text:
We offer
100% Complete
Event Management
Planning Solution
All Clients
are treated Equally
Events are used to entertain, educate, reward, promote and Inspire.
Whether you are planning a birthday party, an evening party or
reception, product launch or wedding party we will work with you to deliver all you require to ensure your event achieves its objectives and is a resounding success.
With many years of organising events we understand that every event is unique, each client, each budget, event location is different and we will tailor our response accordingly.
We work with private individuals and small to medium-sized businesses from various industry groups. For many businesses using valuable time and staff when organising corporate events is simply not cost effective - especially when employees have no formal training or expertise in this area.
By outsourcing your event to
Blossom Occasions LTD
, you are guaranteed an expertly produced function that will both impress and save you money. We will ensure that your event is created with meticulous attention to detail and our methodical planning approach ensures that nothing is overlooked.
We will work with you from start to finish, maximise your budget potential and exceed your expectations to deliver a memorable event for you and your guests.
We would book your event venue & rooms you require for yourself & your guests and provide you with an exquisite Catering Service to suit your guests, Hall & Table Decor and all Event requirement as you may wish.
Ask our Customer Service staff for more details on 01245450407.
We also deal with all aspects of Vacation/holiday planning including Holiday Villa Rentals for your Honeymoon,Holiday,Transportation, Flight Booking etc...
Call us now on 01245450407
Our Holiday Villa in Kissimee, Orlando FLORIDA,USA
Our Florida Holiday Villa in Kissimee
Main Living Room
Garden Area
Lounge/Breakfast Corner
Storage Box Room and Walk in Wardrobe Room
Main Bedroom ensuite with a Tub-Bath, Jaccuzi and Shower & Storage and Walkin wardrobe Room
2nd Bedroom with a Double Bed and inbuilt Wardrobe; TV & Phone Connection
2nd Bedroom comes with a Shower Room and own Toilet
3rd Bedroom comes with a bath and own toilet
3rd Bedroom's Bathroom
Family Bathroom with a Bath and Shower Comb
New Refurbished Kitchen and Dining area
Kitchen & Food Pantry/Storage Area
Kitchen and Dining Area 2013
Extension added to Property
Communial Swimmimg Pool
The Golf Course
Holiday Villa in Ocean City, Maryland, MD,USA
Living Room
Relaxing Area
Back of the Villa
Main Bedroom with Ensuite
2nd Bedroom with Ensuite
3rd bedroom with own bathroom
Our Holiday Villa in New Jersey. NJ,USA
Front view
Villa's Frontview at Night
Chillaxing Area
Golf Course for all @ the Estate
Bocce Balls
This is a ball sport belonging to the boules sport family, closely related to bowls and pétanque, with a common ancestry from ancient games played in the Roman Empire.
Living Room
Dining & Kitchen Openplan Area
Dining Area
Indoor Swimming Pool
Master Room with own separate living room, inbuilt wakin wardrobe, Jacuzzi and Ensuite
Master bedroom separate Living room
Master Bedroom
Jacuzzi and Ensuite
2nd Bedroom with Ensuite and relaxing Area and walkin wardrobe room
3rd Bedroom with Ensuite
Grilling Area @ Rear of the Villa
Please choose from the list of items below on what you want us to add to your package Deal if required and we would work out a package deal price for you-
Holiday Villas around the World-A place to stay for your honeymoon or for Holiday purpose
(Above is a photo slide show of some of our holiday villas in the USA)
Venue searching & sourcing/negotiation of Hall/Venue hire fees
Limo OR Car/Luxurious Bus/Coach Hiring for your event
Save a date Cards, Invitation Cards, Thank you Cards including posting to Guest on your behalf-
This is optional and Extra Cost)
Tableware & Glassware-Standard & Quality
Crockery & Cutleries-Standard and Quality
Kitchen Equipment-Chafing Dishes
Table Linen, Table Clothes and Napkins
Resin and Chiavari Chairs and Round/Rectangle/Square Tables
Chair Covers and Sashes
Providers of Red and/or Gold Carpet; Stanchion Post & Ropes
Fruit Palm & Chocolate Fountain and/or Champagne Fountain
Popcorn and Sweet Table for all Occasions
Ice Sculpture to your taste & specification
Cake Orders and Delivery Arrangement
Cake Stands & different types of cake knife
Birthday Gifts/Hampers and Baby Hampers
Gift Bags & Gift Hampers, Basket & Party Hampers/ Party bags for Children & Adults and for all Occasions i.e (Valentine's, Birthday party, Mother's, Father's day, Ball Night, Charity Fundraising, Sports Day etc)
Basket & Gift Wrapping Services for Special Occasions or Festival Period
Clothing of all types e.g. Black Tie, Evening Wears, Dinner Outfits etc
Top Hats and Ladies Hat
Traditional Native Head Gears and Complete Traditional Outfits
Bespoke Signature Personal Balloons,Towels,Souvenirs, Cups, Mugs, Plates, Calenders, Mouse Mats, Ball-pens for your Party/Occasion etc.
Table plans and Place Cards
Hall & Table Decorations
Themes and Colour Coordination
Corporate & Personal branding
All type of Party Banners
VIP or ID Pass/Cards
Entertainment for your Party (MC, Cultural Dancers, DJ, Musicians, Children's Entertainment)
Toast masters on site for the duration of the event
Video-man & Photographer hiring service with your event shown on SKY - Please ask for more details on this package.
Liaison with Caterers, Waiters & Barman if needed
Post event Analysis report.
(Above stated is not applicable to Discounted Package Deals)
Hotels Event Package deal
are inclusively on offer-
Please ask for more details
If not mention, we are also open minded to your ideas
we would be happy to work round your suggestions and ideas plus Budget.
We look forward to hearing from you, soon


text:
Hello Chargeback Forum,
Recently the site i'm on was hit by a scammer, he was selling game keys for extremely cheap directly from steam as gift links so a lot of people purchased them.
Unfortunately after selling on the forum for a month or so all his customers accounts got disabled, steams responce to the disabled accounts was due to Credit card fraud on the gifts so all the links were revoked.
Could someone please provide me with steps on how to apply for a chargeback with google checkout so i can try and help our members out.
This will help out over 200 members.

subset: commoncrawl


text:
The judge in former BBC DJ Dave Lee Travis' trial tells the jury he will accept verdicts on which 10 of them agree.
12:30, UK, Thursday 13 February 2014
The judge in the sex assault trial of former BBC DJ Dave Lee Travis has told the jury he will accept majority verdicts.
Judge Anthony Leonard said he would accept verdicts on which at least 10 jurors agree on each of the 14 counts the ex-radio presenter faces.
Mr Travis is accused of indecently and sexually assaulting a string of women over a period of more than 30 years, when he was at the height of his fame.
The 68-year-old arrived at Southwark Crown Court with his Swedish wife Marianne as the jury's deliberations entered a fourth day.
He denies 13 counts of indecent assault and one of sexual assault dating back to 1976.
On Monday, the judge told the jury of eight women and four men they would have to decide if the evidence they had heard was "made up or fantasy".
Mr Travis has insisted he has no recollection of the alleged incidents, accusing the 11 complainants of trying to "cash in" by selling their stories.
He is being tried under his real name, David Patrick Griffin.
:: Watch Sky News live on television, on Sky channel 501, Virgin Media channel 602, Freeview channel 82 and Freesat channel 202.


text:
Author: Attorney Desk Reference Manual; Recent Revisions by Barbara Richardson, Legal Assistance Foundation and Lauren Pashayan, Land of Lincoln Legal Assistance Foundation
Last updated: July 2015
State Statutes and Regulations
Applicants for Service
Deposit Payment
Deposit Refund
Low Income Payment Plans
Budget Payment Plan (BPP)
Deferred Payment Agreements (DPA)
Deferred Payment Agreements (Low Income)
Utility Shutoff
Shutoff Notice
Cold Weather Rules
Illness Rules
Timely Reconnection
Unauthorized Service Usage
Payment Avoidance by Location
Complaints/Disputed Bills
ICC Complaint
Low Income Home Energy Assistance Program (LIHEAP)
Eligibility for Emergency Services
Eligibility Requirements for LIHEAP
Income Guidelines
Documents Needed for Application
Length of Application Process
Dispute Process
Back to Consumer Law Table of Contents
Back to Attorney Desk Reference Manual Table of Contents
Eligibility for and discontinuance of electrical, gas, water and sanitary sewer utility service are regulated under 83 Ill.Admin. Code Part 280 and 220 ILCS 5/8-101 et seq.
Utility services owned by municipal corporations are not covered. They may establish their own (primarily water and sewer utility) service rules. Rural electrical cooperatives are not covered.
Each utility must provide all applicants for service a customer information booklet which explains the utility's credit and collection practices.
A utility may deny service to applicants if they have failed to pay past due utility service for the same class of service at the same or a different address, unless (at the option of the utility) the applicant:
BUT, if the utility accepted the application by telephone from a third party who was not the customer of the services, and did not obtain approval from the customer, the utility cannot collect from the customer if the customer disputes requesting the service.
Notice must be in writing and include the following:
Residential and small business customer deposits cannot exceed 1/6 of the estimated annual charges for the service.
Non-residential, other than small business, customer deposits cannot exceed 1/3 of the estimated annual charges for the service.
An applicant may be required to submit a deposit before getting service if one of the following applies:
Current utility customers may be required to pay a deposit if both of the following conditions occur:
Residential customers may avoid the requirement to pay a deposit by:
May be required to pay a deposit if there is proof that the customer benefitted from tampering.
Large commercial or industrial customers may be required to pay a deposit for indications of financial insecurity in accordance with the utility's tariffs.
Note: A deposit required under section 280.210 (payment avoidance by location) can be required in one payment before service is activated.
"Interest shall be paid to the customer on all deposit amounts, including installments, held by the utility."
"After 12 consecutive months of accumulated interest, when customer is not entitled to a refund of the deposit, the utility shall automatically credit the customer's account with the interest only. The credit shall be itemized on the customer's next regular bill statement as 'deposit interest'."
Deposits must be refunded with interest (by separate check, not by credit on a future bill) after 12 months if service has not been interrupted or the customer has not paid late four times (monthly billing), two consecutive times or three times (bimonthly billing), or two times (quarterly billing) in the 12 month period.
If service is discontinued, any deposit plus interest in excess of any unpaid bill must be refunded within 30 days.
May be required to pay a deposit if:
Exceptions to 280.40 for low-income customers:
Note: "Deposits collected for any reason other than credit scoring prior to a customer's certification as a low income customer shall remain validly held by the utility until the customer meets the refund conditions found in section 280.40."
83 Ill. Admin. Code Sec. 280.45.
Late fees are waived for qualified low income customers.
The utility does not have to waive late fees that were assessed prior to qualification as a low income customer.
Low income customers must re-qualify as a low income customer, or the utility can start assessing late fees on past due amounts. However, no retroactive late fees will be applied for the time when the customer was qualified as low income.
83 Ill. Admin. Code Sec. 280.65.
Recipients of TANF, AABD, SSI, Social Security, VA, or unemployment compensation benefits, who receive their monthly benefits within 10 days after the utility payment is due, may ask the utility to:
Note: if the customer pays late more than four times on a preferred payment date, then the customer can be returned to the regular due date.
83 Ill. Admin. Code Sec. 280.70.
"A process to equalize payments for utility service, based upon the customer's average bill."
Note: "A customer may cancel a budget plan at any time. A utility may cancel when the customer either pays less than the full BPP amount or payment is 21 days in arrears."
83 Ill. Admin. Code Sec. 280.80.
Mandatory offering by the Utility:
Optional offerings by the utility (at utility's discretion):
DPA can only include amounts owed for utility service for which the utility would otherwise be entitled to disconnect the customer's service after proper notice.
DPA default shall not occur as a result of failure to pay non-utility service charges.
An existing DPA shall transfer with the customer to the new premises.
To start the DPA, the customer must pay a minimum of 25% of the past due amount.
"At the utility's discretion, the down payment amount may be decreased."
Utilities must allow a minimum of 4 months to pay the balance, the maximum number of months to pay the balance is 12 months.
At the utilities' discretion, customers can be given more than 12 months to complete their DPAs.
In determining the length of time to offer, the utility shall take into account the customer's ability to successfully complete the DPA.
If the household's income is not sufficient to successfully complete the DPA, then the utility shall advise the customer of the availability of local assisting agencies.
If a customer defaults on the payment plan, but pays the full amount due on the plan before any disconnection, the payment plan must be reinstated, on a one time only basis.
A customer whose financial conditions change during the course of a DPA shall be allowed to renegotiate the length of the DPA with the utility to ensure its successful completion.
A renegotiation is allowed one time during the course of a DPA if:
Through renegotiation, the utility shall not be obliged to extend the term of the DPA any longer than 4 to 12 additional billing cycles beyond the original term of the DPA.
Renegotiation does not preclude a customer's right to reinstate a defaulted DPA prior to disconnection.
Note: the right to establish a Winter DPA under section 280.135 shall be unaffected by any default on a DPA under this section.
Low income customers shall be eligible for all the provisions described in Section 280.120 from April 1 through November 30.
In addition, a low income customer shall be entitled to the altered provisions described in this Section.
Down Payment:
A utility may require a maximum down payment of 20% towards the past due amounts
By agreement with the customer, the utility may include current billing amounts with the past due amount as the total balance from which the 20% down payment may be calculated.
Length of DPA Term:
Amended DPA:
Utility shall offer an amended DPA to a low income customer who is in default on a first DPA if the customer has made at least two consecutive full payments under the first DPA and the customer has not been in default on the first DPA for more than 90 days.
The amended DPA shall be for the same term or longer than the term of the first DPA.
As a condition of entering the amended DPA, the utility may require the customer to participate in the payment option described in Section 280.80. (Budget Bill)
A utility may disconnect service when a customer fails to:
Other reasons for shutoff include:
No utility shall disconnect gas or electricity at the residential premises that was the primary residence of a service member immediately before the service member was assigned to military service. 220 ILCS 5/8-201.5(b).
The utility must give written notice to the customer of a shutoff. The utility cannot act on a notice after 45 days without issuing a new notice. At the time of shutoff the utility must attempt to contact the customer to inform him of the shutoff.
Shutoff cannot occur after 2:00 p.m. unless the utility agrees to reconnect that same day for a standard charge. Shutoff cannot occur on weekends or holidays unless reconnection is also available on those days.
The ICC rules include the required form utility shutoff notice.
83 Ill. Admin. Code 280 Appendix A.
220 ILCS 5/8-201: It is the public policy of this State that no person should be denied essential utility service during the winter months due to financial inability to pay. It is also the public policy of this State that public utilities and residential heating customers deal with each other in good faith and fair manner.
Gas or electric service providing the primary source of heat may not be shutoff on any day that the National Weather Service forecasts that the temperature will be 32 degrees or below, or on any day preceding a weekend or holiday, where the weather Service forecasts 32 degrees or below during the holiday or weekend.
The utility cannot disconnect service of a service member or veteran December 1 through March 31. 220 ILCS 5/8-206(1).
From December 1 through March 31, gas or electric service providing the primary source of heat may not be disconnected at any residence for non-payment of a bill or deposit unless:
A utility may not require a down payment for a deposit from a residential customer greater than 20% of the total deposit requested from December 1 through March 31.
Utility shutoff is prohibited for up to 60 days after receiving a valid medical certificate where shutoff would aggravate existing serious illness of a "permanent" resident of the premises.
The illness must be certified to the utility by a registered physician or a local board of health. The certification must be in writing and state:
Initial certification may be by telephone if written certification is followed within seven days.
If service is disconnected but illness certification is made during 14 days within the disconnection, service must be restored. Service can be restored after 14 days at the utility's discretion.
A medical payment arrangement automatically starts after 30 days. You must continue to pay your current bill.
It depends on whether your valid medical certification was received by the utility before your service was disconnected.
Medical payment arrangements prior to disconnection:
Medical payment arrangements after disconnection:
One, unless you pay off the total account balance. After 12 months, you may get a new medical certificate and medical payment arrangement.
Any former customer who used gas or electric as the primary source of heat, but whose service was disconnected due to nonpayment of a bill or deposit from December 1 of the prior winter's heating season through April 1 of the current heating season is eligible for reconnection and a deferred payment arrangement, subject to the following limitations:
The customer must pay 1/3 of the amount past due and 1/3 of any deposit required by the utility to obtain reconnection.
A customer may demonstrate to the utility (or by filing a complaint to the ICC) that s/he does not have the financial ability to pay 1/3 of the amount past due and the deposit. The customer may be reinstated upon a payment of a "reasonable amount." 220 ILCS 5/8-207. The ICC has interpreted by rule a "reasonable amount" to be 20% of the amount past due and 20% of the deposit. 83 Ill. Admin. Code 280.180. This rule may be subject to challenge as unrelated to the ability of the customer to pay. Note that low income customers automatically qualify for financial inability standing.
Prior to October 1 of the year, utilities that provide the primary heating service to a residence must notify customers whose service has been disconnected due to nonpayment of a bill from the previous December until September 15, how they can have service restored.
Note: The Illinois Commerce Commission adopted a resolution, urging local utilities to impose a moratorium on disconnections during the winter for certain eligible persons, and proposed more favorable winter reconnection rules for certain eligible persons. Clients should be referred to their local utility to determine if the utility has implemented the ICC resolution.
Once you are eligible for reconnection, the utility must turn on your service within specific time limits.
You are eligible for reconnection if you have provided a valid medical certification, or have taken care of the reason your service was cut off and have given the utility all required applicant information.
If the utility does not meet the time limits it may not charge you a reconnection fee. If the delay is for 2 or more calendar days and was not your fault, the utility shall credit your account 2 non-prorated monthly customer charges, 3 if the disconnection was in error.
Reconnection time limits vary depending upon on your situation.
The reconnection time limits do not apply if:
Utility shall investigate high bills resulting from an abnormal or unexplained increase in consumption when a customer makes such a complaint within 30 days of receipt of a utility's bill. The utility may collect from the customer who benefitted from, cooperated in or acquiesced to the tap.
The utility has the burden of proving by a preponderance of the evidence that tampering has occurred with the utility's wires, pipes, meters or other service equipment, that the customer has benefitted from the tampering, and that the utility's billing is reasonable.
Allows utility to seek payment from persons seeking to use a pattern of action to avoid payment for service used at a specific service location.
There are very specific requirements to apply PAL, all must be met. PAL applies when: new application from service location; former customer who was disconnected for non-payment at the same service location still resides at the service location; and, the new applicant occupied the service location during the time the previous customer's debt accrued.
Utility must demonstrate with evidence that a pattern of payment avoidance is occurring by a person or persons at a location.
There are very specific notice requirements. Notice shall include a detailed description of the problem and the facts and evidence that the utility has to support the PAL allegation.
When the utility has proof that PAL is occurring, it can request 1/3 of the estimated annual charges for the premises to be paid in full prior to service.
Burden of Proof: It shall be the sole responsibility of the utility to prove with evidence that PAL has occurred. The person accused of PAL shall have the right to the full evidence possessed by the utility and the opportunity to present information to refute the allegations.
Customers may dispute bills. Utilities must have a local and/or toll-free telephone number in each office transacting business with the public available to hear applicant/user/customer disputes. Where possible, they should also have a means of electronic receipt of customer complaints. The utility company must respond within 14 days of receipt.
Utility companies must inform complainants that they may speak with a supervisor if dissatisfied. Supervisors must tell complainants they may seek review of the utility's decision on a bill by the Consumer Services Division of the Illinois Commerce Commission, and give them the appropriate phone numbers and addresses.
If a customer disputes a particular bill, the utility may not shutoff service.
A customer, applicant, or user may file a complaint with the ICC. The first step is to file an informal complaint with the Commission's Consumer Services Division. The informal complaint should:
The Consumer Services Division must:
Complainants dissatisfied with the decision of the Consumer Services Division may file a formal complaint with the ICC.
Utility service may not be shutoff while an informal or formal complaint is pending.
To file an informal complaint visit the ICC web site, or call one of the following numbers:
(800) 524-0795
(217) 782-2024 (Springfield)
(312) 814-2888 or 814-2887 (Chicago)
State of Illinois Building
160 North LaSalle, Suite C800
Chicago, IL 60601-3104
Illinois Commerce Commission
527 East Capitol
Post Office Box 19280
Springfield, IL 62794-9280
The Illinois Low Income Home Energy Assistance Programs (LIHEAP) has provided support to thousands of Illinois residents. An important goal of LIHEAP is to "ensure availability and affordability of heating and electricity services to low income households." One-time grants are awarded to households that are at or below 150 percent of the Federal Poverty Level. See 27 Ill. Reg. 2139, amending 47 Ill. Admin. Code 100.103 (eff. 1/24/2003). Created by amendments to the 1989 Energy Assistance Act, the LIHEAP program offers three different grants to income eligible households:
The Emergency Services (ES) component is available to income eligible applicants who meet the following criteria:
All households that fall within the established income guidelines are eligible, regardless of whether they pay for their utility services directly or through their rent payment. The income guidelines are based on 150% of the Federal Poverty level published by the U.S. Department of Health and Human services. Click here to view the current income guidelines of the Illinois Department of Commerce and Community Affairs (DCEO).
The total application process for LIHEAP can take up to 45 days. The local administering agency will notify the applicant in writing within 30 days from the date of application. If determined eligible, the grant will be issued either to the applicant or to the utility company within 15 days after approval of the application.
Emergency Service assistance will be provided within 48 hours from the date the client application is complete (all client documentation has been submitted). Notification to the utility must be made within the same 48 hours after determination of eligibility. 47 Ill. Admin. Code. 100.220.
If the applicant feels s/he is denied benefits unjustly, s/he must make a request for an informal conference at the local agency within 30 days from notification of denial. This can be done verbally or in written form and should be addressed to the local agency. The conference must take place within 15 days from the date of request.
If the applicant is not satisfied with the outcome of the conference, he or she must request a state review within 30 days of the informal conference. The state review should be directed to the Illinois Department of Commerce and Economic Opportunity (DCEO). DCEO will review the case and make a decision. If the applicant does not accept the results of the state review, the applicant has 30 days from the date of mailing of the state review letter to request in writing a formal hearing. The formal hearing must take place within 30 days of the date of request.
The dispute process rules are codified at 47 Ill. Admin. Code 100.90. To file a dispute, write or contact the Illinois Department of Commerce and Economic Opportunity, LIHEAP, Division of Economic Opportunity, 620 East Adams St., Springfield, IL 62701; or LIHEAP, Division of Economic Opportunity, 100 West Randolph, Chicago, IL 60601, phone 800-252-8643 or TDD 800-785-6055.
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Back to Consumer Law Table of Contents
Back to Attorney Desk Reference Manual Table of Contents
Printed from: www.illinoislegaladvocate.org/index.cfm?fuseaction=home.dsp_content&contentID=303
We welcome your comments and suggestions


text:
Historical American
Trails, Roads and
Migration Routes
Top of page
· Major Frontier Regions Between the 17th and 19th Centuries
· U.S. Migration Research: Resources & Strategies
· More Resources About This Topic
· INDEX of Roads,Trails, Paths and Migration Routes
· STATE GAZETTEERS of Physical, Cultural and Historical Geographical Features
· IMAGE GALLERIES About This Topic
Finding your American ancestors can sometimes be difficult because they may have moved so frequently. You might begin your search by asking yourself why your ancestors migrated from one locality to another. Some possible reasons for migration may have included: opportunity to obtain land, crop failures, military bounty land, follow a religious leader, religious persecution, follow relatives or friends, economic reasons, change of climate, improve social and poverty conditions, political reasons, military transfer, wars, follow construction projects (such as canals and railroads), and other reasons
Understanding migration trails in the localities where your ancestors resided may help to trace their migration to a previous place of residence. Travel in America was usually along existing trails and roads, such as the National Road that extended from Maryland to Illinois, or along rivers, lakes, and canals, such as the Erie Canal, Hudson River, Ohio River, or Mississippi River.
Roads and river travel improved throughout the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries. The Boston Post Road was used by many people and extended from the New England states to New York, New Jersey, Delaware, Maryland, and into the Southern states.
The westward migration that resulted in the rapid settlement of the continental United States is perhaps the most compelling and important theme in American history. In no other place or time have individuals settled such an immense region so quickly and small groups
of settlers who operated independent of, and at times in direct violation of, governmental policy. Usually considered the area where the settled portions of civilization meet the untamed wilderness, the frontier moved west over time with the migrations of American settlers. The improvement of existing Native-American trails as well as the development of new roads was of great importance in determining the relocation and redefinition of the frontier thus in many ways came to define the process of westward migration, both as a delineating marker between settlement and wilderness and as a gateway to the "West."
Tracing your own family's paths of migration can prove crucial in identifying previous generations and eventually, figuring out where and how they arrived in the "New World" as well as where they eventually settled. Knowing the network of trails American pioneers traveled can help you guess where to start looking. The trail descriptions provided on these pages will assist you in understanding the routes your ancestors may have taken to find new homes and opportunities in the vast area now encompassed by the United States.
What we hope to accomplish with this resource is to provide the researcher with some of the basic facts of the major routes that were created and utilized during the 18th and 19th centuries. The routes are generally grouped according to the area of the United States to which our migrating ancestors were heading. Of primary importance is information regarding where the trails began and ended, as well as other names by which they were also known.
Major Frontier Regions Where American Migration
Occurred Between the 17th and 19th Centuries
This website has been divided into nine regions of the United States where migrations occurred between the 17th and 19th centuries. The historic American roads trail and paths shown in the index of this database have been categorized by where the route terminated. For example to find what historic migratory routes went to Kentucky look in region 3 Trans-Appalachian Roads, Trail and Paths, or if your ancestors migrated to a county in eastern Texas take a look at the routes listed in region 5 entitled Routes to the Southeastern Gulf Plains.
Index of Roads, Trails, Paths and Migration Routes
The following named routes are linked to the page which provides information about the region of the United States in which they are primarily found. Many early American roads are known by several names. As such it may be confusing as to which route is being discussed. In an effort to clarify this problem we are listing all names as they are identified though our on-going research. With regard to routes with the same name a numerical suffix such as (6) has been included to designate the area of the United States, see list 1-9 above, in which the route is included. Any additional information concerning this topic would be most welcome.
We have 772 names in this INDEX as of 01 April 2014
Abeyta Pass Toll Road; Abilene & Fort Dodge Trail; Abilene Cattle Trail; Abo Pass Trail; Acoma-Zuni Trail; Adobe Walls Trail; Alabama-Chickasaw Trail; Alabama, Choctaw & Natchez Trail; Alabama-Mobile Road; Alachua-Tampa Bay Trail; Alamosa & Pagosa Springs Wagon Road; Albany Post Road; Albany and Schenectady Turnpike; Allegheny Path; Ancient Way; Ancram Turnpike; Apache Pass Trail; Apache Trail; Appian Way; Applegate Trail: Applegate-Lassen Cutoff; Arkansas Road; Armijo's Route; Arrowhead Trail; Assunpink Trail; Ashtabula Trail; Atascosita Road; Aubrey's Cut-Off Trail Auburn Emigrant Road; Auglaize Trail; Augusta and Cherokee Trail; Augusta, Macon, Montgomery and Mobile Trail; Augusta Road; Augusta-Savannah Trail; Augusta-St. Augustine Trail; Aurora & Terra Alta Turnpike; Avery's Trace;
Bald Eagle Creek Path; Bank Road; Barlow Road; Bay Path; Bay Road; Bayley–Hazen Military Road: Beale Wagon Road; Beckwourth Trail; Bellamy Road; Belpre Trail; Berkeley & Hampshire Turnpike; Bermuda Hundred-Amelia Trail; Berryville & Charles Town Turnpike; Bethlehem Pike; Beverly & Fairmont Road; Bidwell-Bartleson Trail; Big Trees Road; Bishop Creek Route; Black Dog Trail; Black Fox Trail; Black Swamp Trail; Blue Rock Path; Bolivar & Memphis Trail; Boone's Lick Road; Boone's Trail; Boone's Trail to Boonesborough; Boone's Trail (Yadkin to Kentucky); Boston Post Road; Boston Turnpike; Bozeman Trail; Braddock's Road; Bradshaw Trail; Brandonville & Fishing Creek Turnpike; Brandonville, Kingwood & Evansville Turnpike; Buckhannon & Little Kanawha Turnpike; Buffalo Trace; Bullskin Road; Buncombe Turnpike; Burd's Road; Burlington–St. Francisville Stagecoach Route; Burnett Cutoff; Butterfield Overland Dispatch (KS/CO), Butterfield Overland Trail
Cacapon & North Branch Turnpike; California Road; California Trail; Camden-Charleston Path; Camino Real de los Tejas; Camp Supply-Fort Reno Road; Camp Supply - Fort Sill Road; Camp Supply Road; Canada Road; Cannon Ball Route; Cannonball Stage Route; Canon City, Grand River, and San Juan Road; Capon & North Branch Turnpike; Carolina Road; Carp River Trail; Carroll Trail; Carson Route; Castroville Cattle Trail; Catawba Path; Catawba Path (PA); Catawba Road; Catawba & Cherokee Trading Path; Catawba and Northern Trail; Catawba Path; Catawba Trail(3); Catawba Trail(4); Catawissa Path; Catskill Turnpike; Central Nevada Route; Central Overland Route; Central Overland Trail; Centre Turnpike; Chagrin Trail; Chakchiuma Trails; Charles Town Path; Charleston-Ft. Charlotte Trail; Charleston-Savannah Trail; Charleston-Winyah Bay Trail; Charleston & Point Pleasant Turnpike; Charleston & Ravenswood Turnpike; Chattanooga-Willstown Road; Chávez Trail
; Cheboygan Trail; Cherokee Path; Cherokee Trace; Cherokee Trail; Cherry Valley Turnpike; Chicago - Detroit Post Road; Chicago-Dubuque Highway; Chicago Road; Chickasaw Trace; Chickasaw Trail; Chickasaw-Tunica Old Fields Trail; Chihuahua Trail; Child's Cutoff; Chisholm Trail; Choctaw–Mobile Bay Middle Route; Choctaw-Chickasaw Trail; Choctaw–Mobile Bay Middle Route; Cimarron Cutoff; Cisca–St. Augustine Trail; Cisca Road; Cisco & Middle Tennessee Trail; Clarksburg & Buckhannon Turnpike; Clarksburg & Philippi Turnpike; Clarksburg & Wheeling Turnpike; Clarksville Trace; Cobblestone Path; Columbia-Liberty Trail; Columbia River Highway; Conestoga-Newport Path; Conestoga Path; Conewago Path; Conoy Path; Cooke's Wagon Trail; Coos Bay Wagon Road; Coosa-Tugaloo Indian Warpath; Coshocton Trail; Cotton Gin Port, St. Stephens, and Mobile Bay Trail; Council Bluffs-Old Fort Kearney Road; Coushatta Trace; Coushatta-Nacogdoches Trace; Crook Road; Cross Roads & Summit Point Turnpike; Crow Wing Trail; Cucharas & Moreno Valley Wagon Road; Cucharas & Sangre de Cristo Wagon Road; Culbertson's Path; Cumberland & Great Lakes Trail; Cumberland & Ohio Falls Trail; Cumberland Road; Cumberland Trace (KY); Cumberland Trace (TN); Cumberland Turnpike; Cuyahoga-Muskingum Trail; Cuyahoga War Trail
Daggett Pass Trail; Daniel Boone's Trail; Darien Road; Dawson Trail; Day's Route; De Anza Trail; Delaware Trail; Delaware Indian Road; Denver and San Luis Valley Wagon Road; Dodge City Trail; Dominguez-Escalante Trail; Don Juan de Onate Trail; Douglas Highway; Drovers' Road; Dubuque-Iowa City Military Road; Dubuque-Osage Road; Duck River and Northeast Mississippi Trail; Dunkard Creek Turnpike
East Plains Trail; East Shawnee Trail; Ebbetts Pass Route; Egan Trail; Ehrenberg–Prescott Road; El Camino Del Diablo; El Camino Real; El Camino Real (MO); El Camino Real de los Tejas; El Camino Real de Tierra Adentro; El Camino Viejo; Elliot Cutoff; Ellsworth Cattle Trail; Elwood-Marysville Road; Emery Road; Emigrant Trail; Esopus Turnpike
Fairmont & Wheeling Turnpike; Fall Line Road; Fallen Ash Military Road; Fayetteville Road; Fayetteville Emigrant Trail; Fayetteville–Salem Plank Road; Fayetteville & Western Plank Road; Federal Road (Creek Lands); Federal Road (Cherokee lands); Federal Horse Path; Federal Post Road; Foote's Crossing Road; Forbes Road; Forbidden Path; Fort Bascom - Fort Dodge Road; Fort Charlotte & Cherokee Old Path; Fort Dodge-Camp Supply Road; Fort Garland, Summit & Decatur Toll Road; Fort Gibson - Fort Smith Road; Fort Griffin Trail; Fort Griffin–Fort Dodge Trail; Fort Harker-Fort Gibson Road; Fort Hays-Fort Dodge Trail; Fort Kaskaskia Road; Fort Kearney Road; Fort Kearney, South Pass & Honey Lake Wagon Road; Fort Leavenworth-Fort Scott-Fort Coffey Military Road; Fort Leavenworth-Fort Kearney Road; Fort Miami Trail; Fort Moore-Charleston Trail; Fort Riley-Fort Kearney Road; Fort Scott and Ottawa State Road; Fort Sill - Fort Smith Military Road; Fort Sill - Fort Towson Road; Fort Smith-El Paso Trail; Fort Smith - Fort Towson Military Road; Fort Smith-Santa Fe Trail; Fort Snelling-Lake Superior Road; Fort Washington-Tennessee Road; Fort Zarah-Harker Mill Road; Frankstown Path; French Creek Path; French Road; French-Indian Trail;
Gaines Trace; Galena–Chicago Trail; General Carroll's Military Road; General Crook Road; Georgetown Trail; Georgetown-Dagget Pass Trail; Georgia Road; Georgia–Tennessee River Road; Gila Trail; Giles, Fayette & Kanawha Turnpike; Gist's Trace; Glade Road; Glenville, Ripley & Ohio Turnpike; Glocester Turnpike
; Goodale's Cutoff; Goodnight-Loving Trail; Gold Road; Goshen Turnpike; Grand River Trail; Grayback Toll Road; Great Coast Road; Great Genesee Road; Great Emigrant Road to Ohio; Great Indian War & Trading Path; Great Indian War & Trading Path (GA); Great Indian War & Trading Path (AL); Great Indian War & Trading Path (MD); Great Indian War & Trading Path (NC); Great Indian War & Trading Path SC; Great Indian War & Trading Path (NY); Great Indian War & Trading Path (PA); Great Indian War & Trading Path (TN); Great Indian War & Trading Path (VA); Great Indian War & Trading Path (WV); Great Indian Warpath; Great Island Path Great Minquas Path; Great Osage Trail; Great Osage Indian Trail; Great Path; Great Philadelphia Wagon Road; Great Shamokin Path; Great South Trail; Great Stage Road; Great Trail; Great Valley Road; Great Wagon Road; Great Warrior Path; Great Warrior's Trail; Great Western Cattle Trail; Great Western Trail; Green Grass Trail; Greenhorn Cutoff; Greenwood Road; Greenwoods Turnpike; Gregg's Route; Grizzly Flat Road; Guyandotte & Charleston Turnpike
Hardy & Winchester Turnpike; Hardyville–Prescott Road; Helena Road; Helena-Carroll Road; Hinman Settler Road; Honey Lake Wagon Road; Honeymoon Trail; Hopewell-Chillicothe-Marietta Road; Hudspeth's Cutoff; Hudson River Road; Huerfano County Territorial Road; Hundred (100) Mile Route; Huntersville & Warm Springs Turnpike; Huntington Turnpike; Huntington Wagon Road; Hull's Trace; Huron Trail; Huttonsville & Huntersville Road;
Ioway Road; Iroquois (Mohawk) Trail;
Jacksonport Road; Jackson's Military Road; Jacksonville-Apalachee Bay Trail; Jacksonville-St. Augustine Trail; James River-Kanawah Turnpike; Janos Trail; Jericho Turnpike; Johnson Cutoff; Jones and Plummer Trail; Jonesborough Road; Juniata Path
Kanawah Trace; Kanawha Trail; Kanawha Turnpike; Kaw Trail; Kearny Trail; Kellogg Trail; Kelton Road; Kennebunk Road; Kentucky Road; Kentucky Stock Road; Keowee Path; Killbuck Trail; Kingwood & Brandonville Turnpike; Kingwood & Terra Alta Turnpike; Kingwood & West Union Turnpike; Kiowa Trail; King's Highway(2); King's Highway(1); King's Road(1); King's Road(5); Kingston Pike; Kittanning Path; Knoxville Road; Koncow Trail of Tears
La Bajada Hill Wagon Road; La Bahía Road; Lackawanna Path; Lac Vieux Desert Trail; LaJunta & New Mexico Road; Lake Tahoe Route; Lampasas Cattle Trail; Lander Road; Lane's Trail; Laredo Road; Las Animas City & Fort Union Wagon Road; Lassen Trail; Lafayette Road; Lake Shore Path; Leading Creek & Buffalo Turnpike; Leavenworth-Pike's Peak Express Route; Lee Highway; Lehigh Path; Lewis & Clark Trail; Lexington Spur; Liberty-Nacogdoches Road; Limestone Road: Limestone and Chillicothe Road; Lincoln Highway; Logan Trace; Lolo Pass Trail; Lost Creek Toll Road; Louisville Trace; Louisville- Vincennes Road; Lower Cherokee Traders' Path; Lower Creek Trading Path; Lower Harpeth & West Tennessee Trail; Lower Post Road; Lower Road of Texas; Luther Pass Trail;
Mackenzie Trail; Mackinac Trail; Macon-Montgomery Trail; Magdalena Trail; Magraw Cutoff; Mahonig Trail; Main Street of America; Marquette Trail; Martinsburg & Potomac Turnpike; Martinsburg & Winchester Turnpike; Mason Cattle Trail; Matamoros Trail; Maumee Trail; Maysville Pike; Maysville Road; Maysville-Lexington Turnpike; McAuley Cutoff; McCreay's Road; McCoy's Cattle Trail; McCulloch's New Path; McCulloch's Old Path; Meek Cutoff; Meeteetsee Trail; Memphis, Pontotoc & Mobile Bay Trail; Miami Trail; Michigan Road; Middle Creek Pass Toll Road; Middle Creek Trading Path; Middle Memphis–Pontotoc Trail; Middle Post Road; Middle Tennessee Chickasaw Trace; Middletown & Wheeling Turnpike; Midland Trail (6); Midland Trail (7); Military Road (6); Millerton Road; Mingo Trail; Minsi Trail; Mississippi & Tennessee River Trail; Mojave Road; Mohawk Trail; Mohawk Turnpike; Mohican Trail; Monacan Trail; Mobile and Natchez Trail; Mobile–Lower Creeks Trail; Monocacy Path; Moorefield & North Branch Turnpike; Moravian Trail(s); Morgantown & Beverly Road; Morgantown & Bridgeport Turnpike; Morgantown & Kingwood Turnpike; Morgantown, Kingwood & West Union Turnpike; Mormon Trail (8); Mormon Trail (7); Mosca Pass Wagon Road; Mother Road; Mount Hood Road; Mount Hope & Lumberland Turnpike; Mount Jesus Trail; Mountain Leader's Trace; Mountain Monarch Wagon Road; Mountain Route; Moxahala Trail; Mullan Road; Music Pass Toll Road; Muskingum Trail
Nashville Road; Nashville-Lexington Road; Nashville-Saline River Trail; Natchez-Atchafalaya Trail; Natchez-Lake Ponchartrain Trail; Natchez-Lower Creeks Trail; Natchez-New Orleans Trail; Natchez-Texas Trail; Natchez Trace; Nacogdoches-Neches Saline Road; Nanticoke Path; Naraticong Trail; Natchitoches Trace; National Old Trails Road; National Road(4); National Road(5); Nemacolin's Path; Nevada City Road; Nevada Emigrant Trail; New Albany-Paoli Pike; New Path; New Castle Path; New Haven & Milford Turnpike; New London & Lyme Turnpike; New Milford & Sherman Turnpike; New River & Southern Trail; Nickajack Trail; Nobles Emigrant Trail; Nobles Road; Nome Cult Trail; North Carolina Military Trace; North Carolina Road; North Side Alternate (Oregon Trail); Northwestern Turnpike; Notchey Trace
Oakfuskee Path; Okfuskee Trail; Occaneechi Path; Ocean-to-Ocean Highway; Oceechee Road; Ohio River and Maryland Turnpike; Ohio Connection Trail; Ohio Path; Ohio Trail; Ohio River-Wills Town Trail; Oketo Cutoff; Old Alabama Road; Old Carolina Wagon Road; Old Cherokee Path to Virginia; Old Cherokee Trading Path; Old Connecticut Path; Old Doan Trail; Old Dutch Trail; Old Indian Road; Old Los Angeles Trail; Old Military Road (5); Old Military Road (6); Old Mine Road Old Peter's Road; Old Plank Road; Old Preston Road; Old Province Road; Old Roebuck Road; Old San Antonio Road; Old Santa Susana Stage Road; Old South Carolina State Road; Old Spanish Automobile Trail; Old Spanish Trail; Old Texas Trail; Old Traders Trail; Old Trading Path of the South; Old Walton Road; Old Wire Road; Old Wolf Path; Old Yankton Road; Old York Road; Olentangy River Road; Onaquaga Path; Ontario and Genesee Turnpike; Opelousas Road; Opuaga Path; Orchard Lake Trail; Oregon Central Military Wagon Road; Oregon Trail; Osage Trace(5); Osage Trace in Missouri; Osage Trace in Oklahoma; Overland-Cherokee Trail; Overland Trail; Owl River Trail; Oxbow Route; Ozark Auto Trails;
Palatka–Jacksonville Trail; Palo Doro Trail; Pamunkey-New River Trail; Paoli Pike; Parallel Road; Parkview & Fort Garland Freight Road; Pass Creek Toll Road; Path to the Catawba; Path to the Choctaw Nation; Pawnee Trail; Paxtang Path; Peach Bottom Path; Pecatonica Trail; Pembina Cart Trail; Pembina Trail; Penns Creek Path; Peoria-Galena Road; Petersburg-Saponi Trail; Pickawillany Trail; Pioneer Road: Harrodsburg - Falls of the Ohio; Pioneer Road: Lexington - Falls of the Ohio; Pioneer Road to Albemarle Sound; Pioneer Road to Roanoke River; Pioneer Road to Tar River; Pioneer's Road; Placerville Route; Point Douglas to Superior Military Road; Point Douglas to St. Louis River Military Road; Ponca Trail; Portage Road; Potomac Path; Potter-Bacon Cutoff; Potter-Blocker Trail; Pennsylvania Road; Pequot Path; Philadelphia-Lancaster Turnpike; Philipstown Turnpike; Pomfret & Killingly Turnpike; Pony Express Trail; Powder Hill Turnpike; Preston Road; Preston Trail; Princeton & Red Sulphur Turnpike; Pueblo and San Juan Wagon Road;
Raton Wagon Road; Ravenswood & Spencer Turnpike; Raystown Path; Red & Blue Sulphur Springs Turnpike; Red River Road; Red River Road(TX/KS); Red River Trails(ND/MN); Rensselaer & Columbia Turnpike; Rice Road; Richmond Road; Richmond-Williamsburg Road; Rincon Sea Level Road; River Road; Roller Pass-Truckee Trail; Roosevelt Midland Trail; Route 66; Ruckles Road; Russellville - Shawneetown Trail; Rutherford's Trace;
Sacramento-Coloma Road; Saginaw Trail; Saguache & Medano Pass Wagon Road; Saint Augustine-Jacksonville-Apalachee Trail; Saint Augustine-Flint River Trail; Saint Augustine-Savannah Road; Saint Joseph Trail; Saint Louis Trace; Saint Louis-Vincennes Trace; Saint Paul-Pembina Road; Saint Paul Trail; Salisbury & Canaan Turnpike; Salt Lake Cutoff; Salt River Road; Salt Springs Trail; Saluda Gap Road; San Angelo - Coleman Cattle Trail; San Angelo - Fort Griffin Cattle Trail; San Antonio - El Paso Road; San Antonio-Laredo Road; San Saba Cattle Trail; Sangre de Cristo Wagon Rd; Santa Fe Road; Santa Fe Trail; Santa Susana Wagon Road; Santiam Wagon Road; Sauk Trail: Sault-Green Bay Trail; Saura-Saponi Trail; Savannah-Jacksonville Trail; Savannah-Pensacola Trading Path; Scioto–Beaver Trail; Scioto–Monongahela Trail; Scioto Trail; Secondary Coast Road; Sedalia Trail; Selma–Mobile Trail; Seneca Road; Seneca Trail; Seneca Turnpike; Sepasco Trail; Shamokin Path; Shawnee Indian Road; Shawnee-Miami Trail; Shawnee Trail (6); Shawnee Trail (WV); Shepherdstown & Smithfield Turnpike; Sheshequin Path; Shiawassee Trail; Shoo Fly Trail; Shore Trail; Silver Cliff & San Luis Valley Toll Road; Simpson's Route; Siskiyou Trail; Skaggs Trace; Skeleton Canyon Road; Smithfield, Charles Town & Harper's Ferry Turnpike; Smoky Hill Trail; Snake River Cutoff; Sonora Route; South Carolina State Road; South Pass Road; South Side Alternate (Oregon Trail); South Texas Trail; Southern California Emigrant Trail; Southern Emigrant Trail; Southern Road; Southern St. Augustine–Appalachee Trail; Southern Trail; Southwest Trail; Springfield Road; Stagecoach Trail; Standing Stone Trail; Starvation Trail; Staunton-Parkersburg Turnpike; State Road; Sublette-Greenwood Cutoff; Summit Creek & Wagon Creek Toll Road; Susquehanna Path; Susquehanna Turnpike; Sweet Springs & Price's Mountain Turnpike;
Tahoe Wagon Road; Tallapoosa Trail; Talcott Mountain Turnpike; Taos Mountain Trail; Tascosa-Dodge City Trail; Telegraph Road; Tenaha Trail; Tennessee River, Ohio & Great Lakes Trail(3); Tennessee River-Ohio-Great Lakes Trail(4); Texas Cattle Trail; Texas Road; Thomas and Ruckle Road; Three Chopt Road; Three Notch'd Road; Tod's Trace; Tombigbee-Arkansas River Trail; Topeka and Eskridge State Road; Topeka and Ottawa State Road; Trading Path; Trail of the Sac and Fox; Trails of Tears; Trammel's Trace; Trapper's Trail; Traveler's Road; Trickham Cattle Trail; Trinidad & Costilla Road; Trinidad & Moreno Valley Wagon Road; Trinidad, New Mexico & San Juan Road; Trinidad- Raton Wagon Road; Truckee Route; Tugaloo-Apalachee Bay Trail; Tulpehocken Path; Tunica-Lake Pontchartrain Trail; Turkeyfoot Path; Tuscarawas Trail; Tuscarora Path
U.S. Road; Ulster and Delaware Turnpike; Ulster and Salisbury Turnpike; Unicoi Road; Upper Creek Trading Path; Upper Creeks-Pensacola Trail; Upper Post Road; Upper Road; Upper Road (Texas);
Valley Pike; Valley Turnpike; Venango Path; Vincennes-St. Louis Trace; Vincennes Trace: Virginia Path; Virginia Road; Virginia Turnpike; Volcano Road;
Wabash Way; Wabash Trail; Walhonding Trail; Walker River-Sonora Route; Walton Road; Wappatomica Trail; Warrior's Path; Watershed Trail; Wayne Trace; Wellsburg and Bethany Turnpike; Wellsburg & Washington Turnpike; West Glocester Turnpike; West Plains Trail; West Shawnee Trail; West Tennessee Chickasaw Trail; Western Cattle Trail; Western Road; Western Trail; Weston and Fairmont Turnpike; Weston & Gauley Bridge Turnpike; Wetzel Trace; Wheeling Road: Wheeling-Limestone Road; Wheeling, West Liberty and Bethany Turnpike; White &Salt Sulphur Springs Turnpike; Whitman Trail; Wilderness Road; Will Rogers Highway; Willamette Valley and Cascade Mountain Wagon Road; Wilmington, Highpoint, and Northern Trail; Woods Trail; Wyalusing Path; Wynah Bay to Cheraw Trail;
Zane's Trace; Zanesville Pike; Zuni-Acoma Trail; Zuni Trail
A number of Internet sites contain maps showing migration routes in America. Ancestry.com maintains a "Map Center" which features several hundred historical maps of interest to genealogists and historians. See especially the heading "Migration." www.ancestry.com/search/rectype/reference/maps/main.asp
"The American Migrations Web Site" attempts to have an online database of immigration and migration records. members.aol.com/gedsearch/migrate.htm
"Cyndi's List: Migration Routes, Roads & Trails" identifies westward migration routes, trails, roads, mailing lists, newsgroups, maps, gazetteers, publications, and more. www.cyndislist.com/migration.htm
Federal census schedules and state census records after 1850 are useful in tracing migration. The 1880 U.S. Census was the first to show the parent's birthplace (state or country). Sometimes church records show where an individual or family migrated, or a notation may have been made in the church records in the new locality showing where they came from (previous place of residence). Land records sometimes will show a previous place of residence. Gravestones sometimes show where a person was born. Military records are very useful in tracing migration. Printed sources, such as biographies and compiled genealogies are useful as a beginning source. Computer databases, such as the International Genealogical Index, should be used as a first step in the research process (see "Search for Ancestors" at FamilySearch Internet). www.familysearch.org
The following list of sources may be useful in tracing migration of individuals and families in America (listed alphabetically, not in order of priority):
· Bible records and home sources
· Biographical works (sometimes known as "mug books")
· Census schedules (federal, state, and local census records, especially after 1850)
· Compiled genealogies and family histories
· DAR genealogical collections (Bible records and other transcriptions)
· Gravestone inscriptions and cemetery records
· Land and property records (land grants, patents, deeds, bounty lands, etc.)
· Local histories (town, county, regional, and other histories)
· Manuscript collection (may include unpublished compiled genealogies)
· Military service and pension records, unit histories, other military records
· Mortality schedules, 1850, 1860, 1870, 1880 (some records are incomplete)
· Naturalization and citizenship records (since 1790)
· Newspapers (obituaries, marriage notices, biographies, local news, etc.)
· Passport applications (since 1795)
· Passenger lists and immigration records (since 1820; many earlier records published and indexed by P. William Filby)
· Patriotic and lineage society records (DAR, SAR, Mayflower Society, etc.)
· Periodicals (genealogical and historical periodicals and newsletters)
· Probate records (wills, administrations, probate case files)
· Tax lists (Kentucky tax records are one of the best examples)
· Vital records (births, marriages, and death records)
· Atlas of American History. 2nd ed. New York: Charles Scribner's Sons, 1984.
· Billington, Ray Allen and Martin Ridge. Westward Expansion: A History of the American Frontier. 5th ed. New York: Macmillan Publishing, 1982.
· Condon, George E. Stars in the Water: The Story of the Erie Canal. Garden City, N.Y.: Doubleday & Co., 1974.
· Holbrook, Stewart H. The Yankee Exodus: An Account of Migration from New England. Seattle: University of Washington Press, 1968.
· Merk, Frederick. History of the Westward Movement. New York: Alfred A. Knopf, 1978.
· Steckmesser, Kent L. The Westward Movement: A Short History. New York: McGraw-Hill, 1969.
· Unruh, John D., Jr. The Plains Across: The Overland Emigrants and the Trans-Mississippi West, 1840-60. Urbana, Ill.: University of Illinois Press, 1979.
· Western Writers of America. Water Trails West. Garden City, N.Y.: Doubleday & Co., 1978.
· Migration Routes, Roads & Trails
· Historical U.S. roads and trails - Wikipedia
· U.S. Historical Maps - Perry-Castañeda Collection
· Early American Roads and Trails
· Frontier Trails: A Brief History
· American Migration Fact Sheets
· Map guide to American migration routes,1735-1815
· The Overland Trail Links--Ancient Indian Trails
· Migration Message Boards – Ancestry.com
· The African-American Migration Experience
· Migration Trails – map of many U.S. trails
· Migration Information & Maps By Ethnic Group
Resources at Our Genealogy Reference Library
This Link will take you to our library of genealogy reference books. Here you will find books about historic American roads, trails, and paths. In addition, there are texts that pertain to ethnic and religion groups, history, geography as well as other books that will assist you with your research.
During our research we have collected images and photographs that are of general interest to a variety of American migration routes, roads and trails. Some of them are presented on this website because we believe they tend to provide the reader with additional information which may aid in the understanding of this topic as well as our ancestors past lives.
Use this LINK to see the "Image Gallery" that pertains to this topic.
Use the power of Google™ to find more interesting images about this topic. A Click on this LINK to go to the "Google Images Search" page. Enter the topic you are searching for in the box and click "Search Images". At the images" display page you will see the images, as well as the website of hich it is associated.
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Mr. Robert "Ed" Jackson of Dothan died Saturday, August 18, 2012, at his residence. He was 72.
Funeral services will be held at 11 A.M. Monday, August 20, 2012, at the Ward Wilson Funeral Home Chapel with Reverend Steve Trail officiating. Burial will follow in Memory Hill Cemetery with Ward Wilson Funeral Home directing.
The family will be receiving friends at the funeral home from 5 to 7 P.M. Sunday, August 19, 2012. Flowers will be accepted.
Mr. Jackson was born October 2, 1939, in Houston County, Alabama. He was the co-founder of Jackson Gas and Electric in April 1963. He enjoyed fishing and loved his family.
He is preceded in death by his parents, Walter D. Jackson and Kate Brackin Jackson, two sisters, Mary King, Faye Duke, brother, John Jackson, his two wives, Martha June Jackson, Patricia Cole Jackson, and his foster son, Mike Branton.
Survivors include two sons, Mark Jackson and his wife, Karen of Dothan; Kevin Jackson and his wife, Holli of Cottonwood; sisters, Beulah Morgan of Headland; Rose Shelley and her husband, Harold of Dothan; brother, Ben Jackson and his wife, Marion of Cottonwood; grandchildren, Skyler June Jackson, Grady James Jackson, Brackin Justin Jackson, several nieces and nephews, and many special friends.


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AUTONOMOUS Emergency Braking (AEB) systems are set to be the next 'must have' car safety feature
Although a relatively rare feature on cars at present, the European New Car Assessment Programme marked its 15th anniversary by declaring that it would include AEB technologies in its star rating from 2014.
Real world performance data suggests AEB systems can reduce accidents by up to 27%, according to Euro NCAP. Although the introduction of such active safety technologies is reducing road deaths and injuries, the availability of AEB inEuropeis far from standardised, says the organisation.
Highlighting the situation a Euro NCAP survey reveals that AEB is completely unavailable on 79% of the car models on sale in Europeand that 66% of manufacturers do not offer an AEB system on any of their new car models.
AEB systems can help to avoid crashes or to mitigate their severity by warning the driver and supporting their braking response and/or by applying the brakes independently.
The technology generally uses forward-looking radar, lidar and video systems to provide a complete, accurate, real-time image of the road ahead.
Since 2010, several car manufacturers have been recognised for the safety benefits of their AEB systems through Euro NCAP Advanced rewards.
The survey reveals that brands such as Volvo, Infiniti and Mercedes-Benz have the best levels of standard AEB fitment, and are joined by Jaguar, Range Rover, Audi and Lexus when optional fit is also considered.
Cars in the executive and large family categories have the highest level of availability, at least as an option.
However, some volume sector manufacturers are showing that AEB can be offered as standard or as an affordable option on mass-market vehicles, says Euro NCAP.
Amongst others, Mazda, Ford, Honda and Volkswagen are selling AEB systems partly as standard or optional on some high-volume cars such as the Mazda CX-5, the Ford Focus, the Honda Civic and the VW Up!. It is understood that Fiat will also make AEB a low-cost option on the new Panda next month.
AEB systems are increasingly being made available as cars are replaced by new or facelifted models, such as the Mercedes-Benz A-Class, the Ford Fiesta and Ford Kuga.
Michiel van Ratingen, secretary general of Euro NCAP said: 'A faster penetration of these technologies into new cars will make it more realistic for the European Union to reach its target to cut road deaths by 50% by 2020.
'Consequently, Euro NCAP has decided to include AEB assessments as part of the overall star rating from 2014 onwards and hopes that European authorities will soon require AEB as mandatory on all new vehicle types.'
Euro NCAP says the inclusion of AEB systems into its star rating system will alert and encourage consumers to choose AEB when buying a new car as it will improve their safety and help them avoid or mitigate a crash.


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Dr. Adil Baguirov is the co-founder and managing director of the U.S. Azeris Network (USAN) and the U.S. Turkic Network (USTN), as well as the co-founder and member of the Board of Directors of the Karabakh Foundation. He is a post-doctoral fellow in political science and energy security studies at the MGIMO University's Institute of Energy Policy and Diplomacy, and holds degrees in International Relations and Business Administration from the University of Southern California (1999), and a Ph.D. in Political Science from the Moscow State Institute of International Relations (2002). Dr. Baguirov has fifteen years of experience working in the energy, technology and real estate industries.
Dr. Baguirov held numerous speaking engagements on various political and economic developments in the Caspian area and FSU at the RAND Corporation, Heritage Foundation, Central Asia-Caucasus Institute of Johns Hopkins University, was the co-chair at the energy security panel at the Riga NATO Summit's Young Leaders Forum, "Caucasus in 20 years" forum at the French Senate, and a Guest Lecturer at several institutions of higher learning in the United States, Russia and Azerbaijan. He is an author of three monographs, thirty journal articles and close to a hundred newspaper articles on the subjects of technology, energy, security, history and politics of Azerbaijan, Caucasus and the Turkic world. Dr. Baguirov is a recipient of state award - the medal "Taraqqi" ("Progress"), as well as numerous recognition awards from international organizations such as TURKSOY.


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Scott Porter: What would you tell an NFL team if they asked you why they should draft Marcus Cromartie?
Marcus Cromartie: I bring a rare mix of size & athleticism that other players do not offer. I have the speed to run with the smaller & the size to mach up with the bigger receivers. I played in a conference that translates well with the NFL.
Scott Porter: What do you feel are your greatest strengths?
Marcus Cromartie: Size and speed: I can match up with almost anybody that I will be defending. I played in a conference that forces you to tackle, so I have become a good open-field tackler.
Scott Porter: What are your greatest accomplishments from a football perspective?
Marcus Cromartie: Going All-Big 10 in a conference that is so competitive.
Scott Porter: What are your goals for the NFL?
Marcus Cromartie: To maximize my potential and play as long as I possibly can.
Scott Porter: What gained your interested in football?
Marcus Cromartie: Growing up around the neighborhood with other peers that played, and the physically competitive nature of the sport.
Scott Porter: What are your hobbies off the field?
Marcus Cromartie: Traveling, hanging with friends, and currently learning to play the piano.
Scott Porter: What are you looking forward to most about your opportunity in the NFL?
Marcus Cromartie: To make my dreams come true and to play at the highest level that I possibly can in the sport of football.
Scott Porter: What have you learned from coming in as FR to now?
Marcus Cromartie: You can never take anything for granted and you must seize every opportunity that presents itself.


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The Meat-Disease Connection
There is a relationship between animal protein and heart disease. For example, plasma apolioprotein B is positively associated with animal-protein intake and inversely associated (lowered) with vegetable-protein intake (e.g., legumes and greens). Apolioprotein B levels correlate strongly with coronary heart disease.1 Unknown to many is that animal proteins have a significant effect on raising cholesterol levels as well, while plant protein lowers it.2According to Dr. Fuhrman white meats are no savior either:
Scientific studies provide evidence that many animal protein's effect on blood cholesterol may be significant. This is one of the reasons those switching to a low fat-diet do no experience the cholesterol lowering they expect unless they also remove the low-fat animal products as well. Surprising to most people is that yes, even low-fat dairy and skinless white-meat chicken raise cholesterol. I see this regularly in my practice. Many individuals do not see the dramatic drop in cholesterol levels unless they go all the way by cutting all animal proteins from their diet.
Red met is not the only problem. The consumption of chicken and fish is also linked to colon cancer. A large recent study examined the eating habits of 32,000 adults for six years and then watched the incidence of cancer for these subjects over the next six years. Those who avoided red meat but at white meat regularly had a more than 300 percent increase in colon cancer incidence.3 The same study showed that eating beans, peas, or lentils, at least twice a week was associated with a 50 percent lower risk than never eating these foods.The correlation between disease and consumption of animal products seems very clear. Even newer research warns of heighten stomach cancer risk associated with eating processed meats, like sausage, smoked ham, and bacon. Reuters reports:
Chicken has about the same amount of cholesterol as beef, and the production of those potent cancer-causing compounds called heterocyclic amines (HCAs) are even more concentrated in grilled chicken than in beef.4 Another recent study from New Zealand that investigated heterocyclic amines in meat, fish, and chicken found the greatest contributor of HCAs to cancer risk was chicken.5 Likewise, studies indicated that chicken is almost as dangerous as red meat for the heart. Regarding cholesterol, there is no advantage to eating lean white instead of lean red meat.6
A review of 15 studies showed the risk of developing stomach cancer rose by 15 to 38 percent if consumption of processed meats increased by 30 grams (1 ounce) per day, the Karolinska Institute said in a statement.These foods possess cancer-causing additives outside of meat's normal cancer-causing agents:
The institute said processed meats were often salted or smoked, or had nitrates added to them, in order to extend their shelf-life which could be connected to the increased risk of stomach cancer, the fourth most common type of cancer.If this information spooked you, you might want to consider Dr. Fuhrman's advice, "The best bet for overall health is significantly limit or eliminated all types of meat—red and white."
1. Campbell, T.C., B. Parpia, and J. Chen. 1990. A plant-enriched diet and long-term health, particularly in reference to China. Hort. Science 25 (12): 1512-14.
2. Descovich, G.C., C. Ceredi, A. Gaddi, et al. 1980. Multicenter study of soybean protein diet for outpatient hyper-cholesterolaemic patients. Lancet 2 (8197): 709-12; Carroll, K. K. 1982. Hypercholesterolemia and atherosclerosis: effects of dietary protein. Fed. Proc. 41 (11): 2792-96; Sirtori, C. R., G. Noseda, and G.C. Desovich. 1983, Studies on the use of soybean protein diets for management of human hyperlipoproteins, in Gibney, M.J., and D. Kritchevsky, eds. Animal and vegetable proteins in lipid metabolism and atherosclerosis. New York: Liss, 135-48; Sirtori, C.R., C. Zucchidentone, M. Sirtori, et al. 1985. Cholesterol-lowering and HDL raising properties of lecithinated soy proteins in type II hyperlipidemic patients. Ann. Nutr. Metab. 29 (6): 348-57; Gaddi, A., A Ciarrocchi, A. Matteucci, et al. 1991. Dietary treatment for familial hypercholesterolemia—differential effects of dietary soy protein according to the apoprotein E Phenotypes. Am. J. Clin. Nutr. 53: 1191-96; Carroll, K.K. 1983. Dietary proteins and amino acids—their effects on cholesterol metabolism, in Gibney, M.J., and D. Kritchevshy, eds. Animal and vegetable proteins in lipid metabolism and atherosclerosis. New York: Liss, 9-17; Jenkins, D.J., C. W. Kendall, C.C. Mehling, et al. 1999. Combined effect of vegetable protein (soy) and soluble fiber added to a standard cholesterol-lowering diet. Metabolism 48 (6): 809-16; Anderson, J. W., B.M. Johnstone, and M.E. Cook-Newell. 1995. Meta-analysis of the effects of soy protein intake on serum lipids. N. Eng. J. Med. 333 (5): 276-82; Satoh, A., M. Hitomi, and K. Igarashi. 1995. Effects of spinach leaf protein concentrate on the serum cholesterol and amino acids concentrations in rats fed a cholesterol-free diet. J. Nutr. Sci. Vitaminol. (Tokyo) 41 (5):563-73.
3. Singh, P.N., and G.E. Fraser. 1998. Dietary risk factors for colon cancer in a low-risk population. Am. J. Epidem. 148: 761-74.
4. Sinha, R., N. Rothman, E.D. Brown, et al. 1995. High concentration of the carcinogens 2-amino-1-methyl-6-phenylimidazo-[4,5] pyridine (PhIP) occur in chicken but are dependent on the cooking method. Cancer Res. 55 (20):4516-19.
5. Thomson, B. 1999. Heterocyclic amine levels in cooked meat and the implication for New Zealanders. Eur. J. Cancer Prev. 8 (3):201-06.
6. Davidson, M.H., D. Hunninghake, K.C. Maki, et al. 1999. Comparison of the effects of lean red meat vs. lean white meat on serum lipid levels among free-living person with hypercholesterolemia: a long-term, randomized clinical trial. Arch. Intern. Med. 159 (12): 1331-38.


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Sling Swing w/Chain
Item #: 398589 | Model #: KWAA 925-242 |
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Could this really be true? Is soul healing possible to the extent that physical healing can occur? Unfortunately, the dominant perspective maintains a level of skepticism and reluctance to anything other than traditional medical cures. In most cases, the idea of spontaneous remission, or miraculous healing, is viewed as something only those on the fringes of society believe in.
However, maybe it is not complete to view remission as a healing miracle, but instead an example of the re-established connection to divine consciousness. What if miracles are not really miracles? What if the so-called miracle serves as divine reminders of the body's innate ability to help heal itself as well as what is possible through the balancing of the heart and mind?
It is not clear how "…after trying all that Western medicine has to offer, a person with Stage 4 cancer is told there is nothing more the doctors can do and is sent home to receive hospice care, and five years later, that person strolls into the doctor's office feeling great, with no further evidence of cancer."
The question remains, what initiated the spontaneous healing and/or remission?
"Over the past century, there has been a steady flow of published case reports along with flashes of increased interest in this topic. For example, in the 1960s, the first two scientific books on unexpected remission were published, which led to a sharp increase in the number of case reports submitted to medical journals. After a while, however, interest in the topic lulled again until the late 1980's when the Institute of Noetic Sciences (IONS) launched the Spontaneous Remission Project, which culminated in the publication of a comprehensive bibliography of documented cases. Since then, approximately twenty new cases of unexpected remission are published each year, and there still has been a noticeable lack of formal research into why these remissions might occur."
Currently, Dr. Kelly A. Turner is a researcher, lecturer, and consultant in the field of Integrative Oncology. Her specialized research focus is the "unexpected remission" of cancer—a remission that occurs either in the absence of Western medicine or after Western medicine has failed to achieve remission.
Here are the conditions under which healing would be classified as a spontaneous remission/regression:
1. No Allopathic Treatment: The patient was medically diagnosed, via x-rays, biopsy or other medical tests, either refused any medical treatment or for whom medical treatment was deemed useless or unavailable and nonetheless recovered. An example of "pure remission" would be a patient diagnosed with bone cancer, who refused treatment and who is disease-free more than 10 years later.
2. Inadequate Allopathic Treatment: Medical diagnosis is followed for a period of time by one or more kinds of treatment, treatment that is usually known to be insufficient to produce either a cure or a remission, and remission occurs.
3. Equilibrium (or Delayed Progression): People experience either a partial regression of cancer or who live with their disease for long periods of time.
4. Long Survival: People respond well to conventional medical treatment and survive far longer than the statistics for their type of cancer and treatment would predict.
5. Complementary or "Complex" Remission: More complex cases may also exist where patients have been treated with a complex of traditional and complementary treatments. A recent survey of this group suggests that as many as 10% of them undergo "spontaneous" remissions, though the causes for these are so far unstudied.
6. "Miracles": Finally, the most unusual kind of all—those associated with spiritual cures, such as those carefully documented by the International Medical Commission at Lourdes in France. These cures are sudden, complete and without medical treatment. These cases appear to involve some of the same pathways as remission but consideration should be given to the possibility that the altered states of prayer, religious faith, and meditation may allow the process of self-repair greater freedom to operate.
Dr. Turner's dissertation research involved collecting hypotheses from these two previously ignored groups about why unexpected remissions may occur. Turner spent ten months traveling the world in search of fifty non-allopathic cancer healers which led her to interview healers around the world. Upon Dr. Turner's return, she found twenty unpublished cases of unexpected remission and conducted phone interviews with the survivors.
According to Dr. Turner, "My seventy hour-long interviews resulted in more than three thousand pages of transcripts, which I analyzed multiple times to find recurring themes. I identified more than seventy-five "treatments" for cancer, six of which were "very frequent" among all seventy subjects. Underlying beliefs about cancer also emerged from the interviews, of which three were very frequent. I am happy to share these results here in an abbreviated form. Please remember that these are hypotheses only, not facts."
Here are the underlying beliefs from healers and survivors regarding what contributed to spontaneous healing:
Belief #1: Change the Conditions under which Cancer Thrives
"The majority of my interviewees believed that cancer thrives under certain, suboptimal conditions in the body-mind-spirit system and that to remove cancer, those underlying conditions must change."
Belief #2: Illness = Blockage/Slowness; Health = Movement
"The majority of my interviewees also believed that any illness—including cancer—represents a blockage or slowness somewhere in the body-mind-spirit system, whereas health occurs when there is a state of unhindered movement or flow."
Belief #3: A Body-Mind-Spirit Interaction Exists, and Energy Permeates All Three Levels
"The third belief that the majority of my interviewees discussed was the idea that a body-mind-spirit interaction exists and that energy permeates all three of these levels."
In addition to these three underlying beliefs about health, there were also six treatments that the cancer survivors and healers discussed most frequently. These included physical as well as emotional, energetic, and spiritual treatments:
Changing One's Diet
"The majority of my interviewees believed it was important to change their diet to primarily whole vegetables, fruits, grains, and beans, while eliminating meat, sugar, dairy, and refined grains."
Experiencing a Deepening of Spirituality
"The majority of my interviewees also discussed feeling—not just believing but actually feeling—an internal sensation of divine, loving energy."
Feeling Love/Joy/Happiness
"The majority of my interviewees also discussed the importance of increasing love and happiness in their life in order to help regain their health."
Releasing Repressed Emotions
"Because many of my interviewees believed that illness represents a state of blockage, they therefore believed that it was healthy to release any emotions they had been holding onto, such as fear, anger, and grief."
Taking Herbs or Vitamins
"Many of my interviewees also took various forms of supplements, with the belief that they would help to detoxify their body or boost their immune system or both."
Using Intuition to Help Make Treatment Decisions
"Finally, many of my interviewees talked about the importance of using intuition to help make treatment-related decisions."
"There were two themes that occurred more frequently among the healers than the unexpected survivors: (1) healing, infusing, or unblocking energy and (2) strengthening or activating the immune system. You can read more about these, as well as further analysis of all themes, in my full dissertation."
Dr. Turner continues to work on "creating such a database and website, with the hope that survivors, doctors, and healers will be able to quickly submit their case reports so that researchers can verify and analyze them. Eventually, this de-identified (anonymous) database will also be searchable by the public, serving not only as a portal for researchers but also as a source of inspiration for cancer patients who are currently battling the disease."
If you, as an energy healer or survivor, know of anyone who has healed their cancer or either (1) without conventional medicine, (2) after conventional medicine failed, or (3) who used integrative methods to outlive a dire prognosis, please encourage them to submit their case at www.UnexpectedRemission.org.
Change is never an easy thing to do, even when we want to change. And sometimes what prevents us from changing is simply not knowing what to do other than what we've already been doing. The important thing to recognize is that there are alternatives.
There is always another way of doing things, another way of resolving a situation, another path to follow.


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MOU between GOL Airlines and Amyris for renewable fuel supply from 2014
GOL Airlines, the largest low-cost airline in Latine America, and Amyris announced the signing of a Memorandum of Understanding to pave the way for Amyris biofuel sypply to GOL from 2014.
Under the memorandum of understanding, GOL and Amyris will work together to establish a framework for bringing Amyris renewable jet fuel produced from Brazilian sugarcane to GOL's commercial flights following regulatory approvals and validation by standard-setting bodies, including ASTM International and Brazil's Oil, Gas and Biofuels Agency (ANP).
Amyris operates a production facility, located adjacent to the Paraiso sugarcane mill in Brotas, Sao Paulo in Brazil, to convert sugars into a renewable hydrocarbon, farnesene, which can be processed into a drop-in renewable jet fuel compliant with Jet A/A-1 specifications following regulatory and industry approvals. Life cycle greenhouse gas emissions are announced to be 80% lower than for conventional jet fuel and Amyris, which is member of Bonsucro, has also applied for RSB sustainability certification.
Amyris press release


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EU Donates 50million Euros Grant to ECOWAS for Mali Operation
- Wednesday, 10 April 2013
- Written by Admin4
Addis Ababa, April 10, 2013 (WIC) - The European Union has announced a grant of 50 million euros to ECOWAS for the on-going military operation in Mali.
The EU Ambassador and head of the delegation, Dr Macrea said the grant which is in support of the African- led international support mission in Mali would cover the troops salaries in Mali.
The EU also approved 26 million euros to improve free movement of persons and migration in West Africa sub-region.
The EU which has taken up the battle against terrorism in the Sahel redeemed its pledge to provide the grant in support of the African-led international peace mission in Mali.
Working closely with the West African States, the EU is seeking a truly comprehensive approach to the Malian crisis.
According to Channelstv.com Providing support in other areas of assistance like tackling climate change and adaptability in member states, Sweden also provided $6.7million to assist ECOWAS to tackle these issues to bring further development to the region.Last Updated on Wednesday, 10 April 2013 08:40


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HTC Shows Off 16-Megapixel LTE Smartphone
Published on: 10th Jan 2012
Note -- this news article is more than a year old.
By: Ian Mansfield
Taiwan's HTC has shown off its first Windows Phone to run on a LTE network. The HTC TITAN II also comes equipped with a 4.7 inch super LCD capacitive touchscreen display. The smartphone also includes a 16 megapixel digital camera.
The HTC TITAN II delivers a number of features that HTC has developed to help consumers capture photos in a variety of conditions; for instance, panoramic shot for sweeping landscapes and burst shot for action photography. The smartphone also enables 720p HD video recording with the rear-facing camera, as well as video chat over Wi-Fi with its 1.3-megapixel front-facing camera.
The processor is the Qualcomm 1.5 GHz Snapdragon S2 model.
The HTC TITAN II is expected to become available exclusively from AT&T in the USA in the coming months.
Tags: htc windows phone lte USA


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Here comes the OpenSolaris 2008.11 release!
By pengyang on Dec 11, 2008
OpenSolaris 2008.11 is released, after 6 months of hard Work/contributions from the OpenSolaris community and developers from different groups. It has been up and running on my bare metal laptop for several weeks. I'm really impressed by the improvement of it over the last release. It contains a lot of features that I wanted deadly, especially Power Suspend/Resume and NWAN. Also, as I've mentioned in the previous post, lots of useful desktop applications (Firefox 3.0.4/Songbird/XChat for example) have been integrated into this release along with GNOME 2.24.
First of all, I'd still want to highlight Songbird a little bit in this post. It got a huge attention from the open source community as I can see on digg. 0.7.0 has been integrated, run "pfexec pkg install SUNWsongbird" to install it from the repository. 1.0.0 is on the way. Please stay tune. And most of the cool features can be found in this great screencast. Thanks for the awesome efforts from Steve and the Songbird team. The first-run bundles for OpenSolaris x86 users are ready - so you should be getting prompted to download the GStreamer plugin as well as the SHOUTcast, Concerts, mashTape, and Last.fm add-ons now.
As you might notice, there have already been some great posts about different parts of this fantastic release. I'd still like to choose some of them to share with you.
- What's new about OpenSolaris 2008.11 and the screencast.
- Glynn's nice highlight on the release.
- Time Slider screencast from Erwann.
- What's new from the install part.
- A little bit history for OpenSolaris release.
- pkgFactory/Roboporter: the infrastructure for better package contribution.
- Port FOSS package to OpenSolaris /pending and /contrib repository.
- How to upgrade from old versions.
- The improvement from the pkg(5) part.
- Mirror IPS repository.
- Some link collection as well.
And many more posts as well. So please don't hesitate to grab the release and try it.


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JCB Tradesman is the world's first "floating phone"
JCB, a UK-based maker of rugged phones, has announced four new handsets: JCB Tradesman, JCB Toughphone Sitemaster, JCB Toughphone Pro, and JCB Toughphone Pro-Talk.
The most interesting of them is the JCB Tradesman, which has received the "world's first floating phone" title from the Guinness Book of Records.
The Tradesman is IP67 certified (waterproof and dustproof) and features a 1.44 inch CSTN color display, tri-band GSM connectivity (900 / 1800 / 1900 MHz), Bluetooth 2.0, FM radio, MicroUSB, and built-in torch. JCB presents it as being "ideal for everyone from white van man to seafarers, plumbers to kids."
(live photos via Pocket-lint)
The JCB Tradesman costs £74.99 (€85 or $122). The other three new rugged phones are more expensive: £114.99 (Toughphone Sitemaster), £244.99 (Toughphone Pro), £254.99 (Toughphone Pro-Talk).
You can check out any of the new JCB phones online here. They will be available for purchase starting mid-November (not sure if customers based outside the UK will be able to get them).


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College Hockey:Gallery: Saturday at the ECAC Hockey Championship
Here are photos from Saturday's games at the ECAC Hockey Championship, Quinnipiac's 3-0 win over Yale and Union's 3-1 win over Brown:
The following is a self-policing forum for discussing views on this story. Comments that are derogatory, make personal attacks, are abusive, or contain profanity or racism will be removed at our discretion. USCHO.com is not responsible for comments posted by users. Please report any inappropriate or offensive comments by clicking the "Flag" link next to that comment in order to alert the moderator.
Please also keep "woofing," taunting, and otherwise unsportsmanlike behavior to a minimum. Your posts will more than likely be deleted, and worse yet, you reflect badly on yourself, your favorite team and your conference.


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Price: $119.00
Commemorate the 100th anniversary of the sinking of the Titanic with this framed photograph that shows just why the ship was believed to be unsinkable. As the Titanic waits in dry dock at the Harland and Wolff shipbuilding yard in Belfast, workmen are dwarfed by her three massive propellers. Together they weigh nearly 60 tons; the four-blade, 22-ton center propeller is cast in one piece from manganese bronze. The photograph is framed along with an 1912 wheat penny. Includes a certificate of authenticity.
8" x 10" photograph; 13" x 16" x 1" marupa wood frame. Assembled in New York.


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- Official Site: MutantChroniclesTheMovie.com
- Release Date: April 24th, 2009
- Director: Simon Hunter
- Main Actors: John Malkovich, Ron Perlman, Thomas Jane, Devon Aoki
Far in the future, the whole world will be controlled by giant corporations who literally fight one another, which winds up opening up a giant hole that contains an alien machine. The machine's purpose is to turn human beings into horrible homicidal mutants, causing the rest of the world's remaining population to flee to Mars for safety. So it's up to a man of faith named Brother Samuel to recruit 20 other brave souls to go on a suicide mission to destroy that blasted machine once and for all and give back hope to humanity.
If you ever wanted to know what it feels like to watch a video game that you can't control, this is it. With digital sets, reminiscent of Sky Captain and the World of Tomorrow, this is a film that is always interesting to look at, and the effects are definitely cool, if not exactly realistic. But realism is not really the point of this film, and it all seems kind of like the fevered dream of a 10 year-old. During the opening 20 minutes, it's like watching Saving Private Ryan but with no context whatsoever, leaving the viewer lost in a sea of meaningless violence against vicious mutant beings. Talented actors like John Malkovich and Thomas Jane are over-emoting in the hopes of earning the paycheck they surely accepted the role to get, making the film something that could only appeal to cult-film lovers.
There is definitely a lot of stuff in this film that dudes usually like: explosions, fight scenes, blood and guts, knives going through peoples' legs, etc. But without any context, the violence and the explosions aren't really all that thrilling. Due to the effects that aren't really meant to be realistic, it's hard to get wrapped up in something that is so clearly manufactured. This is truly a film that seems intent on appealing to boys of all ages, but it would be surprising if it appealed to anybody over the age of nine. Every guy has watched an action film and wondered when we'd get to the good stuff, but from minute one we're given "the good stuff," but it's just not executed well enough, and the film is too kitschy to really be enjoyed. There's an explosion or fight every few minutes, but somehow it's boring. At least there's Devon Aoki for eye candy


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I have recently create a corpse stirge, by applying the corpse template to a stirge. The template gives the stirge a slam attack, that deals 1d3 damage. (1d3-2 after adding strength modifier)
However, when the stirge full attacks, can it use both its slam and its original attack? Or is he forced to choose?


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I am compiling some programs here and I have 4 cores. Is there a way to tell make, cmake or gcc to compile using all cores or something to that affect.
If a package supports it you can use the
More details on this flag can be found in the Stackoverflow question Why does make -j perform better when it is passed a number larger than the number of cores available?.
Distributed compilation
If you have multiple machines, give distcc a go. On the involved machines,
For more details, see the manual pages for distcc(1) and distccd(1).


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Jun 21, 2011 11:59 AM
It's a tough decision whether we like bling or flowers more, but now we don't have to choose. The Jewel Vase ($55) is shaped like a giant gemstone. Even when not full of blooms, it's a nice accent piece.
If you've got a product or service that you'd like to promote on Outblush, click here to find out about our advertising opportunities.
Outblush is a blog for girls who love to shop. Our staff digs up the best clothes, home stuff, beauty items, and more. New items are posted every day — bookmark us and check out:


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Student Academic Resources
Academic Units
Though one university, UVM contains seven academic colleges or schools, an honors college, a medical school, a graduate school, an adult continuing studies division and an extension program.
At the Learning Cooperative, students can work with a peer tutor to create an efficient study system, focus on time management, improve textbook reading and notetaking, reduce test anxiety, and understand the content of your most challenging courses.
The ACCESS Office provides individual or group tutoring, scheduled or drop-in tutoring, and group study in introductory courses.
Learn more about Learning Cooperative Tutoring ➝
Disability Services
ACCESS Disability Services are confidential and services in which Students are assigned a specialist to determine reasonable and appropriate accommodations and services, provide advisement and advocacy on disability-related issues, and consult with faculty and staff.Learn More about ACCESS Disability Services ➝
Last modified March 19 2014 09:52 PM


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A photographic book of Bricks! Bricks acting as a metaphor for a roof over our heads!
An Artist's anxiety to provide a roof over his head - what is the future to hold in these un-certain times of ours. The fundamental building blocks of our lives! Bricks for our Broken Britain!
Comentario publicado.
Mrmcbride dice
A Book of Bricks for Broken Britain.
Divide our Bricks evenly! A Britain of unevenly divided Bricks!
Just another brick in the wall - another brick will fall!
publicado a las 27 de ago. a las 12:25 PST
Inicia sesión o crea una cuenta para publicar un comentario.


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I Have a problem...
I created a sd to install lejos on my brick EV3.
Lejos starts. it does all the installation procedures (also repartition the sd) at the end of the installation restarts but the normal Lego software start and not Lejos.
How can I solve this problem? Why do not you start Lejos?