text:
1a. "If There Is No God, Why Have An Organization To Prove There Is No God?" [1]
Response by Cliff Walker
Short Answer:
Long Answer:
We do not associate together for the purpose of proving or disproving anything.
This is not the purpose of our organization -- or any atheistic organization, for that matter. Positive Atheism's target audience consists of atheists and those theists who wish to work toward the separation of state and church and toward dignifying atheism. True, we expose the sleight-of-hand persuasion techniques of the evangelists, but most atheists understand that you cannot prove the negative of an existential claim (a claim that something exists). We are satisfied that the burden of proof is upon the person making the claim; in this case, it is the ones claiming that gods and the supernatural exist who must demonstrate their theory.
Atheists do not "evangelize."
It is not our purpose here to do the atheist equivalent of evangelizing theists over to our point of view. Since we think the truth is self-evident, we are baffled as to why people, in C.E. 2000, would still believe in a book that represents the earth as flat and having a lid. [2] We are ready to give an answer to any valid question (one that make no false presuppositions), but it is not our purpose to convince anybody of anything. (Our only message along these lines would be to entities such as school boards who are considering the use of the book of Genesis as a teaching aid in the science, history and ethics classes.)
Besides, many of us have nothing to say to theists. At one end of the spectrum, Madalyn Murray O'Hair used to say, "If you are religious -- stay that way. You are not intellectually mature enough to join our ranks." [3] Most atheists are not this caustic about it, preferring, at most, simply to shake our heads and quietly hope that others might become free from theism. There are a few who think that one choice argument may cause someone immediately to abandon their deeply held, life-long, thoroughly ingrained religious beliefs. However, most of us know better than to think this is all it takes.
Almost all atheists have no problem with the private religious beliefs of anyone. However, when certain religious individuals and groups want the rest of us to live according to one specific interpretation of an ancient scroll, then everyone should turn white with fear. This is not just an atheist issue: often, though, atheists are the only ones who jump up and down about state-church separation and the intrusion of religion upon public life.
We desire to associate with others like ourselves.
The main purpose of any society of atheists is to communicate with others without having to associate with people who believe superstitious nonsense or who us on our lack of religious belief. As such, an atheist organization is seen by some an oasis, because during certain functions of various atheistic organizations, you must be a paid member to be there. Most atheists, though, do not join organizations and do not care what an individual believes. This is not how most of us determine who our friends will be.
Atheists often band together to advocate for separation of state and church and for civil rights for atheists.
Our most important message is the need to restore the wall of separation between state and church. The United States was founded as a secular nation with no religious tests. If Ralph Reed and his followers repeat, enough times, that "America was founded as a Christian nation," we fear that a critical mass of people may actually believe him and, for the first time in its history, turn the United States into a theocracy.
Throughout history, atheists have been banned, silenced, and killed for our position regarding religion. Atheistic programs were not allowed on radio or television until the 1960s. Since then, what few programs we do have are viciously opposed by the religious majority. Many of the atheistic books which are placed in public libraries are suspected to have been checked out and "lost" by our religious opponents, for the purpose of removing this information from circulation.
As recently as 1997, the State of South Carolina denied Herb Silverman's application for notary public-simply because he is an atheist. [4] Since 1868, the South Carolina Constitution has said, "No person who denies the existence of the Supreme Being shall hold any office under this Constitution." [5] At least six other states -- Arkansas, Maryland, North Carolina, Pennsylvania, Tennessee and Texas -- have similar clauses in their constitutions, but do not enforce them. Silverman prevailed in lower the courts, and prevailed again in the State's Supreme Court after South Carolina's Republican Governor David Beasley, who is a born-again Christian, appealed the ruling in order to protect the status quo of his religion. At the same time, Christians across the nation are hard at work trying to establish more rights for themselves, at the expense of non-Christians and, in some cases, Christians different from themselves.
No misrepresentation of our purpose will stop us from our work as activists.
Finally, the tone of your question prompts us to wonder about your motive behind the question. Implied in this tone is the suggestion that we are somehow "stooping" to fight something that does not exist. Are you suggesting, by this, that we abandon our efforts altogether? After all, what we oppose does not exist. As Madalyn Murray O'Hair once said to this notion, "I am more offended that you though I would fall for such a sophomoric attempt to delude." [6]
No. When we fight at all, we fight ideas: stupid ideas; harmful ideas. While we would never try to enact legislation that bars someone from freedom of speech and freedom to practice a religion in privacy, we feel duty-bound to speak out against the madness and destruction that is religious faith. "The god idea, the christian belief package, can be demonstrated as being harmful to individuals, to groups, to countries, to whole cultures, in all eras of humankind.... I am not fighting 'a god' that does not exist, I am -- rather -- engaged in an effort of trying to free the human mind of some unnatural restrictions which have been placed upon it." [7]
1b. "You Seem To Have A Lot Of Anger And Intolerance And Devotion For Something Which You Claim Does Not Exist."
Response by Matt Edwards
I do not have anger and intolerance for anything imaginary. This is the mistake Christians always make. Why would I bother trying to fight something that is just make-believe? No, I go after the people with the belief. They exist. They are my target.
But I do not hate the majority of them.
It is the fundamentalist leaders, the powerful Mafia bosses of Christianity, that I despise. They want to force their way on everyone. They want a theocracy despite the constitution. They want America to be Iran.
And I will die fighting that.
2. "It Takes Much More Faith Not To Believe In God Than It Does To Believe In God." [8]
Short Answer:
Long Answer:
Atheism is not a different variety of faith, but the absence of faith altogether.
We are not here talking of faithfulness as opposed to disloyalty, but faith as "being sure of what we hope for and certain of what we do not see." [9] The faith which is entirely absent from atheism is the faith that says, "Blessed are they who did not see, and yet believed," [10] and which boasts, "We live by faith, not by sight." [11] Such talk has no part in atheism.
Madalyn Murray-O'Hair said, "Gora [12] pointed out to me that just as the word 'independent' meant freedom from dependency, that I should emphasize that the word 'Atheist' meant freedom from theism." [13] In its positive sense, atheism is entirely different, as a system of thinking, from theism. Rest assured, however, that atheism is not faith. Saying that an atheist has faith betrays a misunderstanding of the traditional ideas both of faith and of atheism. Atheism is the absence of faith; atheism is freedom from faith.
To say that unbelief is a kind of faith is akin to slandering unbelievers. To us, "being certain of what we do not see" [14] is not a virtue. Many atheists see faith as a vice, a "habit of flouting reason in forming and maintaining one's answer to the question whether there is a god." [15] Zoologist Richard Dawkins doesn't mince words: "Faith is the great cop-out, the great excuse to evade the need to think and evaluate evidence. Faith is belief in spite of, even perhaps because of, the lack of evidence." [16]
To be fair, some theists assert that faith results, in part, from evidence, such as history and personal "religious experience." An atheist would surely put to the test any alleged evidence from history (particularly claims brought forth in an attempt to establish Christianity, Judaism, or Islam). If such evidence forces one to conclude that any of the above religions are true, an honest seeker would join that faith immediately. In lieu of compelling evidence, the reasonable position is to doubt the truthfulness of the claims.
Nobody, however, can dispute someone else's personal "religious experiences." Such experiences are entirely subjective, occurring exclusively to the person in question. Before a mystic can relate a subjective experience to another, he or she must leave, for a moment, the subjective state; the very discussion of subjective experiences occurs, like all communication, in the realm of objectivity. Thus, even to relate such an experience to another, one must defy the subjective state he or she is trying to describe. This is not unlike the solipsist (one who thinks himself is the only thing that exists) who attempts to persuade others of the truthfulness of solipsism. "Mystical experiences" have no meaning in any discussion of the objective validity of a religious claim.
Unable to demonstrate the superiority of faith, many theists reproach reason.
In lieu of proving the superiority of a model, it has become popular to derogate the opponent's model. Maybe this is a ploy to make faith appear less unrealistic by positing that "everyone has faith, even atheists have faith!"
Perhaps the theists who declare that "atheists have faith" unwittingly "reduce" atheism to the level of faith. People who talk this way are certainly trying to reduce atheism to some level! An insight made by H. L. Mencken, while covering the Scopes trial, reflects this practice: "The so-called religious organizations which now lead the war against the teaching of evolution are nothing more, at bottom, than conspiracies of the inferior man against his betters." [17]
Examining the illogic of our current question shows clearly that something like this is happening here. If faith is good, and if it "takes much more faith" to be an atheist than it does to be a theist, then (according to this illogic) atheistic "faith" would be superior to theistic faith. We cannot assume, however, that our inquirer advocates atheism over theism. Our alternative is to assume that this remark is designed to denigrate atheism. Thus our writer says that atheism requires "much more faith" -- meaning "much more credulity." The writer did not anticipate, however, that he would end up smearing faith itself by equating it with credulity!
In any event, it is dishonest to say on the one hand that reason alone is inferior to reason plus faith, and to say on the other hand that those who rely solely upon reason actually have faith.
The atheistic outlook requires thought, nerve, and diligence -- but not "more faith."
True, it requires diligent thought (but not "much more faith") to conclude, philosophically, that claims of gods and the supernatural are logical absurdities and physical impossibilities -- especially when one has been raised in a theistic atmosphere. It also takes a lot of nerve (but not "much more faith") to go against one's culture and upbringing. To think for oneself demands fortitude (not "much more faith"). Nobody will "deconvert" from the world-view of one's parents and culture without having thought long and hard about the issues and the consequences. In this sense, it is harder to be an atheist than it is to be a theist. However, faith is not an element in this struggle.
Many atheists prefer truth over comfort, and will follow truth wherever it may lead -- even at the expense of comfort (and sometimes even at the expense of life itself). To this effect, George Bernard Shaw wrote, "The fact that a believer is happier than a sceptic is no more to the point than the fact that a drunken man is happier than a sober one. The happiness of credulity is a cheap and dangerous quality." [18]
Finally, not all atheists are of the philosophical variety (those having chosen not to believe after much thought). Some of us are infants and some of us are imbeciles, and some of us are members of isolated tribes who do not have a god-belief built in to the tribal world-view. Others of us rejected the faith of our parents out of resentment toward the parents, not because we thought about it philosophically. The most common atheist is the one who rarely, if ever, thinks on the subject. They know they are not religious, but haven't taken the issue beyond that fact. The rest of us either have challenged the theistic traditions handed down to us and have rejected them on philosophical grounds, or were raised atheistic.
3. "Life Would Certainly Be Depressing And Meaningless If There Was No Hereafter." [19]
Does the fact that an idea makes you feel good make it true? What would happen if you thought there was a hereafter but it turned out that there actually was no hereafter? What if it turns out that the notion of a hereafter is a lie? Would you feel better believing a lie? Does feeling good justify telling a lie? Does this make lying morally right?
Abraham Lincoln said, "It is an established maxim and moral that he who makes an assertion without knowing whether it is true or false is guilty of falsehood, and the accidental truth of the assertion does not justify or excuse him." [20] Thomas Huxley agreed: "It is wrong for a man to say he is certain of the objective truth of a proposition unless he can produce evidence which logically justifies that certainty." [21] So, according to this logic, someone who states a belief in the afterlife, but who either cannot prove its existence or does not know whether there is such a thing as an afterlife (but merely accepts the idea on faith), is guilty of falsehood.
Again: Does feeling good justify speaking falsehood? Does the fact that it makes you feel good make lying morally right?
One might ask if the same holds true for those who assert that there is no such thing as an afterlife. No. The person who makes a claim (or holds a theory or says that something exists) is the one responsible for providing proof (or a valid argument) to back up his or her position. If the one making such a claim cannot do this, it is perfectly reasonable for the rest of us to doubt the claim.
The very nature of the modern views of afterlife protect those views from being tested. The notion is now cloaked in language that defies all attempts to discussion it. In Mohammad's day, when Heaven was thought to be up in the sky, Mohammad says, "Gabriel mounted me upon Buraq [a two-winged animal of a size between that of an ass and a mule], [22] and having carried me upwards to the lowest heaven called out to open the gate." [23] It is said of Jesus that "while he blessed them, he was parted from them, and carried up into heaven." [24] Lest anyone think this being "carried up" is a metaphor, the book of Acts says, "while they beheld, he was taken up; and a cloud received him out of their sight." [25]
The book of Genesis, which creationists wish to be taught as science and history in our public schools, describes the sky as "firmament" above which is water: "And God made the firmament, and divided the waters which were under the firmament from the waters which were above the firmament: and it was so. And God called the firmament Heaven." [26] The Noah's Ark tale describes how "the windows of heaven were opened." This is not a figure of speech, here, but a description of real windows in the sky, through which the rain pours.
Today, we know that our atmosphere is several miles thick. After that there is empty space and, here and there, tiny amounts of matter -- mostly hydrogen -- with no known end. The first man to travel in space, atheist Soviet cosmonaut Yuri Gagarin (1934-1968), said during his historic mission, "I don't see any god up here." [27]
Most theists are reluctant to abandon an idea that is shown to be falsehood. Instead, the modern believer has simply revised the old notion by removing those elements which no longer pass as mystery, and shrouding it in what today passes as mystery. It's always a mystery, though; it must be, or it would never attract attention, never attract a following.
In Benjamin Franklin's day, lightning was a mystery, and many though it was a judgement from a deity. It was not understood by the masses; consequently, most churches refused to install "Franklin's rod" in their steeples. Today, lightning is understood as an atmospheric phenomenon with a known cause. Other things continue to baffle most people, such as mental illness. Such things are thus thought by many as being the works of invisible malevolent entities.
This tendency toward revising the mystery to accommodate increased knowledge (by constantly demystifying the unknown) is carried over into modern views of the afterlife. Since Yuri Gagarin's historic flight, hardly anybody thinks of Heaven as being in the sky. "I don't know where it is -- I know it's not up there, 'cause I believe that the earth revolves, man, and sometimes you can go to heaven at 12:07. You can go to hell at 6:30." [28] So, if it's "not up there" any more, then where is it? Theists struggle with this one because they cannot abandon the myth of heaven altogether, so the best they can do is "spiritualize" it -- whatever that means!
Back to the subject of there being no afterlife, most people cannot accept the finality of death. The idea that this is the only known existence you get can be terrifying. My little brother did not get to live much of a life, and he does not get another crack at living -- not any life that we can know about, that we can verify. Any claims to the contrary are just that: claims. Someone who attempts to comfort me with the notion that my brother gets another chance is making a claim, and needs to make a strong case before I will believe it. As tempting as it is to want to fool myself by believing that life somehow is fair and that he will get another chance, I cannot do this because it would be dishonest.
Another aspect of death that terrifies many theists is the notion of hell. Not every theist is certain that he or she will be able to avoid hell. Although you'd think that an atheist, knowing there is no such thing as hell, would be free of such fear, but this is not always the case. Novelist Anthony Burgess described the "vestigial fear of hell" in his mind that no amount of reading of Freethought literature would abolish.[29]
Notion of afterlife cheapens life. Many a young soldier willingly and eagerly went to his death on the promise of a reward in the afterlife. Arnaud-Amaury, Abbot of Citeaux, 1209, justifying a wholesale massacre during the crusaces, was asked by a commander how they should tell who were the Christians and who were the enemies of God. "Kill them all; for the Lord knoweth them that are His" was his reply, suggesting that God would rectify the situation on the Judgement Day by vindicating the Christian victims of this slaughter.[30]
Finally, lack of belief in an afterlife can and does to motivate moral behavior in people. Joseph Lewis said, "With this recognition of the finality of death, no one should willingly withhold acts that would bring benefits, joy or happiness to others."[31]
4. "You Are On Our Prayer List. We Will Pray For You Always."[32]
Response by Cliff Walker
Short Answer:
Long Answer:
Your practice of a superstitious ritual will not harm us one whit.
However, we are curious and must ask, why? Why do you do this? What do you expect to accomplish? And please explain to us how it works. We have never understood how a person can, simply by thinking or talking, effect situations beyond one's physical reach.
Also, we insist on knowing why you would go so far as to inform us of your activity? Do you, by telling us this, intend to communicate to us that you think you are in some way superior to us in that you feel you must not only pray for us, but announce to us that you are doing this?
We agree with the Jesus character in the Gospel According to Matthew, Chapter 6, who allegedly said:
[5] And when thou prayest, thou shalt not be as the hypocrites are: for they love to pray standing in the synagogues and in the corners of the streets, that they may be seen of men. Verily I say unto you, They have their reward.
We feel that activities such as superstitious ritual -- along with other vices such as masturbation, recreational drug use, and the discussion of racist sentiments -- are best done in private where they will not bother innocent bystanders who might be offended by such activities. My editorial column "Prayer As Intrusive Outburst" explains why this is our position.
That you would announce that you are praying for us, in the context in which you did, implies that we need something that we lack (because we're atheists) and therefore implies a claim of superiority. You are welcome to try to spin it how you will, but this is the implication of telling an atheist (about which one knows nothing else) that one is praying for them.
Had you known, for example, that I had taken ill, but did not know that I am an atheist, such an announcement, cloaked in the context of failing health, would be understandable. Had you known that I was ill and that I was an atheist, I would be tempted to call such an announcement thoughtless or perhaps even rude. My only hesitation is that atheists are such a widely and viciously despised minority in the United States and elsewhere that we cannot expect the common etiquette manuals to discuss doing such things as saying "Bless you" to an atheist who has just sneezed or telling an atheist "I'll pray for you" -- or worse, "Why don't you pray about it?" [33] However, even though it's not in the books, yet, it is only common courtesy, and I don't see how this particular courtesy could be anything but intuitive.
But the context of my web presence is as an atheistic activist, and I can assume that you know nothing more about me than my atheism. Thus, whether or not you've thought this through, when you tell an atheist that you are praying for him or her, and it is clear that all you know about that person is the fact that they are an atheist, you are implying some form of superiority over that person.
5. "Why Feature Historical Writings Of People Who Were Not Atheists?"
A. It was a capital crime to criticize Christianity or espouse atheism in Europe, from the beginning of the Christian Church in the fourth century until well into the Enlightenment. Therefore, those who were atheists during these fifteen centuries or so either did not write their views down, or their views were burned -- along with the author.
Atheism was not an intellectually viable position until Darwin disposed of the Argument from Design in 1859, with his publication of Origin of Species.
An atheist before Darwin could have said, following Hume: "I have no explanation for complex biological design. All I know is that God isn't a good explanation, so we must wait and hope that somebody comes up with a better one." I can't help feeling that such a position, though logically sound, would have left one feeling pretty unsatisfied, and that although atheism might have been logically tenable before Darwin, Darwin made it possible to be an intellectually fulfilled atheist.
Some pre-Darwin writers, though they spoke of "God," had viewpoints that were otherwise essentially indistinguishable from modern atheism. An example of such a thinker would Spinoza, whose views are difficult to categorize:
Scholars continue to debate the question of whether Spinoza was really an atheist; and if this debate seems incapable of resolution, this is partially because the key term "atheist" is rarely used in a clear and consistent manner. The question "Was Spinoza really an atheist?" can be interpreted in (at least) three different ways. If we apply the label "atheist" only to writers who never employ theistic terminology, then Spinoza was not an atheist in this superficial sense. If, by "atheist," we mean a thinker who explicitly disbelieves in any personal, transcendent, or supernatural God, then Spinoza was indeed an atheist. If however, we mean "Did Spinoza view himself as an atheist?" then the issue becomes far more problematic.
Positive Atheism Magazine thus follows the cue of George H. Smith in his book Why Atheism? by encouraging our atheistic readers to study their heritage as atheists. This heritage includes those writers and thinkers whose ideas either encouraged breaks from Orthodox dogma or developed ideas which eventually led to modern atheism.
1. From the unsigned letter "Just Wondering Aloud," May 15, 1997.
2. On this, see Robert J. Schadewald, The Flat-Earth Bible.
3. Madalyn Murray O'Hair, in Jon Murray and Madalyn Murray O'Hair, All the Questions You Ever Wanted to Ask American Atheists: With All the Answers (1982), vol. i., p. 29.
4. South Carolina Governor Beasley vs. Herb Silverman (1997). See "South Carolina Supreme Court Okays Atheists for Public Office" by the American Civil Liberties Union, May 30, 1997.
5. "Lawsuit Challenges South Carolina Policy Banning Atheists from Government" from Maranatha Christian Journal (1993).
6. Madalyn Murray O'Hair, in Jon Murray and Madalyn Murray O'Hair, All the Questions You Ever Wanted to Ask American Atheists: With All the Answers (1982), vol. ii., p. 41.
7. Madalyn Murray O'Hair, in Jon Murray and Madalyn Murray O'Hair, All the Questions You Ever Wanted to Ask American Atheists: With All the Answers (1982), vol. ii., p. 40.
8. From the letter "'Critical' Thinking" by David F. Gianotto, August 16, 1997.
9. Anonymous, in Hebrews 11:1 (New International Version).
10. Jesus, to the "doubting" Thomas character, in John 20:29 (New American Standard Bible).
11. Paul, in II Corinthians 5:7 (New International Version).
12. Read Gora's writings in our Atheism in India section.
13. Madalyn Murray O'Hair, in Madalyn Murray O'Hair and Jon Murray, All the Questions You Ever Wanted to Ask American Atheists: With All the Answers (1982), vol. ii., p. 106.
14. Anonymous, in Hebrews 11:1 (New International Version).
15. Richard Robinson, Ah Atheist's Values (1964), pp. 118-23.
16. Richard Dawkins, Untitled Lecture, Edinburgh Science Festival, 1992.
17. H. L. Mencken, "Homo Neanderthalensis" (coverage of the Scopes Trial) The Baltimore Evening Sun, June 29, 1925.
18. George Bernard Shaw, "Androcles and the Lion" (1916), Preface.
19. From the unsigned letter "Critical Thinker Web Page: A waste of Internet space," received May, 1996.
20. Abraham Lincoln, chiding the editor of a Springfield, Illinois, newspaper, quoted from Antony Flew, How to Think Straight, "ch. 1, "The Basic Equipment," p. 17, ¶1.18.
21. Thomas H. Huxley, Agnosticism and Christianity, (1894) vol. v., pp. 310-11.
22. Ibn Warraq, Why I am Not a Muslim (1995), p. 46.
23. William Tisdall, Original Sources of Islam (1901) p. 80., quoted in Ibn Warraq, Why I am Not a Muslim (1995), p. 46.
24. Luke 24:51.
25. Acts 1:9.
26. Genesis 1:7-8a.
27. Quoted in James A. Haught, 2000 Years of Unbelief (1996) p. 290.
28. Lenny Bruce, "The Carnegie Hall Concert" (performed on February 4, 1961), Capitol/World Pacific reissue CD, "Christ and Moses" routine, disc 2, track 1, elapsed time 9:45.
29. See our Forum question, "Do You Suffer From Burgess's 'Vestigial Fear Of Hell'?"
30. "Catholics,Heretics and Heresy" Part 1 : The Cathars by G. C. H. Nullens. See also our Letter from Steve Locks.
31. Joseph Lewis -- An Atheist Manifesto.
32. From the letter, "We Will Pray For You Always" with Cam Pearl.
33. This slur is not uncommon within the Twelve Step Program. The context of the Program is that you help each other. Once, when Cliff Walker asked a woman friend how an atheist should respond to the bigotry within the Program that prevails against atheists, she retorted: "Have you prayed about it?" Though this is the most overt instance (the topic was the atheism and bigotry), several others who knew someone was an atheist have responded to personal requests for advice by suggesting that the atheist pray. Sometimes it is even prefaced with a disclaimer: "I realize you don't believe in God, but, ..." Hey! If you realize that we don't believe in any gods or saints (etc.), then to suggest that we pray is rude at best and comes off as bigotry.


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Let $X \subseteq \mathbb P^n, Y \subseteq \mathbb P^m$ be varieties and $h_X,h_Y$ be the hilbert polynomial. then, I know that $$h_{X \times Y}=h_X \cdot h_Y$$ But, I can't prove. In special case $X \times Y= \mathbb P^n \times \mathbb P^m$, I prove using the Segre embedding. But above case, I can't easily apply.
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The homogeneous coordinate ring $k[ X \times Y ]$ is isomorphic to $\bigoplus_{d=0}^{\infty} (k[X]_{d} \otimes_{k} k[Y]_{d})$ as graded $k$-algebras. Since $\textrm{dim}_{k} (k[X]_{d} \otimes_{k} k[Y]_{d}) = \textrm{dim}_{k}k[X]_{d} \cdot \textrm{dim}_{k} k[Y]_{d}$, we conclude $h_{X \times Y} = h_{X} \times h_{Y}$.
To prove the isomorphism, try the following: let $\{ f_{i} \}_{i}$ and $\{ g_{j} \}_{j}$ be basis for the $k$-vector spaces $k[X]_{d}$ and $k[Y]_{d}$ ($d$ is fixed). The bilinear map $k[X]_{d} \times k[Y]_{d} \rightarrow k[X \times Y]_{d}, \quad (f_{i}, g_{j}) \mapsto ((x, y) \mapsto f_{i}(x)g_{j}(y))$ induces a homomorphism $k[X]_{d} \otimes_{k} k[Y]_{d} \rightarrow k[X \times Y]_{d}$. Prove this is an isomorphism.

subset: commoncrawl


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According to the Canadian Press, the Calgary Flames played the spoiler role to perfection on Monday evening as they defeated the New Jersey Devils 1-0.
The loss was massive for the Devils, who with a week left in the National Hockey League's regular season, are battling for a playoff spot in the Eastern Conference. They are currently in ninth place, and three points back of the Columbus Blue Jackets. New Jersey has three games left, while Columbus has four games left.
The Flames lone goal came on the power play, 23 seconds into the third period. Captain Mark Giordano took a slapshot from the point that beat Devils' goaltender Cory Schneider. Jiri Hudler and Michael Cammalleri picked up the assists.
Karri Ramo also sparkled in net for the Flames as he made 31 saves for his second shutout of the season.
The win might help the Flames' overall morale. Even though this was a regular season contest, it was like a playoff game for the Devils, and the Flames were spoilers in a huge way. If the Devils miss the playoffs, they should circle the date April 7 as a major reason why.
Calgary, which improves to 34-38-7, will now play home to Los Angeles on Wednesday.


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Apr 17, 2012 9:03 AM
OMG, it's like they wrote Quiet ($15) about Outblush. Kidding aside, Quiet is an interesting book about introverted types, the ways in which they're undervalued, their potential, and how we can tap into our positive introvertive qualities. This is a definite must-read!
If you've got a product or service that you'd like to promote on Outblush, click here to find out about our advertising opportunities.
Outblush is a blog for girls who love to shop. Our staff digs up the best clothes, home stuff, beauty items, and more. New items are posted every day — bookmark us and check out:


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Rhett from Good Mews Animal Foundation in metro Atlanta has a special message that he posted on the Good Mews Facebook page earlier today:
Happy Friday! Man, I didn't think it would ever get here! But here we are so there are a few things we need to discuss. First off, my name is Rhett. I have been at Good Mews for about 3 months. My family dumped me off at animal control, but we will not discuss that. I am a gentleman, so I will just keep my mouth shut. But Good Mews saved me, so all is good.
However, everyone is scratching their head, wondering why I have not been adopted yet. I am really cute, as you can see. I am super friendly and love to jump up on a lap and get pets. I get along with everyone. But I guess the right person has not come along yet. So maybe Saturday will be my lucky day! Saturday is the last day for our "Let's Hear it for the Boys" adoption special. All male cats have a reduced adoption fee of 50%. So come visit me and consider taking me home!
So we also have the flea market going on. This is our biggest fundraiser of the year, so it MUST be a huge success!! And in order for it to be a success, we need your help! So please go through your house this weekend and get rid of all that stuff you keep looking at and saying "I really should get rid of this, but I like it"..hey, just get rid of it!! If you miss it after it is gone, come buy it back. But please donate. It helps keep a roof over our head! Check out our website for details on where we are accepting donations and what time.
And lastly, are your pets microchipped? If not, then what are you waiting for?? OK, so your pets stay inside. Good, that is where they need to stay. But what if you have painters over one day, or guests that don't pay attention, and your pet runs outside? Then he ends up at animal control because nobody knows who he is. And trust me, animal control is not a fun place to be! So make your appointment today for our vaccination and microchip clinic. It will be on Sunday. [Click here for more information on the vaccination clinic.]
So pretty much, it sounds like your weekend is going to be all about Good Mews!
Rhett is a four-year old male brown and white short hair tabby. The following is some additional information about Rhett from the Good Mews website:
Rhett is a big kitty, but has a gentle soul. He loves people and wants nothing more than for them to pet him and spend time for him. If people are around, but not paying attention to him, he will make sure that they do! He will meow at you until you stop what you are doing and spend some time with him.
Rhett is a very social kitty that would love a home with people that will spend a lot of time with him. For reasons unknown to us, his former family dropped him off at animal control. So now Rhett is looking for a forever home with people that will cherish him.
So if you are looking for a cool kitty to hang out with, we think Rhett is your man!
Click here if you are interested in adopting Rhett or another cat from Good Mews.
Click here to see the cats that are currently available for adoption from Good Mews.
Click here to see an awesome video of the kitties in action at the Good Mews Shelter.
About Good Mews Animal Foundation
Good Mews is a cage-free, no-kill cat shelter offering an alternative to traditional animal shelters in the Metro Atlanta area. They provide a safe haven for homeless, abused, or abandoned cats until they can be placed in permanent, loving homes. Since 1988, Good Mews has placed almost 7,000 cats in forever homes. The shelter receives no government support and relies solely on donations of time, services, goods and money from its many supporters and local businesses. Good Mews is home to approximately 100 residents on any given day – most of whom reside at the Shelter in Marietta, with some cats residing in foster homes.


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Spring is finally here and Trump Entertainment Resorts is helping to welcome it in with the Win/Loss Sweeps at Trump Taj Mahal and lots of fun. The new Win/Loss Sweeps gives you the opportunity to win back your 2013 slot loss!
If you're a Trump One Card holder, you simply play and earn entries throughout the month of April. Not a card holder yet? That's an easy fix. You can sign up for free at Trump One Services. Then earn just 20 Tier Points on Saturday, April 26 to qualify for a chance to win back your slot losses from last year. There will be 10 big winners beginning at 10 p.m. with a max prize of $10,000 Bonus Slot Dollars.
And that's not all Trump has for you in April, not by a long shot!
You can win a 2014 Volkswagen Passat every Sunday in April with Play Pennies/Win a Passat. And, yes, it's pennies. This contest is exclusive to penny slot machines. Winners will be selected at 6 p.m. The Passats will be provided by Atlantic Auto Group.
You can win BIG in the $1,500 Day Dreams Slot Tournament on April 29. Earn 20 tier points on the tournament date between 1 and 5 p.m. You can print your slip from any kiosk from 11 a.m. to 4:45 p.m.
If you're new to the Taj Mahal or haven't played in a while, don't despair. You can win, too! New and 12-month inactive members at Trump Taj Mahal who earn 40 tier points will receive $50 Bonus Slot Dollars and a 25 percent discount on a hotel room. Sign up for a Trump One card at Trump One Services.
Easter is coming! You can treat your family to a superb Easter Sunday Brunch at the Sultan's Feast Buffet. You will enjoy delicious, all-you-can-eat selections, including hand-crafted omelets, carving station meats, pasta and, of course, decadent desserts. And the best part is that it's only $19.95 per person!
Are you more of a dinner person? You can have a really spectacular Easter dinner on April 20 from 1 to 8 p.m. for only $27 per person! Hop on over to the Easter Dinner Buffet exquisitely prepared by the Taj's chefs. You can choose from carved turkey, honey-glazed him, lamb, steaks grilled to order, shrimp, crab legs, salmon, international favorites and a grand Easter dessert buffet.
Check out all the fun and excitement Trump Taj Mahal has for you by clicking HERE.
Suggested Links
- TV host and comedian Craig Ferguson brings his humor to the Trump Taj Mahal
- KISS and Def Leppard to rock and roll all night in Atlantic City
- Warner Bros. 'Island of Lemurs: Madagascar' now at Tropicana's IMAX Theatre
- Lady Gaga's artRave Tour coming to Boardwalk Hall
- Street Life Concerts to present "The Music That Changed Our Lives" at Harrah's


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Kenya 3D: Animal Kingdom Showtimes and Tickets
Read Movie Reviews about Kenya 3D: Animal Kingdom Write a Movie Review for Kenya 3D: Animal Kingdom
Release Date: 2013-03-01 (Limited)
Genre: Documentary,
Rating: NR
Duration: 40min
Experience an epic adventure in some of the most stunning and important animal sanctuaries on Earth. Discover Africa's famous fauna, including the Big Five -- lions, African elephants, Cape buffalo, leopards and black rhinos -- as well as giraffe, hippos and cheetahs, in their natural habitat. Meet two young fearsome Maasai and follow them on their ritual safari, which means "long journey" in Swahili, before partaking in an extraordinary traditional ceremony. Explore with them the remotest corners of Kenya, from the Rift Valley's spectacular flamingo lakes to the Loita Hills, where the annual Great Migration of wildebeest, zebras and gazelles occurs.
Cast and Crew
- Directed by Jean-Jacques Mantello
- Produced by Francois Mantello
- Written by Francois Mantello, Alexandra Body, Dr. Elisabeth Mantello
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W. Movie Reviews
User reviews on W.
Honest depiction. The movie was interesting but slow and sometimes boring zzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzz. Good acting from the entire cast. The scenes between James Cromwell and Josh Brolin were particularly well done. While I would not put it on my must own movies, I thought it was woth seeing.
If you have seen the TV news, you have seen this movie. Just about everything in the film has been seen before, except the scenes with W and daddy and these are speculation at best.
A tired, boring film that makes W look as ridiculous as he is, what is the point, we all know he will go down as the worst president in the history of the USA.
Critics of this movie may not like the way it portrays Bush the Younger. Or they may have been expecting a more "presidential" movie--something more statesmanlike and serious along the lines of director Oliver Stone's "Nixon."
But this time Stone tries a completely different approach--instead of building the film from the outside in to show us how the world looks at Bush, he has designed it to look from the inside-out. In other words, this film is how Oliver Stone thinks Bush sees the world. It's an interesting approach, and fertile ground for satire. In Stone's film, Bush's life is a dark cartoon, and almost tragically empty. There are few people in the film, mostly Bush's family and advisors. He doesn't seem to have friends. The American people never even appear, except on TV screens or occasionally in a public appearance. Often we see Bush daydreaming of himself alone, in an empty baseball stadium, playing an imaginary big-league game. The message is obvious: Bush thinks mostly about Bush, and he has a distorted, narcissistic view of the world.
Whether you agree with the assessment or not, it's hard to deny that Stone does an impressive job of capturing it here. This is a movie that will age well. It might be hard for a lot of people to watch right now, but ultimately it may be remembered as well as Stone's previous forays into presidential bio, "JFK" and "Nixon."
Honestly, I don't know what movie the reviewers were watching, but this was a great representation of the W. This movie takes you through his adult life and the shadow of the name Bush. Not that he has redeemed the name, but one could see how he became the President and why he made the choices he made. I didn't want t come out of this movie thinking any less of W. Bush more than I have and I didn't. This was a great biopic that didn't take a political side. Oliver Stone did a great job. Josh Brolin was a great surprise as the lead. If you want a 'beat down Bush' type of movie, rent 'Fahrenheit 911.' This movie was far from boring, it was informative as-well-as entertaining. 4 Stars.
This movie has no substance. I kept waiting for something interesting to happen, but the whole movie was boring and superficial. The character of Condondoleezza was ridiculous as her facial expressions and mannerisms were not accurate and were annoying. The only thing half redeeming is that Richard Dreyfuss and Josh Brolin did a great job. When I\'m in a movie and look at my watch, that\'s the sign that I\'m wasting my time. Don\'t waste your time and money!
ZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZ..... what? Is it over yet??? ZZZZZZZ... wake me when it's over.....
Normally, I'd wait to see this on DVD, but I thought I'd get a good idea of where the election was going. OK, OK, we get it, Hollywood hates Bush. Oh well, it was better than a sleeping pill.
Saw it in a preview, thought this had to be a colorful and interesting movie...I hate bush but even he is not that stupid..After 15 minutes you are waiting for the end. It gets very slow moving.. I think unfortunately this man was trying to make a statement at election time that is not there.. Do not waste thy money..........
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Shane Dru Swanson
Position: WR
Height: 5-9 Weight: 200 lbs.
Born: October 4, 1962 in Tracy, CA
High School: Hershey
College: Nebraska (school history) (Swanson college stats)
Drafted by the Cleveland Browns in the 12th round (315th overall) of the 1985 NFL Draft.
Weighted Career AV (100-95-...): 1 (13070th overall since 1950)
Other SR Links: College Football at Sports-Reference.com
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|Member Since:
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: Enchanté by mrshermioneweasley
After choosing for her sister's health over her own safety, Lily falls into a magical new adventure with an enchanted castle, a mysterious beast, and a secret curse as her main opposition. Will her strong disposition and natural beauty win over the brutal temperament of the lion, or will she crumble to the challenge?
Banner by GoCalgaryFlamesGo, Art by Ellarose C/caryjanecarter
Genres: Fluff, Romance, AU Era: Other Characters: Dumbledore, James, Lily, Lucius, Lupin, Sirius, Snape Pairings: James/Lily, Snape/Lily
Advisory: Mild Language, Mild Violence, Scenes of a Mild Sexual Nature, Sensitive Topic/Issue/Theme
Published: 2008.02.17 Latest Chapter: 2010.07.13 Updated: 2010.07.13 Status: WIP (7873 words)
: Green-Eyed Goddess by mrshermioneweasley
James Potter and Lily Evans have finally become friends. His passion for her has not dwindled, but Lily only thinks of James as a friend. She thinks of James as the one wholl cheer her up when shes down, give help when needed. Lily dates range from the Ravenclaw prefect to the Gryffindor Beater, but never seems to be the one that makes her heart pound. In this world of jealousy, teenagers flirt and kiss the one person that they know will make the other jealous.
Genres: General, Humor, Romance Era: Marauders Characters: Dumbledore, James, Lily, Lupin, McGonagall, OC, Pettigrew, Sirius, Snape Pairings: James/Lily, Sirius/OC
Advisory: Mild Language, Mild Violence, Scenes of a Mild Sexual Nature, Sensitive Topic/Issue/Theme
Published: 2007.01.17 Latest Chapter: 2008.06.02 Updated: 2008.06.02 Status: WIP (18186 words)
: Harry Potter and The Ever So Black Pearl by mrshermioneweasley
Fabulous banner by Pixie Dust from The Dark Arts!!!"Harry, Ron, Hermione, and Ginny were bored. Not just bored, but really bored. They were all sitting in the front room of the Burrow and listening to the tinkle of the wind chimes outside the window. It was summer, and they had nothing to do." Harry, Ron, Hermione, and Ginny get swept into the world of Pirates of the Caribbean. Written Before HBP
Genres: Crossover, Romance, Action/Adventure Era: Hogwarts Characters: Ginny, Harry, Hermione, Molly, Ron Pairings: Harry/Ginny, Ron/Hermione, OC/OC
Advisory: Mild Language, Mild Violence
Published: 2006.07.21 Latest Chapter: 2007.05.29 Updated: 2007.05.29 Status: Abandoned (4482 words)


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By Robbie Ward/NEMS Daily Journal
TUPELO – Tupelo Ward 4 Councilwoman Nettie Davis turned in her campaign finance report weeks ago, contrary to information provided this week by the city clerk's office.
Davis, a democrat, who won a primary election against two opponents in May, completed her final campaign finance report May 14.
The Daily Journal reported in a story Friday that Davis hadn't turned in campaign finance reports showing she would no longer accept contributions, make campaign expenditures and has no campaign debt.
Reporting $730 in contributions for the period of April 28 through May 25, Davis also had $600 in expenses and $303 in cash left in her campaign.
While no monetary penalty exists for municipal candidates who do not turn in campaign finance reports, winners of the general election cannot take office until the reports are completed.
Davis faces no general election opponent.


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College Hockey:Hamele, Roll Honored by SUNYAC
FREDONIA, N.Y. — Fredonia goaltender Will Hamele has been named 2002-2003 SUNYAC player
of the year and Oswego's George Roll coach of the year.
Hamele helped lead the Blue Devils to a 10-4 conference record in his
senior season, which earned Fredonia the second seed in this year's
conference tournament. He ranks third among conference goaltenders with
a 1.77 goals against average and a .924 save percentage.
Roll directed the Lakers to a first-place finish in the regular season
and the top seed in the SUNYAC tournament.
Forwards Kris Heeres of Geneseo and Jocelyn Dubord of Oswego were
selected as co-rookies of the year. Both players rank tenth among the
league's scoring leaders with 15 points. Heeres had nine goals and six
assists during the regular season for the Knights while Dubord scored
six goals and added nine assists in his freshman campaign for the
The SUNYAC also announced its first and second all-conference teams.
2002-03 SUNYAC Ice Hockey All-Conference Teams
First Team
Mike Lukajic, Oswego (F, Jr., Mississauga, Ont.)
Don Patrick, Oswego (F, So., Fulton, N.Y.)
Brendon Hodge, Plattsburgh (F, Jr., Lynnfield, Mass.)
Chad Kemp, Plattsburgh (D, Jr., Glencoe, Ont.)
Joe Carrabs, Oswego (D, Jr., Brampton , Ont.)
Will Hamele, Fredonia (G, Sr., Dearborn , Mich.)
Second Team
Joe Urbanik, Buffalo State (F, Sr., Calumet City, Ill.)
Jay Kuczmanski, Geneseo (F, Jr., Cheektowaga, N.Y.)
Jason Kilcan, Plattsburgh (F, Sr., London, Ont.)
Chris Lee, Potsdam (F, Jr., MacTeir, Ont.)
Peter Ollari, Plattsburgh (D, Sr., Agawam, Mass.)
Nick Onody, Geneseo (D, Fr., Richmond Hill, Ont.)
Ricardo Hernandez, Buffalo State (D, Sr., Eagle River, Alaska)
Tyson Gajda, Oswego (G, Jr., Westfield, Mass.)
The following is a self-policing forum for discussing views on this story. Comments that are derogatory, make personal attacks, are abusive, or contain profanity or racism will be removed at our discretion. USCHO.com is not responsible for comments posted by users. Please report any inappropriate or offensive comments by clicking the "Flag" link next to that comment in order to alert the moderator.
Please also keep "woofing," taunting, and otherwise unsportsmanlike behavior to a minimum. Your posts will more than likely be deleted, and worse yet, you reflect badly on yourself, your favorite team and your conference.


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- Hey Deviants welcome to my profile and of course, thanks for viewing ❤☝
They call me cнαяℓєу! Because Charlotte is such a mundane,
pretty average name that reminds me of someone I'd rather not
be anymore ❤
I am an amateur (artist?) if i even qualify for that
But I do have a GCSE in Art & Design
My forte is actually social sciences,
I study a BSc in Psychology! No I cannot read your mind!
I am 22 years young!
Living in the beautiful land of Wales, in the United Kingdom.
it's not part of England soooo shhhh!
If you think so, you need an education in Geography
*-Cymru Am Byth (Welsh&Proud) ❤ ☑
On the contrary to popular opinion, i am not a bitch
I can give as good as I get
i don't believe in stereotypes &
I've never fit into one anyways :3
♥ I am αиутнιиg вυт σя∂ιиαяу
and less than extraordinary ❤♥


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Aug. 1, 2005
LOS ANGELES, Calif. - Six UCLA women's water polo players earned silver medals last weekend as Team USA took second place at the 2005 FINA World Championships in Montreal, Canada. Bruin All-Americans Emily Feher, Natalie Golda, Thalia Munro, Kelly Rulon along with teammates Kristina Kunkel and former Bruin Jaime Hipp comprised just under half of the 13-person team that went 3-3-1 over seven contests from July 16-29.
Team USA defeated Russia, 10-8 in semifinal action on July 27 before falling to Hungary 10-7 in overtime in the title match on July 29. In earlier round-robin action, Team USA defeated Cuba and China, lost to Australia and Hungary and tied Spain.
Feher, who protected the net for UCLA's 2005 national champion women's water polo team, was the starting goalkeeper for all seven games for Team USA. Hipp also saw time in front of the net in three contests.
Rulon led Team USA with two goals in the title match while her, 2005 senior Golda and Munro each notched a goal in the semifinal victory against Russia.
Golda, Rulon and Munro were members of the 2004 U.S. Women's Water Polo Olympic team which captured a bronze medal in Athens.


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According to Facebook: Greenville County Pet Rescue, this beauty has run out of time at the high-kill upstate shelter. This means the shelter may kill at any time. More information can be found on this Facebook thread.
The shelter in Greenville, South Carolina is full. This dog is out of time and may be killed any day now.
NAME: Stoop
BREED: pit
SEX: male
EST. AGE: 4 yr
Est Weight: 68.4 lbs
Health: appears healthy- hw neg
Temperament: dog friendly, people friendly.
ADDITIONAL INFO: very strong, very sweet loves everyone
If you can find it in your heart to save this beauty, please contact Greenville County Animal Care Services by email at email@example.com. Be sure to put the pet name and ID in the subject line of your email.
Please share this article with friends in rescue, foster or who are looking to adopt a special pet. Social media has saved millions of shelter pets. Let's do our part to be sure this baby gets the chance at a forever home.
If you can't help a cat or dog in person, you can sponsor an animal by clicking here. This way a rescue can save the pet without any out of pocket expense, other than vetting and medical.


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Elite Squad (Tropa de Elite) Showtimes and Tickets
Read Movie Reviews about Elite Squad (Tropa de Elite) Write a Movie Review for Elite Squad (Tropa de Elite)
Release Date: 2008-09-19 (NY)
Genre: Action/Adventure, Drama
Rating: R
Duration: 1hr 55min
"Elite Squad" is an intense and astonishing look at Rio de Janeiro's notorious favelas, the volatile slums on the edge of the city, presenting an intimate look at the city's vast and intricate web of corruption. The elite BOPE force (State Police Special Operations Battalion) combats drug trafficking, keeping order has its price though and their actions make it difficult to distinguish right from wrong and justice from revenge. BOPE Captain Nascimento is facing a crisis: in addition to the pressures of fighting within war zones, the Captain must find and train his own replacement so he can escape the day to day violence and be close to his wife who is about to give birth to their first child. Two of the force's newest recruits, are childhood friends: one is quick on the trigger to maintain order and the other refuses to compromise his ideals. Together they are the perfect replacement. Alone they may not have what it takes to survive.
Cast and Crew
- Starring
Wagner Moura, Milhem Cortaz, Caio Junqueira, Luiz Gonzaga de Almeida, Fernanda de Freitas, Fernanda Machado, André Ramiro
- Directed by Jose Padilha
- Produced by Marcos Prado, Jose Padilha, Eliana Soárez, Bia Castro
- Written by Rodrigo Pimentel, André Batista, Braulio Mantovani
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text: Visit SP out west from 1950-1978. See Cab Ahead steam and early F-units in snow on Donner Pass. Visit both sides of the Bay Area. Visit Tracy and Lathrop riding the San Joaquin Daylight train. See the city of San Francisco, Coast Daylight, steam commute, local and mail trains. 1 hour 15min


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Arthur Blythe: Break Tune
Break Tune
Arthur Blythe (alto sax)
Da-Da (Columbia 40237)
Arthur Blythe (alto sax), Olu Dara (cornet), Kelvyn Bell (guitar), Bob Stewart (tuba), Bobby Battle (drums), Geri Allen (synthesizer).
Composed by Arthur Blythe.
Recorded: New York, 1986
Rating: 81/100 (learn more)
Imagine a time when major record labels recorded jazz that didn't conform to archaic conceptions of what jazz should be. Such a time existed as recently as 1986, when this music was recorded. Da-Da wasn't one of Arthur Blythe's best efforts for Columbia. That list is topped by Lenox Avenue Breakdown, his first album for CBS, recorded in 1979. Da-Da isn't nearly so uncompromising. Indeed, Geri Allen's synthesizer solo on "Break Tune" hints at a desire to pop-ify Blythe's music. On Da-Da, Blythe or Columbia or both seemed somewhat more concerned about sales numbers.
Still, Blythe's playing and group concept was inimitable, and thus mostly carries the day. "Break Tune" is played by Blythe's electric band (a distinct entity from his acoustic band, which also performs on the album). Tubaist Bob Stewart holds down the basslines, with a rhythm section that includes a young Ms. Allen, drummer Bobby Battle and guitarist Kelvyn Bell. Trumpeter Olu Dara shares the front line with Blythe. A riff-based cross between Ornette Coleman's harmolodics and New Orleans funk—with just a hint of Afrobeat thrown in—the tune presents Blythe in good form, spraying his rapid-fire, freebop filigree in all directions at once. Bell plays a fine Blood Ulmer-ish guitar, and Dara's solo makes one wish he had been more active as a cornetist.
The less said about Allen's contribution, the better; she mostly gets in the way, and her solo is tastelessly extroverted. The recording quality is murky, which also damages the effect. Yet there remains an enduring freshness to Blythe's approach that makes this appealing, for all its faults.
Reviewer: Chris Kelsey
Tags: 1980s jazz · avant-garde
Comments are closed.


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Here's a look at the state of interest rates on five common consumer banking products and the latest rates from Bankrate.com's weekly national survey of large banks and thrifts conducted July 8, 2009.
Mortgage rates tumbled to their lowest levels since late May.
The average 30-year fixed rate fell 11 basis points, to 5.59 percent. A basis point is one-hundredth of a percentage point.
This week's average 15-year fixed rate -- a popular option for refinancing -- plunged 14 basis points, to 4.93 percent.
The average jumbo, 30-year fixed slid 5 basis points, to 6.86 percent.
Adjustable-rate mortgages were split. The one-year adjustable-rate mortgage edged up 1 basis point, to 5.18 percent. The popular 5/1 ARM sank 12 basis points, to 5.05 percent.
Mortgage application activity rose a seasonally adjusted 10.9 percent when compared to a week earlier, according to the Mortgage Bankers Association.
For the week ending July 3, applications for new purchase increased 6.7 percent. Refinancing activity jumped 15.2 percent. The numbers included an adjustment for the Fourth of July holiday, according to the MBA.
To find and compare mortgage rates in your area, visit Bankrate's interactive search tool.
-- Chris Kissell
Rate Roundup
Rate Trend Index
* Mortgage rate may include points. See rate tables
for details. Click
here. * To see the definition of overnight averages click
Bankrate.com ®,
Copyright © 2016
Bankrate, Inc., All Rights Reserved,
Terms of Use.


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MEDINA TWP. — A Medina woman is in serious condition Monday after a two-vehicle accident at state Route 3 and South Weymouth Road, according to the Ohio Highway Patrol.
Trooper Steve Robison said Rose Hoffman, 75, was at the stop sign on South Weymouth around 2:30 p.m. and was trying to turn left onto Route 3 when she failed to yield to oncoming traffic.
An eastbound 2004 Ford truck driven by Brian Kittrick, 33, of North Olmsted, collided with Hoffman's 1997 Lexus sedan, Robison said, sending the Lexus off the north side of the road.
"He struck her in the driver's side door," Robison said.
The Jaws of Life from the Medina Fire Department was required to remove Hoffman from her car, he said.
"We had to cut the driver's side front door off to get her out," he said.
An ambulance took Hoffman to Medina Hospital, Robison said, where she was flown to MetroHealth Medical Center in Cleveland.
A MetroHealth spokeswoman said Hoffman was in serious condition Monday night.
The driver of the truck was not injured and was wearing his seat belt, Robison said. It was not known if Hoffman was wearing hers, he said.
The speed limit in the area is 55 mph.
Robison said the accident is under investigation.
Contact Jennifer Pignolet at (330) 721-4063 or firstname.lastname@example.com.


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Comcast Arena at Everett (map it)
2000 Hewitt Ave
Everett, WA 98201
Comcast Arena at Everett website
Year Opened: 2003
Capacity: 8,149
There are no tickets available at this time.
Official Review by Kenneth Lee, Stadium Journey Regional Correspondent
Editor's Note: As of the 2014 season, the Washington Stealth franchise moved to Vancouver and they play at Langley Events Centre.
The Washington Stealth are members of the National Lacrosse League. The team was founded in Everett, WA in 2009, playing its first year in the NLL in 2010. While the team is still fairly young, it already has a deep history having won 2 division titles as well as winning the NLL Championship in 2010. In 2012, much to the excitement of their already rabid fan base, the Stealth and Comcast Arena announced a new lease agreement to keep the Stealth paying in Everett for several years to come.
The FANFARE scale is our metric device for rating each stadium experience. It covers the following:
Each area is rated from 0 to 5 stars with 5 being the best. The overall composite score is the "FANFARE Score".
The best part of Comcast Arena is its wide array of food choices. If you are in the mood for a more traditional sit down style of meal, you can check out the "Arena Grill." The Arena Grill, which is accessible from both inside and outside of the arena, boasts great views of the arena for you to enjoy during your meal. If you are into the more standard arena fare, Comcast Arena will not disappoint. The selection is as varied as it comes. Some of your choices include: pulled pork sandwiches ($10), pizza from local vendor Alfy's (starting at $5), Bratwursts ($8), hot dogs ($3.50-$4), hamburgers ($7-$9) and my personal favorite, fresh made nachos with all the toppings ($9).
If you are thirsty you can pick up a bottomless soda for $8. If you're looking for something with a little more kick, there is a Wine & Tapas bar with a great selection of Northwest wines. If you're looking for a beer, you have come to the right place. Comcast Arena certainly has no shortage of beers to choose from. You have your standard taps like Bud, Bud Light, Coors, Coors Light, Miller and Miller Light. However, if you are more into the microbrew scene, Comcast Arena offers you selections from Widmer Brothers Brewing and local brewing companies Lazy Boy & Scuttlebutt. The day I visited they had no less than three different IPA's on tap and that's always a bonus as far as I'm concerned.
The Comcast Arena is not just the home of the Washington Stealth, it is also home to other events, such as concerts and the Professional Bull Riders tour. The Stealth also share the arena with the Western Hockey League's Everett Silvertips. Because of this, there is a mix of things that really can distract from your enjoyment of seeing the Stealth.
The arena does proudly display posters & billboards advertising the Stealth and of course the banners from the Stealth's past championships, however, with all of the Silvertips' banners as well as posters advertising upcoming concerts, you get the feeling that the Stealth are the arena's red-headed stepchild.
The area around Comcast Arena is quite diverse. Depending on what side of the venue you are on you will see different things, from small businesses, to the Snohomish County Corrections Facility, to some great restaurants such as the Y Not (a sports bar), Brooklyn Brother's Pizzeria (featuring classic New York style pizza) and the Fish Tale Brew Pub.
Other than my nachos and IPA's, my favorite part of my trip to Comcast Arena was getting to meet and talk to several fans. I will be the first to admit that 1) What I know of lacrosse, I learned from watching the movie "American Pie" and 2) I had no idea that there was a professional lacrosse team in Everett until just a few months ago. With that said, there are some fans that have grown up with this game and they really get into it. From talking to them I was able to come away with a much greater appreciation for the game that I basically felt was basketball, with sticks. I also learned that lacrosse is the fastest growing sport in our area and that several schools have lacrosse teams now as well.
You can't miss Comcast Arena. Its unique design outside makes it stand out from a great distance. It is easily seen from the main freeway, Interstate 5, that runs through town. As you get near the arena there are several places where you can park for free. However, if you are running late and all of those spots are full, there is $10 parking right across the street from the arena.
Tickets to see the Stealth at Comcast Arena will run you from $7 in the upper level corners, to $45 to sit right behind the glass at field level. The bulk of tickets range from $25-$40. I bought my ticket as a walk up and I had to pay $15 for an upper level seat. While I never sat in my seat, I just roamed around, for the overall experience, this seemed steep to me. I was there by myself, but if you were to bring a family of 4, it would run you $60 just to walk in the door.
There are no extras when attending a Stealth game at Comcast Arena.
If you plan to visit Comcast Arena for a Stealth game, be sure to go empty handed. If you are like me, and you like to bring your camera with you, don't bring anything to put it in. Over the last year I have visited 42 different sports venues. In that time I have never had an issue bringing my backpack I use as a camera bag. The only thing I carry in it is my camera, a notebook, a few pens and if I am at a baseball game, my scorebook. However, at Comcast Arena I was told I could not carry it inside. I was told "No bags of any kind." I was told I had two options: 1) take it back to my car (which was parked several blocks away) or 2) throw it away if I planned to enter the arena. I had no desire to make the round trip, so I took out my camera and I tossed the backpack that has been well traveled with me into the garbage so I could gain access to the arena. When I walked in it only took me seconds to see several people sporting bags bigger than mine. This prompted me to go back outside and go straight to security to ask why this was allowed. I was told by the head of security "Our policy is no bags. I can't control what all of our people do at every gate." Wow. Just wow! I was then informed that I could check my bag in at the Customer Information booth if I would like and so I did. The best part of this entire experience is that I then got to spend the next 1 hour and 22 minutes being followed by two members of the Comcast Arena security team. What? Yes, they had me followed. No, I am not paranoid. I went up and talked to them and they explained, "We are just doing what we were told." I decided to have fun with it and even bought the guys a beer when I got myself one. To their credit, they didn't drink them, but it was still worthy of a good chuckle by me. I can honestly say I am not sure that I will ever go back to the Comcast Arena after this experience.
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Lady Raiders Remain in Contention After UTSA Second Round
Gabby Dominguez fired a 4-under 68 Monday to keep Texas Tech in contention.
Oct. 31, 2011
Follow the Final Round | Second Round Results
LUBBOCK, Texas - Texas Tech put itself in position to make a final-day run at the UTSA Alamo Invitational Monday as the 20th-ranked Lady Raiders combined to shoot 5-under at the Briggs Ranch Golf Club in San Antonio.
The 283 card helped move Tech from seventh to fifth overall thanks to the second-lowest round of the day that ranked only behind Nebraska' tournament-record 8-under card that moved the Huskers atop the leaderboard at 2-under overall.
The Lady Raiders, who are now 4-over for the tournament after a 9-over round on Sunday, are a stroke back of TCU in fourth place and four shots behind Baylor and the host Roadrunners, who both fired 5-under cards Monday.
"We had a great team effort today," Tech head coach JoJo Robertson said. "I thought our entire lineup competed the whole day and set themselves up nicely for tomorrow. Hopefully we can come out with a similar approach and make another solid run."
Tech's 14 stroke improvement from its opening two rounds can be partially credited to the play of Gabby Dominguez, who dropped five birdies during the back nine to finish with a 4-under 68 card that is the lowest so far for the tournament.
Dominguez wrapped Sunday's first round at 7-over after going 3-over with two double-bogeys over the final nine holes to finish in 60th place. Her second round performance, though, moved the junior all the way into a tie for 26th overall.
Like Dominguez, Kim Kaufman bounced back from a shaky opening round as the junior finished 2-under to move to even-par for the tournament. After a triple-bogey on the opening hole, Kaufman responded to nail six birdies the rest of the day to finish in a tie for 10th, four strokes back of tournament leaders Hayley Davis of Baylor and Monifa Sealy of Central Florida.
She also trails teammate Elin Arvidsson by only a stroke now after the freshman drilled an eagle from 150 yards out on the 18th to finish even on the day and 1-under for the tournament.
Tech's final score on the day came from Beverly Mendoza, who had back-to-back birdies on the 13th and 14th to finish with a 1-over card while also moving to 4-over for the tournament. Deborah DeVilla trailed Mendoza by a stroke at 2-over to drop to 7-over individually as well.
Tuesday's final round will be a shotgun start with the entire field teeing off at 8:30 a.m. Fans can keep up with Tech's progress throughout the day by visiting www.golfstat.com.


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posh bus, wondering whats the price?


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Arthur M. Okun Professor of Economics, Department of Economics and Cowles Foundation for Research in Economics, Yale University, and Professor of Finance and Fellow at the International Center for Finance, Yale School of Management
Animal spirits
Robert Shiller interviewed by Romesh Vaitilingam, 14 August 2009
Unfortunately the file could not be found.
DownloadDownload MP3 File (13.1MB)
Topics: Financial markets Frontiers of economic research Macroeconomic policy
I've enjoyed very much listening to Prof. Shiller about the danger of central banks promoting future inflation.
Born and living in Brazil for much of my lifespan I think Shillers's preoccupation is real. I also worry about the consequences of a long-duration "Christmas spree", particularly the ones by the Federal Reserve and the Bank of England.
The Brazilian Banco Central is also doing its part based on the fallacy that it has more than 200 billion US dollars in its warchest. This misconception comes from the demagogic switch made by our BC of Brazilian Treasury bills - paying more than ten percent to the FED - in exchange for US Treasury bills paying us about three percent yearly.
This is potentially if not really in the radar given that in 2010 Brazilians should elect a new president and Americans should elect a new Congress.
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The Judging Panel
The 2013 Playable City Award was judged by the following panel of brilliant industry representatives and facilitated by Watershed's Clare Reddington as a non-voting chair.
Imogen Heap
Imogen Heap is a british ecclectic, eccentric and innovative musician considered by some the epitome of a digital diva. Her talent spans from the craft of songwriting to elaborate live multi-instrumental improvisations, building on a unique voice, classical training and unusual tech-saviness. Self produced, independent, engaged, she blurs the boundaries between pure artforms and creative entrepreneurship, and uses her knowledge of the web and social networking to communicate and collaborate with her loyal following in pioneering ways.
Much more than a studio rat, she is an accomplished performer having toured the world with 4 albums – iMegaphone, Speak for Yourself, Details (produced/written with Guy Sigworth in their duo, Frou Frou), and the 2009 Ellipse earning her a Grammy and Ivor Novello award. Her graceful tunes such as signature track 'Hide & Seek' have populated movies and TV shows, accompany dance and theatre performances and more recently, Heap is being sampled by a whole new generation of young rappers and producers. Now, in demand and at the peak of already 15 years of diversified career experiences, she is enjoying exploring how her 'musical ecosystem' can have a positive impact by getting involved in creative projects that think big and outside the box.
Tom Uglow
Tom Uglow is a creative director for Google's Creative Lab in Sydney .
He started a chapter of the Lab in London, and now works with teams in Asia Pacific and around the world on special projects that help connect users with Google & YouTube (especially cultural projects). He speaks graphics geek, a bit of web‑dev, some Python, a touch of digital strategy, remedial A/V and production management and really bad French. He likes php, pen and ink, and carefully organised chaos. He's an ad‑hoc copy-writer, an off‑hand illustrator, a b‑grade coder, and (occasionally) an old‑fashioned book artist...
At the moment his "interests" list contains: webRTC, conspicuous technology, non-linear storytelling, and the physical web... plus a few things that are less tech-geek like dragons, small people and yoga.
Claire Doherty is the founder Director of Situations, an art commissioning and publishing organisation based in Bristol, who were the producers of Nowhereisland, one of the primary public art projects of the Cultural Olympiad in the South West . Over the past ten years, Situations has been responsible for artworks which open up new and surprising encounters in the public realm: from-off artistic interventions (such as Heather and Ivan Morison's Black Cloud now installed at the Hepworth, Wakefield) to cumulative programmes of temporary commissions such as One Day Sculpture, New Zealand.
Claire has worked with artists of international repute including Susan Hiller, Phil Collins, Tim Etchells, Thomas Hirschhorn and Jeppe Hein, with a particular emphasis on new forms of engagement and research. Situations is currently pioneering a new programme of work in Oslo, Norway, along with new works for Bristol by writer Tony White and artist Anna Barriball. Claire has written and lectured extensively on contemporary art commissioning. Her books include Contemporary Art: From Studio to Situation (Black Dog Publishing, 2004); Situation (Whitechapel/MIT Press, 2009), Locating the Producers: Durational Approaches to Public Art (2010) and the forthcoming Out of Time and Place: Public Art Now (2013). She advised the Olympic Park Public Realm Advisory Committee and in 2009, was awarded a Paul Hamlyn Breakthrough Award as an outstanding cultural entrepreneur. She is the Chair of the European Network of Public Art Producers. www.situations.org.uk / @SituationsUK / @ccdbristol


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Personal Responsibility
Tuesday, January 08, 2013
As I am reading the latest issue of FitnessRX, I find an article on The Globesity Cure Fighting Fat and Winning. There is a box titled Personal Responsibility. It states that the major causes of obesity include lack of exercise and diets that are high in calories, the bad fats and refined sugars.
That seems obvious, doesn't it? Yet, many people struggle with weight issues, myself included. I know that, for me, if I were not as active as I am I would be having some major issues with my weight. I still remember when I was at my heaviest and saw my reflection in the doors as I walked up to a building. I did not like what I saw.
I was attending a culinary program at the time and I, along with my classmates, was gaining weight at a fast rate. It did not help that we had access to the donuts, cookies and meals that we prepared. My wake-up call came when a fellow student commented that I eat a lot of sugar. I realized I had a problem since my classmates were noticing and they only saw a small part of what I was eating each day. Unfortunately, that was several years ago and I still eat too much sugar. Not only that, but I eat too much in general.
I often use the excuse that it is too hard to eat healthy because there are so many temptations everywhere I go. However, that is just placing the blame on someone else and not taking responsibility to do what I personally need to do to be healthy and fit.
No more excuses! So, what are things that I can do?
1.) Limit processed foods. Focus on eating foods as close to their natural state as possible. (Translate: Stop eating so much bread and eat my grains intact)
2.) Eat more meals at home. Restaurant foods are often highly processed and prepared with a lot of oil.
3.) Drink more water. I often mistake thirst for hunger.
4.) Keep the fiber intake high. This should be easy if I am eating foods close to their natural state.
5.) Limit my time sitting before my computer screen. Get up and move!
6.) Add weight training to my exercise routine
7.) Keep added sugars to no more than 5% of calories
I received the inspiration for this blog from that article, but it does not match what the author (Thomas Fahey) suggested. The last one I got this one from Jeff Novick on Dr. McDougall�s site and this is the one that I am going to have to work the hardest at achieving.
What are things that you can do to help you reach your goal?
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I pretty much need to focus on the same things you listed. I need to stop eating all the bread and sugar and chips. I need to get up from my desk every hour or so and walk no matter if it is just around the office. I need to drink water like it's my job. These are my diet related goals for 2013.
1267 days ago
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Yes, too true! I think that this is one of the biggest keys to success....Accept responsibility for your choices! You are NOT a victim...
1268 days ago
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Thank you for sharing!!
1268 days ago
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For more information about this meeting, contact Manfred Denker.
|Categorical graphical models
|Seminar on Probability and its Application
|Jason Morton, PSU
|Probabilistic undirected factor graph models generalize graphical models by replacing the clique complex associated to a graph with an arbitrary simplicial complex. The algebraic version focuses on the Zariski closure of the space of probability distributions modeled. Monoidal categories are a categorical formalism with associated graphical languages which are useful in representation theory, quantum information and foundations, and topological quantum field theory. I will describe work in progress on how the notion of discrete undirected and directed probabilistic (and algebraic) factor graph models can be understood in terms of a coherent graphical language for a certain type of monoidal category with additional structure.
Room Reservation Information
|Room Number:
|03 / 25 / 2011
|02:20pm - 03:20pm


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Slowly waiting in the darkness with a dagger is Google's Nexus 5 smartphone, which will be manufactured by LG. But now it seems that two LG Nexus 5 versions have received Wi-Fi certification.
The two models in question are the LG-D820_C and LG-D820_S. I'm hoping the choice of model numbers is deliberate, as we have two models with "S" and "C", just like the iPhone 5S and iPhone 5C. Nice work there, LG/Google. We should see the new Nexus 5 smartphones featuring dual-band Wi-Fi and Wi-Fi a/b/g/n/ac as well as Wi-Fi Direct support. We are hoping to see the Nexus 5 unveiled on October 14 with Android 4.4 KitKat.


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John Blough is a student of social studies secondary education and political science at Lock Haven University of Pennsylvania. In his junior year, he was awarded the 2008 PASSHE Summer Honors Scholarship to study and travel throughout the People's Republic of China with the Commonwealth's brightest students. He works as a photographer and United Nations Pathways Liaison for Lock Haven University's Global Honors Program, and holds several other active leadership positions within. He has also had the opportunity to present research at several regional and national conferences, including a 2008 National Collegiate Honors Council presentation regarding the political economy of Deng Xiapoing's 1970s market reforms. In addition to enjoying thirteen years of digital and 35mm photography, John spends his free time rock climbing, mountain biking, reading books, cooking, volunteering, geocaching, and traveling.
Comment posted.
lindarjoer says
I just love your book!!! I went to China so many years ago!!! Too bad on those days there were no digital cameras!!!
posted at 05:19PM Oct 19 PST
fotutus says Excellent book.
posted at 02:48AM Oct 19 PST
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Days after the PBA Commissioner's Cup opened last Friday, two teams has already notched two wins, while this conference's defending champions fell down with two losses.
We are talking about Barako Bull Energy Colas who delivered a blow to import-less SanMig Coffee Mixers last Friday night. The game proved to be a close one even the Mixers were playing all-Filipino that time against players formerly one of their own, namely Josh Urbiztondo and Jonas Villanueva. The Energy Colas won their first game with score 76-71 and their second game 98-88 via overtime against GlobalPort Batang Pier.
The Alaska Aces also acquired two wins to their team this conference. They beat the Rain or Shine Elasto Painters and their 7-ft-3-in import Bruno Sundov, the tallest this conference, via the heroics made by Cyrus Baguio and Calvin Abueva in the fourth quarter. They won in an 83-81 come from behind victory to upset the last conference's final's runner-up. The Aces also won big over the Meralco Bolts yesterday with their import Robert Dozier vastly improving even against another impressive import Eric Dawson. Dozier posted the game-high 27 points, 14 rebounds and 6 blocks helping his team win with the score 85-81.
The Commissioner's Cup defending champions SanMig Coffee Mixers failed to reacquire the services of last year's Best Import Denzel Bowles and they are now down 0-2 after losing to Petron Blaze Boosters. Matt Rogers of the Mixers, after missing the first game due to food poisoning, debuted against Petron but was dominated by the Booster's Renaldo Balkman. The Mixers were trailed by 21 at the end of the first half and eventually lost the game with the Boosters up 98-73.
Almost a week since the opening day of the Commissioner's Cup, and now here are the team standings as of February 13, 2013:
PBA Commissioner's Cup Team Standings as of February 13, 2013
For more recent PBA Commissioner's Cup 2013 updates and team standings, regularly visit this link.


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Hong Nan Grand Hotel
- Location:
- Address: No.13 Xinhua Road, Xinan Town, Sanshui Dsitrict, Foshan
- Tel: 0757-87728888 (Book this hotel, call 800-2682918)
- Hotel Name in Chinese: 鸿南大酒店
- Lowest Price: $35
Open in 1999, decorated in 2004, Hongnan Grand Hotel is located in Sanshui District of Fo Shan City in Guang Dong Province, at the cross of Xi Jiang, Bei Jiang and Sui Jiang of Zhu Jiang Delta. It is adjacent to Guangzhou City on the east, connected with Xi Jiao Mountain on the south, against Zhao Qing Ding Lake on the west and backed by Qing Yuan Fei Lai Apex on the north. Situated in the prosperous section of downtown area, it only takes 2-minute drive to Railway Station and 5-minute drive to the Bus Terminal Station.
Hongnan Grand Hotel offers 151 guestrooms of all types with spacious, comfortable, elegant and warm facilities. And all the rooms are well decorated and equipped with modern facilities like air-conditioner, IDD/DDD, broad band access, satellite TV, radio, hairdryer, mini bar, etc. The lobby on the ground floor is gorgeous with sightseeing elevator up to the top of building. The Lotus Pool Foot Massage Center can offer medicine liquid made up of 28 Chinese traditional medicine. The Chinese Restaurant on the third floor has Hong Tu Xuan Hall with 450 seats, also has 10 different-style private rooms provided to guests to choose. In addition, other welcome facilities include large-scale shopping mall, famous brand shop, business center, conference room, recreational center, bar, etc. Also the 24-hour service, laundry service and tickets booking are all valid.
- Prices not include 18% service fee and tax.
- Payment Method: pay using our secure online payment service or pay at the hotel at some hotels.
- Triple/quad occupancy may require an extra bed at extra cost.
Hotel Amenities
|Hotel Services
|Car rentals, Laundry service, Room service, Wake Up Call, 24hr Reception, Permanent English-speaking staff, Business Centre, Copy Service, E-mail, Fax Service
|Room Amenities
|Air conditioning, Alarm clock, Color Television, Cable/satellite TV, Coffee/tea maker, Telephone, Hair dryer, In-room safe, Electronic Lock, Iron and ironing board, Refrigerator, Bath and Shower, Free for Internet
Hotel Amenities: Parking, Air-Conditioned Facilities, Beauty Salon, Business Center, Gift Shop, Meeting Room, Deposit Box at Front Desk, Fire Detector
Dining Facilities: Chinese Restaurant, Cafe, Bar, Lounge Bar
Print the Taxi Directions
- Please drive me to Hong Nan Grand Hotel, thank you!
- 请送我到鸿南大酒店,谢谢
- Address: No.13 Xinhua Road, Xinan Town, Sanshui Dsitrict, Foshan
- 地址: 佛山 三水区 西南镇新华路13号
- Tel: 0757-87728888
Similar Hotels as Hong Nan Grand Hotel
Foshan Aoyuan Hotel
Location: Xiqiao Mountain
From: $ 36
Shunde Longjiang Zhida Hotel - Foshan
From: $ 36
Foshan Qiantu Business Hotel - Foshan
From: $ 34
Check out the list of all 74 hotels in Foshan


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Part of taking charge of your finances is controlling your money to handle old debt, current costs and plan for future needs. Many people are so caught up in the past that the present and future seem unattainable. With a good budget plan and the drive to stick with it, it is possible to cover all the bases. A home run budget is what you need.
Budget Categories
Housing expenses - This category will cover mortgage/rent, property tax, homeowner's/renter's insurance premiums, maintenance, cleaning supplies, utilities, and room furnishings.
Food - Pay close attention to this category that includes groceries, restaurants/take-out, snacks and drinks. It is very easy to lose track of money spent unless you tally all the money spent each day on food and drink.
Transportation costs - Make sure to include the vehicle payment, insurance, maintenance, gas, repairs and any public transportation expenses.
Medical costs - Insurance premiums, co-pays and deductibles, non-medical services, prescriptions, vision and dental expenses must all be part of the budgeted plan.
Clothing costs - Expect that at some point you will need new clothes, dry cleaning or repairs.
Personal - Plan for toiletries, cosmetics and haircuts.
Other insurances - This would include life or other insurances not previously covered above.
Education expenses - Even if your children attend public schools make a plan for school supplies, pictures, yearbooks and even teacher gifts.
Credit Accounts - Plan your monthly payments to each: creditors, banks, department stores, payday lenders or any other unpaid debt.
Gifts - Budget for holidays, birthdays, graduations, weddings and showers. You won't want to be left charging all these costs throughout the year.
Fun - Leave room for recreational activities. Whether is planning a vacation or a night out to the movies, you will want to leave room in your budget for entertainment.
Savings - Don't leave the saving account last on your list and give it the left-overs at the end of the month. Plan a specific deposit amount and date for short-term needs, long-term goals and retirement accounts.
Tithing and Charitable Donations - If you plan on giving, prepare your budget.
Whether you use the envelope system or pay for fancy budgeting software, you will want to make sure to include as much as possible. If you can't measure your money, how can you manage it? Account for all your expenses so you are not caught off guard.


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Masking in Adobe After Effects allows users to cover up, add and subtract sections of an image to create animations or other special effects like the illusion of a ghost. You can focus on certain parts of video footage and use key frames to animate the mask as you create the project.
Mask Selection
Choose the type of mask you want to apply to your creation. The pen tool creates a free-form mask as you draw in the monitor window. This is ideal for masking video clips of people or other objects. The various shape tools create masks as well. Choose from shapes including a polygon, star and rectangle.
Applying a Mask
For the pen-tool mask, click on the screen at the desired start point for the mask. Trace around the edges you want the mask to cover. Double-click or match the end point to complete the mask layer. If you want to use a specified shape, select the shape from the top toolbar. Click and drag on the screen to make the shape. Use the selection's corner points to adjust the shape sizes. On the mask properties, select "Add" or "Subtract." The "Add" tool keeps video footage inside the mask and the "Subtract" tool removes footage inside the mask.
Mask Settings
Once the mask is applied, you can make custom adjustments so it will fit in your video better. The "Mask Feather" tool sets fuzziness around the mask's edges so they will blend with the composition's other objects. The "Mask Path" tool adjusts the mask's shape. The "Mask Opacity" tool shows how much of the mask is visible.
To change and adjust the mask's length for the video timeline, click on the keyframe icon next to the "Mask Path" selection. Set the timeline navigator to the point that you want to change the mask shape. Adjust the mask points around the object, move the timeline navigator and repeat this process until you've gone through the whole video. Scroll through the timeline to see how the mask adjusts positions and appears on the video.