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A debate is flourishing on FtB over the morality of pornography and prostitution, and it illustrates some principles of political and moral philosophy that I think are important to disseminate more widely than just among the privileged West, and illustrates how easily the strange realities of the Western democratic world aren't readily understood or even imagined by those who come from outside of it. It also touches on the philosophy of aesthetics, the metaphysics of human sexuality, and political epistemology. In other words, it spans anyone's entire worldview, all five Aristotelian categories: semantics/epistemology, physics/metaphysics, ethics, aesthetics, and politics. Which those who have read my Sense and Goodness without God will recognize completes the description of any worldview (and I use them there to describe what I believe to be the most credible and coherent atheist worldview).
The Backstory
International freethought heroine Taslima Nasrin has recently joined us at Freethought Blogs, an important voice for the half of the world most of us never know, or know as much about, a hard-core frontliner in our movement who has faced serious oppression and danger (I suspect she's the only one of us who has had actual mass death marches calling for her murder; plus numerous actual fatwas, which in the West we would call having a contract put out on you). Imagine being an exile from your own country because thousands of people there want to kill you–for no other crime than simply saying women should be treated nice. Her command of English is not perfect, but she writes passionately, and has interesting experience and perspective. (And though American readers might find her self-comparison with Salman Rushdie a bit boastful and self-aggrandizing, it's hard to find fault with her facts in the matter; except in matters of opinion, perhaps, e.g. I'm unaware of the evidence that "women have complained that Rushdie doesn't consider them anything more than sex objects" [my emphasis], especially since I don't exactly trust gossip or tabloid reporting about his relationships, but he does seem to be a bit of an unreliable hound in that department.)
Taslima has blogged avidly since she started this month (at No Country for Women), and among her posts was Sex Slavery Must Be Abolished, in which she railed not just against actual sex slavery, but all forms of sex work (and then responded to critics of it in Do Women Really 'Choose' to Be Prostitutes). For example, she repeats the Old School Feminist adage that all "prostitution is sexual exploitation" (which must mean "engineering is intellectual exploitation" and "janitorial work is domestic exploitation" and…well, you can already see this kind of thinking just doesn't make much sense) and that all hookers are "forced to enter prostitution" by the need to make money (which must mean my wife was forced into accounting by the need to make money, therefore she is a business slave, and therefore accounting is "not an acceptable job for women," and we should outlaw accountancy). All this kind of logic is fallacious because it enshrines sex as somehow sacred and different from other human behaviors, which is a distinctively religious thing to do. Which makes it peculiar for an atheist to be caught back up in that superstitious thinking as if it's somehow correct (and not just correct, but beyond dispute).
Greta Christina (another fellow feminist and Freethought Blogger, and avid advocate for sex workers and a sex positive worldview) took justifiable umbrage and wrote Prostitution Is Not Slavery, which hits every point I just did and more, and backing her up is Natalie Reed's But Seriously, Prostitution Is Not Sex Slavery, and both of those posts together are awesome reads. You can also see a roundup and observation of this exchange by Chris Hallquist. Crommunist also weighed in with Swedish Sex Models!!! (the title, like mine, is a joke, even though his topic actually is Swedish sex models…as sex workers), in which he links to several other informative blog posts on the subject of legalizing sex work. And though not directly responding to that exchange, another fellow feminist Freethought Blogger, Stephanie Zvan, posted Talbot's Awkward Commentary, which is relevant not least because it references that peculiarly Western event called the Sexual Revolution, which changed our society's attitudes toward sex and sexuality, in such a fundamental and pervasive way that it seems Taslima Nasrin has not yet acclimatized to it, having been born and raised in a world that was never transformed by it.
Morality and Legality of Prostitution
I needn't rehash the whole debate over why legalizing prostitution is the correct thing to do, or why there is nothing intrinsically immoral about it. In fact it is morally and politically imperative, in all the same ways we legalize the food service industry, which has all the same concerns of disease vectoring and labor exploitation and abuse (including the problem of actual human traficking and slavery). We have no trouble distinguishing illegal and immoral from legal and moral labor agreements and practices in the food service industry, so we would have no greater difficulty doing the same in the sex industry (and the U.S. porn industry, which I will get to shortly, illustrates that).
The notion that sex is somehow relevantly "different" from producing food, transporting food, making food, serving food, cleaning up food, is a religious concept. It has no objective validity absent religious myths and superstitions. I can abuse, mistreat, enslave, exploit a food service worker. That in no way means food service work is inherently degrading or in any way wrong or shameful, or even undesirable (I know many who love the work…as long as they find employers and customers and coworkers who treat them decently, which is the moral reality of all work and employment whatever). It obviously also makes no sense to declare food service work illegal for any of these reasons (men like to eat laboriously prepared food and be waited on hand and foot and not have to clean up after…and they will pay women to do this…and no one is outraged by that). Ditto, sex work.
Sex differs in some respects from food service work, certainly. But not as much as you think, and not in any way that really matters. It's not inherently more dangerous, for example. There are serious, even lethal, accidents in the food service industry, too (not just workplace dangers, but criminal ones as well: many a food service worker has been beaten, raped or murdered by armed robbers). We didn't solve that problem by banning the industry. We solved it by improving (and continuing to improve) all aspects of safety and legal protection. We could do the same in the sex industry–and in fact, we can only do that by legalizing it.
On the other hand, sex work is more intimate, more personal, and more violating than food work. But so are other industries. Sex involves being penetrated, but many professional athletes intimately and abusively touch each other, too; we pay surgeons to grab our balls, finger our anus, cut open our chests, and shove things up our every orifice; people pay professionals to pierce and tattoo them; cops and soldiers get paid to take a bullet now and again. Sex is very intimate and personal, but often so is professional writing and acting and dancing, interviewing people for oral histories or news reports, giving and receiving a massage, or speaking to a therapist. Indeed, that latter is arguably more intimate and personal than hired sex work. Think about it. Paying someone to listen at length to your most personal thoughts and darkest secrets, and being paid to listen to strangers' most personal thoughts and darkest secrets. That's exposing the real you, the deepest and truest form of nudity and vulnerability and penetration. Compared to that, sex is a mere dance.
The best philosophical treatise ever written on this subject is Martha Nussbaum's "Whether from Reason or Prejudice: Taking Money for Bodily Services," which you can find in her excellent collection Sex and Social Justice, pp. 276-98, or in its original form in the Journal of Legal Studies 27.2 (1998): 693-724. This is required reading on the subject. She thoroughly dispatches every objection, and addresses, directly, several major feminist authors on the subject. If you want to be informed on this topic, you should start there. And yet, as a practicing Jew (and thus a religious believer, not an atheist), Nussbaum personally regards prostitution as immoral and degrading. Which illustrates the importance of distinguishing between seeking to persuade someone to find other employment, and seeking to use the armed force of the state to compel them to. Drugs being the model example: excessive drinking or doing blow may be immoral or not good for you, but outlawing them creates an even more unjust society and exacerbates every evil rather than mitigating any. Thus the moral question is distinct from the political one.
Even so, I do not agree with Nussbaum that sexwork is degrading or immoral. For those who enjoy sex work, cleaning toilets is often far more degrading and exploitative. Yet everyone agrees that's a legal and necessary occupation. And in my view, cleaning toilets for an income is only degrading if you aren't being paid well for it or are otherwise badly treated by your employer, and it's only immoral to employ someone to clean your toilet if you aren't paying them well for it or are otherwise badly treating them. Prostitution is no different. Likewise working in porn. It's easier to see why religion blinds even Nussbaum to the reality of this if we imagined an alien society in which all the religious taboos and myths associated with sex were attached instead to playing tennis. These aliens would say that being paid to play tennis with a stranger is dangerous and degrading, that it exploits the poor, that it's shameful for anyone to play tennis for money, that tennis play should only ever occur between intimate loving couples. We would immediately recognize that that alien belief is ridiculous.
But making a blanket cultural declaration like that is not the same thing as heeding individual relationship dynamics. If playing tennis is something you and your wife have agreed to treat as a special thing you do only with each other, and you make that fact meaningful to you, then your playing tennis with another woman would be an insult to your wife. But that's only because of your particular relationship. It's not an objective cultural fact that this will be true for everyone. Polyamorous couples, for example, have no such agreement, nor desire one. Likewise the nonmarried who are honest and clear with their partners how short term their relationship may be and whom they may in future play tennis with. And so, too, anyone who decided to play tennis for money. Either because they like it, or prefer it to other work, or because they need an income, or all of the above. To declare them a shameful, exploited, tennis slut would just be bizarre. To try and use the government to force them not to do it would be even more bizarre. It would make no intelligible sense outside an irrational system of religious mythology.
For a good, thorough scientific demonstration of that fact, see Darrel Ray's Sex & God: How Religion Distorts Sexuality. If you want to understand the true ethics of sex, you need to understand the metaphysics of sex (what sex and sexuality really is), and to understand that you need to understand the science of sex. Ray's book covers it all.
In short, Taslima doesn't yet realize that we see sex differently, and that women's liberation has advanced so far in the West that they actually can choose any job they like (which is why, as I'll point out, no one here is "forced" into the porn industry), and the few who fall through the cracks of our privilege and prosperity (e.g. women who turn tricks for money because they actually are forced into sex slavery or because it's the only way they can sustain an illegal drug habit) do so precisely because we have driven the industry underground and criminalized it. Imagine if we criminalized food service, and the horrors and abuses that would then occur in the inevitable "black market" food industry. It's not hard to, because we did it once: with alcohol (Prohibition); and we're doing it again (with the War on Drugs). Look what happened. Contrast the alcohol industry under Prohibition, with that industry today. Compare, from one period to the other, the conditions and dangers of those laboring in it. As for that work, so for sex work.
Taslima then argued against pornography (Let's Eroticize Equality), which is essentially a form of legalized prostitution. Again, her main point we all agree with (just as actual sex slavery is certainly an evil we ought to outlaw, eroticizing equality is also an awesome recommendation for improving the aesthetic experience of pornography). But the rest, not so much. She repeats Old School Feminist mantras such as that pornography is "an industry of woman-hating dehumanization," when in fact a rising portion of the U.S. and Canadian porn industry is run by women, and reflects women's interests and decisions more than ever before (and I agree this trend needs to continue), and women consumers are a significant part of the video porn market (about a quarter share in fact), while the relative proportion of what could properly be called "dehumanizing" porn is starting to shrink.
Which is why I wonder if perhaps Taslima does not know this because she is not as immersed in our culture as we are. She sees the porn industry through the lens of a selectively biased literature, and perhaps from experience with the market and industry as it exists (insofar as it exists) in countries like India or Iran, which have not developed progressive sexuality and women's liberation as the West has done (the way men treat women on the streets of Egypt, for example, is simply unthinkable here–that's how far we've come, and how far behind they are). Conversely, we see porn and prostitution from the perspective of a highly progressed and very privileged Western democratic society, where women's power and influence is increasingly pervasive, as is women's liberation (sexually and intellectually, and economically), and where sex is increasingly seen in the context of women having the free choice to do what they want. How a legally recognized prostitute or porn star is treated here, what the actual opportunities and options she has, is a product of Western wealth and justice, and nothing at all like how a prostitute or porn star would be treated in, say, India's society and courts of law. The difference has nothing to do with sex or prostitution. It has everything to do with American culture being fifty years more morally advanced than India's.
Lest someone take umbrage at that suggestion, the fact that Indians keep trying to kill Taslima while Americans don't is proof enough of the difference. Imagine if Taslima also became a famous porn star…do you think Indians would treat her better after that? When Americans look at nations like India, they see a past that we left behind more than half a century ago (see A Billion Indians and Millions of Injustices). This does not mean America is a paragon of moral virtue. We have a great deal to fix in ourselves, and most other Western democracies are far ahead of us on almost every matter of moral and social justice (and even they are not paragons of moral virtue). But bringing them into it just makes India look even more backward by comparison (much less Bangladesh). Even where we seem comparable is misleading. For example, the murder rates in India and the U.S. are more or less on par, but it hardly needs pointing out that this is in large part due to the fact that most potential murder victims get the hell out of the country (case in point: Taslima Nasrin) or cower to the social pressure to not speak up against injustice or even in defense of one's own rights, precisely out of fear of being murdered for it. This is one of the reasons why we cannot cite a low murder rate in Iran, for example, as an endorsement of Iranian society.
This is a very significant point, because it means there is a real problem in other countries that don't materially support women's rights or any sound concepts of a just society. Prostitutes there have it bad. But not because they are prostitutes, but because their societies are morally backward. It would be easy to conflate (albeit fallaciously) the exploitation of women in those countries with the legalization of prostitution, with the result that our Western advocacy of the morality and legalization of prostitution looks perverse. But that advocacy is based on living within a moral and social infrastructure in which the exploitative and unjust elements of any industry (like prostitution) have a real chance of being suppressed, redressed, and abrogated. We, in other words, are ready to move on. The result is attitudes about sex and commerce that look inconceivable in cultures mired in social and moral oppression. But once you realize the way forward is not outlawing prostitution but improving the moral and social infrastructure of the society that abuses its prostitutes, you'll see that our view of things is not wrong, it's just the future you need to work toward.
This cultural difference would explain, for example, why Taslima assumes all porn "is implicated in violence against women" and "pornography leads to an increase in sexual violence against women through fostering rape myths" (and then claims studies prove this, when in fact I am not aware of any that do). This of course cannot be true, since porn is far more widely available and consumed in the U.S. yet sexist and abusive treatment of women is vastly greater in countries like Egypt where porn is supposedly not (certainly, even if it's all going on "on the sly," Egyptian men can't be consuming more porn than American men). And rates of rape and other violence against women in the U.S. have not substantially changed over 35 years (e.g. rapes nearly doubled around 1990 relative to 1975 and 2010 but have steadily declined ever since, right back to the 1975 level), even though in precisely that period the porn industry consistently exploded in production, use, and availability–in fact, most significantly after 1990, with the advent of internet porn, which would sooner suggest that increased porn availability causes the decrease of violence against women; but even rejecting that conclusion, no argument can be made that porn increases violence against women. The standard confounding factor is that men who will rape or sexually abuse women will obviously consume porn. As with any correlation fallacy: it's the rapist's mind that causes a rapist's porn consumption, not the porn consumption that causes a rapist's mind. Which means the fact that India and Egypt treat women so badly is not caused by porn. That is entirely the wrong target to attack.
I can't say for sure, but inexperience with Western culture might also explain Taslima's assertion that "most female performers are coerced into pornography," because that hasn't been true in the U.S. or Canada for a very long time. The salient point should be that we ought indeed to oppose, morally and legally, coercing women into pornography–as we ought to do for all forms of labor coercion, such as being coerced to work in a factory or as a maid or, and this is far more common, coerced into being an uneducated stay-at-home baby-producing housekeeper. In other words, it's not pornography that's the problem. It's coercion. Be against that. But being against pornography is like being against manufacturing, housekeeping, or homemaking.
There might, however, be another issue here, not one of cultural misinformation, but one of relying on bad sources that resonate with you emotionally but that you don't actually fact-check, or reacting to things you see happening in porn without first trying to understand it.
In the first instance, I see that Taslima relies a lot on Old School Feminism (which we sent packing years ago; we're in Third Wave Feminism now), and that old guard often engaged in argument by assertion and ignorantly fallacious rhetoric. As when Taslima paraphrases Gloria Steinem's argument that porn is bad and erotica good because [here quoting Steinem herself] "porne, in its root, means female slave, and eros obviously means love and has some idea of free choice and mutual pleasure," which even if true (it's not) would only have been true 2000 years ago, in a completely different language, spoken before English even existed. So why, then, mention it?
And if you are really going to push a non sequitur like that, at least try to get the facts right. In reality, ancient porneia just meant prostitution, which even in antiquity was not solely an occupation of slaves (it only usually was), and in fact the word was frequently used simply to mean unchastity, i.e. free women having consensual sex for no material gain but the satisfaction of their own desire (and its root, pornê does not likely derive from the mismatched verb pernêmi as has been suggested–though even if it did, that would not necessarily be a reference to slavery but simply selling sex–but more likely comes from pornos, which meant boy lover, not female slave–the connecting element was the assumption of anal and oral sex, which was frequently practiced by female prostitutes as a simple form of birth control). And eros did not mean love in Steinem's intended sense, but sexual desire, which did not entail choice or mutual affection (but could involve either). Indeed, a man could pay a pornê for sex precisely because of his eros for her. The Greeks had other words for love in its nonsexual aspects.
The Porn-Erotica Divide
That citation of Steinem (who was clearly no Classicist and more into her own rhetoric than actual cultural understanding) relates to Taslima's acceptance of erotica, which she says is acceptable and good, and which she demarcates from porn using Diana Russell (another Old School feminist, one of the most radical even, and practically a poster child for what Third Wave feminists have rejected):
Pornography: Material that combines sex and/or the exposure of genitals with abuse or degradation in a manner that appears to endorse, condone, or encourage such behavior.
Erotica: Sexually suggestive or arousing material that is free of sexism, racism, and homophobia, and respectful of all human beings and animals portrayed.
In the English language as everywhere spoken, porn is either of those things. To demarcate "porn" as, in effect, "erotica + endorsement of sexism/abuse," is simply to speak a different language than everyone else. And I do not accept semantic games like that. As I have defended before (Sense and Goodness without God II.2.1.4, pp. 33-35), we need to use words as they are actually used and understood. We can correct errors and inconsistencies and make distinctions. But we can't try to foist an alien language on people.
Greta Christina has also tackled this subject of what really demarcates porn from erotica (Porn or Erotica?) and she came to a different conclusion, based on how the terms are actually used in English-speaking countries, particularly to market content (in other words, based on how people actually used the words):
Porn is sexually explicit art that has, as its primary intent, the sexual arousal of the audience, and in which any other artistic/ political/ cultural intent is secondary or incidental.
Erotica is sexually explicit art that has, as its primary intent, some artistic/ political/ cultural goal other than the sexual arousal of the audience, and in which this sexual arousal is secondary or incidental.
She ultimately finds that this demarcation is largely artificial, but this is indeed how the words are used. If, for example, you peruse books and videos labeled "erotica" and books and videos labeled "porn," you'll see her demarcation play out. I would only add the qualifier that I also find "erotica" used to mean what Greta defines as porn, but without specifically showing or mentioning any of the good parts (for example, a movie made solely to arouse, but that never actually quite shows any penetration or even a fully naked body, gets classed as erotica and not porn).
Getting the semantics right is important, not only to avoid fallacies of equivocation but also for the simple reason that we need to know how the language works to understand our language-saturated world and discourse. "Porn" simply does not mean "that which endorses abuse and degradation." Where I live, there are specific stores you can go to that specialize in carrying little to no material that does that, yet what they do sell is still all classified as porn. And even anywhere else, if I peruse the "porn" aisle at a video store, I won't find that it all endorses "abuse or degradation." And it's not as if there are two aisles, one marked "normal porn" and the other "endorsements of abuse and degradation." There might be an S&M section, and things of that nature, but that's not the same thing.
Which leads me to another issue of cultural divide: if you have not grown up immersed in cosmopolitan Western culture, you might not know about the normalization and acceptance of S&M and other forms of kink. And if you don't know about it, you might react to seeing it in completely the wrong way. Certainly, if I was a rural kid from Idaho and walked into a magazine store and browsed a kink mag, I might be horrified at the way people (often, but not always, women) are being tormented on its pages, and conclude this is endorsing the brutal torture of women. But it's not. And it never has. Nor has it caused any escalation in such things. Greta again wrote a very good piece on this, herself a woman into kinky porn: Porn, Social Criticism, and the Marginalization of Kink. And she has explored (in Why Porn Matters) how in fact porn has improved social understanding of women and sexuality, and made the lives of individuals better by eliminating the previous culturally-enforced assumption that their fantasies, whatever they are, must be perverse and wrong. These two articles will educate any reader on how different a sex positive Western culture is, compared to what one might encounter or hear in, say, Bangladesh.
In the first of those Greta explains, and illustrates, that kink, which often does appear to normalize sexism and abuse, is actually a sexual fetish many women, even feminists, find erotic, and even enjoy participating in. However, she does not explain how we're to tell that "women being dominated and humiliated and slapped around" isn't promoting the dehumanization of women, even though she clearly does believe you can have "women being dominated and humiliated and slapped around" that doesn't. Someone not already familiar with a lot of our sex culture might be left confused by this. How can you dominate and humiliate a woman and not be dehumanizing her? It sounds like a patent contradiction. I think it would be helpful if Greta answered this question in more detail, perhaps in a future post, especially one aimed at readers who might really have zero experience with this [she has since done something nearly along those lines: see On Writing Kinky Porn in Rape Culture].
Particularly since this is not only an East-West thing, but a cultural divide that exists even within our own country, as many people do not have a close familiarity with our various sexual subcultures or with sex workers or even open communication with porn consumers. Thus, for example, Sunsara Taylor, for Black Skeptics here at Freethought Blogs, also took a stand against porn: protesting Women-Hating Pornographers (see also the brief discussion of concerns for International Women's Day). She, too, sees kink and sexist fantasy play the same way that Greta considers to be uninformed. In the latter post it's claimed that, for example, "ejaculation in a woman's face is standard" (and, it is implied, intrinsically dehumanizing), although that has been commonplace for some thirty years now; in fact, long ago I watched some porn reels from the 30s and 40s and it was happening then, too. But some of the other points raised in that post might reflect genuine trends, and some of them might even be bad.
But the solution, of course, is to change the way porn gets made, to influence the consumers to be more reflective about what they buy (as we've successfully done in respect to environmentalism), and inspire the artists to be more thoughtful and creative (as we've been doing in respect to film and television). For example, Greta and many others have long criticized the fact that "action movies commonly perpetuate some very common sexist tropes: e.g., weak helpless women who need rescuing by strong male heroes," and as a result we have seen gradual improvements in that over the last thirty years (Joss Whedon's opus, and its market success, is not the only evidence of it). The solution was not "ban action movies" because they promote sexist assumptions about the world. As for action movies, so for porn.
Artistic Criticism Requires Understanding
However, to push for change, you still have to be an informed critic who actually understands the material. Otherwise you will just come across as an ignorant outsider, and that will give you no sway with anyone who can actually make real changes happen. It's like someone who heard about roller derby, then concluding it's harmful to women and exploitative, but after understanding current rollergirl culture they realize it's viewed by everyone involved in it as empowering, and was recently revived by women for that reason (as my wife once said to me, "The way men get Fight Club, women get Roller Derby," although I should mention Jen also loves Fight Club). Like an outsider who doesn't get roller derby, the assumption that facial cumshots are inherently "degrading" is precisely the kind of thing that reflects being out of touch with the industry, the artists in it, and what consumers actually think about it. You need to be in touch with all three of those first. And when you are, you may end up seeing things differently.
We also must accept two key realities about the aesthetics of any art or performance:
First, just because a fantasy is depicted, does not mean it is being endorsed or encouraged. This should be obvious from all other fantasy video media: the heroic depiction of the fictional serial killer Hannibal Lecter (particularly in the film Hannibal) is certainly not telling the audience to kill and eat people; action movies are not endorsing dangerous car chases and public gunfights; Dirty Harry is not supposed to inspire us to go on vigilante killing sprees. And, you may notice, it didn't. Nor did Hannibal cause a rise in cannibalism. Nor have action films caused an epidemic of gunfights and car chases. Fantasy has to be recognized and understood for what it is. Heroes in films get to do things we fantasize about but never do. Like shoot drug lords in the head. Or have lots of beautiful sexual partners. Or sleep with your husband's secretary. Or get spanked until we cry. Or ejaculate on someone's face. (As my sonar supervisor's gun-toting wife once cheerfully said to me in my Coast Guard days, "That dear brave girl takes it in the eye, so I don't have to!")
Second, what a scene looks to be saying is not necessarily what it is saying. Art is complex, even when it's not trying to be. I remember someone I knew back in middle school who idolized a character in the film Apocalypse Now: Lt. Colonel Kilgore (played by Robert Duvall, who utters the famous line, "I love the smell of napalm in the morning"). He modeled himself after him, dressed like him, talked like him, spoke of him reverently as a kick-ass soldier, his ideal hero. The disturbing thing about that (for those who haven't seen the movie) is that Kilgore is a grotesque character, he is meant to horrify the viewer. He was specifically written as a metaphor for exactly the kind of stiff-backed war-idolizing lunatic who causes and perpetuates unjust wars like that in Vietnam, men who are never touched by any sense of danger or loss, who puff their chest with exaggerated superiority, who utter such absurd racist patriotisms as "Charlie don't surf!" This kid didn't get the joke. He was inspired by that movie to become the very thing it was criticizing.
In no way can we blame the director or the actor or the movie for that. Anyone who failed to get the point they were making is clearly at fault (or their parents were, for not educating them on the matter). We can't call for Apocalypse Now to be banned because occasionally some fool doesn't get it and is inspired by it to become a dangerous asshole. In fact the Kilgore scene is a brilliant work of art, powerful and poignant in all the things it was trying to say. The solution here is to teach and inspire people to think more reflectively about the art they consume, so that they grasp and benefit from the meaning and nuance being conveyed by it. (I say more about my theory of art in Sense and Goodness without God VI.3, pp. 361-66.)
Porn is an art form like any other. Like ordinary film and television, most of it is crap by any artistic standard. But it's still art. And some of it is much better than most. In fact, aesthetically, I think porn could be far better than almost all of it is, that there is a real need for serious humanist artists to get in the business and change the way porn gets staged and filmed. But even among what exists, there is a difference to be seen between the best of it and the worst of it, and there are still the same artistic principles demanded in how you reflect on and understand what you see. And that's the viewer's responsibility. Just as it is when watching Apocalypse Now.
Example. In porn now there is in fact a rising trend (although I suspect it's a passing fad) toward "throat gagging" (in the 90s it was anal sex; and from what I saw, in the 30s it was banging nuns and seeing semen spill out of things). I don't enjoy this, even to watch it. It's not my thing. But one particularly avid performer of it is Sasha Grey, one of the most successful and empowered women in the industry, an outspoken feminist and sex worker advocate. I've seen and read interviews with her and it's clear she enjoys the act of throat gagging and doesn't do it because she's forced to or just because she's paid to, that it turns her on, and that in fact she regards it as an expression of her liberty and power. By body language and spoken word, she calls the shots in every scene. Many women in the industry don't like it, and don't do it, and their right not to is generally respected and in fact defensible in court. But if you aren't watching for the nuances of how Grey behaves in a scene and controls it, if you don't realize that she considers it sexually exciting and comes to no harm from it, you might get the wrong impression about what's happening in front of the camera. Just like you might get the wrong impression about Kilgore.
If any man tries this act on a woman who doesn't like it, because he likes it and doesn't care what his partner feels, then what we have is another Kilgore admirer. No different than a wife beater or sweat shop operator–yet in neither case do we ban marriages or factories. We criticize the fool who doesn't care about his fellow human beings. Sasha Grey is not evil. He is. And she is not responsible for what he does. Just as Robert Duvall is not responsible for the occasional chest-pumping Kilgore-loving military asshole.
There is a way forward here, and generally protesting or banning porn, or any other kind of prostitution or sexual commerce, simply isn't it.


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Royalty Free Music & Incredible Ways To Customize It
Royalty Free Music » Instruments » Clarinet (Bass) » Bass (Acoustic)
Royalty Free Music — Clarinet (Bass) & Bass (Acoustic)
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Royalty Free Clarinet (Bass) & Bass (Acoustic) MusicClarinet (Bass) Sub-Instruments: Instrumental Flute Bass (Acoustic) Orchestra Piano Studio Orchestra Bassoon Brass Chimes Clarinet MORE »
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Fabulous JourneyLet this uplifting orchestral melody spirit you away and clear away the clouds. Features piano and subtle guitar.Single?$ ?7100037-EX$ 59.957100037-W$ 149.95Instrument: Studio Orchestra, Bass (Acoustic), Bassoon, Clarinet (Bass), Flute, Piano, Strings, Violin, Violoncello, Instrumental Genre: Orchestral Emotions: Driving, Energetic, Exciting, Uplifting, Confident, Crazy, Effervescent, Exuberant, Fresh, Hypnotic, Incessant, Intense, Mechanical, Motivating, Panoramic, Pulsating, Refreshing, Whimsical, Hopeful Production Types: Animation, Cinematic, Indie Film, Travel, Video Games
Fabulous Journey from the album Musical Menagerie
Magical FateThis infectious song booms out of the gate with a lively, percussive beat that highlighting the elements of suspense, suspense, tension and intrigue.https://www.smartsound.com/artist/images/ASFB04_200.jpgSingle7100189-ST$ 39.957100189-EX$ 59.957100189-W$ 149.95Instrument: Orchestra, Studio Orchestra, Bass (Acoustic), Bassoon, Brass, Chimes, Clarinet, Clarinet (Bass), Flute, Harp, Oboe, Percussion, Violin, Violoncello, Xylophone, Instrumental Genre: Orchestral Emotions: Mysterious, Calm, Comical, Goofy, Haunting, Hypnotic, Incessant, Powerful, Reflective, Scary, Somber, Suspenseful, Tense, Uncertain, Wacky, Whimsical, Quirky, Sneaky, Investigative, Magical, Tormented Production Types: Kids, Animation, Cinematic, Video Games, Comedy, Action-Drama
Magical Fate from the album Orchestral Comedy
Challenging PuzzleTrombone, honeyed strings and a rolling snare propel this hearty and confident track to a comical ending.https://www.smartsound.com/artist/images/ASFB04_200.jpgSingle7100193-ST$ 39.957100193-EX$ 59.957100193-W$ 149.95Instrument: Orchestra, Studio Orchestra, Bass (Acoustic), Brass, Chimes, Clarinet, Clarinet (Bass), Flute, Harp, Oboe, Percussion, Piano, Strings, Instrumental Genre: Orchestral Emotions: Driving, Energetic, Exciting, Happy, Tongue-in-cheek, Positive, Cool, Uplifting, Comical, Competitive, Delicate, Effervescent, Expansive, Fierce, Fresh, Funny, Gentle, Goofy, Incessant, Inspiring, Majestic, Motivating, Powerful, Striving, Tense, Thrilling, Triumphant, Wacky, Whimsical, Quirky, Fun, Hopeful, Fantasy, Investigative, Magical, Military Production Types: Kids, Animation, Video Games, Comedy
Challenging Puzzle from the album Orchestral Comedy
Tanguito MoltoComedy abounds as silly strings pluck out a cheerful tune with the accompaniment of brass, strings and a driving synth boasting special effects.https://www.smartsound.com/artist/images/ASFB04_200.jpgSingle7100192-ST$ 39.957100192-EX$ 59.957100192-W$ 149.95Instrument: Orchestra, Studio Orchestra, Accordion, Bass (Acoustic), Bassoon, Brass, Celeste, Chimes, Clarinet, Clarinet (Bass), Flute, Harp, Percussion, Strings, Xylophone, Instrumental Genre: Orchestral Emotions: Energetic, Exciting, Mysterious, Comical, Dramatic, Funny, Incessant, Old-Fashioned, Pensive, Reflective, Sensual, Suspenseful, Uncertain, Wacky, Quirky, Drama, Sneaky, Fun, Mellow, Emotional, Investigative, Magical, Folklore, Tormented Production Types: Kids, Animation, Cinematic, Commercials, Indie Film, Film Trailer, Travel, Video Games, Comedy
Tanguito Molto from the album Orchestral Comedy
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Herbert declined to say who initiated the discussions but said he has spoken to John Cumming CEO of PCMR parent company Powdr Corp. which owns PCMR and Talisker Chairman and CEO Jack Bistricer.
"I have talked to both of them separately and I hope that they can find common ground and resolve whatever their differences are," he told The Park Record.
Herbert said the disagreement, if not settled could have far-reaching effects.
He said he conveyed to the two sides, "If you guys can't get along it has impact on other people in Park City, so the idea of you guys resolving your differences is important."
Herbert said there have also been discussions between "their staff people and my own office." He added, "I hope to resolve it, at least to help resolve it. They are going to have to resolve it amongst themselves. I am not a party, but I can encourage discussion."
In June, Utah Sen. Orrin Hatch also told The Record he had offered to help the two parties settle their differences.
--Nan Chalat-Noaker


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It's the perfect weather for falling in love, holding hands, kissing under snowflakes and a hundred other romantic scenarios. So what do you say you spice things up and spend some nights in?
HOTmilk Lingerie has you all set up, my friends. Whether you're preggers, nursing or not, they've got the loveliest, girliest fabrics and trimmings to have you feeling like the prettiest gal on the block.
The newly launched hotmilklingerie.com offers helpful fit tips (find out your new bra size to accommodate your new "girls"), online shopping and a few fun behind-the scenes features (Who doesn't love "meeting" the peeps behind the brand?).
So if you're thinking you'll be doing some serious snuggling this season, why not do so as your sexy self? If you need a little push, confidence or incentive, HOTmilk is offering P&N readers 20% off of the whole site! They believe you're just as beautiful and sexy as you really are…and want to help you flaunt it.
Shop at hotmilklingerie.com and enter code hm20khrr at checkout to receive 20% off your purchase.


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In addition to credit cards, we also accept Paypal.
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Founded in 1984, The Donna Karan Company is a design driven company that strives to represent the international pulse of New York. Five years later, Donna Karan founded DKNY™ to serve as a fast-paced fashion with an urban mind-set.
DKNY works to apply the highest standards of creativity, integrity, quality and innovation to their products and concepts. DKNY is the energy and spirit of New York, through creating international, eclectic, fun, fast and real styles. The company consistently delivers a unique mix of style around the world.
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Price: $19.95
NatGeo Amazing! is National Geographic as you've never seen it beforea celebration of the world's 100 most fascinating people, places, and things, showcased in a large-format, full-color paperback. NatGeo Amazing! has no trouble grabbing your attention and never letting go. This 192-page collection of the world's most fascinating information is the must-have companion to the new National Geographic Channel series launched in July 2010.
Melina Bellows is Executive Vice President and Editor-in-Chief for National Geographic Children's publications, which includes the award-winning, number one children's magazine National Geographic Kids. In addition to authoring five books, she has written for such publications as Entertainment Weekly, the New York Times, National Geographic Traveler, Cosmopolitan, and Glamour. She has appeared on such TV shows as The Today Show, CNN, The View, Good Day New York, and Fox and Friends.
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Nat Geo is AMAZING!
By Herlinda and Her Daughter
from Groton,CT
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I Bought this for my daughter at a Book Fair and it's AMAZING!!! She wanted it, the pictures are well taken! I love this book, I'am learning so much!
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Our beautiful Shelby Dawson Harmon lived life big, loud, and hopeful. Jesus
blessed her with her beautiful wings on Saturday, October 20, 2012.
A celebration of this new precious angel and her amazing love a visitation will
be held at 6:00 p.m. then a 7:00 p.m. service Wednesday, October 24, 2012. This
celebration of a young life will be held at the place Shelby grew up and grew
with the Lord, Calvary Baptist Chapel. Brother Joe Young, whom watched Shelby
grow into a beautiful girl from a chubby baby, will be officiating.
Shelby graced us with her glowing presence on June 4, 1992. James Clay Harmon,
Jr. and Angela Lynette Harmon were not prepared for the love they felt when they
first laid eyes on their sweet baby girl. They were more than blown away by the
love that exploded from her tiny heart.
Shelby loved school. She touched hearts, broke hearts, opened her heart, and
learned more about life than the average normal girl. She graduated with memories to hold, friends to hug, and a 4.0 to be proud of herself.
Shelby touched so many lives. She had so many friends that she carried with her
through college. All of those memories lifted her through her college moments
at Mississippi Delta Community College. She not only earned her Associate
Degree but continued for more. Shelby lived her life always reaching for more.
She left so many loved ones behind. She is honored here on earth by her
parents, James Clay Harmon, Jr. and Angela Lynette Harmon and a little brother,
James "Trey" Harmon. She also left two sets of grandparents that cherished her:
Charles and Brenda West and James "Jim" and Frances Harmon. Her aunts and uncles
that will miss her deeply: Kelly and Andy Kirkland, Joe Dank Walker and April
Walker, Kevin and Lisa Hill, James and Wendy Sullivan. She filled the lives of all of >her cousins: Bear Walker, Browning Earp, Maci Marli, Jr., and tiny Aubrie
Sullivan, Daniel and Sissy Vanlandingham, Anna and Kaylee Kirkland, and Robbie
and Ginger Hill, along with so many that she loved as family.
Shelby was born into a family that lived for family. We were more than family,
we are friends. We carry, we support, we unconditionally love. We never stand
alone. Every moment apart we carried our love. Now with wings, you will fly
high with our hearts as we continue holding on to yours. Michelle Denise
Sullivan will be there with open arms welcoming you.
In lieu of flowers, donations can be sent to the Robert Neal Food pantry in care
of Calvary Baptist Chapel P.O. Box 66 Rome, MS 38768.


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When Gladys Brown Edwards Painted Raseyn
Well known equine sculptor, artist and writer, Gladys Brown Edwards was an expert on the Arabian horse. She was long associated with the W. K. Kellogg Ranch in Pomona, California. And in 1933, the two greats met on a lawn in Pomona. Raseyn was transformed from living art to art on canvas, with the profound talent of Gladys Brown Edwards and her paintbrush. #GreatMoments #Raseyn #GladysBrownEdwards
When Ronteza Was Retired
Ronteza was retired at the All-Arabian Summer Horse Show in Monterey, CA. It consistend of a reading of her impressive record, a blanket of roses, a special song called "Ronteza" written just for her, and her weanling colt, Bay Event, that was turned loose in the arena to find his place by his mother's side. It was covered by the Pismo Times newspaper. Here is an excerpt from the article, with Sheila aptly describing the process she and the champion m are went through to get ready for a class. "I never work her up, or wake her up for a class. We simply walk around slowly and leisurely for about 20 minutes before she is due to go int the ring. Tehre are no practice spins or running stops to tune her up. As we walk along, I keep up a
2016 Qatar International Arabian and Arabian Peninsula Horse Shows
Qatar International Arabian Horse Show and International Arabian Peninsula Horse Show: 2016 By Lisa Abraham On March 11 through the 13 th , 2016, the 25 th Qatar International Arabian Horse Show took place, followed by the 6 th Qatar International Arabian Peninsula Horse Show, on the 14 th and 15 th . It was five days of exciting competition and warm Arabian hospitality and comradery. Although the show was enjoyed by a prestigious international gathering, it was the enthusiasm of the Qatari breeders and fans that made the show memorable. To experience a horse event in Qatar is a privilege, as the horse has occupied a treasured role in the history of the country. In an article titled "Al Shaqab—Galloping
The Al Rayyan Presentation of Horses: 2016
In 2015, Sheikh Hamad bin Ali Al Thani, of Al Rayyan Farm, arrived at the US Egyptian Event, in Lexington, Kentucky, with a string of beautiful, world class straight Egyptian competitors. That year, not only did he sweep up all the ribbons, but also, after time away from the competition ring, he won the hearts of the American Egyptian community. It was also at this show where he and I struck up both a friendship and working relationship. When Sheikh Hamad invited me to attend the 2016 Qatar International Arabian Horse Show and the Al Rayyan presentation of horses, I was thrilled with the opportunity to make a contribution. As my research began, I found that much like the Arab culture, the history of Al Rayyan Farm was
When Ronteza Fell, Only To "Win the World"
There have been few moments in our breed as great as this one... when a little bay mare named Ronteza and a school teacher named Sheila Varian took on the world and won. Never before – or since – had a woman, an amateur, or an Arabian won the World Reined Cow Horse Championships (i.e. "Winning the World"). Here is the experience, in Sheila's own words: October, 1961 — San Francisco, damp and cold. Ronteza, Mom and I. My father staying home to take care of the ranch. Lightweight division, Ronteza. Heavyweight division — 50 horses going for the title. Ronteza the only Arab, me the only girl. I never noticed. Never walk by the trophy window, don't look at the trophy saddle and blankets . . .
When Raffles Was a "Freebie" From Lady Wentworth
It was 1932. Four horses were being prepared at the Crabbet Stud for export to America. Negotiations continued as the buyer, Roger Selby, a wealthy shoe manufacturer, asserted his wish to pay less than the quoted price for the group. Lady Wentworth never adjusted her prices, but did on occassion include an extra horse with the sale. She decided to send the stallion *Raffles as a pleasure mount for the Selby children, *Raffles possessed exquisite Arabian type. He reputedly had been bred to improve pony stock at the Stud, but following a thorough examination by the Royal Veterinary Academy, he was pronounced hopelessly sterile. Perhaps the horse would serve a purpose in America... # GreatMoments
When Bay-Abi was a Weanling
This is a very rare photo of Bay-Abi as a weanling in 1957. Bred by Lloyd and Mary Silva of Gold Hill, Oregon, Bay-Abi would later have a date with destiny when he was consigned in 1959 by Dr. Wes Hoskins to the first Arabian sale ever to be held at San Francisco's Cow Palace. A young Sheila Varian and her mother Wenonah decided to go take a look after viewing the sales catalogue, with a particular interest in seeing this young Polish colt. But whe n she got to his stall, she and Bay-Abi shared a moment that transcended pedigrees. "Bay-Abi looked me in the eye, and that was it for me," says Sheila. She purchased him for $1,100 that day. "I would give anything to see the sale agreement today, because one thing I do remember clearly
Scottsdale Arabian Horse Show News for Saturday, February 13, 2016
Today's Official Scottsdale Daily News is sponsored by Athala Arabians of Scottsdale, Arizona, owned by Athala King. You are invited to contact Athala to make an appointment to come out and visit her ranch in North Scottsdale. The ranch is surrounded by the peaceful Arizona desert, which is the perfect place for Athala to breed and enjoy life with her beautiful Arabian hose. Her herd includes straight Egyptian Arabians with horses relating to Ruminaja Ali, Imperial Imdal, Nabiel, Thee Desperado and other notable Egyptian sires. Athala has created a place of serenity and beauty, where her horses are treated with kindness and respect, and are appreciated for their historic value as well as for the contributions
Kahil Al Shaqab – First Impressions and Lasting influence
by Beth Ellen Hunziker I first saw the exciting stallion Kahil Al Shaqab at the 2014 World Arabian Horse Championships at the Salon du Cheval. Although I was watching the show on the video live feed, it seemed as though I could feel his energy and charisma halfway around the world. His flamboyant carriage, his gleaming mahogany coat, and his obvious connection with his handler, Giacomo Capacci, captivated me. It was a jubilant scene when Kahil was proclaimed the World Gold Champion Senior Stallion and representatives of his breeder and owner, Al Shaqab Member Qatar Foundation, joined him in center ring. Winning this title is the highest honor in the realm of Arabian horses and Kahil Al Shaqab was the newly
When Serafix Flew on a Plane with Trigger
The Crabbet-bred *Serafix arrived in New York on March 29, 1954, having hitched a ride with Trigger and his stunt double. Whether the red carpet treatment was for *Serafix or his movie star companion, it seemed fitting for the future sire of champions. #GreatMoments #Serafix "Great Moments" is a feel-good service of EvieInc Equine Social Media. www.EvieInc.net


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Baltimore County News
Baltimore County Public Library
For most of us, the library represents fond memories as a child. Whether it was getting your first library card, checking out stacks of children's books or listening intently to every word from the storyteller, the library was a special place that made us feel special, too! As we grew older, the library evolved along with us. During those tumultuous teenage years, the library was a refuge from our parents, a place to meet friends and to get homework assignments accomplished while giving us a sense of independence in a comfortable environment. As adults, we continued visiting the library for beach reads, to rent weekend DVDs and then eventually with our own children to relive our childhood memories and to begin making new ones. For many of us, the library shaped or changed our lives in one way or another.
National Library Week kicks off this Sunday, April 13, and continues through April 19. The theme for this year's celebration is "Lives Change @ Your Library." As part of the weeklong celebration, the Baltimore County Public Library (BCPL) is hosting a Facebook contest for folks to submit a photo and a caption that highlights how the library has changed his or her life. The selected top five entries will have their photos and captions up in lights on BCPL's electronic sign in Towson, and one lucky winner will receive a $100 VISA gift card. The contest runs through April 30, and all the details can be found on BCPL's Facebook page.
In addition to the Facebook contest, all of BCPL's 18 branches are celebrating with special events and giveaways throughout National Library Week. Please note the Parkville branch is currently closed through June for renovation. So, what are you waiting for? Come visit BCPL to make memories and discover how lives change @ your library. Don't forget to capture a photo or two for our Facebook page. For more information, please visit our website.
Revised April 6, 2016


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ROCKFORD (WIFR) -- CoCo Key is once again partnering with the U.S. Marine's Toys for Tots Foundation for their annual toy drive with "Toys for Tots Sundays." On Sundays for a limited time, guests can receive a $5 discount on up to four regular priced admissions to the indoor water park with a donation of a new, unwrapped toy.
"At CoCo Key, our motto is 'We make kids happy' and so we are very pleased to once again be partnering with the U.S. Marines Toys for Tots program," states Clock Tower General Manager Robert West. "With this partnership we not only get to make the guests happy with water park fun but we also get to help make the holidays a little brighter for the children who benefit from the Toys for Tots program," adds West.
"Toys for Tots Sundays" begins this Sunday, December 2 and goes through Sunday, December 23. The discount is taken on the regular admission price of $15 with a limit of four discounted admissions per donated item. All discounts must be applied at the time of donation, no credits or coupons will be offered.
For more information on the Rockford area Marine Toys for Tots visit www.toysfortots.org.
For more information about CoCo Key and "Toys for Tots Sundays" visit www.cocokeyrockford.com.


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Users commonly attempt to get around web usage policies by uninstalling, bypassing or switching-off the security in place. To counter this behavior, Webroot® uses a tamperproof Desktop Web Proxy (DWP) agent to transparently authenticate users and to make it impossible for them to turn-off or kill the web security. This ensures web use is directed through and monitored by the Webroot Web Gateway.
Unlike other authentication and directional proxy controls—such as flash cookies—users cannot circumvent the DWP. This approach ensures consistent enforcement of web policies whether users are in the office or at any other location.
The Webroot security service has integrated seamlessly with our network and has served as an additional resource, just like having an extra member of our team keeping an eye out for potential threats.
- Matthew Turany, Manager, Royal Flying Doctor Service
Once installed on users' computers, the Webroot DWP agent makes it possible to administer many aspects of the service remotely—from controlling which sites will not be filtered to transparently negotiating hot spots for roaming users. It also automatically configures the user's browser to direct all web traffic via Webroot data centers, or optionally switch to any on-site caching proxies already present inside your network.
The DWP agent automatically creates new users in the service, eliminating the need to manually enter users or synchronize with Active Directory*.
The DWP agent provides transparent user authentication with no user login required. This includes the ability to authenticate individual users into multi-tenant environments such as Citrix and Terminal Services.
It also automatically configures user endpoints to route all HTTP and HTTPS web traffic to the most optimal Internet access point regardless of geographic location. This feature further allows organizations to monitor and protect users outside the network without ever having to backhaul their traffic via a VPN.
In addition, the agent intelligently negotiates portals and hotspots, minimizing the need for mobile or remote user IT support. All agent updates are completely automatic while remaining under the full control of the administrator.
The DWP agent helps facilitate the scanning of memory on users endpoints to detect over 4,500 different forms of malware, helping to counter web malware threats that use this method of infection.


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Reviewed By Sandra W (Saint Helens, OR) —6/12/2013 10:12 PM
Great for traveling with your dog. The lid can be used for a bowl but may be too small for a large breed dog. Easy to open and load food into. Clear container makes it easy to see what's inside. Not sure the handle's durability will outlast the body but priced accordingly. Will buy another for carrying large dog biscuits so they do not get broken.


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William "Smokey" Robinson is born in Detroit, Michigan.
Smokey Robinson forms a group - first named the Matadors, then the Miracles - at Detroit's Northern High School.
"Got a Job," the first single by the Miracles, is released on the End label. Its release coincides with leader Smokey Robinson's eighteenth birthday.
Smokey Robinson marries fellow Miracle Claudette Robinson. The marriage will last twenty-seven years and yield two children, Berry and Tamla.
"Shop Around," credited to "The Miracles (featuring Bill "Smokey" Robinson)," is released. The first national hit for Berry Gordy's Tamla label, it tops the R&B chart for eight weeks.
Hi We're the Miracles, the first album by the Smokey Robinson-led group, is released.
The first live "Motortown Revue," featuring such Motown artists as the Miracles, opens in Boston.
"You've Really Got a Hold On Me," by the Miracles, enters R&B chart, where it will become the group's second Number One R&B hit.
"My Girl," written by Smokey Robinson and Ronnie White of the Miracles, becomes a #1 hit for the Temptations.
Going to a Go-Go, by Smokey Robinson and the Miracles, is released. It reaches #8 and yields four hits
The release of "The Love I Saw in You Was Just a Mirage" marks a change in artist credit from "The Miracles" to "Smokey Robinson and the Miracles." The song will peak at #20.
Greatest Hits, Vol.2, by Smokey Robinson and the Miracles, reaches #7. It will be the highest-peaking album of the group's career.
"The Tears of a Clown," by Smokey Robinson and the Miracles, reaches Number One for the first of two weeks.
Smokey Robinson and the Miracles' concert performances in Washington D.C. are recorded for the album 1957-1972, which ends Robinson's quarter century with the band he founded. Robinson graduates to a solo career, and the Miracles replace him with Billy Griffin.
Smokey Robinson's final single without the Miracles, "I Can't Stand to See You Cry," is released.
The Miracles' "Love Machine," the group's biggest hit of the post-Smokey Robinson era, reaches Number One.
A Quiet Storm, the third solo album by Smokey Robinson, is released. The title would be adapted as both the name of a radio format and a romantic subgenre of soul, as defined by Robinson.
The biggest hit of Smokey Robinson's solo career, "Being With You" (#1 R&B, #2 pop), is released.
Smokey Robinson is inducted into the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame at the second annual induction dinner. Daryl Hall and John Oates are his presenters.
Motown issues The 35th Anniversary Compilation, a four-CD overview of Smokey Robinson and the Miracles' remarkable career.
Smokey Robinson reunites with the Miracles to be honored at the eight annual Rhythm and Blues Foundation's Pioneer Awards in New York.
Smokey Robinson receives a Lifetime Achievement Award at the 41st annual Grammy Awards in Los Angeles.
Smokey Robinson releases Food for the Spirit, his first gospel album and first album of any kind in five years.


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The joy of a first birthday party. This little one enjoyed cake, ice cream and lots for fun with friends and family.
Lynn Jackson has always loved photography. For years if there was a special event, you could be sure that Lynn would remember to bring a camera. With the advent of digital photography, Lynn started to get serious about taking pictures. Digital photography made taking pictures so easy and more fun. In the last few years Lynn has grown more serious about her photography, and has expanded to include wedding photography, baby & bridal showers, retirement parties, company parties, birthday parties for children and adults and just about any celebration you can imagine. Photographing an event is the most fun you can have with strangers!
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God's Confirmation Published May 03, 2011
FIFTY-FIVE and FABULOS Published April 21, 2011
Our Celebration of Love Published December 23, 2010
Live, Love, Laugh, and Dance Bettye Underwood Lloyd Boone 60th Birthday Celebration Weekend May 7 - 8, 2010 - Memphis, TN Published July 10, 2010
A Celebration of Love Published July 08, 2010
Wyeth and Melody Our Wedding Rehearsal Dinner Published October 27, 2009
My Surprise 75th Birthday Party Published June 18, 2009
A Celebration of Friendship Published June 09, 2009


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A special component of the Miss Utah competition is called the Little Miss Program. Each contestant signs up to partner with a Little Miss participant. Girls, ages 5-9, have the opportunity to perform a group dance on stage and then individually escort their partner during the evening gown portion of the competition.
"Being here feels like you are a Miss Utah contestant," explained eight year old Isabel Hallows during a backstage interview. "My mom says I could be Miss Utah someday. She likes to help me. I won Mini Miss Spanish Fork in 2011, so my pageant career just started. I am really excited to keep going."
Another Little Miss preparing to twirl in front of the crowd is six year old Avery Evans, whose short dark hair stands out from among the gaggle of miniature pageant participants. Avery was diagnosed with Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia in April 2011. What has followed has been a whirlwind of treatment options and visits to the hospital.
Avery will be a part of the Miss Utah Pageant as an escort to Crystal Cardon (Miss Iron County), who proudly supports the platform of pediatric cancer. She has been active in awareness and fundraising efforts for the cause including the upcoming CureSearch Walk scheduled for September 29, 2012 in Sugarhouse Park.


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Local Pastor, Wilmington Police Department, Downtown Visions Lead Community Clean-up Event
Posted on 02/19/2013 3:03 pm
Over the weekend, several members of the local community came together to help clean up Downtown Wilmington.
The community clean-up event was spearheaded by Pastor Justin Barss of Wilmington Vineyard Church. The Wilmington Police Department and Downtown Visions also joined in the effort to help clean up the City.


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2015 Bill Woodul Race Mechanics Clinic Registration
Each year, USA Cycling hosts the Bill Woodul Race Mechanics Clinic at the U.S. Olympic Training Center in Colorado Springs, Colorado.
World-class race mechanics with national and international experience offers instruction on race support for all cycling disciplines. Attendees learn team and neutral support responsibilities and techniques, improve their understanding of top-end racing equipment, and increase their knowledge of bicycle theories and fundamentals.
Participants gain the knowledge necessary to provide support at Olympic trials, national championships and international races.
Please note that while some mechanical procedures are covered, this clinic will not teach you to be a bicycle mechanic. Participants are asked to have at least two years of work experience as a bicycle mechanic.
The 2015 Bill Woodul Race Mechanics Clinic will be held November 18-22.
For more information please contact James Stanfill at email@example.com or 831-440-7166.
Related Articles
- Race mechanics hone their skills at 2010 Bill Woodul Clinic - Dec 08, 2010
- 2011 Bill Woodul Race Mechanics Clinic overcomes snow - Dec 07, 2011
- Sixty mechanics earn right to carry USA Cycling Mechanics License - Dec 06, 2012


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Explore the Entrepreneurship.org Resource Center to find resources. Designed with entrepreneurs in mind, our resource center allows you to find materials to grow great ideas.
This article discusses the advantages and disadvantages of obtaining needed cash through external sources. It also discusses specific sources that typically contribute cash.
Raising money by selling equity to investors is a rare activity for companies, says CommonAngels' James Geshwiler. Not many CEOs get much practice or guidance on how to do this key task. This document is a sample template for entrepreneurs to use in pitching their companies to angel investors, and covers six main areas of risk and ability to generate return for investors.
Before building a detailed line-by-line budget, entrepreneurs should prepare a preliminary forecast, projecting estimates of the primary components of profitability--sales, cost of goods sold, and operating expenses.
This comprehensive guide to federal research and development grants is designed for entrepreneurs, and includes information about the SBIR/STTR programs as well as general grant proposal information. This guide is made available for public use with support from the Kauffman Foundation.
This tool guides the entrepreneur through the process of developing a preliminary forecast, which is used to judge the accuracy and reasonableness of financial figures prior to creating a detailed line-by-line budget.
Along with this sample Balance Sheet for a year old business, this tool provides a line-by-line explanation of the most common categories used to report the value of the company's assets, liabilities, and equity.
There are many ways to read financial statements. This information will add understanding to your own reading of your financial statements.
This article discusses cash and burn rate--that is how efficiently cash is used and how much cash is needed to operate day in and day out.
Use this checklist to evaluate all of your funding options and to consider alternative sources of funding.
This article discusses the steps involved in the process of raising money from the first handshake to the cash-in-hand.
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In researching her new book, The Nine Phases of Marriage: How to Make It, Break It, Keep It, Susan Shapiro Barash found 65 percent of women say they wouldn't marry their spouse if they could do it over again.
"It surprised me because it was more the seasoned wives who felt that," Barash tells More. "The really big deal breakers in terms of why they wouldn't get married again were attitudes about money, grown children, grandchildren and retirement . . . As we move through life we are not always as predictable as we think, and sometimes circumstances change."
We recently spoke with Barash about the hurdles mature married couples today face, and about the different expectations of boomer wives. Here's an edited version of her thoughts on some of the issues.
Reinvention. "The biggest issue for a boomer wife is that perhaps she took time out from her career and is now in a second career that she's really enjoying, she earns her own money, she has a tremendous wealth of women friends who seem more like-minded than her husband in some ways, and she doesn't feel as beholden. This is not her mother's marriage. The trajectory of a woman in the first half of the 20th century until the second wave of feminism, really, was that you were raised a good girl, who became a good wife, who became a good mother and a good grandmother if you were lucky, and then you died. That was the commitment and that was the arc. But it's so different today. You can reinvent yourself at any time; you have earning power at any age. A late-in-life divorce might be very much about what hasn't worked for a long time and just hitting your threshold, which is different from what we've seen in the recent past."
Retirement. "You can't always predict where life will lead after you retire or after your children are grown . . . You can't predict you're marrying someone who actually wants to quit his job and live in a Winnebago. You can't predict that your husband would be secretly relieved that he lost job in the downturn and that you're working now. Who knew your husband wanted to move 3,000 miles away from your married daughter who just had a little boy? These are the things women I interviewed for the book told me."
Dating options. "If the decision is to divorce, it's really interesting to see how many options there are. It used to be, I'm 58, who will want me? Or, how will I meet someone? But it's not like that anymore. There are so many ways to meet someone online, like Match.com, JDate, or eHarmony. I interviewed a woman who was widowed and in her eighties, and after her husband died, she said, that was it—she never found anyone again. But another woman in her eighties with whom I spoke told me her husband had died a few months ago and she was already dating two men. So there's this amazing optimism in women of different ages that we haven't seen before."
Grandparenting. "If you were a child-centric couple when your children were little and your marriage thrived during the shared time of parenting children, there's a great chance that having grandchildren will perpetuate that style of marriage. You were a great team as parents, and now you're a great team as grandparents. It's very much a shared value. Grandparents are so vital today. Sixty years ago the whole trajectory was different for a woman—lifespan, expectations, opportunities, everything."
Sex. "It's really important to keep the passion alive. Throughout the book, I write about time shared with your spouse and the level of commitment it takes as your priorities shift. You should always have time to have a nice social life together, to have interests in common, and if your interests aren't in common, to placate each other. But really take a look at how to preserve the commitment, how to keep infusing it with energy and interest—and that includes sex. We have sex a long time. Women like it; it isn't like it should just go away."
Expectations. "Women I interviewed for this book who were in their early sixties were so different about what they expected from their marriages than women who were in their late sixties. So much changed in the '60s . . . [But] the Gen X wife is very much invested in egalitarian marriage, very hopeful and really wanting a real partner in the marriage. A woman who is 35 or 40 has very high expectations that her husband will pull through for her. I think the reason the role of the wife has evolved and that the concept of marriage has evolved is because the Gen Xer has taken a look at her boomer mother or boomer coworker and has seen what has failed . . . Maybe you looked at your mother, and said, 'I don't really feel like ending up divorced, or in separate bedrooms but still married to my husband. I don't want to just drag him out for holidays and parties; I want a real friend.' Her mother may have wanted that, too, but didn't get it."


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Longitude: -80.5420 deg.
Latitude: 28.4805 deg.
First Launch: 1958.01.10.
Last Launch: 1967.11.05.
Number: 38 .
I live near the Cape on Merritt Island and have been here for about 41 years. I worked for the ARMA Corp that developed the Atlas Inertial Guidance System. I was in the Blockhouse at Complex 11 while a static test was performed on an Atlas Able on Complex 12. It did explode. Did it ever! After a couple of hours the six of us were allowed out of the blockhouse and saw all the damage to our complex...I had a tiny piece of that missile for a long time that somehow wound up on my person...labeled 9C.
The next Atlas Able would not fly until over a year later, using the Atlas D as the booster stage.
Ranger 7 reached the Moon on 31 July. The F-channel began its one minute warm up 18 minutes before impact. The first image was taken at 13:08:45 GMT at an altitude of 2110 km. Transmission of 4,308 photographs of excellent quality occurred over the final 17 minutes of flight. The final image taken before impact had a resolution of 0.5 meters. The spacecraft encountered the lunar surface in direct motion along a hyperbolic trajectory, with an incoming asymptotic direction at an angle of -5.57 degrees from the lunar equator. The orbit plane was inclined 26.84 degrees to the lunar equator. After 68.6 hours of flight, Ranger 7 impacted in an area between Mare Nubium and Oceanus Procellarum (subsequently named Mare Cognitum) at approximately 10.35 S latitude, 339.42 E longitude. Impact occurred at 13:25:48.82 GMT at a velocity of 2.62 km/s.
After a 228 day cruise, the spacecraft flew by Mars on July 14 and 15, 1965. Planetary science mode was turned on at 15:41:49 GMT on 14 July. The camera sequence started at 00:18:36 GMT on July 15 and 21 pictures plus 21 lines of a 22nd picture were taken. The images covered a discontinuous swath of Mars starting near 40 N, 170 E, down to about 35 S, 200 E, and then across to the terminator at 50 S, 255 E, representing about 1% of the planet's surface. The closest approach was 9,846 km from the Martian surface at 01:00:57 GMT 15 July 1965. The images taken during the flyby were stored in the onboard tape recorder. At 02:19:11 GMT Mariner 4 passed behind Mars as seen from Earth and the radio signal ceased. The signal was reacquired at 03:13:04 GMT when the spacecraft reappeared. Cruise mode was then re-established. Transmission of the taped images to Earth began about 8.5 hours after signal reacquisition and continued until 3 August. All images were transmitted twice to insure no data was missing or corrupt.
The spacecraft performed all programmed activities successfully and returned useful data from launch until 22:05:07 GMT on 1 October 1965, when the distance from Earth (309.2 million km) and the antenna orientation temporarily halted signal acquisition. In 1967 Mariner 4 returned to the vicinity of Earth again and engineers decided to use the ageing craft for a series of operational and telemetry tests to improve their knowledge of the technologies that would be needed for future interplanetary spacecraft. The cosmic dust detector registered 17 hits in a 15 minute span on 15 September, part of an apparent micrometeoroid shower which temporarily changed the spacecraft attitude and probably slightly damaged the thermal shield. On 7 December the gas supply in the attitude control system was exhausted, and on December 10 and 11 a total of 83 micrometeoroid hits were recorded which caused perturbation of the attitude and degradation of the signal strength. On 21 December 1967 communications with Mariner 4 were terminated.
The total data returned by the mission was 5.2 million bits. All experiments operated successfully with the exception of the ionization chamber/Geiger counter which failed in February, 1965 and the plasma probe, which had its performance degraded by a resistor failure on 6 December 1964. The images returned showed a Moon-like cratered terrain (which later missions showed was not typical for Mars, but only for the more ancient region imaged by Mariner 4). A surface atmospheric pressure of 4.1 to 7.0 mb was estimated and no magnetic field was detected.
Ranger 8 reached the Moon on 20 February 1965. The first image was taken at 9:34:32 GMT at an altitude of 2510 km. Transmission of 7,137 photographs of good quality occurred over the final 23 minutes of flight. The final image taken before impact has a resolution of 1.5 meters. The spacecraft encountered the lunar surface in a direct hyperbolic trajectory, with incoming asymptotic direction at an angle of -13.6 degrees from the lunar equator. The orbit plane was inclined 16.5 degrees to the lunar equator. After 64.9 hours of flight, impact occurred at 09:57:36.756 GMT on 20 February 1965 in Mare Tranquillitatis at approximately 2.67 degrees N, 24.65 degrees E. Impact velocity was slightly less than 2.68 km/s.
The pictures showed the rim and floor of the crater in fine detail: in those just prior to impact, objects less than a foot in size were discernible.
A panel of scientists presented some preliminary conclusions from Ranger IX at a press conference that same afternoon. Crater rims and ridges inside the walls, they believed, were harder and smoother than the moon's dusty plains, and therefore were considered likely sites for future manned landings. Generally, the panel was dubious about landing on crater floors however. Apparently, the floors were solidified volcanic material incapable of supporting a spacecraft. Investigators believed several types of craters were seen that were of nonmeteoric origin. These findings reinforced arguments that the moon at one time had experienced volcanic activity. Later the images were shown to the press as a continuous-motion movie, leading astronaut Wally Schirra to yell �bail out you fool!� just before the final frame.
The probe entered the atmosphere at a speed of 40,877 km (25,400 mph) and generated temperatures of about 11,206K (20,000 degrees F). Data on heating were transmitted to ground stations throughout the descent. Thirty-two minutes after the launch - and but six minutes after the Antares was fired - the device impacted in the Atlantic about 8,256 km (5,130 mi) southeast of the Cape.


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No. 4 WSU Advances to Sweet 16 for First Time Since 1941
Fourth-seeded Cougars knock off fifth-seeded Notre Dame
No. 21 Cougars Hold Off Ducks, 75-70
Washington State moves on to the Pac-10 Tournament semifinals.
Washington State 77, Gonzaga 67 - 12/5/06
Washington State 77, Gonzaga 67 - 12/5/06
Ranks on WSU career list in blocks (tied for third - 118), blocks average (seventh - 0.96 per game) and rebounds (11th - 584).
Played in 35 games including 34 starts...named All-Pacific-10 Defensive Team Honorable Mention...selected as Pac-10 Men's Basketball Scholar-Athlete of the Year...led WSU with 29 blocked shots...second on team in field goal percentage (.541)...third on WSU in rebounding (178, 5.1 per game)...averaged 7.3 points per game...scored in double figures nine times, leading the Cougars in scoring once...led WSU in rebounding 11 times and reached double figures twice...tied career high with 18 points on a career high eight made field goals at Baylor (Nov. 30)...recorded a double-double with 10 points and season highs of 11 rebounds and three blocks in helping WSU to their first win at Gonzaga (Dec. 5) in 30 years (Dec. 13, 1977)...grabbed 11 rebounds again at Oregon State (Feb. 14)...scored 10 points and pulled down eight rebounds in a season high 40 minutes of play during the 76-73 double-overtime win over Washington on `Senior Night' (March 8)...dropped in 14 points in the first round of the NCAA Tournament against Winthrop...followed with 12 points in WSU's second round win over Notre Dame...earned spot on Cougar senior class record list in blocked shots (ninth -29)...played in the DiGiorno College All-Star Game at San Antonio's Alamodome prior to the Final Four...his American All-Star Team fell to the National All-Stars, 106-100...named CoSIDA Academic All-District...earned Pacific-10 All-Academic First Team honors.
Started all 34 games...finished 16th in Pac-10 rankings and second on the team in rebounding with 5.4 per game...ranked third on the team in blocked shots (29) and field goal attempts (234)...pulled down 10 rebounds at Wisconsin-Milwaukee (Nov. 11)...recorded 16 points at Utah (Dec. 2)... poured in 17 points with eight rebounds in victory over San Diego State (Dec. 21)...scored game-high 16 points versus Arizona State (Jan. 4)...dropped in 11 points in win at California (Jan. 11)...tallied career-high 18 points and grabbed 11 rebounds for second career double-double in win over Oregon State (Jan. 25)...his 29 blocks raised his career total to 89 to rank tied for seventh on WSU's career list...1.02 career blocks per game ranks sixth in Cougar history... named to the Pacific-10 All-Academic First Team.
Missed first three games of the season due to a cracked right clavicle...started all 25 games in which he played...ranked sixth in the Pac-10 in blocked shots (1.32 per game) and 12th in rebounding with 5.1 per game...led team with 33 blocks...scored season-high 14 points at No. 9 Gonzaga (Dec. 8)...tallied 12 points at San Diego State (Dec. 10)...named game MVP in San Diego Slam...equaled season high with 14 points and added four assists vs. Utah (Dec. 22)...tied career high with three steals...recorded career-high five blocks and added 12 points at No. 10 Washington (Jan. 7)...notched 12 points and five boards against Oregon (Jan. 19)...tallied 13 points, and seven boards against Oregon State (Jan. 21)...tied career high with three steals...notched 11 points and had four assists at Stanford (Jan. 26)...recorded 13 points at California (Jan. 28)...was 5-for-5 at the line against USC (Feb. 11)...scored 11 points and grabbed a career-high 13 rebounds to mark his first career double-double...added four blocks...matched his career-high three steals, and recorded a career-high six assists at Oregon State (Feb. 16)...led the Cougars with 11 points and added five boards at Oregon (Feb. 18)...tallied 13 points, eight boards, three blocks, two assists, and a steal against Oregon (March 8) ... blocks average (1.32 bpg) ranks 10th on WSU single season list...ranks on WSU's sophomore single season list in several categories including blocks (second - 33), blocks average (second - 1.320), and free throw percentage (seventh - .794)...named to the Pacific-10 All-Academic First Team.
Played in each of WSU's 28 games, including 19 starts...earned Pacific-10 Conference All-Freshman honorable mention... had four games with 10 or more points...made WSU's last four points in final 1:20 of 55-54 win at Portland (Dec. 18)...recorded season-high seven rebounds at No. 10 Washington (Jan. 23)...equaled mark at Stanford (March 3)...added season/career-high 15 points against Cardinal... was 5-for-5 from the floor against USC (Feb. 5), placing him in a tie for first on WSU's freshman single-game list for field goal percentage...ranked on WSU's freshman single season list in several categories including blocks (second - 27), blocks average (second - 1.0), free throw attempts (eighth - 63), rebounds (eighth - 96), rebound average (eighth - 3.42), free throw percentage (ninth - .492), minutes played (10th - 670), field goal attempts (T-10th - 159), games played (T-10th - 28), and starts (T-10th - 19).
Earned three varsity letters at Westwood High School for coach Dennis Burton...named all-district each of his three varsity seasons...SENIOR season named first team all-region and second team All-State...made the all-tournament teams in the Round Rock Tournament, Pflugerville Tournament, and the Winter Invitational Tournament...named a Texas Association of Basketball Coaches All-Star after averaging 20 points per game, 13 rebounds per game, and three blocks per game.
Born Robert Warren Cowgill, Feb. 28, 1986 in San Francisco, Calif....father Mike Cowgill...mother Rebecca Johnson...older brother Graeme competed in swimming for the University of Texas...named to the all-academic team all three varsity seasons and the academic All-State team his senior season...enjoys playing cards, singing, and playing guitar...majoring in management and operations...WSU Honors College enrollee.
3-POINT REBOUNDS YEAR GP-GS FGM-FGA FG% FGM-FGA FG% FTM-FTA FT% OFF DEF TOT/AVG PF-DQ PTS AVG AST TO BLK STL MIN AVG 2005 28-19 68-159 .428 2-4 .500 31-63 .492 28 68 96/3.4 84-7 169 6.0 22 28 27 22 670 23.9 2006 25-25 90-201 .448 0-0 .000 50-63 .794 25 103 128/5.1 85-3 230 9.2 46 37 33 23 743 29.7 2007 34-34 110-234 .470 1-7 .143 54-79 .684 53 129 182/5.4 101-2 275 8.1 42 46 29 24 983 28.9 2008 35-34 105-194 .541 0-1 .000 45-66 .682 62 116 178/5.1 89-2 255 7.3 23 26 29 23 983 28.1 Career 122-112 373-788 .473 3-12 .250 180-271 .664 168 416 584/4.8 359-14 929 7.6 133 137 118 92 3379 27.7


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Main Content
- Actual piece of asphalt from the Daytona International Speedway
- Dimensions: W 4.5" x H 6.75" x D 2"
- Handsome black base
- Made in USA
- Officially licensed
- Seal of authentication
- Made in the USA
Special event items are produced by manufacturers only after the outcome of a game or event. These are advanced sale items and will ship immediately after they are received in our warehouse.
Manufacturer direct items are shipped directly from the manufacturer. These items are not available for international or expedited shipping.
Customized items can be personalized with options such as your name, your favorite number, and/or designs. Some options may be limited by league rules.


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Guessed or visible temporary file
This is a Vulnerability. To view all vulnerabilities, please see the Vulnerability Category page.
Last revision (mm/dd/yy): 09/25/2008
Vulnerabilities Table of Contents
On some operating systems, the fact that the temp file exists may be apparent to any user.
Confidentiality: Since the file is visible and the application which is using the temp file could be known, the attacker has gained information about what the user is doing at that time.
Exposure period
- Requirements specification: The choice could be made to use a language or library that is not susceptible to these issues.
- Implementation: If one must use his own temp file implementation, many logic errors can lead to this condition.
- Languages: All languages which support file input and output.
- Operating platforms: This problem exists mainly on older operating systems and cygwin.
Required resources
Likelihood of exploit
Since the file is visible, the application which is using the temp file could be known. If one has access to list the processes on the system, the attacker has gained information about what the user is doing at that time. By correlating this with the applications the user is running, an attacker could potentially discover what a user's actions are. From this, higher levels of security could be breached.
Risk Factors
In C\C++:
FILE *stream; char tempstring[] = "String to be written"; if( (stream = tmpfile()) == NULL ) { perror("Could not open new temporary file\n"); return (-1); } /* write data to tmp file */ /* ... */ _rmtmp();
In cygwin and some older unixes one can ls /tmp and see that this temp file exists.
In Java:
try { File temp = File.createTempFile("pattern", ".suffix"); temp.deleteOnExit(); BufferedWriter out = new BufferedWriter(new FileWriter(temp)); out.write("aString"); out.close(); } catch (IOException e) { }
This temp file is readable by all users.
Related Attacks
Related Vulnerabilities
Related Controls
- Requirements specification: Many contemporary languages have functions which properly handle this condition. Older C temp file functions are especially susceptible.
- Implementation: Try to store sensitive tempfiles in a directory which is not world readable - i.e., per user temp files.
- Implementation: Avoid using vulnerable temp file functions.
Related Technical Impacts


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May 22 Calendar
Published: Wednesday, May 22, 2013 at 12:30 a.m.
Last Modified: Tuesday, May 21, 2013 at 5:34 p.m.
Bring Calendar information to 30 E. First Ave., email it to email@example.com, or mail it to The Calendar, The Dispatch, P.O. Box 908, Lexington, 27293 so it is at The Dispatch one week prior to its publication date. Include an address for the event. Events listed below are in Lexington, unless otherwise noted. For publication of church and nonprofit yard sales, please call classified advertising at 249-1637.
Looking for something fun for your kids this summer? Check out the J. Smith Young YMCA Summer Specialty Camps. Sign-ups are underway for basketball, soccer, zumbatomic, boot camp, youth art & fitness and more. For what's new visit our website www.lexingtonymca.com. or call the Y at 249-2177.
The DavidsonWorks Workforce Development Board meeting will be held at 8 a.m. Thursday at Davidson County Community College, Mendenhall Building, Room 226.
Reader comments posted to this article may be published in our print edition. All rights reserved. This copyrighted material may not be re-published without permission. Links are encouraged.


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From public to competitive skating…from birthday to corporate parties….Ice Palace has you covered. Oahu's local landmark has been entertaining and treating guests to the joys of Ice Skating for nearly 30 years! Come check us out for a public skating session to see all that we have to offer.
Top News


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Welcome to the SWISS-MODEL Repository
The SWISS-MODEL Repository is a database of annotated three-dimensional comparative protein structure models generated by the fully automated homology-modelling pipeline SWISS-MODEL.
List of model organisms regularly updated in Repository
The proteomes of the following organisms are regularly updated in SWISS-MODEL Repository. A reference proteome is the complete proteome of a representative, well-studied model organism or an organism of interest for biomedical research. Reference proteomes are retrieved from the UniProt database.
Statistics based on UniProt release 2015_10


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Hymns - especially our old favorites - have the power to move and comfort each time we hear them. Let your soul and heart be stirred through the beauty of these treasured hymns!
See "Details" for track listing.
Copyright © 1995-2016 Lehman Hardware and Appliances Inc, All Rights Reserved. Designated trademarks are the property of their respective owners. Use of this Web site constitutes acceptance of the Lehmans User Agreement and Privacy Policy


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My sister one the one that recommended that I try these, as she's a big fan of them herself. SweetTarts are something I only ate at Halloween, as they are pretty standard trick-or-treating fare. They were something that never struck me as anything special, and I'd always go for chocolate when given an option. I saw this bag of the chewy mini version and liked the idea of it. If I'm going to try something, why not go for the kind that seems more like fun?
The SweetTart minis are indeed small, about the size of pencil eraser heads. The colors are much more muted than I expected: very washed out and lightly flecked with white. There's five flavors in the assortment: grape, apple, cherry, orange and lemon. Pretty standard flavors as you can see. Nothing off the wall or wacky here, which I strange for a Wonka product.
The chewy texture is odd, as they're a little crunchy and a little chewy. Neither texture is substantial enough for me to feel like describing them as such though . Perhaps they are chewy in regard to the original candy, so it's all really relative I think. You feel a hard crunch when you first bite down on the hard outer panned shell. The inside feels grainy and a little fluffy. The mini is chewy for maybe 5-15 chomps, but then it just dissolves into sugar bits after that. It is fun to play with them in your mouth though, so I give them points for that.
Grape: Nice grape flavor, not unlike grape soda. At first it tastes muted and then it's overtaken by the "tart" part.
Cherry: Has a very medicinal flavor at first, then the tartness comes in and it becomes more fruity and authentic. Cherry lovers won't be disappointed.
Orange: Very bright, sweet and a little reminiscent of Tang. Not as zesty as I was expecting.
Lemon: Hardly any flavor to this, which I find so disappointing! I kept waiting for some nice sour lemon flavors to come forward, but nothing. I don't even get a tart with this one. It's just mild and sweet. Too sweet for lemon.
Apple: Very juicy and floral. It's really one of the best green apple flavors I've had to date. The tart was complimentary and it's very nice.
The flavors of the chewy SweetTart minis were impressive even though the texture wasn't. I suppose I should just stick to the original next time, right?
Rating:Might Eat Again
Wonka Website