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Green Budget Europe
- Date submitted: 1 Nov 2011
- Stakeholder type: Major Group
- Name: Green Budget Europe
- Submission Document: Download
Full SubmissionEnvironmental Fiscal Reform (EFR)
The key to achieving a green economy
GBE demands for the Rio+20 summit
? Removal of market distortions which work against the environment and climate change mitigation, by means of the internalisation of external costs, must be agreed to constitute a fundamental principle of a green economy by governments in Rio.
? EFR - the abolition of environmentally harmful subsidies and the introduction or increase of environmental taxes - must be identified as one of the most central and fast instruments for the realisation of a green economy. All governments must make a concrete commitment to implement EFR in the immediate future.
? Industrialised countries should lead the way by committing to raise the share of environmental taxes in overall taxation to at least 10% and phase out all environmentally harmful subsidies - both by 2020.
Green economy - a fig leaf for business as usual?
A green economy is one which ensures that the market treats humanity, the environment and capital, at least on an equal basis, in terms of taxation, legislation, accounting, and so on. Green economy has become the new buzzword in sustainable development. However, neither the requirement to fundamentally reform the way our economies work, nor the urgency of making such changes to prevent dangerous climate change and irreversible environmental deterioration are reflected in the current policy discourse. For the concept not to become a meaningless mantra or, worse, to be misused as a fig-leaf for a capitalism painted green and stripped of the social objectives of sustainable development, concrete principles and objectives for a green economy must be agreed upon by governments at the Rio+20 summit.
Our ecological objective is clear: to avoid catastrophic environmental change, humanity must stay within defined planetary Boundaries for a range of earth-system processes. These planetary Boundaries have already been overstepped in relation to CO2 concentrations in the atmosphere, radiative forcing, rate of biodiversity loss, and the amount of nitrogen removed from the atmosphere for human use. Consumption of natural resources is also rapidly reaching unsustainable levels - Europeans today consume an average of 16 tonnes per year, while the UNEP International Resource Panel estimates that global annual consumption of 6 tonnes per capita is sustainable. The realization of a green economy will require a number of policy measures. However, the most fundamental must be to ensure that prices tell the ecological truth and provide steady incentives for environmental improvements, particularly by correcting market distortions that encourage pollution and the depletion of natural resources. EFR is an essential tool for the realisation of this process and should be at the centre of the move to a green economy. Other market based instruments should not be ruled out, but they do not act with the force and speed of EFR.
EFR as a tool to bring about radical change
The IPCC?s Fourth Assessment Report in 2007 identified market distortions as one of the most significant barriers to climate change mitigation. Because the market price of certain environmentally damaging goods and services does not reflect their environmental, social and economic costs, false prices in the market encourage polluting or high-emitting behaviours. Costs not internalised in market prices have to be paid by those populations most vulnerable to climate change and environmental deterioration, as well as by future generations.
EFR redistributes the burden of taxation, and reforms mechanisms within the fiscal system, so that environmentally harmful activities become more costly, thus creating appropriate price signals for producers and consumers to reduce pollution and inefficient energy and resource use. EFR can therefore correct market failures, because it includes the costs of environmental and social damage or resource use in the price of a particular pollutant or resource, e.g. by means of a tax, or as a result of the removal of an environmentally harmful tax exemption or subsidy. Correcting these market failures improves economic efficiency and raises additional revenues, which be used e.g. to reduce the tax burden elsewhere, for poverty alleviation, or to reduce budget deficits and thus contribute to solving the current fiscal and economic crisis.
Implementing comprehensive EFR means that a country?s spending and annual budgeting, its taxation policy, and the markets within and beyond its borders, are designed and act in such a way that they protect the environment. Thus, EFR harnesses the power of the market ? one of the most influential mechanisms policy makers can use to change behaviour, particularly that of diverse and diffuse actors ? to reduce environmental damage. Markets and price signals which consistently act in favour of environmental protection and greener economic development will change the way we produce and consume goods and enhance energy and resource efficiency.
There is considerable evidence that the relative price changes resulting from EFR as a stand-alone instrument can achieve significant greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions reductions. Indeed some EU countries, e.g. Sweden and Denmark, have achieved conclusive decoupling of GDP growth and GHG emissions. Econometric modelling has demonstrated that global cooperation on the introduction of a radical environmental tax reform in 2010 could cause GHG emissions to decline by as soon as 2020 with relatively low impacts on GDP growth (Ekins 2009). In the absence of alternative policy proposals predicted to bring about anything close to this level of emissions reduction, we can ill afford to ignore the case in favour of EFR.
Environmental fiscal reform in developing and industrialising economies EFR tends to be overlooked in the context of industrialising and developing economies, in spite of the fact that it has the potential to make even rapid economic development in e.g. the BRICS, compatible with environmental and sustainability goals.
In these countries, where governments collect comparatively low levels of tax revenue, it may be preferable to use environmental taxes to raise additional revenues for e.g. health or welfare, rather than to implement a green tax shift.
Environmental taxes have a particular appeal in the context of developing and industrialising economies, as they are often easy to implement, difficult to evade and have low administrative costs. A tax on transport fuels, for example, can use collection mechanisms already in place for excise duties and target a small number of taxpayers, thus keeping evasion to a minimum. Additionally, most environmental taxes are designed to be progressive. This is the case for transport taxes, for example, particularly in lower income countries where motorisation rates are low. Where regressive impacts are a concern, flanking measures can be implemented ? e.g. compensation mechanisms or support in switching to alternative technologies or behaviours ? to protect the socially vulnerable from the impact of increased energy or resource prices. Environmental taxes will drive the economy towards sustainable growth, helping developing and in- dustrialising economies to avoid the mistakes of the industrialised economies, their over- consumption of resources and land, their unlimited increase in GHG emissions, their production of water pollutants and landfilled waste, and their disproportionate impact on the planet. A common argument against the expansion and increasing reliance on the environment as a stable source of revenue is the concern that revenues will fall over time. However, many of these tax bases are extremely large and will be available long into the future, e.g. energy, waste, water, ma- terials, land values, etc. To deal with such concerns and minimise the rebound effecet increased use of energy / resources in response to increased efficiency environmental tax rates can be progressively increased in line with gains in e.g. resource or energy efficiency to maximise the dy- namism of price incentives to change behaviour over time (see e.g. Weizs�cker 2009). Further- more, environmental degradation constantly assumes new forms, which call for new taxes. Phase-out of environmentally harmful subsidies Government budgets in many developing and industrialising countries are lower than in the industri- alised world and on average, tax revenues amount to a much smaller proportion of GDP than e.g. in the European Union. Thus it is all the more important that these countries do not spend their lim- ited revenues inefficiently or unnecessarily, or in a way that contradicts other policy goals. Prime examples of wasteful spending are environmentally harmful subsidies (EHS). These often en- tail additional government spending or lost revenues due to favourable tax treatment of practices which effectively counteract environmental policy or support unsound environmental practices. EHS are a way of paying polluters to pollute the very opposite of the polluter pays principle. Nei- ther industrialising and developing countries, nor those industrialised countries with severe budget deficits, can afford to spend scarce revenues on environmentally damaging practices. Removing subsidies in energy, water, fisheries and agricultural sectors alone would save 1-2% of global GDP every year, revenues which would be freed up e.g. for investment in low-carbon indus- tries and green technologies (OECD 2011). The phase-out of global fossil fuel consumer subsidies by 2020 would incentivise greater rates of energy efficiency and a shift to renewable energies and so reduce global CO2 emissions by 6.9% by 2020 the combined emissions of France, Germany, UK, Spain and Italy (IEA 2010). The sheer scale of spending on EHS highlights the potential of reform to turn around the way our economies work - simply by changing the way governments spend money. Subsidy reform also has multiple benefits alongside environmental improvements, including more efficient public spending, fewer market distortions and policy contradictions, and health and welfare benefits. Subsidy reform and its associated benefits can make a significant contribution to the necessary 'leapfrogging' of developing and industrialising economies onto a greener development path. Summary If the Rio+20 summit is to secure renewed political commitment for sustainable development, it must also muster political commitment to secure the means of realising sustainable development - and this should include serious political commitment to implement EFR. We often say that money makes the world go round. If we accept this basic premise, then EFR, which seeks to harness the power of money to incentivise changes in the behaviour of producers and consumers, must surely be amongst the most powerful tools of all. EFR not only offers govern- ments the means to cope with their often large and increasing budget deficits, but also to radically reform and green the global, national and local economies. Radical EFR is one of the most feasible means of preventing dangerous and irreversible climate change, as it deals with obstacles to change - market failures - and uses the power of the market economy itself as the driving force for reform.


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diclofenac sodium enteric-coated tablet - oral, Voltaren (cont.)
DRUG INTERACTIONS: Drug interactions may change how your medications work or increase your risk for serious side effects. This document does not contain all possible drug interactions. Keep a list of all the products you use (including prescription/nonprescription drugs and herbal products) and share it with your doctor and pharmacist. Do not start, stop, or change the dosage of any medicines without your doctor's approval.Some products that may interact with this drug include: aliskiren, ACE Inhibitors (such as captopril, lisinopril), angiotensin II receptor blockers (such as valsartan, losartan), corticosteroids (such as prednisone), cidofovir, cyclosporine, lithium, methotrexate, pemetrexed.This medication may increase the risk of bleeding when taken with other drugs that also may cause bleeding. Examples include anti-platelet drugs such as clopidogrel, "blood thinners" such as dabigatran/enoxaparin/warfarin, among others.Check all prescription and nonprescription medicine labels carefully since many medications contain pain relievers/fever reducers (aspirin, NSAIDs such as celecoxib, ibuprofen, or ketorolac). These drugs are similar to diclofenac and may increase your risk of side effects if taken together. However, if your doctor has directed you to take low-dose aspirin to prevent heart attack or stroke (usually at dosages of 81-325 milligrams a day), you should continue taking the aspirin unless your doctor instructs you otherwise. Ask your doctor or pharmacist for more details.
Report Problems to the Food and Drug Administration
You are encouraged to report negative side effects of prescription drugs to the FDA. Visit the FDA MedWatch website or call 1-800-FDA-1088.
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- Inside Athletics
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JOHNSON CITY, Tenn. (Sept. 26, 2011) – An old Southern Conference rivalry will continue this upcoming season as ETSU women's basketball head coach Karen Kemp announced Monday afternoon the Lady Bucs will travel to Boone, N.C. for a non-conference game with Appalachian State on Monday, Nov. 21. The Lady Bucs and Mountaineers will tip-off at 6 p.m. inside Holmes Arena.
Prior to the showdown with Appalachian State, the Lady Bucs play in the Preseason WNIT with ETSU hosting Tennessee Tech on Friday, Nov. 11.
The Lady Bucs and Mountaineers have met at least once since the start of the 1978-79 season.
ETSU begins official practice early next month and the Lady Bucs open their season with a pair of exhibition games against Carson-Newman (Nov. 3) and King College (Nov. 7).
For more information on Lady Buccaneer hoops, visit www.ETSUBucs.com.


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The Bucs (4-2) trailed by five runs at 7-2 entering the seventh, but the ETSU bullpen held the Eagles scoreless and the dormant bats finally came to life, banging out six runs on eight hits over the final three frames. The Bucs bullpen threw five innings of one run baseball in the game, striking out six, walking only one and stranding eight runners on base.
Senior catcher John Weddle (
Sophomore Darren Caldwell (
Freshman Tanner Moore (
Weddle finished the day 2-for-3 at the plate with two runs scored and two RBI. Mendez also drove in two runs, finishing 2-for-5 at the dish. The sophomore has now hit safely in each of his last five contests.
The Bucs return to action Friday afternoon, opening a three game series with Rider. First pitch is scheduled for at


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The first Next Step contest for the new year is now open! January 2012 marks our seventh installment and we are so ready for all your freshness.
To date, we've featured Tara Priya in July, Iman Williams in August, Tall Black Guy Productions in September, Cole Williams for October, Tensei for November, and Awalé for December. Some lovely singers, boundary pushing producers, and a band with some serious international groove.
The winner will receive an "Artist Spotlight" feature post on the Giant Step website, and up to $1,000 in Giant Step Marketing services!
Please note that we are accepting submissions from anyone that makes music – producers, singers, instrumentalists, rappers, and bands alike are all welcome.
This month, we are accepting submissions from today until Tuesday, January 31st. That said, we are now open for January 2012 entries!
Submit your music for consideration!


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Break your personal record on the trail while wearing a compressive, yet lightweight, capri that will keep your legs warmed up without sacrificing breathability. Our moisture-wicking cropped tights are mapped with mesh panels behind the knees to optimize ventilation and reduce chafing. A nearly stitch-less construction eliminates distractions and facilitates smooth leg turnover as you race up and down the trails. Finished with a reflective logo and trim to keep you visible during training runs after dusk or before dawn. Made with 91% recycled content (pre- and/or post-consumer sources), the material in this product helps divert waste from landfills and saves valuable resources
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Ranked among the nation's most integrated healthcare systems, Community Health Network is Central Indiana's leader in providing convenient access to exceptional healthcare services, where and when patients need them—in hospitals, health pavilions, workplaces, schools and homes.
Cold sores are small blisters around the mouth, caused by the herpes simplex virus. The most common strain of the virus that causes cold sores is herpes simplex virus 1.
Once infected, the herpes simplex virus becomes dormant for long periods of time and may reactivate. Episodes of the cold sores usually do not last longer than two weeks. Hot sun, cold wind, a cold, or a depressed immune system can cause a reactivation of herpes simplex virus symptoms.
Some children and adults never experience any symptoms with the first attack; others have severe flu-like symptoms and ulcers in and around the mouth. The following are the most common symptoms of cold sores. However, each child may experience symptoms differently. Symptoms may include:
The symptoms of cold sores may resemble other dermatologic conditions or medical problems. Always consult your children's physician for a diagnosis.
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Although cold sores cannot be cured, treatment may help alleviate some symptoms, if severe. Treatment may include antiviral medication and other types of prescription medications. Always consult your child's physician.
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Home / Events & Programs / Chinese Film Presentations /
The Grandmaster
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Ip Man's peaceful life in Foshan changes after Gong Yutian seeks an heir for his family in Southern China. Ip Man then meets Gong Er who challenges him for the sake of regaining her family's honor. After the Second Sino-Japanese War, Ip Man moves to Hong Kong and struggles to provide for his family. In the mean time, Gong Er chooses the path of vengeance after her father was killed by Ma San. Film summary courtesy of IMDB.
The Electric Shadows Contemporary Chinese Film Series is sponsored by the U-M Confucius Institute and the Lieberthal-Rogel Center for Chinese Studies


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All Napoleon Fireplaces and hearth Warranty issues need to be handled by the vendor. DO NOT send the customer to Napoleon unless its for a BBQ grill issue. Please get the following info from the customer: 1.The original PO that was purchased through Copperfield will be needed. 2.The customer's unit and serial number. 3.Problem that is occurring and any trouble shooting that has been completed. The customer's Installer's name, address and phone number If the customer is unsure of what the issue is, then the Copperfield Team can conference their installer on with a Napoleon Technician. 4.The final would be the date of their install.
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ZF-7434: Too many pages with empty content
I use a Paginator with DBSelect for querying the database. See the following code:
$select = $this->db->select();
$select->from(array("v" => "table"),
array("DateDayFormat" => new Zend_Db_Expr("DATE_FORMAT(v.FirstVisitTime, '%d.%m.%Y')"),
"PageCalls" => new Zend_Db_Expr("SUM(v.PageCalls)"),
->order("DATE(v.FirstVisitTime) DESC");
$paginator = new Zend_Paginator(new Zend_Paginator_Adapter_DbSelect($select));
$paginator->setCurrentPageNumber($this->_getParam("page", 1));
$this->view->paginator = $paginator;
The select should return 6.5 pages, but there are 42 pages. the 7th to the 42nd page are empty. this problem occurs also with other selects, so it seems to be a bug - or did you change something, that would explain this strange behavior?
Could you paste the result of this snippet?
echo $paginator->getAdapter()->getCountSelect();
The Result is:
zend_paginator_row_count FROM
mvc_visitors AS
Could you try rewriting your code like the following snippet and see if it gives the expected result? Could you also echo the count select again with the following snippet?
$select = $this->db->select();
$select->from(array("v" => "table"),
array("DateDayFormat" => new Zend_Db_Expr("DATE_FORMAT(v.FirstVisitTime, '%d.%m.%Y')"),
"PageCalls" => new Zend_Db_Expr("SUM(v.PageCalls)"),
->group(new Zend_Db_Expr("DATE(v.FirstVisitTime)"))
->order(new Zend_Db_Expr("DATE(v.FirstVisitTime) DESC"));
My guess is that the lack of Zend_Db_Expr is causing the problems. I'm going to see if this is something Zend_Paginator can do something about.
so, i changes the group and order clauses as you wrote. unfortunately the result is the same. here the count infos:
the count-select-string:
string(72) "SELECT COUNT(1) AS
zend_paginator_row_count FROM
mvc_visitors AS
and the result of this query array(1) { [0] => array(1) { ["zend_paginator_row_count"] => string(3) "839" } }
that is the same as the direct query in phpmyadmin. so the sql works correct (why shouldn't it ;-) )
this problem occoured first with 1.9 release. i think the aggregation in the sql is the problem, but in 1.8.x it worked all fine.
Problem object Zend_Db_Expr in class Zend_Paginator_Adapter_DbSelect::getCountSelect() line 231
!($groupParts[0] instanceof Zend_Db_Expr)
This problem only occur with one column in the group and when the same column is envolved by a Zend_Db_Expr().
Reproduced with:
$select->from('test', 'group')
->group(new Zend_Db_Expr('group'));
Fix in Zend_Paginator_Adapter_DbSelect in the line 232 condition current code
} else if (!empty($groupParts) && $groupParts[0] !== Zend_Db_Select::SQL_WILDCARD &&
!($groupParts[0] instanceof Zend_Db_Expr)) {
$groupPart = $db->quoteIdentifier($groupParts[0], true);
Change to
} else if (!empty($groupParts)) {
$groupPart = $db->quoteIdentifier($groupParts[0], true);
Also was deleted the condition $groupParts[0] !== Zend_Db_Select::SQL_WILDCARD no makes sense group by * until because this already is a error of SQL.
Grettings Ramon
I've added a fix for this issue in r23717 in trunk. Please test your applications against this.
If this works for everyone, I will merge to 1.11.
Thanks since already Ramon
Merged r23855 to release branch 1.11.


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Herod the Great (you know, that guy in the Bible who killed all those babies, but didn't really) was a procurator. (WTF is a procurator? Don't worry, I'll get to that.) In fact, Herod wasn't just any procurator. He was the chief procurator of the entire Roman province of Syria. Holy crap! That's amazing! Er…or totally, fantastically irrelevant and boring. One or the other, I'm sure. (Right?)
The Backstory…
Who cares? Hardly anyone really. Why am I writing about this? Well, to be honest, because I had to at some point, and now is as good a time as any (more on that later). But kind of, also, because it's really interesting to ancient history geeks. And, strangely, Christian apologists. Why? Because they can argue from "Herod was the procurator of Syria" to "Luke and Matthew don't contradict each other on the year of Christ's birth, contrary to what all you mean atheist harpies keep saying." Yeah. It takes some twists and turns. But they make a good effort to get from A to B. Strangely, this point also connects to the debate over the existence of Jesus. No shit. Lotta twists and cul-de-sacs, but A gets to B on that one, too.
Even given that context ("Ooo! Christian apologetics? Now it's getting interesting!"), this is one of the most jaw-droppingly uninteresting bits of trivia you've probably come across on FtB in months. Or ever. I mean, there are mighty battles being fought elsewhere here over very important issues. Sexism, slander, dumbassery, political murder, bad science, the Republican primaries, soda mice. (Among all of which you will learn that a new spell has been added to the Harry Potter lexicon: wave your wand and utter the words Rebecca Watson and a hoard of nitwitted sexist trolls are summoned; unfortunately they immediately attack the spellcaster so it's kind of a shit spell really.)
But here's the backstory. For my Master of Philosophy at Columbia University (aka M.Phil., a graduate degree between M.A. and Ph.D., sort of like what everyone else calls ABD) I completed a thesis in preparation for working up a prospectus for my dissertation. That thesis was never published, mainly because, though it is more thorough and meticulous than anything on its topic, someone I'd never heard of beat me to publication with their own paper arguing the same thesis (albeit a lot less comprehensively and in a more wishy washy way, but nevertheless, journals won't publish my work now because "it's already been done," as one editor directly told me). It's a mind-numbingly boring thesis. But I worked really hard on it and I'm sure someone will find it useful someday. So I updated it (even citing and incorporating that other paper, as well as all the revisions asked for by my peer reviewers) and published it on my website for anyone crazy enough to read it: Herod the Procurator: Was Herod the Great a Roman Governor of Syria? (PDF)
It does have one interesting vibe to it. If you read it all through (you have to be kind of a little crazy to do that, but that can be in a good way; why, hey, it's "only" 36 pages long), one thing you will learn, especially if you are not a professional historian, is how incredibly complicated doing history really is, and why expertise and training is so important for it. My thesis details all the actual steps that are involved in coming to a conclusion on any question (even one so seemingly simple as "Was Herod the Great really the procurator of Roman Syria?"), showing you all the sorts of things you have to know about and research, the process of reasoning and analysis you have to go through, and all that jazz. Usually you just see the end result, maybe a paragraph summary, and don't see all the messy, crazy shit that went on to produce that paragraph. Now you get to see Oz working the controls. Batshit crazy controls.
You'll also learn (especially if you read the most boring part) how translations, even by total bona fide experts, can screw up the original meaning of a text, and how beholden laymen are to what are really often very subjective translations hiding all manner of assumptions and agendas of the translator. Not just the Bible has this problem; all ancient books do. You'll also learn a bit about how determining what the original text said from existing manuscripts is no simple matter, either. And you'll learn some stuff about various languages, Roman provincial administration, and how Herod the Great and Emperor Augustus were such party buds I'd bet a sawbuck they high-fived over a shared a hooker or two. (Not literally, of course; sure, everyone knows double-teaming hookers was invented in 1891 B.C., but the high-five is a 20th century invention; so, whatever the ancient Roman equivalent was. Yeah, I'd risk a tenner on that. Stranger shit has supposedly happened. Story is, emperor-to-be Titus banged two hookers over an open Torah scroll on the sacred sacrificial altar of the Jewish Temple just to flip the bird at the nutty superstitious Jews he'd just wasted several years of his life putting down a rebellion of. I remember the first thing I thought when I read that, "I hope those girls were paid well." Probably. Everyone says Titus was a real mensch. Anyway…)
So Back to the Christian Thing…
Okay, quick summary:
Matthew says Jesus was born a year or so before Herod the Great died, which was 4 B.C.; Luke says Jesus was born when the Roman senator Quirinius became governor of Syria and conducted the first ever Roman census of Judea, which was 6 A.D.; the contradiction (a ten year miss, even) proves the New Testament is, uhem, errant (oh, and BTW, notice that neither says it was 1 A.D.; and in fact that date is entirely impossible on either of their accounts…oops); "Oh, shit!" Christians say to themselves (probably not out loud, because that might anger their storm god); Christian apologists scramble for some way to fix this fiasco; they come up with a wild pile of bullshit; if you rummage around in that shit pile (like I did), you'll find this gem:
"Well, see, Quirinius must have been governor of Syria twice somehow (even though no one ever was a governor of the same province twice and we have zero evidence Quirinius was or even could have been), and there must have been some other, earlier census of Judea, conducted by Herod (even though that is illogical and impossible on every known fact of the matter), and since the evidence says other guys were governing Syria at the time, not only was Quirinius twice governor, but he must have been co-governor with someone else (even though no such thing as a co-governorship of a province existed in the Roman administrative system and in fact it would have been illogical and absurd)."
When mean atheists like me point out the parenthetical points (put in italics above), Christians scramble for damage control, generally by making shit up or pretending at being historians, doing some embarrassingly incompetent amateur hatchet job with "facts" they tweeze out of modern translations of ancient books (unlike Muslims, who everywhere insist on Arabic fluency and thus actually know how to read their scripture, most Christians never actually learn Greek and generally couldn't give a shit what the actual words in their inspired scriptures are) and/or antiquated, long-superseded scholarship (because when Christians can't find what they want in up-to-date scholarship they dig around for something written in the 19th century, back in those golden days before that Darwin dickwad ruined everything; because surely any history done then must be superior and more reliable than any done now…and they're, like, totally right).
Case in point: Josephus (and an occasional stone inscription) repeatedly says there were two governors of Syria. So there! Except he doesn't (nor do any inscriptions). Ah, those pesky translations. You see, what Josephus (and every other source from then) says is that every Syrian governor had a lieutenant, and they often hung out and did shit together. "But that's the same thing, right?" Uh, no. Because ancient Roman society didn't work like our modern American "classless" society. Technically we do have classes (lower, middle, and upper) demarcated by access to wealth, but in classical times classes were official matters of law, and one couldn't cross from one to the other just by getting rich. You had to be officially recognized as of that class; and it took some hoodow to make that happen. And in the meantime, your career options were limited by what class you were in.
Intro to Roman Social History
It breaks down like this: the unwashed masses (actually, the Roman masses were often very well washed) were just "ordinary people" and couldn't hold any significant political or military office (didn't even qualify; couldn't even buy their way in…unless they bought their way into a higher social order); next in rank were the equestrians (literally "horsemen," so sometimes called "knights"; the term originally designated someone rich enough to buy and keep a horse, although that was an antiquated notion by then…even the poorest Roman equestrian could buy and keep a small shitload of horses), who (unlike those below them) qualified for appointed administrative positions and could serve as something like NCOs in the military (or perhaps more analogously, low ranking officers, depending on what point of comparison you start with), but couldn't run for elected office and couldn't be a staff officer…unless they were at least 30 years old and met the multi-million-dollar entry requirement for the next class: the senators. To enter the senatorial class you had to prove you had millions of dollars in property and then (to be elligible to hold any office) you had to get elected to the entry-level position of quaestor ("treasurer"; yep, the bottom-ranking gig even then), which got you permanently into the Roman Senate, and from there you could run for higher offices (but always by ranks, i.e. you couldn't skip straight to Lord of All I Survey, you had to serve as quaestor, then praetor, then consul, and your social rank would always be based on how high you'd gotten, e.g. a consular senator outranked a praetorian senator, big time). Of course, kids of senators were automatically of the senatorial class, although they still had to get elected (or, if we set aside the Doublespeak, given the real nature of politics under the emperors, appointed) to a quaestorship to enter the Senate itself (and yes, that meant daughters could be of senatorial rank, but sadly, as they could never hold any office, they never became Senators).
Okay. So? Well, because of the Roman constitution at the time, no one could govern a province who was not a consular senator. This is because the provinces were officially governed by the emperor (who had consular rank) or the senatorial consuls, and "governors" were just their stand-ins, but in an official government capacity, which meant they had to be of the same rank. Thus a praetorian senator was not of sufficient rank to govern a province and thus could not act in any other governor's stead. You had to appoint a senator who had served as a consul at some prior time and thus achieved consular rank. (There were a handful of weird provinces, called senatorial provinces, that didn't precisely fall under this rule, but Syria wasn't one of them so they're irrelevant for our purposes; one of the constitutionally relevant differences, BTW, was that senatorial provinces usually never had legions in them.)
Notice that not even lower ranking senators could govern a province, much less lowly equestrians, who couldn't even hold a real political office at all, much less govern a province. They weren't even senators. It would have been scandalously offensive (and indeed risked outright assassination or civil war) if an emperor were to openly flout the constitution and insult every upper class senatorial man in the empire by appointing a lowly equestrian to govern a province (case in point: Caligula is said to have almost appointed his horse, and they promptly killed him…and tried to damn his memory–literally: the senate proposed [and may have eventually passed] an official decree of damnatio memoriae; yeah, they had those). And certainly such a remarkable curiosity would make every history book of the time, as the weirdest thing to happen since someone discovered water could be turned into a white powder. Conversely, no senator (much less of mighty consular rank) would disgrace himself or his whole family's honor by ever deigning to lower himself to work in an equestrian post. That would be more unbelievable than a U.S. President becoming a fry cook at McDonald's.
Now, governors of imperial provinces, who were always consular senators, and officially were high-ranking military officers, commanders of legions, obviously had a whole chain of command working under them, of lower ranking senatorial line and staff officers, as well as equestrian field officers and NCOs and bureaucrats. Thus, a governor could divide up his provincial command and appoint lower ranking officers to take care of business there, principally taking charge of any troops and enforcing the law. These were typically equestrians (because Roman paranoia prevented entrusting major provincial and troop commands to senators, who might have ambitions; whereas equestrians were generally locked in their low status and thus no threat, and in fact for that reason typically more loyal). These officers were called "prefects," literally "guys placed in front," in other words "dudes in charge." Prefects were always equestrians; senatorial officers had other ranks (namely, quaestor or praetor).
Now that you have all that background (and notice how there is no way a layman is likely to know any of this; there's a reason you need a Ph.D. to draw correct conclusions about the ancient world), you can get the punchline: Whenever we see mentions of governors and their lieutenants (as in Josephus, for example), it's always a consular senator and his equestrian prefect. Men who are not even of the same social class. You might already see where this is going. Quirinius is well established to have been a consular senator as of 12 B.C. We know all the consular governors of Syria from 12 to 3 B.C. He therefore cannot have been any of their "lieutenants," because those lieutenants were always prefects of the equestrian class, and he was way the hell higher ranking than an equestrian, in fact he held the highest possible social rank in the whole Roman empire: a consular senator. So much for the co-governor idea.
Intro to Christian Logic
Okay. Now that you are as bored as you possibly can be, it gets even more boring. Enter Herod the Procurator. The Christian's logic goes like this (and I've had versions of this argument sent to me in email over the years by a half dozen D-list Christian apologists). Pontius Pilate was the "governor" of Judea. Pontius Pilate was a procurator. Therefore a "procurator" is a "governor." Herod the Great was the Procurator of Syria. Therefore, Herod the Great (a foreigner) was the "governor" of Syria. Therefore the Romans played fast and loose with their constitution when it came to provincial government. Therefore they could well have had double governors or something. In fact when Herod was "governor" of Syria, we know another consular senator was governor of Syria, so bingo, there we have it, there were two governors of Syria!
This is all so fucked up it makes me want to cry. Okay. First. Judea was not a province. Thus Pilate was not "the [provincial] governor" of Judea. The governor of Syria was. Judea was then a district of the Roman province of Syria. Pilate was just the prefect assigned to govern that district. By the governor of Syria. And as you'd expect, Pilate was of equestrian rank. Thus no argument can proceed by analogy from the government of Judea to the government of Syria. Second. A procurator is not a prefect. To identify Pilate as "governor of Judea" is to identify him as a prefect, not a procurator. A procurator is not an administrative or military office. It's a private occupation. It means "business manager" (literally, "one given care of stuff," e.g. an agent, a manager, etc.). Thus in no sense does procurator ever mean "governor." Thus in no sense at all was Herod the Great ever "the governor of Syria." So, no playing fast and loose here. The Romans stuck to their constitution, or as near as could pass as plausible (in an Orwellian sense, if one examines how the emperors invented the entire office of emperor without actually, literally changing the constitution, which never mentioned any such office per se, by cleverly exploiting various loopholes in that constitution, but that's a whole other story, not relevant here).
So despite trying to rescue the big gaping historical error in the Gospels, the attempt to get from "Herod the Great was Procurator of Syria" to "the Bible is inerrant" is built on a pile of the hack mistakes of presumptuous Christian apologists who don't know their Roman social history for shit. What does any of this long boring digression have to do with my thesis paper on Herod the Procurator? Well, among other things (like analyzing the evidence for Herod being a procurator of Syria at all), I document in it all the evidence and scholarship laying out the distinction between prefects and procurators. Which has another use, for those following the "did Jesus really exist?" debate…
So Was Pontius Pilate a Prefect or a Procurator?
A prominent defender of the thesis that Jesus is a mythical person (more now in the agnostic camp, but still) is G.A. Wells. And one argument he made, against the authenticity of a passage attesting to the existence of Jesus in the Roman historian Tacitus (writing around 117 A.D.), is that Tacitus there calls Pilate a "procurator" when in fact we know, from logic (given the above) and an actual stone inscription cut at Pilate's own direction, that Pilate was a prefect, not a procurator, which isn't even a government office. "Surely" Tacitus would not make that mistake (so the passage is a forgery) or "surely" Tacitus would not make that mistake if he was working from government documents (so he must be relying on an unreliable source, like a Gospel-reading Christian informant). Therefore the information is bogus. Therefore (given various other conclusions) Jesus didn't exist. Now, like many an unsound argument, the primary conclusion is true (Tacitus is almost certainly relying on a Gospel-reading Christian informant, and not any kind of government records), but the argument for it is not.
Tacitus almost certainly got this information from his good friend Pliny the Younger, who would have gotten it from his strong-arm interrogation of a Christian deaconess in 110 A.D. (when Tacitus and Pliny were governing adjacent provinces in what is now Turkey, and carrying on a regular correspondence in which Tacitus evinces asking Pliny for information to include in the history books he was then writing). And she would certainly have gotten the information from the Gospels, many of which were being read in the churches of the time. So yes, Tacitus is in fact giving us useless evidence, since it is not independent of the Gospels (that's why his account contains nothing not in them, yet that would have been in an official government record, like Jesus' full name and crime). But Wells' argument to that same conclusion is incorrect, due to another oddity about the ancient Roman system that non-experts don't know about (and that even many experts don't know about, not having specifically studied the matter of imperial administration and economics).
In actual fact, Pilate was both a prefect and a procurator. An imperial procurator, to be precise. In fact this was true of all the prefects of Judea, and many other regional prefects, such as the prefect of Egypt who governed that whole province directly for the emperor (Egypt never had a senatorial governor, its governorship was always officially held by the emperor himself, who never shared it, because Egypt was the breadbasket of the empire at the time and thus any senator allowed to govern it would be tempted to do the obvious…and they wouldn't have that uppity, smartypants Cleopatra gumming up their game, either). It was actually commonplace for prefects to also be procurators. Why? Well, I explain in my thesis (for those who only care about this topic, you can skip directly to the section on "The Procurator in the Time of Augustus," starting on page 29, but also hyperlinked in the table of contents on page 2 of Was Herod the Great a Roman Governor of Syria?).
Procurators were private agents. So, for example, if you were some rich guy and owned lands in several provinces, you obviously couldn't personally oversee their management, so you would hire someone as your procurator to go act as landlord for you. Pretty much any business, or property, or account of money that you had somewhere needed someone to manage it on your behalf. That someone was a procurator. The wealthy elite had armies of them in their employ. And the emperor was the wealthiest man in the Western hemisphere. Another little known fact is that the emperors often compelled their vanquished opponents to sign treaties not with the Roman people (SPQR) but with the emperor himself and his private family estate. Annual tribute was then owed not to the Roman government, but directly to the Roman emperor's family estate. And in such cases lands seized were not the public property of Rome, but the private property of the emperor, taken as spoils (or as bribes, or simply bought outright, and just as often inherited, from people wanting to get their surviving family on the emperor's good side). This meant the emperor had tons of lands he needed to manage privately (not officially as a Roman statesman) and tons of cash that had to be collected every year and held in his name and managed at a profit, or delivered to him across regions and seas. And that meant the emperor had to employ thousands of procurators to act as his business managers for all this.
Well, who would make the best procurator? Or rather, the best chief procurator, who would look over and keep in line all the other procurators who were actually managing the individual landholdings, and collections, and stashes of banked cash? Why, who best to hire for that job than the chief of police? The very guy who governs the district and has charge of the courts and the law and cohorts of infantry and cavalry to enforce his will. Brilliant, eh? And so it was. Every prefect of Judea was also the emperor's privately hired business manager, who ensured all the imperial procurators in their district behaved and did their jobs, and everyone who owed the emperor money (or had the temerity to sue him) was dealt with. In our modern democracy this would be perfectly appalling. It would be obvious corruption if the President hired the Secretary of the Interior to manage all of his private lands, and the Secretary of Commerce to run all of his private companies and businesses, and hired Superior Court Judges to manage the very private estates they passed judgments on in court (imagine suing someone and finding out that the judge deciding the case is the property manager of the very estate you are suing!). But the Roman empire had no such moral notions, and no laws on the books against it. To them it was just convenient.
But there were complaints. Although not necessarily of the kind you'd expect. One of the persistent drums Tacitus beats throughout his entire Annals is that it was shocking (why, just shocking!) that lowly equestrians were being given the official powers of senators. As business managers, procurators were only ever equestrians, or often even commoners or slaves; no senator would disgrace himself by taking such a servile job (again, imagine the President of the United States taking a job as a "common" real estate agent). But Tacitus was annoyed even by the idea of prefects running things. Procurators were just an even bigger insult. Since an imperial procurator was the legal agent of the emperor, he literally had power of attorney to represent the emperor in court and contracts. Which meant that in practice, lowly procurators could tell mighty consular senators what for. It's not like a senatorial governor is going to cross the emperor. Thus procurators often wielded in effect imperial scale power. And that pissed off consular senators like Tacitus. His Annals is full of morality tales illustrating how so really disastrous and awful this was.
Which gets us back to that passage in the Annals where Tacitus says Christ was executed by Pontius Pilate "the procurator." Tacitus was a consular senator who had held many imperial provincial governorships and nearly every other office in the land. He knew full well that Pilate was a prefect. He would not have had to check any records to know that. He also knew full well that Pilate, like all district prefects, was the private business manager of the emperor, a lowly money collector and landlord, a filthy procurator. He clearly chose to call Pilate a procurator and not a prefect in this passage as a double insult: on the one hand, his aim was to paint the Christians as pathetically as possible, and having their leader executed by a petty business manager was about as low as you could get (and Tacitus would never turn down a good juicy snipe like that); and on the other hand, he was always keen to remind the reader of his persistent protest against granting equestrians real powers, and thus calling Pilate here a procurator does that, by reminding the reader that the chief of police who executes criminals in Judea is a "fucking business manager" ("and what the hell is he doing with judicial powers?"). The fact that Pilate was also a prefect and thus had real constitutional authority is the sort of honest detail that would screw up Tacitus' point. So he doesn't take the trouble to mention it.
Okay. Right. Here we are now. Anyone who has actually read this blog post all the way to this point (I commend you, sir and/or ma'am!) will now be able to guess the conclusion of my thesis: Herod the Great was appointed by his good buddy Augustus to be his principal business manager in Syria. Wow. Amazing, right? That conclusion is going to haunt you for days. Life changing stuff. Just simply life changing. And so that you will have it with you always, I have now posted my old M.Phil. thesis on Herod the Syrian procurator, which has sections on all this stuff (so if you want to cite evidence and scholarship at anyone in defense of these points, like about Pilate being both procurator and prefect, that's the paper for you), and other stuff besides (as I babbled on about in the earlier half of this blog).
Enjoy. Or not. Anyway, it's there now if you need it.


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If you have a private network, you can use Windows Media Player to stream the contents of your Player Library to other computers and devices in your home. Here are answers to some common questions about privacy and security when streaming your media on a network.
It's up to you. Your streaming settings determine what you stream from your Player Library and also which devices receive your streams. When you first turn on streaming, you will automatically stream any file in your Player Library to any media device or computer detected on your network. However, you can adjust your settings to filter streamed content and block devices and computers on your network from receiving streams. For more information about choosing streaming settings, see Change settings for streaming media in Windows Media Player.
No. The streaming feature only permits people to use their computers and devices to play the items in your Player Library. It doesn't permit them to add, remove, or modify items.
No. The streaming feature only streams the items in your Player Library. If the item isn't a media file used by your Player, it can't be streamed.
That depends on the security of your home network. Regardless of whether you turn on streaming, you should take steps to help secure your home network from intruders. For example:
If you use a cable modem or DSL modem to connect to the Internet, consider installing a router that isolates your area of the network from that of your neighbors.
If you use a wireless network in your home, you should turn on a secure authentication service, such as Wired Equivalent Privacy (WEP) or Wi‑Fi Protected Access (WPA).
For your protection, media streaming shouldn't be used when you're connected to a public network (such as a wireless network in an airport, coffee shop, or library).
When you stream on a public network, you run the risk of making your media available to everyone else on the public network. You also run the risk of making your computer more vulnerable to unauthorized access by other people on the network.


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This time of year, national chains and big box stores spend a lot of money targeting advertising efforts toward holiday shoppers. And, while shoppers might expect a big company like American Express to help focus people toward the bigger stores with bigger price tags, the credit card company actually began a campaign in 2010 that favors mom-and-pop businesses.
Small Business Saturday, which takes place this weekend, has grown in communities and cities all over the country. Dover is no different and shoppers can expect to find everything from clothes and accessories to the handmade and the edible.
Here's a list to get you started:
Address 1030 Forrest Avenue, Suite 114
Saturday hours 9 a.m. to 9 p.m.
Info (302) 734-9100, www.acornbooks.org
New, used and bargain books, magazine and greeting cards. The first 20 customers to spend a minimum of $50 will receive a $25 American Express gift card. Regular sales will also be in effect: 10 percent off retail prices on many items and 40 percent off bargain books. Teachers and military discounts also available for qualifying purchases. Author Lacey Lafferty will also be signing her two books, "Delaware Horse Racing" and "Messages from a Mother."
Address 28 W. Lookerman Street.
Saturday hours 10 a.m. to 5 p.m.
Info (302) 741-2340, www.belboutique.com
Classic and contemporary clothing and accessories for women. The first 20 customers to spend $100 will receive a $25 American Express gift card. Free "shop small" tote bags will also be given away. Some sweet treats will also be on hand for hungry shoppers.
Address 59 S. Governors Avenue
Saturday Hours 10 a.m. to 5 p.m.
Info (302) 674-9070
American-made contemporary fine handcrafts as well as glass, pottery, jewelry and metal. Sign up to win a $25 gift certificate. Customers receive 10 percent off if they produce a receipt from another Downtown Dover shop. Light refreshments will be served.
Address 406 Federal Street.
Saturday hours 9 a.m. to 4:30 p.m.
Info (302) 674-2111, www.biggsmuseum.org
Rotating selection of art and fine crafts made by Delaware By Hand artist members. Museum members receive a 10 percent discount. For more information visit www.biggsmuseum.org or call (302) 674-2111.
Address 32 W. Lookerman Street
Page 2 of 3 - Saturday Hours 10 a.m. to 7 p.m.
Info (302) 736-1419, www.delawaremade.com
Items made in Delaware or related to Delaware, including apparel, souvenirs, pottery and ornaments. Ornaments will be on sale.
Address 743 S. Governor's Avenue
Saturday Hours 10 a.m. to 4 p.m.
Info (302) 730-1234, www.facebook.com/fordreamersgallery
Gifts and handmade items made by 400 artisans from more than 40 states. All products made in the Untied States. Find one-of-a-kind jewelry, pottery, glass, accessories, soap and lotions. Sample in-store products like dips, cookies and homemade truffles. Pet the poodle on duty.
Address 106 W. Lookerman Street
Saturday Hours 10 a.m. to 3 p.m.
Info 734-3425, Forney's Jewelry Store Facebook page
Locally owned and operated since 1921. Known for jewelry but sells much more, including watches, clocks, serveware and unique gifts. The first 20 customers will receive an American Express gift card and all customers will have a chance to win something all day. Refreshments will be served along with in-store entertainment.
Address 102 W. Lookerman Street
Saturday Hours 10 a.m. to 5 p.m.
Info (302) 734-2425, Forney's Too Facebook page
Gift Shop that features popular gifts like Trollbeads, Vera Bradley, Tervis Tumblers, Lang Calendars, Kameleon and Waxing Poetic Jewelry, toys and more. Select Vera Bradley styles will be on sale 25 to 50 percent off. Ugly Dolls will be half off. Free Trollbeads bracelet with the purchase of a decorative clasp. Robert Rothchild gourmet dips and sauces will be available for sampling and tasting.
Address 739 S. Governors Avenue
Saturday Hours 10 a.m. to 5 p.m.
Info (302) 730-1910
Full line of organic and natural foods, vitamins and supplements and fresh, organic produce. All customers visiting the store will be entered to win a free 10 pound Bell & Evans Fresh All Natural Turkey as well as a 10 percent discount on qualifying purchases. Discount cannot be combined with other discounts and excludes fresh produce. Natural and organic foods and desserts will be out for sampling.
Address 885 S. Governor's Avenue
Saturday Hours 8 a.m. to 2 p.m.
Info (302) 734-5861, www.halperneye.com
Full service eye care including eye exams, glasses and contacts with a large selection of designer and fashion glasses, including Oakley, Maui Jim, Coach, Vera Bradley, Guess and Jones of New York. The first 20 customers will receive a $20 American Express gift card and hot drinks will be served.
Page 3 of 3 - H&H LIQUORS
Address 1107 S. Dupont Highway
Saturday Hours 10 a.m. to 12 a.m.
Info (302) 747-7590
Almost 3,000 square feet of spirits, wine and beer. There will be wine specials all day long: Buy three or more 750ml bottles of wine, receive 10 percent off. Receive 5 percent off any spirit by saying, "Hello" and "How are you?" Thirty packs of Miller Lite and Coors Lite cans will be $18.99. Twenty-four packs of Bud Lighte and Busweiser bottles will be $19.99. Free gifts with purchases of $5 or more.
Address 1030 Forrest Avenue, Suite 113
Saturday Hours 10 a.m. to 3 p.m.
Info (302) 736-1961, www.merlenormanstudio.com/mn-7421
Full service cosmetic studio with experienced staff. Full line of cosmetics, skin care, gift sets, magnifying mirrors and accessories. Free gift with purchase of $39 or more. Register to win a $100 Merle Norman shopping spree. Door prizes and refreshments will be served.
Address 31 W. Lookerman Street
Saturday Hours 10 a.m. to 5 p.m.
Info (302) 674-1303, www.sudsbarsoap.com
Handcrafted, artisanal bath and body products as well as all-natural soaps for all skin types. Every purchase of $35 or more will receive 10 percent off next in-store purchase. $1 chair massages, stocking stuffer guides and refreshments will also be available.
Partners in Design
Address 123 W. Lookerman Street
Saturday hours 10 to 4
Info (302) 734-9076, www.partnersindesign.net
Home décor and gifts. The first 20 customers who spend $50 or more will receive a $25 American Express gift card. Holiday treat refreshments.
Location, ST | website.com


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A. There are no new laws yet and no "amnesty;" all we have is a bill in the Senate. We are still many months away – if not longer – from any new laws. You can call us at 800-566-7636 to check if the law has passed; we'll be happy to answer your calls.This Senate bill is only the beginning of the conversation. There will be a long time before we know what the law looks like and before anyone can apply for anything.
B. In the meantime you should NOT give anyone money to any notarios, agencies, or lawyers to prepare an application or help them gather documents. Once we have a Comprehensive Immigration Reform law, there will be many reliable agencies that will help people at low cost and possibly for free. There is no need to pay thousands of dollars now.
C. What you can do is to start preparing on your own in the following ways:
i. Start a box of important documents, including:
1. Identity documents;
2. Evidence of when you came to the US and how long you have been here (the date in the Senate bill is December 31, 2011, but people who came to the US before they turned 16 and would qualify under the DREAM Act, should gather evidence for all those years that they have been living in the US);
3. Evidence of any trips outside the US after the first arrival (evidence of how long they were out of the US);
4. Evidence of work (particularly if you are an undocumented farm worker) or education in the US (particularly for DREAM Act-eligible kids);
5. Copies of any applications you already made to INS/USCIS;
6. If ever arrested, get the certificates of disposition, because those with certain serious convictions will not be eligible to apply, so you will need to show those conviction records to an attorney.
iii. US citizens who want to sponsor their siblings should talk to an attorney about starting the process now (the Senate bill proposes to eliminate visas for siblings of US citizens – but that can also change);
iv. Save money because there will be penalty fees (Senate bill says $2000, to be paid in stages) in addition to application fees.


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Raise 'Em Right
By Rebecca Teti
Monday: Parenting
(Join each day's Coffee Talk discussion: Mon: Parenting; Tues: Open Forum; Wed: NFP; Thu: Marriage; Fri: Education; Sat/Sun: Changing Roles)
Terrible toddlers? Trying teens? Something in between? This weekly forum is the spot to share your questions and struggles about all things related to parenthood.
Please join us!
Any thoughts on the best sippy cups and water bottles? In general, I like the stainless ones for keeping drinks cold. I have such trouble, though, keeping the straws, stoppers, and little crevices from getting gunky. I replace the straw parts on my big kids' water bottles and stoppers on the little one's sippy but they seem to get dirty so quickly and there's always spots I can't reach with a bottle brush or toothbrush. Thanks!
We have used Klean Kanteens for a few years. There is a lid with a straw/sipper thing on it, but we just have screw-on lids and drink straight from the canteen. We also have stainless steel bottles from Thermos. These are fabulous. They are double walled and stay cold forever. There is a straw lid, but the plastic/rubber straw part pops out of the lid and things can be washed a little better that way. Also try a bottle brush (especially one with a tiny nipple brush) to get the bottoms of the canteens and straw clean.


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Royal Canin® Canine Health Nutrition™ Aging Care Dog Medium Breed Dog Food
Royal Canin MEDIUM Aging 10+ Dog Food features a selection of nutrients, including an exclusive complex of antioxidants to support healthy aging and cellular growth. This formula also contains special nutrients to support healthy skin and coat. For senior medium breed dogs over 10 years.
Food Type: Dry Food
Food Consistency: Kibble
Life Stage: Senior 10+ yrs
Health Consideration: Hip & Joint, Skin & Coat
Flavor: Other
Primary Ingredient: Brewers Rice
Package Weight: 6 lbs
Brewers Rice, Chicken By-Product Meal, Corn Gluten Meal, Wheat, Chicken Fat, Natural Flavors, Dried Beet Pulp, Corn, Brown Rice, Fish Oil, Wheat Gluten, Grain Distillers Dried Yeast, Vegetable Oil, Calcium Carbonate, Psyllium Seed Husk, Salt, Potassium Chloride, Fructooligosaccharides, Hydrolyzed Yeast, Vitamins [DL-Alpha Tocopherol (source of Vitamin E), Inositol, Niacin, L-Ascorbyl-2-Polyphosphate(source of Vitamin C), D-Calcium Pantothenate, Biotin, Pyridoxine Hydrochloride (Vitamin B6), Riboflavin (Vitamin B2), Thiamine Mononitrate (Vitamin B1), Vitamin A Acetate, Folic Acid, Vitamin B12 Supplement, Vitamin D3 Supplement], Choline Chloride, Taurine, L-Tyrosine, Glucosamine Hydrochloride, Marigold Extract (Tagetes Erecta L.), Trace Minerals (Zinc Proteinate, Zinc Oxide, Ferrous Sulfate, Manganese Proteinate, Manganous Oxide, Copper Sulfate, Calcium Iodate, Sodium Selenite, Copper Proteinate), Green Tea Extract, L-Carnitine, Chondroitin Sulfate, L-Tryptophan, Rosemary Extract, Preserved with Natural Mixed Tocopherols and Citric Acid
Guaranteed Analysis:
Crude Protein (min) 24.0%
Crude Fat (min) 12.0%
Crude Fiber (max) 3.6%
Moisture (max) 10.0%
Eicosapentaenoic Acid (EPA)* (min) 0.24%
Docosahexaenoic Acid (DHA)* (min) 0.1%
*Not recognized as an essential nutrient by the AAFCO Dog Food Nutrient Profiles.
$ 16.99
$ 114.99
$ 18.99
$ 24.99
$ 19.99 to $ 49.29Reg: $ 19.99 to $ 57.99
$ 18.99 to $ 45.89Reg: $ 18.99 to $ 54.99
$ 32.99 to $ 55.99
$ 1.49 to $ 2.99
$ 24.99
$ 13.99 to $ 34.99
$ 24.99 to $ 34.99
$ 9.99 to $ 33.99


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Florida's Gillislee breaks 1,000-yard mark in win over Florida State
Published: Saturday, November 24, 2012 at 5:30 a.m.
Last Modified: Sunday, November 25, 2012 at 12:31 a.m.
TALLAHASSEE — Soft-spoken Florida senior and DeLand High product Mike Gillislee smiled when asked how it feels to be a 1,000-yard running back.
"It feels great," Gillislee said. "Hopefully, the tradition never ends."
Gillislee more than broke through the 1,000-yard barrier on Saturday afternoon against rival Florida State. He keyed a strong ground attack that helped UF snap a two-game losing streak against the Seminoles.
The 5-foot-11, 209-pound Gillislee rushed for 140 yards and two touchdowns during UF's 37-26 win over Florida State at Doak Campbell Stadium. His 37-yard TD run in the fourth quarter put UF ahead to stay at 23-20.
Gillislee posted his fifth 100-yard rushing game of the season and at 1,104 yards is UF's first 1,000-yard rusher since Ciatrick Fason ran for 1,267 yards in 2004.
"It's much deserved," Florida center Jonotthan Harrison said. "He earned every yard. He's a tough running back. He took so many hits. He keeps swinging back, and I love him for that."
Through injuries to the offensive line and defenses stacked up to stop him, Gillislee didn't lose focus during a long season.
After gaining a career-best 146 yards against LSU, Gillislee went five games before his next 100-yard game last week against Jacksonville State.
"I never got frustrated," Gillislee said. "I just knew I was going to keep on doing what I had to do to help my team to win. I wasn't worried about the yardage."
Gillislee rushed for a 9-yard TD in the second quarter, giving the Gators an early 13-0 lead.
He said he had "a little miscommunication" on a third-quarter fumble off a botched exchange with quarterback Jeff Driskel. It was UF's lone turnover of the game.
"We just moved on from it," Gillislee said.
Florida coach Will Muschamp said during the offseason he felt he should have used Gillislee more last season. In 2012, Gillislee emerged as the workhorse back and centerpiece for UF's physical, ball-control offense.
"It speaks where we're headed with our offense," Muschamp said. "It's more of a pro-style offense that you see (in the NFL) on Sunday."
All rights reserved. This copyrighted material may not be re-published without permission. Links are encouraged.


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You can customize how TV shows are recorded in Windows Media Center. For instance, you can prioritize certain recordings over others, or change the recording quality for future recordings.
If you're not sure how to get started with using Media Center to record TV on your computer, see Record TV in Windows Media Center.
If you're having trouble watching or recording TV shows, see Why didn't my TV show record in Windows Media Center? and Watching TV in Windows Media Center: frequently asked questions.
When Media Center records a TV show, it stores the file in the Public Recorded TV folder on your primary hard disk (usually located at C:\Users\Public\Recorded TV). If you have another hard disk installed in your computer, or an external storage device, you can change where Media Center stores recorded TV shows.
On the Windows Media Center start screen, scroll to Tasks, click Settings, click TV, click Recorder, and then click Recorder Storage.
Click Save.
If you're not sure how much free space a particular drive has, select the drive, and then check the chart under Total recording time before saving.
To limit the amount of hard disk space that Media Center can use for recorded shows, change the Maximum TV limit setting to a lower number.
Although Media Center can record TV shows to only one location at a time, it can monitor multiple locations for recorded content. This can be useful if you record a lot of TV shows and want to store some of them in a different location.
On the Windows Media Center start screen, scroll to Tasks, click Settings, click TV, click Recorder, and then click Media Libraries.
Click Add folders to the library, and then follow the instructions to choose a new folder (or folders) that you want Media Center to monitor for recorded TV shows.
For more information, see Add media files to Windows Media Center.
You can change the default settings that determine when recorded TV shows are automatically deleted.
On the Windows Media Center start screen, scroll to Tasks, click Settings, click TV, click Recorder, and then click Recording Defaults.
Under Keep, select one of the following options:
Until space needed: Automatically deletes recordings to make space for new ones.
For 1 week: Automatically deletes a recording one week after it was recorded.
Until I watch: Automatically deletes a recording after you finish watching it.
Until I delete: Won't automatically delete any recordings.
By default, Media Center starts recording a show two minutes before its scheduled time and stops recording three minutes after its scheduled time. You can change these settings to allow for more time on either end.
On the Media Center start screen, scroll to Tasks, click Settings, click TV, click Recorder, and then click Recording Defaults.
Do one of the following:
When you schedule a recording for a TV series, Media Center automatically records episodes based on the options that you set here.
Scroll down to the Series only recording defaults section.
Under Keep up to, choose how many recordings from this series to keep before older episodes are automatically deleted.
When you record a TV show or movie, it's saved as a Windows Recorded TV Show with a .wtv file name extension. For information about converting .wtv files to .dvr-ms (the older file type used by previous versions of Media Center), see Convert a recorded TV file (.wtv) to an older format.
An analog or digital TV tuner is required to play and record live TV in Windows Media Center. If your computer didn't come with a TV tuner, you might be able to add one. For more information about obtaining a TV tuner, see Get help for your TV tuner or contact your computer manufacturer.


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the good times are BACKK
the good times are BACKK
your welcome
Mex, Walrus, have I expressed my severe love for you gals yet?
Well now I have <3 Glad to hear from you guys again!
I just realised that this situation might apply to me in a few years.
But nah, you guys are never coming to Asia.
I was in Japan, you should have seen me.
Your an absolutely wonderful man, any girl that is yours is lucky and I know that from personal experience. ~KMT
oh snap dogar
your welcome
Much has changed in your absence
is this a truthful truth full of truthfulness?
I'm not sure I believe the veracity of these goings-on.
I know for a fact Rebecca and Mex when to Anime Next so I'm sure they really saw each other.
I have another con in a month AHHH
"There has to be evil so that good can prove its purity above it."
- Guatama Buddha
Wait. More importantly. Where are your damned photos, God and Dogar? Photosssssssss.


text:
Colgate Nips Women's Hockey 1-0
Box Score
HAMILTON, N.Y. (2/21/14) - A goal three minutes into the third period proved to be the difference maker as Colgate defeats Princeton 1-0 on Friday, Feb. 21 at Starr Rink.
Hannah Rastrick's first goal of the season came at an opportune time, just 2:54 into the third period. Melissa Kueber and Taylor Volpe earned the assists on the would-be game-winning goal.
A Colgate (10-21-2, 7-14 ECAC) penalty at 16:16 gave Princeton (13-11-4, 9-9-3 ECAC) an opportunity to knot the game up, but the Raiders kept the Tigers at bay. Princeton tried again, using an extra skater with netminder Kimberly Newell on the bench for the final 1:37. Ashlynne Rando stopped both of Princeton's shots on goal to keep the clean sheet with 20 saves. Newell also made 20 saves in the game.
Princeton has locked in as the No. 6 seed in the ECAC Tournament. If the Tigers win tomorrow they'll have 23 points, still two back from St. Lawrence. If the Tigers lose and Yale wins the teams will be tied for sixth place with 21 points. WIth the team's splitting the season series, the tie-breaker would go to the team with more wins, and that would be the Tigers who would have 10 to Yale's seven.
Princeton will face either Clarkson, Harvard or Cornell in the ECAC Quarterfinals, determined after the outcomes of tomorrow's games.


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Virtualizing Exchange with VMware
Partner Community for Virtualizing Exchange
Virtualizing Exchange can be very simple. Many VMware customers simply deploy Exchange on vSphere exactly like they would deploy Exchange on physical infrastructure. But vSphere also offers many new options and capabilities that enable Exchange to run better. For example, customers can leverage VMware High Availability as an alternative or complement to Microsoft clustering, and mailbox servers can be scaled out on smaller and more efficient virtual machines.
Many customers turn to VMware for expert assistance in optimizing their Exchange environment on vSphere. To answer this demand, VMware has created a community of partners that are trained on VMware solutions for virtualizing Exchange. VMware works closely with this community to develop best practices, and implement these best practices in customer projects. The partner community has unique expertise to help you optimize your Exchange environment on vSphere – all the way from initial design to full production implementation.


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Okay, since there are over 400 pokemon, I would like to choose a top ten. Anyone can give suggestions, since I want this to be like a poll kind of thing. So, this is what you have to do to have your favorite pokemon in the top ten.
-nominate that pokemon.
-if it recieves at least 4 backup votes, it's in the poll.
-you can only vote once per pokemon.
So, for now, please just nominate. The deadline for the nomination process is in at least over a week. Then, I will calculate which pokemon get the most votes. There will be ten. Then after, maybe we'll vote for first, second and third place
i really hope this thread is succesful. Here goes about ten minutes of my time!!!


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Student Services
Chattanooga State strives to not only support students academically, but also in their life away from campus. The staff in Student Support is keenly aware of the many variables that can compromise a student's journey to the completion of required coursework and graduation. Over the years, several areas of support have been developed to address the needs of our student population.
Adult Services gives support to students age 24 and above who are returning to college or attending college for the first time. Counseling Services provide both individual and group counseling for students needing stability in various areas of their life. Disability Support aids students, who have disabilities that might impede their success in college, with services that level the playing field. Multicultural Services works to create an atmosphere of inclusion on campus for all students regardless of their race, nationality or religious affiliation. Students who take advantage of these services have a less stressful and more fulfilling college experience at Chattanooga State.


text:
Roy Calvin Green
Position: WR-DB
Height: 6-0 Weight: 195 lbs.
Born: June 30, 1957 in Magnolia, AR
High School: Magnolia
College: Henderson St.
Drafted by the St. Louis Cardinals in the 4th round (89th overall) of the 1979 NFL Draft.
Weighted Career AV (100-95-...): 70 (586th overall since 1950)
2-time Pro Bowler & 2-time First-Team All-Pro (fine print)


text:
Rated 5 out of 5 by 4 reviewers.
Rated 5 out of 5 by LizaP lovely windchine for the price This was less than $12 on sale, and it's a great windchime for the price. It is a medium tone chime, so not jarringly too high for the ears. The crystal is a lovely touch, and the copper tubes and the amber wood look great against all the green foilage of my garden! July 9, 2015
Rated 5 out of 5 by SashaWV Mellow chiming Beautiful wind chime. Rings in a minor key, so not one for a fan of light jingling, but great for fans of the deeper tones. April 21, 2014
Rated 5 out of 5 by Riverfolk Crystal reflects rainbow colors I'm very pleased with my copper wind chimes. I really didn't pay much attention to the description "with crystal" but that is the most delightful part. It catches the sun and reflects a rainbow of colors through my window. And I love to listen to the chimes. It hangs 32". March 5, 2014
Rated 5 out of 5 by Little One Beautiful, durable, and fairly priced! I purchased this wind chime from the store in the early Spring of this year. At the time, it hung from my top floor apartment balcony and braved the late winter/early spring winds of Northern Nevada. It's moved with me 3 different times now, and has lasted through all four seasons of the high desert. The sound is clear and beautiful - as if this wind chime was purchased for much, much more than listed. I would highly recommend it for anyone that enjoys a little music in the breeze. It makes a lovely accent to any outdoor setting and will last for seasons to come. :) December 29, 2011
1-4 of 4
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ZF-2891: Detach Zend_Cache from Zend_Loader
All ZF components should be loosly coupled and be able to be used alone without other components if possible.
Zend_Cache_Backend for example:
// Create a default logger to the standard output stream
A simple require_once would be faster and would decouple it from Zend_Loader, which makes it possible to use Zend_Cache without Zend_Loader. There are a few other places in Zend_Cache where this should also be decoupled.
There are some classes which could be detached:
Zend_Feed_Builder_Header_Itunes (line 115) Zend_Feed_Builder_Header (lines 178, 249, 272) Zend_InfoCard (line 144)
I've searched through the framework using:
I wish, I could edit comments....
Best would be to create an issue per component. Because the author of Zend_Feed will not touch Zend_Cache and visa-versa.
Ok, I didn't want to mess up the tracker.
Thats no problem... I know the guys. :-)
When you add 15 classes to be changes this issue will be opened forever because everyone says he is not able to change the other class.
So better go the simple way and copy the issue for every component where it is needed. ;-)
OK, I'll remember this in the future :-)
Updating for the 1.6.0 release.


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PCC in the News
News: Men/Women Cross Country Each Grab 3rd At Rio Hondo Meet
The Pasadena City College men's and women's cross country teams each took third place in their respective races Friday at the Rio Hondo Invitational meet held at the Whittier Narrows courses in South El Monte.
The Lancers men were paced by sophomore Brendan Greene, who took eighth place overall out of 75 runners from nine colleges participating over the 4-mile course. Greene ran a time of 21 minutes, 1 second. Pasadena placed seven different runners among the top 34 spots.
Other PCC finishers in order were sophomore Oswel Caal, 16th place, 21:37, freshman David Moreno, 22nd, 22:00, sophomore Chris Alagala, 26th, 22:15, sophomore Faustino Gil, 30th, 22:32, freshman Pedro Lopez, 33rd, 22:48, freshman Bryce Van Ross, 34th, 22:56.
"I think we are seeing some huge jumps by our sophomore runners from last season," said PCC head coach Armand Crespo. "Brendan is starting to take charge as our No. 1 right now and guys like Oswel, Chris, and Faustino all are stepping up early on. We have some other runners who when healthy should put us right up in the mix with other big programs."
Also running for the Lancers were freshman Sergio Andrade, 50th, 24:15, and freshman Adam Akopyan, 58th, 25:16.
Southwestern won the meet with Steven Lepe winning the individual race honors in 20:08. South Coast Conference foe Los Angeles Trade Tech was second while PCC placed ahead of other SCC opponents in East Los Angeles (sixth) and Long Beach City (eighth).
Lancers freshman Tansica Sunkamaneevongse ran a 19:10 time to grab fifth place and sophomore teammate Christina Shamirian took sixth at 19:29 as PCC's women took third out of six scoring teams. Fifty-eight runners participated in the 5-kilometer race.
PCC ended up with eight racers placing in the top 25.
Sophomore Kailadnni Chavez placed 11th at 20:15 and freshman Edna Bailon was 15th (20:47). Also placing for the Lancers were sophomore Linda Flores-Barillas (19th, 21:10), and freshmen in order Brenda Grate (21st, 21:17), Emely Garcia (24th, 21:25), Ashley Medina (25th, 21:28), and Marina Flores (32nd, 22:01).
"Tansica ran an exceptional race and it may have been her personal best," Crespo said. "It was a flatter course, but we excelled as a team with that many runners in the upper half of the field. I only see our team getting better each meet."
[Photo--PCC harriers Brendan Greene (far left) and Chris Alagala (second from left) in action during the Rio Hondo Invitational Friday at Whittier Narrows in El Monte, image by Richard Quinton, sports information photographer.]
Release Date: 09/09/2013
SERVICE ALERT: PCC will be launching an updated version of this website on Tuesday, June 28, and Wednesday, June 29. During that time, you may notice some changes to content, layout, and functionality of the site, and there may be interruptions in service. We appreciate your patience during the launch, and apologize for any inconvenience this may cause.