text:
More New and Used
from Private Sellers
Note: Supplemental materials are not guaranteed with Rental or Used book purchases.
The Bhagavad Gita
ISBN13:by Johnson, W. J.
Oxford University Press
Questions About This Book?
Why should I rent this book?
Renting is easy, fast, and cheap! Renting from eCampus.com can save you hundreds of dollars compared to the cost of new or used books each semester. At the end of the semester, simply ship the book back to us with a free UPS shipping label! No need to worry about selling it back.
How do rental returns work?
Returning books is as easy as possible. As your rental due date approaches, we will email you several courtesy reminders. When you are ready to return, you can print a free UPS shipping label from our website at any time. Then, just return the book to your UPS driver or any staffed UPS location. You can even use the same box we shipped it in!
What version or edition is this?
This is the Revised edition with a publication date of 9/21/2009.
What is included with this book?
- The New copy of this book will include any supplemental materials advertised. Please check the title of the book to determine if it should include any CDs, lab manuals, study guides, etc.
- The Used copy of this book is not guaranteed to include any supplemental materials. Typically, only the book itself is included.
- The Rental copy of this book is not guaranteed to include any supplemental materials. You may receive a brand new copy, but typically, only the book itself.
Related Products
The Bhagavad Gita is the most widely read Hindu religious text in the Western world and a key work for understanding Indian religions and the way Hinduism has been represented in modern India and the West. The poem considers social and religious duty, the nature of sacrifice, and the relationship of human beings to God, and continues to inspire a wide variety of interpretations, both within India and beyond. This new translation captures all the force and beauty of the original language of this awe-inspiring poem. Ideal for readers encountering the Bhagavad Gita for the first time, this edition provides a full cultural and historical context in its introduction and notes.


text:
Brighton Pier Night Ride
13 July to 14 July 2013
Finally, summer is here and the heat has arrived! What better way to celebrate than getting active? If you're looking for a spontaneous journey through starlit countryside, the London to Brighton night ride is for you!
On the 13th July, join in on a bicycle journey from London to Brighton that attracts an upwards of 5,000 cyclists. Departing from London, people of all ages will gather to ride the 60 miles together. If you're feeling rusty on the pedals, don't worry! The team sponsoring this event gives many supporting hands to make sure everyone crosses the finish line. This adventurous and fun event will have 3 rest stops along the way and you can register as an individual or ride as a team with friends and family.
The starting point is at Clapham Common, ending in Brighton, and entrants can take away brilliant medals and souvenir t-shirts! Need a ride home? Not to worry. The British heart Foundation has you covered with its Bike and Truck transfer service to take you and your bicycle home.
Entry fee for this is £35. All proceeds go to the Mending Broken Hearts Appeal.
For more information, and to enter, go to: http://www.bhf.org.uk/get-involved/events/view-event.aspx?ps=1001667 or head to: http://www.bhf.org.uk/get-involved/events/bike-rides/london-to-brighton/london-to-brighton-night-ride.aspx
Getting to the Brighton Pier Night Ride: Please contact the organisers directly for more information about location of start and end points and so on.

subset: commoncrawl


text:
A few from Detroit w/D600
Started Nov 4, 2012 | Discussions thread
Shop cameras & lenses ▾
ShelNf OP • Regular Member • Posts: 427
Re: Congrats
Thanks all for the suggestions/comments. I have to say the pics look much better on my monitor at home than on DPR.
Dinahsh3, I wouldn't call the difference huge between the D5100 and the D600, as far as image quality, but it's defintely there,especially at higher ISO's. My primary reason for upgrading was I wanted more manual controls than the D5100 provided. I was considering the D7000 but wanted a little more "bang" for the upgrade, since it shared the same sensor. So when the D600 came out with similar controls to the D7000 along with a great sensor, I thought it was the perfect fit for me. No regrets and I think I'll enjoy this camera for years to come.
-- hide signature --
Reply Reply with quote Complain
|Post ( )
|Posted by
|Nov 4, 2012
|Nov 4, 2012
|Nov 5, 2012
|Nov 5, 2012
|Nov 5, 2012
|Nov 5, 2012
|Nov 5, 2012
Keyboard shortcuts:
FForum PPrevious NNext WNext unread UUpvote SSubscribe RReply QQuote BBookmark MMy threads
Color scheme? Blue / Yellow


text:
Skydiving.com now has a network skydiving location serving Albertson and Duplin County in North Carolina. Call Skydiving.com at 1-800-617-7948 for details, free information and specials on skydiving in Albertson, NC today!
Popular Tags for Skydiving Albertson:
Skydiving Albertson, Skydiving in Albertson, Sky Diving Albertson, Skydive Albertson NC, Skydiving 28508, Albertson Skydiving, Skydiving Albertson North Carolina, Skydiving near Albertson, Skydiving in Albertson North Carolina, Albertson Sky Diving, Skydive 28508, Skydiving Albertson NC, Skydive Albertson, Skydiving Duplin County, Skydive in 28508, Skydiving NC, Sky Diving Albertson NC, Albertson, North Carolina
Sign up for our newsletter and receive updatesand specials on skydiving across America!


text:
Slicing a Kiwi...Badly
Now, I'm no chef, but, it looked like a lot of the kiwi was left in the fruit. How is this any easier than just peeling the darn thing? Then again, you could always put the excess at the bottom of your fishbowl—it's an inside joke, see Kiwi Piranha.


text:
Wine produced with Barbera grapes. The colour is very intense, ruby
red. On the nose it offers aromas of ripe forest fruits and undertones
of vanilla while on the palate this wine is close-texture, mouth-filling
with aromas of ripe raspberries and blackberries.
There is a nice balance of acidity alcohol and tannins followed by a long-appealing finish. It is ideal for a long period of ageing; matured in cask for 6 months and refined in bottle for 6 months.
Serving temperature is 18°C and it can be served through the entire meal.


text:
- Drivers
- Products
- Processors
- Technologies
- Quadro VCA
- Platforms
- Communities
- Support
- Shop
- About NVIDIA
The latest high-definition (HD) video technologies coming to the PC are powered by NVIDIA® GeForce® GPUs which include NVIDIA PureVideo™ HD technology. Only NVIDIA offers a complete combination of powerful hardware acceleration, content security, and compatibility with movie player applications to enable an excellent HD experience for end users.
First notebooks featuring HD DVD-ROM drives
Acer Aspire 9800
Toshiba Qosmio™
HD DVD is a new high-definition video disc standard that delivers up to six times the image quality of standard DVD movies. HD DVD promises a major advancement over video discs in the same way that HDTVs deliver superior image detail over standard TV.
First PCs featuring Blu-ray disc support
The Sony VAIO RC desktop and AR notebook are the world's first PCs that will let consumers record and play Blu-ray discs on their computers. The VAIO RC desktop features the NVIDIA GeForce 7600 GT graphics processing unit (GPU), while the VAIO AR notebook uses an NVIDIA GeForce Go 7600 GT GPU.
Blu-ray is a new high-definition (HD) video disc standard that offers up to six times the visual detail of traditional DVDs. Blu-ray discs can hold up to 25GB on a single-layer disc and 50GB on a dual-layer disc. This extra capacity combined with the use of advanced video and audio codecs offers consumers an amazing HD experience.
GeForce 7 Series
The NVIDIA GeForce 7600 GT, GeForce Go 7600 and 7600 GT GPUs are part of the GeForce 7 Series of GPUs, and deliver advanced technologies including:
PureVideo HD
NVIDIA® PureVideo™ HD technology provides a combination of powerful hardware acceleration, content security, and movie player integration that delivers the ultimate Blu-ray and HD DVD movie experience on your PC. It lets you enjoy stunning high-definition movies with low CPU utilization and power consumption, providing higher quality movie playback and picture clarity.


text:
How Do I make my Child drink MILK with Glass
My daughter is 2 years and 4 months old. She drinks water with glass sometimes, but I tried to make her drink Milk with a glass but she refuses. She has a habit of having milk with her bottle only. what should I do?
Posted: 01/14/2013 by NehaMayor
Mom Answers
Sort by: best answers | most recent answers
1 - 1 of 1 answers
If you don't offer a bottle (which I wouldn't do at her age) she won't have anyother choice. Just take it away, put the milk in a cup, be ready for a day or two of protest and move on.posted 02/08/2013 by a BabyCenter Member
Answer this question


text:
Vishwaroop Movie
Genre : Thriller
Language : Hindi / Tamil / Telugu
Release Date : 'February, 1, 2013
Directed By : Kamal Haasan
Music By : Shankar Mahadevan, Ehsaan Noorani, Loy Mendonsa
Produce By : Chandra Haasan, Prasad V Potluri, Kamal Haasan
Vishwaroop News
From Madras Cafe to Aandhi: Top 20 films that have faced Ban
There's an old saying, Bollywood and controversies always go hand in hand. We have seen many Hindi films who have either faced banned or were
Kamal Haasan's Vishwaroopam crosses 100 crore
Superstar Kamal Haasan's magnum opus 'Vishwaroopam' has successfully crossed the coveted mark of Rs. 100 crore in the Indian box office, and it is still
Vishwaroopam To Hit the Screens in Tamil Nadu Post Controversy
Vishwaroopam is the dream project of the versatile and dynamic Kamal Haasan. However ever since its release it was shrouded in controversy which led to
Explore Moviezadda
Bollywood Directory
Movie Release Year
- Celebrity Directory
- Celebrity Interviews
- Celebrity Events
- Celebrity Gossips
- Top Celebrities
- Celebrity Photos
A-Z Index (Click a letter)
Powered by Hashtag


text:
I am having problems using the update method of scala.collection.immutable.HashMap.I don't see the reason it returns a Map instead of a HashMap. How do I get a new HashMap with a new key-value pair added?
That's the expected behavior.
Usually, you'd say
Do you have a reason for your code to know that it's a HashMap after you've
If you're using 2.7 this is because over time the collections library has become inconsistent with various implementation class not specializing the return types of some methods. This is one of the things that is fixed in the collections library redesign for 2.8.
If you're using 2.8, this is because the
In 2.7.x, it returns a
In 2.8.x, it should return a


text:
Tristin the Tumbling Turtle
Kim de Young
Do you know a child (or adult) that gives up too easily? A diverse cast of characters encourage their friend not to give up reaching his goal.
Comment posted.
Bakubooks says
Great job the kids will be like to have you as thier teacher. my son spencer is seven and loves this book
posted at 05:38AM Oct 04 PST
Log in
or create an account to post a comment.
Chicken and Lion
Published March 14, 2010
Moon Bunnies
Published February 16, 2010
Blurb Sites


text:
One More Moment
Dan Doucette (a.k.a. Unca' Dan)
This is my simple tribute to my nephew who passed away in April 2008. It is also a tribute to his family who, through their example, inspire me as a parent.
Any and all profits from sales of this book will be donated to Alex's family.
Comentario publicado.
Inicia sesión
o crea una cuenta para publicar un comentario.
Sitios de Blurb


text:
Oysters at Home
by Annika Karr • April 19, 2014 • 0 Comments
We love oysters! Usually we go out to eat them at our favorite oyster haunt: Walrus & Carpenter. This past Thanksgiving we decided we wanted them to be the focus of our meal. So we bought four dozen of them at Central Market in Shoreline, and got to work shucking. B has become an...Read more →


text:
With such a wide variety of games, encompassing so many different facets of pop culture, from Indiana Jones to Rock Band, the Lego games have become a platforming smash hit over the past decade.
The newest game in the series, based on the recently released hit movie, "Lego: The Movie" can stand firmly on its own. Take away the charismatic and quirky movie-based story and it's simply a solid platformer that does everything it's supposed to do, right.
Unlike many other movie tie-ins, you don't need to have seen the film to truly enjoy the game, but it doesn't hurt.
Certainly it does help that the voice actors from the film make an appearance in the game, as well as several clips from the movie. But ultimately it's the convergence of different gameplay styles that make the game a hit. While most of the game is old-school platforming, with well-timed strikes and jumps taking up the majority of your button pushes, the quick time events, rhythm elements and even beat-em-up gameplay make for a spicy, well-traversed title that will constantly keep your mind at work and play.
Your eyes will get a work out as well. The color palette used in "Lego: The Movie: The Game" is so bright and fluffy that it'll even put the kaleidoscopic "Katamari Damacy" in its place. Add in a bevy of unlockable characters and you'll have a game that'll keep everyone in the house happy.
That happiness transcends the genre as well. If you appreciate the Lego series, then you'll enjoy "Lego: The Movie: The Game" even more. But if you don't you'll find it a fun adventure title that, in spite of its plethora of fetch quest gameplay, is well-connected colorful, silly and fun.
For all of our latest exclusives, previews, reviews and features, follow us on Twitter and like us on Facebook. Game On.


text:
More DailyStrength
Health Event Calendar
See what's new on the site
See what's new on the site
Step-by-step Tutorials
How to use DailyStrength
How to use DailyStrength
We're on Facebook
Check out our page
Check out our page
Follow us on Twitter
Read our tweets
Read our tweets
Get Cool DS Stuff!!!!!
Shirts, Hats, Baby Wear
Shirts, Hats, Baby Wear
16 Vital Questions about Multiple Sclerosis
|Watch this
|View More Posts Ignore
I'm Bob, a health educator from Littleton, CO. Where I'm from is important as you'll soon see. This is an update of an earlier attempt to understand MS from a perspective that seems very logical to me . . . .
Nine-plus years ago my ex-wife was diagnosed with MS and now my girlfriend has found out she has the disease. As I've researched Multiple Sclerosis, I came up with several questions that seemed crucial to me. While noticing that most forums and MS sites officially list MS as "autoimmune," my questions don't seem to point in that direction. I welcome any comment or criticism or helpful information from any informed or experienced individuals . . . Thanks.
Sixteen Vital Questions about Multiple Sclerosis:
1. Why does the United States have the highest Multiple Sclerosis rate in the world?
2. Why is Colorado the highest incident U.S. state?
3. Why is Colorado Springs the highest incident large city in the highest incident state?
4. Why do women suffer from MS at a rate of 2-4 times greater than men do?
5. Why is MS less prevalent on the coasts?
6. Why is MS far more prevalent per capita in urban settings than in rural areas?
7. Central Nervous System Dilators pioneered as an MS treatment during the 1950's by Bayard Horton of the Mayo Clinic were apparently quite successful with few or no side effects in relieving acute attacks promptly and often prevented progression? Why? Why has this specific treatment dropped out of fashion?
8. The prevailing MS hypothesis today is that Multiple Sclerosis is an "autoimmune disease." That is in some respects many medical researchers and theorists see it has much in common with AIDS, Rheumatoid Arthritis, Lyme Disease etc. As you know there was a time four decades ago when there was only one auto-immune disease; AIDS. Now a look at http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Autoim... shows that some 160+ "accepted" and "suspected" autoimmune diseases are now listed including such surprising ailments as narcolepsy and restless leg syndrome. Is it possible that the term "auto-immune" really doesn't tell us much and we might do better just saying "originating and/or causal factors thus far UNknown?" In any case certainly any single disease on the list (such as MS, for example) might better fit the "originating/causal factors thus far Unknown" category than truly being an auto-immune disease IF auto-immune disease actually exists. Yes, yes we find all sorts of treatments, but no cures for all these ailments labeled "auto-immune," but perhaps we'd actually cure something if we started out admitting we actually don't know what causes it? In any case since MS is most prevalent per capita in the United States (Question #1 above) and since "diseases of civilization" such as constipation, obesity, and chronic ailments such as heart disease, stroke, diabetes and cancer are highly prevalent in America might there be something in the lifestyle of the typical American that contributes to these high rates and possibly also to the high American incidence of MS?
9. MRI examinations today frequently depict a lack of correlation between symptoms and lesions in MS (often called the "clinico-radiological paradox). What's going on? If auto-immune demyelination really is the fundamental essential lesion in multiple sclerosis, why is there often no correlation?
10. Trials of sex hormones show they often improve lesions as well as symptoms and L-arginine, zinc and magnesium supplements also seem to lesson symptoms. Why?
11. What role do deficiencies of endothelial and neuronal nitric oxide and elevated levels of inducible nitric oxide play in MS? Is this symptomatic or causal?
12. Is better detection the only reason MS incidence has risen so dramatically in the last 40 years, or is some (or many) environmental factor(s) exacerbating the situation?
13. What about the "brain leak" theory of MS? Free hemoglobin scavenges nitric oxide avidly, which may create deficiencies especially in the central nervous system, with its greater vasodilator tone. Could depletion of endothelial nitric oxide shift blood from the arterial circulation to the venous circulation in MS sufferers as in diabetics? Could multiple sclerosis result from too little blood in arteries and arterioles leading to vasospastic symptoms? Meanwhile could too much blood in veins and venules lead to blood-brain barrier leakage and lesions?
14. Is there any logical reason for continued loyalty by many to the idea that MS is an anti-immune condition or are we just following the "latest fad?"
15. Recent experiments with flavonoids in the diet of MS patients (and in aging patients without MS) have shown noticeable reduction in MS symptoms (and symptoms of aging) among patients including these nutritious items (blueberries, for example) in their diet. Why? What can we learn from this? How does it tie in with our other discoveries?
16. Is there one over-arching theory that might explain all these factors?
Let us put question #1 aside for now. It's entirely possible that America has the best MS diagnostic and detection in the world and that's why we show the highest per capita victimization. Or other factors may be influencing that statistic, for example the world's highest obesity incidence? An obvious main or, at least, exacerbating factor seems to jump out from questions #2 - #8: OXYGEN! The clearest correlation for Question #2 is that high altitude = lower oxygen levels. Colorado is the state with the highest average altitude among the 50 U.S. states. As far as Question #3, Colorado Springs, the 49th largest city in the country, is easily the highest large metropolitan area in the country roughly 750 ft. (14%) higher than "Mile-High" Denver.
Question #4, Women's bodies and their unique chemistry may make them far more vulnerable than men to MS for any number of reasons. For now, however, let's explore the OXYGEN HYPOTHESIS more deeply. Women tend to be smaller and society encourages female physical fitness far less than it does male activity so generally speaking females are less efficient VO max processors than men. Additionally, hemoglobin and iron are more problematical in females during their menses which makes females more likely prey for anemia, again potentially lessening oxygen-use efficiency.
Question #5, the coasts, are by definition, found at sea level hence, lower than 99.999% of the inland areas of the country with more oxygen available. Additionally, coastal diet is far more likely to include fish with its attendant fish oil (deficiencies implicated in Alzheimer's, high blood pressure and heart attacks) which can aid in oxygen processing.
Question #6, people in rural areas are less likely to face high levels of air pollution (smog) than city dwellers. In particular: diesel fumes, ground level ozone contamination and INHALED nitric oxide contamination are brutal every day facts of life in our largest cities. (By the way: INHALED nitric oxide is confusing in many respects to the layman. A. it is NOT nitrous oxide (laughing gas) once used for anesthetic purposes especially in dentistry. B. Our bodies naturally create nitric oxide and it is one of the most important gases found in our blood stream (as reflected in the Nobel Prize for Medicine awarded to Dr. Louis Ignarro) which we will discuss later as it relates to MS. C. Many people realize that nitric oxide is also an important negative component of tobacco smoke. In any case, the obvious effect of air pollution is less oxygen allowed to reach the lungs, heart, brain and every cell of the human body than one would expect from clear, pure country air.
Question #7, Peter Good's thought-provoking website has been instrumental in my dealing with these questions. According to him between 1946 and 1959, more than 3000 patients with multiple sclerosis and other demyelinating diseases were treated with the CNS vasodilator histamine diphosphate at the Multiple Sclerosis Clinic of St. Joseph Hospital in Tacoma, Washington. Most of them improved, some quite dramatically. Today's "fashion" calls for different meds with greater potential for dangerous side effects. CNS vasodilation has largely been dropped despite the fact that it worked. CNS vasodilation with histamine not only consistently relieved a disease now thought to be auto-immune and incurable, it thereby demonstrated that its fundamental lesion may be something entirely different from demyelination.
Peter Good goes on to say that on "March 28, 1996, host Robert Stack of television's Unsolved Mysteries related the story of Mary Clamser of Oklahoma City, a multiple sclerosis patient for 23 years. Mrs. Clamser had relapsing-remitting MS, the most common form among women; her left leg and her bladder were most affected. Each attack lasted no longer than six months, until an attack in 1992 left her unable to walk without assistance.
"On August 17, 1994, a sudden thunderstorm passed over Mrs. Clamser's house. She was in her wheelchair, preparing a bath. As she reached out to turn on the water, a bolt of lightning struck the house. Doctors estimate that at least ten thousand volts of electricity passed through her body. At first she felt "on fire" she said, full of "pins and needles." Then she suddenly realized she could feel her legs again. Since that day, improvement of her multiple sclerosis was rapid. Two years later, she was living a completely normal life. "All symptoms of her multiple sclerosis," said Robert Stack, "are gone."
This is not, of course, the first or only anecdotal report of an affliction reversed by lightning. But the symptoms of multiple sclerosis are believed to be caused by disintegration of the insulating myelin sheaths surrounding nerve fibers in the brain and spinal cord. How a bolt of lightning could restore these insulating layers rapidly--if at all--can hardly be imagined. The obvious implication is that demyelination is not the only cause of multiple sclerosis symptoms.
Something else must be happening in the brain and spinal cord of these persons--something far more reversible than demyelination." Indeed, my read on Peter Good is that one is left with the very strong impression from Mrs. Clamser's experience that demyelination is only a symptom and not the cause of MS at all (kind of like finding that cleft palate when operated upon early left a victim who was not a "retarded basket case who would never learn to speak"; and finding that "Mongoloid idiocy" was NOT a NECESSARY part of Mongoloidism but just a nasty side effect related to the victim's inability to process oxygen which, because the brain is the biggest user of oxygen was tragic -- today occasionally a Mongoloid child will be the valedictorian of his/her high school). And as far as CNS vasodilation? Well if it worked, why quit it for other methods with greater attendant side effects? In any case, lightning doesn't rule out oxygen and dilating blood vessels surely must have as an agreeable side effect: greater oxygen carrying capacity for each cell of the brain, no?
Furthermore, if some "transient reversible factor is a major contributor to MS and is electrical, one clue may be the "night-walker phenomenon" many patients report. Late at night, these patients can get out of their wheelchairs and walk without canes or crutches. One woman nearly blind said she had normal sight every night around midnight. Patients who kept track of these episodes report they feel particularly free when radio static is absent. One Montana man who often drove from city to city late at night said that when he could tune in distant radio stations without static, he could walk for miles down the road. When there was long-distance static, he could "hardly hobble about." Undoubtedly this is some transient factor at work, but not the kind of transient factor neurologists usually associate with this disease." In other words, MS has not been figured out, so why rule out anything?
Having said that let's jump ahead to Question #14, Is there any logical reason for continued loyalty by many to the idea that MS is an anti-immune condition? In my humble opinion, AIDS and MS are two diseases that will NEVER be understood until the words "auto-immune" are dropped completely from the physicians' vocabulary. For the past 50 years medical people have ASSUMED the most complex possible scenario: autoimmunity as the underlying truth about MS without once showing that a simpler cause (suggested by the successes of CNS vasodilators) could be ruled out. As a result we regard MS today as incurable because its primary lesion is thought to be relatively irreversible disintegration of myelin sheaths in the brain and spinal cord.
Neurologists who successfully treated MS with vasodilators thought the lesion was REVERSIBLE because the underlying cause – a diminished blood supply in the brain and cord (leading us to hypothesize an oxygen lack there) was treatable. Because of the autoimmune assumption, workable theories and workable treatments (and cures?) have been relegated to the trash heap.
Question #9, since MRI results seem NOT to show continued and progressive demyelination as the fundamental and unvarying effect of MS and they don't rule out oxygen as a key factor, we can continue to keep an open mind toward blood and oxygen as the fundamental truth of the disease. Lest anyone decide that I'm seeking oversimplification of a complex problem . . . Siblerud and Kienholz (1994) compared red blood cell concentrations and hemoglobin levels of MS patients who had their mercury amalgam dental fillings removed against blood values of MS patients who retained their amalgam fillings:
MS subjects with amalgams were found to have significantly lower levels of red blood cells, hemoglobin and hematocrit compared to MS subjects with amalgam removal.... The MS amalgam group had significantly higher blood urea nitrogen and lower serum IgG.... A health questionnaire found that MS subjects with amalgams had significantly more (33.7%) exacerbations during the past 12 months compared to the MS volunteers with amalgam removal. Obviously, while we're still talking about the blood's ability to deliver oxygen . . . every indication is that a wide variety of toxins and negative effects might stimulate that same over-arching undesirable effect. Indeed, several investigators have preferred psycho-somatic causes as the underlying truth about MS referring to an "MS Personality" created in response to living in a family with a tyrannical father, obliging mother, and atmosphere of strongly emphasized sex taboos and exceedingly great guilt and fear. Perhaps there's a modicum of truth to this, perhaps not. Certainly, physiological causes seem far more likely, but exacerbating psychological contributors should NOT be ruled out. The specific trigger may vary from case to case, but the indications are that oxygen and blood hold the key to understanding MS and a wide-variety of individual susceptibilities may exacerbate the disease's manifestations, etc.
Let's talk about autoimmunity more directly. Just as in AIDS, the possibility that the immune system is responding to an agent like a virus is countered by the reality that no such agent has ever been identified nor transmitted to any animal or human. Retrovirus, where art thou????? In truth, endogenous retroviruses have not yet been proven to play any causal role in this disease (MS); and likely never will.
According to PO Behan and A Chaudhuri of Glasgow University, together with BO Roep of Leiden University (2002). The pathogenesis of multiple sclerosis revisited threw down the gauntlet to MS researchers everywhere by contending there is little support for contemporary views that multiple sclerosis is an immunological disease. And not surprisingly, there is little LASTING benefit from treatments based on this misconception and some dangers:
In this review, they suggested that MS is not an autoimmune disease due to its intrinsic clinical, immunological, radiological and histological differences with ADEM [acute disseminated encephalomyelitis] and its experimental model, EAE [experimental allergic encephalomyelitis]. In their opinion, MS has the characteristics of a metabolically determined neurodegenerative disorder with strong genetic influence....
In recent years, most researchers have uncritically accepted the hypothesis that it is an autoimmune disorder, despite this Multiple sclerosis remains a disease of unknown aetiology. An in-depth review of the literature failed to support this concept, and the immunological claims for this disease are tenuous and fragile.... The proposition that MS is a prototype autoimmune disease is weak and open to question: MS is not a model of EAE or, indeed, of any known autoimmune disease. Its histology compares more favorably with other forms of demyelination known to be metabolic in aetiology .... Many scholars of MS in the past have argued strongly that the disease is toxic/metabolic in origin.... Clinical trials are, however, in abundance: a rise from 50 such papers in 1965 to more than 300 by the year 2000. This has been described by some as reflecting 'the sense of excitement in the field of MS therapeutics', but is regarded by us as a sad reflection of the gullibility of researchers in accepting an unproven hypothesis.... The enormous number of trials based on putative immunosuppression and immunoregulatory mechanisms has singularly failed to show a cure or to convey major benefits to MS patients in addition subjecting them to an increased morbidity and mortality.... I have read much of the literature on immune-modifying therapy in MS and it is clear that none of these agents can qualify as a candidate therapy under scrutiny. (Behan et al. 2002)
Question #10, again brings up questions of gender. Women get MS more often and earlier and its path is less likely to be predictable and progressive compared to male victims. Some success has been had treating with either or both male and female hormones. L-arginine creates nitric oxide in the blood which dilates blood vessels. Zinc and magnesium are under-appreciated nutrients which play vital roles in human health. Again, The specific trigger for MS may vary from case to case, but the indications are that oxygen and blood hold the key to understanding MS and certainly there is no outright refutation for that idea to be found in this question.
Question #11 and 13 are best answered and best understood together through the insights of Peter Good: " Two signs that endothelial nitric oxide may be chronically depleted in multiple sclerosis are that patients tend to be very heat-sensitive, and their platelets are sticky. Sensitivity to stress may reveal depletion of the parasympathetic transmitter neuronal nitric oxide. Other reasons to suspect endothelial nitric oxide depletion in multiple sclerosis are apparent deficiencies of sex hormones, magnesium, and zinc. Estrogen, testosterone via estrogen, and magnesium all utilize endothelial nitric oxide, the primary endogenous vasodilator, to relax vascular smooth muscle. Endothelial and neuronal nitric oxide synthases are zinc enzymes. Another reason to suspect nitric oxide depletion is the likelihood that abnormal red blood cells--large, osmotically fragile, spiny, less deformable, and agglutinated--are hemolyzing in blood vessels. Free hemoglobin scavenges nitric oxide avidly, which may create deficiencies especially in the central nervous system, with its greater vasodilator tone. If depletion of endothelial nitric oxide shifts blood from the arterial circulation to the venous circulation, as it does in diabetics, the most parsimonious explanation of multiple sclerosis might be that too little blood in arteries and arterioles leads to vasospastic symptoms, while too much blood in veins and venules leads to blood-brain barrier leakage and lesions."
Question #12, is easily dealt with, in principle the last 40 years have seen a precipitous rise in all manner of environmental toxins. Polluted foods (steroids in meats, for example), medical side effects, residential toxins (such as arising from carpet liners, asbestos, etc., etc., ad nauseum), among others all could easily be regarded as potential triggers setting in motion the conditions leading to diminished blood and oxygen to the brain. So while better detection is quite possibly a contributing factor in the high rate of MS in America, modern life hazards (toxins) might also contribute via the oxygen-lack hypothesis we've been pursuing. Is this far-fetched? Numerous studies have shown the absolute vital need for oxygen at the cell level. For example many have shown that normal cells deprived of oxygen are far more likely to become cancerous than normal cells in an oxygen-rich environment. Despite all my criticism of auto-immune theories of MS generation, see:
Question #12 and question #15 may be ultimately the same question . . . .
Question #15 Recent experiments with flavonoids in the diet of MS patients (and in aging patients without MS) have shown noticeable reduction in MS symptoms (and symptoms of aging) among patients including these nutritious items (blueberries, for example) in their diet. Why? What can we learn from this? How does it tie in with our other discoveries? Flavonoids reduce inflammation and more importantly reduce brain inflammation. The original purpose of the study linked immediately above was stated thusly: "One of the questions we were interested in is whether something like luteolin, or other bioactive food components, can be used to mitigate age-associated inflammation and therefore improve cognitive function and avoid some of the cognitive deficits that occur in aging," The study answer seems to be an unmitigated "YES!" as the researchers at the University of Illinois reported that a plant compound found in abundance in celery and green peppers can disrupt a key component of the inflammatory response in the brain. They went on to theorize their findings have serious implications for research on aging and diseases such as Alzheimer's and multiple sclerosis. Could it be that simple? Good diet and other factors might dramatically reduce brain inflammation and leaks across the blood-brain-barrier thus guaranteeing the brain more usable blood and oxygen and inhibiting problems with free-radicals in the capillaries . . . . who knows?
Questions #1 and #8 might be capable of being tied together: One candidate for lifestyle contributors to MS in the United States might be our overwhelmingly sedentary lifestyle which gives us cardiovascular systems capable only of reduced VO2Max compared to more athletic types practicing intensive aerobic activity on a frequent and regular basis.
Question #16 (Is there one over-arching theory that might explain all these factors?) In answering the previous 15 questions we have laid the groundwork for believing "Perhaps, there is one overarching theory that holds great potential as the candidate that (finally) holds the key to understanding MS: a theory of insufficient blood and oxygen to the brain.
I'd appreciate any informed comments, suggested modifications, etc.
Posted on 11/20/12, 08:49 am
|8 Replies
|Add Your Reply
|View More Posts Ignore
Wow, and I thought I had done a through job in writing a paper while in College about MS. You put everything I have ever read or written to shame.
Your post was was informative and very thought provoking. I hope that the doctors that participate on this forum read your post and chime in with their thoughts and opinions.
Thank you for this information. By the way I also grew up in
Littleton, CO. I now live in Golden.
|View More Posts Ignore
Wow, if you undrstood MS, you would know that most of us dont have concentration to read all that much info. At least me. That post is too long fr me.
But 1st, women get all auto immune diseases more often than men. It would take a scientist to explain that.
Second, in developed countries we are not getting enough vit D bcause we are inside working on computers. Youngest siblings (and only childs) are more likely to get MS b/c we arent exposed to bugs and they found a reason for that. I'm the youngest of 4. We have more toxins in the environment now which is why MS and auto immune diseases are epidemic along w/ cancers in young people like never before. I believe its environmental. I know 4 local women w/ MS and cancer. Go to MS Society website to read all their research.
Sorry about your girlfriend and exwife.
I never lived in CO. I got 1st symptoms of MS in IL on military base. There are a lot of military brats w/ MS and a LOT OF TOXINS ON MILITARY BASES.
|View More Posts Ignore
Very interesting info, I do not always process alot of info at once like I used to so - I just go back and read things esp long post with lost of info TWICE or 3 x. I am sorry for the people you have been close to who both have MS, but am glad you hve been in their corner!!! Ellen
|View More Posts Ignore
amazing post, loved it, you brought up so much i have thought about and wondered and some i haven't but now i will reserch the things i dn't put together before. interesting the info on colorado as i lived there 2 or 3 years in the 70's
|View More Posts Ignore
Im sure its a good post but I along with many others cant read long posts like this with so much info at once in such a format. Also some of the words were too hard or old fashioned/technical for me to understand.
The questions were good but to me the discussion was too confusing.
I am in Australia & we also have a very high incidence/level of ms & other auto immune diseases too. We have a lot of research too but slower on release of new medications too.
There are more women with ms but there are also a lot of males with it & lack of vitamin d is certainly being brought up a lot as a contributing factor.
Thanks for your post, would love to know where your information came from too.
|View More Posts Ignore
Yes, while thought provoking, a little too hefty to be able to read all the way through. I will say a couple of things. One, I am from VERY RURAL Vermont, which from my understanding is unfortunately the #1 state for MS (according to something I saw posted here recently, Washington State being the next) to address questions 2 & 6.
|View More Posts Ignore
1¬ when your wife got dx you ran and now ms caught up with you again?
2- my friend got a horrible bacterial infection in a hyperbaric chamber, so I rather live with ms.
3- If you knew something about ms, you would've never posted that and the reasons are too obvious to a person with ms.
4- If you are fishing, you hit the wrong pond.
|View More Posts Ignore
As everyone else said it's very long post. very thought provoking.
Basicially to techicial.
Some of what your saying? is they had a treatment in the 40's that worked? And they quit using it? Par for the course,pharm. companies,shut it down.So Dr.s would push medicines they had for kick backs? possible wouldn't be the first time.
Oxygen levels? True Co is the Almost highest evalvations,and the oxygen is thinner.But? wouldn't persons with Resp. problems all over the Usa and other countries? also have low Oxygen levels In there blood?Female verse Male? Hormones play a factor in alot of things. Here is a question that your Dr.s and post didn't come up with,and everyone that has MS and that are here maybe able to chime in here.What about the blood types? such as Rh factor??? How many of you with MS have a RH neg> blood type?
Ok my mind and eyes can't focus on the questions or answers or topic anymore for now. Jan.
|Add Your Reply


text:
Wednesday, June 20, 2012
Just Some Gorgeous Paper!!!
67 comments:
I love all these stacks! They look so fun!ReplyDelete
Love them all! TFS and great projects as always!ReplyDelete
Gorgeous is right. I can't wait to see them in person. ;)ReplyDelete
Oooh I like! Love the colors!ReplyDelete
Beautiful layouts! Some very talented ladies!ReplyDelete
Wonderful stacks- LOVE the Stardust look and the Edible LO is gorgeous!ReplyDelete
I can't wait to get my hands on these Papers. Great LOReplyDelete
Great layouts...especially the "after dark" and "roller Skate" ones, putting good use to those papers and mixing and matching!ReplyDelete
Love these layouts and new stacks! That Homespun paper looks gorgeous. Have a blast in Cleveland!ReplyDelete
WOW!! I love the colours of these papers! They are beautifull!ReplyDelete
Fantastic Papers and amazing layoutsReplyDelete
These stacks are definitely on my radar. Love the epcot layout!ReplyDelete
Next week can't come soon enough.. I love these papers and the layouts today really showed off the new stacks. Gotta find more hours in the day to scrap and use these papers.ReplyDelete
I like them all, but the A Type of Art is my favorite!ReplyDelete
Fantastic Layouts with fabulous papers again. Wishing I was not broke, can not wait til payday!ReplyDelete
Beautiful LO's! I can't wait to see more with these great new stacks!ReplyDelete
Great layouts! They showcase the new paper stacks so nicely.ReplyDelete
- Lisa ScJune 20, 2012 at 12:16 PM
I just love the new stacks and the awesome video! Can't wait to see them in stores. Thanks for the inspiration!ReplyDelete
Thanks for sharing the layouts. I am really in love with the Stardust Stack. I can't wait to get my hands on it. I am looking forward to seeing the other stacks in person as well.ReplyDelete
I love the papers and the layouts!ReplyDelete
Love the layouts...really makes me want those papers.ReplyDelete
Wow, great projects! I cant wait to see the stacks in person!ReplyDelete
Wow ...so cool ...love all the different stacks ...love me some DCWV!!!!ReplyDelete
Nice!! I wasn't sure about the Stardust stack when you showed it in the video, but WOW this really shows it off! Love these pages - thanks so much for these samples.ReplyDelete
Cant wait to buy them !!!ReplyDelete
Great layouts using these new stacks!ReplyDelete
wonderful layouts. love the details and pretty papers.ReplyDelete
I love the Epcot page this is just awesome!!!!!!!!!!!!ReplyDelete
Fabulous layouts!!!!TFSReplyDelete
Really lovely layouts! I have found that I like a stack more after I see projects made with it than from the intro videos. I wasn't crazy about some of these new stacks until now! LOL Thanks for the preview.ReplyDelete
love the new paper...LOVE these layouts!!!ReplyDelete
I love wrhat ou've done with the new stocks. Great lay outs and he paer works well with every design.ReplyDelete
Beautiful pages!! Can't wait to see the paper in person :)ReplyDelete
Just beautiful!!!! These DP makes your pictures just pop....how awesome...ReplyDelete
Such wonderful inspiratioN! Yes - gorgeous!ReplyDelete
Gorgeous layouts!ReplyDelete
Very nice layouts--love the colorful Epcot photos!!ReplyDelete
WOW i love your layouts and the paper is amazing.ReplyDelete
Great LO's! Loving all the new stacks!ReplyDelete
Gorgeous layouts! Can't wait to get my hands on the Stardust Stack!ReplyDelete
Just pinned that Epcot layout. I love the Stardust stack.ReplyDelete
I am very sure I can not pick a favorite as I LOVE them all! Those are great! Thank you :)ReplyDelete
Love the layouts, stardust stack looks awesome. TFSReplyDelete
Susan, you work is beautiful! I love all the different elements that you used on your pages. Thanks so much for sharing!ReplyDelete
Erin, thanks to you, too, for always bringing us the best....DCWV rocks!!
These layouts are adorable. I can't wait to get my hands on some of these stacks.ReplyDelete
Great layouts.I love all the paper stacks.ReplyDelete
These wonderful layouts showcase the new stacks to perfection!ReplyDelete
Yes, Susan is an amazing scrapbooker....and I am thrilled to see one of her Disney pages here, too! Love these creations!ReplyDelete
wow, these are beautiful!!! I LOVE them!ReplyDelete
These layouts are amazing. I need to get to a JoannsReplyDelete
WOW! Those papers are gorgeous! I've been needing good looking paper!ReplyDelete
The papers are gorgeous! And, such pretty layouts.ReplyDelete
That Gilded Orchard collection is calling my name.I love the deep,rich vibrant colors.ReplyDelete
Lovely layout and gorgeous collection of papers!ReplyDelete
I am going to be watching my local JoAnn's, for sure! Seeing these IRL is going to be fantastic! I love them all, can't shoose a favorite!ReplyDelete
Wow what Beautiful Layouts. I would love love to have this new papers stack. thanks for sharingReplyDelete
Wow, how colorful is that.ReplyDelete
those are great pages!!!ReplyDelete
- DreamaJune 26, 2012 at 6:10 AM
What beautiful paper. Kudos once again to your designers...always a step ahead.ReplyDelete


text:
HEADLINES : California
John Chiang says California's cash will dry up if officials don't act
California will run out of cash by early March if the state does not borrow more money and delay some payments, the state's cash manager warned Tuesday.
Controller John Chiang said state leaders must find $3.3 billion to ensure California has enough cash to pay for priority programs between Feb. 29 and April 13.
"I believe the upcoming shortfall can be effectively managed without resorting to IOUs, tax refund delays and other drastic measures with (legislation) and other steps we must take - quickly and collaboratively - in the coming days," Chiang wrote Tuesday to the Legislature's budget committee chairmen.
The latest cash problem comes after the state has received $2.6 billion less than what Gov. Jerry Brown and Democratic lawmakers assumed in their optimistic budget last year. Meanwhile, Chiang said the state is spending $2.6 billion more than state leaders planned.
Brown officials attribute that spending gap to courts blocking health and welfare cuts, as well as overestimating early savings in prison costs from redirecting inmates to counties.


text:
There are many people that like to dress up for Valentine's Day. They will wear a red outfit with all different types of accessories. Many women wear hearts in their hair, and heart jewelry. They also wear red undergarments.
It is always fun to wear red outfits, including the shoes. Since it is a special day, the outfits can be very stunning. They should also make sure that they carry a red purse with them too. By color coordinating their outfit, they will be sure to fit right in with the holiday.
Some women might wear another color like black or navy blue and use a red belt to set off the outfit for the Valentine's celebration. This type of outfit looks very nice for business or pleasure on Valentine's Day.
Making the most of the Valentine's Day is important for a lot of people. They like to spend time with their special someone for dinner and fun. It is a day that is very important to many people.


text:
I've got a Linksys something or other router. I've never had any issues with the default firmware but have always wondered what I'm missing out on by not changing to a 3rd party more configurable firmware.
What should I consider changing to? What does I gain by switching to it?


text:
Carol B. Williams, MD
Hanover Pediatrics
9113 Dickey Drive
Mechanicsville, VA 23116
Phone: 804-559-7280
Fax: 804-559-7282
Maps and Directions
Hospital Affiliations
St. Francis Medical Center
Memorial Regional Medical Center
Education and Training
Medical Degree
Howard University School of Medicine
Medical College of Virginia - Virginia Commonwealth University
Dr. Williams attended the University of Virginia for her undergraduate degree. She received her medical degree from Howard University School of Medicine located in Washington, D.C., and completed her internship at the Medical College of Virginia – Virginia Commonwealth University. Dr. Williams is board certified by the American Academy of Pediatrics. Prior to joining Bon Secours Medical Group, Dr. Williams was in private practice for 10 years.


text:
I'm convinced that only about 25% of the businesses that could be sold actually end up successfully exiting.
Yes. I believe that about three out of four times when a company could have been successfully sold, a sale did not end up happening – ever. And most of the time, it was avoidable.
The Frustrating Lack of Data on Exits
One of the most frustrating aspects of researching exits is the lack of data on transactions under $50 million, which are about three quarters of all exits. I have spoken with most of the organizations that manage databases that include information on entrepreneurial companies, early stage investments and exits, and I am certain the data does not exist.
There are now a few groups who are just starting to accumulate some of this data, but we're at least a decade or two away from having a sample large enough to be useful in developing best practices on exits.
This lack of valid data means that while something may be true, and even fairly obvious, most of the time we just can't prove it. For now, the best we can do is develop best practices based on empirical observations.
This article is about one of these truths. Based on my observations and hundreds of conversations with entrepreneurs, investors and M&A professionals, I have no doubt that what I have written here is true, but I wish we had the hard data to prove it.
My Observations on Exits
Since the early '80s, all I have done is start, grow, finance and sell technology companies. I have invested in about fifty companies, sold several dozen and had a front row seat to watch more than a hundred grow from their early stages to their eventual conclusion. I believe I've developed a pretty good understanding of which companies were saleable and when.
I Believe Only 25% of Saleable Companies Actually Exit
I'm convinced that only about 25% of the businesses that could be sold actually end up successfully exiting.
Yes. I believe that about three out of four times when a company could have been successfully sold, a sale did not end up happening – ever. To be clear, I am not including unsuccessful exits – for example, where the company has not succeeded and another entity acquires the assets for a low value. What I am writing about here are 'successful' exits where the investors end up with a smile on their face.
It is also possible that a single company will end up creating more than one saleable business. The best example is our recent understanding of how many startups pivot. Often pivots are the result of failing to exit the prior business when there was an opportunity. It's not uncommon for persistent management teams to build two, or three, saleable businesses in one company before they actual exit.
Of course, I'm not saying this happens exactly 25% of the time. We just don't have the data to be anywhere near that accurate. But I'm certain it's less than half the time, and I'm pretty sure it's less than a third of the time.
What gets me excited is imagining how much wealth could be created if we could improve our best practices to increase this percentage of saleable companies to even 50%. That would double investor returns and create twice as many wealthy founders and entrepreneurs.
Increasing the rate of successful exits to half would also create a lot more economic activity. Investors would invest more capital, more entrepreneurs would create startups, and more successful early stage companies would be scaled up by cash-rich corporations and private equity funds, all of which would create more economic growth and good quality jobs.
Why Do Only 25% Exit Successfully?
Why do so few companies that could be sold actually exit successfully?
Like many parts of business, or life, there is no single, simple explanation. Each case includes a different combination of factors which combine to end up in either a successful exit or not. Following are some of the main reasons companies end up failing to successfully exit.
1. The Exit Team Failed to Execute
In a depressing number of cases, the board of a company will decide that they would like to exit but the team they assemble will fail to execute. I believe there are two primary reasons this happens:
– The company wasn't actually saleable (at that time), or
– The team that was assembled didn't have the skills and experience to successfully execute the exit.
I used to think that when a board decided to assemble a team and execute an exit, they were successful about half of the time. More recently, though, as I have observed more attempted exits and spoken to at least a hundred more M&A professionals, I have revised my estimate, and I now believe attempted exits under $50 million only succeed about 25% of the time.
This summer, I spoke at the national AM&AA conference in Chicago, and another speaker there said that she thought the percentage of time companies successfully executed their exit was only 5 to 7%. Here statement was based on the often referenced study from the US Department of Commerce that reported only 20% of the businesses that are for sale will successfully transfer hands to another owner.
2. Boards Don't Realize the Company is Saleable
I'm surprised to see how often an entire board will fail to realize that a company is approaching, or has even passed, a saleable stage of development. I think there are two reasons why boards miss this so often:
– Experienced directors are very difficult to recruit and retain today. Very few boards have even one member who has been closely involved with more than a few exits.
– Many of 'the rules' about M&A exits have changed dramatically in the last ten years. Very few entrepreneurs, directors or investors appreciate how much this part of the economy has changed. Experiences from a decade ago can often lead to entirely wrong conclusions.
These factors often lead boards to develop strategies to:
– delay starting the exit process,
– accept additional financing because they believe the company needs to scale before exiting, or
– accept licensing or partnership offers because they feel like a bird in the hand.
In a short while, I will be sharing some very valuable information about the Pacinian exit. This was a good example of where directors and stakeholders had a variety of mutually exclusive opinions about the best strategy for the company.
3. The Board was Waiting for an Unsolicited Offer
This is one of the exit failures I really hate to see. Surprisingly, boards believe the right exit strategy is simply to wait for an unsolicited offer. This almost certainly ensures an exit valuation significantly below market. But worse, this strategy also dramatically reduces the probability that the exit will actually complete.
As I have said many times before, I think it's almost always bad news for shareholders when a company receives an unsolicited offer. Yes, just receiving the offer is usually bad news.
4. Riding it Over the Top
"Riding it over the top" is an increasingly common way to fail to exit. I don't' want to be too hard on the decision makers in these companies. This is a relatively new factor in our economy, And the importance of not riding it over the top has increased significantly in the last few years. Here's my guide on how to ensure you don't ride it over the top.
This talk also describes why exit timing is so critical and why missing the optimum time to exit doesn't just mean exiting later and probably for less money. It very often means not exiting at all.
How to Improve Your Probabilities of a Successful Exit
What can your company do to improve the probabilities of a successful exit?
There are quite a few elements to a complete answer, but I think the two most important are:
– Education – Read all the good information you can find, and talk to as many knowledgeable people as you can get in front of. If you have the opportunity, attend some of the new workshops on exit strategies. (Here is a link to an excellent exits workshop coming soon.)
– An exit strategy – I strongly believe every company should have an exit strategy. This one best practice alone will dramatically increase your probabilities of a successful exit.
Please post a comment below if you disagree with my 25% estimate of if you have suggestions on other ways entrepreneurs and boards can improve this percentage. Thanks.


text:
Pteropus rufus
|Scientific Name:
|Pteropus rufus
|Species Authority:
|É. Geoffroy, 1803
Common Name(s):
|Red List Category & Criteria:
|Vulnerable A2acd ver 3.1
|Year Published:
|Date Assessed:
|Andriafidison, D, Cardiff, S.G., Goodman, S.M., Hutson, A.M., Jenkins, R.K.B., Kofoky, A.F., Rabearivelo, A., Racey, P.A., Ranivo, J., Ratrimomanarivo, F.H. & Razafimanahaka, H.J.
|Hutson, A.M., Racey, P.A. (Chiroptera Red List Authority) & Hoffmann, M. (Global Mammal Assessment Team)
This species is listed as Vulnerable based on the loss of over 30% of its population over the last 20 years. This can be attributed to the increased level of hunting particularly with the introduction of shotguns and continued loss of its preferred roosting habitats.
|Previously published Red List assessments:
|Range Description:
|This species is endemic to Madagascar (Simmons 2005). It is one of the most widespread bat species on the island and appears to only be absent from the highly populated central highlands (MacKinnon et al. 2003). The highest density of roost sites is in coastal regions, especially from Morombe in the south-west to Antsiranana in the north (MacKinnon et al. 2003).
|Countries occurrence:
|Upper elevation limit (metres):
|Range Map:
|Click here to open the map viewer and explore range.
|Roosts are conspicuous and noisy but the bats are often tightly clustered making abundance estimates at the larger sites difficult. MacKinnon et al. (2003) reported that colony size ranged from 10 to 5,000 animals with a median of 400. They found that nationally 17.5% of 154 roosts had been abandoned in the last ten years and desertion rates were much higher (70%) in the central highlands. The estimated national population size in 2000 was 300,000 (MacKinnon et al. 2003).
|Current Population Trend:
|Additional data:
|Habitat and Ecology:
|It roosts in a variety of different tree species where the bats hang on the outermost branches (MacKinnon et al. 2003; Jenkins et al. 2007a; Long and Racey 2007). Roosts are very rare inside intact forest and are usually found in forest fragments, small islands or mangroves (MacKinnon et al. 2003; Jenkins et al. 2007a; Rakotoarivelo and Randrianandriananina 2007). Occasionally, Eucalyptus plantations are also used (Jenkins et al. 2007a). The majority of roosts are in small areas of relatively degraded vegetation with a few large trees. Roosting bats are easily disturbed by people and cattle that venture near the roost and colonies readily take flight (MacKinnon et al. 2003). Once disturbed the bats may move to an alternative roost site in the vicinity and it appears that each colony requires more than one roost site as a response to disturbance but also maybe to shifting patterns of food availability (Jenkins et al. 2007a). This species can survive in heavily modified landscapes through feeding on a mixture of native and introduced plants (Raheriaisena 2005; Jenkins et al. 2007a; Long and Racey 2007). It is known to travel at least 17 km a night between roosting and foraging areas (Long 2002) and may actually regularly travel much further than this.
The diet consists predominantly of fruit juices which are squeezed from fruit in the mouth. Large quantities of seeds are accidentally ingested during feeding and are later dispersed at other foraging sites, during flight or at the roost. There is some evidence that seeds that have passed through the digestive tract of P. rufus incur a fitness advantage through increased germination success (Racey et al. in press). Other plants parts are also consumed, including flowers, nectar and leaves. In the south, nectar from introduced plants is an important dietary component throughout the year (Long and Racey 2007). Some plants have evolved to attract nocturnal mammals like bats as pollinators and P. rufus feeds non-destructively on the nectar of two threatened baobab species (Baum 1995; Andriafidison et al. 2006). Because of its ability to travel long distances and its capability as a seed disperser and pollinato,r P. rufus is widely believed to be a key species in fragmented forest ecosystems (Bollen and Van Elsacker 2002; Bollen et al. 2004).
|Major Threat(s):
|There are numerous threats to this species. It is listed as a game species under Malagasy law and can be legally hunted between May and August (Durbin 2007). Only the few roosts that are located in protected areas therefore receive some protection (Racey et al. in press). Pteropus rufus is hunted for food across Madagascar (MacKinnon et al. 2003; Rakotondravony 2006; Rakotonandrasana and Goodman 2007; Racey et al. in press) where it is an important subsistence food but also of commercial importance. Although quantitative data on the supply of P. rufus for food and the impact of this harvest on colonies/populations is lacking, there is some evidence that the offtake is locally unsustainable (Racey et al. in press). Hunting occurs at roost sites and where the bats forage, especially when they feed on trees in villages (Jenkins and Racey in press). There is evidence that P. rufus from Ile Sainte Marie is hunted commercially and frozen shipments are sent to the mainland port of Toamasina (Rakotonandrasana and Goodman 2007). The conversion of the forest used by roosting bats into agriculture is another threat to P. rufus and results in the permanent loss of suitable trees which in many cases have been used for decades. Pteropus rufus feeds on a number of cultivated fruits that have a high economic value in rural Madagascar and is often subjected to persecution.
|Conservation Actions:
|It is listed on CITES Appendix II and is a game species under Malagasy law (Durbin 2007) but neither of these provide any practical in situ conservation measures (Racey et al. in press). There are a few roosts in protected areas, notably Parc National Kirindy-Mité, Parc National de Masoala, Parc National de Mananara-nord (MacKinnon et al. 2003) and Berenty Private Reserve (Long 2002), but many of the existing parks and reserves appear to be without roosting colonies (e.g. Goodman 1996, 1999; Alonso et al. 2002; Goodman et al. 2005; Schmid and Alonso 2005). The ongoing process to triple the surface of protected areas in Madagascar is providing an unprecedented opportunity to include traditional roosts in the new conservation sites. There is also significant scope for local institutions to conserve roosts and this is already occurring in some parts of Madagascar where the bats use sacred forests (Jenkins et al. 2007b) or where communities have created social contracts to protect the bats (Jenkins et al. 2007a).
Alonso, L. E., Schulenberg, T. S., Radilofe, S. and Missa, O. 2002. Evaluation rapide de la diversité biologique de reptiles et amphibians de la Reserve Naturelle Integrale d'Ankarafantsika. RAP Bulletin of Biological Assessment No. 23. Conservation International, Washington, DC, USA.
Andriafidison, D., Andrianaivoarivelo, R. A., Jenkins, R. K. B., Ramilijaona, O., Razanahoera, M., MacKinnon, J. and Racey, P. A. 2006. Nectarivory by endemic Malagasy fruit bats in the dry season. Biotropica 38: 85-90.
Baum, D. A. 1995. The comparative pollination and floral biology of Baobabs (Adansonia - Bombacaceae). Annals of the Missouri Botanical Gardens 82: 323-348.
Bollen, A. and van Elsacker, L. 2002. Feeding ecology of Pteropus rufus (Pteropodidae) in the littoral forest of Sainte Luce, SE Madagascar. Acta Chiropterologica 4: 33-47.
Bollen, A., van Elsacker, L. and Ganzhorn, J. U. 2004. Relations between fruits and disperser assemblages in a Malagasy littoral forest: a community-level approach. Journal of Tropical Ecology 20: 599-612.
Durbin, J. 2007. New legislation for the protection of Malagasy species. Lemur News 11: 4-6.
Goodman, S. M. 1996. Results of a bat survey of the eastern slopes of the Reserve Naturelle Integrale d'Andringitra, Madagascar. A floral and faunal inventory of the eastern slopes of the Reserve Naturelle Integrale d'Andringitra, Madagascar: With reference to elevational variation. Fieldiana: Zoology, new series 85: 284-288.
Goodman, S. M. 1999. Notes on the Bats of the Réserve Intégrale d'Andohahela and Surrounding Areas of Southeastern Madagascar. Fieldiana: Zoology 94: 251-257.
Goodman, S. M., Andriafidison, D., Andrianaivoarivelo, R., Cardiff, S. G., Ifticene, E., Jenkins, R. K. B., Kofoky, A., Mbohoahy, T., Rakotondravony, D., Ranivo, J., Ratrimomanarivo, F., Razafimanahaka, J. and Racey, P. A. 2005. The distribution and conservation of bats in the dry regions of Madagascar. Animal Conservation 8: 153-165.
Jenkins, R. K. B. and Racey, P. A. 2008. Bats as bushmeat in Madagascar. Madagascar Conservation & Development 3(1): 22-30.
Jenkins, R. K. B., Andriafidison, D., Razafimanahaka, J. H., Rabearivelo, A., Razafindrakoto, N., Andrianandrasana, R. H., Razafimahatratra, E. and Racey, P. A. 2007. Not rare, but threatened : the Madagascar Flying Fox Pteropus rufus in a fragmented landscape. Oryx 41: 263-271.
Jenkins, R. K. B., Kofoky, A. F, Russ, J. M.Friafidison, A., Siemers, B. M., Randrianandrianina, F. H., Mbohoahy, T., Rahaingodrahety, V. N and Racey, P. A. 2007. Ecology of Bats in the southern Anosy Region. In: J. U. Ganzhorn, S. M. Goodman, and M. Vincelette (eds), Biodiversity, ecology and conservation of littoral ecosystems in southeastern Madagascar, Tolagnaro (Fort Dauphin), Smithsonian Institution, Washington, DC, USA.
Long, E. 2002. The feeding ecology of Pteropus rufus in a remnant gallery forest surrounded by sisal plantations in South-east Madagascar. School of Biological Sciences, University of Aberdeen.
Long, E. and Racey, P. A. 2007. An exotic plantation crop as a keystone resource for an endemic megachiropteran, Pteropus rufus in Madagascar. Journal of Tropical Ecology 23: 1-11.
MacKinnon, J., Hawkins, C. E. and Racey, P. A. 2003. Pteropodidae. In: S. M. Goodman and J. P. Benstead (eds), The Natural History of Madagascar, pp. 1299–1302. The University of Chicago Press, Chicago, USA and London, UK.
Racey, P.A., Goodman, S.M. and Jenkins, R.K.B. 2009. The ecology and conservation of Malagasy bats. In: T.H. Fleming and P.A. Racey (eds), Island Bats, Chicago University Press, Chicago, USA.
Raheriaisena, M. 2005. Régime alimentaire de Pteropus rufus (Chiroptera: Pteropodidae) dans le région sub-aride du sud de Madagascar. La Terre et la vie: Revue d'Ecologie 60: 255-264.
Rakotoarivelo, A. R. and Randrianandriananina, F. H. 2007. A chiropteran survey of the Lac Kinkony-Mahavavy area in western Madagascar. African Bat Conservation News 12: 2-4.
Rakotonandrasana, E. N. and Goodman, S. M. 2007. Bat inventories of the Madagascar offshore islands of Nosy Be, Nosy Komba and Ile Sainte Marie. African Bat Conservation News 12: 6-10.
Rakotondravony, H. 2006. Communautés locales et gibiers dans la région de Daraina, extrême Nord-Est de Madagascar. Madagascar Conservation and Development 1: 19-21.
Schmid, J. and Alonso, L. E. 2005. A rapid biological assessment of the Mantadia-Zahamena corridor, Madagascar. Conservation International, Washington, DC, USA.
Simmons, N.B. 2005. Order Chiroptera. In: D.E. Wilson and D.M. Reeder (eds), Mammal Species of the World, pp. 312-529. The Johns Hopkins University Press, Baltimore, MD, USA.
|Andriafidison, D, Cardiff, S.G., Goodman, S.M., Hutson, A.M., Jenkins, R.K.B., Kofoky, A.F., Rabearivelo, A., Racey, P.A., Ranivo, J., Ratrimomanarivo, F.H. & Razafimanahaka, H.J. 2008. Pteropus rufus. The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2008: e.T18756A8568476. . Downloaded on 27 June 2016.
|To make use of this information, please check the <Terms of Use>.
|If you see any errors or have any questions or suggestions on what is shown on this page, please provide us with feedback so that we can correct or extend the information provided


text:
- Welcome
- Egypt's Mermaid Alexandria
- A Summer Classic
- The Stars Left The Stage For Team Spirit
- Living History Halil İNANVCIK
- Are You Ready To Get Tired?
- Wild life from the eyes of Mustafa Koç
- Ramadan in The Topkapı Palace
- A Long Standing Beverage Tradition Sherbet And Sorbet
- A Fly And A Diamond
- Worker And Nurse
- Glass, Metal, Wood, Paper
- Extended Summer At Evin
- Nev's Summer Selection
- Master And Apprentices
- One Hundred Percent Comic Book
- The Last Fifteen Years
- No Vacation In The Capital
- Islands Museum
- Pleasant Times
- İstanbul Fashion Week
- Mosque Illuminations Competition
- An African In Istanbul
- A Different Istanbul In Ramadan
- Summer, Art And Children
- There Is Fun At The Neighbor's !
- Star Of Eastern Europe
- Time Tunnel
- Mathematics In The picture
- Books For Children
- The Kâzım Taskent Art Gallery
- Coşkun Aral's Siirt
- Turkey's Fantastic Beachest
- Seagull Station; Burgaz Island
- Geneva In Three Steps!
There Is Fun At The Neighbor's !
A reason to go to Bulgaria in August: Spirit of Burgas.
The fourth largest city in Bulgaria, Burgas is a resort town on the white shores of the Black Sea coast. With its 250 thousand population's doubling in the summer, the town has organized the "Spirit of Burgas" music festival for two years. It has attracted the attention not only of Bulgarians, but of the whole world. Taking place from August 13th- 15th this year, the festival will embrace various music types like rock, reggae-ska, jazz, the blues, techno, and drum & bass. The Apollo 440, the Prodigy and the Gorillas Sound System are groups that definitely will be a part of the festival. It may not be a bad vacation idea to pass several hot days in Bulgaria which is not far from Turkey. Especially when the music is free!


text:
[WIP]Deralia Spaceport[TSL&K1]
View Single Post
Join Date
: Jun 2006
: Delta Halo
: 847
[WIP]Deralia Spaceport[TSL&K1]
Well guys it has been a little while since I have come up with a new idea for a mod, so I thought about it and said to myself...self it's time you make a new mod. So what we have here is a new idea that I have been working with to make a mod that will incorporate hopefully the whole community. What this mod will do is take the aspect of a "mod pack" to a whole new level, and what I mean by that is that this mod will not only give you all of my mods it will give you a lot of other people's who wish to submit thier mods to be setup in this one. This mod is going to take a choice cut level from each game (Kotor & TSL) and will turn it into what will look like a huge mall for the game. you will be able to find General items, custom items, test reskins that I have made, and that other have allowed me to use, you will be able to warp to different plants from one console then go back again, and there will even be some really cool quests to complete in the mod itself. Now this is going to be one of my biggest mods as it gets into some pretty advanced stuff that I have never really done before and also some stuff I have learned to do recently. So I also welcome all modders to help in the creation of this mod, the more the better. Here are some of the things I will need from anybody who is interested in helping me...
-Knowlegde of how Modules work
-Knowledge of how Journal Entries work
-Anybody who would like to do some vioce acting for the charcters
-Reskinning to do some minor reskins in the modules
I am also looking for anybody who wants to submit a mod to be incorporated with this one. I don't really have any hold ups on what I will take either, all that I ask is that it works, it looks good, and you have no hold ups on me modifying it for the mod. Other then that guys I think this mod will be a huge success. Oh also I have an idea for the cut module I am using for the Kotor 1 version of this mod I just need to know your guys opinions on what I should use for the TSL version. So if you guys could vote one of the ones I slected up in the poll I would really appreciate it. Oh yeah by the way this must have totally slipped my mind, the cut area that I am using for the Kotor version of this mod is Darth InSidious's Missing Czerka Depot module with his permission of course, I thoought you all might want to know that. Well anyway I hope you all like what you hear and I hope I can finnish it sometime soon so you can all enjoy it but until then. Enjoy!
I have defied gods and demons.
I am your shield, I am your sword.
I know you; your past, your future.
This is the way the world ends...
TAC-F v2.0
Ubese Assassin's Armor
TSL: Warp Console v1.0
Auto K1 DS Transitioning
Deralia Spaceport[TSL&K1]
Kotor2Files.com Co.Manager
K1RP: Kotor I Restoration Project
you may:
quote & reply
View Public Profile
Visit SithRevan's homepage!
Find More Posts by SithRevan


text:
The South Carolina State Museum will wind up its series of discussions and talks in conjunction with its new exhibit on the American Revolutionary War in South Carolina.
The final installment will deal with "Women of the Revolutionary War" on June 28 at 1 p.m. JoAnn Zeise, curator of history at the State Museum, will put the lives of women in 18th century America in context by exploring their roles in society and the creation of republican motherhood. While looking at women from all kinds of racial and social backgrounds, Zeise will focus on several South Carolina women whose lives and actions made great contributions to the war effort and the creation of our new country.
This event is included with Museum admission or membership. The Museum is located at 301 Gervais Street and the front entrance is now open after being closed for several months due to construction.
If you would like to receive email updates when new articles are posted, please click the "subscribe" button at the top of the page.
If you enjoyed this article, please check my Examiner page here.


text:
American's Alexis Dobbs
June 24, 2013
2013 Patriot League Women's Basketball Academic Honor Roll
CENTER VALLEY, Pa. – Sixty-one student-athletes, including American's Alexis Dobbs, the Scholar-Athlete of the Year, have been named to the 2013 Patriot League Women's Basketball Academic Honor Roll.
Dobbs, a junior, recorded a 3.64 spring grade-point average in public health. She is joined on the Academic Honor Roll by five student-athletes who earned perfect 4.0s or higher in the spring semester. Three of those selections are seniors from Bucknell, including Ashley Baxter, an environmental studies major, elementary education major Lindsay Horbatuck and Rachel Voss, a management major. Army freshman Bridget Ryan, who has not declared a major, logged a 4.035 GPA in the spring, while fellow freshman Morgan Miller of Lafayette, a mathematics-economics major, recorded a 4.0.
Holy Cross and Lehigh led the way with 11 honor roll selections each, followed by Bucknell and Lafayette with 10 apiece. American placed seven and Colgate six, while Army and Navy had three selections each. In addition, all six members of the Academic All-League team announced in March appear on the honor roll.
To be eligible for the Spring Academic Honor Roll, a student-athlete must earn a 3.20 grade-point average in the spring semester and participate in one of the Patriot League's winter or spring championship sports.
To view the complete list, click here.


text: Live updates 12:45 pm, Thu 15 Nov 2012 Can you spot this mill in Bryan Adams' hit music video, 'Everything I do?' The Silk Mills site at Holford in Somerset is on the market at a guide price of £60,000. Credit: ITV West Try spotting it in the video here: Read more 2 updates Music Video Mill For Sale UK Somerset Music Share Tweet Plus Reddit ITV Report 12:33 pm, Thu 15 Nov 2012 Somerset mill in Bryan Adams video up for sale A tumbledown mill building which was the backdrop for Bryan Adams' music video "Everything I do, I do it for you" is up for sale. Read the full story › Advertisement


text:
Today, Hartford Books Examiner welcomes Lily Koppel.
Ms. Koppel is the author of The Astronaut Wives Club: A True Story (Grand Central Publishing, $17.00) and will celebrate the book's paperback release with two Connecticut appearances—R.J. Julia Booksellers on Wednesday, June 4th, and the Fairfield University Bookstore on Thursday, June 5th. (See event details below.) Her previous title, The Red Leather Diary, was a bestseller; she has also written for The New York Times, the New York Times Magazine, Huffington Post and Glamour. Ms. Koppel makes her home in New York City.
The Astronaut Wives Club is out in paperback today and serves as the source material for an upcoming major television series for ABC. Upon its initial release, Publishers Weekly praised, "In this entertaining and quirky throwback, journalist Koppel … revisits the ladies who cheered and bolstered their men to victory in the U.S. space program from the late '50s through early 1970s, revealing public triumph and rarely private agony … This is truly a great snapshot of the times." Further, Library Journal noted, "The author's aim was to uncover the real lives behind the "perfect" astronaut wives, and she hits the mark, crafting an exceptional story that seriously examines the imperfection and humanity of America's heroic astronauts, their wives, and their families. This work will hold vast appeal for armchair historians, and those interested in feminism, women's history, and 20th-century history."
From the publisher:
As America's Mercury Seven astronauts were launched on death-defying missions, television cameras focused on the brave smiles of their young wives. Overnight, these women were transformed from military spouses into American royalty. They had tea with Jackie Kennedy, appeared on the cover of Life magazine, and quickly grew into fashion icons.
Annie Glenn, with her picture-perfect marriage, was the envy of the other wives; platinum-blonde Rene Carpenter was proclaimed JFK's favorite; and licensed pilot Trudy Cooper arrived on base with a secret. Together with the other wives they formed the Astronaut Wives Club, meeting regularly to provide support and friendship. Many became next-door neighbors and helped to raise each other's children by day, while going to glam parties at night as the country raced to land a man on the Moon.
Now, Lily Koppel initiates readers to The Astronauts Wives Club …
1) What inspired you to write THE ASTRONAUTS WIVES CLUB – and how do you feel that it represents a progression from your journalistic roots?
I saw an incredible Life magazine photo of the wives in their skyrocketing beehives, outfitted in their swirling candy- colored Pucci minidresses. I've always loved The Right Stuff and Apollo 13 and Mad Men, but I never knew how much I wanted to know more about these women until I saw that picture. I now know that what drew me to those movies and the books was an interest in the women. When I learned that they actually have a club—and that they raised their families in the Houston "space burbs" near NASA's operations, in a community known as "Togethersville"—the whole thing was just amazing! I knew I had to write the book and tell their story: the emotional side of the space race.
2) The book has been described by many as a perfect "beach" or "summer" read. How do you endeavor to bring history alive for readers – and what is the key to achieving a balance between fact and entertainment?
Although it is serious history, I always wanted it to read like a page-turner. I hope readers will get into the spirit (with me) of what it meant in a very real, womanly way, to send your husband a quarter of a million miles away—to the Moon (and back)! I was looking for little stories of empowerment among the wives. For moments of rebellion. Hey, maybe the man in the moon is really a woman…I focused on the wives who had the most interesting, dramatic, and, at times, difficult experiences. I let their stories, missions, and personalities guide me in an organic way, focusing on the moments that jumped out at me, like when the Mercury wives were introduced to America like the country's first reality stars, and how this very different group of women bonded and came together. Also, my favorite mission turned out to be Apollo 8, the first flight to the Moon on Christmas 1968, given a fifty-fifty shot (Genesis was read during it), because it showed how two women dealt, in very different ways, with the pressures of having their men go to the Moon. Mission wife Susan Borman truly believed her husband would die orbiting the Moon; while Marilyn, married to Jim ("Houston, we have a problem") Lovell, who later became famous for commanding Apollo 13, kept the faith.
3) Why do you believe that these women achieved prominence in the 1960s – and how do you view their story as being relevant to today's society?
Well, there is definitely a different way of living from the 1950s and 1960s to the 2000s. As the wives told me, they were stay-at-home moms first and foremost. They had tea with Jackie Kennedy and appeared on the cover of Life magazine, but they did womanly, wifely things. Revisiting those times was very comforting to me. Just how they would pick up a pink or white rotary phone and call a friend to come over for a cup of coffee and a cigarette, or a cocktail, if they were feeling alone or needed to talk. They walked (and ran) to friends' homes across lawns. One astronaut kid told me nostalgically how his mother used to lock him and his siblings out of the house and tell them to go play with their friends and be home in time for supper. It was a more innocent time. It was a time when people got to live in the moment without yoga, Twitter, Facebook, and all the rest. It was also a magical time when human ingenuity meant everything and America accomplished amazing things. I think today is wonderful, but we need to incorporate some of yester- day's examples into how we live (of course, I am a sucker for '60s fashion, too, not to mention the music).
4) The book is being adapted into a major television series. What is your role in this process – and how do you see this project as enhancing its source material?
The book was almost inspired by the feel of the Mad Men series. There's nothing as cinematic as going into space. But this is the story turned inside out - a reaction to all the male-centric space stories that have been told on the big screen. This is a world of pool parties and splashdown parties, full ashtrays and martinis. Stephanie Savage (the producer and writer of Gossip Girl, on the CW) will write the script and I will consult to make sure the series is as true to the spirit of the book and the wives' experiences as possible. The TV show will bring the story to a younger audience, and I think that's what this story needs. I think it's really exciting they're taking the time to go down to Houston and film.
5) Tell us: What do you believe to be the role of the bookstore within the community – and how do you feel that author appearances help to solidify the relationship between writer, reader, and bookseller?
I love books and bookstores. As a guy named Thoreau once said, "Books are the carriers of civilization." Books save lives, so people ought to #SaveBooks. Recently there has been a lot in the media about Amazon eclipsing indie bookstores, and people should take an active interest in how they can promote the longevity of books. We seem to care so much about entertainment in our culture, i.e. movies and TV, and don't realize most of the great ideas come from books. Even going to the Moon was inspired in part by Jules Verne's 1865 book From the Earth to the Moon, which many of the rocket scientists, the astronauts and their wives read in the lead-up to landing a man on the Moon. The 45th anniversary of the moon landing on July 20, 1969 is this summer. Celebrate it by picking up a copy of The Astronaut Wives Club and take a journey into outer space just by curling up with a book at home or by the pool. The power of human ingenuity. Magic, right?
With thanks to Lily Koppel for her generosity of time and thought and to Julie Paulauski, Publicity/Grand Central Publishing, for facilitating this interview.
The following are Ms. Koppel's upcoming local appearances:
Wednesday, June 4th – R.J. Julia Booksellers, 7 PM – This event is free and open to the public. Reservations are required, and can be made online or by calling the store at 203-245-3959. R.J. Julia is located at 768 Boston Post Rd. in Madison.
Thursday, June 5th – Fairfield University Bookstore, 7 PM – This event is free and open to the public; reservations are not required. The bookstore is located 1499 Post Rd.


text:
United States >
About 3M >
Company Information >
Business Conduct >
Code of Conduct - Principles >
Be Fair and Impartial >
Political Activities Principle
Printer Friendly Version
3M respects, supports, and encourages participation in the political process, and is committed to complying with all laws and regulations relating to this activity. Employees and third parties to which this Principle applies must not (1) use corporate resources to further such activities, (2) use 3M resources, such as our facilities, email, computers, telephones, email, or work time for political campaigning, fundraising, or other political activities, or (3) give the impression that 3M sponsors or endorses (or, alternatively, does not sponsor or endorse) any position or candidate. Employees also must avoid offending co-workers with inappropriate political messages.
In order to ensure 3M's compliance with pay to play laws, officers and directors and certain employees may be required to consult with counsel for 3M PAC and 3M Government Affairs before making political contributions to candidates and political organizations in certain states and localities.
This Principle does not prohibit or restrict lawful activities or uses of 3M resources by 3M and 3M Government Affairs.
3M Political Action Committee (3M PAC) is a nonpartisan fund used to make contributions to U.S. federal, state, and local candidates as permitted by law. This Principle permits the lawful activities and the use of 3M resources by 3M PAC.
The use of corporate resources to influence the political process is strictly regulated to protect and promote the integrity of the political processes of countries around the world. In addition, the United States law and the laws of many U.S. states generally prohibit the use of corporate resources to support or oppose candidates or political committees. 3M supports and complies with these regulations and expects 3M employees, in the course of their 3M work, to comply as well.
This Principle applies globally to all employees and may apply to those acting on behalf of 3M. See the Compliance Principle for information on when a third party might be covered by the Code of Conduct Principles.
Additional Guidance:
Except for the lawful political contributions and activities described below, 3M does not allow political campaign or partisan political activities at any 3M workplace or facility, or the use of company resources for political purposes:
Violations of the law and 3M's Code of Conduct will result in discipline, up to and including termination from employment.
© 3M 2016. All Rights Reserved.


text:
- No comments found
Archipelago International's (formerly known as Aston International is one of Indonesia's leading hotel operators with an underlying portfolio of more than 60 hotels and 12 000 rooms and a development pipeline exceeding 90 properties in Indonesia, the Philippines and Malaysia.) newest up market hotel brand, Alana. Alana, is the brainchild of Archipelago International, an Indonesia based hotel operator with Hawaiian roots and an underlying portfolio of more than 150 Hotels and Resorts.
Alana which in Hawaiian means "fair, beautiful or offering " , offers high end lifestyle boutique hotels that are sophisticated yet friendly and welcoming for a traveler who appreciates style, personalized service and a stimulating environment, launches this month with the opening of its flagship property in Bali, The Alana Vasanti – Seminyak. The Alana Vasanti – Seminyak sits in the heart of Petitenget in South Bali in the direct vicinity of Bali's most popular restaurants and club locale whilst enjoying a serene setting enclosed by emerald green rice fields and is nearby famed Seminyak Beach. The hotel was designed by Alex Bayusaputro from Genius Loco Architects and features 4 Presidential and 24 Deluxe Suites with separate lounge space and a mix of 93 oversized guest rooms with private balconies, spacious bathrooms with rain showers, 42" LED televisions and iPod compatible sound systems. Suite guests have exclusive access to the 24-hour club lounge with complimentary WiFi, a lavish a la carte breakfast and canapés and cocktails in the evenings while the 4 Presidential Suites also afford private outdoor – Jacuzzis.
A restaurant, a pool with sundeck, a pool bar and a wellness center with gym on offer. "Devali" is a chic restaurant featuring a relaxed contemporary setting with private and communal tables, regular chef tables and a menu infused with modern interpretations of Balinese cuisine. The "Splash Pool Bar" invites guest to interact and enjoy poolside refreshments and quality cocktails while the "AUM Wellness Center", set in the gorgeous landscape of Seminyak, opens doors to an exotic world of beauty, serenity and utter indulgence. The Alana Vasanti also supported by 2 conference rooms, Kanaka and Kamala, each of room can accommodate up to 30 people. Equipped with meeting requirements and internet connection, also an elegant setting, meeting room was prepared for the guests who still want to be able to combine businesses and holidays. (BTN/014)
Presents Local Culture and Potential Lake Beratan and Bedugul region in general pose the tourism…
The beautiful Pompei city with a high culture disappeared due to the extremely terrible eruption…


text:
A-1 Volkswagen Specialist
Serving Salt Lake, Utah County, Weber/Davis, St. George, Northern Utah, Park City, Uintah Basin, Central Utah, Price, Western Utah, South Eastern Utah areas
Business Details
Hours of OperationsMonday - Friday 8:00am - 6:00pm
Saturday 9:00am - 4:00pm
Reviews (6)
Many repairs done by Lawrence
by User164842 on
If you need an oil change or general maintenance then he's your guy, super cheap, good rates. If you want anything else done, DO NOT TRUST IT. It's a gamble. He will do it for way less than anyone else and he will also screw up your car and get oil stains inside and on your seats. Nice guy, terrible mechanic.
Fantastic Service
by User49359 on
I found A-1 VW Specialist by searching online because I was fed up with LHM Used cars in Murray. Lawrence was available anytime to have me come in and drop of my Passat. I knew there was a problem with the car but just wasn't sure what the issue was and neither did LHM. Lawrence spent a week on his own dime and with the help of Strong VW found out the problem and covered it all under the 125,000 warranty. I will pay Lawrence for his time, he is a good man with integrity. Something very difficult to find in a mechanic these day. I think I have found a mechanic for life.
Dishonest! Beware
by User127024 on
This man is a hack mechanic. Very dishonest. He ripped me off with dishonesty and lack of knowledge. Never again. I'm sorry I find no positive things to say.
by User112243 on
Great guy great mechanic took good care of my car and me went out of his way to pick up and drop off my jetta to provo
Great guy HORRIBLE MECHANIC
by User97635 on
I have also had the same situation with him and my beetle, as a matter of fact i have had to take him to court. He damaged my vehicle more and cost me more in the end. He says he warranties his work but not really. I havent seen a penny. I won my first case against him and no payment. Won my second case against him still no pay. so here I am waiting 6 months later to go to court again. PLEASE DONT WASTE YOUR TIME ON THESE GUYS THEY HAVE NO CLUE WHAT THEY ARE DOING SAVE YOURSELF THE TIME AND MONEY. Like I said Lawrence is a great guy but they should hang up their wrenches.
View All Reviews


text:
(877) 668-6872
Welcome back . Log Out
Daniel (Barboursville )
Bolts did not fit correctly. Had to make a visit to local hardware store to get proper size.
Weasley (Floyds Knobs )
Winch did not work properly. It would rewind with switch but not feed out with switch.
Carl (Hudson )
It fit perfectly.
Doc (taylorsville )
Moose Racing products that I have purchased have all been of high quality and reasonable price. Their Roller Fairlead is no exception. It is very well built and very durable.
Doc (Salt Lake City )
This mount seems to be sturdy enough for any ATV winch. It went on fairly easily. The only problem that I had was that the mount bolt pattern did not match my fairlead roller bolt pattern. I had to order a new fairlead roller.
(manchester nh )
price is cheaper online by at least a hundred $


text:
Join us for our first Live 'N Local concert, featuring two of Plattsburgh's finest local bands - "Eat.Sleep.Funk" and "Zip City Blues." The concert is in conjunction with 1st Weekends in Downtown Plattsburgh and will be free and open to the public. Light refreshments will be available for sale.
North Country Cultural Center for the Arts (NCCCA) 23 Brinkerhoff St, Plattsburgh, New York 12901-7402 View Map


text:
The flavor of sweet, chewy, toasted coconut cookies with just a hint of vanilla makes Toasted Coconut Macaroon flavored coffee absolutely delicious! The first macaroons were almond meringue cookies that had a crisp crust and soft interior. They were made from egg whites and almond paste, and the name of the cookie comes from the Italian word for paste, "maccarone." Some historians claim that macaroons can be traced to an Italian monastery. Italian Jews adopted the macaroon cookie because it has no flour. It was introduced to other European Jews and quickly became a popular, year-round treat.
Enjoy the buttery, sweet goodness of the Toasted Coconut Macaroon flavored coffee! A 5 lb. heat sealed valve bag will ensure the freshest coffee. We roast and ship within 24 hours of placing your order. Enjoy!
This flavored coffee contains nut extract.
Toasted Coconut Macaroon Flavored Coffee (5lb Bag)
Toasted Coconut Macaroon Flavored Coffee (5lb Bag)
george alberts
5 Stars
I would recommend this item to a friend.
tastes great
April 29, 2015
recommended for toasted coconut lovers
San Diego, California
5 Stars
I would recommend this item to a friend.
Taste great
February 20, 2014
I love the taste of this coffee. The taste is great. I am glad that I got this flavor. I love the taste of coconut and macaroon.
Amherst Ohio
3 Stars
Where's the coconut?
August 18, 2013
Pleasant flavor but where's the coconut, tried two pounds, no coconut flavor what so ever. Sadly
Outer Banks, NC
5 Stars
I would recommend this item to a friend.
My husband's favorite coffee
June 11, 2013
My husband is a big fan of flavored coffees and this Toasted Cocnut Macaroon is his all time favorite. We've tried it from several different coffee company's and Coffee Am is the best. If you love coconut, you'll love this coffee!
Bella Vista, AR
3 Stars
I was anxious to get the coffee.
February 22, 2012
This coffee is good but I feel like there is something missing. It is not what I was expecting it to be.
Costa Mesa, Ca
5 Stars
I would recommend this item to a friend.
Everyone at work just loves it
November 23, 2011
Everyone at work just loves it. We will order more in the future.
Sammamish, Washington
5 Stars
I would recommend this item to a friend.
Why Buy Anything Else
January 20, 2010
I absolutely love this coffee. I buy a 5lb bag each time. I have no reason to buy my coffee anywhere else. The coffee and the service cannot be matched.
Pros:Always Perfect cup after cup
Cons:There [aren't] any cons.