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Zadik, Zvi*; Borondukov, Ela*; Zung, Amnon*; Reifen, Ram†
*The Pediatric Endocrine Unit, Kaplan Medical Center, Hadassah Medical School, Rehovot, Israel; †The School of Nutritional Sciences, the Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel
Received June 14, 2002; accepted June 17, 2003.
Address correspondence and reprint requests to Dr. Zvi Zadik, Head Pediatric Endocrine Unit, The Kaplan Medical Center, Rehovot, 76100, Israel (e-mail email@example.com).
Background: Breast-fed infants grow more slowly than bottle-fed infants. This growth deceleration sometimes alarms health care personnel to the point of considering other forms of nutrition.
Objectives: To evaluate the final adult anthropometric outcome associated with breast or formula feeding during infancy.
Design: Height and weight data were collected from eight well-baby clinics representing various ethnic origins, lifestyles, and socioeconomic backgrounds. Children were measured every 1 to 2 months for the first 6 months, every 3 months until 2 years of age, and yearly thereafter, until they reached their final height. Longitudinal data were collected from 1960 healthy children (961 boys). Overall, 613 of the children were breast fed for 1 year and 218 for 6 months.
Results: The magnitude of the decline in Z scores of breast-fed vs. bottle-fed infants, between birth and 1 year of age was not as great for height as for weight −0.2 and −0.3 respectively, and disappeared at 2 years of age. The weight for height decreased between birth and the end of the first year in breast-fed children by 0.3 (Z score). Children switched to bottle feeding exhibited a growth spurt. However, there was no difference in the final heights or weights of breast-fed children compared with bottle-fed children 165.3 ± 6.2 (n = 134) versus 164.9 ± 6.4 (n = 195) in females, respectively, and 175.3 ± 6.8 (n = 122) versus 175.8 ± 7.1 (n = 162) in males, respectively. Adult obesity in this sample population (n = 637) was correlated with maternal obesity. Maternal BMI SD correlated with offspring BMI SD at 18 years of age (r = 0.873, P < 0.001) but not with breast feeding. Adult BMI was similar between the breast-fed and bottle-fed groups.
Conclusions: Despite their slower growth rate, breast-fed children reach the same final height as bottle-fed children. Breast-fed infants should be monitored according to specifically designed growth charts. Obesity in adult life is correlated with factors not related to breast feeding.
The current international growth reference from the National Center for Health Statistics (NCHS) is widely used to compare the nutritional status of populations and to assess the growth of individual children worldwide. Recently, concern has been raised regarding the adequacy of these references for assessing the growth of breast-fed (BF) infants.
The NCHS reference was developed in the United States in 1975 by pooling four different sources of data (1). The reference for 2- to 18-year-old children was based on data from three representative surveys conducted in the United States between 1960 and 1975. Data on younger children came from the Fels Longitudinal Study conducted in Yellow Springs, Ohio, during a 46-year period (1929–1975). The children in the Fels study were predominantly bottle fed (BOF) and were all from restricted socioeconomic and genetic backgrounds. In addition, the NCHS reference is characterized by a positive skew in the weight distribution, reflecting substantial levels of childhood obesity (2). Another major concern is that negative deviations of exclusively BF children from the NCHS reference have caused health professionals to diagnose growth faltering, thereby leading to the early introduction of nonhuman milk or other complement. This, in turn, often causes the early introduction of complementary foods with consequent faltering. This concept has gained some attention recently (3–5).
Women often stop breast feeding because they are dissatisfied with the child's growth (6). Health care profes-sionals who notice that the BF child is not reaching the expected achievements based on the NCHS growth curve often encourage bottle feeding. However, prolonged breast feeding has repeatedly been shown to protect against diarrheal disease (7–8) and other infections (9). Dewey et al. (10) suggested that new growth charts are needed for BF infants. Agostoni et al. (5) demonstrated differences in height and weight between BF and BOF infants in Italy, and the differences were later confirmed by Hediger et al. (11) based on a US population. Most studies have been cross-sectional. Moreover, it is difficult to compare the few longitudinal studies. The World Health Organization (WHO) Working Group on the Growth Reference Protocol (12) compared growth data from seven countries and found that Chinese infants were approximately 3% shorter at 12 months of age and Indian infants weighed as much as 15% less than did Australian infants. In Bangladeshi children, a low growth velocity persisted to 3 years of age (12). Controversy exists concerning the long-term effects of breast feeding. Whether breast feeding is protective against obesity in children and adolescents is under debate; while von Kries et al. (13) and Tulldahl et al. (14) report a protective effect of breast feeding against obesity, Hediger et al. (15) found no support for the theory. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the growth of BF infants from different ethnic origins in relation to the NCHS reference for growth. The uniquely diverse population that exists in Israel, with people immigrating from both affluent and developing societies, enabled us to evaluate any potential differences between infants of mothers coming from different cultural and socioeconomic backgrounds. It should be stressed that most of the studies reported to date have been cross-sectional, whereas our report is longitudinal to final height.
Subjects: A database of Israeli-born children was initiated in 1977. Longitudinal data were collected on all children. A total of 1960 healthy children (961 boys) who reached final height at the time of analysis were included in the study. Six hundred thirteen of these children were breast fed for 1 year and 218 for 6 months.
Anthropometry: Weight and length from birth to 2 years of age were measured with the infants naked and with standing height using a wall mounted Stadiometer; weight was measured in underwear thereafter. The weight and length measurement errors were 35 g and 4 mm, respectively, for infants, and 100 g and 2 mm, respectively, for adults.
Catch-up growth was defined as an increase of at least 0.02 SD in Z score for weight and length during a period of 3 months (twice the standard deviation of the expected change in observations of BOF children measured between 3 and 6, 6 and 9, and 9 and 12 months of age) in two consecutive 3-month periods. BOF children were used as our reference base (n = 1129).
Final height was defined as that at which, within 1 year, the growth increment was <0.5 cm. Adult weight was recorded at that time and BMI calculated.
Clinic visiting intervals were 1 to 2 months for the first 6 months of life, no more than 3 months during the following 18 months of life, and yearly measurements thereafter, until they reached final height. At each visit, anthropometric measurements were obtained and recorded.
Inclusion criteria: gestational age 37 to 42 weeks, birth weight of 2.5–5.0 kg.
Exclusion criteria: Apgar score of < 7 or any chronic disease or birth defect.
Breast-fed (BF) group: Growth data on infants being fully breast fed, i.e., given no solids and only minimal fluids (less than 50 mL/day) other than human milk. Two hundred eighteen children were BF for 0.5 year, 613 for 1 year.
Bottle-fed group (BOF): One thousand one hundred twenty-nine children were bottle fed for 2 years. This group included infants who were BF ≤ 2 weeks. Children breast fed 5.5 to 6.4 months were included in the breast fed for 6 months group. Children breast fed 11.5 to 12.4 months were included in the breast-fed for 12 months group. Children breast fed > 2 weeks but < 5.5 months were not included in the analysis. Likewise, children breast fed > 6.5 months and < 11.5 months were not included in the analysis.
The 50th percentile of our population corresponds to the 50th percentile of Tanner-Whitehouse growth charts (16). Cole's reference charts were used for BMI and BMI SDS calculations (17)
Nutrition: On each visit food intake history was recorded and dietary recommendations were made. Each child had a personal health chart record, with information on the duration of breast feeding, the use of supplemental milk formulas and solid foods and the timing of their introduction recorded at each visit.
Statistical analysis was performed using Sigmastat (version 2) and Table Curve (version 4), SPSS Inc. (Chicago, IL). For each child, measurement accuracy was monitored by analysis of the regression line of the child's growth curve (3rd order polynom). Data measurements that deviated more than 2.5 SD from the regression line were eliminated.
Data were interpolated to the nearest month of age using cubic interpolation. Comparison of groups was performed by two-way analysis of variance and t test.
A total of 1960 children (961 boys) reached final height by the time the statistics were calculated; their results are presented in the study. Others did not reach final height by the time the analysis was performed.
Because the difference in size between the boys and girls was ≤ 5%, the groups were combined. Less than 5% of the children were lost to follow-up. Data were collected from eight well-baby clinics, randomly selected, and located in different parts of the country.
Ethnicity, education and socioeconomic level: Children were divided into six ethnic categories: Western European (21.4%), North African (23.1%), Iraqi-Irani (19.2%), Yemenite (15.6%), Ethiopian (6.2%), and Middle Eastern (14.5%). Clinics varied in terms of the lifestyles and socioeconomic backgrounds of the families, with 22% in urban areas, 22% in rural areas, and 56% in suburban zones; educational background: 6% never attended school, 14.3% completed primary school, 66.7% completed high school, and 13% had a higher education. Of the study participants, 5.5% had a very low income, 16.5% a borderline income, and 78% an average income; 19.6% of the BF infants came from borderline- or low-income families.
The first component of our analysis demonstrates that growth patterns of the Israeli-born BF and BOF infants were similar among different ethnic groups who immigrated to Israel from Africa, Asia, and Europe. As an example, Table 1 demonstrates height data of BF boys of different ethnic origin who were followed up to 24 months. There was no significant difference in length or weight within the individual groups (ANOVA within each age group was measured every 3 months from birth to 2 years of age).
The magnitude of the decline between birth and 1 year of age in Z scores of BF versus BOF infants was not as great for height as for weight, −0.2 and −0.3, respectively, and disappeared at 2 years of age. Differences in Z score among groups were analyzed by two-factor repeated-measure ANOVA (gender and length of BF) for each age group (Tables 2, 3, and 4). A similar analysis on the weight for height demonstrated a decrease in Z score between birth and the end of the first year in BF compared with BOF children by 0.3 Z score. The main decline in Z score of weight was noted in BOF boys and girls for weight between 9 and 15 months of age (Table 2), in Z score of length in boys and girls between 9 and 18 months of age (Table 3), and in BMI SD (Table 4) between 9 and 12 months of age.
Children who were switched to bottle feeding exhibited a growth spurt. No differences in final anthropometries were detected between children of different ethnic origins. Table 5 compares final heights of BF and BOF children and their parents. There was no difference in final heights of BOF and BF children of the same sex (t test).
The percentage of children reaching adult height by 18 years of age who were > 2 SD above the BMI mean for gender and age was similar in the BF and BOF groups (12/256 = 4.69% and 18/381 = 4.72%, respectively). Adult BMI was similar between the BF and BOF groups (Table 5). Maternal BMI SD correlated with offspring BMI-SD at 18 years of age (r = 0.883, P < 0.001, n = 256 for BF and r = 0.870 for BOF, and r = 0.873, P < 0.001 for all subjects, n = 637).
In 1994, the WHO Working Group on Infant Growth summarized the data gathered by investigators from six countries in 1992 (18). Additional work along these lines was continued (12). All studies complied with consecutive anthropometric measurements for at least 12 months of term BF infants. The slower growth of BF infants after the first 2 months was more evident in terms of weight than length. The slower growth of BF infants relative to the current NCHS WHO reference may reflect inadequacies in human milk volume or composition, and thus should not necessarily be considered "normal" or "optimal." However, the most striking deviation from the current NCHS WHO reference occurred during the second 6 months of life, when the infants in these studies were receiving solid foods. The data apply to infants with heterogeneous diets. If the infants were not receiving sufficient human milk, they presumably could have made up for this by consuming more solids, unless meal frequency was inadequate or the nutrient quality of complementary foods was poor. Other studies have shown that BF infants self-regulate not only their milk intake (19) but also their energy intake from solid foods (20), and that their energy intakes are not a function of inadequate maternal milk production (19).
There is no way of systematically evaluating the assumption that maximal growth is desirable. One way to determine whether the growth patterns of BF infants are "optimal" is to examine functional outcomes, such as activity, behavioral development, and morbidity. Current evidence indicates that the slower weight gain of BF infants living under desirable conditions is not associated with obvious deleterious functional consequences (20). In fact, there is some evidence that cognitive development is enhanced (21) and that BF infants have lower rates of illness than do their formula-fed counterparts (20,22). One limitation also appreciated by the WHO committee itself in its comprehensive report was the sample size of the data available to the committee: 226 BF children, which is smaller than desirable for estimating the extreme percentiles (i.e., 95% and 5%) of distribution. A sample size of at least 400 (200 males and 200 females) is necessary to estimate the +2 and −2 SD cut-off with 95% confidence within 239 g for weight and 0.6 cm for length. In addition, data were lacking with respect to the second year, when malnutrition is more prevalent. BF children who do not receive supplementation as their nutritional needs increase are at risk for malnutrition. Breast milk alone is probably not sufficient for optimal growth after about 6 months of life (23), and inadequate supplementation at this stage (i.e., the second half of the first year of life) is the most likely mechanism via which prolonged breast feeding could impair growth.
Some investigators have observed that BF children have a reduced appetite for added foods (24–25). It is not clear whether breast milk truly causes anorexia or whether it simply satisfies the child's nutritional requirements (26). Recently, a WHO Working Group compared, in a pilot study, growth patterns of breast-fed infants in seven countries (12), with approximately 120 infants per site. Two to four weekly length measurements were done of breast-fed infants from selected sites in Australia, Chile, China, Guatemala, India, Nigeria, and Sweden. The researchers concluded that the growth pattern of infants from most sites were strikingly similar, but relative to the Australians (the reference category), the Chinese infants were approximately 3% shorter at 12 months of age and the Indian infants weighed as much as 15% less. Could there be genetic or regional differences in growth? Although these results are suggestive, a larger study is needed.
A large-scale longitudinal study, which follows the growth of children from birth, may overcome many of the problems encountered in previous studies. In the study presented here, we monitored the mother's nutritional status, socioeconomic status, ethnicity, and cultural habits through close monitoring at mother and child health care centers and were able to exclude the possibility of malnutrition being a confounding factor in the observed growth pattern.
By restricting our study to these facilities, the suspicion of a relationship between breast feeding and malnutrition can be withdrawn. Nevertheless, the long-term effect of infant nutrition on adult habitus needs to be further explored. Reports on the protective effect of breast feeding against adult obesity were not conclusive (14,15). From our data, it appears that adult obesity in this sample population was correlated with maternal obesity but not with breast feeding.
At this time, mothers should be encouraged to breast feed. The health care provider should take into account that BF children grow in a particular way as long as they are breast fed, and no supplementation should be offered if the child follows a reasonable growth pattern. The final height and weight of BF children does not differ from that of BOF children. Because the NCHS growth curves may not express the growth patterns of BF children, a different growth curve should be established for this group. Such curves, sponsored by WHO, are now in progress.
This article has been cited 5 time(s).
Breast feeding; Bottle feeding; Growth; Obesity; Ethnicity; Final height
© 2003 Lippincott Williams & Wilkins, Inc.
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Evelyn J. Novak, 80, of Strongsville, passed away Wednesday, Jan. 28, 2009, at Medina Meadows Nursing Home.
She was born May 25, 1928, in Cleveland.
Mrs. Novak is survived by her sons, Frank L. Novak Jr. and William J. (Sherry) Novak; grandson, Jacob Novak; granddaughters, Cassie, Meagan, Allyson and Lauren Novak; and brother, Frank (Marietta) Bagi.
She was preceded in death by her husband, Frank L. Novak, and sisters, June (James) Walsh and Diane (Paul) Floreske.
Service: 10 a.m. Tuesday at St. John Neumann Church, 16271 Pearl Road, Strongsville.
Burial: Sunset Memorial Park, North Olmsted.
Visiting hours: 2 to 4 and 6 to 8 p.m. Monday at Tomon and Sons Funeral Home, 7327 Pearl Road, Middleburg Heights.

subset: commoncrawl


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He received his Ph.D. in experimental physics from the University of Basel, Switzerland, 1969. Subsequent work at the Institute of Applied Physics in Basel concerned interface physics of MOS transistors and problems of applied electronics in the field of cybernetic models.
From 1970-1976 he worked at Bell Telephone Laboratories, Murray Hill, N.J., on the design and investigation of Charge-Coupled Devices for imaging and signal processing applications. At Bell Labs he also got introduced to the world of Computer Graphics in classes given by Ken Knowlton. In 1977 he joined the faculty in the EECS Department at Berkeley. He started out by teaching courses on the subject of very large-scale integrated (VLSI) circuits, thereby trying to build a bridge between the CS division and the EE faculty. In the early 1980's, jointly with David Patterson he introduced the `RISC' concept to the world of microcomputers. He was head of the Computer Science Division from 1980 till 1983.
Dr. Séquin is a Fellow of the ACM, a Fellow of the IEEE, and has been elected to the Swiss Academy of Engineering Sciences.
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Author(s): Abelmann, Nancy
ISBN: 9780822346159 / Paperback / 11/1/2009
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Converge Worldwide – Argentina – Church Planting
C. de C. 359
4200Santiago del Estero
Current Prayer Requests
The Hill family ministers in Santiago del Estero, Argentina, where there is extreme poverty and lack of water and food for families. They are praying for a regular meeting place with a roof structure as the homes we meet in are too small, and the meetings and activities need to be held outdoors under the hot sun.
Many families are struggling to find water and to put food on the table. By the grace of God, the Hills were able to find a 700 gallon tank that fit perfectly into the trailer they have and they've been able to haul water to 10 different homes.
The Hills have 5 children: Sara (5/27/88), Amy (3/25/91), Paul (10/18/92), Mark (7/19/95) and Laura (5/16/97).


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Minimum Requirements for an Associate Degree
Home > Academics
> Associate
Degree Programs > Minimum Requirements
Dallas Baptist University offers programs
leading to the Associate of Arts, Associate of Arts (Teacher
Certification Preparation), Associate of Biblical Studies,
Associate of Business Administration, Associate of Christian
Studies, Associate of Interdisciplinary Studies, and Associate of Science degrees. A student
may elect to graduate under the degree requirements of the
official catalog of any year in which the student is enrolled
for classes and receives credit, provided that the period
between initial enrollment and graduation does not exceed
six years. The six-year time frame begins at the final semester
covered by the chosen catalog. The University reserves the
right to change the requirements for graduation at the beginning
of any semester. Such changes will appear in the next edition
of the official
All candidates for an associate degree
must fulfill the following requirements as a minimum:
1. Complete a minimum of 62-75 credit hours, including the general studies degree requirements.
2. Complete at least 30 credit hours in residence at Dallas
Baptist University.
3. Complete 30 of the last 36 credit hours with courses offered
by DBU. If up to six of the last 36 credit hours are taken
elsewhere, prior approval of the subject area dean and the
Registrar must be given.
4. Earn a minimum of 2.00 grade point average in all courses
Minimum GPA Required for Graduation from Dallas Baptist University
DBU requires a minimum cumulative, major, and minor GPA of 2.0 (comprised of transfer and DBU hours).
5. Meet the requirements for a prescribed degree curriculum
and be recommended by the Associate Degree Department for
6. Participate in the graduation program of the University
unless approval is obtained from the Registrar to be graduated
in absentia.
7. Complete one-half of the Chapel credits required for a
bachelor's degree candidate. (Chapel
No student will be allowed to
participate in the graduation exercises of the University
until all of the above requirements for graduation have been
A Christian Mind
Developing a Christian Mind DCM
2301 is required of all traditional students enrolling
at DBU from fall 2004 forward. This course, built on a biblical
foundation, is designed to introduce students to the lifelong
goal of developing a Christian mind, and in the process, to
impart to them a solid understanding of the larger purposes
of Christian higher education and the educational vision of
Dallas Baptist University. Topics addressed include Christian
mind and worldview development, the problem of dualism, Christian
liberal arts education, integrating faith and learning, the
life of the mind, calling, and the implications of Christian
faith across the whole spectrum of life.
for Excellence
One semester of the course Foundations for Excellence FOUN
1101 is required of all first-year and transfer students
who enroll with fewer than 15 credit hours (AP, CLEP, IB,
or dual/concurrent credit earned while in high school does
not count towards these 15 credit hours).
Degree Plan
It is the student's responsibility, as soon as possible
after entering the University, to meet with an associate degree
advisor to develop a plan of study leading to a specific degree.
With the assistance of the advisor, the student outlines the
courses needed to complete the degree. The degree plan developed
between the student and advisor is only a guide. The student
must complete all degree requirements as stated in this catalog.
A degree plan becomes official when it has been approved and
signed by the advisor, the program director, the student,
and the Registrar.
The degree plan will
outline the requirements for the associate degree program
selected by the student. Additional courses (credit hours)
needed to complete the minimum 62-75 credit hour graduation
requirement may be selected by the student as electives. Electives
are courses that can be taken for credit on the selected degree
plan but are not specifically named. These elective courses
can enrich the program of study and allow students to explore
new interests and fields.
General Studies Requirements
The General Studies requirements are designed to develop the
basic understanding and skills needed by broadly educated
men and women in a democratic society. The General Studies
involve a concern for students' intellectual, spiritual,
emotional, and physical growth. In addition, they provide
the core of degree requirements for all associate degrees.
General Studies courses are listed at the 1000 and 2000 levels.
Religion Requirements
The General Studies religion courses provide students with
a general orientation to Christian life, increase the students'
knowledge of the Bible, and provide an avenue for the development
of a maturing Christian faith. All students are required to
take RELI 1301, Old Testament Survey, and RELI 1302,
New Testament Survey.
Advising Tool
student who has not completed the general studies mathematics
requirements for his or her degree plan upon enrolling at
DBU will be required to take the eMAT Advising Tool instrument.
No student will be advised for or permitted to register in any
mathematics course other than MATH 1101 until after having
completed this instrument. Students will be permitted to register
for general studies math courses required for their degrees
upon passing the qualifying segments of the eMAT.
student who does not satisfactorily complete the Arithmetic Skills portion of the eMAT will be required to enroll
in MATH 1101. Any student whose degree plan requires MATH
1303 and whose performance on the Basic Algebra portion of
the eMAT is not satisfactory will be required to take MATH
1300. The eMAT is free and available on the DBU secure website
called "webreg." The eMAT consists of three tests and their
respective study guides. The student must read carefully the
homepage of the eMAT. For example, a specific internet browser
is required.
students must contact their advisor for the web address. New
students will be contacted by the Admissions Office. The eMAT
is an advising tool for all undergraduate advisors and students.
Each test may be taken a maximum of three times and the honor
code must be followed. Contact the College of Natural Sciences
and Mathematics at 214-333-5303 with any questions.
Literacy Requirement
All DBU students are required to develop computer skills.
The educated person of today must learn to handle computerized
information, to identify the source of the information, to
recognize its validity, to understand the assumptions that
were made to generate the information, and to use the results
to make decisions. DBU provides students the opportunity to
begin building life-long skills for using the computer in
a modern world.
Students will have access to computers for
use in computer science and other courses which stress computer
applications. These computers and computer software are in
the DBU Computer Laboratory in the Collins Learning Center.
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Associate Degree Programs:
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PACIFIC PALISADES, Calif. - The Arizona women's tennis doubles team of senior Michelle Gough and junior Lindsay Blau defeated South Carolina's Katarina Markovski and Jennifer Radman, 6-3, 6-1, Thursday, at the Riviera ITA All-American Tournament at the Riviera Country Club.
In singles action, Blau was defeated in the first round at the main draw by Southern California's Jewel Peterson, 7-5, 6-3.
Gough and Blau are set to compete Friday in the quarterfinals.
Main Draw
First Round
Jewel Peterson (Southern California) def. Lindsay Blau (UA), 7-5, 6-3
Main Draw
First Round
Blau/Gough (UA) def. Markovski/Radman (South Carolina), 6-3, 6-1


text:
The U.S. Dollar dropped slightly after economic reports indicated that the Index which gauges consumer sentiment increased more than anticipated. Despite positive news issued by the University of Michigan showing a jump on the index from 83.9 to 85.1 in July, money market investors traded cautiously due to uncertainty over what the Federal Reserve may decide when it meets this week. The report also showed that inflation forecasts dipped from 3.3 to 3.1% in June.
The Yen rallied for the second day in a row versus the greenback after Japanese releases confirmed that consumer prices advanced the most in five years, reducing the possibility the central bank will expand the stimulus program aimed at overcoming deflation. According to official figures, core consumer price inflation in Tokyo reached an annualized 0.4% this month, while economists had predicted it would go up to 0.3%. The Yen strengthened against all of its Forex peers after Asian equities fell the most in six weeks, a factor that raised the appeal of safe havens.
And due to the demand for refuge brought on by the drop in Asian stocks, the Swiss Franc surged to its highest trading price against the U.S. Dollar since June. Once again, currency speculators saw the Franc as a safe haven. And given the uncertainty surrounding Greece's debts, investors decided to sell off the Euro and open positions with the Swiss currency.
In other FX news, the British Pound strengthened against the Euro for the first time in close to one week as investors predicted that upcoming data out of the U.K. would show that approvals for mortgage loans increased and manufacturing activities improved in July. The Sterling extended gains versus the greenback on speculation the Bank of England will announce that financial institutions granted 59,600 loans for the purchase of homes in June, which was the most since spring of 2008. The British currency traded strongly a day after the Office for National Statistics said that the nation's gross domestic product grew at a quicker pace in the second quarter of 2013 as it went from 0.3 to 0.6 percent in the months between April and June.
In the South Pacific, Australia's Dollar continued to climb against its U.S. counterpart on speculation the Federal Reserve will adhere to the current level of stimulus which has helped bolster high-yield assets. The Aussie declined to a 4 1/2 –year low versus the New Zealand Dollar as Forex currency traders increased speculation the Reserve Bank of Australia would likely cut the benchmark interest rate in August.
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text:
I will never hurt you... by AdnarimificationWatch
©2012-2016 Adnarimification
I know it's a random convention photo but I really liked how this one turned out! YOU CAN SEE MY SUPER AWESOME SHOES! AND MY SUPER LAME COMPANION CUBE, that surprisingly got a lot of love and attention...seriously that thing is a piece of crap and I only just painted the box in what...20 minutes.
but yeah, here's GLaDOS again from Portal
but yeah, here's GLaDOS again from Portal


text:
I have installed basic-conky using the following commands:
wget -O basic-conky-eth-u.zip http://goo.gl/n0Jlg
unzip basic-conky-eth-u.zip
sudo rm basic-conky-eth-u.zip
Now how do I remove it?
Even downloaded the startup script using these commands:
wget -O .start-conky http://goo.gl/6RrEw
chmod +x .start-conky
I don't want to continue with it. Can anyone tell how to remove it?


text:
2007: Team tri-captain with Bruno Guarda and Ben Shuleva ... Mustangs' fifth-leading scorer with five points on a goal and three assists ... Played in 21 games, starting 20 ... Scored his lone goal of the season in SMU's 5-1 rout of then-No. 5 Virginia ... Named to All-Tournament Team in 2007 SMU Mi Cocina Classic Tournament ... Registered assists against Missouri State, Tulsa and Bradley.
2006: Saw action in 21 games, including five starts...posted three goals and one assist on 22 shots.
2005: Played in all 23 games, including 12 starts...scored two goals and five assists off of 21 shots (eight on goal)...scored the game-winner late in the contest at Tulsa...2004: Saw action in 18 games...scored two goals on 14 shots...earned All-MVC honorable mention honors.
2004: Saw action in 18 games...scored two goals on 14 shots...earned All-MVC honorable mention honors.
High School: Four-year letterwinner and served as team captain in 2004...two-time All-Orange County first team member and All-CIF first team selection...named to the 2004 Los Angeles Times first team...selected Offensive Player of the Year of the Sierra League...named Mater Dei H.S. MVP...high school team was Sierra League champs in 2003 and 2004...CIF quarterfinalist in 2003...plays club soccer for the Irvine Strikers, coached by Sam George...California state ODP team selection from 1999-2003 (regional team selection from 1999-2002)...has served as captain for club team since 2001...club team a CYSA-S state finalist in 2004 as well as the Premier League champions...member of the National Honor Society and is a four-time listee on the school's Honor Roll.
Personal: Majoring in Finance...full name is Scott Joseph Corbin ... older brother, Bret, was a member of the SMU soccer team from 1998-2001; younger brother, Eric, will be a freshman goalkeeper in the fall of 2008 ... enjoys body boarding, snow boarding and music ... favorite food to cook is pizza ... would most like to visit Australia ... favorite amusement park ride is Space Mountain ... favorite non-soccer athlete is Wayne Gretzky ... has three brothers and one sister ... parents are Bill and Michelle Corbin.


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Has anyone found the secrets to installing and running Lord of the Rings Online on an Ubuntu 11.10 64Bit system?
From http://www.lotrolinux.com/
Important section from the 2nd link:
You'll need to install the Mozilla engine in Wine to get Help/Lorebook and Turbine Store links to work. If your client crashes or shows a black page when accessing the store, you're missing the Mozilla web browsing engine in Wine If you run Linux and you run Beryl/Compiz (or some other 3D Desktop Effects software), disable them before launching LOTRO. The game will run normally, although with somewhat degraded performance. However, many hotkey functions and mouse gestures used in the game will also activate 3D Desktop effects, and could cause the game to crash. If you get odd texture tiling on the ground, disable Anisotropic texture filtering in the LotRO Advanced Graphics settings.
A client can be downloaded from this link.
Note that it is strongly recommended that you use the standard Turbine Client download (Pando Media Booster, PMB) when installing under WINE 1.3.9 or later. Using Wine versions LOWER than 1.3.9 is NOT recommended.
Installing LOTRO
Install LOTRO. DO NOT USE THE MOM DVD FOR THIS! Install a downloaded version. Patching from the MOM [Mines of Moria] DVD will take as long, if not longer than downloading the current installer and patching it. Also, it is no longer possible to "patch-up" from the SOA [Shadows of Angmar] DVD. Download and install PyLOTRO by following the instructions from the PyLOTRO download page.
Configure the PyLOTRO launcher. The settings should be adjusted to fit your system:
Application Wine WINEDEBUG fixme-all WINEPREFIX /home/your-username/.wine Game Directory /home/your-username/.wine/drive_c/Program Files/Turbine/The Lord of the Rings Online Hi-Res Graphics Enabled (or Disabled if you downloaded standard res LOTRO)
Running LOTRO
The first time you run LOTRO it will fail, because it's missing its config files. During the crash it will create them however. From then on it will work fine. If you use the GUI launcher please remember to patch when needed (Tools->Patch->Apply, close when done).
This question seems outdated however since OP specifically mentions Ubuntu 64-bit I suspect it may concern both older and current (13.04) versions of Ubuntu, specifically the 64-bit edition which does not contain the same packages. It is very hard to find the answer, with nearly all advice/tutorials online coming from users of a 32 bit Linux OS.
The Problem
All the guides I found simply mention installing pylotro, and otherwise focus on WineHQ settings. Installation is simply a matter of downloading LOTRO (you can probably download it via Steam under Wine), and creating a Wine prefix to run the installer.
However on Ubuntu 13.04 64-bit (and possibly older 64 bit versions of Ubuntu), the main issue is that you simply can't launch the game with pylotro:
(for some reason, on Ubuntu 64-bit the SOAP message sent to the server by pylotro receives a HTTP 400 Bad Request response, and the XML is empty)
Install pylotro
The Ubuntu PPA is not available. You can install the Python script from source (article)
Patch pylotro
Now apply the special chars and ssl patch to pylotro. The patch is fairly small, so you can do it by hand, it require editing only two files. You will probably need to change permissions first (double check first your PyLotROLauncher is in the same location):
Then just open the following files in a text editor and apply the changes you see on the patch linked above. Be very careful to use the same TABS indentation when you copy the new lines. Use TABS, not spaces. Start pylotro from Terminal after the changes so you will see an error in case you didn't edit the changes properly.
After the patch is correctly applied, the launcher gets past the
For me, the following prefix launched the game just fine on the first try, once
Of course don't forget to go in pylotro > Options and set the following options to the appropriate directories (below is just an example, with a LOTRO folder copied over from a working LOTRO install in Windows, into the wine "prefix"):
For both these games to run you need to install wine(or crossover but i prefer wine)


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Nov. 28, 2007
San Francisco, Calif - Stanford and Cal once again met at St. Francis Yacht Club yesterday for the fourth annual Big Sail Match Race Regatta. After a very successful fall season, the Stanford Varsity team came into this match confident of a win, once again proving dominance of the Bay Area. Competing for the Cardinal in this year's event were seniors Eddie Conrad (helmsman), Evan Brown (tactician), Craig Page, Graham Brandt-Zawadzki, sophomore Leigh Hammel, and freshman Cole Hatton. They were joined on the J-105 by owner's rep Al Sargent '91.
With a few days of practice in the light air conditions expected for the races under their belt, Stanford jumped out to an early lead on Cal in the first match. Finishing well ahead of their opponents, the Cardinal was only one win away from securing the overall win, it being a best of three series. The second race saw an even start between the rivals, with the Stanford boat splitting tacks to go to the right side of the course on the first upwind beat.
Cal was able to capitalize on a significant left shift and led the rest of the way around, evening the series at one win apiece. Going into the final race, Conrad knew he had to act aggressively at the start to secure an early lead. Forcing Cal to draw a penalty in the starting sequence, it seemed that Stanford had the win all but locked up. Freshmen Cole Hatton comented "I was on the bow and saw the panic in the Cal skippers face, after that I knew we had them". Cal drew a penalty at that start and complete it by the end of the race. Cal, however, was able to make a pass on the downwind leg. Fighting hard in difficult conditions, Stanford made a better leeward mark rounding than Cal and led the rest of the way to secure the overall win at the finish of the third match. As race organizer Jaren Leet '59 commented after the racing, "the team fought hard and earned the win, but it was not easy."
Also competing were a team of young alumni consisting of age 40 and under alumni representatives of each university and an alumni masters team. Skippering for the Cardinal in the young alumni race was Scott Sellers `94, who secured an early lead and led all the way around the race course to get an easy win. In the masters division, Dan Buckstaff '88 skippered in a closely competed race. Trailing early on with a penalty against them, the masters team was able to not only pass the opposition but also build enough distance to take their penalty and stay ahead at the finish. This win completed a clean sweep of the Cal opposition in all three divisions. " I am really proud of how the team of 3 generations of Stanford Sailing, pulled together to dominate the Cal teams" commented Head Coach Jay Kehoe, "Coach Storck really worked these guys hard all week", continued Kehoe.
The next competition for the Stanford co-ed team will be the Rose Bowl Regatta, hosted by USC January 5-6.


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July 19, 2012
View photos of the men's basketball team at Andre House
Standing seven feet tall, Jordan Bachynski is someone you would expect to be a great shot blocker, but the ASU center showed off his humanitarian skills while visiting the André House in Phoenix Wednesday afternoon with several of his teammates and members of the Sun Devil men's basketball support staff.
Bachynski, who returned from a LDS Mission in Miami in May 2010, is no stranger to helping those in need.
"One of the tough parts about life today is people don't really appreciate what they have," offered Bachynski. "Coming to places like this just puts it in perspective."
The André House has been part of downtown Phoenix's Capital Mall District for nearly 30 years and offers services that focus on meeting the immediate, basic needs of those who walk through their doors each day.
Each night, at least 25 volunteers are needed to accommodate the over 600 meals per night served to those in need.
"It is humbling to see how grateful they are for what we have done," said Bachynski. "For a lot of them this is the only meal they get and the appreciation you see on their faces makes it all worth it."
Director, Fr. Eric Schimmel, C.S.C. has been with André House for four years and is overwhelmed by the incredible community effort to assist those who are in dire straights. "It is wonderful to see different people from different parts of the community taking time out of their schedule to help other people that are in need," Father Eric stated. "And at the end of the night, realizing, there is not much difference between us."
For Mesa native Jahii Carson, giving back to the community that has supported him has even deeper meaning.
"Being a hometown guy it is important for myself to help in this community and being down here at André House is a humbling experience," said Carson. "They do great work. I had some adversity to fight through last years but it is nothing like what the people here are going through. We are glad to help in any way we can."
Wednesday marked the second recent visit to André House by the men's basketball team and while their duties varied from cutting fruit to washing down tables and chairs, the experience provides a rare bonding session.
"It is great, to be here with my teammates," said Bachynski. "It's a different way to get to know them better and I think it translates to better chemistry on the floor as well."
If you are interested in volunteering at the André House, you can contact the Volunteer Coordinator,Theresa Hipp at firstname.lastname@example.com or by calling 602-255-0580 ext. 302.


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An excerpt from Beyond the Mountain
June 24, 2000 - "You're on belay Steve," Scott says before I have time to look up from organizing the ice screws and nuts and pitons. I climb up 10 feet, place a good stopper in a crack, and lower 15 feet down to my left to gain a ramp. The topo shows this to be ice, but the ice is gone now. The protection is very sparse and the exposure – 1,000 feet of overhanging rock below – is absolute. I belay again, and when Mark arrives before Scott he takes over belaying Scott. I pull off my gloves and breathe on my numb fingers. Vaguely I register the sunrise on Mount Hunter. Wordlessly Mark takes what gear he has and puts it on my harness.
The next pitch starts with steep climbing right above the belay; I know it will be the final piece of this crux section. With butterflies in my stomach, I reach up, twist my picks into a crack, and swing my right heel up high and out to the side. Needing the sensitivity of bare skin, I pull off my gloves with my teeth and stab them into my jacket for safekeeping. I get myself up onto a one-inch edge. My fingers are completely numb. I press them against the hot flesh of my neck to bring back sensation. I place a cam in the rock, replace my gloves, and resume climbing.
The next 100 feet pass in a trance. The moves get harder and harder, the protection gets sparser and sparser, and I hardly notice. My feet stand confidently on ripples in the granite's grainy surface. My tools bite assuredly into the back of a closed-off crack. And then, suddenly and unexpectedly, both feet cut loose, loading my tools. I gasp and pull myself back on. Carefully I climb the final 25 feet to the top.
Belaying on an easy snow slope, I slump my shaking body against the anchor. My mind is wrecked from stress. The topo promises that the hardest pitches are behind us. This snow ramp should take us to an ice field, which skirts almost the entire last rock band to the right. Then two moderate mixed pitches to 17,000 feet. From there it's all hiking to the summit. Steep, exposed, dangerous hiking, but certainly not 5.9 climbing with numb hands, cramponed boots, and no gear.
"No more of that." I think. "Now I can coast. Mark will still be strong, and I can draft for a while now."


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King Oliver: Canal Street Blues (alternate review)
Canal Street Blues
King Oliver's Creole Jazz Band
Off The Record: The Complete 1923 Jazz Band Recordings (Archeophone OTR-MM6-C2)
Joe 'King' Oliver (cornet), Louis Armstrong (cornet), Honoré Dutrey (trombone), Johnny Dodds (clarinet), Lil Hardin (piano), Baby Dodds (drums),
William M. Johnson (banjo).
Composed by Joseph Oliver & Louis Armstrong.
Recorded: Richmond, Indiana, April 5, 1923
Rating: 100/100 (learn more)
The first strain of this original blues by Joe Oliver has often been misinterpreted due to poor reissues of the original recording: What sounds like one cornet playing fully throughout each measure is actually a call and response by two cornets. The second strain (3rd chorus) is based on the famous 19th-century sacred song "The Holy City." But what is really important here is the unity with which this ensemble performs and their collective lilt, swing and conviction. Nowhere is this more evident than in the fifth chorus where the ensemble sails into a most deliberate and compelling riff – one that presages the swing bands of the 1930s. Following two solo choruses by Johnny Dodds (accompanied by the "walking bass" of Bill Johnson's 6-string banjo) the band reiterates the previous riff for two joyous choruses. The anachronistic two-bar coda, built on the augmented 5th of the key, is perhaps the only reminder that this was recorded in 1923.
Reviewer: David Sager
Other reviews for this track:
If you liked this track, also check out
King Oliver: Dippermouth Blues
Johnny Dodds: Blue Clarinet Stomp
King Oliver: Riverside Blues
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Tags: 1920s jazz · cornet · new orleans
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Franck Portier
Toulouse School of Economics, Université Toulouse Capitole and CEPR
Franck Portier is a Professor at the Toulouse School of Economics and senior member of the Institut Universitaire de France. He is interested in macroeconomics, environmental and energy economics. In particular, he has been working intensively on the macroeconomic impact of changes in perceptions about the future. He teaches macroeconomics to both undergraduates and graduate students.
Franck Portier obtained his Ph.D. from Université Paris I Panthéon-Sorbonne.


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Happy first day of November! Visit our flickr page to download our November calendar, or click on the image below to be taken directly to the large version. Enjoy!
Download Our November Calendar!
- -November 1, 2013, 11:06AM
Beautiful! Thanks for posting these on time <3
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Neil Fox is a 1985 graduate of the University of Illinois School of Law. He holds a Master's degree in Labor and Industrial Relations, also from the University of Illinois. His practice has centered on criminal defense at the trial, appellate and post-conviction levels.
From 1985 until 1989, Mr. Fox was a staff attorney at the Washington Appellate Defender Association. From 1989 until 2002, he was a staff attorney and supervisor at the Seattle-King County Public Defender Association. In 2003, he became "of counsel" to the small Seattle criminal defense firm of Cohen & Iaria. He began the Law Office of Neil Fox PLLC in January 2010.
Mr. Fox is admitted to practice in Washington State, the United States District Courts for the Western and Eastern Districts of Washington, the Ninth Circuit Court of Appeals, the Fifth Circuit Court of Appeals and the United States Supreme Court.
In his over twenty-six years of practice, Mr. Fox has handled hundreds of felony and misdemeanor appeals and trials, including capital cases. He has handled numerous post-conviction cases involving non-citizens being deported as a result of criminal convictions. He also has experience with out-of-state and international discovery and extradition matters, as well as sex offender registration issues.
Mr. Fox is qualified, under Washington Supreme Court Rules, to handle death penalty cases at the trial, appellate and post-conviction levels. Mr. Fox is also a cooperating attorney with the Mexican Capital Legal Assistance Program ("MCLAP") which represents the Mexican Government's interest in capital cases in the United States involving Mexican nationals, and worked on capital cases in Washington, Oregon and Texas in that capacity.
In 1997 Mr. Fox was a National Lawyers Guild observer at the Truth and Reconciliation Commission hearings in South Africa. In 1988, he was a member of a human rights delegation to the West Bank and Gaza. In 1990 and 1991, he traveled extensively and lectured about law and human rights in Austria and the former Czechoslovakia. In the late 1970s, he spent a year at Trinity College in Dublin. Finally, in March 2011, Mr. Fox taught criminal law at the Belarusian State University in Minsk, in a program arranged by the Center for International Legal Studies in Salzburg, Austria.
In 2001, Mr. Fox was given the President's Award by the Washington Association of Criminal Defense Lawyers. In 2003, the Washington Coalition Against the Death Penalty gave him the Abolitionist of the Year award. Mothers for Police Accountability named him "Lawyer of the Year" in 2003 "for advocating for difficult cases, doing his homework and making headway where others had given up." Seattle Magazine named him as the Best Public Defender in Seattle in January 2001. Washington Law & Politics has also repeatedly selected him as a "Super Lawyer." Mr. Fox has earned an "AV" Peer Review rating from Martindale-Hubbell, the highest such rating.