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Ranked among the nation's most integrated healthcare systems, Community Health Network is Central Indiana's leader in providing convenient access to exceptional healthcare services, where and when patients need them—in hospitals, health pavilions, workplaces, schools and homes.
There are thousands of varieties of mushrooms in North America, but only about 100 are poisonous and can be dangerous if eaten by humans. However, unless you are an expert at identifying mushrooms, it is difficult to tell a poisonous mushroom from one that is not poisonous. Children, particularly, are victims of mushroom poisoning.
Signs that a mushroom might be poisonous include the following:
The following are the most common symptoms of mushroom poisoning. However, each individual may experience symptoms differently. Early symptoms include feeling sick, stomach cramps, vomiting, and watery or bloody diarrhea. If your child has any of these symptoms, call your child's physician immediately.
Collect the mushroom your child was eating. Carefully dig up a few mushrooms, complete with underground parts, to help with the identification. If there is more than one kind of mushroom around your child, collect all of the different kinds.
Call your child's physician, the local poison control center, or the hospital emergency room. They will ask you questions about your child and give you appropriate instructions. Also, bring the mushrooms you have collected with you to the emergency room.
The physician will check the child's vital signs and consult a local mushroom expert to determine whether or not the mushroom is poisonous and whether any other treatment is necessary.
Click here to view the
Online Resources of Non-Traumatic Emergencies
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Rated 4.5 out of 5 by 2 reviewers.
Rated 5 out of 5 by KLUD Looks great and functional I was happy with this piece. I put it in our small entry area. We can write messages to each other, reminders, grocery list etc. plus use the basket to store things. I would not have paid full price for this piece. I bought on sale for almost 50% off, so I was pleased. February 12, 2015
Rated 4 out of 5 by CarenV Useful board I wanted this board so bad, but was unwilling to pay full price for it. I was very happy to get it on sale. I use it weekly for meal planning. I just wish there was a spot to put the chalk since the holder on the bottle is pretty big, it's hard to get your hand all the way to the bottom. Overall, I am very happy with the purchase! June 20, 2013
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subset: commoncrawl


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Ranked among the nation's most integrated healthcare systems, Community Health Network is Central Indiana's leader in providing convenient access to exceptional healthcare services, where and when patients need them—in hospitals, health pavilions, workplaces, schools and homes.
The key to an allergy free diet is to avoid foods or products containing the food to which you are allergic.
Eggs are a commonly used food that may cause food sensitivity reactions. Persons with egg sensitivity may not find it difficult to eliminate visible eggs, but may not be aware of the variety of food products that contain eggs. In order to avoid foods that contain eggs, it is important to read food labels.
Biscuits made from egg-free baking powder
Crackers and homemade breads made with allowed ingredients
All cereals and grains, such as rice
Zwieback, soda crackers, bread crumbs, and pretzels
Egg noodles or pasta
Baking mixes, fritter batter or batter-fried foods, French toast
Fried rice containing eggs
Any commercial bread or bread product made with egg products or brushed with egg for glazing
Fruit whips
Meats breaded and fried with egg-free breading
Commercially breaded meats, fish, or poultry
Meatballs, meat loaf, croquettes, some sausages
Cheese, cottage cheese, or yogurt
Pudding, custard, or ice cream
Turtle or mock turtle soup, egg drop soup, any soup with egg noodles or macaroni
Prepared entrees or combination foods that contain eggs in any form
Homemade desserts prepared with allowed ingredients
Hard candy
Chocolate candy made with cream or fondant fillings, marshmallow candy, divinity, fudge, icing or frostings, chocolate sauce
Dessert powders
Pie crust or jelly beans brushed with egg whites
Fat-free desserts made with Simplesse™
Tartar sauce
Fat-free products made with Simplesse™
Carbonated beverages
Salt, spices
Hollandaise sauce, tartar sauce, marshmallow sauce
Baking powder containing egg white or egg albumin
Any product made with Simplesse™
Be sure to avoid foods that contain any of the following ingredients:
Caution should be used if consuming these products.
For each egg, one of the following may be substituted in recipes:
Click here to view the
Online Resources of Allergy & Asthma
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[kml_flashembed movie="http://www.youtube.com/v/WnDgO5-RhRE" width="550" height="445" allowfullscreen="true" fvars="fs=1" /]
Roy Ayers is a truly prolific musician. His reach as an artist has been expansive and profound, from his timeless original pieces to the mass influence his music has had over hip hop and modern soul music. The Roy Ayers Project aims to tell the story of this incredible talent through documentary, performance, music, and interviews. Peep the trailer that dropped recently featuring Rich Medina, Questlove, DJ Premier, Ski Beatz, Andre Torres, Houseshoes, and Ndugu Chancler.


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La Monnaie ¦ Recitals ¦ Véronique Gens ¦ Intro
Véronique Gens
Invitation au voyage
The soprano Véronique Gens is a specialist in the Baroque period and Mozart, whose performance in Iphigénie en Aulide and as Vitellia in La Clemenza di Tito we recently enjoyed at La Monnaie. She is not only renowned for her charisma and distinctive voice in opera but also in song recitals. Here she gathers together some of the most beautiful and delicate French songs from the end of the 19th century: Fauré's Le Papillon et la fleur, Debussy's Nuit d'étoiles, Le Printemps by Hahn, not forgetting the famous Invitation au voyage by Duparc adapted from Baudelaire and La Chanson bien douce by Chausson, adapted from Verlaine. So many musical and literary jewels polished by the sparkling voice of Véronique Gens whose vibrant style covers the whole gamut of feelings. She is accompanied by the pianist Susan Manoff in this recital where the art of suggestion is at its peak.
Come together and get a treat
>> Info & tickets : MM Box Office - Rue Léopold 23, 1000 Brussels / 02 229 12 11 / firstname.lastname@example.com
© Marc Ribes


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It's called a "living trust", they are most commonly used to avoid paying death taxes and going through probate. They are similar to a corporation, a "legal person" that can own property. Real flesh and blood people are known as "natural persons" in legalese. Normally all it takes is filing some paperwork with your state to set one up, a lawyer is definitely recommended although some Will writing software includes trust setup forms.
The requirement for a local LE "signoff" is the major stumbling block to NFA ownership for most people. If your local chief or sheriff doesn't want to approve youir application going the trust or corp route cuts him out of the process.
In a traditional living trust situation the person transfers all their assets to it and names their heirs as in line to control the trust after their death. Thus, when they die no will or probate needs to be processed, the control of the trust automatically transfers to the next person in line.
In regards to NFA items the trust or corporation can own property including NFA items. Since a "legal person" can't have a police record the trust or corp does not have to get the permission of local law enforcement to own NFA items.


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ZF-8668: Zend_File_Transfer: Adapter does not extend Zend_File_Transfer_Adapter
When instantiating an instance of Zend_File_Transfer, the following exception is thrown:
Zend_File_Transfer_Exception: Adapter Zend_File_Transfer_Adapter_Http does not extend Zend_File_Transfer_Adapter' in /path/to/Zend/File/Transfer.php on line 56
As of ZF 1.9.6, there is no Zend_File_Transfer_Adapter. Instead, the adapters need to extend Zend_File_Transfer_Adapter_Abstract. The attached patch fixes the condition and exception message to reflect this.
Change the reference from Zend_File_Transfer_Adapter to Zend_File_Transfer_Adapter_Abstract.
This proposed patch is replaced by the patch in ZF-8869.
Closing in lieu of ZF-8869.
Please don't close issues where you are wether the maintainer nor the component lead.
Duly noted. In the meantime, would you close this ticket on my behalf since ZF-8669 supersedes this issue. Going forward, I will be sure to be more thoughtful when creating patches. :)
Closing as fixed since more than 2 weeks (r21201).


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Whether you snapped a picture of a business boarding up before the storm or the flooding during Sandy's arrival or the damage she caused, we want to see them.
Send your storm photos, with your name and where the photo was taken, to firstname.lastname@example.com and we'll publish as many as we can on our web site and in the newspaper.
We welcome and appreciate the community's help in documenting this storm.
Location, ST | website.com


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Plant Genome Research Program (PGRP)
The PGRP solicitation is currently under revision. It is anticipated that the new solicitation will be released in spring 2016 with a projected target due date of early fall. The Program expects the new solicitation will include focus areas for research similar to those described in the 2015 solicitation. Please contact email@example.com or any PGRP Program Director if you have questions or would like to learn more about the Plant Genome Research Program.
2015 PGRP Panel: Proposal Recommendations
This message is an update about the review of proposals submitted to the NSF 15-548 PGRP solicitation. Nearly all decline recommendations have been processed to-date. The PGRP Program Directors are currently notifying PIs under consideration for funding by phone or by email. Some proposals are also being held for possible funding, pending availability of funds. Please contact the PGRP Program Directors if you have any questions. Thank you very much for your patience!
Important Announcement
The Dear Colleague Letter for Developing Country Collaborations in Plant Genome Research, which announced the intention to support research collaborations between US scientists and scientists in developing countries as part of ongoing or new Plant Genome Research Program awards, is currently being revised.
|Diane Jofuku Okamuro
|Anne W. Sylvester
|Timothy Nelson
|C. Eduardo Vallejos
Solicitation 15-548
Important Information for Proposers
A revised version of the NSF Proposal & Award Policies & Procedures Guide (PAPPG) (NSF 16-1), is effective for proposals submitted, or due, on or after January 25, 2016. Please be advised that, depending on the specified due date, the guidelines contained in NSF 16-1 may apply to proposals submitted in response to this funding opportunity.
This program is a continuation of the Plant Genome Research Program (PGRP) that began in FY 1998 as part of the National Plant Genome Initiative (NPGI). Since the inception of the NPGI and the PGRP, there has been a tremendous increase in the availability of functional genomics tools and sequence resources for use in the study of key crop plants and their models. Proposals are welcomed that build on these resources to develop conceptually new and different ideas and strategies to address grand challenge questions in plants of economic importance on a genome-wide scale. There is also a critical need for the development of novel and creative tools to facilitate new experimental approaches or new ways of analyzing genomic data. Especially encouraged are proposals that provide strong and novel training opportunities integral to the research plan and particularly across disciplines that include, but are not limited to, plant physiology, plant breeding, quantitative genetics, biochemistry, bioinformatics and engineering.
Activities in four focus areas will be supported in FY 2015: (1) Genomics-empowered plant research (RESEARCH-PGR) to tackle fundamental questions in plant sciences on a genome-wide scale; (2) Development of tools and resources for plant genome research (TOOLS-PGR) including novel technologies and analysis tools to enable discovery; (3) Mid-Career Investigator Awards in Plant Genome Research (MCA-PGR) to increase participation of investigators trained primarily in fields other than plant genomics; and, (4) Early Career Investigator Awards in Plant Genome Research (ECA-PGR) to increase the participation of early-career scientists in plant genome research.
Proposals addressing these opportunities are welcomed at all scales, from single-investigator projects through multi-investigator, multiinstitution projects, commensurate with the scope and scale of the work proposed. The PGRP encourages proposals from investigators and institutions that have not participated in the program before.
Basic Research to Enable Agricultural Development
Developing Country Collaborations in Plant Genome Research (DCC-PGR)
Postdoctoral Research Fellowships in Biology
PGR Staff Directory
Postdoctoral Research Fellowships in Biology (PRFB)
PGR Reports
Achievements of the National Plant Genome Initiative and New Horizons in Plant Biology
Plant Genome Database (PlantGDB)
Plant Genomics Research Outreach Portal (PGROP)
Video: Secrets of Plant Genomes revealed
Basic Research to Enable Agricultural Development (BREAD) Program
BREAD Ideas Challenge Dear Colleague Letter
Additional Funding Opportunities for the DBI Community
Additional Funding Opportunities for the DEB Community
Additional Funding Opportunities for the MCB Community
What Has Been Funded (Recent Awards Made Through This Program, with Abstracts)


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Gardening Articles: Flowers :: Bulbs
Growing Edible Flowers in Your Garden (page 3 of 3)
by Charlie Nardozzi
A Few Tasty Tree and Shrub Flowers
Yes, even trees and shrubs produce edible flowers. Here are a few of the best.
- Apple (Malus) has white to pink colored flowers with a floral to slightly sour taste.
- Elderberry (Sambucus) has white, sweet tasting flowers.
- Hibiscus (Hibiscus rosa-sinensis) has orange, red or purplish red colored flowers with cranberry and citrus overtones that?s slightly acidic.
- Linden (Tilia) has white to yellow colored flowers with a honey-like flavor.
- Lilac (Syringa) has fragrant white, pink, purple or lilac colored flowers with a slightly bitter, lemony flavor.
- Honeysuckle (Lonicera) features white, yellow, pink or red honey flavored flowers.
- Plum (Prunus) pink to white colored flowers with a mild flavor like flower nectar.
- Rose (Rosa) has white, pink, yellow, red or orange with a highly perfumed, sweet to bitter flavor.
Some Flowers to Avoid
While eating flowers is fun and flavorful, be careful. There are a number of poisonous plants containing substances that can cause symptoms such as upset stomachs, rashes and headaches. And even edible flowers should be eaten in moderation. You can have too much of a good thing.
Some common landscape and flowering plants that you should avoid eating the blooms include: clematis, hydrangea, sweet peas, azalea, daffodils, daphne, lily-of-the-valley, fox-glove, bleeding hearts, rhododendron, wisteria, oleander, lupine, hyacinth, four-o'clock, calla lily and castor bean. This is by no means an exhaustive list of non-edible flowers and you should thoroughly research any flower before munching away.
How to Gather Edible Flowers
Like any fruit or vegetable, when and how you harvest can influence the quality of the food. Harvesting should occur early or late in the day, when the blossoms are coolest. Sugars and volatile oils -- the basis for aroma and flavor -- are highest before heat and photosynthesis converts them into starch.
Flowers should be picked and placed in a shaded basket without crushing. Most blossoms should be harvested at or near opening. Cull blemished blossoms. Gently clean off any dirt or bugs and store clean blossoms in a hard container in the refrigerator to prevent crushing.
Before using, gently wash the flowers and remove the stamens and styles (insides of the flower) before eating. Flower pollen can detract from the flavor and some people are allergic to it.
Not all parts of all flowers are edible. While flowers such as violas, violets, scarlet runner beans, honeysuckle, and clover are entirely edible, for some flowers, such as rose, calendula, tulip, chrysanthemum, yucca, and lavender, only the petals are edible. Pluck the petals of these flowers for use in salads and cooking. For most flowers, except violas and pansies, the sepals (parts below the petals) are not tasty and should be removed before eating. Some flowers such as roses, dianthus, English daisies, signet marigolds, and chrysanthemums have a bitter white portion at the base of the petals where it was attached to the flower that should be removed.
With a little effort, you can harvest beautiful, delicious flowers as you pick other herbs and vegetables to dazzle your friends and family at dinner time.


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- Binoculars
- Spotting Scopes
- Tripods & Mounts
- Monoculars & More
- Hot Deals
Sales / Product Support
Returns / Repairs
(877) 999-0094
Eagle Optics Quick Links
The Platinum Protection warranty offers unlimited, unconditional, transferable protection of your Eagle Optics product.
Our Eagle Optics technicians will determine whether your binocular or scope should be repaired or replaced with a product of similar value and/or specifications.
Download and include the Eagle Optics Service Request Form.


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This week, we'll be featuring tips from experts in the know on all kinds of topics from nutrition to fitness to fashion. Today, President-Elect and Spokesperson for the American Academy of Pediatric Dentistry (AAPD), Rhea M. Haugseth, DMD shares three important things you should do to keep baby's pearly whites healthy.
1. Schedule a dental visit as soon as baby's first tooth appears, or by his first birthday. The AAPD encourages parents and caregivers to "Get it Done in Year One."
2. After baby has nursed or taken a bottle, wipe his mouth and gum pads with a gauze pad or washcloth to remove the milk and bacteria present in his mouth. Milk contains lactose, a natural sugar that can lead to decay in baby teeth once they erupt. As soon as your tot has teeth, use a toothbrush and floss to clean them after each feeding.
3. Ensure you and your spouse maintain good oral hygiene. Bacteria from active decay in a parent's mouth can be passed on to baby through kissing, sharing spoons and blowing on food. By keeping their own mouths healthy, parents can lessen the chance of infection in baby's.
For more info and helpful tools pertaining to infant oral care, visit aapd.org.


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When you sign out of Windows, all of the apps you were using are closed, but the PC isn't turned off. Another person can sign in without needing to restart the PC—but even if someone else turns off the PC, your info won't be lost.
You also don't necessarily have to sign out of Windows. You can lock the PC instead, and other people can still sign in to their accounts from the sign-in screen.
"Sign in to" and "sign out of" mean the same as "log on to" and "log out from," respectively.
Open Start by swiping in from the right edge of the screen (or if you're using a mouse, pointing to the upper-right corner of the screen and moving the mouse pointer down), and then tapping or clicking Start.
Tap or click your account picture in the upper-right corner, and then choose Sign out.
Swipe up from the bottom edge of the screen (or press any key if you're using a keyboard) to dismiss the lock screen.
In the sign-in screen, sign in to your PC using the method of your choice.
If you want to sign in with a different account than the one shown on the sign-in screen, tap or click the Back button and choose an account. If you're prompted to press Ctrl+Alt+Delete, do so.
To pick a different sign-in method, tap or click Sign-in options to see the available choices.
You can also switch to a different user account without signing out of Windows.
Tap or click your account picture in the upper-right corner, and then do one of the following:
If you see the user account you want to sign in with, tap or click that account.
If you don't see the account you want to use, tap or click Switch accounts. You can then sign in with an existing account or create a new one.
See all support pages for security, privacy, & accounts.
Ask a question in the
community forums.


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Rated 3.3 out of 5 by 3 reviewers.
Rated 4 out of 5 by PCR Pav Nice lights They look nice in any room! January 24, 2011
Rated 4 out of 5 by StuckInIowa Beautiful and Functional I bought two sets of these lights at World Market and they work wonderfully. It did take me a minute to figure out how to put them together, but once I got it it was fine! The only con I would give these lights is that I was timid at first when putting them together- I was afraid I was going to break them. I got over that putting together two sets of them- and not a single one broke! I have them up on half of my dorm room, circling a display of candles and silk flowers. Everyone that sees it thinks it is gorgeous! December 12, 2008
Rated 2 out of 5 by AB Nice lights, but not so durable I've purchased similar lights from World Market in the past and they were of better quality than these. The metal frames on these were poorly soldered and some soldering joints failed (broke) when attaching the paper shades, meaning that the shades could not be used on the broken frames. July 22, 2008
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Think like the experts: The powerful Bash shell provides a comprehensive collection of utilities for configuring and troubleshooting Linux systems.
Before the icons, menus, and wobbly windows of the modern Linux user environment, users managed and interacted with their systems from the command line. Many advanced users still prefer to work from the keyboard, and many will tell you that exploring the command-line environment is the best way to build a deeper understanding of Linux.
The Linux Shell Handbook is a thorough primer on the Bourne Again Shell (Bash) environment found on most Linux systems. You'll learn to navigate, manipulate text, work with regular expressions, and customize your Bash settings. We'll show you shell utilities for configuring hardware, setting up users and groups, managing processes, and installing software – and we'll even help you get started creating your own Bash scripts to automate recurring tasks. Keep the Linux Shell Handbook beside your computer as a permanent desktop reference on the world of the terminal window.
Learning file management commands
Getting started with Bash scripting
Also in this must-have special issue:
- Introducing Bash
- File Management
- Search Tools
- Regular Expressions
- Pipes and Redirection
- Text Manipulation Tools
- Customizing Bash
- Hardware Configuration
- fdisk and parted
- Configuring Filesystems
- Time Tools
- mount and fstab
- Users and Groups
- Accessing Permissions
- Su and Sudo
- Managing Processes
- Apt-get
- Yum
- dd and genisoimage
- Networking Tools
- Rsync
- Wireless Tools
- Cron and At
- Images and PDFs
Additional Information
|Delivery time
|It could take up to 4 weeks depending on your delivery region
You may also be interested in the following product(s)
Linux Pro Magazine Special #10 - Digital Issue
$15.99Incl. VAT, Excl. shipping
Linux Pro Magazine Trial - Subscription (3 issues)
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ADMIN Trial Subscription - 2-issue Print Subscription
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A Flexible Approach to Higher Education
Our highly respected degree programs put you on the path to your next promotion, your
next career, even your next salary increase. Please join us for an information session
at one of our St. Louis area campus locations.
You still have time. Register below.


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Check out our featured species and habitats in our Wildlife Library and Wild Places. Also, don't miss more animal fun and articles from Ranger Rick and Ranger Rick Jr.
In the United States, there are over 230 amphibians, over 280 reptiles and approximately 800 species of fish.
Over 800 birds occur in the United States. Some live here year-round, others migrate to the United States seasonally, while others only stop in on their migratory routes to other countries.
There are over 140,000 invertebrates in the United States--a number that is growing as researchers identify more and more species.
The United States has over 410 mammal species. Of those mammals, over 80 species are listed on the Endangered Species List.
More than 16,000 native plant species inhabit the United States ranging from tiny wildflowers to the world's tallest trees.
South Carolina's Kiawah Island is home to one of the United States' densest bobcat populations
Coyotes and poaching threaten the only U.S. red wolf population, but NWF and its North Carolina affiliate are helping to save them
Check out these easy-to-reach spots to watch sea turtles lay eggs on beaches in the southeastern United States
Equipped with adaptations for keeping cool, birds still can use some help from humans during the long, hot summer
Chandler Robbins created an annual volunteer bird survey that is now the best source of population trends for hundreds of species


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About Me
- Thongwatching
- This site is about celebrities and their underwear. It also includes movie news, celebrity news and celebrity gossip. While we mock celebrities we do so with tongue firmly in cheek. We do not intend to offend or insult. The content of this site is nothing ruder than you would find in a mens magazine. While we show pictures of celebrities in their pants, we do not, and will never, display nudity or link to any sites that contain nudity. If members wish to see any of the movie scenes we have highlighted, we ask they purchase the movies and do not download them elsewhere. We do not, and will never host scenes from movies or link to places that do. While pictures are shown on this blog, the copywrites are reserved with their respective owners and will be removed immediately upon request.


text: ""I Walk the Line" was the first song of his I ever heard. My aunt and uncle owned the record, and my cousin Wanda and I would wait until my mother left the house, and then we'd play it really loud. But I can't remember the very first time I heard "I Walk the Line." To me it was simply a part of the world as I knew it - like a part of nature. More like air and like water than like a song that someone, some man, actually sat down and wrote, and sang. "I Walk the Line" was a hit in November of 1956 - that's about a year before I was born - so it really is a part of the world that I know. But that's the way it seems with great songs and great artists. Their impact on people is such that you can't imagine what the world would be like or sound like without them. He was born in rural Arkansas in 1932, he moved to Detroit in his early teens, he joined the Airforce where he became a radio operator. After the Airforce, he moved to Memphis, where he made his first recordings for Sam Phillips and for Sun Records in 1955. It was there and then when the world of music began to feel his impact, as he wrote and recorded songs like "Cry, Cry, Cry," "Hey Porter," and "I Walk the Line." He helped show the world what happens when rural sensibilities and values mix with an urban environment. Over the years he's demonstrated a broad musical perspective, never being afraid to record songs of social commentary, and always being eager to seek out new songs from talented young songwriters such as Bob Dylan, Kris Kristofferson, and Bruce Springsteen. He's had 48 songs on the pop charts, 135 on the country charts, and he's sold more than 50 million records. His music, his artistry, his point of view helped form and define what we know as rock and roll. This is the biggest deal of my life. It's a great honor for me to present to you, and to the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame, Johnny Cash. "


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Spotlight for Career Services ProfessionalsApril 16, 2014by Megan Wolleben
If a picture is worth a thousand words, what is a video worth? Gold it seems these days. Recent data from ByteMobile shows that "Online video now accounts for 50 percent of all mobile traffic and up to 69 percent of traffic on certain networks."
In addition, an October 2013 report by Pew Research Center's Internet & American Life Project found that not only does online video consumption continue to grow, but the most likely group to watch videos online are college-educated people between 18 and 29 years old. Furthermore, the most popular videos watched include comedy, education, and how-to.
It seems to me that career centers are in the sweet spot for these stats; we've got the most likely group to watch videos online and our material can easily hit the most popular topics. One thing we don't always have is time and resources, so here are a few easy ways you can incorporate video into your offerings:
If you want something with a bit more depth, but don't have the time to film one (and honestly, who does?) look into your current career center subscriptions, for instance The Vault, which has a video section that you can pull from (and/or point your students to). Some services give you the option to share via various social media or grab the url.
I can't wait to start using video more myself, and see ways career centers and employers start using it as well! Happy recording.
Megan Wolleben is assistant director at the Bucknell University Career Development Center.
JobplaceNACE Blog: http://blog.naceweb.org/
NACE's Tweets: @NACE.org
Contact NACE Staff
NACE's Newsletter: Spotlight
©2016 National Association of Colleges and Employers. All rights reserved.


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I've heard of these Cream Nut Clusters long before I ever found them to try. Like yesterday's Tronky bar, they were something I discovered in the DiBruno Bros. store and as soon as I saw them, I snatched them us as if there were the last bit of food on earth. Yes, I was that excited to try them.
The Cream Nut Peanut Butter Clusters are made by Koeze Company, who specializes in making the infamous Cream Nut Peanut Butter. I've heard it's the best peanut butter out there, but I haven't tried it myself. As if my opinions on peanut butter on a candy blog would matter, anyways. These clusters use that peanut butter, blend it with white chocolate to make a creamy center, then layer it on fresh pecans before covering it all in dark chocolate. I'm drooling already.
They look similar to caramel turtles: a ploop with edges that curl under into a little mound. It's large too, about 2 inches in diameter and 1/2 in tall. It smells chocolatey with a hint of coconut to it.
The first bite is terribly creamy. The chocolate is a good thickness and cleanly snaps when you bite into it. The peanut butter white chocolate center is terribly smooth and very sweet. The peanut butter flavor is not very strong as it's been diluted by the white chocolate, but it still is the start of the whole candy. The pecan bits are a perfect size; not too big or small. They deliver a wonderful light nutty flavor with an incredibly fresh, meaty texture that's crunchy at first then buttery smooth for the rest of the time.
The entire symphony of flavors works beautifully: the chocolate provides a deep, characteristic flavor which balances out the sweet creamy center and ends with the crunchy pecans. Think of this as a extreme quality Russell Stover creme bonbon or maybe what the Reeses' Select Clusters should be like.
Rating: Will Buy Again
Koeze Webpage


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PCC in the News
News: Defense Better, Offense Not In Football Loss To Cerritos
The Pasadena City College football team made advances Saturday on the defensive side of the ball in holding host Cerritos to 13 first downs. But the Lancers' offense continued to sputter, making four turnovers and allowing the Falcons premium field territory in a 30-5, SCFA National Northern Conference loss.
The winless Lancers (0-5 overall and 0-2 in conference) did not score a touchdown, the first time in eight years that a PCC offense failed to reach the end zone. In the last three games, Pasadena has scored a combined 22 points, including only two touchdowns. The 66 points scored by PCC over the first half of the schedule is the lowest scoring output by the Lancers since it tallied 62 in the opening five games of the 1996 season.
The defense scored two of the Lancers' points v. Cerritos when linebacker Brian Sanchez tackled Falcons' punter Osborn Umeh for a safety in the third quarter. The Pasadena offense consisted of a 30-yard field goal by kicker Ricardo Cardenas six minutes into the second quarter.
Cerritos (2-2) relied on the rushing of bruising 6-foot-2, 245-pound Elijah Penny, who scored on touchdown runs of 6, 1, and 2 yards while totaling 106 yards in 13 attempts.
PCC's defense was paced by linebacker Roy Torres, who made 10 tackles and a sack, and sophomore lineman Dalyou Pierson with eight tackles, 1.5 sacks, and a hurry. Letterman linebacker Brian Luna added six tackles and a sack. Sophomore LB Javon McElroy-Bradford contributed nine tackles and defensive back Andre Taylor totaled seven tackles.
Bright spots on offense were wide receiver Jake Holguin, who pulled in three catches for 63 yards, and return specialist J. Turner Jackson, who had a 50-yard punt return and added 47 yards on two kick return. Running back Cameron Washington led PCC rushers with 47 yards in 11 carries.
Next Saturday, October 12, the Lancers host Golden West College in 6 p.m. kickoff at Robinson Stadium.
Lancer Gridiron Notes: Pierson has a team-high eight sacks and is on pace to break the single-season record of 14 set by PCC Hall of Famer Curtis Seagrove in 1966...McElroy-Bradford leads the team with 33 tackles...Kitlo Meme, a freshman, has been a busy player on punts this season. Although his 35.2 yards average is modest, he has already totaled 33 punts and four of those have landed inside the 20. Meme is also a running back...The Lancers' passing game has not generated much, but the variety of receivers is impressive--17 different players have caught at least one pass. Jackson leads PCC with 12 and Holguin is averaging 17.9 yards per reception on 10 catches...Sophomore RB Marciss Grigsby has a team-high 280 rushing yards and is averaging 5.2 yards per carry in 54 attempts...Nathan Chandler (2001 quarterback), Addison Hawthorne (1951 running back) and Larry Ross (1953 end) all are football players who will be enshrined in the PCC Sports Hall of Fame on Sunday.
[Photo--Lancer Brian Sanchez (29) pulls down Osborn Umeh for a safety during the Lancers loss at Cerritos College Saturday night, image by Richard Quinton, sports information photographer.
Release Date: 10/06/2013
SERVICE ALERT: PCC will be launching an updated version of this website on Tuesday, June 28, and Wednesday, June 29. During that time, you may notice some changes to content, layout, and functionality of the site, and there may be interruptions in service. We appreciate your patience during the launch, and apologize for any inconvenience this may cause.


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gunco fans,
I am working on my first 1911a1 build. Have a 80% frame - needs slide rails cut. Plan on doing this using my drill press w/cross wise slideing vise.
Question is this: what size keyway cutter do I use, and what is the depth.
I have the blueprints, so I think I have the answers but would like to know I am right before I ruin a good frame. Also, looks like the slide rail cut is .119 +.002; so a .120 cutter should work - a 1/8 (.125) I suspect is too big. Problem is I am having trouble finding a .120 cutter. Any help appreciated by this novice.
Lastly, KT Ordnance makes a slide rail jig:http://www.kristitool.com/kto/products.php#slide
Does anyone have an opinion on this jig?


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Do You Have To Move to New York to Succeed? Here's Patti Smith's Advice.
When we hold PDN 30 seminars at art schools around the country, students sometimes ask me if they should move to a big –and expensive—market like New York or Los Angeles to get work as photographers. I'm never sure what advice to give: Is there a benefit to being part of a big artistic community that outweighs the need to slave away to pay the rent? Imagine my surprise when I heard performer and writer Patti Smith offer a very clear opinion on the matter during a reading and book signing in Brooklyn Bridge Park last night.
As the setting sun turned the sky over the East River shades of pink and gold, Smith read several poems and two excerpts from Just Kids, her award-winning memoir about living and making art in New York in the late Sixties and Seventies with her friend photographer Robert Mapplethorpe. One passage described how they survived by eating at the Horn & Hardart Automat, where 65 cents could buy a chicken sandwich, and how Mapplethorpe cut a deal on a Brooklyn apartment by promising to paint the blood-spattered walls and clean the mold and old syringes out of the refrigerator.
Smith then took a question from a member of the audience seeking advice for artists trying to move to New York. Smith said she regrets that the economy has changed so much, then added that though she can understand why someone would want to live in what she called a "great" city, she recommends that artists keep their eyes on what really matters: "Do the work." Doing the work, she said, might require moving back with your family and "working out of the garage" for a while. Consider your temperament, she advised. "I always worked 9 to 5 jobs," and managed to draw and write in her spare time, but "Robert found it harder" to work full time and take photos. Smith, who grew up in South Jersey and lived in Detroit after she married her late husband Fred "Sonic" Smith, said there are cheaper, roomier places to live in Philadelphia and Detroit. But where you live, she said, is less important than what you do. Success, she said, isn't determined by landing "a big gallery," it's determined by the quality of what you produce. "Do the work," she repeated. The crowd of New Yorkers applauded.
Smith's reading was part of the Books Beneath the Bridge series, which supports independently owned bookstores – that is, the few that have not yet gone the way of Horn & Hardart.
Tags: Just Kids, Patti Smith, Robert Mapplethorpe


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Spooky shows are starting this weekend, including our three picks below. No Utah Halloween is complete without Odyssey Dance Theatre's Thriller; an innovative, creepy show starts at the Sugar Space; and Off Broadway Theatre kicks off their newest Halloween show—once again with Dracula vs the villain. Parents, use your own judgment on what's too scary for your kids.
FRIDAY, SATURDAY and SUNDAY
Thriller! By Odyssey Dance Theatre
Thriller is already a tradition for so many Utahns this time of year. More than just the Michael Jackson song, the show includes tons of ghoulish dances and music that will mystify, frighten and make you laugh.
These shows usually sell out, so buy your tix asap.
The show runs now through Oct. 8 at the Egyptian Theatre, 328 Main Street, Park City. Or you can see it at Kingsbury Hall from Oct. 12 to 29. It's also showing at other theaters throughout Utah.
Click here for all the dates and times.
A Tale from the Land of Frightful Dreams
The Rumble Motion Jawbone dance co. sets a spooky Halloween tone with a twisted fairytale-adventure-saga that the Sugar Space describes as beautiful, grotesque, spectacular and disturbing. The show incorporates theater, butoh, circus and modern dance.
It should be an incredible show. One for you and older kids.
The performance goes from Sept. 30 to Oct. 2 at Sugar Space, 616 Wilmington Ave., SLC. Shows are at 8 p.m. Tickets are $10 in advance or $12 on the day of the show. Click here for tix.
Dracula vs. Jekyll and Hyde at Off Broadway Theatre
Did you see our review on the Off Broadway Theatre's Forever Dead? Well, the little theater on Main Street keeps the parody comedy coming for the Halloween season with Dracula vs. Jekyll and Hyde (starting tonight).
Dr. Jekyll, a well-respected physician, suspects he might be behind a series of murders that have taken place in London—meanwhile, Dracula is out to snatch the troubled physician's new formula.
It should be a great time for the whole family.
Hint: Come back to our site for a full review of the show.
The show runs Sept. 30 to Oct. 29—Mondays, Fridays and Saturdays at 7:30 p.m. at the Off Brodway Theatre, 272 S. Main Street, SLC. Tickets range from $8 to $16. Click here for tix. http://theobt.org/


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More: Should I have your first name changed to Emmy and your last name to Winner?
Julie Bowen: Oh, gross! [Laughs.] I would have to die before you see my name appear like that.
More: You should be celebrating your second Emmy win for Best Supporting Actress in a Comedy for your work as Claire on ABC's Modern Family.
JB: While I am so deeply flattered and thrilled by it, there is also the factor of horror and disbelief because it is such a "me, me, me" moment. OK, yes, I am secretly happy, so I guess I am deeply conflicted by it all [laughs].
More: I read somewhere that your oldest son, Oliver, broke your last trophy. Is that true?
JB: Yes, he did, but let me say it was my fault because I let him play with it. He is not traditionally great at hand-eye coordination or ball sports. Anyway, he was playing with it in the backyard with a plastic golf club. All of a sudden he made a perfect shot and golfed the golden ball right out of the lady's hands.
More: Oh my God! Did you freak out?
JB: It was such a good shot that part of me was actually proud of him at that moment, because he never has connected quite like that. I should also add, the shot was a clean break, so she now has the ball falling over one arm.
More: Speaking of kids, in addition to making you laugh, your oldest gave you quite a scare while you were in the middle of filming a scene. Take me back to that day.
JB: Oh yeah, that was frightening. I was pregnant with my twins [John and Gus], which was taking up a lot of my mental and physical energy while I was shooting a scene on Boston Legal. I noticed I received a text from my husband saying, "I think we have a problem with Oliver. He had peanut butter." I am thinking, Nah, he has had it before and was even stung by a bee. Although I was never a nervous-Nellie-type mom, when I saw the text picture, Oliver looked like he had been hit in the face numerous times. He was red, puffy, swollen and disfigured.
More: What was your reaction?
JB: I was so panicked, especially because I was filming all the way out in Manhattan Beach and was far away from where I was shooting. My husband had to immediately drive him to the emergency room, where he was treated with epinephrine. We soon came to learn that allergies can come to the surface after the second or third exposure to something like nuts and they can also get progressively worse over time.
More: That's a tough lesson to learn on the fly.
JB: Not only do we have to avoid nuts, but we also have to carry around an auto-injector.
More: I would freak out.
JB: I did and I didn't. I mean, I am the type of person who thinks there is always nothing wrong. I am a mind-over-matter person. I think there is a great gift in that, because while I didn't ignore that there was a problem, I knew there was something wrong and I knew it had to be dealt with. When my son went to the hospital and reacted so positively to the medication, we learned how to help him.
More: Now you are putting your celebrity to good use by paying it forward.
JB: Yes. I teamed up with a campaign called Get Schooled in Anaphylaxis (Anaphylaxis101.com). This site is so kid friendly and even has cartoon characters, which children will love. It basically teaches everyone how to spot the signs and symptoms and what to do if someone you know has a food allergy. In my case, I am glad it was so severe. It forced me not to blow it off and pay attention. Many people see allergic reactions on a minor scale and think it is nothing. Trust me, I have been there; it is not.


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In earlier Saturday play, the doubles tandem of senior Erin Sanders and junior Carla Manzi Tenorio edged Hoolahan and Walters-West from Northern Colorado, 9-7. It was the only doubles match for CU in the consolation backdraw on Saturday. Sanders/Manzi Tenorio end the 2012 fall season with a 4-2 record.
The four wins are the most by a CU doubles team after three fall invitational spanning the last two months.
In singles, the Buffaloes earned a 2-2 record in consolation backdraw matches.
Sophomore Ashley Tiefel picked up her third win of the fall season defeating Adriana Wojakowska (Colorado State) 6-3, 6-1.
Junior Carla Manzi Tenorio also earned her third win of the fall defeating Amber Stuhlmann (Utah State) 6-0, 6-2. After starting the season with two straight losses, Manzi Tenorio has now won three of her last five matches.
Manzi Tenorio and Tiefel are tied for second on the team in singles victories with three each. Second semester freshman Julyette Steur leads the Buffs with four wins.
CU concludes the 2012 fall season for the calendar year and begins 2013 at the Long Beach State Invitational, Jan. 18-20 before spring play officially begins at Air Force, Jan. 27. The Buffaloes first home match will be at the Millennium Hotel Harvest House bubble taking on Stephen F. Austin (Saturday, Feb. 2, 11 a.m.) and Northern Colorado (Sunday, Feb. 3, 10 a.m.).
ITA Regional Consolation Backdraw
Fertitta Tennis Complex, Las Vegas, Nev.
Saturday, Oct. 13
Consolation Doubles
Sanders/Manzi Tenorio (CU) def. Hoolahan/Walters-West (Northern Colorado) 9-7
Consolation Singles
Ashley Tiefel (CU) def. Adriana Wojakowska (Colorado State) 6-3, 6-1
Carla Manzi Tenorio (CU) def. Amber Stuhlmann (Utah State) 6-0, 6-2
Bobbi Oshiro (Boise State) def. Erin Sanders (CU) 6-1, 6-4
Sheila Smiley (Nevada) def. Mazy Watrous (CU) 7-5, 3-6, 1-0(8)


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Search Sports Card Radio
The Best NBA Players Not Named Kobe or LeBron
- Details
- Hits: 4316
|Obviously Dwyane Wade, Carmelo Anthony, Amar'e Stoudemire, Kevin Durant, Dirk Nowitzki and many others could be included on this list. However, these are guys I feel are having breakout seasons over and above what we've seen from them in the past. I got some of the information for this by ranking all NBA players in order of production in my Fantasy Basketball league. Many of these guys are near the top.
|December 27, 2010
|Blake Griffin
Currently the 5th best fantasy player under my leagues scoring (which actually rewards 3 pointers) I didn't realize how explosive Blake Griffin's game was until I saw one recently against Phoenix. He actually got rebounds and dribbled the ball all the way up court and started transition offense like Charles Barkley used to do. This guy has the potential to be one of the best NBA players. Period. He also has the ability to turn the Los Angeles Clippers into a relevant team in the NBA ... not just in LA, where they play step-child to the Lakers. It took Kevin Durant a few seasons to get the Thunder into contention - and if Blake Griffin stays healthy and develops his game during the off-season, he will be one of the most collected NBA players in a few seasons.
As you already know - he missed all of 2009/10 with a knee injury, and anyone that bought cards during that time can certainly start to cash in. His 'best' rookie card is possibly the 09/10 Panini National Treasures -- which I remember saying at the time, are some of the best looking NBA Rookie Cards ever made.
|They currently sell for huge prices online with Gold Parallels serial #/25 selling for close to $1,000 dollars on eBay! Blake Griffin has a 09/10 UD Exquisite rookie featuring him in his College uniform and is serial numbered #/225. Although the card is not autographed they still sell for over $250 on eBay.
Kevin Love
Love's cards still have been getting just that ... love. His 2008/09 Upper Deck Exquisite Auto/Jersey Rookie #/225 sells for just around $200 on eBay at the current time - which is still half that of Russell Westbrook (see below). I would consider this card a really solid buy considering they could go up if Love gets into the leagues MVP race, as many think he might.
|Russell Westbrook
This PG doesn't get a lot of attention compared to Chris Paul, Derrick Rose or Deron Williams, but his production is as good or better. In fact, he has more fantasy points in my league than Kevin Durant because Durant has missed a few games due to injury. Overall, Westbrook's shot selection and leadership are as good as any young PG I've seen in the NBA in a long time. He's led the Thunder to wins even when KD has been down with injury - showing he can run the show without the main guy in the lineup. If I was starting an NBA team today - and I had a pick of Point Guard, it'd be a toss-up between Williams and Westbrook because they both don't take bad shots like many other PG's I see around the league (see Derrick Rose play).
Westbrook's rookies have taken off since coming into the league and pairing up with Kevin Durant. His most valuable rookie card is the 2008/09 Upper Deck Exquisite Jersey Autograph serial #/225. It usually sells for more than $400 on eBay. This is a card that could go in either direction depending on how well the Thunder do. People/fans are expecting them to do big things in the next couple of seasons, so Westbrook and Durant will have to deliver to meet these expectations and maintain $400+ value on his Exquisite rookie.
LaMarcus Aldridge
|Wesley (Wes) Matthews
No one has benefited from Brandon Roy being out more than Wesley Matthews. Talk about a guy that did it right...undrafted in 2009/10 and signed by Utah, Matthews ended up signing a huge multi-million dollar deal with Portland (one much richer than most 1st or 2nd round picks in the same draft can have at this stage in their career). So he's gotten paid, and now his energy and production is paying off for the Trailblazers. If Roy misses even more games, or has to cut back his minuets, most of those opportunities will go to Matthews. He stands out to me because he can create his own shot with the ball and cut/move off screens - making him very valuable late in the shot clock and games.
Matthew's Cards have gotten some attention due to his recent play. We actually pulled one of his 09/10 Upper Deck Draft Edition Autographs for a Fan Forum Member when we did a box break of this product. His most collectible rookies might be his 2009/10 Panini Classics Autograph serial numbered to just #/99 copies and they currently sell for around $30 on eBay. His National Treasures RC is also serial numbered #/99 and sells for slightly more on most occasions.
|Monta Ellis
Currently out-scoring Kobe Bryant and Dwyane Wade in my leagues scoring system. Being close to the Bay Area, I actually hear a lot about Monta Ellis. He always seems to have some kind of lingering injury, but when he plays ... he obviously has production that is near the top in the league. Personally, I know he's gotten his life together (after that Moped accident that kept him out for most of one season) he now has a wife and a son named Monta Jr. Like Kevin Love and Blake Griffin, Monta's cards would be worth even more if Golden State was a winning team or if he played in a bigger market. That being said - he's still very young and if he stays healthy - Ellis will put up numbers that are tops in the league.
Ellis most collectible rookie might be his 2005/06 Upper Deck Exquisite Jersey/Autograph Rookie serial #/225. This card usually sells in the $200 range on eBay, but could easily go up a few hundred or go down 50 - 75% depending on if Ellis can stay healthy. His production is not in question and if he can turn the Warriors into a winner, his cards will go up like many of the SF Giants cards did when they won the World Series.
{module 65}


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Crunchy Chocolate Mint Balls RecipeRead Reviews Be the first to add a review
- 1 package (10 ounces) mint chocolate chips
- 1/4 cup butter, softened
- 1 can (14 ounces) sweetened condensed milk
- 1-1/4 cups chocolate wafer crumbs (about 22 wafers)
- White jimmies
- In a double boiler or metal bowl over hot water, melt chips and butter; stir until smooth. Stir in milk. Add wafer crumbs; mix to coat. Refrigerate for 1 hour or until easy to handle.
- Roll into 1-in. balls; roll in jimmies. Place on a waxed paper-lined 15x10x1-in. baking pan; freeze until firm. Transfer to a resealable plastic freezer bag. May be frozen for up to 1 month.
- To use frozen balls: Thaw at room temperature. Yield: 4-1/2 dozen.
Reviews for Crunchy Chocolate Mint Balls
"I think there may be something wrong with the measurements on this recipe. I made it exactly as described and the result was chocolate soup. I crushed the remaining wafers from the package, added them, and then it was the consistency of stew. Will try to salvage the recipe by adding even more wafers. Did anyone else have this problem? Did you have to adjust the liquid when you made it?"
"Forgot to sign my name to my OMG review. It's Gwen - or luvtopolka. Also, I saw the question about jimmies. I, too, couldn't find them, but used multi-colored candy sprinkles instead. luvtopolka"
"OMG!!! These are THE BEST! Everyone who tastes them loves them! So easy, too! What a hit with very little effort! The only "hard" part is rolling them in jimmies."
"[quote user="gatsbyarrow"]What are chocolate wafers? [/quote] Chocolate wafers are chocolate cookies - find them in with the cookies and snacks at your favorite grocery store."
"What are chocolate wafers?"


text: Everyone strives to have a cool and collected morning routine but as we are all know, that isn't always the case. To give myself some much needed time in the morning, I try and prepare my breakfast the night before. Overnight Oats are the perfect way to accomplish that because you can literally make the entire meal before you go to sleep. In honor of fall, I am trying to get pumpkin into just about every meal. This week I made Pumpkin Pie Overnight Oats and knowing I had that waiting for me in the fridge when I woke up was a huge incentive to hop out of bed!


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Members of the 512th Civil Engineer Squadron's Explosive Ordnance Disposal Flight are scheduled to conduct demolitions training from 1 to 4 p.m. Nov. 2 at the Dover Air Force Base, 442 13th St., Dover.
As a result of this training, some residents may hear more noise than usual coming from the base's training range and may experience possible ground shaking. It is important to note that the noise from the range may travel farther during overcast weather conditions.
For more information: (302) 677-3372.
Location, ST | website.com


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I've been searching for a while now and is there a list of gas tube and piston combinations that work with one another? I am in the process of taking a Maadi AKM and SBRing it with a M92 barrel. Turning down the barrel to fit the rear sight block, gas block and sight are not a problem.
But anyways, initial plan was to take a krink gas piston and use that. But it's way too short to work on a M92 barrel and keep the aesthetics. I can always make the gas tube shorter but I want to have wood on the upper handguard. So then I bought a M92 piston only to find out that it's too big to fit into the gas tube because of the stars. I even went so far as to enlarge the gas tube by heating it up and pressing a 10mm socket through.
A listing of pistons and their measurements would be great. I found a site that had barrel profiles which helped me out tremendously with getting the M92 barrel profiled to work with the Maadi parts.
Build is finally done, gonna try to media blast and paint it this month.


text: × Independence Day Special: 20% Off Orders Containing $75+ in Merchandise! (Click here to apply Coupon code!) (This Coupon Expires at midnight on July 08, 2016) Power Up with PE Pedometers Item Number: PED-02390 Currently 5/5 Stars.5/5 Stars (0 Reviews) Your Price: $39.99 Sorry, this video is no longer available. Please call 1-800-873-2730 or email us at firstname.lastname@example.com for recommendations on similar products. See more products by: Todd Keating


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Text Version
Two Global Crises, Two Senate Committees * John Hawkins Other than during the world wars, there have only been two periods in the past century when the global economy has contracted: the Great Depression of the early 1930s and 2009 (chart 1). 1 In both periods the Australian Treasurer sought to adopt active macroeconomic policies to offset the impact on the Australian economy. In both cases these measures (or at least their magnitude) were opposed in certain quarters. In both cases Senate committees were asked to investigate aspects. Chart 1: World real GDP: annual percentage change 1909–2009 8.0 6.0 4.0 2.0 0.0 ‐2.0 World War I World War II ‐4.0 The Great Depression and the Select Committee on the Central Reserve Bank Bill The Labor Treasurer 'Red Ted' Theodore was unwilling to accept the Depression in 1930. Arguably ahead of his time, he advocated a proto-Keynesian policy of stimulating demand by an expansionary macroeconomic policy. As part of this he envisaged the creation of a central reserve bank which could help stabilise the financial system and facilitate an expansion of credit and economic activity. Theodore was influenced by John Maynard Keynes' writings in the 1920s and * Thanks to Bill Bannear and Selwyn Cornish for helpful comments. The author was secretary to one of the Senate committees discussed but writes in a personal capacity and views expressed are not necessarily shared by the committee. 1 The two episodes are compared in D. Gruen and C. Clark, 'What have we learnt? The Great Depression in Australia from the perspective of today', Economic Roundup, Department of the Treasury, Canberra, issue 4, 2009, pp. 27–50. 83 assisted by Hugh Armitage at the Commonwealth Bank. 2 The bill would have separated central banking functions from the Commonwealth Bank into a separate Central Reserve Bank, to be managed by a board appointed by the GovernorGeneral consisting of a governor, two deputy governors, the Treasury secretary and five other directors, retiring in rotation 'who are or who have been actively engaged in agriculture, commerce, finance, industry or labour'. (The remainder of the Commonwealth Bank would then be able to compete freely with the private banks for ordinary banking business.) The Central Reserve Bank would have control of the note issue, and banks would be required to hold reserves with it and supply it with information on their operations. The bank would be empowered to buy and sell exchange and securities and make advances. While the Commonwealth Bank had some central banking powers, it was under the control of the intensely conservative Sir Robert Gibson who would not countenance Theodore's expansionary policies. While controversial in Australia, informed opinion overseas found Theodore's proposal unobjectionable; the British magazine The Economist described it as 'an attempt to put an end to a long-standing anomalous situation … there is no obvious weakness in these proposals'. 3 The Central Reserve Bank Bill was introduced into the House of Representatives on 2 April 1930 and reached the Senate on 18 June. Even before the bill had reached the Senate, the banks had arranged with the Leader of the Opposition to refer the bills to a select committee 'in order to have the whole question examined in an endeavour to educate public opinion' 4 or more cynically just to delay it. It was the first bill ever referred to a select committee by the Senate. 5 Theodore later suggested the bill could have been a double dissolution trigger if rejected rather than just delayed. 6 As with more recent legislation, there was 2 C.B. Schedvin, Australia and the Great Depression. Sydney, Sydney University Press, 1970, pp. 86, 173. Schedvin suggests that a bill drafted for the previous Treasurer, Earle Page, in 1928 may have formed the basis for Theodore's bill, but there appears to be no documentary evidence. 3 The Economist, 5 April 1930, pp. 767–8. 4 Bank of New South Wales General Manager Davidson, 12 May 1930, cited in B. Schedvin, 'Sir Alfred Davidson' in R. Appleyard and B. Schedvin (eds), Australian Financiers: Biographical Essays. South Melbourne, Macmillan, 1988, p. 342. 5 See R. Laing (ed.), Annotated Standing Orders of the Australian Senate. Canberra, Department of the Senate, 2009, p. 371 for further information. 6 P. Cook, 'The Scullin Government 1929–1932', PhD thesis, Australian National University, 1971, p. 120. Cook is sceptical that this was the thinking when the bill was introduced. 84 Two Global Crises, Two Senate Committees debate about whether delaying a vote or referring a bill to a committee constitutes a 'failure to pass'. 7 On 10 July the Deputy Leader of the Opposition, Sir William Glasgow, moved to refer the bill to a select committee comprising himself and Senators Dooley, Dunn, Colebatch, Lawson, Carroll, O'Halloran and Sampson (i.e. a committee with a 5–3 Opposition majority) to report in four weeks. 8 The motion passed 14–6 on party lines. Glasgow was an outstanding soldier and in his political career concentrated on defence issues, rising to Minister for Defence in the Bruce–Page Government. 9 While he had briefly worked in a bank, there is no record of him having a particular interest in economics or knowledge of central banking. The government refused to cooperate with the committee, which they regarded as 'an attempt to shelve the measure'. 10 On 11 July Senator Daly said that government senators would not be taking part and moved unopposed that Senators Dooley, Dunn and O'Halloran be discharged. 11 Furthermore, the government refused to pay for the committee's expenses. 12 The Clerk of the Senate, George Monahan, apparently served as secretary to the committee. On 16 July the Senate appointed Senators Thompson and Cox to the committee to replace the discharged Labor members. Senator Glasgow had been elected chair. At its first meeting the committee decided to invite a range of bankers and representatives of chambers of commerce to appear as witnesses. 13 The Treasurer was asked to nominate an officer from his department to attend as a witness but none appeared. The Australian Workers' Union and Australian Labor Party were 7 See, for example, Senator Daly, Senate Debates, 13 November 1930, p. 224. 8 Senator Lawson rejected criticism of the Opposition majority on the committee by arguing, perhaps tongue-in-cheek, that 'those who accept the responsibility of service on it will be bound to dismiss from their minds preconceived notions', Senate Debates, 10 July 1930, p. 3944. 9 P. Edgar, 'Glasgow, Sir Thomas William (1879–1955)' in A. Millar (ed.), The Biographical Dictionary of the Australian Senate, vol. 2. Carlton, Vic., Melbourne University Press, 2004, pp. 344–8 and R. Harry, 'Glasgow, Sir Thomas William (1879–1955)', Australian Dictionary of Biography, vol. 9. Carlton, Vic., Melbourne University Press, 1983, pp. 21–3. 10 Senator Daly, Senate Debates, 10 July 1930, p. 3945. He pointed out that the matter had already been before the Parliament for three months and that the establishment of the Commonwealth Bank and the note issue were not referred to committees. 11 Senate Debates, 11 July 1930, p. 4064. 12 The government agreed to pay only for the cost of the secretary and a reporter. See also Cook, op. cit., p. 118. 13 The committee's minutes are printed in Parliamentary Paper no. S4/1930, Journals of the Senate, vol. 1, 1929–31, pp. 473–6. 85 also asked to send witnesses. At subsequent meetings it was agreed to call further businessmen and financiers, the Deputy Governor of the Commonwealth Bank, 14 Professor Copland and 'the Professor of Commerce, Adelaide University'. 15 In practice, almost half the witnesses were private sector financiers. The only labour representative to appear was Maurice Duffy, the secretary of the Melbourne Trades Hall Council, a moderate unionist who served on the Commonwealth Bank Board from 1930 to 1945. 16 There is no record of any written submissions being sought or received from domestic sources although a general invitation was extended through the press for persons desirous of giving evidence. 17 The opening witness was Commonwealth Bank Governor Ernest Riddle. He gave a clear but conservative overview of central banking principles, and argued that the Commonwealth Bank already was discharging most of the functions of a central bank. 18 The private bankers generally were supportive of a central bank in principle, but this seems to be partly motivated by the idea of converting the Commonwealth Bank from an active competitor to a neutral umpire—they conspicuously refer to the Commonwealth Bank becoming a central bank and dropping its trading operations rather than a new central bank being established in addition. The Commonwealth Bank's Deputy Governor suggests the private banks may fear that the Commonwealth would become a more aggressive competitor if shorn of its central banking roles. These fears may have been amplified when the Commonwealth Bank Bill of May 1930 seemed to set it up for more vigorous competition. 19 While he was the man then calling the shots at the bank, its chairman, Sir Robert Gibson, declined an invitation to appear. Two academic economists appeared—Professors Shann and Copland, both of whom were soon to work on what became known as the Premiers' Plan: the orthodox policy alternative to Theodore's ideas that was adopted as Australia's 14 The Deputy Governor was Hugh Armitage. The governor had already been called at the previous meeting. 15 The professor was Leslie Melville. Unlike Professor Copland he was not specifically named, and in the event did not appear. 16 L. Louis, 'Duffy, Maurice Boyce (Morrie) (1886–1957)', Australian Dictionary of Biography, vol. 8. Carlton, Vic., Melbourne University Press, 1981, pp. 353–4. 17 Some witnesses tabled (opening) statements and Alfred Davidson from the Bank of New South Wales and Professor Copland tabled a number of papers. 18 The transcripts give only the answers to senators' questions (and the senator to whom they are directed) but not the questions or comments of the senators themselves. 19 R. Holder, Bank of New South Wales: A History, vol. 2. Sydney, Angus and Robertson, 1970, p. 653. 86 Two Global Crises, Two Senate Committees response to the Depression. 20 Professor Copland referred to a central bank as a 'banks' pawn-shop' but thought it could be a useful for discipline as Australia had 'erred and strayed from the fold of international parity'. However both academics opposed the bill. There is no record of whether any academic economist who would probably have supported the bill, such as Robert Irvine, the first professor of economics from the University of Sydney, sought to appear. Senator Glasgow was a diligent chair attending every public hearing and private meeting. The other members also attended most meetings. The transcripts suggest that the questioning was led by the chair and Senators Colebatch and Thompson. In his history of central banking, Professor Giblin gave the following assessment: In reviewing the evidence given by this imposing array of witnesses the outstanding impression is of the very scanty harvest obtained from a promising field. The Governor and Deputy Governor of the Bank were almost alone in addressing themselves to the Bill under consideration as a practical measure … Nearly all the other witnesses gave the impression of exercising their ingenuity in finding reasons for condemning proposals which they disliked for other undisclosed reasons … A critical member of the Senate Committee, if there had been one, would have had a glorious field for his activities. But the Committee appeared too anxious to swallow any absurdity that would fortify its instinctive prejudices. 21 The committee's progress report on 6 August 1930 reported that witnesses saw a central bank as a 'desirable adjunct to the financial system', so long as 'it performed the true functions of Central Reserve Banking, and that it was assured, by its constitution, of freedom from political control'. However, the committee assessed the volume of evidence as saying that this was not the time. The committee suggested seeking the advice of Sir Otto Neimeyer and Professor Gregory. Finally, the committee requested an extension of reporting time, to which the Senate agreed on 8 August. On 13 November there was a further extension granted until 27 November. The chair's draft of the final report was adopted by the committee with the only amendment being the deletion of a final paragraph. There were no minority reports. 20 Notwithstanding Shann's radical youth, both were conservative economists. Copland later aspired to join the Menzies Cabinet; A. Martin, Robert Menzies: A Life, vol. 2. Carlton, Vic., Melbourne University Press, 1999, pp. 101–2. 21 L. Giblin, The Growth of a Central Bank. Melbourne, Melbourne University Press, 1951, pp. 113–14. 87 The committee spent a good portion of its final report, tabled on 3 December, chastising the government for not acting on the recommendation in the progress report to seek the opinions of Messrs Neimeyer and Gregory and blamed this for their needing to seek a further extension. The committee itself sought written reports from these two gentlemen which are attached as appendices to the report. The final report reaffirms the conclusion of the interim report buttressing the argument by a quotation from Sir Otto Neimeyer that the midst of a crisis was not an opportune time for changing the structure of the Commonwealth Bank. Nonetheless it concedes that there may be no impetus to establish a central bank at other times: During the Australian crises of 1843 and 1866 and in 1893 there were strong expressions of expert opinion in favour of the establishment of a truly national bank for purposes closely allied with those for which Central Reserve Banks have since come into being in many countries. In each case political opinion seems to have determined that the time was inopportune. The crisis passed, and with it the recommendations of the experts were forgotten. 22 This leads the committee to consider there may be a case to establish a central bank during a time of crisis, but it would have to be a different central bank to that proposed in the bill. The provisions of the bill were criticised, with an article by the Bank of England's Sir Ernest Harvey being cited at length as a guide to the 'vital principles' which should guide the establishment of a central bank. 23 Also quoted was a passage by C. Kisch and W. Elkin supporting central banks being independent of government. 24 Both these had been cited extensively by witnesses. There is a discourse on the nature of money ('to the individual money is freedom') and dire warnings that 'a government is tempted to a subtle form of robbery if it have power to create new money'. Notably absent in the discussion in the report are explicit references to arguments put by witnesses at the hearings. An appendix to the report compares the constitutions of central banks in thirty countries and it is noted that only five are purely owned by the state. 25 This gives 22 Parliamentary Paper no. S4/1930, p. xiii. 23 E. Harvey, 'Central banking', Economic Record, vol. 3, no. 1, 1927, pp. 1–14. Harvey had visited Australia in 1927 at the invitation of the Bruce–Page Government. 24 C. Kisch and W. Elkin, Central Banking: A Study of the Constitutions of Banks of Issue, With an Analysis of Representative Charters. London, Macmillan, 1930. Sir Cecil Kisch was financial adviser to the UK Government's India Office. The book was described as 'that bible of the time' and cited by people on all sides of the debate; Holder, op. cit., p. 652. 25 The appendix is compiled from information in Kisch and Elkin, op. cit. 88 Two Global Crises, Two Senate Committees an inference that some measure of private ownership may be desirable but this argument is not put explicitly in the body of the report. By the conclusions, the committee opines 'the arguments against exclusive state ownership have already been reviewed and seem to be unanswerable'. These arguments are to this author not reviewed at all in the report. Indeed Harvey, the authority apparently most respected by the committee, did not oppose government ownership. Some degree of private ownership could be justified as one way of giving the central bank some independence from government control but it is far from the only way and likely to generate conflicts of interest which are not addressed in the report. The committee draws out from the international survey that none of the central banks were permitted to make unlimited unsecured advances, even to the government. In his evidence, however, the Commonwealth Bank's deputy governor suggests 'advancing to a government without security and advancing to a government on the security of its own bonds are practically identical'. The committee is committed to the gold standard, quoting approvingly a memorandum by Professor Gregory citing it as one of the two primary functions of a central bank. The press coverage centred on the committee's opposition to 'political control'. The views of Sir Otto Neimeyer, opposing the bill, were widely reported but not any comments from its supporters. 26 When the Senate resumed debate on the bill in December following the tabling of the report, consideration of the bill was again deferred and did not resume until April 1931, more than a year after its initial introduction in the Parliament, when it was finally voted down. The main argument put by the opponents of the bill remained that while not opposed to a central bank, they could not accept a central bank under the control of the government. 27 The Commonwealth Bank accrued some more powers during World War II but a true central reserve bank was not created until the late 1950s. Ironically it was then the creation of the conservative parties and opposed by Labor. 28 There was no further Senate committee inquiry and the views of the 1930 committee were 26 The Age, 4 December 1930, p. 10; The Argus, 4 December 1930, p. 8; Canberra Times, 4 December 1930, p. 2. Among domestic stories, the committee's report was competing with the appointment of the first Australian-born Governor-General. 27 The conservative parties, when in government in 1924, had themselves introduced a board for the Commonwealth Bank which was appointed by the government. 28 S. Cornish, The Evolution of Central Banking in Australia. Sydney, Reserve Bank of Australia, 2010. 89 completely disregarded with the central bank being wholly government-owned and capable of being directed by the government. The 2008–2009 global economic crisis The onset of the Great Depression had been marked by the crash on Wall Street and share prices there fell sharply too in 2008. Most notable was the carnage among some of the largest American financial institutions such as Bear Stearns, Merrill Lynch, Lehman Brothers, American Insurance Group, Fannie Mae and Freddie Mac, Wachovia and Washington Mutual. Inter-bank lending markets seized up around the world. There is still debate among the relative importance of differing factors behind the crash, but they included a speculative boom, global imbalances and poorly understood securitisation instruments and associated derivatives which disguised growing risks. 29 The Reserve Bank of Australia acted quickly and decisively to slash interest rates and this monetary policy response was largely uncontroversial, although some commentators felt they should have gone further and taken rates down to near zero. There was more debate about the appropriate use of fiscal policy. The operation of 'automatic stabilisers' meant that the Budget was inevitably going to swing into deficit; tax revenues would drop and expenditure on unemployment benefits would rise. Unlike in the Great Depression, there were few calls to cut government spending or raise taxes to try to preserve the surplus. It was generally acknowledged that this would exacerbate the crisis. The controversy was about whether, and to what extent, there should be additional, discretionary, fiscal measures to support demand and how any such stimulus should be allocated between increases in government infrastructure spending, cash payments to households and tax cuts. The government implemented a large fiscal stimulus package. In this it was in line with governments around the world of various political stripes. As Lord Skidelsky notes: By January, even Germany, whose chancellor, Angela Merkel, had derided the autumn round of fiscal stimuli as 'a senseless race to spend billions', had unveiled a package worth €50 billion. Stimulus packages around the world 29 R. Garnaut, The Great Crash of 2008. Carlton, Vic., Melbourne University Press, 2009. 90 Two Global Crises, Two Senate Committees have included subsidies to motor-car manufacturers, cash payments to households, and public investment in schools, housing road and railways. 30 A record of prudent fiscal policy going back more than a decade meant that Australia was better placed than many of its peers to introduce a large fiscal stimulus (chart 2). Chart 2: General government financial balances: Australia vs. OECD (1991–2010; per cent to GDP) 4 2 Australia 0 ‐2 1991 1993 1995 1997 1999 2001 2003 2005 2007 2009 ‐4 ‐6 ‐8 ‐10 Source: Senate Economics References Committee, government's economic stimulus initiatives, October 2009, p. 23. Based on data in OECD Economic Outlook, June 2009. A set of bills implementing a significant portion of the stimulus package were referred to the Senate Finance and Public Administration Committee for review in February 2009 but this committee was only allowed less than a week to report. The committee had a government majority and concluded that the Senate should pass the bills as a matter of urgency. 31 A dissenting report by Opposition senators argued that the package was too large, was introduced too early, created too much debt and was poorly targeted. 32 The Senate passed the bills after some amendments. Including measures in October 2008, November 2008, December 2008, February 2009 and the May 2009 budget, the total stimulus measures amounted to around $90 billion over four to five years. 30 R. Skidelsky, Keynes: The Return of the Master. London, Allen Lane, 2009, pp. 19–20. 31 Senate Standing Committee on Finance and Public Administration, Nation Building and Jobs Plan Inquiry into the Provisions of the Appropriation (Nation Building and Jobs) Bill (No. 1) 2008–2009 and 5 Related Bills, February 2009, p. 54. 32 ibid. p. 56. 91 The economic outlook improved during 2009 which led to calls to wind back the stimulus package more quickly than the government planned. The Senate referred the government's fiscal stimulus strategy to the Senate Economics References Committee to report by October 2009. The inquiry was supported by the Opposition, although the initiative for it came from the leader of the Greens, Senator Bob Brown. As in 1930 the committee had an Opposition majority, but unlike in 1930 government senators took an active role in proceedings. As the 2009 inquiry was by a standing rather than select committee, a specific chair was not appointed and the inquiry was chaired by Senator Alan Eggleston, the regular chair of the Economics References Committee. Developments in economic theory between the 1930s and 2009 The impact of the Keynesian revolution meant that an active fiscal policy is now a much more 'orthodox' view, rather than the radical proposition it was in 1930. 33 One of the witnesses in 1930, and an author of the Premiers' Plan of the 1930s, Douglas Copland, had repented by 1951, commenting: … the mistake was made of not recognising clearly enough that government activities need to expand tremendously to offset the fall in private spending … The second important error some of us made in the early days was to oppose credit expansion. 34 Looking back in his retirement, even Sir Robert Menzies commented: …there was a strong case for deficit-budgeting in a period of depression; we have all come to accept this. 35 It should be noted that the Keynesian revolution was advocating temporary stimulus during recessions, not an ongoing insouciance about government deficits. As Lord Skidelsky recently points out: 33 In 1930, while Keynes had published articles advocating expansion of public works in certain circumstances, his General Theory was still six years away. While his pamphlet Can Lloyd George Do It? (1929) and his book A Treatise on Money (1930) contained some of the ideas that would later form Keynesian orthodoxy, they were not well known in Australia at the time. See N. Cain, 'Australian economic advice in 1930: liberal and radical alternatives', ANU Working Papers in Economic History, no. 78, April 1987 and J. Hawkins, 'Theodore: the proto-Keynesian', Economic Roundup, issue 1, 2010, pp. 91–110 and references cited therein, for a further discussion. 34 D. Copland, Inflation and Expansion. Melbourne, FW Cheshire, 1951, pp. 21–2. 35 R. Menzies, Afternoon Light. Melbourne, Cassell, 1967, p. 120. 92 Two Global Crises, Two Senate Committees 'Deficits don't matter.' This was not Keynes: it was Glen Hubbard, chairman of George W. Bush's Council of Economic Advisers in 2003. It may surprise readers to learn that Keynes thought that government budgets should normally be in surplus. 36 While the Keynesian approach is now the orthodoxy, it is still not unanimously supported. Some of the most ardent pro-market economists still oppose any government activism. In the US context this has been termed the 'freshwater' view. 37 A survey of Australian economics professors by M. Anderson and R. Blandy found that that fewer than ten per cent of them disagreed with the statement that 'fiscal policy has a significant stimulative impact on a less than fully employed economy'. 38 There is more disagreement about the size of the stimulus from fiscal expansion. This is summarised in the value of the 'fiscal multiplier'; the ratio of the resultant increase in GDP to the increase in government spending. W. Coleman shows that the earliest estimates of this multiplier ranged from one to three. 39 Today's economics textbooks use values of 2½ to five to illustrate the concept, but when citing empirical estimates refer to lower numbers, but typically still above one. 40 At the committee's hearings, there was reference to a study by E. Ilzetzki, E. Mendoza and C. Vegh which concluded that multipliers were higher in economies with higher incomes and lower trade shares, such as Australia. 41 Views of the witnesses Accordingly some fiscal stimulus was supported by most of the witnesses. 36 Skidelsky, op. cit., p. xvi. He is the author a well-respected three volume biography of Keynes. 37 It is termed 'freshwater' because it has most adherents at the University of Chicago, Milton Friedman's base, while the Keynesian orthodoxy prevails at the 'saltwater' universities of New England and California; Skidelsky, op. cit., p. 30. 38 M. Anderson and R. Blandy, 'What Australian economic professors think', Australian Economic Review, 4th quarter, 1992, pp. 17–40. W. Coleman, 'Cambridge, England or Cambridge, Tasmania? Some recent excavations of the Giblin multiplier', History of Economics Review, vol. 39, Winter 2004, p. 3. Textbooks examined were: P. Krugman, R. Wells and K. Graddy 2007, Economics, European edn. Basingstoke, Palgrave Macmillan, 2007; P. Samuelson and W. Nordhaus, Economics, 18th edn. Boston, McGraw-Hill, 2005; J. Gans, S. King, R. Stonecash and G. Makiw, Principles of Economics, 3rd edn. Melbourne, Thomson, 2005; R. Dornbusch, S. Fisher and R. Startz, Macroeconomics, 7th edn. Boston, Irwin McGraw-Hill, 1998; and O. Blanchard, Macroeconomics, 5th edn. New Jersey, Pearson, 2009, some of the most popular and respected texts with a number of Nobel prizewinners among their authors. 39 40 41 E. Ilzetzki, E. Mendoza and C. Vegh, 'How big are fiscal multipliers?', CPER Policy Insights, no. 39, October 2009. 93 As in 1930 the committee regarded the head of Treasury as a desirable witness, but unlike in 1930, this time he did appear. The Governor of the Reserve Bank, the successor to the Commonwealth Bank, was another key witness. Both were supportive of the fiscal stimulus package. A wider range of economists appeared in 2009 than in 1930. As well as the heads of Treasury and the Reserve Bank, who unlike in 1930 are now themselves wellqualified economists, the committee heard from one of Australia's leading academic economists, Professor Andrew Leigh from the ANU, Dr Richard Denniss from the Australia Institute and Rory Robertson from Macquarie Bank. As in 1930 the committee heard from business representatives, in this case from the Australian Industry Group and the Australian Chamber of Commerce and Industry. All were broadly supportive of the stimulus package. Academia provided the only witnesses to challenge the current economic orthodoxy and argue that fiscal policy is ineffective and undesirable. A few academic economists known to hold these minority pre-Keynesian views were invited to present their perspectives. The report The majority report did not accept the minority academic view that there should have been no fiscal stimulus, noting: There was a consensus view that a range of factors have contributed to Australia's exemplary economic performance. These include the continuing strong growth of China and demand for Australia's exports; the legacy of rapid growth, strong budget position and sound prudential regulation of the financial system that was left by the previous Coalition government; the rapid move to strongly accommodative monetary policy; the fall in the A$ in the second half of 2008; and the fiscal stimulus. 42 However, it stated 'fiscal policy alone was not the only significant factor'. 43 The majority report concluded that 'the economy has strengthened and that the rationale for maintaining the proposed spending levels by the Rudd Government are no longer valid and is of the firm opinion that the levels of spending need to be reduced, postponed or offset to prevent the economy from overheating' and 42 Senate Economics References Committee, Government's Economic Stimulus Initiatives, October 2009, p. 46. 43 ibid. 94 Two Global Crises, Two Senate Committees recommended a cost–benefit study be undertaken of the remaining stimulus projects. 44 A minority report by government senators highlighted that Australia was the only advanced economy to grow in the year to the June quarter of 2009, which it interpreted as indicating the fiscal stimulus package had been timely and effective. They concluded 'without fiscal stimulus of the scale and structure of that implemented in the past year, there is no doubt that Australia would have experienced a quite severe recession' and that the existing provisions for the gradual withdrawal of the stimulus were appropriate. 45 Similarly, the Greens, in their additional comments, said they 'are satisfied with the evidence presented to the Committee by the Treasury Secretary Ken Henry that the Australian economy would have been in recession without the stimulus package'. 46 Media reports, while headlined by the majority report's call to cut the stimulus spending, generally reflected the diversity of views between the majority and minority reports of the committee. 47 The government has not modified its fiscal package in response to the committee's report. Concluding comments Both the 1930 and 2009 Senate inquiries provided a valuable forum for discussion of the merits of macroeconomic policy in response to the challenges faced by Australia in the face of a global downturn. A difference between the two inquiries, both the initiative of non-government parties and chaired by an Opposition senator, was the degree to which the government cooperated. In 1930, as well as withdrawing its senators from the inquiry, the government ignored a request for Treasury officers to appear and would not facilitate the appearance of other expert witnesses. As Giblin comments in his history of central banking: These pinpricking tactics, for which Mr Fenton and Mr Lyons (as acting PM and acting treasurer) must have been responsible, are hard to understand as 44 ibid. 45 ibid. p. 68. 46 ibid. p. 69. 47 The Age, 27 October 2009; Australian Financial Review, 28 October 2009, p. 3. 95 they played into the Opposition's hands, both in weakening the Government case and giving justification for prolonging the inquiry. 48 By contrast the cooperative stance by government senators in 2009 meant that the report, and media commentary based on it, included support for as well as criticisms of their policy. 48 Giblin, op. cit., p. 113. As noted above, Giblin believed an incisive government senator would have been able to highlight inconsistencies and weak arguments. 96
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text:
Marshmallow Witches RecipeRead Reviews Be the first to add a review
- 1/2 cup vanilla frosting, divided
- 36 miniature semisweet chocolate chips
- 12 large marshmallows
- 1 drop each green, red and yellow food coloring, optional
- 1/4 cup flaked coconut
- 12 chocolate wafers
- 12 miniature peanut butter cups
- 12 milk chocolate kisses
- For the face of each witch, place a dab of frosting on the bottom of three chocolate chips; press two for eyes and one for nose onto each marshmallow.
- For hair, combine green food coloring and a drop of water in a small resealable plastic bag; add coconut and shake well. Spread a small amount of frosting on sides of marshmallows; press coconut hair into frosting. Place 3 tablespoons of frosting in a small heavy-duty resealable plastic bag; tint orange with red and yellow food coloring. Set aside.
- For hats, spread some of the remaining frosting in the center of chocolate wafers; press peanut butter cups upside down into frosting. Lightly spread bottoms of chocolate kisses with frosting; place on peanut butter cups. Cut a small hole in the corner of pastry or plastic bag; insert a small star tip. Fill the bag with frosting and pipe stars around the base of each peanut butter cup. Secure a hat to each witch with a dab of frosting. Yield: 1 dozen.
Reviews for Marshmallow Witches
"I made these several years ago and they were so cute and pretty easy. My kids and their friends thought they were just bewitching. lol I think I will make them again this Halloween."
"Great recipe - kid pleaser for sure."
"These were very easy to make and looked amazing. The only thing you need to remember is use large Campfire marshmallows (3 times the size of regular mallows) @ (Walmart) then add frosting on the bottom of each item, the marshmallow, each (mini chocolate chip), for eye and nose, each wafer cookie, (you can use Oreo's, but remove the icing and only use 1 piece of cookie and put icing on the printed side of the cookie to top the mallows), each mini Reese's peanut butter cups, each Hershey kisses. If you follow this procedure you will be very happy with the outcome."
"These are so cute and it is time consuming. I added a little bit of egg white powder to the icing so that it would hold better and dry faster. For the eyes I just used. Frosting instead of the mini chocolate chips. For presentation I placed them on a cupcake liner because the marshmallows seem to fall over and not stand up. Seems to be top heavy."
"Looks and taste good"


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[ Featured Artist of the Month ]
Contest Submission Rules:
Send us a note with the URL to the entry.
The note should be titled Contest Submission. (for organization purposes of course.)
We will be using the gallery only for contests.
We need ideas for future contests, so if you've got some great ideas comment this journal. I'd love to hear everyone's opinions.