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For the most current version of this Note, see Background Notes A-Z.
Republic of the Sudan
Area: 2.5 million sq. km. (967,500 sq. mi.); the largest country in Africa and almost the size of continental U.S. east of the Mississippi River.
Cities: Capital--Khartoum (pop. 1.4 million). Other cities--Omdurman (2.1 million), Port Sudan (pop. 450,000), Kassala, Kosti, Juba (capital of southern region).
Land boundaries: Central African Republic, Chad, Democratic Republic of the Congo, Egypt, Eritrea, Ethiopia, Kenya, Libya, and Uganda.
Terrain: Generally flat with mountains in east and west. Khartoum is situated at the confluence of the Blue and White Nile Rivers. The southern regions are inundated during the annual floods of the Nile River system (the Suud or swamps).
Climate: Desert and savanna in the north and central regions and tropical in the south.
Nationality: Noun and adjective (sing. and pl.)--Sudanese.
Population (2005 est.): 40.2 million; 30%-33% urban.
Annual growth rate (2004 est.): 2.6%.
Ethnic groups: Arab/Muslim north and black African/Christian and animist south.
Religions: Islam (official), indigenous beliefs (southern Sudan), Christianity.
Languages: Arabic (official), English, tribal languages.
Education: Years compulsory--8. Attendance--35%-40%. Literacy--61%.
Health: Infant mortality rate--64/1,000. Life expectancy--58.5 yrs.
Work force: Agriculture--80%; industry and commerce--7%; government--13%.
Type: Military dictatorship with pro-government parliament.
Independence: January 1, 1956.
Constitution: The Interim National Constitution was adopted on July 6, 2005, following drafting by the National Constitutional Review Commission, as mandated by the January 2005 Comprehensive Agreement. The previous constitution dates to 1998; it was passed by presidential decree but suspended in December 1999 when National Security Emergency law was promulgated by presidential decree.
Branches: Executive--executive authority held by the president, who also is the prime minister, head of state, head of government, and commander in chief of the armed forces; effective July 9, 2005, the executive branch includes a first vice president and a vice president. Judicial--High Court, Minister of Justice, Attorney General, civil and special tribunals (where Islamic principles inspire the constitution as well as civil and criminal law and jurisprudence), constitutional court, tribal courts, and investigative commissions. Legislative--National Assembly. Elections in December 2000 were seriously flawed as the major parties boycotted the election; the majority of ruling party candidates ran unopposed; and most remaining members of parliament, especially from the south, were appointed by the President.
Administrative subdivisions: Twenty-six states, each with a governor appointed by the president, along with a local cabinet and regional ministers (so-called Federal Rule system).
Political parties: All political parties were banned following the June 30, 1989 military coup. Political associations, which take the place of parties, were authorized in 2000. Some parties are in self-imposed exile.
Central government budget (2004 est.): $7.6 billion.
Defense (2004 est.): 40% of GNP.
GDP (2004): $19 billion.
GDP annual growth rate (2004): 6.4%.
Per capita income GDP (2004): $490.
Avg. annual inflation rate: 9.0%.
Natural resources: modest reserves of oil, natural gas, gold, iron ore, copper, and other industrial metals.
Agriculture (39% of GNP): Products--cotton, peanuts, sorghum, sesame seeds, gum arabic, sugarcane, livestock.
Industry: Types--motor vehicle assembly, cement, cotton, edible oils and sugar refining.
Trade (2004 est.): Exports--$2.0 billion: crude oil and petroleum products, cotton, gold, sorghum, peanuts, gum arabic, sugar, meat, hides, live animals, and sesame seeds. Major markets--Egypt, Persian Gulf states, Saudi Arabia, Malaysia, China, South Korea. Imports--$2.6 billion: oil and petroleum products, oil pipeline, pumping and refining equipment, chemical products and equipment, wheat and wheat flour, transport equipment, foodstuffs, tea, agricultural inputs and machinery, industrial inputs and manufactured goods. Major suppliers--European Union, China, Malaysia, Canada, U.K., Italy, Germany, Saudi Arabia, Egypt, the Gulf states.
Fiscal year: January 1-December 31.
In 2005, Sudan's population reached an estimated 40.2 million. A new census is planned for 2007. The population of metropolitan Khartoum (including Khartoum, Omdurman, and Khartoum North) is growing rapidly and ranges from 6-7 million, including around 2 million displaced persons from the southern war zone as well as western and eastern drought-affected and rebellion-affected areas.
Sudan has two distinct major cultures--Arab and black African--with hundreds of ethnic and tribal divisions and language groups, which makes effective collaboration among them a major problem.
The northern states cover most of the Sudan and include most of the urban centers. Most of the 22 million Sudanese who live in this region are Arabic-speaking Muslims, though the majority also use a traditional non-Arabic mother tongue--e.g., Nubian, Beja, Fur, Nuban, Ingessana, etc. Among these are several distinct tribal groups: the Kababish of northern Kordofan, a camel-raising people; the Ja'alin and Shaigiyya groups of settled tribes along the rivers; the seminomadic Baggara of Kordofan and Darfur; the Hamitic Beja in the Red Sea area and Nubians of the northern Nile areas, some of whom have been resettled on the Atbara River; and the Negroid Nuba of southern Kordofan and Fur in the western reaches of the country.
The southern region has a population of around 6 million and a predominantly rural, subsistence economy. This region has been negatively affected by war for all but 10 years since independence in 1956, resulting in serious neglect, lack of infrastructure development, and major destruction and displacement. More than 2 million people have died, and more than 4 million are internally displaced or have become refugees as a result of the civil war and war-related impacts. Here the Sudanese practice mainly indigenous traditional beliefs, although Christian missionaries have converted some. The south also contains many tribal groups and many more languages than are used than in the north. The Dinka--whose population is estimated at more than 1 million--is the largest of the many black African tribes of the Sudan. Along with the Shilluk and the Nuer, they are among the Nilotic tribes. The Azande, Bor, and Jo Luo are "Sudanic" tribes in the west, and the Acholi and Lotuhu live in the extreme south, extending into Uganda.
Sudan was a collection of small, independent kingdoms and principalities from the beginning of the Christian era until 1820-21, when Egypt conquered and unified the northern portion of the country. Historically, the pestilential swamps of the Suud discouraged expansion into the deeper south of the country. Although Egypt claimed all of present Sudan during most of the 19th century, it was unable to establish effective control over southern Sudan, which remained an area of fragmented tribes, subject to frequent attacks by slave raiders.
In 1881, a religious leader named Muhammad ibn Abdalla proclaimed himself the Mahdi, or the "expected one," and began a religious crusade to unify the tribes in western and central Sudan. His followers took on the name "Ansars" (the followers) which they continue to use today and are associated with the single largest political grouping, the Umma Party, led by a descendant of the Mahdi, Sadiq al Mahdi.
Taking advantage of dissatisfaction resulting from Ottoman-Egyptian exploitation and maladministration, the Mahdi led a nationalist revolt culminating in the fall of Khartoum in 1885. The Mahdi died shortly thereafter, but his state survived until overwhelmed by an invading Anglo-Egyptian force under Lord Kitchener in 1898. While nominally administered jointly by Egypt and Britain, Britain formulated policies and supplied most of the top administrators.
In February 1953, the United Kingdom and Egypt concluded an agreement providing for Sudanese self-government and self-determination. The transitional period toward independence began with the inauguration of the first parliament in 1954. With the consent of the British and Egyptian Governments, Sudan achieved independence on January 1, 1956, under a provisional constitution. The United States was among the first foreign powers to recognize the new state. However, the Arab-led Khartoum government reneged on promises to southerners to create a federal system, which led to a mutiny by southern army officers that launched 17 years of civil war (1955-72).
The National Unionist Party (NUP), under Prime Minister Ismail al-Azhari, dominated the first cabinet, which was soon replaced by a coalition of conservative political forces. In 1958, following a period of economic difficulties and political maneuvering that paralyzed public administration, Chief of Staff Lt. Gen. Ibrahim Abboud overthrew the parliamentary regime in a bloodless coup.
Gen. Abboud did not fulfill his promise to return Sudan to civilian government, however, and popular resentment against army rule led to a wave of riots and strikes in late October 1964 that forced the military to relinquish power.
A provisional government was installed until the April 1965 elections which saw a coalition government of the Umma and National Unionist Parties under Prime Minister Muhammad Ahmad Mahjoub. Between 1966 and 1969, Sudan had a series of governments that proved unable either to agree on a permanent constitution or to cope with problems of factionalism, economic stagnation, and ethnic dissidence. The succession of post-independence governments were dominated by Arab Muslims who viewed Sudan as a Muslim Arab state. Indeed, the Umma/NUP proposed 1968 constitution was arguably Sudan's first Islamic-oriented constitution.
Dissatisfaction culminated in a second military coup on May 25, 1969. The coup leader, Col. Gaafar Muhammad Nimeiri, became prime minister, and the new regime abolished parliament and outlawed all political parties. The Sudanese Communist Party capitalized on disputes between Marxist and non-Marxist elements within the ruling military coalition and led a coup in July 1971. It failed a few days later when, anti-communist military elements restored Nimeiri to power.
In 1972, the Addis Ababa agreement led to a cessation of the north-south civil war. The south was awarded a degree of self-rule. Hostilities ceased for ten years.
In 1976, the Ansars mounted a bloody but unsuccessful coup attempt. In July 1977, President Nimeiri met with Ansar leader Sadiq al-Mahdi, opening the way for reconciliation. Hundreds of political prisoners were released, and in August a general amnesty was announced for all opponents of Nimeiri's government.
In September 1983, as part of an Islamicization campaign, President Nimeiri announced his decision to incorporate traditional Islamic punishments drawn from Shari'a (Islamic Law) into the penal code. This was controversial even among Muslim groups. Ansar leader Sadiq al-Mahdi was placed under house arrest after publicly questioning Nimeiri's credentials to Islamicize Sudan's society. On April 26, 1983, President Nimeiri declared a state of emergency, in part to ensure that Shari'a was applied more broadly. Most constitutionally guaranteed rights were suspended. In the north, emergency courts, later known as "decisive justice courts," were established, with summary jurisdiction over criminal cases. Amputations for theft and public lashings for alcohol possession were common during the state of emergency. Southerners and other non-Muslims living in the north were also subjected to these punishments. These events, and other longstanding grievances, led to a resumption of the civil war that continued for 20 more years until the Comprehensive Peace Agreement was signed in late 2004.
In September 1984, President Nimeiri announced the end of the state of emergency and dismantled the emergency courts, but soon promulgated a new judiciary act, which continued many of the practices of the emergency courts. Despite Nimeiri's public assurances that the rights of non-Muslims would be respected, southerners and other non-Muslims remained deeply suspicious.
Early 1985 saw serious shortages of fuel and bread in Khartoum, a growing insurgency in the south, drought, famine, and an increasingly difficult refugee burden. In early April, during Nimeiri's absence from the country, massive demonstrations, triggered by price increases for bread and other staples, broke out in Khartoum.
On April 6, senior military officers led by Gen. Suwar al-Dahab mounted a coup. Among the first acts of the new government was to suspend the 1983 constitution and disband Nimeiri's Sudan Socialist Union. A 15-member transitional military council was named, chaired by Gen. Suwar al-Dahab. In consultation with an informal conference of political parties, unions, and professional organizations known as the "Gathering," the council appointed an interim civilian cabinet, headed by Prime Minister Dr. Al Gizouli Defalla.
Elections were held in April 1986, and a civilian government took over from the transitional military council. The government, headed by Prime Minister Sadiq al-Mahdi of the Umma Party, consisted of a coalition of the Umma, DUP (formerly NUP), the National Islamic Front (Hassan al-Turabi's NIF) and several southern parties. This coalition dissolved and reformed several times over the next few years, with Sadiq al-Mahdi and his Umma party always in a central role.
During this period, the civil war intensified and the economy continued to deteriorate. Price increases for bread and basic goods sparked riots in 1988, causing the government to roll back the increases. The civil war was particularly divisive (see "Civil Strife" below). When Sadiq al-Mahdi refused to approve a peace plan reached by the DUP and the Sudan People's Liberation Army (SPLA) in November 1988, the DUP left the government. The new government consisted essentially of the Umma and the Islamic fundamentalist NIF.
In February 1989, the army presented Sadiq with an ultimatum: he could move toward peace or be thrown out. He formed a new government with the DUP and approved the SPLA/DUP agreement. On June 30, 1989, however, military officers under then-Col. Omar Hassan al-Bashir, with NIF instigation and support, replaced the government with the Revolutionary Command Council for National Salvation (RCC), a junta comprised of 15 (reduced to 12 in 1991) military officers assisted by a civilian cabinet. General al-Bashir became president and chief of state, prime minister and chief of the armed forces. Twelve years later, he continues to hold executive authority over the Khartoum government.
In March 1991, a new penal code, the Criminal Act of 1991, instituted harsh punishments nationwide, including amputations and stoning. Although the southern states were "officially" exempt from these Islamic prohibitions and penalties, the 1991 act provided for a possible future application of Islamic Law (Shari'a) in the south. In 1993, the government transferred all non-Muslim judges from the south to the north, replacing them with Muslim Judges. The introduction of Public Order Police to enforce Shari'a law resulted in the arrest and treatment under Shari'a law of southerners and other non-Muslims living in the north.
Civil Strife
Since independence, Sudan has experienced almost constant ethnic and religious strife which has penetrated all the states bordering it. These countries have provided shelter to fleeing refugees or have served as operating bases for rebellious movements. The civil strife has retarded Sudan's economic and political development as well as forced massive internal displacement of its people.
On the eve of independence in 1955, when the Khartoum Government reneged on promises to southerners to create a federal government, southern army officers mutinied. For the next 17 years, the southern region experienced civil strife, and various southern leaders agitated for regional autonomy or outright secession.
This chronic state of insurgency against the central government was suspended in 1972 after the signing of the Addis Ababa Accords granting southern Sudan wide regional autonomy on internal matters. But a 1983 decree by President Nimeiri declaring his intention to transform Sudan into a Muslin Arab state, divided the south into three regions and instituted Shari'a law. This decree revived southern opposition and militant insurgency.
The new government rescinded this decree after the 1985 coup and made other significant overtures aimed at reconciling north and south but did not rescind the so-called September Laws of the Nimeiri regime instituting Shari'a Law. In May 1986, the Sadiq al-Mahdi government began peace negotiations with the SPLA, led by Col. John Garang de Mabior. In that year the SPLA and a number of Sudanese political parties met in Ethiopia and agreed to the "Koka Dam" declaration, which called for abolishing Islamic law and convening a constitutional conference. In 1988, the SPLA and the DUP agreed on a peace plan calling for the abolition of military pacts with Egypt and Libya, freezing of Islamic law, an end to the state of emergency, and a cease-fire. A constitutional conference would then be convened.
Following an ultimatum from the armed forces in February 1989, the Sadiq al-Mahdi government approved this peace plan and engaged in several rounds of talks with the SPLA. A constitutional conference was tentatively planned for September 1989. The military government, which took over on June 30, 1989, however, repudiated the DUP/SPLA agreement and state it wished to negotiate with the SPLA without preconditions. Negotiations were renewed in August and December 1989, but there was little progress.
In August 1991, internal dissention among the rebels led opponents of Colonel Garang's leadership of the SPLA to form the so-called Nasir faction of the rebel army. In September 1992, William Nyuon Bany formed a second rebel faction, and in February 1993, Kerubino Kwanyin Bol formed a third rebel faction. On April 5, 1993, the three dissident rebel factions announced a coalition of their groups called SPLA United at a press conference in Nairobi, Kenya. After 1991, these factions occasionally clashed, diminishing the rebels' credibility with the West.
Since 1993, the leaders of Eritrea, Ethiopia, Uganda, and Kenya pursued a peace initiative for the Sudan under the auspices of the Intergovernmental Authority for Development (IGAD), but results were mixed. Despite that record, the IGAD initiative promulgated the 1994 Declaration of Principles (DOP) that aimed to identify the essential elements necessary to a just and comprehensive peace settlement; i.e., the relationship between religion and the state, powersharing, wealthsharing, and the right of self-determination for the south. The Sudanese Government did not sign the DOP until 1997 after major battlefield losses to the SPLA.
In 1995, a coalition of internal and exiled opposition parties in the north and the south created the National Democratic Alliance as an anti-government umbrella group. This development opened a northeastern front to the civil war, making it more than before a center-periphery rather than simply a north-south conflict. The SPLA, DUP, and Umma Parties were the key groups forming the NDA, along with several smaller parties and northern ethnic groups.
In 1997, the government signed a series of agreements with rebel factions, led by former Garang Lieutenant Riek Machar, under the banner of "Peace from Within." These included the Khartoum, Nuba Mountains, and Fashoda agreements that ended military conflict between the government and significant rebel factions. Many of those leaders then moved to Khartoum where they assumed marginal roles in the central government, or collaborated with the government in military engagements against the SPLA. These three agreements paralleled the terms and conditions of the IGAD agreement, calling for a degree of autonomy for the south and the right of self-determination.
In July 2000, the Libyan/Egyptian Joint Initiative on the Sudan was mooted, calling for the establishment of an interim government, powersharing, constitutional reform, and new elections. Southern critics objected to the joint initiative because it neglected to address issues of the relationship between religion and the state and failed to mention the right of self-determination.
In September 2001, the Bush Administration named former Senator John Danforth as its Presidential Envoy for Peace in the Sudan. His role was to explore the prospects that the U.S. could play a useful role in the search for a just end to the civil war, and enhance the delivery of humanitarian aid to reduce the suffering of the Sudanese people stemming from the effects of civil war. .
In July 2002, the Government of Sudan and the Sudan People's Liberation Movement/Army reached a historic agreement on the role of state and religion and the right of southern Sudan to self-determination. This agreement, known as the Machakos Protocol and named after the town in Kenya where the peace talks were held, concluded the first round of talks sponsored by the Intergovernmental Authority on Development. The effort was mediated by Kenyan General Lazaro Sumbeiywo. Peace talks resumed and continued during 2003, with discussions regarding wealth sharing and three contested areas.
However, while the historic north-south conflict was on its way to resolution, a rebellion broke out in Darfur, in western Sudan, in 2003, led by two rebel groups--the Sudan Liberation Movement/Army (SLM/A) and the Justice and Equality Movement (JEM). These groups represented agrarian farmers who were non-Arabized black African Muslims. In seeking to defeat the rebel movements, the Government of Sudan armed and supported local tribal and other militias, which have come to be known as the "Jingaweit." Their members were composed of Arabized black African Muslims who herded cattle, camels and other livestock. Attacks on the civilian population by the Jingaweit, often with the direct support of Government of Sudan forces, have led to the death of tens of thousands of persons in Darfur. Some two million persons have been internally displaced in Darfur; an additional 213,000 have sought refuge from the conflict in neighboring Chad.
On September 9, 2004, Secretary of State Colin L. Powell told the Senate Foreign Relations Committee that "genocide has been committed in Darfur and that the Government of Sudan and the Jingaweit bear responsibility--and that genocide may still be occurring." President Bush echoed this in July 2005, when he stated that the situation in Darfur was "clearly genocide."
A cease-fire between the parties was signed in N'djamena, Chad, on April 8, 2004; despite the deployment of an African Union observer force to monitor implementation of the cease-fire and investigate violations, violence has continued. The SLA/M and JEM have continued negotiations with the Government of Sudan under mediation of the African Union. These talks resulted in additional protocols on addressing the humanitarian and security aspects of the conflict on November 9, 2004. Like previous agreements, these have been violated by both sides. Talks resumed in Abuja on June 10, 2005, resulting in a July 6 signing of a Declaration of Principles. Further talks are scheduled for the fall of 2005 and will cover power sharing, wealth sharing, and security arrangements. The African Union, with the support of the UN Security Council, the United States, and the rest of the international community, began deploying a larger monitoring and observer force in October 2004. By July 2005, this force had reached approximately 3,320, with the African Union committing to a force level of roughly 7,700 by September 2005. The United Nations Security Council had passed three resolutions (1556, 1564, and 1574), all intended to move the Government of Sudan to rein in the Jingaweit, protect the civilian population and humanitarian participants, seek avenues toward a political settlement to the humanitarian and political crisis, and recognize the need for the rapid deployment of an expanded African Union mission in Darfur. The United States has been a leader in pressing for strong international action by the United Nations and its agencies. In February 2005, the U.S. circulated a draft resolution in the UN Security Council that would establish a UN peace support operation in the Sudan and includes measures to pressure the parties to the Darfur conflict to abide by their commitments in previous resolutions, including targeted sanctions.
On November 19, 2004, the Government of Sudan and the Sudan People's Liberation Movement/Army signed a declaration committing themselves to conclude a final comprehensive peace agreement by December 31, 2004, in the context of a special session of the United Nations Security Council in Nairobi, Kenya--only the fourth time the Council has met outside of New York since its founding. At this session, the UNSC unanimously adopted Resolution 1574, which welcomed the commitment of the government and the SPLM/A to achieve agreement by the end of 2004, and underscored the international community's intention to assist the Sudanese people and support implementation of the comprehensive peace agreement. It also demanded that the Government of Sudan and the SLA/M and JEM halt all violence in Darfur.
In keeping with their commitment to the Security Council, the Government of Sudan and the Sudan People's Liberation Movement/Army initialed the final elements of the comprehensive agreement on December 31, 2004. The two parties formally signed the Comprehensive Peace Agreement (CPA) on January 9, 2005. The United States and the international community have welcomed this decisive step forward for peace in Sudan.
A series of UN Security Council resolutions in late March 2005 underscored the concerns of the international community regarding Sudan's continuing conflicts. Resolution 1590 of March 24 established the UN Mission in Sudan (UNMIS) for an initial period of six months and decided that UNMIS would consist of up to 10,000 military personnel and up to 715 civilian police personnel. It requested UNMIS to coordinate with the African Union Mission in Sudan (AMIS) to foster peace in Darfur, support implementation of the CPA, facilitate the voluntary return of refugees and internally displaced persons, provide humanitarian demining assistance, and protect human rights. The resolution also called on the Government of Sudan and rebel groups to resume the Abuja talks and support a peaceful settlement to the conflict in Darfur, including ensuring safe access for peacekeeping and humanitarian operations.
Resolution 1591 of March 29 criticized the Government of Sudan and rebels in Darfur for having failed to comply with several previous Security Council resolutions, for ceasefire violations, and for human rights abuses. The resolution also calls on all parties to resume the Abuja talks and to support a peaceful settlement to the conflict in Darfur; it also forms a monitoring committee charged with enforcing a travel ban and asset freeze of those determined to impede the peace process, or violate human rights. The resolution additionally demanded that the Government of Sudan cease conducting offensive military flights in and over the Darfur region.
Finally, Resolution 1593 referred the situation in Darfur to the prosecutor of the International Criminal Court (ICC) and called on the Government of Sudan and all other parties to the conflict in Darfur to cooperate with the ICC.
As of July 2005, large-scale conflict in Darfur had diminished, although attacks on humanitarian operations increased, rendering assistance to internally displaced and vulnerable persons hazardous. Overall international assistance levels reached more than $1.3 billion since the UN's September 2003 appeal; principal implementing agencies included the World Food Program (WFP), UNHCR, UNICEF, and various non-governmental organizations (NGOs).
On April 28, 2005, the African Union decided to expand its 3,320-member peacekeeping operation to approximately 7,700 total personnel by September 2005. This will include roughly 5,500 troops, 1,600 civilian police, and 700 military observers. The civil war had displaced more than 4 million southerners. Some fled into southern cities, such as Juba; others trekked as far north as Khartoum and even into Ethiopia, Kenya, Uganda, Egypt, and other neighboring countries. These people were unable to grow food or earn money to feed themselves, and malnutrition and starvation became widespread. The lack of investment in the south resulted as well in what international humanitarian organizations call a "lost generation" who lack educational opportunities and access to basic health care services, and who have little prospect for productive employment in the small and weak economies of the south or the north. Following an internal outcry, the Sadiq al-Mahdi government in March 1989 agreed with the UN and donor nations (including the U.S.) on a plan called Operation Lifeline Sudan (OLS), under which some 100,000 metric tons of food was moved into both government and SPLA-held areas of the Sudan, and widespread starvation was averted. Phase II of OLS to cover 1990 was approved by both the government and the SPLA in March 1990. In 1991, Sudan faced a 2-year drought and food shortage across the entire country. The U.S., UN, and other donors attempted to mount a coordinated international relief effort in both north and south Sudan to prevent a catastrophe. However, due to Sudan's human rights abuses and its pro-Iraqi stance during the Gulf War, many donors cut much of their aid to the Sudan. In a similar drought in 2000-01, the U.S. and the international community again responded to avert mass starvation in the Sudan. The U.S. and other donors continue to provide large amounts of humanitarian aid to all parts of the Sudan.
Sudan has an authoritarian government in which all effective political power is in the hands of President Omar Hassan al-Bashir. Bashir and his party have controlled the government since he led the military coup on June 30, 1989.
From 1983 to 1997, the Sudan was divided into five regions in the north and three in the south, each headed by a military governor. After the April 6, 1985 military coup, regional assemblies were suspended. The RCC was abolished in 1996, and the ruling National Islamic Front changed its name to the National Congress Party. After 1997, the structure of regional administration was replaced by the creation of 26 states. The executives, cabinets, and senior-level state officials are appointed by the president, and their limited budgets are determined by and dispensed from Khartoum. The states, as a result, remain economically dependent upon the central government. Khartoum state, comprising the capital and outlying districts, is administered by a governor.
In December 1999, a power struggle climaxed between President al-Bashir and then-speaker of parliament Hassan al-Turabi, who was the NIF founder and an Islamist ideologue. Al-Turabi was stripped of his posts in the ruling party and the government, parliament was disbanded, the constitution was suspended, and a state of national emergency was declared by presidential decree. Parliament resumed in February 2001 after the December 2000 presidential and parliamentary elections. National emergency laws remained in effect until July 6, 2005, when they were lifted for all provinces except Red Sea, Kassala, and Darfur. Al-Turabi was arrested in February 2001, and charged with being a threat to national security and the constitutional order for signing a memorandum of understanding with the SPLA. He was placed in a maximum security prison. Al-Turabi was released in 2003, then detained again in 2004, and released again on July 6, 2005.
The Comprehensive Peace Agreement signed January 9, 2005, provides for a new constitution, and new arrangements for power sharing, wealth sharing, and security applicable throughout the country. New institutions were created following the July 9, 2005 installation of the Government of National Unity, wherein SPLM Chairman John Garang became the First Vice President. Thereafter, a new Government of Southern Sudan will be established. On April 30, 2005, the National Constitution Review Commission convened to draft the Interim National Constitution, which was ratified on July 6, 2005.
On July 30, 2005, the charismatic and revered SPLM leader John Garang died unexpectedly when the helicopter returning him to the Sudan after a meeting with Uganda's president crashed. The SPLM immediately named Salva Kiir as his successor and he replaced Garang as First Vice President a few days later.
Principal Government Officials
President, Prime Minister, and Commander in Chief of the Armed Forces--Lt. Gen. Omar Hassan Ahmed al-Bashir
First Vice President--Salva Kiir
Vice President--Ali Osman Muhamad Taha Foreign Minister--Mustafa Osman Ismail
Ambassador to the U.S.--vacant (Khidir Ahmed Haroun, Charge d'Affaires, a.i.)
Ambassador to the UN--Fathi Irwa
Sudan maintains an embassy in the United States at 2210 Massachusetts Ave. NW, Washington, DC 20008 (tel: (202) 338-8565; fax: (202) 667-2406).
In 2004, the cessation of major north-south hostilities and expanding crude oil exports resulted in 6.4% GDP growth and a near doubling of GDP per capita since 2003. The aftereffects of the 21-year civil war and very limited infrastructure, however, present obstacles to stronger growth and a broader distribution of income. The country continued taking some steps toward transitioning from a socialist to a market-based economy, although the government and governing party supporters remained heavily involved in the economy.
Sudan's primary resources are agricultural, but oil production and export are taking on greater importance since October 2000. Although the country is trying to diversify its cash crops, cotton and gum arabic remain its major agricultural exports. Grain sorghum (dura) is the principal food crop, and wheat is grown for domestic consumption. Sesame seeds and peanuts are cultivated for domestic consumption and increasingly for export. Livestock production has vast potential, and many animals, particularly camels and sheep, are exported to Egypt, Saudi Arabia, and other Arab countries. However, Sudan remains a net importer of food. Problems of irrigation and transportation remain the greatest constraints to a more dynamic agricultural economy.
The country's transportation facilities consist of one 4,800-kilometer (2, 748-mi.), single-track railroad with a feeder line, supplemented by limited river steamers, Sudan airways, and about 1,900 km. (1,200 mi.) of paved and gravel road--primarily in greater Khartoum, Port Sudan, and the north. Some north-south roads that serve the oil fields of central/south Sudan have been built; and a 1,400 km. (840 mi.) oil pipeline goes from the oil fields via the Nuba Mountains and Khartoum to the oil export terminal in Port Sudan on the red Sea.
Sudan's limited industrial development consists of agricultural processing and various light industries located in Khartoum North. In recent years, the GIAD industrial complex introduced the assembly of small autos and trucks, and some heavy military equipment such as armored personnel carriers and the proposed "Bashir" main battle tank. Although Sudan is reputed to have great mineral resources, exploration has been quite limited, and the country's real potential is unknown. Small quantities of asbestos, chromium, and mica are exploited commercially.
Extensive petroleum exploration began in the mid-1970s and might produce all of Sudan's needs. Significant finds were made in the Upper Nile region and commercial quantities of oil began to be exported in October 2000, reducing Sudan's outflow of foreign exchange for imported petroleum products. There are indications of significant potential reserves of oil and natural gas in southern Sudan, the Kordofan region and the Red Sea province.
Sudan is seeking to expand its installed capacity of electrical generation of around 300 megawatts--of which 180 mw is hydroelectric and the rest, thermal. Considering the continuing U.S. economic, trade, and financial sanctions regime, European investors are the most likely providers of technology for this purpose. More than 70% of Sudan's hydropower comes from the Roseires Dam on the Blue Nile grid. Various projects are proposed to expand hydropower, thermal generation, and other sources of energy, but so far the government has had difficulty arranging sufficient financing.
The Merowe dam project has received a boost from various Arab funds. The Arab Fund for Economic and Social Development donated $150 million, the Abu Dhabi Development Fund $100 million, the Kuwaiti Development Fund $150 million, and the Saudi Fund $150 million. The Sultanate of Oman may finance the dam power plant with $106 million. The Merowe dam, if built, would have a capacity of 1,250 mw. It would be built at the Nile's fourth cataract. Egypt has not voiced major objections on the issue of Nile water diversion, which Sudan's hydroelectric project would entail. The estimated total cost of the dam is $1.8 billion.
Historically, the U.S., the Netherlands, Italy, Germany, Saudi Arabia, Kuwait, and other Organization of Petroleum Exporting Countries (OPEC) have supplied most of Sudan's economic assistance. Sudan's role as an economic link between Arab and African countries is reflected by the presence in Khartoum of the Arab Bank for African development. The World Bank had been the largest source of development loans.
Sudan will require extraordinary levels of program assistance and debt relief to manage a foreign debt exceeding $21 billion, more than the country's entire annual gross domestic product (GDP). During the late 1970s and 1980s, the International Monetary Fund (IMF), World Bank, and key donors worked closely to promote reforms to counter the effect of inefficient economic policies and practices. By 1984, a combination of factors--including drought, inflation, and confused application of Islamic law--reduced donor disbursements, and capital flight led to a serious foreign-exchange crisis and increased shortages of imported inputs and commodities. More significantly, the 1989 revolution caused many donors in Europe, the U.S., and Canada to suspend official development assistance, but not humanitarian aid.
However, as Sudan became the world's largest debtor to the World Bank and International Monetary Fund by 1993, its relationship with the international financial institutions soured in the mid-1990s and has yet to be fully rehabilitated. The government fell out of compliance with an IMF standby program and accumulated substantial arrearages on repurchase obligations. A 4-year economic reform plan was announced in 1988 but was not pursued. An economic reform plan was announced in 1989 and implementation began on a 3-year economic restructuring program designed to reduce the public sector deficit, end subsidies, privatize state enterprises, and encourage new foreign and domestic investment. In 1993, the IMF suspended Sudan's voting rights and the World Bank suspended Sudan's right to make withdrawals under effective and fully disbursed loans and credits. Lome Funds and European Union (EU) agricultural credits, totaling more than 1 billion euros, also were suspended.
Sudan produces about 312,000 barrels per day (b/d) of oil, which brought in about $1.9 billion in 2003 and provides 70% of the country's total export earnings. Although final figures are not yet available, these earnings may have risen to an estimated $2 billion as of the end of 2004. The oil production is expected to reach 500,000 barrels by 2005. With a resolution of its 21-year civil war, Sudan and its people can now begin to reap the benefit from its natural resources, rebuild its infrastructure, increase oil production and exports, and be able to attain its export and development potential.
In 2000-01 Sudan's current account entered surplus for the first time since independence. In 1993, currency controls were imposed, making it illegal to possess foreign exchange without approval. In 1999, liberalization of foreign exchange markets ameliorated this constraint somewhat. Exports other than oil are largely stagnant. However, the small industrial sector remains in the doldrums, and Sudan's inadequate and declining infrastructure inhibits economic growth.
The Sudan People's Armed Forces is a 100,000-member army supported by a small air force and navy. Irregular tribal and former rebel militias and Popular Defense Forces supplement the army's strength in the field. This is a mixed force, having the additional duty of maintaining internal security. Some rebels currently fighting in the south are former army members. During the 1990s, periodic purges of the professional officer corps by the ruling Islamist regime eroded command authority as well as war-fighting capabilities. Indeed, the Sudanese Government admitted it was incapable of carrying out its war aims against the SPLA and NDA without employing former rebel and Arab militias to fight in support of regular troops.
Sudan's military forces have historically been hampered by limited and outdated equipment. In the 1980s, the U.S. worked with the Sudanese Government to upgrade equipment with special emphasis on airlift capacity and logistics. All U.S. military assistance was terminated following the military coup of 1989. Oil revenues have allowed the government to purchase modern weapons systems, including Hind helicopter gun ships, Anatov medium bombers, MiG 23 fighter aircraft, mobile artillery pieces, and light assault weapons. Sudan now receives most of its military equipment from Iraq, China, Russia, and Libya.
Solidarity with other Arab countries has been a feature of Sudan's foreign policy. When the Arab-Israeli war began in June 1967, Sudan declared war on Israel. However, in the early 1970s, Sudan gradually shifted its stance and was supportive of the Camp David Accords.
Relations between Sudan and Libya deteriorated in the early 1970s and reached a low in October 1981, when Libya began a policy of crossborder raids into western Sudan. After the 1985 coup in Sudan, the military government resumed diplomatic relations with Libya, as part of a policy of improving relations with neighboring and Arab states. In early 1990, Libya and the Sudan announced that they would seek "unity." This unity was never implemented.
During the 1990s, Sudan sought to steer a nonaligned course, courting Western aid and seeking rapprochement with Arab states, while maintaining cooperative ties with Libya, Syria, North Korea, Iran, and Iraq. Sudan's support for regional insurgencies such as Egyptian Islamic Jihad, Eritrian Islamic Jihad, Ethiopian Islamic Jihad, Palestinian Islamic Jihad, Hamas, Hizbullah, and the Lord's Resistance Army generated great concern about their contribution to regional instability. Allegations of the government's complicity in the assassination attempt against the Egyptian President in Ethiopia in 1995 led to UN Security Council sanctions against the Sudan. By the late 1990s, Sudan experienced strained or broken diplomatic relations with most of its nine neighboring countries. However, since 2000, Sudan has actively sought regional rapprochement that has rehabilitated most of these regional relations.
U.S. interests in Sudan are counter-terrorism, regional stability, internal peace, protection of human rights, and humanitarian relief.
Sudan broke diplomatic relations with the U.S. in June 1967, following the outbreak of the Arab-Israeli War. Relations improved after July 1971, when the Sudanese Communist Party attempted to overthrow President Nimeiri, and Nimeiri suspected Soviet involvement. U.S. assistance for resettlement of refugees following the 1972 peace settlement with the south added further impetus to the improvement of relations.
On March 1, 1973, Palestinian terrorists of the "Black September" organization murdered U.S. Ambassador Cleo A. Noel and Deputy Chief of Mission Curtis G. Moore. Sudanese officials arrested the terrorists and tried them on murder charges. In June 1974, however, they were released to the custody of the Egyptian Government. The U.S. Ambassador to the Sudan was withdrawn in protest. Although the U.S. Ambassador returned to Khartoum in November, relations with the Sudan remained static until early 1976, when President Nimeiri mediated the release of 10 American hostages being held by Eritrean insurgents in rebel strongholds in northern Ethiopia. In 1976, the U.S. decided to resume economic assistance to the Sudan.
In late 1985, there was a reduction in staff at the American Embassy in Khartoum because of the presence in Khartoum of a large contingent of Libyan terrorists. In April 1986, relations with Sudan deteriorated when the U.S. bombed Tripoli, Libya. A U.S. Embassy employee was shot on April 16, 1986. Immediately following this incident, all nonessential personnel and all dependents left for 6 months. Sudan in this period was the single largest recipient of U.S. development and military assistance in Sub-Saharan Africa. The U.S. has worked closely with Sudanese governments since 1986 to see that emergency relief assistance is provided to those displaced by the civil war. However, official U.S. development assistance was suspended in 1989 in the wake of the military coup against the elected government.
Sudan's position during the Iraq/Kuwait crisis in the early 1990s strained relations with the U.S. Sudan stated that Iraq should not have invaded Kuwait, but it was equally critical of the presence of Western forces on Islamic holy lands.
In the early and mid-1990s, Carlos the Jackal, Osama bin Laden, Abu Nidal, and other terrorist leaders resided in Khartoum. Sudan's role in the radical Pan-Arab Islamic Conference represented a matter of great concern to the security of American officials and dependents in Khartoum, resulting in a number of draw-downs and/or evacuations of U.S. personnel from Khartoum in the early-mid 1990s. Sudan's Islamist links with international terrorist organizations represented a special matter of concern for the U.S. Government, leading to Sudan's 1993 designation as a state sponsor of terrorism and a 1996 suspension of U.S. Embassy operations in Khartoum and a radical reduction in American Embassy and USAID staff. The U.S. added Sudan to its terrorism list in 1993 because Sudan was a safe haven for Islamic terrorist groups and because Sudan supported insurrections and/or radicals in Algeria, Egypt, Eritrea, Ethiopia, Tunisia, and Uganda. After Sudan was designated a state sponsor of terrorism, relations plummeted and have only made a modest recovery to date.
In October 1997, the U.S. imposed comprehensive economic, trade, and financial sanctions against the Sudan. In August 1998, in the wake of the East Africa embassy bombings, the U.S. launched retaliatory cruise missile strikes against Khartoum. The last U.S. Ambassador to the Sudan, Ambassador Tim Carney, departed post prior to this event and no new ambassador has been designated since. The U.S. Embassy is headed by a charge d'affaires.
The U.S. and Sudan entered into a bilateral dialogue on counter-terrorism in May 2000, and Sudan has provided concrete cooperation against international terrorism since the September 11, 2001 terrorism strikes on New York and Washington. However, though Sudan publicly supported the international coalition actions against the al Qa'ida network and the Taliban in Afghanistan, the government criticized the U.S. strikes in that country and opposed a widening of the effort against international terrorism to other countries. Sudan remains on the state sponsors of terrorism list. However, the United States remains a major donor of humanitarian aid to Sudan. For fiscal years 2003-2005, the United States Government committed almost $2 billion to Sudan for humanitarian assistance, conflict resolution in Darfur, reconstruction and development and support for implementation of the peace accord.
Principal U.S. Officials
Charge d'Affaires--John Limbert
Deputy Chief of Mission--Andrew Steinfeld
USAID Director--Catherine Farnsworth
Political-Economic Chief--Janice Elmore (Eric Whitaker scheduled to arrive late August 2005)
Public Affairs Officer--Elizabeth Colton
Short URL: http://m.state.gov/md52635.htm


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|Diet and Nutrition Advice
|Whether you're trying to overcome food boredom or break through a weight-loss plateau, we have solutions to help you get through any diet detour. Here are tips and tricks to help you stay on track as you reach your goals.
|See diet and nutrition tips.
Food Tips
|The first step in transitioning to the South Beach Diet lifestyle is to educate yourself about the many healthy, delicious foods you can enjoy and learning how to incorporate these foods into your everyday meals.
|See all food tips.
|The journey of reaching your weight-loss goal starts in the kitchen. And the South Beach Diet is all about enjoying a variety of nutrient-dense, fiber-rich, wholesome foods, so you'll most likely be preparing more meals at home for you and your family.
|See all recipes.
Fitness Tips
|Sticking to a regular exercise routine is encouraged on the South Beach Diet. Whether you try interval walking or hit the gym, you'll not only feel healthier and more energized, but it also helps you reach your goals faster.
|See all fitness tips.
Tips for a Healthy Life
|With a growing number of Americans struggling with heart disease and diabetes, it's important for you to make healthy lifestyle changes now to improve your health. By following the South Beach Diet, you're on the right track.
|See all healthy living tips.

subset: commoncrawl


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Renovation Adults Children Teens Computers Genealogy/Reference Friends of the Library
Early literacy is a major focus at the Calhoun-Gordon County Library. Many activities throughout the year are geared toward this cause. The annual summer reading program, author/illustrator visits, and special story times. It's never too early to start bringing your children to the library. The children's collection consists of easy readers, beginning readers, Caldecott and Newberry award -winning books, audio books, children's videos, and juvenile fiction and non-fiction.
Story times are due to start up in November. Below is the November Calendar. Also check our event calendar for dates.
CG – November Calendar for Story Times


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Rated 3.3 out of 5 by 56 reviewers.
Rated 5 out of 5 by Ajperk Great product!! The previous cover was stained. After washing it and trying to put it back on the cushion, it no longer fit. In fact, the zipper split. Searched for the product online and found it at your store. It arrived quickly and now it looks like a new sofa. Love it. November 26, 2013
Rated 5 out of 5 by Family This is Awesome My son is 10 and he loves this sofa/bed. His room can be a sitting room during the day, He is homeschooled and has many friends from drama and chruch that come and hang out. This is and Awesome sofa and chair for a kids room or a game room for your home. The kids fight over who will sleep on it! August 17, 2011
Rated 5 out of 5 by Grandma in training Where are the additional colors? I love this day sofa. It is perfect in the study for watching tv, reading or extra sleeping when the kids come for a visit. Only thing I would change is the color. Wish there were other colors availble as the description indicates. June 28, 2011
Rated 5 out of 5 by Christina Thank you for selling slipcovers! I'm so glad that you are selling slipcovers! I've had one too many accidents on my sofa and I the slip cover actually shrunk at the cleaners. The frame is very sturdy and still good but I really needed new slipcovers. I'll be buying extra sets right away! January 3, 2011
Rated 5 out of 5 by Tash Great Item Great item....would be awesome in different colors December 31, 2010
Rated 5 out of 5 by World Market lover Happy to find them I bought two studio day sofas couple years ago and I love them, are very comfortable and stylish. I'm very happy to finally find them selling separate, but I think the price is high for these slipcovers, Im going to wait for discount or coupon to buy two sets. November 20, 2010
Rated 5 out of 5 by Grandma Toddler bed as well I lifed both end of the sofa and bought a child railing and it became a toddler bed for my grandchild. Loved it. no need to have playpen or additional child bed when he visits. As he grows, easily adapted to his size. November 13, 2010
Rated 5 out of 5 by DreamGirl84 Excited!!! I Love this Chair and will be ordering replacement covers should I need them in the future! The label CLEARLY says dry clean only, so if you washed them and they fell apart, the zippers broke, or it shrunk...sorry to say it...but it's your own fault...user error...im so excited to order my covers to ensure my studio day sofa stays around! March 30, 2010


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Chesterton Development
Geeks » User Interface Design » Essex » Tilbury » Chesterton Development
Contact Information
Tilbury Essex User Interface Design
Contact Name: Chesterton Development
Phone: +44 (0)20 3239 2437
E-mail: email@example.com
Website: http://www.chestertondevelopment.com
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Chesterton Development
User Interface Design in Tilbury Essex
Tilbury Essex User Interface Design, Chesterton Development and information contained on GeeksDelivered and its associated web sites is provided as a service to the online community. Our goal is to provide quality companies and related information to help you make a wise decision when searching a User Interface Design in Tilbury Essex, however, we make no claims, promises, or guarantees as to the accuracy, completeness, or adequacy of the information contained in or linked to this web site and its associated sites.
GeeksDelivered is primarily concerned with providing the most relevant information, history, and track record for any Tilbury Essex User Interface Design. Projects can cost hundreds of thousands of dollars, so it is critical that before you select a vendor you ask for references and, where possible, photos and other proof of previous work completed, including locations. If you are looking for the best User Interface Design in the Tilbury Essex area, your search is over. Should you have any concerns regarding companies or services listed with us, please contact us immediately.
Business Overview
- We believe strongly in accessibility and usability.
- We have a proven track record of client satisfaction and a strong portfolio.
- We create websites which meet your business objectives and don't just look good.
- We are not a graphic design agency who design for the web. We work solely on the web and we understand it and we know how to make your website a success.
- We create websites which conform to web standards.
- We're a global company and have worked with clients as far afield as USA and Iraq but we treat each client on a personal basis.
Products and Services
Web Design, Web Development, Search Engine Optimisation (SEO), User Interface Design, Content Management System (CMS) Design and Development
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Credit Card, Cheque, Paypal, Cash
- A custom built photography website for a new company based in Essex. It was designed with ease-of-use in mind, for both users and administrators, featuring a custom CMS system for uploading and administrating photos. It is designed to fit with their workflow and interfaces with many popular photo editing tools such as Photo Mechanic and Adobe Photoshop. Also features a custom E-Commerce and billing system.
What we did on this project: User Analysis, Website Design, CSS and HTML, Bespoke CMS Development
- View Photo
- Glipps is a social networking website, still under construction, designed to connect friends through the use of 'Glipps' or challenges. The site involves many common social features such as friends, private messages, friend-import from other websites including API integration and photo upload.
What we did on this project: Website Design, CSS and HTML, Bespoke CMS Development, API Integration, Advanced Web Application Development
- View Photo
iCorkboard Screenshot
- A screenshot of our iPad application, iCorkboard.
- View Photo
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For many agency heads or department managers, any mention of "Enterprise Architecture" causes emotional reactions ranging from fear to outright antagonism. Often enterprise architecture has come to mean "yet another IT project and expense which I don't have time for and from which I won't see any tangible results." For others, it is simply a checkbox that must be filled to get the money needed to get real work done.
But what is Enterprise Architecture really? And who is it intended to benefit?
Many complicated definitions and explanations could be presented, but at the core, enterprise architecture is very simple: it starts with the idea that one should plan technology purchases and development ahead of time and -- here's the important part -- that the business people, not technology people, should determine what is needed (the requirements).
The classic analogy in a non-high tech realm is building a home. Telling an architect to "build me a house!" is not nearly enough information. The architect needs details about how many people will live in it, what kinds of activities it needs to support, the quality of furnishings to use, how long it needs to last, , etc.
And those are just the high-level questions. A thousand and one details will need to be filled in below these by all the individual tradesman who help build the house.
You, as the owner, may not need or care to know that eight-penny finishing nails were used in one section of the kitchen cabinets whereas 10-penny were used elsewhere. What you do want to know is that the cabinets look good, have the shelving space that will serve your needs and that they will stay securely in place for the life of the house.
To carry the analogy a bit further, the architect may not start from scratch -- he or she may come to you with a series of predefined plans and ask you to suggest modifications to fit your needs. Such plans usually accommodate certain types of changes but may not allow for major alterations such as arbitrarily sticking an indoor swimming pool in the middle of the house.
When talking about building a house, it is obvious that the owner needs to set these kinds of high-level requirements: unless you have money to burn, don't care about schedules and don't really plan to live in the house anyway, you're going to want to give instructions to the architect and general contractor about what you need and want.
Enterprise Architecture is derived from the understanding that technology exists to fulfill business needs. Which technologies are chosen should not be a matter of "coolness" and is only partially a matter of cost: more properly it is a matter of what technologies get the job done. And what constitutes "the job" must, of course, be defined by the executive branch, the legislature, the agency head, etc., not by the technologists who, while perhaps experts at what they do, are often more interested and aware of bits and bytes than in agency purposes or political needs.
Of course, time enters into this as well. What "the job" is today may not be the same as it will be in five years. Today's technology need will definitely not be the technology need in five years. So the future always needs to be part of any enterprise architecture discussion.
So, how does the idea of enterprise architecture get so hard or seem to engender such resounding boredom (or worse)?
Although enterprise architecture represents the very same problems as building a house and even involves many of the same processes, several difficulties make it more difficult to grasp:
- Usually, enterprise architecture doesn't start with an empty lot -- something's there and works to


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Seventeen employees from Deloitte, a national business consulting firm, traded in their desk jobs on June 6, 2014 to transform a drab waiting room wall at Catholic Guardian Services' Parenting Resource Center in the Bronx into a fantasy playground filled with smiling children swinging from trees.
"The murals are a way for people to see that we care about them," says Catholic Guardian Services Executive Director Craig Longley as he steps back to admire the new mural, "that we're there to promote healthy family relations and help them heal."
Today one of the largest providers of foster care services in New York State, Catholic Guardian Services stretches back to the turn of the nineteenth century when members of the St. Vincent de Paul Society established it as the first agency in the United States to place orphans in homes rather than institutions. It now includes four New York City satellite offices with rooms for family visits, foster family training and therapeutic services.
"Everyone who comes here is traumatized, whether they are children, parents or caregivers," Mr. Longley says. "To be separated from your family for even a day is traumatizing."
That is why, he adds, that when he learned that as a Catholic Charities sponsored agency he could have volunteers at his disposal, he jumped at the plan to paint this mural.
This is not the first time Catholic Guardian Services teamed with volunteers provided by Catholic Charities to transform a room into a fantasy and hopefully, Mr. Longley says, will not be the last. In January, volunteers from FINO Consulting spent the day painting jungle scenes on interior walls at the agency's office on Westchester Avenue in the Bronx.
Despite their artsy appearance decked with pallets and paint, most of the volunteers readily admit to felling more comfortable in suits than painters' aprons. Similar to the waiting room, the volunteers' work-a-day lives are transformed thanks to prep work by true artist volunteers whose mural design is projected on to the agency's freshly painted sky-blue wall.
The volunteers just follow a basic paint-by-numbers design and -voila! – the walls are made over into a Disney-like dream.
For the corporate volunteers, the day offers a chance to stretch their talents and help those in need.
And for those served by Catholic Guardian Services, the donated art serves as an uplifting reminder that people, many of whom they never meet, care enough to brighten their lives.
"This is a place of healing for traumatized people," Mr. Longley says, "and this joyful art fosters that process."
Artistic or not, you can make a difference.
Check out our comprehensive list of volunteer opportunities.
Come join us. Sign up now.


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Moffett Field, California, 10/03/2006
Changene Lab, a NASA industry partner that develops Pincta-Cal, an osteogenic agent for space missions, has signed a sales agreement with Pharma Power Biotec, a well-established pharmaceutical company in Taiwan. The value of the deal is estimated to be worth US$500,000 – $1,000,000.
"Taiwan is an important market in Asia", Frank Chang, CEO of Changene Lab said. "At the point when we landed in Taiwan, we have established a foundation to expand our product line throughout the entire Pacific Rim's major markets include Japan, China, South Korea, and Australia. This strategic achievement is more than the monetary value of the deal itself."
Mr. Chang also recognized the Commercial Service's contribution to facilitating the deal, commenting, "We sincerely appreciate the Commercial Service's help and guidance. It has significantly reduced the time taken for us to gain recognition and orders in off-shore markets."
Commenting on Taiwan's strategic positioning, J. M. Chang, President of Pharma Power Biotec, observed, "Taiwan has marked her significance in the high tech industry and is ready to make another one. The biotech and biopharmaceutical industries are emerging as the next trend in Taiwan. We are willing to take the lead."
"Changene Lab is an outstanding Silicon Valley example of what small businesses can achieve in the global marketplace," commented Gabriela Zelaya, Trade Specialist of the U.S. Commercial Service Export Assistance Center (USEAC) in San Jose. "The Commercial Service plays a vital role in helping these firms increase their exports, which supports jobs in the United States."
To find out more about the Featured U.S. Exporters (FUSE) and other marketing programs or research we provide, please click here.


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hydrocortisone probutate - topical, Pandel
GENERIC NAME: HYDROCORTISONE PROBUTATE - TOPICAL (HYE-droe-KOR-ti-sone proe-BUE-tate)
BRAND NAME(S): Pandel
Medication Uses | How To Use | Side Effects | Precautions | Drug Interactions | Overdose | Notes | Missed Dose | Storage
USES: This medication is used to treat a variety of skin conditions (e.g., eczema, dermatitis, allergies, rash). Hydrocortisone probutate reduces the swelling, itching, and redness that can occur in these types of conditions. This medication is a medium-strength corticosteroid. Do not use this medication to treat diaper rash.
Report Problems to the Food and Drug Administration
You are encouraged to report negative side effects of prescription drugs to the FDA. Visit the FDA MedWatch website or call 1-800-FDA-1088.
Need help identifying pills and medications?
Back to Medications Index


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Product Description
Additional Information
Additional Information
|Material Blend
|Fabric Weight
|Care Instructions
|Visit our Care Instructions page for more information.
- Perfect Review by April
I stressed over trying to find the perfect fabric for hanging a chandler for my wedding...then I found this product! I was so excited...it was perfect! Exactly what I needed and the price was better than I could have imagined! Even better...the color is the same as the table runners I ordered from this company as well. I'm a hug fan of Linen Tablecloth! I've never be disappointed with anything I've ordered from this company!(Posted on 10/7/13)
- Gorgeous!Review by Tiffany
I bought this fabric because it was beautiful in the picture. When it arrived, I realized that the picture does this product little justice. It is so much more beautiful in person!(Posted on 4/7/12)
We have many ways to help make dream designs come to fruition.
Whether you want to see different ways of tying a sash for your chair or learn how to find the correct tablecloth size,
we have made many different videos and tools to share our expertise with you.
Tablecloth Sizing Widget
Available exclusively at LinenTablecloth.com, this easy-to-use tool allows you to view all of our different tablecloth sizes
on the most widely used table sizes in the industry.
We also have sizing charts available if you are not using a flash enabled device.
Click here to view our tablecloth sizing widget & charts
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Our newest addition! The event layout planning tool allows you to recreate a digital space of your event venue so that
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We have many tutorial videos ranging from how to make elegant napkin folds to how to choose the correct chair cover.
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Click here to view our YouTube channel for even more helpful tutorials
Customer Service
As always, if you need any extra help when choosing your table linens, you can contact our knowledgeable customer service representatives.
Customer Service is available Monday through Friday from 8am - 5pm PST (11a - 8pm EST)
Phone: 877-835-5617
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text: I Think gallade might be one of the best ones. because with the naughty nature, which ups the attack. my level 50 gallade has 157 attack. now that may not be too much but hes only lvl 50. but if you multiply 157 by 2 you get 307 attack at lvl 100 not to mention that he has leaf blade, psycho cut, shadow claw, and swords dance. by the way incase you didnt know all my attacks have a high crit. hit.


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I understand that my new ride has loathed Elixer 3R brakes, but they are SOOOO weak compared to my 15 year old XTR v brakes.
Will I really have to go to something like the Zee/Saint or Code/XO Trail brakes to get the kind of power I am use to back?
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Credit & Debt Counseling - For clients seeking Credit Debt Counseling, complete this household budget worksheet. This secure online worksheet will quickly help our credit debt counselors determine the best way to reduce and manage your credit debt. The worksheet takes less than 10 minutes to complete.
Bankruptcy Counseling For clients seeking Pre-Bankruptcy Counseling and Debtor Educations, learn more at bkHelp.org (our secure bankruptcy education portal). If you've decided to file for bankruptcy, take our online course and receive your completion certificates.
If you're a Credit Debt Counseling client, click here to login.
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Repertory Dance Theatre hosts Ring Around the Rose monthly every season, featuring dance, music and theatrical entertainment for kids, at the Rose Wagner Performing Arts Center.
It's definitely one of our favorite children's events in the state, and this Saturday is especially cool as Mama's Wranglers (formerly the Kid Fiddlers) make their way to Ring Around the Rose.
Last year, these talented young fiddlers had the entire audience clapping and stomping to the music.
Here's a clip of the group at work:
Don't miss this performance for kids by kids (well, they're a bit older now—hence the name change) at the Jeanne Wagner Theatre, 138 W. Broadway, SLC on March 10 at 11 a.m.
Tickets are $5 (ages two and under free). Call RDT for more info at 801-534-1000.


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Home > LEAGUE SERVICES > Indepth > July 2013 > Important News
Important News
Illinois League announces retirement of long time President/CEO Dan Plauda
League, credit unions successful during Spring Legislative Session!
More than 300,000 contacts generated via Don't Tax My Credit Union campaign!
Credit Union Grassroots Coordinators sought
Making History - GCS' Holshouser retires after 34 years
1st MidAmerica CU CEO Don Reedy retires, Alan Meyer successor
ICU Foundation provides nearly $52,000 in grants, 2nd deadline approaching
Our Mission: To Serve You
We, as the financial support system of credit unions, are committed to the "people helping people" concept of credit unions as cooperative financial institutions. Our purpose is to provide credit unions with a favorable operating environment and quality information, products and services which have value, and which enable credit unions to exist, compete and prosper in the financial marketplace.
Illinois Credit Union League Home | Site Map | Privacy | Press Releases | Directions | Careers | Contact Us


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Search Sports Card Radio
Hamilton, Lynell 2008 Rookie RC Card Checklist
- Details
- Hits: 3703
|Lynell Hamilton - RB - Saints -
Born: Stockton, CA - HOME OF SPORTS CARD RADIO! GO LYNELL!
College: San Diego State
Drafted: Not Drafted. Signed as a FA in 2008
Back to Football RC Rolodex
|Lynell Hamilton was born in Stockton, CA, which also happens to be the home of Sports Card Radio. Lynell was signed as an undrafted free agent in 2008. He gets work as a short yardage and goal-line back with the New Orleans Saints. Hamilton scored a TD in the 2nd round of the 2009 playoffs against the Arizona Cardinals.
Hamilton only has one Rookie Card on the market. Check to see what it sells for on eBay.
2008 SP Authentic #194 Lynell Hamilton RC
Attended Edison High School in Stockton, CA
Promising college career was limited by knee and ankle injuries


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Rated 4.8 out of 5 by 4 reviewers.
Rated 5 out of 5 by maggiemae33 The chairs were a delightful surprise While I tested a similar chair in my local World Market finding it quite comfortable, I was concerned that the color might be off. It was exactly the same color which appeared on my screen. The seat and back are comfortable without being squishy or leaning back too far. I use them daily, too. September 19, 2013
Rated 5 out of 5 by LauraB Custom Color not Custom Price I just received my Ella Lime Chairs. They truly are an exceptional value. Similar chairs at Ballard (whom I love) are over $600 a chair. The color is I would say close to true. The green isn't quite as green as online and the wood (if it is wood, seems to be composite) is more of a driftwood color than as rich as online but the chairs are beautiful, comfortable and are sturdy and did not have to be assembled. The only real big complaint I have is the oversize shipping cost at $80! That really adds to the cost of the chairs. I was able to get free regular shipping which I frankly wouldn't have bought them if I had to pay both so I was happy about that. But all considered with the green fabric they are very custom looking and do look much more expensive than they are. I would like to know if they are real wood or not though. The website says they are but I really don't think they are. They don't feel like wood and the chairs are very light for a solid wood chair. If they aren't wood they should change that on their site. Now my debate is what to put with them. I have a long leopard bench on one side of the cream Chianni Trestle Table from Ballard and two of these that will either go on the ends or on the other side. I can't decide which to get with it the Linen Lydia in cream chairs or the tufted microfiber chairs in the brown suede. If anyone has put them together I would love to know what they thought. February 22, 2013
Rated 5 out of 5 by TammyB Gorgeous I purchased (6) of the Ella chairs, 2 cocoa and 4 lime. I had to special order the lime from the CYW (Color Your World) collection from Cost Plus World Market, which I received in just a couple of weeks. The very lovely customer service personnel at my local WM are so wonderful, I almost want to work there so I can be with them more often! Anyway, I go pick up my box of chairs, they apply my birthday discount, which had occurred the weeks before when I ordered the chairs, I get them home and open the box. WOW! Fabulous wrapping. Each chair arrives in its own BAG, is firmly TIED into the box and foam secured. I was so impressed. No damage to the chairs what so ever! And the chairs are gorgeous! The color is well represented in the picture, and I can enjoy these chairs with a table I purchased elsewhere and the new set is so beautiful. I love this place! November 7, 2012
Rated 4 out of 5 by Wmarketbuyer Nice chairs These chairs come preassembled, and all you have to do is open the box and pull off the wrappings. The green color looks the same as it looks online, but the wood is weathered and gray. If you look at the photo for the black Ella chair, that is a better representation of the wood though it still is a bit darker than the actual product. You can visibly see some seams of the fabric and the wood toward the bottom of the oval of the chairback, and the wood in general looks kind of dirty, but again, that's the weathered look. I would love this chair if the wood were more uniform and darker, but that's just my personal preference. The cushion is super soft and comfy and I hope my cats won't like to scratch it up. Now I am waiting for my table to be delivered so that I can see if they look good together, and if so, time for 4 more chairs. August 29, 2013
1-4 of 4


text:
David West (eye) will not play Wednesday night against the Bobcats.
The Warriors, Spurs and Thunder are the first three known teams to have recruiting meetings with Kevin Durant, according to ESPN's Marc Stein.
Derrick Rose said he wants to play with Joakim Noah.
Bradley Beal will not participate for Team USA this summer.
If the Warriors can't sign Kevin Durant, they are expected to look at Nicolas Batum in free agency.
According to Mercury News, the Warriors will look at Al Horford and Joakim Noah in free agency.
According to Sporting News, the Bulls are interested in Evan Turner.
Livio Jean-Charles will reportedly join the Spurs for the 2016-17 season.
Even though the Hawks drafted two small forwards, they will still make re-signing Kent Bazemore a priority in free agency.
The Thunder will pick up Ersan Ilyasova's option for the 2016-17 season.
The Wolves reportedly offered Ricky Rubio and the No. 5 pick (Kris Dunn) for Jimmy Butler on Thursday night.
According to The Vertical, the Pacers were in serious discussions with the Kings for Rudy Gay before they traded for Thaddeus Young.


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ZF-2909: Zend_Date::toString('ddMMYY') showing wrong year (+1)
$date1 = new Zend_Date('301207', 'ddMMYY');
echo $date1->toString('ddMMYY');
echo $date1;
$date2 = new Zend_Date('311207', 'ddMMYY');
echo $date2->toString('ddMMYY');
echo $date2;
301207 30 Dec 2007 00:00:00
311208 // + 1 year 31 Dec 2007 00:00:00
It looks like the date was parsed correctly and it's stored internally with the right year but when I display it the year jumps to 2008
See into the manual http://framework.zend.com/manual/en/… There is a note after the section about using self defined ISO formats and often made mistakes due to wrong format tokens.
Instead of the ISO-year token you should use the real year token. So just change "Y" to "y" and that's it.
I'm assuming this fix is merged to the 1.5 release branch for release with 1.5.1. Please update JIRA if this is not the case.
This issue is not an issue... there is no change and also no fix


text:
Executive Summary: A literature review of the approaches to Regional Economic Development was conducted and the best approach, the "Bottom Up Approach", was identified. This approach of local decision making, community participation, and grass roots mobilization was used as the basis for the collect...
Strategic lessons and implications in designing, developing and delivering online courses in a tertiary institution
Recruitment and retention of agricultural workers was identified by the Prince Edward Island Agricultural Sector Council in 2007 as a major issue facing the Prince Edward Island (PEI) agricultural industry. Although there have been numerous studies on the supply and demand for agricultural workers,...
A localized study, focused on Prince Edward Island, Canada, compiled to assist with determining social, economic and technological readiness for electric vehicles and the related infrastructure. The study used both a Christensen based disruptive technology framework approach and traditional marketin...
The presence of artistic creative human capital permeates many levels of society and has important economic benefits affecting multiple stakeholders. Many of the creative forces present in this place of Charlottetown are drawn by 'distinctiveness characteristics' such as, a low cost of living, a...
The agriculture and agri-food sectors of Prince Edward Island (PEI) account for half of all exports sold (Appendix A). Increasingly, farms are diversifying to capture the growing demand for natural food products worldwide. Globally, this consumer segment is increasing by 20% annually on average (Agr...


text:
The new Confederation Cup could change Colorado Cycling as we know it!
Submitted by Kris Thompson on
Catching up with Lance Panigutti of WithoutLimits.co about the plans he has for 2013 racing season. One thing is for sure after talking with Lance is 2013 will NOT be the same 2012 and the new Confederation Cup is just the start!
What's on tap for road season? We're coming back with the full staple of events like Louisville Criterium, Koppenberg, Mike Horgan Hill Climb, and Superior Morgul, with the addition of a new criterium in Firestone. The Firestone 88 race is a simple, affordable, and fast course that's easy to get to for the Denver, Ft. Collins, and Boulder populations. The big changes we have are with Koppenberg and Superior Morgul when it comes to timing. For those who raced our cyclocross series this past season you know what's in store. Koppenberg will feature chip timing (through our partner Race Rite), that will provide lap splits, instant TV display results, and live results online. Superior will take it to a new level as the same system is used for the Time-Trial and Morgul Bismark. For 2013 athletes will not only get their lap splits for the Morgul, but their WALL splits as well. We all know about the horrific timing situation of 2012, a situation we took full responsibility for as we split from the ACA timing system post Morgul. When it comes to Superior Morgul we hope to regain the athletes trust once again. Omnium results will also be greatly improved. At our cyclocross series championship we produced race day results and series omnium within 10min of every category finish, Superior Morgul athletes can expect the same.
The Confederation Cup is new. What are the history and goals behind it? History: Some might remember that in 2012 Doug Williams put together the Spring Classics Cup that was a combination of our spring events, Mead Roubaix, Deer Trail, and Hugo. It came together at the last minute, but Doug did a great job rounding up prizes and printing custom winner's jerseys from Curve. When he approached me in 2013 we had the idea to rebrand, and keep it in house. In the past we've had joint series between different race directors and it never truly worked out. Goals: I've always had very strong opinions that a true series shouldn't be less than 3 races and no more than 8 or you start losing interest. When it came to the Confederation Cup we want to reward the best overall cyclist, not just the fastest sprinter or best climber. The four events take place over 2.5 months and encompass six days of racing, a perfect breakdown of a hill climb, road race, dirt road race, time-trial, and two criteriums. With each race weighted equally and points awarded 10 deep (best four scores count) it gets a lot of people in on the action, and brings excitement to the Spring season. The overall design was to keep things simple, yet truly reward the best all around cyclist.
Some would view the Confederation Cup as an assault to the Rocky Mountain Road Cup, what's your take? The Confederation Cup operates within the larger scope of the Rocky Mountain Cup. In our opinion you lose attention and interest when a series is spread out over 5 months. Take baseball vs. the NFL; long season vs. short condensed action, niche following vs. appealing to the masses. The Rocky Mountain Road Cup has its place for the purists and teams. What we're trying to do is look at the spring season, which I feel has the most exciting races, in a new light.
If it's not an assault is it a step towards independence: It's a step to build a strong brand and connection among our races. We control the level of production for each Confederation Cup event and that's the top priority for any series we choose to participate in. Does that make it a step towards independence? No, but we're also not afraid to pursue independence if a governing body or local association over steps it bounds, and damages what we feel is the rider experience, or our ability to produce a high caliber event. It's a step we've taken with some of our triathlons with great success in 2012.
You've seen the posts about a lack of road races on 303 Cycling, do you agree?; I agree that the season is not as robust as any cyclist would like to see when it comes to road races. However, we need to look at the overall picture. I grew up in New England and our marquee road races where held in June, July, and Aug. In Colorado the majority happen to be held in the Spring; Boulder Roubaix (2012/14'), Koppenberg, Morgul Bismark, Deer Trail. I see both sides (racer and promoter) as most events are club productions where the goal is to function as a fundraiser. If fundraising is the objective the system is set up to reward criterium style events. That's not anyone's fault, just a function of the environment and rules.
Based on your comments what would you suggest as a possible solution: My solutions won't be popular with a lot of people, but in my opinion they'd be a step in the right direction. We're in the unique position of working with 3x different governing bodies (USA Triathlon, USA Cycling, USA Track & Field). Each system of governance has its pro's and con's and while USAT has is host of inefficiencies they do operate as a more free market system when it comes to the operations of race directors. There's no date selection, or extraneous per/rider surcharge. What it comes down to is the races doing things right get better and the weaker ones die off, leaving the system stronger as a whole year to year. Yes, the BRAC board and staff do a wonderful and hard working job organizing and managing the local scene. However, when it comes to road races it's a financial game. As I said before it's in a club or promoter's best interest to produce a criterium as a fundraiser or business Endeavour. Our solution would be to ELIMINATE the per/rider BRAC fee for road races, DROP the fee to $1 for circuits over 5 miles, and RAISE the fee to $3.50 for criteriums. What happens? promoters are incentivized on the bottom line to take a risk on a road race that naturally have higher costs, while some of the lower tier criteriums would die away due to natural attrition. The net effect might results in lower gross revenue to BRAC. However, BRAC is still operating as the governing body of 2011 and has to fully transition to the smaller role of local association. Change is never popular, but needed at a time when cyclists are looking for other activities come June; whether that's mountain biking, camping, triathlon, or a mud run.
Rumor is you have something big in the works for cyclocross season: Rumor would be true! In the past, triathlon season has always kicked our ass, our staff's ass, and been pushed to the back burner. There's been so many thing we've wanted to do that simply had to wait a few seasons. Last year the big upgrade was the live chip timing system with splits and TV displays. For 2013 in short, yes we have some exciting things to announce over the next few months.
Just saw the Pre Season Cyclocross Race on your website. What are these all about and what's going on with the NON-USAC/BRAC sanctioning?; We couldn't be more excited about the format. It's something that's been in the works for 2 years now, we've just been holding off for the right time. In terms of the independent sanctioning, that might be best left for another interview at another time. In short we're charging $17, a fee that wouldn't be possible under the current USAC/BRAC system.
News Item:
63 Comments
Fees Fees more fees
Submitted by JS (not verified) on
No ACA license, Brac membership, no USAC license, no convenience charges or chip fees? No points or other ways of getting my honorable mention on some website? All of the entry fee going to the promoter!? I may have to start participating in this again....if only for the fun of it :)
Points: 53
Submitted by B-I-N-G-O (not verified) on
Will be there. I view these events as "gateway" races to ACA/USAC stuff. Gives folks a chance to try CX out without all of the rigamaroll. I would have a much easier time talking a friend into showing up to one of these events.
Points: 22
Formula Four & Relay Sixty
Submitted by Anonymous (not verified) on
Formula Four & Relay Sixty races look really cool. Thanks for thinking outside the box to make these races happen.
Points: 18
What are we missing? Aside
Submitted by Bubba Jay (not verified) on
What are we missing? Aside from the logos above, what info do you have about these two new races?
Points: 47
Well Bubba, your name says it
Submitted by Anonymous (not verified) on
Well Bubba, your name says it all.
Simple, go to the Without Limits site and look at the races.
Since you are so lazy, here is the URL then click on "Preseason Cyclocross Aug".
Points: 32
Just a simple question
Submitted by Bubba Jay (not verified) on
That was all. I have another question: are you always a d..k, or is today special?
Points: 29
You may want to know that the
Submitted by Anonymous (not verified) on
You may want to know that the WOL website isn't maximized for smart phones, you can't find any info on those two races by visiting their site on your phone. I tried.
Points: 23
The Greater Rolling Good
Submitted by Crankymommy (not verified) on
Wow. You're right in that there is much excitement building around the upcoming CO cycling season. I love that there are more events being offered and feel like we're strapping in for a wild, enjoyable ride.
But. I feel that part of this was a quasi-attack on the very organization that makes racing so good for all of us. I'm not sure how I feel about the "step towards independence" from the BRAC. I really don't believe that this would improve bicycle racing in Colorado.
In our state, I'd like to think that we're above the common bike racer mentality. This being : The "fast get faster and the beginners (or the just plain average) either muddle along and/or eventually quit."
I have many examples of how the BRAC helps juniors, women, beginners and the rest of us who enjoy racing and know that we're not ever going to go "pro". Ask my 10 year old daughter who raced her first cross race last Fall. Ask my entire team of beginner racers: now a team of 50 that started out as a team of 3 women in less than 2 years. We feel very supported by the BRAC and appreciate all they do. I don't feel my racing experience has been "damaged" in any way. Truthfully, I don't. Maybe it's because I'm not fast enough. Hmmm. If this is the case, well, then, I just don't care.
Today I was lucky enough to attend the Bicycle Colorado's Bike Summit. It was amazing. There were racers, recreational riders, commuters, educators, bike-friendly politicians and in general, people who just love bikes and want to spread this love throughout our state. Colorado could have such a more robust cycling scene all the way around. Why keep drawing an "us and them" line within the racing category at all?
After all the great things I experienced today at the summit and all the wonderful people I met (and yes, there were even BRAC board members there! GASP!) I'd like to move beyond this tired argument and come together for the greater rolling good! Let's be bigger than ourselves. I know it's hard as bike racers, but I think we can do it.
Points: 32
Having Cyclocross races that
Submitted by Pedaldaddy (not verified) on
Having Cyclocross races that cost $17 is a tremendous contribution to the "Greater Rolling Good" in my opinion. If that isn't an idea that spurs grass roots participation for all (Children, Women, Beginners . . . and maybe even Men) then I don't know what is.
On the subject of BRAC, of course it does some good things for cycling. But, be aware that since they decided to join the USAC but not give up their own administrative structure, they have needed to levy BRAC fees on promoters and racers alike to pay for their existence. Those fees need to pay for Chip timing systems, a BRAC specific website, an Executive Director salary, office/rent, etc.
Its not a matter of bashing or not bashing the BRAC but rather a matter of whether or not assessing racers and promoters additional fees to pay for and support the BRAC administrative structure is worth the higher costs for racers.
As a racer, I welcome the Confederation Cup and $17 Cyclocross races with open arms. They are both great news for Colorado cycling!
Points: 21
BRAC not needed for a USAC permit
Submitted by Anonymous (not verified) on
I believe a BRAC Club membership is not needed to organize a USAC race in Colorado, though BRAC would still assign race officials.
Points: 26


text:
Daniel Lawrence Nugent
Position: G
Height: 6-3 Weight: 250 lbs.
Born: August 22, 1953 in Mount Clemens, MI
Died: October 18, 2001 in Boca Raton, FL
High School: Pompano Beach
College: Auburn (school history) (Nugent college stats)
Drafted by the Los Angeles Rams in the 3rd round (67th overall) of the 1975 NFL Draft.
Weighted Career AV (100-95-...): 11 (6880th overall since 1950)
Other SR Links: College Football at Sports-Reference.com
Promote your website or business by sponsoring this page for $5 on Pro-Football-Reference.com. Your message will replace this ad.
1977 Game Log: Regular Season · Playoffs · vs.


text:
In anticipation of his show at Le Poisson Rouge (NYC) tomorrow and his recent signing to Blue Note, we caught up with the heart-melting José James to get the latest on some very exciting developments. After hearing more about what Jose has to say about No Beginning, No End as well as the LPR show – we're just about losing it with excitement!
Details for the show are below. Also, enter our contest to win tickets to tomorrow's show.
Giant Step: Congratulations on signing with Blue Note! How does it feel?
Jose James: It feels fantastic – it's a dream come true. Blue Note is everyone's favorite classic jazz label and it's exciting to bring something fresh to the legacy.
GS: What can we expect on the new album? And what excites you most about this new project?
JJ: First of all, the new album features Pino Palladino – the legend! Truly an honor to work with him. Chris "Daddy" Dave, Robert Glapser, Hindi Zahra, Richard Spaven, Emily King – it's a stellar cast. It's a mix of soul, R&B, gospel, jazz, and singer-songwriter. It's truly a deeper look into who I am as an artist, outside of just jazz. I co-wrote with many of the artists above, as well as Fink and Amp Fiddler. I feel this is a definitive album for me and so far my best work. It's been two years in the making! Sonically it's way ahead of my other albums and I have engineers Brian Bender and Russ Elevado to thank for that.
GS: When can we hear No Beginning, No End – when does it drop?!
JJ: Well I just signed, so now we're doing photoshoots and planning videos. Definitely will drop some new music this fall – stay tuned at josejamesmusic.com for updates! In the meantime, I'm showcasing new material in my live shows and will start touring worldwide.
GS: What can folks look forward to at this show?
JJ: I got Taylor McFerrin with me – he's so amazing. Emily King special guest, and a fantastic band: Takuya Kuroda on trumpet, Andy Hunter trombone, Samora Pinderhughes keys, Ben Williams bass, and Nate Smith on drums. We keep it funky and real soulful!
GS: Any other special news you're able to share with Giant Step fans?
JJ: Look out for remixes and vinyl – this is the album you've been waiting for.
Event Details
José James with Special Guests, plus Taylor McFerrin
Friday, May 11, 2012
Doors 7pm
(Le) Poisson Rouge
158 Bleecker Street
New York, NY
Tickets: $15 advance / $20 door
Purchase tickets


text:
" Our Decommissioning Program, using InfoSphere Optim, is going to save our company millions of dollars and provide the business with standardized access to the data from hundreds of applications. "
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text:
|Leave Blank. The clerk will stamp this area when the form is filed.
|"SUPERIOR COURT OF CALIFORNIA, COUNTY OF" – write the name of the County where you are filing your case. Click here for location of courts.
|Case Number: Write in the case number.
Filling out the rest of your form
Temporary Restraining Order
|Note: If you are using this form, you should also complete the form called Request for Order (Form DV-100). File both forms at the court at the same time.
Write the name of the person who will be protected by this court order. This person is called the "Protected Person." If he or she does not have an attorney, write the P.O. box or mailing address where court papers can be sent to the Protected Person.
IMPORTANT! If you are the Protected Person and you do not want others to know where you live, be sure to use a different address where you will just get mail.
Write the name of the person who will be restrained by this court order (stopped from doing something). This person is called the "Restrained Person." Check the box next to M if the Restrained Person is a man (male), or check the box next to F if this person is a woman (female). Write now tall the person is on the line next to "Height." Write how much the person weights on the line next to "Weight." Write the date he or she was born on the line next to "Date of Birth." On the next line, write the color of the Restrained Person's hair and eyes, his or her age and race. On the next lines write the address where the Restrained Person gets mail – if you know that. (If you do not know the address, write "Not known.")
Write the first and last name of each person who lives with you all the time who will also be protected from the Restrained Person. They should be ready to not see or talk to the person to be restrained while the Restraining Order is in effect. You can only list names of people who live with you all the time. Write their relationship to you – for example, "child," "grandmother," or "cousin." If the person is a man (male), write the letter "M" under Sex; if the person is a woman (female), write "F." Write how old the person is under Age. This form has lines for 4 additional protected people.
Check the box if there are more than 4 additional protected people. To add them, use a blank sheet of paper and write at the top: "DV-110, Item 3, Additional Protected Persons." Then write the full names of the additional protected persons, their relationship to you, whether they are male or female, and their ages.
If the judge grants (approves) the court order, all people protected by the court order should be given a filed stamped copy of the court order.