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NAND chips find their way into all sorts of computer accessories and storage devices. The NAND memory is often used in flash drives and memory cards. Samsung has announced that it is first to go into production with a new class of NAND chips.
The NAND chips are built on a 30nm process and use 3-bit per cell MLC technology. The 3-bit design offers up to 50% more efficient data storage compared to the 2-bit NAND chips commonly used today.
Samsung reports that the new NAND chips will be first used in USB drives and in microSD cards for data storage. There is no word on when we can expect to see products using the new NAND on the market.


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Inspiration from Maryland
I was so moved by your editor's letter this month. I was the oldest at home when my father separated from my mother. I'll never forget the times she'd have a horrible argument with him on the phone, flee the house in tears and drive off into the night. I became adept at crafting cover stories to reassure my younger brother and two younger sisters. Fortunately, Mom always returned in one piece and my parents eventually remarried. And just as you did, I forgave them both after realizing they were flawed, imperfect human beings just doing the best they could.
Kathleen Koch
Proud Male Subscriber
Dear Lesley, I'm a proud male subscriber, avid reader and lover of MORE magazine since its beginning. My subscription magazine had a different cover for Jamie Lee, several small photos of her, and in the bookstore the cover had one picture of her on the cover which looked so gorgeous I bought it!!! I love to see Jamie Lee on your cover. I'm a guy of style and substance, and I love women the same way, which is why I love your gorgeous magazine each month. Keep the lovely issues coming!!! Can you put Hillary on an upcoming issue? You had her before as an alpha girl, and she is mine, I adore her!
Mike K.
Utica, NY
New Faces Please
I have been a reader of More for several years and thoroughly enjoy your product. I would, however, like to see some new faces on the covers, as you seem to repeat more often than not. Props to all the ladies on the previous covers, but there are many more 40plus women that would be fascinating to read about, such as Melissa Etheridge, Felicity Huffman and Sandra Lee, to name a few. Thanks and keep up the great work.
Teri Lester-Rharbi
Los Banos, CA
Still Young Over 40
Dear Lesley… let me say I love More. It is so refreshing to have a quality magazine targeted toward women over 40. For years, it seemed magazines forgot there are millions of energetic, intelligent and fun-loving women still young over 40. So thank you for what you give us each month.
Keryl Pesce
Survival, Prosperity and Reconciliation
Dear Lesley, Reading your editor's letter in the May More issue had my mouth agape! I was reading my story. The story of me as a 12 year old caring for my little sister and my Mother who took to her bed after my Father left her and there she stayed in her pajamas for the next 5 years. Instead of doing all the things teens do I was relegated to being a caregiver. I deeply resented that my friends had normal lives. Little did we know about depression in the 60's but Prozac certainly would have saved her! I yearned to live with my Father but he married a woman who was very jealous of my relationship with him. Unfortunately there was no boarding school for me but a young boyfriend whom I married way too young to escape the situation with my Mother. Out of the frying pan and into the fire! I am happy to say that I survived and prospered with a long career, a different and very good husband of 30 years, and I was able to reconcile with my Mother before her death at age 66. I do believe for all the burdens in my early life, God has taken care of me in my later life with wonderful loving people to care for, and that care for me. I wish you the same. Best regards,
Barbara Tedesco
Brave and Beautiful
Ms. Seymour, Your May Editor's letter was brave and beautiful. And a part of me cried for that young girl who took on so many adult responsibilities. It seems that you came through this storm intact, but nonetheless it is hard to live this and also hard to write in a major national publication about something so personal.

subset: commoncrawl


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Deliver to the ISS and install the Multi-Purpose Logistics Module (MPLM); Lightweight Multi-Purpose Experiment Support Structure Carrier (LMC); Three-crew quarters, galley, and second treadmill (TVIS2); and the Crew Health Care System 2 (CHeCS 2). ISS six-person crew capability achieved.
AKA: Discovery; ISS-17A.
First Launch: 2009.08.29.
Last Launch: 2009.09.12.
Duration: 13.87 days.


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The WHO is considering cutting its daily sugar recommendations by half | Photo: Loris Eichenberger/shutterstock.com
Experts are proposing cutting the recommended level that people should consume from no more than 10 per cent of their calories from sugar to no more than five per cent, based on fears of heart disease, obesity, and tooth decay, The Sunday Times in the UK reports. The new requirements equate to about five teaspoons of sugar a day − about the same as in a Mar bars or in half a can of a soda.
"It is political dynamite," said Philip James, president of the WHO-affiliated International Association for the Study of Obesity, in the report. "The food industry will do everything in their power to undermine this."
"I would agree with the recommendation to reduce it to five per cent," added Shrinath Reddy, a cardiologist and a member of the WHO panel of experts. "There is overwhelming evidence coming out about sugar-sweetened beverages and other sugar consumption (being linked) to obesity, diabetes and even cardiovascular disease."
According to recent data from the US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention's National Center for Health Statistics, most US adults get a whopping 13 per cent of their total calories from added sugars alone. Not only does that add a lot of extra calories which contribute to making us fat, sugary items often displace healthier items, such as fruits, vegetables, and foods packed with nutrients.
Healthy sugars − is there such a thing? Read here to find out


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January 19, 2012 | Vol. 42 No. 3
While Bruce Bauer is hell-bent on making his Mosquito Lake lodge rise from the ashes, the cause of the fire that destroyed most of the structure may never be known.
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International Journal of Distributed Sensor Networks
Volume 2012 (2012), Article ID 975082, 9 pages
Novel Energy-Efficient Miner Monitoring System with Duty-Cycled Wireless Sensor Networks
1Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics, Department of Electronics and Information Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, China
2Center of Pervasive System, University of Twente, 7500 AE Enschede, The Netherlands
Received 15 July 2011; Revised 29 September 2011; Accepted 13 October 2011
Academic Editor: Yuhang Yang
Copyright © 2012 Peng Guo et al. This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
Target monitoring is an important application of wireless sensor networks. In this paper, we develop an energy-efficient miner monitoring system with sensor nodes. To keep monitoring miners' activities in tunnels, periodical localization and timely data transmission are both required. Since the localization and data transmission much depend on the media access control (MAC) scheme, codesign of localization and MAC scheme is actually needed for the resource-constrained system, which is seldom discussed in existing related works. Moreover, as sensor nodes form an ultra-sparse network with linear topology in tunnels, it is a challenge for existing range-free localization methods to localize targets. In this paper, we propose a localization-MAC codesign approach for the monitoring system under the environment of coal mine. With the proposed approach, the system can achieve higher localization accuracy with low energy consumption and transmission delay, compared with existing range-free localization methods for sensor nodes.
1. Introduction
Target monitoring is an important application of wireless sensor networks (WSNs). With targets being equipped with communication devices, for example, tiny wireless sensor nodes, each target can obtain its location by estimating the distance to some fixed sensor nodes whose locations are known by all targets. A WSN can be formed by fixed sensor nodes and targets, and the location information of targets can be transmitted through the WSN to a station connected with a monitor.
To monitor miners in tunnels, it is indeed needed to locate miners periodically since they change their locations frequently. In addition, locations of miners should be transmitted to the station during the localization period. Moreover, sensor nodes used in the monitoring system are usually battery-powered; thus, low energy consumption should be taken into account in the design of the localization and data transmission. Considering these requirements, challenges of designing an energy-efficient miner monitoring system with sensor nodes in a coal mine could be summarized as follows.(i)Density Restriction for Localization. It is unreasonable to deploy a large number of sensor nodes in coal mine tunnels because their deployment, management, and maintenance are difficult, costly, and labor-intensive. Therefore, it is a big issue for most range-free localization methods to locate sensor nodes deployed with low density in ultra long but very narrow coal mine tunnels. Moreover, as a miner with a sensor node moves around frequently, localization needs to be performed for him even when he is alone.(ii)Energy Restriction for Localization. It is known that a heavy heavy communication overhead consumes much energy which should be strictly limited in the system. Moreover, to work for a long time, sensor nodes usually work in a duty-cycle way according to a sleep schedule. However, existing localization approaches do not discuss how sensor nodes working with a sleep schedule perform the localization.(iii)Time Restriction for Localization. Obviously, the time needed by a sensor node to obtain its location should be lower than the localization period, since the location information of miners needs to be gathered periodically. Furthermore, to maintain high accuracy of the localization, the localization period should be short, as miners may update their locations frequently.(iv)Delay Restriction for Transmission. Obviously, the location information should be transmitted quickly through the monitoring system to the station outside coal mine before the next round of localization starts. However, as tunnels are usually very long, the monitoring system deployed in tunnels has a large hop count which would lead to large transmission delay. Therefore, it is indeed needed for us to reduce the transmission delay as small as possible.
According to the challenges, it is indeed for the miner monitoring system to make a novel codesign of the localization and communication. On the one hand, the localization approach should efficiently utilize activities of sensor nodes, which should be based on the communication schedule. On the other hand, the communication schedule should efficiently support the localization and data transmission to maintain low energy consumption and low localization/transmission delay.
However, existing monitoring schemes usually focus on improving the localization accuracy, while seldom discuss integration design of localization and communication scheme [1–3]. Although some works [4] have discussed the problem of duty-cycled monitoring system in which targets are monitored by duty-cycled sensor nodes, localization accuracy is not strictly required. The targets in the system estimate their locations just by judging whether they are in other nodes' communication range. Therefore, the localization accuracy is low, especially in coal mine tunnels where sensor nodes' communication range is usually very large (e.g., about 100 m for MicaZ nodes). Furthermore, all existing monitoring schemes ignore the problem of location information transmission during the localization in WSNs. In a word, in miner monitoring system, high localization accuracy, low energy consumption, and low transmission delay are all required, which could hardly be achieved by existing schemes.
In this paper, we propose a novel miner monitoring system with codesigning the localization and communication media access control (MAC). The proposed system consists of a number of sensor nodes which are efficiently scheduled for both localization and data transmission. Meanwhile, sensor nodes wake up in a level-by-level offset way to achieve very low transmission delay, and each node keeps awake for a short time to transmit a beacon for localization or to receive a data packet about the location information of miners. Moreover, the localization in the proposed system is implemented by opportunistically using the wake-up duration of nodes scheduled for data transmission, which could largely reduce the communication overhead. Compared with existing range-free localization methods, the proposed system can achieve higher location accuracy, and the energy consumption as well as the data transmission delay in the system is very low.
The rest of the paper is organized as follows. In Section 2, related works are presented. In Section 3, the proposed monitoring system is introduced in detail, and the reliability of the proposed system in practical environment is analyzed in Section 4. In Section 5, simulations are conducted to evaluate performance of the proposed system, followed by conclusions in Section 6.
2. Related Works
Generally, existing localization approaches with sensor nodes could be classified as two types of the range-based and range-free. Range-based methods usually employ the distance measured according to the packet arrival time and the angle measured from the angle of arrival signals to calculate the location. Although range-based methods could obtain a high accuracy of localization, it is obtained at the cost of the fast-speed hardware and high energy consumption. Therefore, it is hard in practice to deploy cheap, simple, and reliable sensor nodes for range-based solutions. Other range-based solutions apply the radio signal strength (RSS) to estimate the point-to-point distance [5], and they can be easily implemented. However, due to a dynamic range of the signal strength, it leads to a low accuracy of the localization. Therefore, to improve the accuracy of the localization, an RSS map was employed [3], in which a prior map for the expected RSS is required with extensive measurements at many positions. However, high computational complexity is usually needed in this kind of methods and a dense node deployment is usually expected to achieve high localization accuracy. Moreover, the performance is still much sensitive to the dynamics of the indoor communication environment, due to multipath fading, reflections, diffraction, and interference.
For range-free localization methods, they do not require the availability and validity of the range information, and they have been pursued as cost-effective alternatives for expensive range-based schemes. Most of range-free localization methods are based on the methodology proposed in the ad hoc positioning system (APS) [6], their key idea is to place small fraction of anchor nodes with known coordinates across the network, and locations of other sensor nodes are obtained from the estimated distance to multiple anchor nodes. Obviously, the location error can be masked by features such as node redundancy and data aggregation [7, 8]. However in sparse networks, the performance and accuracy of range-free localization methods greatly deteriorate and the location error will increase to such an extent of more than 100% of the transmission range [6]. Obviously, the sensor network deployed in coal mine is an ultra-sparse network, and miners may even have no neighbors nearby. In addition, as the rate of targets (miners) in tunnels is very small (e.g., 1 m/s) relative to the large communication range of sensor nodes in tunnels (e.g., about 100 m for MicaZ nodes), the typical Monte-Carlo localization method employed in recent existing range-free localization schemes [9, 10] can hardly work. Therefore, in such primitive circumstance in coal mine tunnels, the performance of most existing range-free localization methods will decrease to the same level of the performance of APS.
Moreover, existing localization methods usually focus on the improvement of the localization accuracy, while they ignore the energy consumption of sensor nodes. Recently, some energy-efficient localization algorithms have been proposed to aim at reducing the sampling ratio of mobile sensor nodes during the localization [3, 10]. Since sensor nodes are battery-powered, to work for a long time without being recharged, sensor nodes usually apply a sleeping schedule to sleep in most of the time and to wake up for transmission or reception in a short duration in each duty cycle. Existing energy-efficient localization algorithms do not study how to implement the localization with duty-cycled sensor nodes.
Obviously, low transmission delay, as well as the localization accuracy and energy consumption, is also required to consider in the monitoring system. Currently, some delay-efficient MAC schemes have been proposed for duty-cycled sensor nodes. In [11], according to the demand from their sender nodes, sensor nodes wake up at the appropriate time, resulting in that the MAC scheme can achieve low delivery latency. However, the demand can only be delivered during short duration of nodes active time in each duty cycle, which limits the hop count of the transmission in each duty cycle. That is to say, the average transmission delay in each hop is a fraction of the duty cycle. According to an established directional data traffic path, a sleep schedule was designed in [12], in which all nodes wake up when their sender nodes get data packets and go to sleep as soon as they transmit the packets to their receiver nodes. The data packets can cascade step by step from the leaves of the tree towards the sink without any waiting on the path. Hence, the delay due to sleep latency can be essentially eliminated. For convenience, we call this kind of sleep schedule as level-by-level offset schedule. However, as the wake-up time of sensor nodes is fixed and limited in level-by-level offset schedule, it is challenging for sensor nodes to perform the localization and the gathering of location information.
3. The Proposed Monitoring System
3.1. System Model and the Basic Idea
Figure 1 illustrates a model of the miner monitoring system in a mine tunnel, where each miner takes a sensor node with himself and walks around in the tunnel. For convenience, we call this kind of sensor node as the mobile node in the monitoring system. To cover all mobile nodes in the tunnel, a number of sensor nodes are deployed equidistantly in the tunnel. These sensor nodes are called as anchor nodes. The distance between any two adjacent anchor nodes is , and the maximum transmission range of anchor nodes satisfies .
We suppose that anchor nodes are required to work for a long time without recharging their batteries. In practice, it is unexpected to charge anchor nodes with an electrical cable in tunnels, due to the inconvenience of nodes deployment and expectation of immunity from some critical event, for example, destruction of the cable. Hence, anchor nodes have to work in a duty-cycled way, while we suppose that mobile nodes can keep working during the monitoring, because miners can take mobile nodes out of the tunnel and recharge the batteries. As the current needed by the transceiver of a sensor node is usually about 20 mA, a battery with capacity 1000 mAh can support a mobile node to work for more than two days, which is sufficient for miners working in the tunnel.
Before introducing the details of the proposed monitoring system, we give an overview of the system. During the monitoring, anchor nodes periodically broadcast beacons in each duty cycle with two different levels of transmission power. Each beacon contains the anchor node's ID and the current level of the transmission power. Hence, mobile nodes in the tunnel can estimate their location range according to the beacons that they receive. Then, mobile nodes report their location information to nearby anchor nodes (i.e., action ② in Figure 1), and the anchor nodes will relay the location information to the station outside of the tunnel (i.e., action ③ in Figure 1). With efficiently scheduling the activities of anchor nodes and mobile nodes, there could be no collision among the beacon broadcasting, location reporting, and location relaying, and the transmission delay for the location relaying among anchor nodes can be very low. In addition, based on the schedule, the station in the system can also quickly disseminate some commands to all anchor nodes in the tunnel without needing any extra active time of the anchor nodes.
3.2. Localization
As miners may walk around during the localization, it is meaningless to expect the localization approach to have high location accuracy. For example, suppose that the moving rate of miners is about 1.5 m/s, the period of localization is 3 s, and the transmission delay among anchor nodes is about 1 s. Hence, when the station obtains a miner's location information, the miner may have left the location to a new place meters away. Due to this fact, range-free localization method, with low requirement of the hardware and computation, is employed in the proposed localization approach, although the localization accuracy is not so high as that of the range-based localization methods.
To improve location accuracy, the proposed localization approach sets anchor nodes with two different transmission power levels, which is shown in Figure 2(a). During the localization, anchor nodes periodically change their transmission power levels to achieve different transmission ranges.
It is obvious from the right top part of Figure 2(a) that when the transmission power level of anchor nodes is , anchor nodes could corporately cover all mobile nodes in the tunnel. Moreover, each mobile node can detect at least two anchor nodes if anchor nodes periodically broadcast beacon packets with transmission power . Some mobile nodes may even detect three anchor nodes in some place. For example, a mobile node nearby anchor node in Figure 2(a) may receive beacon packets broadcast by anchor nodes , , and . Hence, by checking the number of anchor nodes detected by mobile nodes, the area between any two adjacent anchor nodes can be partitioned into three location ranges with different detection results.
When the transmission power levels of anchor nodes are , as shown in Figure 2(b), only part of the tunnel could be covered by all anchor nodes. In this case, some mobile nodes can detect only one anchor node, for example, the mobile node nearby an anchor node, while, at some positions, mobile nodes may detect none anchor node, for example, the mobile node in the middle of two adjacent anchor nodes. Through this way, the area between any two adjacent anchor nodes can be partitioned into three new location ranges according to the detection result.
Combining the two partitions illustrated in Figures 2(a) and 2(b), five location ranges can be distinguished within the area between any two adjacent anchor nodes, as shown in Figure 2(c). Mobile nodes can determine which location range it is according to the power level contained in the packets that they receive. Furthermore, as the area between any two adjacent anchor nodes is partitioned into five ranges, the location accuracy of mobile nodes can be effectively improved.
However, the communication ranges of anchor nodes are dynamically changed as the wireless communication environment in tunnels is unsteady in practice. Sometimes, there even could be a special location range (as the shaded part shown in Figure 2(d)), where the detection result is different from those in location ranges shown in Figure 2(c). To handle this new case (as well as all possible cases), in next section, an effective estimation method for location based on wireless link measurement in practice is introduced.
3.3. Anchor Nodes
As described in the previous system model, three tasks are executed by anchor nodes:(i)periodically localize mobile nodes nearby,(ii)periodically gather locations of mobile nodes nearby and transmit locations to the neighboring anchor node closer to the station,(iii)occasionally broadcast command information sent from the station to mobile nodes nearby and the neighboring anchor node further to the station.
To save energy, anchor nodes need to employ a sleep schedule which guarantee anchor nodes to sleep in most time and transmit packets with low transmission delay. Moreover, the sleep schedule should also guarantee anchor nodes to easily perform the localization. According to these requirements, the idea of level-by-level offset schedule is actually much suitable to anchor nodes which are deployed with a linear topology. Based on this idea, the schedule of anchor nodes is illustrated in Figure 3.
As shown in Figure 3, all anchor nodes work in a duty-cycle way. Each of them takes two level-by-level offset sleep schedules. One is for the possible traffic of command broadcasting which is from the station to all anchor nodes and mobile nodes (called as downlink traffic). The other is the periodical traffic of the location transmission which is from anchor nodes to the station (called as uplink traffic). Anchor nodes wake up one by one according to their hop counts to the station and transmit or receive beacon/command/location packets according to the traffics. In this way, packets can be transmitted along anchor nodes without waiting, although anchor nodes sleep in most of the time.
As the downlink traffic of command broadcasting does not always occur, the wake-up duration of anchor nodes for downlink traffic can be utilized for beacon broadcasting and location gathering. To avoid the collision between the location gathering and the possible command broadcasting, mobile nodes always overhear the channel before they send their locations during the location gathering. For example, suppose that a mobile node is going to send its location information to anchor node which is hop counts away from the station; the mobile node should overhear the channel at the time when anchor node wakes up for command reception in advanced. If the mobile node finds that does not acknowledge any command, it can send its location information to at the time when anchor node wakes up for command reception.
Note that the size of duration for downlink traffic is different from that of duration for uplink traffic in the schedule. Within duration for downlink traffic, command or location information of local mobile nodes needs to be successfully transmitted, while, within the duration for uplink traffic, the location information of all miners in the tunnel may need to be transmitted. In practice, the period of localization is usually larger than the length of duty cycle, as shown in Figure 3. There can be several durations for uplink traffic within the period of localization; that is, anchor nodes have several chances to transmit the location information of all miners. Therefore, the size of duration can be set according to the ratio of localization period to duty cycle. Considering the issue of unreliable communication links in practice, retransmission also needs to be taken into account when setting the duration size.
3.4. Mobile Nodes
As described in the aforementioned system model, tasks of mobile nodes are as follows:(i)estimate their locations,(ii)transmit their locations to anchor nodes.
To estimate the location, each mobile node keeps detecting beacon packets and location packets transmitted by anchor nodes. Since the two kinds of packets are periodically transmitted with different transmission power levels, the mobile node can estimate its location according to detection results.
To send its location information to anchor nodes, the mobile node needs to select one of anchor nodes detected by it as the destination. In the proposed system, the mobile node chooses the anchor node detected with largest hop count to the station. This is because that the mobile node needs to overhear the anchor node with smaller hop count to check whether there is command broadcasting, as mentioned previously.
To avoid the collision due to the transmissions from multiple mobile nodes to one anchor node, one of the mobile nodes is elected to gather locations of mobile nodes with the same destination anchor node in advanced. The election is executed during the time when the nearby anchor nodes sleep. Each mobile node broadcasts its location in a randomly chosen time slot before the destination anchor node wakes up for location gathering. Specially, the mobile node broadcasts the packet with its radio module working in data burst transmission mode [13]. As the duration of data burst transmission is only about 80 μs which is much shorter than the sleep duration of anchor node, collision can be almost avoided. When the destination anchor node wakes up for location gathering, each mobile node has obtained a location list, and the mobile node with largest ID is selected to send the location list to the anchor node.
4. Reliability Analysis of the System
In practice system, there are some aspects that should be taken into consideration such as time synchronization, dynamic communication range, and packet loss. We analyze them as follows.
4.1. Time Synchronization
In the proposed system, anchor nodes periodically sleep and wake up to transmit or receive message according to their sleep schedules, and all mobile nodes should be synchronized with anchor nodes to detect packets or transmit their locations. As there could be clock drift for nodes, synchronization is extremely important for the proposed system.
Since anchor nodes are deployed with a linear topology, actually, the synchronization can be easily maintained with the command broadcasting in the system. By using time stamp in the command, the maintenance of synchronization can achieve an accuracy of 2.24 μs with broadcasting command every 15 minutes [14]. The accuracy of 2.24 μs is sufficient for sensor nodes, since they usually need several milliseconds to transmit a packet.
4.2. Dynamic Communication Range
As the communication range of anchor nodes is dynamic in practice, a mobile node in the expected communication range of an anchor node may not receive the packet sent by the anchor node. Similarly, the mobile node out of the expected communication range of an anchor node may possibly receive packet sent by the anchor node. Obviously, the dynamic communication range will decrease the localization accuracy. To solve it, we introduce a novel and simple method for the location estimation in practice.
Before the monitoring system begins to work, communication link measurement in the coal mine tunnel is suggested to be made. Figure 4(a) shows some measurement results about the relationship between the transmission range and power level in real coal mine environments in the Shan Dong province in China. The radio chip used in sensor nodes is CC2420. Figure 4(a) shows the average value of the packet receiving ratio as well as the maximum and minimum value for 200 tests. It can be seen that when transmission power is 1 mW, the transmission range of the sensor node can be up to 120 m, which is much longer than the transmission range of node in indoor environment. On the other hand, when transmission power is 3 μW, the transmission range is about 30 m.
In practice, the transmission power levels of anchor nodes need to be set according to the requirement of location accuracy. Obviously, the lower the power level is, the shorter distance between adjacent anchor nodes should be, and the higher accuracy would be achieved. Suppose that 1 mW and 3 μW are chosen as the transmission power levels in the monitoring system, and the gap of anchor nodes is set to be . It can be seen that the transmission range of anchor nodes with power level 1 mW is usually larger than , and the transmission range of anchor nodes with 3 μW is usually smaller than . To list all possible detection results of mobile nodes, it is sufficient to just observe the range of around an anchor node , as shown in Figure 4(b) where the transmission ranges of anchor nodes , , and with 1 mW and 3 μW are illustrated, based on the measurement data in Figure 4(a). It can be seen that the size of each region outlined in Figure 4(b) actually stands for the probability for one kind of detection result. For example, region A is above the curve for "node with power 3 μW", while is below the curve for "node with power 1 mW" and the curve for "node with power 1 mW". Hence, the size of region A can denote the probability for the detection result that a mobile node can only detect anchor node and with power level 1 mW. To estimate the location according to one detection result, the maximum height of the corresponding region at all possible positions is searched, and the location corresponding to the maximum height would be the mobile node's location with the highest probability.
In addition, as there may be several duty cycles in each period of localization, the location error can be reduced by averaging the multiple locations estimated.
4.3. Packets Loss and Data Recovery
Although an anchor node could be well covered by the transmission range of its adjacent anchor node, packet transmission between them may still be possible to fail with a small probability. In addition, the collision among mobile nodes may also be possible to take place. The failed transmission and collision obviously results in packets loss, and retransmitting lost packets surely cause extra transmission delay. If the extra transmission delay leads to the outcome that the total transmission delay would be larger than the period of localization, the packet has to be dropped.
It is acceptable for monitoring system to lose some location packets, because mobile nodes are periodically localized and their locations are periodically updated. Moreover, the lost location information can even be recovered with those locations successfully received by the station. For example, suppose that mobile node 's locations in the th and th period of localization are successfully transmitted to the station, while the location in the th period of localization is lost. The station can recover the lost location as the middle of the two locations in the th and th period of localization. To solve more complex cases, methods in numerical analysis theory can be applied, and the location error can also be flatted in this way.
5. Performance Evaluation of the System
We give some simulations with an example for the proposed system, showing the location accuracy of the proposed localization approach.
5.1. Simulations for Localization
Suppose that a monitoring system consisting of some anchor nodes and mobile nodes is deployed in a tunnel. The maximum hop count in the system is 20, that is, the number of anchor nodes is 20. The period of localization is required to be 3 s, and the length of duty cycle should be no shorter than 1 s based on a requirement about the lifetime. The duration of anchor nodes for uplink traffic is set to be 1/20 ms. Since the location information of all mobile nodes should be transmitted to the station within 3 s, at least one third of the location information is expected to be transmitted within the duration in each duty cycle. Assume that the location information of a mobile node as well as its ID can be denoted with two bytes. Hence, about 80 mobile nodes' location information can be transmitted by an anchor node with radio chip CC2420 within 50 ms. Therefore, the proposed system can monitor almost about miners in a tunnel, which is much sufficient in practice. From another perspective, if the real number of miners is far less than 240, for example, 120, it is possible to transmit the same location information twice within the duration, which helps to enhance the link reliability.
We use the packet receiving ratio measured in Figure 4(a) to denote the link quality between sensor nodes in simulations. Transmission power levels of anchor nodes are set to be 1 mW and 3 μW. The distance between any adjacent anchor nodes is 100 m. A mobile node is deployed at 10 different positions between two adjacent anchor nodes to measure its location according to the proposed localization approach.
To compare the location accuracy, we choose the basic range-free localization method, that is, APS method in [6], due to the reason that the performance of most existing range-free localization methods is actually equivalent to that of APS in ultra-sparse network with linear topology. In coal mine tunnels, each target usually has just two neighbors (anchor nodes) in most of time, and there could hardly be any more reference provided for the range-free localization. Moreover, as the rate of targets is far small compared with anchor nodes' communication range, the slight movement of targets could hardly bring any change about the connection relationship between nodes in most of time. Hence, under this simple communication environment, most localization methods proposed in existing range-free localization schemes ([8–10] and the references therein) could hardly work. Targets have to estimate their locations just by judging whether they are inside an anchor node's transmission range in these schemes, resulting in the same performance of these schemes as that of APS.
Figure 5 shows results of location estimation at the 10 positions. For each result, we give the average location error with 10 times of estimation. It can be seen that, with alternating transmission power levels, the proposed approach can achieve smaller location error than that of APS under this primitive circumstance with unreliable links. However, due to unreliable links, the location estimated with the two methods is dynamic. During the monitoring, the dynamics can be mitigated by modifying locations according to the continuity of miners movements.
5.2. Simulations for Monitoring
To show the monitoring performance of the system, we set an arbitrary path for a miner between anchor nodes and . The speed of the miner is 1 m/s. Considering that there are three duty cycles with a localization period in the example, since the miner can make a location estimation during each duty cycle, he averages the three locations estimated within each localization period and sends the average result to anchor nodes. Figure 6(a) shows the monitoring results with the proposed approach and the APS method. It takes 180 s for the miner to finish walking along the path. It can be seen that as the speed of the miner is low, he may stay in the same location range for several seconds. The location results estimated are usually dynamic although the miner is still in the same location range, while, when he walks into the middle region between the two anchor nodes, the locations estimated keep invariable even when the miner walks tens of meters away. As a whole, the path estimated with the proposed approach can follow more closely to the real path than that with APS method.
To mitigate the dynamics of localization results and the affection of packet loss during the transmission in practice, a data smoothing technology can be applied for the results. Figure 6(b) shows the paths smoothed with the five-point triangular smoothing algorithm. It can be seen that the proposed system has better monitoring performance than that of the APS.
5.3. Analysis of Energy Consumption and Delay
We analyze the energy consumption and transmission delay of the proposed system as follows.
In the proposed system, the energy consumption due to idle listening is ultra low, as anchor nodes turn on their transceivers only in the determined duration in each duty cycle. In addition, the size of the active duration can be set to be optimal for beacon transmission and location information gathering. Moreover, the localization duty in the proposed system almost causes no extra communication cost except for the periodical beacon broadcasting with a lower level of transmission power in each duty cycle. Therefore, it can be seen that, for a given length of duty cycle (related to the lifetime of anchor nodes) and the traffic load (related to the number of miners in the tunnel), the proposed system is much efficient in energy consumption.
As for the transmission delay, since anchor nodes in the proposed system use the level-by-level offset sleep schedule, packets can be relayed along anchor nodes without waiting for the destination to wake up, and minimum transmission delay can be achieved in ideal environment. To avoid retransmission in next duty cycle due to unreliable communication links, which causes high retransmission delay in the level-by-level offset sleep schedule, larger duration is set for the traffic so that lost packets can be retransmitted within the duration in current duty cycle. As the link quality between anchor nodes is about 91.4% in the example, another transmission chance in the duration could improve the equivalent link quality up to . Hence, packets can be relayed along anchor nodes with little retransmission in next duty cycle, and the transmission delay along anchor nodes with 20 hop counts usually can be about , while, in most asynchronous schedule schemes, sender nodes usually have to wait for a long duration till destinations wake up. The average transmission delay within each hop is about half of the duty cycle, that is, 0.5 s in the example. Hence, the total transmission delay along anchor nodes with 20 hop counts will be about 10 s which is far larger than the localization period required.
6. Conclusions
In this paper, we proposed an energy-efficient miner monitoring system with sensor nodes for coal mine. Specially, a novel codesign solution of the localization and MAC schemes was proposed. With sensor nodes being well scheduled, the localization can be simply implemented by opportunistically using the wake-up duration scheduled for the possible command transmission, which needs little extra communication overhead. The designed schedule for sensor nodes is very suitable for the tunnel environment, where sensor nodes are deployed with a linear topology and time synchronization can be easily maintained. With the proposed schedule, low energy consumption and transmission delay can both be achieved in the proposed mine monitoring system. Moreover, with the transmission power level of sensor nodes being periodically changed, the localization accuracy could be improved.
The work presented in this paper was supported in part by the NSF of China with Grant 60903171, the National S&T Major Project with Grant 2010ZX03006-002, and the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities with Grant 2011TS111.
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- T. He, C. Huang, B. M. Blum, J. A. Stankovic, and T. Abdelzaher, "Range-free localization schemes for large scale sensor networks," in Proceedings of the Annual International Conference on Mobile Computing and Networking (MOBICOM '03), San Diego, Calif, USA, Spetember 2003.
- D. Ma, M. J. Er, and B. Wang, "Analysis of hop-count-based source-to-destination distance estimation in wireless sensor networks with applications in localization," IEEE Transactions on Vehicular Technology, vol. 59, no. 6, Article ID 5447686, pp. 2998–3011, 2010. View at Publisher · View at Google Scholar · View at Scopus
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- 2.4 GHz IEEE 802.15.4 / ZigBee-Ready RF Transceiver, http://www.ti.com/product/cc2420.
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Cortney Dunn Rumors & News
- Height: 6-8
- Weight: 238
- Seasons: Sr (3V)
NCAA Player News
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Sheldon Richardson
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Brock Osweiler
Ohio State football single-game tickets to go on sale July 11, Michigan game costs $195
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Terrence Jones
Terrence Jones hits NBA free agency after Rockets don't tender contract
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Robert Lewandowski
- 1
Moritz Wagner
NCAA Rumors
Watch Duron Carter get ejected for bumping opposing coach during CFL game
Editor's note: Thank you Arizona Baseball for the last four years
Arkansas native commits to play for baseball Hogs
In 1932 Missouri dealt with a football protest, then hired a 23-year old head coach
Who will be BYU's starting quarterback? Hill? Mangum? Still no answers
Dwayne Benjamin signs contract with Bakken Bears of Danish Basketball League
San Francisco Chronicle questions employment of Cal strength coach Damon Harrington
Gators eager to make mark on U.S. Olympic track and field trials
67 days to FSU football: Who was the greatest No. 67 in Florida State history?
Tulsa transfer safety signs paperwork with UGA; Alabama gives permission to talk to grad transfer
Ernst hopes to revive basketball career at Indian Hills
Kentucky Football: July is UK's 2nd-biggest recruiting month
Where Were We When Warren Morris Hit That Home Run?
Thursday afternoon Cardinal news and notes
Maria Michta-Coffey, Miranda Melville qualify for Olympics in 20K race walk
Zack Collins becomes first Hurricane to earn Johnny Bench award
Michigan target Jordan Reid to commit during The Opening
Predicting the future of the NBA's newest Spartans: Bryn Forbes
TDG Food Bracket Campus - #4 Mesa Pizza vs. #13 Annie's Parlour
Dallas defender Devodrick Johnson lists Mizzou in top ten
Ohio State football single-game tickets to go on sale July 11, Michigan game costs $195
Badgers football: Dallas Cowboys lineman Travis Frederick enters 2016 NFL season with high expectations
PHT Morning Skate: Subban trade could be the worst in Canadiens history
One Year to Go
WATCH: Rutgers recruiting on a roll, but where do they go from here?
Connor Shaw, former South Carolina Gamecock QB, released by the Cleveland Browns
How The NCAA's Modified Bowl Selection Process Could Affect Syracuse
Changing of the Guard
It's Phil Booth's time to shine for Villanova Basketball
Position preview: Redskins looking for a Plan B at center
Justin Fuente With An Early Test
Sky Is The Limit - Skyler Howard's Official Junior Highlights Produced By DougityDog
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Health & Pregnancy
When Your Child Has a Headache
Nov. 12, 2001 -- One day, Tyler Upchurch was just a regular kid growing up in Muskogee, Okla. The next day, things were very different.
"He woke up and said he had a really bad headache," recalls his dad, Bill. "It just came on all of sudden."
That headache lasted every single day -- every hour -- for six months.
"It was pretty scary," Tyler tells WebMD.
"You don't know what to think," says Bill. "All these possibilities run through your mind ... brain tumor, you just don't know what. It worried us to death."
They tried the family physician, the hospital emergency room, a neurologist, then a child neurologist referred Tyler to Diamond Headache Clinic in Chicago, where the boy finally got the treatment he needed.
Tyler, his parents were told, was suffering from a rare form of migraine headache.
A Migraine Pioneer
Kids, of course, will try practically anything to get out of school -- the mysterious stomachaches, etc. Even Tyler's emergency room physician didn't take the boy's headaches seriously.
And that's the way it is for many children battling migraines. Their families -- even their doctors -- "ignore the headaches as passing phases of childhood or attention-getting behavior," writes Seymour Diamond, MD, author of the newly released book Headache and Your Child.
He's considered a legend in migraine treatment. Founder and director of the Diamond Headache Clinic in Chicago -- the largest and oldest private headache clinic in the U.S. -- he is author of over 300 scientific papers and more than 20 books on headache.
Diamond has been studying migraines for more than 30 years -- and not just professionally: His two daughters developed migraines when they hit puberty; his mother-in-law also "had headaches all the time," says daughter Merle, now a neurologist and associate director of the Diamond Headache Clinic. "We were a headachy family," she says.
Back then -- in the 1960s and '70s -- migraine sufferers didn't get any respect from doctors, she says.
"Migraine was not a valid neurological complaint," she says. Even in medical school, she remembers a neurologist saying, 'Your dad takes care of crazy people.' "
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Need a 2016 Half.com Promotion Code?
We can email you when we get new promotion codes for Half.com:
We send out over a million notifications to subscibers every day!
$10 off $100 for new customers
Specially Discounted Paperbacks
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15% off when you spend $40.00
Saves you $5 off of a purchase of $50 or more. Can only be used once per person, so you need to use a new email address if you have purchased before
Related Categories:Audio Books · DVDs · Textbooks · Used Books
Half.com offers buyers an online marketplace where they can buy both new and used textbooks, books, music, movies and video games at discounted prices. With one of the largest inventories on the web, Half.com offers everyone the ability to find the best bargains online, quickly and easily. The website restricts its merchandise to the buying and selling of books, textbooks, music, movies, video games and vide games consoles only. Half.com has no merchandise of its own, nor does it occupy space in a warehouse or get involved in the actual merchandise at all. It simply provides an interface for buyer and seller to meet and do business. It offers a place for sellers to list their items, describe them, and assign a price to them. Half.com also allows the potential buyer an online marketplace design to provide a central location for the viewing of the items. Finally, it offers the procedural goings on of the actually fiscal transaction, offering both and standardized method of transaction and money exchange process. There is not a cost charged to the seller on the site, however there is a percentage commission taken by Half.com in order to run the site and pay the bills and make a profit. Half.com takes a small commission on every completed sale, making the transaction still profitable for the seller and at no additional cost (other than the price of the item) to the buyer. As of January 2009, the commission rates were as follows: If the seller sold an item for less than $50, Half.com took a commission of 15%. If the seller sold his wares for more than $50, but less than $100, the commission that Hlaf.com takes is 12.5%. IN the vent that the seller finds a buyer willing to pony up more than $100, but less than $250, Half.com will let the seller keep 90% of the profits, while only pocketing 10% as a commission. Should the buyer feel that the fair asking price falls between $250 and $500, Half.com is content to take only 7.5% as its fee for brokering the deal. And should the seller manage to sell his or her wares for over $500, Half.com takes as its commission, a paltry 5%.
Half.com was founded in 1999 by an American businessman interested in finding new and interesting things to build and develop. Josh Kopelman (who also founded such enterprises infonautics, Turntide, Comcast Interactive Capital, First Round Capital, and others) teamed up with Sunny Balijepali (mostly notable as the founder and directrix of cuts.com). Originally designed to be an answer to online challenge of eBay.com, Half.com actually works in the complete opposite way. Whereas on eBay.com, buyers do the bidding and sellers sit back and wait for the highest bidder to claim the prize, Half.com actually has the sellers doing the bidding for the business of the buyers. The seller can look up the average sale price of the item he or she intends to sell. The Universal Pricing Code (or UPC) is available for search and is the jumping off place for the seller to price his or her merchandise. The buyer then can shop among the sellers and their products to determine which of the products to purchase. For example, if five sellers are selling used copies of the same textbook, the buyer can peruse those sellers to determine which of the options to purchase. The buyer can obviously base the decision on any number of reasons from state of the merchandise to ratings of the sellers.
Speaking of eBay, Half.com was purchased by the bidding giant in 2000 for upwards of $300 million. It integrated the user management system and well as the buy/seller feedback features and account information into the central nervous system of eBay. Intending to eventually shut the site down, once it had all the information it could absorb, but after integrating most of the features that made listing media such as DVDs and CDs so efficient and user friendly, eBay made the decision to keep Half.com open and running because of its massive block of buyers and sellers looking to deal in textbooks.
Navigating the Half.com website is easy and the set up is very user friendly. Again, as Half.com is only interested in the buying and selling of music, movies, video games and video game consoles, books, and textbooks, there is a streamlined feeling to Half.com that is not characteristic of other sites online. The user can choose among books, textbooks, music, games, and game systems. A click on the books interface reveals options such as antiques and collectibles, architecture and design, art and photography, business and autobiography, business and biography, children and teens, computers and the internet, cooking, education and teaching, fiction and literature, history, hobbies and crafts, home and garden, humor and games, law, mathematics, medical, mind and body, nature and animals, parenting and family, performing arts, philosophy, psychology, reference and study aids, religion and spirituality science and technology, social science and politics, sports and recreation, transportation, travel, and true crime. If the user is looking to search for some music, a click on the Music button is all it takes to reveal his or her choices for that search. Blues, Children, Christian and gospel, classical, comedy, country, dj and dance, easy listening, folks, holiday, jazz, karaoke, latin, new age, oldies, R&B, rap, reggae, rock and pop, soundtracks, spoken word, or world music. Movie lovers can shop among a vast number of options as well and for the old school hold out, there are even VHS options to dabble in.
Become a member of one of the most popular destination sites for movies, music and books on the web and begin driving traffic to Half! You can earn up to 14% commission on your sales, and be paid on all transactions during the 30 day cookie duration for each visitor to your site. Promoting Half.com on your site is easy. To begin enhancing your site, Half.com provides you with a variety of compelling tools to help you improve your site experience and optimize your site conversions.
Using Half.com Promotion Codes: Half.com offers discounts and special offers through both text links and banners as well as coupons and promotion codes. If you see an offer on promotioncode.org associated with a text link--the offer will say "Click to Redeem", simply click the link and make your purchase through the window that opens on the Half.com web site. The discount or offer will appear upon checkout if your purchase qualifies. If the offer is associated with a coupon or promotion code, simply click on the code and shop through the page that opens on the Half.com website. Enter the code at checkout to see the updated discount price or free shipping offer if your purchase qualifies.
Codes that appear on promotioncode.org as Staff Picks (those in green boxes, as opposed to blue boxes) have been provided to us directly by Half.com. Other codes may be submitted by our community of users as with any electronic bulletin board. Because of the volume of these user-submitted codes, they are not tested, nor guaranteed to be valid by promotioncode.org. These codes appear in blue boxes. Be sure to read any comments associated with such codes before trying to use them. You may also see at the bottom of some pages code boxes that are colored red. Those contain codes for Half.com which have previously expired, or which our community of users has voted down over time although they might still be valid.


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With his stellar play in net this season, Montreal Canadiens goaltender Carey Price is far from coach Michel Therrien's doghouse. Lucky for the netminder, his two Labrador retrievers are back in theirs.
Price sent a message out on Twitter Monday morning that his dogs, Motty and Duke, had gotten loose Sunday night in the Montreal suburb of Candiac. Fortunately, an area radio station picked up Price's plea. Later Monday morning, the dogs were returned home.
John Masteromonaco had been listening to the broadcast on TSN 690 early Monday morning, hearing of Price's plight.
"Almost at the same time, I see this jogger with two Labradors following him, but the dogs didn't look like they were with him,'' said Mastromonaco to The Canadian Press.
Mastromonaco called the number on the dog tags. When Price's wife answered, she gave him directions to the couple's home and shortly thereafter, the dogs were back with their rightful owners. For his trouble, Price gave Mastromonaco (a longtime Habs fan) an autographed stick.
"He just said, `Thank you very much. I appreciate it. Here's a stick,''' said Mastromonaco.
Prices credits his wife for coming up with the idea to reach out for help on Twitter, saying "She's smarter than me."
"I think it's good karma because I picked up a dog four or five months ago and returned it to the owner, said Price. "What goes around, comes around.''
Hopefully that karma carries over to Tuesday night, when Price will have an entirely different animal occupying his thoughts; as the Canadiens are set to square off against the Boston Bruins in game three of their second round playoff series (which is tied 1-1). Price is 6-1 so far in the postseason, with a .910 save percentage and a 2.54 goals against average.
Suggested Links
- Team USA forward David Backes returns from Sochi with 2 adorable stray dogs
- Milan Lucic has some choice words for Alexei Emelin after hip check
- Babcock, Cooper and Roy named finalists for the Jack Adams Award
- Gold medal-winning goalie Carey Price out for Canadiens due to Olympic injury
- Canada shuts out Sweden 3-0 in gold medal game to repeat as Olympic champions


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Fraud Alerts
A very common type of fraud involves using Craig's List to find consumers who are trying to earn more money. The Craig's List ad is used to find individuals who are selling a product or looking for a job.
Those individuals are then sent a counterfit check (usually for several hundred dollars), and asked to keep a small portion of the check for themselves and wire the rest to another party. Usually that 3rd party is outside of the United States.
Henrico FCU never participates in schemes like this. If you receive an unexpected check in the mail drawn off of Henrico FCU, ALWAYS BE SKEPTICAL. Take these steps to avoid fraud.
Criminals are getting more and more clever. If a deal feels too good to be true, it probably is. Stay safe and smart by being alert to new criminal schemes and tactics.
During a phishing scam the "bad guys" acquire a wide variety of email addresses (or telephone numbers) and contact the entire group, asking for account information for a particular financial institution. You may be contacted even if you don't have an account at the financial institution named. The "bad guys" are just taking a chance that you might.
In many cases, these emails and calls appear to be legitimate. The "bad guys" do a pretty good job of stealing the financial institution's logo and artwork.
YOU SHOULD NEVER RESPOND TO A PHISHING EMAIL. Additionally, you can file formal complaints concerning any suspected fraudulent e-mail with the Internet Fraud Complaint Center (IFCC) at www.ic3.gov. The IFCC is a partnership between the Federal Bureau of Investigation, and the National White Collar Crime Center. You can also feel free to contact Henrico FCU with specific questions.
For more details about phishing, visit the National Credit Union Administration Fraud Prevention.
Many lottery scams originate from foreign countries, but more and more are popping up in the US. If you ever receive a notice about a lottery that you do not remember entering, you should suspect fraud.
The Federal Trade Commission has great information about lottery scams. Here's an link to their site.
Congratulations! You may receive a certified check for up to $400,000,000 U.S. CASH! One Lump sum! Tax free! Your odds to WIN are 1-6. Hundreds of U.S. citizens win every week using our secret system! You can win as much as you want!
Sound great? It's a fraud. Scam operators often based in Canada are using the telephone and direct mail to entice U.S. consumers to buy chances in high-stakes foreign lotteries from as far away as Australia and Europe. These lottery solicitations violate U.S. law, which prohibits the cross-border sale or purchase of lottery tickets by phone or mail.
Still, federal law enforcement authorities are intercepting and destroying millions of foreign lottery mailings sent or delivered by the truckload into the U.S. And consumers, lured by prospects of instant wealth, are responding to the solicitations that do get through to the tune of $120 million a year, according to the U.S. Postal Inspection Service.
The Federal Trade Commission (FTC), the nation's consumer protection agency, says most promotions for foreign lotteries are likely to be phony. Many scam operators don't even buy the promised lottery tickets. Others buy some tickets, but keep the winnings for themselves. In addition, lottery hustlers use victims bank account numbers to make unauthorized withdrawals or their credit card numbers to run up additional charges.
The bottom line, according to the FTC: Ignore all mail and phone solicitations for foreign lottery promotions. If you receive what looks like lottery material from a foreign country, give it to your local postmaster.
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While the world is anxiously awaiting more detailed news on Malaysian Flight 370, let's not ignore the rumble in our stomachs. After all, cognitive thinking does require a source of energy, the best of which being food.
It enables us to process information like, for instance, the recent Geico commercial featuring the popular green, slimy gecko doing the Philly Cheesesteak Shuffle. It was satisfactory to know the little reptile stopped off for a bite on his highly-followed world tour.
If that commercial taught us anything, it's that the culinary scene of Philadelphia may change from time to time, but the one unmovable aspect of the city is the cheesesteak. That much will not change. They're a staple, a tradition that dates back to 1930 when Pat Olivieri brought a future of taste to the forefront of modern cuisine.
Of particular interest to cheesesteak enthusiasts is a small section of South Philadelphia where the neon signs of Geno's Steaks signal the distant taste buds of city dwellers and out-of-town visitors alike.
Everyone flocks to the bright lights of Geno's for the experience, including the little green gecko. The aforementioned commercial is set in front of Geno's (as well as neighboring cheesesteak house Pat's).
Geno's, located on the corner of South 9th Street and Passyunk Avenue in South Philly, has always been host to a stream of life under the successful neon brilliance of the cheesesteak scene, in part because of the hallowed grounds it rests upon. The structure is situated nicely atop the legendary stomping grounds of Pat Olivieri.
But that's not what makes Geno's truly authentic. This thriving corner in South Philly has a reputation for laying down the greasy truth: you won't find better cheesesteaks anywhere!
The actual ordering process must be done with a touch of urban finesse. It has a shape and a structure, and according to many different people, is as simple as what kind of cheese (provolone, American, wiz) you want and whether or not you want fried onions.
Like the famed Soup restaurant in Seinfeld, each patron should know what they want ahead of time to avoid upsetting the hustle and bustle of city folk. After all, it is one of the busiest sites the city offers in terms of food. A little military influence on the ordering process can't hurt.
Now, if you want the full cheesesteak experience order the "provolone with" (the 'with' denoting the addition of fried onions). This is a crowd pleaser for many dedicated foodies and cheesesteak enthusiasts.
The legend is simple: cheesesteaks are a revolving door connecting the previous generation with our generation today. They seem to satisfy the rumbling in our stomachs. Perhaps, for some, these cheesesteaks may make us shuffle.
Regardless, the point is that cheesesteaks make up the axis, of which Philadelphia's culinary enterprise revolves around. But these cheesesteaks have not only withstood time, they've acted as a passage in time. With each mouth-watering descent, the same simple ingredients have been lighting up taste buds since the years before WWII. And they continue to do so today. Funny, how a sandwich can produce such a turning, just like revolving doors.


text: February 8, 2013 by danielae Paper Couture Inspiration Shoot I had so much fun shooting this absolutely stunning paper wedding dress created by the talented Freya Von Strapp Paper Couture and our gorgeous couple Ben & Fiona. A big thank you to Conor Reading for make-up and styling. Music by Yann Tiersen. Posted in Inspiration Shoot. RSS 2.0 feed.


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Marja Samsom to Cook at Sauce; Harlem Shake to Open in May
Plus: celebrate Go Go Curry's birthday, and more, in today's Leftovers.
On May 6, Sauce on the Lower East Side will host guest chef Marja Samsom, who used to cook at the Kitchen Club in Nolita. Ten seats will be available for the six-course tasting menu and reservations can be made by e-mailing email@example.com. Dinner starts at 8:30 p.m. and is $125 a person including wine, tax, and gratuity. [Grub Street]
Go Go Curry will celebrate its birthday at all four of its Manhattan locations on Sunday, May 5. All single-size curries will be $5 and will come with five free topping coupons and a free T-shirt. [Grub Street]
Harlem Shake, the new burger and shake restaurant on 124th and Lenox Ave., will open on May 14. It's outfitted with diner-style bar stools, soda machines, and plastic letter menu boards. Diners have a few weeks to get all of their Harlem Shake jokes out of the way. [Harlem Bespoke]
Legendary Upper West Side bar the Emerald Inn will close this week after 70 years on Columbus Avenue. Tonight it will open with only burgers and appetizers. The bar will reopen on West 72nd Street, and a Kate Spade will go up in its current location. [West Side Rag]


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Eric Bischoff made headlines on Tuesday when he ripped dirt sheets for reporting that Hulk Hogan had a deal with 2KSports to be included in WWE '14. While we quickly dismissed Bischoff's claims, WWE Games creative director Cory Ledesma did an interview about the game that pretty much completely contradicted Bischoff's claims.
Below is an excerpt from Ledesma talking about how critical Hulk Hogan it was to get him in WWE 2K14:
The first hurdle we had was Hulk Hogan. Hulk Hogan is currently not with the WWE. We knew that if we couldn't get Hulk Hogan, we weren't going to have a "30 Years of Wrestlemania" mode. It's just not possible…
Once we could overcome that hurdle and Hulk Hogan was able to get into the game, we knew it was going to be kind of downhill from there.
You can watch the interview at this link or embedded in the video below:
[youtube id="pVcObGR4uto" width="620″ height="360″]


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Energy Sistem EP212 In Ear Monitor Earphones
" Comparing the new Energy Sistem E214 vs SoundMagic PL-30 vs Meelectronics M6-Clear (Westone UM3x also commented on) According to the company's website, this new IEM comes in various colors. The Black model is the E212, Blue is the E214 and so on. All the Energy Sistem models in this line look to have the same components, just made with different color bodies, and different colored..." --willyc32
Crossroads MylarOne Bijou
Crossroads In-Ear
Crossroads MylarOne Bijou 3
# Dynamic driver: 9mm # Impedance: 16 Ohm # Sensitivity: 95dB # Frequency response: 20Hz – 22kHz # Cable: 140cm (Bijou, VB), Y-style, angled 3.5mm gold-plated plug # Accessories: Case, silicon tips, shirt clip, 6.3mm adapter (only Bijou)


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LAS VEGAS – Cameron Wilson used his Texas wedge from the fringe to eagle the 18th Friday at Southern Highlands Golf Club to finish with a team-best even-par 72. Behind Wilson's shining short game, Stanford is fourth at 9-over 297 while host UNLV leads the 15-team field with a 1-under through the first day of the Southern Highlands Collegiate Masters.
Sitting only two shots behind co-leaders Wyndham Clark (Oklahoma State) and Carl Johnson (UNLV), Wilson is tied for sixth among individuals. Five of 80 players finished in the red as the wind altered many scores throughout the day.
Patrick Rodgers and Viraat Badhwar checked in at 2-over with David Boote logging a 5-over 77.
The three-day, 54-hole event continues Saturday morning.
"The course was firmer and faster today than in our practice round, and played tougher as winds were consistently around 20-25 miles per hour," said Conrad Ray, the Knowles Family Director of Men's Golf. "Wilson hung in there and played great. There was a bobble in the middle of his round, but he kept hitting good shots and was rewarded at the end with his eagle on 18."
The front nine for Wilson featured a birdie on the par-5 third. The lefty started the back nine with double bogey on 10 and bogeys on each of the next two holes. Wilson collected himself with a birdie on 16 before shutting the door with an eagle.
Rodgers, the tournament's defending champion, started bogey-bogey-triple. The first three holes were not an indicator of the rest of his day, as he played the next 15 at 3-under.
Boote kept it cool with a 1-over on the front, but had five bogeys on the back nine before closing with a birdie on the final hole.
Badhwar played the front nine at 1-over and recorded a par on the first eight holes of the back half until a bogey on 18 left him at 74.
"This was Viraat's first taste of big-time tournament golf," Ray said. "You could tell he's experienced, as he held himself together really well."
Jim Liu was 9-over heading into the final hole and eagled the par-5, 603-yard 18th to finish with a 7-over 79.


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THIS RESTAURANT IS CLOSED Sirio Ristorante Send to Phone
OpenDinner Tues.-Sat.
- Valet parking & parking garage
- Dress code: Dressy
- Full bar
- Private room(s)
- Reservations suggested
- View
* Click here for rating key
Text data on THIS RESTAURANT IS CLOSED Sirio Ristorante to your phone, or a friend's cell phone.
Sign up to receive the 2016 edition of GAYOT's Annual Restaurant Issue, which will feature the Top 40 Restaurants in the U.S. and more.


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Rated 5 out of 5 by 1 reviewer.
Rated 5 out of 5 by Alwaysweet Different color I loved the turquoise look of this ring online. In person, it is a lot lighter in color and more of a lighter/powder blue than a rich turquoise. However, it's unlike anything I currently own and I love the style and the oval shape. It goes with more pale green and light blue outfits. The style and shape definitely ranks up there. I ranked it lower in expectations due to the color and I did feel that the price was a little steep for it. April 1, 2014
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Xitive Inc has released Stochastik Drum Machine, a full-featured drum machine app for the iPad with a difference. Stochastik lets you set a *probability* that a note will trigger for each step.
The demo video above, via danmusicstoke, demonstrates this with drum and bass and glitch patterns.
Over a thousand samples are included, from classic analog drum machines to acoustic jazz and rock kits. You can mix and match samples to create the perfect kit for each song. You can also import your own samples through iTunes File Sharing, email or the Dropbox iPad App.
Stochastik plays well with other apps. When you bounce your pattern to a wav file, it's automatically put in the clipboard for pasting into other apps. With WIST, you can wirelessly sync with other devices. With background audio, you can let Stochastik lay down the beat while you use a synth.
The one key feature that's missing in action, MIDI support, the developer say is 'coming soon'.
Stochastik Drum Machine is $4.99 in the App Store. If you try it, let us know what you think of it!


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I was born in November 1965 in Saarbrücken/Germany. After my Exams at School I did Collage for Retail and Sales. In 1983 I did my exams at Collage and worked for 5 years in my Parents Orthopedic Shop. In 1988 I felt like going back to College and gaining a Diploma in Chiropody and Podiatry. After I had my Diploma I started my own Podiatry and Chiropody Practice. In 1994 I met my husband and moved away with him. Out of boredom I went back to College and started Advertisement and Marketing Studies. I worked for a wile as an Art Director. When my boss sold his business up I went back to College again and did Studies in HR . I started working in a Recruitment Company where I stayed until 2003. In Summer 2003 I moved with my family to Scotland. I enjoy cooking and baking for family and friends, but I also enjoy walks along the beach and watching the wildlife along the coast.
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Mein schwarzes Tütchen Published December 20, 2009
In Deinem Herzen lebe ich weiter Published December 20, 2009
Loving Calories Published December 19, 2009
Claudia's Culinarities for every occasion Published December 18, 2009
Claudia's Kulinaritäten Published December 12, 2009


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If you don't already know, Hubba Hubba Revue is San Francisco's most amazing, wonderful, entertaining burlesque show. It is held once a month at the famous DNA Lounge. Every month they have a new theme for the burlesque and variety show. This Friday, August 8th, they are bringing their version of Summer Camp meets burlesque. It should make for some great entertainment. You never know who or what to expect, as each show features different entertainers. However, you can count on a great time.
This week's production featuring sexy campers at Camp Hubbawatha should be outstanding. I always love attending the show and follow-up with a late night slice of vegan pizza at DNA.
This weeks show will be starring…
aerialists Kendell & Clee
Laundra Tyme & The Speed Queens
acrobat Genie Cartier
Susie Vavoom
Mistress Illumination (Haiku, Hawaii)
Elle Emme
Jay Siren
Valerie Veils
Mesmer Nettles & Lala
Jet Noir
Pearl E. Gates
Stilletta Maraschino
Lola Martinet
Bunny Pistol
Kara LaFleur
Laika Fox
Gorilla X & the Hubba Hubba Go-Go Scouts!
hosted by Camp Director Kingfish & Coach Slab
Rockin' the Lodge DJ Starr
Hubba Hubba Revue SUMMER CAMP Friday, Aug. 8th (following "Mortified") at…
DNA Lounge
375 Eleventh Street, SF
21 & Up w/valid ID
$15 General Admission
$25 Reserved Seating, Balcony $30 Reserved Seating, Main Floor/Cocktail Tables
See more at: www.hubbarevue.com
TICKETS & SEATING INFORMATION: GENERAL ADMISSION tickets do not include guaranteed seating. RESERVED SEATING is sold by the chair. Seating is at cocktail tables on the main floor, and against the railing on the balcony. Reserved seating ticket-holders will be given wristbands and seated at the event by Hubba Hubba Revue staff. Individuals and groups may be seated together and share tables. Large parties are encouraged to buy tickets as a single purchase.


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Riding Lessons in Wisconsin
Scroll down to browse our newest Wisconsin riding lessons listings or use the quick search on the left to search by farm, trainer, area or discipline.
Do you offer horseback riding lessons? List your WI riding lessons services in our equine business directory - free!
Yorkshire Farm Riding School LLC / April Williams-Ginns - Horse Riding Lessons - Beginner to Advanced
Jackson, WI


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You Make the Difference
Our donors and friends have helped us serve the South Side community for more than 90 years. Contact us to find out more about how you can support our ministry.
The Milwaukee Christian Center has long since recognized the importance and advantage of collaborating with other organizations committed to improving the lives of children, youth, and families.
MCC is member of the United Neighborhood Centers of Milwaukee (UNCOM), a federation of eight social service agencies with roots in the settlement house tradition. Click on the links below to learn more about these organizations, as well as others who work closely with MCC.
Agape Community Center (www.agapecommunitycenter.org)
American Baptist Churches (www.abc-usa.org)
American Second Harvest of Wisconsin (www.secondharvestwi.org)
Children's Outing Association (COA) (coa-yfc.org)
Hunger Task Force, Inc. (www.hungertaskforce.org)
Journey House (www.journeyhouse.org)
Neighborhood House (www.nh-milw.org)
Next Door Foundation: (www.nextdoormil.org)
Northcott Neighborhood House (www.northcotthouse.org)
Silver Spring Neighborhood Center
Milwaukee Youth & Family Development Alliance (www.myfda.org)
My Good Mourning Place (www.mygoodmourningplace.org)
Milwaukee Community Tobacco Coalition
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Yet another partisan liberal "fact-checker" has embarrassed and discredited itself to defend the left's latest crime against the Constitution, the American people, and our troops. This time, it is Politifact, which pretended last week to investigate the left's illegal appeasement of the Taliban (putting five captured terrorist leaders back on the streets in exchange for one apparently America-hating hostage), which Senator Ted Cruz rightly condemned as a major step backward and an outright reversal of decades of US foreign policy.
Staying true to form, the card-carrying DNC activists posing as neutral observers at Politifact responded to Cruz's statement by rushing in to misrepresent the situation as Democrats being unfairly smeared. They began by using their always-obscenely dishonest avatars to brand Cruz's accurate statement as, "Mostly False."
Then they tried to argue that the Taliban weren't really necessarily terrorists (so trading with mass-murdering savages as if they were heads of state with legitimate POWs is thus okay), and dredged up a token leftist RINO from the Bush administration to assure us that appeasement is now normal, mainstream, and sensible (which it is provably not).
They then listed off some isolated cases from hundreds of years ago in which US Presidents briefly negotiated with various thugs and dictators to improve the country's position at the moment...as if such acts are even vaguely comparable to Democrats blindly groveling, appeasing and surrendering to Islamic lunatics at every turn in a post-9/11 world.
And of course, the claim that Cruz made was about recent decades of foreign policy being reversed, so Politifact's irrelevant diversion of bringing up events from two centuries ago (which was clearly aimed at using the Founding Fathers to silence valid objections to treasonous liberal fanaticism) doesn't even make sense on its face.
And for their finale, Politifact then listed off a handful of more recent exceptions to the "never negotiate with terrorists" rule--from Lyndon Johnson, Jimmy Carter, Bill Clinton, and leftist RINO Richard Nixon...as if finding other liberals who have spit in the face of America's principles and values in any way indicates that they never existed.
Using that logic, one could say that the US military does not in fact have a bedrock policy of never leaving a fallen soldier behind simply because Democrats allow veterans to die on waiting lists and abandoned Americans to be dragged through the streets and tortured to death in Benghazi (before apologizing to the terrorists and falsely blaming their savagery on Americans having the right to disagree with Islam in public).
And the kicker: Politifact couldn't let this hilariously biased "fact-check" conclude without adding conservative champion Ronald Reagan to the list...for working around the relentless Democrat refusal to fight back against the Soviets by arming Iran's fight against Iraq (which advanced US interests) to fund anti-communist freedom fighters in Nicaragua (which advanced US interests)...again, none of which is anything like Democrats releasing five high-level terrorist leaders responsible for countless American deaths, merely to appease Islamic lunatics into releasing one utterly despised hostage.
For those mindlessly looking for any excuse to dismiss any and all criticism of Democrats, Politifact's absurd propaganda here looks like overwhelming evidence that Ted Cruz just made up a bunch of ignorant hysteria. But for those of us who haven't turned our brains off to worship at the alter of "change," it looks like exactly what it is: Sleazy partisan spin designed to prop up liberal nonsense and eviscerate those who dare to tell the truth.


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4 Florida Cities Get Perfect Scores From Group The LGBT community needs to look no further than Florida when it comes to the promotion of equality. A human rights campaign not only marked Florida above the national average, four cities got perfect scores.
Florida's Largest Gay Rights Group Endorses Crist Charlie Crist has been endorsed by Florida's largest gay rights group in his run for Governor.
Brad Pitt Donates $100K For Gay Marriage Effort Brad Pitt has agreed to donate $100,000 to help the Human Rights Campaign raise money for its efforts to support same-sex marriage initiatives in several states.


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Are the Miami Dolphins lacking accountability?
I've always thought a football team's head coach and general manager should be the smartest men in the room. And if they're not, they need to hire people who make them look like geniuses.
I'm starting to conclude the individuals behind the wheel of this franchise might be in a little bit over their heads.
There have been too many front-office and coaching moves made this season – the first full year with Bill Parcells out of the nest – where I've been left scratching my head. I don't want to say they've been dumb decisions, but they have certainly opened the door for us to question the organization's football intelligence.
How in the world does the personnel side conclude Austin Spitler, who takes a ton of false steps, is better than AJ Edds? Sure there's plenty we don't know about that decision, especially the special teams aspect, but Spitler isn't starter material, and isn't that the goal?
What makes them think Marc Colombo will stop being a turnstile at right tackle? Vernon Carey should have returned to right tackle weeks ago? Why? Because he's a better right tackle than Colombo, who has allowed a sack each week!
Exactly how, or why are the coaches missing these horrendous angles free safety Reshad Jones is constantly taking in his efforts to impersonate Gibril Wilson? Jones has talent, but why haven't the Dolphins figured out he's really a strong safety, which is what the University of Georgia told most of the scouting community when he left the school early.
Nolan Carroll defending Andre Johnson instead of Will Allen or Sean Smith. REALLY?????!!!!!!
That's a smart strategy (notice the sarcasm). Put your second-worst cornerback on the best receiver in the NFL. If Johnson would have scored that game-sealing touchdown on Smith or Allen it would have been far more acceptable.
Where have the in-game adjustments gone?
I'm sensing a lack of accountability in the 2011 Miami Dolphins, and I'm becoming a bit disturbed by what's going on because that's not like Tony Sparano.
The problem is it starts at the top, and the leadership of this franchise needs to tighten up before they can even start pointing fingers at the players. The game plans have been bad in these past two losses, and the adjustments have been worse.
I addressed some of these issues with WQAM's Michael Irvin today, and while the conversation will send plenty of dirty looks my way in Davie this week, I felt good getting it off my chest.
Those who know me know I don't do knee-jerk reactions, so don't assume this is one. These issues have been bubbling inside me for weeks, since the exhibition season, and I'm puzzled why Sparano and Jeff Ireland didn't notice these issues, and haven't adjusted.
It's one thing to fire a guy like Benny Sapp for a bad performance during a worse game plan. But is that really holding someone accountable?
You can find the audio of our WQAM talk here.
This team needs to tighten up or this season's going to get ugly FAST.


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Wailea Resort Shopping
The Grand Wailea offers a variety of shopping options for your Maui vacation.
- Beach Pool & Store – ext. 4655
The Beach & Pool Store has a variety of beach essentials like water toys, hats, tanning lotions, Maui Jim sunglasses, footwear, waterproof cameras and more.
- Café Kula Marketplace – ext. 4273
Full selection of gourmet goodies. Find hot and cold selections for breakfast, lunch and dinner or stop in for coffee or ice cream.
- Grand Image Boutique – ext 2866
Located at Spa Grande, the Grand Image Boutique offers products used in the spa, including professional skincare, luxurious bath and therapeutic massage oils. Spa Grande logo active wear is also available.
- Pineapple Patch – ext. 4476
Discover fun toys, games, and clothing you won't find anywhere else in Hawaii. Buy something special for your little ones from the Pineapple Patch.
- Christopher Egan Gallery – ext. 4479
Showcasing the extraordinary fine art photographs of Christopher Egan.
- Tradewinds Boutique – ext. 4478
Tradewinds offers a wonderful selection of hats, handbags, sandals, women's resort wear and accessories from Lilly Pulitzer, Karen Kane, XCVI and more.
- Quiksilver – ext. 4957
Check out the latest styles from Roxy and Quiksilver. Discover a wide selection of casual beachwear, surf accessories, watches, sunglasses, luggage and more.
- Cruise (808) 874-3998
Find just the right outfit at Cruise. Browse top designer women's swim and resort wear, custom jewelry and accessories perfect for your Maui vacation.
- Ricky Mia Photography – ext. 4477
Our resident experts at Ricky Mia Photography can capture those perfect Maui moments whether it's a Wailea wedding, vow renewal or family portrait.
- Grand Wailea FedEx Business Center ext. 2448
Our full service Business Center is available for copies, faxes or rental of office equipment. We can also pack and ship nearly anything worldwide.
- Kii Gallery (808) 874-3059
Delight someone you love with breathtaking glass works of art and beautiful exotic Tahitian pearls from this unique gallery.
- Na Hoku – ext. 4937
Home of the "original Hawaiian Slipper" and Hawaii's finest jeweler since 1924, Na Hoku specializes in Hawaiian Jewelry, Tahitian and South Sea Pearls, and is an official ROLEX jeweler.
- Napua Gallery – ext. 4907
Visit our museum collection which features works by Hawaii's most celebrated artists and select works by renowned glass artist Dale Chihuly. Plus, meet premiere Grand Wailea artists.
- Grand Jewels of Wailea – ext. 4932
An exquisite collection of diamond jewelry for men and women offering one of Hawaii's finest collections of platinum, gold, estate and antique jewelry.
- Wailea Breezes – ext. 4475
Put your best foot forward with men and women's footwear. Also features handbags, hats, and jewelry.
- Wailea Gift Shop – ext. 4416 or ext. 4414
Specializing in Maui and Hawaii made gifts, sundries and Grand Wailea logo wear, the Wailea Gift Shop offers a large selection of sundries, island-style gifts and souvenirs.
- Wailea Men's Shop – ext. 4415
The Wailea Men's Shop offers the classic styles of Tommy Bahama, Quiksilver and many others. Every clothing need for a man, all in one place in Wailea.
- Shops at Wailea (808) 891-6770
The Shops at Wailea is home to a diverse group of retailers from Louis Vuitton and the Honolua Surf Company to art galleries and specialty Hawaiian shops.
Visit ShopatGrandWailea.com to purchase Gift Cards, Amenities and Spa Grande products.


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Inherently Funny
A boneless chicken blended with Coca-Cola and additional seasonal ingredients.
Added by a Guest on January 9, 2008 | 3 people like this You Like This | Unlike
But will it blend?
Says Savage Henry on January 10, 2008
why cant i see this so called drink and chiken
Says kabunsha na ka wa desuka on January 11, 2008
i like 2 do da cha cha with da moonshine demon
Says kuku la goo goo mayonaise sandwich on January 11, 2008
Says hAlEy on June 3, 2008
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Sprukts Going To Latvia
Janis Sprukts, a center at AHL Rochester, has been loaned by the Panthers to the Latvian National Team so he can play in the 2010 Olympic Qualifying Tournament Feb. 5 to 8 in Riga, Latvia. Sprukts will return to Rochester and will be eligible to play Feb. 10 in Ottawa as the Americans begin a five-game road trip.
The 26-year-old Sprukts leads Rochester with 28 points (12 goals) in 39 games. He played 13 games with the Panthers in 2007-08 and one game this season.


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Pittsburgh Steelers GM Kevin Colbert knows very well that when your team goes 8-8, things won't be all sunshine and lollipops with the players, but insists that there's no locker room problems with this team.
"Whether you win the Super Bowl or go 8-8, there's no 100 percent harmonious locker room," Colbert said today at the NFL combine, via Gerry Dulac of The Pittsburgh Post-Gazette.
"I don't care where it is. That's exemplified more when you're 8-8. Quite honestly, I'm not concerned about our locker room.
Colbert also addressed the anonymous criticism of LaMarr Woodley: "I was bothered by the fact it was an anonymous comment," he said. "I don't believe any comments made about LaMarr Woodley. LaMarr Woodley has been a significant player on very successful teams and we're happy he's part of our team.
"If you talk to LaMarr, he'll be the first to tell you he was disappointed in his performance. Going forward, he's going to try to erase that season. I don't give any credence to any comment that's not attributed to a player. That's a bigger disappointment to me than anything LaMarr Woodley did or didn't do."