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Pelophylax esculentus
|Scientific Name:
|Pelophylax esculentus
|Species Authority:
|(Linnaeus, 1758)
Common Name(s):
Pelophylax esculenta Linnaeus, 1758
Rana esculenta Linnaeus, 1758
Rana esculenta Linnaeus, 1758
Rana maritima Risso, 1827
|Taxonomic Notes:
|Previously, Pelophylax esculentus was considered to be a full species or a subspecies. It has since been found to be a hybrid form between the parental species, P. lessonae and P. ridibundus. According to the generally accepted view, this is a kleptospecies, i.e. a new category of taxa at the species level, the character of which does not coincide with the biological species concept. A large majority of past records of "Rana esculenta" (except for the designation of P. ridibundus under the same name) refer to P. lessonae or the latter and the hybrid form together. Further studies on the ecology and distribution of the hybrid P. esculentus are needed.
|Red List Category & Criteria:
|Least Concern ver 3.1
|Year Published:
|Date Assessed:
|Sergius Kuzmin, Trevor Beebee, Franco Andreone, Brandon Anthony, Benedikt Schmidt, Agnieszka Ogrodowczyk, Vladimir Ishchenko, Natalia Ananjeva, Nikolai Orlov, Boris Tuniyev, Maria Ogielska, Claude Miaud, Jon Loman, Dan Cogalniceanu, Tibor Kovács
|Cox, N. and Temple, H.J. (Global Amphibian Assessment)
Listed as Least Concern in view of its wide distribution, tolerance of a broad range of habitats, presumed large population, and because it is unlikely to be declining fast enough to qualify for listing in a more threatened category.
|Previously published Red List assessments:
|Range Description:
|This species ranges throughout most of western, central and eastern Europe; populations are largely sympatric with populations of the parental species. It is absent from much of Scandinavia (although present in Denmark and southern most Sweden [it is unclear as to whether or not the Swedish populations are relicts or introductions]). In Italy it is present only with certainty in the River Po plain. The species has been introduced to the United Kingdom [not mapped here] and to Spain at Villasbuenas de Gata, Cáceres and unspecified localities in Galicia, Cataluña and Comunidad Valenciana. It is generally a lowland taxon which might occur up to approximately 1,550m asl.
|Countries occurrence:
Native:Austria; Belarus; Belgium; Bosnia and Herzegovina; Bulgaria; Croatia; Czech Republic; Denmark; Estonia; France; Germany; Hungary; Italy; Latvia; Liechtenstein; Lithuania; Luxembourg; Moldova; Montenegro; Netherlands; Poland; Romania; Russian Federation; Serbia (Serbia); Slovakia; Slovenia; Sweden; Switzerland; Ukraine
Introduced:Spain; United Kingdom
|Upper elevation limit (metres):
|Range Map:
|Click here to open the map viewer and explore range.
|It is generally stable with large populations in Eastern Europe. There have been population declines reported in parts of Western Europe.
|Current Population Trend:
|Additional data:
|Habitat and Ecology:
|It is a largely aquatic species associated with wetlands such as ponds, channels, ditches and slow moving rivers and streams. It is generally absent from forests, very large pools and strongly flowing waterbodies. The species spawns and larval development takes place within wetland habitats. It can occur in artificial waterbodies, and has spread in parts of its range through the irrigation of formerly unsuitable habitat (e.g.. in parts of Romania).
|Terrestrial; Freshwater
|Major Threat(s):
|It is generally threatened by aquatic pollution (often by agrochemicals) and drainage of wetland habitats. The frog-leg trade and high levels of pollution are leading to significant declines in populations of the former Yugoslavia (Dzukic, 1996; Ljubisavljevic et al. 2003). Declines in the parent species R. lessonae can directly affect dependant populations of R. esculenta.
|Conservation Actions:
|It is listed on Annex V of the EU Natural Habitats Directive and is protected by national legislation in many countries. It is recorded on many national and sub-national Red Data books and lists. It is present in many protected areas. In parts of this species' range, mitigation measures to reduce road kill have been established.
|Sergius Kuzmin, Trevor Beebee, Franco Andreone, Brandon Anthony, Benedikt Schmidt, Agnieszka Ogrodowczyk, Vladimir Ishchenko, Natalia Ananjeva, Nikolai Orlov, Boris Tuniyev, Maria Ogielska, Claude Miaud, Jon Loman, Dan Cogalniceanu, Tibor Kovács. 2009. Pelophylax esculentus. The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2009: e.T58594A11794484. . Downloaded on 27 June 2016.
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|If you see any errors or have any questions or suggestions on what is shown on this page, please provide us with feedback so that we can correct or extend the information provided


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- Filed Under
PRESS RELEASE: Direct from LS3P
Greenville, SC – Two projects from architecture firm LS3P won awards at the annual AIA Greenville's 6th Design Awards ceremony. Piedmont Technical College's Newberry County Center, an adaptive re-use project which transformed an abandoned big box store into a state-of-the-art higher education facility, won a Merit Award. An unbuilt design for New Impact, an innovative health care delivery concept for the treatment of childhood obesity, won a Special Citation.
PTC Newberry (Merit Award)
The transformation of the Newberry space supports an urban renewal effort along the Newberry "strip," reclaiming a vacant big-box store and providing a landmark building for the community. With 45,000 SF of educational space, the facility houses patient care training centers, flexible industrial arts workshops, a veterinarian technician wing, a library, a testing center, and an auditorium which will be shared with the community. An additional 27,500 SF of space is earmarked for future growth.
With all existing "big box" elements removed, the sleek new façade features expansive storefront windows, high-tech shading strategies, and a prominent new entry. New building openings and skylights allow abundant natural light into the interior, with academic spaces encouraging collaboration and flexible teaching methods. High-performance systems, passive solar strategies, and daylighting all contribute to the building's environmental sustainability, and the project is pursuing LEED ® certification.
New Impact (Unbuilt Special Citation)
AIA Greenville awarded a Special Citation for the unbuilt design for New Impact, an innovative facility which seeks to reduce the impact of childhood obesity. The design proposes a renovation of an abandoned former nightclub into a regional health center. The center is designed to appeal to young patients, providing a safe and comfortable haven for the development of healthy lifestyles. The exterior features warm and welcoming wood elements, roll-up doors for flexibility, blended indoor/outdoor spaces, and mobile exam room pods.
LS3P provides architecture, interior architecture and planning services nationwide with offices in Charleston, Columbia, and Greenville, SC and Charlotte, Raleigh and Wilmington, NC. LS3P's combined offices have received over 400 awards for excellence in design and are honored to be included in Engineering News Record, Architectural Record, and Interior Design's top design firms. LS3P celebrates its 50th anniversary this year. For more information on LS3P, visit www.ls3p.com.
PTC Newberry Team:
Architecture: LS3P
General Contractor: Southside Constructors, LLC
Structural Engineering: Professional Engineering, LLC
Mechanical Engineering: Peritus Engineering & Associates, Inc.
Electrical Engineering: Burdette Engineering, Inc.
Completion: January 2012
Size: 72,500 SF
New ImpactTeam:
Architecture: LS3P
Client: Dr. Eric Bour, Bariatric and General Surgery

subset: commoncrawl


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"It's called the American dream because you have to be asleep to believe it." George Carlin
America has influenced the entire World. In the deep South West of the UK, even the iddillic Cornish countryside has not escaped this, and the rolling hills and sweeping moorlands are now punctuated with American icons and memorabilia. The two worlds seem to have collided; the crashing waves, craggy cliffs, beautiful sandy beaches and the wild moors of Cornwall meet the highly saturated colours, greasy food, bright lights and brashness of America. This project shows the invasion of the American culture onto the Cornish landscape and the obsession people have with the American lifestyle.
Documentary photographer
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You can visit the game's YouTube channel for more videos. There was also talk on the official Twitter account about a demo in the works; although they say details are forthcoming, it was mentioned - a few times - that all platforms will get this demo. The retail version of Kingdoms of Amalur: Reckoning hits shelves on February 7th.
Wild Arms 2 July 3 • 9:00am PDT/12:00pm EDT
Lunar 2: Eternal Blue Continues! Every Monday • 5:00pm PDT/8:00pm EDT
Zero Time Dilemma Every Night! • 5:00pm PDT/8:00pm EDT
Grandia II Continues! Every Wednesday • 2:00pm PDT/5:00pm EDT


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As I go from one school to another, the sheer numbers of children overwhelm me. All stoically marching towards College and Career readiness. Yet I know from a wide range of anecdotal and personal experience, that right now, work is very hard to find. Sometimes parents will bemoan the years of seemingly irrelevant study in academic courses that their now-unemployed and discouraged child took in college - Elizabethan Drama, or German Romanticism, for example - and wish they had insisted on 'career readiness'. But talking to other parents, and unemployed people constantly in my acquaintance, I see that accountancy and business management weren't necessarily any more rewarding or successful in the great survival chase. Perhaps the lawyers, and certainly the medical field – hard to see the path to that from my 3rd grade observations…
But what of those who don't pass the various milestones and go to college? Looking at the great mass of 3rd graders, who can be mediocre readers, poor mathematicians, rebels against studying and homework, living in families that have also not had much contact with the abundant, well-paid, consistent kinds of jobs that used to exist - what are their future job prospects like?
Sometimes as I walk about, I make a list of all the visible sightings of people doing actual jobs. Not the invisible professionals, office workers, not the account executives, or the secretaries booking appointments in reception areas - etc. The people who are serving the community as Postal workers, road works repairmen, internet installers, delivery truck drivers, freight handlers, security, doormen, and especially today - construction workers.
Down at the World Trade Center, there are more building sites than ever! Everything is starting to take shape, the through roads are being cleared out, the transportation hubs are rising, everywhere there are workers in construction gear doing major construction work, handling massive cranes, loading giant pieces of steel, creating the soon to be invisible infra-structure that will support the sleek hi-tech modern environment that is taking shape not just there, but all over the city. How do those people qualify for those jobs? Union affiliations? Civil service tests? Advertisements in trade papers, or on company websites? Are they well paid employees with benefits? Or contract workers with barely even disability insurance, if ever they should need it...?
I can tell you one thing they are not - physical weaklings. So how is a regimen of testing where children barely have 20 minutes of recess in good weather, where gym has been excessed and mandatory amounts of Phys. Ed. are routinely ignored, where running a couple of laps in the playground leaves them winded with their hearts visibly pounding in their throats - where are these strong, resilient people going to come from if we deny most growing children adequate exercise? How will they build stamina and assurance in their physical agility and skill? If we don't let them build with blocks in Kindergarten, how will they ever learn to maneuver the materials of construction and architecture?
I can only ask the questions, society at large must decide where and how public education provides opportunities and avenues toward decent jobs and competent workers. Saying "College and career readiness" as if it is a panacea, as if it actually meant anything - just doesn't address the issues I see before me every day.
The slide show includes documentation of just one area of the city, and the variety of employment I saw there. I also include views of the old industrial loading docks of Red Hook, from the Ferry, with giant cranes, piers and container shipping sites which once provided hundreds or thousands of jobs. That work wasn't for the fainthearted, and it probably had its down side, as work usually does. But it also was an economic base for whole communities and workers, and except for retail jobs being developed in the area, it's gone. But the children of this City deserve decent and abundant ways to provide for their future families, as well as the opportunity to explore higher learning. The two are not mutually exclusive. We have to keep laser focused on all aspects of the question – how?


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The UCLA Department of Art History and UCLA Center for Buddhist Studies present a talk by Christian Luczanits (University of California, Berkeley)
Friday, March 04, 20053:30 PM - 5:00 PMUCLA243 Royce HallLos Angeles, CA 90095
The Tabo Main Temple can be read in its totality with an underlying mandala concept, a Vajradhatumaala, can be identified for a considerable portion of the temple. At the same time the conception of the temple as mandala is overlapped by a mainly hierarchical organization within and across the spatial units of the temple, turning the emphasis to a progressive elevation of the successive spaces. Crossing the temple from the entrance to the Cella in the back of the temple the visitor enters increasingly sacred rooms traversing the space of the mandala on his way. How is then the mandala related to the temple and what could be its function?
Christian Luczanits received his M.A. (1994) and Ph.D (1998) at the Institute of Tibetan and Buddhist Studies, University of Vienna, Austria, the latter degree under the supervision of the late Maurizio Taddei (Istituto Universitario Orientale, Napoli). His research focuses on art historical topics and is largely based on extensive field research and documentation done in the western Himalayas for more than a decade in the course of different research projects based in Vienna. He has published a number of articles on the early Buddhist monuments, artifacts and inscriptions found in this region. Recently his first book, Buddhist Sculpture in Clay: Early Western Himalayan Art, late 10th to early 13th centuries {http://www.serindia.com/item.cfm/143}, has come out with Serindia at Chicago. Currently he is Visiting Assistant Professor at the UC-Berkeley.Home page {http://homepage.univie.ac.at/christian.luczanits/}Research website {http://www.univie.ac.at/itba/}
Sponsor(s): Center for Buddhist Studies, Art History
Study Buddhism at UCLA
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Center for Buddhist Studies • 11385 Bunche Hall • Box 951487 • Los Angeles, CA 90095-1487
Tel: (310) 825-2089 • Fax: (310) 206-3555 • Email: email@example.com
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All 448 rooms including 27 Suites comprise king size or twin beds; 2 IDD telephones; fax/laptop/Maginet connection; writing table; air-conditioning; minibar with refrigerator; television; in-house movies; electronic safe, pay movies and tea/coffee making facilities.
The Mandarin Oriental offers everything — pool, gym, business centre, conference facilities, etc — you'd expect from a five-star hotel in a city where there's robust competition from equally prestigious chains. Its distinctive "pluses" are both upstairs and downstairs. On the 16th to 18th floors, the Club Oriental offers its guests extras such as complimentary breakfast, ruinously good afternoon tea and sundowner cocktails overlooking the city. You can then fall further upstairs to The Oriental Spa, a Thai-inspired temple of body schmoozing and serenity.
* 3 Days / 2 Nights accommodation
* Daily breakfast
* Roundtrip Transfers


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Finger Lakes Community College will offer an evening American Sign Language course tailored for the health care field at its Canandaigua campus, starting in January.
American Sign Language for Health Care Professionals will be offered Tuesdays from 6 to 8:50 p.m. from Jan. 25 to May 17.
This three-credit course is designed to address the communication needs between health care professionals and the deaf community. It focuses on target vocabulary, conversational phrases and context-specific interactions.
Topics also include cultural practices and interactions common in the deaf community, Americans with Disabilities Act (ADA) provisions specific to the deaf patient, and the role of interpreters in the health-care setting.
To register for the ASL for Health Care Professionals (ASL 111-90) course, visit www.flcc.edu/register, e-mail to firstname.lastname@example.com or call (585) 785-1622.
FLCC also offers an associate in arts with an area of special interest in American Sign Language. For information, visit www.flcc.edu


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Thursday night is basically Blunt Club night - who do they have at the Yucca Tap Room this week ?
In addition to the Beat the Heat Water Bottle drive for homeless youth water donation, Blunt Club this week features "When Worlds Collide" - The first Annual Hip Step Zulu Dance Battle and Charity Fundraiser with guests Rob Nasty and Shockwave Evil Deeva, and DJ Chris Villa, Javin Silao (Streetboxx|Power 98.3), DJ M2 (GrooveCandy) & Pickster One. Another big night at the premier hiphop night anywhere near here !
Friday, Crescent Ballroom is the place to be, as the popular 'Cover the Crescent' night brings all sorts of fans to hear all sorts of styles of music ! This time we've got Minibosses, Sweetbleeders, Roar & Treasure Mammal performing Radiohead's OK Computer, Phoenix Afrobeat Orchestra performing Portishead's Dummy, and There is Danger performing Wilco's Yankee Foxtrot Hotel. What a lineup !
Saturday I must recommend Crescent Ballroom yet again, as Jared and the Mill come back from touring to a welcoming Arizona crowd - opening is Captain Squeegee, Bears of Manitou, and Cerny Brothers. Tickets can be found here.
It's as always a great weekend for shows here in the Valley - are you going to these or any other shows this week ? Let us know in the comments below !


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They may have played in different positions and hailed from significantly different backgrounds, but former Reds striker Neil Mellor seemed a natural candidate to interview aspiring youngster Joao Carlos Teixeira.
Teixeira and co take on Sporting Lisbon in the NextGen Series on Wednesday evening and you can watch it live on LFC TV and online from 6.30pm GMT>>
Mellor was a prolific goalscorer at every youth level during his time at Anfield, before graduating to the first team and notching six goals from his 22 appearances in a Liverpool jersey.
Still just 30, the Sheffield native knows exactly what is required to hone potential talent into professional quality capable of representing Liverpool.
Who better then to find out more about a young man who dreams of achieving that goal?
"I'm an attacking midfielder - an eight or 10," the Portuguese prospect explained in the first edition of a new series which features Mellor in conversation with our Academy stars.
"I really liked Kaka when he was at AC Milan - I always followed him, he's my model.
"I prefer to play in the middle because that's where I played all my life. We train a lot to play the Spanish game so I don't feel too much difference.
"The physical contact is different and difficult, and it's much colder. But the teams are trying to play the same way as the Spanish."
Liverpool supporters enjoyed a first glimpse of the 20-year-old before he even joined the club - as Teixeira found the net at the Kop end for Sporting Lisbon during a NextGen Series encounter at Anfield.
Alerted to his attacking abilities in a side which fascinated each and every observer that night, the Reds' scouting department reacted quickly to negotiate a deal which saw Teixeira move to Merseyside.
A long-term back injury instantly set the youngster back at the Academy, but the midfielder recently returned to full fitness and is now determined to succeed at Anfield.
He continued: "When we came to play we were talking about it at Sporting. Liverpool is a big club and the stadium has a lot of history. We were excited to play there; I really enjoyed it and I was happy to score.
"One of the reasons I signed was the stadium, the history of the club, and I know I can have a chance to play in the first team here. I made the right choice and I'm really happy here.
"I support Sporting Lisbon, and in England I support Liverpool. Liverpool is a massive club, in the top ten of the biggest clubs in the world.
"I'm going to the stadium a lot to watch the first team. It's amazing. I remember the Carling Cup at Wembley - 'You'll Never Walk Alone' after that was amazing.
"My first time listening to 'You'll Never Walk Alone' at the stadium was unbelievable.
"I feel fit now. Sometimes I feel some pain in my back but I have work to do on that. I always feel ready to play after that.
"It was really hard because after training four times here they told me I couldn't train anymore because of the problem with my back.
"I was frustrated, because I was playing really well at Sporting and I came here and couldn't play. Seven months without training and playing was really hard for me.
"My teammates and people working at the club helped me with everything. Whatever my problem was, they always helped me - I have to say thank you.
"I learned English at college in Portugal, but not perfect. I'm trying to improve and I'm getting better."
The NextGen Series has kick-started a revolution at youth level - aiding Raheem Sterling, Suso and Andre Wisdom to progress to the Liverpool first team and, in many ways, earning Teixeira his transfer to Anfield.
And the Portuguese could face his former club at the knockout stage of this year's tournament, with the Reds drawn against Sporting in the last 16.
"It's a great thing for the young lads because we can play against good teams that we don't know. We can see other countries," the youngster enthused.
Given their form at domestic level, the young Reds should have nothing to fear - the U21s have yet to lose a league match in 2012-13 and have been highly impressive under new coach Alex Inglethorpe.
Teixeira insisted that the winning mentality will continue for the duration of the season, and revealed that he is already looking forward to the chance to take on Manchester United.
"We're going to do the same things and try to win every game because we go out to win - we don't think any other way," he added.
"I've never played against United, but my teammates tell me it's the best game.
"Like Everton it's a special game so I'm excited to play in that game. We improve when we play against the best teams so it will be good for us even if we don't win."
In the next edition of 'Mellor Meets...' the ex-Liverpool man will be chatting with Ryan McLaughlin.
Tagged: Joao Carlos Teixeira , Teixeira , mellor , neil mellor


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The people at Global Xpedition Vehicles have just sent me some great images of their latest off road RVs.
These hefty vehicles are designed to cross virtualy any terrain and still they mange to keep all the pots and pans from being thrown around…
They have just launched a new "Safari Expedition†model built on a Unimog U-500 chassis. Twenty-six feet long on a 154 inch wheelbase, with a 31.5 feet turning radius. The Safari model is powered by a Mercedes-Benz 6-cylinder (6.4-liter) diesel engine, water-cooled, turbo-charged and intercooled. However it is the all-wheel drive system that really sets the GXV Unimog apart. It has a fully synchronized transmission, 16 forward, 12 reverse gears, portal axles with inter-axle differential lock at front, rear and center axles, coil springs, telescopic absorbers, and stabilizers front and rear. "It is simply the best expedition vehicle to drive in any terrain or condition†said Mike Van Pelt, CEO of Global EXpedition Vehicles. The extreme expedition vehicle is able to camber over rocks or fallen trees three feet high and yet reach 70mph on the highway.
The expedition cab is enhanced with cab suspension shock absorption and a ceiling console with AM/FM and satellite radio, CD, and iPod connection. The sandwich-panel composite coach is attached to the chassis frame with a 3-Point Kinetic connection to eliminate torque transference to the expedition unit. While the extreme GXV is a rugged 4×4 expedition vehicle, inside of the camper it has all the luxuries and comfort of home.
There is premium solid wood cabinets, a 4-person dining area which converts into a 2nd bed, stainless steel refrigerator and freezer, 2 burner diesel cooktop, convection microwave/grill, LED lighting, dry-bath with separate shower and toilet, queen-size bed, 2 flatscreen LCD TVs with full sound system, and plenty of storage areas.
For additional information on Global EXpedition Vehicles, call 417-582-5050 or visit www.globalXvehicles.com


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Southern Illinois University Carbondale
We are here for you — wherever "here" is. SIU Carbondale gives you access to the brains of a nationally ranked research university while bridging the barriers of time and space. We have partnered with University Center of Lake County to bring quality programs to you.
From its humble beginnings as the state's second teachers college — founded in 1869 with a dozen academic departments and an inaugural class of 143 — Southern Illinois University Carbondale now ranks among Illinois' most comprehensive public universities.
Each year, students from all 50 states and more than 100 countries take advantage of outstanding academic programs as they pursue associate, bachelor's, master's, doctoral and professional degrees in law and medicine.
At the University Center
SIU's University Center offerings are drawn from their College of Applied Sciences and Arts, College of Education and Human Services, and College of Engineering.
SIU has an office in the University Center's Grayslake facility, staffed by SIU Program Advisor Nora Mena. You may reach her at (847) 665-4154 or email@example.com
At Great Lakes Naval Training Center
SIU also has an office at the Great Lakes Naval Training Center and runs programs there that are counted as part of their University Center offerings. This office serves the Health Care Management, Electronic Systems Technologies and Workforce Education and Development. For information about these programs, contact Program Coordinator Mary Griffin by email firstname.lastname@example.com or by phone at (847) 689-0055.
Southern Illinois University Carbondale
221 MacDonough Drive
Building 617, Room 203/204
Great Lakes, IL 60088
Programs Offered at University Center
Online Programs & Courses
In addition to the programs offered through the University Center, SIUC also offers the following online programs:
Bachelor's Completion Degree Programs
• Information Systems Technologies
• Mortuary Science and Funeral Service
• University Studies
• Radiology Management/Education
Master's Programs
• Business Administration
• Fire Service and Homeland Security
• Masters of Architecture
• Quality Engineering and Management
• Medical Dosimetry
• Rehabilitation Administration and Services
• Communicating Change in Civil Society, Communication, and Media Practices
• Journalism & Mass Communication
• Information System Security
o CNSS 4011- National Training Standard for Information Systems Security Professionals
o CNSS 4013- National Training Standard for Information Assurance for System Administrators
Professional Development
• Food and Beverage Management
• Lean Six Sigma
Non-Degree Diploma Programs
• Companion Animal Nutrition


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I enjoy most all kinds of crafts. In 2008 I wanted to learn how to sew again it's been awhile since Home Ec. My husband showed me how to lay out the patterns and taught me to sew again. Mind you, my husband is a soldier in the US Army and he is teaching me to sew. Wonderful man.
Take Craftsy with you!
Craftsy Apps for iOS and Android. Read more »


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Quick View
Parmigiano Reggiano BonatiFather and son cheesemakers Georgio and Gianluca Bonati are the overachievers of Parmigiano Reggiano production, going above and beyond in every aspect of craft to ensure a final wheel of impeccable quality, redolent of fresh walnuts, cooked milk, and spring grass. Read More
- Quick View
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Tete de MoineIf you have a Girolle, you too can shave ''the monk's head.'' A strong raw cow's milk cheese from the Jura Mountains, assertively fruity and full-bodied. Read More


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A gas leak caused during excavation work for a new roundabout at Ridgefield's South 65th Avenue and Pioneer Street intersection prompted road closures and business evacuations for more than three hours Thursday as crews scrambled to shut off gas to the line.
The leak was reported at about 1:45 p.m. after a construction worker accidentally struck the line with a Volvo backhoe at 109 S. 65th Ave., said Battalion Chief Tim Dawdy, Clark County Fire & Rescue spokesman.
The Pioneer Street exit off of northbound Interstate 5 and Pioneer Street were closed to traffic until Northwest Natural technicians were able to pinch the gas line at about 5 p.m.
One building of the Tri-Mountain Plaza was evacuated as a precaution, Dawdy said. The building includes Columbia Credit Union, Smiles Dental, Teriyaki Thai, Dharma Salon and Lava Java coffeehouse.
A general manager for Papa Pete's Pizza in the plaza said she could smell gas all the way from Interstate 5 as she was driving in from Vancouver. The general manager, who would only identify herself as Angela, said she had to drive to La Center, take I-5 south and exit on the south Pioneer exit to reach the blockade. Then, she had to be escorted by firefighters to reach her workplace on 65th Avenue.
"You can hear the gas leaking," the general manager said. "It sounds like loud hissing."
Residents and guests at the Tri-Mountain RV Park on South 65th Avenue were not able to come and go until the road reopened, said Manager Mary Robertson. She said more than 50 people live at the park.
Ann Lonergan, a server at Country Cafe on Pioneer Street, said the restaurant was deserted during the leak. With no customers to serve, she said she spent the afternoon cleaning.
"It's just a hassle," Lonergan said.
The general manager at Papa Pete's said that restaurant also lost most of a day's business because customers couldn't reach the restaurant and workers couldn't make deliveries.
Repairs to the gas line were expected to continue until about 8 p.m. Thursday, said Northwest Natural spokesperson Melissa Moore. Gas service was not shut off for customers, except to eight customers in the Tri-Mountain Plaza, Moore said.
Businesses and residents who want to dig as part of a project are required by federal law to call 811 to find out the location of lines before breaking ground, Moore said. She said it was unclear whether that had been done in this case.


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With both positivity and perspective, brilliant Brent Michelle enthusiastically shares exciting news about upcoming gigs coming quickly in this new year. In this interview, the talented artist reveals her insights on 2014, doing so with warmth and candor. A powerful presence in the Los Angeles music scene, hardworking Michelle is poised for a terrific 2014:
W.E. Are there any upcoming, projects gigs etc… you would like to mention?
B.M. I'm starting off the 2014 with a bang! I'll be performing in a BMI showcase on Monday, January 6th at 7 p.m.. Alongside my talented friend Shani and two other singer/songwriters, we will be singing original acoustic songs at Genghis Cohen. It's free and all ages. Then, my next big show will be at Witzend on March 7th. I'll be singing with a full band, which is something I haven't done in quite while. I can't wait!
W.E. What are your music predictions for 2014?
B.M. I predict (hope) I'll be back in the studio this year to record some new music. I also think I will see a lot of friends start rising and getting the recognition they should be receiving. So vague, I know, but the music world is so fragile. We all just have to keep working hard!
More information is to come!


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Kentucky State Police Troopers say there are several important steps that will increase your safety when stranded in winter weather.
Storms cause poor visibility and ice-covered roadways. Staying in your vehicle in these situations if often the safest choice.
Trooper Chad Winn says let others know you are stranded by tying a ribbon on your antenna.
Winn says preparation is key.
Create a winter survival kit before bad weather strikes for your vehicle with items that will come handy should you get stranded.
Leaving these items in the front seat is crucial. These items include a cell phone and charger, blankets, first-aid kits, a can and waterproof matches to melt now for water, jumper cables, roadmaps, and a compass.
Trooper Winn says women should be especially cautious if help is offered.
Winn says, "she needs to ask for help don't go with them, they have to call KSP and stay with vehicle."
Other tips if stranded are: Try staying awake and keep moving even if it gets dark. This makes you less vulnerable to cold-health related problems and increases your circulation.
Stay warm by wrapping your entire body including your head with clothing and newspapers.
KSP also says giving a family member or friend a copy of your travel itinerary if you plan on taking a road trip this holiday season so that you arrive safely at your final destination.
One of the most important things KSP emphasizes is speeding.
Drivers speed when they don't realize that even though the ground looks clear, roads can still be very slick.
Drivers need to slow down and always pay attention.
If you need road and traffic information you can dial 511 from your phone.


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Gul Ahmed Summer Lawn Collection 2012 Volume 2
"Gul Ahmed" is a name of fame and quality in women clothing. Gul Ahmed Summer Lawn is a Gul Ahmed's most attractive and most famous product. Gul Ahmed Summer Lawn Collection 2012 volume 1 has got enormous and spectacular success and was most liked by everyone due to the best prints and stylish colors. This beautiful summer collection 2012 by Gul Ahmed has consists of beautiful lawn prints which are divided into different categories named Embroidered chiffon collection, Pure crinkle chiffon, Printed lawn collection, Pure cotton, Black and white collection, Pure silk, Le sole premium, Chantly de lace etc etc..
Click on any picture below to see full sized.


text: Staff and volunteers of the Atlanta Red Cross assembled on the front steps of Atlanta Chapter headquarters (1955 Monroe Dr. N.E., Atlanta, GA 30324) on Tuesday, July 5, at 10 AM, to welcome Australian ultra-marathoner Pat Farmer who is running to raise $100 Million for the International Red Cross. Farmer, a 48 year old Australian Ultra-marathoner, will run 2 marathons every day for nearly a year, in order to achieve his goal. He has already battled treacherous ice in the arctic, will face the dark, dangerous jungles of South America and will pass through 14 countries and cover 13,000 miles by the time he reaches the geographic South Pole in early 2012. He is undertaking this historic challenge to highlight the deaths of millions around the world each year caused by lack of clean water. All money raised will go to Red Cross water sanitation projects across the globe. Follow his journey at www.poletopolerun.com


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Arrival Experience: The city-center Hilton hotel is a business traveler favorite for its convenient location and friendly service. With a location near the Stock Exchange there is a business focus here, which is appreciated by travelers. Most are arriving by train from the airport, which is quick and convenient from the nearby S-Bahn station. Once in the airy lobby, service is friendly and swift with staff ready to assist in multiple languages. A trickling fountain, natural light, and plentiful seating area welcome guests to linger before finding their room.
Dining: This hotel is in the city's core with more dining options in the neighborhood to choose from than is imaginable. Pacific Colors is the main restaurant serving a colorful breakfast spread overlooking the nearby park. Terrace seating is especially popular when the weather is warm enough. The new Terrace on the Park restaurant will serve lunch and dinner al fresco with ample sunny and shady spots. The menu features continental fare, and nearby Gekko's stays open late each with thumping club action. Cuban cigars and other tasteful cocktails are welcome additions, and the lobby bar is open for coffee, German beer or any desired tipple throughout the day and evening. Known as the Vista Bar, it has an airy atmosphere with natural light and plentiful seating welcoming business visitors from nearby offices after work.
Accommodations: All rooms are complete with wide desks with rolling chairs, numerous electrical outlets, and excellent views of either side of the city's skyline. Peter Thomas Roth skincare products headline the bathrooms while guest rooms showcase all kinds of extras from cushioned armchairs or sofas to coffeemakers. The beds are topped with thick duvets and a stack of plump pillows while closets hold robes and slippers. Modern style has made its way through every inch of the property, which makes a wonderful first impression. Executive level rooms have free evening cocktails and breakfast on the elevator landing's lounge plus concierge service at any hour. For those booking the executive level, breakfast is also served in Pacific Colors restaurant.
Conclusion: This hotel has its eye on corporate travelers thanks to its city-center location. The health club, operated by a third party, is full service with a modern gym and massage facility. A major selling point for the hotel is its semi-Olympic swimming pool that is popular with those that are into aquatic pursuits. Groups are commonly found in the hotel's plentiful meeting areas, and the staff is used to dealing with Americans among other international travelers. This is an ideal option for those wanting a heart-of-it-all location, modern accommodations, and the promise of Hilton reliability.
Charlotte travelers can fly on US Airways nonstop to Frankfurt twice daily during the summer months, and once daily throughout the rest of the year.


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Tula's Restaurant & Nightclub
2214 Second Ave. Send to Phone
206-443-4221 | Make Restaurant Reservations | Menu
OpenOpen nightly from 3 p.m.
Open late
- Dress code: Casual
- Entertainment: Live music
- Full bar
* Click here for rating key
Tula's Restaurant & Nightclub Restaurant Review: Local jazz musicians take center stage at this hot-spot in Belltown. Patrons may enjoy simple Greek food like spanakopita and dolmathes. Gyros and falafel sandwiches are heartier options. Large groups can order the Tula's Platter, which feeds a crowd with a selection of appetizers including classic hummus and souvlaki. Until 10 p.m., Tula's is an all-ages venue.
Sign up to receive the 2016 edition of GAYOT's Annual Restaurant Issue, which will feature the Top 40 Restaurants in the U.S. and more.


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Healthy Child, Healthy World's Summer Luncheon is an annual educational fundraising event -- promoting a world in which every child has the opportunity to grow up in a healthy and safe environment. This year's luncheon was held at a private residence in the Hamptons, and featured an intimate conversation about food and its effects on our bodies and minds.
Attendees were also able to shop the stylish products of vendors who donated a portion of the day's sales to Healthy Child. Vendors included ASH + AMES, Beautycounter, Coming Soon, Lafayette 148 New York, love-jewelry, MGEMS, Sakara Life, The Styleliner & Mignot St. Barths.
Hosted by Erica Reid (author of The Thriving Child) at her home in Sagaponack, the Luncheon welcomed 160 parents and influencers. Guests included Kelly Rutherford, Carolyn Murphy, Catherine McCord, Noelle Beck, Liza Huber, Denise Albert and Samantha Ettus.
A keynote address by given by Dr. Mark Hyman of The UltraWellness Center. Dr. Hyman is a family physician, an eight-time #1 New York Times bestselling author and an international leader in his field. Joining Dr. Hyman for a panel discussion were Chef Bun Lai and Ashley Koff, R.D, moderated by Samantha Ettus.
Top tips from the event include:
· Cut all liquid sugars from your diet
· It's ok to "bend the rules" when eating out, but make your home a safe zone for food
· Choose organic for the foods you consume most often
· Give your body food it recognizes – natural, whole food vs. "chemistry projects"
· Avoid GMOs whenever possible.
· Get everyone in the household involved in the food selection and preparation process.
Learn more about this organization and to see how you can get involved visit their site at healthychild.org


text:
While I'm trying to puncture a few work balloons, discuss the following gem from Singlebarbed amongst yourselves, where he (ahem) disagrees with something from the recent issue of Angling Trade:
It's probably their best issue yet, but after digesting it from cover to cover I'm unsettled by some of the commentary.
Maybe we should all wake up and smell the coffee. It isn't about hair salons, or Costco, or even big box stores and direct sales over the Internet. It's about who really cares about fly shops, and who backs words with action. Any action. Think on that, and you already know who has your back, and who doesn't.
Naturally I've got my own ideas about how all this is supposed to work, and knowing that us taxpayers share an increasing frustration over posturing politicians, CEO's, and those that nearly bankrupted the economy, yet I'm still a little surprised that someone would think we owe anything to anyone that wasn't earned the old fashioned way.
Why does someone in this industry think I owe an underfunded childhood fantasy a decent living?
Badda bing.
If you've got something to say about that topic, best to discuss it over at Singlebarbed (there are a lot of good points being made).
One comment I will make centers around an often-repeated fallacy — that the "Internet" is dealing a death blow to the fly shops disappearing from the landscape.
First, the "Internet" is basically plumbing; if someone's buying online — and putting the boots to a local fly shop — they're still buying from a person or a company apparently offering a better value proposition, not some malevolent entity with a grudge against brick & mortar shops.
So why is buying online so attractive?
It's not uncommon for a USA-based "manufacturer" to source goods overseas, so the chain can look like this: overseas manufacturer to US-based company to rep (or distributor) to fly shop to you — the fly angler harboring suspicions of being overcharged.
That's a lot of steps, and each takes their pound of flesh.
Contrast that with the ability of today's fly fisherman to sometimes reach directly overseas via the Internet — buying goods directly from the people making them.
At the very least, it's not hard to prune a couple steps from that supply chain (along with a couple of markups), and it's little surprise the number of "direct-to-consumer" fly rod companies has grown the last couple years — or that fly shops are now selling their own branded fly rods (three steps instead of five).
Where it gets a little strange is when someone puts forth the idea that fly fishermen — or even the fly fishing industry — are somehow obligated to protect that original, inefficient supply chain.
Other industries — including my own — have been upended by the advent of digital goodies and the Intertubes, and while plenty of tears have been shed, I can't remember hearing anyone seriously suggest we all pull together to push back the essentially irresistible forces of change.
Fly fishing won't be any different.
A guide friend of mine once said that the industry is fighting tooth and nail to avoid change instead of embracing it, and I'd say there are a lot of cracks appearing in the facade.
Some companies — especially the self-contained ones — seem to be doing fine.
Those that can't budge had better deliver a hell of a value proposition, or get used to hearing that flushing sound.


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Whether you hit the gym on a regular basis or you just like to be fashionable, Urban Halo has a unique line of headbands that may be of interest to anyone wishing to live a greener lifestyle. The product line, which includes a series of products for men, were designed by a woman named Jen who is a runner, stay-at-home mom, and self proclaimed group fitness junkie. After searching for what she considered the "perfect headband" and failing, Jen turned to her sewing machine with the cutest fabric she could find and inspiration struck. Soon after, the first "Urban Halo" was born. What makes Jen's designs better than the competition? Urban Halos are stylish, functional and do not create headaches like so many other products in the marketplace. The line consists of several products:
- Signature halos in unique, eye catching prints
- Solid halos in trendy and classic colors
- Rhinestone halos which feature flashy designs
- Iron halos for the men
- Studio scarves which can be used as a cover up before and after workouts
The entire product line are fashioned from a buttery soft fabric that is made using eco-friendly, waterless processes in the United States. Not only are Urban Halos eco-friendly, they are patriotic, too! For more information, and to view the entire product line and patterns, please visit the Urban Halo website or Facebook page.


text:
More New and Used
from Private Sellers
Note: Supplemental materials are not guaranteed with Rental or Used book purchases.
Introductory Phonology
ISBN13:by Hayes, Bruce
Questions About This Book?
Why should I rent this book?
Renting is easy, fast, and cheap! Renting from eCampus.com can save you hundreds of dollars compared to the cost of new or used books each semester. At the end of the semester, simply ship the book back to us with a free UPS shipping label! No need to worry about selling it back.
How do rental returns work?
Returning books is as easy as possible. As your rental due date approaches, we will email you several courtesy reminders. When you are ready to return, you can print a free UPS shipping label from our website at any time. Then, just return the book to your UPS driver or any staffed UPS location. You can even use the same box we shipped it in!
What version or edition is this?
This is the 1st edition with a publication date of 8/25/2008.
What is included with this book?
- The New copy of this book will include any supplemental materials advertised. Please check the title of the book to determine if it should include any CDs, lab manuals, study guides, etc.
- The Used copy of this book is not guaranteed to include any supplemental materials. Typically, only the book itself is included.
- The Rental copy of this book is not guaranteed to include any supplemental materials. You may receive a brand new copy, but typically, only the book itself.
Accessible, succinct, and including numerous student-friendly features,this introductory textbook offers an exceptional foundation to thefield for those who are coming to it for the first time. Provides an ideal first course book in phonology, written by a renowned phonologist Developed and tested in the classroom through years of experience and use Emphasizes analysis of phonological data, placing this in its scientific context, and explains the relevant methodology Guides students through the larger questions of what phonological patterns reveal about language Includesnumerous course-friendly features, including multi-part exercises andannotated suggestions for further reading at the end of each chapter
Author Biography
Bruce Hayes is Professor of Linguistics at the University of California, Los Angeles. He has published extensively in books and journals, and is the author of Metrical Stress Theory: Principles and Case Studies (1995), and editor (with Robert Kirchner and Donca Steriade) of Phonetically-Based Phonology (2004). His website is available at: www.linguistics.ucla.edu/people/hayes.
Table of Contents
|p. viii
|p. 1
|Phonemic Analysis
|p. 19
|More on Phonemes
|p. 47
|p. 70
|p. 103
|Phonological Alternation I
|p. 121
|Phonological Alternation II
|p. 142
|Morphophonemic Analysis
|p. 161
|p. 190
|The Role of Morphology and Syntax
|p. 205
|Diachrony and Synchrony
|p. 223
|p. 235
|p. 250
|Stress, Stress Rules, and Syllable Weight
|p. 271
|Tone and Intonation
|p. 291
|On Phonology Problems
|p. 315
|p. 317
|Table of Contents provided by Ingram. All Rights Reserved.


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Did Lincoln Die
A Committed Atheist?
A. W. Furches
From: "A.W. Furches"
To: "Positive Atheism" <firstname.lastname@example.com>
Sent: January 10, 2002 1:02 PM
Subject: Lincoln
Hello --
I was just goofing off on the internet and found your page of Abraham Lincoln quotes; I thought you might be interested in some info the Abraham Lincoln Org. sent me a while back. I am a Christian, and I myself have also been sore tempted to claim Lincoln as "one of us." He's such a great guy, I think even a Hindu might feel the same to a degree.
The truth is, nobody knows what Lincoln's religious beliefs were the day he died. I wrote the Abraham Lincoln organization a while back about this, and I saved their response. I thought you might enjoy reading what they wrote (it's the paragraph below). It is certain that Lincoln was an atheist for the great majority of his life, there's no doubt about that, but I think we do history a great disservice by trying to paint him up as we want him to appear; that is, your page of evidence leads one to believe that Lincoln died a committed atheist.
There is some striking evidence for a change of heart at the end of his life, just as much as there is evidence that he didn't change; it is a gray area, and I don't think it is our place to judge this man. So here's what the ALO wrote to me.
Lincoln did have a close friend who was, like Lincoln, a skeptic when both were young men. His name was Joshua Speed. Speed later published a small volume called Reminiscences of Abraham Lincoln (available at the restored Speed home called "Farmington" in Louisville, Kentucky). Here's a story Speed relates from 1864 when he visited Lincoln in Washington:
"I have often been asked what were Mr. Lincoln's religious opinions. When I knew him, in early life, he was a skeptic. He had tried hard to be a believer, but his reason could not grasp and solve the great problem of redemption as taught. He was very cautious never to give expression to any thought or sentiment that would grate harshly upon a Christian's ear. For a sincere Christian he had great respect. He often said that the most ambitious man might live to see every hope fail; but, no Christian could live to see his fail, because fulfillment could only come when life ended. But this was a subject we never discussed.
"The only evidence I have of any change, was in the summer before he was killed. I was invited out to the Soldier's Home to spend the night. As I entered the room, near night, he was sitting near a window intently reading his Bible.
"Approaching him I said, 'I am glad to see you so profitably engaged.'
"'Yes,' said he, 'I am profitably engaged.'
"'Well,' said I, 'If you have recovered from your skepticism, I am sorry to say that I have not.'
"Looking me earnestly in the face, and placing his hand on my shoulder, he said, 'You are wrong Speed, take all of this book upon reason that you can, and the balance on faith, and you will live and die a happier and better man.'"
Lincoln's faith is still a matter of controversy among scholars, but this incident is about as revealing as the notoriously private Lincoln would allow.
Hope it is of some help to you.
Rhoda Sneller
One thing they didn't include: according to Mary Todd, among his last words were "I have always wanted to see Jerusalem." So who knows? I suppose the scholars and historians are right on this matter; we should reserve judgement in areas which are extremely uncertain. It's only fair to Lincoln to provide unbiased accounts of his life and faith -- however unsatisfying that may be to you or I!
Happy new year, and all the best.
Alex Furches
From: "Positive Atheism" <email@example.com>
To: "A.W. Furches"
Subject: Re: Lincoln
Date: January 09, 2002 4:38 PM
your page of evidence leads one to believe that Lincoln died a committed atheist
I am only trying to counter the extremely popular myth that Lincoln was a devout and pious Christian. That's all. It is a very common ploy on the part of apologists for the Christian religion to claim that the heroes of humankind were pious Christians when, indeed, they were not Christians at all. This has happened many times with numerous individuals; much productive time on the part of non-Christian scholars and advocates has been wasted trying to track down the truths behind these lies, in the hope of trying to present a more truthful picture to the public by countering these lies.
I never represented Lincoln's religion other than to quote Herndon as having called him "at times, an atheist."
Madalyn Murray O'Hair poignantly echoes my sentiments on this whole matter:
We wish our Christian brothers would be honest and permit us our heroes. We do not deny them theirs.
I don't think "committed atheist" describes Lincoln at any time of his life. Of course, the word atheist had different shades of meaning, then, than it does today, including, unfortunately, an element of lawlessness or disregard for authority ("wickedness"). Also, we must distinguish between "strong" atheism (asserting that no gods exist) and "weak" atheism (lacking a god-belief for whatever reason -- including "strong" atheism!). Both etymological issues belong in any discussion of whether or not a person is or was "an atheist." As an eye-opening example of where this could lead, I excerpted a passage from George H. Smith's, Why Atheism? suggesting three different ways the question "Was Spinoza an atheist?" might be answered: one who never employs theistic terminology; one who explicitly disbelieves in any personal, transcendent, or supernatural God; one who views himself as an atheist.
Even granting (for the sake of discussion) both the Speed account and that Lincoln did have a religious conversion experience in Washington, the truth is that we do not have enough evidence to justify the vehemence with which many claim the piety of Abraham Lincoln. I openly admit that I cannot justify vehemently calling him an atheist -- at any time in his life, and apart from whoever at American Atheists edited (botched) the Joseph Lewis reprints, I don't know of any atheists who have.
Had Lincoln been a pious Christian, he would most certainly have shared this information with his wife, don't you think? Is this not one of the central commandments and tenets of the Christian faith? to "confess," that is, to share with others that one has had a Christian conversion experience? But after Lincoln died, she was asked this question directly, and she said that he had not been a Christian. I must concur with that, as I have no better information than what she told the interviewer who asked this specific question.
Also, I fail to see any importance as to what a person believed at the moment of death. At the moment of Lincoln's death, he had been unconscious for many hours, so I think we can say he didn't believe anything at all.
However, some people become ill and lose track of what they had worked out, logically, as adults, and subsequently, because of the illness, revert to the structure that was given to them during childhood. Corrie ten Boom, during the final years of her life, lost the ability to speak English and could only speak her Native Dutch. Stress can wreak havoc on a person's opinions as well. I am undergoing tremendous stress right now, and some of the things that were once important to me mean nothing at this moment, and may never again mean very much (and in some cases, this could prove to be a very good thing!). Nevertheless, what is happening to me right now is insignificant compared to what Lincoln went through during the Civil War, which had only very recently ended by the time he died. What is occurring at the moment of death, then, would tell me less than nothing about an individual's thoughts as a healthy human.
What we do know about Lincoln is this:
1. During the productive years of his life, starting from when he began to form his opinions and values and going through his departure to Washington, Lincoln was well-known to be someone who was not a pious Christian (or a Christian of any sort). He was variously described by those who knew him as a Deist, a Freethinker, and "at times, an atheist" (Herndon). The story of his anti-Bible manuscript being thrown in the fire is remembered by several who claim either to have been there when it happened or to have been told about it by someone who was there.
2. Several contradictory claims were made (including Speed's) that he had converted to Christianity while in Washington. These all cannot be true simultaneously. Not one of them can be shown to be trustworthy but are (a) anecdotal, at best, and (b) contradicted by other, much more reliable reports (such as that of Mary Todd Lincoln). Some of them are shown to be untrustworthy.
3. Lincoln's wife, Mary Todd Lincoln, when asked if Lincoln had been a Christian, said no, he was not a Christian. This interview took place after he had died.
I have investigated the claims for his piety that were known about fifty years ago, but I have not checked into any works that are younger than fifty years. However, if any "newer evidence" comes forth, it would need to be falsifiable (unlike much of this anecdotal evidence alleging the piety of various heroes). Further, in this particular case, it would need to be compared with the reply of Mary Todd Lincoln that he had not been a Christian.
Reports of his reading the Bible mean nothing to me, as he was always an avid reader of that book (and so am I, believe it or not, an avid reader of that enigma). So, if reading or even recommending the Bible makes one a Christian, then sign me up on the roster of the nearest Church: I am a Christian without even knowing it!
But what he was when he died, or even during the final months of his life (after he had undergone tremendous stress) doesn't mean as much to me: it is what made the man that means the most to me. And part of what made Lincoln, intellectually, was an avid interest in the works of Thomas Paine and several Deists and Freethinkers of the Enlightenment and post-Enlightenment era, combined, in part, with a willingness to, like Paine and others, criticize the book which others called the infallible Word of God.
Cliff Walker
Positive Atheism Magazine
Six years of service to
people with no reason to believe
Material by Cliff Walker (including unsigned editorial commentary) is copyright ©1995-2006 by Cliff Walker. Each submission is copyrighted by its writer, who retains control of the work except that by submitting it to Positive Atheism, permission has been granted to use the material or an edited version: (1) on the Positive Atheism web site; (2) in Positive Atheism Magazine; (3) in subsequent works controlled by Cliff Walker or Positive Atheism Magazine (including published or posted compilations). Excerpts not exceeding 500 words are allowed provided the proper copyright notice is affixed. Other use requires permission; Positive Atheism will work to protect the rights of all who submit their writings to us.


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Skydiving.com now has a network skydiving location serving North Metro and Gwinnett County in Georgia. Call Skydiving.com at 1-800-617-7948 for details, free information and specials on skydiving in North Metro, GA today!
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Conveniently Serving 30026 and 1 other North Metro, GA zipcode:
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text:
Skydiving.com now has a network skydiving location serving Drummond and Garfield County in Oklahoma. Call Skydiving.com at 1-800-617-7948 for details, free information and specials on skydiving in Drummond, OK today!
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text:
Ground-antbirds (Formicariidae)
Rufous-faced Antpitta (Grallaria erythrotis) - HBW 8, p. 719
French: Grallaire masquée
German: Rostwangen-Ameisenpitta
Spanish: Tororoí Carirrufo
Taxonomy: Grallaria erythrotis P. L. Sclater and Salvin, 1876, Tilotilo, western Yungas, Bolivia.
Distribution: Bolivia, in Yungas of La Paz, Cochabamba and Santa Cruz.
- Least Concern Enlarge map
Videos0 videos
- No videos available yet
Photos3 photos
Male calling
Locality Siberia, Comarapa, Santa Cruz Department, Bolivia
Dubi Shapiro 13 November 2012 3 years ago 4.6
Dorsal view of a bird on the ground, among vegetation.
Locality Alto Sacramento, La Paz Department, Bolivia (Monotypic species)
Joe Tobias 2 December 2005 4 years ago 4
An individual perched in a bush.
Locality Keara, La Paz Department, Bolivia (Monotypic species)
Joe Tobias 8 October 2006 4 years ago 3.7
Sounds1 recording
Song after playback. Locality Tablas Monte, Chapare, Cochabamba Department, Bolivia
Carlos Gussoni 8 January 2014 2 years ago 0


text:
Skydiving.com now has a network skydiving location serving Fyffe and De Kalb County in Alabama. Call Skydiving.com at 1-800-617-7948 for details, free information and specials on skydiving in Fyffe, AL today!
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text:
Recently I decided to broaden my horizons from tanking into the other roles in the World of Warcraft. As it stands I have 5 max level toons:
- Goreblades (Protection / Arms) Warrior
- Founderz (Feral Tank / Feral DPS) Druid
- Forsakndeath (Blood / Frost) Death Knight
- Forsakenbelf (Protection / Retribution) Paladin
- Rafikki (Restoration / Enhancement) Shaman
Of these five, only one have I played raided with on a consistant basis--my Warrior. However as more fights have been requiring only 1 tank and my usual tank-mate Gordrin (Yes, the same Gordrin who contributes here) has a healing off spec, it has been less then hinted at me that I needed to actually learn what I was doing in the DPS department.
The Before Time
All through Wrath of the Lich King I had my DPS off spec. Actually, I was called on to use it many times when we could still run 10 and 25 man ICC in the same week. However, to say that I had an off spec was really being generous. Half to three-quarters of my gear was always still my tanking gear, and on a good fight I would top out at maybe 3-4k DPS (yes, that would put me BELOW the tanks--hell, almost at the healers level). Not very much was ever expected of me, and I just coasted on the "I'm a tank, I am not expected to DPS much" card.
Once Cataclysm went live, I began to notice in the raids and 5 mans that I was involved in that plate DPS gear drops a lot more regularly then plate tanking gear does. That, coupled with a lack of plate-wearing DPS in our raids resulted in me completely (well ALMOST completely) being able to wear a full set of DPS gear when I was asked to switch specs for certain fights. however, still subscribing to the "im a tank, deal with it" DPS mentality, it had no gems, no enchants, and i had no idea of a rotation. This is how I played until about two weeks ago.
After raid one night, I overheard a discussion in vent between some other raiders about how the raid went that night. What surprised me (although it shouldn't I guess) was the way they talked about the tanks. They put the person that I was tanking with up on a pedastal because his tanking was flawless. When they started talking about my performance (still unaware that I was listening), they had little to complain about in regards to my tanking, but when it came to me using my off spec, I think the phrase "poor DPS is better then no DPS" was used to sum up what they were saying. When someone pointed out that it was my off spec, one of the people said that, "it shouldn't matter. The numbers [I] was putting out was a disgrace for the level of gear that [I] was wearing." They pointed out that none of it was gemmed/enchanted/reforged, so I was not winning any brownie points for raid utility.
Now, before I continue with this story of worthlessness, there is a crucial piece of information that is missing. Goreblades is a middle child, and suffers from classic middle-child syndrome. Everything that I have ever done has been over shadowed by either my older brother have done it before, or my younger brother doing it better and cuter because he was "the baby." Now back to our regularly scheduled character assasination.
So, when I heard all this my first instinct was to be devestated. Here I was, working and doing well in my chosen craft (tanking) and I STILL was standing in someone elses shadow. Given this tanks enormity of success in Malice, it was a BIG shadow. So, having qqed a little to my Malice mentor (Titleist), I decided that there was only ever going to be one way and one way only for me to be viewed as an equal to this other tank, and that was to be better then him. Step one of that needed to be improving my off spec.
The first step on my road to improvement has been my spec. I started with a Single-Minded Fury Spec. I went to the training Dummy and got my baseline DPS .... doing everything i thought i should be doing and looking at the numbers from there. I spent an even 5 minutes whacking away on the dummy, without looking at my recount, going for broke. At the end of five minues I left comat, looked down and saw that I did a whopping 5.5k. One work came to mind--PATHETIC.
So, I opened my spell book and went to my Jewelcrafting. I went to cut some gems, but then realized that I didn't know what I needed to cut--but I knew where to find out, AskMrRobot.com. I logged out of World of Warcraft, and hit him up. Mr Robot gave me a laundry list of gems and enchants that I needed to get on each piece of gear, as well as some reforging suggestions. I also copied down Mr Robots preferred SMF spec and then logged back into the game.
Getting back into the game, I gemmed, enchanted, reforged and respecedd and went back to the same dummy. I am not sure if going ot the same dummy matters or not, but wasn't going to add any unecesssary variables that I didn't have to. I set the timer on my watch for five minutes, cleared my recount, and whacked away again. whack. Whack. Whack. All the while again I was ignoring my recount I did again what I thought I was upposed to be doing. When the buzzer sounded, I left combat and looked down at my recount now. 7k. REALLY?!?!?! I logged out and walked away from the computer.
7k DPS. Seriously. After I got done yelling at the computer (because it was OBVIOUSLY the computers fault) I decided that some reading was in order. So I went to Tankspot and I went to Elitist Jerks and started taking notes on anything warrior I could find. After I woke up from them putting me to sleep, I read over the notes I took and decided to give the training dummy another couple whacks since I know had a rotation to work with.
Again I logged in, again I set my watch, and again I cleared my recount. Whack. Whack. Whack on the dummy for another five minutes. 8.5K. better, but still not where I wanted to be. So I thought for a second and then remembered the 2 handed mace I got off of Magmaw the week before. I saw that I had copied some information about arms, and I thought "Why not? Couldn't be THAT bad."
I respecced, which meant re-gemming and reforging again. Went back to the dummy, reset recount, hit START on my watch, and whacked away yet again. 9.8k. Almost there. Just a few more tweaks, and I should hit 11k -- which was my goal because it will mean that i have doubled my DPS output in a single week.
But before I ran any more simulations, it was time to test it out in battle. After all, I wanted to know what I could REALLY do when it mattered -- buffed and against an actual living, breathing boss. SO I went into BoT with the expectation of using my new spec at some point that night.
As ecstatic as I was about this (believe me, I told anyone who would listen), I knew my work was far from over. I looked through the recount log to see what I was using and what I was not using, and made some changes to how my bars were laid out. I macroed a few abilities to add Heroic Strike much the same way I do for tanking, and knew I needed another fight to test it. I didnt have to wait long for my chance.
The next night, we got to Atramedeas in BWD. Again, only 1 tank, so again I switched to arms. Though not nearly as nervous this time, I was eager to get this going. Whack, wham, run, jump, dodge, dead dragon. Feeling I did a better job, I looked at my recount ... "4. Goreblades 11436."
Not only a Victory, but a resounding success in more then doubling my DPS output in less then a week.
I know I have more work ahead of me, but seeing how well I have done here gives me a sense of not only encouragement, but accomplishment as well. Now that I am over the 10k DPS hurdle, I find myself shooting for the 15k ........ and I am chomping at the bit to make that work.


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Tomorrow is February 14, 2014 or Valentine's Day. Thanks to Winter Storm Pax, many people may have to change their plans. The writer's annual Valentine's Day article will not only give you a peace of mind but save your money. So check out these tips and remember whether you are single or in a relationship, Valentine's Day is for you too.
1) Your marital status is irrelevant: If you are in a relationship, good for you. Make sure you cherish your significant other every day and not just on special occasions. If you are single or just coming out of a breakup, you can celebrate Valentine's Day also. You can do things to love on yourself. Treat yourself to a massage, movie, a meal, a new pair of shoes, and outfit. Make sure you show love to yourself.
2) Pax has impacted everyone's Valentine's Day plans: If you planned to go out for Valentine's Day you need to do a few things before venturing out. If Maryland is under a state of emergency, your date is no longer essential. Call your restaurant to make sure it is open. Avoid parking on the street and check to see if nearby garages are open. Valet is also an option. If you planned to have something delivered, call the delivery company to make sure the delivery is still taking place. You may also have to change the delivery address.
3) Use this free time to reconnect with family and friends: Since many people are off from school and work, use this time to call and connect with people. Your phone call could brighten up someone's otherwise dull day. Make sure you keep your phone and other devices charged because this could be an all-day activity.
4) You can postpone your activity to another day: As ideal as it would be to be out tomorrow, you can postpone your activity. Many restaurants will be extending their specials due to the storm. Also you will not have to face big crowds.
5) Make your own meal: Nothing says I love you like a home cooked meal. You can make a meal for your family, friends or significant other. You can do together which will make it less work for you. Cooking a meal together ensures a great meal and quality time spent together.
6) Eat as a group: You can go out to eat (once the snow stops falling) as a group. You can go with family, friends, other couples and more. Instead of having many reservations, you can have one with the people you love most.
7) It does not have to be dinner: You can eat breakfast, brunch, happy hour or a late night dinner with your loved one(s). Dinner would be ideal but since it may be crowded, you can avoid crowds by eating at a different time.
8) President's Day is Monday: This is a super long weekend for some people. In that case, you can spread out your Valentine's Day activities and also rest,
9) Do something nice for someone else: One great expression of love is to do something nice for someone else. During the storm you can help someone clean off their car, shovel snow, pour down salt and more. You can treat someone to a meal. You can take them out or offer to cook for them. Also think of those who are grieving, have a solider overseas, or who are less fortunate. Make an effort to do good to someone else.
10) Have fun: Whatever you decide to do make sure you have fun. There is no reason to be stressed out or sad for one day. Make the best of this day and know that the world is better off because you are here. Happy Valentine's Day everyone.
Suggested Links
- The Cal Ripken, Sr. Foundation 2014 Aspire Gala will be on Friday Feb. 21, 2014
- DEA Exhibit Target America Comes to the Maryland Science Center, 2/10
- Brigance Brigade will host inaugural 5.7K run in April to benefit ALS patients
- Mission BBQ raises $23,546 for local heroes with 9-11 NEVER FORGET Cups
- Wegmans Hunt Valley Contemporary Cooking Series continues in 2014


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Bethenny Frankel Hooked Up With The Situation?!
"TV 'Housewife' in a Bad Situation!" screams a headline in the National Enquirer about Bethenny Frankel allegedly being "caught" in a "cheating scandal" with Mike "The Situation" Sorrentino.
According to the sometime magazine/sometime birdcage liner, Frankel "hooked up" with The Situation, and the "cheating scandal is threatening to destroy her already troubled marriage" to Jason Hoppy, who's been "suspicious for some time because of all the problems they've had."
The tab then quotes a seemingly fictitious source saying in an even more made-up sounding quote, "Getting mixed up with someone like Mike Sorrentino, who has just been through rehab, is the last thing Bethenny needs right now."
Actually, the last thing she needs is fabricated stories linking her to "Jersey Shore" stars.
A rep for Frankel tells Gossip Cop the rumor about the two hooking up is 100% FALSE.
Follow @GossipCop on Twitter!
Like us on Facebook!


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Can you please share with me how you balance motherhood and raising a lo?
How do you find time to exercise and work ? Need suggestions!
I haven't tried this yet, but intend to start this afternoon: cardio during tummy time. I figure if I'm making her work, I should work out too; it's only fair!
My plan is to put a blanket down for her in the basement, a few toys, but I get the feeling she'll be quite entertained by me. Then opposite her I'll do jumping Jacks; walk out plank and burpees. Do 1 of each, then 2, then 3, etc., probably about 5 minutes? After I'm warmed up I'll jump rope (plenty far away from her) or do mountain climbers or a succession of push ups. Maybe another go of the first round of exercises. Just changing it up until 15 minutes of tummy time is up. When she tires out I'll let her sit on me while I stretch. I'm sure I'll be even more exhausted than her.
do you have mommy and baby fitness classes in your area? I try to do those once a week and take Lo for walks daily after work. even if it's just 20-30 min or a walk at Target:) LOL
Awesome ginabiene...I'm setting up a group right now! It helps so much when you have other people to motivate you!
Varies on the day. At least three days a week I go on my lunch break. On Mondays I do a 5:45 am body pump class. Monday is the easiest day for me to get up that early and workout since I get caught up on sleep over the weekend. I also do a 8 pm Zumba class one day a week so SO puts the kids to bed while I go to the class. On the weekends I meet up with a friend to do long walks on the boardwalk and then let the kids play at the beach after the walks...win-win for everyone!
I do try to get up early one other morning to either go for a run or do a Barre class.
Not sure if you are bf or not, but here's what I do, and it's very mild because I don't have THAT much time, but I like to focus on my family. I get home at 5:15 and load LO into a baby carrier (can't remember the name, but you know - baby wearing or whatever), then let ODD get on her bike. We then walk around our neighborhood while she rides her bike for about an hour. Back at the house, I put LO down if she's sleeping (usually is), if not she goes into the jumper & watches me cook dinner. Sit down to dinner around 6:45, then, if ODD has any time after eating, she can play in her playroom. 7:30 we do baths, by 8pm they are in jammies & ODD gets 4 books, because she's 4, then she lays down to snuggle. Right now, since DH works nights, a lot of the time I let her sleep on the couch (don't judge!). LO is usually passed out by 9 or so & I'm free to do whatever I want. I'll be honest, I do Dance Central, but it's probably only twice/week. It should be more, but by 9, I'm exhausted. I'm usually up until Midnight or so, so if I do hard exercise it's around 9pm. If LO is still up, I just put her in the jumper & she dances with me. She loves the music!
Also, if weather is not permitting for our walk/bike ride, ODD loves to dance with me as well, so depending on LO's mood that day, we will do dance central inside together & she loves that!
I won't have time for a gym... probably ever. But I do what I can.
Ashley + Matt =
Aidyn - 5-21-08
RAINBOW Princess!! 2-9-12
I too am a runner. I thought it would be SO easy to throw my son in the stroller and go...but as we all k now, it's not. Until he is big enough to hold a bottle, pacy, snack and has good control of his head...the running stroller can't be a great babysitter just yet.
I first started when i got home from work, but that sucked because then I only had 30 minutes with him until bed time.
So I sucked it up and with the HUGE help of my husband I get it done before work. I can attribute most of it ofcourse to my son who sleeps through the night until about 6:30/7am.
I exclusively pump. So I get up by 4:45am...and am running by 5:15am. RIght now I am only up to 3 miles - so I'm in the shower by 5:45am - which is when my husband goes off to the gym/work. I leave work no later than 6:45/7am every morning.
It helps to lay each and every thing out the night before so it's one less thing to think about.
Collin - my 10lb Leap Year Day Baby - 2012
Caleb - 9.5lbs 07/05/2014
Learn more
Look how far your child has come.
Review your child's growth milestones.
Read about 4 years 3 months : Week 2.
Your growing child
Your 4 1/4-year-old: Learning to share
Your 4 1/4-year-old: Playing make-believe
Your 4 1/4-year-old: Too soon for sports?
Your 4 1/4-year-old: Male and female
Your 4 1/4-year-old: Understanding TV
Learn more
What's next for your growing child?
Get a glimpse of what's to come.
Read about 4 years 5 months.


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Carole J. Hagenow, of East Hartford, returned home to the arms of our Lord on Saturday, (June 15, 2013) at her home. Born in Chicago, she had been a resident of East Hartford for many years. Carole worked for the Metropolitan District Commission for 20 years before retiring in 2006. Throughout her life, Carole enjoyed knitting and crocheting Afghans, Christmas stockings, clowns, and other items for family and friends. She also liked gardening and bowling and actively supporting local food pantries. Most of all, Carole was a proud and devoted mother and grandmother to her children and granddaughter. She was predeceased by her mother, Geraldine Belva Hutson, and her son, Kenneth E. Kearby. Carole leaves behind her beloved sister, Janet Sue Hutson of Kansas City, MO; a daughter, Pamela S. Piascik of Lynn, MA; a son, Richard J. Hagenow, Jr., and a granddaughter Brianna K. Hagenow. Carole also leaves her "sisters in friendship" Deborah Cormier of Glastonbury, Marianne Riccio of Wethersfield, Barbara Meyers and her husband, Pastor Ray, of Oklahoma.
Funeral Services will be Thursday, June 20 at 11 am at D'ESOPO-East Hartford Memorial Chapel, 30 Carter St., East Hartford. Burial will follow at Silver Lane Cemetery, (Section CC), East Hartford. Relatives and friends may call at the funeral home chapel on Thursday morning from 10 -11 am. In lieu of flowers, memorial contributions in Carole's name may be made to the American Cancer Society, 825 Brook St., I-91 Tech Center, Rocky Hill, CT 0606. For on-line expressions of sympathy to the family please visit www.desopo.com.


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MONTGOMERY, Ala. (AP) -- An inmate has been discovered missing from the federal prison camp at Maxwell Air Force Base, the second escape from the facility in the past month.
Mildred Perryman, public information officer for the prison camp, says 40-year-old Jim Novak was not present at a count of inmates about 10 p.m. Tuesday.
Perryman says Novak was serving three years on a supervised release violation and was jailed originally on charges of conspiracy to distribute 500 grams or more of methamphetamine and possession of a firearm in a drug trafficking crime.. He had a projected release date of Nov. 29, 2013.
Authorities also continue to search for 37-year-old Haleodore Zepeta, who went missing on June 22. Zepeta was jailed on charges related to cocaine distribution.


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Rudy Reuttiger Accused of Stock Fraud
Daniel "Rudy" Reuttiger, who was portrayed by Sean Astin in the movie "Rudy," has been accused of stock fraud by the SEC in regards to his beverage company, Rudy Beverage. How does this connect to Dallas? Well, let me connect some dots for you. Back in the day, some 80 percent of Rudy Beverage Group […]Read More


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Justin Sharon
Wall Street ratings agencies set the tone for today's stock market.
A month that started with a sequester appropriately enough came down to a jury of eight men and four women on Wednesday. By the time the 12-person panel also known as the Federal Open Market Committee issued its verdict, stocks continued their upward ascent.
Adobe Systems
(ADBE) surged 4.20% to finish at a fresh 52-week peak even as
Apple Inc.
(AAPL) fell 0.53%. There is famously little love lost between the two tech titans, so what on Earth would Steve Jobs say about giving a job to a
man best known for doing a Lynch job on his firm
? It seems things are never what they seem.
Indeed Häagen-Dazs, which despite sounding so Scandinavian was in fact invented by two boys from Da Bronx, saw its parent company
General Mills
(GIS) jump 2.56% to an historic high. This as
(WSM), which doesn't actually have a single store in Sonoma County, surged 10.26% to end at an all-time best of its own. And with the
Russian mob on the march
Merrill Lynch
(BAC) made
Mafia Wars
(ZNGA) an
offer it couldn't refuse
. Shares promptly slid 3.80%.
We get a trifecta of economic data today at 10:00 a.m. Eastern, namely February existing home sales and leading indicators, plus the Philadelphia Fed index for March. On the corporate front,
ConAgra Foods
Foxconn International
Hennes & Mauritz
Hermès International
IHS Inc.
KB Home
Lululemon Athletica
Micron Technology
Nike Inc.
Perry Ellis International
Ross Stores
(ROST), and
(SCHL) are all due to reveal results.
Bruker Corporation
(BKRK): The scientific instrument outfit gets a Buy-from-Hold hoist Jefferies.
Electronic Arts
(EA): Shares, under substantial pressure of late, are lifted to Buy from Neutral at Longbow.
(AWAY): Morgan Stanley moves the stock to Overweight from Equal-Weight.
International Flavors & Fragrances
(IFF): IFF is increased to Buy from Hold at Argus.
Legg Mason
(LM): The money manager gets lifted to Outperform from Market Perform with Wells Fargo.
(PINK:NSRGY): Citigroup boosts the confectionery king to Buy from Neutral.
Subsea 7
(PINK:SUBCY): ABN Amro increases the oil industry semi-submersible outfit to Buy from Hold.
(WAG): The recently surging stock is now Outperform from Neutral at Macquarie.
Weatherford International
(WFT): The energy equity gets upgraded to Outperform from Market Perform at Raymond James.
Ali Baba and the Forty Thieves
would be proud. The stock, already up substantially since Marissa Mayer took over as CEO, is adding on another 1.61% ahead of the open after getting upgraded to Outperform from Perform at Oppenheimer. Alibaba, still 24% owned by Yahoo, is expected to complete a $77 billion Initial Public Offering in the next 12 months. Strong search revenues are another reason for optimism, in Oppenheimer's assessment, and its price objective increases to $27 from $22.
(See also:
New Stock Coverage: Not Buying Honeywell Would Be a Big Boo Boo
Stock Downgrades: Oracle Has a Profit Problem
No positions in stocks mentioned.
The information on this website solely reflects the analysis of or opinion about the performance of securities and financial markets by the writers whose articles appear on the site. The views expressed by the writers are not necessarily the views of Minyanville Media, Inc. or members of its management. Nothing contained on the website is intended to constitute a recommendation or advice addressed to an individual investor or category of investors to purchase, sell or hold any security, or to take any action with respect to the prospective movement of the securities markets or to solicit the purchase or sale of any security. Any investment decisions must be made by the reader either individually or in consultation with his or her investment professional. Minyanville writers and staff may trade or hold positions in securities that are discussed in articles appearing on the website. Writers of articles are required to disclose whether they have a position in any stock or fund discussed in an article, but are not permitted to disclose the size or direction of the position. Nothing on this website is intended to solicit business of any kind for a writer's business or fund. Minyanville management and staff as well as contributing writers will not respond to emails or other communications requesting investment advice.
Copyright 2011 Minyanville Media, Inc. All Rights Reserved.


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Controls and Settings
Real World Use
The camera comes with two batteries. For a reason. I've read others who have said they only got about 100 pictures taken before the first battery died. I don't think I've ever got that many, but then I tend to take only a few pictures at a time and move on so there is probably lots of energy spent in starting up and shutting down the camera. I have averaged in the high 80s per battery. Wow! But, like I said, the camera comes with 2 batteries and so you should always have the second one with you when you are out and about.
As mentioned earlier, the LCD screen if clear and visible in almost all shooting situations. Here are some "sunny time" shots.
As I noted in an earlier post, 100% crops at low ISO are amazing on the screen.
The pictures from foggy mornings, often shot at ISO 400, are also excellent.
Although not a macro lens, you can get close enough to most flowers for effective shots and the combination of sharpness and bokeh is pretty impressive at f2.8.
Due to its small size, the DP2 Merrill can be a camera you have with you most of the time.
|Why do my wife and daughter look like this on Sunday mornings?
|And I look like this?
In the Digital Darkroom
Although there is some noise visible before Photo Pro does its thing, even at ISO 400, automatically corrected files look very, very good, allowing nice indoor pictures by window light at f2.8.
By ISO 800 there is not only noise but some funky color spots, though Photo Pro 5 does a decent job of taming the problems.
|Note the weird colors in my daughter's hair and on her neck here.
Of course, it's better in black and white!
Yes, there are more steps than most of us spoiled digital photogs are used to taking, but before you start whining and bellyaching you should know that a good number of primarily film shooters read this site and this whole routine is still much shorter and less time consuming than theirs. So try to not embarrass yourself. You either find the results worth the extra work or you don't.
There is a huge amount of clear detail in files from this camera and they make incredible "straight" pictures as well as stand up well to extensive torture, um, I mean manipulation.
Finally, if you want to see my previous posts about this camera, they are here.


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- All
- Atonement
- God
- Heaven and Hell
- The Holy Spirit
- Jesus Christ
- Last Things
- Man and Sin
- Sacraments
- Salvation
- Systematic Theology
- Apologetics
- Christianity and Culture
- Ethics
- Philosophy
- Bible Interpretation
- Bibles
- Controversies in the Church
- Marriage and Family
- Practical Theology
- Spiritual Growth
- Sanctification and Growth
Both Peter and Paul call us to submit to governing authorities. In light of that, is revolution ever possible for a Christian, and if so, under what circumstances?
It certainly is clear that the New Testament puts an emphasis on the Christian's responsibility to be a model of civil obedience. In Romans 13, Paul tells us that the powers that be are ordained by God. That doesn't mean …Read More
What is your opinion of abortion, and are there any Scriptures that would back it up?
We are all aware of hellfire-and-damnation preachers who rave and scream about the decadence of the world. It can become tiresome to listen to all of that. I think we all respect people who can disagree with others in a …Read More
As a minister, would you marry a believer and a nonbeliever?
The basis for your question obviously is the biblical text that says we ought not to be yoked unequally with unbelievers. The assumption, of course, is that this text has direct reference to marriage. The Bible doesn't explicitly say that. …Read More
Why does God let random shootings, fatal accidents, and other horrible things occur?
Since we believe that God is the author of this planet and is sovereign over it, it's inevitable that we ask where he is when these terrible things take place. I think the Bible answers that over and over again …Read More
How are we to keep the Sabbath in today's society?
Within the Christian church there are three leading options for answering your question. Some Christians believe that the Sabbath was an Old Testament ordinance and has no application to the New Testament church. No less a giant than Saint Augustine …Read More
What did Jesus mean when he said we would do greater work than he did?
First of all, he said that to his disciples and only to us indirectly, if at all. He is speaking to the first-century church, and he makes the statement that the works they do will be greater than the works …Read More
How should we be in the world but not of it? What does "not of it" mean?
The New Testament tells us that we are not to be conformed to this world but that we are to be transformed by the renewing of our mind (Rom. 12:2). Let's look at those two words that are crucial to …Read More
What is a Christian's responsibility to government?
The New Testament gives us some broad principles on how we are supposed to respond to government. For example, Romans 13 elaborates on the origin and institution of government as something that God ordains. The great theologian Augustine said that …Read More
Do we stand before God in judgment upon death or later?
We have to make a distinction, as I think the Bible does, between the judgment that we receive immediately upon our death, at which we are brought before Christ, and what the Bible speaks of as the last judgment. There's …Read More
What is the doctrine of eternal security?
When we speak of the doctrine of eternal security, we're using a popular description of a classical doctrine that we call the perseverance of the saints. What it means is that once a person has become quickened by the Holy …Read More
What are the characteristics of the Christian God that differentiate him from other gods?
Perhaps the most unique characteristic of the Christian God is that he exists. The other ones don't. Of course, that is a matter of profound debate, as we all know. I would say the chief and most critical differences have …Read More
Please define a miracle and state whether or not you think God still performs them today.
There is a tremendous difference between the popular definition of a miracle in our culture and the narrow technical definition of a miracle that theologians work with in their science. We can often have serious communication problems when people ask …Read More
Are there any biblical grounds for divorce, and if so, what are they?
A lot of the debate over divorce has to do with the way we interpret and handle Jesus' teaching on the subject. In Matthew's Gospel, for example, the Pharisees come to Jesus for a decision and they are trying to …Read More
What does it mean for us to call God our Father?
One of the most well-known statements of the Christian faith is the Lord's Prayer, which begins with the words "Our Father which art in heaven." This is part of the universal treasury of Christendom. When I hear Christians in a …Read More
How can we as Christians ascertain when God's Word was applicable only to a certain culture and therefore may not be applicable to us today?
The real question here is, Is everything that is set forth in Scripture to be applied to all people of all time and of all cultures? I don't know any biblical scholar who would argue that everything set forth in …Read More


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Is CAPM a Good Method to Calculate Cost of Equity?
Original post by Cynthia Hartman of Demand Media
The capital asset pricing model (CAPM) formula says an investor's required return equals the risk-free rate, plus a premium for additional risk. Investors and analysts use this formula to calculate the cost of equity, or the required return they need to make investments in a portfolio, individual stock or other assets that grow in value over time. Other methods are used for this same purpose, although each has its own benefits and shortcomings.
CAPM Defined
CAPM provides a formulaic method to model the cost of equity, or risk-return relationship of an investment. It helps users calculate the cost of equity for risky individual securities or portfolios. Investors need compensation for risk and time value when investing money. The first part of the CAPM formula uses the risk-free rate to represent investors' compensation for time value. The rest of the CAPM formula calculates the additional return the investor needs to take on certain levels of risk. CAPM combines beta, or average returns on specific assets as compared to the market, with the premium investors expect for carrying risky investments.
Systematic Risk
The CAPM formula has remained in wide use for over 40 years because it has several advantages over other methods used to calculate a required return. One of the most important reasons is that CAPM considers only systematic risk. This reflects the reality that diversified portfolios have essentially eliminated all unsystematic risk stemming from individual asset investment characteristics. Systematic risk is risk that can't be diversified away -- it is inherent to the entire market or a market segment.
Empirical Testing
CAPM's demonstrated relationship between systematic risk and required return has been able to withstand frequent testing and empirical research. Because CAPM considers a company's systematic risk compared to the risk of the overall market, it improves upon other methods for estimating returns, such as the dividend growth model. The dividend growth model is not useful for companies that do not pay dividends. The dividend growth formula also assumes dividends grow at a stable rate forever, and does not directly consider risk.
CAPM has some issues because of the quality of the formula assumptions. The risk-free rate, or yield on short-term government debt, changes daily. An average rate should be used to smooth results. Risk premium values also present a challenge. The stock market return, or the sum of the average capital gain and average dividend yield, may be negative in the short-term. Analysts mostly use long-term risk premium averages from research publications, but the risk premium has been found to be unstable over time. Uncertainty regarding the risk premium leads to uncertainty regarding CAPM's results. Beta information is published for public companies, allowing analysts to factor it into the CAPM formula. However, beta also changes over time, introducing more uncertainty.
- "Student Accountant"; CAPM: Theory, Advantages and Disadvantages; Tony Head; June/July 2008
- Stanford University; Revisitng the Capital Asset Pricing Model; Jonathan Burton; May/June 1998
- Teach Me Finance: CAPM
- New York University; Damodaran on Valuation; Aswath Damodaran
About the Author
Cynthia Hartman started writing in 2007 and has written for several different websites. She brings more than 20 years of experience in finance and business ownership. Hartman holds a Bachelor of Science in finance and business economics from the University of Southern California.
Photo Credits
- Thinkstock/Comstock/Getty Images