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First, this isn't about vision problems that require glasses. It's about the value of wearing glasses even if you don't need them.
I've thought about this for a number of years as several incidents have happened and each time I thought, this wouldn't have happened if I'd been wearing glasses. E.g. I was out walking and the wind blew something significant in one of my eyes. It stopped me in my tracks while I tried to carefully resolve the problem.
In my younger years, I've had numerous bugs hit me in the eye while jogging. I've had twigs come near hitting me in the eye while walking in wooded areas.
But more to the point, are glasses an asset or a liability in a gunfight? IMO, they are an asset all the way. The main consideration is this. When we go to the range to shoot/train or to a school to train, we always wear glasses. Why? Obviously to protect our eyes from any debris that might come our way from shooting.
Then should we be wearing glasses if we were shooting in a gunfight? What happens if we're practicing and something hits our eye? We stop shooting, and respond according to the severity of the injury. What if something hits our eye, either as a result of shot debris or even wind blown debris, in a real gunfight? We just might die!
So am I suggesting that we wear glasses all the time? No, certainly not - I'm saying we should wear glasses only when we think we may have to fire our gun in self-defense. It's kinda like only carrying your gun when you think you'll need it isn't it?
I'm at a point where my vision is slightly farsighted and I can see quite well without glasses, just not up close. Being farsighted, I've found that I can buy inexpensive, low power (1x or 1.25x), full size lens reading glasses and I can see just as well in the distance and better at arm's length - about where my sights would be.
I find that I'm wearing my glasses (reading glasses that I really don't need, at least yet anyway) more and more. Not to see better per se, but for the protection they provide. Not only do they help protect against wind blown debris, they do the same thing in a gunfight that the do on the range - protect the eyes. It'd be a pretty awful moment if an eye was injured in a gunfight. That could easily decide the outcome.

subset: commoncrawl


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Finding Files in Java
By dannycoward on Mar 24, 2009
No sooner than the latest iteration of the upcoming FileSystem API makes it into the latest JDK7 build than someone is trying it out. Today, Sharon illustrates the use of the API to walk a file tree to look for files (including following any symbolic links) that match a given search criterion.
And if the file you need isn't on your laptop, maybe its on your Java ME phone. Just last week, Vikram did a detailed walk-through of how to use the Java ME Bluetooth APIs (standard API in the current MSA Java ME platform), to hookup to your laptop and push over the file to where you need it.


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Samsung Jet S8003: How To Enable GPS Navigation And Navigation Route 66 For Free
September 29, 2009 how to tutorials No Comments
Samsung Jet S8003 comes with preinstalled GPS navigation and to enable the feature you should follow these steps:
- press *#6984125*# .This will open "Admin settings"
- go to Internals and then enter master key *#9072641*# "Done" and "Confirm" .This will open other "Internals"
- go to LbsApp and then go to "Navigation" , "Enable" and " Save "
The phone will restart and when you open the " menu " you will find the "Navigation" icon
If you want to disable it you follow the same steps.
To get the Navigation Route 66 for free you have to download route 66 from the website and install it on the memory card follow the next steps :
- Go to http://www.66.com/samsung/inde…cat=2&scat=1 and follow the instructions.
- Click the link to start the download.
- Save the file to your PC.
- After you've saved the file to your PC, click the file to run it.
- Follow the instructions until the wizard completes.
- Start ROUTE 66 Sync on your PC. If you are informed that a newer version of ROUTE 66 Sync is available, then please install this newer version.
- Connect your phone to your PC with a USB data cable and select "Mass storage" on the phone screen, then follow the instructions until the wizard completes.
- Create a ROUTE 66 account by going to "File > Create account" and then log in.
- Select "Store > ROUTE 66 Store" and browse the content.
- Identify which products you need and add them to the shopping cart.
- When all free products are in the shopping cart, select "Checkout". If you also want a to buy something then downloading of the content will start automatically after your payment has been completed successfully. The content is first downloaded to the PC and then transferred to your phone.
- Disconnect your phone from the PC..
- Start the navigation application on your phone by selecting "Navigation" in the main menu.


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TechCrunch was the first to break the news Saturday morning that Comcast is set to purchase FreeWheel, the go-to-ad serving platform since 2007 that sends streaming ads alongside the TV networks that stream content online.
FreeWheel is designed to automatically allocate ad inventory, keep track of ad revenue, and accounts for revenue splits between Web sites and content owners. Due to its tracking of the statistical data of ads and successful placement it can help marketers place their ads more cost effectively. Its marketing analysis design can be thought of as an extension of the Pareto theory, which tracks the cause of certain activity profile to produce the most successful results in numbers.
The deal will be officially announced once the rumored $320 million price and terms have been completed according to TechCrunch.
This deal once it is closed will be a provider of ads with one of the biggest distributors, Comcast, of content online and off. Recently, Comcast acquired Time Warner Cable for $45 billion.
FreeWheel has acquired such client luminaries as NBC, FOX, ESPN, Turner and recently added Amazon. When you are perusing through the Internet, you will see your favorite products streaming alongside the content that you are reading. If you were viewing books on Amazon, you will see those titles stream alongside the article you are reading.
This deal will place Comcast head-to-head with Direct TV satellite, a current client of FreeWheel.
FreeWheel generated around $35 million in revenue in 2013, according to a source familiar with the negotiations.
By comparison FreeWheel, is the video equivalent of DoubleClick, the display ad company acquired by Google in 2008 for $3.1 billion. FreeWheel was founded by some of the former Double-Click executives.
In other deal making, Netflix will be paying Comcast for 'direct access to Comcast's broadband network', which will provide much smoother service for those frustrated by Netflix's recent slowdown in a deal of undisclosed financial terms in late Feb.
To see other articles on purchases and joining together of technology companies see the list below in Author's suggestions and view the video atop this article with FreeWheel co-founder and CEO, Jon Heller.
Twitter Victoria Wagner@victoriaross888


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The Medical Staff of St. John's Episcopal Hospital held its quarterly meeting on Tuesday, March 8, at the Lawrence Village Country Club. Presentations were made by the Wound Care Center of St. John's and Norman Saffra, MD, on the diagnosis and treatment of retinal diseases. In the photo were (from left to right): Sheldon Genack, MD, president, Medical Staff; Norman Saffra, MD; Jean Antoine, MD, past president, Medical Staff; Raymond Pastore, MD, Chief Medical Officer; Mark Vine, MD, secretary, Medical Staff; and Nelson Toebbe, Chief Executive Officer. Missing from the photo were Abiola Familusi, MD, vice president, Medical Staff, and Linda Ednalino, MD, treasurer, Medical Staff.
Copyright 1999 - 2016 Wave Publishing Co. All Rights Reserved


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And on July 17, Sandhill Farms hosts Pago chef Michael Richey at the first-ever Utah Outstanding in the Field Dinner.
Outstanding in the Field is dedicated to re-connecting diners "to the land and the origins of their food, and to honor the local farmers and food artisans who cultivate it." A restaurant without walls, its organizers travel across the country and host dinners in various communities, bringing together local food resources and chefs to showcase a region's best. Long dinner tables have been set up in firlds, barns and orchards.
It sounds like an event tailor-made for Utah - community could be the strongest aspect of our growing food scene. The Utah event, Table on the Farm, takes place on Sunday, July 17 in Eden, Utah at Sandhill Farms and Pago's chef Michael Richey is the presiding chef - of course, since farm to table is Scott and Michael's fundamental philosophy.
Over the next month, I'll be posting regular updates on the preparations for this mammoth event - from planning the menu to harvesting the ingredients. Right now, we're glad the weather has finallly turned so the golden beets, purple carrots, fingerlings and sunflowers - not to mention 30 kinds of garlic - will be ready for farmer Pete Rasmussen harvest for Table on the Farm.
Meanwhile, you can buy your tickets here.


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Contact Us
There are various ways to contact us:
You can call the rescue centre between 10am and 4pm on 01269 843 084. We are unable to return phone calls so please try again if your call is not answered. We DO NOT accept telephone calls before 10:00am or after 4:00pm.
You can email us at email@example.com
If you are emailing about adopting a dog or a cat please ensure you include the animal's name in your email and your landline telephone number needs to be included in case we need to contact you urgently.
You can write to us at:
Many Tears Animal Rescue
Cwmlogin House
Visiting Many Tears or Adopting Your Dog from the Rescue
We are open to the public every day from 11:00am to 4:00pm. We have viewing slots every half an hour for people to be shown around. These will start at 11am and the last viewing is at 3:30pm. There is no need to book a time just turn up. This avoids people having to wait too long for a member of staff to show them around. If you are coming to the centre to collect the dog you are adopting please ensure you are at the centre between 11:00am to 4:00pm.
We always welcome volunteers at Many Tears. If you want to come and walk our dogs please come between 10am and 3:00pm. If you want to do more than walk and help with the kennels and are an approved volunteer who has completed an orientation course you can volunteer any time between 07:00am until 4:00pm. If you have not had an orientation talk but want to come and volunteer at the kennels please email the centre at email@example.com and arrange a suitable time to attend to have the orientation talk and then you will be able to help in all areas of the kennels.
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Suppose $V$ is a finite dimensional (real) topological vector space. The first lemma in these notes says that
Every vector subspace of a tvs with the induced topology is a topological vector space in its own right.
But no proof is offered. With Michael Greinecker's answer, it makes sense to me why any subspace of a tvs is a tvs.
I want to further ask, if the topology on $V$ is such that every linear functional is continuous, does the induced topology on $S$ also have that all linear functionals on $S$ are continuous? I think the answer is yes. If $f_S$ is a linear functional on $S$, then $f_S$ can be extended to a linear functional $f$ on $V$. Then for $O\cap S$ open in $S$, $$ f_S^{-1}(O\cap S)=f^{-1}(O)\cap S $$ which is open in $S$? Have I made sense or nonsense? If it is nonsense, could someone give a brief proof so I can see how it is done properly?


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Wet Hot American Summer Showtimes and Tickets
Read Movie Reviews about Wet Hot American Summer Write a Movie Review for Wet Hot American Summer
Dvd Release Date: 2002-01-08
Genre: Comedy,
Rating: R
Duration: 1hr 37min
The setting is Camp Firewood, the year 1981. It's the last day before everyone goes back to the real world, but there's still a summer's worth of unfinished business to resolve. At the center of the action is camp director Beth, who struggles to keep order while she falls in love with the local astrophysics professor. He is busy trying to save the camp from a deadly piece of NASA's Skylab which is hurtling toward earth. All that, plus: a dangerous waterfall rescue, love triangles, misfits, cool kids, and talking vegetable cans. The questions will all be resolved, of course, at the big talent show at the end of the day.
Cast and Crew
- Starring
Janeane Garofalo, Molly Shannon, Marisa Ryan, Christopher Meloni, David Hyde Pierce, Paul Rudd, Marguerite Moreau, Michael Showalter, Amy Poehler, Bradley Cooper, Elizabeth Banks, Ken Marino, Judah Friedlander, Kyle Gallner, Zak Orth, Gideon Jacobs, Samm Levine, David Wain, Kerri Kenney-Silver, Michael Ian Black, H. Jon Benjamin, Greg Korin, Cassidy Ladden
- Directed by David Wain
- Produced by Howard Bernstein
- Written by Michael Showalter, David Wain
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May 10 2012 at 1:03 PM
Lee Timmins
I have just joined the forum in the hope that someone can help. I have an interest in policing during the Hanoverian / Regency period and am putting together a costumed impression of an C18th constable or night watchman. The idea is to set up an interpretive display at various living history events around the U.K. To this end I have assembled a variety of "props" to create interest for the public.
Now - the question is, were there handcuffs in the late C18th? I have trawled the Internet looking for conclusive information as to if there were, and if so what they might have looked like. To date I am none the wiser.
If some kind soul can help then I would be indebted.
Respond to this message
Re: EARLIEST HANDCUFFS - HELP - PLEASE!!!!!!!!
May 10 2012, 2:55 PM
Hi Lee:
A very simple answer, presuming you are wishing to depict a "watch and ward" scenario from 18th century Great Britain: they didn't have any handcuffs.
At most, the individual would have carried a truncheon as a symbol of office, which would range anywhere from the staff carried by the beadle of the parish to a tipstaff wielded by a bailiff or constable.
Re: EARLIEST HANDCUFFS - HELP - PLEASE!!!!!!!!
May 10 2012, 4:50 PM
I will defer to our English police guys around here, but for your purposes, I think what would be historically correct is to outfit your display with a rattle. Almost impossible to describe, but it is a stick, with a thing that whirls around, with a clapper attached, and all made out of wood.
The theory behind the thing was to raise "hue and cry" such that all subjects of the King were alerted to come about to pursue and apprehend lawbreakers. Indeed today perhaps an antique concept when we now deny any personal responsibility for preserving the peace and rely solely upon paid policemen to discharge that responsibility. But, at that time, it was seen as a duty upon all to preserve the King's peace.
Damon Shields
Police Rattle
May 10 2012, 6:09 PM
There are many versions of the "police" rattle. Some have a single reed others have a double reeds. They are extremely loud and were used by the military as well. This model has a folding handle and is fairly uncommon.
Good luck with your display.
Joseph Lauher
Re: EARLIEST HANDCUFFS - HELP - PLEASE!!!!!!!!
May 10 2012, 7:32 PM
I believe that the plug 8 cuffs were made in the late 18th century, but it is unlikely they would have been carried by anyone on the street. The classic Darby seems to have come later in the early 19th century.
Re: EARLIEST HANDCUFFS - HELP - PLEASE!!!!!!!!
May 11 2012, 3:50 AM
It should also be noted that latter adaptations of this contraption were used for mirth and merriment.
Consider the song performed best by Bill Haley & His Comets,
"Shake, Rattle and Roll".
Re: EARLIEST HANDCUFFS - HELP - PLEASE!!!!!!!!
May 11 2012, 3:51 AM
It should also be noted that latter adaptations of this contraption were used for mirth and merriment.
Consider the song performed best by Bill Haley & His Comets,
"Shake, Rattle and Roll".
Re: EARLIEST HANDCUFFS - HELP - PLEASE!!!!!!!!
May 11 2012, 4:35 AM
One of my rattles is identical to Damon's but the retailer is C & W Almond -Marked M&C for Military and Civil. Who actually made them is unknown. The Folding type were used by Police but were replaced with the whistle as the Police were being assaulted with their own lead weighted rattles.
It WAS my belief that the first London Police in the 1830/40s carried an "8" handcuff of some kind probably supplied by Parker and Field 233 High Street,Holborn and manufactured by Hiatt. But the lack of these in collections marked Parker or Field and the higher number of Parker Darby handcuffs suggests otherwise to me. Just my opinion.
May 11 2012, 1:52 PM
Many thanks to all who responded to my query. I am somewhat the wiser.
If ever I can fathom out how to upload photos will show some of the bits and pieces that I have acquired so far for my display should anyone be interested.
Old Police Equipment
May 11 2012, 2:00 PM
Think I have worked this out!!!!!!!!! If there is no image then I apologise (down to senility I'm afraid - also a technophobe).
Original watchman's lantern; early C19th or possible late C18th. Glass is with an antique glass restorer at present and lantern awaiting cleaning up.
2 original watchman's rattles, both single reed. Would like a double reed but haven't been able to source one.
Smaller Metropolitan Police type rattle, generically the same as that with folding handle, made to fit inside special pocket in Met tunic.
Wooden tipstave copied from an original and made for me by a wood turner. Waiting for painting up and cyphering by a local traditional sign writer.
Re: EARLIEST HANDCUFFS - HELP - PLEASE!!!!!!!!
May 11 2012, 3:30 PM
Hey Lee, You got it right except you needed to remove the th_ from the picture url so the pictures would load as full size instead of as a thumbnail.
like this.
Re: EARLIEST HANDCUFFS - HELP - PLEASE!!!!!!!!
May 11 2012, 5:19 PM
Second time lucky. I hope!!!!
18th Century (1700's)
May 11 2012, 9:16 PM
Just to be clear. What you are asking about is - what was used in the late 1700's.
Most of what is shown here are mid to late 1800's.
So the earliest known handcuff makers, as far as we know, are Griffin and Hiatt, either together or separate. If we believe the advertising, they were established in 1780, before Hiatt was born, but when Griffin was 30. Prior to that, the local blacksmith or whitesmith would have been commissioned. The earliest dated cuff I have is 1816 made by a whitesmith in East Retford.
July 24 2012, 5:02 PM
Further to my request some weeks ago. I have read somewhere of early restraints consting of a piece of wood with a leather thong that could be twisted so as to secure someone.
Does anyone know of an artists impression of what exactly these might have looked like?
Jack Tanis
French leather twister
July 24 2012, 7:02 PM
Dear Lee,
This may be to what you refer. The picture is from
Michael Busch
's outstanding Web site.
Michael refers to it as "French Leather Strap Come-Along" as a caption to the thumbnail image on --
The French made wooden-handled nippers utilising rope, leather and braided, coiled steel links to surround the wrist and be twisted.
Re: EARLIEST HANDCUFFS - HELP - PLEASE!!!!!!!!
July 24 2012, 7:39 PM
Is this what your asking about [IMG]
July 26 2012, 4:42 PM
Just what I needed. Much obliged to you.
French Twister
July 26 2012, 4:43 PM
Again I am obliged to you.
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One of the most important decisions you can ever make to improve your existing business or before starting one, is to invest time and money into a well-thought out business plan. A great business plan will be effective in analyzing your current business model or giving you a fresh perspective on your ideas. You will be the one to start your own business and if you are planning on investing your own money, seeking an investor or approaching a bank for a loan, you need to make sure that your model accounts for almost all important factors. If you have taken the step towards starting a business, the first thing you will need is a business plan. Here at Professional Business Plan Writers we have business plan writers that can help you achieve your goals. Our team of highly experienced writers has the market knowledge, resources and ability to produce a document that will streamline your existing business, boost sales or help you get off the right foot. We can take guess work out of the equation and leave you with a professional document that will guide you.
Transform Ideas into Cash Flow with Business Plan Writers
The majority of people hoping to start their business know what they want to do and have an idea in their mind, but compacting everything into a comprehensive, readable and persuasive document that account for all financial aspects, is a difficult. Forget the concept of cheap business plan writers when it comes to your business plan. When you hire Professional Business Plan Writers to design your business plan, all of your ideas will be transformed into profits. Avoid some of the common mistakes made by individuals:
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A High Quality Business Plan from Professional Writers
Every successful business that continues to exist has either initially developed an effective business model themselves or hired an expert to help them with all stage of planning. The majority of great business ideas are often not realized because the idea cannot be outlined in a comprehensive business plan. Without a cashflow to backup an idea, it remains only an idea that is unproductive. Our business plan writers in the United States or Canada can help you develop your business plan to avoid the disappointment of financial difficulties that sometimes occur without a well-thought-out business plan. When you have a well thought out, clearly designed guide it will help you overcome the difficulties of starting a business with only ideas. A business plan will help keep you focused as well as be the guide to achieving your business ambitions. When you trust our team of business plan writers, you will see that we work towards achieving your goals. Contact us for a quote today!
Personalized Approach from Professional Business Plan Writers
With Professional Business Plan Writers your success is vital to our own business! We do not offer a standard template for business plans because each idea and market requires a customized approach. Every business is different and requires a completely different mindset when it comes to marketing, financial assessment or strategic planning. We embrace and incorporate a personalized approach when dealing with our clients. Our business plan writers will deliver a high quality business plan that will realize your idea or you can ask for your money back!


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[kml_flashembed movie="http://www.youtube.com/v/S77zUWqawag" width="550" height="445" allowfullscreen="true" fvars="fs=1" /]
A dreadlocked Lupe Fiasco stars in the video for the all too real new tune, "Around My Way [Freedom Ain't Free]." In his typical memorable flow, Lupe gets down amidst the city with lyrics hitting on the questionable ins and outs of daily living pushed up against the notion of the American Dream.
The track is from Food & Liquor 2: The Great American Rap Album Pt. 1, which will be out on September 25.
Purchase "Around My Way [Freedom Ain't Free]" on iTunes | Amazon


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Tommy Pegram, PGA
Main Address:
Country Club Golf Center
5675 Country Club Rd
Winston Salem, NC 27104-3308
(336) 774-1280
5675 Country Club Rd
Winston Salem, NC 27104-3308
(336) 774-1280
Tommy Pegram is a PGA Professional in Winston Salem, NC. The PGA of America comprises 27,000 men and women professionals with one singular goal in mind - to make the game of golf more enjoyable for you.
Services Offered:
- Instruction
- Play Golf of America Participant
Welcome to Golf Month
National Awards
- 2007 PGA President's Council on Growing the Game
Home » Golf Courses » North Carolina » Lewisville » Tommy Pegram, PGA
PGA of America Championships
Harbor Shores
Benton Harbor, Mich.
Sahalee Country Club
Sammamish, Wash.
Baltusrol Golf Club
Springfield, N.J.
Hazeltine National Golf Club
Chaska, Minn.


text:
Tech Impresses at UTEP Springtime Meet
Jeremy Doddridge set a new personal record at the UTEP Springtime meet Saturday in El Paso.
EL PASO, Texas - The Texas Tech track and field team had an impressive showing at the UTEP Springtime meet on Saturday at Kidd field in El Paso with a total of eight first-place finishes.
Sophomore pole vaulter Jeremy Doddridge set a new personal-best in the pole vault by clearing the bar at 5.20 meters (17'-0.75"). The mark bettered his previous personal best of 16'-1.25" by nearly a foot and Doddridge placed second overall in the event.
Meanwhile, teammates Gil Roberts and Kole Weldon also set new personal best marks on the day. Roberts ran a time of 20.54 in the 200 meter dash to place first. The time currently ranks sixth in the nation. Roberts also placed first in the men's 100 meter dash with a time of 10.37. The time currently ranks ninth in the nation.
Weldon placed third in the men's hammer throw with a personal-best toss of 53.81 meters (176'-6.00"). He also finished second in the discus throw with a mark of 52.49 meters (172'-2.00") and first in the shot put with a mark of 17.31 meters (56'-9.50"). Taji Henely followed in the discus with a mark of 49.55 meters (162'-6.00").
Freshman Killiam Barry placed second in the hammer throw with a mark of 55.70 meters (182'-9.00").
In the women's events, Taylor Evans won the 200 meter dash with a season-best time of 23.56. She was followed by Terra Evans who placed fourth with a time of 23.93. The pair also finished second and third respectively in the 100 meter dash.
Junior Shade Weygandt picked up her second consecutive win in the women's pole vault with a mark of 4.22 meters (13'-10.50"). She won the pole vault last weekend in the season opener at the Willie Williams Classic in Tucson, Ariz., with a mark of 4.16 meters (13'7-75").
Ifeatu Okafor and Kelly Closse placed first and second respectively in the women's discus. Okafor easily won the competition Saturday with a toss of 50.40 meters (165'-4.00"). Meanwhile, Closse followed with a mark of 46.03 meters (151'-0.0"). Both Okafor and Closse also captured the top to places in the women's shot put. Okafor, who entered the meet ranked No. 1 nationally, won with a mark of 16.57 meters (54'-4.50"), while Closse placed second with a toss of 16.25 meters (53'-3.75"). Freshman Adrienne Long placed eighth with a mark of 39.48 meters (129'-6.00").
Closse began the day by capturing a first place finish in the women's hammer throw with a mark of 55.27 meters (181'-4.00").
Following Doddridge in the men's pole vault were teammates Boston Spiva who placed fourth and freshman Kyle Thompson who placed eighth. Both recorded their first marks of the season. Spiva cleared 4.90 meters (16'-0.75") while Thompson cleared 4.45 meters (14'-7.25").
Isaiah Gill placed fourth in the men's 400 meter dash with a time of 46.46.
The team will return to action next week when they send 16 men and 21 women to the Texas Relays. The prestigious meet in Austin, Texas is scheduled to begin Wednesday and conclude Saturday.


text:
Salim, Naomie and Kuan, Yew Wong and Okfalisa, Okfalisa (2007) A knowledge diagnostic system for porduct defects. In: IPROMS, 2007, United Kingdom.
Full text not available from this repository.
|Item Type:
|Conference or Workshop Item (Paper)
|T Technology > TK Electrical engineering. Electronics Nuclear engineering
|Electrical Engineering
|ID Code:
|Deposited By:
|Ramli Haron
|Deposited On:
|18 Apr 2012 05:40
|Last Modified:
|18 Apr 2012 05:40
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share:Remind Me
- Acting of Lead Performers
- Acting of Supporting Cast
- Director
- Music Score
- Title Sequence
- Screenplay
- Cinematography
- Historical Importance
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The American President
- Alethea Thomas
- 2/28/10
Rob Reiner did a great job of directing this movie. The actors...the music score...the story! All done very well. This movie gives us an inside look of what a good President might face during his term in office and something all Americans should consider. The speech Michael Douglas gave toward the end of the movie was a poweral one! A must-see for our political leaders, government officials, congress and the senate, as well as the public.
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I have a theme installed on my Ubuntu 9.04 desktop. It's quite nice, but there are a few issues, where some styles have been left at the default, thereby leaving white text (set by the theme) on a white background (the default).
More specifically:
- The Control Center has white on white. Mouse over will change it to white on blue.
- Renaming a file on the desktop has white on white. The selected area is white on blue.
How do I fix these?


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Putumayo's Italia: Musical Storytelling from Italy
Putumayo's latest CD, Italia, was released in May, 2009. Featuring Italian singer-songwriters, this music at times transports you to hilltop villages, other times to smoky cabaret settings in postwar Italy.
Folk music inspired by Latin rhythm, swing, and Celtic tradition, it is the vocals that take center stage in this musical storytelling.
Gianmaria Testa, singer-songwriter and poet from Piemonte in northern Italy. In Il Viaggio, accompanied by his guitar, he tells the moving story of his plan to follow a raging river from his mountain village to the place where it will meet the sea, leaving behind the bright stars.
Bandabardo is a successful band known for their energetic concerts. Their Il Principiante tells the story of a shy man's first romantic experience.
Giorgio Conte has toured throughout Europe. In Balla Con Me he sings of a frequent dream in which he dances with his sleepy partner.
Gina is a catchy tune with fun rhyming lyrics performed by Lu Colombo, the only woman featured on the CD, with the Maurizio Geri Swingtet. Gina is a drinker and is warned to stop abusing herself and find other ways to cope with life.
Lino Straulino hails from the Friuli region and often sings in the local dialect. La Piccola Inglesina tells the story of an English maiden who marries the son of a count and is unhappy when he takes her far from her family.
Look for links to this and other Putumayo CDs on many GoNomad stories.
Putumayo World Music was established to introduce people to the music of the world's cultures. The label grew out of Putumayo clothing company, founded by Dan Storper in 1975 and sold in 1997. Co-founder Michael Kraus joined Storper to help launch Putumayo World Music in 1993.
Over the past fifteen years, the label has become known primarily for its upbeat and melodic compilations of great international music characterized by the company's motto: "Guaranteed to make you feel good!"
Cindy Bigras grew up in Vermont and received a B.S. from Georgetown University. She studied and worked in Florence, Italy for three years. It was there that her love for all things Italian was born. She returns there as often as possible, and keeps her language skills sharp by watching Italian television.
Read more articles by Cindy Bigras
Watch travel videos about Italy
as the capital of the Alps, and capital of the Piedmonte region, the fourth-largest city in Italy. It's
Watch Travel Videos on GoNOMAD Italy Tips And Tricks: Rome Watch more Rome videos
Edwards photos. A Bologna, Italy: Seven of the City's Secrets By Catherine Edwards Bologna
Kids on the beach in Portovenere, Italy. Photo by Alexandra Regan. Click on photo to return
A Kids enjoy playing on the beach in Portovenere, Italy, on the Ligurian coast. photos
An ancient shield at a feast parade in Tarquinia, Italy. photos by Daniel Foster
A House Museums in Italy: Visting where Artists, Writers and Royalty once lived
Kids enjoy playing on the beach in Portovenere, Italy, on the Ligurian coast. photos
A Gelato Revelation in Southern Italy By Layne Mosler I was nearing the end of a multi-course
was underway. A Artisans from every province of Italy had arrived for a high end ceramics fair.A All
in Traviso, Italy. Paul Shoul photos. By Paul Shoul GoNOMAD StaffA Treviso, near Venice in northern
Italy: A Week on a Tuscan Farm By John Blanchette Flying into Florence, my
Church of St. Pietro, Portovenere. Photo by Alexandra Reagan. Italy. click to return
Mom and Dad check out the local vehicles in Le Marche, Italy. photo by Max Hartshorne
, Florence, or Milan because of its strategic location at the junction between northern and southern Italy


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Who is Mase??? That's a very complex question with very simple answers. I was born in Greensboro, NC, but spent my "formative years" misplaced in a little nowhere town in Georgia called Perry. After graduating from high school (in a class of 42 people) I went to college at Ga. Southern in the other armpit of Georgia...Statesboro.
My first radio experience was on our campus station, WVGS (10,000 watts). My roomate/future bandmate and I had a show together where we could do (and did) pretty much anything we wanted. Anything from playing 3 hours of nothing but Johnny Cash, The Minutemen and KISS.Our facilty advisor said our show was "sophomoric", which we thought was great since we were freshmen.
After deciding to move to Atlanta, go to Ga. State Univ., and start a band, I got out of radio...thinking "it would be way cooler to play in a band than to just play bands on the radio". I spent 12 years in Midtown Atlanta, playing drums in a few "regional" bands, sharing the stage with bands like The Ramones, The Offspring and The Foo Fighters. After releasing 3 albums with my own bands, playing on a handful of albums for others, and being involved in a lawsuit against a certain major record label, I lost the dream and decided to get out of Atlanta and move to the ocean with my best friend and the smartest person I know...My wife Joy...so here I am.
|Time Warner Cable


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JWC TO THOMAS CARLYLE ; 6 September 1850; DOI: 10.1215/lt-18500906-JWC-TC-01; CL 25: 198-200
Friday night [6–7 September 1850]
Here is a letter from Lady Ashburton, the first I have had during your absence; neither had I written to her (till I answered this today by return of post—) partly because she had said at our last meeting that she would write to me first; and partly because in the puddle I have been in, I felt little up to addressing Serene Higher Powers,—before whom one is bound to present oneself in 'Sunday clothes'—whereas I have been feeling all this while like a little sweep on a Saturday night!— But the letter you forwarded to me had prepared me for an invitation to the Grange about the end of this month, and I was hoping that, before it came, you might have told me something of your purposes, whether you meant to go there after Scotland, whether you meant to go to them in Paris that you might have given me in short some skeleton of a programme by which I might frame my answer. In my uncertainty as to all that, I have written a stupid neither-yes-nor-no sort of a letter—"leaving the thing open" (as your phrase is) But I said decidedly enough that I could not be ready to go so soon as the 23d— What chiefly bothers me is the understanding that I "promised" to go alone— The last day I saw Lady A she told me that she could not get you to say whether you were coming to them in September or not; that you "talked so darkly and mysteriously on the subject, that she did not know what to make of it"—that you refered her as usual to me, and then she said "I want you both to come Mrs Carlyle—will you come"? I said "Oh, if he go I should be very glad"—"But if he never comes back as he seems to meditate, couldn't you come by yourself?" I answered to that, laughing as well as I could; "Oh he will be back by then, and I dare say we shall go together. And should he leave me too long I must learn to go about on my own basis"1— Went to bed—Saturday— I dont think that was a promise to go to the Grange alone on "the 23d of this month."— Do you think it was? most likely you will decline giving an opinion. Well! in this as in every uncertainty one has always one's "do the duty nearest hand &c"2 to fall back upon; and my duty nearest hand is plainly to get done with "the Rowans," before all else. Once more 'all straight' here, I shall see what time remains before the journey to Paris, and which looks easiest to do, whether to go for a week at the cost of some unsettling, or to stay away at the risk of seeming ungrateful for kindness. To descend—like a parachute; Who think you waited on me the night before last?— Elizabeth!— The last you heard of her was that she had gone away with the police-people; but that was not final— I did not tell you, having determined to fret you no more with my annoyances from her, that she presently burst out on us again, under the form of servant at no 8 or 9 in this street— —passed the windows often with house-key over her finger, shouting to make herself noticed— "Better than ever I was, my Love"! I heard her call one day across the street to some butcher who had asked after her welfare But either she must have been only filling up an interregnum in that house, or must have already "had enough of it"—for she came the other night to ask me to give her a character to a Lady who would write for it next day. She was gaily—much too gaily dressed—and came into the room with her head laid on one side and a soft smile on her face just as she looked when I hired her!— I said that after her outrageous behaviour I should have prefered her request for a character to have been made in writing— She needed to come she said because I would get the Lady's letter next morning—"as for her behaviour it was all-along of that fender and she would do the same over again"!— I told her "I would answer what questions were asked, with truth and fairness; her conduct towards me was a thing between ourselves; I hoped I should not be asked about her temper—and so there being no further business to be done I wished her good night."—"Good bye Mam"—and away she went looking rather foolish, but quite unsubdued— As a companion picture to this interview—I had one yesterday with Mrs Thomas Eliza, sister, who came partly to tell me the result of her petition, but chiefly to bring me a message from Eliza on her deathbed! Yes! poor cross honest old Eliza3 is dead and buried! and she had laid it on her Sister to go and say to me that "on her deathbed she had remembered all my kindness to her and hers, and would have liked much to see me and bid me farewell"— She had begged of both her husband and sister to go and tell me of her illness and ask me to come to Deptford4 and see her—but they thought, stupid creatures, "that it was too great a liberty to take" and would neither do that nor call in a Physician "the only two things she had at heart" The surgeon who attended her said all the Drs in the world could not save her—liver and heart were so completely diseased—had been for many years—poor Eliza! her fretfulness had plenty of excuse it would seem. I am very sorry that she did not have her wish of seeing me—which might have been so easily granted.
I must tell you something that John will like to hear— Mrs Thomas's hundred and sixty copies of her petition have been answered by just two donations and one of these (3£) was from the Duke of Buccleugh!—the other was from Miss Cricket5 (2£)
Darwin came to tea with me at half after five on Thursday and is off again—to Shrewsbury this time—for a fortnight— Ventnor seemed to have been detestable—he looked as sad as the Autumn weather—
Mr Wynn is dead finally6—alas when one lives till people feel one's death "a happy release"! I have not seen Miss Wynn nor heard from her since—I wrote desiring that she would not answer until she wished to have me come there—
I shall send Alton Locke so soon as I have waded to the end of it—there is also come for you thro' Chapman, addressed in the writing of Emerson, a pamphlet entitled
Shall I send it?— I vote for putting it quietly on the fire here—it is illustrated of course—and dully so—
But I must go and tidy myself a bit to receive the farewell visit of Fanny Lewald who has written with much trust that she would "take some dinner with me at two oclock"!— I have not seen her since her return to London kind regards at discretion
Ever your affly / Jane


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Items Included In This Sale
- Veil: Elbow Ivory
Simple ivory colored elbow-length veil! Unused, I bought this veil and decided to use a different one instead. This veil has a pencil-edge and the edge is "ruffled" when it hangs. Attached to a clear plastic comb, stays in hair very well compared to some others I've tried!
- Terms of Sale: All Sales Final
- Location: Philadelphia, PA
- Will Ship to: Anywhere at Seller Expense
- Payment Methods Accepted: Other
Please read our BUYER'S GUIDE before purchasing a dress online.


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A week ago, we were on our way to beating the record high temperature for the fifth day in a row. It reached 81° here in Ohio- that's 32° warmer than the average temperature this time of year. The trees are flowering more than a month early.
80° weather is actually a bit warm for me, but now that it's been more "normal" these last few days, it feels bone-chillingly cold.
My perfect temperature would be 65-70°, with sunshine, of course.
Share with us: What's the weather like where you live?
What's your perfect temperature?


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Are you seeking to push your work forward into new dimensions? Our expertise in developing and producing specially designed laser photometric systems enables you to secure a
leading position in chemical and physical analysis. VISOLAS diode lasers and laser photometry modules play precisely from UV to NIR, even at the smallest dimensions. Our compact laser measurement solutions open up entirely new possibilities for analysis that are simply not available for users of standard light sources or LEDs.
The sound element of the VISOLAS laser photometric systems is our proprietary measurement scheme employing very short, only nano second lasting light pulses. With that technique it is not only possible to realize cost-saving higly precise bi- and polychromatic measurement solutions. More importantly, in contrast to solutions with incoherent light ligth sources, it allows the collection of valid measurement results at an unmatched high sampling rate while still complying with the restrictions for an eye-safe laser class 1 product.


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Training and Technical Assistance
During 2011, a number of U.S. law enforcement and regulatory agencies provided training and technical assistance on money laundering countermeasures and financial investigations to their counterparts around the globe. These courses have been designed to give financial investigators, regulators and supervisors, and prosecutors the necessary tools to recognize, investigate, and prosecute money laundering, financial crimes, terrorist financing, and related criminal activity. Courses have been provided in the United States as well as in the jurisdictions where the programs are targeted.
Board of Governors of the Federal Reserve System (FRB)
An important component in the United States' efforts to combat and deter money laundering and terrorist financing is to verify that supervised financial organizations comply with the U.S. anti-money laundering/combating the financing of terrorism (AML/CFT) laws and have programs in place to comply with the Office of Foreign Assets Control (OFAC) sanctions.
Internationally, the FRB conducted training and provided technical assistance to banking supervisors in AML/CFT tactics in partnership with regional supervisory groups or multilateral institutions in Aruba, India, and Colombia, as well as in Washington, D.C. Countries participating in these FRB initiatives in 2011 were Argentina, Armenia, Aruba, Bahamas, Brazil, British Virgin Islands, Colombia, Curacao, Czech Republic, Ghana, Hong Kong, India, Indonesia, Jamaica, Kuwait, Lebanon, Malaysia, Mauritius, Mongolia, Nigeria, Paraguay, Philippines, Russia, Saudi Arabia, Singapore, Slovakia, Thailand, Trinidad, and Zambia.
Due to the importance the FRB places on international standards, the FRB's AML experts participate regularly in the U.S. delegation to the Financial Action Task Force (FATF) and the Basel Committee's AML/CFT expert group (AMLEG). The FRB is also an active participant in the U.S. Treasury Department's ongoing Private Sector Dialogue conferences. Staff also meets frequently with industry groups and foreign supervisors to communicate U.S. supervisory expectations and support industry best practices in this area.
Department of Homeland Security (DHS)
Immigration and Customs Enforcement (ICE)
During Fiscal Year 2011, Homeland Security Investigations (HSI), the investigative arm of the U.S. Department of Homeland Security (DHS), continued its commitment to providing financial investigative training to countries around the world. The HSI Illicit Finance and Proceeds of Crime Unit conducted and/or participated in training provided to over 900 members of foreign law enforcement, regulatory agencies, and bank and trade officials from over 25 nations around the world. Utilizing their broad experience and expertise in conducting international financial investigations, HSI designed the training to provide the attendees with the critical skills necessary to successfully identify and investigate financial crimes. The programs included such topics as an introduction to money laundering, investigating bulk cash smuggling, asset forfeiture, an overview of unlicensed money services business/informal value transfer systems, prepaid access devices, and interviewing techniques.
Cross Border Financial Investigations Training Seminar
The Cross Border Financial Investigation Training (CBFIT) program provides specialized training, technical assistance and best practices related to cross-border financial investigations to foreign law enforcement personnel, intelligence and administrative agencies, and judicial authorities.
CBFIT provides foreign partners with the capability to effectively implement international standards, with special emphasis on new technologies, dissuasive actions, competent authorities, international cooperation, alternative remittance, and cash couriers, among others.
Using primarily U.S. Department of State funding, HSI provided to host nations bilateral and multilateral training and technical assistance which consisted of blocks of training detailing the various aspects of money laundering and sharing of best practices on how to initiate multi-jurisdictional investigations from interdiction incidents. These countries included: Afghanistan, Bolivia, Brazil, Colombia, Dominican Republic, Egypt, Ethiopia, Indonesia, Mexico, Morocco, Panama, Paraguay, Peru, and Saudi Arabia, among others.
Through the U.S. Department of State's International Law Enforcement Academy (ILEA) programs, HSI conducted financial investigations and anti-money laundering training programs at various ILEA Training Centers.
Resident Cross Border Financial Investigations Advisor
HSI Special Agents and Intelligence Analysts have been deployed for extended periods of time to foreign posts to serve as Resident Cross Border Financial Investigations Advisors (R/CBFIA). The R/CBFIA acts as the point of contact to host nation authorities for the coordination of training sessions. Once training is completed, the R/CBFIA remains available for in–person and/or telephone mentoring of host nation partners related to incidents involving the discovery/interdiction of currency or other financial instruments. This provides the host nation participants the opportunity to employ the material, tactics and technology learned in the classroom in a real world setting, while at the same time having the benefit of the experience, guidance and investigative resources of the R/CBFIA. The R/CBFIA utilizes this knowledge to update training aids/material by incorporating lessons learned from these incidents. In FY 2011, R/CBFIAs were deployed to the Philippines, Paraguay and Argentina.
Trade Transparency Units
Trade Transparency Units (TTUs) are designed to help identify significant disparities in import and export trade documentation and identify anomalies related to cross-border trade that are indicative of international trade-based money laundering. Trade is the common denominator in most of the world's alternative remittance systems and underground banking systems. Trade-based value transfer systems have also been used in terrorist financing. TTUs generate, initiate, and support investigations and prosecutions related to trade-based money laundering, the illegal movement of criminal proceeds across international borders, the abuse of alternative remittance systems, and other financial crimes. By sharing trade data, HSI and participating foreign governments are able to see both sides of import and export transactions for commodities entering or exiting their countries, thus assisting in the investigation of international money laundering organizations. The number of trade-based money laundering investigations emerging from TTU activity continues to grow.
The United States established a TTU within DHS/HSI that generates both domestic and international investigations. With funding from the U.S. Department of State, HSI worked to expand the network of operational TTUs beyond Colombia, Brazil, Argentina, Paraguay, Mexico and Panama. In 2011, Ecuador officially became the newest member of the TTU network. As part of this new TTU initiative, HSI provided IT equipment and training as well as increased support to this newly established TTU to ensure its successful development.
In 2011, HSI updated the technical capabilities of existing TTUs and trained new and existing TTU personnel from Brazil, Colombia, Paraguay, Argentina, Mexico, Panama and Ecuador, as well as members of their financial intelligence units. Additionally, HSI strengthened its relationship with the TTUs by deploying temporary and permanent personnel overseas to work onsite and provide hands-on training. These actions have continued to facilitate information sharing between the U.S. Government and foreign TTUs in furtherance of ongoing joint criminal investigations.
USG and Non-USG Partners
In FY11, HSI expanded its partnership and collaboration with a number of U.S. Government and non-U.S. Government agencies. HSI collaborated with the Department of Justice (DOJ) Asset Forfeiture and Money Laundering Section as well as DOJ Office of Overseas Prosecutorial Development and Training, the International Judicial Relations Committee, Treasury Office of Technical Assistance and the U.S. Army Western Hemisphere Institute for Security Cooperation. HSI contributed or partnered with these entities to deliver financial investigations best practices to members of the law enforcement community.
HSI maintains a robust relationship with international organizations like the Organization of American States, the United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime and the South America Financial Action Task Force. HSI provided subject matter expertise during sub-regional workshops held in Costa Rica, Antigua, Ethiopia, Bolivia and Moldova. The workshops addressed best practices in the implementation of anti-money laundering and counter-financing of terrorism regimes.
Department of Justice
The Drug Enforcement Administration's (DEA's) Office of Financial Operations (FO) provides expert guidance to DEA's domestic and foreign offices as well as international law enforcement agencies regarding issues related to all aspects of financial investigations. FO works with DEA offices, foreign counterparts and other agencies to identify the financial infrastructure supporting drug trafficking organizations and provides the financial expertise to fully dismantle and disrupt all aspects of these criminal organizations. FO facilitates cooperation between countries, resulting in the identification and prosecution of drug money laundering organizations as well as the seizure of assets and the denial of revenue. FO regularly briefs and educates United States diplomats, foreign governmental officials, military and law enforcement counterparts regarding the latest trends in money laundering, narco-terrorism financing, international banking, offshore corporations, international wire transfers of funds and financial investigations.
During 2011, FO conducted numerous international symposiums for hundreds of foreign law enforcement and military counterparts to strategize regarding effective techniques to be utilized in financial investigations. Some of the foreign officials briefed by FO include representatives from Afghanistan, Australia, Brazil, Dominican Republic, Ecuador, El Salvador, Germany, Italy, Kazakhstan, Netherlands, Nicaragua, Paraguay, Peru, The Philippines, Romania, Saudi Arabia, Sierra Leone, Turkey, United Kingdom, and Uzbekistan. During 2011, FO conducted seminars in Albania, Bahamas, Belgium, Colombia, Costa Rica, Dominican Republic, Guatemala, Iceland, Kazakhstan, Mexico, Paraguay, Poland, Qatar, Romania, Russia, Sweden, Thailand, Turkey, and Uzbekistan. In 2011, FO and the Dutch National Police hosted an International Money Laundering Symposium in The Hague, Netherlands. This symposium was attended by over 110 law enforcement money laundering investigators from 32 countries. These investigators discussed the money laundering trends they were observing in their jurisdictions and effective law enforcement techniques to counter these trends. There were also several presentations concerning emerging money laundering trends being used by criminal organizations around the world.
Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI)
During 2011, with the assistance of the Department of State funding, the U.S. Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI) continued its extensive international training in combating terrorist financing, money laundering, financial fraud and complex financial crimes, as well as training in conducting racketeering enterprise investigations. One such training program is the FBI's International Training And Assistance Unit (ITAU), located at the FBI academy in Quantico, Virginia. ITAU coordinates with the terrorist financing and operations section of the FBI's counterterrorism division, as well as other divisions at FBI headquarters and in the field, to provide instructors for these international initiatives. FBI instructors, who are most often financial analysts, intelligence analysts, staff operation specialists, operational special agents or supervisory special agents, rely on their experience to relate to the international law enforcement students as peers and partners in the training courses.
The FBI regularly conducts training through the International Law Enforcement Academies (ILEA) in Bangkok, Thailand; Budapest, Hungary; Gaborone, Botswana; and San Salvador, El Salvador. In 2011, the FBI delivered training to 192 students from ten countries at ILEA Budapest. At ILEA Bangkok, the FBI provided training to 47 students from nine countries in the supervisory criminal investigators course. At ILEA Gaborone, the FBI provided training to 161 students from 18 African countries. At ILEA San Salvador, the FBI provided training to 137 students from 19 countries.
Also in 2011, the FBI conducted, jointly with the internal revenue service criminal investigative division, a one-week course on combating terrorist financing and money laundering for 135 international students from Algeria, Pakistan, and Yemen. In addition, the FBI did terrorism investigation training in Thailand, financial crimes training in Trinidad and Tobago, and money laundering training in Serbia and Mexico for 241 international students.
At the FBI academy, the FBI included blocks of instruction on combating terrorist financing and/or money laundering for 29 students participating in the Latin American Law Enforcement Executive Development Seminar; the students were from Chile, Colombia, Costa Rica, Dominican Republic, Guatemala, Nicaragua, Panama, Paraguay, Peru, Spain, Uruguay, and Venezuela. The FBI included similar blocks of instruction for 21 students participating in the Arabic Language Law Enforcement Executive Development Seminar; the students were from Algeria, Egypt, Iraq, Jordan, Kuwait, Morocco, Saudi Arabia, Tunisia and The United Arab Emirates.
In addition, as part of the FBI's pacific training initiative, the FBI included terrorist financing instruction for 50 participants from 13 countries; the students were from Australia, Cambodia, China, Hong Kong, India, Indonesia, Japan, Malaysia, Philippines, Singapore, South Korea, Thailand, and The United States.
Office of Overseas Prosecutorial Development, Assistance and Training, the Asset Forfeiture and Money Laundering Section, & Counterterrorism Section (OPDAT, AFMLS, and CTS)
The U.S. Department of Justice's (DOJ) Asset Forfeiture and Money Laundering Section (AFMLS) of the Criminal Division and the Office of Overseas Prosecutorial Development, Assistance, and Training (OPDAT) continued to join forces in providing Financial Investigations and Prosecutions and Money Laundering and Asset Forfeiture technical assistance programs. The programs also draw upon expertise within DOJ, including from AFMLS, the Counterterrorism Section of the National Security Division (CTS), and U.S. Attorney's Offices. Much of the assistance provided by OPDAT and AFMLS is provided with funding from the U.S. Department of State. Funds are also provided by the U.S. Agency for International Development and the Millennium Challenge Corporation.
An important component in this cooperation is OPDAT's Resident Legal Assistance program. Resident Legal Advisors (RLAs) are federal prosecutors who provide in-country technical assistance to improve capacity, efficiency, and professionalism within foreign criminal justice systems. RLAs are posted to U.S. embassies for a period of one or two years to work directly with counterparts in legal and law enforcement agencies, including ministries of justice, prosecutor's offices, and offices within the judiciary branch. RLAs provide assistance in legislative drafting, modernizing policies and practices, and training law enforcement personnel, including prosecutors and judges. RLAs also work with DOJ's International Criminal Investigative Training Assistance Program (ICITAP), other DOJ components, other donors, and multilateral organizations to provide assistance to police and other investigative officials.
In 2011, OPDAT, AFMLS, and CTS met with more than 195 international visitors from more than 17 countries and provided presentations on anti-money laundering (AML) and/or counter-terrorist finance (CFT) topics. Presentations covered U.S. policies to combat terrorism, U.S. legislation and issues raised in implementing new legislative tools, and the changing relationship of criminal and intelligence investigations. The meetings also covered money laundering and material support statutes, and the Classified Information Procedures Act. Of great interest to visitors is the balancing of civil liberties and national security issues, which is also addressed.
Money Laundering/Asset Forfeiture/Fraud
In 2011, OPDAT and AFMLS provided training to foreign judges; prosecutors; other law enforcement officials; legislators; customs, supervisory, and financial intelligence unit (FIU) personnel, and private sector participants, and provided assistance in drafting AML statutes compliant with international standards. Topics addressed include the investigation and prosecution of complex financial crimes, economic crimes, money laundering, and corruption; the use of asset forfeiture as a law enforcement tool; counterfeiting; health care fraud; international mutual legal assistance, and recovering and managing assets from crime and corruption. Training programs addressing some or all of these topics were held for participants from Egypt, Indonesia, Jordan, Kenya, the Philippines, Turkey, and the United Arab Emirates. Additional programs include the following:
OPDAT and AFMLS co-sponsored the Second Southeast Asia Asset Forfeiture and Financial Investigations Conference, which had 125 participants from 20 countries. In addition, OPDAT and AFMLS co-sponsored a seminar on the investigation and prosecution of financial crimes in Bangladesh that covered such topics as non-conviction based forfeiture, NGO/charities, hawala/hundi, cash bulk smuggling, and mobile banking.
In Indonesia, OPDAT co-sponsored training to familiarize law enforcement agencies with the provisions of the new anti-money laundering law. With RLA support, the first of three anti-money laundering centers opened at the University of Indonesia in Jakarta.
In Kenya, the RLA formed an anti-money laundering roundtable to encourage the Kenyan government and its key partners to coordinate efforts among the various entities working on AML issues in Kenya.
OPDAT and AFMLS hosted training for Bosnian judges that provided instruction on Bosnian asset forfeiture law and procedure with a view to increasing the utilization of asset forfeiture by Bosnian judges in criminal proceedings. AFMLS also met with officials who are forming an asset recovery fund and will provide them an asset tracking software funded by AFMLS and developed in Thailand.
Terrorism/Terrorist Financing
OPDAT, AFMLS, and CTS, with the assistance of other DOJ components, play central roles in providing technical assistance to foreign counterparts to attack the financial underpinnings of terrorism and to build legal infrastructures to combat it. In this effort, OPDAT, CTS, and AFMLS work as integral parts of the interagency U.S. Terrorist Financing Working Group (TFWG), co-chaired by the State Department's INL Bureau and the Bureau for Counterterrorism.
In 2011, the TFWG supported five RLAs assigned overseas in Bangladesh, Iraq, Kenya, Turkey, and the UAE. The RLA for the UAE is also responsible for OPDAT program activities in Saudi Arabia, Kuwait, Qatar, Jordan, Yemen, Oman, and Bahrain. Working in countries deemed to be vulnerable to terrorist financing, RLAs focus on money laundering and financial crimes and developing counter-terrorism legislation that criminalizes terrorist acts, terrorist financing, and the provision of material support or resources to terrorist organizations. In 2011, OPDAT conducted CFT, counter-terrorism and designation training for participants from Indonesia and Thailand.
Additionally, OPDAT co-sponsored U.S.-based training for Turkish government officials on the benefits of interagency cooperation in counter-terrorism and counter-narcotics to lay the groundwork for a Department of Defense-sponsored, Joint Inter-Agency Counter-Trafficking Center (JICTC) in Turkey and to promote sharing of terrorist and law enforcement data among U.S., Turkish and international law enforcement partners. OPDAT also sponsored a conference in Turkey designed to promote cross-border cooperation between Turkey and Iraq that focused on counter-terror financing and money laundering.
Department of State
The U.S. Department of State's Bureau of International Narcotics and Law Enforcement Affairs (INL) Office of Anti-Crime Programs helps strengthen criminal justice systems and the abilities of law enforcement agencies around the world to combat transnational criminal threats before they extend beyond their borders and impact our homeland. Through its international programs, as well as in coordination with other INL offices and U.S. Government agencies, the INL Office of Anti-Crime Programs addresses a broad cross-section of law enforcement and criminal justice sector areas including: counternarcotics; drug demand reduction; money laundering; financial crime; terrorist financing; transnational crime; smuggling of goods; illegal migration; trafficking in persons; domestic violence; border controls; document security; corruption; cyber-crime; intellectual property rights; law enforcement; police academy development; and assistance to judiciaries and prosecutors.
INL and the State Department's Bureau for Counterterrorism (S/CT) co-chair the interagency Terrorist Finance Working Group (TFWG), and together are implementing a multi-million dollar training and technical assistance program designed to develop or enhance the capacity of a selected group of more than two dozen countries whose financial sectors have been used, or are vulnerable to being used, to finance terrorism. As is the case with the more than 100 other countries to which INL-funded training was delivered in 2011, the capacity to thwart the funding of terrorism is dependent on the development of a robust anti-money laundering regime. Supported by and in coordination with the U.S. Department of State, U.S. Department of Justice (DOJ), U.S. Department of Homeland Security (DHS), U.S. Department of the Treasury, the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation, and various nongovernmental organizations, the TFWG provided in 2011 a variety of law enforcement, regulatory and criminal justice programs worldwide. This integrated approach includes assistance with the drafting of legislation and regulations that comport with international standards, the training of law enforcement, the judiciary and bank regulators, as well as the development of financial intelligence units (FIUs) capable of collecting, analyzing, and disseminating financial information to foreign analogs. Courses and training have been provided in the United States as well as in the jurisdictions where the programs are targeted.
Nearly every federal law enforcement agency assisted in this effort by providing basic and advanced training courses in all aspects of financial criminal investigation. Likewise, bank regulatory agencies participated in providing advanced AML/CFT training to supervisory entities. In addition, INL made funds available for the intermittent or full-time posting of legal and financial mentors at selected overseas locations. These advisors work directly with host governments to assist in the creation, implementation, and enforcement of anti-money laundering, counter-terrorist financing and financial crime legislation. INL also provided several federal agencies funding to conduct multi-agency financial crime training assessments and develop specialized training in specific jurisdictions to combat money laundering.
The State Department, in conjunction with DHS' Immigration and Customs Enforcement (ICE) and the Department of Treasury, supports seven trade transparency units (TTUs) in Latin America: three in the tri-border area of Brazil, Argentina, and Paraguay, and others in Colombia, Ecuador, Mexico, and Panama. TTUs are entities designed to help identify significant disparities in import and export trade documentation and continue to enjoy success in combating money laundering and other trade-related financial crimes. Similar to the Egmont Group of FIUs that examines and exchanges information gathered through financial transparency reporting requirements, an international network of TTUs would foster the sharing of disparities in trade data between countries and be a potent weapon in combating customs fraud and trade-based money laundering. Trade is the common denominator in most of the world's alternative remittance systems and underground banking systems. Trade-based value transfer systems also have been used in terrorist finance.
The success of the Caribbean Anti-Money Laundering Program led INL to develop a similar type of program for small Pacific island jurisdictions. Accordingly, INL funded the establishment of the Pacific Island Anti-Money Laundering Program (PALP) in 2005. The objectives of PALP are to reduce the laundering of the proceeds of all serious crime and the financing of terrorists by facilitating the prevention, investigation, and prosecution of money laundering. PALP's staff of resident mentors provides regional and bilateral AML/CFT mentoring, training and technical assistance to the 14 Pacific Islands Forum countries that are not members of the Financial Action Task Force (FATF). The management of the program was transferred to the UN Global Program against Money Laundering from the Pacific Islands Forum in September 2008, as the PALP began its third year of operation. The PALP completed its work in 2011, following its successful program, as evidenced by the new laws, increased capacity and successful investigations completed by participant jurisdictions.
INL also provided support to the UN Global Program against Money Laundering (GPML) in 2011. In addition to sponsoring money laundering conferences and providing short-term training courses, GPML instituted its mentoring program to provide advisors on a year-long basis to specific countries or regions. GPML mentors provided assistance to Horn of Africa countries targeted by the U.S. East Africa Counterterrorism Initiative as well as asset forfeiture assistance to Namibia, Botswana, and Zambia. The resident mentor based in Namibia initiated and monitored the Prosecutor Placement Program, an initiative aimed at placing prosecutors from the region for a certain period of time within the asset forfeiture unit of South Africa's national prosecuting authority. The GPML mentors in Central Asia and the Mekong Delta continued assisting the countries in those regions to develop viable AML/CFT regimes. GPML continues to develop interactive computer-based programs for distribution, translated into several languages.
INL continues to provide significant financial support for many of the anti-money laundering bodies around the globe. During 2011, INL supported FATF, the international AML/CFT standard setting organization. In addition to sharing mandatory membership dues to FATF and the Asia/Pacific Group on Money Laundering (APG) with the U.S. Department of the Treasury and DOJ, INL is a financial supporter of FATF-style regional bodies' secretariats and training programs, including the Council of Europe's MONEYVAL, the Caribbean Financial Action Task Force (CFATF), the Intergovernmental Action Group against Money-Laundering in West Africa (GIABA), the Eastern and Southern Africa Anti-Money Laundering Group (ESAAMLG) and the South American Financial Action Task Force (GAFISUD). In addition to providing funding to GPML to place a residential mentor in Dakar, Senegal, to assist those member states of GIABA that have enacted the necessary legislation to develop FIUs, INL worked with the mentor to determine priorities and develop opportunities and programs. INL also financially supported the Organization of American States (OAS) Inter-American Drug Abuse Control Commission (CICAD) Experts Group to Control Money Laundering and the OAS Counter-Terrorism Committee.
INL has supported anti-piracy efforts by substantively working with other bureaus within DOS as well as with international organizations and other countries, to look at the best way to address piracy through its financial levers – the assets assembled as a result of piracy activity, and the material support and instrumentalities of piracy – and the application of domestic and international instruments to thwart pirates as we do other criminals.
As in previous years, INL training programs continue to focus on both interagency bilateral and multilateral efforts. When possible, we seek participation with our partner countries' law enforcement, judicial and central bank authorities to design and provide training and technical assistance to countries with the political will to develop viable AML/CFT financing regimes. This allows for extensive synergistic dialogue and exchange of information. INL's approach has been used successfully in Africa, Asia, the Pacific, Central and South America, and Eastern Europe. INL also provides funding for many of the regional training and technical assistance programs offered by the various law enforcement agencies, including assistance to the International Law Enforcement Academies.
International Law Enforcement Academies (ILEAs)
The mission of the regional International Law Enforcement Academies (ILEAs) is to support emerging democracies, help protect U.S. interests through international cooperation, and promote social, political and economic stability by combating crime. To achieve these goals, the ILEA program provides high-quality training and technical assistance, supports institution building and enforcement capability development, and fosters relationships of American law enforcement agencies with their counterparts around the world. ILEAs also encourage strong partnerships among regional countries to address common problems associated with criminal activity.
The regional ILEAs address regional law enforcement priorities to combat security threats. The regional ILEAs offer three different types of programs: the core program, specialized courses, and seminars or workshops. The core program is a six-week series of blocks of instruction tailored to region-specific needs and emerging global threats. The core program typically includes 50 participants, normally from three or more countries. The specialized courses are one or two-week courses for law enforcement or criminal justice officials on a specific topic, comprised of about 30 participants. Lastly, regional seminars or workshops present various emerging law enforcement topics such as transnational crimes, financial crimes, and counter-terrorism.
The ILEAs help to develop an extensive network of alumni who exchange information with their regional and U.S. counterparts and assist in transnational investigations. Many ILEA graduates become the leaders and decision-makers in their respective law enforcement organizations. The Department of State coordinates with the Departments of Justice (DOJ), Homeland Security (DHS) and the Treasury, and with foreign government counterparts to implement the ILEA programs. To date, the combined ILEAs have trained over 38,000 officials from over 85 countries in Africa, Asia, Europe and Latin America.
Africa. ILEA Gaborone (Botswana) opened in 2001. Its main feature is a six-week intensive professional development program – the Law Enforcement Executive Development Program (LEEDP) – designed for law enforcement mid-level managers. The LEEDP brings together approximately 40 participants from several nations for instruction in areas such as combating transnational criminal activity, supporting democracy by stressing the rule of law in international and domestic police operations, and overall professional development through enhanced leadership and management techniques. ILEA Gaborone also offers specialized courses for police and other criminal justice officials to boost their capacity to work with U.S. and regional counterparts. These courses concentrate on specific methods and techniques in a variety of subjects, such as counter-terrorism, anti-corruption, financial crimes, border security, drug enforcement, and many others. Instruction is provided to participants from Angola, Botswana, Burundi, Cameroon, Comoros, Djibouti, Ethiopia, Gabon, Ghana, Kenya, Lesotho, Malawi, Mauritius, Mozambique, Namibia, Nigeria, Republic of Congo, Rwanda, Senegal, Seychelles, Sierra Leone, South Africa, Swaziland, Tanzania, Uganda and Zambia. Trainers from the United States and Botswana provide instruction. ILEA Gaborone trains approximately 500 students annually.
Asia. ILEA Bangkok (Thailand) opened in 1999. ILEA Bangkok focuses on enhancing regional cooperation against transnational crime threats in Southeast Asia, primarily illicit drug trafficking, financial crimes, and human trafficking. The principal objectives of the ILEA are the development of effective law enforcement cooperation within the member countries of the Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN), Timor Leste and China (including the Special Administrative Regions of Hong Kong and Macau), and the strengthening of each jurisdiction's criminal justice institutions to increase its abilities to cooperate in the suppression of transnational crime. ILEA Bangkok provides a Core course - the Supervisory Criminal Investigator Course (SCIC) - designed to strengthen management and technical skills for supervisory criminal investigators and other criminal justice managers. In addition, it also provides over 20 specialized courses—each lasting one to two weeks—on a variety of criminal justice topics each year. ILEA Bangkok has offered specialized courses on narcotics trafficking, and terrorist financing-related topics such as Complex Financial Investigations (instructed by IRS). Instruction is provided to participants from Brunei, Cambodia, China, Hong Kong, Indonesia, Laos, Macau, Malaysia, Philippines, Singapore, Thailand, Timor Leste and Vietnam. Subject matter experts from the United States, Thailand, Japan, Philippines, Australia and Hong Kong provide course instruction. ILEA Bangkok trains approximately 1,400 students annually.
Europe. ILEA Budapest (Hungary) was the first ILEA, established in 1995. The mission of the ILEA has been to support the region's emerging democracies by combating an increase in criminal activity that emerged against the backdrop of economic and political restructuring following the collapse of the Soviet Union. The ILEA provides advanced training for law enforcement and criminal justice officials on regional threats such as organized crime, cybercrime, and anti-money-laundering topics. Instruction is provided to participants from Albania, Armenia, Azerbaijan, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Bulgaria, Croatia, Czech Republic, Georgia, Hungary, Kazakhstan, Kosovo, Macedonia, Moldova, Montenegro, Romania, Russia, Serbia, Slovakia, Slovenia, Tajikistan, Turkmenistan, Turkey, Ukraine and Uzbekistan. Trainers from over 17 federal agencies and local jurisdictions from the United States, Hungary, United Kingdom, Russia, INTERPOL and the Council of Europe provide instruction. ILEA Budapest trains approximately 950 students annually.
Global. ILEA Roswell (New Mexico) opened in September 2001. In 2011 INL revised and updated the Roswell program in an effort to address ever emerging global criminal threats. ILEA Roswell, through a combination of academic programs, senior policy forums and model law workshops provides the tools necessary to enable partner countries to formulate and execute effective and responsible criminal justice public policy. The Academic program will equip participants with the knowledge and skills necessary for successful criminal justice careers with a strong focus on constructing an international network of like minded U.S. and foreign counterparts. The Criminal Policy Forum proceedings will focus on familiarizing high-level officials with essential elements to counter emerging criminal threats and on encouraging partner country officials to work inter- and intra-regionally to establish cooperative means to counter criminal activity consistent with international standards. The Model Law programs will engage ILEA partner countries on enhancing their legal and regulatory frameworks, and instilling a deep-seated appreciation for the importance of implementing modern, effective criminal justice legislation. The participants are drawn from pools of ILEA graduates from the Academies in Bangkok, Budapest, Gaborone, San Salvador and the ILEA Regional Training Center (RTC) in Lima. ILEA Roswell trains approximately 350 students annually.
Latin America. ILEA San Salvador (El Salvador) opened in 2005. Its training program is similar to the ILEAs in Bangkok, Budapest and Gaborone. It offers a six-week Law Enforcement Management Development Program (LEMDP) for law enforcement and criminal justice officials as well as specialized courses for police, prosecutors, and judicial officials. ILEA San Salvador normally delivers four LEMDP sessions and approximately 20 specialized courses annually, concentrating on international terrorism, illegal trafficking in drugs, alien smuggling, terrorist financing and financial crimes investigations. Segments of the LEMDP focus on terrorist financing (presented by the FBI) and financial evidence/money laundering application (presented by DHS/Federal Law Enforcement Training Center and IRS). Instruction is provided to participants from: Antigua and Barbuda, Argentina, Bahamas, Barbados, Belize, Bolivia, Brazil, Chile, Colombia, Costa Rica, Dominica, Dominican Republic, Ecuador, El Salvador, Grenada, Guatemala, Guyana, Honduras, Jamaica, Mexico, Nicaragua, Panamá, Paraguay, Perú, St. Kitts and Nevis, St. Lucia, St. Vincent, Suriname, Trinidad and Tobago, Uruguay and Venezuela. ILEA San Salvador trains approximately 1,000 students per year.
The ILEA Regional Training Center in Lima (Peru) opened in 2007 to complement the mission of ILEA San Salvador. The RTC augments the delivery of region-specific training for Latin America and concentrates on specialized courses on critical topics for countries in the Southern Cone and Andean Regions. The RTC trains approximately 300 students per year.
Department of the Treasury
Financial Crimes Enforcement Network (FinCEN)
The Financial Crimes Enforcement Network (FinCEN) is a bureau of the U.S. Department of the Treasury and is the U.S. financial intelligence unit (FIU). In 2011, FinCEN hosted representatives from a variety of foreign government agencies, focusing on topics such as money laundering trends and patterns, the Bank Secrecy Act, the USA PATRIOT ACT, communications systems and databases, and case processing. A number of these visitors were participants in the U.S. Department of State's International Visitor Leadership Program.
FinCEN assists new or developing FIUs it is co-sponsoring for membership in the Egmont Group of FIUs. The Egmont Group is comprised of FIUs that cooperatively agree to share financial intelligence and has become a key standard-setting body for FIUs. FinCEN is currently co-sponsoring FIUs from nine jurisdictions for Egmont Group membership: China, Dominican Republic, Ghana, Jordan, Kuwait, Oman, Pakistan, Tanzania and Yemen. As a member of the Egmont Group, FinCEN also works multilaterally through its representative on the Egmont Training Working Group to design, implement, and instruct at Egmont-sponsored training programs for Egmont Group members as well as Egmont candidate FIUs.
FinCEN regularly engages with foreign FIUs to exchange information on operational practices and issues of mutual concern. The participants in these exchanges share ideas, innovations, and insights that lead to improvements in such areas as analysis, information flow, and information security at their home FIUs, in addition to deeper and more sustained operational collaboration. In 2011, FinCEN conducted analyst exchanges with the FIUs of Afghanistan, Brazil, Nigeria, Panama, Paraguay, the Philippines, Russia, and Tanzania.
Internal Revenue Service (IRS), Criminal Investigative Division (CID)
In 2011, Internal Revenue Service, Criminal Investigation (IRS-CI) continued its involvement in international training and technical assistance efforts designed to assist international law enforcement officers in detecting tax, money laundering, and terrorist financing crimes. With funding provided by the U.S. Department of State and other sources, IRS-CI delivered training through agency and multi-agency technical assistance programs to international law enforcement agencies. IRS-CI partnered with several U.S. Government and multilateral organizations, including agencies and offices of the U.S. Departments of State, Justice, Treasury and Homeland Security; the Joint Interagency Task Force West; host country governments; and the IMF to deliver a variety of training.
Financial Investigative Techniques Training
Training primarily consisted of Basic, Intermediate and Advanced Financial Investigative Techniques (FIT) courses which, depending on the venue, focused on indirect methods of proof, an overview of global and regional investigative issues, tax laws, bank records, interviewing, off-shore banking, and/or corporate fraud. In 2011, IRS-CI conducted FIT courses for law enforcement, customs, intelligence, and revenue officers; prosecutors; for the following countries: Albania, Algeria, Australia, Cambodia, Colombia, Denmark, Finland, Hungary, Iceland, Kosovo, New Zealand, Norway, Philippines, Senegal, South Korea, Sweden, and Thailand.
Other Training Initiatives
Funded by the Korean National Tax Service, IRS-CI provided a one week Special Investigative Technique course to 49 participants in South Korea. Topics included investigative tools, undercover operations and forensic accounting.
In Indonesia, 30 participants received training in public corruption and complex financial investigation techniques. This course used various practical exercises to instruct participants in Indonesian case law dealing with money laundering, public corruption and asset recovery. IRS-CI also presented a one week Fraud and Public Corruption course in Thailand for 48 participants from Thailand's financial and anti-corruption units.
IRS-CI presented an organized crime seminar to approximately 40 - 50 Georgian investigators and prosecutors.
Multiple training seminars were presented to investigators, prosecutors and judges in Kosovo. These seminars were part of the ongoing United States Attorney's Office for the Eastern District of North Carolina - Kosovo initiative and their focus was to encourage aggressive investigations, case development, and the use of plea bargaining to develop evidence to resolve cases.
IRS-CI presented three workshops on financial investigations, with an emphasis on money laundering, to a total of 101 Canadian law enforcement officials. IRS-CI also participated in delivering training to combat terrorism financing and money laundering in Islamabad, Pakistan; Cairo, Egypt; and Johannesburg, South Africa.
Sixty Mexican federal judges, prosecutors, financial intelligence analysts, and investigators attended a one week money laundering course. Another program titled "Using Financial Evidence in Criminal Prosecutions – Illicit Financing and Money Laundering" provided participants information on money laundering, financial investigations, asset forfeiture, and special investigative techniques, with an international scope. Other training included a one week casino gaming conference that assisted the Mexican government in developing best practices for regulating gaming activity and preventing money laundering. A three-day counter-terrorism and money laundering course was also presented to federal prosecutors, investigators, forensic criminalists and representatives from the Mexican financial intelligence unit.
International Law Enforcement Academy Training
IRS-CI provided instructor support to the State Department International Law Enforcement Academies (ILEA).
ILEA Bangkok: IRS-CI participated in one Supervisory Criminal Investigator Course which included participants from various law enforcement agencies. IRS-CI also conducted two FIT sessions for 93 participants from various law enforcement agencies from the following countries: Brunei, Cambodia, China, Hong Kong, Indonesia, Laos, Macau, Malaysia, Philippines, Singapore, Thailand, and Vietnam. Additionally, a one week Fraud and Public Corruption course was presented to 42 participants from ten countries. The training focused on recognizing methods of bribery and corruption and included two extensive practical exercises.
ILEA Budapest: IRS-CI participated in delivering five sessions of the ILEA core program. Participating countries included Albania, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Bulgaria, Croatia, Hungary, Kazakhstan, Kosovo, Macedonia, Montenegro, Moldova, Romania, Serbia, Turkey, and Ukraine. IRS-CI also conducted a one week FIT course for 30 law enforcement officials from Croatia, Montenegro, and Serbia.
ILEA Gaborone: IRS-CI provided instructor support for four Law Enforcement Executive Development (LEED) programs for participants from Botswana, Cameroon, Republic of the Congo, Gabon, Ghana, Kenya, Lesotho, Malawi, Namibia, Nigeria, Rwanda, Senegal, Seychelles, Sierra Leone, Swaziland, and Tanzania. IRS-CI supplied the class coordinator for LEED 39. The coordinator organized and supervised the participants' daily duties and activities.
ILEA San Salvador: IRS-CI assisted in the delivery of four courses for the Law Enforcement Management Development Programs (LEMDP) that stress the importance of conducting a financial investigation to further develop a large scale criminal investigation. Participants were from Antigua, Argentina, Barbados, Belize, Brazil, Chile, Colombia, Costa Rica, Dominican Republic, El Salvador, Guatemala, Honduras, Jamaica, Panama, Paraguay, Peru, St Lucia, and Trinidad and Tobago. For LEMDP 20, IRS-CI provided the class coordinator. IRS-CI also led two one week FIT/Money Laundering courses. The 65 participants were members of their respective national police agencies and prosecutors' offices. The FIT course provided an overview of global and regional investigative issues using a highly interactive simulated investigation.
Non-routine Training Events
The International Training Team (ITT) hosted two foreign delegations. Representatives from the Ugandan Revenue Authority and the Indian Central Board of Taxation toured the Federal Law Enforcement Training Center (FLETC). The delegations received an overview of Special Agent Basic Training and law enforcement techniques, plus briefings from other divisions at the FLETC.
The ITT completed two course development projects. Representatives from Norway and Denmark met at the FLETC to design and develop the Nordic Financial and Organized Crimes course. In Cambodia, the ITT met with banking, financial, law enforcement and judicial officials to assist in the development of Cambodian-specific course material.
ITT also participated in various overseas activities. At the Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development's Tax and Crime Conference, ITT provided a guest speaker on money laundering and bribery awareness. In Budapest, Hungary, IRS-CI met with Hungarian tax and customs officials to discuss future training initiatives.
Office of the Comptroller of the Currency (OCC)
The U.S. Department of the Treasury's (Treasury's) Office of the Comptroller of the Currency (OCC) charters, regulates and supervises all national banks and federal savings associations in the U.S. Its goal is to ensure these institutions operate in a safe and sound manner and comply with all consumer protection and anti-money laundering laws and implementing regulations. In 2011, the agency sponsored several initiatives to provide anti-money laundering/counter-financing of terrorism (AML/CFT) training to foreign banking supervisors. These initiatives include its annual AML/CFT School, which is designed specifically for foreign banking supervisors to increase their knowledge of money laundering and terrorist financing typologies and improve their ability to examine for and enforce compliance with national laws. The 2011 school was attended by foreign supervisors from Australia, Brazil, Canada, India, Indonesia, Italy, Korea, Malaysia, Netherlands, Philippines, Turkey, Taiwan and Zambia. In addition to organizing and conducting the School, OCC officials also met individually, both in the U.S. and overseas, with representatives from foreign law enforcement authorities, financial intelligence units and AML/CFT supervisory agencies to discuss the U.S. AML/CFT regime, the agency's risk –based approach to AML/CFT supervision, examination techniques and procedures, and enforcement actions.
The OCC continued its industry outreach efforts to the international banking community during 2011 by participating with other federal banking agencies in regulator panels at the 10th Annual International Anti-Money Laundering Conference (ACAMS) which was attended by more than 1,000 AML professionals from 50 countries and the Institute of International Bankers Annual Anti-Money Laundering Seminar which hosted attendees from 30 countries. The agency also participated in a similar panel at the Florida International Bankers Association (FIBA)'s Annual AML Compliance Conference. FIBA draws its membership from 18 countries worldwide.
The OCC also participated in Treasury's 2011 Private Sector Dialog which brings together Latin American and U.S. bankers to discuss issues related to AML compliance and an AML/CFT conference organized by the Asociación de Bancos de México (ABM). This discussion focused on the U.S AML regime and approach to conducting supervisory examinations.
Office of Technical Assistance (OTA)
OTA is part of the Treasury Department and is comprised of five subject-matter teams focused on technical assistance to governments to promote financial sector reforms. The mission of the Economic Crimes Team (ECT) is to provide technical assistance in support of the development of anti-money laundering/counter-terrorist financing (AML/CFT) regimes. In that context, the ECT also addresses other financial and predicate crimes, including corruption and organized crime. The ECT mission entails a comprehensive approach to technical assistance, and its engagements are predicated on express requests by foreign government counterparts. ECT management conducts an on-site assessment of the jurisdiction, to consider not only non-compliance with international standards and the corresponding need for technical assistance, but also willingness by the counterpart to engage in a partnership with the ECT to address those deficiencies.
An engagement by the ECT is tailored to the specific conditions of the jurisdiction in which it is engaged. An ECT engagement may involve placement of a Resident Advisor or utilize Intermittent Advisors, under the coordination of a Team Leader. The nature of ECT technical assistance is broad and can include efforts to improve (i) the legal framework; (ii) technical competence of stakeholders; and (iii) awareness-raising aimed at the full range of AML/CFT stakeholders to include the public, legislative bodies and implementers. The range of training provided by the ECT is equally broad and includes financial investigative techniques; forensic accounting; financial analytic techniques; cross-border currency movement and trade-based money laundering; supervisory techniques; electronic evidence collection; the use of interagency task forces; and measures to address corruption as well as organized crime.
The ECT is divided along three regions -- Europe and Asia, Africa and the Middle East, and Latin America and the Caribbean -- each managed by a Regional Advisor. In 2011, the ECT delivered technical assistance programs in 25 jurisdictions. In the Western Hemisphere, the ECT operated Resident Advisor programs in Costa Rica, Guatemala, Haiti, Honduras, Mexico and Paraguay; an Intermittent Advisor program in Uruguay; and initiated programs in Guyana as well as Trinidad and Tobago. Highlights for 2011 include a successful, ongoing regional initiative in Central America aimed at international cooperation, particularly pertaining to asset forfeiture.
In Africa and the Middle East in 2011, the ECT operated Resident Advisor Programs in Botswana, Ghana, Iraq, Morocco and the Palestinian Authority; Intermittent Advisor programs in Saudi Arabia as well as Sao Tome and Principe; and conducted an assessment in Djibouti. Program highlights include support for the development of financial intelligence units (FIUs), particularly in Botswana, Ghana, Morocco and the Palestinian Authority. In Iraq, the ECT program focused its partnership on the Iraqi Commission on Integrity and the interplay among corruption, money laundering and asset recovery.
Likewise, in Europe and Asia in 2011, the ECT operated Resident Advisor programs in Afghanistan, Kosovo and the Mekong Region (Cambodia, Lao, Viet Nam); initiated an Intermittent Advisor program in Turkmenistan; and continued other Intermittent Advisor programs in Armenia, Azerbaijan and Georgia. Particular attention was focused on FIU and financial investigative skills development.
OTA receives direct appropriations funding from the U.S. Congress. Additional funding sources include the U.S. State Department, Bureau of International Narcotics and Law Enforcement Affairs; the U.S. Agency for International Development; U.S. Embassies; and the Millennium Challenge Corporation, among others.
Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation (FDIC)
In 2011, the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation (FDIC) continued to work in partnership with several Federal agencies and international groups to combat money laundering and inhibit the flow of terrorist funding. These efforts were focused primarily on training and outreach initiatives. In partnership with the U.S. Department of State, the FDIC hosted an anti-money laundering and counter-terrorist financing (AML/CFT) training session for 27 representatives from Ethiopia, Ghana, Kenya, Nigeria, and Tanzania. The training session addressed current trends and methodologies, the AML examination process, suspicious activity monitoring, customer due diligence, and foreign correspondent banking risks and controls.
During the year, the FDIC met with 20 supervisory and law enforcement representatives from Pakistan and the United Arab Emirates to discuss AML issues. Topics included examination policies and procedures, the USA PATRIOT Act, suspicious activity reporting requirements, and government information sharing mechanisms.
Short URL: http://m.state.gov/md184109.htm