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International Journal of Distributed Sensor Networks
Volume 2014 (2014), Article ID 783697, 8 pages
Disjointed Multipath Routing for Real-Time Data in Wireless Multimedia Sensor Networks
1School of Information and Communication Engineering, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju, Chungbuk 361-763, Republic of Korea
2BOAS Electronics Inc., Industrial Technology Research Park, Cheongju, Chungbuk 361-763, Republic of Korea
Received 4 September 2013; Revised 5 December 2013; Accepted 5 December 2013; Published 16 January 2014
Academic Editor: Seokcheon Lee
Copyright © 2014 Junho Park et al. This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
Wireless multimedia sensor networks with sensing and processing abilities of multimedia data have recently emerged as one of the most important technologies for high quality monitoring. The routing scheme for multimedia data is an important research issue addressed in wireless multimedia sensor networks. In this paper, we propose a disjointed multipath routing scheme for real-time data transmission in wireless multimedia sensor networks. The proposed scheme uses a hybrid routing protocol based on Bluetooth and Zigbee in order to overcome the limitation of low bandwidth in conventional sensor networks. The proposed scheme also performs disjointed multipath routing based on competition to alleviate the delay of routing path setup. To show the superiority of our proposed scheme, we compare it with the existing scheme through performance evaluation. Our experimental results show that our proposed scheme reduces the end-to-end delay by about 30% and the routing path setup costs by about 22% over the existing scheme. Our scheme also increases data reception rates by about 690% over the existing scheme on average.
1. Introduction
The research on various applications using wireless sensor networks (WSNs) has progressed in the last few years. The sensor nodes in wireless sensor networks basically mount the sensor modules to collect environmental information such as humidity and temperature. In addition, as they have wireless communication modules, a sensor network is constructed and consists of sensor nodes that are connected to each other to collect and transmit sensor readings on the areas of interest to remote areas through multihop communication between nodes [1, 2]. The WSNs have extensive utilization fields from special applications such as observation of safety monitoring and military affair to living applications such as environmental monitoring, modern healthcare, and U-City [3].
The environmental information collected by the sensor nodes depends on the mounted sensor modules on the node. Recently, with the availability of cheap, small and low-powered CMOS cameras, microphones the applications for gathering multimedia contents such as video and sound over WSNs have become more feasible than ever before. Consequently, it enables high-quality environmental monitoring based on multimedia data [4, 5]. As the multimedia data are very large compared to simple scalar data in conventional sensor networks, the network lifetime of the sensor network is significantly reduced due to excessive energy consumption in particular nodes for transmitting the data. Accordingly, the communication schemes of the conventional sensor networks based on low-bandwidth Zigbee are not suitable for transmitting multimedia data in real-time [5].
Recently, the new sensor nodes with a Bluetooth module have been released on the market. The bluetooth is one of the great solutions. Table 1 shows the specifications of the Bluetooth to be used in the proposed scheme and Zigbee is generally applied to the conventional sensor networks. As the Zigbee has 250 Kbps or less of data rate, it is not suitable for real-time transmission of multimedia data requiring bandwidth of scores Mbps. The Bluetooth can be an alternative to overcome the bandwidth limitation of Zigbee.
The maximum data rate supported by Bluetooth is 24 Mbps to enable transmission of images at 720 p/30 fps or higher. However, as a sensor node is required to minimize battery consumption as mentioned above, it is not suitable to use Bluetooth with high energy consumption as a basic communication protocol [6]. In order to overcome these limitations, we propose a novel hybrid transmission scheme that uses both the strengths of Zigbee and Bluetooth. The proposed routing scheme effectively transmits multimedia data by dividing the data of the source node to be transmitted to several neighboring nodes through the Bluetooth and by performing energy-efficient routing for each split data to the sink through the Zigbee. The proposed scheme can minimize path setting overhead generated from the existing scheme by establishing competition-based nonoverlapping multipath for data transmission. In addition, it enables fast reception of the split packets from a frame by eliminating resorting of the received data by ensuring first-in-first-out (FIFO) reception with a separate queue for each path.
The remainder of this paper is organized as follows. Section 2 overviews the existing transmission schemes for multimedia data. In Section 3, we present our disjointed multipath routing for real-time data transmission in wireless multimedia sensor networks. Section 4 shows the simulated experimental results and compares the existing scheme with the proposed scheme. Finally, we present concluding remarks in Section 5.
2. Related Works
Various schemes to transmit data in the conventional sensor networks have been proposed. Representative schemes are tree-topology-based TAG [7], cluster-topology-based HEED [8], greedy-forwarding-based GPSR [9], and so on. Though these schemes are suitable for sending scalar data from the conventional sensor networks and are designed on the basis of the lowbandwidth of Zigbee, multimedia data has a large size which is different from conventional sensor networks that handle scalar data. Therefore, they are not suitable for transmitting mass multimedia data such as video and image.
To solve the problems, many protocols and algorithms have been proposed. All the single-path routing protocols [7–9] for conventional sensor networks take the minimum energy path, whereas the multipath routing schemes distribute traffic among multiple paths instead of routing all the traffic along a single path. In multipath routing scheme, it is necessary to know the number of the required paths and to choose the appropriate paths in the total number of available paths [10]. Clearly, the number and quality of the selected paths dictate the performance of a multipath routing scheme. The existing multipath routing schemes are intended to provide a reliable transmission of data for data synchronization at the destination on an environment with low energy consumption. These are done by efficiently utilizing the energy availability and the received signal strength of the nodes to identify multiple routes to the destination.
The existing multipath routing schemes spread the traffic over the nodes lying on different possible paths between the source and the sink in proportion to their residual energy and received signal strength. The rationale behind traffic spreading is by considering the energy so that the overall lifetime of the network can be increased. The sequence number is assigned to each packet of data for data synchronization at the destination. The objective is to assign more loads to under-utilized paths and less loads to over-committed paths so that uniform resource utilization of all available paths can be ensured.
Some of the related works in multipath routing are as follows. The two phase geographic greedy forwarding (TPGF) routing algorithm has two phases [11]. The first phase is responsible for exploring the possible routing path, and the second phase is responsible for optimizing the explored routing path with the least number of hops. A multihop planer model transmits the sensed multimedia data by forwarding it to one of its neighbors which is closer to the sink [12–14]. This approach uses a data aggregation technique that enhances the efficiency of the network by reducing the amount of transmitted data.
Most of the multipath routing protocols are extended versions of DSR [15] and AODV [16]. Only a few research works adopt geographical information to facilitate the on-demand disjointed multipath routing. One such routing protocol is geography-based ad hoc on demand disjoint multipath (GAODM) [17] in an AdHoc network. GAODM uses a push-reliable algorithm which focuses on how to use the push-reliable algorithm to find multiple node/edge disjoint paths based on the flow assignment. A node-disjoint parallel multipath routing algorithm (DPMR) [18] has two key problems. It relies on the single-path routing protocol [9] and has the restrictions of using either clockwise regions or anticlockwise regions, which actually limits the number of routing paths.
Geographic multicast routing (GMR) is a new multicast routing protocol for wireless sensor networks. It is a fullylocalized algorithm that efficiently delivers multicast data messages to multiple destinations. GMR optimizes the cost-over-progress ratio, where the cost is equal to the number of neighbors selected for relaying, and the progress is the overall reduction of the remaining distances to destinations. Maximally radio-disjoint multipath routing for wireless multimedia sensor networks [19] is basically based on path failure. This protocol maintains additional paths to serve as backup on primary path failure. There is also network lifetime maximization with node admission in wireless multimedia sensor networks [20], but due to stringent quality of service (QoS) requirements, it is not possible to admit all the potential sensor nodes into the network. Therefore, this work addresses the node admission into the network in order to maximize the network lifetime.
The ant-based routing [21] enables optimal transmission of video data by setting the path to improve QoS on the basis of the ant colony algorithm. It intends to overcome the limitations of bandwidth for the Zigbee by distributing a large amount of multimedia data through multiple paths. However, the ant-based routing suffers from a loss of data packets for high-quality images due to a limitation of bandwidth in source and sink nodes.
As the existing multipath routing schemes [15–21] perform a multipath setting phase for the distributed transmission of multimedia data, path setting packets go and return from source node to the sink and are stored in the routing tables of the transfer nodes when the routing information for each path is located on the paths. However, the path setting processess of the existing multipath routing schemes require packets to go and return times to set paths in the worst case. Since they are more frequent under sensor network environments with frequent changes of topology, they cause a great overhead.
We propose a hybrid disjointed multipath routing that combines the Bluetooth and Zigbee. The proposed scheme solves the problem of the loss of multimedia data packets due to bandwidth limitations of the existing schemes and competition-based nonoverlapping multipath setting methods to solve overhead generated from the multipath setting phase.
3. Disjointed Multipath Routing for Real-Time Data Transmission
Representative studies [15–21] in the field of multipath routing in wireless multimedia sensor network perform a multipath setting phase for the distributed transmission of multimedia data; path setting packets go and return from source node to the sink and are stored in the routing tables of the transfer nodes when the routing information for each path is located on the paths. In this process, the ant-based routing protocol transmits the control messages excessively. To overcome this problem, our scheme proposes the competition-based disjointed multipath configuration. It enables a path to be configured with much less communication than the existing multipath routing schemes. Furthermore, since the existing scheme only uses the Zigbee to transmit the multimedia data, it causes transmission delay and packet-loss near source or sink nodes. The proposed scheme minimizes the end-to-end delay and packet-loss for a very large scale of multimedia data through data splitting and transmission using Bluetooth at the source and sink nodes.
In this section, we propose a multiple path transmission scheme for transmitting large multimedia data files in real-time in order to more efficiently utilize the limited bandwidth of a wireless network using the Zigbee. Figure 1 shows the proposed disjointed multipath routing. The source node splits the video data to transmit to neighboring nodes using Bluetooth that has a higher bandwidth than Zigbee. The neighboring nodes receive a split packet of the data transferred to the location of the sink using Zigbee. However, during this process, if routing paths of different packets overlap on a specific node, channel occupation for data transmission is increased due to bandwidth limitation of Zigbee, and thus, the loss of packets and the energy consumption become larger. To overcome these problems, the proposed scheme uses disjointed multipath transmission. The sink receives split packets with separate reception queue and finally combines the original data when all split packets have been received. The reconfiguration of paths is performed by considering the delay time of data transmission on the sink.
3.1. Split of Multimedia Data
The proposed scheme generates transmission packets by splitting the multimedia data. The existing schemes divide paths and transmit the data in the frame. In this case, since the split packets have different transmission times depending on the paths, it is required to sort the frames received on the sink. However, as the proposed scheme has a FIFO pattern of transmission sequencing on individual paths, original multimedia data can be combined without the sorting process in the sink. Figure 2 shows the splitting of a multimedia data (image data or video frames) on the sink. Because a Bluetooth protocol allows up to 8 devices (1 master and 7 slaves), it is possible to pair up 7 additional devices at the same time. Therefore, the packets generated through the splitting of each individual frame including video data are transmitted to a maximum of 7 neighboring nodes of the source node through a Bluetooth module.
The split packet consists of a source node ID, the path IDs with which the packet will be transmitted, and a payload (splitted multimedia data). The source node ID is utilized to identify data transmitted to the sink, while the path ID is used to set the disjointed paths. If there are any IDs of different paths registered on the node for transmission, it is required to select other neighboring nodes as the transfer nodes.
3.2. Disjointed Multipath Configuration
Our scheme proposes the competition-based disjointed multipath configuration algorithm to solve excessive energy consumption on the specific nodes due to the overlapped nodes on several paths. The proposed scheme utilizes a greedy-forwarding-based transmission scheme for the initial transmission. In the greedy forwarding scheme, the entire nodes know the location information of their neighboring nodes and the transmitted packets include the coordinate information of the sink. Using this information, the nodes that receive the packets select the closest node out of their neighboring nodes to transfer the packets. This process is repeatedly carried out until the packet has arrived at the sink. This greedy forwarding scheme forms the optimal path to enable data routing when transmitting data through a single path. However, if it is applied to a multipath configuration as shown in Figure 3, it is highly likely to have overlapped nodes that result in energy consumption and the packet-loss of a specific node. Therefore, the proposed scheme proposes a novel competition-based disjointed multipath configuration algorithm.
Figure 4 shows the competition-based disjointed multipath configuration. As shown in Figure 4, packets are simultaneously transmitted from source nodes to path_1 and path_2. In this case, if the path is set as the greedy forwarding as mentioned above, since both paths share the closest node C as a transfer node and node C transmits more data than the bandwidth of Zigbee, the packet-loss occurs.
Considering these problems, the proposed scheme sets paths to transmit the data using a probe message having only the path IDs before transmitting packets. The node (node A) that receives the packet sends the probe message to the neighboring node for transmission first, that is, the closest node (node C) to the sink. In this case, the neighboring node that received the probe message does not reply when it does not receive the probe messages of other paths, that is, if there is no path already set. If there is no response from the neighboring node that has received the probe message, the node that sent the probe message determines that it can participate in its path and registers information of the specific node on its routing table. To the contrary, since the node that receives the packet intends to transmit to the neighboring node that already participates in another path, the neighboring node replies with a deny message to refuse the path setting. As an example, in Figure 4, when node A sends the probe message to node C, as node C already participates in path_2, it replies with a deny message against the probe message of node A, while node A recognizes the other neighboring node, node D, as a transfer node through the same process as mentioned above and registers the information of the specific node on its routing table. When the routing information of all paths go from the source nodes to the sink through these processes above, multimedia data are transmitted on the basis of the respective path. Algorithm 1 presents the pseudocode of the competition-based disjointed multipath configuration.
Table 2 shows the routing table that is created when the competition-based disjointed multipath configuration algorithm is performed. The PNodeID refers to the closest node to the source of the path, that is, the previous node. It is used to request a path resetting from the sink to the source node in the future. The CNodeID refers to itself, and the NNodeID refers to the next node close to the sink. The NNodeID is used for transmitting the packets transferred from the source to the sink. For example, in case of node C in Figure 4, node B and node F are registered in the routing table as the previous node and the next node, respectively, as shown in Table 2.
3.3. Disjointed Multipath Configuration
The sink stores the received split packets in the reception queues divided by paths and combines them into the original data when all packets with the frame have been received as shown in Figure 5. In the case of frame , it waits until frame has been received.
In general, if a packet has been lost during the transmission process, the infinite waiting occurs in a sink. In the proposed scheme, the sink uses the reception queues and timer in order to prevent infinite waiting. Figure 6 shows a node that receives and combines the split packets using a timer and waiting threshold. The sink sets a maximum waiting time, receives the packets during that time, and combines them for building the original data when the packet reception rate is over a threshold. If the packet reception rate is not over the threshold, the sink does not carry out the frame combination. In Figure 6, the frame could not have received frame within the maximum waiting time. In this case, it only combines the received packets except for frame into the original data. In addition, if frame has been lost and could not be received within the waiting threshold as in the case of frame , it carries out combining the received packets except for the respective packets. Algorithm 2 presents the pseudocode that receives and combines the split packets using the timer.
3.4. Path Evaluation and Reconfiguration
The sink receives the split packets with reception queues and combines the respective packets into original data after the maximum waiting time. Figure 7 shows the path evaluation and reconfiguration process of the proposed scheme. As shown in Figure 7, it is possible that a path has more hop-counts (transmission cost) than other paths, or the packets transferred through a specific path cannot be received constantly within the maximum waiting time or lost due to problems on the node after path setting. In this case, it is possible to solve the problems by setting a new path rather than using the problematic path.
For that purpose, the proposed scheme carries out path evaluation process by considering the delay time. After the initial paths are set, the sink carries out path evaluation after receiving 3 rounds from the source nodes, that is, packets for 3 frames. If a specific path has longer transmission time than maximum waiting time or if packets have been constantly lost, it reconfigures.
For path reconfiguration, the sink sends a path reset message to the source node through the path to be reconfigured. The path reset message includes the number of hop-counts of the path and the message is transferred to the source node. In this process, information of routing tables for each node is deleted. After the source node has received the path reset message, it performs the reconfiguration. Different from the initial path configuration process, the path reconfiguration reduces the number of hop-counts per path and allows node overlapping on the path considering equivalent energy consumption.
The path reconfiguration is the same as the initial path configuration process. However, different from the initial path configuration, the node receiving a probe message containing information about the path reconfiguration sends the value of its residual energy to the node that sent the probe message. It reduces the hop-counts of the paths and shortens transmission delay time by allowing path overlaps for the node with a lot of the residual energy considering the remaining energy of nodes.
4. Performance Evaluation
We have developed a simulator based on JAVA to evaluate our proposed scheme and the existing schemes [21]. The detailed simulation parameters are shown in Table 3. We assume that 10,000 sensors are deployed uniformly in a 1,000 × 1,000 (m) network field. The energy consumption for sending a message is determined by a constant function , where is the message size, is the transmission cost, is the amplification cost, and is the distance of message transmission. We set nJ/b and pJ/b/ in the simulation.The energy consumption for receiving a message is determined by a cost function ), where is the message size and is the transmission cost. We set nJ/b in the simulation [10, 11].
Figure 8 shows the end-to-end delay according to the network sizes. End-to-end delay is one of the important QoS parameters that we consider when designing our proposed routing protocol to handle the real-time traffic and deliver the packets. End-to-end delay is the time duration from the time that a source node sends its data packet to the time that the sink receives it. It can be measured as the sum of transmission delay, propagation delay, and queuing delay at each hop. The proposed scheme minimizes the end-to-end delay for a very large scale of multimedia data through data splitting and transmission using Bluetooth at the source nodes and the sink. However, since the existing scheme only uses the Zigbee to transmit the multimedia data, it causes a transmission delay nearby source or sink nodes. As a result, our scheme reduces the end-to-end delay by about 30% over the existing scheme.
Figure 9 shows the communication cost for multipath configuration according to the network sizes. The unit means the number of communications and time to configure the path. The existing scheme requires packets to go and return them several times to establish a path from the source node to the sink. Therefore, the larger the network size, the greater the communication cost required to configure the multipath. However, as the proposed scheme uses the competition-based disjointed multipath configuration, it enables a path to be configured with much less communication than the existing scheme. As a result, our scheme reduces communication costs to set the multipath by about 22% over the existing scheme.
Figure 10 shows the amount of reception data based on the size of the multimedia data. The existing scheme simply distributes transmission packets through the multipath. Since it is based on the Zigbee, most packets suffer from data transmission delay or packet-loss around the nodes near the source nodes or the base station. On the contrary, as the proposed scheme uses a high data rate of Bluetooth on the source nodes or base station, it is possible to utilize the maximum bandwidth of the multipath. As a result, our scheme increases the amount of the received data over the existing scheme by about 690% on average.
5. Conclusion
In this paper, we have analyzed the problems of the existing data transmission schemes for high capacity multimedia data and have proposed a novel disjointed multipath routing scheme for real-time data transmission. The proposed scheme has increased data reception rate for a very large scale of multimedia data through data splitting and transmission using Bluetooth at the source nodes and the base station. Moreover, we have proposed the competition-based disjointed multipath configuration algorithm. The proposed scheme has minimized the path configuration overheads of the existing schemes. It has also enabled fast receipt by ensuring FIFO with separate queues and by removing the sorting process of the received packets. Our scheme reduces the end-to-end delay to transmit the multimedia data and the communication cost to set the multipath and improves the amount of the received data over the existing scheme. In the near future, we will adjust the compression scheme for multimedia data to reduce the amount of transmission data. We will also perform the performance evaluation on the real-world applications.
Conflict of Interests
The authors declare that there is no conflict of interests regarding the publication of this paper.
This research was supported by the MSIP (Ministry of Science, ICT, and Future Planning), Korea, under the ITRC (Information Technology Research Center) support program (NIPA-2013-H0301-13-4009) supervised by the NIPA (National IT Industry Promotion Agency), the MSIP (Ministry of Science, ICT, and Future Planning), Korea, under the CITRC (Convergence Information Technology Research Center) support program (NIPA-2013-H0401-13-2011) supervised by the NIPA (National IT Industry Promotion Agency) and the Ministry of Education (MOE) and National Research Foundation of Korea (NRF) through the Human Resource Training Project for Regional Innovation (no. 2013H1B8A2032298).
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College Hockey:Points, not redemption, on Michigan Tech's mind this late in the season
Bowling Green took three of four points from Michigan Tech in December in Houghton, but when the Huskies traveled south last weekend to Ohio for a rematch with the Falcons, redemption, revenge and retribution were not on their mind.
According to Tech coach Mel Pearson, there's no time to think about payback at this point of the season. The only thing that matters in the WCHA is points.
"We didn't talk about [redemption] once," Pearson said. "The way the standings are and the situation we were in, it was more about just finding a way to get some points in those games. We didn't talk to our team about it at all.
"The race is so tight, you have to worry about that game and not worry about what happened prior with that team or any team."
Redemption proved to be nothing but an added bonus for the Huskies following a sweep at Bowling Green.
More importantly, Tech was able to climb out of a three-way tie for seventh and into a three-way tie for fifth in the league, giving the program a chance to not only make the WCHA playoffs but host a first-round best-of-three series at the John MacInnes Student Ice Arena.
The Huskies, who were picked in the preseason to finish third by the league's coaches and even awarded a first-place vote, are just one point back of fourth-place Alaska-Anchorage and three points shy of Bowling Green.
However, Pearson knows one or two bad nights could take his team back into a battle just to make the postseason.
"For our team, we have so many things to improve on," Pearson said. "We still could be out of the playoffs. We still need to work hard to get into the playoffs.
"Every game is a must-win game for a lot of teams, not just us."
This week the Huskies host last-place Alabama-Huntsville as part of the university's annual Winter Carnival. The Chargers have just one win this season and it came in the same rink in which Tech needed overtime on Saturday to complete the sweep of the Falcons.
The Huskies may not have been thinking about past battles with Bowling Green a week ago, but this week Pearson is making sure his guys remember the Falcons.
"We reminded them how hard and difficult it was and how we had to claw and scratch and compete," Pearson said. "I said, 'Gentlemen, the team we have next weekend beat Bowling Green in Bowling Green. If you need any more information than that, you shouldn't. That's all you need to know, how difficult it was for us to beat Bowling Green.'"
WCHA attendance takes a dive minus big barns
With big buildings such as Ralph Engelstad Arena, the Kohl Center and Mariucci Arena out of the WCHA and smaller venues now in the conference, the league's attendance figures just aren't the same.
Going into the stretch run, WCHA teams are averaging 2,464 fans per game. A year ago, the average was more than double that at 6,277.
Minnesota State leads the league with an average figure of 3,427 per game this season, followed by Bemidji State at 3,382 and Michigan Tech at 2,794. Alaska comes in next at 2,690.
In 98 games played in WCHA buildings this season, the 10 teams have drawn 241,434 fans.
The league had played to more than 1 million fans in each of the last three seasons.
Around the WCHA
• The Huskies became the first team to sweep the Falcons this weekend by winning 5-2 and 5-4 in overtime at the BGSU Ice Arena. Despite the two losses, the Falcons retained possession of third place in the WCHA. That position will be tough to hang on to since the Falcons have only six conference games remaining with three points separating third and fifth.
• There have been a lot of firsts in this first season of the new-look WCHA, and there will be another this weekend when Alabama-Huntsville plays Michigan Tech for the first time. (Congratulations, Chargers, you get the Winter Carnival weekend!) But there also will be a matchup of some longtime rivals when Bemidji State travels to Mankato to take on Minnesota State. The series dates to the schools' Division II days, and Bemidji leads the all-time series with a 47-40-13 record. Earlier this season, the teams split a series in Bemidji.
• Minnesota State and Alaska boast the league's top six scorers in conference play. The Mavericks' Jean-Paul LaFontaine (25 points) and Matt Leitner (24) sit atop the charts, followed by the Nanooks' Cody Kunyk (23) and Colton Beck (20). Minnesota State's Johnny McInnis and Alaska's Tyler Morley are tied at 19 points along with Bowling Green's Dan DeSalvo.
• Alaska Anchorage goalie Chris Kamal leads the league's goaltending race with a conference GAA of 1.67. Kamal has crossed the threshold of playing 33 percent of his team's minutes to qualify, but remember he didn't see his first action until a relief appearance on Nov. 30 at Minnesota State. Kamal has started the Seawolves' last nine games, going 6-2-1 with a .929 save percentage.
• Ferris State and Lake Superior State both are coming off their final bye weekend and will play five consecutive weekends of WCHA play to close out the season. Thanks to Northern Michigan's win Friday over second-place Minnesota State, the Bulldogs were able to hang on to first place in the WCHA. Meanwhile, sweeps by Michigan Tech and Alaska have left Lake Superior State alone in ninth place, three points back of eighth-place Northern Michigan.
• The Wildcats are also playing five consecutive weeks against WCHA opponents to close out the regular season, and it appears they'll be healthier in Big Rapids than they were the previous two weekends in Anchorage and Marquette. Freshman defenseman Brock Maschmeyer practiced in full Tuesday and Wednesday after missing back-to-back weekends with an upper body injury. Last weekend against Minnesota State, Northern Michigan got back senior defenseman Wade Epp and junior defenseman Luke Eibler. The Wildcats hit a low point in Anchorage on defense with four of their six starting defensemen injured. The only one of the four not back on the ice for practice this week is senior CJ Ludwig, who is out for the season.
• This week's WCHA players of the week are Michigan Tech forward David Johnstone (offensive), Alaska defenseman Colton Parayko (defensive) and Michigan Tech defenseman Shane Hanna (rookie).
USCHO covers the WCHA all week long on the WCHA Blog, with weekend recaps on Monday, picks on Friday, and updates during the week.
The following is a self-policing forum for discussing views on this story. Comments that are derogatory, make personal attacks, are abusive, or contain profanity or racism will be removed at our discretion. USCHO.com is not responsible for comments posted by users. Please report any inappropriate or offensive comments by clicking the "Flag" link next to that comment in order to alert the moderator.
Please also keep "woofing," taunting, and otherwise unsportsmanlike behavior to a minimum. Your posts will more than likely be deleted, and worse yet, you reflect badly on yourself, your favorite team and your conference.

subset: commoncrawl


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Posted on Tuesday, July 19, 2011 by Jim Norrena
The 16th Annual Yozo Hamaguchi Printmaking Scholarship Awards Exhibition is set for August 23–September 15, 2011, in the Isabelle Percy West Gallery on the Oakland campus, with a reception planned for Wednesday, September 7, from 6 to 8 p.m. (See the college's event calendar for complete exhibition details.)
2011 Hamaguchi Printmaking Scholarship Awardees
The 2011 Yozo Hamaguchi Printmaking Scholarship undergraduate winners listed below each received a $3,000 tuition scholarship.
Hunter Buck
Arielle Coupe
Abe Kummerow
Ryan LaBonte
Marcel Patzwald
Maiya Wiester
The 2011 Hamaguchi graduate scholarship was awarded to Amber Keig.
About the Printmaking Scholarship Awards
The purpose of the Printmaking Scholarship Awards Exhibition is to foster excellence and dedication in the study and practice of printmaking. Students must be enrolled full-time and in good academic standing to be eligible. Additionally, students must be enrolled in Printmaking during one of both semesters of the current academic year. Read more.
Students are not, however, required to be Printmaking majors; all majors are eligible provided the virtue of the character of the work submitted in print media contribute substantially to the quality of the whole body of work.
The 2011 Jury Committee
- Richard Lang, president of Electric Works (a gallery, store, and fine art printmaking studio located in San Francisco´s SOMA district). He is a poet, short-story writer, painter, printmaker and is sometimes seen performing poetry as The Poetry Jukebox.
- Mikae Hara, a CCA alumna (MFA Fine Arts 1986), now an Osaka University of Arts faculty member
- Thomas Wojak, CCA Printmaking faculty


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AP Photo/Ramon Espinosa)
The following story ran this week in "The InterMountain" a community newspaper covering Elkins, Buckhannon and other small towns in their area. InterMountain has granted me permission to rerun this story here.
I feel the story shows the heart of West Virginias not only in times of calamities, but year around. It also shows that people of faith are the ones that reach out to help the needy. Please see the link at the bottom of the story.
UPDATE: Link to related story
Locals recall missions to Haiti
By BEN SIMMONS, Staff Writer
ELVINS, W Va. - In what President Barack Obama is calling one of the largest relief efforts in recent history, thousands of troops and a massive array of civilian rescue workers have deployed to the earthquake stricken country of Haiti this week to begin relief efforts.
The magnitude-7 quake struck Tuesday at about 5 p.m. According to The Associated Press, at least eight hospitals in the nation's capital, Port-au-Prince, were severely damaged making it impossible to treat the thousands of injured or prevent the outbreak of diseases. More than 50,000 people are believed to be dead.
Although Elkins is a relatively small community, a significant number of residents have visited Haiti on missionary and humanitarian trips over the past several decades. Members of the religious and medical communities have traveled to the island to build clinics, orphanages, homes and other structures.
Dr. Samuel Roberts of Elkins has made nearly 20 trips to Haiti since the early 1990s. He's been responsible for helping build two medical clinics, one of which is located about 15 miles from the earthquake's epicenter. He doesn't know if it is still standing.
"It's hard to conceive how desperate this country was before, I can't imagine in my worst nightmare how bad it is now," Roberts said. "There is looting and rioting. It's basic survivalism and people are trying to help themselves and their families. It's devastating. I feel helpless being here and not being able to go."
Robert said each trip he made spanned one to two weeks. While there, he would stay in church compounds or in huts. He still has "very close connections" with students and orphans whom he has worked with over the years. He said he keeps in touch with many of them on a regular basis; however, he doesn't know if his friends are still alive because the communications have been knocked out.
"What little infrastructure they had is not there anymore," Roberts said. "There are no fire departments and no emergency squads. They only have a rudimentary police department. Now with the earthquake, it devastated what infrastructure they did have in place. There is just nothing in place to deal with this type of emergency. The only help the people would have would come through the United Nations, the U.S. aid or a church missionary project, and that's where most of the good is done, through the church missionary groups."
During his trips, Roberts worked closely with the Functional Literacy Ministry, a charitable organization with strong ties to Haiti. He said the organization is requesting donations and "every penny" is sent to schools, churches and clinics in Haiti. Roberts said he is planning to make the trip in a few weeks to assist with disaster relief.
Mark Talbott, co-owner of Elkins Builder Supply and Talbott Glass, has been to Haiti six times with Roberts. He's made trips to Port-au-Prince and Fort Liberte, among other places. He's done everything from helping build a clinic to handing out medicine.
"I helped do whatever was needed," Talbott said. "I did construction work, mostly. We built a clinic in Port-Au-Prince.
"To describe the place, it's a third world country. There is nobody in West Virginia as poor as these people. They have absolutely nothing. Here's the thing, they only have rich people and poor people. There is no middle class. It is very difficult for people to move up the ladder. I met people who have all kinds of ambition and no avenue to go anywhere with it. They can't even do anything with an education because there are no jobs.
"I'm sure that it's just devastated an area that is already devastated. This year they went through hurricane season without any hurricanes and then they have an earthquake, it's like they are doomed. The only thing that is nice there is the weather - it's a Caribbean island. There was only one storm when I was there. It was a tropical storm and even that type of thing, blows their shacks down," he said.
Talbott said the quality of construction is very poor because there are no building codes and people use whatever supplies they have to construct homes and other structures.
"The concrete is very sandy without much cement in it," Talbott said. "It crumbles easily and doesn't hold. They do use steel rebar, but that's minimal. They do construction as cheap as possible. The buildings that are built correctly are fairly nice, but the average person can't do that type of construction. Most people live in shacks or one story block buildings with dirt floors and a tin roof."
He said most Haitians would come to the clinic whether they were sick or not, just to get medicines to help them later. He said almost the entire population has high blood pressure or is malnourished.
"Right now the important thing is since it's in the news everybody in the world is anxious to help and do something immediately and that's going to make an immediate impact," Talbott said. "But what's going to happen in a month or two from now, when it's not so much in the news? It's going to take a long time for them to rebuild."
Bonnie Woodrum, RN, strategic national stockpile coordinator for the Randolph County Health Department, returned from the northeastern town of Fort Liberte, Haiti, on Jan. 6. She visits Haiti each year and estimates she's made about 20 trips since 1990, including a few with Roberts.
"I spoke with some friends from Fort Liberte and they said they felt the aftershocks, and they live about 150 miles away," Woodrum said. "I belong to a group called Friends of Fort Liberte and we go to the same place each year. We've built a school and an orphanage and managed to get a clinic building built. We sponsor the clinic, so it's open year round. It has changed the whole health of the town and area in general."
While there, Woodrum said she typically works at the clinic. However, she said several projects often require everyone to help. Most recently, she said a footer was dug for a new orphanage and a farm was constructed to help feed the children.
"We have a program to feed the kids school lunches," Woodrum said. "We have a sponsorship program for nearly 500 children in that town. The little bit of money going in constantly has helped the economy of the whole town. Consistency is the reason we have made a difference. We don't do grandiose things, but we are persistent in it.
"A lot of people in the area have been supporting this mission for a long time," Woodrum said. "We have more to work within our clinic than they do in the hospital. This is from a bunch of volunteers. We pay our own way and we buy our own supplies. It's amazing what a few people can do."
Although there is a hospital in the town, Woodrum said the people have to pay up front and it often doesn't have the necessary supplies.
"We work in the clinic and people line up for miles because they know the Blancs are going to help them," Woodrum said. "We are probably more generous with our meds. We manage to keep that clinic open year around, so when people have cuts or burns they can get treatment. We see lots of burns because nearly everyone there cooks over open fire."
Bowden Family Worship Center Pastor Lynn Ryder said his church has three missionaries ready to make the trip. However, the effort has been postponed because many flights into Haiti have been cancelled. Rider said the missionaries, which include Davis Memorial Hospital nurses Luke Bucher and Charlene Simmons, along with a teenage student, are still planning to go as soon as possible.
"We have three missionaries ready to go, but they had to cancel because there are no flights going in," Rider said. "Now the two nurses are trying to find a way down now, but there is no use to go down there unless they can get hooked up with somebody because they will need a place to stay and food and water."
Rider said he will be talking with the church's board to see what else can be done. The church intends to help out financially.
Even before the earthquake struck, Bucher and Simmons were planning to head to Haiti this weekend.
"We were getting ready to do a medical trip," Bucher said. "We have a friend that already went. He's OK; he didn't get injured or killed. He was with us last year and decided to go down early. Now we can't get there, but we'll be going just as soon as we can. We want to help out anyway we can. It's just heartbreaking to see all the devastation.
"It's going to take a lot of coordination to get things set up. The hospitals were already overwhelmed, now they have even more to deal with. The big needs right now are food and water and addressing the big injuries. It's only going to get a lot worse over the next few months," he said.
Bridget and Charles Mauzy of Elkins made a few trips to Haiti with their sons in the late 1990s. Bridget Mauzy is a nurse and her husband works in construction.
Both were shocked after seeing the earthquake footage from the television news media.
"Even under their best circumstances, it's just horrible," Bridget Mauzy said. "It's hard for people to imagine what it's like if they have never been there. They are very good people and they are very welcoming and very grateful. We're just trying to figure out what we can do to help."
Bridgett Mauzy said having been to Haiti brought the experience "close to home."
While in Haiti, Bridget Mauzy worked in the medical clinic and her husband and sons worked on various construction projects including building a trade school and orphanage.
"They had a bucket brigade," Bridget Mauzy remembered. "The Haitians would help by passing buckets of cement down the line. They would go forever. They wouldn't stop. They didn't have rubber boots, so they would take inner tube tires and tie them around their shoes or feet to make boots."
Although several charitable organizations are raising funds for relief efforts, Roberts said anyone interested in donating money should consider making a contribution to the Functional Literacy Ministry.
Donations can be sent to FLM Haiti Inc., 1064 Premier St., Pittsburgh, Pa. 15201, or made on line at www.Flmhaiti.org.
SOURCE: The InerMountain


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The pot-belly of Göbekli Tepe is no place for a navel
Göbekli Tepe, a mound in southeastern Turkey supposedly representing the "world's first temple", has become a major Neolithic site featuring stone pillars with intricate carvings of various animals. A mostly informative article by Sandra Scham in the November/December 2008 issue of Archaeology is about the recent findings in Göbekli Tepe.
Near the end of her piece, Scham translates the Turkish name of the place as "hill of the navel". Wrong.
Yes, one meaning of göbek is indeed "navel", and another is "belly". But göbekli means "pot-bellied". For example, see the translation given by From Language to Language and also the on-line dictionary of the Turkish Language Society.
Therefore, Göbekli Tepe means "pot-bellied hill". The name probably refers to the shape of the mound.
I suppose Scham doesn't know Turkish and so I can't be too critical of a little translation mistake. Alas, she didn't stop there, but, instead, continued into the realm of silliness:
...to me the site is reminiscent of other places known as sacred "navels" of the earth, such as Cusco in Peru and Delphi in Greece. Many religions use the metaphor of a human birth to describe the creation of the world, and the site where the cosmos began is equated with the place where the umbilicus was attached.Blah, blah, blah. As far as Göbekli Tepe is concerned, this is nonsense of cosmic proportions. Does Scham really think that the symbolic association of the place with a navel—assuming that the neolithic hunter-gatherers indeed considered that association—survived for 10,000 years, even though the structures at the site had become completely buried prior to the recent excavations, and was somehow re-expressed in the present-day Turkish name of the hill?
Translations from unfamiliar languages could be tricky with unwanted results. Here is a recent hilarious example.


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In what appears to be both a pain to victims and a waste of perfectly good pastries, some residents of an Oregon town have reported several cases of vandalism involving cars smeared with doughnuts, of all things.
Oregon Live noted on Monday that the tasty capers have been going down in the town of Hillsboro, located just west of Portland (a city known nationwide for its excellent doughnuts). In one neighborhood, residents have seen pastries like maple bars and chocolate doughnuts with sprinkles unceremoniously smudged or simply left on car windshields.
The vandalism isn't completely restricted to pastries, however; though doughnuts appear to be used the most often, the use of snack cakes, eggs, potato salad, and yogurt have also been reported.
A woman first reported the unusual activity earlier this month and told police that though she wasn't a victim herself, her roommate and neighbors had been. She also recalled seeing food strewn throughout the neighborhood about 13 times (coincidentally, that's a baker's dozen).
The first victim who went to police had to deal with the vandalism and its associated cleaning costs not one, but six times starting in early June. The woman's car was reportedly hit with a maple bar two separate times and pink yogurt, potato salad, a cinnamon doughnut, and "bread soaked in a white 'slimy' liquid" on the other occasions.
Some detective work determined that the doughnuts were probably purchased or stolen from WinCo Foods and Albertsons. Police also determined that the vandalism has been taking place overnight and is likely being done by younger people (a "Twilight" book was left behind at the scene of one incident, after all). Sergeant Dan O'Loughlin called the acts "more likely crimes of easy opportunity" in his report.
Authorities do not believe anyone has specifically been targeted but will still do some extra patrolling of the neighborhood to catch the "bakery bandits," as Hillsboro police spokesman Lt. Mike Rouches calls the perps.
"In my 25 years in police services, I have never investigated or seen a criminal mischief involving pastries," Rouches said.


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EUGENE, Ore. - The Oregon women's basketball team looks to snap its conference skid on Friday night as the Ducks play host to Washington State.
The Ducks (9-8, 0-6 Pac-12) and Cougars (11-7, 5-1) tip at 7 p.m. inside Matthew Knight Arena. The game will be streamed live on Pac-12.com but will not be televised.
WSU Series Record: Oregon leads, 60-14 (29-6 at home)
Last Meeting: W, 65-60 (Feb. 17, 2013 in Eugene)
Notable: Oregon has dropped six straight games to open Pac-12 play after going 9-2 in non-conference action. The Ducks entered league play on a seven-game winning streak, the longest under head coach Paul Westhead. Oregon leads the nation, averaging 96.5 points per game. Jillian Alleyne leads the NCAA, averaging 14.7 rebounds per game.
Last Game: Jan. 19 vs. Utah (L, 59-57)
Head Coach: June Daughtery (Seventh Season)
Notable: Washington State suffered its first conference loss on Sunday against Utah. The Utes, however, picked up their first Pac-12 win in the game. The Cougars are led by Tia Presley's 19.3 points per game and Shalie Dheensaw's 7.7 rebounds per game. This is Washington State's first Pac-12 game of the year outside the state of Washington (5 home, 1 at UW).
It will be Girl Scouts Day at Matthew Knight Arena for the women's basketball game against Washington State on Friday night (7 PM). All scouts in uniform will receive $3 general admission tickets and those troops that have registered will get to participate in the Girl Scout Sleepover at the arena.
Oregon will be participating in National Girls and Women in Sports Day on Sunday with a variety of events during the women's basketball game against Washington (12 PM). The Oregon women's lacrosse, soccer, track & field, volleyball and acrobatics & tumbling teams will be present and hosting skills drills and fun competitions in the practice gyms on the main concourse of Matthew Knight Arena starting at 11 a.m. until tip time at noon. The teams will also be giving away 3,000 trading cards for all fans at the doors.
NGWSD is celebrated in all 50 states with community-based events, award ceremonies, and activities honoring the achievements and encouraging participation of girls and women in sports.
NGWSD began in 1987 as a day to remember Olympic volleyball player Flo Hyman for her athletic achievements and her work to assure equality for women's sports. Hyman died of Marfan's Syndrome in 1986 while competing in a volleyball tournament in Japan. Since that time, NGWSD has evolved into a day to acknowledge the past and recognize current sports achievements, the positive influence of sports participation, and the continuing struggle for equality and access for women in sports.
Oregon's game on Fridya night against Washington State will be streamed free online at Pac-12.com because the game will not be broadcast on Pac-12 Networks. The Ducks' game on Sunday afternoon versus Washington, however, will be broadcast on the Pac-12 Networks, with Ann Schatz and former Pepperdine head coach Julie Rousseau on the call. Fans can also listen to Terry Jonz's call on the radio via KUGN 590 AM (Eugene), KUIK 1360 AM (Portland) and TuneIn Radio (online and mobile devices). Live stats are available for both games at goducks.com.
The weekend the Oregon schools host the Washington schools, the NorCal schools host the SoCal schools and Arizona State and Arizona visit Utah and Colorado.
- Of all Pac-12 opponents, Oregon has had the most success against Washington State, boasting 60 wins in the all-time series. Second best is Oregon State, as the Ducks own 59 wins all-time against the rival Beavers.
- Oregon has won three straight in the series with washington State. The Ducks won just two Pac-12 games last season, with both coming against the Cougars.
- Under head coach Paul Westhead, the Ducks are 5-3 against the Cougars since he took over for the 2009-10 season. Three of those five wins came in Eugene.
- Oregon's longest winning streak in the series is 17 games, spanning a decade from 1978-1988.
- Washington State's longest winning streak in the series is just two games, coming on three occassions. Most recently was a season sweep in 2010-11, which were the last wins by the Cougars over the Ducks.
2012-13: Jordan Loera posted 21 points and 12 rebounds for her second double-double of the season in a 65-60 win over the Cougars on Feb. 17, 2013. That was Oregon's second win over Washington State last year. In the first, on Jan. 25, 2013, Amanda Delgado scored a career-high 21 points on a career-best seven three-pointers.
2011-12: On Feb. 11, 2012, Oregon defeated Washington State, 67-62, behind Amanda Johnson's 23 points. The Cougars led the entire game until Johnson hit a three-pointer with 4:05 to play and the Ducks held on by hitting free throws down the stretch.
2010-11: Nia Jackson scored the Ducks' final eight points as Oregon defeated Washington State, 77-72, on Jan. 6, 2011. Jackson finished with 22 points and added eight rebounds, four assists and five steals.
2009-10: Micaela Cocks scored a team-best 22 points as the Ducks won a high-scoring affair, 98-92, on Jan. 3, 2010. Cocks' three-pointer with 5:14 gave Oregon an 82-80 lead and the Ducks held on in the final minutes.
2008-09: Taylor scored 20 points as the Ducks swept the state of Washington for the first time in nine years with a 57-41 win in Pullman on Jan. 17, 2009.
2007-08: Oregon held Washington State to just 45 points on March 7, 2008, at the Pac-12 Tournament in a 66-45 win. It is still the fewest points allowed by the Ducks in a Pac-12 Tournament game.
The Oregon women's basketball team held off a furious final-minute charge by Washington State to win their fourth game of the season, 65-60, on Feb. 17, 2013 at Matthew Knight Arena. Oregon's only two conference wins last season came against Washington State. Sophomore Jordan Loera and freshman Jillian Alleyne each registered a double-double in the home victory. For Loera, her second double-double of the year came courtesy of a game-high 21 points and 12 rebounds. Alleyne finished with 15 points and a game-high 17 rebounds. Oregon held Washington State to under 30 percent from the field (23-for-78) and out-rebounded the visiting Cougars, 55-47. In addition, the Ducks held the Cougars to a dismal 14 percent (4-of-28) from behind the arc. Guard Lia Galdeira scored 19 points for Washington State, which also received 11 points and six boards from then-freshman forward Mariah Cooks. Forward Sage Romberg added eight points and seven rebounds.
Oregon continues to lead the NCAA in scoring at 96.5 points per game. Oregon has reached 100+ points seven times this season and hit the century mark five straight games before scoring 96 points against Cal State Northridge on Dec. 29. Oregon has been held under 100 points in each of six Pac-12 games thus far and is averaging 80.3 points per game in conference play. The Ducks' 131 points against Bakersfield in the season-opener on Nov. 9 is the second most in any NCAA game this season (behind Kentucky's 133-130 4OT output against Baylor) and set new Pac-12 and school records. The Ducks' 130 points against Southern would have set both school and conference marks as well, if not for the 131 points scored against Bakersfield.
Oregon is third in the nation in made three-pointers, averaging 9.8 per game. Sacramento State, which defeated the Ducks at Matthew Knight Arena on Nov. 17, leads the nation at 13.3 made threes per game. The Ducks and Hornets combined to attempt an NCAA record 86 threes in thier game. Oregon would have tied the NCAA record with 52 three-point attempts against Southern on Dec. 18, but Sacramento State took 55 four days prior on Dec. 14 against UC Irvine.
Despite the Ducks' 0-6 start to conference play, sophomore Jillian Alleyne has consistently shined. The 6-foot-3 forward is averaging a team-high 21.2 points per game in five Pac-12 contests to go with an amazing 15.5 rebounds per game. Alleyne has posted a double-double against all six Pac-12 foes the Ducks have met this season, including 26 points and 13 rebounds at No. 4 Stanford to open league play on Jan. 3. She had 15 points and season-high 20 rebounds on Jan. 17 at UCLA and 21 points to go with 17 boards at USC on Jan. 19.
Jillian Alleyne leads the nation in rebounding at 14.7 per game. She upped her average after grabbing 37 total rebounds last weekend in Los Angeles against UCLA and USC. She has grabbed 10+ rebounds in 15 of 17 games this season, only coming up when she went out with a rolled ankle against Sacramento State and when she grabbed nine boards at No. 1 ranked UConn on Nov. 20. If the season ended today, her 14.7 rebounds per game would smash the single-season school record of 13.6, held by Bev Smith during the 1979-80 season. Bev Smith also holds the total rebounds record with 376 during the 1980-81 season. Alleyne came up just seven rebounds short of break that mark last season as she pulled down 370 boards in her freshman campaign.
Jillian Alleyne posted her 27th career double-double (in 48 career games played) and her NCAA-leading 15th of the season on Sunday afternoon at USC. She has a double-double in 13 straight games. Alleyne was tied for third in the Pac-12 last year as a freshman with 12 double-doubles, when she was selected Pac-12 Freshman of the Year in the media vote. Right now Alleyne ranks eighth all-time at Oregon in career double-doubles. Just in front of Alleyne are Catherine Kraayveld (2000-05) and Arianne Boyer (1993-97), who are tied for sixth with 28 career double-doubles. The school record is 88, set by Bev Smith from 1978-82. Smith also holds the single-season record, with 24 double-doubles during the 1981-82 season.
Chrishae Rowe leads all freshman, scoring 21.5 points per game. She ranks 22nd in the NCAA overall. She and Washington's Kelsey Plum (46th, 19.4 ppg) are the only freshman ranked in the top-50 in the nation in scoring. Rowe is also the top scoring underclassman in the nation, as every player above her in the rankings are juniors or seniors.
Last year Jillian Alleyne shot 53.8 percent from the free throw line in her otherwise stellar freshman campaign. This year, the sophomore now ranks ninth in the Pac-12 at 77.0 percent, an improvement of 23.2 percent. Of the top 15 in the Pac-12 in free throw percentage, Alleyne has the most makes and attempts (97-of-126).
Oregon not only leads the Pac-12 in scoring at 96.5 points per game, the Ducks lead the Pac-12 in free throw percentage (73.4 percent), rebounds (52.2 per game), steals (11.47 per game) and turnover margin (+4.94 per game). Oregon also leads the Pac-12 in made three-pointers (9.82 per game) plus offensive rebounds (22.29).
- Chrishae Rowe (2nd - 21.5 ppg) and Jillian Alleyne (3rd - 20.6 ppg) both rank in the top-5 in scoring in the Pac-12 this season. The Ducks feature five players in the top-30 in scoring.
- Alleyne is dominating on the glass as well, averaging a Pac-12 and NCAA leading 14.7 rebounds per game. No other player in the league is averaging better than 12.0 rebounds per game (Stanford's Chiney Ogwumike). Only four players in the league average more than 10 rebounds per game (Alleyne, Ogwumike, Aminah Williams and Michelle Plouffe).
- Loper and Rowe have gotten it done behind the three-point line, as the duo rank second and third, respectively, in made three-point field goals per game. Loper has hit 49 threes (2.88 per game) while Rowe has knocked down 44 threes (2.59 per game).
- Rowe is second in the Pac-12 in steals (2.65 per game) while Danielle Love is sixth (1.94 per game) and Alleyne is eighth (1.82 per game).
- The Ducks, the Pac-12's best free throw shooting team, also boast three of the top-10 free throw shooters in the conference. Ariel Thomas ranks fifth in the Pac-12 at 79.7 percent while Jillian Alleyne is ninth (77.1 percent) and Lexi Petersen is 10th (75.5 percent).
- Thomas is second in the league in assist-to-turnover ratio (2.3) with 71 assists and 31 turnovers.
- Thomas is fourth in the league in assists per game (4.44).
Oregon dropped 12 spots in the Sagarin RBI to 77, after losing at USC on Sunday afternoon. Oregon checks in at 63 in the RealTime RPI and 92 in the NCAA RPI . All seven of Oregon's losses have to come to teams ranked in the top 50, except for Sacramento State, which is 11-4 on the year, and UCLA.
In the NCAA, a team has taken 100 or more field goal attempts in a game this year just four times. Oregon accounts for three of those instances. Baylor attempted a NCAA-high 105 shots against Duke in a four-overtime game, while the Ducks attempted 102 shots on Dec. 18 against Southern plus 101 shots against both No. 23 ranked California on Jan. 5 (OT) and Bakersfield on Nov. 9.
This season Oregon is 7-0 when shooting better than 40 percent from the field but is 2-8 when shooting less than 40 percent. The Ducks defeated Pepperdine and Southern when shooting less than 40 percent while the Ducks have shot under 40 percent from the field in each of their eight losses.
Oregon is 43-15 under head coach Paul Westhead when scoring 80-or-more points. The Ducks went 17-5 when reaching 80 points in 2009-10, Westhead's first and most successful season. Since then, Oregon has gone 9-3 in 2010-11 when scoring 80+, a perfect 8-0 in 2011-12 and 0-2 last season. This year, Oregon is 9-5 when reaching the 80-point mark, with losses to Sacramento State on Nov. 17, No. 23 ranked California in overtime on Jan. 5, Oregon State on Jan. 11, UCLA on Jan. 17 and USC on Jan. 19.
Oregon has reached 100+ points seven times this season. The Ducks scored a Pac-12 record 131 points in their season-opening win over Bakersfield and 113 points in a victory versus Portland. The Ducks scored 100+ points in five straight games, including 130 on Dec. 18 in a 40-point win over Southern and 124 points on Dec. 20 against Cal Poly. The Ducks failed to reach 100 in their last four games. The Ducks are averaging 81.3 points per game through three league contests. Under head coach Paul Westhead, Oregon has reached the century mark 14 times, winning all but one of those games (13-1).
With the new 10-second backcourt violation rule in place this season, Oregon's press-and-run style should benefit. Thus far, Oregon has forced four 10-second backcourt violations, with one against Portland on Nov. 12, one versus Sacramento State on Nov. 17, one against Portland State on Dec. 14 and one at No. 23 ranked California on Jan. 5.
Oregon is 44-35 at home under head coach Paul Westhead. The Ducks averaged 11 home wins per season under Westhead before last year, when Oregon won three games at Matthew Knight Arena. His best record was in his first season, 2009-10, when the Ducks boasted a 14-6 home mark, which included six Pac-12 victories. Oregon is 8-2 at Matthew Knight Arena this season. The Ducks are 1-6 on the road this year, however.


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Arizona 2, Houston 1 (Box Score)
TEMPE, Ariz. - The Arizona women's soccer team picked up its third win of the season against the University of Houston in a 2-1 victory at the Sun Devil Desert Classic in Tempe, Ariz.
The Wildcats (3-3) came out very aggressive on offense registering a total of 20 shots with 14 on goal. Freshman Hannah Wong led the team with four total shots on goal while both Julia Glanz and Jazmin Ponce each registered two shots on goal.
"We started off slow," head coach Lisa Oyen said. "We were able to regroup and play how we wanted to in the second half. I give credit to our players to get our goal; they did a great job in creating opportunities. They are committed as a group to get to the level of play we want to be at."
Houston (3-4) registered its first goal in the 27th minute after Kylie Cook passed it to Jasmine Martinez. Arizona then answered in the 55th minute when Brie DeFelice scored after a deflected shot off of the Houston goalkeeper. With 24 minutes left in the game, Alex Smith scored the game winner for Arizona off of a penalty kick.
In the net, Arizona goalkeeper Gabby Kaufman recorded three saves throughout the game while Houston goalkeeper, Cami Koski, registered 12 saves.
The Wildcats are set to host the Arizona Cats Classic at Murphey Field at Mulcahy Stadium in Tucson, Ariz. Arizona will take on Florida International on Friday, Sept. 14 at 7:30 p.m. and then play Loyola Marymount on Sunday, Sept. 16 at 7:00 p.m.


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San Luis Obispo, CA — Last night at approximately 9:00 SLO PD Officers responded to the 700 block of Marsh to the report of a male breaking windows at businesses. A person identified as 33-year-old Samuel Dabill threw himself against several windows of businesses but didn't cause damage to them.
Then he approached a female getting into her car in the 700 Block of Marsh. Dabill forced his way into the vehicle. She pushed him out of the car, and then Dabill approached the Bluebird Salon on Marsh Street.
He overturned a couple of large pots in front of the salon. He entered the salon and threw a glass shelf full of product onto the floor. He continued to throw product, chairs, and display items around the business. All of the employees fled out of the business and were not injured. After causing a couple of thousand dollars of damage to the business, Dabill fled from the scene on foot.
Witnesses followed him and alerted officers to his location. He was taken into custody without incident and was booked into county jail for burglary, false imprisonment, and felony vandalism. He is being held on $20,000 bail.


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I have a server with Adaptec HostRaid controller. It has 2x 2TB drives. If I go to create a RAID0 array (striped), it will set the array's capacity to 2TB, when I go to create a RAID1 array (mirrored, and what I want to use), it sets the array's capacity to 1023GB instead of something closer to 2TB. The utility shows both drives as 1.8TB, what do I need to do to create a ~1.8TB RAID1 array?
This is the typical distinction in how disk manufacturers and logic systems measure disk space, disk manufacturers will assume that 1Tb is 1000 Gb where most of the other systems it'll assume that 1Tb is 1024Gb.
Apart from this consideration it looks like your RAID card isn't performing its job, it could be highly possible that it doesn't see all the hard drive sectors, since the introduction of drives with 4k per sector (normally it was 1k per sector) most hardware devices need a new firmware update to support this, check with Adaptec to see if you can update your firmware and check if that helps, you should end up with a RAID1 with a capacity of 2Tb (or 1.8Tb, same same).
Creating a RAID 0 Array of 2x2TB drive should give you a resulting array of around 4TB, which it is not. I would suspect that your RAID controller has issues in seeing drives greater than 1TB in size. I would look for a firmware update for your controller to allow it to make use of the full capacity of all of your drives.
OK, no worries, and thanks for the drive models.
I have to agree with the second part of lynxman's answer, that limit of 1023GB sounds very suspiciously like a programming issue with the RAID controller, and if bringing it as up-to-date as possible doesn't give you all 2TB, then I fear using software RAID will be your best bet.
CentOS 5 supports an install onto software RAID, so you shouldn't have any problems with that.
For what it's worth, I personally prefer software RAID to shonky hardware RAID anyway. An important element of RAID on a server is the ability to know when a drive has failed - otherwise you generally only find out when the second drive has failed, and that's not such great protection. Whilst separate RAID cards often have good Linux support, I've found that many short-lived on-the-motherboard hardware controllers have very poor Linux support, and offer you no way to check the state of the underlying drives from the running OS.
The numbers for the RAID1 setup are correct: 1 Terabyte is only 1,000 Gigabytes, etc...
The reason you see a neat 2048Gigabytes for the RAID0 array is because your RAID card cannot cope with anything (hard disk or RAID array) bigger than 2048Gigabytes. So don't setup the RAID0 with its current BIOS/firmware: it will crash and burn at some point, a bit like a USB stick with fake capacity.


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Taxi (mission)
This is a vehicle side mission which is started by entering a vehicle rather than going to a phone. It is recommended you do these missions to help build up your points though.
Enter the yellow Taxi in north Park. Bubby's wife, Skye, needs to be picked up from her friend's house in central Estoria. After picking her up, you must take her to pick up her "personal trainer" in southeast Brocklyn. Once the trainer is picked up, you have to take them to the Mon Signor hotel in central Kings.
Text Strategy
N/E, E big, bridge, S bridge, W small, S small.
S, E small, S bridge, W big, follow S big to end, W big.
E, N big, E big, N big to Garage. END!
Video Strategy (External Link)
If the directions were confusing, here is the video:
Taxi by SilentPhill's GTA 1 Let's Play on YouTube


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Tomer Hazan
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Israel Ministry of Foreign Affairs
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In Memoriam
Tomer Hazan
Sgt. Tomer Hazan
Sept 20, 2013 - Sgt. Tomer Hazan, 20, of Bat Yam was lured by a Palestinian co-worker to an open area north of the village of Siniria, where he was murdered and his body concealed in a well.
On Friday, September 20, Nidal Amar, a resident of Beit Amin, a Palestinian village in the West Bank, convinced Sgt. Tomer Hazan - his co-worker at a Bat Yam restaurant - to share a taxi to Shaarei Tikva, a town near his village. When the two arrived at the village, Nidal took the soldier to an open field north of the village of Siniria, where he murdered him. He then dumped his body in a well. Amar said his motive for the murder was to 'trade' the soldier's body for the release of his brother, Nur al-Din Amar, a Fatah Tanzim member in prison since 2003.
While Nidal Amar is not known to have belonged to a terrorist organization, Fatah's military wing, the Al Aqsa Brigades, issued a statement that it had sponsored the murder of Hazan.
Friends spoke of him as the life of the party with a wicked sense of humor, a gracious and generous young man who planned to travel with his friends after their army service and then move in with them in a bachelor pad in Tel Aviv. Hazan had a magnetic smile, friends said, and would light up and steal the microphone when a song he loved was played at karaoke. He was described as an eternal optimist who loved to blow money on clothes, a good-hearted young man whose trust in the good will of others lead to his death.
One of his three brothers, Ophir, described Sergeant Hazan in the eulogy as the family's fashion and hairstyle consultant who was always in motion. Whenever he told his brother to slow down and rest, he said, Sergeant Hazan replied, "You only live once."
Sgt. Tomer Hazan was bured in the Holon military cemetery. He is survived by his parents, Aryeh and Sara, and three brothers.
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Have you already installed NetBeans 6.1 beta?
By Roman Strobl on III 06, 2008
If not, go get it now... the beta of 6.1 is available from netbeans.org! :) Feedback appreciated.
Btw congrats to the NetBeans community for getting yet another Jolt award (for the best IDE). It has not been announced on the website yet but we won this award again. Great start of the year after winning 3 developer.com awards!


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I have lived with the songs on this album for many, many years. They all come from the heart. It was a fantastic experience recording them with Tamir's great arrangements and the remarkable talents of this stellar band.
Bill Coté loves to sing. He serenades his family and friends all the time on an informal basis, when he's not soaking in all that jazz culture. He proposed to his wife of 43 years by singing the Michel Legrand/Marilyn and Alan Bergman ballad, "What Are You Doing The Rest Of Your Life?" when she was in the kitchen. The times he's gotten up on stage, he's delighted the audience with his own L.A. version of Billy Joel's "New York State Of Mind."
The amateur singer (businessman and lawyer) was enjoying himself on a jazz cruise in 2010 when he struck up a conversation with Tamir Hendelman, the award-winning pianist from the Clayton-Hamilton Jazz Orchestra. Then, the two got onstage. Hendelman knew right away that Coté had the stuff to record his own album of jazz standards. The basso profundo voice that got so impossibly deep and so impossibly rich, the deeply personal notes in every lyrical curve… It was time.
"I've been singing jazz standards for nearly 50 years and have had the honor to be close friends with some of the greatest jazz musicians around. But it wasn't until a jazz cruise I took in 2010 that my longtime dream of making my own CD was re-ignited," Coté affirmed.
Coté proves he's far from an amateur on this April 15, 2014 release, with the Tamir Hendelman Trio — bassist Martin Wind, drummer Joe LaBarbera — and special guests Bob Sheppard (sax/flute) and Graham Dechter (guitar). Hendelman arranged all of Coté's favorite standards, all 16 of them. Coté oversaw the recording as executive producer, and worked with Hendelman to produce a meaningful collection that entertains, touches, and fulfills both the fan and the musician.
The standards weren't just thrown in there for laughs. Each one means something special to Coté, including that standard he sang to the great love of his life in the kitchen when asking her to marry him. "Each of the tunes I chose for this project have been part of my life for a long time and resonate with me for a myriad of different reasons," Coté said.
Coté's engagement standard is made especially heart-tugging, poignantly so with the addition of what sounds like a bow drawn on cello strings, and Hendelman's tender warm pianissimo. Coté completes the soft romantic picture with vocals that understates the quiet gratitude of finding someone remarkable to share a life with, in shades drawn and awestruck — a reflection amplified in dulcet waves by the piano and bass solos. The lyrics in "What Are You Doing The Rest Of Your Life" are made real in Coté's honest, caring inflection, phrasing, and vocal sweeps. He understands the song. It's in his voice.
Coté's "L.A. State Of Mind" is a crowd pleaser, a fun, (guitar) funky, frolicking play off Billy Joel's more somber, hand's-off hit, "New York State Of Mind." He replaces NYC with L.A. landmarks and terms, and lightens his formidable voice as easily as he drops heavy, deep, and low on ballads. "It was so easy living day by day, outta touch with the coast and Malibu. But now I need a dose of give and take, the L.A. Times, the Valley News… Don't care if it's Staples or the whole West side… I'm just soakin' up sunshine, drinkin' California wine 'cause I'm in an L.A. state of mind." Nice and cute.
When Coté really feels a song — which he does on all these tunes, really — he makes it extra-special. The lively "Satin Doll" is free from worry or melancholy, the opposite of another of his favorites, "What Are You Doing The Rest Of Your Life." But he gives both of these his care in equal measure, just different. He really loves the way the free-spirited lyrics of "Satin Doll" just flies, floats, and flits off the tongue. And it shows. The off-beat, funked-up rhythm in the intro encourages the flights of fancy on one of his and his wife's favorite songs.
Sheppard's flute floats in on a most unusual arrangement of one of the most rearranged standards, "My Funny Valentine." Coté jumps right in there abruptly, almost losing the beat, or on top of it. His honest voice in deep, rich, unwavering tones — breaking character at times to simply speak to his lady love — saves this love song from another overdone hybrid. Maybe he never lost the heart of the beat; maybe he's changing it up. The flute and that crazy cello-bass solo take over for the standard piano, in zig-zag charges that shake up the norm, the perfectly imperfect barometer of a theme about a funny Valentine whose figure is less than Greek. Good job, Hendelman and Coté. Listeners will definitely hear the "terrible romantic" in this "signature piece" for the featured artist.
"On A Clear Day" contains some of the most graphic jazz interplays amongst the finest jazz musicians. Coté holds his own on vocals, knowing when to step back and let the music flow, telling the rest of the story he starts confidently. His voice is clear, hopeful, and unfaltering in its obvious love for the jazz standards he's embraced so deeply on this record.
Suggested Links
- Bill Cote` - Where Do You Start
- Manhattan Transfer's Cheryl Bentyne, Mark Winkler turn show into WEST COAST COOL
- Judy Wexler probes hidden jazz treasures like a theater major in 'What I See'
- COME OVER: Gina Kronstadt plays a strange but true soundtrack in her head
- Judy Wexler lets 'Under A Painted Sky' breathe


text:
Hi SAP Experts,
Here I am with one issue.
Any expert suggestion will be highly appreciated.
I am running June Payroll, Retro occured becz of some back date master data maintainence.
Now I can see that in Payslip, total earning is wrong .
I could figure out the the total payment is calculating Retro Pension wage type( showing in RT table) also although this custom wage type is not reflected in payslip.
I am trying to find out from where this Retro pension came in RT table of June payroll.
I checked master data as well, its no where mainatained.
Kindly help me out with expert advice/guideline.
Thanks in advance.
Waiting for positive feedback.
Hello Priya
Retro pension wagetye will be calculated in the following scenarios:-
a)Change in employee pay
b)Change done to IT0071
c)Late starter
d)Late leaver with any late payment done to the employee
e)other reasons which can trigger retro pension calulation
Please check the PENS table and IT in the payroll log GPENS,where the calculation of the pension takes place.
Please check the wage types as associated with the relevent pension scheme in table T5G31/T5G37,which is having this retro value .
Thanks and Kind Regards
Hey Ramana,
Thanks alot for the expert advice.
I would like to share you one thing
* EE pay has been increased from June and hence in Juen itself Retro Pension wage type is being calculated.
* Back payment is given to EE in June only but date of origin in June itself. It is kind of salary adjustment I did as client wants that compensation of prevoius salary should be done in June itself.
* As pay has increased Pension rate has also affected now..
But I am not getting from where this custom pension wage type is triggering.... This is retro pension and I checked alll tables u mentioned but I am not getting any clue as I can see the custom wage type only in RT table, nowhere else..
Ans this pension amount is being added in net payments
Please help me out .
Thanks & regards
Hello Priya
Please expand the Function GPENS in the payroll log and check the PENS table and the IT table in output.
This custom wagetype should exist in the IT table which is being transferred to RT of the employee payroll at a later processing.
Also please check what is the type of pension scheme maintained for this employee ,i.e. fixed/percentage/or mixed.
Based on the scheme ,you need to check the relevent table T5G37 where the wagetypes are customised for the pension schemes as applicable.
Thanks and Kind Regards
Sorry to say that I have checked IT and PENS table and I could not see the same wage type (9100) anywhere in loge except RT table.
In pesion scheme, We have taken percenatge and also I would like to say in table T5G37, we maintain schemes, so where can I check Custom wage type,..
Your expert advice is highly appreciated but somehow I am unable to figure out..
Kindly help.
Hello Priya
Its quiet strange that a pension wagetype not getting processed in GPENS is shown in RT as pension retro,which most likely is not possible.
If this really relates to pension wagetypes ,then this should have been customised in T5G37
Please expand the Function GPENS in the payroll log and check the PENS table and the IT table in input as well as output , as well as processing part of GPENS.
Also can you please explain why you think this amount relates to pension only,can you please check the calculation logic for this wagetype ,i.e. pension % as maintained in IT0071 x pension basis ,i.e. /111 or /114/ as applicable.
Thanks and Kind Regards
Hi jayanti,
I wish I could paste screenshot here My system doesnt support...
IN GPENS, there I can view only pension scheme i.e Z01 , its subtype in IT 0071.
Same is configured in T5G37, Z01 is there with start and end date.
Why I am saying that amount relates to pension only because I can see in RT table one custom wage type is 9100 - Retro pension and and value is 50.95
And in If I calculate total earnings, there is difference on 50.95 only in correct calculationa and what is getting displayed in payslip.
Also I found custom wage type 9100 very wierd as it is nowhere maintained in IT 0015 or any other wage types..
I dun know freom where this WT is getting triggered in RT..
Hope I am able to explain you my issue..
waiting for some more guideline.
Thanks & Regards
Hi Ramana
Also want to add, I have checked cumulation class of 9100 wage type and I could see,
cumulation class 1, 5, 11, 21, 31, 41 is checked.
Is it the reason ?
Please help me out ...
Hello Priya
Can you check if the /559 net pay for the employee is coming correctly in RT,i.e. the value you are exepecting?
If this value is correct for the month of june 12 ,the payslip incorrect earnings as shown can be due to the customising of your payslip, which can be corrected!
Please check for the correctness of the emplouee net pay as calculated in payroll log and confirm?
Thanks and Kind Regards
Hi Jayanti,
/559 is not correct as per my requirement.
I could see that in PE51, cumulation ID, in total payments 9100 is maintained in RT..
But I am not getting why this is being calculated in JUNE only.. is it because, Pay scale has been raised from June, but according Pension rate has also increased, then why this Retro pension wage type is required...
I need to have some concept on this .... please.
Let me know If i need to delete this 9100 entry from cumulation as i can understand this is reason net payment is wrng and its including 9100 WT amount.
Kindly guide.
Hello Priya
Thanks for the update.
Firstly please check that your pension calculations ,i.e.employee pension and employer pension contributions are being done correctly with respect to pay increase as is being carried for this employee in june 2012.The standard pension contribution wagetypes are being generated correctly in the payroll and also the payslip contains the correct Employee contribution deduction shown.
If this is correctly done ,you may find out the history of having this customer wagetype 9100 created for pension retro, and also check if this wagetype is getting processed in the rule GG41..
Based on the above you can then take the desison likewise.
Thanks and Kind Regards
Thanks For the help jayanti,
But I am not sure about teh calculation of pension
All I could say everythg is coming correct in payslip as per the client requiremnet, bit only issue is with extra 50 is getting added in net payments and that value is of 9100 WT which is being calculated in RT but not getting displayed in Payslip.
I tried testing by deleting 9100 from Cumulation id, and payslip output is complete wiered.
I am not getting what I need to do
Please help me with soem more guideline..
Hi Ramana,
could you please guide me from where I can see that custom wage type getting picked up in RT table .
This wage type must have been maintained somewhere.
As of now i can see this wage type in cumulation id of payslip...
I want to know in what situation, this calculation has done and why it was needed....
Is there anything I need to ask from client.
Your support will be highly appreciated.
Hi Priya
As per your statement
Back payment is given to EE in June only but date of origin in June itself. It is kind of salary adjustment
Pl. check the cumulation Class -11,14 & 15 for that particular adjustment WTs its pensionable or not
Check the Retroactive calculation log - DT
Check following changes are done in retro related PCR - GG41
Check IT0003
Nadir Sheikh


text:
Walmart opponents file lawsuit against New Berlin
Attorney says group wants new hearing before Plan Commission
New Berlin — The group Neighbors First New Berlin, which opposes a plan to build a Walmart supercenter on Greenfield Avenue in New Berlin, has filed a lawsuit against the city alleging that legal notice of an initial hearing was not given the required 30 days in advance.
The hearing was held Jan. 7 before the Plan Commission. Subsequently, on May 6, the commission recommended on a 3-2 vote that the city change its Comprehensive Plan and zoning to clear the way for the Walmart. On May 14, the Common Council made those changes.
If Neighbors First prevails, it will get to argue its case again in front of the Plan Commission, which has two new members that joined after the January hearing, said the group's attorney, Dennis Grzezinski.
Despite the fact that both new members — Scott Biller and Alderwoman Laura Karvala — voted for the plan and zoning changes, the group hopes to change their minds through a full hearing experience, Grzezinski said. The group also will have more time to make its presentation more effective, he added.
The group's lawsuit filed in Waukesha County Circuit Court also names Wal-Mart Real Estate Business Trust.
The city was still awaiting formal notification of the lawsuit.
"We haven't been served with anything, yet," New Berlin Mayor Dave Ament said Monday.
But even if it had, Ament said he could not comment on a pending legal matter.
The Walmart, which would be built on Greenfield Avenue about a block east of Moorland Road, would sell groceries in addition to general merchandise.
The 16 acres had been zoned mostly single-family and was designated as single-family and multi-family residential in the city's 2020 Comprehensive Plan approved in December 2009. The Comp Plan was changed to shopping center, and zoning to commercial.
Based in part of the commission's recommendation, the full council voted 4-2 in favor. Voting in favor were Karvala and aldermen Dennis Horbinski, Ken Harenda and Joseph Stribl. Voting against were aldermen John Hopkins in whose district the Walmart would be located and Ron Seidl.
— Jane Ford-Stewart
More from News and Features
- New Berlin Police blotter: June 30, 2016
- 11-year-old turns on New Berlin emergency sirens as test
- Most musical Fourth of July ever, coming to New Berlin
- New Berlin to celebrate America and community this Fourth of July
- Community calendar: June 23, 2016
- Event to benefit New Berlin Police canine officer
- Things to Do in New Berlin and Muskego
- New Berlin Holy Apostles Festival to swing into three days of fun
- Muskego Campus News: UW-Whitewater, South Dakota State, Carthage College
- New Berlin Police blotter: June 23, 2016


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Just a quick note. I noticed that the Ken Burns DVDs were on sale at Amazon. Have no idea how long that will last but there's definite savings to be had on THE WAR and THE CIVIL WAR.
http://amzn.to/c4PBrf -- The War (now $50)
http://amzn.to/cfnY1t -- The Civil War (now $38)


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Summer Camp at Camp Lakewood
Applications are now available for Camp Lakewood Summer Camp 2014.There IS a military discount but you have to apply through us to receive it.
Check out the details at the link below and sign up today!
Be Involved with Fort Leonard Wood, MO ASYMCA
The Armed Services Y provides free or low-cost youth development, healthy living, and social responsibility programs for junior enlisted military & their families to make military life easier.
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