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Rules for grant and loan programs
The Water Resources Commission may adopt rules the commission considers reasonable for the administration and enforcement of ORS 541.600 (Definitions for ORS 541.600 to 541.641 and temporary provisions relating to loans for Columbia River Basin projects) to 541.641 (Exception to water measurement requirement) and sections 20, 25 and 26, chapter 907, Oregon Laws 2009. [2009 c.907 §28]
Note: 541.646 (Rules for grant and loan programs) is repealed July 1, 2015. See section 40, chapter 784, Oregon Laws 2013.
Note: 541.646 (Rules for grant and loan programs) was enacted into law by the Legislative Assembly but was not added to or made a part of ORS chapter 541 or any series therein by legislative action. See Preface to Oregon Revised Statutes for further explanation.
Note: Sections 20, 25 and 26, chapter 907, Oregon Laws 2009, provide:
Sec. 20. (1) A water developer, as defined in ORS 541.700 (Definitions for ORS 541.700 to 541.855), shall file an application for a loan from the Water Development Fund as provided in this section instead of under ORS 541.705 (Project applications) if:
(a) The applicant is not a municipality or a provider of water for municipal purposes;
(b) The loan is for the purpose of enabling the construction of a water development project in the Columbia River Basin; and
(c) The moneys from which the loan is to be funded were provided under an appropriation that dedicates the moneys for use under this section or for loans of a type described in this subsection made to applicants of a type described in this subsection.
(2) An application filed under this section must be in a form prescribed by the Water Resources Commission and include the following:
(a) A description of the nature and the primary and secondary purposes of the project.
(b) An analysis of the need for the project and for the water that the project is intended to deliver.
(c) Identification and description of the project components sufficient to meet the conditions for project funding approval under section 25 of this 2009 Act.
(d) A description of the economic feasibility of the project, including but not limited to:
(A) The costs of the project; and
(B) Information about the financial and other aspects of the operation and maintenance plans for the project.
(e) Suggestions for interim and long-term project performance benchmarks.
(f) An analysis of the project impacts including, but not limited to, the:
(A) Expected economic public benefits.
(B) Expected social and cultural public benefits.
(C) Expected net environmental public benefits.
(g) An evaluation of the potential impact on water quality, based upon water quality standards.
(h) Proof that the applicant has acquired at least a final order or limited license for necessary water permits from the department.
(i) Letters of support for the proposed water resource development project.
(j) If the project has not previously received state funding, a statement regarding whether other moneys are available or have been sought or received for the implementation of the water resource development project.
(k) A description of a loan repayment plan.
(L) Any other information required by the department.
(3) Any relevant information described in ORS 541.705 (Project applications) (2)(c) or (e) or (3).
(4) If the project will receive surface water impounded from a perennial stream, water diverted from a stream that supports sensitive, threatened or endangered fish, or more than 500 acre-feet of diverted surface water annually, in addition to the other information required under this section the application shall include the following completed studies:
(a) An analysis of by-pass, optimum peak, flushing and other ecological flows of the affected stream and of the impact of the project on those flows, that conforms to standards set by the department in consultation with the State Department of Fish and Wildlife and other relevant agencies;
(b) An independent comparative analysis of alternative means of supplying the water intended to be generated by the project, including but not limited to the costs and benefits of conservation, reuse and alternatives and the extent to which long-term water supply needs may be met using those alternatives; and
(c) Evaluation of the need for and feasibility of using project-derived water to augment in-stream flows to conserve, maintain and enhance aquatic life, fish life and any other ecological values.
(5) If the applicant is an agricultural water supplier, the applicant must have an approved agriculture water management and conservation plan, have submitted a completed agricultural water management and conservation plan to the Water Resources Department for approval or be in the process of completing or updating a water management and conservation plan.
(6) An application under this section is subject to application fees and additional processing costs as described in ORS 541.710 (Processing project application) and loan processing fees under ORS 541.730 (Loan contract).
(7) An analysis and evaluation conducted as part of a study performed pursuant to chapter 13, Oregon Laws 2008 [541.561 (Establishment of grant program) to 541.581 (Rules for grant and direct service cost payment program) and sections 5 and 6, chapter 13, Oregon Laws 2008], is deemed to satisfy the requirements of subsection (4) of this section. [2009 c.907 §20]
Sec. 25. (1) The Water Resources Department, acting as agent for the Water Resources Commission, may approve a loan for which an application is filed under section 20 of this 2009 Act, if the department finds that:
(a) The loan meets any applicable qualifications or restrictions under Article XI-I(1) of the Oregon Constitution, ORS 541.700 (Definitions for ORS 541.700 to 541.855) to 541.855 (Biennial report to Legislative Assembly and Governor), section 26 of this 2009 Act, Water Resources Commission rules and bondholder agreements;
(b) The plan for the construction of the proposed project complies with all applicable provisions related to water well constructors under ORS 537.747 (Water well constructors license) to 537.765 (Log of constructing, altering, abandoning or converting well), reservoirs and diversion dams under ORS 540.340 (Reservoir and diversion dam) and dams, dikes and hydraulic structures or works in ORS 540.350 (Dams, dikes and other hydraulic works);
(c) Planned diversions of surface water include provision for fish screens and, if applicable, volitional fish passage;
(d) The use of surface water or ground water from the project will be measured and reported;
(e) The applicant or beneficiaries of water from the project measure and report, or have scheduled and financed the measurement of, all existing water use at the point of diversion;
(f) There is a reasonable certainty that the project will deliver a measurable net environmental public benefit; and
(g) The project is designed to deliver in-stream benefits.
(2) The department shall require that a project protect peak and ecological flows to the extent determined by the State Department of Fish and Wildlife to be necessary.
(3) This section and sections 20 and 26 of this 2009 Act do not limit the authority granted the Environmental Quality Commission or the Department of Environmental Quality under ORS chapter 468B. [2009 c.907 §25; 2009 c.907 §31]
Sec. 26. (1) The Water Resources Department shall ensure that any necessary federal and state environmental impact approval processes have been completed, and that agencies have issued any relevant approvals and permits, before the advancement of any loan moneys for a project described in section 25 of this 2009 Act. The department shall determine the amount of a loan for a project described in section 25 of this 2009 Act on a case-by-case basis. The department shall determine the maximum amount of a loan based in part upon a reasonable and prudent expectation of the ability of the borrower to repay the loan. The department may not issue a loan to provide assistance for operational or maintenance expenses of a water development project other than project startup costs.
(2) Notwithstanding ORS 541.730 (Loan contract), if the Water Resources Commission, in consultation with the State Treasurer, believes that the project is unlikely to produce a net profit for the borrower or for any for-profit entity, the commission may set the loan interest rate at a level that reduces or waives the amount of the interest rate set under ORS 541.730 (Loan contract) that is in excess of the interest to be paid to bondholders on the underlying bonds.
(3) The department may issue a loan only if the applicant agrees to periodic review of the project, including but not limited to:
(a) Review of interim and long-term performance benchmarks set by the department; and
(b) Program and fiscal audits to ensure that performance benchmarks are achieved on project development, project benefits and return on investment.
(4) The department may issue a loan only if the applicant agrees to report to the department no later than two years after receiving the loan moneys regarding the progress of the project and the economic public benefit, social and cultural public benefit and net environmental public benefit realized from the project. The department shall provide copies of the applicant reports received by the department during the biennium to an interim committee of the Legislative Assembly dealing with natural resources.
(5) The commission may establish reasonable fees for management, oversight or review services that the department provides for a water development project. The fees shall be deposited to the Water Development Administration and Bond Sinking Fund. [2009 c.907 §26]
Note: Section 34, chapter 907, Oregon Laws 2009, provides:
Sec. 34. Sections 20, 25 and 26, chapter 907, Oregon Laws 2009, are repealed July 1, 2015. The repeal of sections 20, 25 and 26, chapter 907, Oregon Laws 2009, by this section does not alter the terms of any loan, contract or other agreement issued under section 20, 25 or 26, chapter 907, Oregon Laws 2009, or alter the conditions of any water permit or water right certificate that contains conditions that are based upon sections 20, 25 or 26, chapter 907, Oregon Laws 2009. [2009 c.907 §34; 2013 c.784 §30]


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Judge rules against USA Boxing
Amateur boxing's national governing body overstepped its bounds in revising the bylaws of its fundraising arm to tap nearly $2 million for pre-Olympics programming, an El Paso County district court judge has ruled.
Larry Schwartz sided with the USA Boxing Foundation, determining USA Boxing "did not have the authority to unilaterally make changes" to statutes that gave the Colorado Springs-based NGB access to a $4 million endowment fund controlled by the foundation.
The election of 11 trustees with USA Boxing ties to the foundation's board put the NGB in the majority last January, and it spent $1.815 million primarily on grass-roots efforts, membership promotion and scholarships.
Schwartz declared the foundation's amended bylaws "null and void" but didn't order USA Boxing to repay the 24-year-old foundation. The parties are working toward a settlement in hopes of avoiding further litigation.
"We're asking to see where that money was spent, and we want to know the return on investment," said Bill Deeter, a USA Boxing Foundation trustee. "We need a detailed accounting. We need to hold people's feet to the fire."
USA Boxing chief executive officer Jim Millman said his NGB "set the table for the organization to be more successful. … I don't think (the money) was wasted at all. It was critical to use as building blocks for our program going forward."
"We spent 100 percent on USA Boxing programs," he added. "If we hadn't used the money, $600,000 of it would have been lost. We were able to use that money productively rather than lose it to the market. Why have it be lost to nothing?"
Deeter maintains the U.S. Olympic Committee, which provided $1 million in funding to USA Boxing in 2007, hardly tried to stop the NGB from raiding the foundation.
"We reached out to them when this was happening and asked them to intervene," Deeter said. "They turned a deaf ear to us. There's a lapse in good judgment on their part."
USOC spokesman Darryl Seibel said, "We had several discussions with (USA Boxing Foundation vice president) Brad Smith, during which we offered our assistance. The USA Boxing Foundation chose to go in a different direction."

subset: commoncrawl


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Rumor has it that Denarius Moore would be a good trade for the Oakland Raiders. After the signing of James Jones from the Green Bay Packers, the wide receivers in Oakland are anything but jammed up.
As reported by Rant Sports on Wednesday morning, Raiders beat writer Paul Gutierrez has written about Moore possibly being a good trading asset for the Raiders. Adding to the rumor that the Raiders could use Moore potential abilities to score on an offer that could fill up another whole needed to improve the team.
Moore who is young and super fast has to potential to be a top receiver in the league. However, his inconsistent performances in the last three years has put his potentiality in hiatus.
It is speculated that Denarius Moore has not had the chance to shine due to the fact that he has not played with a superb quarterback. Another reason is the fact that Moore has not played alongside a veteran like he will with James Jones, if he this rumor does not become reality.
The Raiders have plenty of young receivers that are potential starters. The Silver and Black will be packing with Rod Streater and Andre Holmes. Both of them fast and young just like Moore.
Moore came in second with stats out of the receiving team last season. Out of 46 receptions, Moore accumulated 695 yards with five touchdowns last year.
The rumor makes sense for the Raiders to try to give up a young, fast wide receiver with decent stats to patch up a hole somewhere else in the team, and the Raiders have quite a lot holes. To give up Streater who was the best receiver last season would not be a good idea, nor would giving up Andre Holmes who did spectacular despite playing less games due to a sanction.
It seems like the Oakland Raiders are making gutsy moves this off-season and Denarius Moore could be another. If so, let it be. The Raiders have plenty of receivers for next season, especially when they pick up another for the draft coming very soon.


text: An air bubble in an artery of a persons arm has a radiusof 1 mm. If the person sits in a bath raising the temperature ofhis blood by 4 degree celsius, what is the new volume of airbubble. We can assume the constant for blood is the same as water,if we cannot find the specific constant of blood.


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Delaware Technical Community College's Owens Campus will host a day of elegant fashion and pre-holiday shopping in late November with its sixth annual fashion show titled Saturday Before the Season.
The fashion show will include a cheese and wine reception.
Visitors will be offered the opportunity to peruse a collection of local boutiques and restaurants under one roof at The Village Shoppes, which is a shopping bazaar on campus. There will also be a variety of "how to" demonstrations during the day on topics related to fashion, skincare and wellness.
All proceeds from Saturday Before the Season will benefit international education programs at Delaware Technical. Furthermore, proceeds will be used for the school's study abroad scholarships for students, as well as its Global Understanding Series, which are a series of workshops and presentations open to students and the community for free.
Saturday Before the Season will be held on Saturday, Nov. 23. The Village Shoppes will be open from 9 a.m. to 5 p.m. The fashion show runs from 1 p.m. to 3p.m. Admission to the fashion show is $35. Admission to The Village Shoppes is free. For more information, visit dtcc.edu or call 259-6100.
Location, ST | website.com


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Trying to stay positive
Monday, July 21, 2008
I just read an article here on SP that is really bothering me. It completely upset me because I'm trying so hard to stay positive in a bad situation only to realize I'm probably wasting my time.
The article was about people who suffer heart attacks that have kidney disease are less likely to receive life sustaining medications because of their illness.
I'm fortunate that I'm already on beta blockers and a statin medication to lessen my chances of having a heart attack, but it upsets me that a medical professional would deny a person a medication that could prevent them from having another episode simply because they have a renal disease. That is wrong!! Every moment of life is precious.
I used to think that maybe it was just me being paranoid when I saw a nephrologist for my kidneys. Since I have an untreatable, and incurable form of kidney disease every specialist I visited offered me no help or ideas on what I could do to ease the symptoms or things I need to do to help avoid other conditions brought on my the illness. It was as though each one was just telling me to go home and die. That's an awful feeling. It leaves a person feeling alone and abandoned. Makes it real easy for someone to give up on life. It's bad enough having an illness that interferes with your ability to do simple tasks, but to know your health care provider doesn't care kinda hurts
Here is a copy of the article:
Kidney Patients Less Likely to Get Heart Attack Med's
Health service delivery may be a factor is lowered use of beta blockers and statins
MONDAY, July 21 (HealthDay News) -- After having a heart attack, people with kidney disease are less likely to receive recommended medications, a new study finds.
The report, published in the September issue of the Clinical Journal of the American Society of Nephrology, finds people with end-stage renal disease requiring dialysis are often deprived of heart-protecting medicines such as beta blockers and cholesterol-lowering statins.
"Kidney function is a well-established risk factor for cardiovascular events such as heart attacks and is also associated with a worse prognosis after such events," Wolfgang C. Winkelmayer, of Brigham and Women's Hospital, in Boston, said in a news release issued by the American Society of Nephrology. "One possible explanation is differences in health service delivery. It may be that patients with more advanced kidney function receive less state-of-the art care after a heart attack, including less acute coronary intervention, less acute medical intervention and less chronic, secondary prevention."
The researchers analyzed data on medication use after a heart attack, or myocardial infarction, in approximately 21,500 patients, 17 percent of whom had kidney disease. After adjustment for other factors, those with chronic kidney disease were 22 percent less likely to start beta blocker treatment. Those with end-stage renal disease were 43 percent less likely to be treated with angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors or angiotensin receptor blockers and 17 percent less likely to be put on statins.
Those three drugs, along with aspirin, are considered vital parts of the strategy to prevent more cardiovascular issues following a heart attack.
As the rates of kidney disease continue to rise, the researchers concluded that new ways of cutting the risk of cardiovascular episodes among this group should become a greater priority.
More information
The National Kidney Foundation has more about chronic kidney disease.
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SOURCES: SOURCE: American Society of Nephrology, news release, July 9, 2008
Copyright � 2008 ScoutNews, LLC. All rights reserved.
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This event has ended.
"Flights of Fancy" — Stories for Children
Sky Wise: Stories, Fables and Folk Tales About Our Sky with Diane Macklin
Story Time Series
Saturday, January 19, 2013
11:00 am
Barron Hilton Pioneers of Flight Gallery
Museum in Washington, DC
Guest storyteller, Diane Macklin, will perform Sky Wise: Stories, Fables and Folk Tales About Our Sky. Each session includes one story and a hands-on activity. Groups larger than 15 are encouraged to reserve a program through the group reservation form.
These programs are made possible through the generous support of the Conrad N. Hilton Foundation
Directions to the Museum in Washington, DC
Museum Floorplan


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Skydiving.com now has a network skydiving location serving Port Jefferson and Suffolk County in New York. Call Skydiving.com at 1-800-617-7948 for details, free information and specials on skydiving in Port Jefferson, NY today!
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Top Definition
A mythical dish of the best salad ever compiled, very sought after but has never been found. It is often confused at sit down resturants as an option.
"and would you like the soup or salad with that?"
"Yeah I want a super salad!"
"Yeah I want a super salad!"
by Alex ander February 06, 2008


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Looking for some fun activities for you and your family to participate in during the month of June? Read on…
The Annual Caboose Race and Blast Dance will be held Saturday, June 12 at Main St., in downtown Fountain near City Hall. Races begin at 4:00 p.m. and the Blast Dance, food, crafts, hayrides and more start at 6:00 p.m. There is a $5 fee to rent a caboose, or you can bring your own. Caboose Race age groups are 6 to 11, 12 to 17, 18 to 39, and 40+. Prizes will be awarded to winners. Contestants must check in at the registration table and all kids must have signed release from a parent. The Legend Band will be performing, there will be activities for children including hayrides, and food vendors will be ready to take care of your hunger.
The 5th Annual Bark at Briargate will take place Saturday, June 12 from 11:00 a.m. to 2:00 p.m. in the east parking lot of the Promenade Shops at Briargate. Over fifty vendors will be available throughout the day. Additionally, the Pikes Peak Humane Society and rescue organizations will be in attendance. So, if you've been considering adopting a pet, this is the place to go! Also keep an eye out for the "bovine" Miss MaggieMoo. She'll be available for pictures from 11:00 a.m. to 2:00 p.m. If you take a picture with Miss MaggieMoo, post it to MaggieMoo's Facebook page and you may win a free regular treat from Maggie Moo's Ice Cream and Treatery!
Vista Grande Baptist Church will be hosting its annual free Family Fun Carnival on Saturday, June 12 from 9:00 a.m. to 1:00 p.m. The event is free and open to the community. Families can enjoy free food, games and fun. Vista Grande is located on the NW corner of Powers and Stetson Hills.
Colorado Springs Borders bookstores will be celebrating the opening of Toy Story 3 at 11:00 a.m. on June 12. The stores, located at 2120 Southgate Road and 1710 Briargate Blvd. will highlight the release of the movie with stories, games and giveaways. The event is geared toward children ages 4 to 9.
The Pikes Peak Children's Museum Without Walls is presenting a FREE family concert Saturday, June 12 at 11:30 a.m. The Make a Splash in the Park concert is geared toward children ages 2 to 8, and will be hosted at George Fellows Park, near the East Library. The event will offer a variety of water activities beginning at 11:00 a.m., so wear a swimsuit and bring a beach towel!
The Colorado Renaissance Festival will take place Saturday, June 12 and Sunday, June 13 from 10:00 a.m. to 6:30 p.m. at 650 W. Perry Park Ave., in Larkspur (halfway between Colorado Springs and Denver). Admission is $18.95 for adults and $8 for children (ages 5-12). Discounted tickets are available at all King Soopers stores through Aug 1st (adult tickets $15.95 and $7 for children ages 5-12). Children under five are admitted for free. Participating Wendy's are offering a buy-one-get-one-free coupon (this weekend only) and a $3-off coupon that will be accepted for the duration of the festival. Additional Renaissance Festival dates are June 19-20, June 26-27, July 3-4, 10-11, 17-18, 24-25, and July 31-August 1.
The 2010 Pikes Peak Soap Box Derby will be held Sunday, June 13 from 8:30 a.m. to finish in Downtown Colorado Springs—Costilla St. between Wahsatch and El Paso. While it's too late to register to participate in the 2010 Derby, you can certainly take the kids and go watch this fun and competitive event for boys and girls ages 8 through 17. The winners of the competition will go to Akron, Ohio to compete in the All-American Derby (all expenses paid!). Think your child may be interested in participating in next year's race? Check out the Pikes Peak Soap Box Derby website or call 719.488.8808 for more information.
The Father's Day Pinewood Derby will take place on Saturday, June 19 from 2:00 to 4:00 p.m. at the Briargate Family YMCA at 4025 Family Place, 80920. Celebrate the day watching or participating in a derby car race. Come cheer on your favorite car or purchase a derby kit in advance and enter your own car in the race. For more information, call 719.282.9622.
The Farmer's Market at the Western Museum of Mining and Industry is open every Monday and Wednesday through October. Families can purchase fresh vegetables from local Pueblo farms, breads, meats and more. With over 27 acres to explore at the Museum, guests can see operable steam engines, learn how to pan gold, see a recreated mine drift, play with hands-on exhibits, and catch a glimpse of the pioneer lifestyle. Pack a lunch and enjoy the on-site picnic grounds.
The 22nd Annual Teddy Bear Days at the Cheyenne Mountain Zoo will be held Saturday and Sunday, June 26 and 27 from 10:00 a.m. to 3:00 p.m. With over 10,000 people expected to attend, Teddy Bear Days at the Cheyenne Mountain Zoo is ranked as one of the area's biggest summer attractions. Kids 12 and under can receive admission to the Zoo for only $3 when accompanied by their teddy bear (or other favorite stuffed animal). Zoo members are always free. Children can enjoy face painting, games and parades with costumed characters, and a special grizzly bear demonstration. They can also get free "checkups" for their teddy bears by medical professionals. Children must be accompanied by a paid adult; maximum 4 children/adult. No other discounts apply. For more information please call 719-633-9925, ext. 111.
Free Movie Night in the Park. The El Paso County Parks Division will host a free movie night Saturday, June 24 at Bear Creek Regional Park. The movie night is open to the public. The film, E.T., the Extra-Terrestrial, will begin around 8:30 p.m. Bring your lawn chairs or blankets, and movie snacks.
Bear Creek Regional Park is located at 21st St. and Argus Road. Call 520-6375 for further information.
The Western Museum of Mining & Industry will be partnering with the Colorado Springs Mineralogical Society to present the second annual "Rock Fair" on Saturday, June 26 and Sunday, June 27. This family event will include children's activities, food vendors, rock & mineral identification, seminars on rock hounding and more.
Interested in summer camps available in the Colorado Springs and surrounding areas? Check out the Complete Summer Camp Guide featured at Pikes Peak Parent.
Be the first to get Colorado Springs Parenting updates. Subscribe to my articles by clicking the 'Subscribe' e-mail link above. You will receive automatic e-mail notification of articles, events, reviews and more.
I welcome your comments and opinions. Please leave them in the comments section above.


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If industry insiders are to be believed, pop singer and member of popular band One Direction Harry Styles is dating Cara Delevingne once again. According to an article published on September 11, 2013 in the Look Magazine, romance rekindled between the two soon after Styles broke up with Taylor Swift.
Despite the news of the two coming together going viral, Styles has denied being in a relationship. When asked about his love life during interviews, the 19 year old pop singer refused to name anyone.
Swift and Styles began dating in the spring of 2012. However, the relationship between the two didn't go well and they broke up a few weeks later. Between November 2012 and January 2013, romance between the two pop singers rekindled, but the relationship ended on a terrible note.
On September 2, 2013, Harry Styles and Cara Delevingne were spotted dating together in London. They reportedly watched the stage musical "The Book of Mormon". Onlookers told the Magazine that the two were cuddling and acting like a perfect couple. Another UK based media group namely "The Sun" revealed that Harry Styles and Cara Delevingne partied all night in London.
The Sun also published paparazzi photos of Styles coming out of a private home situated in the Notting Hill district at 7 in the morning. Cara was captured on camera coming out of the house approximately 2 hours later. Delevingne is a rising star in the fashion industry. She has produced some brilliant designs, which have fetched her appreciation from big names in the industry. Some people in the media have also given her the title "the next Kate Moss".
Cara is spotted at most of the parties organized in London and is a popular Page3 celebrity. Besides being a fashion designer, she is also an aspiring singer and an actress. Delevingne, who is open about her bisexuality, was reportedly romancing Ora, who has referred to Cara as her "wifey" in multiple interviews.
Cara and Ora's relationship subsided by summer 2013, when Ora began dating Calvin Harris. Meanwhile, Harry Styles continues to be surrounded by controversies. Rumors are making rounds that Styles is secretly gay or bisexual. People have speculated that BBC Radio 1 DJ Grimshaw and he are more than best friends. Moreover, they have been photographed by the paparazzi spending a night at each others' home and sharing clothes.
Harry Styles has officially abstained from publicly naming anyone he has dated since January 2012, post his breakup with the host of "The Xtra Factor" Carolina Flack. Styles confessed on Twitter that the breakup was a mutual decision. Since breakup, Flack and Harry have been spotted exchanging pleasantries at social gatherings.
PS,Are you bisexual? Are you still single? Do you want to meet bisexual men, bisexual women or bisexual couples? You are lucky now: BisexualFriends.org - The Best Bisexual Dating Site!


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We have been reminded that the retirement of the space shuttle is not only the end of an era, it is also the beginning of a new phase of human space exploration, with new launch vehicles, destinations, and technology. I don't wish to make too much of the comparison, but there is a parallel in …Continue Reading
If you don't already own one, you've no doubt seen advertisements for them on television. I am referring to so-called "smartphones," which can change the orientation of their display, from Portrait to Landscape, depending on how you hold them. They can do that because they contain a fingernail-sized chip inside, which senses the acceleration of …Continue Reading
Several months ago, according to statistics that measure the public's access to the museum's collections via our web site, the one artifact on exhibit at the Udvar-Hazy Center that our online users visited the most was….the Massively Parallel Processor. The what? The Massively Parallel Processor, or MPP, is a pair of large blue boxes crammed …Continue Reading
In a previous blog post, I discussed the influence that Wernher von Braun had on the vision of the way that human space travel would progress, from brief flights into space to long duration missions to Mars. To continue that discussion: Wernher von Braun envisioned the space station to be something quite different from the …Continue Reading
First of all there is a question of just what to call this device. Is it a "dummy"? That's what its creators called it sometimes, but that sounds too pejorative and does not give credit to its complexity. Is it a "robot"? That's what it looks like. Or is it an "android," defined by the …Continue Reading


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CAMPBELL — City council will vote on a new police contract that gives raises to six police officers, even though an arbitrator already ordered the pay increases.
If council rejects the contract, the issue will end up in court because the arbitrator's decision is binding, said city law director Mark Kolmacic.
Kolmacic said council has 30 days after notification of the order, which was Aug. 4, or until its next regular meeting to vote. If it doesn't vote, the contract is automatically accepted.
For the complete story, see Wednesday's Vindicator and Vindy.com
Question...Im all for raises and such..but..how are they getting raises if the city is still in the red??
Several officers were rewarded by a arbitrator a dollar because the dollar was taken away from them several years ago by the city. So this dollar was rewarded back to them and brought those officers even to what all the officers in the department are making. It is sad because i know those officers do not make very much in the first place to put their lives on the line in that crime infested city.


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The Catholic League for Religious and Civil Rights denounced the January 28 passage of a "domestic partners" measure by the Boston City Council, calling it "an attack on the family, on religious freedom rights, and on the pockets of the taxpayers." Massachusetts Chapter Executive Director C. Joseph Doyle said, "The so-called... [Read more...]Catholic Clout – Who Sez?
So what are we to make of all this? Surely there are a lot more Catholics than gays in New York, so where does Mayor Dinkins get off offending all those Catholic voters in an election year? William Buckley, Jr. got right to the heart o f the matter in a recent column. He noted that the Catholic vote in New York City was more than 35% of the total vote... [Read more...]The Courage to speak bluntly
Dr. Irene lmpellizzeri offered these remarks before the Cathedral Club of the diocese of Brooklyn, N.Y. on May 18, 1992. Irene lmpellizeri is a member of the New York City School Board, a champion of sound public education and an outspoken critic of school policies which undercut parental responsibility. For her courage to speak bluntly on these important... [Read more...]Pro-life activists are not the KKK
High Court rules… On January 13, 1993, the Supreme Court ruled in Bray v. Alexandria Women's Health Cinic that the Ku Klux Klan Act is not applicable to pro-life activists engaged in Operation Rescue. The federal statute at issue was 42 U.S.C. section 1985 (3) which was based on an Act passed in 1871 to protect blacks from the Ku Klux Klan... [Read more...]ABA moves against religious student groups while defections continue
The Law Student Division of the American Bar Association has proposed that law school chapters be denied funding and participation if they exclude persons on the basis of creed or sexual orientation. This latest bout of ABA dabbling in "political correctness" comes hard on the heels of the parent organization's embrace of the pro-abortion... [Read more...]The Freedom of Choice Act
Yet another look… In the aftermath of the Webster v. Reproductive Health Services decision in 1989, which permitted certain limited restrictions on abortion, Congress considered a "Freedom of Choice Act" (FOCA) which was designed to prevent any further intrusions on the "right" to choose abortion. Knowing full well that... [Read more...]"Sister Mary Ignatius" gets put in her place at Tufts
Tufts University President, John DiBiaggio, has publicly expressed his dismay after a campus production of "Sister Mary Ignatius Explains It All For You." After acknowledging the theatrical group's absolute right to produce the play "as an exercise of First Amendment freedom," he went on to express his "profound regret"... [Read more...]Groups seek end to Vatican ties
The New York Times reports that Americans United for Separation of Church and State are asking President Clinton to discontinue the practice of sending a U.S. representative to the Vatican. The United States extended full diplomatic relations to the Vatican during the Reagan administration following decades of informal representation. The current ambassador,... [Read more...]


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Today hip-hop artist Consequence unleashes a new mixtape, Movies On Demand, via his website itsthecons.com. Movies On Demand co-stars some of the most respected artists in the game: Kanye West, Common, Q-Tip, P. Diddy, Kid Cudi, Styles P, Maino, Spree Wilson, The Lox, John Legend, Talib Kweli, Pharoahe Monch, and Rick Ross. Asher Roth jumps on the single "Childish Games", and the video shot by Rik Cordero will premiere in the coming weeks.
This is just a taste of what's to come as Consequence is currently in the studio working on his highly anticipated album Cons TV. Executive produced by Q-Tip and Kanye West, it is set for release in 2010 on G.O.O.D. Music / Motown Universal.
Download Movies on Demand Mixtape Here [zip file]
"Childish Games ft. Asher Roth" – Single [Purchase on iTunes]
Consequence Official Website | Myspace | Twitter
Tracklisting After the Jump:
I'ma Do Me Regardless
Childish Games (co-starring Asher Roth)
The More I Get (co-starring Rick Ross)
Sounds G.O.O.D. 2 Me
Let U Live (co-starring Pharoahe Monch)
Your Luck's Gonna Run Out Soon
Don't Stand So Close (co-starring Styles P)
Down This Road (co-starring Maino)
Life Is Short
Didn't Mean 2 Hurt You (co-starring Spree Wilson)
It's G.O.O.D. Music (co-starring Common & Talib Kweli)
We Fight / We Love (Remix, Q-Tip & Kanye West)
Whatever You Want G.O.O.D. vs. Bad Megamix (co-starring Kanye West, P. Diddy, Common, Kid Cudi, The Lox & John Legend)
Executive Producers: Dexter Mills & Damon Huggins
Production by: Kanye West, Q-Tip, Statik Selektah, Lee Bannon, Clinton Sparks, Mr. Attic & Ed Roc
All scratches by: Statik Selektah


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At U Fools
Phyllis Seliner
From: "PHYLLIS SELINER" <firstname.lastname@example.com>
To: "Positive Atheism" <firstname.lastname@example.com>
Cc: <email@example.com>
Subject: Positive_Atheism_Letters_Section
Date: Wednesday, January 17, 2001 6:12 AM
um im 16 years old and I am laughing at you for believing in evolution.Evolution goes agaist pure science hmm try looking up the FIRST AND SECOND LAW OF THERMODYNAMICS.u might learn something there smart guy.Im sorry but im not gonna believe that i came from a rock.Satan is looking down at u evolutionist and laughing at u fools for believing this lie, but he doesnt care he will use anything to make u go to hell. think about this. where did love come from? happieness?emotion?i dont think that rocks have THE ABILITY TO LOVE.the real reason u r an athiest is because u want to live in your sin.give me evidence.please im dieing for 1 bit.r u gonna tell me about Nebraska man?:Built a ape man and wife from a tooth, ACTUALLY A PIGS TOOTH. lol.wont work.Piltdown man?: diliberate fraud.Neanderthal man?BENT OVER SKELETON OLD MAN WITH ARTHRITUS, going down not up.Lucy? Donald Johnson-femur was angled.Any tree monkey has a angled femur.sorry no im just not stupid.Bye the way why is killing chicken wrong but not killing humans. killing humans isnt wrong according to evolution i mean it would just be killing a higher evolved species member?By the way what is wrong? Bet u cant tell me.bye now:) jk
From: "Positive Atheism Magazine" <firstname.lastname@example.com>
To: "PHYLLIS SELINER" <email@example.com>
Cc: <firstname.lastname@example.com>; <email@example.com>
Subject: Re: Positive_Atheism_Letters_Section
Date: Wednesday, January 17, 2001 8:02 AM
Please forward this to the abuse team; this is informational only.
Please send no more abusive material to our domain.
We are an anti-discrimination organization, and we take all expressions of bigotry against atheists very seriously.
If you cannot be polite and write in a respectable manner, we will ask your server's abuse team to filter your e-mail account.
= = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = =
1. Explain to me how evolution contradicts the first law of thermodynamics.
2. Explain to me how evolution contradicts the second law of thermodynamics.
I'll bet you can't even state the first and second laws of thermodynamics, much less explain them. You certainly cannot show how the theory of evolution violates these laws because one of the most striking facts about the theory of evolution is that it fits right in with both laws in remarkable harmony.
3. List for me all the evolutionists who think that we came from rocks.
(Name for me any evolutionist who teaches that we came from rocks!)
4. Explain how evolution makes it not wrong to kill humans.
You see? It is you who are lying to me! You have misrepresented the laws of thermodynamics and you have lied about what evolutionists teach. You also portrayed us as evil -- killers -- just because we accept the theory of evolution as the most likely explanation for human origins!
Not only that, it was the piltdown man which was a hoax, not the Nebraska man!
Go ahead and believe whatever things you want to believe (whatever those little Jack T. Chick comic books tell you to believe, I guess). We don't care what you believe or why. But please do so within the privacy of your own imagination and leave us alone. The point of this website is not to argue about God or evolution but to combat the bigotry which we atheists endure at all levels of our existence. We don't understand why anybody would be as spiteful as you have been in this letter, but we don't have to understand it, because our job is to combat it.
Cliff Walker
"Positive Atheism" Magazine
Five years of service to
people with no reason to believe
From: "PHYLLIS SELINER" <email@example.com>
To: <firstname.lastname@example.com>
Cc: <email@example.com>
Subject: IN_GOD_WE_TRUST_On_Our_Money_9990
Date: Wednesday, January 17, 2001 6:23 AM
So u r saying that in dick u trust?lol bitch
From: "Positive Atheism Magazine" <firstname.lastname@example.com>
To: <email@example.com>
Cc: <email@example.com>
Subject: Abusive e-mail from IOL: request for filter
Date: Wednesday, January 17, 2001 8:37 AM
Please forward this to the Integrity Online Abuse Team:
We are an organization dedicated to fighting bigotry and expressions of hatred toward people who are not religious. Hatred toward atheists and other non-Christians is very widespread in the United States. This problem is particularly fierce against atheists, who are, as a class, more widely and viciously despised even than even homosexuals.
Thus, we, as an anti-bigotry group, are forced to take any and all expressions of bigotry and hatred leveled against us very seriously.
Below and attached are two e-mails we received from the Integrity Online domain. We responded to the first with a request to stop (and CCed a copy to your webmaster for informational purposes only).
Now that the hateful e-mail continues (and the spitefulness escalates), we must request that a filter be placed on the account
so that no more e-mail from that account can reach any address within the positiveatheism.org domain.
If I have not heard from you within one week, I will follow up with a telephone call.
Cliff Walker
"Positive Atheism" Magazine
Five years of service to
people with no reason to believe
Material by Cliff Walker (including unsigned editorial commentary) is copyright ©1995-2006 by Cliff Walker. Each submission is copyrighted by its writer, who retains control of the work except that by submitting it to Positive Atheism, permission has been granted to use the material or an edited version: (1) on the Positive Atheism web site; (2) in Positive Atheism Magazine; (3) in subsequent works controlled by Cliff Walker or Positive Atheism Magazine (including published or posted compilations). Excerpts not exceeding 500 words are allowed provided the proper copyright notice is affixed. Other use requires permission; Positive Atheism will work to protect the rights of all who submit their writings to us.


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Police officers with strong binoculars search the oceanfront at Beach 90 Street on Tuesday afternoon, looking for a surfer who was reported in deep water and heading for the jetty at about 5 p.m. A police department helicopter works further out searching in vain for the reported missing surfer. It later turned out that the man had come out of the water on his own further west and was not in danger. For more photos of the emergency response, see page 67. Photo by Howard Schwach.
Copyright 1999 - 2016 Wave Publishing Co. All Rights Reserved


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Keyword Results for 'penthouse'
Penthouse Australia's Twitter handle hacked Mar 12, 3:31 pm
Melbourne, Mar. 12 (ANI): Penthouse Australia's Twitter account has been hacked.
Pharrell Williams to sell Miami penthouse for $10.9m Dec 2, 12:38 pm
London, Dec. 2(ANI): Pharrell Williams has got money on his mind, as he has put his Miami penthouse up for sale and wishes to bag 10.9million dollars for it.
Bernard Tomic issues apology post Miami hotel arrest Jul 18, 11:28 am
London, July 18 (ANI): Australian tennis player Bernard Tomic has issued an apology after he was charged with resisting arrest and trespassing by the Miami Beach Police.
Wellington, May 25 (ANI): Luxury is definitely the perfect word for Paul McCartney's new 21.2 million dollars' NYC penthouse apartment as it comes with some swanky features.
Demi Moore seeking $75M for NYC penthouse Apr 19, 8:39 am
New York, Apr 19 (ANI): Demi Moore reportedly wants 75 million dollars for her Central Park-adjacent New York City penthouse in the iconic San Remo.
Jon Bon Jovi's SoHo penthouse to be sold for $37.5M Apr 16, 2:05 pm
New York, April 16 (ANI): Jon Bon Jovi is selling his SoHo penthouse for 37.5 million dollars.
Washington, Mar 7 (ANI): Madonna is buying a massive two-story mega-retreat perched atop a soaring Tel Aviv skyscraper in Israel, it has been reported.
Gazza is a classical music fanatic too! Aug 17, 5:04 pm
London, Aug 17 (ANI): Former England international Paul Gascoigne, popularly known as Gazza, is reportedly so keen for his new neighbours to accept him that he is blasting classical music at posh neighbourhood from his lavish penthouse.
London, June 02 (ANI): Former England international Paul Gascoigne, popularly known as 'Gazza', has reportedly moved into a millionaire's playground and renting a penthouse apartment worth 3 million pounds.
London, Apr. 27 (ANI): British footballer Nile Ranger has reportedly been caught on CCTV while punching a defenceless woman in the face before smashing down a door outside his penthouse flat.
Michael Douglas, Catherine Zeta-Jones 'back together' Jan 5, 10:42 am
London, Jan 5 (ANI): Michael Douglas and Catherine Zeta-Jones are reportedly back together, as they celebrated Christmas and New Year together along with their children at their New York country house, Manhattan penthouse and went on a skiing holiday in Canada.
London, December 1 (ANI): Michael Douglas reportedly goes to his estranged wife Catherine Zeta-Jones' penthouse overlooking Central Park every day, to make breakfast pancakes for his two children.
US man posts ad online in search of 'naked roommate' Nov 25, 10:59 am
Melbourne, Nov. 25 (ANI): A US man has posted an ad online in order to look for a new roommate for his penthouse in Washington DC for just 1 dollar per month, but the new tenant has to stay "naked in the house".
Madonna's 'naughty' naked pics up for grabs Oct 28, 9:56 am
London, Oct 28 (ANI): Madonna's naked photographs from a 1977 photoshoot are set to be auctioned online on November 9.
London, Sept 25 (ANI): Hugh Hefner's former butler has claimed that he was fired by his employer for "an intrusion on his personal life", a previously unpublished interview has revealed.
Sex fails to sell for 'bankrupt' Penthouse Sep 18, 10:49 am
Melbourne, Sept. 18 (ANI): FriendFinder Networks, publisher of the Penthouse Magazine and various adult entertainment sites, has filed for Chapter 11 bankruptcy protection.
Washington, August 1 (ANI): Adult magazines like Playboy and Penthouse will no longer be sold on Army or Air Force military bases, as their sales have declined 86 percent since 1998, it has been revealed.
Lady Gaga moves into $22 thousand a month penthouse Jun 28, 11:35 am
New York, June 28 (ANI): Lady Gaga has reportedly moved into a luxury penthouse in the Big Apple's 40 Central Park, South building, in New York.
LiLo not staying with mum Dina at Long Island home Feb 9, 3:54 pm
New York, Feb 9 (ANI): Lindsay Lohan is not staying at her mother Dina Lohan's Long Island home as was previously reported, but is sharing a Manhattan penthouse with a gal pal.
Arnie's 'sex act' pic worth at least $150k Feb 1, 11:51 am
Washington, Feb. 1 (ANI): A popular porn site has offered 150,000 dollars to acquire the contents of Penthouse founder Bob Guccione's storage locker, which includes an illicit photo of a young Arnold Schwarzenegger engaged in a sexual encounter.
Arnie's 'sex act' pic found in Penthouse founder's locker Jan 30, 1:08 pm
Washington, Jan. 30. (ANI): Arnold Schwarzenegger has been thrust into an old sex scandal after a photo from his early days performing a sex act has been found in a storage space owned by late Penthouse founder Bob Guccione.
London, Jan 22 (ANI): After passing away last November from a year long battle with cancer, Larry Hagman's estates in Santa Monica and Ojai, California have been sitting unused.
London, Oct 7 (ANI): Nicole Scherzinger and Lewis Hamilton, who were on the verge of a break up after the F1 ace enjoyed a champagne fuelled penthouse party with 10 women, took to their individual Twitter accounts on Saturday to support each other.
Most expensive apartment in US listed for $100m Jul 31, 5:15 pm
New York, July 31 (ANI): You can be the proud owner of the most-expensive apartment in the United States - a triplex, wrap-around penthouse on W. 56th Street - if you have 100 million dollars to spare.
London, July 14 (ANI): Nicole Scherzinger has vowed to stand by her boyfriend Lewis Hamilton over his 5am penthouse partying with ten girls.
- Betting on Tendulkar's 100th international century crosses Rs.2 billion mark
- 'Gold-obsessed' Aliens using Earth as 'battlefield'
- Smartphone app allows watching football matches minutes after game commencement
- Oz head cricket coach Arthur confident of win over Kiwis, without star players
- Brit women top obesity league in Europe


text: Sugar, spice, and everything nice! This sexy dress is everything you want and more. Its great for those fun nights out with your girls or those hot dates with your hubby! Dont let this sizzling hot dress pass you by! Its a must have for your collection of dresses! Featuring sleeveless style, round neckline, short length, cartoon princess print, and finished with a relaxed fit. 88% polyester 12% spandex. Style: clothing-dress-ami88-ly005-dpinkmulti


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Just having meals or drinks in the cozy and beautiful atmosphere is indeed everyone's dream. Moreover, the menus presented are special and will definitely elevate a very interesting experience. In the tourist area of Sanur Beach, the 1688 Beach Bar at Inna Grand Bali Beach (IGBB) offers all of them. Beautiful sunrise, fishing activities to intimate setting at the international village can spice up the menus offered. Moreover, the concept of drinking and dining arranged in a relaxed ambience makes visitors feel the freshness of sea breezes, watch the waves and beautiful overlay of the white sandy beach.
The 1688 Beach Bar is open every day from 10:00 a.m. until 10:00 p.m. It is situated in the Garden Wing Area of the IGBB and actually on verge of the beach. It is the most exciting place to drink. Accompanied with melodious sound of music, a variety of beverages ranging from soft drinks, cocktails to some others can be enjoyed in more absorbing atmosphere. One of the favorite beverages is the Special Mohito denoting a perfect blend of Bardi, brown sugar, lime slice and soda. Nevertheless, the 1688 Beach Bar also provides a variety of unique and delicious cuisines. Among the specials menus on offer, the Lamb Chop and Pork Rib are the most sought-after by tourist. Additionally, a variety of pizzas, flour-coated calamari and raw chopped sambal are very special for tourists.
This restaurant indeed has many customers. Tourists from various countries, especially from Europe and Australia like best drinking at this venue. Moreover, on Wednesdays the restaurant presents a live quartet, so the 1688 Beach Bar is never quiet. (BTN/015)


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Safety Policies & Forms
Safety Policies:Safety Policies
Training Resources:
1. OSHA Fact Sheet - Training Requirements
2. Revised Hazard Communication Standard
3. ADOSH GHS Presentation
4. HazCom GHS Poster with Pictograms
5. Sample SDS Gasoline,Unleaded
6. Understanding GHS Safety Data Sheets (SDS's)
7. Understanding the GHS Labeling System for Containers
MSDS Master List:
The MSDS Master List is in Excel format.
Internet Explorer: To download the Excel file using Internet Explorer, click the link below and when the dialogue box appears choose Save to save the file to your computer for your use.
Chrome: To download the Excel file using Chrome, click the link below and the downloaded file should appear in the lower left corner. You can click on the downloaded file from here to open it and save it to your computer for your use.
|Download MSDS Master List
Incident Reports:
Toolbox Talks:
Chapter 01 - Caught In Between
Chapter 02 - Electrical
Chapter 03 - Environment
Chapter 04 - Excavations
Chapter 05 - Falls
Chapter 06 - Health Hazards
Chapter 07 - Highway Hazards
Chapter 08 - Scaffolds And Ladders
Chapter 09 - Steel
Chapter 10 - Struck By


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Lost & Found Pets
Have you lost or found a pet?
Each year, Peninsula Humane Society & SPCA reunites thousands of stray pets with their human companions.
If you have lost an animal, please go to the Animal Control shelter located at 12 Airport Blvd. in San Mateo or call 650.340.7022 x338 for help.
Keep in mind that the Peninsula Humane Society & SPCA cannot confirm your pet's identity over the phone. It is their policy to hold an animal that arrives with identification for 7 days before they will evaluate it for adoption. Animals with no identification are held for the state-mandated 4 day period (excluding the day they arrive) before they consider if the animal is adoptable.
You can pick up the helpful brochure "When You've Lost Your Companion Animal" and the free Lost Animal templates at the Peninsula Humane Society & SPCA. To increase the chance that your animal will be returned, you can fill out the template and post it in areas of your neighborhood allowed under County/city ordinances.
Having your pet microchipped is a great, inexpensive way to ensure that he or she has permanent identification. Microchipping is included with the cost of every adoption, and is also available to the general public on a drop-in basis at the Animal Control shelter located at 12 Airport Blvd. in San Mateo. A chip the size of a grain of rice containing a serial number is injected just under the skin between the animal's shoulder blades. The process in simple, and painless - much like a needle prick that humans feel. The Peninsula Humane Society & SPCA can scan all animals for a microchip and if an animal has been chipped, they will have information about its human caregiver. The cost is $30, or $12 for those living in the unincorporated areas of the County, Belmont, San Mateo and East Palo Alto.
County licenses can be purchased online or mail by going to PetData, Inc. You can also purchase a license in person at the Health System located at 225 37th Avenue, Room 11 in San Mateo or by going to the Animal Control shelter at Coyote Point 12 Airport Blvd. in San Mateo. To obtain a license, you must provide proof of your pet's vaccinations. Licensing Application
Peninsula Humane Society & SPCA
12 Airport Blvd., San Mateo, CA 94401
(650) 340-7022 - Hours 11-7 Monday-Friday, and 11-6 Saturday and Sunday
PetData, Inc. 1(866) 925-5906
Animal Control & Licensing
225 37th Avenue, Room 11, San Mateo, CA 94403
650.573.3726 - Hours 8-5 Monday, Tuesday, Wednesday, and Friday and 8-4 Thursday


text:
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Heirloom Seed Kit - Vegetable
Brand: Franchi Sementi
Product Code: 504
Availability: In Stock
Product Code: 504
Availability: In Stock
Price: $18.00
This beautiful Heirloom Seed Kit features 5 packets of our Franchi non GMO, open pollinated heirloom seeds - Radish, Lettuce, Carrots, Beans and Peas - Plus Planting instructions and recipe. Makes a fantastic gift for anyone - even those without a green thumb!


text:
Skydiving.com now has a network skydiving location serving Brownsville and Linn County in Oregon. Call Skydiving.com at 1-800-617-7948 for details, free information and specials on skydiving in Brownsville, OR today!
Popular Tags for Skydiving Brownsville:
Skydiving Brownsville, Skydiving in Brownsville, Sky Diving Brownsville, Skydive Brownsville OR, Skydiving 97327, Brownsville Skydiving, Skydiving Brownsville Oregon, Skydiving near Brownsville, Skydiving in Brownsville Oregon, Brownsville Sky Diving, Skydive 97327, Skydiving Brownsville OR, Skydive Brownsville, Skydiving Linn County, Skydive in 97327, Skydiving OR, Sky Diving Brownsville OR, Brownsville, Oregon
Sign up for our newsletter and receive updatesand specials on skydiving across America!


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Skydiving.com now has a network skydiving location serving Vicksburg and Kalamazoo County in Michigan. Call Skydiving.com at 1-800-617-7948 for details, free information and specials on skydiving in Vicksburg, MI today!
Popular Tags for Skydiving Vicksburg:
Skydiving Vicksburg, Skydiving in Vicksburg, Sky Diving Vicksburg, Skydive Vicksburg MI, Skydiving 49097, Vicksburg Skydiving, Skydiving Vicksburg Michigan, Skydiving near Vicksburg, Skydiving in Vicksburg Michigan, Vicksburg Sky Diving, Skydive 49097, Skydiving Vicksburg MI, Skydive Vicksburg, Skydiving Kalamazoo County, Skydive in 49097, Skydiving MI, Sky Diving Vicksburg MI, Vicksburg, Michigan
Sign up for our newsletter and receive updatesand specials on skydiving across America!


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Along the same vein of another question I've posted is another question that merges group theory with number theory. I havn't taken a formal course on group theory, and is likely why I'm stumped at these questions posed from elementary number theory. The question goes as
Let $p$ be an odd prime and $g$ a generator of the group $(\mathbb{Z}/p \mathbb{Z})^*$. I need to show that either $g$ or $g+p$ is a generator of $(\mathbb{Z}/p^2 \mathbb{Z})^*$
I'm not sure where to begin. Just need a push in the right direction.


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For more tailgating news, visit our good friends at Vikings Tailgate.com
Below you will find maps to the Tailgate Lots, Metrodome and Metrodome Seating Chart.
Vikings Tailgating Lots
Click the map for a large view of the entire area and a printable map.
Google Earth Map of Tailgate Lots
Directions to Vikings Tailgate Lots
Purple Tailgate 1 - 700 4th Street South, Purple Tailgate 2 - 301 Portland Avenue, Purple Tailgate 3 - 500 4th Street South. Tailgating is allowed and encouraged on all three lots, however only Purple Tailgate 3 lot is designed to accommodate RVs, Busses, and oversized vehicles. All three lots are adjacent to or very close to MOA Field.
From the East : Traveling westbound on I-94, take the 5th Street exit into downtown Minneapolis. Proceed down 5th Street where, at Park Avenue, take a right and the parking will be up one block.
From the North : Traveling southbound on I-35W take the Washington Ave S exit. Turn right and proceed down Washington Ave S, take left on Portland and proceed 1.5 blocks to parking lots.
From the West : Traveling eastbound on Highway 12 as it becomes I-394 east, take the 6th street exit into downtown Minneapolis. Proceed down 6th street through downtown Minneapolis. At 5th Avenue South take a left. Proceed to 4th Street South and take a right.
From the South : Traveling northbound on I-35W, take the 5th avenue exit into downtown Minneapolis. Proceed down 5th Avenue to 4th Street. Parking lots are on the right.
From the Northwest : Traveling eastbound on I-94, take the 4th Street exit into downtown Minneapolis. Proceed down 4th Street through downtown Minneapolis to 5th Avenue. Parking ramps are located across 5th Avenue at Portland & Park.
From the Southeast : Traveling northbound on Highway
52/55, take I-494 west-bound to I-35W. Proceed north on I-35W and exit
on 5th Avenue into downtown Minneapolis. Follow 5th Avenue to 6th
Street. Parking ramps are on 6th Street, at 5th Avenue and Park Avenue.
Metrodome Map
Click the map for a large view of the entire area and a printable map.
Metrodome Seating Chart
Click the map for a large printable version.


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Documentaries deliver some of the most powerful stories around if the focus on the subject matter is dealt with properly. The latest Rewind This! doesn't take on any poignant issue, but instead takes a nostalgic journey to the world of the VHS and the history and importance of them.
Rewind This! takes viewers back to the 1980s, where the videocassette recorder redefined popular culture. With it, the film and television media were never the same as the former gained a valuable new revenue stream and popular penetration while the latter's business model was forever disrupted. This film covers the history of the device with its popular acceptance opening a new venue for independent filmmakers and entrepreneurs. In addition, various collectors of the now obsolete medium and its nostalgically esoteric fringe content are profiled as well. This is one of those films that is that will hit home more with those that grew up with the VHS boom. Back in the day there was nothing more exciting than realizing you could now bring the movies you love home with you. This film takes viewers on a nostalgic journey to a time when movies meant something and the technology to bring them home was like nothing we had seen. The film is well-crafted to not only entertain with some awesomely cheesy film clips, but also great information on what happened in the industry as well as some intriguing people still obsessed with it all. In addition it brings up a lot of valid arguments of how VHS not only saved film but brought us numerous classics that would have likely been lost.
This is one of the most nostalgic and fun documentaries to come along in years. It serves as not only a trip back for fans of movie and the home video boom, but a history lesson to those who weren't there to learn what they may laugh at now paved the way for what they have today. Rewind This! is a must see documentary for any fan of film so be sure to grab your copy when it hits shelves on January 14th.


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Just wanted to say: You are my HERO if you managed to nurse at all!Ā
Just had a single baby boy about 1 month ago and while the actual nursing is GREAT, the wrangling of the toddlers while I nurse is incredibly hard. I am completely impressed that you could even manage to fight through latching/supply issues with two while your toddlers paint each other in toothpaste and smear vaseline on a pumpkin.Ā You're incredible for just trying.
That's all: just wanted to say you're fantastic :)


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|ARPANET 1970s
- Timeline
- Internet History
- - Prelude 1950-65
- - - Paul Baran
- - Birth of ARPANET 1969
- - ARPANET 1970s
- - Internet 1980s
- - 1990s
- - World Wide Web
- - VoIP
- - Backbone
- - Internet2
- - Reference
- - 1990s
- - World Wide Web
- - VoIP
- - Backbone
- - Internet2
- - Reference
- Telephone
- Telegraph
- Wireless / Radio
- Common Carrier
- - Communications Act
- - Telecom Act
- - Hush a Phone
- - Computer Inquiries
- - Digital Tornado 1997
- - Steven Report 1998
- - Broadband
- - Universal Service
- - VoIP
- - Mergers
- - Network Neutrality
UCLA operates the ARPANet NOC
March: ARPANet connects from West Coast to East Coast at BBN. [Roberts, Net Chronology][Abbate p 64]
Lawrence G. Roberts & Barry D. Wessler, Computer Network Development to Achieve Resource Sharing, in Proceedings of AFIPS Spring Joint Computer Conference (AFIPS Press, 1970).
ARPA's contract with BBN to build IMPs is extended. [Nerds p 100]
Host to Host
TCP/IP v4
1983 - ??
1996 - ??
Steve Crocker recounts that while they were given this IMP to operate, they kept expecting at some point someone would show up and tell them what they should be doing; they never did show up. While awaiting for direction, it was decided that they needed some system of tracking and recording their work. To that end, Crocker created the Network Working Group (NWG), the forerunner of the IETF in 1986. NWG meets in Atlanta [Padlipsky] [Salus p 29]
Crocker was concerned that the act of writing things down would be an assertion of authority. To emphasize that these were not official decrees, the documents produced by this body came to be known as Requests for Comment. Crocker figured that this would go on for a few months until Washington DC stepped in and told them what to do.
Vint Cerf: "we were just rank amateurs, and we were expecting that some authority would finally come along and say, "Here's how we are going to do it." And nobody ever came along, so we were sort of tentatively feeling our way into how we could go about getting the software up and running." [Cerf, Oral History 1990]
Steve Crocker leading, releases the Network Control Protocol (NCP), the initial host-to-host protocol. [ISOC] [Roberts, Net Chronology] [Abbate p 68] This will become the Internet Configuration Control Board.
"NCP relied on ARPANET to provide end-to-end reliability. If any packets were lost, the protocol (and presumably any applications it supported) would come to a grinding halt. In this model NCP had no end-end host error control, since the ARPANET was to be the only network in existence and it would be so reliable that no error control would be required on the part of the hosts." [ISOC]
- RFC 33; Crocker, S.; Carr, S.; Cerf, V.; New HOST-HOST Protocol ; 12 Feb 1970.
- RFC 36; Crocker, S.; Protocol Notes ; 16 Mar 1970 .
- RFC 78; Harslem, E.; Heafner, J.; White, J.; NCP Status Report: UCSB/RAND; Nov 1970.
Xerox PARC established. Robert Taylor moves to Xerox PARC. [Markoff Dec. 20, 1999]
July: Norman Abramson builds ALOHANet, using DARPA and NAVY funding. [Nerds 2.0.1] ARPA provides a Terminal Interface Processor to ALOHANet [Nerds p 103] [Roberts, Net Chronology] [Abbate p 115]
Stu Mathison, Phil Walker, and Barry Wessler meet during the summer to discuss building a commercial network based on ARPANET technology (will become Telenet) [History of Telenet p 29]
Steve J. Lukasik becomes director of ARPA. He will leave ARPA in 1975 and he will join the FCC as Chief Technologist in 1979. [Lukasik]
Roberts intended a two phase start to the ARPANET:
- Phase One: started in 1969 as Initial Research and Experimental Use, with the original 14 nodes and about 2000 people." These ARPA-funded researchers were engaged in Computer System Architecture, Information System Design, Information Handling, Computer Augmented Problem Solving, Intelligent Systems, and Computer Networks. "The major use they will make of the network is the sharing of software resources and the educational experience of using a wider variety of systems than previously possible." A major purpose in this phase is the experiment of the network itself, with Stanford operating the NIC, gathering and monitoring network information.
- Phase Two: intended to initiate after November 1970 to open the network up to the external research community use, expanding the network to about 20 notes. This would open the ARPANET to additional ARPA funded researchers in the areas of Behavioral Science, Climate Dynamics and Seismology.
[Roberts Wessler 1970]
1400 Wilson Blvd, Rosslyn, Arlington, Virginia, was the home of ARPANET from 1970 to 1975. This historic marker was installed in 2011 on the sidewalk outside the old ARRPANET building. It reads:
"The ARPANET, a project of the Advanced Research Projects Agency of the Department of Defense, developed the technology that became the foundation for the Internet at this site from 1970 to 1975. Originally intended to support military needs, ARPANET technology was soon applied to civilian uses, allowing information to be rapidly and widely available. The Internet, and services such as e-mail, e-commerce and the World Wide Web, continues to grow as the under-lying technologies evolve. The innovations inspired by the ARPANET have provided great benefits for society."
The binary sign spells out "ARPANET." Pictured are (Left to Right) Robert Young; Christopher Zimmerman, chair of the Arlington County Board; George Lawrence; Steve Lukasik, former ARPA director; Eric Willis; and Francis Niedenfuhr. Picture was taken during an Arlington County Board ceremony.
19 nodes on ARPANet including UCLA, SRI, UCSB, Uni Utah, BBN, MIT, RAND, SDC, Harvard, Lincoln Lab, Stanford, U of Ill Urbana, Case Western Reserve, CMU, NASA-Ames [Hauben]
Steve Crocker joins IPTO as a program manager.
Larry Roberts wants to avoid DoD owning and operating the Internet. Therefore Roberts approaches AT&T offering it to them, offering to give them the network and have the USG as an anchor tenant customer. "AT&T could have owned the network as a monopoly service, but in the end declined." "They finally concluded that the packet technology was incompatible with the AT&T network," Roberts said. "AT&T would not build its first packet switched network until 1982. [History of Telenet p. 29]
"Bob Taylor also tried to talk to AT&T about the venture. "When I asked AT&T to participate in the ARPANet, they assured me that packet switching wouldn't work. So that didn't go very far." " [Nerds2.0 p 74] [Vanity Fair (quoting Bob Taylor, "Working with AT&T would be like working with Cro-Magnon man. I asked them if they wanted to be early members so they could learn technology as we went along. They said no. I said, Well, why not? And they said, Because packet switching won't work. They were adamant.")]
Larry Roberts said, "They wouldn't buy it when we were done. We had decided that it was best if industry ran it, because the government had done its experiment and didn't need to run it anymore. I went to AT&T and I made an official offer to them to buy the network from us and take it over. We'd give it to them basically. Let them take it over and they could continue to expand it commercially and sell the service back to the government. So they would have a huge contract to buy service back. And they had a huge meeting and they went through Bell Labs and they made a serious decision and they said it was incompatible with their network. They couldn't possibly consider it. It was not something they could use. Or sell." [Nerds p 109] [See also Vanity Fair (quoting Baran " The one hurdle packet switching faced was AT&T. They fought it tooth and nail at the beginning. They tried all sorts of things to stop it.")]
"Roberts discussed the issue with Bernie Strassburg, Chief of the Common Carrier Bureau of the FCC. Strassburg advised that the best approach would be to form a new com pany and apply for an operating license from the FCC." [History of Telenet p. 29] This would be Telenet.
See Western Union's Decision not to buy the Bell telephone patents 1876.
Stephen Lukasik becomes Chief of ARPA. He was a major proponent of network research of of electronic mail. Would become FCC Chief Scientist in 1979.
Alex McKenzie took charge of the Network Control Center at BBN. He envisioned the ARPANET as a "computing utility." [Abbate p 65]
A Bhushan, RFC 114, A File Transfer Protocol (April 16, 1971)
T O'Sullivan, NWG RFC 158, TELNET Protocol (May 19, 1971)
Project Guttenberg is initiated with the posting of a copy of the Declaration of Independence to Michael Hart's site at the Uni of Illinois.
Computer History Museum
Robert Kahn leaves BBN, joins IPTO. [Kahn][Nerds p 109][Vanity Fair] [Waldrop 83]
Vint Cerf completes dissertation at UCLA in March, goes to Stanford to teach. [Cerf, Oral History 1990]
ARPA conducts Public demonstration of ARPANet at the IEEE International Computer Communications Conference (the ARPANet's coming out party) at the Washington Hilton Hotel [Babbage 25] [Nerds p 107] [Cerf, Oral History 1990] [Abbate p 79] Demonstration to AT&T reportedly failed but the demonstration to everyone else was successful and persuasive. [Vanity Fair quoting Metcalfe ("And I turned around to look at these 10, 12 AT&T suits, and they were all laughing. And it was in that moment that AT&T became my bête noire, because I realized in that moment that these sons of bitches were rooting against me.")] [Hauber] [Cerf 1995 ("Many skeptics were converted by witnessing the responsiveness and robustness of the system.")] After the success of the conference, network traffic increased 67% and continued strong growth thereafter. [Abbate p 79]
With the public demonstration of the ARPANET, the "experiment in packet switching" is established as a success. This marks the transition of the ARPANet from an experimental network to an operational network. [Abbate p 114]
Last Apollo flight to the moon [Apollo]
ARPA rechartered as DARPA, removing ARPA from the Office of the Secretary of Defense. [Hauber] [RFC 1000]
Cost of setting up an ARPANET node: $55k - $107k. [Abbate p 84]
J. Pickens, RFC 369, Evaluation of ARPANET Services; January through March 1972 (July 25, 1972)
Steward Brand, Spacewar: Fanatic Life and Symbolic Death Among the Computer Bums, Rolling Stone (Dec. 7, 1972) (includes good description of ARPANet)
October: BBN proposes setting up separate subsidiary to establish a commercial public packet switched network service. Formed the Telenet Communications Corporation. [History of Telenet p. 32]
Ray Tomlinson invents network email and adopts the "@" sign.
January: 35 nodes to network [Hauben] [History of Telenet p 29 (38 nodes by 1973)]
ARPANet connected to sites in Norway and England using Intelsat I satellite. [Hauben] [Abbate p 121]
CYCLADES network is demonstrated in France.
March: SRI initiates publication of the ARPANET News [Abbate p 87]
Oct: Larry Roberts leaves IPTO to become CEO of Telenet (first public commercial packet-switched network, a subsidiary of BBN). [Roberts, Net Chronology] [Abbate p 80] [Heart p 24 1990] [History of Telenet]
Robert Kahn becomes head of IPTO. [Kahn]
"Packet Communication by R. M. Metcalfe, MAC TR-114, Dec. 1973"
Federal Communications Commission
- Lee Talbert (formerly BBN), Ralph Alter, Steve Russell for Packet Communications Inc. (PCI) and in January 1973 apply for authorization from the FCC to build a public packet switched communications network. The application was approved in November, however, PCI was not able to raise sufficient funding to build out. [History of Telenet p. 32]
|While the ARPANET was restricted to ARPANET funded or affiliated sites at universities and contractors, once a connection was established, access to the connection was relatively open. "'Few system administrators tried to add access restrictions to the network commands. According to BBN's ARPANET Completion Report, "despite a deeply ingrained government and Defense Department worry about unauthorized use of government facilities, it was possible to build the ARPANET without complex administrative control over access or complex login procedures or complex accounting of exactly who was using the net for what.' BBN argued that this relax access policy made the system simpler and thus contributed to its quick and successful completion." [Abbate p 79]
Arthur C. Clarke Predicts the Internet & PC
Licklider returns as head of IPTO.
Steve Crocker leaves IPTO and returns to UCLA. [Salus p 29]
ARPANet in 1973 (image in NIH)
Ethernet Will Never Work - 1974 Xerox PARC memo...., Broadband Reports 6/13/2007
Larry Roberts, Data by the Packet, IEEE Spectrum Vol. 11, No. 2, pp. 46-51 (Feb. 1974)
Vinton Cerf, Yogen Dala, Carl Sunshine, RFC 675 - Specification of Internet Transmission Control Program (Dec. 1974) (2 8 host addresses / 2 4 net addresses)
"In 1974 Western Union was awarded a contract by DCA to develop a packet switching network called AUTODIN II. AUTODIN I, which has been leased to the government since the 60s, uses a message forwarding scheme." John Roberts, The Defense Data Network
1975 DCA Takes Over Operational Oversight of ARPANET
DCA Takes Control of ARPANET [Hauber]
Richard Barber, The Advanced Research Projects Agency, 1958-1974 (Defense Technical Information Center Dec 1975) (PDF)
"This historical evaluation of the Advanced Research Projects Agency (ARPA) as an R&D management institution was commissioned by ARPA in recognition of the fact that remarkably little in the way of an official recorded institutional memory had been established during its seventeen year lifetime. From Agency Directors to program managers, the turnover in its leadership has been rapid by most bureaucratic standards, thus eroding first hand knowledge of ARPA's role and activities rather quickly. Conceived as a unique management organization chartered to concentrate on advanced research within the Department of Defense, this very uniqueness has frequently been questioned. Virtually every ARPA Director, and most ARPA personnel at all levels, have encountered friendly and not-so-friendly why ARPA? and what is ARPA? questions throughout its history. This report seeks to explain some of the whys and whats. For the most part, the study ends in 1972 when ARPA was designated a Defense Agency. This date was arbitrarily chosen. In instances where events or programs started in earlier periods extend beyond 1972, they have been pursued a bit further for sake of completeness, but not past 1974."
SATNET initiated. First satellite network on the Internet. SATNET was DARPA-Sponsored. [RFC 2555] Connected Stanford US, University College London England and Norway. INTELSAT. Would be a part of a TCP/IP interconnectivity demonstration with ARPANET in 1977. [Living Internet TCP/IP] [Abbate p 121]
Telenet begins offering public packet-switched network service in seven cities. [Nerds p. 115] [Abbate p 80] [History of Telenet]
DECNet released [DECNet, CISCO]
"By mid-1975, DARPA had concluded that the ARPANET was stable and should be turned over to a separate agency for operational management. Responsibility was therefore transferred to the Defense Communications Agency (now known as the Defense Information Systems Agency)." [Cerf Com Com Nets] [Roberts, Net Chronology] Note, DISA's official history does not mention its role with the ARPANet. [DISA Our History] DCA will make the decision to migration ARPANet from NCP to TCP in 1980.
Stephen Lukasik leaves his position as Chief of ARPA. Joins FCC in 1979.
PRNET become operational in San Francisco. [Abbate p 118]
Licklider leaves ARPA again, succeeded by Col David Russell.
Queen of England sends email to her subjects celebrating the 25th anniversary of her coronation [Nerds p 113] (where Pres. Bush Jr when he came to office in 2000 indicated that he would refuse to use email) .
X.25 Standard adopted. [History of Telenet 38]
Cerf joins ARPA. [Nerds p 114] [Roberts, Net Chronology] [Waldrop 85]
- MERIT interconnects with Telenet. [Merit History]
- MFENet provides data links between Fusion Energy and Lawrence Livermore National Labs [ESNet History]
- Experimental Packet Switching Service, operated by the British Post Office, goes online. [History of Telenet 38]
1977 First Internet experimental demonstration
Internet Milestone - 30th Anniversary 3-Network Transmission
Computer History Museum (panel starts at min. 21)
111 Host computers connected to ARPANet. [Hauben]
OSI Subcommittee established. [Salus p 39]
Nov. 22 Cerf and Kahn demonstrate interconnection of networks using IP by interconnecting ARPANet, SatNet, Ethernet, and PRNET. Gateways supplied by BBN.. [Nerds p 113] [Cerf Com Com Nets] [Living Internet TCP/IP] [Cerf Crocker, Nov 2011, Smithsonian American Art Museum lecture] [Bob Kahn, the Bread Truck, and the Internet's First Communion, Wired Aug. 13, 2012] [Cerf 1995]
- Compuserv offers computer time sharing services
- BBN develops first Internet Routers in collaboration with Stanford. [BBN Timeline]
- Datapac (Canada) goes online [History of Telenet 38]
First BBS
IPv3 splits TCP and IP.
NTIA Dept of Commerce releases ARPANET Host to Host access and disengagement measurements , 78-3 May 1978
Clark and Cohen, Internet Engineering Note (IEN) 46 June 1978 A proposal for addressing and routing in the internet: "The current internet header has space to name 256 networks. The assumption, at least for the time being, is that any network entering the internet will be assigned one of these numbers. While it is not likely that a great number of large nets, such as the ARPANET, will join the internet, the trend toward local area networking suggests that a very large number of small networks can be expected in the internet in the not too distant future. We should thus begin to prepare for the day when there are more than 256 networks participating in the internet."
BBN demonstrates packet satellite communications. [BBN Timeline]
- Transpac (France) goes online [History of Telenet 38]
Robert Kahn succeeded David Russell as head of IPTO, would serve in that position until 1986. [Waldrop 85]
Vint Cerf at DARPA establishes the Internet Configuration Control Board (forerunner of the IETF; previously had been the Network Working Group). David Clark at MIT was named chair. [Great Moments] [Kessler] [Salus p 205] [Cerf 1160] [Kahn, Role of Govt]
USG announces OSI as a layered computing standard.
MUDs Multi User Dungeons
FCC Chair Ferris recruits S. J. Lukasik to be FCC Chief Scientist in the Office of Science & Technology (currently the Office of Engineering and Technology); Lukasik had been Chief of ARPA from 1971 to 1975. Lukaskik influences outcome of FCC Computer Inquiries. [M Marcus 2008] [Lukasik 1982]
- Compuserv's online service Compuserv Information Service begins to offer service
- NTT packet net goes online [History of Telenet 38]
It was clear that the Network Control Protocol would need to be revised in order to enable the ARPANet to interconnect with other, dissimilar networks. Cerf explained, "In defense settings, circumstances often prevented detailed planning for communication system deployment, and a dynamic, packet-oriented, multiple-network design provided the basis for a highly robust and flexible network to support command-and-control applications." [Cerf 1995] In 1972, Vint Cerf (Stanford; DARPA funding; Cerf had worked on the original NCP) and Bob Kahn (ARPA) released their paper on TCP, A Protocol for Packet Network Interconnection (distributed in 1973, published IEEE Transactions of Communications Technology 1974) [See also Vanity Fair (quoting Vint Cerf, "What Bob Kahn and I did was to demonstrate that with a different set of protocols you could get an infinite number ofwell, infinite is not true, but an arbitrarily large number ofdifferent heterogeneous packet-switched nets to interconnect with each other as if it was all one big giant network. TCP is the thing that makes the Internet the Internet.")] [RFC 675, Specification of Internet Transmission Control Program , December 1974] [Abbate p 113]
Cerf has been a graduate student of Kleinrock at UCLA. [Waldrop 84]
TCP would be broken into TCP/IP. That facilitated real time voice applications. TCP's error control protocols which caused packets to be resent was both unnecessary for real time voice and in fact got in the way. By separating TCP and IP, this allowed different error control protocols such as UDP which, if the packet is not delivered on time, just drops and does not retransmit the packet. [Vint Cerf, How the Internet Came to Be, NetValley Nov 20, 2006] "IP would be responsible for routing packets across multiple networks and TCP for converting messages into streams of packets and reassembling them into messages with few errors despite loss of packets the underlying network." [Denning 4] [Vint Cerf, TCP/IP Co Designer, Living Internet] [ISOC] [Roberts, Net Chronology] The phrase "Internet" was first used in RFC 675.[Roberts History s 6]
Further development of TCP/IP was funded by DARPA, with three contracts to Stanford, BBN, and UCL. [ISOC] Vint Cerf and others went through several versions: TCPv1; TCPv2; TCP/IPv3 (splitting TCP into TCP and IP), and, in 1978, they settled on IPversion4. [Living Internet TCP/IP]
TCP/IP was successfully used in 1977 to link together 4 networks.
IP as originally designed had an eight bit networking field which would be sufficient for at maximum 256 networks - it was believed at the time that this would be more than enough. [Nerds2.0 p 112] [Netvalle]
R. Kahn, Communications Principles for Operating Systems. Internal BBN memorandum, Jan. 1972.
Vint Cerf & Robert Kahn, A Protocol for Packet Network Interconnection, IEEE Transactions of Communications Technology (May 1974)
Vint Cerf, Yogen Dalal, Carl Sunshine, Specifications of Internet Transmission Control Protocol NWG RFC 675 (Dec. 1974)
IP Designed
Visionaries at US Department of Defense DARPA realized the value to the research community if computer networks could talk to each other - sharing resources and sharing research. In 1969, the DARPA funded ARPANet went online. Meanwhile, Vint Cerf and Bob Kahn set to work on developing a new protocol that would allow incompatible networks to talk with each other. This new protocol would be DUMB - it would just transmit data - you could run any application over it - you could layer it on top of any physical network. It would be a middle kludge that would hold everything together. In 1972, they release their paper on the Internet Protocol. In 1983, ARPANet formally migrated to IP and morphed into "The Internet."
The Internet technically the name of one network, which is the interconnected network which use the Internet protocol and have one common IP addressing scheme. The Internet is a subnetwork of routers that just route packets. Computing processing power was scarce; in order to maximize throughput, computer processing at the router would be as limited as possible. Routers dont process packets. They dont care if they are email packets, WWW packets, or the latest innovation's packets. They dont care if the packets came over cable, DSL, or fiber. They do not discriminate. Routers just route.
"Four ground rules were critical to Kahn's early thinking:
- "Each distinct network would have to stand on its own and no internal changes could be required to any such network to connect it to the Internet.
- "Communications would be on a best effort basis. If a packet didn't make it to the final destination, it would shortly be retransmitted from the source.
- "Black boxes would be used to connect the networks; these would later be called gateways and routers. There would be no information retained by the gateways about the individual flows of packets passing through them, thereby keeping them simple and avoiding complicated adaptation and recovery from various failure modes.
- "There would be no global control at the operations level." [ISOC]
Bob Kahn: "The idea of the Internet was that you would have multiple networks all under autonomous control. By putting this box in the middle, which we eventually called a gateway, it would allow for the federation of arbitrary numbers of networks without the need for any change made to any particular network. So if BBN had one network and AT&T had another, it would be possible to just plug the two together with a [gateway] box in the middle, and they wouldn't have to do anything to make that work other than to agree to let their networks be plugged in." [Nerds p 111]
"The Internet Protocol is designed to interconnect packet-switched communication subnetworks to form an internetwork. The IP transmits blocks of data, called internet datagrams, from sources to destinations throughout the internet. Sources and destinations are hosts located on either the same subnetwork or connected subnetworks. The IP is purposely limited in scope to provide the basic functions necessary to deliver a block of data. Each internet datagram is an independent entity unrelated to any other internet datagram. The IP does not create connections or logical circuits and has no mechanism to promote data reliability, flow control, dequensing, or other services commonly found in virtual circuit protocols." Military Standard Internet Protocol MIL-STD-1777 Sec. 4.1 (DOD DISA Aug 12, 1983)
"The Internet Protocol is designed for use in interconnected systems of packet-switched computer communication networks. Such a system has been called a "catenet" [1]. The internet protocol provides for transmitting blocks of data called datagrams from sources to destinations, where sources and destinations are hosts identified by fixed length addresses. The internet protocol also provides for fragmentation and reassembly of long datagrams, if necessary, for transmission through "small packet" networks." RFC 791, Internet Protocol: DARPA Internet Program Protocol Specification, Sec. 1.1 (Sept 1981) . See also RFC 760, DOD Standard: Internet Protocol Sec. 1.1 (Jan. 1980) ("This document specifies the DoD Standard Internet Protocol.") (same)
Brian Carpenter, RFC 1958, Architectural Principles of the Internet (June 1996) " 2.1 Many members of the Internet community would argue that there is no architecture, but only a tradition, which was not written down for the first 25 years (or at least not by the IAB). However, in very general terms, the community believes that the goal is connectivity, the tool is the Internet Protocol, and the intelligence is end to end rather than hidden in the network. The current exponential growth of the network seems to show that connectivity is its own reward, and is more valuable than any individual application such as mail or the World-Wide Web. This connectivity requires technical cooperation between service providers, and flourishes in the increasingly liberal and competitive commercial telecommunications environment. The key to global connectivity is the inter-networking layer. The key to exploiting this layer over diverse hardware providing global connectivity is the "end to end argument"."
"3.1 Heterogeneity is inevitable and must be supported by design. Multiple types of hardware must be allowed for, e.g. transmission speeds differing by at least 7 orders of magnitude, various computer word lengths, and hosts ranging from memory-starved microprocessors up to massively parallel supercomputers. Multiple types of application protocol must be allowed for, ranging from the simplest such as remote login up to the most complex such as distributed databases.
See also End to End design.
TCP is the error correction mechanism
- Assumption is that Internet is a shared resource.
- But when demand exceeds supply, need resolution. Technology community rely on technological solutions, not economic solutions.
- In the Internet, this is TCP.
- TPC has slow start up, ramping up packet transmission until packet lost, then backs up, then ramps up again till packet loss, and so on
- Resulting in TCP Fair
- Individual subscriber can have multiple TCP flows. Amount of TCP flow is not based on how much you used in the past few moments
- RFC 5290 Comments on the Usefulness of Simple Best Effort Traffic
- Not efficient or optimal. But a solution that has worked well for many years
Internet Design Principles
"These and other documents embody some value judgments and reflect the fundamental political and ethical beliefs of the scientists and engineers who designed the Internet: the Internet architecture reflects their desire for as much openness, sharing of computing and communications resources, and broad access and use as possible. For example, the value placed on connectivity as its own reward favors gateways and interconnections over restrictions on connectivity - but the technology can be used permissively or conservatively, and recent trends show both. Another value underlying the design is a preference for simplicity over complexity." - The Internet's Coming of Age, Computer Science and Telecommunications Board, National Research Council, p. 35 (National Academy Press 2001)


text:
I bought my dress from Arlet Bridal in Riverside, CA. The dress was beautiful and I was able to make payments. http://www.arletbridal.com/ this is their website. I am not sure who the Designer is, all I know is once I put it on it fit like a glove and I took it!
- Alterations: Nothing was altered with the dress when or after I bought it.
- Preservation Method: I have it stored in my dress bag, we had a small church wedding as I was pregnant and after the wedding I put it up and forgot, this being said it wasn't dry cleaned.
- Terms of Sale: All Sales Final
- Original Owner: Yes
- Has Original Receipt:
- Location: Moreno Valley, CA
- Will Ship to: Anywhere at Buyer Expense
- Payment Methods Accepted: Other
Please read our BUYER'S GUIDE before purchasing a dress online.


text:
When you begin to date a Dee jay, disc jockey, oh wait a turntablist; it has its ups & downs. A majority of women & men seem to think that it's just like any other normal relationship. It can be, if you know how to handle it. If you don't know how to trust then dating someone in this line of work is not recommended.
It takes a certain kind of endurance and maturity to be in such relationship/marriage. This is not a bold, sarcastic statement, merely the truth. This applies to either gender when the significant other is a Dee Jay although society has made it to seem as if it's only towards women. Hello; there are female Dee Jays out there that are also in relationships that go through the same kind of issues.
During the courtship all is bliss & one feels special somewhat "popular" in being the Dee Jay's partner. You have become that person "I'm with the D.J." unfortunately that is exactly what people label you to be. The D.J.'s private groupie.
People will always gossip, make comments, judge & whatnots. As long as you know what & where you stand with your partner that's all that should matter. Only both parties will know if the relationship will move forward & possibly turn into marriage. Never let the public interfere with that; keep what you treasure the most (your personal life between the two of you; PRIVATE.) That is essential!
However many times people seem to forget that you are your own person also. You can date whomever you choose to in the world, but never lose your identity as a human being while doing so.
Dating or marrying a Dee Jay can be wonderful because they are simply an ordinary person, just like anyone else, them being a "turntablist" doesn't define WHO they are it only shows WHAT they love to do. Society, social media, places can either make or break them. It all depends on the Dee Jay's behavior, respect they carry for themselves & their significant others.
If a Dee Jay chooses to disrespect the boundaries of trust then that should only be between the two parties involved not the entire club, party, social media etc. Trust is important in any & all relationships, when you're dating, living with or married to a DJ the bond of that trust shouldn't have to be difficult to uphold. It will either work for the two of you or won't.
Ladies: If your spouse is the DJ, clearly you understood this from the getgo. The club scene is part of the package along with photos you may or may not approve of. You accepted the lifestyle when he entered your life. You either trust in him & what you have or you don't. It's what they do; not who they are.
Men: If you're spouse is the Dee Jay. "DITTO"
It's that simple ladies & gentlemen. Love, Respect & Trust keep your DJ coming back to what everyone else is trying to seek; a loving happy home. Remember always you didn't choose the DJ at the club; the DJ chose you out of all of them…


text:
Anmol Sarna case: Delhi Police arrest six, say result of `bad trip` of drugs
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text:
Bios Password Reset
View Single Post
Light Poster
Thank you! Id like to try this. But, I have 2 quick questions:
1. Since I cant get pass the password prompt; Can I load the !BIOS on a thumb drive from mine, insert in his & reboot/ will his PC respond & run it?
2. I can't capture a view of his bios info., ref., that Ill need in the instruction. Ive tried every button & F# function at reboot & it just goes straight to the password prompt; since I have this other laptop, same model as his, can I input the bios info captured from mine? And, If question 1 is a yes, this question no I can't, will this step during the process keep me from proceeding without knowing the correct info.,?
Thank you again! Really! Thank you!