text:
ZF-3369: Google Contacts API support
This is more of a heads-up than a request.
I'm currently working on some code to work with the new Zend Contacts API for managing things like Gmail contacts. I anticipate having something in an alpha peer-review state sometime this week.
I'm starting this issue so I'll have somewhere to post the code and to "stake out" the area to avoid having multiple people unknowingly working on the same task.
Stuff that currently works: * Listing contacts * Emails * Phone data & subtype (mobile, pager, fax) information * IM data * Organization data * Label/categorization for data types * Altering primary e-mail * Notes about the current user
I signed the indivdual CLA before, but this one is something on company time so as soon as I get a Corporate CLA done I'll post what I have. Current classes:
Contacts/Extension/Categorized.php (abstract superclass) Contacts/Extension/Email.php Contacts/Extension/Im.php Contacts/Extension/Name.php Contacts/Extension/Notes.php Contacts/Extension/Organization.php Contacts/Extension/OrgName.php Contacts/Extension/OrgTitle.php Contacts/Extension/PhoneNumber.php Contacts/Extension/PostalAddress.php Contacts/ListEntry.php Contacts/ListFeed.php
Very cool Darien, sounds like a fantastic start! I'd like to help in some way if you're interested. Unit tests, sample application, etc. Are there any data model classes that you need? I have some code for Contacts/Extension/GroupMembershipInfo.php and Deleted.php if you are interested.
Thanks, I'm currently waiting on The Powers That Be to authorize me sending CLA application. Once I can post actual code things should be clearer.
I'm afraid my development model has been fairly haphazard, partially because this is my first time delving into the Gdata component works internally. So I don't have any unit tests. (How do you unit test against a monolithic external service anyway?) Right now the general structure is similar to the Calendar/ListEntry.php class.
Stuff I don't plan to implement any time soon: * Photos * Bulk updates (a broader issue than just Contacts) * Group or Membership data and queries
Misc concerns: * The existing extendedProperty handler (Zend_Gdata_Extension_ExtendedProperty) only appears to support attribute-based data storage. By contrast, this documentation page suggests it needs to have a switch for XML-blobs: http://code.google.com/apis/contacts/…
What the test contact looks like in GMail...
...Shows a GMail contact as retrieved and displayed by PHP code.
The [1] designates the primary e-mail. "
MyCat" is a custom category for information, parallel to "Work" and "Personal".
Phone numbers may have a subtype like "Fax".
For organizations, the title is in square brackets.
Okay, so those last two screenshots are at least proof-of-concept. (Yes, the custom output is ugly, but it was easier when writing a bunch of throwaway echo statements.)
More musings and API uncertainties: * Can you have multiple "Fax" or "Mobile" phone numbers for a single category for a single contact? Right now there's no clientside code for checking that kind of situation. * It seems you can make a custom category called "work" that parallels the built-in "work" category. Is this a bug? How can we distinguish between them? The current implementation just assumes such name collision is not possible. * I haven't tested any sort of "advanced searching" or listing--just pulling back a small but complete list of test contacts.
In answer to your three questions: - yes, it is possible to have multiple phone numbers with rel set to fax (http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#fax) - when you say that you are making a custom category, do you mean that you are adding an Atom category element to the entry, or did you mean you are using a different rel value on a phoneNumber element (for example)? - the query capabilities for the API are listed here: http://code.google.com/apis/contacts/… . The items in the first box should already be included inf you inherit from the Gdata query class, the second set will require some new code. Please let me know if the descriptions in the documentation aren't clear.
If you have any questions, please ask :)
Thanks for your reply. I'm still bugging the appropriate folks for official permission to contribute the code.
What I had meant about categories is what you can do with Gmail: You start with "Work", "Personal" and "Other".
You can make custom categories like "Secret Identity" to hold a similar corresponding set of postal/im/email/phone data.
However, it seems you can also make custom categories which (from just looking at the XML) are indistinguishable from the built-in ones.
Improvements: * Added features to set the "primary" flag among sets of phone, IM, email, and postal values. (AFAIK the "primary e-mail" scope includes all email items in all categories, not just "Primary for Home" and "Primary For Work", etc.) * Listing categories in use for an entry (Home, Work, Personal, Foo) * Retrieving data objects by category label * Contacts-API-specific query options mostly coded
Huzzah! Apparently a confluence of deadlines (some ending, some starting) have resulted in activity.
I anticipate having legally-postable svn diffs shortly. Hopefully in time for the 1.6 feature freeze. Mind you, my prior "anticipation" was misleading, but literally correct :)
Is there any particular branch or tag I should diff against? I'm currently working off of 1.5.2, although it shouldn't matter very much since most of the files are new.
Hi Darien,
I appreciate all your hard work to get contacts support in. However, I don't know if we're going to have time to get this in before midnight tonight for the 1.6 feature freeze. I believe all code reviews/testing/docs/etc need to be complete by tonight. Given that ZF strives to maintain backwards compatibility, I don't think we really want to rush through this process.
Perhaps we should work on getting this checked into trunk later this week and then push forward to having it included in the 1.7 release (which Wil promises will come shortly after 1.6).
We can then post info in the Google Group for Contacts and get people to test it out before the release?
Cheers, -Ryan
Ah, so it's more than just a freeze on feature scope, then. Darn.
Regarding backwards-compatibility...
The only changes that are not entirely new files are convenience functions which can be moved elsewhere. I could submit a changeset which shouldn't affect anybody who isn't specifically trying the new API.
Hi Darien,
Yea, I'd love to get this in ASAP, but I want to make sure it's done right. The note from Wil: "Just a reminder that the feature-complete (that means all code, unit tests, and documentation) deadline for all contributions targeted for the 1.6 release is 6/30. "
Re backwards-compat: What I was referring to was that if we rush to get the contacts support added in the next couple hours, we could miss something in Contacts that we'd want to change, and end up regretting not being able to change it in the future :)
I'd love to get your code in.. I'm super excited that you're contributing it, but I just don't want to rush it the night of the freeze.
Can we work to get this reviewed this week, committed in trunk and then give the Google Group for contacts a chance to test it out before the 1.7 freeze?
Cheers, -Ryan
Sure, I have no particular objection to delaying it until 1.7, I just misunderstood the scope of the freeze.
On a unrelated note, I've been toying with is a Gdata adapter for Zend_Auth, but I'm running into some ambiguities since usernames are not necessarily unique due to context (service used, real gmail vs hosted corporate, etc.)
The Not-Yet-Ready-For-Real-Review proposal is now up in the wiki...
I'll focus on adding more skeleton examples while waiting for the corporate gears to grind.
Hi Darien,
Great - thanks for the proposal! We'll happily review it. As this is not a new component, but rather just some new classes for an existing component (Zend_Gdata), I don't believe it really needs a formalized proposal.
Good luck with the "corporate gears."
Cheers, -Ryan
Thanks for your great work on this Darien. I might need to get this implemented before Darien gets throught he legal gears, could anyone give me a hand on how to do this manually? I'd be fine if I could just extract the raw data from google, but not sure how to do it. Ideally actually I'd just like to get it in JSON.
Here is what I'm doing: $contact = new Zend_Gdata($client); $query = new Zend_Gdata_Query( 'http://google.com/m8/feeds/…'); $query->setMaxResults(2000); $feed = $contact->getFeed($query);
foreach ($feed as $entry) {
print 'Title: ' . $entry->title->text;
I do get the names of the contacts out, but don't know how to get the other data I need (which is just phone number and email address).
Thanks for any help!
This should get you the JSON version of the feed you're looking for...
require_once 'Zend/Gdata/ClientLogin.php'; require_once 'Zend/Gdata.php';
$client = Zend_Gdata_ClientLogin::getHttpClient('email address', 'password', 'cp'); $gd = new Zend_Gdata($client);
$response = $gd->get('http://google.com/m8/feeds/…'); echo $response->getBody();
Here's some code that ought to work:
foreach($feed as $entry){
$parts = $entry->getExtensionElements();
foreach($parts as $p){
$element = $p->getDOM();
case 'email':
print("Email: ".$element->getAttribute('address')."
case 'phoneNumber':
print("Phone: ".$element->nodeValue."
P.S.: If you want information about categories, e.g. "Work", "Personal", or phone-number subtypes such as "mobile" and "fax", I have a little rant about how that's painful:
Thanks guys for the very fast response - worked out well.
Pfhew. Waiting for Zend response to the corporate CLA.
Still waiting... But what's the procedure here, just toss up a zip of sources and someone else commits it to the right place in SVN?
Hey Darien, The preferred way is to upload a patch in unified diff format created by running 'svn diff'.
Once that's done, the community will have a chance to review the patch and provide feedback. Once everybody's happy with it, I can go ahead and check the code into SVN for you.
Thanks for all of your hard work on this. :)
As diffed against the 1.5.3 release tag.
Only minor changes on existing code, otherwise new files.
Okay, there it is.
Caveats: I have not recently re-tested it. Google may have changed their API. In fact, I'm pretty sure the category stuff ("Work","Personal") is broken, or at the least a bit iffy.
Google might have cleaned up that aspect of their API, but last I checked that particular categorization feature was iffy.
Note to self: Proof-read more next time.
The following Google tickets/issues are probably germane: http://code.google.com/p/gdata-issues/… http://code.google.com/p/gdata-issues/…
It seems some of the docs may have been updated with more about possible 'rel' attribute values: http://code.google.com/apis/gdata/elements.html
Turns out the patch I posted is already broken (broken assertion) when it encounters rel="http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#work_fax"
Due to unexpected developments I will not be able to proactively develop this feature at this time, so I'm changing it to unassigned. I will however try to keep watching the issue and helping as time permits.
No worries Darren, I can help finish it up. Speaking of which, I'm hoping to finish going through the patch within the next week.
Err, Darien. Sorry about that. :)
Increasing priority to major.
Are there any updates on progress with this? As Google has added domain-wide contacts, this is of much more use to me now. The patch above seems to work to an extent but there is now version 3 of the Google Contacts API which has new, more structured types.
I'd be glad to work with someone to get this Gdata addition working correctly.
Sorry, there hasn't been much work on this since my last update.
The core code exists, but I still need to sit down and write tests, sample code, and documentation. Especially tests.
Does it exist somewhere where I can use it as-is? It doesn't have to be perfect, I don't really need docs as I've been going through the API over the last few days pretty intensively.
Nope. If it takes much longer, I might check it into the incubator, but for now there's no public copy.
Has there been any thoughts during the past fourteen months? I would love to see Google Contacts within ZF.
Second Ingmar's request. An update on support for Google Contacts seems way overdue.


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subset: commoncrawl


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text:
ZF-7629: Zend_Db_Adapter_Pdo_Mssql should pass @table_owner to sp_pkeys
In mssql if you don't pass variable @table_owner it will guess the table is in dbo schema. So in attachment is a patch to fix that. I'm also using that in sp_columns because is the right to do. If I have a 2 tables with the same name and different schemas, that will be confusing.
Just correcting, the procedure name is sp_pkeys.
I am not sure what you are proposing. How do you expect to call describeTable() to trigger this functionality? Currently, the $schemaName is not used in the lookup. Why would schemaName be dotted? What does that represent?
Hi Ralph, there are to problems that patch solve. First: When you have two tables in different schemas, procedures like sp_pkeys and sp_columns will get only one. Second: sp_pkeys need specify the schema or it will search in dbo, if that does not exist in dbo, will return a blank rowset.
And about the schema name using dot is because some times you need specify another database to do a join, because of that we use in schemaName db.schema.
Thank you
Fix provided in trunk at r17739, please test.
Support for catalogs in ZF is also very limited, see http://framework.zend.com/issues/browse/ZF-6665 (similar bug)
Fixed in release branch 1.9


text:
Soul Food Cafe Dishes Up More Than Heritage
Lit candles and white tablecloths at Eastern Mennonite University helped create a restaurant dining experience Saturday evening at Martin Chapel. But this was no ordinary feast. The main course at EMU's Multicultural Services' Soul Food Cafe was cultural diversity, says Melody Pannell, director of the program. Contemporary gospel music, fellowship and a celebration ...More


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ZF-2541: Missing require_once before throw exceptions in Zend_Loader_PluginLoader.
Class Zend_Loader_PluginLoader. Missing require_once in lines 220-222:
if ($pos === null) {
throw new Zend_Loader_PluginLoader_Exception('Prefix ' . $prefix . ' / Path ' . $path . ' was not found in the PluginLoader.');
and lines 315-317:
if (!class_exists($className, false)) {
throw new Zend_Loader_PluginLoader_Exception('File ' . $classFile . ' was loaded but class named ' . $className . ' was not found within it.');
This implies autoload feature, but many peoples do not has it.
I had the same problem. I don't think it's assuming autoload feature though, as it uses require_once normally through the rest of the file, so this is clearly a missing require_once.
This has magically been fixed. Probably by matthew.
Changing issues in preparation for the 1.7.0 release.
Is this simple bug already fixed?
Duh, posted in the wrong issue. Yay me!


text:
I've done a little modifying of the neck on this in an attempt to make it look something like this -- found on Pinterest (of course).
Wednesday, April 4, 2012
Storms & Garter Stitch
I've done a little modifying of the neck on this in an attempt to make it look something like this -- found on Pinterest (of course).
14 comments:
- Erin Kate said...
Such a pretty post!
- April 4, 2012 at 11:04 AM
- Jill Chandler said...
Glad you are better and storms not too bad.
- April 4, 2012 at 11:07 AM
- Pom Pom said...
Yikes! I'm glad you are safe, Miss G!
Well, I DO love your cardi. Why can't you be my knitting neighbor? We'd have so much fun watching films and clicking our needles.
I'm going to pop over to Amazon and do a little book buying now. Tee hee!
- April 4, 2012 at 12:39 PM
- Nancy said...
Glad that you are OK. I thought about you yesterday as I was keeping up with the storms. My youngest son lives in Dallas and works in Garland. So I was paying close attention while we texted back and forth. Also while praying.
I just love that cardi. I've been looking for a pattern similar to that. Be sure to show us the finished piece.
- April 4, 2012 at 2:46 PM
- Gigi said...
Hi Everyone! Thanks for stopping by. Yes, yesterday was wild and Nancy, I'm so glad your son is okay!
♥ ♥ ♥
- April 4, 2012 at 3:47 PM
- From All Stitched Up said...
I am so glad to know you are okay. I kept telling myself that Texas is a big state but I was still worried. I love your cardi. It looks easy to wear and easy to knit. Happy Easter
- April 4, 2012 at 5:38 PM
- Cheryl said...
Woa. That sounds like some storm. I'm glad you were OK. Oh for mindless knitting. Great progress. I bet when you look at that sweater, you will always think of the storm. It's all knitted in there.
- April 4, 2012 at 6:11 PM
- Bonnie said...
Hope you've been feeling better. I love the 2 buttons and the neck of your sweater. It matches that beautiful sky. So glad you are safe.
- April 4, 2012 at 6:19 PM
- Lisa said...
I heard about those terrible storms on the radio! Yes, prayer is necessary during a scary time, but there is also a weird fascination with them, so having something to do is helpful.
So, Georgetter Heyer is Margaret Drabble's favorite historical novelist? Will wonders never cease!
I never would have guessed it.
- April 4, 2012 at 8:14 PM
- Kristen said...
I did hear about those crazy storms you have had. I'm glad you and your house are still standing!
And you have roses already! We don't have them quite yet here in northern California, but lot's of buds so won't be long.
Thank you for showing my Annabel, it's so pretty. Enjoy your knitting and reading!
- April 5, 2012 at 2:08 AM
- stitching under oaks said...
so glad you were safe with all that crazy weather! Love the sweater you're working on...that color is fabulous. I listened to that same recording of Jane Eyre...wonderful book! Maggie and I have it recorded and are waiting for some time to watch the movie. Of course it won't be as good as the book...movies never are! Have a wonderful Easter.
- April 5, 2012 at 3:38 PM
- Gumbo Lily said...
I love coming to Firefly Cottage to see what you've been up to. So glad the tornadoes didn't get you. Your knittin' looks lovely and I like the looks of those old books. I just found my 1945 copyright "Heidi" that my mom gave me many years ago. It was once her book.
Big Hug to you, G.
- April 6, 2012 at 1:39 PM
- melanie said...
Wow, I am pleased your ok! I hope you enjoy your knitting and your books :)
Happy Easter :) xxx
- April 7, 2012 at 6:02 AM
- Cathy said...
Jane Eyre is one of my favorite books of all times. I have been exploring Librivox too; audio books are difficult for me because of all the distractions in my home at this time.
I agree, old books are distinct treasures.
P.S. I think your sweater will be lovely.
- April 12, 2012 at 7:23 PM


text:
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Scientific Misconduct Is Jeopardizing the Quality...
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I was through Beaver Dam yesterday, and indeed there was crew out and about. A downtown hotel appeared to be the site. There was even a poster in the window for a rodeo dated 1933.
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I got this guitar about 2 months ago and it is great. I got it in Vintage Sunburst and it is beautiful. Everyone who has seen it has complemented it. It sounds great too. It has a very full sound great for playing any kind of music. Great guitar.
Comments about Epiphone EJ-200 Acoustic Guitar:
Bought the EJ200 a couple of weeks ago, and I am extremely happy with the purchase. What I love most about this guitar is the playability. It is a smooth, fast ride from the 1st fret to the 12th. Super easy to bar chords, which I do a lot. Styling is great, maybe not as nice as a Gibson, but for the money, who cares. The tone is great, and I would even say it's comparable to the Gibson, though the Gibson has a bit more sustain. No fret buzz on mine, even when digging in hard on the strings. The stock strings kind of blow, and I am still experimenting with the right strings for it. I currently have a pair of Elixir's on it, and it sounds quite nice. I never thought about owning an Epiphone, but now it's my favorite acoustic. The only thing I don't like about it is the gold tuners. I wish it came with nickel tuners. All in all though, a hell of a Great guitar!
Comments about Epiphone EJ-200 Acoustic Guitar:
It arrived today, and I went through this instrument with fine tooth comb. I could not find one flaw!!! I'm not blowing smoke. I'm very happy with the Music123 guys and the FedEx delivery.After playing the EJ-200 all afternoon I found it was almost in tune when it was delivered and the action was right on. What a beautiful guitar and a pleasure to play! I just purchased a Gibson J-150. I wanted to find the difference between the Epiphone EJ-200. Both are excellent. If I were a guitarist just setting out in the music field, I would with out a doubt, purchase an EJ-200. I only wish I would have, when I was younger. Now I'm old a getting gray, I find the Gibson is finally affordable. Take the old mans advice and buy one of these babys, you will not regret it. Whether your young or old, your next step into stardom is the Gibson J-150 or J-200. Thank you Music123 for a great price.!
Comments about Epiphone EJ-200 Acoustic Guitar:
In September 2004 I bought a Black Epiphone EJ 200. The make was beautiful but the action was very high. So I arranged the action at the nut and sanded about a millimeter from the bottom of the saddle. The lower E became acceptable, but the higher E was still far too high. I measured the action at the twelfth fret and concluded it couldn't get set lower because the fretboard had a slight angle down to the high E string side.I told my salesman about the problem and he ordered another EJ 200, this time a Vintage Sunburst model. Almost immediately I found out that this exemplar had a different neck shape, a less thick saddle(the saddle from the black Epi was very thick, which I believe absorbs a lot of the sound transmission), and a nice low action. There's a lot of saddle material that can be sanded to lower it but so far I found no need to do so. The sound is very clear and articulated. There is no comparison with the the black one regarding sound and playability. I really love this second guitar and intend to play it for a very long time...
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Rated 5 out of 5 by 1 reviewer.
Rated 5 out of 5 by Keysshopper Perfect for my coffee and tea Bought 2 medium and 1 small. The rubber seal is good for keeping things fresh. The top is ceramic and looks good. You can open and close them with one hand and the lid stays on due to metal clamp attachment. I keep my ground coffee in a medium one, my instant coffee in a small one and my English breakfast teabags in the other medium one. They look good together on my countertop. Great value,instant countertop appeal. February 10, 2014
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polycarbophil - oral, Equalactin, Konsyl Fiber
GENERIC NAME: POLYCARBOPHIL - ORAL (POL-ee-KAR-boe-fil)
BRAND NAME(S): Equalactin, Konsyl Fiber
Medication Uses | How To Use | Side Effects | Precautions | Drug Interactions | Overdose | Notes | Missed Dose | Storage
USES: Polycarbophil is used to treat constipation. It is known as a bulk-forming laxative. It increases the bulk in your stool, an effect that helps to cause movement of the intestines. It also works by increasing the amount of water in the stool, making the stool softer and easier to pass.OTHER This section contains uses of this drug that are not listed in the approved professional labeling for the drug but that may be prescribed by your health care professional. Use this drug for a condition that is listed in this section only if it has been so prescribed by your health care professional.This drug may also be used to help relieve the symptoms of irritable bowel syndrome or diarrhea.
Report Problems to the Food and Drug Administration
You are encouraged to report negative side effects of prescription drugs to the FDA. Visit the FDA MedWatch website or call 1-800-FDA-1088.
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Rum lovers gathered at The Library bar at The Redbury hotel Tuesday night as boozie event goers were wowed by guest mixologists Adrian Biggs, the cocktail guru behind La Descarga,and Jaymee Mandeville of Drago Centro who is notorious for her unorthodox cocktail skills. Jaymee manned the DIY daiquiri bar while Adrian taught Rum 101 with an exclusive aged rum flight. The outdoor ambiance was perfection on the rooftop as guests played billiards and smoked hand rolled cigars rolled on the spot!
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Berger's actions often at odds with stance on transparency
Published: Tuesday, April 23, 2013 at 4:57 p.m.
Last Modified: Tuesday, April 23, 2013 at 4:57 p.m.
Since running for office in 2010, New Hanover County Commissioner Brian Berger has consistently stated his commitment to accountability and transparency, making these promises a part of almost every interview and public statement he has made during his time as a county commissioner.
What's in the emails
The "confidential" emails were sent between January 2011 and March 2013
All emails included in this article were sent to county staff. Most of the more than 400 emails were sent to the county clerks to the board, County Manager Chris Coudriet and County Attorney Wanda Copley.
A majority of the emails make reference to Commissioner Brian Berger's forced removal from the Department of Social Services (DSS) board in December 2011. Berger claims that his removal from the board was illegal though many of the email responses back to him from Copley and DSS employees claim otherwise.
Berger also frequently mentions the county travel policy that was unanimously adopted in June 2012. It bans any commissioner from travel at the county's expense and from attended any local events that have a cost associated with them until forfeited funds are repaid. Berger is unable to travel in an official capacity because he owes the county $287.16 for previous unused hotel rooms and conference fees. Berger claims in many of the emails that he does not owe anything and that instead the county owes him thousands.
But Berger's actions regularly contradict these statements.
The StarNews submitted a public records request to Berger on April 2 asking for all emails sent from his personal email account relating to his work as a commissioner. The request specifically stated that "this includes all emails sent to county staff and all emails illegally marked confidential."
N.C. Public Records Law excludes attorney-client information, personnel matters and information, trade secrets, patient medical records and other private information. All other emails sent by public officials are fair game.
Berger never complied with the request, though he did say there couldn't be "more than a handful" of these emails.
In response to his non-compliance, the StarNews submitted another public records request – this time to New Hanover County. It requested all emails sent to county staff from Berger's accounts, both his commissioner account and his personal email, that had been illegally marked as confidential. These emails were cleared by the county legal department and more than 400 confidential emails sent to staff between 2011 and the present were returned.
A 'formality'
Marking emails as "confidential" blocks Berger's messages from being presented on the public server at the county Government Center. Emails marked "confidential" are programmed to skip the public viewing computer since those emails supposedly contain information not deemed public record by state law. Emails from personal accounts also do not show up on the public server.
Several of the illegally marked emails will serve as evidence against Berger at his upcoming amotion hearing on May 20.
When questioned Tuesday morning about his apparent lack of transparency and illegal use of the confidential tag, Berger said he uses the confidential tags on emails as a "formality."
"I typically use 'confidential' to protect other people or information of a non-personal nature or as a formality," Berger said in a text message.
Berger added his own confidentiality warning to the bottom of his email signature, similar to that of the county attorney. He also began adding "Discussion of this confidential matter is not authorized by law and is NOT authorized by this individual, or representatives of this individual, given the protected, highly-personal and privacy-protected contents" as the last sentence in the body of his emails in March 2013.
"I'm not going to break confidentiality and make it public, but I just assume everything I do is public," he texted. " ... I have a very hard time with a lot of that information and discussions that have taken place that the public ought to know about, but I've still respected confidentiality and not violated the process."
'Slanderous accusations'
However, the nature of Berger's confidential emails is rarely – if ever – related to discussions on county policy. The "confidential" tag is used most often to send emails berating county staff.
However, Berger said because these are confidential emails he is not berating staff – just "holding them accountable."
"In a public meeting, on TV, I consider that berating. Public berating," he texted. "... It's not in the public interest and I'm not going to do it when there are more pressing issues to address."
Questions over Berger's conflicting behavior arose during the April 8 meeting where his fellow board members ultimately decided to begin the amotion process to potentially remove Berger from the board.
At this meeting, Berger said the main point of passing out hundreds of copies of a 10-page document that included attacks against county officials and staff was primarily to help a county resident involved in a domestic dispute.
But Commissioner Tom Wolfe disagreed.
"I didn't see any of that in those documents. I just saw slanderous accusations to the entire staff," Wolfe told Berger. " ... You're a disgrace to what we call public office. You have brought shame and dishonor upon this county."
The commissioners voted to begin the amotion process in early April, a common law procedure that gives a private corporation the ability to remove an officer because he is unfit, and approved the amotion rules for the county Monday.
Ashley Withers: 343-2223
On Twitter: @AshleyWithers
Reader comments posted to this article may be published in our print edition. All rights reserved. This copyrighted material may not be re-published without permission. Links are encouraged.


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Feldman Runs School Record in the 800 at The Armory
NEW YORK (3/2/13) - Senior Greta Feldman ran a Princeton school record in the 800 as the women's track & field team competed in two meets during what has been dubbed "last chance weekend."
Feldman ran a 2:06.98, taking down the previous indoor 800 record of 2:07.17 at the Columbia Last Chance Meet at The Armory.
Sophomore Erika Fluehr was seventh in the 3000 with a time of 9:48.46.
Senior Alexis Mikaelian ran 4:56.56 and junior Molly Higgins clocked 4:49.05 to finish eighth and 13th in the mile. Former Tiger Ashley Higginson '11 won the mile at 4:35.43.
Meanwhile five Tigers competed at the ECAC Championships at the Reggie Lewis Center in Boston.
Junior Imani Oliver was the runner-up in the triple jump. She reached 12.55 (41-2.25) on her fifth attempt.
Freshman Taylor Morgan and senior Theresa Kennedy matched their PRs in the high jump. Morgan finished fifth in the high jump clearing 1.75, while Kennedy cleared 1.73 for 13th.
Sophomore Cecilia Barowksi just missed qualifying for the finals of the 500. She ran 1:14.16 to finish ninth, missing a top eight spot.
Senior Erin Guty jumped to 5.36 (17-7) in the long jump.


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Bert EdwardWar' Johnson (Man O'War)
Position: FB-BB-HB
Height: 6-0 Weight: 212 lbs.
Born: February 18, 1912 in Ashland, KY
Died: August 10, 1993 in Lexington, KY
High School: Ashland
College: Kentucky (school history)
Drafted by the Brooklyn Dodgers in the 5th round (42nd overall) of the 1937 NFL Draft.
Weighted Career AV (100-95-...): 0 (15060th overall since 1950)


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The last 5 Trustees Reports
have indicated that Social Security's Old-Age, Survivors, and
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between 2033 and 2036 under the intermediate set of economic and
demographic assumptions provided in each report.
If no legislative change is enacted, scheduled tax revenues will be sufficient
to pay only about three fourths of the scheduled benefits after
trust fund depletion. Policymakers have developed proposals and options that have
financial effects on the OASDI Trust Funds. Many of these proposals and options have the
intent of addressing the long-range solvency problem.
We have prepared memoranda for many of these proposals and options. Each memorandum provides an actuarial analysis showing the estimated effect on the financial status of the OASDI program.
These memoranda are provided in Portable Document Format (PDF), which we recommend for printing (requires Adobe Acrobat Reader). Some of the memoranda are also available in HTML format.
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M 24 Belt Pack Inflatable SUP PFD
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|Onyx M-24 Belt Pack SUP Lifejacket - The M-24 belt pack PFD by Onyx is an excellent choice for stand-up paddleboarding. This convenient, compact belt-style pack allows for total freedom of and stays clear of your stroke. This low-profile design is so comfortable that you will likely forget that you are even wearing a PFD. In the event that you do need flotation, a simple tug on the ReliaPull Guide tab activates the CO2 cartridge and inflates the the jacket. Then pull the M-24 over your head and secure in place. There is also a manual inflation tube for backup. An air mesh comfort pad on the belt increases comfort, and the zippered storage pocket gives you a place for small essentials. The Onyx M-24 stand-up PFD provides the safety and peace of mind of a lifejacket without without getting in your way.
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Kenneth Brian Bowman
Position: C
Height: 6-3 Weight: 230 lbs.
Born: December 15, 1942 in Milan, IL
High School: Rock Island
College: Wisconsin (school history)
Drafted by the New York Jets in the 10th round (75th overall) of the 1964 AFL Draft.
Drafted by the Green Bay Packers in the 8th round (111th overall) of the 1964 NFL Draft.
Weighted Career AV (100-95-...): 40 (2273rd overall since 1950)


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Big Homestand Opens with 69-46 Win Over Cornell for Womens Basketball
Box Score
The Princeton women's basketball team did its part to stay tied for first place in the Ivy League with a 69-46 victory over Cornell Friday night at Jadwin Gym.
The Tigers (19-7, 10-2) remain knotted for top billing in the league with Penn, who beat Columbia 65-50. Princeton's weekend will close with the Lions on Saturday at 6 p.m., before the regular season finale versus the Quakers Tuesday with hopes of a fifth straight Ivy title on the line.
While the end goal is in sight, the Tigers were adamant about not getting ahead of themselves. From start to finish Princeton controlled all aspects of the game versus Cornell.
The Tigers jumped out to an 8-0 advantage by 16:51 and established a double figure lead three minutes later, 13-3. It would be the closest the Big Red would get for the remainder of the contest.
Coming off its shakeup at Brown last weekend, Princeton was able to rely on its entire lineup in the all-around team win.
Alex Wheatley scored a game-high 14 points on 7-of-13 shooting and added six rebounds, three blocks, two steals and an assist in 19 minutes of work.
In a well-distributed effort where 10 different players recorded points, the bench scored 32 and was led by Nicole Hung's season-high 12 points. She went 5-for-8 from the field with a pair of triples and had five boards, two assists and two steals in 23 minutes.
The Tigers were able to bank return on their 48-34 rebounding advantage, including 19 offensive boards, which resulted in 16 second chance points.
After setting up its 10-point advantage, Princeton continued to pounce and grew its to 22 over the opening period. Up 37-17 at the break, the Tigers continued to pressure the Big Red defense and saw their lead swell to as high as 26.
On the opposite end of the floor, the Tiger defense forced 17 Cornell turnovers and converted them into 27 points.
Princeton finished shooting 40.0 percent (28-for-70) from the field to Cornell's 31.5 percent (17-for-54). The Big Red were held 0-for-6 on shot attempts from beyond the arc, while the Tigers collected seven baskets from downtown.
With the win, Princeton sweeps the season series versus Cornell and extends its win streak to 12.


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This week, NASA celebrated its 55th anniversary. On July 29, 1958, President Eisenhower signed into law the National Aeronautics and Space Act, which authorized the creation of a new civilian agency named the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA). The act formalized the United States' predominantly military space operations and also marked the end of the 42-year-old National Advisory Committee for Aeronautics, which previously provided oversight on the existing disparate pre-spaceflight activities underway across the country.
NASA's foundation came at a time when tensions between the United States and the Soviet Union were significantly ramping up. The launch of Sputnik by the Soviets in October 1957 has a clear subtext beneath the scientific overtones—the Soviets controlled the high ground and could overfly the United States from orbit with total impunity. Nuclear war was considered a real possibility, and its likelihood would only increase over the next five years.
Although it was a civilian agency, NASA's formation was a highly political action—as was its goal. Thanks to conversations between President Kennedy and Deputy Director Hugh Dryden, the agency was targeted almost from its inception at landing Americans on the moon. The accomplishment would be mostly symbolic—at least at first—but it had two hidden bonuses. First, the estimated cost of tens of billions of tax dollars pumped into private industry across the country would ensure its popularity with the US people. More importantly, it was also designed to force the Soviets to spend their own money on a matching effort, the existence of which the Soviets denied until just before the USSR's dissolution.
Running out of the gate: Mercury and Gemini
In the early years, all roads led to Apollo... but those roads were utterly unmapped. In order to land on the moon, NASA engineers and managers designed a decade-long set of tests to figure out how to create the materials, procedures, and technology necessary to land on the moon. The first step was proving humans could survive and operate in space; to that end, Project Mercury started with seven highly trained pilots and transformed them into the United States' first astronauts. Shepard, Grissom, Cooper, Schirra, Slayton, Glenn, and Carpenter—many of the names, even today, still have a celebrity ring to them. The seven Mercury astronauts were treated as heroes and gods by the media of the day, and even though Project Mercury didn't put a human in space before the Soviets managed it, it blazed its own parallel trail as fast as their rockets could take them.
After Mercury came Project Gemini, with bigger spacecraft and more ambitious missions. Gemini's goal was to prove that humans could survive outside of their spacecraft (something which the Soviets again did first), and also to allow NASA to figure out how rendezvous in orbit worked—knowledge absolutely critical to landing on the moon.
Gemini and Mercury were stunning successes. We were on our way.
Alan B. Shepard takes flight in Freedom 7 on May 5, 1961. Shepard's 15-minute suborbital flight marks the first manned Mercury mission and the first time an American entered space. Keenly aware of the political pressure to have a successful launch, Shepard is (apocryphally) credited with coining "Shepard's Prayer" shortly before the launch.
Alan B. Shepard takes flight in Freedom 7 on May 5, 1961. Shepard's 15-minute suborbital flight marks the first manned Mercury mission and the first time an American entered space. Keenly aware of the political pressure to have a successful launch, Shepard is (apocryphally) credited with coining "Shepard's Prayer" shortly before the launch.
The second Mercury flight, Gus Grissom in Liberty Bell 7, did not end as successfully as Shepard's. The spacecraft's hatch blew out shortly after splashdown, almost drowning Grissom and causing the capsule to be lost beneath the ocean's surface. Grissom is pictured here on the deck of the recovery ship, the USS Randolph, with no small amount of emotion visible on his face. Later investigation proved conclusively that Grissom was not responsible for the hatch's failure; he remained in the astronaut corps and was a front-runner to command the first moon landing attempt.
John Glenn, the first American to orbit the Earth, inspects his capsule (Friendship 7) during training.
The first two manned suborbital Mercury flights used the small Redstone missile to carry the spacecraft and astronaut on a parabolic arc; orbital Mercury flights needed the larger Atlas rocket to provide enough delta-v to reach orbit. Pictured here is a Mercury test capsule perched atop an Atlas-D booster.
After Mercury came Gemini. The larger Gemini spacecraft held two astronauts instead of one, seated side-by-side with the commander on the left, just as in an airplane. Here, Jim McDivitt and Ed White simulate a Gemini launch during training.
Gemini VI launches on its Titan II rocket. Gemini VI and VII were launched closely together and were both in orbit at the same time; NASA used the two spacecraft to test and refine its rendezvous procedures. It is the only time two US spacecraft have operated in orbit at the same time (excepting shuttle / ISS operations).
Looking out the cockpit window of Gemini VI at Gemini VII, mere meters away.
During Gemini IV, in June of 1965, Astronaut Ed White became the first American to "spacewalk"—to leave the confines of a spacecraft and operate outside, performing what has come to be known as extravehicular activity, or EVA.
Patricia McDivitt and Patricia White, wives of Jim McDivitt and Ed White, were on hand at the Mission Operations and Control Room during part of the Gemini IV mission. They were able to speak to their husbands over the air-to-ground radio.
NASA Flight Director Gene Kranz sits at his console in the MOCR during Gemini V in August, 1965.
Neil Armstrong and Dave Scott hang out in their Gemini VII spacecraft after splashdown, awaiting recovery.
The giant leap
Project Apollo flew toward its goal with sure feet—until the entire program was halted with the deaths of Gus Grissom, Ed White, and Roger Chaffee in the Apollo 1 fire. Critically called "a failure of imagination," the fire was technically the result of frayed wiring sparking in an environment of pure, pressurized oxygen—but more correctly, the fire was the result of NASA management and engineers moving too fast to meet what seemed like an impossible end-of-decade deadline.
However, the stumble was short-lived. With new rules in place and an improved spacecraft, NASA gathered itself up and, through the combined efforts of more than 400,000 men and women scattered through all corners of the US, won the race. On July 20, 1969, just shy of eight years after President Kennedy's special address to Congress where the moon landing was officially announced to the public, humans set foot on another world for the first time in the history of our species.
The crew of Apollo 1: Gus Grissom, Ed White, and Roger Chaffee. All three were killed on January 27, 1967 by a fire during what was supposed to have been a routine ground test of the Block 1 Apollo command and service module. In order to simulate the vehicle's pressure while in vacuum, the cabin was pressurized with 16.7 PSI of pure oxygen. A tiny spark from frayed wiring rapidly transformed the capsule's interior into an inferno. The crew were asphyxiated and quickly died; the resulting investigation uncovered mismanagement and issues at many different levels of NASA. Somewhat presciently, Gus Grissom had commented on exactly this kind of situation before his death: "If we die," he wrote, "we want people to accept it. We are in a risky business, and we hope that if anything happens to us, it will not delay the program. The conquest of space is worth the risk of life."
The crew of Apollo 1: Gus Grissom, Ed White, and Roger Chaffee. All three were killed on January 27, 1967 by a fire during what was supposed to have been a routine ground test of the Block 1 Apollo command and service module. In order to simulate the vehicle's pressure while in vacuum, the cabin was pressurized with 16.7 PSI of pure oxygen. A tiny spark from frayed wiring rapidly transformed the capsule's interior into an inferno. The crew were asphyxiated and quickly died; the resulting investigation uncovered mismanagement and issues at many different levels of NASA. Somewhat presciently, Gus Grissom had commented on exactly this kind of situation before his death: "If we die," he wrote, "we want people to accept it. We are in a risky business, and we hope that if anything happens to us, it will not delay the program. The conquest of space is worth the risk of life."
Wernher Von Braun and President Kennedy at Cape Canaveral, discussing one of the early Saturn rockets being built. Von Braun was a former German scientist, rescued (though some might say stolen) from Germany at the end of World War II and put to work on the US' rocketry program. He spearheaded the design effort that resulted in the massive Saturn V rocket.
Standing more than 400 feet tall atop the Crawler Transporter and its mobile launcher, the Saturn V and red Launch Utility Tower are wheeled slowly out of the Vertical Assembly Building (later renamed the Vehicle Assembly Building in the shuttle era) at Cape Kennedy, Florida.
Apollo 11 blast off from the pad at Launch Complex 39A on July 16, 1969. With Apollo 11, NASA managed to meet Kennedy's challenge to land on the moon at the end of the decade with several months to spare.
Moonwalker Buzz Aldrin in the cabin of Eagle, Apollo 11's lunar module.
In one of the most famous and most reproduced photographs ever taken, Buzz Aldrin stands in the foreground at Mare Tranquillitatis. Visible in his gold-plated visor is Neil Armstrong, who took the photo.
The view out of Neil Armstrong's landing window in Eagle. Flag and footprints are clearly visible. Also of note is the abnormally close horizon; the moon's small diameter plays havoc with our Earth-developed ability to estimate distances.
Buzz Aldrin's footprint in the regolith. This is another widely reproduced iconic photo.
Neil Armstrong, shortly after returning to Eagle's cabin. The Ohio native was just shy of his 38th birthday when he commanded the first lunar landing.
Earthrise, taken from Apollo 11's command module Columbia.
In yet another reminder that nothing about space travel is routine, flight directors huddle in MOCR2 discussing the stricken Apollo 13 mission. While in transit to the moon, one of the spacecraft's oxygen tanks exploded, crippling the command and service module.
The Apollo 13 crew used their lunar module, Aquarius, as a temporary lifeboat during the mission. Aquarius couldn't handle the amount of carbon dioxide exhaled by all three astronauts and, quite famously, couldn't use the command module's extra scrubber cartridges because they were square while the lunar module's were round. NASA engineers very quickly designed a makeshift method to connect the square cartridges to the round receptacles, using only the materials the crew had access to on board. This is famously dramatized in Ron Howard's film, Apollo 13: "We gotta find a way to make this fit into the hole for this using nothing but that."
Only after returning to earth and preparing for re-entry did the magnitude of the damage to the Apollo 13 service module become apparent. The exploding oxygen tank had shredded one entire quadrant of the service module; it was feared right up to splashdown that the explosion had also damaged the spacecraft's heat shield. Fortunately it had not, and the crew returned safely. Apollo 13 has come to be known as "NASA's finest hour" due to the resourcefulness demonstrated by engineers and management in returning the crew alive and unharmed.
A space pickup truck and a house to live in
Apollo, for all its awesome achievements, was executed with effectively unlimited funds—and because of that, in spite of its success, the program was quickly terminated. It has been famously lamented by more than one astronaut and by several scientists that NASA stopped going to the moon just as they were getting really good at it.
Several programs made use of surplus Apollo hardware—the Skylab program launched a space station made up of a Saturn V's S-IVB upper stage into orbit and used Apollo spacecraft to ferry crew to it; the final Apollo flight was the Apollo-Soyuz Test Project, where a US and Soviet spacecraft docked in orbit and the crew exchanged symbolic gifts and ate a meal together.
But the future, NASA felt, was in reusable spacecraft. All previous US spacecraft had been single-shot affairs, but in order to make access to space truly affordable, NASA envisioned their next craft as fully reusable end-to-end. It would launch like a rocket, ferry people or cargo to space, land like a plane, be refitted, and launch again days later. NASA initially wanted this Space Transport System, or STS, to fly dozens of times in any given month. Space flight would become safe, cheap, and routine.
Of course, the Space Shuttle never flew dozens of times per month—or even dozens of times per year. The resulting vehicle was designed with input from lots of government agencies, including the NRO and the Air Force, as NASA hoped to drive down its aggregate launch costs by hauling military payloads to orbit along with civilian ones.
In January 1986, the world was reminded that space travel was not routine when the shuttle Challenger was destroyed on launch. As with the Apollo 1 fire, the problem ultimately had its roots in NASA's management and culture more than in the technical. Unusually cold temperatures the morning before Challenger's launch caused rubber gaskets in its solid rocket motors to become brittle. The temperatures were far below those in which the gaskets had been designed to operate, but NASA management approved the launch anyway. Seven men and women, including a teacher, lost their lives in the accident.
The shuttle program continued, and its goals evolved. After struggling through many different design iterations, NASA and several other countries began work on the International Space Station (ISS), which would go on to become one of the most expensive construction projects in the history of the world. The ISS relied on the lifting capacity of the Space Shuttle fleet to move its parts into orbit (though a station of similar mass could have been lofted by just five Saturn V rockets rather than the dozens and dozens of shuttle flights necessary). More than twice as many spacewalks than had previously occurred in the entire history of space flight were required to bolt the ISS's modules together. The station slowly grew from a pair of docked modules to a sprawling complex bigger than an American football field.
The era of the shuttle drew to a close, but not without a final tragedy. Columbia, the oldest of the orbiter fleet (except for poor mothballed Enterprise) was destroyed on February 1, 2003. Columbia was lost due to a design decision made early in the shuttle program: a piece of foam sheared off of its external tank and collided with the fragile panels on the leading edge of its left wing, which in turn allowed superheated plasma to infiltrate its structure during re-entry. The shuttle's position next to its tankage instead of on top of it, as all previous spacecraft were placed, contributed more than anything else to the accident.
Once again, seven men and women died. I remember attending the memorial service at the Johnson Space Center. It was a hard day.
In spite of tragedy, the program marched on. The remaining shuttle fleet completed construction on the International Space Station, which is even now whizzing along above our heads, still alive, doing science.
After Apollo, NASA used the leftover hardware for several different stopgap missions. One of the most ambitious was Skylab, which was a space station made out of a Saturn V S-IVB upper stage. More surplus Apollo spacecraft were used to crew and service Skylab. The station was manned from 1973 to 1974 and de-orbited in 1979.
After Apollo, NASA used the leftover hardware for several different stopgap missions. One of the most ambitious was Skylab, which was a space station made out of a Saturn V S-IVB upper stage. More surplus Apollo spacecraft were used to crew and service Skylab. The station was manned from 1973 to 1974 and de-orbited in 1979.
Former Mercury astronaut Deke Slayton never got his chance to fly in the Mercury days—he was grounded because of a recurring atrial fibrillation and ran NASA's astronaut corps as chief astronaut, where he selected the crews that flew the Apollo missions. The final Apollo flight in 1975 was to be a joint US-USSR rendezvous named the Apollo-Soyuz Test Project; after undergoing a lengthy medical check-out, Slayton somewhat controversially selected himself as one of the crew (though not as the mission's commander). After the longest ever delay between selection and mission assignment, Slayton finally got his gold astronaut wings.
OV-101, the first spacecraft to be named Enterprise, conducts an approach and landing test in 1977. Enterprise—so named as a result of a letter writing campaign conducted by Star Trek fans—flew on her own a total of five times in 1977 and allowed astronauts to practice gliding the space shuttle to a landing. She was also used to perform fit and structural tests for other shuttle stack components and to check out the fit of shuttle hardware at launch sites.
Columbia takes flight as STS-01, the inaugural lift-off of the space shuttle program. Initially, the space shuttle's external tank was painted white (both for heat resistance and also to match the rest of the vehicle), but after the first two flights NASA dropped the paint in order to save several hundred pounds of weight.
Columbia glides overhead on final approach as her second mission, STS-02, comes to an end.
Photo of Challenger during STS-7, taken by the Space Pallet Satellite after being released from the cargo bay.
Astronaut Bruce McCandless II floats farther away from his spacecraft than any other astronaut has before or since. McCandless was testing the Manned Maneuvering Unit, a jet-powered backpack intended to let astronauts move around in EVA untethered. In this famous image, from STS-41B, McCandless is approximately 320 feet (97 meters) away from Challenger
Image of ice on the pad on the morning of January 28, 1986. The unexpectedly cold weather was outside of the operational parameters of the solid rocket boosters' large rubber gaskets ("O-rings"), but NASA management elected to fly anyway.
In this image taken moments before Challenger's disintegration, burn-through from the failing O-ring is clearly visible. The plume of propellent extended horizontally from the site of the failure, puncturing the external tank. The shuttle stack quickly broke apart; evidence suggests that the crew was likely alive and possibly even conscious during the interminable, horrifying 165-second plunge to the surface of the ocean.
Challenger's remains are permanently interred here in a repurposed missile silo at the Kennedy Space Center's Launch Complex 31.
No pause lasts forever. NASA put its house in order and got back to flying. Here, Atlantis rockets away from the pad as STS-27. This was the second flight after the hiatus brought about by the Challenger disaster.
The space shuttle does what only the space shuttle can do. Discovery services the Hubble Space Telescope on STS-82, replacing many of the telescope's sensors. Servicing satellites on-orbit was one of the many initial design goals of the shuttle; the enormous cost of shuttle operations eventually made this capability less economical than simply launching new satellites. However, on rare occasions like with the Hubble, the shuttle was exactly the right tool for the job.
The oldest member of the fleet, Columbia, was lost on February 1, 2003. I was working at Boeing at the time, and I was one of many who dropped flowers off at this memorial at the main gate outside of the Johnson Space Center. On February 4, I was also among the hundreds who gathered at JSC to attend the memorial service. At the end, a flight of T-38s screamed barely 200 feet overhead in the Missing Man formation. I will remember the sights and sounds of that moment for the rest of my life.
After Columbia, shuttles began to perform an elaborate pirouette as they approached the International Space Station for docking. The purpose was to present every portion of the shuttle to the ISS crew for visual inspection to make sure no chunks of foam had nicked any tiles. Here, Discovery serenely keeps station just off of the ISS while the crew looks her over for damage.
STS-130 was the penultimate flight of Endeavour and also the final night launch of the shuttle program. I was lucky enough to be in attendance at the STS-130 launch, and I got to see Endeavour fling herself skyward with my own eyes. As she pierced the cloud layer, light from her rockets instantly diffused through the clouds and brought a brief false dawn to the Florida coast.
From small beginnings, great things are grown. Here, in December 1998, the US-built Unity module ("Node 1") is docked to the Russian Zarya Functional Cargo Block. It was the first component connection for the International Space Station.
Construction proceeded apace for more than ten years, and the billions of dollars began to multiply. In December 2000, the station had gained many more modules, including the first of four enormous wing-like solar panels.
Building the ISS required a tremendous amount of training; astronauts (and cosmonauts) from assorted countries learned a tremendous amount about construction techniques in microgravity.
Here, two astronauts work on one of the station's Integrated Truss Structure modules. The truss is the ISS' most visually recognizable component and stretches across the station's transverse axis. It holds the station's solar panels, radiators, and many other structures.
The ISS in 2011, with most of its core component modules in place.
Ever faithful: Far-flung robotic servants
For all the glamour of astronauts and their flags and footprints, there is another hugely important aspect of NASA: its robotic probes and spacecraft. If manned space flight stirs the soul, robot space flight has expanded the mind. A comprehensive accounting of the probes and robots dispatched by NASA would fill its own huge, long-form article; we can focus on just a few.
The two Voyager spacecraft, best-known of NASA's deep space probes, passed through the outer planets and delivered stunning imagery and data. They will be the first man-made objects to leave the solar system.
Before Voyager, the twin Pioneer probes charted the outer solar system and beamed back their own images and observations; taken together, Pioneer and Voyager are the most distant objects that have been touched by human hands.
And, of course, we must make mention of the wildly successful—and wildly popular—Mars rovers. Sojourner, Spirit, Opportunity, and now Curiosity—no collection of machines have received as much adulation and praise as those little cars on Mars. Even if humans have for now ceased leaving the confines of our world, we still explore through our surrogates.
Pioneer 10 in 1971. The spacecraft was one of the first man-made objects to visit the outer solar system.
Pioneer 10 in 1971. The spacecraft was one of the first man-made objects to visit the outer solar system.
Drawing of the plaque affixed to the Pioneer probe's exteriors. The plaque uses the hyperfine transition of hydrogen to define units of time, which are then used to describe the position of our solar system relative to 14 pulsars (with their frequency described in binary notation derived from the hyperfine transition). Also visible are a nude man and woman, positioned next to a rough representation of the Pioneer spacecraft for scale.
The much larger, much more capable Voyager probes followed Pioneer. Voyager 1 and 2 were constructed to take advantage of a "grand conjunction" of the solar system's outer planets—the planets' relative proximity to each other made it possible to fly by many of them in a single visit.
The Voyager probes were equipped with a "Golden Record," inscribed with voices, music, and sounds from Earth. The cover of the record, shown here, featured instructions on how to play the record with its included cartridge, and also how to interpret the video images contained on the disk. The Golden Record contained the same pulsar-based map on how to locate our solar system, but it did not show the same naked man and woman figures; their inclusion on the Pioneer plaques drew public criticism over pornography in space. (Seriously.)
The Voyager spacecraft returned a veritable cornucopia of data on the outer planets, including stunning images of Jupiter and Saturn.
The next visitor to the Jupiter system was the Galileo probe in 1995. The probe was originally scheduled to be launched on Atlantis in 1986, but the Challenger disaster postponed it for many years. Finally launched in 1989, Galileo spent eight years doing science around Jupiter.
NASA has spent a lot of attention on Mars, our nearest planetary neighbor. The Viking probes were the first American spacecraft to touch down on the red planet; shown here is an image sent back from Viking 2 from its landing spot at Utopia Planitia.
The twin rovers Spirit and Opportunity made big headlines when they reached the Martian surface in 2004. Originally designed for only 90 "sols" (Martian days) of operation, both rovers clobbered their expected design life. Spirit's mission was officially ended on May 25 2011, while Opportunity continues to soldier bravely on.
This is an image of a rock named "Esperance," taken by Opportunity. Analysis of the rock's mineral content points to the likelihood that it was altered by water at some point in the distant past.
The Mars Science Laboratory Rover, Curiosity, under construction in late 2011 at NASA's Jet Propulsion Lab in California. Curiosity is the largest, most sophisticated planetary rover ever constructed.
A "selfie" taken by Curiosity (actually assembled from a mosaic of selfies). The rover captured the public's imagination with its daring, Rube Goldberg-ian skycrane touchdown on Mars.
The next 55 years
The future for NASA is complex. I'm a fan of space—in case you haven't figured that out yet—but NASA is an agency undergoing a crisis of leadership. There is no clear mission for NASA's manned space flight directorate, and that lack of mission can be blamed squarely on Congress and on NASA's administrators. There is no inspiring plan, no consistent messaging, no sensible goal, and, most damning, there is insufficient funding to accomplish any mission of significance (and a manned asteroid landing, the agency's current, vaguely stated goal, is not a mission of significance in my opinion).
If this set of image galleries seems biased toward the glories of the past, there is reason: NASA is not now what it was. Decades of stagnation and bad leadership across multiple levels of management have caused the agency to take on the aspect of a nursing-home-bound pensioner—once lively and spry and able to accomplish literally anything, and now plodding forward while spending an inordinate amount of time recalling past glories. My generation, raised in the 1980s and 90s, has had no moon shot—no triumph of science and imagination. Instead, we've been able to see mankind venture timidly back and forth into low Earth orbit, never even leaving its own front yard. It is more than disappointing—it's dispiriting.
I expect more from an agency whose mission by its very nature is designed to generate awe. NASA is failing, and it deserves to be saved.
Listing image by NASA


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In these pages is presented a brief outline of the life of that eminent saint and gospel laborer, Elder WILSON THOMPSON, whose praise is in many churches.
Preface to First Edition
The work is the product of the elder's own pen, and the following is a statement of its Contents as given in his own peculiar style: "A biographical sketch of the life and travels of Wilson Thompson, containing his views of many texts of Scripture, points of doctrine thought to be mysterious, and some matters of controversy, together with a very concise history of the old order of regular Baptist churches in the West, especially those of which he has been a member, or of which he had the privilege, from time to time, to serve as their pastor or called minister."
The reader will not look upon this volume as "a literary production of great merit", for the writer never had the advantage of a scholastic education. It is simply an unpretending narrative of ministerial labors by one whose only learning was to know his Bible through.Born of humble parents, at a time when schools were few, especially in country districts, it was not to be expected that the son of a poor backwoodsman could acquire the learning of the schools, whether literary or theological.He was, however, early introduced into the school of Christ, where both head and heart were taught and trained in the best of all knowledge, and himself fitted, in an extraordinary degree, for future usefulness.In this school he continued to his dying day, an humble yet earnest scholar. He shrank not from a personal application of the rule of discipleship as laid down by our divine Master: "Whosoever will come after me let him deny himself, and take up his cross and follow me." He was ever more anxious to know his Lord's will, however painful, that he might do it, than to listen to the suggestions of the natural feelings when they would incline him to seek ease and comfort.Without pledging the reader to a belief in all the theological views of our deceased parent, we will be excused this humble eulogium on one whose memory is sacred to our hearts. "Few in any age of the church, since the days of the apostles, have labored more unselfishly to promote the cause of true and undefiled religion than has our father—Elder Wilson Thompson."Commending this little volume to the candid and indulgent consideration of the friends of the deceased, among whom it will chiefly be circulated, we feel no hesitation in saying, that to them as well as to us— "He being dead yet speaketh."-- HIS CHILDREN, 1867 CHAPTER ONEWhen the memoirs of a man are preserved in book form, the reader is very apt to inquire, "Of what stock or blood was he? To gratify this solicitude, I answer: I have learned that my great-grandmother was an English lady, and that she married a Welshman, whose name was Jones.Whether this marriage took place before they came to America or after, I have not learned; but all their children were born in America. I have no knowledge of any more than five of them; and, most likely, there were no more. At all events, of those who lived to maturity, two were sons, and three were daughters.James, the eldest son, lived to old age. Although poor, he was, nevertheless, comfortable and respectable, and was a beloved member of the regular Baptist church for many years before his death.Thomas, the other son, became somewhat wealthy; he raised a large family, and died in a good old age. He also was an esteemed member of the Baptist church.Nancy, one of the daughters, was remarkable for being a good singer and poetess and for her knowledge in the Scriptures and divine things. As a sister in the church she was highly esteemed. She married a man by the name of Whitaker, raised a respectable family, and died in old age.The other two daughters, Mary and Jane, were my grand-mothers, my father and mother being cousins. Mary, the elder of these two, married a man by the name of McDonnell, by whom she had one son. Her husband died, and she then married a raw Irish Presbyterian by the name of James Wilson, by whom she raised a family of girls. These all married. Elizabeth, the oldest, married Joseph Holman; Nancy married Charles Reynolds; Mary married William Wilson; and Rebecca, the youngest, married Gloss Thompson, my father.Jane Jones, my other grandmother, (my father's mother) first married a man by the name of Lee, by whom she had a son and a daughter. The son became the celebrated Baptist minister whose praise was in many of the churches, and who was known as Elder James Lee. The daughter married Bethuel Riggs, who also became a Baptist minister of note. After the birth of these two children Elder Lee died, and Jane, the widow, married Gloss Thompson, a cross-blood of Scotch and German, and my father was the first child of this marriage.So, friendly reader, you see the blood of England, Wales, Scotland, Ireland, and Germany mingles in my veins, yet I myself, and parents, and grandparents, except my mother's father, were natives of America. All of them stood firm in the American cause during the Revolutionary struggle.After the independence of the United States was achieved, my father and his next brother, Lawrence, left their native state, North Carolina, and spent one year (perhaps A. D. 1786) as pioneers in the dense forests of Kentucky, among the wild beasts and savage Indians. I have often sat spellbound while hearing my father relate the many dangers and hairbreadth escapes of his border life, and those of the Revolution.After spending about one year in Kentucky, he returned to North Carolina and married Rebecca Wilson, and, shortly after, again moved to Kentucky. So, in the fall of 1787, he, and all his father's family, and all my mother's father's family, also, came to dwell in the forests of what the Indians called "the bloody land", where my parents passed through many of those thrilling alarms and trying privations incident to border warfare and to the settling of Kentucky in particular.I was the first born of my parents, and my birth took place on the 17th day of August, A. D. 1788, in Woodford County, at Hillsborough, Clear Creek. But my first recollection of anything was of Madison County, not far from Richmond, on the waters of Silver Creek. The whole family of my race, down to my own parents, generally lived to an old age. They died at ages varying from seventy to eighty years, except my father's mother, who lived to one hundred and four years.This sketch may suffice as to my blood, parentage, and My ancestors were all of the old stock of regular Baptists, with but few exceptions.One of my mother's sisters was a Methodist, but her father, who came to America from "Emerald Isle" a Presbyterian, became a Baptist many ears before his death. My father was raised and christened (as sprinkling was called) in the Church of England, became Baptist before my recollection, and filled the office of a deacon from my first memory until his death, which occurred in fifty-fourth year of his age. My mother was about four ears younger, and died about four years after him.Now I shall proceed more particularly to narrate my own history. As stated above, I was born on the 17th day of August, A. D. 1788, the first child of my parents. It was thought that both mother and child must immediately die. The friends were called in, and Elder James Lee, my father's half-brother, being then a young preacher, was requested to engage in prayer. During his prayer, by some special impulse access at the throne of grace, he received such full assurance that, rising from his knees, he boldly said to all present that the child would be a man for God, to preach the gospel of His grace. He then gave special charge to my father respecting my education. This conviction of his never subsided, but continued undiminished, and he often spoke of it to various persons, and at different places, always with the same assurance.All this, however, was kept from me until after I began to preach.I was not sent to college, for I suppose my father did not feel able to send me from home and pay my board and tuition fees. As a further drawback to my education, I must add, that the country being new and thinly settled, the little schooling I received was obtained by walking morning and evening, over a very hilly pathway, a distance of about four miles. By the time I was able to walk this far to school, I was also able to work at home. Father having lost two tracts of land by the bad titles of Kentucky, and, about this time having bought new lands in the green woods, my labor was much needed in the opening of a farm. And so the little schooling I could get was only a few days at a time. Yet, in this scattering way, I picked up a little knowledge of spelling, reading, arithmetic, and English grammar. Nothing was perfected. I acquired only a mere smattering of either. In those days teachers had but little qualifications and were distinguished for bad habits in reading, and worse, if possible, in pronunciation. When I commenced preaching I could not read a chapter nor a hymn intelligently. The little learning I have, I got by myself without a teacher, except books; and, being poor, and having a family to support by the labor of my own hands, my opportunity for study and improvement was exceedingly limited, and, of course, my progress tardy.I know but little of my childhood worth recording. Neither of my parents had made any profession of vital Christianity at the period of my birth. I grew up like other "backwoods" boys. In my infancy my father and mother both professed vital religion and became members of a regular Baptist church. My father, moreover, was a deacon of the church. Among the earliest events of my recollection was seeing him pass around the bread and wine at the Lord's Supper. I have heard him and Mother relate one event that was truly strange to them. It was this: My father became deeply impressed on some point of Scriptural doctrine, which called up imperfectly to his memory some text in point, but the precise words and the connection of the text, he could not remember. He turned to his Bible, but after a long and fruitless search for the passage he gave it up, concluding that there was no such text. Having closed the book, he sat with it in his hands. When I came to his knees, I took the book and opened it, turning the leaves as it lay on his lap, and when I had placed my finger on a certain spot, he looked at the place and there the long-sought text. This was when I was a little infant and had no knowledge of the use of books or letters. These, with some other similar events, I have heard my parents and relate, but all occurred before my memory, and I nothing of them until after I began to preach.
The Primitive or Old School Baptists cling to the doctrines and practices held by Baptist Churches throughout America at the close of the Revolutionary War. This site is dedicated to providing access to our rich heritage, with both historic and contemporary writings.