text:
Judge Karlin
10-40216 Judith Ann Grutsch (Doc. # 62)
- Details
- Category: Judge Karlin
- Published: 05 July 2011
- Written by Judge Karlin
In Re Grutsch, 10-40216 (Bankr. D. Kan. Jun. 29, 2011) Doc. # 62
Click here for the pdf document.
SIGNED this 29 day of June, 2011.
In re: )
JUDITH ANN GRUTSCH, ) Case No. 10-40216
Debtor. )
The issue before the Court is the post-BAPCPA interplay between 11 U.S.C. §§ 1325(b)(4)
and 1329(a)(2), specifically whether this (originally) above-median income Debtor, who began this
case with a 5–year applicable commitment period, can modify her plan so she only has to pay into
her plan for three years without paying unsecured creditors in full. This Court holds she can do so,
so long as the requirements of 11 U.S.C. § 1329(b) are fully satisfied, which includes the
requirement of good faith.
This issue is presented by the Debtor's Motion to Modify Plan After Confirmation.1 Debtor
seeks to modify her Chapter 13 plan to reduce the amount of her monthly plan payment as well as
1Doc. 44.
Case 10-40216 Doc# 62 Filed 06/29/11 Page 1 of 13
the plan length from 60 months to 36 months following her post-petition retirement from work.
Because the Chapter 13 Trustee ("Trustee") objected only to the latter portion of the motion, the
Court entered an order partly granting the order, thus reducing her monthly payment. . 2
Both parties have briefed the remaining legal issue, and the Court is ready to rule. The Court
has jurisdiction to decide this matter,3 and it is a core proceeding.4
The parties have stipulated to the relevant facts,5 and the Court adopts those stipulations.
Debtor filed her bankruptcy petition on February 23, 2010. At the time of the filing, Debtor's
annualized current income, as reported on Form B22, was $57,853. Because her annual income
exceeded the median income for a single person household in Kansas, Debtor was deemed an "above
median income" Debtor under 11 U.S.C. § 1325(b)(4).6 As a result, she was required by § 1325(b)
to propose a Chapter 13 plan that ran for 60 months, rather than 36 months, which is the minimum
plan length for a below median income debtor. Debtor's original plan was confirmed as a 60 month
plan without objection.
In August 2010, only six months after she filed the case, she retired. This resulted in a
substantial reduction in her monthly income. Debtor's income is now below the median income for
2Doc. 56. This order specifically reserved the issue of reducing the term of the plan payments.
3This Court has jurisdiction pursuant to 28 U.S.C. § 157(a) and 11 U.S.C. § 1334(a) and (b), and by operation
of a Standing Order dated August 1, 1984, effective July 10, 1984, referenced in D. Kan. Rule 83.8.5, wherein the
District Court for the District of Kansas referred all cases and proceedings in, under, or related to Title 11 to the District's
bankruptcy judges.
428 U.S.C. § 157(b)(2)(L).
5Doc. 52.
6All future statutory references are to the Bankruptcy Code as amended by the Bankruptcy Abuse Prevention
and Consumer Protection Act of 2005, 11 U.S.C. §§ 101 - 1532 (2005), unless otherwise specifically noted.
Case 10-40216 Doc# 62 Filed 06/29/11 Page 2 of 13
a single person household in Kansas. As a result of the decrease in her income, Debtor filed a
motion to modify her plan to both reduce the amount of her payments and to shorten the term of the
plan from 60 months to 36 months. Additional facts will be discussed below, when necessary.
The central issue is whether a debtor, whose income is above the median income for the
pertinent household size at the time a bankruptcy case is filed, but whose income subsequently falls
below the median, can modify her confirmed plan under § 1329 to reduce the applicable commitment
period (e.g., the duration of the plan) from 60 months to 36 months.
"One of the more significant changes made to Chapter 13 by the Bankruptcy Abuse
Prevention and Consumer Protection Act of 2005 (BAPCPA) was the inclusion of an 'Applicable
Commitment Period' to replace the minimum duration of three years in the 'best efforts test' of 11
U.S.C. § 1325(b)(1)(B)."7 Prior to the enactment of BAPCPA, debtors were required to satisfy the
"best efforts test," which could be accomplished if the plan provided that "all of the debtor's
projected disposable income to be received in the three year period under the plan will be applied
to make payments under the plan."8
With the passage of BAPCPA, however, if the trustee or the holder of an allowed unsecured
claim files an objection to a plan, debtors must now propose a plan that either (1) pays all allowed
unsecured claims in full or (2) commits to the payment of all of the debtor's "projected disposable
income," as defined in § 1325(b)(2), to be received during the "applicable commitment period." The
7In re Buck, 443 B.R. 463, 465 (Bankr. N.D. Ga. 2010).
811 U.S.C. § 1325(b)(1)(B) (2004).
Case 10-40216 Doc# 62 Filed 06/29/11 Page 3 of 13
applicable commitment period is defined in § 1325(b)(4). That provision states that the applicable
commitment period is three years except for debtors whose "current monthly income" is not less than
the median family income for a household of a similar size in the state in which the debtors reside.
For debtors whose "current monthly income" exceeds the median family income for their
state, the applicable commitment period is extended to five years. Essentially, "current monthly
income" is "anchored in static historical income" because it is defined as, with certain exceptions,
"the average monthly income from all sources that the debtor receives . . . during the 6-month period
ending on . . . the last day of the calendar month immediately preceding the date of the
commencement of the case . . . ."10 "Current monthly income" is, therefore, not necessarily a
debtor's actual income upon confirmation or any other time, but is instead a fixed amount based
upon the debtor's average income for the six month period preceding the filing date.
In this case, Debtor's current monthly income on the date of filing was clearly above the
median for a one-person household in Kansas. As such, she was required to propose a five year plan.
Debtor's five year plan was confirmed without objection. Because Debtor's income is now below
the median income, however, she seeks to amend her plan to reduce the length of the plan to 36
months. The Trustee has objected, arguing that § 1325(b) requires Debtor to remain in the plan for
60 months.11
9Keith M. Lundin & William H. Brown, Chapter 13 Bankruptcy, 4th Ed., § 506.1, at ¶ 16, Sec. Rev. Mar. 29,
2006, www.Ch13online.com.
11In addition to the Trustee's objection based upon failure to comply with the applicable commitment period,
the Court notes that any proposed modification must also comply with the requirements of § 1325(a), which must be met
regardless whether any objection has been filed by the trustee or a creditor.
Case 10-40216 Doc# 62 Filed 06/29/11 Page 4 of 13
Debtor responds by arguing that § 1325(b) is applicable only at the original confirmation
stage, and is inapplicable in the context of a motion to modify the Chapter 13 plan under § 1329.
Thus, this Court must decide whether the provisions of § 1325(b) are applicable when a debtor seeks
to modify a previously confirmed Chapter 13 plan.
The starting point for any modification of a confirmed Chapter 13 plan is § 1329(a). That
statute provides:
At any time after confirmation of the plan but before the completion of
payments under such plan, the plan may be modified, upon request of the debtor, the
trustee, or the holder of an allowed unsecured claim, to—
(1) increase or reduce the amount of payments on claims of a particular class
provided for by the plan;
(2) extend or reduce the time for such payments;
(3) alter the amount of the distribution to a creditor whose claim is provided for by
the plan to the extent necessary to take account of any payment of such claim other
than under the plan; or
(4) reduce amounts to be paid under the plan by the actual amount expended by the
debtor to purchase health insurance for the debtor (and for any dependent of the
debtor if such dependent does not otherwise have health insurance coverage) . . . .12
Section 1329(b)(1) then specifically provides that "Sections 1322(a), 1322(b), and 1323(c) of this
title and the requirements of section 1325(a) of this title apply to any modification under subsection
(a) of this section."
There does not appear to be any binding precedent in the Tenth Circuit on the issue of
whether § 1325(b) applies to plan modifications under § 1329. This Court recently addressed the
applicability of the disposable income test, which is found in § 1325(b)(2), in a case where the
12Emphasis added.
Case 10-40216 Doc# 62 Filed 06/29/11 Page 5 of 13
Chapter 13 Trustee sought to increase plan payments when the debtors' income drasticallyincreased
during the life of a plan, but did not specifically find that the requirements of § 1325(b) must be met
for any plan modification brought pursuant to § 1329.13 Numerous courts have now addressed the
issue, and although there is a split in authority, the vast majority of courts deciding the issue have
held that post-confirmation modifications are not governed by 11 U.S.C. § 1325(b).14 This Court
agrees with the majority.
The decision in In re Davis,15 a recent case from the Northern District of Illinois, is very
persuasive. Just as in this case, Davis was an above median income debtor when she filed her
bankruptcy petition; she proposed a 60 month Chapter 13 plan, as required by § 1325(b). Post
13 In re Self, 2009 WL 2969489 (Bankr. D. Kan. 2009). What the Court did find in Self was that the plan
modification was not proposed in good faith when debtors simply absorbed the trebling of their income (increasing by
$123,500 over the amount noted on the original Schedule I) by increasing their housing expense by almost 100% ($1,480
to $2,800), doubling their food expense, increasing clothing and laundry expenses by a factor of seven, trebling medical
and dental expenses, quadrupling recreation expenses, increasing health insurance from $0 to $578, increasing hair care,
toiletries, and school tuition (private) by a factor of 10, and increasing charitable contributions from $10 to $1400 per
14Although this is not a comprehensive list, see, e.g., In re Hall, 442 B.R. 754, 761 (Bankr. D. Idaho 2010)
(holding because § 1329 does not include any reference to § 1325(b), even though § 1329 includes specific reference
to several other Code sections, the requirements of § 1325(b) should not be applicable to § 1329 modifications, and
further noting that "§ 1329 was not amended to include the provisions of § 1325(b) when the 'disposable income' test
was significantly amended by Congress in 1984. See Bankruptcy Amendments and Federal Judgeship Act of 1984,
Pub.L. No. 98–353, 98 Stat. 333. When the Bankruptcy Code was significantly amended in 2005, and though there was
a considerable existing division in the case law on this issue, § 1329, while amended in other ways, was not changed by
Congress to include any reference to § 1325(b));" In re Davis, 439 B.R. 863 (Bankr. N.D. Ill. 2010); In re Walker, 2010
WL 4259274, 9 -10 (Bankr. C. D. Ill. 2010); In re White, 411 B.R. 268, 272–73 (Bankr. W.D.N.C. 2008); In re
McCully, 398 B.R. 590, 593 (Bankr. N.D. Ohio 2008); In re Hill, 386 B.R. 670 (Bankr. S.D. Ohio, 2008); In re Wetzel,
381 B.R. 247, 251–52 (Bankr. E.D. Wis. 2008) (holding that "[b]ecause the current definition of projected disposable
income results in a calculation that is, in large part, fixed by pre-petition circumstances, reviewing that calculation at the
time of a post-confirmation modification may not be particularly meaningful. Because of its statutory definition, 'current
monthly income' once correctly calculated should not change over time. Thus, attempting to apply § 1325(b) to a § 1329
modification is not favored by post-BAPCPA cases"); In re Ewers, 366 B.R. 139, 141 and 142 (Bankr. D. Nev.2007)
(noting that if the trustee's position were correct, then § 1329(a)(2) would be rendered meaningless for above median
income debtors, as they would be prohibited from doing either of the options noted—reducing or extending their plan
length); In re Ireland, 366 B.R. 27, 34 (Bankr. W.D. Ark. 2007); In re McCollum, 363 B.R. 789, 798 (E.D. La. 2007);
In re Howell, 2007 WL 4124476 (Bankr. W.D. La. 2007); In re Sunahara, 326 B.R. 768 (9th Cir. BAP 2005); and In
re Golek, 308 B.R. 332, 336–37 (Bankr. N.D.Ill. 2004).
Case 10-40216 Doc# 62 Filed 06/29/11 Page 6 of 13
confirmation, however, she lost her job and separated from her husband, leaving unemployment
benefits and child support as her sole sources of income. She moved to modify her plan to both
reduce the amount of the monthly payments required to fund her Chapter 13 plan and the duration
of the plan. The trustee objected, arguing that § 1325(b) was applicable to any plan modification,
that § 1325(b) sets the applicable commitment period at 60 months, and thus that the court should
deny the motion.
The court found that § 1325(b) was not applicable to a § 1329 plan modification. First, it
noted that § 1329(b)(1) expressly lists four discrete subsections of Chapter 13 that apply to a
modification under § 1329, § 1322(a), § 1322(b), § 1323(c), and "the requirements of section
1325(a)."16 "By specifying only these four provisions, § 1329(b) implicitly excludes other
provisions, under the maxim expressio unius est exclusio alterius."17 In other words, by specifically
including certain statutory provisions in the requirements under § 1329, the court must assume that
any provision not included in the list was intentionally omitted. The majority of decisions to address
this issue have followed this line of reasoning, holding that the failure to list § 1325(b) in the
requirements for amendments under § 1329 makes § 1325(b) simply inapplicable in the plan
modification context.
There are, however, a few courts that have reached the opposite conclusion, finding that §
1325(b) is applicable to modifications.18 These cases essentially base their holdings on three
16Id. at 866.
18See, e.g., See, e.g. In re Heideker, __ B.R. __, 2011 WL 2432913 (Bankr. M.D. Fla. 2011); In re Buck, 443
BR 463 (Bankr. N.D. Ga. 2010), In re King, 439 BR 129 (Bankr. S.D. Ill. 2010) and In re Baxter, 374 B.R. 292, 296
(Bankr. M.D. Ala. 2007).
Case 10-40216 Doc# 62 Filed 06/29/11 Page 7 of 13
arguments: (1) that § 1325(a) itself incorporates § 1325(b), thus making the latter provision
applicable to modifications; (2) that § 1325(a)(1) requires that a plan "compl[y] with the provisions
of this chapter;" and (3) that the reference to the applicable commitment period in § 1329(c)
indicates Congressional intent to incorporate the provisions requiring compliance with the applicable
commitment period into a plan modification. For the following reasons, the Court finds these
arguments unpersuasive.
With regard to the first argument—that § 1325(a) itself incorporates § 1325(b), making the
latter subsection applicable to modifications under § 1329—the Court finds that a careful reading
of § 1329(b)(1) leads to a different conclusion. Although § 1329(b)(1) specifically states that
"[s]ections 1322(a), 1322(b), and 1323(c) . . . apply to any modification," different language is used
with regard to § 1325(a). Section 1329(b)(1) does not simply incorporate § 1325(a) and make that
section applicable to a modification. Instead, § 1329(b)(1) specifically incorporates "the
requirements" of § 1325(a). This distinction is important.
Unlike the provisions found in § 1325(a), the provisions of § 1325(b) are not "requirements"
for confirmation of a plan. Instead, those provisions provide exceptions to plan confirmation if a
party objects, but a debtor is not otherwise required to comply with any part of § 1325(b). As noted
in Davis, "[t]he provisions of § 1325(b), then, are not part of the 'requirements' of § 1325(a) made
applicable to plan modification under § 1329(b)(1)."19
With regard to the second argument—that § 1325(a)(1) makes § 1325(b) applicable because
a plan must generally comply with all provisions of Chapter 13—the Court finds this reading of the
Code to be inconsistent with established rules of statutory construction. It is an elementary canon
19Davis, 439 B.R. at 867.
Case 10-40216 Doc# 62 Filed 06/29/11 Page 8 of 13
of statutory construction that "a statute should be interpreted so as not to render one part
inoperative." 20 If the Court were to find that the general requirement in § 1325(a)(1) that the plan
must comply with the provisions of Chapter 13 makes § 1325(b) applicable to a plan modification
under § 1329, that reading would render the specific citations to §§ 1322(a), 1322(b), and 1323(c)
superfluous. There would be no reason for Congress to specifically reference those three specific
subsections in Chapter 13, as requirements for confirmation, if all of Chapter 13 is incorporated into
§ 1329 by § 1325(a)(1).21 The Court must assume that Congress had a purpose in specifically
referencing §§ 1322(a), 1322(b), and 1323(c), and, therefore, will not read § 1325(a)(1) to
incorporate every provision of Chapter 13, including § 1325(b), into the requirements for plan
modifications under § 1329.
Finally, the Court finds that the last argument in support of the position that § 1325(b) applies
to plan amendments under § 1329—that the reference to the applicable commitment period in §
1329(c) indicates Congressional intent to incorporate the provisions requiring compliance with the
applicable commitment period into a plan modification—is also unpersuasive. In fact, the Court
finds that the fact § 1329(c) specifically references the applicable commitment period weighs heavily
against attempts to read the provisions of § 1325(b) into § 1329(b). In the process of rewriting the
Bankruptcy Code with the enactment of BAPCPA, Congress clearly recognized that § 1329 should
be amended to incorporate the concept of the applicable commitment period. However, Congress
chose only to address the applicable commitment period in § 1329(c). The fact that Congress
20Dept. of Revenue of Oregon v. ACF Indus., Inc., 510 U.S. 332, 333 (1994).
21See In re Hall, 2008 WL 2388628 at 2 (noting while it is true "that § 1325(a) references § 1325(b) (providing
that courts shall confirm plans that meet the requirements of subsection (a), '[e]xcept as provided in subsection (b)') ...
such indirect incorporation of § 1325(b) into § 1329 through § 1325(a) has been a bridge too far for other bankruptcy
courts to accept in this and other contexts").
Case 10-40216 Doc# 62 Filed 06/29/11 Page 9 of 13
specifically amended one subsection of § 1329 to incorporate the applicable commitment period, but
elected not to make similar changes to another subsection of § 1329, strongly implies that the
absence of any mention to § 1325(b) or the applicable commitment period in § 1329(b) is not
accidental or caused by Congressional oversight.
Based upon the above analysis, the Court finds that the provisions of § 1325(b) are not
applicable to a plan modification proposed under § 1329. That does not end the inquiry, however.
Although § 1325(b) is not applicable, the requirements of § 1325(a) do apply—including the
requirement that the modification be proposed in good faith. "The good faith requirement of §
1325(a)(3) fills the gap that would otherwise exist, allowing all parties to object to inappropriate
payment terms—whether excessive or inadequate—in a proposed modification."22
In analyzing whether a plan is proposed in good faith, the Tenth Circuit has held that courts
should consider a non-exclusive list of factors, known as the "Flygare factors" that were set forth
in Flygare v. Boulden.23 As the party seeking a discharge under Chapter 13 of the Bankruptcy Code,
the Debtor bears the burden of proving that her plan (or modified plan) is proposed in good faith.24
22 In re Davis, 439 B.R. at 869. See also In re Kearney, 439 B.R. 694 (Bankr. E.D. Wis. 2010) (holding that
while disposable income test does not apply at modification after confirmation, the reasonableness and necessity of
expenses are on the table via good-faith analysis; modification fails good-faith analysis when debtor inflated expenses
to reduce plan payments notwithstanding an increase in income).
23709 F.2d 1344 (10th Cir. 1983). These factors include "(1) the amount of the proposed payments and the
amount of the debtor's surplus; (2) the debtor's employment history, ability to earn and likelihood of future increases in
income; (3) the probable or expected duration of the plan; (4) the accuracy of the plan's statements of the debts, expenses
and percentage repayment of unsecured debt and whether any inaccuracies are an attempt to mislead the court; (5) the
extent of preferential treatment between classes of creditors; (6) the extent to which secured claims are modified; (7) the
type of debt sought to be discharged and whether any such debt is nondischargeable in Chapter 7; (8) the existence of
special circumstances such as inordinate medical expenses; (9) the frequency with which the debtor has sought relief
under the Bankruptcy Reform Act; (10) the motivation and sincerity of the debtor in seeking Chapter 13 relief; and (11)
the burden which the plan's administration would place upon the trustee."
24In re Alexander, 363 B.R. 917, 921-22 (10th Cir. BAP 2007).
Case 10-40216 Doc# 62 Filed 06/29/11 Page 10 of 13
The Court finds the Debtor has failed to show a good faith basis for reducing the length of
her Chapter 13 plan.25 Debtor initially proposed to pay her unsecured creditors for a term of 60
months. Although she has shown a change in circumstances that necessitates a reduction in the
amount of her plan payments following her retirement, the Stipulation of Facts that constitutes the
full evidentiary record before this Court provides no basis for shortening the plan from 60 to 36
"The heart of [BAPCPA's] consumer bankruptcy reforms . . . is intended to ensure that
debtors repay creditors the maximum they can afford."26 By requiring a 60 month plan length for
above median income debtors, the Code ensures that debtors are subject to the supervision of the
Court for a longer period of time than is required of below median income debtors. During that time,
the Chapter 13 Trustee or any party in interest can request and obtain copies of the debtor's
27 28
post-petition tax returns and annual income and expense reports. If a debtor's income increases
or expenses decrease, thereby making more money available for Chapter 13 plan payments, a
Chapter 13 Trustee or a creditor may request plan modification under § 1329. "Together, those
sections best ensure that debtors repay the maximum they can afford over the course of their Chapter
25The Court recognizes that the Trustee did not raise a good faith objection in this case. However, unlike §
1325(b), the requirements found in § 1325(a) must be met regardless of whether a specific objection is raised. See In
re Price, 366 B.R. 389, 396 (Bankr. M.D. Pa. 2007); Beard v. U.S. Trustee, 188 B.R. 220 (W.D. La.1995); In re Smith,
100 B.R. 436 (S.D. Ind. 1989); and In re Fricker, 116 B.R. 431 (Bankr. E.D. Pa.1990).
26H.R. Rep. 109–31(I), p. 2, 2005 U.S.C.C.A.N. 88, 89.
2711 U.S.C. § 521(f)(1).
2811 U.S.C. § 521(f)(4).
Case 10-40216 Doc# 62 Filed 06/29/11 Page 11 of 13
13 bankruptcy case."29 However, if the debtor is able to avoid the required plan length by amending
her plan due to a voluntary (or involuntary) reduction in her income, and paying off the plan quickly
during the remaining reduced period, she in essence deprives the creditors and the trustee of the
opportunity to seek additional payments in the event her income were to increase (or expenses
decrease) in the future.30
In addition, the length of a Chapter 13 plan is generally considered to be res judicata upon
plan confirmation, subject to change only upon a showing of a significant change in circumstances
of the debtor.31 In this case, Debtor's only change of circumstances is her retirement, which
admittedly resulted in a loss of income. There is no evidence that this was a forced or required
retirement, or that it would constitute some hardship to pay the reduced amount for the remainder
of the 60-month commitment period. There is no evidence, or even argument, that Debtor will be
unable to continue making the now reduced payments the full length of the original plan. For those
reasons, the Court finds that the change of circumstances in this case is not sufficient to warrant a
29 In re King 2010 WL 4363173, 3 (Bankr. D. Colo. 2010). This Court also previously noted in In re Kidd, 374
B.R. 277, 280 n.6 (Bankr. D. Kan. 2007) and In re Lanning, 2007 WL 1451999 at 8 (Bankr. D. Kan. 2007) the statement
made by one of the proponents of the legislation, Senator Sessions, that "[i]f a debtor files under Chapter 13 and learns
how to manage money under a structured repayment plan that requires some discipline, the debtor learns financial
responsibility and should be able to avoid future financial turmoil. Chapter 13 bankruptcies allow debtors to keep their
assets and pay back a portion of their debts over a 5 year period. In exchange, the remaining portions of their debt are
discharged and the debtor gets a fresh start." 151 Cong. Rec. S2462–02 at S2472-S2473, 2005 WL 562943 (March 10,
2005) (statement of Senator Sessions). As I've noted before, the applicable commitment period might well have
represented Congressional hope that requiring payments over a lengthy period of time might assist debtors in acquiring
the financial discipline they would need to maintain their fresh start, post-discharge.
30See, e.g., In re Clevenger, 430 B.R. 539, 541 (Bankr. W.D. Mo. 2009) where the debtors sought modification
of the plan, the result of which would have resulted in debtors being entitled to an immediate discharge because they
would have essentially completed the plan at that point. This result would deprive parties in interest of the opportunity
to see if a debtor's income increased for any reason over the following two years.
31 Id. at 541 (holding that "[t]o avoid the preclusive effect of the principle of res judicata, the modification
should be necessitated by an unanticipated substantial change in circumstances affecting the debtors' ability to pay").
Case 10-40216 Doc# 62 Filed 06/29/11 Page 12 of 13
reduction in the length of the plan, the original order requiring a term of 60 months is res judicata
on that issue, and thus the attempt to modify the plan duration is not proposed in good faith.32
The Court holds that the provisions of § 1325(b), including provisions concerning the
disposable income test and the applicable commitment period, are not applicable to plan
modifications under § 1329. However, a proposed modification must still satisfy the requirements
of § 1325(a), including the requirement that the modification be proposed in good faith. The
proposed modification must also be necessitated by an unanticipated and substantial change in
circumstances that justifies not only the debtor's request to reduce the amount to be paid each month,
but that also justifies paying that reduced amount over a lesser period of time, lest principles of res
judicata be violated. The Court holds that Debtor has not produced evidence to justify the preclusive
effect of the principle of res judicata regarding plan length, and thus the Order of Confirmation33 that
required the plan endure for 60 months remains controlling.
IT IS, THEREFORE, BY THE COURT ORDERED that Debtor's Motion to Modify Plan
After Confirmation is denied to the extent it seeks to shorten the plan length to less than 60 months.
32Id. at 543 (holding debtors offered no reason why they cannot, or should not, remain in the case for 60 months,
and finding "that the Debtors have unfairly manipulated the Bankruptcy Code by attempting to use a decrease in net
monthly income to propose a plan with no payment to unsecured creditors, since they could make payments to such
creditors if the plan continued for the applicable commitment period. They have offered no reason for not being required
to make payments for that sixty-month period. In other words, it is contrary to the spirit of Chapter 13 to permit these
Debtors to seize upon a totally unrelated change in circumstances to avoid § 1325(b)'s applicable commitment period,
particularly given 'the clear congressional intent of BAPCPA, which was enacted to ensure that debtors repay creditors
the maximum they can afford.'" (Footnotes omitted).
33Doc. 20 (confirmation order at ¶ 7: "LENGTH OF PLAN. Nothing in the Plan shall be construed to permit
a below median income debtor to receive a discharge before three years, or an above median debtor before five years)."
Case 10-40216 Doc# 62 Filed 06/29/11 Page 13 of 13


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|Lene Krog
ECU Has Been Represented The Last 11 Years In The NCAA Tournament
Pirates Finish Second With Three-Day Score Of 904
Strandberg, Hardison and Wolte Named For Second-Straight Year
ECU Has Been Represented The Last 10 Years In The NCAA Tournament
A four-year collegiate letterwinner, Lene Krog returns for her fourth season as East Carolina's volunteer assistant coach. A graduate of the University of Virginia, Krog helped the Cavaliers to a pair of NCAA Championship appearances, including an eighth place finish in 2009, while helping the Pirates in 2006 to its first ever Conference USA Championship crown.
The winner of the 2008 Norwegian Women's Amateur, Krog received a sponsor's invite to the Ladies European Tour event (SAS Masters) in Oslo where she made the cut. Krog also advanced through the 2008 U.S. Open Local Qualifiers to the tournaments sectional rounds.
While at UVA, Krog was first-team All-Atlantic Coast Conference selection as a junior and recorded eight top-15 finishes in her two-year stint. During her junior campaign she led the Cavaliers with a 74.77 stroke average and was the team's top finisher at the 2008 NCAA Championships with a 28th-place effort. Her senior season was slowed due to surgery on her knee, but she still managed to rank among the ACC leaders in scoring (15th) with a 75.41 scoring average.
Before heading to UVA, Krog spent her first two collegiate seasons at ECU leading the Pirates to the NCAA East Regional's after claiming medalist honors at the 2008 C-USA Championships. Krog, who finished ninth at the regional, became just the second player in school history to qualify for the NCAA Championships, following Adrienne Millican in 2004.
Despite playing only two seasons, Krog left her mark on the Pirate program leaving as the school's career stroke average leader (75.07) and single-season stroke leader (74.52 in 2005-06), while sharing the record for low-round of 67, which was recorded in the spring of 2007 at the NCAA East Regional. The C-USA Freshman-of-the-Year selection and two-time All C-USA performer also has a pair of tournament titles under her belt and recorded 15 top-10 placements in 20 Pirate events.
For her collegiate career she posted a 75.07 stroke average in 40 events where she recorded 19 career top-10 placements and made three NCAA Championship appearances. Off the course Krog was a two-time National Golf Coaches Association (NGCA) All-American Scholar, C-USA Commissioner's Academic Medal Winner and C-USA Commissioner's Honor Roll recipient.


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MOSCOW - Idaho women's soccer coach Pete Showler announced his 2010 signing class on Wednesday and emphasized that while the class is small in size, it is heavy with talent and success.
Idaho welcomes six new Vandals, five of which are national letter of intent signees, and one more who is an invited walk-on who signed an acceptance of admission form.
Among the NLI signees are Chelsie Breen (Cheney, Wash./Cheney HS), Mary Condon (Spokane, Wash./Gonzaga Prep), Kelsey Corney (Bend, Ore./Bend HS), Breanna Wilson (Bend, Ore./Summit HS) and Nitalia Zuniga (Ventura, Calif./Buena HS). Idaho's invitee is Christina Boddie (Port Orchard, Wash./South Kitsap HS).
The class is heavy with defenders, as Breen, Condon and Zuniga all play on the back line, while Wilson and Boddie are midifielders and Corney is a forward. Idaho lost just four seniors from the 2009 team that went 9-10 and put together the team's best record since 2001.
"I am delighted to welcome six quality young student-athletes to our program," Showler said. "We are excited to have Nitalia, Bre, Kelsey, Christina, Mary and Chelsie, and their families, join our Vandal soccer family."
Showler said that, similar to the larger 12-player freshman class from last year, he expects all six players to have an immediate impact on the team and to play important roles for the 2010 season.
"The girls all come from top-drawer club programs with a tradition of success, from winning high school championships, club championships and garnering regional team recognition - winning is key," Showler said. "All of these players are capable of making an impact on our program and will help further cultivate the competitive environment we have developed here, as well as giving us added quality and depth to an already strong group of players."
2010 National Letter of Intent Signees
Chelsie Breen
5-9, Defender
Cheney, Wash. (Cheney HS)
Spokane Shadow (Coach: Matt Stueckle/Kevin Moon)
Showler says: "Chelsie is very athletic ... I see her athletic qualities helping both in a center back or outside back position to get up and down the line, connect with the mids and forwards, and get into the attack ... She's a smart player who plays simply and effectively and will be a big asset for our future"
High School/Club: Breen was a three-time first-team all-Greater Northern League selection for Cheney High School. As a senior, she led the Blackhawks to a Washington 2A state runner-up finish and earned honorable mention all-state accolades in the process. She led CHS to four state tournament appearances, including a third-place finish in 2006 and quarterfinals appearances in 2007 and 2008. She was also a three-year varsity track and field competitor. As a member of the Spokane Shadow club team, Breen helped the Shadow 91 Navy to a 2007 Super Y League Northwest title and National Finals appearance, as well as Rimland Cup titles in 2005, 2007 and 2008, Pleasanton Rage Showcase titles in 2007 and 2008, a 2008 Portland Showcase title and a 2007 U.S. Club Soccer Region G Premier title. She was a member of the team for seven years and a team captain for two of them. She was joined on the team by fellow 2010 signee, Mary Condon.
Personal: She is the daughter of Jonathan and Deborah Breen. She has one brother, Benjamin. She was a four-time first-team Academic All-State selection and carried an impressive 3.95 high school grade-point average. Her intended area of study at Idaho is Pre-Physical Therapy.
Mary Condon
5-8, Defender
Spokane, Wash. (Gonzaga Prep)
Spokane Shadow (Coach: Matt Stueckle/Kevin Moon)
Showler says: "Mary is a very smart player. She's a center back who reads situations very well, communicates and organizes and brings a maturity level on the pitch not often found in a freshman ... She has a lot of good qualities that you look for in a center back in terms of organizational skills, communication, and technical skills"
High School/Club: Condon was a three-year varsity starter for the Bullpups. She was a Washington 4A all-state honorable mention pick as a senior after leading Gonzaga Prep to a 6-4 record. As a junior, she earned first-team all-GSL honors after the team finished fourth in the league and earned a state tournament bid. She was a team captain for the Bullpups as a senior. She was also a high school teammate of current Vandal, Erica Hart. Condon helped lead the Spokane Shadow 91 Navy team to a 2007 Super Y League Northwest title and National Finals appearance, as well as Rimland Cup titles in 2005, 2007 and 2008, Pleasanton Rage Showcase titles in 2007 and 2008, a 2008 Portland Showcase title and a 2007 U.S. Club Soccer Region G Premier title. She was joined on the Shadow by fellow 2010 signee Chelsie Breen.
Personal: She is the daughter of Mark and Carole Condon. She has two sisters, Colleen and Katie. She was a member of the National Honor Society and graduated Summa Cum Laude from Gonzaga Prep. She is undecided on a major.
Kelsey Corney
5-6, Forward
Bend, Ore. (Bend HS)
Nike Oregon Rush (Coach: Kyle Steinbaugh)
Showler says: "Kelsey is a very 'go-to-goal' type of player ... She has good technical skills and she's very strong in the air ... She has played either as an attacking mid or a forward ... She works well with her back to goal and also has good technical skills to take players on in one-v-one situations and create goal-scoring opportunities"
High School/Club: Corney saw tremendous success during her four years at Bend High School. She helped lead the team to four Oregon 5A state championship games and three titles, four Intermountain Conference crowns, and a 63-3-5 overall record. In her final three seasons at Bend, she scored a combined 58 goals. As a senior, Corney helped lead Bend to a 16-0-2 overall record and third state title and netted 17 goals. She was a first-team all-Intermountain Conference selection and a second-team all-state honoree. After the state championship game went into penalty kicks after a scoreless regulation and overtime period, it was Corney who connected on the deciding kick to give the Lava Bears the title. Her junior year, she scored 21 times, earned first-team all-Intermountain Conference and helped lead the Lava Bears outscore opponents 59-2 on the season in achieving a pristine 18-0 record and state title. AS a sophomore, Corney scored 20 times to help lead the Lava Bears to a state title appearance. Corney was a member of the Nike Oregon Rush club team for 12 years. She helped lead the team to an Oregon Youth Soccer Association semifinals appearance in 2009 and a finals appearance in 2006. She was joined on the team by fellow Idaho signee, Breanna Wilson.
Personal: She is the daughter of Darren Corney and Lisa del Giudice. She has two sisters, Mikaela and Noelle. Her intended major at Idaho is Art.
Breanna Wilson
5-4, Midfielder
Bend, Ore. (Summit HS)
Nike Oregon Rush (Coach: Kyle Steinbaugh)
Showler says: "Bre is a very good athlete. She is strong, left or right side, and will bring a good attacking dynamic to the outside mid position ... She works hard on both sides of the ball - offense and defense - and I see a huge upside from her learning from the players we have now, and then pushing them athletically. She's going to be a big asset"
High School/Club: Wilson was a second-team all-state and first-team all-Intermountain Conference honoree as a senior after leading Summit to 12-0-4 regular-season record and Oregon 5A state quarterfinal appearance. As a junior, she garnered second-team all-IMC accolades after leading the Storm to a 14-3-2 overall record, 5-2 IMC record and state semifinal appearance. She was also a strong track and field athlete, and was elected team captain for both soccer and track. In 2008, she helped the Summit girls 4x100m relay team to a state runner-up finish at the Oregon 5A championships. She was a member of the Nike Oregon Rush club team for two years and helped the team to a 2009 OYSA state semifinal appearance.
Personal: She is the daughter of Steve Wilson and Brenda Audia. She has one brother, Michael, and one sister, Rachelle. Her intended major at Idaho is Psychology.
Nitalia Zuniga
5-6, Defender
Ventura, Calif. (Buena HS)
Real So Cal (Coach: Kristy Walker)
Showler says: "Nitalia is a very tough-tackling, feisty, strong defender ... She's versatile - she can play either center or outside back. She has good technical skills and is very tactically aware ... She's been on a club team that has had a lot of success and both she and (current Vandal) Amber Pimley were invited to and played in the U20 Mexican national team camp .... She's played in regional and national tournaments and every high-level tournament around ... I'm very excited to get someone of her quality"
High School/Club: Zuniga has seen a large amount of success both at the high school and club level. She has helped lead Buena to three straight Channel League titles, back-to-back CIF tournament appearances, including a quarterfinal finish in 2008 and a semifinal finish in 2007. Her senior season, 2009-10, has already started strong, as the team is currently 7-0. As a junior in 2008-09, she was honored as a third-team all-California Interscholastic Federation and first-team all-Channel League pick, as well as the Channel League Defensive MVP. Her teammates also voted her team captain. Her sophomore season in 2007-08, she helped lead the team to a Buena Holiday Tournament title and Channel League title. As a freshman in the 2006-07 season, she helped lead the Bulldogs to a school-record 20-game shutout streak, state semifinal and Excalibur Tournament title. She earned all-Channel League honorable mention honors and was named Rookie of the Year for the team. She was a member of the Real So Cal club team for 10 years, eight of which were with current Vandal soccer player, Amber Pimley. She helped lead Real So Cal to 23 tournament titles and 38 tournament finals appearances. The team won the 2006 Gothia Cup world championship, as well as the Manchester United Premier Cup title and Cal South National Cup title. She was selected to the U20 Mexican national team pool in 2009. She helped lead the team to six Surf Cup titles between 2002 and 2006.
Personal: She is the daughter of Jesus and Gina Zuniga. She has one sister, Nikita, and one brother, Zayden. Her intended major at Idaho is International Business.
Invited Walk-On:
Christina Boddie
5-5, Midfielder
Port Orchard, Wash. (South Kitsap HS)
Washington Premier FC (Coach: Brian VanBloomenstein)
Showler says: "Christina is very athletic, she's a strong runner ... She plays an outside or central mid position ... She's played at one of the more successful Washington clubs that competed at the highest level at the top tournaments. She's played with and against some of the top players ... She has very good athletic qualities, reads the game well, and has the potential to excel at this level"
High School/Club: As a four-year varsity player for the Wolves, Boddie was a 2009 second-team all-state honoree, a 2009 all-area honoree, a two-time all-Kitsap selection and four-time all-Narrows League honoree. She led the team to a Washington 4A state quarterfinal appearance and Narrows League title in 2009 and was named co-MVP of the league. The team went 14-1-3, 7-0-3 in the Narrows League, and outscored opponents, 39-5 in 2009. As a junior in 2008, she led the team to a 12-5-1 overall record and 7-2-1 Narrows League record and fourth-place finish and earned first-team all-NL honors after outscoring opponents 40-12. She was a second-team all-NL honoree in 2007 after leading South Kitsap to an 11-4-1 overall record, 7-3 league record and fourth-place league finish. The team outscored opponents 30-8 that year. She was a second-team all-NL pick as a freshman when the team went 8-5-3 overall and 6-2-2 in Narrows League play, and outscored opponents 32-8 in a third-place league finish. She played with the Washington Premier FC club team for two seasons.
Personal: She is the daughter of Tony and Susanne Boddie. She has two sisters, Chantal and Kylen, and one brother, Dominic. Her father played football at Montana State and professionally with the Denver Broncos of the NFL and the Los Angeles Express of the USFL. Her intended major is Chemistry with a Pre-Medical emphasis.


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Tic Tacs are a candy that I always enjoyed and was fascinated with when I was a kid. I loved how all my friend's Moms seemed to carry them in their purses. Pulling them out while at soccer games and hearing that familiar shaking should as a Tic Tac tumbled into your hand. It was a point in time where I didn't bother to learn the flavors, as I think I was too young to read these at some points. So I knew them as the "white ones" or the "green ones". The "orange ones" were my favorite.
Now fast forward to the present where I do buy the occasional box of Tic Tacs, but usually it's a new flavor that draws me in. As far as my childhood fascination goes, I surprisingly don't buy them much. Now here is the newest flavor I found on store shelves, Tic Tac Strawberry Fields.
The Tic Tacs come in two colors, one a light pink and the other a more traditional pink-pink. Oddly enough when I checked the website, they make note of this being a "strawberry and cream" flavor even though I don't see that anywhere on the package.
The candies smell just sweet, mostly of marshmallows. The packaging design is pretty with strawberry vines with ripe berries on them frame the tic tac logo. the green vines accented with the red strawberries is very pretty.
The flavor starts out tasting like the aroma; of vanilla marshmallow. Then a sweet, berry flavor develops. As it grows it tastes more and more like strawberry. As it hits its apex I'm strongly reminded of strawberry jam. It's sweet, fruity, with a light floral note to it. It's a lot of flavor for just one little Tic Tac. I'm impressed. The only thing is I don't taste any "cream" in there that the website suggests. Just to be sure, I tried both color several times to see if the flavor was any different between the two. The only thing I notcied was the pink's flavor appeared more quickly than the light pink one.
I liked these a lot. I know I don't have Tic Tacs often, but I'd imagine a new flavor added to the mix is very refreshing. So adding some strawberry into your Tic Tac cycle, you won't be disappointed. I liked having this bow in my purse for moments when I needed a quick flavor pick me up.
Rating: Will Eat Again
Links Tic Tac Website


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Discover Oshkosh, Wisconsin's charm while staying at the ideal location for business and leisure travelers. Conveniently located off US-41, the Holiday Inn Express® Hotel & Suites Oshkosh - SR-41 hotel also offers a free shuttle to Outagamie Airport (ATW) on availability.
Corporate travelers won't find a better smoke-free hotel in Oshkosh. If you're hoping to host an event or seminar, our meeting rooms can accommodate up to 32
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Corporate travelers won't find a better smoke-free hotel in Oshkosh. If you're hoping to host an event or seminar, our meeting rooms can accommodate up to 32 people. Relax by the fireplace while using free Wi-Fi access to work. Oshkosh B'Gosh, Oshkosh Truck Corp, Aurora Hospital and the University of Wisconsin - Oshkosh are all near the hotel's property.
Oshkosh has plenty of fun and adventure to offer everyone, as well. Explore the past, present and future of aviation at the EAA AirVenture Museum. If you enjoy the outdoors, hike one of the area's many trails, including the Wiouwash. You can even find great deals any time of year at the Oshkosh Outlet Mall.
Our updated look and amenities reflect a fresh attitude towards service. Every Monday through Saturday evening, join us for free cocktails. After a long meeting, you can unwind in the indoor pool and whirlpool, or just let the outdoor patio help you relax. You'll love the free, hot Express Start Breakfast Bar each morning. We even feature a Fitness Center to make keeping up your workout easy. Come see what makes this the best pet-friendly hotel in Oshkosh, by gosh!


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When I right click on the nm-applet and choose to disable wireless, it turns wireless off. Fair enough, but when I reboot, wireless is magically back on again.
That's just an example, but more generally, in a system with multiple cards, can network manager be made to remember their status? (Like the way Windows will allow you enable/disable a NIC).
I believe that you can disable a NIC permanently by editing files, but I'm hoping for a more ad-hoc situation - if it would just remember my choice, that would be grand.


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Boulder police: Drunken bicyclist tried to strangle officer during arrest
Submitted by David on
From the Daily Camera
Police arrested a Boulder man after an officer said he tried to strangle her in a fight after she stopped him for riding his bicycle drunk Sunday night, according to a police report.
Witnesses told police a man later identified as Matthew James Tello, 24, was on his bicycle with a friend riding on the handlebars in the 3200 block of 28th Street, according to the report. Witnesses said Tello was belligerent and his friend riding on the handlebars of his bicycle kicked a car before riding off, according to the report.
While officers were talking to the witnesses, Officer Beth McNalley, who said she found Tello at a dirt lot in the 2600 block of 28th Street, pressed the emergency button on her radio. According to the report, dispatchers could hear a male taunting the officer, saying, "You're a real big (expletive) cop."
Another officer arrived on scene and observed the female officer and Tello fighting, and was able to tackle Tello and handcuff him even as he continued to resist arrest, according to the report. The officer noted McNalley started coughing and had an unusually raspy voice.
News Item:
5 Comments
Probably only choked her
Submitted by Anon. (not verified) on
Probably only choked her 'cause she wouldn't stop honking at him.
Points: 0
i remember when i had my
Submitted by crispi (not verified) on
i remember when i had my first beer too
Points: -2
Not every "bicycle" incident
Submitted by Mr. T (not verified) on
Not every "bicycle" incident needs to be double reported on CC 303. This is not CYCLING so why waste the band.
Points: -5
Pure comedy
Submitted by Anonymous (not verified) on
Keep them coming. I love reading about idiot cyclists.
Points: 7
not everyone on a bicycle is
Submitted by Anonymous (not verified) on
not everyone on a bicycle is a cyclist... and I'd bet a dollar to a doughnut that guy who tried to choke a cop isn't a cyclist. Merely a drunk on a bicycle.
Points: 7


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Ms. Susie Reed of Stuttgart along with Glenn "Bubba" and Kim Endsley of Holly Grove announce the engagement and forthcoming marriage of their daughter, Stacy Carol Endsley, to Jason Bryan Dixon, son of Bryan Dixon of Biscoe and Curtis and Debby Ahrens of Stuttgart.
The bride-elect is the granddaughter of Carolyn and the late Herbert Endsley of Holly Grove, Pam and the late Eddie Bevell of Stuttgart and Kathy and the late Michael Calloway of Greenwood. Stacy is a 2006 graduate of Stuttgart High School and is currently employed at Arkansas County Bank in Stuttgart.
The prospective groom is the grandson of Inis and the late Vernon Dixon of Biscoe, Anna Belle and Donald Flanery and David and Rose Ahrens and the late J.W. Kuhn, all of Stuttgart. Jason is a 2001 graduate of Stuttgart High School and is currently employed by Riceland Foods Construction in Stuttgart.
The couple will wed Feb. 9 at 4 p.m. at Calvary Missionary Baptist Church in Stuttgart. All friends and family are invited to attend. No invitations will be sent. A reception will follow the ceremony at the American Legion Hall in Stuttgart.
Location, ST | website.com


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The Arizona Unified Transportation Registration and Certification System (AZ UTRACS) is a centralized database of companies that have indicated that they are ready, willing and able to perform work on federally funded ADOT and local government transportation projects in the state of Arizona. This database/Web portal combines the Arizona Unified Certification Program database/website and the former Civil Rights Vendor Registration website into one comprehensive Web portal.
Companies can also register online as an AZ UTRACS vendor, certify as a Disadvantaged Business Enterprise (DBE) and register as a Small Business Concern (SBC) through AZ UTRACS.
The AZ UTRACS database / Web portal also contains a searchable list of certified Disadvantaged Business Enterprises (DBE) and registered Small Business Concerns (SBC) throughout the state of Arizona. Furthermore, companies that are Prime Consultants and Contractors on federally funded ADOT contracts can also use the system to report contractually required DBE utilization and labor/certified payroll information online. Follow the link to AZ UTRACS.
Copyright © Arizona Department of Transportation – All rights reserved.


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Mayor Williams Highlights Local, State and Federal Government Collaboration
Posted on 11/12/2013 1:27 pm
"In times when government appears to be divisive, bipartisanship perceived as a sign of weakness and compromise condemned as a dirty word; Delaware political leaders come together and work to ensure our communities remain a great place to live, work and play.
Quarterly, I convene a meeting with the entire State delegation including Governor Jack Markell, Congressman John Carney, Senator Chris Coons and Senator Tom Carper, where we discuss important issues such as: fighting crime and improving public safety, building economic development, providing jobs to our residents and bringing more resources to our communities.
This is what makes Delaware unique.
Collectively, we are able to come to the table, roll up our sleeves and work together to tackle challenging issues.
As mayor, I recognize this is rare. In other cities, mayors are not able to reach out to their State and Federal representatives and work collaboratively, as a team. In Delaware, we are able to come together at every level of government. This collaboration and team work is what will allow the City of Wilmington and all of Delaware to thrive."


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Contemporary and sophisticated. Timeless design combined with state of the art technology.
Natural beauty and aesthetic design are fundamental values at all times and places. Mistrals appeal is founded on its beautiful, fluent lines and practical design. In combination with the most advanced manufacturing techniques, this Mistral range has become an extraordinary series of cooking tools that withstands the test of time effortlessly. A wide range of its specialised products, such as conic sauté pans, sauce pans, steam cookers, simmering pans and accessories allow even the most experienced cook to enjoy these ideal cooking tools. For each item, the practical format and the applied technology, cater for the typical preparations these products have been designed for.


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Bakery Display Cases
Protect Baked Goods While Promoting Sales with these Bakery Display Cases
Show off your tasty baked treats in a bakery display case, and entice customers to make last minute purchases. Our cases come in various styles including self-service, full service, and dual service, which allows you to choose how much access customers have to your pastries. We also offer the option to choose between several different numbers of tiers, so you can find the case that fits all of your confections in one display. Read more
Our bakery display cases come in a variety of materials, from acrylic to wood, perfect for matching any decor. Our selection includes cases with curved doors for a stylish presentation, rectangular doors for saving space, and front-facing door flaps so that customers can serve themselves. We even have stackable options for displaying different flavors of bagels, muffins, and other treats!


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Mick Boogie brings us a fresh blend of Big Boi and Rick Ross in Southernplayalisticmaybachmusic, a new mixtape released yesterday. We were teased with an early release of "Shutterbug (Remix)," but now you can download the whole tape. The rappers' two distinctive styles (each has at least a verse on every song) and a number of smooth R&B style hooks create a dynamic mix of tracks. See the back cover with a full track list after the jump.
Download Southernplayalisticmaybachmusic
Big Boi's new album, Sir Lucious Left Foot: The Son of Chico Dusty, is coming out July 6th, while Rick Ross's Teflon Don will be released July 20th, so keep an eye out for those next month.


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text: Hi. This year the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame continues its recognition of the blues as the essential building block of rock music. The blues are among the most immediate and direct musical expressions ever created, as well as a means of communication for a whole culture that most of white society was unable to recognize or cope with then, or even now, rose up from the everyday life and experience of people who were not only oppressed, but often rendered invisible by the evils of racism and its attendant violence, segregation, and economic injustice. The artistic legacy of every bluesman and every blueswoman involves some level of triumph over this adversity. Perhaps it was out of this experience that som many blues artists found the musical means and emotional courage to confront the most timeless and difficult themes: life, love, and death. Chester Burnett, alias Howlin' Wolf ("I could do no yodeling, so I turned to howlin'," he once told an interviewer) was a big man: two hundred seventy pounds in his prime, and a big part of the electric blues story. He contributed a body of work that is among the darkest, most paranoid, and most intense - often sexually intense - of any blues artist. At his purest, he sounded positively unearthly, as if he were able to tap into sounds and feelings that were both pre-conscious and universal, and at his greatest, it is hard to think of many singers that could sound as compelling. Born in West Point, Mississippi in 1910, he grew up on nearby Young and Marrow Plantation. I'm told it's a lovely spot, and did [...video cuts out...] Time in West Memphis, Arkansas, where he encountered another of tonight's Hall of Fame inductees, Ike Turner, with whom he cut his first sides. Soon after that, he went to Chess Records, and then the classics started pouring out of him. Wolf sang starkly, directly, dynamically, and with great artistry. While he had a big voice on such blues masterpieces as "Moanin' at Midnight," "Smokestack Lightning," "Evil," and "Wang Dang Doodle," he used it with great range and control. Remarkably, he managed to sound guttural and coarse, clear and distinct all at the same time, and as a vocalist, he understood space and phrasing as well as any blues artist. Rhythmically, with the help of such longtime accompanists as the greatly underrated guitarist Hubert Sumlin and drummers Fred Bealow [?] and Earl Phillips, Wolf made such classics as "44" and "Back Door Man" simply come alive with energy and invention. And finally, as a performer, Wolf pioneered the extreme stage tactics and extroverted style that have been the hallmark of the rock and roll spirit for the last thirty-five years. Perhaps it was only onstage that he allowed the darkness of his obsessions to be fully matched by his raw humor and exuberance. He could appear as a pure force of nature and as a musical hypnotist at one and the same time. He was truly something else and something other. Not long before he died in 1976, he told that wonderful writer Peter Gorelnick, "Sometimes it seems like it gets so hard, I just can't go on." Peter goes on to write that a little while later, Wolf's face brightened, and he added, "You see, I done got too old to get a job - now I really gotta stay with the music." We can all only be grateful that he did. Let's take a look at this tape.


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Your four-year-old is about to enter a whole new world of incredible toys. Tiny pretend-and-play sets, amazing construction sets, and all kinds of activities and craft kits will keep your little one entertained for hours. These toys are so much fun, you won't be able to resist joining in!
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We are excited to announce that our annual sale of top-quality toys and books at great discount prices will be happening at the International Centre in Mississauga, Wednesday July 13 to Sunday July 17, 2016!
We're hiring! For over 30 years Mastermind Toys has been focused on offering the very best in quality toys and books for children in a shopping environment that is engaging, inspiring and fun. Send resumes to email@example.com
Mastermind Toys in the Terra Losa Shopping Centre is now open.
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Harley Davidson Codes
1- Turn Ignition switch to OFF & Run/Stop switch is to Run.
2- Push odometer reset button in & hold.
3- Turn ignition switch to Ignition and release odometer reset button. Background lighting sould illuminate, speedometer needle should sweep its full range and indicator lamps (battery, security, low fuel, check engine and cruise) should illuminate. The word "diag†should then appear.
4 - Push the odometer reset button once and you will see the selection menu "PSSPt" with the first P flashing.
5 - Each letter represents an area of the diagnostics module. The module that is flashing is the one you are going to check. To move from one letter (module) to the next, you push the odometer reset button one time. (from P to S to SP to t and back to P, etc.)
P = ECM/ICM (Electronic Control Module [EFI] / Ignition Control Module [Carbureted])
S = TSM/TSSM (Turn Signal/ Turn Signal Security Module)
SP = speedometer
T = tachometer
6 - To get the DTC within an area of diagnostics, push and hold the odometer reset button in for 5 seconds and release. If there are any DTC's the code will be displayed or the word "none†will appear if there are no DTC's. Push the odometer reset button again to view additional codes if they exist.
7 - Record the codes.
8 - If DTC's are not to be cleared, Press and release the odometer reset button. Part number of module will be displayed.
NOTE: To determine if a code is current or historic, clear the displayed code by pushing in and holding the odometer reset button ( longer than 5 seconds) until 'clear' comes up. Release the odometer reset button. Turn OFF the ignition switch. Run your bike and shut it down then recheck the DTC's again by repeating steps 1 to 9. If the code is current it will reappear.
9 – Press and release the odometer reset button to continue to the next module.
10 – Turn Ignition switch to OFF.
On models not equipped with a tachometer "No Rsp" will appear when the tachometer identifer is selected.
"No Rsp" will also appear if the run/off switch is in the off position when doing this proceedure.
"BUS Er" Serial data bus shorted/low/open/high
B0563 Battery Voltage High TSM/TSSM
B1004 Fuel Level Sending Unit Low Instruments
B1005 Fuel Level Sending Unit High/Open Instruments
B1006 Accessory Line Overvoltage Instruments
B1007 Ignition Line Overvoltage Instruments
B1008 Reset Switch Closed Instruments
B1122 Right turn output fault
B1131 Alarm Output Low TSM/TSSM
B1132 Alarm Output High TSM/TSSM
B1134 Starter Output High TSM/TSSM
B1135 Accelerometer Fault TSM/TSSM
B1141 Ignition switch open/low
B1151 Sidecar BAS Low TSM/TSSM
B1152 Sidecar BAS High TSM/TSSM
B1153 Sidecar BAS Out of Range TSM/TSSM
P0106 MAP Sensor Rate of Range Error Carb
P0107 Map Sensor Failed Open/Low Carb
P0107 Map Sensor Open/Low EFI
P0108 Map Sensor Failed High Carb
P0108 Map Sensor High EFI
P0112 IAT Sensor Voltage Low EFI
P0113 IAT Sensor Voltage Open/High EFI
P0117 ET Sensor Voltage Low EFI
P0118 ET Sensor Voltage Open/High EFI
P0122 TP Sensor Open/Low EFI
P0123 TP Sensor High EFI
P0131 Front 02 sensor low (lean)
P0132 Engine running rich
P0134 Front 02 sensor open/not responding
P0151 Rear 02 sensor low (lean)
P0152 Rear 02 sensor high (rich)
P0154 Rear 02 sensor open/not responding
P0261 Front Injector Open/Low EFI
P0262 Front Injector High EFI
P0263 Rear Injector Open/Low EFI
P0264 Rear Injector High EFI
P0373 CKP Sensor Intermittent Carb
P0373 CKP Sensor Intermittent EFI
P0374 CKP Sensor Not Detected Carb
P0374 CKP Sensor Synch Error EFI
P0501 VSS Low Carb
P0501 VSS Low EFI
P0502 VSS High/Open Carb
P0502 VSS High/Open EFI
P0505 Loss of Idle Sped Control EFI
P0562 Battery Voltage Low Carb
P0562 Battery Voltage Low EFI
P0563 Battery Voltage High Carb
P0563 Battery Voltage High EFI
P0602 Calibration Memory Error Carb
P0603 EEPROM Failure Carb
P0603 ECM EEPROM Error EFI
P0604 RAM Failure Carb
P0605 Program Memory Error Carb
P0605 ECM Flash Error EFI
P0607 Converter Error Carb
P0661 Intake solenoid low/open
P0662 Intake solenoid high/shorted
P1001 System Relay Coil Open/Low EFI
P1002 System relay Coil High/Shorted EFI
P1003 System relay Contacts Open EFI
P1004 System Relay Contacts Closed EFI
P1009 Incorrect Password Carb
P1009 Incorrect Password EFI
P1010 Missing Password Carb
P1010 Missing Password EFI
P1351 Front Ignition Open/Low Carb
P1351 Front Ignition Open/Low EFI
P1352 Front Ignition Coil High/Shorted Carb
P1352 Front Ignition Coil High/Shorted EFI
P1353 Front Cylinder No Combustion EFI
P1354 Rear Ignition Coil Open/Low Carb
P1354 Rear Ignition Coil Open/Low EFI
P1355 Rear Ignition Coil High/Shorted Carb
P1355 Rear Ignition Coil High/Shorted EFI
P1356 Rear Cylinder No Combustion EFI
P1357 Intermittent Secondary Front EFI
P1358 Intermittent Secondary Rear EFI
U1016 Loss of ICM/ECM Serial Data Instruments
U1016 Loss of ECM Serial Data, Vehicle Speed, Vehicle Inhibit Motion or Powertrain Security Status TSM/TSSM
U1064 Loss of TSM/TSSM Serial Data Carb
U1064 Loss of TSM/TSSM Serial Data EFI
U1064 Loss of TSM/TSSM Serial Data Instruments
U1097 Loss of Speedometer Serial data Carb
U1097 Loss of Speedometer Serial data EFI
U1097 Loss of Speedometer Serial data TSM/TSSM
U1255 Missing Message at Speedometer EFI
U1255 Serial Data Error/Missing Message EFI
U1255 Serial Data Error/Missing Message Instruments
U1255 Serial Data Error/Missing Message TSM/TSSM
U1300 Serial Data Low Carb
U1300 Serial Data Low EFI
U1300 Serial Data Low Instruments
U1300 Serial Data Low TSM/TSSM
U1301 Serial Data Open/High Carb
U1301 Serial Data Open/High EFI
U1301 Serial Data Open/High Instruments
U1301 Serial Data Open/High TSM/TSSM
2006 models with 02 sensors (Dynas)
P0131 Front 02 sensor lean for any length of time
P0151 Rear 02 sensor lean for any length of time
Above codes can also be set if 02 sensor fails.
AFR – Air Fuel Ratio
ATS – Air Temperature Sensor
BAS – Bank Angle Sensor
CCM – Cruise Control Module
CKP – Crank Position Sensor. The CKP generates an "AC signal†which is sent to the ECM where it is used to reference engine position (TDC) and speed. Home position established by taking readings off the 22 teeth on the alternator rotor.
DTC – Diagnostic Trouble Codes
ECM – Electronic Control Module. (The Computer) Computes the spark advance for proper ignition timing and fuel control based on sensor inputs (from CKP, MAP & TP sensors) and controls the low-voltage circuits for the ignition coils and injectors. The dwell time for the ignition coil is also calculated in the microprocessor and is dependent upon battery voltage. The programmed dwell feature gives adequate spark at all speeds.
ECT – Engine Coolant Temperature. Sensor also controls the cooling fan relay that provides 12 Vdc to the fans.
EFI – Electronic Fuel Injection
EFP – Electronic Fuel Pump
ET – Engine Temperature sensor
FI – Fuel Injectors
FPR – Fuel Pressure regulator
IAC – Idle Air Control actuator
IAT – Intake Air Temperature sensor
ISS – Ion Sensing System…detonation detection
MAP – manifold Absolute Pressure sensor. The MAP sensor monitors the intake manifold pressure (vacuum) and sends the information to the ECM. The EMC then adjusts the spark and fuel-timing advance curves for optimum performance.
TP – Throttle Position Sensor
TSM/TSSM (Turn Signal/ Turn Signal Security Module)
VE – Volume Efficiency
VSS – Vehicle Speed Sensor. Used as an input for idle speed control


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Oct. 4, 1997
Washington Runs Past Sun Devils
The overcast skies in Seattle was a telling sign of the game to come. It was as if lightning had struck the entire Arizona State team and they were still recovering from the shock during the game. The Sun Devils, in an uncharacteristic performance, lost to the Washington Huskies 26-14, in front of 74,986 at Husky Stadium. The Sun Devils drop to 3-2, 1-1 in the Pac-10 while Washington improves to 3-1, 1-0 in the conference.
Free safety Nitchell Freedman had a career-best 15 tackles in a losing effort for ASU.
(File Photo)
Offensive tackle Grey Ruegamer offered his thoughts. He said, "I don't think it has anything to do with being a young team. We are finding out about ourselves. We are doing a lot of experimenting. We are just trying to get the best people on the field."
Offensive production was a key factor in the game. While ASU outthrew the Huskies with 180 total yards to their 150 yards, the running game clearly belonged to the Huskies. After being held to only 43 total net rushing yards by Nebraska, the Huskies came out running against the Sun Devils. The Huskies picked up 240 yards on the ground. It was clear that Washington wanted to establish its running game against a Sun Devil run defense that ranked 10th in the nation going into the game. The Huskies ran the ball 51 times out of their 70 total plays. ASU's running game produced 51 yards, its lowest net yards rushing since October 22, 1994 when Washington State held the Sun Devils to 36 yards.
"I don't think we were outschemed and I don't mean that in a way to protect me or the other coaches," said head coach Bruce Snyder. "They made a great commitment to running the ball and it showed. They were physical and they pounded the ball."
The Sun Devil offense kept its balanced attack going, running 39 run plays and 30 pass plays. ASU had 231 total yards to Washington's 390 total yards. Quarterback Ryan Kealy held his poise, completing 13-of-30 for 180 yards, one touchdown and one interception, despite being sacked nine times. Running back J.R. Redmond rushed 21 times for 76 yards and one touchdown. Wide receiver Lenzie Jackson caught three passes for 44 yards to extend his streak of consecutive games with a reception. Wide-out Ricky Boyer also pitched in with three catches for 61 yards.
Kealy noted after the game, "They are a pressure defense. We knew that coming into the game. Sometimes they are going to get you because they rush more than you can block."
On the other side of the ball, ASU held Washington to only one third down conversion out of 11 attempts. ASU opponents are just 14 for 69 on third down conversions. Washington's defense against the run was impressive. Washington allowed only 51 yards rushing after giving up 384 rushing yards to Nebraska just a week ago. On an individual basis for the Sun Devils, safety Mitchell Freedman had a career high 15 tackles and defensive tackle Albrey Battle had eight tackles and forced one fumble.
The wet conditions wreaked havoc on both teams' kickers. Reliable Sun Devil kicker Robert Nycz went 0-for-3 on field goal attempts for the day. Nycz was 8 for 9 this season coming into the game. Husky kicker Nick Lentz sent his first extra point attempt spinning off to the right of the goal posts. Punts and kickoffs were adventures for both teams.
ASU ran toe-to-toe with Washington for much of the first half, but with just over a minute left in the half, it was apparent that lightning had struck twice as the Huskies marched down the field twice in those final minutes of the half to run up the score on a shocked Sun Devil team.
"We came out firing," said Ryan Kealy. "We need to keep that up throughout a whole half and a whole game. We do a lot of things well, but not necessarily at the same time. We need to come out and put a full game together."
ASU's first scoring attempt was a 35-yard field goal attempt by Robert Nycz that fell short of the goal posts. After an unproductive drive by each team, Washington would get the ball back at their own 29-yard line with four minutes left in the quarter. They pushed to the ASU 17-yard line to set up a Brock Huard pass to Jerome Pathon for an acrobatic catch in the front-left corner of the end zone, however, kicker Nick Lentz would send the extra-point attempt wide right to make the score 6-0.
After another exchange of possessions, ASU had the chance to capitalize on a bad punt by Washington. Starting inside Washington territory at the 36-yard line, ASU drove seven yards to set up Nycz for a 46-yard attempt. The kick fell short and was wide right.
Undaunted by the score, the Sun Devil defense came out and immediately forced a fumble on a Washington reverse play gone awry. The offense would reward them by moving the ball to the 3-yard line and scoring on a J.R. Redmond rumble, off-tackle, into the end zone.
The Sun Devil defense did not let up, however, knowing full well that a score of 7-6 did not constitute a blow-out. Linebacker Larry Johnson would step in front of a pass by Huard, pick it off and return the ball upfield for 15 yards.
Starting at Washington's 20-yard line, ASU's offense tried to push towards the end zone, but a sack by Husky linebacker Jeremiah Pharms brought out Nycz once again. His 46-yard field goal was no good, leaving the score at 7-6.
With under five minutes to play, the Huskies brought in backup tailback Maurice Shaw. In the following drive, Shaw single-handedly ran the ball 71 yards in seven plays for a touchdown to put the Huskies up 13-7.
The Sun Devil offense, trying to catch up before the half, came back onto the field and on their first play, gave up an interception to defensive back Nigel Burton. Washington would capitalize by driving 30 yards to set up a 1-yard touchdown run by Rashan Shehee. The Huskies went for two and failed, making the score 19-7 going into the half.
The second half brought renewed vitality to the Sun Devils. With their pride and the game on the line and their uniforms nearly dry from rain in the first half, the Sun Devils came out of the locker room with intensity. The Sun Devils would take the ball and move it 52 yards in 10 plays to set up a 14-yard touchdown pass from Kealy to tight end Matt Cercone to tighten the score, 19-14.
"A very significant thing to me was how we came out in the third quarter, " said Bruce Snyder. "I thought the players listened at half-time and they weren't down. They could have been a team that came in and didn't listen, feeling sorry for themselves or in shock, but they didn't do that and I think that's a positive sign."
Later in the third quarter, the Huskies would score again on a 10-yard touchdown pass from Huard to receiver Mike Reed for the final score of the game. The fourth quarter saw both defenses stifle the opposing offense to leave them scoreless for the quarter.
ASU quarterback Ryan Kealy said after the game, "I don't know how you couldn't learn from an experience like this. It's definitely an experience to know that you can play with them. This is definitely a character builder. We need to build upon what we did positively and get rid of the negatives."


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Mayor's "Lunch Bunch" Packs Madeline's Italian Restaurant
Posted on 07/02/2013 3:07 pm
Last week, more than 60 City employees and community members dined together at Madeline's Italian Restaurant for Mayor Dennis P. Williams' "Lunch Bunch." "Lunch Bunch" attendees fellowshipped as they enjoyed Madeline's Italian cuisine.
Upcoming "Lunch Bunch" outings will be held at:
- Southwest Kitchen, 1901 Delaware Avenue, Wilmington, Delaware on Friday, July 12th at 12:00 p.m.
- Paradise Palms, 825 North Market Street, Wilmington, Delaware on Friday, July 19th at 11:30 a.m.
- A&G Steak Shop, 501 West 9th Street on Friday, July 26th at 12:00 p.m.
Members of the community are encouraged to come out and dine with Mayor Williams and his "Lunch Bunch" group.
"I was very appreciative of the people who came out to eat with me and the Lunch Bunch at Madeline's," said Mayor Williams. "Lunch Bunch is intended to promote and support local businesses, so having members of the community join us in this effort is a great step."


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Home › Scene › Riding Pretty ›
Riding Pretty
Presented by Chicago Equestrians for a Cause, the fifth annual Chicago Hunter Derby was a ceremonious affair where the sounding of the horns commenced the equestrian competition at the picturesque Annali Farm. Under the viewing tent, the well-dressed crowd enjoyed cocktails and cuisine provided by Gene & Georgetti as horses and riders competed on a course with vintage log jumps and rocks walls. Equestrian Kelley Farmer flawlessly took first place in the main event, the $50,000 USHJA International Hunter Derby. Photography by Marcin Cymmer


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While hiking Utah's canyons, here are three of the essentials you should pick up for the journey.
Osprey Raptor 6 Hydration Pack
Stay hydrated and stay prepared. The Raptor 6 is built for day hikes, but the pack is roomy enough to accommodate everything but the kitchen sink.
$79, Kirkham's, SLC, 801-486-4161
Moxie Headlamp
Just because a headlamp is the most important piece of gear for a 5 a.m. hike doesn't mean it needs to be the most expensive.
$30, Black Diamond, SLC, 801-278-0233
Sports Beans
"Magic beans" may sound like an exaggeration, but pop a couple of these halfway through a mega ride you'll see what we mean.
About $1 per package, Canyon Bicycles, Draper, 801-576-8844


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Located in Shenzhen, China, OCT Bay has a combined site area of approximately 1.25 square kilometers including a new urban center and nature preserve. The design of the master plan and landscape architecture is targeted towards creating public open space for the city that balances development and ecology.
Continue reading OCT Bay | Shenzhen China | SWA Group


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Men's Tennis Runs Win Streak to Six, Defeats St. John's 5-2
Completing a six-match homestand with a perfect record, the Princeton men's tennis team beat St. John's 5-2 Saturday evening in Jadwin Gym, running its record to 9-3 on the season.
The six-match win streak is Princeton's longest since 2011, when it also won six. Princeton will head to California for a trio of matches during spring break, beginning Mar. 17.
"It was a good effort today," Princeton head coach Billy Pate said. "St. John's came at us hard and played inspired, as we knew they would. Their record is certainly not indicative of their talent as they've battled some injuries this year and have played a tough schedule. We knew it would be a challenging match for us without Matija (Pecotic), who is nursing a pulled muscle. It was good to get through with a win and we'll now transition to outdoor play this week in preparation for our trip to California."
Princeton pulled ahead and clinched by getting the doubles points and wins from Jonathan Carcione, Augie Bloom and Dan Richardson. Matt Siow got the last point with a tiebreak third-set win.
(52) Princeton (9-3) 5, St. John's (1-10) 2
1. Dan Davies/McCourt (P) def. Lampa/Mladenov (S), 9-8(6)
2. Bloom/Siow (P) def. Morth/Mozer (S), 8-3
3. Ben Quazzo/Spindler (P) def. Every/Mihai (S), 9-7
Order of finish: 2,3,1
1. Vasko Mladenov (S) def. Zack McCourt (P), 6-2, 7-6(6)
2. Valentin Mihai (S) def. Matt Spindler (P), 6-4, 6-3
3. Matt Siow (P) def. Mark Mozer (S), 6-7(4), 6-2, (10-6)
4. Dan Richardson (P) def. Mike Lampa (S), 6-3, 7-5
5. Augie Bloom (P) def. Hugo Morth (S), 6-3, 6-4
6. Jonathan Carcione (P) def. Michael-John Every (S), 6-2, 6-1
Order of finish: 6,5,4,2,1,3


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Home / Events / Event Archive /
CCS Noon Lecture Series. "The Liberty Coerced by Limitation: Subtitling Independent Chinese Documentary"
Facing extreme limitations in space and time, subtitlers often mourn the many limitations they are forced to deal with. They look jealously at the translators of literature, who appear so free. But the strictures of subtitling can also produce a certain kind of freedom. This talk will examine the subtitles for several films by director Wang Bing to explore the liberatory possibilities secreted away in their translations.
Akiyama Tamako teaches at Rikkyo University and is widely known for her subtitling and interpretation for Chinese cinema. She has been a close observer of Chinese thought, cinema and art since the 1990s. Supporting these artists' efforts through translation and interpretation, she has experienced their many turning points together—helping to introduce the forefront of Chinese art and film to Japan. Her many translations include Zhang Yuan's Crazy English (1999), Wang Bing's Tie Xi Qu: West of the Tracks (2003) and Fengmin: a Chinese Memoir (2007), and Cong Feng's Dr. Ma's Country Clinic (2008).


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Quick View
LangresWho needs a flute when your cheese can hold your bubbly for you? Made in Champagne and finished with a concave top designed to hold a bit of the eponymous sparkler, cheesemakers wash each little cow's milk round with brine and then rub it with raccou, a natural colorant derived from a tropical shrub. Read More
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Meadow Creek
GraysonOnly a family named Feete could make a big, bold, stinky cheese this astoundingly intense and delicious. And, it's seasonal. Get it while you can. Read More


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Given a strictly convex function $g : [0, 1] \to \mathbb{R}$, I'm curious about the asymptotic distribution of the points $\exp{(2 \pi i N g(n / N))}$ for $n = 1, 2, \dots, N$, counted with multiplicity, as $N$ gets large. To be precise, I'm curious what sorts of bounds one can expect for the "discrepancy"
$$N^{-1}\#\{n : a < Ng(n/N) \pmod{1} < b\} - (b - a),$$
and in particular if these points become equidistributed as $N$ goes to infinity.
For what it's worth, I believe the answer is "yes." I have a guess about how to prove it, but I am not an analytic number theorist, and, even if my proof is right, I'm very curious if people know $1$) better ways to prove it, or $2$) preexisting results that imply it.
As for my humble stab at a sketch of a proof: First, I believe I have a proof in the case $g(x) = x^2$ using the Erd\"os-Tur\'an Inequality (here). (In this inequality, one has a bound on the above discrepancy which can shown to go to zero using what I understand are well-known formulas for quadratic Gauss sums.) Perhaps this is also true for arbitrary quadratic polynomials, and perhaps one can get good bounds on the discrepancy. For a general strictly convex function, $g$, I think it might be possible to approximate $g$ on small intervals (w.r.t. $N$) by a quadratic polynomial, and use the discrepancies computed in the polynomial cases to bound the discrepancy for $g$.
My proof for $g(x) = x^2$ will be provided only upon request: I am ashamed of it's ugliness. Thanks in advance.


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Just a spray a day for better bone strength! Easy-to-use food spray offers the extra boost of healthy calcium a UVA and UVB light can't always provide. Simply spray onto any reptile food (including feeder insects, mice, or vegetables), wait 15 seconds, and feed as normal. This proven formula is readily absorbed into virtually any reptile or amphibian's bloodstream, assimilated directly into the bone tissue. In extreme cases, three drops applied directly to a pet's mouth will effectively treat common calcium deficiencies.
Please click on "More Information" for directions for use and ingredients.


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2012 Rock and Roll Hall of Fame inductee Bobby Bennett of the Famous Flames passed away on January 18, 2013, at age 74. For 15 years, the Famous Flames provided impassioned vocals and frenetic choreography alongside James Brown, helping to create among "the greatest stage shows of all time," according to former Rock Hall president and CEO Terry Stewart. Bennett – previously Brown's valet – joined the group in 1959, and along with Bobby Byrd, Johnny Terry and "Baby" Lloyd Stallworth, helped form the definitive lineup of the Famous Flames.
The Famous Flames were a vital element in Brown's success, as their electric stage presence made Brown's performances legendary. Before being dubbed the "Godfather of Soul," Brown was a Famous Flame, and it was his years with that group that made him a driving force in the world of soul music. "A lot of people didn't know that James Brown was the same as I was: a Flame," said Bennett in an April 2012 interview with the Rock Hall.
The group is audible on the 1963 classic album Live at the Apollo. Bennett and the other Famous Flames can been seen in footage from The T.A.M.I. Show, the 1964 performance film where Brown was a definite showstopper, proving an impossible act to follow for the Rolling Stones.
On the eve of his induction into the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame in April 2012, Bennett, then the last surviving member of the Famous Flames, spoke with the Rock Hall during a party at the Museum in Cleveland. "James (Brown) was a Flame. Bobby Byrd was a Flame. Lloyd Stallworth was a Flame. And Bobby Bennett, who's still here, was a Famous Flame also," he said. "We performed all over the world. We performed everywhere. We were the best out there: best dancers, best singers – we were good."
Watch more from that interview in the clip below, including his remembering the who's who of artists who opened for the Famous Flames.


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Swimming Staff
Tom JAGER
Head Coach (Fourth Season)
Tom Jager carries the philosophy that honesty, plus respect, plus punctuality equals integrity. Jager brings this mindset into his fourth season at the helm of Washington State University swimming. (FULL BIO)
Becky JAGER
Assistant Coach (First Season)
Becky Jager joined the WSU swimming staff in 2015 as an assistant coach.
Kelsey BRUGGMAN
Coordinator of Operations (First Season)
Kelsey Bruggman joins the Cougar coaching staff after one season as an undergraduate assistant with head coach Tom Jager. Bruggman worked as an undergraduate assistant during the 2013-14 season as she completed her bachelor's degree. (FULL BIO)


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- $349.00
- Color: TNF BLACK GREYSTONE HEATHER TNF BLACK PRUSSIAN BLUE HEATHER
- Find Your Size
- Size: XS S M L XL
Stay out on the hill longer skiing the frontside, backside, or your favorite side stash wearing a fully featured jacket with lightweight 600-fill down insulation. The heathered rip-stop exterior is windproof and treated with a DWR (durable water repellent) finish to shed light snowfall. An internal MP3 pocket and a designated pocket for your goggles organize your accessories while keeping them accessible. Use the snap-front elasticized powder skirt to seal out snow and keep your mid-layers dry on epic powder days.
Features Include
- Active fit
- Water resistant, windproof, breathable
- Adjustable, removable hood
- Polyurethane (PU) zip chest pocket
- Core vents
- Handwarmer zip pockets
- PU center front zip
- PU wrist accessory pocket with goggles cloth
- Bonded adjustable cuff tabs
- Internal Lycra® comfort cuffs
- Internal media-security pocket
- Internal goggles pocket
- Detachable, four-snap, snap-down powder skirt with gripper elastic and stretch panels
- Adjustable hem system
- Waist Clip-in integration
Product Specifications
- Style:
- Fabric:
- shell: 107 g/m² 63% nylon, 37% polyester heather mini-ripstop with DWR / insulation: 600 fill down
- Avg Weight:
- 1122 g (39.58 oz)
- Length from Center Back:
- 27"
- Source:
- Imported
- Guarantee:
- Lifetime Warranty
Using only the highest quality goose down in all of our products, The North Face® tests each lot of down at three stages of production for loftiness, moisture resistance and ability to regain loft after compression.
The fill power of goose down is an indicator of two important features: warmth-to-weight ratio and compressibility, both critical to retain warmth and furnish comfort. True fill power is measured by placing one ounce of goose down in a graduated cylinder and measuring the volume the down occupies in cubic inches. The North Face® products are insulated with exclusive, high-fill power goose down ranging from 550 to 900 fill, which represents the highest quality down commercially available.


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As seen on the National Geographic Channel.
Sale Price:
The Gulf of Mexico is home to thousands of gas and oil platforms, in addition to some of the planet's most severe storms. So who do you call when a well or platform stops producing, or is toppled by a massive storm? Meet the Delta Divers, a team of highly skilled underwater adventurers who descend where few dare to go to300 feet below the water's surface. National Geographic joins them as they head out to dismantle offshore rigs.
Not available for shipment outside of the U.S.
National Geographic DVD Exclusives
For the first time ever, National Geographic presents its programming in DVD-R format. Available exclusively through this site, you can now own more of our award-winning specials and documentaries in a high-quality DVD format.
How our DVDs and DVD-Rs Differ
Customers who purchase programs in the NG DVD Exclusives Library will receive a non-interactive, play only disc. There is no chaptering information on these DVDs, but there are chapter marks approximately every five minutes, which make it easy to fast forward through a program. The DVD-R format provides the digital video and audio quality you expect from all of our DVDs.
NOTE: The NG DVD Exclusives titles are not closed-captioned. We apologize for any inconvenience this limitation may cause.
(based on 2 reviews)
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(1 of 1 customers found this review helpful)
one of a kind
By Sea Ag Ron
from Galveston, Tx
About Me Movie Buff
Best Uses
Comments about Diver Down DVD Exclusive:
We use the oil but have no idea what it takes to get to it, especially in the depths of the Gulf of Mexico. This is a most unique look at the offshore oil industry, as seen from the guys who get the jobs no one else wants...or CAN do! My photo made a cover of National Geographic...even if it is a DVD sleeve! Cool!
Bottom Line Yes, I would recommend this to a friend
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Excellent! Would love to see more!
By Dive Mom
from Marietta
Explores the depths of the Gulf.