think about water here in Africa—in dusty red Ethiopia from where I have just come—and now in the dry, rocky desert we flew over in a United Nations helicopter to reach remote Kebkabiya. Here, nearly 80,000 people depend on the crystal clear supply that bursts from the pumps Oxfam has installed. Without it, could all these people—three-quarters of them displaced by the conflict—survive here?
Red, black, yellow—those are the colors we saw down below from the helicopter. No green, except the faintest hint of it in overgrazed stretches of pasture and in the occasional cluster of trees somehow pulling life from the bone-dry wadis. That's why a small, square plot of cultivated land carefully divided into about six sections on the edge of a village caught my eye as we roared over. It was so green it looked electrified. Water—and hard work—are the secrets to that desert miracle.
Without water, there would be no bowl of fruit at lunch to honor us visitors, there would be no garden in Kebkabiya, no private oasis in the middle of the parched landscape. After lunch, we visit that garden—or the edge of it since it's private—and I think about the mangoes that grow there.
"They have three wells," Ala Eldeen Mohamed tells me, as we look across the dry fields of the local residents to the island of dense green. Ala is a water and sanitation officer for Oxfam and knows all there is to know about water delivery in this poor town. "The man is a rich man. He's a very rich man."
I think about the oil money coursing through Khartoum and everything it is buying for the people in the capital. Couldn't they share some of it to buy more water—more wells, pumps, irrigation systems—for the farmers in Kebkabiya, too?


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Circadian rhythm is the name given to the roughly 24 hour cycles shown by physiological processes in plants and animals. (The term circadian comes from the Latin circa, meaning "around" and dies, "day", meaning literally, "around a day.") It was initially discovered in the movement of plant leaves in the 1700s by the French scientist Jean-Jacques d'Ortous de Mairan.
The circadian rhythm is neither fully dependent on nor fully independent of external cues such as sunlight and temperature. Early researchers identified that some sort of "internal" rhythm must exist, because plants and animals did not react immediately to artificially-induced changes in daily rhythms. However it has been well established that a mechanism for adjustment also exists, as plants and animals will eventually adjust their internal clock to a new pattern (if it is sufficiently regular).
Circadian rhythms are important in determining the sleeping and feeding patterns of all animals, including humans. There are clear patterns of brain wave activity, hormone production, cell regeneration and other biological activities linked to this 24 hour cycle.
The circadian rhythm is linked to the light/dark cycle. Animals kept in total darkness for extended periods eventually function with a "free running" rhythm. Each "day" their sleep cycle is pushed back- or forward (depending whether they are nocturnal or diurnal animals) by approximately one hour. The human free-running circadian rhythm is close to 25 hours - cues from our environment help keep us on a 24 hour track. Free running organisms still have a consolidated sleep/wake cycle when in environment shielded from external cues, but the rhythm is not entrained and may become out of phase with other circadian, or ultradian rhythms (e.g. temperature and digestion). This research has influenced the design of spacecraft environments, as systems that mimic the light/dark cycle have been found to be highly beneficial to astronauts.
The circadian "clock" in mammals is located in the suprachiasmatic nucleus (SCN), a distinct group of cells located in the hypothalamus. Destruction of the SCN results in the complete absence of a regular sleep/wake rhythm. Contributing to this clock are light receptors found in the retina which have a pathway, (called the retinohypothalamic tract), leading to the SCN. Interestingly, if cells from the SCN are removed and cultured, they will maintain their own rhythm in the absence of external cues.
Sleep is controlled by neurotransmitters, which act on neurons in the brainstem and in the spinal cord. Signals produced by the SCN travel to different regions of the brain. It regulates other functions associated with the sleep cycle such as body temperature, hormone secretion, urine production, and changes in blood pressure. The sleep/wake cycle in humans is dependent on light and temperature. A change in these could shift or disrupt the cycle. External factors that affect the circadian rhythm are called zeitgebers. These could be anything from an alarm clock to meal times.
There are many health problems associated with a disturbance in the sleep circadian rhythm. These can be temporary or due to a lack in the circadian rhythm in the body. These include Seasonal Affective Disorder (SAD) where the rhythm is disturbed due to the change in length of day, delayed sleep phase syndrome (DSPS) which is caused by a circadian rhythm abnormality causing the sufferers body to want to sleep later than normal. More temporary problems include jet lag and problems caused to those working late shifts.
Melatonin is an internal factor affecting the circadian clock. Melatonin is produced by the pineal gland and it has a day/night function. It peaks during darkness and lowers during the day. Melatonin has been shown to shift biological rhythms. There is a correlation with the circadian rhythm so melatonin can be used to shift the rhythm in terms of therapeutic measures. This not only includes human health problems but other cycles such as in sheep to control breeding cycles.
Circadian rhythms seem to fit the profile of brain equals behavior when looked at through the human perspective. The brain takes in inputs along with signals it creates to create an output. What is left unexplained can be seen when thinking backwards. Are circadian rhythms controlled by the brain if organisms without brains posses them? Cyanobacteria lack brains but still respond to circadian rhythms. Aside from cyanobacteria it can be said that plants have a circadian clock which controls photosynthesis and flowering. If this is true what part of the rhythm is controlled by the brain. Could it be that the basic function of circadian rhythms lacks the need of a brain, which is used for only higher functions of rhythms? If this is so where do the rhythms come from.
It appears that the SCN takes the information on day length from the retina, interprets it, and passes it on to the pineal gland (a pea-like structure found on the epithalamus), which then secretes the hormone melatonin in response. Secretion of melatonin peaks at night and ebbs during the day. The SCN does not appear to be able to react rapidly to changes in the light/dark cues.
Recently, evidence has emerged that circadian rhythms are found in many cells in the body--outside of the SCN "master clock." Liver cells, for example, appear to respond to feeding rather than light. Cells from many parts of the body appear to have "free-running" rhythms.
Disruption to rhythms usually have a negative effect in the short term. Many travelers have experienced the condition known as jet lag, with its associated symptoms of fatigue, disorientation and insomnia. A number of other sleep disorders are associated with irregular or pathological functioning of the circadian rhythms.
Scientists have long known that light plays an important role in regulating the human body's daily biological rhythms "also known as circadian rhythms" including the sleep-wake cycle, alertness, and hormone production. At night and under conditions of darkness, the pineal gland produces melatonin, a hormone closely related to the body's master clock. Using techniques from visual psychophysics, LRC researchers are gaining a better understanding of the mechanisms that convert light into neural signals in the human circadian system. A recently published LRC study is the first to show evidence of a "color" mechanism in the circadian system that controls melatonin suppression when humans are exposed to light.
Normally, melatonin levels rise in the evening, remain high for most of the night while we sleep, then drop in the morning as we awaken. In recent years, researchers have learned that bright white light suppresses melatonin. Previous studies have also suggested that melatonin suppression reacts differently to light of varying wavelengths, specifically showing a maximum sensitivity to short-wavelength ("blue") light. Further research has shown that the cones and rods of the eye, which receive and transmit signals about light to the brain and body, get help from a photoactive substance named melanopsin when it comes to melatonin suppression in humans. Melanopsin is found in a subset of retinal ganglion cells.
A recent study published in NeuroReport by LRC researchers, with Professor Robert Parsons of Rensselaer's biology department, shows that 18 lux of blue light from light-emitting diodes is more effective at suppressing melatonin levels than 450 lux of clear mercury white light because a "spectral opponent mechanism" likely contributes to the circadian system's response to light, also known as circadian phototransduction.
"Our preliminary evidence shows that opponency of some kind is involved in the suppression of melatonin by light in humans, making white light found in buildings much less effective at suppressing melatonin than was previously thought," said Dr. Mariana Figueiro, LRC Light and Health researcher.
For color vision, three types of cones (short, middle and long wavelength) process color information in the retina. The visual system separates cone responses into color information processed by two opponent channels, the red vs. green and the blue vs. yellow channels.
In these opponent channels, light in one wavelength region (e.g., blue) increases a neural response, while light in the opposing region (e.g., yellow) decreases it. The right balance of energy in the opposing wavelength regions will result in a null response in that channel, signaling that there is no color, and indeed that there is no light at all.
Though biologists understand how opponency works for color vision, the LRC study is the first to find the existence of spectral opponency in circadian phototransduction. Figueiro explains the concept of opponency for the circadian system: "Similarly, in the case of the circadian system, it seems that a sufficient balance of light in each wavelength region results in a null response by the circadian system, just as if there is no light at all." As part of their study, Figueiro, Parsons, and LRC researchers John Bullough and Mark Rea showed that a spectral opponent mechanism was consistent with their data, as well as with other previously published data on the suppression of melatonin by light in humans.
"In the past, we thought the human circadian system was additive, meaning if a certain amount of blue light and a certain amount of yellow light each produced the same level of melatonin suppression, then half of these amounts of blue and yellow added together would produce the same level of melatonin suppression," said Figueiro. However, this theory is contradicted by study results showing a small amount of blue light producing a stronger suppression than a much greater amount of white light (blue plus yellow), suggesting the existence of spectral opponency in the human circadian system.
"It seems that the circadian system in diurnal (active during the day) humans is preferentially sensitive to blue light, presumably the blue sky," said Mark Rea, LRC director.
These findings show promise for a number of practical applications, including improving sleep quality in patients with Alzheimer's disease, advancing treatments for seasonal affective disorder, and studying effects of light on night-shift workers and premature infants.
In short, various internal and external factors are at play in regulating the circadian rhythm.
The paper, "Preliminary Evidence for Spectral Opponency in the Suppression of Melatonin by Light in Humans" by Figueiro, Bullough, Parsons and Rea, is published in the February 9, 2004 issue (Volume 15, Number 2) of NeuroReport.
DISCLAIMER: The information in this column, is NOT intended to diagnose and/or treat any health related issues and is provided solely for informational purposes only. Consult the appropriate healthcare professional before making any changes to your healthcare regime. Even what may seem like simple changes in the diet for example, can interact with, and alter, the efficiency of medications and/or the body's response to the medications. Many herbs and supplements exert powerful medicinal effects. Neither the author, nor the website designers, assume any responsibility for the reader's use or misuse of this information.


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By Ralph AnsamiDaily Globe
June 29, 2013 | Vol. 94, No. 152
Ralph Ansami/Daily Globe
A DEER is about to give birth near the Hurley K-12 School.
It's that special time of year when critters of all types are showing up along and on roadways across the Gogebic Range.
Driving past the Hurley K-12 school last Saturday, I noticed a doe about to give birth in the ditch. I didn't want to startle the animal, so I drove down the road a bit and pulled over, taking a photo from afar.
The deer hopped into the heavy woods, a safer place to welcome its fawn into the world.
Quite a few fawns were spotted on the Iron County Board's annual highway tour two weeks ago. Spotting wildlife on the tour is an added benefit for the participants.
On the way home from work two nights in a row, I nearly ran over porcupines waddling across U.S. 2 in Kimball. The quilled creatures may be experiencing a spike in numbers, or it may have just been a coincidence. They've also been turning up in roadkill along the highway.
I've heard from many people who have spotted black bears on the prowl, with some seeing multiple bears.
My first brook trout fishing venture resulted in an aggressive assault by an army of mosquitoes that cut my trip to about 20 minutes. I landed eight trout, but couldn't stand the stinging punishment.
On that trip along the trail, I spotted a rarity on the Gogebic Range, a real live cottontail rabbit. I hadn't seen a rabbit in the woods in a long time.
I also saw a turkey along the trail. I've seen about five times as many turkeys in the wild in the past several years as rabbits. I guess the big birds are imposing for predators, while the rabbits sure aren't.
I know there's been some sort of critter at the bird feeder in the front yard, most likely a raccoon, because a big brick of peanut butter disappeared overnight. I imagine a coon would be in heaven with that unexpected treat.
Baby grouse, turkeys and fawns are crossing roadways. Slow down and watch, but give them distance. They're just learning what life in the Northwoods is all about.
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This community is a place to ask any parliamentary procedure questions you might have and/or share resources. The community's facilitator is Shane Dunbar, MEd, PRP, PAP, LP.
Shane Dunbar (MEd) is a "retired" Agriculture teacher, high school Assistant Principal, and Vocational Director. He is certified as a Professional Registered Parliamentarian and Professional Accredited Parliamentarian. He owns over 15 copyrights dealing in Parliamentary Procedure and was awarded the Distinquished Service Award by the National FFA Organization. He has conducted over 500 parliamentary procedure workshops nationwide for teachers and students. He judged the National Collegiate Parliamentary Procedure Contest and the National FFA Parliamenary Procedure CDE numerous times, and coached teams that placed 3rd and 1st nationally. He is also the Parliamentarian for the Society for Agricultural Education Parliamentarians (SAEP). He is also a "Life Member" of the National FFA Alumni Association.


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- Location:
- Brisbane, Queensland
- Party Albums:
- 10
Little Monsters Halloween Party (13 photos)
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Little Monsters Halloween DIY Printable Set
Live, bright fun and not too spooky – perfect for a first Halloween! Your little ones will love this cute little set to put any Halloween party on the map. I went for something different other than witches and ghosts and pumpkins and let the "monsters out" for this one.
This printable set include a 4"x 6" Fill-in Invitation, 2" Party Dots for cupcake toppers, food and favor labels and decorations, cupcake wrappers and halloween bunting. All for just $6 in my Etsy shop now. Just buy, print and create!


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Hard to believe we're already in Week 10. I'm having to grudgingly admit that that kid from Stanford is having a better year than I thought he was going to and even my football savant offspring is telling me its time for me to hang up my Cal/Stanford rivalry scarf and admit the kid's good.
Okay, The kid's good. Call me when he has a Superbowl ring. Meanwhile I'll still be doing the "discount double check" dance with the guy that almost brungded us to the Rose Bowl, Aaron Effing Rodgers.
In the meantime, more than half the teams in the NFL have .500 records and while I'm having crow for lunch today dealing with personal football rivals, it looks like the undefeted Atlanta Falcons are having a superb season as Matt Ryan and company marches into the Superdome. At this point in the Saints season, all I seem to be cheering for is for Breezy to continue his touchdown streak.
Here are this week's matchups – have a cold beer and if it's not too cold outside for the grill, have a burger or two for me:
Raiders @ Ravens
Broncos @ Panthers
Giants @ Bengals
Titans @ Dolphins
Lions @ Vikings
Bills @ Patritors
Falcons @ Saints
Chargers @ Bucanneers
Jets @ Seahawks
Cowboys @ Eagles
Rams @ 49ers
Texans @ Bears
Mondays's Game
Chiefs @ Steelers
Byes this week – Browns, Cardinals, Packers, Redskins


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PriceGong is all about saving you time and money when you shop online.
PriceGong identifies the exact product you are looking for and displays a small separate browser window (known as a slider) in the bottom right corner of your existing browser with alternative offers.
PriceGong is an additional service provided to you by your browser toolbar. You can find the PriceGong button on the toolbar and use it to get more info about the service.


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Skydiving.com now has a network skydiving location serving Buffalo and White County in Indiana. Call Skydiving.com at 1-800-617-7948 for details, free information and specials on skydiving in Buffalo, IN today!
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Sony 75-300mm f/4.5-5.6 - £195/$250
This is the only lens, apart from the Sigma 70-300mm APO, that manages to duck under the £200/$250 barrier. Despite being more expensive than the Sigma, however, the Sony 75-300mm f/4.5-5.6 lens feels a lot more basic.
It lacks the Sigma's unusual macro facility or even a focus distance scale. Indeed, there are no switches at all on the barrel, so AF/MF switching has to be done via the camera body.
Autofocus is based on a basic electric motor that is slow, noisy and causes unpleasant vibrations in the lens itself. By contrast, manual focusing is quite precise, although the focus ring is awkwardly situated right at the front of the lens. Focusing isn't internal, so the front element rotates and moves out.
Build quality isn't great, reflected by the fact that this lens is the most lightweight in the group.
Sharpness isn't great at 70mm, peaks to a respectable level at 135mm, but then drops alarmingly at 300mm. Pincushion distortion is quite apparent in the longer end of the
zoom range and, at 300mm, colour fringing is very noticeable.
As well as its slow autofocus performance, there's a lot of hunting in dull lighting conditions, and the lens often fails to lock onto targets. Overall, performance is disappointing, and the Sony 75-300mm is proof that it's not always best to stick with the camera maker's own-brand glass when buying lenses.
Sharpness test
Mediocre at 75mm, it musters a respectable level of sharpness in the middle of the zoom range, but is downright disappointing at 300mm.
Fringing test
Not too bad at wider and mid-range zoom lengths, colour fringing becomes a real problem at 300mm across most of the frame.
Distortion test
There's not too much in the way of distortion at any zoom setting. It's only really pincushion distortion that's noticeable at 300mm.
Image test verdict
A lack of sharpness and noticeable colour fringing make this Sony lens's image quality the least impressive of any lens in the group.


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Rated 4.5 out of 5 by 2 reviewers.
Rated 5 out of 5 by KathySLC Just what I wanted I have a collection of unmatched white dishes and have been looking for square bowls just like this. They are the perfect size and I got them on sale, yay! April 19, 2016
Rated 4 out of 5 by gabe Good product I like the bowls I recently ordered. That said, I should have payed better attention to the size of them as they seem a bit small. I wanted to replace bowls that I had for years that I could use for cereal. These bowls are a bit small and it seems likely that I'd have to fill it twice to feel full… December 10, 2013
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DCPC Representative Needed
The PTA Board is in need of a person to act as the DCPC Chairperson for the 2012/13 school year. DCPC is the Dunwoody/Chamblee Parent Council, a well organized group of concerned parents and citizens representing the northern part of the Dekalb County School System. There are monthly meetings on the first Wednesday of the month (excluding August and May) at 9 am, hosted at local schools in the area. The topic each month is set by the Council and are always pertinent to our area, attracting high DCSS officials as speakers.
This role requires attending the monthly meetings to represent Montgomery and providing a written summary of the meetings that may be distributed to the Montgomery teachers and parents. In addition this role encourages more Montgomery participation in the DCPC meetings. This position requires about 2 hours per month.
If you are interested, please contact Amy Houlihan at firstname.lastname@example.com.
Directory Co-Chair Needed
The PTA Board is also looking for a Co-chair for the school Directory to work with Nancy Lovejoy. This position involves compiling student information using registration forms, gathering teacher information, compiling the room parent list, etc. It involves handling the data input, layout, formatting, printing and distribution of the Directory, and also working with the Advertising Coordinator to obtain ads.
If you are interested, please contact Stephanie Johnson at firstname.lastname@example.com


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The top free agent wide receiver is off the market. According to a report by ESPN on March 13, the New York Jets have signed former Denver Broncos wide receiver Eric Decker.
The team announced the signing late Wednesday night. Locking up Decker is the Jets' biggest free-agent signing in the era of John Idzik and a necessary one as the Jets offense has struggled the last couple of seasons. According to ESPN's Adam Scheffer, the deal is for five years and worth $36.25 million, with $15 million guaranteed.
The Jets became a front-runner for Decker, especially when he arrived in New Jersey and was spotted dining out with Jets head coach Rex Ryan.
The 27-year-old Decker had back-to-back 1,000-yard seasons and flourished with Broncos quarterback Peyton Manning at the helm. He brings a big target on the outside for Geno Smith or whomever the quarterback will end up being in New York. He joins a receiving group of Jeremy Kerley, Stephen Hill and David Nelson. He goes from being the second option in the Broncos offense to clearing being the first in the Jets offense.
Following the signing, Decker addressed fans of the Broncos in the Denver Post.
"I'm very thankful for my four years in Denver. I think it's one of the greatest cities to play in. Unfortunately, I never go an offer from the Broncos. Denver will always be a part of me but I'm excited about New York being my new community and starting a new chapter in my life. On top of all that, my wife's expecting our baby any second."
Decker, who also was a part of a reality show, should fit in quite well in New York, both on the field and socially. Decker had 11 touchdowns last season as part of the Broncos record-breaking offense.
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|June 2000 U.S. Edition
Critics and advocates of crops that are engineered to carry genes from other
species are waging a battle royal. Greenpeace and others have sponsored full-page ads charging that biotech companies are turning millions of consumers into
guinea pigs. The companies and others, in turn, extol the safety and benefits
of GM (genetically modified) foods.
Genetic engineering is a powerful technology. If used properly, it has great potential. It has cut pesticide use on cotton farms, reduced water pollution by toxic pesticides, and increased yields of papayas, potatoes, and cotton. But if misused, it could cause great harm.
The government needs to tighten its regulation of GM foods to prevent any harm and to reassure consumers. The mandatory scientific reviews of the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) and Department of Agriculture (USDA) are open to the public. In contrast, the Food and Drug Administration (which shares oversight) reviews products behind closed doors.
Though there is no evidence that GM foods have harmed a single consumer or the environment, Congress should require the FDA to reviewin publicthe safety of every GM food before it is marketed. And the FDA shouldnt allow genes that could cause allergic reactions to be put into GM foods.
In one case, when a company put a gene from Brazil nuts into soybeans, it didnt know that the gene produced a protein to which some people are allergic. Luckily, company tests detected the problem in time.
Last April, a committee of the National Academy of Sciences generally endorsed the safety of plants that have been engineered to ward off insects and other pests. But it advised the government to:
Even assuming that biotech foods are as safe as conventional foods, they should be clearly labeled, which polls show the great majority of Americans support. Labeling would help consumers who want to avoidor choosebiotech foods because of concerns about health or the environment, or who dont dont have access to organic foods, which are not genetically modified.
In addition, the FDA should define the term GM-free and allow it on food labels. But labels should not mislead consumers into thinking that GM foods are riskieror that GM-free foods are saferthan other foods.
The public will hotly debate biotechnology for years to come. Our goal should be to throw out any dirty bathwater, but not the baby.
Michael F. Jacobson
Michael F. Jacobson


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Boys Soccer -- Northridge seniors go out together at semistate
WARSAW -- Northridge's seniors went down, and out, the same way they achieved 17 wins this boys soccer season -- together.
With 3 1/2 minutes remaining in the game and his team trailing Carroll of Fort Wayne 2-0, Raider coach Todd Woodworth removed all 10 field seniors simultaneously at Saturday's Warsaw Semistate semifinal. He removed senior goalkeeper Derrick Giddens a moment later.
And a moment after that, the winningest season in program history was over with a 2-0 loss to the 14th-ranked Chargers.
"That's always a tough call to make -- when do you throw in the towel? -- and I suppose there might be some critics that say, 'Man, Coach, you're giving up too soon,'" Woodworth said of the mass substitution.
"But to be down 2-0 in a soccer game to an excellent team with three minutes left, that's a tough mountain to climb," Woodworth said. "We hadn't scored in 77 minutes, and it was a good opportunity to get those guys out together, and a good opportunity to get some other kids (into a semistate). Our goal is always to get back here, but you never know if it's going to happen."
The No. 17-rated Raiders (17-5-1) fell despite a second half in which Woodworth felt his team dominated the first 30 minutes or so, and despite having nine shots on goal for the day to Carroll's seven.
And they fell on a morning that showed inches really do matter sometimes.
The Chargers (18-3-1) scored 19 minutes into the game when Ian Jefferies' shot deflected off a goal post and went in.
Among Northridge's handful of prime chances at the equalizer, Andy Morrison poked a header with 10 minutes remaining, compliments of Steven Alvarado's corner kick, that hit the crossbar and sailed over.
That miss appeared to deflate the Raiders a bit, and with 6:01 remaining in the game, Carroll added an insurance goal by Gavin Downs off a soft corner kick that skipped by a couple Northridge defenders.
"There's basically nothing you can say that's going to totally take away the pain and the finality of it for all the seniors," said Woodworth, who started all 12th-graders this season, with two more coming off the bench in key roles, "but they can certainly walk away with their heads held high. We didn't play as well as we could have that first half, but we did come back that second half and played more confident, more aggressive, possessed the ball a lot and created some good opportunities. We showed a bit more of what we're capable of."
One senior starter, defender Ross Jones, went out for the remainder of the match just 12 minutes in when he injured his ankle while making a spectacular compensation save on a would-be goal after Giddens had been induced out of the net.
"He sure did save the game at the time," Woodworth said of Jones. "It's just unfortunate he wasn't able to return."
A sentiment that applies to a whole lot of Raiders now.
C -- Ian Jefferies (Colson Wagoner assist) 19th minute.
C -- Gavin Downs (Sam Didion) 74th.
Shots on goal: Carroll 7, Northridge 9. Goalie saves: Carroll -- Cody Schweitzer 8; Northridge -- Derrick Giddens 4, Connor Hahn 0. Corner kicks: Carroll 2, Northridge 5.
Other semifinal: Warsaw 4, Pendleton Heights 0.
Championship: Warsaw 2, Carroll 0.
Records: Warsaw 20-2-1, Carroll 18-4-1, Northridge 17-5-1, Pendleton Heights 9-12.
Next: Warsaw in State Finals Saturday at Kuntz Stadium, Indianapolis.


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Ashoka's Middle East/North Africa program (MENA) opened its Cairo office in March 2003. Egypt was selected as a strategic location for the new full-time Ashoka MENA regional office due to its high population and its geographic and political centrality.
Ashoka Egypt is actively engaging North African and Middle Eastern leading social entrepreneurs in all major fields of social concern — education, health, women's empowerment, human rights, peace and conflict resolution, democracy, environment, economic development, agriculture, water, disability, early child development and children's rights. To date, we have elected 20 Fellows from the region.
Ashoka MENA is expanding its reach, having recently elected Fellows in Lebanon.


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Miley Cyrus video leaked
Controversial pop sensation, Miley Cyrus fires up on Twitter after learning her latest music video 'Adore You' was leaked on Christmas Day.PT0M44S http://www.smh.com.au/action/externalEmbeddedPlayer?id=d-2zyly 620 349 December 27, 2013
There is no wrecking ball. No cranes, jackhammers or even adjustable wrenches. Indeed there's no licking of any sort of building/industrial tools. But don't worry fans of the most famous tongue in pop music since Gene Simmons of Kiss horrified delicate souls 35 years ago, in her new video Miss Miley Cyrus licks aplenty.
There's her thumb, her palm, her fingers, a gauze curtain and of course her lips. And then repeat.
Tongues aplenty: Miley Cyrus' Adore You film clip contains just about every cliche in the book.
With this slow, rhythmic and – let's not deny it – appealing song called Adore You, in case it hadn't already been made clear with her Thicke twerking and close encounter with the wrecking ball, Cyrus reminds us that she hasn't just had sex, she's enjoyed it. And intends enjoying it again.
That of course won't do for any young woman in our clucking, prurient and simultaneously prim society, let alone for a former Disney star. This is true even if male rock and rap acts, or the likes of the slimy R. Kelly, can revel in it. Naturally we have to condemn her, though you have to think the inordinate amount of ink, web hours and online reviewing space which has devoted to it says more about us than Cyrus.
In Adore You, leaked online overnight, Cyrus is in a flesh-toned bra and knickers on a bed, then black lace dress in a bath (hey, don't we all?). She rolls around, vamps for the video camera she has beside her, rubs herself, lets her fingers hint at sliding under the elastic band of her underwear, bites flesh and sucks her thumb.
There's just about every cliche of sexual suggestion and far less subtlety than the song manages. But subtlety is not the point is it? Why be subtle when the smack upside the collective community head has worked a treat. After all, we're talking/reading about her right now aren't we? And in case you miss it in the confected disgust or outrage now coming, it's not a bad song at all.


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Apr 2, 2013 8:30 AM
As if summer isn't set to be hot enough, you plan on scorching the ever-loving crap out of your hair with flat irons and blow-dryers. Blow on, little sister. Just use glo essentials Extreme Heat Protecting Serum ($21) first. Your hair will be safe. Can't say the same for all those in your hair-tossing path.
If you've got a product or service that you'd like to promote on Outblush, click here to find out about our advertising opportunities.
Outblush is a blog for girls who love to shop. Our staff digs up the best clothes, home stuff, beauty items, and more. New items are posted every day — bookmark us and check out:


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Activities: WizIQ: A Virtual Classroom Plugin
WizIQ's Live Class web conferencing module enables Moodle users to schedule and deliver online classes using the WizIQ Virtual Classroom. This web based virtual classroom is equipped with real-time collaboration tools like, live chat, audio and live video streams for up to 6 people, whiteboard, screen and content sharing (.doc, .docx, .pdf, .xls, .xlsx, .ppt, .pptx, .pps, .ppsx, .swf, .flv and YouTube videos). A free user account is required for Moodle administrators, on org.WizIQ.com to download the WizIQ Live Class module available as an 'activity' and 'block'. 'Activity' features the scheduling of live classes within the Moodle course and 'Block' lists the live classes on the schedule. Any teacher or administrator on Moodle can schedule a live class by choosing 'WizIQ Live Class' from the 'Add an activity' drop-down list within the Moodle system.
What can teachers do in the WizIQ Live Class Moodle module?
Schedule a class
While setting up a new class, a teacher or an administrator can specify the class title, date and time, duration, language for classroom interface, its type (audio or audio and video both) and whether to record this class.
Manage classes
You can see a list of all classes with status whether they are scheduled or done. Besides, you can edit, cancel, reschedule a class and also get an attendance report once a class is over.
Manage Content
- Create and name folders that are relevant to specific courses
- Upload files in appropriate folders
- Use content in your live classes from the content library rather than uploading it from your desktop every time
- Delete folders/files when you don't need them anymore
What more can you do?
- After a class is scheduled, a private URL is generated. This URL acts as a permalink for the class that can be shared via email, blogs, social networking sites or other websites to promote the class.
- The class you scheduled gets listed as an event on the Moodle calendar and it is also accessible from the 'Upcoming events' block.
- You may choose to record a class and make it available for download
WizIQ Virtual Classroom - Features
- Works in Flash technology, browser-like tabbed interface, MS Office like keyboard shortcuts
- 6 live video streams, full screen video, control audio/video for all attendees
- Play audio and video files instantly, play YouTube videos, control playback for all attendees
- Drawing tool, math tool, group/ungroup objects, multiple whiteboards
- Real time communication - private chat, group chat, raise hand, emoticons, font colors
- Fri, Mar 22, 2013, 10:18 AMHola que tal a todos, estoy trabajando con wiziq en moodle 1.9 hasta el momento wiziq no me ha grabado ninguna sesión, todo lo demas funciona perfectamente solamente no graba nada por default pone No grabar sesión espero y alguien me pueda ayudar con eso.
- Wed, Jun 12, 2013, 3:30 PMcan any one please tell how this work ....
i have download the latest version . where is its database located ???
so for its gives me the following error.
Warning: require_once(C:\wamp\www/config.php) [function.require-once]: failed to open stream: No such file or directory in C:\wamp\www\class\test\index.php on line 32
Fatal error: require_once() [function.require]: Failed opening required 'C:\wamp\www/config.php' (include_path='.;C:\php5\pear') in C:\wamp\www\class\test\index.php on line 32
thanks in advance
- Wed, Jun 12, 2013, 3:31 PMany kind of help will be much appreciated ...
- Wed, Jun 19, 2013, 7:27 PMDoes 2.3 work with Moodle 2.4 without any problems?
- Fri, Sep 20, 2013, 11:09 PMHello everyone again,
We are currently experiencing problems with our WizIQ plugin in our Moodle 2.0. It was working fine until we updated our PHP to 5.4.19. We keep getting the following error message:
Fatal error: Call-time pass-by-reference has been removed in /home/afslproa/public_html/moodle/mod/wiziq/session.php
on line 124.
Our teachers can no longer create their WizIQ classes from Moodle.
Is there anyway there's a new plugin that works well with newer versions of PHP. The latest versions of that plugin
is 2.5.
The plugin was running on PHP 5.2.17 so we think the problem is related to that.
We are having hard time on this because teachers can't use this incredible tool.
Thanks in advance for any possible help.
- Fri, Nov 29, 2013, 7:41 PMHello Harman,
I am researching the possibility to add/manage Wiziq Classes to a course by directly injecting the appropriate data in the database. This would enable me to create/use Wiziq more dynamically than when adding/managing classes through the Moodle course interface.
Is this possible?
I have looked in the database and I seem to have found the table where the Wiziq activities are stored (mdl_wiziq). However when I manually try to add a row to the table, there is a field with the name class_id which seems to be a value generated by the Wiziq server.
Is this correct? If so, then I suspect it will not be possible to do what I want but I would very much like your expert opinion in this matter.
Highest regards,
Sam Stegers
- Sun, Apr 12, 2015, 3:36 PMThis is a great plugin - thanks! I would like to change the icon - I have changed it in the mod/wiziq/pix folder (icon.gif) but it is still showing as the original icon. I also checked my theme/themename/pix_plugins folder but there is no wiziq folder in there. Can you tell me where it is getting the icon from?
Thanks, Nikki Macfarlane
- Wed, Jun 10, 2015, 4:54 PMHi Nikki,
You need to clear your cache. For it you can do: Site Administration > Development > Purge all caches
Even we can make this plugin completely white labeled. You can put your brand name instead of provider's name.
Richard from foldcode
- Thu, Jun 18, 2015, 10:10 PMWe're looking to upgrade to Moodle 2.9 soon. Anyone know if this module will work with 2.9? Or does it need updating?
- Fri, Aug 14, 2015, 3:22 AMYes, Brian it is working except some warning displayed. Wiziq api is integrated with it and you can also test your api on free VBRIDGE tool on foldcode website
- Wed, Sep 9, 2015, 6:04 PMplease provide 2.9 version of this soon..
- Sat, Nov 14, 2015, 1:53 PMI want to download the recorded videos what should I do ?
- Tue, Feb 2, 2016, 2:34 AMThere is a problem using this plugin with Moodle sites that use SQL Server databases. The installation instructions for Moodle with SQL Server (https://docs.moodle.org/28/en/Installing_MSSQL_for_PHP#Installation_overview) say you should enable quoted identifiers. As this plugin uses non-ANSI double quotation marks in some SQL statements, these statements will fail with the error message "Invalid column name". An example of such a statement is mod/wiziq/content.php, line 141:
$contentlist = $DB->get_records_select('wiziq_content',
'parentid = :pnodeid AND ( course = :courseid OR course = "1" ) AND userid = :userid',
$params, 'id DESC');
This should read "... OR course = \'1\') ..." to use standard ANSI quotes for SQL.
- Tue, May 17, 2016, 11:27 PMCan I use this plugin offline?
- Thu, Jun 30, 2016, 9:30 PMHello.
I'm using one of the wiziq web services API function named "get_attendance_report" to get statistical datas from wiziq servers about wiziq classes. My problem is that I sometime receive error messages for specific wiziq existing class_id (but not for all). There is 2 kinds of potential error message :
* No record found
* Attendance report will be available soon
I didn't found any documentation on the discussed function and errors. Does anybody known what is the meaning of these error messages ? and how to fix the associated problem if any ?


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Once upon a time there lived a blonde babe that went out to dinner with a charming Charlie. Sadly, the anticipation for the date was the only sensational aspect of this story due to the fact that charming Charlie ended up being a disappointing dude. This blonde babe just so happens to be my best gal. The fellow in question is an old schoolmate that reconnected with my friend through Facebook. Good for her! Not. She made one fatal mistake. Read this piece in its entirety ladies and gents, or this sad ending could happen to you.
She allowed this supposed gentleman to ask her on a date via Facebook's messenger, and this is unacceptable. If a guy really wants to ask you on a date the right way he MUST ask for your digits and then call you. Dating is difficult, and as a woman of particular taste it must be said that the "old fashioned" approach to asking a girl out on a date that you're courting is the more attractive choice. This is what happened to my best gal and a series of unfortunate events followed. A guy that calls a girl suggests many positive attributes about him.
What you can learn from this tale is to consider not going on a date with a man unless he calls or asks you in person. You must expect a gentleman demeanor from a man when he is courting you. If you follow this simple instruction, you will soon find that he is confident and excited to go on a date with you!


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The legendary duo Deep Dish surprised Chicago with a secret set at The Mid on Saturday, February 22nd. DJs Dubfire and Sharam performed their first set together as Deep Dish since 2006.
Fans that arrived at The Mid on Saturday night were greeted with a journey through house, techno and everything wonderful in between…it was quintessential Deep Dish. This is the kind of buzz Deep Dish's Sharam Tayebi was hoping for when he compared his group's reunion to that of Led Zeppelin. Flyers for the secret show displayed only the simple "greater than" symbol Deep Dish had used as the centerpiece of their website in the run-up to their reunion announcement. When fans thought it couldn't get any better Deep Dish premiered three brand new songs that tore the place apart. Simply huge.
Get your tickets for Deep Dish's upcoming headline show at Miami's Ice Palace Studios on March 29th. This is set to be one of WMC/MMW's biggest shows and you won't want to miss all the surprises Deep Dish has planned. Buy tickets for the Ice Palace Studios show here: http://bit.ly/DDmiami
Deep Dish's brand new single "Quincy" arrives March 17th on Virgin Records. "Quincy" is currently Number One in the Buzz Chart and was Pete Tong's Essential New Tune for his BBC Radio 1 show on Friday, February 14th.
For more information on Deep Dish, please visit www.deepdish.com, www.facebook.com/deepdish, twitter.com/deepdishmusic or www.instagram.com/deepdish.
The Mid is located at 306 N. Halsted Street in Chicago. For more information please contact (312) 265-3990 or visit online at www.themidchicago.com.


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VIDEO: Happy 'Ogre' Holidays From The Harris Family
I totally get trying something different rather than the traditional holiday greeting card, but I don't know if I like the Harris' "Shrek" (I'm assuming that's what it is) theme for their holiday greeting. It could almost be misinterpreted as zombies. But, I digress. See video of T.I. and his family sending us all a holiday greeting after the break.
Get More: T.I. and Tiny: The Family Hustle
Any thoughts?


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Polystyrene prices, markets & analysis
- Overview
- Asia
- Europe
- Latin America
- Middle East-South Asia
The comprehensive and extensive coverage of Polystyrene, compiled by our team of locally-based reporters gives market players up-to-date and in-depth independent and unbiased pricing information. The weekly price assessments are covered in Asia, Middle East, CIS, Europe, the US and Latin America.
There are also margin reports and 12-month rolling series reports for Asia, Europe and the US, while the forecast report looking forward a year is for Europe only. Market news and analysis gives the reader the tools required to make essential commercial decisions. Commentary within the reports includes overviews, demand and supply, production issues, feedstock movements and any other factors influencing the market at the time of publication.
Polystyrene overview Transcript
Polystyrene is a resin, mainly sold in pellet form. It is shaped into a variety of products including cups, disposable dinnerware, take-out containers and toys.
Polystyrene in the US is a mature market with limited growth potential.
Producers have consolidated in capacity and have become better at managing inventories, producing on a 'as needed' basis.
With supply and demand more imbalanced, feedstocks are now the main driver of US polystyrene prices.
Benzene forms a large part of the polystyrenes cost structure. Because of its status as an imported commodity in the US, benzene prices can change rapidly. This has introduced unwelcome price volatility to polystyrene producers and buyers in recent years.
Ethylene, butadiene and natural gases are also important upstream markets to watch.
How we can help
Polystyrene news and market information products from ICIS
We offer the following regional Polystyrene analysis and news coverage to keep you informed of factors and developments affecting prices in the Polystyrene marketplace.
Price reporting
Price Reporting – More information about the price reports we publish on Polystyrene
Independent price assessments and market coverage by region
Price forecasts - Concise monthly forward-looking market outlook reports, detailing prices, supply & demand and trade for the next 12 months.
Related products
Related products – You might also be interested in the information we publish on these related products
You may also find useful
Price history
Price History – More information about the historical price data we publish on Polystyrene
Track historical price data
Specialist reporting
Other types of reports we cover for Polystyrene
Use margin reports to assess the profitability of commodities
News & analysis
News & Analysis - News & market analysis specifically relating to Polystyrene
Breaking news of latest developments affecting the markets.
Insight and analysis of factors driving prices.
Market overview
Polystyrene: Market overview
Updated to Q2 2016
After a very strong March in terms of orders, European polystyrene (PS) players expect demand to remain healthy in the second quarter, as the market's high season begins with packaging, appliances and insulation being the main drivers of growth. With styrene prices rising significantly in March and April, producers believe that this trend in feedstocks could continue in the next months, while the PS market is getting tighter due to some upcoming maintenance and customers are struggling to secure volumes in some cases.
The three major North American polystyrene (PS) producers separately announced price increases of 5-6 cents/lb effective 1 April, the companies said. Two producers separately announced increases of five cents/lb, and the third announced a six-cents/lb increase. Higher raw material costs were largely cited for the increase. Feedstock styrene prices rose by 13 cents/lb between 22 January and 18 March.
Asia PS prices took a pause in early April after a strong uptrend from mid February, after the Lunar New Year holidays. Suppliers remained prepared to increase resin prices further if feedstock styrene monomer (SM) prices trend higher in the second quarter. However, most sellers concede that buying resistance has increased given the sharp rise in resin values. Meanwhile, manufacturing activities in the key Chinese market usually kick into higher gear in the second quarter and demand for resins is expected to strengthen as well.
News & analysis
Polystyrene news & analysis
Pricing Intelligence
Pricing information
Regional price assessments, published daily or weekly, enabling you to keep track of trading prices, understand price drivers/fluctuations and set a benchmark for contract price settlements. ICIS offers reports on over 180 commodities across the global petrochemical, energy and fertilizer markets. Information covered in our price reports includes:
- Spot and contract price assessments
- Market commentary on trends and developments
- Transactions reported and confirmed
- Plant and production news
Information is accessed online, via the ICIS dashboard service and is configurable to suit your preferences.
Price forecast services
Produced by the ICIS Consulting team, these reports give a robust rolling 12-month price forecast, trade balances and in-depth analysis into where markets are heading – providing a valuable tool to support your short- to medium-term plans.
Dashboard – Easy access to ICIS pricing data
ICIS pricing intelligence is delivered to you online via the ICIS dashboard. Here you can view your reports and also access other useful services including related news, analysis, historical data and market alerts.
ICIS dashboard also makes it easy for you to create pricing charts, download price history and export data to create tailored analytical models.
- Find more about ICIS dashboard >>
- Find out more about new ICIS data delivery options: Excel Plug-In & API >>
Margin reports
ICIS weekly margin reports deliver the detail you need to understand how production costs and prices are affecting margins, enabling you to judge the likely impact on your business and optimise your upstream and downstream business decisions.
Supply and Demand Window on ICIS Dashboard
The Supply and Demand Window on the ICIS Dashboard provides a snapshot view of historical and forecast information for supply and demand, production capacity and trade flows – a key tool to help safeguard future investments within the chemicals market.
Industry News
News service
24-hour global coverage of breaking news in the petrochemical industry, including updates on production, shutdowns and key transacted deals, keeping you informed of market developments as they happen. The ICIS news service allows you to customise the market alerts delivered to your email inbox, providing the business-critical information you need straightaway.
ICIS Chemical Business magazine
If you want to keep updated on the factors driving price movements in the global chemical markets, ICIS Chemical Business provides a summary of the information you need to support your business decisions. Every week, our global team of experts digests and summarises the key issues and their potential impact on the market – all in one magazine.
Market Studies & Analysis
Supply & Demand Data
An expert view of supply and demand comprising four fully-reconciled databases, giving you access to extensive data for more than 100 markets. Information is included on global and regional trade flows, production, capacity and sources of demand in the short-, medium- and long-term. Data can be downloaded, customised and queried to support your planning requirements and your strategic decisions.
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Training courses
ICIS provides specialist training courses across the global petrochemicals, base oils and fertilizers industries. Our training team of industry experts can help you increase your knowledge of the industry and gain the insight and know-how needed to operate and trade effectively.
Find out more about ICIS training courses >>
ICIS produces a series of highly informative and timely conferences. Extensive research is carried out to ensure that each programme delivers the information you need and addresses current industry issues. We source speakers who have the appropriate expertise and experience to deliver excellent quality papers.
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Global markets
Working closely with you to understand your strategies, challenges and ambitions, the ICIS consulting team deliver tailored advice and solutions to suit your unique requirements. With many years' experience of guiding business leadership teams, we show you how market conditions can make a positive or negative impact on your long-term plans.
China markets
ICIS expert consultants can provide your organisation with the insight, intelligence and data needed to build and grow your business in China. We can help you to gain a clear view on the short and long-term supply and demand picture in the chemicals, energy, iron and steel, non-ferrous metals and paper and pulp markets in China.
Regional coverage
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- China
- Middle East
- Europe
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ICIS price assessments are based on information gathered from a wide cross-section of the market, comprising consumers, producers, traders and distributors from more than 250 reporters world-wide. Confirmed deals, verified by both buyer and seller, provide the foundation of our price assessments.
Our in-depth market knowledge drives our specialist focus, as we recognise the importance of individual market dynamics and not a one-size-fits-all approach.
Over 25 years of reporting on key chemicals markets, including Polystyrene, has brought global recognition of our methodology as being unbiased, authoritative and rigorous in preserving our editorial integrity. Our global network of reporters in Houston, London, Singapore, Shanghai, Guangzhou, Mumbai, Perth and Moscow ensures unrivalled coverage of established and emerging markets.
Polystyrene Methodology
Polystyrene Asia Margin Report Methodology
Polystyrene Europe Margin Report Methodology
Polystyrene US Margin Report Methodology
About Polystyrene
Polystyrene (PS) is a clear, crystalline resin which burns with a sooty flame. It is soluble in cyclohexane (CX), ethylbenzene (EB), ethyl acetate (etac), carbon disulphide, but insoluble in ether, acetone, phenol and saturated hydrocarbons.
Two main types of PS are produced: crystal or general purpose polystyrene (GPPS) which is a clear, amorphous resin with good stiffness and electrical properties but it is brittle; and medium and high impact polystyrene (HIPS) which contain varying levels of polybutadiene to improve toughness and impact resistance.
Polystyrene is used in a variety of consumer and commercial products with major applications in domestic appliances, construction, electronics, toys and food packaging. Included in food packaging are food and dairy containers, closures, lids, produce baskets, vending cups and fast food containers.