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Personal Savings Accounts
Investing in your future is a decision you can feel good about. From financing your child's education to planning for early retirement, it's an opportunity you can't afford to ignore. It's never too late to start saving today to have an even greater tomorrow.
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With Online Banking, you can automatically transfer funds from any CCB personal checking account into your Regular Savings.
KOALA SAVERS CLUB (learn more about our club just for kids)
- $25 minimum initial deposit
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Looking to grow your savings at a higher rate and still maintain access? A CCB Money Market account may be the right choice for you!
- $2,500 minimum opening deposit
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* A monthly service charge of $10.00 is charged if Daily Balance is not maintained
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Get the best return on investment for your money. Invest your funds in a CCB Certificate of Deposit and earn a guaranteed return. From short-term to long-term, Certificates of Deposit (CDs) are smart options to help maximize your return.
We offer a wide range of Certificates of Deposit. You tailor the certificate to fit your investment plan by selecting the maturity date and amount. You may elect to compound interest, receive your interest by check, or direct deposit to another CCB account. Please contact us for current rates. Federal regulations require a substantial penalty if funds are withdrawn before the maturity of any Certificate or Time Deposit.
Make the most of your earnings. An individual retirement account (IRA) can help you work toward a financially secure retirement. A CCB IRA allows you to build savings in a federally insured and tax-advantaged account. Deposits are insured to the maximum allowable amount by the FDIC. Start saving right away to make the most of your earnings. To learn more about our IRAs, speak with one of our Customer Service Representatives at one of our banking locations.
The Certificate of Deposit Account Registry Service® is the most convenient way for safety-conscious investors to access FDIC insurance on multi-million-dollar deposits. When you place a large deposit with a CDARS Network member, CCB uses the CDARS service to place your funds into CDs issued by other members of the CDARS Network. This occurs in increments below the standard FDIC insurance maximum ($250,000) so that both principal and interest are eligible for FDIC insurance. By working directly with just one institution, you can receive insurance coverage from many. And, you receive just one regular consolidated account statement.
The Koala Club is a special savings account that's just for kids, so it's fun, yet educational as well. In fact, it's the coolest club in town!
How Can You Join the Koala Club?
Simply stop by CCB Community Bank with an adult and say, "I'd like to be a Koala Club Saver!" An opening deposit of $25.00 and your social security card is required. Then, we'll help you with your deposit and show you how interest helps your money grow month by month.
Saving Money is Wildly Exciting
To help you track your progress, you'll receive a special Koala Club Saver statement book. Every time you make a deposit or withdrawal to your Koala Club Account, we'll help you record it in your statement book. Pretty soon, you'll discover that a small amount of money saved up a little each week or month can add up to a lot of money.
Become a Koala Club member and enjoy these Saver benefits:
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At CCB, one of our greatest strengths is our local community banking philosophy, where decisions are made quickly and loans can be approved at a moment's notice.
Whether you're planning a vacation, buying a car, purchasing a home or taking on a home improvement project, we can help find the loan that best fits your financial needs. We'll help you choose a loan with the interest rate and flexibility for your lifestyle and budget.
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At CCB Community Bank, we are concerned about the security of your financial information. Therefore, when you use your CCB Debit Card online from one of the participating registered MasterCard vendors for the first time, you will be given the option to sign up for 'MasterCard SecureCard.' The transaction will then proceed when the self-assigned password is entered.
If you would like to register now for MasterCard SecureCode CLICK HERE
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Carry the card with the security of travelers cheques and the convenience of a Visa card. And that's just the beginning of the benefits you'll enjoy. Visa TravelMoney is easy to use to make purchases worldwide and reloadable from anywhere. (Only available for CCB Customers)
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One of the people we profiled is local retired dentist Wally Brown.
Mission: Providing critical dental work, primarily tooth extractions, in impoverished villages. Areas of Operation: Mostly Nepal, though Brown has also traveled to India, Guatemala and Israel.
What he does: More than two decades ago, Wally Brown, a retired dentist and active Rotarian, teamed up with a local humanitarian group to travel into Israel and perform much-needed dental work in some of the country's poverty-stricken regions. Soon, he was traveling to Guatemala, India and Nepal, extracting hundreds of rotting teeth, toting toothbrushes and paste and teaching villagers about dental hygiene.
Ten trips later—six of which have been to the tiny Nepalese village of Okhlepani—and Brown is hooked, primarily because he needs to be. "Wherever you get electricity, you get stacks of Coke cases and cheap candy, so the dental problems are exponential," he says. "In the decade [I've been] going to Okhlepani, kids' teeth are looking worse—much worse."
Working out of a tin-roofed shelter, Brown pulls dozens of rotten teeth each hour during his weeklong visits and depends on locals to spread news to other villages that he's in town. "Even with one phone in each village, the word gets out. It's amazing. They just start coming."
Still, it's an uphill battle. Brown will work with one or two of the young adults, who typically know enough English to serve as rough translators, to educate locals about the importance of daily brushing and staying away from sugary snacks. But many rural Nepalese—and most others in Third World nations—don't follow up on prevention. "They'll go till they're swollen or infected, and then they'll have teeth taken out," he explains.
Though dentistry was Brown's career, his expeditions focus on more than just teeth. To maximize the impact of his trips, he teamed up with California-based The Wheelcair Foundation to hand out wheelchairs across Nepal. "The Rotary Club of Katmandu contacts clubs and and then arranges to distribute them 10, 20, 30 at a time," says Brown, who has brought chairs along on two trips. Brown, who retired in 2003, has yet to slate his next trip, but he anticipates he'll hop on a plane to Nepal sometime soon. "I don't know how I'll avoid it," he says, noting the missions have become a staple in his life. "But what I do is just a drop in the bucket."
By the numbers 10+ hours needed to travel approximately 80 miles into Okhlepani from Katmandu 200 approximate number of people living in the village's 18 homes 200 most number of teeth extracted in one day $1 average daily income in Okhlepani 560 wheelchairs distributed across Nepalese villages
How to help Brown works with both the Sugar House Rotary and ChoiceHUMANITARIAN out of West Jordan, both of which accept cash donations. Visit the Rotary Club of Sugar House at rotaryclubofsugarhouse.org and ChoiceHUMANITARIAN at choicehumanitarian.org/donate.

subset: commoncrawl


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UT Arlington | find
people | maps | submit
an event
As a major supporter and sponsor of the 2014 Main Street Arts Festival, UT Arlington and its Gallery 76102 is proud to present a sampling of talented works by selected faculty and students. This exhibition highlights a variety of mediums, demonstrating the high-quality and diverse art education programing offered at UT Arlington.
The Showcase will feature artists such as:
Lindsey Baker
Sophia Caballos
Rachel Herod
Kelly Ingleright-Telgenhoff
Janet Morrow
Emily Nicastro
Andrew Ortiz More information...
Office of
University Communications(for inquiries on individual
please contact the event sponsor)


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PCHS take National Merit Scholarships
Park City High School students John Rumburg and Brett Armstrong have been named Commended Students in the 2013 National Merit Scholarship Program. A Letter of Commendation from the school and the National Merit Scholarship Corporation, which conducts the program, will be presented the principal and the two high school seniors. The National Merit Scholarship Program is an academic competition for recognition and scholarships. The award recognizes Rumburg and Armstrong for topping scores in the 2011 Preliminary SAT/National Merit Scholarship Qualifying Test. Roughly 34,000 students throughout the country are being recognized for placing in the top five percent of more than 1.5 million students who took the test last year.
South Summit Blood Drive
The South Summit Interact Club will be taking blood donations on Tuesday, Oct. 9 from 11 a.m. to 4 p.m. in the small gym at the South Summit High School. Eligible donors are asked to schedule an appointment to donate blood by calling Amy Regan at 435-300-5832 or emailing email@example.com . For more information about blood donation or eligibility, call 1-800-RED-CROSS or visit redcrossblood.org.
Kids and Moms Yoga
Randi Jo of Park City-based Kids Yoga will offer a Kids & Moms Yoga class starting Wednesday, Oct. 3 and continuing through Oct. 24 every Wednesday from 10 to 11 a.


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New Century Educational Leadership Program (NCELP)
The New Century Educational Leadership Program (NCELP) provides for an alternative delivery of the Master of Education and principal certification program. The program is designed to prepare individuals for challenging and productive roles as campus-level and central office- level administrators in Texas public schools through quality educational experiences that stimulate and encourage intellectual, personal, and professional growth and a strong commitment to education and those served.
NCELP is not designed to replace or detract from the traditional certification program at Tarleton or any other university. NCELP is a collaborative administrator preparation program between Tarleton State University and public school districts in Texas. Through NCELP, interns earn a Master of Education in Educational Administration and a Principal certificate that enables the interns to accept administrative positions in Texas public schools.
The NCELP is designed for persons who have completed a baccalaureate degree or higher, who have a record of exemplary academic achievement and/or work experience, and who have demonstrated leadership qualities. Certification is earned through a combination of intensive summer coursework and monthly seminars coupled with a three semester internship with a public school. The internship is jointly sponsored and supervised by Tarleton State University and the participating school district. Interns develop professional administrative knowledge and skills through the combination of University classes and practical administrative experiences.
Degree Information
Financial Aid / Scholarships
After Admission
- The College of Education Masters Hooding ceremony will be held on Saturday, December 15, 2012 @ 9:00A (Location TBD). No tickets will be required for family/guests during the hooding ceremony.
- The commencement ceremony for the College of Education and the College of Liberal and Fine Arts graduates will be at 1:00P on Saturday, December 15, 2012, in the Wisdom Gymnasium.
Each participating graduate will be issued a maximum of 8 tickets for family/guests to attend the commencement ceremony.
- Candidates who plan on attending the ceremony can purchase their respective cap, gown, regalia, and associated items from the Campus Bookstore


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Last year, we ran a feature in our April issue called "75 Things to do with a Board Kid" (you can still buy the back issue, call us at 801-485-5100), and the Ogden Nature Center's camps stood out among the rest.
That's why we're forgoing the usual rundown of kid-friendly events (click here for our calendar) to give you the lowdown on the nature camps.
Why do we love the camp?
It's rustic with everything you love about the outdoors, but close to civilization. And they offer a family camp with all activities provided in the small fee. Think of it as a mini summer vacation.
Registration for all camps are due the week before camp, and most run in June and July, but it's first come first serve and they fill fast. Register now and save yourself a headache.
Ogden Nature Center is located at 966 W. 12th Street, Ogden. Call 801-621-7595 or visit ogdennaturecenter.org to register.
Full Week Adventures
$150 for members, $185 for non-members (ages 7–14)
Camp themes include natures mysteries, creepy crawler research, stories of Utah's past and the Ogden Nature Center's signature "kid vs. wild" camp, X-treme Eco-Expedition.
Single Day Adventures
$30 for members, $35 for non-members (ages 7–16)
Kids can spend a whole day with a wildlife scientist, growing their own groceries, finding out how the earth works or learning about threatened and extinct animals.
Fun for Fledglings
$50 per day or $70 per week for members, $18 per day or $85 per week for non-members (ages 4–6)
Younger kids learn about different types of animals in each camp, including the diggers, swimmers, crawlers, flyers and more. Or they can join the Fledgling Fire-side Adventure and roast their very first marshmallows over the camp fire.
Toddler Tracks
$12 for member parent/child pairs, $15 for non-member parent/child pairs (ages 2–3)
You and your toddler can enjoy the outdoors at the Mudpuppies, Trail Tales, Doo Wap Hop & Bop or Bugology camp. Camps have two sessions available, 9 to 11 a.m. or 1 to 3 p.m.
Family Camp
$45 for a family of four for members, $50 for a family of four for non-members. Camp runs June 27–28.
Take the whole family to camp and sing under the stars, roast s'mores, take a hike and learn about Utah's resident nocturnal creatures. Bring your own tent, sleeping bags, mess kit and picnic dinner.


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For my last class on naturalism and free will I composed some readings on Sam Harris' mistreatment of the concept of free will in American law. I already deal with the legal aspects of "free will" in some detail in Sense and Goodness without God (III.4.5, pp. 109-14), and really any discussion of the subject here must begin there (where I cite and explain key Supreme Court rulings as well as standard concepts like the criteria of guilt and the insanity defense, things the public often gets wrong because they think TV legal dramas accurately portray them). I also cover the whole free will debate generally (in the whole of section III.4, pp. 97-118), and explain the reasons compatibilism provides a more fruitful understanding of free will than any alternative. (I have also blogged on free will several times before.)
But to supplement all that, I'm here reproducing one of those course readings I composed, where I address cases not mentioned in SaG (United States v. Grayson – 438 U.S. 41 (1978) and Morissette v. United States – 342 U.S. 246 (1952)) as well as a legal concept also not mentioned there, "Battered Woman Syndrome" (as a legal defense), which supplements my discussion of the insanity defense in SaG. All of this was compiled in response to Sam Harris' (IMO awful) book Free Will. I have a lot of problems with that book. But here I'll be addressing only one claim in it. (For those who are curious, much better books recently on free will, though still flawed, are Gazzaniga's Who's in Charge? and Kane's A Contemporary Introduction to Free Will.)
The Claim
In Free Will Sam Harris says:
The U.S. Supreme Court has called free will a "universal and persistent" foundation for our system of law, distinct from "a deterministic view of human conduct that is inconsistent with the underlying precepts of our criminal justice system" (United States v. Grayson, 1978). Any intellectual developments that threatened free will would [therefore] seem to put the ethics of punishing people for their bad behavior in question. [Harris, p. 47]
Harris here and throughout assumes the American legal system adopts a "libertarian" understanding of free will (meaning: a will free from all causation, not a will that votes Libertarian). In fact, as I demonstrate in SaG, the American legal system adopts a compatibilist understanding of free will (meaning: a will that can be both causally determined and relevantly free). To understand how Harris has misread the legal evidence, we must examine the actual court decisions he is quoting and citing. We'll find his quotation in this case is misleading in several respects.
United States v. Grayson
In Grayson the dispute adjudicated was as follows: a man (Grayson) was convicted and imprisoned for drug possession, escaped, was caught, and when tried for the crime of unlawful escape, lied on the stand. The judge gave him a harsh sentence, partly due to the fact that he lied during the trial. The defense challenged that sentence on various grounds, among those grounds being that Grayson had not been duly convicted of perjury. A lower court ruled for the defense. The Supreme Court then overturned that decision. The higher court concluded as follows (citations now omitted and emphasis added):
A sentencing judge, in fixing the sentence of a defendant within statutory limits, may consider the defendant's false testimony observed by the judge during the trial.
- (a) A defendant's truthfulness or mendacity while testifying on his own behalf is probative of his attitudes toward society and prospects for rehabilitation, and is thus a relevant factor in the sentencing process.
- (b) Taking into account a defendant's false testimony does not constitute punishment for the crime of perjury for which the defendant has not been indicted, tried, or convicted by due process; rather, it is an attempt rationally to exercise judicial discretion by evaluating the defendant's personality and prospects for rehabilitation. To the extent that a sentencing judge is precluded from relying on relevant information concerning "every aspect of a defendant's life," the effort to appraise character degenerates into a game of chance.
- (c) Judicial consideration of the defendant's conduct during trial does not impermissibly "chill" his constitutional right to testify in his own behalf, for the right guaranteed to a defendant is the right to testify truthfully in accordance with his oath. A sentencing judge, however, is not required automatically to enhance the sentence of a defendant who falsely testifies, but, rather, the judge is authorized, where he determines that the testimony is willfully and materially false, to assess the defendant's rehabilitation prospects in light of that and all the other knowledge gained about the defendant. [Grayson, p. 41]
This is the context of the decision Harris quotes. In the course of providing the reasoning and basis for this ruling, the court said (here the quoted portion in Harris is presented in bold):
Only one Circuit has directly rejected the probative value of the defendant's false testimony in his own defense. In Scott v. United States, 135 U.S. … (1969), the court argued that:
The peculiar pressures placed upon a defendant threatened with jail and the stigma of conviction make his willingness to deny the crime an unpromising test of his prospects for rehabilitation if guilty. It is indeed unlikely that many men who commit serious offenses would balk on principle from lying in their own defense. The guilty man may quite sincerely repent his crime, but yet, driven by the urge to remain free, may protest his innocence in a court of law.
… [This] rationale rests not only on the realism of the psychological pressures on a defendant in the dock—which we can grant—but also on a deterministic view of human conduct that is inconsistent with the underlying precepts of our criminal justice system. A "universal and persistent" foundation stone in our system of law, and particularly in our approach to punishment, sentencing, and incarceration, is the "belief in freedom of the human will and a consequent ability and duty of the normal individual to choose between good and evil" [Morissette v. United States, 342 U. S. 246, 342 U. S. 250 (1952). See also Blocker v. United States etc.]. Given that long-accepted view of the "ability and duty of the normal individual to choose," we must conclude that the defendant's readiness to lie under oath—especially when, as here, the trial court finds the lie to be flagrant—may be deemed probative of his prospects for rehabilitation. [Grayson, p. 51]
Notice that the context does not support Harris. He picks the single word "deterministic" and assumes what the court meant was the philosophical doctrine of determinism (wherein all outcomes are determined by prior causes), when in fact, from the context, it is clear that what the court meant was a doctrine that denies the entire ability of human beings to make choices—a view philosophers in fact call fatalism. Yet Harris agrees that fatalism is false (see Harris, p. 33).
Accordingly, the Supreme Court in the Grayson case Harris quotes is actually defending a compatibilist view of free will, as against a fatalist view of human nature, not a determinist view of human nature (the court can be excused for not knowing such specifics of esoteric philosophical terminology; Harris can perhaps be less excused for not paying better attention to the context and nuance of what he is quoting). The very paragraph Harris quotes in fact defines free will as the "ability and duty of the normal individual to choose between good and evil," and not as the power to overcome all causes operating on a choice.
The Court does assume in this passage that a man in Grayson's condition (i.e., a defendant legally considered to be in his right mind, etc.) can overcome one causal force operating on him: his fear of the consequences of telling the truth (namely, getting a sentence extension for his escape attempt, the consequence Grayson was attempting to avoid with his lies). But at no point does Harris ever demonstrate that anyone lacks that power. Quite obviously human beings have the power of overcoming such fears, and routinely do. No violation of causal determinism is necessary for that.
Indeed, the Court sensibly observed that if we allowed that no human beings can overcome the fear of what will happen from telling the truth, then no one could ever be expected to tell the truth or ever be held accountable for not telling to truth. Any social system that adhered to such a fatalistic notion of human nature would unravel into dysfunctional chaos. Harris would surely agree with the Court's ruling; human behavior is not so robotic that it does not even involve human choice and (as a result) truthtelling in the face of negative consequences is impossible. Therefore, Harris cannot validly use this Court's ruling as evidence of a concept of libertarian free will being employed in American law.
Instead, the Court's ruling is regarding the "probative value" of Grayson's lying with respect to his sentencing, in particular the way in which his lying informs the Court about his character (his "attitudes toward society") and what that entails regarding his "prospects for rehabilitation." Indeed, the Court specifically said that if a person's character does not cause their behavior, then no Court (and by extension, no one at all) could ever evaluate the quality of anyone's character by reference to their behavior. Behavior would then be completely disconnected from any predictable attributes of the person, and evaluating their character would become "a game of chance." Again, it is such fatalistic absurdity that the Court is rejecting, and again Harris would be forced to agree with the Court on this.
To the contrary, the purpose of moral and legal judgment, this Court affirms, is to "appraise character" and "evaluate the defendant's personality and prospects for rehabilitation," and to do so anything the defendant does willfully (i.e. knowingly and intentionally) is evidence pertaining to the defendant's character, personality, and prospects for rehabilitation. And it is evidence precisely because of causal determinism. The character of the defendant causes their choice. And it is the character of the defendant the court needs to judge. Not whether they are free of causality.
For if determinism were false, there would cease to be any reliable causal connection between what a defendant willfully does and his or her character, personality, and prospects for rehabilitation. Actions would no longer be evidence of intent. Thus, legal and moral judgment in matters of praise and blame require causal determinism, to ensure that what one does evinces what one thinks (about others, about society, about right and wrong, about telling the truth and telling lies, about behaving well or poorly, and so on).
Since we want to promote telling the truth and suppress lying, one who cannot overcome their fear of the consequences of telling the truth when under oath is rightly judged a person of unreliable character with poorer prospects of rehabilitation and a disrespect of the minimal requirements of living in a society. And that is exactly what this Court ruled. Note that that ruling at no point requires rejecting causal determinism. To the contrary, it embraces causal determinism.
Morissette v. United States
Note that where the Grayson decision defines free will (the very part Harris conspicuously doesn't quote) it quotes a previous decision, that of Morissette v. United States from 1952. So we need to look at the full context of that remark. There, the matter being adjudicated was the claim, upheld by a lower court, that "intent" should be disregarded in deciding a defendant's guilt when intent is not specifically mentioned in the statute. That ruling was overturned by the higher court, on grounds that directly lead to the quoted remark in the Grayson case.
In the Morissette case, a man (Morissette) was convicted of "stealing" scrap metal abandoned on federal land, but without the prosecution having proven intent. The defense argued that the prosecution should have been required to prove intent (in this case, that meant proving that Morissette knew he was stealing when he collected the scrap metal, rather than simply salvaging abandoned material). A lower court ruled for the prosecution. But the Supreme Court ruled for the defense. The summary of its decision was as follows (citations now omitted):
(1) A criminal intent is an essential element of an offense under 18 U.S.C. § 641 [the law Morissette was convicted of breaking], which provides that "whoever embezzles, steals, purloins, or knowingly converts" property of the United States is punishable by fine and imprisonment.
- (a) Mere omission from § 641 of any mention of intent is not to be construed as eliminating that element from the crimes defined.
- (b) The history and purposes of § 641 afford no ground for inferring any affirmative instruction from Congress to eliminate intent from the offense of "knowingly converting" or stealing government property.
(2) Where intent of the accused is an ingredient of the crime charged, its existence is a question of fact which must be submitted to the jury for determination in the light of all relevant evidence, and the trial court may not withdraw or prejudge the issue by instructing the jury that the law raises a presumption of intent from a single act. [Morissette, p. 246]
The decision does discuss "statutory" offenses and "strict liability" where statutes specifically rule out considerations of intent, but where such specific statements are omitted, intent is always to be considered an essential component of guilt for any crime. In short, in such cases, if someone didn't know that they were committing a crime, they cannot be held responsible for doing so, because there was no intent (there is no mens rea, to use the law school parlance). Thus, the purpose of most criminal statutes (and by extension, I would argue, most acts of moral judgment even outside the legal system) is to regulate bad intentions, not bad actions per se. It is thus intending to do harm that you are held accountable for, not merely doing harm (except in certain specific kinds of cases, which the Court also discusses).
The context in which free will comes to be defined is as follows (citations now omitted and emphasis added):
In those cases, this Court did construe mere omission from a criminal enactment of any mention of criminal intent as dispensing with it. If they be deemed precedents for principles of construction generally applicable to federal penal statutes, they [would] authorize this conviction. [However], such adoption of the literal reasoning announced in those cases would do this and more—it would sweep out of all federal crimes, except when expressly preserved, the ancient requirement of a culpable state of mind. We think a resume of [the] historical background [of those other kinds of laws] is convincing that an effect has been ascribed to them more comprehensive than was contemplated and one inconsistent with our philosophy of criminal law.
The contention that an injury can amount to a crime only when inflicted by intention is no provincial or transient notion. It is as universal and persistent in mature systems of law as belief in freedom of the human will and a consequent ability and duty of the normal individual to choose between good and evil. [Here in Footnote 4 is quoted a history of English law that declares, "Historically, our substantive criminal law is based upon a theory of punishing the vicious will. It postulates a free agent confronted with a choice between doing right and doing wrong and choosing freely to do wrong."]
A relation between some mental element and punishment for a harmful act is almost as instinctive as the child's familiar exculpatory "But I didn't mean to," and has afforded the rational basis for a tardy and unfinished substitution of deterrence and reformation in place of retaliation and vengeance as the motivation for public prosecution. [Here in Footnote 5 is quoted a prior Supreme Court decision that declared, "Retribution is no longer the dominant objective of the criminal law. Reformation and rehabilitation of offenders have become important goals of criminal jurisprudence" and ". . . a prevalent modern philosophy of penology [is now] that the punishment should fit the offender and not merely the crime."]
Unqualified acceptance of this doctrine by English common law in the Eighteenth Century was indicated by Blackstone's sweeping statement that to constitute any crime there must first be a "vicious will." [Citation in their Footnote 6] Common law commentators of the Nineteenth Century early pronounced the same principle, [citations in their Footnote 7] although a few exceptions not relevant to our present problem came to be recognized. [Those exceptions are mentioned in their Footnote 8]
Crime, as a compound concept, generally constituted only from concurrence of an evil-meaning mind with an evil-doing hand, was congenial to an intense individualism and took deep and early root in American soil. [Here in Footnote 9 they quote a legal textbook making the pithy remark, "Even a dog distinguishes between being stumbled over and being kicked."] As the state codified the common law of crimes, even if their enactments were silent on the subject, their courts assumed that the omission did not signify disapproval of the principle, but merely recognized that intent was so inherent in the idea of the offense that it required no statutory affirmation. Courts, with little hesitation or division, found an implication of the requirement as to offenses that were taken over from the common law. [Example given in their Footnote 10]
The unanimity with which [courts] adhered to the central thought that wrongdoing must be conscious to be criminal is emphasized by the variety, disparity and confusion of their definitions of the requisite but elusive mental element. However, courts of various jurisdictions, and for the purposes of different offenses, have devised working formulae, if not scientific ones, for the instruction of juries around such terms as "felonious intent," "criminal intent," "malice aforethought," "guilty knowledge," "fraudulent intent," "willfulness," "scienter," to denote guilty knowledge, or "mens rea," to signify an evil purpose or mental culpability. By use or combination of these various tokens, they have sought to protect those who were not blameworthy in mind from conviction of infamous common law crimes. [Morissette, p. 250-52]
So here their definition of free will is very carefully and explicitly framed in terms such that denying the relevance of free will in establishing guilt "would sweep out of all federal crimes…the ancient requirement of a culpable state of mind." They are therefore, yet again, arguing not against causal determinism as Harris assumes, but a fatalism in which intent is no longer the cause of criminal behavior nor what we seek to regulate with laws. Another conclusion Harris must surely agree with.
Here, "freely" choosing does not mean free of causal determinism, but free of exonerating circumstances (such as duress, necessity, involuntary action, ignorance, or insanity). As the court in fact goes on to say in a footnote:
Absence of intent also involves such considerations as lack of understanding because of insanity, subnormal mentality, or infancy, lack of volition due to some actual compulsion, or that inferred from doctrines of coverture [i.e. being in a state of legal guardianship]. Most extensive inroads upon the requirement of intention, however, are offenses of negligence, such as involuntary manslaughter or criminal negligence and the whole range of crimes arising from omission of duty. [n. 8]
Yet even in those latter cases, one must prove that the accused reasonably should have known the duty they are neglecting stands upon them. Thus intent remains even there. True exceptions, the same note says, are statutory offenses, such as statutory rape where the accused could have no reasonable knowledge of the age of a sexual partner yet is convicted anyway (one might question the moral legitimacy of that, but it wasn't the issue decided by the Court in this case).
Accordingly, in this case the Supreme Court concluded the following regarding the prosecution's claim that intent was not necessary for guilt:
The Government asks us by a feat of construction radically to change the weights and balances in the scales of justice. The purpose and obvious effect of doing away with the requirement of a guilty intent is to ease the prosecution's path to conviction, to strip the defendant of such benefit as he derived at common law from innocence of evil purpose, and to circumscribe the freedom heretofore allowed juries. Such a manifest impairment of the immunities of the individual should not be extended to common law crimes on judicial initiative.
[…And for that and various other reasons] we hold that mere omission from [a statute] of any mention of intent will not be construed as eliminating that element from the crimes denounced. [And accordingly…] the law under some circumstances recognizes good faith or blameless intent as a defense, partial defense, or as an element to be considered in mitigation of punishment. [Even] treason–the one crime deemed grave enough for definition in our Constitution itself–requires not only the duly witnessed overt act of aid and comfort to the enemy but also the mental element of disloyalty or adherence to the enemy. [Morissette, p. 263]
The conclusion is therefore quite clear. The Supreme Court rejected (and even deemed well-settled as almost universally rejected) such contra-causal/libertarian-free-will notions as retributive and retaliative justice (i.e. vengeance) as purposes of assigning guilt and instead upheld the distinctly compatibilist purposes for assigning guilt: the deterrence and reform of those of vicious will.
Key to this construction, in fact, is a compatibilist notion of free will: not only do deterrence and reform imply an assumption causal determinism (because in this scheme judging the guilty must be believed to have causal effects on people: to cause them to refrain from crime, or to cause them to change their ways), but more clearly than that, by explicitly linking the concepts of "free will" and "freedom of the will" to the requirement of establishing intent to prove guilt, the U.S. Supreme Court (and all its cited legal experts and precedents) is making clear that a will is free precisely when it results in a decision that can be causally construed as evidence of intent, and is not free precisely when it results in a decision that cannot be construed as evidence of intent.
This is why a claim of duress, for example, exonerates the guilty: even though someone who has a gun to their head can certainly choose to be killed rather than do what they are being commanded at gunpoint to do, courts universally recognize that such actions cannot be evidence of a defendant's vicious will, since they can only be evidence of a defendant's wish not to be killed by the one holding the gun—the vicious will in that case is that of the one holding the gun, and they are held accountable for what results. Their will is in that case being substituted for the defendant's, therefore the defendant's actions are not evidence of the defendant's criminal intent, but the criminal intent of the one coercing them.
Similarly, insanity and other defenses that exonerate the guilty all have as their defining component a presumption that, if that condition did indeed obtain, then what the defendant did cannot be considered evidence that they have a vicious will (mens rea) and therefore cannot be used as grounds to punish them for having a vicious will [thus even diagnosed psychopathy never produces a valid insanity defense, and schizophrenia does only if, for example, the psychotic hallucinations it produces tricked someone into doing something bad without knowing it was wrong, a key point to understand in the next section].
The fact that the Supreme Court declares the punishing of a vicious will (and not the mere doing of harm) as the function of the law entails embracing a compatibilist notion of free will, whereby what makes a will free is not a will being free of causation, but a will being free of interference, such that what a person chooses to do can be held as evidence of what their true will was.
And I would argue this is likewise the function of most moral judgments generally. This is what we mean by accountability and responsibility, and this is the purpose of praise and blame: to cause people's intentions to align with what is necessary for a civil and functional society, through the causal mechanisms of either deterrence, persuasion, restraint, or reform–and to communicate to others evidence of a person's character.
Laws and morality, therefore, serve the dual function of identifying and evaluating people's characters and intentions, and in turn regulating them (to whatever end is deemed the proper end of law and morality, which is a separate debate beyond the scope of the present point). And in law we use such terms as "free will" and "freedom of the will" and "free choice" and "freedom of choice" etc. as tools for determining when one's will is and is not evidence of their character and intentions.
Battered Woman Syndrome as a Legal Defense
Illustrating these points is the use of BWS as a defense at law. For a handy introduction to the idea, see "Criminal Prosecution of Battered Native Women for Failure to Protect" (a 2005 Joint Report of the Southwest Center for Law and Policy and Office on Violence Against Women, U.S. Department of Justice), because it provides a good working case for discussing boundaries, it covers various kinds of affirmative defense, including "duress," and it illustrates the kind of reasoning we engage in when connecting freedom of the will to identifying injustice in the legal system. Another resource on this issue, which discusses the creation of a "Battered Woman's Syndrome" defense in law and some of the legal battles and principles relating to its implementation, is Scott Baker, "Deaf Justice? Battered Women Unjustly Imprisoned Prior to the Enactment of Evidence Code Section 1107," Golden Gate University Law Review 24.1 (1994), pp. 99-130 [full text here as a somewhat clunky PDF].
The term of course is outdated. Gender neutral versions of the concept (e.g., "Battered Person Syndrome") have since begun entering the law, in some cases by statute, in others by judicial ruling; for recent and more thorough discussion, see the kindle book by Brenda Russell, Battered Woman Syndrome as a Legal Defense: History, Effectiveness and Implications (2010). But here I shall quote for analysis the relevant section of Baker (citations now omitted and some emphasis added):
"Learned helplessness" occurs when the battered woman cannot predict her own safety because regardless of her conduct she is faced with the batterer's random and unpredictable abusive behavior. Although a battered woman does not necessarily learn to be helpless, she often discovers that she is unable to predict the effect her behavior will have. "Learned helplessness" causes a person to choose "behavioral responses which will have the highest predictability of an effect within the known, or familiar, situation; they avoid responses—like escape, for instance—that launch them into the unknown." [p. 104]
Under the California Penal Code, the classification for a homicide committed in self-defense is a justifiable homicide, as opposed to an excusable homicide. Excuses for homicide include accident, misfortune, sufficient provocation, insanity, and provocation, and a genuine, but unreasonable, belief in the need for self-defense. Justification declares the allegedly criminal act legal, while excuse admits the act's criminality but declares the allegedly criminal actor not to blame.
Two types of self-defense exist in California: perfect self-defense and imperfect self-defense. Perfect self-defense requires both subjective honesty and objective reasonableness, and completely exonerates the accused. Subjective honesty evaluates the defendant's state of mind. Objective reasonableness questions whether a reasonable person would have believed and acted as the defendant did. Imperfect self-defense requires only subjective honesty and negates malice aforethought, reducing the homicide to voluntary manslaughter. Both perfect and imperfect self-defense require an honest belief that the killer is in imminent danger of death or great bodily injury from the victim.
BWS [i.e. Battered Woman's Syndrome] expert testimony is useful in the defense of battered women accused of killing their abusive spouses because it can explain why a particular battered woman subjectively believed that her self-defense was necessary. Because BWS can illustrate why a particular battered woman had an honest belief of imminent danger, it should be used in the objective reasonableness test to show why a battered woman believed and acted as she did.
In [the] Aris [case], the defendant, a battered woman, appealed a second degree murder conviction because the trial court excluded BWS expert testimony which would have revealed that BWS affected her mental condition at the time of the killing. On the night of the killing, Brenda Aris' abusive husband beat her and threatened that he did not think he would let her live until the next morning. When her husband fell asleep she went next door for some ice for her injuries. She found a gun and took it for protection. She thought that when she returned home she would again be beaten. Aris went to the bedroom, sat on the bed, and shot her sleeping husband five times in the back.
In Aris, the court held that expert BWS testimony about a defendant's state of mind was not relevant to the objective reasonableness of the defendant's actions in self-defense. The court found that the defendant presented no substantial evidence that a reasonable person under the same circumstances would have perceived an imminent danger and a need to kill in self-defense. The court believed no reasonable jury could conclude that a sleeping victim presents an imminent danger of great bodily harm, especially when the defendant left the bedroom and subsequently returned to shoot the victim. Nevertheless, the court also held that it was error not to permit an expert to testify about the defendant's particular experiences as a battered woman and its effect on her perceptions of danger, its imminence, and what actions were necessary to protect herself. The court found that the error was harmless because Aris' own testimony showed that there was nothing in the victim's behavior indicating the existence of imminent danger.
Relying on the expert testimony of Dr. Lenore E. Walker, the court stated that a woman who has been battered and then threatened with more abuse is more likely to perceive the danger involved faster than one who has not been abused. The court found that a battered woman accurately senses when an abusive episode is not yet over. However, the court cautioned that the jury may misuse BWS evidence to establish the reasonableness requirement for perfect self-defense. Upon request by the prosecution, the judge should instruct the jury that self-defense testimony is relevant only to prove the honest belief requirement for both perfect and imperfect self-defense, not to prove the reasonableness requirement for perfect self-defense.
Two years after Aris was decided, another court held that failure to present evidence of BWS constituted ineffective assistance of counsel. In People v. Day … the prosecution used many of the stereotypes and commonly held misconceptions about battered women, such as the stereotype and misconception that battered women can easily leave their batterers. The prosecution used this basic misconception to challenge the defendant's credibility before the jury by asking the question, "why did she not simply leave?" In fact, the defense counsel characterized the defendant's relationship with her batterer as "mutual combat." The misconception about battered women is that they all behave in the same way and if a woman dares to fight back she removes herself from the category of women for whom BWS is available as a defense.
On appeal, a psychologist and authority on BWS submitted an affidavit supporting appellant's motion for a new trial. The affidavit dispelled many myths associated with BWS which were used by the prosecution to question defendant's credibility during the trial. The affidavit established that battered women do employ active self-defense as a strategy. The court held that evidence explaining BWS informs the jury that how they think the average reasonable person would behave and how the jury thinks they personally would behave are not necessarily the same way that people who have been battered in fact behave.
The court understood that when deciding a case where a battered woman kills her batterer, the jury will ask "what would I do in that situation?" Most people who are unaware of BWS would naturally answer this question, "I would just leave." BWS testimony helps explain why the battered woman does not leave and helps a jury understand the psychological effects battering has on a battered woman. BWS theory explains how a battered woman can accurately sense that danger still exists and why her subjectively honest belief is that she must act to save her life.
Here two distinctions are being made relevant: (1) it is not argued that just any causal factor that influences a battered woman's decision to kill her batterer is exonerating (as if she were to be excused simply because she was causally determined to act), but rather that a certain sustained and systematic environment of abuse substantially alters a battered woman's state of mind in such a way that it no longer reasons as ordinary minds would (hence the jury is to be instructed not to judge by the standard of what they would do in the circumstance, but by the standard of what a woman forced into that particular mental state can reasonably be expected to do in the circumstance) and (2) this is exonerating solely because it removes the causal conditions that would otherwise entail a "vicious will."
In other words, a woman in such conditions is not acting with mens rea, but in reasonable fear of her life, "reasonable" in this case being measured by the standards of her altered mental state, an altered mental state only persons who have been victimized by sustained abuse will find themselves in. Accordingly, this is a defense limited to a specific set of causal circumstances. Why is this set of causes exonerating and not others? Because what exonerates a will from blame under the law is evidence that the otherwise-criminal act (actus reus) was not produced by a criminal intent (mens rea) but by an intent recognized as morally or legally or socially acceptable.
Therefore, the issue in cases like this is not that causal determinism exonerates agents from blame, but that decisions that do not evince a criminal mind exonerate agents from blame. Free will in this case is a will that exhibits a sound connection between the action and its intent, as opposed to a will that does not. For example, a coerced will is where the coerced's will is being replaced by the coercer's will; the action the coerced takes therefore does not indicate a criminal mind in the coerced, only in the coercer. Or an insane will, where, for example, the insane's will is being replaced by an altered will that is making decisions based on a delusion that was not itself willfully chosen, such that within the context of that unavoidable delusion, the actor's decision makes sense and is not criminal. As, for example, killing someone in a delusional state whereby you genuinely believed they were trying to kill you: such an act does not evince a vicious will and therefore is not found guilty. Causation is not the issue here. The link between a choice made and the chooser's intent (and hence their character, personality, "attitude toward society," and so on) is the issue. This is what makes American law intrinsically compatibilist in respect to free will.
In the case of BWS, we are in a circumstance similar to an insanity defense, whereby a battered woman delusionally believes her life is in more immanent danger than it objectively is (e.g. by believing that fleeing would ultimately result in her death and staying would ultimately result in her death, leaving no perceived alternative). Thus, BWS does not provide what California law calls a "perfect" self-defense (which requires objective reality to match subjective belief; objectively, a battered woman can just leave). But it does provide an "imperfect" self-defense, by establishing the act was not the product of criminal intent (or to be more precise, under American law, by establishing that the act cannot be proved beyond a reasonable doubt to be the product of criminal intent).
There are other aspects of BWS and its relation to free will (legally and morally), even beyond those discussed in the Joint Report. But in all cases it reduces to the same set of analyses. Overall, BWS is similar to being in a state of slavery as defined in United States v. Kozminski (the case I discussed in Sense and Goodness without God, pp. 111-13): chains and bars are not necessary, all that is necessary is the legitimate cognitive fear that escape is impossible or too dangerous to attempt (regardless of whether it objectively is). And altered mental states can create such a legitimate cognitive fear. Thus, we recognize that fact in law, and generally in moral judgment as well.
In this and many other ways we can see that the American legal system predominately adopts a compatibilist understanding of free will, and even helps us understand just what a "free will" really and meaningfully is, both legally and morally. And it is not "being free of all possible causation." Sam Harris, along with Christians obsessed with contra-causal free will, are simply wrong about that.


text:
Hi, StartUp Menu is our interface with NXJ VM. I have several ideas to evolve this interface:
+ Option to format NXT file system
+ Option to launch a program when NXT brick starts. The main purpose of NXT is to execute a NXJ program to control a robot then is a good idea to jump standard menu
+ Recode Start up menu using LCDUI library


text:
Access and Compliance
Course Summary
Next step..
In this course you learned to:
Define key concepts and terms associated with handling administrative data.
Define your responsibilities for accessing and handling administrative data.
Locate best practices for protecting data.
Access University policies and relevant laws governing the use of data.
Identify access and compliance resources.
To stay abreast of access and compliance changes, you need to:
Review this course on an annual basis.
Refer to the resources in the
Handling Student, Employee, and Patient Information
quick reference sheet.
View all of the
documentation and website links
referenced in this course.


text:
No. 13 Mens Water Polo Extends Win Streak to Six, Tops George Washington
The No. 13 Princeton men's water polo team extended its winning ways with a 9-5 victory over George Washington Sunday afternoon in Washington, D.C. The victory improves the Tigers to 6-0, 3-0 Southern after the second weekend of play in 2013.
Utilizing its veteran goalie tandem of Ben Dearborn and Alex Gow, Princeton's defensive line was superb in limiting the Colonial offense. Dearborn started and earned the victory, tallying five saves and an assist in the first and third quarters. Gow made 10 saves and a steal in the second and fourth quarters.
Jovan Jeremic led the first half offense with three goals, as the Tigers took a 6-4 lead over the opening quarters.
Princeton shutout GW in the third with Dearborn stopping both shots on frame, while the offense capitalized three times behind a pair of Thomas Nelson goals and a strike from Kurt Buchbinder.
Nelson had three goals, three steals and an assist.
The Colonial offense attempted a fourth quarter comeback, but Gow stopped six of their seven shots on goal to preserve Princeton's advantage.
Princeton remains on the road, heading out on a seven-game trip to Southern California from Sept. 27-29.
No. 13 Princeton: 5 – 1 – 3 – 0 – 9
George Washington: 3 – 1 – 0 – 1 – 5
Goals: Nelson 3, Butler 1, Hoffenberg 2, Jeremic 3
Assists: Nelson 1, Fink 1, Kuprenas 1, Dearborn 1
Steals: Nelson 3, Wachtell 1, Butler 1, Hoffenberg 1, Buchbinder 1, Jeremic 2, Kuprenas 4, Gow 1
Saves: Dearborn (16:00) 5, Gow (16:00) 10


text:
PCGS grade. Ex. Atwater; Mehl (1946) Sold by David Akers Numismatics Oct '97 Price realized $16500. Pedigreed 7/18/06.
Ron Guth: The 1844-O Half Dime has the third lowest mintage of any date/mintmark combination of Half Dimes in the 1840's. It is difficult to locate an 1844-O Half Dime in any grade, but especially so in Mint State. The few examples that are known in Uncirculated condition are most often found in MS62. The finest example is a single PCGS MS65, which is unusual because virtually every other date has examples in MS66 to MS68.
Many examples show weakness on the high points, often on the leaves of the wreath on the reverse. A weak strike is typical of most coins that came out of tne New Orleans mint, but the Half Dimes, because they are struck with a small die, are usually struck better than larger denominations.


text:
How do I apply?
You will need to complete an International Student Application and submit the application with the supporting documents listed in the checklist. Please refer to our Application Checklist and follow the steps.
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After you submit a complete application and all the admission requirements, your application will be evaluated and an admission decision will be made. You will be notified by email of our admission decision within 10 business days.
Note: An admission decision will not be made until your application and all admission requirements are submitted.
When will I get my I-20?
Once you have completed the application and are accepted to PCC, International Admissions will send you an email to confirm your acceptance. Your admissions documents will be mailed to you using the method that you have chosen. The admission packet will include your acceptance letter, Form I-20, and visa information.
What are the application deadlines?
The Application Deadlines are as follows:
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May 1st
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Is orientation mandatory for international students?
Yes, all international students must participate in orientation events. Please follow the schedule provided with your acceptance letter.
What is the estimation of one academic year expenses?
Enrollment fee
per unit
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per unit
Health Insurance Policy
per semester (coverage for 6 months)
Capital Outlay Fee
per unit
Student Health Fee
per semester
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per semester
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* Tuition and fees subject to change without prior notice
All F1 International Students must make full payment no later than the Friday before the first day of classes.
Can I get financial assistance/scholarships to help pay my bills?
International Students do not qualify for financial aid. There are a few small scholarships available after you have completed a minimum of one year full-time study with above-average grades. The average scholarship awarded is between $250 to $500 dollars. Many international students have been awarded scholarships.
Do I need to take the TOEFL or any other English test before I apply?
Yes, all prospective international students are required to submit Proof of English proficiency. For the TOEFL, IELTS, iTEP, and STEP students must submit a score that is no older than two years old. For the TOEFL, paper-based test must have a minimum score of 450. The interned-based test must have a minimum score of 45. PCC accepts other forms of English proficiency.
I provided English proficiency when I applied, can I use that score instead of taking the placement test?
All new students, international and domestic, are required to take the placement tests for English and math. Even if you have taken TOEFL, IELTS, highest level of ESL, etc., you still need to take PCC placement test to determine your eligibility to enroll in specific math and English courses. The placement test compares your skills to those of other students who study at PCC. TOEFL, IELTS, highest level of ESL, etc. scores will not be used as academic placement at PCC. Placement will be determined by your score on PCC's placement test, given after arrival on campus.
I'm under the age of 18, but I want to study at PCC. Can I still apply?
The International Student Center accepts students as long as they are 16 years old at the start of classes and have graduated high school. All minors must submit proof of high school completion at the time of applying to the college. Applicants will not receive a PCC I-20 until proof of high school completion has been submitted. If a student is under the age of 16 but has graduated from high school, they will need to wait until they have reached the required age to apply. Minor students should refer to the Guidelines for Applicants Under 18 years old.
What is a DSO?
DSO stands for designated school official. A DSO is responsible for reporting and updating information to the U.S. Citizenship and Immigration Service (USCIS) about the F-1 student's situation.
When should I arrive at Pasadena City College?
In general, we encourage newly admitted students to arrive at PCC at least one month prior to the beginning of the semester they have been admitted to. Newly admitted students will need to participate in new student events that may last a few weeks. Students are required to follow the schedule provided at the time of admission.
Do you have an Intensive ESL Program?
At this time, Pasadena City College does not have an intensive English Language Program. We're currently developing the program and hope to have it up and running for future students in the next few years. All prospective international students are required to submit Proof of English proficiency.
Is there housing on campus?
Pasadena does not offer on-campus housing, however the Student Affairs Office (CC105) and bulletin boards around campus post notices for roommates and rooms for rent in the local community. Private apartment living is an option for students who want their own space. Many of our students rent an apartment for six-months to a year at a time often with a roommate or two. It is the responsibility of the student to make their own living arrangements, but the ISC has housing information for students.
Do you have student clubs or organizations?
Yes. There are over 75 clubs and organizations on campus. Please visit http://as.pasadena.edu/clubs/ for information on how to get involved.
How do I maintain my F-1 status?
Do I have to go to school full-time?
Yes. The United States immigration law requires all F-1 students to enroll in 12 units every Spring & Fall semester.
How many classes can I miss?
A student may be dropped from a course or receive a grade of "F" for not attending classes. Students must attend ALL class meetings during the first 2 weeks of the term otherwise they risk being dropped from the class. Students should never miss class unless they have approval from the instructor beforehand, or it is an emergency and they notify the instructor via email of their absence.
What happens if the instructor drops me from courses or I drop my courses and fall below 12 units?
By immigration law you must pursue a "full course of study." This means you need to be enrolled in 12 units to keep your status as an F-1 student. Under certain circumstances, your instructor may withdraw (W) you from class. If this results in you being below 12 units, this will affect your F-1 status. You will lose your status as an F-1 student if you remain below 12 units. Always consult with an academic counselor and the ISC before dropping below 12 units.
Can an international student work?
International students may work part-time on campus if you have maintained a GPA of 2.5 or above and have completed at least one semester at PCC. There are a limited number of jobs on campus. The money earned from a part-time job on campus should not be considered a major source of your funding for your tuition and living expenses. Remember, one of your admission requirements was to submit a financial statement showing that you have $20,000 USD or more for your tuition and living expenses per year. For authorization to work off campus, CPT, OPT, or employment based on economic hardship must be granted. For more information, contact the ISC.
If I lose my F-1 status, what do I need to do?
Contact the ISC immediately to determine the best course for you.
Can I transfer my college credit from my home country toward my degree plan at PCC?
You may be able to use your credits from another country. However, you are required to have your foreign transcripts evaluated by one of the 3 approved evaluation agencies. Once we receive the official evaluation results and you have completed 15 units at PCC, PCC evaluators will complete a second evaluation for graduation credits. For those students who are planning to transfer to the university, please see a counselor before applying for your transcript to be evaluated. Most universities have their own evaluators who evaluate foreign transcripts. Transcript evaluation is not necessary if you are transferring to a university.
Will my work at Pasadena City College transfer to a university?
PCC is an accredited college and part of the California Community College system. We offer the freshman and sophomore levels of college and university work. Our college-level classes transfer to the university, allowing students to enter at the junior level if they complete our program for transfer. We also offer ESL classes which prepare students to enter colÂlege-level classes.
Will you help me transfer when I'm ready?
Pasadena City College has a Transfer Center with information on colleges and universities throughout the United States. Recruiters from many of these schools visit our campus each semester. The Transfer Center can assist with college applications, and transfer requirements.
What do I do if my passport is going to expire?
All F-1 visa students must have a valid passport at all times. If your passport is going to expire or is expired, please refer to the List of Consulates in the area. Find your consulate, contact their office, and begin the process of renewing your passport. You will also need to bring a copy of your new passport to the International Student Center.
What do I do if my F-1 visa is going to expire?
If your visa is expired or about to expire and you are traveling out of the U.S., you will need to Renew Your Visa. These documents do not guarantee that you will be granted a visa. Check the website of the U.S. Embassy where you will apply for specific instructions.
My I-20 is expiring soon, but I need more time to complete my studies. What should I do?
To apply for an extension of your I-20, make an appointment with an academic counselor to receive a signed Educational Plan. Complete the New I-20 request form and submit with the educational plan and proof of financial support (original bank statement and Sponsor Affidavit Form) to the ISC. I-20 extensions must be completed before your I-20 expires!
Do I need health insurance?
Yes. All students holding an F-1 Visa will be automatically enrolled and charged for Health Insurance. For more information visit Medical Insurance.
What should I do if I need to go to the doctor?
If you need to see a doctor:
1. Go to the Student Health Services
2. If the Student Health Services cannot treat you or is closed, go to one of the urgent care centers approved by your Insurance Plan. Please note that use of an urgent care center instead of a hospital emergency room may decrease your out-of-pocket expenses. You may also refer to the Student Insurance Website to search for an individual doctor.
If you have specific questions about your insurance you can contact the insurance company directly at 1-800-537-1777 or visit their Website.


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(0) items
Edition: 1st
Author(s): Cornett, Marcia; Adair, Troy; Nofsinger, John
ISBN: 9780077506056 / Package / 3/4/2011
Marketplace Disclaimer:
Edition, Cover Design, etc may vary from the eCampus.com description. Please refer to the seller's comments before ordering. Marketplace sellers are required to ship by the end of the 5th business day. Items are not returnable to eCampus.com. Orders cannot be cancelled by eCampus.com.


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Our Publications
- Aspen
- Atlanta
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- The Hamptons
- Hawai'i
- Houston
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- Orange County
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A Night of Luxury & Philanthropy
On August 1st Angeleno held "A Night of Luxury & Philanthropy" at The Beverly Center to raise awareness around The Trevor Project. Guests shopped and celebrated throughout the night in two luxury lounges created by Roche Bobois. Within the lounges guests were treated to speciality cocktails by Tallarico Spirits, supperclub, the restaurant hors d' oeuvres, Vosges chocolates, Conscious Bean coffee and Bittersweet Treats desserts.
Guests were encouraged to go to each participating retailer (Fendi, Salvatore Ferragamo, Hugo Boss, Omega, Z Zegna, Jimmy Choo and Montblanc) in order to be entered in the luxury raffle at the end of the night. The raffle included prizes from DNK Skin Care, Ritz-Calrton, supperclub, the restaurant, Beverly Center, Omega, Wally Wines, Montblanc, Salvatore Ferragamo, Roche Bobois, Z Zegna, Sofitel Los Angeles and Mehrnoosh Architecture & Design.
Photography by Scott Clark


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Journey down remote roadways and country lanes to lakeside retreats, mountain hideaways, and forgotten ruins in this free theme for Windows, the second installment in the Rural Landscapes series by our community of contributors.
A theme is a combination of desktop background pictures, window colors, and sounds. All of the images will be downloaded when you click Download theme.
This theme can only be used in Windows 10, Windows 8.1, Windows 8, Windows RT 8.1, Windows RT, and in Windows 7 Home Premium, Professional, Enterprise, or Ultimate editions.


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- Inside Athletics
- Tickets
- Social
- Fan Zone
- Media Zone
- Shop
- E Fund
BLACKSBURG, Va. (Sept. 5, 2008) - The ETSU men's and women's cross country teams opened the 2008 season Friday evening, when they competed in the Virginia Tech Relays from the Tech Cross Country Course in Blacksburg.
The Buccaneers, who faced host Virginia Tech, Radford,
ETSU's second men's team consisted of senior Michael Deren (
"Overall I am pleased with all four of their efforts tonight," commented head coach David Walker. "Both teams ran a tough race and hopefully they can build off this performance next weekend at
On the women's side, the twins of Terra and Tesha Haggard (
The second Buccaneer squad, which featured sophomore Rochelle Crook (
"Our two groups of women ran solid and showed signs of improvement since our first day of practice," commented
Prior to competing at
For more information on ETSU cross country, visit www.ETSUBucs.com.


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Here's an upside for women when it comes to divorce: Once your divorce settlement agreement is finalized and you have divided your assets, you are no longer subject to your ex-husband's bad financial decisions. You'll have to learn how to handle your own money, but at least those choices will be yours.
By way of example, let's look at one victim of the ever-confounding fraud perpetrated by Bernie Madoff.
Steven Simkin is a partner at one of the country's most prominent and powerful law firms. When he and his wife, Laura Blank, divorced in 2006, the couple split a fortune in excess of $13 million. Almost half of that fortune, a cool $5.4 million, was invested with Bernard Madoff. After the divorce, Simkin continued to keep a sizeable amount of money in Madoff investments. But Blank didn't. Instead, she opted to receive her divorce settlement proceeds in cash (some $6.25 million) and real estate.
Fast-forward to 2008 when the Madoff Ponzi scheme was exposed, and you'll realize Simkin's predicament. He lost millions because of the Madoff fraud, and he felt his divorce settlement should be revised. Essentially, he wanted Blank to compensate him for the losses he sustained.
Now wait just one minute! Surely, Simkin, an esteemed attorney, knows what I have been telling my clients for years:
There are no do-overs in divorce.
Every divorce settlement involves the valuation of assets --and the divorce of Steven Simkin and Laura Blank is no different. Terms were set. Compromises were made. Divisions were agreed to.
In any divorce, there's an implicit understanding that the value of these assets may change over time, but once a couple separates, their financial futures are unlinked. If Simkin had invested in Apple instead of with Bernie Madoff, Blank would be no more deserving of his profits than she is of his losses.
Still, Simkin tried to change the rules of the game. When Launa Blank rejected his bid to renegotiate assets, her ex-husband took her to court in what The New York Times described as "one of the most unusual lawsuits resulting from the Madoff fraud — and one that riveted the matrimonial bar."
Initially, a trial judge dismissed Simkin's suit, but shortly thereafter a New York appellate court ruled it could go forward. Just recently, the New York Court of Appeals rejected Simkin's argument once and for all.
"This situation, however sympathetic, is more akin to a martial asset that unexpectedly loses value after dissolution of a marriage. The asset had value at the time of the settlement but the purported value did not remain consistent," wrote Judge Victoria A. Graffeo, according to Bloomberg Businessweek.
I couldn't agree more. As divorce attorney Caroline Krauss-Browne, partner at Blank Rome, points out, there is an overriding public policy which supports finality both in negotiated settlements (preferred by courts) and, if the parties are unable to agree, decisions after trial.


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Aussie Tour approaching!
Getting excited about the upcoming Australian dates! First off, some of our good mates will be filming the upcoming dates and all the going's on around the tour. Luke's got the HD Helmet cam and crew to catch the band live and the crowd going Cyco! We'll also be hitting up some of the beaches and skate spots etc, on the days off. We'll have more info on this shortly. And of course working out details for the end of tour BBQ!
We are also proud to announce that MCST will be THE special MC for the night! Yes, Mike Clark will be previewing some new tracks at the shows. He'll give a little behind the scenes report, let you in on a few secrets and hook you up with the latest info on the band, and give you a preview of some ot the new releases coming out next year of Suicidal Records... New ST, IG and Cyco Miko. Opening all 3 shows will be the Dreamkillers, then MCST to get the Cyconess in force and then of course ST will hit the stage. Lastly, get your tickets, when they are gone, they are gone! www.suicidaltendencies.oztix.com.au Kings Beach Tavern is sold out at oztix. They have a couple left at the venue. Byron Bay has a limited amount left at oztix, none at the venue.
Give your mates a call and tell them to hurry up or miss out on these shows. We know lots of people are planning to travel to one or more of these shows, please make sure you buy your tickets first. We will not be able to get any more tickets, regardless of how far you travelled. We do want to thank everyone for all their help with these shows and helping us to promote and put them on ourselves. Thanx again for the support and see you all in Oz soon!


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Headphones + Mic Hunting
A good friend of mine is turning 18 years old in a few days and I managed to pull two wishes out him: A trip to Hawaii and a a new "headset". So since Hawaii is not going to happen on my budget I decided to ask him out on those headphones.
(Me): But what was wrong with your old headset?
(Him): "They smell too much of discount, I need something better."
(Me): @_@
So there you go, not much to work with I suppose. My guess would be that he is looking for something sturdy that feels good in the hands and sounds nice. His previous headset was some random Logitech with a built-in microphone. Now I am looking for a replacement to get him on his birthday the 11th May. Perhaps you guys can help me out?
I have searched this sub-forum and found two general solutions I think could work for him: Either buying a pair of headphones with build-in microphone or buying a pair of headphones and then buy a microphone for example one of those you can clip on your shirt. Now I'm onto finding a specific headphone that matches his needs.
Budget: Let's go with around $130 exclusive shipping. I expect that this includes a microphone and a pair of listening devices.
Location: Denmark / Europe. Willing to import if necessary.
Headphone type: Full sized or portable headphones. He would prefer closed headphones. Isolation doesn't have too high priority. The sound should not leak too much though.
Shape: His previous headphones was circumaural but as long as the headphones are comfortable I am sure he doesn't care about this matter.
Primary location of use: Home/indoor use, primarily for gaming and for voicechatting.
Preferable SQ or Sound Signature: To be honest I have absolutely no idea. He likes bass but is no basshead. Perhaps a neutral sound would do him best? *Help*.
Media: He listens to a lot of Pendulum, a bit of Dub-step and some trance. The headphones will mostly be used for gaming and less music I assume, though.
Source: His desktop computer.
My own searching has returned a few results already (random order), but I would love to hear your opinion.
Pair 1: AIAIAI TMA-1 (Mic included)
I own these, and they are appearently sold with a mic. It's way over my planned budget though.
Pair 2: Audio-Technica ATH-50 + External Microphone
This pair of headphones might do for him, but I have never heard it. It was suggested by jupitreas in this thread.
Pair 3: Plantronics DSP-500 (Mic included)
Suggested by sideways in this thread. They seem to have been discontinued but are still available at amazon, though they are slightly expensive.
As to external microphones..
I like this idea, but where should I look for such? He is not looking for studio quality, just something decent. I read mixed responses to this mic, but I like the idea of a clip-on microphone. Can you recommend anything along these lines?
What other equipment would you suggest? Or perhaps you can provide any feedback on what I already have in my list up there?
Thanks in advance! ^^
Last edited by Urne; 05-05-2012 at 04:38 PM.
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I'd just go for something like the Turtle Beach X12 and leave it at that. No sense in paying more then that for a headset. Unless you buy both a good set of headphones and a good mic. The combination rarely ever comes in the same package if you start paying more then 60 on the set. Over that price point and you just start getting useless things like surround sound.
I don't know of many standalone Lavalier/Headset mics that sound too great. Although I've seen some pretty interesting looking mods, where you just take any old headset boom mic and attach it to your choice of headphones. Thats basically what I do- except I've got a phantom powered t-bone mic hooked up to mixer, so that I can tweak the sound.
Of those choices (and the suggested pricepoint), I would probably go with the ATH-50. I've never demoed them myself, but they do get incredible reviews and a ton of people profess to love them.
Never buy turtlebeach anything.
The general rule is that anything branded with 'gaming' is going to sound way worse than any regular headphone in the same price range. In terms of crappy gaming headsets, I would say Sennheiser makes the best of the worst.
In terms of quality, the headphone + external mic combo would be the best. Monoprice makes a spectacular mic for $5. The logitech USB mic for $20 seems to be the most popular budget mic (though I've never tried it). If your friend has a laptop, then the Samson Go mic & Blue Snowflake are good portable choices because they can clip onto the laptop (the Samson sounds better). Clip-on mics simply don't sound good unless you pay hundreds of dollars for a quality lavalier mic.
Last edited by forensic fox; 05-06-2012 at 07:13 PM.
Thanks guys for your reply and sorry for the late comeback to this thread. Everything has been quite busy around here, but now I'm back to catch up.
I have been speaking with my friend and he has nothing against IEMs either. When I asked him about external microphones he said it didn't sound very practical. If you know any IEMs which are around $70-100 and includes a microphone, please feel free to suggest it. Anything with a lower pricepoint is also welcome, as long as it is sturdy and *easy* to put into the ear. What do you have in mind?
My previous findings had a much larger pricepoint, but my friend convinced me to not spend so much money on a gift for him. Headphone suggestions are therefore also welcome.
I will be looking around myself now, but will come back to this thread tomorrow.
EDIT: From what I have read SoundMAGIC E10M seems to be exactly what I am looking for. Now all I need is a TRRS to dual stereo TRS converter. Anyone knows where to get that?
Other suggestions are still welcome. Also if any of you have tried them, please feel free to share what you think about them!
Last edited by Urne; 05-24-2012 at 07:10 AM.
|headphones, microphone, skype, sturdyness, voice-chat
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it works... omg... :')
(btw guys, i deleted a pointless post to make this. my 3000th is coming!)
1. turn on your DS console
2. if its a DS-DS lite: go into BW, go to internet settings.
if its a DSi-3DS: go into settings, and scroll over to "internet settings"
3. go to "auto-obtain DNS" on your main internet connection, and click on the option that is basicially "no"
4. make the primary DNS the one provided by the website for you (they are all individually created)
5. save the settings
6. move to your computer, and make your pokemon the way you want it.
7. press "customize stats"
8. go into the GTS (NOT negotiations) and you should recieve your pokemon immediately.
NOTE: you don't have to change your DNS code ever again to do this. you may do the process from 6-9 as many times as you like.


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Here you will see that King Adolph is not going to wait on congress to bring a Communazi dictatorship on you:
Here Come the First of the Executive Actions - SurvivalBlog.com
Depending on how it is implemented, the implications of this change could be huge. With the stroke a of a pen and without the consent of Congress, ATF bureaucrats could make ANY gun part or accessory (including magazines) or ammunition that were originally manufactured or perhaps even those designed for military use no longer legal for importation for civilian use. That might mean no more milsurp parts sets. No more milsurp magazines. No more milsurp ammo. No more milsurp optics. Perhaps not even spare firing pins. This could be ugly.


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|Lidkoping, Sweden
|High School:
|De La Gardie
|GSS - Applied Business & Econ.
2014-15: Battled a foot injury for most of her senior campaign…finished the year 4-2 in singles play and 3-6 in doubles…wrapped up her career at Oregon with 46 victories…clinched the match for Oregon vs. Idaho with a 6-1, 6-4 victory at No. 6 singles in her final match in a Duck uniform at home. Fall: Went 3-1 in doubles play with Marlou Kluiving and 1-0 in singles play before sitting out with an injury.
2013-14: Is currently Oregon's active leader in singles victories with 42…wrapped up her junior season 9-12 in singles action and 11-6 overall in doubles play…her nine wins in singles play was good for third on the team…went 9-3 in doubles action when paired with Lana Butter, playing primarily at the No. 3 doubles position…started the season with five-straight singles victories in dual play…led the team with seven-straight doubles victories with Buttner…played crucial role in Oregon's 4-3 upset of No. 60 Colorado at the Student Tennis Center with her 8-2 win at the doubles No. 3 position...earned her second Pac-12 All-Academic honorable mention selection. Fall: Limited to just one tournament in the fall due to injuries, going 1-1 in singles play and 1-2 in doubles action.
2012-13: Ended the season with a 10-14 singles record through April 21, 2013...spent most of the season in the No. 3 (2-1) and No. 4 (5-5) singles spots, but also briefly appeared in the No. 2 (1-0) and No. 5 (0-2) singles spots...started the season with a six-match winning streak...partnered most of the season with Brooke Hughes (7-10) and paired one match with Julia Metzger (1-0) in doubles completion…opened the season on a four-match doubles winning streak with Hughes.
2011-12: Led the Ducks with a 20-10 singles record including 11 wins during the spring dual season...appeared at the No. 3 (5-4) and No. 4 (6-4) singles spots...finished the season on a four-match winning streak including taking six out of her last 10 matches...combined exclusively with Patricia Skowronski during the 2011-12 season en route to an 11-9 dual doubles record (19-11 overall)...Hager and Skowronski's 19 doubles wins ties them for 10th on the school's all-time career doubles victories as a team and ties them for 5th in school history for doubles wins in a single season...ranked as high as No. 50 on Apr. 10 in the Campbells/ITA College Tennis Rankings...finished the season ranked the No. 54 doubles team in the nation. Fall: Went 9-2 in singles play during her inaugural fall season as a Duck…won her last six matches by a combined 80-33 game margin…advanced to the round of 16 in the CSUF Fall Intercollegiate (10/7-10/9) marking her first career collegiate tournament…went 4-0 without playing into a third set en route to her first career title in the Cougar Fall Draw Black Flight (11/4-11/6)…teamed with Patricia Skowronski to record a 8-2 doubles record…won her first five double matches by a combined score of 42-16…won the CSUF Fall Intercollegiate (10/8-10/9)…played into the finals of the of the Cougar Fall Draw (11/5-11/6).
PERSONAL - Born Sofia C. Hager in Lidkoping, Sweden...parents Bengt and Catarina Hager...one brother, Simon...majoring in Business.


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Barack Obama's NCAA bracket may be in shambles, but his healthcare reform bill scored big.
Results showed the Democrats won with a vote count 219-212, without a single Republican party member supported the movement.
I'm sure this is major solace (insert sarcasm) for the sports fan as Obama saw his NCAA champion pick Kansas fall to Northern Iowa in the second round of the tournament. Or as my favorite facebook friend Troy Johnson said, "a bunch of McDonald's All-Americans got beaten by a group of kids that eat at McDonalds."
Obama still has nine of today's Sweet Sixteen picks correct. Although Northern Iowa single-handedly turned most brackets into tissue paper for many upset bracketeers. Check out Obama's bracket to see how you compared.


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Boyce, Relay Wins Help Princeton Race To Early Lead At Big Al Open
DAY ONE RESULTS l LIVE RESULTS l LIVE VIDEO l WEEKEND SCHEDULE
It's her final Big Al Open, and senior Lisa Boyce is making sure she makes the most of it. The 2013 All-America performer won the 50 free and led off two winning relays to help the Princeton women's swimming and diving team to a lead over Yale after the first day of the Big Al Open.
Princeton leads the field with 281 points, while Yale stands second with 258 points. Those two look like they will compete for the title, as third-place Dartmouth is well behind with 183 points.
The competition continues Saturday with prelims at 11 am and finals at 6 pm. The full schedule can be seen by clicking on the link above.
Princeton got off to a strong start, winning the 200 free relay in 1:32.24. Boyce led off with a blistering 22.44 split, and the sophomore trio of Elizabeth McDonald, Morgan Karetnick and Nikki Larson took it home for the victory.
An all-underclassman squad, including a freshman trio, added a fourth-place finish in 1:34.94. Sophomore Maylin Meisenheimer joined the trio of Katie Diller, Kathleen Mulligan and Olivia Chan, each of whom impressed in their Big Al debuts.
Yale made its big move in the 500 IM, where sophomore Eva Fabian — arguably the league's top distance swimmer — won in 4:47.86. Princeton's top finisher was senior co-captain Maureen McCotter, who took 10th in 4:56.16.
Princeton countered Yale's move in the 200 IM, where the Tigers put five in the finals and grabbed three of the top four spots. Sophomore Beverly Nguyen took second in 2:01.51 — only .1 of a second off the win — while Chan (2:01.60) and Larson (2:03.04) took third and fourth. Karetnick and sophomore Sada Stewart also placed in the finals.
Boyce gave Princeton its first individual victory, taking the 50 free in 22.33. The two-time defending Ivy League champion in the event, Boyce joined Karetnick (fifth, 23.64) and McDonald (eighth, 23.80) in the finals.
Princeton closed the session with a dominant win in the 400 medley relay, as the team of Boyce, Chan, Karetnick and Larson posted a time of 3:41.91 to top Yale by nearly five full seconds.


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Getty Images Sold to Carlyle Group for $3.3 Billion
Getty Images, the largest stock photo archive, has been sold to private equity firm the Carlyle Group for $3.3 billion, according to Bloomberg, Reuters, and other sources. The sale comes three months after Hellman & Friedman, the private equity firm that has owned Getty Images since 2008, began preparations to sell the stock agency.
According to a statement released today by the Carlyle Group, Getty co-founders Jonathan Klein and Mark Getty will invest "significant equity" in the company.
Hellman & Friedman was reported to have paid $2.4 billion to buy Getty in 2008. According to news reports back in May, the firm was hoping to get as much as $4 billion for the agency. (Full disclosure: Hellman & Friedman also owns Nielsen, parent company of PDN.)
In the past year, Getty Images has taken several cost-cutting measures. These included introducing new terms to its contracts with photographer/contributors, cutting back royalties it pays to photographers, and telling contributors that rights-managed images that had not sold well would be moved to royalty-free collections, while the royalty-free images would be sold as part of subscription packages. Through a statement, Getty Images told PDN that changes to its contributor contracts were needed "so that more content can be used in more ways that help our business meet current and future customer needs and grow sales."
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Getty IPO On Hold as $4 Billion Private Equity Sale Looms