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This is a 24/7 chat service provided through Maryland AskUsNow!.
This website hopes to help people reduce their risk of becoming sick from foodborne illness. The FightBac! program is sponsored by the Partnership for Food Safety Education (PFSE). PFSE is a not-for-profit organization that unites industry associations, professional societies in food science, nutrition and health, consumer groups, and the U.S. government to educate the public about safe food handling and foodborne illness.
The Home Safety Council is dedicated to preventing home related injuries that result in nearly 20,000 deaths and 21 million medical visits on average each year. They provide home safety tips, checklists and information about home fire safety, preventing falls, poison prevention, water safety, child safety, disaster preparedness as well as many other home safety topics.
Help keep your family safe by checking product recalls and safety news from Consumer Product Safety commission on this website. The U.S. Consumer Product Safety Commission is charged with protecting the public from injury or death from more than 15,000 types of consumer products. The CPSC is committed to protecting consumers and families from products that pose a fire, electrical, chemical, or mechanical hazard or can injure children.
Maintained by the staff of the Business, Science & Technology Department, State Library Resource Center, Enoch Pratt Free Library


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SAFETY ALERT: If you are in danger, please use a safer computer, or call 911, your local hotline, or the U.S. National Domestic Violence Hotline at 1-800-799-7233 and TTY 1-800-787-3224. See more technology safety tips here. There is always a computer trail, but you can leave this site quickly.
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|Florida Business Incubation Association (FBIA)
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|(407) 882-0107
Alianza is not responsible for the information provided in any of the websites, books, videos or other resources published by any of the organizations or other entities listed.
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Web Implementation by Karmic Visions

subset: commoncrawl


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- Date submitted: 1 Nov 2011
- Stakeholder type: Major Group
- Name: Maryknoll Sisters of St. Dominic
- Submission Document: Download
Maryknoll Sisters
Institutional Framework
Anthropological and Moral Considerations:
P.O. Box 311, Maryknoll, NY 10545-0311
Tel: 914-941-7575 www.maryknoll.org
It can be said that the most important discoveries of the modern period are the discovery of evolution and the realization that the human species and human culture are part of evolutionary development; part of the interrelated and interconnected Earth system.
Humanity can trace its origins fairly well through its early emergence to its development as Homo Sapiens-Sapiens, morally characterized by individuals? assuming responsibility for their own actions. The present period would seem to be bringing forth a new evolutionary moment within the human species; the development of the Universal Human. This stage is morally characterized by assuming personal responsibility for the well-being of Earth. It is accompanied by knowledge of the influence of human behavior on Earth and its life-support systems. It is conscious of responsibility to future generations of life. The Universal Human has universal responsibilities!
Currently, the United Nations Commission on Sustainable Development, as an institutional structure, does not correspond to the above way of understanding human emergence and contemporary development. Consequently, the structure is hindered in facilitating the goal for which it was created: Sustainability.
New Institutional Structure:
Therefore, Maryknoll supports creating a Sustainability Council that would be responsible to the General Assembly. The sustainability of the Earth Community of Life should be given the highest priority by the United Nations.
It is to be expected that Member States may initially oppose this move as the development of global conscience is uneven; many members are most deeply concerned for their Nation States. Nevertheless, the Earth Summit affords an opportunity for framing thinking and acting that will have long term effects on the fulfillment of the main objective of the United Nations, establishing peace and human security throughout the world. This can only be accomplished on a foundation of sustainability. In addition, the creation of a new and updated physical structure at United Nations Headquarters in New York should be aligned with new and updated organizational structures that facilitate the achievement of the United Nations? high objectives.
The recommended structure would accomplish three important tasks over time:
It would ensure that all people have a voice in the work of securing a viable future for the human family - rooted in vigorous life-support systems.
It would function as an important element of global governance that would lessen the negative environmental, social and economic impacts of large corporations that are not adequately accountable to government structures and may actually control government policy through powerful lobbying mechanisms.
It would pave the way for the next major work of the United Nations in the broadening of Human Rights to include Earth Rights.
The role of Civil Society should be enhanced beyond the currently established Major Groups so that it is inclusive of the range of Society?s expertise, cultural arrangements and spiritual depth and insight.
While the Sustainability Council would find its main functionality through just social, environmental and economic development, it would act with overarching vigilance for well- being in all United Nations endeavors, building on past achievements even while its direction is cast firmly toward the future.


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Kristen Moss & Blaire Hayes, owners of Flight Boutique since 2009 562 Main St. and 577 Main St., Park City 435-604-0806Flight Boutique opened just over two years ago, but in that short amount of time, owners and Park City natives Kristen Moss and Blaire Hayes have developed a must-stop shop for fashionistas of all breeds.
"We are different, innovative and offer a wide price range from that designer piece you will have forever to an affordable, fun party dress," said Moss, who along with high school pal and fellow University of Utah business grad Hayes, spent time honing her fashion chops outside the Beehive State before returning to open Flight.
Hayes, who worked as a stylist in New York for Vogue and W, and Moss, who coordinated L.A. Fashion Week shows and a showroom featuring eight designers, have brought their style acumen to build an impressive mix of dressy to casual clothing and accessories.
Designer duds share equal real estate with lower-priced, but equally chic and trend-on pieces, while accessories like printed scarves, playful jewelry and casual booties bring an added boost to the assortment. Better yet? The mix covers ground from higher-priced contemporary lines peaking at $400 by the likes of Elizabeth & James and Theory to steals below the $100 mark by BB Dakota and Mink Pink.
"We strive to be the best we can for our clients," says Hayes, noting she and Moss pride themselves on being in the shops every day and use social media like Facebook and Twitter to keep customers in the loop. "We listen to their wants and needs, [and] it has really helped finding fashion pieces at good prices."
Flight has also, well, taken flight in recent months. A second store opened its doors up the street from the flagship in April, and Moss and Hayes have big plans to take their offering to the web with an online shop slated to bow this fall.
"We bring new, exclusive brands to Utah," says Moss, who in the post-recession economic climate, is looking forward to ski season. "We're excited for the winter and have so many amazing pieces to offer our clients."


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Queensryche: Operation Mindcrime
Friday, March 21, 2014 – 8:00PM
Gothic Theatre
Event Info
Ages: All Ages
Doors Open: 7:00
Starting From: $37.50
Door Price: $40.00
Tickets On Sale Saturday, February 8, 2014 @ 10AM
Event Information At:
Further laying down the gauntlet and keeping the music he's created over the past three decades alive, Queensrÿche vocalist and founding member Geoff Tate will be taking the newly-announced line-up on the road next year to celebrate the 25th Anniversary of the band's epic 1988 release, Operation: Mindcrime. The tour — with dates slated to begin in April (see below) — will feature the arsenal of bassist Rudy Sarzo (Ozzy Osbourne/Quiet Riot/Whitesnake/Dio), drummer Bobby Blotzer (Ratt), guitarist Kelly Gray (Queensrÿche/Myth) and keyboardist Randy Gane (Myth) along with special guest appearances and plenty of surprises. In 2006, Queensrÿche brought the theatrical interpretation of the Mindcrime saga to audiences all over the world. A year later, the band would release Mindcrime at the Moore, a double DVD featuring the theatrical performances of both Operation: Mindcrime I & II albums that debuted at No. 1 on the Billboard Music DVD Chart. The DVD set would mark the band's first No. 1 chart debut, quickly achieving gold status, selling over 50,000 units. The performance of Operation: Mindcrime next spring will cover all 15 songs from the album including such fan favorites as "Revolution Calling," "Operation: Mindcrime," "I Don't Believe in Love," and the closing track, "Eyes of a Stranger." It will also feature other selections from the Queensrÿche catalog including songs from Operation: Mindcrime II.
The news of the 25th Anniversary Mindcrime Tour comes just a few weeks after Tate's eagerly-awaited sophomore solo release, Kings & Thieves, was released on InsideOut Music (11/6/12). His first solo release in more than a decade, Kings & Thieves is a journey into the mind of one of rock's most dynamic vocalists. It's been said that "a rolling stone gathers no moss," and that couldn't be more true of Tate, as he hit the ground running in mid-October for an intensive trek of tour dates in support of Kings & Thieves, expected to last throughout the year. Among the highlights of the current tour were several Canadian dates with the legendary Alice Cooper earlier this month.


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indinavir capsule - oral, Crixivan
GENERIC NAME: INDINAVIR CAPSULE - ORAL (in-DIN-uh-veer)
BRAND NAME(S): Crixivan
Medication Uses | How To Use | Side Effects | Precautions | Drug Interactions | Overdose | Notes | Missed Dose | Storage
USES: This drug is used with other HIV medications to help control HIV infection. It helps to decrease the amount of HIV in your body so your immune system can work better. This lowers your chance of getting HIV complications (such as new infections, cancer) and improves your quality of life.Indinavir belongs to a class of drugs known as protease inhibitors. It may be given with ritonavir, another protease inhibitor, to increase ("boost") the levels of indinavir. This helps indinavir work better.Indinavir is not a cure for HIV infection. To decrease your risk of spreading HIV disease to others, do all of the following: (1) continue to take all HIV medications exactly as prescribed by your doctor, (2) always use an effective barrier method (latex or polyurethane condoms/dental dams) during all sexual activity, and (3) do not share personal items (such as needles/syringes, toothbrushes, and razors) that may have contacted blood or other body fluids. Consult your doctor or pharmacist for more details.OTHER This section contains uses of this drug that are not listed in the approved professional labeling for the drug but that may be prescribed by your health care professional. Use this drug for a condition that is listed in this section only if it has been so prescribed by your health care professional.This medication may also be used in combination with other HIV medications to reduce the risk of getting HIV infection after contact with the virus. Consult your doctor for more details.
Report Problems to the Food and Drug Administration
You are encouraged to report negative side effects of prescription drugs to the FDA. Visit the FDA MedWatch website or call 1-800-FDA-1088.
Need help identifying pills and medications?
Back to Medications Index


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Main Content:
Polo Shirts for Men
Gap Polo Shirts for Men
Gap offers mens polo shirts in a variety of styles so that you can find your favorites.
Mens Polo Shirts Gap Collection
The polo shirts for men from Gap are always the latest looks for guys who want a cool vibe. Find shirts in this selection in solids, stripes and in color blocking. Our polos are available in the bright, fun colors of the season. Our stripe shirts include designs in narrow and wide stripes as well as multi color stripes.
Mens Polo Shirts Features
Mens polos from this assortment are made from premium grade cotton fabric that is machine washable. Find designer features including ribbed cuffs, flat knit ribbed contrast collars, button plackets and side vents. We offer shirts in men's sizes from XS to XXXL. Use our handy size chart to get the perfect fit.
Gap Mens Polo Shirts Style Tips
Polo shirts are a versatile garment that can be worn for a variety of occasions. Wear polos to school, to work or wear them for everyday. Add a polo to a pair of jeans for a casual outfit that is comfortable to wear. Going golfing? Grab one of the shirts from this collection and wear it with a pair of shorts and have a comfortably fitting shirt with lots of room to swing a club. Guys love the fact that polos are a great choice to wear with slacks, khakis, jeans and shorts. You can even wear a polo with a blazer for a dress up look. If you button up your polo, be sure to wear it with either slim fit or standard fit jeans or pants instead of the baggy styles. Wear our bright polo shirt with light colored pants or shorts and dark shirts with dark jeans and pants.
Mens polo shirts from Gap can be dressed up or down according to the occasion and are a versatile staple for any guy's wardrobe.


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13th-Ranked Nittany Lions Hold Off Tigers In Front Of Packed Dillon Gym
In front of a capacity crowd, in an arena with as much energy as its seen in more than a decade, the Princeton men's volleyball team dropped a dramatic 3-1 thriller to the 13th-ranked Penn State Nittany Lions.
Princeton, which dropped its first home match of the season and first EIVA match in six attempts, grabbed a 1-0 lead with a 25-20 set, but Penn State took the final three for its 10th win of the league season. After rallying for a 25-23 win in the second, Penn State finished the match with 25-18 and 25-20 wins.
"This was the most electrifying energy for a Princeton volleyball match in my four years here," said head coach Sam Shweisky. "I want to thank the band, all our fans and the great student support that made Dillon such a special place tonight."
Ultimately, the second set was the critical one for both sides. Princeton had the match lead, the momentum and a 16-11 advantage after one of Pat Schwagler's team-best 16 kills. Penn State rallied for six of the next eight points to close the gap, and it ultimately grabbed the lead on one of Aaron Russell's 18 kills. A Nick Goodell kill gave Penn State the 25-23 lead, and the Nittany Lions never let that momentum go the rest of the match.
Schwagler had 16 kills and four blocks, while sophomore Cody Kessel, in only his second match back from injury, had nine kills, six digs and three blocks. Senior captain Michael Dye added six kills, four blocks and hit .400 for the match, while sophomore Will Siroky had six blocks. Kessel led Princeton with six digs, while sophomore Tony Ensbury had five.
Despite the loss, Princeton clinched a berth in the EIVA postseason because of Saint Francis' 3-2 loss at George Mason. The Tigers likely can't finish any higher than the second seed, and that position will be determined by upcoming matches at Harvard (April 5) and at home against George Mason (April 20)


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Delete or recover deleted Gmail messages
To delete an email, open or select the message and click the Trash icon . In case you change your mind and want to un-delete them, deleted messages stay in the Trash folder for around 30 days. After that, they'll no longer be user-recoverable.
Tip: Archive instead of delete
Instead of deleting a message, you can archive it. When you archive a message, it moves the message out of your inbox but keeps it in your account so you can search for it later. Learn more about archiving messages.
- Open Gmail.
- Open the message (or select the checkbox next to it).
- Click the Trash icon .
To delete a specific message from a conversation thread, click the down arrow next to Reply and choose Delete this message.
- Open Gmail.
- Find the group of messages you want to delete. You can find messages by searching or by selecting all messages with a certain label.
- Select messages using the checkbox in the toolbar above your messages. This selects all messages that are currently visible on the page.
- Directly above your messages, you should see a sentence similar to this:
"All 20 conversations on this page are selected. Select all conversations that match this search."
Use the "Select all conversations" link to select the rest of the messages if you'd like to delete all the messages at once rather than one page at a time.
- If you're confident you won't need these messages in the future, click the Trash icon .
If you want to permanently delete a message right away, you can do it manually.
- Go to Trash (see directions above).
- To delete messages individually, open or select the message and click the Delete forever.
- To delete all messages in Trash at once, click the Empty Trash now link directly above the messages.
Messages stay in Trash for around 30 days after which they are no longer user-recoverable. You can find and move messages out of Trash before they're automatically deleted.Find messages in Trash
- Open Gmail.
- Hover over your label list on the left side of Gmail (under the compose button).
- Click More at the bottom of your label list (you may need to scroll down).
- Select Trash.
If you don't see Trash under More , look for Trash towards the top of your label list.
- Find the message in Trash (see above).
- Open the message (or select the checkbox next to it).
- Click the Move to icon .
- Choose where you want to move the message to, such as Inbox or another label.
You can delete messages one-by-one or select multiple messages. To delete all messages, you'll need to sign in to Gmail on your computer.Archive & delete actions
Are you more likely to archive or delete a message? This setting makes your preferred remove action visible while viewing messages and notifications.
- In the Gmail app, touch the menu .
- Touch Settings.
- Select General settings.
- Touch Archive & delete actions.
When you choose to see archive, see delete, or see both, you'll be able to:
- See the icon(s) when you view mail.
- Choose the action (archive or delete) from interactive notifications (Android 4.1+).
- Swipe to archive or delete (make sure the box for the swipe setting is checked).
Tip: Additional actions are in the menu , so you can always delete or archive messages.
To avoid accidentally deleting an important message, you can turn on these settings:
- In the Gmail app, touch the menu .
- Touch Settings.
- Select General settings.
- Check Confirm before deleting, Confirm before archiving, or both.
- In the Gmail app, touch the menu .
- Select Trash.
- In the Gmail app, touch the menu .
- Select Trash.
- Select or open a message.
- Touch the "Move to" icon .
- Choose a label.
When you empty Trash, messages are permanently deleted from your Gmail account and can't be recovered.
- In the Gmail app, touch the menu .
- Touch Trash.
- At the top, touch Empty trash now.
When you delete a message in the Gmail app for Android, the conversation is automatically archived and added to the Trash label.
To permanently delete a conversation from the Trash label, use the Gmail web app:
- Visit m.google.com in your mobile web browser to access the Gmail web app.
- From the Inbox, touch Menu.
- Select the Trash label.
- Select the conversations you'd like to delete.
- Touch Delete forever.
Learn More
Vivian is a Gmail expert and the author of this help page. Leave her feedback about this help page.


text: This versatile, long-haired brush gradually tapers to a medium-size dome of soft, natural hair bristles. Its unique shape makes it ideal for applying shadow all over lids, softening eye contour colors, diffusing shadow pigments or setting concealer to perfection. Better tapered edge allows for softer blending.How to use: For Shadow Application: Dip brush tip into eye shadow. Tap off excess. Apply to desired lid area by lightly sweeping across eye. For more definition: blend into the crease. For Shadow Blending: Use gentle, horizontal strokes to blend shadow over lid from outer corner into crease. For Setting Concealer: Roll brush over concealer and apply around eye area using light vertical strokes for a lasting, flawless finish.Backstage Beauty Tip: Best for all over shadow application of shimmers or sheens or blending out any hard edges on the eye.Department: CosmeticsStyle: S05699


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For the most current version of this Note, see Background Notes A-Z.
Republic of Kenya
Area: 582,646 sq. km. (224,960 sq mi.); slightly smaller than Texas.
Cities: Capital--Nairobi (pop. 2.1 million). Other cities--Mombasa (665,000), Kisumu (504,000), Nakuru (1.2 million).
Terrain: Kenya rises from a low coastal plain on the Indian Ocean in a series of mountain ridges and plateaus which stand above 3,000 meters (9,000 ft.) in the center of the country. The Rift Valley bisects the country above Nairobi, opening up to a broad arid plain in the north. Mountain plains cover the south before descending to the shores of Lake Victoria in the west.
Climate: Varies from the tropical south, west, and central regions to arid and semi-arid in the north and the northeast.
Nationality: Noun and adjective--Kenyan(s).
Population (2002 est.): 30 million.
Annual growth rate (2003 est.): 1.7%.
Ethnic groups: African--Kikuyu 21%, Luhya 14%, Luo 13%, Kalenjin 11%, Kamba 11%, Kisii 6%, Meru 5%. Non-African--Asian, European, Arab 1%.
Religions: Indigenous beliefs 10%, Protestant 40%, Roman Catholic 30%, Muslim 20%.
Languages: English, Swahili, more than 40 local ethnic languages.
Education: Years compulsory--None, but first 8 years of primary school are provided through cost-sharing between government and parents. Attendance--84% for primary grades. Literacy (in English)-65.5%.
Health: Infant mortality rate--115/1,000. Life expectancy--49 yrs.
Work force (1.7million wage earners): Public sector 30%; private sector 70%. Informal sector workers--3.7 million. Services--45%; industry and commerce--35%; agriculture--20%.
Type: Republic.
Independence: December 12, 1963.
Constitution: 1963.
Branches: Executive--president (chief of state, head of government, commander in chief of armed forces). Legislative--unicameral National Assembly (parliament). Judicial--Court of Appeal, High Court, various lower and special courts, including Kadhis' (Islamic) courts
Administrative subdivisions: 69 districts, joined to form 7 rural provinces. Nairobi area has special status.
Political parties: Registered political parties, 41. Ruling party, National Rainbow Coalition (NARC), coalition of 14 separately registered parties.
Suffrage: Universal at 18.
GDP (2003): $12.7 billion.
Annual growth rate (2004): 4.3%.
Per capita income: $271.
Natural resources: Wildlife, land.
Agriculture: Products--tea, coffee, sugarcane, horticultural products, corn, wheat, rice, sisal, pineapples, pyrethrum, dairy products, meat and meat products, hides, skins. Arable land--5%.
Industry: Types--petroleum products, grain and sugar milling, cement, beer, soft drinks, textiles, vehicle assembly, paper and light manufacturing.
Trade (2002): Exports--$2.2 billion: tea, coffee, horticultural products, petroleum products, cement, pyrethrum, soda ash, sisal, hides and skins, fluorspar. Major markets--Uganda, Tanzania, United Kingdom, Germany, Netherlands, Ethiopia, Rwanda, Egypt, South Africa, United States. Imports--$3.2 billion: machinery, vehicles, crude petroleum, iron and steel, resins and plastic materials, refined petroleum products, pharmaceuticals, paper and paper products, fertilizers, wheat. Major suppliers--U.K., Japan, South Africa, Germany, United Arab Emirates, Italy, India, France, United States, Saudi Arabia.
Kenya has a very diverse population that includes most major language groups of Africa. Traditional pastoralists, rural farmers, Muslims, and urban residents of Nairobi and other cities contribute to the cosmopolitan culture. The standard of living in major cities, once relatively high compared to much of Sub-Saharan Africa, has been declining in recent years. Most city workers retain links with their rural, extended families and leave the city periodically to help work on the family farm. About 75% of the work force is engaged in agriculture, mainly as subsistence farmers. The national motto of Kenya is harambee, meaning "pull together." In that spirit, volunteers in hundreds of communities build schools, clinics, and other facilities each year and collect funds to send students abroad.
The six state universities enroll about 45,000 students, representing some 25% of the Kenyan students who qualify for admission. There are six private universities.
Fossils found in East Africa suggest that protohumans roamed the area more than 20 million years ago. Recent finds near Kenya's Lake Turkana indicate that hominids lived in the area 2.6 million years ago.
Cushitic-speaking people from northern Africa moved into the area that is now Kenya beginning around 2000 BC. Arab traders began frequenting the Kenya coast around the first century AD. Kenya's proximity to the Arabian Peninsula invited colonization, and Arab and Persian settlements sprouted along the coast by the eighth century. During the first millennium AD, Nilotic and Bantu peoples moved into the region, and the latter now comprises three-quarters of Kenya's population.
The Swahili language, a mixture of Bantu and Arabic, developed as a lingua franca for trade between the different peoples. Arab dominance on the coast was eclipsed by the arrival in 1498 of the Portuguese, who gave way in turn to Islamic control under the Imam of Oman in the 1600s. The United Kingdom established its influence in the 19th century.
The colonial history of Kenya dates from the Berlin Conference of 1885, when the European powers first partitioned East Africa into spheres of influence. In 1895, the U.K. Government established the East African Protectorate and, soon after, opened the fertile highlands to white settlers. The settlers were allowed a voice in government even before it was officially made a U.K. colony in 1920, but Africans were prohibited from direct political participation until 1944.
From October 1952 to December 1959, Kenya was under a state of emergency arising from the "Mau Mau" rebellion against British colonial rule. During this period, African participation in the political process increased rapidly.
The first direct elections for Africans to the Legislative Council took place in 1957. Kenya became independent on December 12, 1963, and the next year joined the Commonwealth. Jomo Kenyatta, a member of the large Kikuyu ethnic group and head of the Kenya African National Union (KANU), became Kenya's first President. The minority party, Kenya African Democratic Union (KADU), representing a coalition of small ethnic groups that had feared dominance by larger ones, dissolved itself voluntarily in 1964 and joined KANU.
A small but significant leftist opposition party, the Kenya People's Union (KPU), was formed in 1966, led by Jaramogi Oginga Odinga, a former Vice President and Luo elder. The KPU was banned shortly thereafter, however, and its leader detained. No new opposition parties were formed after 1969, and KANU became the sole political party. At Kenyatta's death in August 1978, Vice President Daniel arap Moi became interim President. On October 14, Moi became President formally after he was elected head of KANU and designated its sole nominee.
In June 1982, the National Assembly amended the constitution, making Kenya officially a one-party state, and parliamentary elections were held in September 1983. The 1988 elections reinforced the one-party system. However, in December 1991, Parliament repealed the one-party section of the constitution. By early 1992, several new parties had formed, and multiparty elections were held in December 1992. Because of divisions in the opposition, however, Moi was reelected for another 5-year term, and his KANU party retained a majority of the legislature. Parliamentary reforms in November 1997 expanded political rights, and the number of political parties grew rapidly. Again because of a divided opposition, Moi won re-election as President in the December 1997 elections. KANU won 113 out of 222 parliamentary seats, but, because of defections, had to depend on the support of minor parties to forge a working majority.
In October 2002, a coalition of opposition parties joined forces with a faction which broke away from KANU to form the National Rainbow Coalition (NARC). In December 2002, the NARC candidate, Mwai Kibaki, was elected the country's third President. President Kibaki received 62% of the vote, and NARC also won 59% of the parliamentary seats (130 out of 222).
The unicameral National Assembly consists of 210 members elected to a term of up to 5 years from single-member constituencies, plus 12 members nominated by political parties on a proportional representation basis. The president appoints the vice president and cabinet members from among those elected to the assembly. The attorney general and the speaker are ex-officio members of the National Assembly.
The judiciary is headed by a High Court, consisting of a chief justice and High Court judges and judges of Kenya's Court of Appeal (no associate judges), all appointed by the president.
Local administration is divided among 69 rural districts, each headed by a presidentially appointed commissioner. The districts are joined to form seven rural provinces. The Nairobi area has special status and is not included in any district or province. The government supervises the administration of districts and provinces.
Principal Government Officials
President--Mwai Kibaki
Vice President--Moody Awori
Minister of Foreign Affairs--Chirau Ali Mwakwere
Ambassador to the United States--Leonard Ngaithe
Ambassador to the United Nations--Judith Behamuka
Kenya maintains an embassy in the United States at 2249 R Street NW, Washington, DC 20008 (tel. 202-387-6101).
Since independence, Kenya has maintained remarkable stability despite changes in its political system and crises in neighboring countries. Particularly since the re-emergence of multiparty democracy, Kenyans have enjoyed an increased degree of freedom.
A cross-party parliamentary reform initiative in the fall of 1997 revised some oppressive laws inherited from the colonial era that had been used to limit freedom of speech and assembly. This improved public freedoms and contributed to generally credible national elections in December 1997.
In December 2002, Kenyans held democratic and open elections, which were judged free and fair by international observers. The 2002 elections marked an important turning point in Kenya's democratic evolution in that power was transferred peacefully from the single party that had ruled the country since independence to a new coalition of parties
Under the presidency of Mwai Kibaki, the new ruling coalition promised to focus its efforts on generating economic growth, combating corruption, improving education, and rewriting its constitution. These promises have only been partially met, however, as the new government has been preoccupied with internal wrangling and power disputes. On July 22, 2005, Parliament voted to adopt a new draft constitution, which will be put to a national referendum in November 2005.
After independence, Kenya promoted rapid economic growth through public investment, encouragement of smallholder agricultural production, and incentives for private (often foreign) industrial investment. Gross domestic product (GDP) grew at an annual average of 6.6% from 1963 to 1973. Agricultural production grew by 4.7% annually during the same period, stimulated by redistributing estates, diffusing new crop strains, and opening new areas to cultivation.
Between 1974 and 1990, however, Kenya's economic performance declined. Inappropriate agricultural policies, inadequate credit, and poor international terms of trade contributed to the decline in agriculture. Kenya's inward-looking policy of import substitution and rising oil prices made Kenya's manufacturing sector uncompetitive. The government began a massive intrusion in the private sector. Lack of export incentives, tight import controls, and foreign exchange controls made the domestic environment for investment even less attractive.
From 1991 to 1993, Kenya had its worst economic performance since independence. Growth in GDP stagnated, and agricultural production shrank at an annual rate of 3.9%. Inflation reached a record 100% in August 1993, and the government's budget deficit was over 10% of GDP. As a result of these combined problems, bilateral and multilateral donors suspended program aid to Kenya in 1991.
In 1993, the Government of Kenya began a major program of economic reform and liberalization. A new minister of finance and a new governor of the central bank undertook a series of economic measures with the assistance of the World Bank and the International Monetary Fund (IMF). As part of this program, the government eliminated price controls and import licensing, removed foreign exchange controls, privatized a range of publicly owned companies, reduced the number of civil servants, and introduced conservative fiscal and monetary policies. From 1994-96, Kenya's real GDP growth rate averaged just over 4% a year.
In 1997, however, the economy entered a period of slowing or stagnant growth, due in part to adverse weather conditions and reduced economic activity prior to general elections in December 1997. In 2000, GDP growth was negative, but improved slightly in 2001 as rainfall returned closer to normal levels. Economic growth continued to improve slightly in 2002 and reached 1.4% in 2003; it was 4.3% in 2004.
In July 1997, the Government of Kenya refused to meet commitments made earlier to the IMF on governance reforms. As a result, the IMF suspended lending for 3 years, and the World Bank also put a $90-million structural adjustment credit on hold. Although many economic reforms put in place in 1993-94 remained, Kenya needs further reforms, particularly in governance, in order to increase GDP growth and combat the poverty that afflicts more than 57% of its population.
The Government of Kenya took some positive steps on reform, including the 1999 establishment of the Kenyan Anti-Corruption Authority, and measures to improve the transparency of government procurements and reduce the government payroll. In July 2000, the IMF signed a $150 million Poverty Reduction and Growth Facility (PRGF), and the World Bank followed suit shortly after with a $157 million Economic and Public Sector Reform credit. The Anti-Corruption Authority was declared unconstitutional in December 2000, and other parts of the reform effort faltered in 2001. The IMF and World Bank again suspended their programs. Various efforts to restart the program through mid-2002 were unsuccessful.
Under the leadership of President Kibaki, who took over on December 30, 2002, the Government of Kenya began an ambitious economic reform program and has resumed its cooperation with the World Bank and the IMF. The new National Rainbow Coalition (NARC) government enacted the Anti-Corruption and Economic Crimes Act and Public Officers Ethics Act in May 2003 aimed at fighting graft in public offices. Other reforms especially in the judiciary, public procurement etc., have led to the unlocking of donor aid and a renewed hope at economic revival. In November 2003, following the adoption of key anti-corruption laws and other reforms by the new government, donors reengaged as the IMF approved a three-year $250 million Poverty Reduction and Growth Facility and donors committed $4.2 billion in support over 4 years. The renewal of donor involvement has provided a much-needed boost to investor confidence.
However, the government's ability to stimulate economic demand through fiscal and monetary policy remains fairly limited while the pace at which the government is pursuing reforms in other key areas remains slow. The Privatization Bill is yet to be enacted and civil service reform has been limited despite the government's assertion that reforms would be undertaken. The main challenges include building consensus within the loosely bound NARC government, taking candid action on corruption, enacting anti-terrorism and money laundering laws, bridging budget deficits, rehabilitating and building infrastructure, maintaining sound macroeconomic policies, and addressing structural reforms needed to reverse slow economic growth.
Nairobi continues to be the primary communication and financial hub of East Africa. It enjoys the region's best transportation linkages, communications infrastructure, and trained personnel, although these advantages are less prominent than in past years. A wide range of foreign firms maintain regional branch or representative offices in the city. In March 1996, the Presidents of Kenya, Tanzania, and Uganda re-established the East African Cooperation (EAC). The EAC's objectives include harmonizing tariffs and customs regimes, free movement of people, and improving regional infrastructures. In March 2004, the three East African countries signed a Customs Union Agreement.
Despite internal tensions in Sudan and Ethiopia, Kenya has maintained good relations with its northern neighbors. Recent relations with Uganda and Tanzania have improved as the three countries work for mutual economic benefit.
Kenya has hosted and played an active role in the negotiations to resolve the civil war in Sudan and to reinstate a central government authority in Somalia. The Sudan peace negotiations have made major progress, resulting in the signing in Kenya of agreements between the Khartoum government and the southern Sudan rebels to put an end to the two-decade-long war. On January 9, 2005 a Sudan North-South Comprehensive Peace Accord was signed in Nairobi. Negotiations in the Somali National Reconciliation Conference resulted at the end of 2004 in the establishing of Somali Transitional Federal Institutions (Assembly, President, Prime Minister, and Government). Until early 2005, Kenya served as a major host both for these institutions and for refugees from Somalia as well as Sudan. Between May and June 2005, members of the Somalia Transitional Federal Institutions relocated to Somalia.
Kenya maintains a moderate profile in Third World politics. Kenya's relations with Western countries are generally friendly, although current political and economic instabilities are sometimes blamed on Western pressures.
The United States and Kenya have enjoyed cordial relations since Kenya's independence. More than 5,000 U.S. citizens live in Kenya, and as many as 25,000 Americans visit Kenya annually. About two-thirds of the resident Americans are missionaries and their families. U.S. business investment is estimated to be more than $285 million, primarily in commerce, light manufacturing, and the tourism industry.
U.S. assistance to Kenya promotes broad-based economic development as the basis for continued progress in political, social, and related areas of national life. U.S. aid strategy is designed to achieve four major objectives--health care, including family planning and AIDS prevention; increasing rural incomes by assisting small enterprises and boosting agricultural productivity; sustainable use of natural resources; and strengthening democratic institutions. The Peace Corps has 150 volunteers in Kenya.
Since 2001, the United States and Kenya have forged close ties and have strengthened cooperation on the war on terrorism.
Principal U.S. Officials
Ambassador--William M. Bellamy
Deputy Chief of Mission--Leslie Rowe
USAID Mission Director--Stephen Haykin
Public Affairs Officer--Robert C. Kerr
The U.S. Embassy in Kenya is located on UN Avenue, Nairobi, P.O. Box 606, Village Market, Nairobi (tel. 254-20-363-6000; fax 254-20-363-6157).
Short URL: http://m.state.gov/md52727.htm


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Astronomy Chat
Gallery Talk
Astronomer: Courtney Dressing
Wednesday, May 22, 2013
12:00 pm to 1:00 pm
Phoebe Waterman Haas Public Observatory
Museum in Washington, DC
Video chat with astronomer Courtney Dressing at the Public Observatory. Ask questions about her research about exoplanets, what it's like to be an astronomer, or anything else that interests you. Courtney Dressing is a Ph.D. student at Harvard University.
In the event of inclement weather, the program may be moved or postponed. Check @SIObservatory for updates or call (202) 633-2517.
Accessibility: The Observatory dome is accessible.
Directions to the Museum in Washington, DC
Museum Floorplan


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Honoring the life of a loved one is an emotional and personal experience. When choosing
cremation, you have unlimited options available for honoring your loved one in a
meaningful way.
We will assist you with creating a highly personalized funeral or memorial service
which reflects and celebrates the life of your loved one.
When you come to the funeral home to make funeral arrangements, you can expect to
spend approximately two hours with our staff creating a meaningful service to honor
your loved one, gathering information and selecting memorial products.
We will discuss your wishes for a funeral or memorial service and plan a ceremony
which reflects and honors their life. We will collect information about your loved
one's life for the obituary and official notifications.
One of the most meaningful aspects of any service is the Life Story Memorial Tribute
Video, which displays photos of your loved one's life to guests at the visitation
and service. This video will also be posted on the obituary for online visitors.
We will work with you on creating this video.
We will also assist you in selecting merchandise such as a cremation urn, a burial
vault, a guest register for family and friends to sign at the service, memorial
flowers and keepsakes.
If you wish, our staff will help you design a cemetery marker which will serve as
a permanent memorial and gathering place for family and friends.
We want you to be completely satisfied with our services, so we will review all
of your selections and make sure all of your questions are answered, ensuring that
you can leave the funeral home with peace of mind that everything will be taken
care of.
Families who choose cremation sometimes wonder whether they should have a ceremony
or gathering. From our experience working with many families, we believe a ceremony
is very important to the healing process. Noted grief counselor and educator Dr.
Alan Wolfelt discusses the ways that a ceremony can bring help and healing in a
time of loss
Memorials and keepsakes are special tokens of remembrance which help you keep the
memory of your loved one close.
This can take the form of memorial candles, small keepsake urns, jewelry and other
We can assist you with choosing items which will be meaningful to you and your family.
A very special part of any funeral or memorial gathering is the Life Story Memorial
Tribute Video, which is a collection of cherished photos set to music. Photos stir
our memories and our emotions, allowing us to reflect and remember. The video is
played at a service or visitation, and can be viewed on your loved one's online
memorials. Our staff can assist you in creating this tribute.
Grief expert and educator Dr. Alan Wolfelt explains how a memorial video can provide
hope and healing in a time of loss.
Cremation urns are are available in many styles and of materials, including bronze,
cloisonné, and fine-quality woods such as mahogany, cherry and oak. Many urns can
be personalized with engraving, laser etching of a photograph, or with the addition
of emblems.
Some urns are designed for display, others for placement in a cemetery, and still
others for scattering cremated remains in a special spot. Small keepsake sizes are
also available for many of our urns, providing family members a small token of remembrance.
To see a selection of urns as well as our other services and merchandise, please
go to our Online Funeral Planner.
When you choose cremation, you still have the option of burial in a family cemetery
plot. Most cemeteries require an outer burial container of some kind to protect
the grave space from the settling earth and heavy machinery.
Lined urn vaults provide the most protection to the urn. An example to the right
shows the impact of settling and machinery on a grave space with no urn vault, an
unlined urn burial container, and a lined urn vault.
Vaults are available in precious metals such as bronze and copper, stainless steel
and concrete. To see a selection of urn vaults as well as our other services and
merchandise, please go to our Online Funeral


text: Opened in December 1967 on London's Baker Street, the Beatles' Apple Boutique closed less than a year later in July 1968. Paul McCartney initially described the shop as "a beautiful place where beautiful people can buy beautiful things." At the time of the shop's closing, however, his enthusiasm had waned. On display at the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame and Museum in the Museum's Beatles exhibit is a mandarin collard green velvet jacket from the Apple Boutique. In this clip, assistant curator Meredith Rutledge-Borger discusses the Apple Boutique and how it and this jacket were indicative of an era. Visit the Beatles exhibit at the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame and Museum in Cleveland, Ohio, to see more from the Fab Four.


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I believe that there are specific restrictions placed on a ger (convert) being a legal decisor on a beit din. What are these restrictions and do those, ipso facto, preclude that individual from receiving smicha yadin yadin?
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A convert can:
A pure convert cannot:
These laws are based on the double language of שׂוֹם תָּשִׂים עָלֶיךָ מֶלֶךְ, אֲשֶׁר יִבְחַר יְהוָה אֱלֹהֶיךָ בּוֹ, any appointments should be restricted to the law of kings. One law is that he must be kin - מִקֶּרֶב אַחֶיךָ, תָּשִׂים עָלֶיךָ מֶלֶךְ--לֹא תוּכַל לָתֵת עָלֶיךָ אִישׁ נָכְרִי, אֲשֶׁר לֹא-אָחִיךָ הוּא. The Shulchan Aruch allows a convert the same status of a Yisrael if his mother or father had a Jewish parent, as this can still be called "your kin".
These laws are based on Shulchan Aruch CM 7:1 and the Shach and Sema there.