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- Date submitted: 1 Nov 2011
- Stakeholder type: United Nations & Other IGOs
- Name: World Bank
- Submission Document: Download
The Road to Rio+20 and beyond World Bank Group
Twenty Years on from the Earth Summit
1. Twenty years ago, the Rio Earth Summit provided the staging ground for a global conversation that continues to this day ? a conversation about the long-term survival of the planet and the quality of life of those who live on it. Prompted then by environmental challenges like deforestation and increasing threats from climate change as well as rising social and economic inequality, the Summit provided the needed political impetus for an agenda for global action.
2. Rio 1992 called for action at global, national and local levels that would deliver on the Brundtland Commission?s recommendations of 1987 for ?development that meets the needs of the present without compromising the ability of future generations to meet their own needs." The Summit resulted in Agenda 21, which called for action and required countries to draw up national strategies for sustainable development ? development which would meet social, economic and environmental objectives. It also led to the adoption of the Convention on Biological Diversity, the Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC), Principles of Forest Management, and the establishment of a funding mechanism (the Global Environment Facility). It also pushed discussion on the Convention to Combat Desertification, which was signed two years after Rio.
3. Twenty years on from Rio 92, the world is a different place. Growth and social policies have resulted in a decrease in the share of people living in poverty from some 42 percent of the developing world in 1990 to an expected 15 percent by 2015. Substantial progress has been made on literacy, gender inclusion, health, and life expectancy. Yet an increasing population that is more prosperous has expanded global consumption. This has led to two interlinked challenges for sustaining progress: meeting the demands for improved lives for a larger, more prosperous and more urban global population, and addressing environmental pressures and governance challenges that could undermine the world's ability to meet these demands.
4. Climate change limits the solutions available but is focusing minds. Rising greenhouse gas emissions from fossil fuel use and land use change now threaten to increase the warming of the planet by more than 2�C. Climate change adds layers of cost and complexity to the development agenda ? hitting poor people disproportionately. The accompanying changes in sea level, rainfall patterns, glacial retreat and increased frequency and intensity of extreme weather events threaten to erode development gains of the past 20 years. In Rio 1992, climate change was the future ? today it is the present, and while there is some action, public policy and collective action lag behind science.
5. Global efforts have not been enough to ensure either a world free of poverty or a world that is economically, socially or environmentally sustainable. The world has become increasingly complex, unequal and hazardous. Some 900 million people could still be in poverty by 2015. Growing floods, droughts, fires and hurricanes interact with financial, food, and fuel crises, placing the most severe burden on those least able to adapt, and risking increases in poverty. Unequal patterns of consumption and control over resources among and within countries at all income levels contribute to divergent trajectories of opportunity and human well-being. Political disenfranchisement, lack of good governance, and conflict stymie efforts to find solutions.
Renewed Political Commitment
1. In this context, the need for renewed global commitment to meeting sustainable development challenges is stronger than ever. As the world grapples with the continuing impacts of a global economic crisis, countries are increasingly challenged to find inclusive and greener growth paths that provide jobs and sustainably manage their natural resources, ensuring people have access to clean air, land and water. Twenty years since these issues dominated discussions at the first Rio conference and notwithstanding successes in some areas, we still do not have local, national and global systems in place to bring economic, social and environmental considerations into balance.
2. The World Bank Group is looking to Rio+20 to reiterate the political commitments made 20 years ago in today?s context and to set new benchmarks for action. The world needs a clear global roadmap that sets a path toward sustainability -- a way forward that does not put the burden of sustainable development on the poor and socially excluded. The Bank Group regards Rio+20 as an important opportunity to agree on such a roadmap and commits itself to helping countries to meet their continuing development challenges.
3. The World Bank Group therefore supports the UNSG?s High-Level Panel on Global Sustainability goal: ?To eradicate poverty and reduce inequality, make growth inclusive and production and consumption more sustainable while combating climate change and respecting the range of other planetary boundaries.? We also emphasize the importance of continuing to strive toward meeting the Millennium Development Goals.
4. In addition, the World Bank Group also supports the principles for global sustainability as outlined in the Common Statement by the UN System Chief Executives Board on the Outcome of the United Nations Conference on Sustainable Development.
A Framework for Action
10. Rio 1992 was about setting an agenda for action. We hope Rio+20 will be about realizing that agenda by shifting economic incentives and systems and rallying political will. As part of the design of a global roadmap for sustainable development, the World Bank Group suggests Rio+20 strives for agreement on:
? The adoption by countries of development strategies that are consistent with the concepts of green and more inclusive growth while maintaining a strong poverty reduction focus
? A global methodology and process for incorporating natural capital and ecosystems services into countries? national accounts by 2030
? A discreet set of sustainable development goals by 2030 complementing the MDGs e.g. for energy, sanitation, water, land, and oceans, and reinforcing them for biodiversity.
11. We support the three global energy goals outlined in the Action Agenda of the UN High-Level Group on Energy and the United Nations ?Sustainable Energy for All? year 2012:
? Universal access to modern energy services
? Doubling the rate of improvement in energy efficiency, and
? Doubling the share of renewable energy - all by 2030.
12. We are ready to support efforts to develop more sustainable development goals.
Toward a Green and Inclusive Growth Path
1. We will maintain our focus on growth given its centrality to poverty reduction, but growth needs to be green and inclusive. The world needs a form of growth that is socially and environmentally sustainable that takes resource limits and climate change into account. GDP growth in developing countries will still be necessary to enhance living standards, reduce poverty, and cope with growing populations. But we know that growth per se is not enough. During the recent global economic downturn, some countries continued to see growth at levels of 7 percent a year or more, yet millions of people fell below the poverty line.
2. Green and inclusive growth is climate-resilient, water-smart, land-saving, energy-efficient and reliant on diverse energy sources. It also generates decent jobs and improves livelihoods across a diverse set of productive and service sectors. It is underpinned by properly valued natural capital, the value of which is fully integrated into countries? systems of national accounts. Green and inclusive growth paths factor environmental considerations into government policies and business decisions, placing sustainable natural resource management ? with its benefits flowing to people ? at the heart of future development and growth. The improved health of people that stems from cleaner air, land and water benefits from and feeds back into this new growth path. Gender equality when recognized as ?smart economics? enhances productivity and further improves development outcomes.
Enabling the Transition
15. Green and inclusive growth policies need to be fully integrated into countries? overall development strategies and assessed in terms of their contribution to development and well being. Measuring growth with the right tools, promoting sound public expenditure management and fiscal policies, and getting prices aligned with the true value of environmental services are key parts of the transition. The private sector will need to consider how to report on business growth differently, especially in terms of social and environmental value created.
16. These considerations mean that climate and other environmental concerns are no longer the exclusive concern of environment ministries but of government as a whole, especially ministries of finance, economy and development. In addition, Rio 1992 made it clear that these issues are not the exclusive concerns of government. Now, more than ever, the effort to shift growth paths requires the engagement and participation of all parts of society.
17. Measuring green growth also requires new tools. GDP indicates whether an economy is growing, but gives no information on whether the growth is sustainable. That is why putting in place comprehensive wealth accounts that focus on the value of natural capital and ecosystem services, and integrating them into development planning is an important part of mainstreaming green growth.
18. Sound public expenditure management and institutions are critical to ensuring that public spending for sustainable goals is wisely allocated, managed and transparently tracked. Engaging citizens to set priorities and oversee public spending is also essential for transparency, accountability and effectiveness. In developing countries, the role of public policy will also be to remove distortions, barriers and weaknesses impeding private innovation. These efforts can include improving the quality of and access to communications networks, reducing domestic barriers to firm entry and exit, improving access to finance, opening up trade and investment regimes, while at the same time assuring sound environmental and social performance of production and innovation, and strengthening skills and capacity development.
19. The role of fiscal policy is central in allocating public resources to activities with high social and development returns, consistent with green growth principles. Market-based fiscal instruments ? like taxes, targeted subsidies, renewable energy feed�in-tariffs, energy efficiency certificates, and emission trading schemes - are critical to ensuring the right incentives for shifting consumption, production, investment and innovation to efficient, clean, least-cost options. Targeted fiscal policies can help create the conditions for the poor to contribute to green and inclusive growth, while reducing unintended costs in terms of public health, social tensions and violence.
20. The role of the private sector in driving the green, inclusive growth agenda needs to be emphasized. Sound public policies and investments are central but are not enough. The private sector is the engine of innovative solutions and the main channel through which the benefits of growth are shared through incomes for rural and urban populations. Green and inclusive growth requires the private sector to operate in ways that decreases its environmental footprint and assures healthy and fair conditions for its workforce. The private sector is a repository of organizational and management expertise that can increase the effectiveness of service delivery, develop new business models and help finance the research and development necessary to transform growth paths.
21. As companies develop more inclusive business models, they will be able to provide goods, services, and livelihood opportunities to underserved populations, creating high development impact in financially sustainable and scalable ways. Growth in businesses that engage with people living at the base of the economic pyramid has so far been driven by talented and resilient business entrepreneurs as well as by value-conscious consumers. Taking successful models to scale will require improvements in many countries? investment climates as well as innovative, long-term investment decisions by the private sector.
22. Establishing innovative financing mechanisms will be vital as sectoral transitions will require significant investments, both public and private. In Rio 1992, the focus was on how to raise new and additional resources, and transactions were assumed to be from developed to developing countries. Now there is a broader choice of private and public finance available which can be mobilized domestically, internationally, and through instruments like the Climate Investment Funds. Targeted international and national public finance, including climate finance, can serve as a catalyst to leverage private sector investment, enhance development policy and lead to transformational change. Developed countries, meanwhile, need to honor their global commitments ? such as those agreed at Monterrey (on official development assistance) and Cancun (on climate finance).
23. For middle-income countries, domestic financing options such as green taxes and Payments for Environmental Services are becoming viable options for leveraging financing for environmental investments. In the interim, concessional financing will still be necessary to promote sustainable energy and environmental efforts. Less developed countries will rely more on international transfers and private capital flows to meet their needs to finance the transformation. Private investors will need stable investment climates and different incentive structures, promoting accountability through transparency, and deploying inclusive business models in sourcing and distribution. Financial markets have a key role to play in mobilizing financing that is long-term and suitable to finance the transformation. Special attention needs to be paid to how such innovative mechanisms are structured to ensure that the poor and vulnerable are not further marginalized but are empowered to contribute actively to realizing the goals of sustainable development. Social protection policies can complement such mechanisms so as to ensure that the livelihoods of vulnerable groups are resilient in the face of episodic shocks and chronic stresses.
24. More rapid green growth is inconceivable without technological innovation. Frontier innovations shift out production possibilities, allowing the production of more
environmentally-friendly outputs with fewer inputs. For developing countries, innovation includes frontier or ?new-to-the world? innovations and adaptation to local conditions, and dissemination of existing technologies.
25. Advancing the green growth agenda requires a systematic consideration of equity, social inclusion, gender, equality and indigenous people?s rights.
Environmental degradation is often highly skewed, disproportionately affecting the poor and disadvantaged, where women, children and the elderly are often the worst affected. Carefully designed social protection programs can help alleviate these shocks on the most vulnerable in society. There is growing evidence of the positive links between human development outcomes and more evenly distributed gains from economic growth, higher levels of civic engagement, and the empowerment of women in governance at all levels. The equity agenda goes beyond the use of fiscal and social protection policies as mere compensation for losses incurred by growth elsewhere. Rather, it is a question of harnessing and realizing the economic potential of poor and excluded groups, and ensuring that they have voice and are empowered to contribute to sustainable development.
Ensuring the Transformation
26. Combined with an integrated development strategy, the green growth transformation requires targeted action at various levels ? globally and locally. Priority action is needed in the following areas that are listed as key topics for Rio+20 by the UNCSD (Rio+20) Secretariat:
27. Infrastructure and Energy: Infrastructure plays a key role in responding to regional and global issues like rapid urbanization, energy sector and sanitation challenges, and climate change. The next five to 10 years present a major opportunity as huge investments in infrastructure will be made across the developing world. For at least the next 25 years, cities will grow by some 250,000 additional people every day ? 2 billion more urban residents by 2035. Green growth discourages investment decisions that entrench countries, cities, and communities in environmentally damaging, carbon-intensive systems. There are tremendous win-win opportunities for improving energy efficiency, reducing greenhouse gas emissions, improving air and water quality, tackling urban poverty as well as reducing vulnerability to climate change at the city-level.
28. The three sustainable energy goals put forward by the UN on universal access to modern energy, doubling renewable energy use and improving energy efficiency by 2030 are ambitious but achievable. They are vital for improving the lives of the 1.4 billion people without access to electricity and the 2.5 billion people now using polluting, traditional cooking stoves.
29. Private investments in renewable energy, in particular in solar and wind, have grown tremendously over the past five years, and as the cost of production drops, removing implicit subsidies for fossil fuels will help further transform the global energy balance. There is a need for energy transition, and hydropower represents an important clean energy source which will become a larger share of the world?s energy production as lower income countries develop their capacity. Regional power projects and transmission infrastructure will be needed to make best use of available natural resources, including renewable energy resources.
30. Developed and developing countries need to embark on low emission development (LED) paths to sustain growth. An approach that minimizes energy consumption and pollution from transport can be achieved through the adoption of carbon savings technology and sustainable planning of accessible transport services and infrastructure. Strategies for achieving these goals must be gender-sensitive if they are to be effective and benefit those who are most adversely impacted. LED is a critical ingredient to protecting growing urban populations from fine particle inhalation, which often results in increased mortality and morbidity through respiratory and cardiovascular diseases. Reaching WHO-set air quality standards is critical to improving basic environmental health conditions.
31. Measurable targets could include reduction in urban poverty, reduction of greenhouse gas emissions, improved air and water quality, increased energy efficiency in buildings and appliances, reduced energy losses in generation and distribution, and share of trips taken by low carbon modes of transportation. Strong enforcement to reach nationally and particularly internationally-set air and water quality standards is needed.
32. Water and food and energy nexus: A world free of poverty is not consistent with 800 million people without access to safe drinking water, 1.6 billion without access to electricity, and one billion suffering from hunger. Water resources must be allocated between agriculture, energy, urban consumption, mining, and increasingly threatened ecosystems. Population and economic growth are expected to increase demand for food, energy and water further, making the efficient allocation of water absolutely critical.
33. Currently, 70% of the world?s withdrawn freshwater resources are being used for agriculture. By 2030, it is estimated that 30-45 percent more water will be required to meet increasing food demands. Already, 50 percent of food globally comes from irrigated areas, and of this irrigation water, 50 percent comes from aquifers which are being depleted at a rapid pace in many countries. And with more than 50 percent of the world?s population now in cities, urban centers will increasingly compete with farms for water.
34. Another 15% of the world?s withdrawn water resources are being used for industry, mostly for energy production. Hydroelectricity and many solar energy systems
? two key alternative sources of clean energy ? require water. Stable and ample energy supply is important for water provision and food production. Maintaining biodiversity and ecosystem services also requires an overall decrease in groundwater withdrawal, and these ecosystem services are critical for groundwater supply. To turn these linkages from a vicious cycle into a virtuous cycle, water management must become much more efficient.
35. In addition to the lack of safe drinking water, there are 2.4 billion people living without basic sanitation. To meet the challenges of providing water and basic sanitation
to the bottom billion, regressive subsidies need to be removed; sustainable solutions that work need to be scaled up; innovative results-based financing instruments that reward efficiencies need to be promoted; incentives to reduce water use need to be supported; institutional frameworks and water utilities need to be strengthened; and capacity building for service providers in long-term planning needs to be promoted.
36. Oceans: Healthy and biologically diverse oceans are essential for humans, providing food, jobs, recreation, and pharmaceutical resources. Oceans are also the planet?s main carbon sink by capturing and storing a large part of greenhouse gas emissions. Today, oceans are absorbing more CO2, which is changing the pH and oceans are becoming more acidic. Climate change is also leading to ocean warming since oceans moderate our climate. Human pollution ? approximately 6 million tons of solid waste plus industrial, agricultural and human waste runoff ? is also affecting the health of the oceans.
37. Warming, acidification, and pollution are also affecting coral reefs and mangroves. In turn, this ?natural infrastructure? provides critical ecosystem services at a time when fish resources are already direly affected by over-exploitation. The world?s oceans and shared seas provide 20 percent of the animal protein and 5 percent of the total protein in the human diet. They also provide food and livelihoods for 8 percent of the world?s population. Bold action to improve governance of marine resources is needed to reverse the loss of habitats, restore fish stocks, and manage coastal environment so that it provides socio-economic benefits for communities and maintains countries? natural resource wealth. Catalytic funding is needed to: move towards rights-based fisheries management, increase marine protected areas, harmonize certification of wild and cultured fish, improve coastal zone management and reduce marine pollution. Currently, only 1 percent of oceans are under some form of protection. For shared seas, in particular, environmental management across all riparian countries is critical.
38. Biodiversity: The planet is in the throes of a sixth great extinction that is liquidating the goods and services on which pro-poor growth and sustainable development depend. IUCN has listed 208 species as ?possibly extinct?, and a further 17,300 species are considered under threat. We must deliver on the Aichi Targets established at the CBD COP10 in Nagoya, Japan. This includes targets for mainstreaming biodiversity considerations across government and society; reducing the direct pressures on biodiversity; safeguarding ecosystems, species and genetic diversity; and enhancing the benefits from biodiversity and ecosystem services. To do this, countries need to mainstream biodiversity considerations into planning processes and production sectors, set public policy to ensure that the private sector deploys sourcing, production and distribution practices that leverage biodiversity as an asset, strengthen civil society to become an effective partner in protecting biodiversity, and meet targets for safeguarding at least 17 per cent of terrestrial and inland water, and 10 per cent of coastal and marine areas by 2020.
39. Social development: The early years of the 21st century have brought home just how complex, interconnected, hazardous, uneven and uncertain patterns of global
development have become. It is increasingly recognized that socially inclusive and resilient as well as environmentally sustainable patterns of growth require attention to good governance, voice and representation for those who are marginalized from the economic and political mainstream. Twenty years ago in Rio, consideration of women was just an add-on. Now, gender equality is part of smart economics as it enhances productivity and improves development outcomes. We expect that gender will be far more prominent in the debate around Rio+20.
1. Rio 1992 compelled the world to face up to the environmental, social and economic crises of its own making. It put the idea of sustainable development on the table and, to a certain degree, brought about a global shift in thinking ? away from ?progress at all costs? toward ?inclusive growth.? It backed up the talk with an agenda for action that, in many ways, defined international efforts for a generation.
2. Rio+20 presents the world with an opportunity to shift the thinking again ? this time through a transformation to green and inclusive growth that will be supported by a new kind of GDP ? one which acknowledges that growth which depletes natural and social capital is not sustainable. Agreeing on a set of sustainable development goals for 2030 that build on the MDGs will help ensure global efforts are focused.
3. In Rio 1992, government participation was made up largely of environment ministries. At Rio+20 we expect to see much broader participation from ministries of finance, development, and planning. In 1992, women and children were added on to documents under pressure from civil society. Today, gender inclusion is regarded as smart economics. Rio 1992 focused on mobilizing additional financing. Now it is clear that without broader and more innovative financing mechanisms, we will not see results. There is also a realization that transferring knowledge from north to south is not enough. Now knowledge must also flow from south to south and south to north.
4. The World Bank Group itself has come a long way since 1992 ? our thinking and actions have shifted enormously towards a focus on sustainable development. We see Rio+20 as a vital agenda-setting moment in history and we embrace the opportunity to put our skills, experience and thinking behind the next phase of global transformation.
Annex: World Bank Group Actions to Support Green Growth
1. The World Bank Group?s comparative advantage is that it can help developing countries try innovative ways to sustainably grow their economies in sustainable ways by leveraging knowledge, fostering innovation, sharing of good practices and lessons learned across the world and building capacity to implement them. We also provide innovative financing instruments and partnerships with public and private sector to fund action along with advice on metrics to measure progress.
2. Our contribution to the Rio +20 agenda is guided by a number of sustainable development sector strategies which include: agricultural and rural development, energy, infrastructure, information and communication technologies, water, oil and gas, transport, urban, social development, manufacturing, mining, and environment. At the program level, our support to meeting the Rio+20 agenda includes:
The Green Growth Knowledge Platform will facilitate continued work on identifying and remediating knowledge gaps and implementing green growth policies in developing countries. The knowledge platform is also a mechanism to develop partnerships and join ?conversations? with an emerging community of practice involving scholars, policymakers, practitioners, and other concerned individuals and institutions in developed and developing countries. The platform will provide online tools for collaboration and discussion on green growth issues. The Bank?s main partners in this are UNEP, OECD, and the Global Green Growth Institute. We will present a flagship report on green growth providing detailed recommendations for ?how.?
Green issues will play a growing role in the World Bank?s ongoing dialogue with finance and economic ministries on fiscal policy, macroeconomic stability, growth, competitiveness, poverty reduction and equity issues. Careful analysis of the growth and distributional impact of environmental pricing policies is needed. The Bank Group will continue to support countries to assess such effects and to design and implement transfers or other social protection programs to help address them. We will also continue working with developing countries to strengthen budget and public expenditure management systems, while paying careful consideration to public oversight and social accountability mechanisms, including systems to evaluate and allocate environmental spending relative to other fiscal priorities and to better ensure that allocated spending is accountably and efficiently used.
Through the WAVES global partnership, launched at the Nagoya CBD COP in 2010, the Bank Group will expand the number of countries undertaking environmental accounting. Already, WAVES is undertaking pilot programs in six developing countries while partnering with developed countries leading the way in the area. WAVES will build knowledge and experience and gradually, broaden the number of countries participating. A key goal of the Bank Group?s work in this area is to demonstrate how countries can use environmental accounts to improve decisions about more sustainably managing natural capital.
Our Low Carbon Development studies - undertaken between 2008-10 in seven client countries have been scaled up into Development Policy Operations and Clean Technology Fund Investment Plans, among other options. Numerous Low-Emission Development studies (LEDs) have also been undertaken. The creation of a decentralized knowledge platform for low emission development that can provide upstream advice and support to developing countries is being considered with external partners. This includes paying careful attention to the distributional, poverty and social impacts of policies designed to bring about low-emission development, with systematic use of Poverty and Social Impact Analysis (PSIA) to help better inform policy choices
We will continue to support developing countries with their Nationally Appropriate Mitigation Action plans (NAMAs), enhancing access to the carbon market including through the newly established Partnership for Market Readiness, capacity building activities, and the establishment of innovative financing schemes for LED.
The elements of reducing an institution?s footprint (also known as CSR) are fundamental ingredients of a green economy. The World Bank Group will continue to support projects and programs in its client countries to improve environmental and social performance in public and private sector operations. Internally, the World Bank will continue to be ?walking the talk? by continuing to measure and reduce the environmental impact of its own corporate operations to set an example to other public and private agencies.
Our support for the common goals on access, energy efficiency (EE) and renewable energy (RE) has come in the form of financing and technical assistance. Our work in these areas has contributed to increased access to electricity through grid-based and off-grid electrification. Bank Group support has also helped develop enabling policy reforms, institutional frameworks, and innovative financing for EE and RE projects. IFC has invested, in FY10 alone, $1.7 billion in energy efficiency and renewable energy projects, aiming to increase the relative share of financing into this segment to about 20% of its commitments by 2013. Importantly, IFC financed and advised on, through partnerships with over 60 Financial Institutions around the world, a large and growing portfolio of energy and resource efficiency investments by Small and Medium Enterprises, a sub-set of the private sector which to reach is critical for green growth to take off.
The WBG has also built a strong alliance of partners to further these goals. For instance, the Global Alliance on Clean Cookstoves will help distribute nearly 100 million advanced cookstoves, through gender-sensitive strategies, thereby reducing indoor air pollution and increasing safety for the users of these stoves and other household members. Through the Lighting Africa project, WBG in collaboration with the private sector is promoting the market-based provision of safe, affordable lighting based on solar systems to nearly 2.5 million people in sub-Saharan Africa.
The goal of universal access to modern energy will benefit from harnessing the power of the private sector. For instance, removing barriers to private sector entry, especially in rural areas far from electricity grid access, will substantially accelerate access to modern renewable energy sources. In countries with some of the lowest rates of access to electricity, the private sector has found new ways of providing rural populations with clean options: biomass-fueled generators using agricultural by-products such as rice husks, sisal or copra are leading to village-sized mini-grids, and photovoltaic-based solar home systems and energy efficient lamps are distributed by private providers at prices affordable to low-income users.
The Bank Group plans to increase its investment in preparatory analysis in the area of sustainable hydropower to ensure benefit sharing and adequate social and environmental protections and will also conduct analysis on how best to manage water releases to ensure downstream flow regimes can be managed as sustainably as possible. This analytical work will aim to help clients to adapt their policies and approaches in hydropower to reach their energy goals.
The Bank Group is helping to conserve conventional energy resources through a public-private partnership, Global Gas Flaring Reduction. Converting flared natural gas to productive uses will reduce both greenhouse gas emissions and energy poverty
We are committed to addressing the linkages between poverty and social exclusion, environmental quality and human health with efficient transport services. In line with its 2008-2012 business strategy for ?Safe, Clean and Affordable Transport?, the Bank?s transport sector seeks to establish the governance, strategies, policies and services that will deliver safe transport for development in a way that is economically, financially, environmentally and socially sustainable. The strategy focuses on reducing GHG emissions which has shifted our lending portfolio accordingly.
CSA is a core part of the broader green development agenda for agriculture, which is about meeting the needs of people for food, fuel, timber and fiber and contributing to economic development and poverty reduction and food security while maintaining and enhancing the productivity and resilience of natural ecosystem functions.
The IFC has launched the private sector component of the WBG Global Agriculture and Food Security Program to assist in the implementation of pledges made by the G-8 and G-20 to strengthen food security in low-income countries. The program will channel donor funding to support private initiatives developed by client countries to improve governance, productivity, and competitiveness of their agribusiness sectors. Good practice guidelines include safeguards concerning the land rights and natural resource claims of local land users. IFC will provide long- and short-term loans, credit guarantees, and equity to local companies and financial intermediaries. As part of the integrated WBG approach to food security, IFC is providing investment and advisory services to the agribusiness sector across the agricultural supply chain to enhance productivity, help mitigate price and weather-related shocks, and support small and medium agribusiness enterprises, particularly in the poorest countries.
The Bank Group will continue to help client countries tackle water issues through a growing portfolio of investment and knowledge that supports improved Integrated water resources management, improved irrigation/agricultural water management, and improved access to water supply and sanitation. Water is at the core of many countries? climate adaptation strategies and improved water resources management in the agricultural sector and across sectors, more productive irrigation, and better knowledge about how climate change will affect water variability (eg through more frequent droughts/floods; glacier melt) is fundamental to meet increasing global food demands in a changing climate. Public funding for water is limited but there is growing private sector interest in industrial water-demand management and efficiency, as well as improved wastewater management. Public-private partnerships are helping balance competing demands for access to water and ensure sustainability. The Water Resources Group Entity, a neutral platform where public, private-multilateral, and nongovernmental-organization actors can collaborate on transforming the water sector was formally launched in October, 2011. The entity, which is to be housed at IFC, is the result of a partnership between the World Economic Forum and the Water Resources Group to provide expertise to governments wishing to transform their water sectors.
The Bank Group has developed a considerable body of knowledge and experience on climate adaptation through its projects and the Pilot Program for Climate Resilience under the Climate Investment Funds as well as through knowledge products like the Economics of Adaptation to Climate Change. Our experience in developing and implementing innovative climate-related disaster risk financing and insurance tools helps countries reduce, pool, and share climate-related disaster risks, particularly through risk financing and transfer mechanisms. Increasing attention is being paid in this context to how the design of such instruments, and their coherence with complementary social protection and other policies, can help build resilience in the livelihoods of the poor and vulnerable in particular.
We have a significant work program underway on sustainable cities, with a specific thematic emphasis on climate change. In particular, a knowledge paper on ?Towards a Partnership on Sustainable Cities? is being developed, that outlines the framework and elements for sustainable cities, and identifies priorities for action by various sectors and actors. Other recent progress includes: collaboration with the group of 40 cities known as C40; an international standard for measuring city GHG emissions that has been agreed with C40, ICLEI, OECD, UNEP, and UN-Habitat; an Urban Risk Assessment framework; the Mayors? Task Force on climate change, disaster risk and the urban poor; and a guide to adaptation in cities. Implementation of the Eco2 cities program in several pilot cities is underway. A new global initiative on municipal solid waste is also under development. Analytical work is underway that articulates a common definition and standardized measures/tools for sustainable cities, building on initiatives like the Global City Indicators Program. The Bank Group will continue its support to clients in sustainable urban growth and transport, water and sanitation, wastewater management, and climate resilience projects.
We are exploring options for an Ocean Initiative (OI) with the world?s premier ocean-focused organizations, combining cutting edge knowledge with finance for workable solutions to meet country demands for improved marine resource management. Our clients are seeking catalytic funding to move towards rights-based fisheries management, increasing marine protected areas, improving coastal zone management and reducing marine pollution. In line with our open data and transparency agendas, the OI would support knowledge sharing and connecting practitioners.
The Bank Group has accumulated considerable experience in supporting a variety of biodiversity programs around the globe ? from saving species to protecting key biodiversity areas as well as supporting civil society to advocate for biodiversity. Our investments and operations demonstrate that biodiversity is a key element of the solution to many global challenges, from food insecurity to climate change mitigation to fuel crises and water stress. Biodiversity conservation and ecosystem-based approaches ? employing a range of different institutional arrangements such as protected areas and payment for environmental services schemes, can spur and sustain clean, green and resilient development, generate jobs and attract private investment in the rural frontier, all while reducing vulnerability against natural disasters in an era of adaptation.
The Bank Group is working to ensure that development benefits those who need it most, including women and youth. Women are critical to economic growth and job creation and gender equality is an area of priority focus for results under IDA16. IFC is helping increase access to finance and eliminating gender-based barriers to investment. IFC is also working with public and private partners to ensure that youth in developing countries acquire the skills necessary to meet the job opportunities that will emerge as these countries.
We are also undertaking analytical work on how climate and other environmental trends affect households and communities, access to opportunities, vulnerability and outcomes. This provides bedrock information for building well-designed policy responses to help the poor and vulnerable adapt to environmental change.
In engaging the private sector to create more inclusive business models that would provide goods, services, and livelihood opportunities to people at the base of the income pyramid IFC has deployed targeted investments and used its convening power to share knowledge and promote innovation across the business community. About 150 IFC clients today are using inclusive business models to provide direct benefits to the underserved population at the base of the pyramid, creating high development impact in financially sustainable and scalable ways.
We will continue to assist developing countries in scaling-up, accelerating and expanding their initiatives leading to stronger pollution management and environmental health performance. We share good pollution management results and experiences with developing countries through, for example, extensive South-South collaboration and substantive environmental awareness events. An updated Sourcebook on Pollution Management is close to completion.
Over 100 countries already successfully use Strategic Environmental Assessments (SEA) and Impact Assessments (IA) through directives, policies or laws. SEA and IA help ensure that policies, programs and projects are designed and implemented to have more sustainable outcomes while reducing poverty and advance green economy objectives. Their results are used to inform the development of future proposals. SEA and IA should be recognized as effective high level decision support processes that can assist in the implementation of political commitment to Sustainable Development and Green Economy initiatives. At the Bank Group, SEA is increasingly used in the forestry, mining, water and transport sectors in countries where we are working.----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1 We, members of the United Nations System Chief Executives Board, recognize the historic opportunity provided by the United Nations Conference on Sustainable Development to reset the world on a sustainable development path.
2 We affirm that sustainable development is a top priority for our organizations, and reaffirm the continuing validity of the principles in the 1992 Rio Declaration on Environment and Development and of Agenda 21, including the principle of common but differentiated responsibilities. We recommit to a renewed system-wide effort, in partnership with the full range of governmental, civil society and private sector stakeholders, to support the realization of these principles.
3 Despite substantial improvement in many key areas of development and environment, the world has not made the progress towards sustainable development aspired to in the outcomes of the United Nations Conference on Environment and Development held in Rio de Janeiro in 1992, and in subsequent related world conferences.
4 Over the past twenty years, the world has witnessed strong economic growth and significant progress toward attaining a number of the Millennium Development Goals (MDGs). It is of grave concern, however, that these positive trends have been accompanied by increasing disparities and inequalities, persistent gender inequality, social inequity, a growing deterioration of the environment, and recurrent economic, financial, energy and food crises.
5 At the United Nations Conference on Sustainable Development (or Rio+20), renewed commitment and urgent action are therefore needed to lay a firm foundation for a longer-term process of redressing imbalances, agreeing on priorities, and reforming institutional arrangements at all levels, to bring about coherence and the integration of policies across the economic, environmental and social pillars, with human beings and their wellbeing at the centre. The Conference must also address the means of implementing outcomes, through the provision of resources, including for technological transformation and capacity building.
6 Charting the way forward to eradicate poverty and promote sustainable development must start with the recognition that the world has changed in fundamental ways. Climate change is significantly altering the physical and human geography of the planet. There are major differences in population growth, age, sex structures, spatial distribution and patterns of movement; resource consumption has increased, and production patterns are more unsustainable. But there has also been wide-ranging technological progress, from renewable energy and energy efficiency, to innovative measures for adapting to climate change impacts, and new and efficient means for social networking, dialogue and participatory engagement, providing opportunities that were not available twenty years ago.
7 Against these changing parameters, Rio+20 must acknowledge that economic, social and environmental objectives are not independent variables, but are mutually supportive, with progress in each area facilitating advancement in the others. Our objectives should be to enhance equity, revitalize the global economy, and protect the planet and its ecosystems that support us so that all people, women, men and children, can live in dignity.
8 The sustainability of future growth and development will rely critically on innovation, improved economic, energy and natural resource efficiency, an open and supportive multilateral trading system, better fiscal policies providing incentives for sustainability, comprehensive wealth accounting and valuation of ecosystem services, equitable access and inclusive political processes and the capacity to create sufficient decent work. Growth must lead to strengthened resilience ? of households, ecosystems, and economies, and improved water, food and nutrition security.
9 Economic growth must be of high quality and inclusive. It should occur hand in hand with relevant efforts to accelerate progress in global health, gender equality and women?s empowerment, the realization of human rights, greater equity, improved access to and quality of social protection and the rule of law, and the fair distribution of the benefits of development. Policies must avoid trade protectionism and negative impacts especially on the poor and vulnerable groups such as refugees and internally displaced persons. These objectives are all key elements of the green economy approach, and we pledge the support of our organizations to Member States as they engage in this critical and transformational transition.
10 The shift to sustainable development presents challenges, but also offers opportunity for substantial investments, both public and private, in productive infrastructure, technological transformation, science, education and human capital development. The UN system stands ready to assist Member States as they formulate and implement the enabling policy and regulatory frameworks that are essential for such investment to take place, and to continue to strengthen its work at the country level.
11 In the current fragmented system, institutional reform is unquestionably needed at national, regional and international levels, to integrate the dimensions of sustainable development, improve effectiveness in implementation, urgently scale-up activities, and bring about further coordination and coherence of policy.
12 The UN system is determined to do its part on institutional reform, by improving system-wide coordination mechanisms, and by reviewing and improving policies and programmes, including through joint programming. But this may not be sufficient, and Rio+20 should consider continued efforts on broader reforms within the UN system, for example, the strengthening of institutions, mandates and regulatory frameworks, or making structural changes.
13 At a more specific level, from a range of priority issues, a number have emerged that warrant particular attention in the context of sustainable development at Rio+20. Among these are: energy, water, oceans, green jobs, sustainable cities, sustainable agriculture and food security, disaster risk reduction, and investing in health, education, youth, gender equality and women?s empowerment.
14 These issues require a coordinated approach by the UN system, stakeholders from government, civil society and the private sector, to find joint innovative and lasting solutions. The organizations of the UN system have been intensifying efforts and cooperation to address the challenges of the water, energy and global food security crises. Rio+20 will provide an appropriate platform to support selected initiatives, such as the Sustainable Energy for All initiative, which illustrate a collective renewed commitment to sustainable development.At Rio+20, we must build upon and scale up the achievements, best practices and lessons of the MDGs, and lay strong foundations for the post-2015 development agenda. We must chart a course for measurable progress towards sustainable development goals, using milestones that integrate the economic, environmental and social dimensions and a new generation of metrics to measure our achievements. The UN system stands ready to support the world?s nations and peoples to make sustainable development a reality.


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|Vandals smother #25 Portland
MOSCOW, Idaho - For the first time in school history, Idaho hosted a ranked non-conference team in a home game, and for the first time since 1982, the Vandal men took down a top-25 team, as Idaho smothered No. 25 Portland, 68-48.
Three days after Idaho (5-2) seemed punchless defensively in a 95-93 road loss at Cal State Northridge, the Vandal men took it personally and came up with all the answers against a Portland (5-3) team that entered the game averaging 76.1 points on .489 shooting.
Idaho used relentless pressure, active hands and all-around team effort to hound the Pilots into 17 turnovers and hold them to a season-low .322 field goal percentage on 19-of-59 shooting, as well as season-lows in points (48), free throws attempted (6) and made (4), and assists (9).
"That's probably as good of defense that we've played all year for that length of time, and that's a credit to our guys," Idaho head coach Don Verlin said. "They worked really hard these last two days in the film room and on the court about how we could get better defensively, and we did that tonight."
The Idaho offense was as efficient as usual. The Western Athletic Conference's field goal percentage leader hit .522 from the field as a team, its third time shooting above 50 percent in a game this year, and hit .429 (6-14) from 3-point range.
"We played the game at the tempo we dictated," Verlin said. "Not at the tempo that somebody else did, like what happened on Thursday night (at Cal State Northridge)."
Three Vandals scored in double digits, led for the second game in a row by senior Kashif Watson, who hit seven of his 11 shots and scored 15 points. Sophomore Luiz Toledo was 5-of-7 from the field for 12 points, while senior Mac Hopson dropped in 10 points on 3-of-6 shooting. Senior Marvin Jefferson led the team with nine rebounds, while senior Steffan Johnson had a team-high five assists.
Portland's three leading scorers, T.J. Campbell, Nik Raivio and Robin Smeulders, combined to average 45.9 points on .513 shooting coming into the game, but the Vandal defense held the trio to just 5-of-30 (.167) from the floor and 15 points. Luke Sikma led the team with 11 points, while Raivio added 10, but only one other Pilot scored more than five points in the game.
"We got some huge stops," Verlin said. "I thought Marvin Jefferson did a great job rebounding the ball, especially in the second half, and I thought Mac Hopson did a great job on T.J. Campbell.
"We were just able to get some stops down the stretch."
While the teams finished the game with 17 turnovers apiece, it was Idaho that took advantage, as the Vandals converted those into 23 points, compared to just nine for Portland. Idaho also led fast-break points by a 10-2 margin. Idaho out-rebounded Portland by a 36-30 margin and, despite giving up 12 offensive rebounds, only allowed UP four second-chance points.
Idaho started Sunday's game much the same way it had in its previous four wins - quickly. The Vandals scored the game's first six points and opened the first half with a 9-2 run. Portland pulled within three at 9-6, but the Vandals responded with a 13-2 run, 10 of which came from turnovers, from the 10:41 mark of the first half to the 5:46 mark.
Idaho extended its lead as far as 18 points at 31-13 with 1:29 left in the half. After UP's Campbell knocked down a 3-pointer with 18 seconds left in the half, Johnson responded for Idaho by coming right back down and swishing a deep ball of his own to end the scoring in the half, and Idaho went into the break with a 34-18 lead.
Portland appeared poised to start a run when it opened the half with five straight points to get within 11 at 34-23, but a 14-2 run by the Vandals, capped off by a Hopson 3-point play, put the Vandals ahead 50-27 with 11:10 remaining. The Pilots never got closer than 17 points over the remainder of the half, as Idaho answered every Portland attempt to get back into the game.
Idaho will now face another tough opponent on Wednesday in Washington State (6-2), when the team heads to Pullman for the oldest active basketball series West of the Mississippi. The Vandals and Cougars will play for the 103rd consecutive year on Wednesday, Dec. 9.
"Any time you can win a game against a good basketball team like Portland, and then get ready to play your cross-town rival, it's huge," Verlin said. "They're obviously very good and it's a game I know our players have been looking forward to all year long."
Wednesday's game, which will be broadcast on Fox Sports Northwest, will tip off at 8 p.m. at Friel Court.

subset: commoncrawl


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Fit for any occasion! 18" x 72" folding table with a formal look. Marproof high pressure laminate surface on strong .75" thick top. Safety vinyl edge for protection.
Strong 1" square 18 gauge tubular steel legs with plastic non-mar glides. Twin compression legs prevent accidental folding.
Baked enamel finish is durable and long-lasting. Ships fully assembled.


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The "Franchise Partner Service" is a customized partner development program designed to help U.S. franchisers identify potential franchisees or master licensees for the Irish market. The service is delivered in a similar manner to our Gold Key Matching Service, by locating and then arranging one-on-one meetings with the prospects. It is a highly customized program due to the unique nature of franchising and the challenges that exist in finding suitable partners. A Commercial Specialist, an expert on franchising in Ireland, thoroughly researches the market and matches specific franchise operations across a wide range of industries to the most appropriate search methods that include advertising, direct mail, and networking. Once prospects are identified and pre-qualified to match the desired partner profile, a schedule of meetings is arranged with a number of prospects, usually over a two-day period.
Ranges from $1,600 and varies due to additional expenses incurred such as advertising fees.
Negotiable and determined on a case-by-case basis. Six to eight weeks lead time is usually required.
Finola Cunningham, Head of Section
Tel: 011-353-1-237-5849
Fax: 011-353-1-667-4754
Email: finola.cunningham@.trade.gov


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Oct. 4, 2012
TEMPE - The Arizona State University cross country teams will return to action on Saturday, Oct. 6 at the Grand Canyon Invitational in Buckeye, Ariz., beginning at 8 a.m. PT.
This will be the second year the Sun Devils have taken part in the event at the Estrella Mountain Regional Park, with the ASU men returning as the defending team champions of the event.
Both teams will run their `B' teams on Saturday with the men lining up Daniel Wong, Josh Walker, Jeff Bickert, Andy Cannata, Jesus Rivera and Garrett Seawell while the women will run Carly Paracholski, Shaina Corbin, Alexia Velarde, Kayla Springford and Delanne Bartlette.
The men's team will get the action underway with an 8,000-meter run at 8 a.m. with the women's 5,000-meter race set to follow at 8:45 a.m.
Arizona State will then set its eyes on next weekend's Wisconsin Invitational in Madison, where the majority of the nation's top teams will be in action in what will essentially be a preview of the NCAA Championships.


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I saw your profile today and became much interested in you.
My name is Miss Maureen.
please, contact me with this email adress,so that i can send you my picture for you to know how i look like.
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Remember the distance or colour does not matter but love embraces every thing.
Take very good care of yourself i am expecting your immidiate and urgent respond to my mail as soon as you get this massage
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Amended Articles of Incorporation of OCLC Online Computer Library Center, Incorporated
[May 20, 2008]
This is a reproduction of the content of the legal document. The original document, with signatures, is on file in the OCLC Legal Department.
First (name) | Second (location) | Third (purpose) | Fourth (Board) | Fifth (Membership) | Sixth (Global Council)
Seventh (amending articles) | Eighth (duration) | Ninth (earnings) | Tenth (dissolution) | Eleventh (currency)


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I would like to see special offers for my region
Fly from Tbilisi to your favourite European destination at our best fares and enjoy cultural heritage, fine cuisine, fabulous shopping in any season. Light, Classic or Flex: choose between three new Economy Class fares and pay only for the services you actually want to use.
The prices displayed may vary and should serve as a guide for your selected journey. The end price is subject to change depending on the selected payment option. Seats are limited and may not be available on all days/ flights.
Minimum stay: 5 days or Saturday to Sunday
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Non refundable
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"Fascinating . . . Gripping . . . Stunning
. . . Haunting tale."
— Janet Maslin, The New York Times
"Filled with memorable characters, hairpin twists of fate and consequences that bring a young nation to the breaking point . . . brings back to roaring life a tragic but irresistible historical period."
— The Christian Science Monitor
"Think you're not interested in James Garfield, our 20th President? Millard's action-packed account of his life and truly strange death should
change your mind."
— People Magazine
"Blends science, medicine, and politics in a crime story that grabs tight and it does not let go until the very last page. This is historical reporting
at its very best."
— Tucson Citizen
"An achingly good, suspenseful read….compelling characters and nail-biting storytelling."
— Kansas City Star
'Millard takes the reader on a compelling fly on-the-wall journey with these two men until that fateful day in a train station when Guiteau shot Garfield….. Comparisons to Erik Larson's "The Devil in the White City: Murder, Magic, and Madness at the Fair That Changed America" are justified, but
"Destiny of the Republic" is better.'
— Associated Press
"A winning amalgamation of history and adventure. They [Millard's books] exhibit a keen eye for human frailties."
— Washington Post
"Expert storytelling . . . compulsive reading.
Superb American history"
— Kirkus, starred review of Destiny of the Republic
"Splendidly insightful....stands securely at the crossroads of popular and professional history"
— Booklist, starred review of Destiny of the Republic
"Sparklingly alive."
— Publishers Weekly, on Destiny of the Republic
"First-rate history, political intrigue, and a
true-crime story all rolled into one.
An epic must-read!"
— Douglas Brinkley, on Destiny of the Republic
"In this brilliant and riveting work, Candice Millard demonstrates the power of narrative nonfiction.
This is a book that is impossible to put down."
— David Grann, on Destiny of the Republic
"Candice Millard has done it again: She's turned the sometimes stodgy realm of presidential history on its head with a gripping tale of high danger
and stoic endurance."
— Hampton Sides, on Destiny of the Republic
"A crackling tale of suspense and a panoramic picture of a fascinating but forgotten era."
— Debby Applegate, on Destiny of the Republic
"Candice Millard has written another riveting
narrative. . . . Just as Millard put us deep in the
Amazon with Teddy Roosevelt, she has skillfully
allowed us to share this traumatic moment."
— Ken Burns, on Destiny of the Republic
Destiny of the Republic
named 2012 recipient
of the PEN Center USA award
for research nonfiction:
On April 26, 2012,
Destiny of the Republic
won the
Edgar Award
for Best Fact Crime:
Meticulously researched, epic in scope, and pulsating with an intimate human focus and high-velocity narrative drive, Destiny of the Republic will stand alongside The Devil in the White City and The Professor and the Madman as a classic of narrative history.
At once an incredible adventure narrative and a penetrating biographical portrait, The River of Doubt is the true story of Theodore Roosevelt's harrowing exploration of one of the most dangerous rivers on earth.


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Blog about playing Pickup Games and finding Activity Partners
Filed under
There are few games in this world that are less appreciated for their skill requirement and effort-to-enjoyment ratio than cornhole. If you're not familiar with the name cornhole, you might be familiar with the terms "corn toss" or "bags". But "cornhole" is a legitimate game and has a surprisingly strong following with the tailgating and general "leisure" athlete. (Read: games to be played in the backyard with or without the influence of alcohol.) Click here to find out more info on the history and regulation rules of this game enjoyed throughout America from the American Corhole Association.
Granted, cornhole was traditionally spotted at tailgate parties, NACSAR races and other less reputable events in America. But I think it's safe to say that cornhole has emerged as one of the preferred forms of entertainment for America's elite! Recently, a big Pickup Sports enthusiast was in Scottsdale, AZ and spotted the game being played poolside at a 5-star resort. Yes, cornhole has reached 5-star status in America!
That being said, I would argue cornhole is one of the best group sports out there because it involves not only the 4 players in the game, but it's also an exceptional spectator sport. Everyone loves the anticipation of each throw, and the competitive nature of the game always keeps things interesting. So grab a bag, get your friends and set up a game of cornhole this weekend!
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Kerry Michael Collins
Position: QB
Height: 6-5 Weight: 248 lbs.
Throws: Right
Born: December 30, 1972 in Lebanon, PA
High School: Wilson
College: Penn St. (school history) (Collins college stats)
Drafted by the Carolina Panthers in the 1st round (5th overall) of the 1995 NFL Draft.
Weighted Career AV (100-95-...): 81 (334th overall since 1950)
2-time Pro Bowler (fine print)
Other SR Links: College Football at Sports-Reference.com


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Out today, BLACKsummers'night is the first full-length Maxwell release since Now, his critically-acclaimed third studio album that debuted at #1 on the Billboard 200 in August 2001.
The sensuous opening installment of the artist's monumental BLACKSUMMERS'NIGHT trilogy will be followed by blackSUMMERS'night and blacksummers'NIGHT, which are slated for release in 2010 and 2011, respectively.
Composed of nine indelible songs, BLACKsummers'night finds Maxwell exploring life with a bold and purposeful sensuality unmistakably his own. Opening with a delicate hint of wistful chimes, the first single, "Pretty Wings," is nostalgic ("your face will be the reason I smile"), and yet undeniably passionate. Another of the album's more persuasive songs is "Stop the World." A rhythmic rush of desire, Maxwell describes "Stop the World" as "having corporal relations. That's what I call having sex…and that's stopping the world." Equally personal is "Fistful of Tears." Shifting from those oh so recognizable falsettos and baritones, Maxwell rides the melody like a man both possessed by and resigned to his feelings. Then there's the jazz thumping "Cold." Peppered by a funked up horn section and wrapped in a moist honey soaked groove, this head bopping track finds Maxwell asking the eternal lovers question, "why do you like me like you do?" It's very sexy stuff.


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Spotlight for Career Services ProfessionalsSpotlight for Recruiting ProfessionalsFebruary 5, 2014
The four top-hiring industries for Class of 2013 bachelor's degree graduates remain the same as those in previous reports for this class.
Just like NACE's September 2013 and April 2013 Salary Survey, the January 2014 Salary Survey—the final report on starting salaries for the college Class of 2013—found that educational services; professional, scientific, and technical services; healthcare and social assistance; and federal, state, and local government are the top-hiring industries for Class of 2013 grads. (See Figure 1.)
Other top-hiring industries for this class are manufacturing, finance and insurance, information, management of companies and enterprises, wholesale trade, and other services (except federal, state, and local government).
Data for the January 2014 Salary Survey report were retrieved in November 2013. An executive summary of the January 2014 Salary Survey report is available at www.naceweb.org/salary-resources/salary-survey.aspx or through the MyNACE area of NACEWeb.
NACE's first report on starting salaries for the college Class of 2014 will be published in April.
Source: January 2014 Salary Survey, National Association of Colleges and Employers. All data are for bachelor's degree graduates.
JobplaceNACE Blog: http://blog.naceweb.org/
NACE's Tweets: @NACE.org
Contact NACE Staff
NACE's Newsletter: Spotlight
©2016 National Association of Colleges and Employers. All rights reserved.


text:
With over 10,000 square feet and housing the best of Burton's high-end, custom-built machinery, Craig's represents a huge investment in snowboard R&D. Although capable of producing thousands of snowboards, Craig's is purely dedicated to R&D and will only build a handful of experimental snowboards a day. At Craig's, Burton engineers can experiment with new ideas and feedback that constantly flow into Burton from pro riders, engineers, dealers and customers. Not only can Craig's create a new board in a matter of hours, there's also a rapid-prototype machine that allows engineers to build a plastic binding part overnight and test it on snow the next morning. Craig's also features a machine shop, so engineers can create and test custom tooling parts and manufacturing processes, which is critical to evolving Burton's manufacturing techniques around the world.
Craig's Trail will lead visitors to 'The Barn' where people can take a self-guided tour of archived photos, products and videos from the first 30 years of Burton's history. Inspired by Burton's original Burton Manchester offices and featuring its actual original sign, the Barn is a key hallmark of the new facility.
Schedule a Tour
152 Industrial Parkway
Burlington, VT 05401
Monday through Friday
by Appointment Only
Book Online...


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For the more information about natural sounds and night skies in the National Park Service, please visit http://www.nature.nps.gov/sound_night/.
Exploring Sounds
Visit our Sound Gallery to listen to some of the sounds you might experience in the national parks! You can download natural sounds (birds, mammals, geological, meteorological sounds), cultural sounds (cannon fire, Native American music, sensation jazz, reveille), and human-caused sounds (boat, motorcycle, jet, snowmobile, car alarm).
In order to fully appreciate and understand the importance of soundscapes in parks as well as your everyday life, you must experience and explore sound for yourself. To Enhance your Soundscape Experience, simply follow some of our suggested tips.
If you are a teacher looking to explore soundscape then please visit our Teaching Soundscapes page, which provides examples of how to engage youth and fun activities to try in the classroom.
Featured Videos
If Wilderness Could Speak: Olympic Wilderness
Elk bugling, Waves crashing, and banana slugs making their way through the moss - these are the instruments of the Olympic Wilderness orchestra. Watch and listen to the beautiful symphony of this unique wilderness that comprises 95 percent of Olympic National Park. This video was produced by film students at American University in partnership with the NPS.
Wilderness Song: Shenandoah
Falling leaves. Babbling water. Chirping birds. The sounds that embody the Shenandoah Wilderness make their own kind of music. Explore the musical dynamics of this special place with two local musicians. This video was produced by film students at American University in partnership with the NPS.
Singing Sands: Great Sand Dunes
The mysterious phenomenon of "singing" or "booming" sands has been known for centuries in desert regions around the world. Watch and listen as scientists from NPS set out to create and record a sand avalanche and learn what causes this unique sound!
Natural Sounds Video
This video provides an introduction to the Natural Sounds Program, its mission, and the role of natural and cultural sounds in your National Parks.


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Serving all people by providing personalized health and wellness through exemplary care, education and research.
Our Services
Explore health content from A to Z.
I need information about...
Certain risks, such as bleeding, blood clots, or problems with anesthesia, are possible with any surgery. You should discuss these risks with your doctor.
Colorectal surgery has these specific risks:
Infection. Colorectal surgery increases your risk for infection because of the bacteria in your colon. Treatments before surgery can help reduce this risk. Still, a small portion of people who have colorectal surgery get an infection. Doctors can treat some skin infections by allowing them to drain and by using clean dressings. More serious infections can occur inside the abdomen. These may require additional surgery. Antibiotics are very helpful to treat infections.
Anastomotic leak. After the surgeon removes a section of colon, he or she sews the two ends together. A leak can occur at this connection. Then what's in your intestine can leak into your body. If the leak is small, treatment may simply involve observation and diet, allowing the colon to heal itself over time. If the leak is large, it can be life-threatening. You may require surgery to correct it. Leaks occur in a small number of people who have a colorectal resection.
Bowel obstruction. Sometimes your colon develops scar tissue (adhesions) while it heals. This tissue can block your intestines and cause symptoms, such as pain, bloating, nausea, and vomiting. If these adhesions block the intestines, it may require surgery to fix the problem.
Along with the risks above, there are also other risks that come with surgery to remove a tumor from your rectum:
Ureteral injury. The tubes that carry urine from your kidney to your bladder are called ureters. Sometimes they can be damaged during surgery. If they are, the doctor can usually fix them during the operation. If the damage isn't noticed, there can be long-term complications.
Sexual dysfunction. In men, the rectum is close to the prostate. The nerves that are involved in sexual function wrap around the prostate. Sometimes these nerves are damaged. That can cause sexual dysfunction.
Neuropathy. The nerves in your legs can be damaged during surgery. This can be caused by pressure on your rectum created by the position you're in during surgery. After surgery, you could experience numbness and weakness in your legs. This is a rare complication. Also, the symptoms are usually temporary.
Even with these possible complications, the benefits of removing a tumor usually outweigh the risks.
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Ratings and Reviews


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Turbulent times
Sports writer John Hopkins looks at the ups and downs of Rory McIlroy's career.
Sat November 16 2013
More Videos
Thu June 30 2016
Hinchcliffe at the Skypad
Huddersfield Giants Ryan Hinchcliffe joined Jon Wells at the Skypad to talk about his sides win against league leaders Hull FC.
Thu June 30 2016
Huddersfield shock leaders Hull FC
The Huddersfield Giants shocked league leaders Hull FC with a 22-12 win in the Super League.
Thu June 30 2016
Man Utd jump the gun on Mkhitaryan?
Manchester United have all-but confirmed the signing of Dortmund ace Henrikh Mkhitaryan. Or was it just a mistake?
Thu June 30 2016
Radical Rachel - Part One
In the first of a two part series, Rachel Brookes drives a Radical SR1, and attempts to get her racing licence ahead of her first ever race at Oulton Park in July.
Thu June 30 2016
Barwick confident of England success
Rugby Football League chairman Brian Barwick insists they've put forward a strong bid for England to host the 2021 World Cup.
Thu June 30 2016
Hamilton: It's going to be a challenge
Lewis Hamilton admits the odds are against him as he tries to overturn the 24 point deficit between him and Mercedes Nico Rosberg in the Formula One World Drivers Championship.
Thu June 30 2016
Ibrahimovic confirms United move
Zlatan Ibrahimovic has tweeted he's joining Manchester United, but there's been no official word from the club yet.
Thu June 30 2016
'Puel has a big personality'
French journalist Damien Dubras believes Southampton's new manager Claude Puel was the 'last good coach left in France'.
Thu June 30 2016
Dyke: England players froze
FA chairman Greg Dyke admits he can't explain England's early exit from Euro 2016, and agrees they could benefit from additional psychological training to help them in major tournaments.
Thu June 30 2016
Williams praises medical staff
Ashley Williams has praised Wales' medical team, who've helped him recover from a shoulder injury to be fit for the country's Euro 2016 quarter-final against Belgium on Friday.
Thu June 30 2016
Can Dublin down the Rebels?
Dublin are seeking their first championship win over Cork since 1927 when they meet on Saturday. Watch it live on Sky Sports 5 HD from 6.30pm.
Thu June 30 2016
Ted's Notebook Special: Red Bull's Hangar 7
Ted Kravitz gains access to Red Bull's Hangar 7, where all their classic airplanes and other vehicles are displayed, in this Notebook special.
Thu June 30 2016
What's in my bag - Rachael Heyhoe Flint
Rachael Heyhoe Flint takes you through the contents of her cricket bag.
Thu June 30 2016
McIlroy: There's still plenty to work on
Rory McIlroy hit 71 on Thursday at the Open de France and says he was pleased with his opening round in his first tournament since missing the cut at the US Open.
Thu June 30 2016
'England underestimated Iceland'
France defender Patrice Evra believes England failed to show Iceland respect, and warns his team-mates they must take their opponents seriously in their Euro 2016 quarter-final.
Thu June 30 2016
Williams fit for Wales
Ashley Williams took part in a full training session on Thursday and is expected to lead Wales out in their Euro 2016 quarter-final against Belgium on Friday.
Thu June 30 2016
Round: United exit would be good for Giggs
Former Manchester United assistant manager Steve Round believes Ryan Giggs would benefit from leaving Old Trafford.
Thu June 30 2016
A feeling of deja vu?
The FA's three-man task force of Martin Glenn, Dan Ashworth and David Gill will meet on Friday to begin the process of appointing Roy Hodgson's successor as England manager. But we've been here before...
Thu June 30 2016
Fowler looking to find his form quickly
Rickie Fowler knows he needs to improve if he's going to be an automatic pick for the US Ryder Cup team. Fowler has missed the cut in three of his last four events.
Thu June 30 2016
Froome: Quintana main rival
Chris Froome says Nairo Quintana is stronger than ever and will be his main rival at the Tour de France.
Thu June 30 2016
Germany want revenge for Euro 2012 defeat
Germany goalkeeping coach Andreas Koepke insists his side are better prepared for Italy this time around than they were in Euro 2012, when their opponents beat them in the semi-finals.
Thu June 30 2016
Portugal expecting tough tactical test
Portugal's head coach Fernando Santos says his team must be at the top of their game to beat Poland on Thursday night in the first Euro 2016 quarter-final.
Thu June 30 2016
Petchey: Murray should ease through
Sky Sports' Mark Petchey believes Andy Murray shouldn't have any trouble in reaching the third round at Wimbledon. Murray faces Yen-Hsun Lu on Centre Court on Thursday.
Thu June 30 2016
Froome: Title will be tough to defend
Two-time Tour de France winner Chris Froome believes this year's race will be his toughest ever test.
Thu June 30 2016
England defeat ruins Sullivan's plans
English golfer Andy Sullivan admits watching England's humiliating defeat to Iceland was tough viewing.
Thu June 30 2016
Bale gets his own burger!
Following Wales' achievements so far at Euro 2016, Gareth Bale now has a burger named after him, and it's fair to say the Welsh customers are enjoying the taste of success.
Thu June 30 2016
McInnes hoping for Europa League boost
Aberdeen manager Derek McInnes believes an early start in their season could have a positive impact on their league campaign. Aberdeen are back in competitive action on Thursday night when they face Fola Esch in the first round of Europa League qualifying.
Thu June 30 2016
Neilson expecting tough Europa League test
Hearts head coach Robbie Neilson admits he's disappointed to be playing the first leg of their Europa League qualifier against Estonian side FC Infonet at home.
Thu June 30 2016
Wales v Belgium: The golfers' verdict
Welsh golfer Jamie Donaldson and Belgian Nicolas Colsaerts give their thoughts on the Euro 2016 quarter-final tie between their two nations.
Thu June 30 2016
Hazard might miss Wales match
Belgium coach Marc Wilmots admits he can't guarantee Eden Hazard will be fit to face Wales in Friday's quarter-final tie at Euro 2016.
Thu June 30 2016
Bale: We have our own gameplan
Gareth Bale wasn't giving much away when asked about Wales' tactics for their quarter-final match against Belgium at Euro 2016 on Friday.
Thu June 9 2016
Tyson: Cus made me the best
Mike Tyson told Adam and Johnny about the huge impact that trainer Cus D'Amato had on his boxing career and life outside the ring.
Thu June 9 2016
Tyson: Intimidation was my art
Mike Tyson told Adam and Johnny that he had no problem using intimidation throughout his boxing career.
Thu June 9 2016
Tyson: Douglas punished my ego
Mike Tyson told Adam and Johnny that he had a bad day at the office against Buster Douglas and needed to put his ego in check.
Thu June 9 2016
Tyson: I nearly fought Johnny
Johnny Nelson recalled how he was considered as an opponent for Mike Tyson after his victory in Scotland over Lou Savarese.
Thu June 30 2016
Fourth ODI: The captains
England's Eoin Morgan and Sri Lanka's Angelo Mathews give their reaction after the fourth ODI.
Thu June 30 2016
Tigers win Scottish derby
Reaction from Edinburgh manager Alex Harkness and Glasgow boss Stewart Dickson after the Tigers beat the Monarchs 51-39.
Thu June 30 2016
Barker excited by Joshua progress
Former IBF world middleweight champion Darren Barker admits he's looking forward to seeing Anthony Joshua take on Joseph Parker and is excited by the prospect of an all-British heavyweight bout against David Haye.
Wed June 29 2016
Double points on offer at Open de France
Rory McIlroy says it's understandable why so many top players are competing as this week's Open de France. Double points are on offer and it's a chance for some players to put themselves into contention to be selected for Europe's Ryder Cup team in September.
Wed June 29 2016
Iceland hoping to follow Leicester's example
Iceland's joint head coach Heimir Hallgrimsson admits he's drawing inspiration from Leicester City's Premier League triumph, as they prepare to face France in the quarter-finals at Euro 2016.
Wed June 29 2016
Ringside State of the Week - 29th June
Adam Smith is joined by former World Champion Darren Barker as he reflects on another memorable night for British Boxing last Saturday.


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Tuesday, August 23, 2011
In Second Place!
But there's still a week left to go in the voting, and anything could happen between now and then. Two other designs are within five votes of mine, and one is just 30 votes back, so even though I'm in the top five right now, the outcome is by no means assured. So if you haven't voted yet, I would so appreciate it if you would take just a moment to do so. I promise it's very quick and easy! Click here to vote for my design—it's called "Flourish" and it's in the fourth row from the top.
You can only vote once, so if you have already voted, thanks again! You can ignore this and any future begging and pleading for votes. : ) Voting ends August 31.
16 comments:
- Impera_Magna said...
WTG! How exciting...
(I wonder if I can vote from work... shhhh!)
- August 23, 2011 at 6:37 PM
- Mary Ann and Mother said...
Crossing my fingers for you!
- August 23, 2011 at 6:39 PM
- Leah said...
Good luck! I will be rooting for you.
- August 23, 2011 at 7:11 PM
- diane said...
I voted!
- August 23, 2011 at 7:27 PM
- The Thompsons said...
Done and Done! :) Good luck!
- August 23, 2011 at 7:44 PM
- Flo @ Butterfly Quilting said...
FYI... The votes are by email address.....so.....I have two different email addresses, so have voted twice! Might go check out my husband too!!
- August 23, 2011 at 7:49 PM
- Jan said...
I already voted, good luck. Love your design.
- August 23, 2011 at 7:55 PM
- Angela said...
Lee, I already voted for you but I just put out the word on my blog in case any of my readers had not seen your design yet. Hopefully that will get you some more votes. You totally deserve it!
- August 23, 2011 at 8:22 PM
- Linz said...
Yea!! I will keep sounding the call too! Congrats!
- August 23, 2011 at 8:35 PM
- Katherine said...
I've voted twice now :) I love your fabric and I think it would be so awesome to see a whole line produced. You are so talented.
- August 23, 2011 at 9:02 PM
- Sweet Pea said...
How exciting, I've voted...can I vote more than once?
- August 23, 2011 at 9:14 PM
- Cindy said...
I voted for you! Not because you asked, but because yours is the best!
- August 23, 2011 at 9:24 PM
- webmailaddress2 said...
I've seen lots of blogs sing the praises of your CT entry, and I finally got around to voting for it today. Good luck!
- August 23, 2011 at 11:03 PM
- Marg said...
Yay good luck. I've already voted so I'll keep my fingers crossed for you.
- August 23, 2011 at 11:27 PM
- Cindy said...
Congratulations! This is so exciting!
- August 24, 2011 at 1:28 AM
- Kiera said...
Yay!! That is so awesome. I'll put link up on my new FB Page...Community Threads. Also on my personal and It's Sew Kiki FB page. Keeping my fingers crossed girl!!
- August 24, 2011 at 6:17 AM


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Soccer Staff
Todd SHULENBERGER
Head Coach (First Season)
Todd Shulenberger was named the Washington State University Head Soccer Coach April 10, 2015. Shulenberger becomes the seventh head coach in program history after spending the last two seasons as the associate head coach at Texas Tech. Last season the Red Raiders reached the third round of the NCAA Championship and finished with a 16-4-2 record.(FULL BIO)
Sandy DAVISON
Assistant Coach (Second Season)
Sandy Davison brought over 25 years of coaching experience to Washington State when she joined the Cougar soccer program in February, 2014. (FULL BIO)
Jon HARVEY
Assistant Coach (Second Season)
Jon Harvey joined the Washington State University soccer staff in February, 2014. In his first season with the Cougars, Harvey oversaw the success of goalkeeper Gurveen Clair. The 2014 Cougars' 0.74 goals against average tied for the third-best average in program history. (FULL BIO)
Brian BUSCH
Coordinator of Operations (First Season)
Brian Busch was named the coordinator of operations for the Cougar soccer in July 2015. Prior to arriving at WSU, Busch helped lead distinguished Torrey Pines (Calif.) High School to nine-consecutive division championships. (FULL BIO)


text:
If you don't know what to get somebody for Christmas, you buy them a gift card. If you REALLY don't know what to get someone, you can get them a gift card for a gift card.
That's the concept behind a Winn-Dixie "Your Choice" card. Your receipient can cash it in for a variety of gift cards Winn-Dixie sells to places such as Chili's, iTunes or Lowe's.


text:
|Rancho Cucamonga, Calif.
|High School:
|Alta Loma HS
2013: Member of 2013 NCATA National Championship team… event national champion in heat two pyramid and heat three pyramid.
2012: Member of 2012 NCATA National Championship team.
2011: Member of the inaugural NCATA National Championship team...national champion in 6 and 7-element acro events and duo toss.
2010: Member of team that finished third at NCA Collegiate Nationals.
High School: Competed for the Fierce All-Stars club team … voted Miss Irreplaceable by her teammates in 2005 … performed at the All-Star Cheerleading Championships in 2007 … led club team to the world championships in 2007 … earned one letter in dance … served as co-captain of the dance team as a senior … voted senior performer of the year in dance in 2009 … led team to the USA Dance Nationals in 2009.
Personal: Full name is Julia Alisa Magdelino … born in Riverside, Calif. … parents are Thomas Magdelino and Deborah Salazar-Magelino … has two brothers: one older (Raymond) and one younger (Thomas) … majoring in psychology … looking forward to spreading the exposure of the new acrobatics and tumbling sport.


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The Facility Planning Section is responsible for the Planning and Design of Transportation projects.
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When dialing outside of the county, call 240-777-0311 or submit via their website.
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Transportation Engineering · Montgomery County Department of Transportation
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· telephone: 240-777-7220· fax: 240-777-7277 ·


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A New Jersey maintenance team saves taxpayers $80,000 a year by bringing inspection in-house
The city of Lincoln, Neb., is fast outgrowing its 880 miles of sanitary sewers. To remedy this situation, the Lincoln Wastewater System (LWWS) is upgrading its wastewater collection system. That's a lot of pipe.
A dual-purpose gravity sewer can take the pressure in a growing city.
According to independent researchers, corrugated high-density polyethylene (HDPE) pipe may have more staying power than previously believed.
Surge and water hammer can lead to short- and long-term damage to piped systems by causing conditions such as vibration, rupture, leaks, and displacement. As a result, pipelines may collapse, become contaminated, or fail prematurely.
Reconstruction of a Toledo water main brought the structure into the 21st century—but engineers used a 20th century relic to make it possible.
Picking the perfect pipe can be perplexing. Here, we share with you a range of resources to help you determine the best material, size, and accessories for the job.
Sewer utilities can improve performance and reverse the aging process by implementing buried infrastructure management (BIM), a systematic planning process that allows them to leverage resources to maximize the immediate and long-term benefits of every action.
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2016 Hanley Wood Media, Inc. All rights reserved.


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Bariatric Surgery and Nonsurgical Therapy in Adults With Metabolic Conditions and a Body Mass Index of 30.0 to 34.9 kg/m²
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imPRESS Press-On Manicure- Rock It
imPRESS Press-On Manicure are easy to apply with superior, lasting shine, no drying time. Lasting up to a week and easy to remove.
Guaranteed AuthenticGuaranteed Authentic
Folica is an authorized distributer of this product and guarantees its authenticity.Close
- No drying time–The imPRESS Press-On Manicure delivers an instant salon-perfect manicure without the drying time of polish or nail glue.
- Superior, lasting shine—An indestructible top coat that rivals the best salon gel polish.
- Easy removal—Gently peel from sides or apply polish remover around the edges, wait 1 minute, then peel off.
- Lasts up to a week—When applied properly, imPress Press-On Manicure lasts up to a week while keeping nails protected. What polish can say that!
- Find the correct size for each nail (if needed use smaller sizes for best result)
- Lay out 10 nails in finger order
- Cleanse natural nail with enclosed prep pad
- For best adhesion, firmly apply nails, thumb last
- Remove in seconds! Gently peel off from sides or apply polish remover around edges, wait 1 minute and peel off.


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OK, so since last year, when I was on the forum, I was mulling over converting my Saiga 12 from the sporter stock, to a TRUE pistol grip configuration.
Well, I grabbed my balls and dove into the conversion. Popped some rivtets, filed some welds and have everything apart. NOW Im stuck.
I suppose I didnt realize that I need a conversion kit with trigger parts??


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As seen on the National Geographic Channel.
Price: $19.95
Fuzzy babies. Stay-at-home dads. Flamboyant feathers. Exactly what you think when you hear the words T-Rex, right? If not, then think again.
For hundreds of years, we thought dinosaurs ruled the planet as scaly, reptilian beasts that terrorized early earth. But new scientific advances are proving us wrong and painting an entirely new picture of not only the T-Rex, but the entire dinosaur world. With the discovery of feathered dinosaurs in China and a revolutionary new method of reconstructing original color, scientists are building a new picture of what dinosaurs actually looked like, how they behaved and how they used their feathers
Not available for shipment outside of the U.S. and Canada.
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NOTE: The NG DVD-R titles are not closed-captioned. We apologize for any inconvenience this limitation may cause.


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More storms expected today
Published: Sunday, August 18, 2013 at 12:30 a.m.
Last Modified: Saturday, August 17, 2013 at 11:04 p.m.
Today: Mostly cloudy with thunderstorms and a chance of rain. High of 84F. Winds from the West at 5 to 10 mph. Chance of rain 30 percent. Tonight: Mostly cloudy with thunderstorms and a chance of rain. Low of 72F. Winds less than 5 mph. Chance of rain 30 percent.
For more local weather and live radar information, go to www.StarNewsOnline.com/weather.
Reader comments posted to this article may be published in our print edition. All rights reserved. This copyrighted material may not be re-published without permission. Links are encouraged.


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Deception Showtimes and Tickets
Read Movie Reviews about Deception Write a Movie Review for Deception
Release Date: 2008-04-25
Genre: Action/Adventure, Suspense/Thriller
Rating: R
Duration: 1hr 48min
"Are you free tonight?" A simple enough question, but how Jonathan McQuarry answers it will change his life forever. A corporate auditor adrift in a sea of New York's power elite, Jonathan's work is his entire life. But, a chance meeting with Wyatt Bose, a charismatic corporate lawyer, introduces Jonathan to a decadent playground for Manhattan's executive upper crust. For these power brokers, whose 18-hour workdays leave no time for a personal life, there's "The List"--a sex club, of sorts, where the right cell-phone number and four simple words ("Are you free tonight?") can lead to an evening's sexual fulfillment. It's a world of "intimacy without intricacy," as Jonathan's first conquest (or vice versa) explains to him, and through The List Jonathan discovers a side of himself that he didn't know existed. But an affair with a ravishing and mysterious stranger known to Jonathan only by her first initial 'S', will expose him to yet another world he never imagined--one of betrayal, treachery and murder.
Cast and Crew
- Starring
Bette Davis, Claude Rains, Ewan McGregor, Hugh Jackman, Michelle Williams, Paul Henreid, Rachael Taylor, Maggie Q
- Directed by Marcel Langenegger, Irving Rapper
- Produced by Marjorie Shik, Henry Blanke
- Written by Mark Bomback, Jason Keller, Joseph Than
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