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Product Information
The partnership between Theo and Jane Goodall is inspired by "Cocoa Practices," a ground breaking Theo Chocolate initiative that brings together small scale cocoa farmers, larger producers and non-governmental organizations from the world's cocoa producing regions. Cocoa Practices is designed to give farmers the tools they need to grow high-quality cocoa beans while conserving indigenous wildlife and other natural resources in the tropical rainforest eco-systems that provide both their livelihoods and their homes. Proceeds from the sale of these chocolate bars will benefit cocoa farmers, promote conservation in the tropical rainforest and directly contribute to the Jane Goodall Institute's efforts to save chimpanzees, develop community centered conservation efforts and direct youth education programs around the world. Bar size: 3oz.
Allergen Information: Manufactured on shared equipment with products containing milk, eggs, wheat, peanuts & other nuts.
- Soy Free
- Kosher
- Vegan
Cocoa Beans*+, Sugar*+, Cocoa Butter*+, Ground Vanilla Bean*.
+Fair Trade
Allergen Information: Manufactured on shared equipment with products containing milk, eggs, wheat, eggs, peanuts & other nuts.
Orders placed before 12 noon Pacific Time will ship the following business day when temperatures allow. We cannot ship to a PO Box and do not ship internationally at this time.
We'd never want your order sitting in a shipping facility over the weekend where it could be exposed to high temperatures when the weather is warm. For that reason, we will hold your package if we feel it could be compromised. Most orders placed on Thursday or Friday will be held until the following Monday to ship when temperatures exceed 70 degrees.
To view our shipping policy, please click here.


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Consumer and Industry Groups and Health Professionals Meet on Salt Reduction
April 1, 2013
Two of the nation's largest food industry groups, Grocery Manufacturers Association (GMA) and the National Restaurant Association (NRA), and the nation's most prominent nutrition advocacy group, the Center for Science in the Public Interest (CSPI), brought together food industry leaders, health professionals, and government officials to discuss the progress and challenges of reducing the sodium content in food products so that we can continue in our collective efforts to help consumers meet the 2010 Dietary Guidelines of 2,300 mg of sodium per day.
The one-day meeting, Getting to 2,300: A Progress Report and Opportunities for Further Progress, was held today in Washington, D.C. Topics of discussion included the progress being made by industry at achieving sodium reductions in food products, the opportunities ahead for continuing this progress and the technical challenges of achieving these reductions without sacrificing consumer acceptance.
"Food and beverage manufacturers are committed to providing consumers with the product choices they need to achieve their optimal sodium intake levels. For years, food companies have been introducing new products into the marketplace containing lower sodium, or with no added salt," said Pamela G. Bailey, president and CEO of GMA. "And although progress is being made, reducing sodium in products without affecting the taste or consumer acceptance of products is no easy task. Consumer acceptance of sodium-reduced food products is an important factor that must always be taken into consideration."
"Neither public health officials nor many food industry executives are satisfied with the sodium status quo," said CSPI executive director Michael F. Jacobson. "It is encouraging that some of the major manufacturers and restaurants are taking the problem seriously, sponsoring research, and actually lowering sodium levels in their products."
"Restaurants have made significant progress in developing lower sodium menu options for patrons," said Dawn Sweeney, President and CEO of the National Restaurant Association. "The food and restaurant industries' proactive and ongoing efforts will better enable the gradual reduction of sodium in the food supply, which will ultimately drive us towards the goal of reducing sodium consumption by consumers."
The one-day meeting was a follow up discussion to a joint conference sponsored by GMA and CSPI in 2007 that focused on exploring ways to help consumers lower their sodium intake to 2,300 mg per day.

subset: commoncrawl


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Thomas Arthur Keating
Position: DT
Height: 6-2 Weight: 247 lbs.
Born: September 2, 1942 in Chicago, IL
Died: August 31, 2012 in Denver, CO
High School: St. Mel's
College: Michigan (school history)
Drafted by the Kansas City Chiefs in the 5th round (34th overall) of the 1964 AFL Draft.
Drafted by the Minnesota Vikings in the 4th round (53rd overall) of the 1964 NFL Draft.
Weighted Career AV (100-95-...): 50 (1463rd overall since 1950)
2-time Pro Bowler & 1-time First-Team All-Pro (fine print)
Let people know you like this site. Sponsor this page for $5. Your message will replace this ad.
1975 Game Log: Regular Season · Playoffs · vs.


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Figuring out your home's solar-energy potential is easy. Just visit slcgovsolar.com and click on the instructions link to get started. You'll be able to isolate sections of your rooftop and get real data on your home's kilowatt potential and help you figure out energy savings.
For example, Salt Lake magazine's offices are located in Trolley Corners. Using the tools at the website, we figured that if we used 100 percent of our building's surface area to gather solar-generated electricity, we could create 814,234 kilowatt hours of electricity per year and save more than a million pounds of CO2 from entering the atmosphere every year.
More solar energy information is available at utahcleanenergy.org.


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A strand of graduated drop-shaped South Seas Pearls, 11-13mm & dark golden in color, and round South Seas Pearls, 9-10mm & cream in color, fully knotted, with a 14K yellow-gold clasp set with a 12 faceted round Diamonds totaling 0.06 carats, total weight, 17-18" in length.
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If your plans this weekend include the Coachella music festival, but you occasionally get tired of the dirty music-fest scene, Indioasis is your pre-arranged escape from the craziness. Indioasis will take place on April 18th-19th from 11am to 6pm at Sereno Ranch, which happens to be walking distance from the Coachella grounds.
Indioasis will consist of endless DJ sets from real indie artists with an open bar, organic food, a pool and everything else you might expect to find in a proper desert oasis.
Free with RSVP: firstname.lastname@example.com


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Chippendale Planter
Tree of Life Wall Art
Lazer Bond
1,600 Photo Storage Box
Cooling Buffet Platter
Flower Spinner
HD Vision™ Sunglasses
Birdseed House
Seersucker Bedding
Kitchen cabinet cream erases cooking oils, stains and fingerprints too! Trusted since 1879 to clean, condition and restore cabinets, Parker & Bailey® Kitchen Cabinet Cream uses a non-toxic formula to gently (and safely!) remove oils and food stains—without any waxes, silicones or harmful solvents. Cabinets simply return to a clean, polished and gleaming finish. Safe for use in food preparation areas. 8 oz.
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A portrait of inspiration, influence and achievement in modern Britain
Representatives from the business world.
Team GB excelled and finished third in the medals table. Here are the Debrett's People of Today who enjoyed the success.
Debrett's guide to everyday modern manners
Celebrating the transition to adulthood.
From teapots and loose leaf to teabags and milk.
A comprehensive guide to addressing members of the royal family and people with titles
How to address the Queen, members of the royal family and their private secretaries.
From members of the church to diplomatic institutions, this section offers a guide to correct forms of address for the higher ranks among the main professions.
Providing skills and confidence to succeed in any professional or social situation
fromThe Debrett's and Tatler School of Etiquette
A course aimed at young adults to build on personal qualities and develop social language, presentation and people skills.
Debrett's guide to the modern wedding
From the groom, the best man and morning dress to the bridesmaids, parents and guests.
Debrett's etiquette guides, reference works, diaries and notebooks
The Debrett's 'Fashion Rocks and Dress Rules' notebook offers advice on how to dress for a range of occasions and codes.
The Debrett's Wedding Guide will show you the best way to plan and organise the perfect wedding.


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After 12 years as regional dean of the Huntsville Regional Medical Campus and a long career as a professor of Medicine, Robert M. Centor, M.D., will retire from the UAB School of Medicine in summer 2016.
Lourdes Corman, M.D., received the 2015 Laureate Award from the Alabama Chapter of the American College of Physicians.
Donald V. McCalister, Sr., Ph.D., retired longtime director of medical student affairs at the UAB School of Medicine Huntsville Regional Medical Campus, passed away on May 7, 2015 after a long illness.
When strep throat is something else: Forgotten bacterium is the cause of many severe sore throats in young adults
New research from UAB suggests not all strep throat is really strep throat, and attention must be paid to another bacterium that packs a nasty wallop.
Robert M. Centor, M.D., has been elected to mastership by the American College of Physicians, one of the highest honors available to internists.
The Argus Awards, created in 1996 to recognize faculty members, give medical students the chance to honor their mentors, professors, courses and course directors for outstanding service to medical education.
The Valley Foundation was recently recognized as a Level 2 Patient-Centered Medical Home 2014, a national program to acknowledge patient-centered care and long-term participative relationships.
Robert M. Centor, M.D., is the 2014-2015 Chair of the Board of Regents of the American College of Physicians, the nation's largest medical specialty organization.
The School of Medicine's Huntsville Regional Medical Campus announced a new fund raising initiative, the William B. Deal, M.D., Huntsville Art of Medicine Endowed Scholarship.
Health professionals across campus, including 14 from the School of Medicine and UAB Hospital, completed an extensive week-long course in medical simulation training — a first step toward building a world-class program at UAB.


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90 Elbows are the most popular of all copper fittings. 90 Elbow copper pipe fittings make 90 connections from copper to copper. They are available in straight and reducing sizes.
- Part #: WP7-40
- Category: Fitting
- Brand: cello
- Weight: 4.0000
Mon-Thurs 7am-6pm CST Fri 7am-4pm
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"Cioccolato extra fondente 74% all-assenzio" reads the box of this chocolate bar. I don't speak Italian, yet I knew immediately what this was when I saw it: absinthe dark chocolate. I've had liqueur flavors in chocolate before and I've had anise flavored chocolate before, but together? This is something I had to taste for myself.
This is made by Leone, a very well know Italian confectionery company. This bar is actually part of an absinthe line that they offer; including absinthe chocolate bonbons, pastilles and a bottle of the green stuff itself. As for this chocolate bar version, the packaging theme is very dark and mysterious with deep brown tones with copper accents and green detailing. It really delivers the odd mystique of absinthe, in a dark turn of the century like feel.
The back shows a very suggestive image of molten chocolate and some history on the chocolate (all in Italian). The ingredients list is simple: cocoa beans, cane sugar, cocoa butter, absinthe infusion, extracts and essences of aromatic herbs and plants, natural vanilla. There's no funny business here.
You immediately you smell the anise when the opaque foil protecting the bar is opened. It's pretty strong smell. The chocolate is very dark and smooth, with no gloss at all. It feels glassy smooth to the touch. The break is very hard and clean, save for a few random air bubbles.
The flavor is quite complex. There's a very bright sweetness that rests at the base of the whole flavor. The strong, herbal anise flavor of the absinthe shows up almost immediately. It's varies between intense and mild, allowing hints of mint, grassiness and fennel to appear. There's no burn at all, just a mix of very strong herbal notes. The chocolate lends a great deep roasted richness to it all, staying grounded and strong and keeping the whole bar from tasting too medicinal. There's a coolness to this bar too, and overall, I think this is like a very intense mint chocolate, with those extra anise flavors included.
I enjoyed this. I wish I bought more of them.
Rating: Will Buy Again
Leone Website


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These three residents find their personal style beyond the usual red and green of the holiday season. They simply choose brightly colored clothes and accessories that make them smile.
Michelle, secretary
"I like to dress in clothes that make me happy and are comfortable. My sweater is from Macy's; pants are Express, and necklace is Urban Outfitters."
Presley Emery, retail employee
"I thrive on finding styles from different places. I don't like to define my style with one word. Today, my outfit is mainly from Urban Outfitters."
McKenzie Elledge, graphic designer
"Tons of clashing color is my style, and I try to avoid wearing black. My jacket, sweater and necklace are from J. Crew; skirt is from Nordstrom; shoes are Urban Outfitters; and glasses are Tom Ford."


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Convicted animal abuser Michael Vick had a Monday Night Football performance for the ages during the Philadelphia Eagles' 59-28 thrashing of the Washington Redskins. Vick accounted for six touchdowns — four passing and two rushing — during the rainy rout at FedEx Field.
The highlight video speaks for itself — Michael Vick was unstoppable. He passed for 333 yards and ran for 80, picking apart a shell-shocked Washington team that found itself in a 35-0 after the first play of the second quarter.
But regardless of how well Michael Vick played, was it enough to erase his dogfighting misdeeds that sent him to prison? Should we forget the way his Bad Newz Kennels killed underperforming pit bulls by hanging, electrocution and drowning?
Are six touchdowns and jail time to enough to make Michael Vick a good guy?
For many, yes. For me? No. Buddy the Beagle won't let me forget Vick's cruelty to animals.
But, wow, what a performance Monday night. Here's a highlight video of Michael Vick's six touchdowns I found on YouTube:
What do you think?


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The Republic of Congo*, with a population of approximately three million, is a parliamentary republic in which most of the decision-making authority and political power is vested directly in the president, Denis Sassou-Nguesso, and his administration. The 2002 presidential elections and parliamentary elections for the Senate and the National Assembly were determined "not to contradict the will of the people" by independent monitors; however, there were some flaws and irregularities in the administration of the elections. While the civilian authorities generally maintained effective control of security forces, there were instances in which members of the security forces acted independently of government authority.
The government's human rights record remained poor; although there were some improvements, serious problems remained. The following human rights problems were noted:
Section 1 Respect for the Integrity of the Person, Including Freedom From:
a. Arbitrary or Unlawful Deprivation of Life
There were no reports that the government or its agents committed any politically motivated killings; however, there were a few reports that security forces killed civilians in the Pool region.
Unlike in the previous year, there were no reports of deaths during apprehension or while in custody.
There were no reported developments in the 2004 case of a person who was beaten to death while in police custody.
No action was taken against members of the security forces responsible for civilian deaths in 2003 and 2004.
There continued to be occasional deaths due to mob violence, as civilians took vigilante action against presumed criminals, or as individuals settled private disputes. For example, in January, after a man killed another in an altercation, his neighbors attacked and killed him. In September angry villagers killed an Italian missionary who was in a convoy, when one of vehicles accidentally hit and killed a small child. Three villagers were arrested and brought to Brazzaville to await trial. They were still being detained awaiting trial at year's end. Police at times intervened to stop mob violence.
In several instances where presumed or actual police or military personnel engaged in looting of civilian residences, local inhabitants frequently took the law into their own hands to punish the thieves; on several occasions death or serious injury resulted. Incidents such as these were most common in remote areas. During the year there was also a case where the leaders of a rural village beat an alleged thief, who subsequently died from his injuries.
b. Disappearance
The daughter of a local nongovernmental organization (NGO) employee, who was reported missing in 2003, remained missing at year's end.
On July 19, after considerable delay, the "Beach" trial opened in the Brazzaville criminal court to hear the 1999 case of 353 persons who were separated from their families by security forces upon returning to Brazzaville from the Democratic Republic of the Congo (DRC). They subsequently disappeared and were presumed killed. On August 16, the court acquitted the high-ranking military and police officials accused of killing the victims. However, the government was found culpable for not ensuring the safety of the victims as they returned to the country and was ordered to pay approximately $20,000 (10 million CFA francs) to the 86 victims' families. The claimants appealed the settlement to the Supreme Court and the case was ongoing at year's end.
c. Torture and Other Cruel, Inhuman, and Degrading Treatment or Punishment
Although the law prohibits such actions, security forces sometimes used beatings to coerce confessions or to punish detainees. During the year, there were reports that abuses continued in the jail system.
During the year military, gendarmerie, and police forces occasionally beat civilians and looted homes.
During the year, there were reports by NGOs that female detainees were raped and that members of the security forces beat citizens. For example, in August a police officer reportedly beat a man in front of his wife and children for arguing with him.
In certain areas of the Pool region unidentified armed elements, some of whom could be uncontrolled government security forces or former Ninja rebels, continued to rob trains and harass civilians and international NGO workers. There were reports by NGOs and members of the private sector that unidentified armed elements also extorted bribes in the Pool region. The government investigated these reports but was unable to determine the identity of the perpetrators.
During the year unorganized mobs often assisted property owners in beating and sometimes killing suspected thieves in the southern sector of Brazzaville (see section 1.a.).
Prison and Detention Center Conditions
Prison conditions were poor due to overcrowded facilities and lack of resources to provide food or health care to the inmates. The Ministry of Justice continued to repair some prisons during the year; however, lack of funds hindered efforts to improve physical facilities and to provide food and medicine.
During the year there continued to be reports that detainees held at police stations often were subjected to beatings, overcrowding, and extortion.
Women were incarcerated with men, except in the city of Brazzaville where separate facilities were maintained; juveniles were held with adults; and pretrial detainees were held with convicted prisoners.
The government continued to grant access to prisons and detention centers to domestic and international human rights groups. Local human rights groups, including the Congolese Observatory for Human Rights, the Association for the Human Rights of the Incarcerated, the National Council for the Promotion and Protection of the Rights of Detained Persons, and a Catholic Church organization visited prisons during the year. The International Committee of the Red Cross (ICRC) continued regular visits to prisons and detention centers in Brazzaville and Pointe Noire.
d. Arbitrary Arrest or Detention
The law prohibits arbitrary arrest and detention; however, members of the security forces committed such acts. There were fewer reports of arbitrary arrest and detention than in previous years. Local and international NGOs reported that members of the security forces commonly used arbitrary arrest and detention to extort funds from citizens.
Role of the Police and Security Apparatus
The security forces include the police, gendarmerie, and military. The police and the gendarmerie are responsible for maintaining internal domestic order, with the police operating primarily inside the cities and the gendarmerie mainly outside. The military forces are responsible for external security, but also have domestic security responsibilities, for example, protecting the president. The minister of defense overseas the military forces and gendarmerie and the minister of security overseas the police. In practice, police, gendarmerie, and military operations often overlapped and were poorly coordinated. Although improved compared to previous years, the government did not always have full control over some members or units of the security forces. In addition, the more professional and effective security forces tended to operate only in the urban areas. The security forces were not generally considered effective. Corruption was a significant problem. During the year there were frequent reports of arrested individuals whose families successfully bribed police to secure a release. Traffic police were known for extorting bribes from taxi drivers under threat of impoundment of their vehicles. Although the Human Rights Commission (HRC) was established for the public to report security force abuses (see section 4), impunity for members of the security forces was a problem. The police at times failed to prevent or to respond to societal violence (see section 1.a.)
Arrest and Detention
The law requires that warrants be issued by a duly authorized official before arrests are made, that a person be apprehended openly, that a lawyer be present during initial questioning, and that detainees be brought before a judge within three days, and either be charged or released within four months; however, the government frequently violated these provisions. There is a system of bail, but more than 70 percent of the population had an income below the poverty level and could not afford to pay bail. Detainees generally were informed of the charges levied against them at the time of arrest but formal charges often took at least a week to be filed; however, there were numerous exceptions that allowed police to justify holding someone for up to 4 months (or longer) without charge. Justifications for some exceptions include administrative errors or delays in processing the detainees. Lawyers and family members usually were given prompt access to detainees, and indigent detainees were provided lawyers at government expense.
Arbitrary arrest was a problem.
There were some political detainees during the year. In February security forces arrested a small group of military officers and civilians, allegedly linked to the former administration, for the alleged theft of weapons from a gendarmerie camp. The detainees were still being held without formal charge at year's end. During their detention they were not permitted visits by their families or NGOs.
Unlike in the previous year, security forces did not arrest journalists.
Lengthy pretrial detention due to judicial backlogs was a problem. It was estimated that approximately 40 percent of the prison population were pretrial detainees. On average they would wait six months or more before going to trail. Detainees were occasionally held awaiting trial for periods longer than the sentence associated with the crime. Reportedly bribes were generally what determined the length of the detention.
e. Denial of Fair Public Trial
Although the law provides for an independent judiciary, the judiciary continued to be overburdened, underfunded, and subject to political influence, bribery, and corruption. Lack of resources continued to be a severe problem.
The judicial system consists of traditional and local courts, courts of appeal, the High Court of Justice, the Supreme Court, and the Constitutional Court. In rural areas, traditional courts continued to handle domestic conflicts and many local disputes, particularly property and probate cases, and domestic conflicts that could not be resolved within the family. The Constitutional Court's function is to adjudicate the constitutionality of laws and judicial decisions; the High Court of Justice's function is to review judicial decisions or crimes involving the president and other high-ranking authorities in the conduct of their official duties. Members of the High Court of Justice were appointed in 2004, but due to lack of funds the court was still not functioning by year's end. The local courts dealt with criminal and civil complaints. The Supreme Court met regularly and primarily heard cases related to the legality of land seized by the government during the civil war. It also reviewed administrative and penal cases from lower courts.
Trial Procedures
In general, defendants were tried in a public court of law presided over by a state-appointed magistrate. Juries are used. Defendants have the right to be present at their trial and to consult with an attorney in a timely manner. An attorney is provided at public expense if defendants face serious criminalcharges. Defendants can confront or question witnesses against them and present witnesses and evidence on their behalf. The defense has access to prosecution evidence. Defendants are presumed innocent and have the right of appeal; however, the legal caseload far exceeded the capacity of the judiciary to ensure fair and timely trials. Some cases never reach the court system.
The military has a tribunal system for criminal actions of members of the military, gendarmerie or police. Civilians are not tried in this system.
Political Prisoners
There were some political prisoners. During the year the ICRC reported that it monitored the condition of approximately ten political prisoners.
f. Arbitrary Interference with Privacy, Family, Home, or Correspondence
The law prohibits such actions; however, security forces at times illegally entered, searched, and looted private homes. In some areas of the Pool region, intimidation and harassment by uncontrolled and unidentified armed elements continued according to reports from international NGOs and civilians (see section 1.c.).
Citizens generally believed that the government monitored private mail and telephone communications.
Section 2 Respect for Civil Liberties, Including:
a. Freedom of Speech and Press
The law provides for freedom of speech and of the press, but it also criminalizes certain types of speech, such as incitement of ethnic hatred, violence, or civil war. The government at times limited these rights in practice and government journalists practiced self-censorship.
There was no state-owned newspaper, but there were several publications, which were closely allied with the government. There were 15 to 20 private metropolitan weekly newspapers that appeared weekly in Brazzaville, which were critical of the government. Newspapers occasionally continued to publish open letters written by opponents of the government who were in the country or lived abroad. The print media did not circulate widely beyond Brazzaville and the commercial center of Pointe Noire, although it reached approximately one-third of the population.
Most citizens obtained their news from the radio or television broadcast media and primarily government-controlled radio in rural areas. There were three privately owned radio stations, all pro-government. An individual with close government ties owned two of the four privately owned television stations, of which none were critical of the government.There were three government-owned radio stations, Radio Congo, Radio Brazzaville, and Radio FM; and one government-owned television station, Tele Congo. Several satellite television connections were available and permitted viewing of a range of news and entertainment programs.
Unlike in the previous year, security forces did not beat or detain journalists.
Most journalists were employed at various government ministries and departments as press attaches, or they worked for the newspaper La Nouvelle Republique or the Congolese Information Agency, both government-owned. The news coverage and the editorial positions of the government‑owned media reflected government priorities and views. Government journalists were not independent and were expected to report positively on government activities. There was evidence that when government journalists deviated from this there were adverse consequences.
A number of Brazzaville-based journalists represented international media, such as the BBC, Associated Press, Reuters, Agence France Presse, Voice of America (VOA), Canal France International, and TV5. The government continued its policy of revoking journalists' accreditations if their reporting reflected adversely on the country's image. This policy affected journalists employed with both international and government‑controlled media.
In September 2004 a journalist at Tele Congo interviewed an opposition leader, who was critical of the president's policies, on his talk show. Station management ordered the journalist to stay home to await a decision concerning his tenure at the station. He was allowed to return to work after a few months.
The press law provides for monetary penalties for defamation and incitement to violence.
There were no government restrictions on the Internet or academic freedom.
b. Freedom of Peaceful Assembly and Association
The law provides for the freedom of assembly and association, and the government generally respected these rights in practice. Groups that wished to hold public assemblies were required to inform the Ministry of Territorial Administration and the appropriate local officials, which could withhold authorization for meetings that threatened public order. In October security forces disrupted a demonstration by some striking teachers who were not satisfied with the progress of negotiations between union leaders and the government.
Groups or associations--political, social, or economic‑‑were generally required to register with the Ministry of Territorial Administration. Although registration could sometimes be subject to political influence, there was no evidence that this occurred during the year.
c. Freedom of Religion
The law provides for freedom of religion, and the government generally respected this right in practice.
All organizations, including religious organizations, are required to register with and be approved by the government. There were no reports of discrimination against religious groups in this process, although it is time-consuming and lengthy. Penalties for failure to register involve fines and potential confiscation of goods, invalidation of contracts, and deportation for foreigners, but no criminal penalties are applicable.
Societal Abuses and Discrimination
There were no reports of anti-Semitic acts. The Jewish community was small; there were small communities composed of perhaps several dozen Jews in the cities of Brazzaville and Pointe Noire.
For a more detailed discussion, see the 2005 International Religious Freedom Report.
d. Freedom of Movement within the Country, Foreign Travel, Emigration, and Repatriation
The law provides for these rights; however, in practice, the government at times imposed some limitations. Unlike in previous years, checkpoints were rare and generally established in response to short-term security situations. For example, they occurred in May when some criminal elements threatened a police station in Brazzaville for a few hours, and again in October when armed militants sought to occupy the residence of their leader in the Bacongo neighborhood of Brazzaville even after the police and military ordered them to depart. Unlike in previous years, international NGOs reported considerably fewer incidents of harassment and intimidation by unidentified armed elements in certain areas of the Pool region (see section 1.c.).
Although the law prohibits forced exile, the government prevented the return of some citizens, including political opponents of the president. In a positive step, in October after the death of the wife of exiled former prime minister Kolelas, the government permitted him to return to bury her in the country. In late November former prime minister Kolelas was granted clemency for the alleged war crimes he was convicted of in absentia in 2000.
Internally Displaced Person (IDPs)
NGOs working in the Pool Region reported by year's end that the vast majority of the estimated 150 thousand persons internally displaced by the civil war had either returned or had chosen to resettle in different regions of the country. The Ministry of Social Affairs reported that all IDPs who wished to return to their villages had done so by year's end.
Protection of Refugees
The law provides for the granting of asylum or refugee status in accordance with the 1951 UN Convention relating to the Status of Refugees and its 1967 protocol, and the government has established a system for providing protection to refugees. In practice the government provided some protection against refoulement, the return of persons to a country where they feared persecution and granted refugee status or asylum.
The government cooperated with the UN High Commissioner for Refugees (UNHCR) and other humanitarian organizations in assisting refugees.
The government also provides temporary protection to individuals who may not qualify as refugees under the 1951 convention or its 1967 protocol; however, until November of this year, there had been no functioning process for dealing with the indeterminate status of these individuals. However, in October a group of former Mobutu-era soldiers from the Democratic Republic of Congo (DRC) attempted to return to the DRC via the river crossing between Brazzaville and Kinshasa. This was prevented by the closure of the ports on both sides of the river, which also cut‑off the river commerce between the two countries. In response to this, the group staged a sit-in at the Brazzaville river port to pressure the governments to deal with their repatriation cases. In early November, after two weeks of the sit-in, 557 of these soldiers, along with their wives and children, were repatriated to DRC.
Section 3 Respect for Political Rights: The Right of Citizens to Change Their Government
The law provides citizens with the right to change their government; however, during the 2002 elections significant irregularities were observed, including leaving the entire Pool region disenfranchised.
Elections and Political Participation
Independent observers determined the national elections in 2002 did "not contradict the will of the people"; however, they noted obvious flaws like insufficient numbers of ballots at certain polling stations, confusion over their locations, and the boycott by some opposition members who claimed the elections were biased. In addition, some international NGOs and foreign observers viewed the constitution and the elections as designed to protect the status quo. The 2002 elections remained incomplete at year's end because of continued lack of security in some areas of the Pool region, which meant that eight of the Pool's 12 parliamentary seats remained vacant. At year's end it was unknown when or if new elections will occur.
Major political parties included the ruling Congolese Ruling Party, the Pan-African Union for Social Democracy, the Congolese Movement for Democracy and Integrated Development, the Union for Democracy and the Republic, the Rally for Democracy and Social Progress, and the Union for Progress. Some opposition party leaders remained in exile. There was no cohesive opposition, and many of the smaller political parties were more personality centered than representative of a significant constituency. Northern ethnic groups, such as the president's Mbochi group and related clans dominated the political system.
There were 8 women in the 66-seat Senate and 12 women in the 136-seat National Assembly but only 128 seats were filled, as eight seats from areas of the Pool remained vacant. There were 5 women in the 35-member cabinet.
There were 14 members of minorities in the 66-seat senate and 36 members of minorities in the 136-seat National Assembly and 11 members of minorities in the 35-member cabinet. Pygmies were excluded from the political process, in part due to their isolation in remote forested areas, their culture, and their stigmatization by the majority Bantu population.
Government Corruption and Transparency
There were press reports of government corruption, particularly regarding the misuse of the country's revenues in the oil and forestry sectors. In November several Brazzaville newspapers printed articles critical of the government's publishing of oil revenue data they said was contrived and disguising continued government corruption.
The law provides for public access to government information for citizens, noncitizens, and the foreign media; in practice; however, there were lengthy delays in information being released by the government.
Section 4 Governmental Attitude Regarding International and Nongovernmental Investigation of Alleged Violations of Human Rights
A number of domestic and international human rights groups generally operated without government restriction, investigating and publishing their findings on human rights cases. Government officials generally were uncooperative and unresponsive to local human rights groups; however, they were generally cooperative and responsive to international organizations.
The ICRC maintained an office in Brazzaville. Access to government officials and to detainees continued to improve for international humanitarian officials during the year.
The HRC is charged with acting as a government watchdog and reacting to public concerns on human rights issues. Local observers claimed that it was completely ineffective and hasn't met or taken any significant action since its creation
Section 5 Discrimination, Societal Abuses, and Trafficking in Persons
Although the law prohibits discrimination on the basis of race, gender, language, or social status, the government did not effectively enforce these prohibitions. Societal discrimination and violence against women, reports of trafficking in persons, regional ethnic discrimination, and discrimination against indigenous peoples were problems.
Domestic violence against women, including rape and beatings, was widespread but rarely reported. There were no specific provisions under the law for spousal battery, apart from general statutes prohibiting assault. Domestic violence usually was handled within the extended family, and only the more extreme incidents were brought to the police.According to a local NGO, there were no official statistics on the number of cases of domestic violence against women. However, during the year they reported over 500 cases of women and children who were victims of sexual violence seeking medical assistance. They reported providing 100 HIV tests. This NGO organized public awareness workshops and offered training for 220 community chiefs, 124 police officers, 17 health workers, 9 magistrates, 31 journalists, and 144 others from the public and private sectors. NGOs, such as the local Human Rights Center, the Center to Combat Violence Against Women Group, the International Rescue Committee, and Doctors Without Borders continued to draw attention to the issue and provided counseling and assistance to victims.
Rape, including spousal rape, is illegal; however, the government did not effectively enforce the law. The penalties for rape, depending on the severity of the circumstances, could be as few as several months to three or more years' imprisonment. Rape goes largely unreported, thus its extent is unknown.
Female genital mutilation (FGM) was not practiced indigenously and is against the law; however, it may have occurred in some of the immigrant communities from West African countries where it was common.
Prostitution is illegal, but the government did not effectively enforce this prohibition. Prostitution was common, and police often accepted services in lieu of arresting the prostitute.
Sexual harassment is illegal; however, the government did not effectively enforce the law. Sexual harassment was very common but very rarely reported. Successful prosecutions were only achieved when a victim actively pursued a case with good legal representation or connections.
Marriage and family laws overtly discriminate against women. For example, adultery is illegal for women but not for men. Polygyny is legal; polyandry is not. While the law provides that a wife shall inherit 30 percent of her husband's estate, in practice, the wife often lost all inheritance upon the death of her spouse, particularly in traditional or common law marriage. The symbolic nature of the dowry is set in the law; however, this often was not respected, and men were forced to pay excessive bride prices to the woman's family. As a result, the right to divorce was circumscribed for some women because they lacked the financial means to reimburse the bride price to the husband and his family. This problem was more prevalent in rural areas than in urban centers. The Ministry of Social Affairs was in charge of protecting and promoting the legal rights of women.
The law prohibits discrimination based on gender and stipulates that women have the right to equal pay for equal work; however, women were underrepresented in the formal sector. Most women worked in the informal sector and thus had little or no access to employment benefits. Women in rural areas were especially disadvantaged in terms of education and wage employment and were confined largely to family farming, petty commerce, and childrearing responsibilities. Many local and international NGOs have developed micro-credit and micro‑finance programs to address this problem, and government ministries such as social affairs and agriculture were active in addressing these problems. For example, women received assistance to set up dressmaking and beauty salons as well as gardening and manioc flour-making to provide an income for their families.
The government was committed to protecting the rights and welfare of children. Education was compulsory and tuition free until the age of 16, but families were required to pay for books, uniforms, school fees, etc. In the cities, about 95 percent of school-age children attended school, and in the rural areas, about 90 percent. High school graduation was the highest level achieved by most students. Girls and boys attended primary school in equal numbers; however, the proportion of girls who continued on to the high school and university levels was significantly lower. Girls begin dropping out at approximately age 15 or 16. In addition, teenage girls were often pressured to exchange sex for better grades, which resulted in both the spread of HIV/AIDS and unwanted and unplanned pregnancies.
Child abuse was rare and was predominately found among the West African communities
FGM may have been performed on girls in some West African immigrant communities (see section 5, Women).
There were reports of isolated cases of child prostitution among street children. The prevalence of the problem still remained unclear. According to reports from international and local NGOs and others, the isolated cases were not linked to trafficking but used as an economic means by the street children to purchase food and other items. International organizations were assisting with programs to feed and shelter street children, although one program, operated by the ICRC and the UN International Children' Emergency Fund (UNICEF), ended in June.
There were a few unconfirmed reports that children were trafficked for labor (see section 5, Trafficking).
Child labor was a problem (see section 6.d.).
During the year, the number of street children decreased. UNICEF estimated in 2004 that most of the street children in Brazzaville were from the DRC. Street children from the DRC also were found in Pointe Noire. Street children were not known to suffer from targeted abuse by government authorities or vigilante groups, but they were vulnerable to sexual exploitation and often fell prey to criminal elements including drug smugglers. Many of the street children begged or sold cheap or stolen goods to support themselves; some also may have engaged in prostitution or petty theft to support themselves without third party involvement.
Trafficking in Persons
The law does not specifically prohibit trafficking in persons, and there were unconfirmed reports of trafficking of children by West African immigrants living in the country. Trafficking could be prosecuted under existing laws against slavery, prostitution, rape, illegal immigration, forced labor, and employer‑employee relations. There was no evidence that the government has prosecuted any trafficker under these laws. The ministries of security, labor, and social affairs, as well as the gendarmerie, have responsibility for trafficking issues.
There were unconfirmed reports that the Republic of Congo was a country of destination. It was not a country of transit or origin. There also were unconfirmed reports that minor relatives of West African immigrants from Benin and Togo could be victims of trafficking. There was no evidence of trafficking in men or women. Outside of the unconfirmed reports of "minor‑aged relatives" of West African immigrants, there were no other reports of trafficking in children. Children from West Africa worked as fishermen, shop workers, street sellers, or domestic servants. There were reports some were physically abused. There were reports of isolated cases of child prostitution, which according to international and local NGOs were not linked to trafficking or forced labor (see section 5, Children).
There was no evidence of involvement of government officials in trafficking, although bribery and corruption were problems.
The government does not provide any protection or assistance to trafficking victims since there were no confirmed cases of trafficking.
Persons with Disabilities
The law prohibits discrimination against persons with disabilities in employment, education, access to health care, or in the provision of other state services, although the government generally did not enforce it the law because the ministry responsible for implementation of this provision lacked the necessary funds. There were no laws mandating access for persons with disabilities.
National/Racial/Ethnic Minorities
Although the law prohibits discrimination based on ethnicity, the government did not enforce this prohibition effectively.
Regional ethnic discrimination was prevalent among all ethnic groups, was evident in government and private sector hiring and buying patterns, and apparent in the effective north-south regional segregation of many urban neighborhoods. The relationship between ethnic, regional, and political cleavages was inexact; however, supporters of the government included persons mostly, but not solely, from northern ethnic groups, such as the president's Mbochi group and related clans.
Indigenous People
The indigenous Pygmy ethnic group, who numbered in the tens of thousands and lived primarily in forest regions, did not enjoy equal treatment in the predominantly Bantu society. Pygmies were severely marginalized in employment, health, and education, in part due to their isolation in remote forested areas of the country and different cultural norms. Pygmies usually were considered socially inferior and had little political voice; however, in recent years, several pygmy rights groups have developed programs and were actively focusing on these issues. Many Pygmies were not aware of the concept of voting and had minimal ability to influence government decisions affecting their interests.
Bantu ethnic groups have exploited Pygmies, possibly including children, as cheap labor; however, there was little information regarding the extent of the problems during the year.
Other Societal Abuses and Discrimination
The social stigma associated with homosexuality is significant. People are not openly homosexual in the country. In contrast to this, persons with HIV/AIDS are fairly well-organized and fight for fair treatment, especially regarding employment. NGOs work on HIV/AIDS issues widely, including raising public awareness that those living with HIV/AIDS are still able to be contributing members of society.
Section 6 Worker Rights
a. The Right of Association
The law provides for the right of workers, except members of the security forces, to form and join unions of their choice without previous authorization or excessive requirements, and workers exercised this right in practice. Almost 100 percent of workers in the public sector and approximately 50 percent of workers in the formal wage sector were union members. The law prohibits antiunion discrimination; however, there were a few reports that antiunion discrimination occurred.
b. The Right to Organize and Bargain Collectively
The law allows unions to conduct their activities without interference, and the government protected this right in practice. The law also provides for the right to collective bargaining, and workers freely exercised this right, although collective bargaining was not widespread due to the severe economic conditions.
The law provides for the right to strike, except for public sector unions, subject to conditions established by law. Workers exercised this right by conducting legal strikes. Unions were free to strike after filing a letter of intent with the Ministry of Labor, which began a process of nonbinding arbitration under the auspices of a regional labor inspector from the ministry. The letter of intent must include the strike date, at which time the strike legally may begin, even if arbitration is not complete. Employers have the right to fire workers if they do not give advance notice of a strike.
There are no export processing zones.
c. Prohibition of Forced or Compulsory Labor
The law prohibits forced or compulsory labor, including by children; however, there were unconfirmed reports of such practices (see section 5).
According to the ILO, at year's end there was no indication that the government repealed a 1960 law, which allows for persons to be requisitioned for work of public interest and if they refused they could be imprisoned.
d. Prohibition of Child Labor and Minimum Age for Employment
Although there were laws and policies designed to generally protect children from exploitation in the workplace, child labor was a problem. Under the law, children under age 16 are not permitted to work, but this law generally was not enforced, particularly in rural areas and in the informal sector in cities. Children worked with their families on farms or in small businesses in the informal sector without government monitoring or supervision. The Ministry of Labor, which is responsible for enforcing child labor laws, concentrated its limited resources on the formal wage sector where its efforts generally were effective.
There were unconfirmed reports that children were trafficked for labor and child prostitution occurred (see section 5)
e. Acceptable Conditions of Work
The national minimum wage, which was approximately $100 (54 thousand CFA francs) per month in the formal sector, did not provide a decent standard of living for a worker and family. High urban prices and dependent extended families obliged many workers, including teachers and health workers, to seek secondary employment, mainly in the informal sector. At year's end the government owed 27 months of back salary to government workers.
Regulations provide for a standard workweek of seven hours per day, six days a week with a one-hour lunch break per day. There were no legal limits on the number of hours that could be worked per week. The law stipulates that overtime must be paid for all work in excess of 40 hours per week; however, there is no legal prohibition against excessive compulsory overtime, which was subject to agreement between employer and employee.
Although health and safety regulations require twice a year visits by inspectors from the Ministry of Labor, such visits occurred much less frequently. Unions generally were vigilant in calling attention to dangerous working conditions; however, the observance of safety standards often was lax. Workers have no specific right to remove themselves from situations that endangered their health or safety without jeopardy to their continued employment.
* The U.S. Chancery in Brazzaville was destroyed in the 1997 civil war, and there is no American chancery or interim office space in the country. However, American diplomats are assigned to Kinshasa and travel by boat to Brazzaville on extended temporary duty status to cover the full range of bilateral issues.


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IBM Continues Cloud Acquisition Spree With Purchase Of Clearleap
IBM continues to snatch up cloud-based companies, unveiling Tuesday that it has bought cloud-based video service provider Clearleap.
On The Acquisition Trail: 5 Companies That Could Buy Intel Security
Reports emerged this week that Intel Security was exploring its options for a sale. Take a look at five companies with deep pockets and a focus on security that could be contenders.
10 Cybersecurity Companies That Hauled In Major Funding In Q2
Ten cybersecurity companies focused on cloud, network security and other hot areas raised a combined $367 million in the second quarter.
Q&A: Dell Cloud Exec On Red Hat Partnership, Co-Existence With EMC Software-Defined Product Lines And Competition With HPE
Jim Ganthier says Dell's latest enterprise software-defined storage effort with Red Hat will exist alongside software-defined products being added in the pending acquisition of storage giant EMC.
Apply now for Cloud Computing Partner Program Guide.


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Only fair
Julian Wright
Corey Brewer
Acie Law
Al Thornton
Marco Belineli
Brandan Wright
Only fair
The number One Pick Oden!!!
The most disappointing rookie is Greg Oden, cause he missed the enitre season. But since he's not on the list, I'll pick Corey Brewer.In a crappy team like Minnesota,most players would've taken advantage of that and used it to average good numbers. He hasn't done that, though.He's still a rookie, so I think he deserves a chance. But he's definitely disappointing.


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You better answer those questions real soon.
Lest you have an accident, boy
rayne cant even help out a pd brother, how low can you get
"I'll go," said Chagataev. "But what will I do there? Build socialism?"
"What else?" said the secretary.
too busy not fucking white girls
"I'll go," said Chagataev. "But what will I do there? Build socialism?"
"What else?" said the secretary.
Make up answers
I'm writing my research paper right now, and it is due tomorrow and I didn't start until today.
A couple weeks ago I wrote an essay two hours before it was due and I was one of the few in the class to get an A on it.
Yeah Im just about done, 2 and a half pages, all I need.
A note though to Rayne: I don't need this for the essay, but for some reason she also want to have us tell a story about when you came to America. I just need something stupid to talk about for a few minutes. For example and Asian guy we talked to talked about how he didn't know what Santa Clause was and had a story where adults were trying to convince him of Santa Clauses existance, but he denied it on the logic that he up at midnight raiding their refridgerator.
Share with us all something stupid that happened to you when you got to America, make it a big PD moment for us all to laugh at.
He'll totally pull through this time.
Well, I open my eyes and I see things. I've seen spirits moving through the walls. I've seen a vortex coming through the wall. I've seen amorphous little balls of light bouncing all around in the front yard through the window. I've seen giant bugs on the floor. I was in a hotel room in Amarillo, Texas, and all I remember is standing on the bed and seeing the whole wall in front of me filled with lights that were [makes popping sound] popping like popcorn out of the wall. Then I'll wake up and I go "Wow, I was standing on my bed and staring at this wall."
I already know his stupid American moment. He stopped studying/socialising in his new lifestyle with his new friends to take the time to answer inane questions and read painfully worded stories about tricking an asian.
make up unflattering answers and still attach his name to it
"I'll go," said Chagataev. "But what will I do there? Build socialism?"
"What else?" said the secretary.
kirby whatd you end up writing for this, out of curiosity
also i feel kinda bad for not helping you out with this, but the truth is that coming to america wasnt really a big culture shock for me as it mightve been for other foreign students so i dont think i couldve given a lot of satisfactory responses


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Useful Links
Nurses Across the Borders Nigeria and SeaTrust Institute USA
- Date submitted: 1 Nov 2011
- Stakeholder type: Major Group
- Name: Nurses Across the Borders Nigeria and SeaTrust Institute USA
- Submission Document: Download
Full Submissiona) What are the expectations for the outcome of Rio+20, and what are the concrete proposals in this regard, including views on a possible structure of the Outcome document? Rio+20 provides an opportunity to reinvigorate multilateralism in sustainable development through reversing what has gone wrong over the last 20 years. Taking advantage of this opportunity requires specific recommendations that equate to actions and an epistemological shift that balances and integrates sustainability?s three pillars in a repair of the structural flaws in the UNFCCC/Kyoto model that has led to a misunderstanding of the nature of climate change between 1985 and 2009 . The changes required, particularly in the face of the policy and monetary capital supporting the current challenged process requires examining past successes for guidelines that can be integrated within today?s context to bring greater equilibrium to a process that now focuses on market and technology at the expense of both people and the environment. To achieve the goal of a working multilateral process that continues to engage the countries that mostly contribute to emissions, those that will continue to increase their contributions, and those that will be most affected by the outcomes of climate change means forging incentives for all to continue to meaningfully participate in crafting the incremental solutions rather than artificially constructing an unenforceable legal structure upon an already fragile system. The ultimate goal should still be a comprehensive and binding global climate change agreement but to get there, reaching both within and outside of the UNFCCC may prove more effective to getting real results in real time. Recalling the comments of Mexico?s Foreign Minister Espinoza at COP16 in Cancun in the face of a single country?s challenge to an agreement by the other 194 members, consensus is not unanimity. Even with such official statements, the UNFCCC process as consensus diplomacy faces serious challenges and there is mounting evidence that collaboration may move processes more effectively by creating conditions that encourage rather than preclude, and that retain key countries rather than driving them to disengage from the issues of climate change and from the regime. Consider: ? The Montreal Protocol ; is a frequently cited example of multilateral success. Like the UNFCCC, it is a framework with vague objectives and no specific obligations for its signatories. Its hallmarks are the capability for rapid modification to incorporate developing scientific information and technical advances with the ability to incite credible regulatory commitment. In accommodating alternatives developing out of science to promote effective public policy, it spawned successor agreements and removed competitive advantages for non-parties. Despite its differences from the UNFCCC, potentially transferrable factors that led to success include trade-related environmental measures, built-in flexibility for risk and uncertainty, and its provision of specific guidance on engaging developing countries. Other good practices that break down rather than reinforce barriers to sustainability goals, reduce transaction costs and increase legitimacy should be referenced as starting places for structuring the Outcome document. ? Trust is a prerequisite to durable legally binding agreements. Rebuilding confidence and trust in the regime is served by eliminating arbitrary divisions between countries, sectors and within systems to increase flexibility to changing science, political and economic systems while supporting incentives and reordering priorities that put people and the environment on a par with market systems and technologies. b. What are the comments, if any, on existing proposals: e.g., a green economy roadmap, framework for action, sustainable development goals, a revitalized global partnership for sustainable development, or others? Many of the current proposals are exclusionary of other goals. Many if not most rely on market mechanisms as the overriding primary indicator. Adopting a ?both/and? approach instead of ?either/or? assumptions allows bottom-up to meet rather than compete with top-down efforts. Both are needed, but need to be reinforcing of the basic tenets of sustainable development that expose the limitations of relying almost exclusively on financial arrangements and technology funding that relegate the protection of the Earth and human welfare to the equivalent of a business plan calling for a commodification of the commons. This requires redefining the ?green economy? as a fundamental principle of sustainability in human and environmental terms that include a definition of global public goods and a vision of attaining a high quality of life for all . Some reasons why current approaches are divisive and ultimately unsuccessful are that they privilege economic methods, metrics and techniques over knowledge co-generation through asymmetrical collaboration such as what has been shown to be effective between indigenous communities and biologists in co-managing natural resources . Working at this type of knowledge interface of cultures, disciplines and interests involves people at the community level in policy-relevant participation, in gathering data, interpreting expert opinions within local contexts, and direct participation in national level discourse that transcends sectoral priorities and offers suggestions that can be replicated in other global locations through integration into the UNFCCC structure. What is needed is to enhance the sustainable development concept with appropriate new indicators. The universal and measurable indicator of human health in action frameworks, which is evidenced in successes and failure metrics by agriculture, disaster risk reduction, energy, climate change, trade and labor policies among others, the pillars of sustainable development are aligned with appropriate attention to the social and environmental values that operate to support healthy global economies. c. What are the views on implementation and on how to close the implementation Gap, which relevant actors are envisaged as being involved (Governments, specific Major Groups, UN system, IFIs, etc.) The goal of implementation is to make practical, not merely rhetorical progress. Rigid processes that impede this goal need to be restructured with priority given to institutional development that allows for the legal framework to evolve within the institutional processes, and including the full range of appropriate actors in policy development and implementation. ? The previous two Earth Summits, the United Nations Conference on Environment and Development (UNCED ) in 1992 and the World Summit on Sustainable Development (WSSD ) in 2002 together with the Convention on Biological Diversity?s (CBD) Aichi Biodiversity Targets, the Hyogo Framework for Action 2005-2015 and the Millennium Development Goals (MDGs) provide a framework for achieving sustainable development. Implementation has been incomplete and many gaps remain in areas ranging from human health, to disaster reduction, migration and the oceans. For example, the Millennium Development Goals (MDGs) could achieve a renewed prominence through integration with other sustainable development initiatives. The current MDG framework does not address growth or governance in its 60 goals for peace, develop�ment, the environment, human rights, the vulnerable, hungry, and poor, Africa, or the United Nations. Rio+20 is an opportunity to link the MDGs to Sustainable Development Goals and establish targets beyond 2015. Similar opportunities exist with other actions and frameworks. ? Pushing the legal framework in advance of institutional revisions weakens an already brittle structure. Strength, stability and binding authorities must develop rather than launch prematurely offering incentives such that no state benefits from withholding and no state accrues benefits by failing to comply. ? A more flexible process requires a restructured interaction among policy actors to reflect the interdependence between local, national and multilateral processes. NGOs, frequently cited as the most effective local implementation agents for poverty eradication, education and capacity building, adaptation and disaster reduction and relief, need direct and specific support from the multilateral system and from governments rather than being considered either competitive or a ?necessary inconvenience.? Directly involving civil society in setting policy as well as in local implementation of action supports prioritizing institutional development over the development of a legal framework - a necessary requirement to rebuild trust. It also gives local interests a voice in any policy as NGOs can represent those interests more authentically than governmental bodies whose foci are often sufficiently (and often appropriately) different from the local community. d. What specific cooperation mechanisms, partnership arrangements or other implementation tools are envisaged and what is the relevant time frame for the proposed decisions to be reached and actions to be implemented? Unavoidably, the necessary partnership development and trust building processes take time and while immediate action on climate change is critical, avoiding a process breakdown through intractable conflict and stalemate requires taking the time to develop meaningful inclusion. This is true at national and multinational levels. To address the immediate requirements for action while rebuilding workable multilateral processes, new and borrowed mechanisms can be engaged to move climate change mitigation and adaptation action forward while building flexibility, inclusion and incentives into the multilateral UNFCCC/Kyoto process that allow for its continuation and evolution. For example, the following could be considered singly or in combination: ? Building bridges rather than artificially separating trade and climate change communities; incorporating learning from international trade law lessons about the fragmented and cyclical nature of international laws to create climate change incentives comparable to the drivers of trade negotiations, possibly through inserting climate change chapters into RTAs (regional trade agreements) which move faster than multilateral processes. RTAs could include geopolitical and security interests for conclusion of regional climate change agreements. ? Convening groups of countries for bilateral and regional climate change agreements and purposefully including the diverse range of institutions now relegated to non-decision making (like the Civil Society Organizations) in current regime complexes . Incorporating successes and working mechanisms into combined multilateral standpoints that reward political support for climate change action, discourage free-riding, and leverage actions such as RTAs with strong commitments for GHC emissions, health and adaptation commitments. ? Linking sustainable development to poverty reduction, considering differentiating responsibilities by GDP, per capita GDP, total emissions, per capita emissions and population/environment interrelationships in bilateral and mini-lateral actionable decisions building towards multilateral agreements. Conclusion: The current Kyoto Protocol is a top-down agreement that has proven to be very rigid. It is dominated by market mechanisms with insufficient regard for social and environmental values and methods. With complementary climate agreements, it could transform from what many see as the only structure providing a legal basis for climate change action into a more workable system within our emerging multi-polar world. Trade and climate change in cooperative alliance can act together to dissolve arbitrary barriers and include the appropriate actors at the right points in the process for swift and durable movement. Concepts like variable geometry (also known as enhanced cooperation) can enhance and make the UNFCCC more viable, more realistic, and more trusted . Successful policy interlinks efforts to address ecological, social, economic and cultural issues. It interweaves local and regional actions with regional, national and multilateral processes and agreements which can become permanent and binding, yet flexible.


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Artist Ramona Maziarz will present an exhibition, Fine Lines, in the Delaware Division of the Arts Mezzanine Gallery from May 3-31.
The gallery is open weekdays from 8 a.m. to 4:30 p.m. in the Carvel State office building, 820 N. French St., Wilmington. There will be a reception to meet the artist from 5 to 8 p.m. May 3 as part of Wilmington's Art Loop. Maziarz, a Delaware Individual Artist Fellow in Work on Paper, will showcase a series of pen and ink drawings. She frequently visits Delaware State Parks for inspiration.
For more information: (302) 736-7435.
Location, ST | website.com


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This bilingual edition of On the Blue Shore of Silence: Poems of the Sea, recommended by Patagonia, celebrates the centenary of the birth of Pablo Neruda, one of the most widely read and best-loved poets of the twentieth century.
We promote fair labor practices, safe working conditions and environmental responsibility throughout the Patagonia supply chain.
Below are the suppliers that impact the On the Blue Shore of Silence: Poems of the Sea
by Pablo Neruda (hardcover book)
View our supply chain


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Have a look then at the My No comment section, it has been built for you! Because the No Comment fans are spread all over the world and because anyone can be a witness to a news event before any TV crew, we rely on you to capture the action!
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For more pageantry, see Confessions of the Multi-Age Beauty Pageant Queens.
Self-esteem had pretty much eluded Donna Johnson when she was younger, so she felt entitled to a short victory lap after returning home from her first big win. At 49, the newly crowned Mrs. New Hampshire America—once a pudgy girl whose mother chided her for clomping around "like a farmer whose shoes are too big"—finally had irrefutable proof that she was beautiful, charming, worthy. Who could blame her for sashaying out to the mailbox with a huge rhinestone crown teetering atop her auburn head? "I was still in my pajamas," she adds happily. It wasn't long before the neighbors started calling.
"What on earth are you doing?" they all asked.
It's a question you hear a lot when you decide to become a beauty queen long after it's clear that neither you nor your Wonderbra will ever see a perky 34 again. Undeterred, Johnson just put her tiara back on when it was time to walk the dogs.
From the grande dame Mrs. America competition to cheesetastic local events, opportunities abound these days for women who covet a satin sash and a bit of the spotlight regardless of their age or contest experience. In the multimillion-dollar pageant industry, older contenders have become an increasingly hot commodity, in all senses of the word. In the top-tier pageant systems (Mrs. America, Mrs. United States and Mrs. International), fierce grandmothers go peep toe to peep toe with dewy twentysomethings—women of all ages competing against one another in the same pool. Smaller national and regional pageants often opt to break down the competition by age group or, when a plus-size title is also offered, by dress size. "More than half my clients are age 35 and up," says Suzy Bootz, a Dallas pageant coach who was 42 herself when she took the Mrs. International title five years ago. But good looks alone didn't make Bootz a force to be reckoned with. "I was in radio sales and advertising," she explains. "I sold an intangible, I sold an idea—30 to 60 seconds of air. Pageants are the same kind of concept. I'm a brunette Puerto Rican in her forties who competed against blond, blue-eyed 23-year-olds." And won.
Like Bootz and Johnson—who, when she's not competing, runs an excavation company with her husband—women who hit the pageant circuit in their thirties, forties, fifties and beyond do so with a passion that appears to be either impressively sincere or stunningly misguided. After all, there are no fat checks, dream vacations or new cars to be won here. At Beauties of America, for example, the $1,000 cash award merely reimburses the winner for her $795 entry fee, with a bit left over to apply to other expenses, such as hotel costs. The winner also takes home items donated by sponsors, including a faux-fur jacket, costume jewelry, a pink keepsake crystal rose and a gift certificate from a plastic surgeon based in Des Moines. The modest prizes offered by these competitions don't come close to matching the thousands of dollars the women readily admit to spending as they chase titles few people outside the tightly knit pageant world have ever heard of. It's not the swag they're after. It's the attention, the camaraderie, the thrill of competition and the chance to just plain enjoy being a girl.
Mary Richardson, national executive director of the Mrs. International pageant (and 1992's Mrs. Virginia), thinks "the maturity factor" gives older contestants a certain edge. "Once they hit their forties, they're there to win—they're not fooling around," Richardson says. "The over-40 woman may not have the same body or the same elasticity in her skin, but she's going to give that 25-year-old a run for her money."
It's lunchtime at the Beauties of America pageant in Myrtle Beach, South Carolina, and the windowless hotel conference room is a girly hive of contestants with perfect makeup trying to daintily eat messy sandwiches. A national pageant in its 27th year of, as its website proclaims, "celebrating beauty and achievement at every age," Beauties requires competitors in its annual August event to pony up the entry fee and meet certain basic requirements, such as being a "naturally born, genetic female" who has "not appeared nude in print, film or live." Although the bigger, more elite "Mrs." pageants accept married competitors only, Beauties welcomes single, widowed and divorced women as well. Contestants (aka delegates) are split into divisions—"Teen," "20s," "30s," etc.—so they are judged only against women their own age.
After serving themselves at the lunch buffet on pageant day, the delegates gravitate to tables by age. That may be predictable enough, but the territory claimed by each group is not: The Teens and 20s settle on the fringes while the 40s and 50s hold boisterous court in the center, the handful of 30s scattered among them. The tight economy has made the smallish pageant even tinier this year, with only 35 competitors. Still, the mix runs the gamut from excited first-timers to driven veterans who pop up on so many runways that the circuit has a name for them: crown chasers. There are a pair of evangelical Christian retiree sisters (one representing New York, the other Florida), a mother-daughter duo from North Carolina, a willowy blond Manhattan CPA who brought her professional hair and makeup artist, an insomniac Southern belle who twirls batons in the parking lot at midnight and a reserved Arizona woman who's competing without family or friends in the audience.
"Don't get your sash in the mustard!" someone warns as Johnson, now 52, leans forward to tell a story about her 10-month-old granddaughter. The contestants are still in their tailored suits and dresses from the morning's interview segment of the pageant, which constitutes 40 percent of the final score. Debra Gilmour, the reigning 50s-division queen, laments that the South Carolina humidity is making her feet swell too much to be crammed into her high heels. Across the table, a curvy brunette in purple with a matching barrette in her hair is openly admitting that she wanted a tiara so badly, she finally just went and bought herself one, while Annette Watkins, the 50s delegate from Florida, hands out little gift envelopes to the other women. "It's nothing big, so I apologize," she says. Exchanging presents is traditional at these pageants, and entire online boutiques exist to fulfill the demand for leopard-print makeup bags or compacts, brooches and other trinkets embellished with tiny rhinestone crowns. Savvy contestants also stock up on less glamorous accessories for themselves, like roll-on "butt glue" to hold swimsuit bottoms in place and gel falsies to fill out the tops.
This is Joy Wadsworth's fourth time trying for this particular title. A vivacious 43-year-old Alabamian who works in the beverage industry, Wadsworth felt the economic pinch this year but paid the entry fee anyway. "The washing machine died, and guess where the money came from for a new one? My pageant fund," she says. "So I'm wearing last year's dress, but it's fine. I enjoy the experience and the camaraderie. My husband thinks it's a total waste of time, but he watches professional wrestling, so it all evens out." Wadsworth is spending most of her time catching up with Vienna De La Garza, a cool blond Texan competing in the 50s category, whom she met at last year's pageant. A special--education teacher, De La Garza considers pageantry not only a fun pastime but also a way to advocate for kids with learning disabilities. "I've stepped in for the Corpus Christi mayor four or five times for a chance to speak about autism at fund raisers," she says. That's not the only attention she enjoys. She describes a recent outing when, her long hair in a high ponytail and her eyes framed by oversize sunglasses, she drew an appreciative greeting from a hot guy idling beside her at a stoplight. "What do you call yourself?" he hollered over from his car. "So then my teenage son leans across the seat and says, 'I call her Mom." De La Garza laughs.
The room is starting to get stuffy, and Wadsworth fans her face. De La Garza grins knowingly.
"Are you having a personal summer?" she jokes. Instantly, talk at the entire 40s and 50s table turns to menopause—hot flashes, hysterectomies, someone saying she's got ovarian cysts the size of pomegranates. It's the loudest, liveliest table in the room, and the younger contestants keep shooting the older women curious glances, clearly wondering what's so funny.
Lisa Thomas, Minnesota's 50s, drinks it all in with an eager smile. This is her first pageant. Her two daughters competed in pageants in their teens and won titles in the same year. Now they're both grown, and a grandbaby is on the way.
"It's not laundry, it's not grocery shopping. It's Cinderella time," says Thomas, who works in the insurance business and has been married 30 years. "Doing this is kind of like rediscovering me."
Mary Gentile knows the pageant scene well—this is the sixth one this year alone for her 15-year-old daughter, Lauren—but it's the first time Gentile has morphed from pageant mom to competitor. "I was empowered by losing 45 pounds," the North Carolina 50s delegate announces. With her vivid blue eyes and fashionably choppy blond crop, Gentile is striking, but clearly not cut from the Farrah Fawcett mold favored by the veterans. Gentile has heard that one woman spent $4,000 on her evening gown. "I'm not nervous," she insists. (Evening gowns count for 25 percent of the final score, as does fitness; 40 percent depends on the interview, and the remaining 10 percent is awarded for being photogenic.)
Virginia delegate Radiah Hyatte, 36, has been on the circuit since she was a young teenager and had to beg her feminist single mother to let her try pageantry. "I've been competing for 22 years now, and I've never won," she allows without a hint of bitterness. She competes in the Miss Galaxy system as well as in Beauties of America. "It's really a numbers game. Sure, you plan to win, but it's not the end of the world if you don't," she says. "I love to do volunteer work and community service, and pageantry has opened so many doors for me."
When Hyatte called Walter Reed Army Medical Center in nearby Washington, D.C., a few years ago and said she would like to come visit wounded soldiers "and thank them for their service," she recalls, "10 different people gave me the runaround, and finally someone told me it wasn't possible." When she tried again the next day and introduced herself as the Northern Virginia delegate for Miss Galaxy, she relates, "They said, 'Why didn't you say you were a beauty queen yesterday? What day works for you?' and rolled out the red carpet."
Having the right platform and being an articulate advocate is considered so crucial to winning that many women hire interview coaches to prep them, paying upwards of $50 an hour. Sheila Strassburg, a former beauty queen and pageant director turned professional "queen maker," won't take on a new client without finding out first what drives her. Strassburg has come to Myrtle Beach to do hair and makeup for Vienna De La Garza and Sheila McKinney, a New York–based accountant who brings the same focus to pageantry that she does to competing in triathlons or supporting the charitable foundation she founded in memory of her first husband.
Strassburg says she can tell how serious a competitor a client will be by asking about her hobbies outside of pageantry. The low-maintenance ones are usually "scrapbookers, bakers and gardeners," she's found, while runners, kickboxers, cyclists and fitness buffs tend to be more intense and driven. Strassburg's background as a professional grief counselor also comes in handy when a wannabe queen is left standing crownless in a beaded gown she's unlikely to wear again.
"I tell them to own their disappointment," Strassburg says. "You get around it, past it, beyond it. Examine it. Did you make any mistakes? The 35s and older get over it a lot faster. They may have their moment and shed a tear or two. But they know when you line it all up, this is play, something you do for fun."
Debra Gilmour wants to believe that, too, but experience has taught the 53-year-old Oregonian that "competition does interesting things to people." Gilmour enjoyed pageantry as a younger woman, then took a 20-year hiatus while raising her family before returning in 2009. She'd forgotten how cutthroat some competitors can be. Gilmour was preparing to walk the runway in her evening gown at a state pageant when, she says, a fellow competitor sidled up to her backstage: "She goes, 'Oh, your hook isn't done right; let me fix it for you.' Then next thing I know, it's broken, and I'm going out onstage in this Jessica Rabbit gown with a big gap in the back." Gilmour still won.
Tales of sabotage are for the most part the great urban myth of pageantry—endlessly colorful and intriguing but mostly impossible to prove. Shoes mysteriously disappear, earrings turn up broken and, perhaps most notoriously, on the Mrs. circuit, Magic Markers are taken to the fabulous white gown of a favored contender. "I have seen people trying to dig up dirt on the Internet or telling pageant directors someone has risqué old modeling photos and shouldn't be allowed to compete," says Wendi Russo, a 44-year-old shopping-network hostess from Minnesota who was first runner-up for the title of Mrs. United States 2010. "It's ridiculous. Nobody's running for public office here. It's a pageant."
Angela Smith is similarly disgusted by women who, as she sees it, get into pageantry for the wrong reasons. And she has no tolerance for the ones who stoop to head games in an attempt to win ("Oh, you're wearing that?"). The crown, notes the 35-year-old mother of four, "is just rocks and metal, and you can get it cheaper on eBay if you're not going to do something with it."
Smith, who lives in Akron, Ohio, first competed back in high school. She married and divorced young, then finally broke a pattern of what she describes as relationships with abusive men. She eventually remarried and six years ago began competing in pageants again, with domestic violence awareness as her platform. Being a beauty queen reinforces the message she wants to share. "As a white, middle-class woman, people will come up to me after I speak and say, 'Well, you don't look like an abused woman,' because we have this stereotype," she says. "I tell them, 'It's one in three women in America.' "
Passion, egos and causes aren't all that's invested in this pastime. "If you're going to do a Mrs. pageant, make sure your husband is supportive," advises Jayne Black, who's finishing her reign as Mrs. Wisconsin in the Mrs. United States system. "It's like running a small business. You're investing money, you're investing time. And if you're a titleholder, you'll be giving a lot of yourself to community service."
Black breaks down a rough estimate of start-up costs for the business of becoming a late-blooming beauty queen: Entry fees and an evening gown will typically total more than $1,000 easily; a tailored and embellished interview suit will run an additional $500. Most pageants for mature women forgo the swimsuit competition in favor of an appearance in aerobic or fitness wear, but if required, pageant swimsuits will add at least $300. Chandelier earrings are a must, and then there are shoes, transportation and hotel costs, professional head shots (required for the "photogenic" competition), gifts for fellow contestants, the optional but strategic ad in the pageant program and incidentals such as makeup, professional highlights or hair coloring, Botox or line-filler injections if needed and wanted. And, of course, a backup gown. Some women also bring backups for the backup. At Beauties of America, Donna Johnson confesses that she has packed so many backup outfits and shoes that there was no room for her husband's things in their luggage; she made him buy a change of clothes at a local store once they got to the pageant.
The cost of competing is daunting to Shannon Morgan, a 34-year-old army flight medic who was chosen to participate as the Colorado delegate in the Mrs. United States pageant in Las Vegas this summer. But as soon as she shared her happy news on Facebook, Morgan says, offers began pouring in from pals in the pageant world: You can borrow any of my gowns; do you need an interview suit? Morgan also bought a box of envelopes and sent appeals for sponsorship to her community. Her determination to raise the funds is fueled by the knowledge that this is her last chance to compete before being deployed again by the military. She's already done three tours, including a stint in Mosul, Iraq, where her plane was shot down by AK-47s last year as it was preparing to land.
"We could hear the bullets pinging through," she recalls. The crew and their five patients escaped serious injury, but Morgan later discovered tiny bumps along her jawline where shrapnel was buried. "I just had laser done on my chin to smooth it out," she says. Now stationed at Fort Carson, Colorado, Morgan runs a medical clinic for military families. Pageants, she says, keep her grounded. "I wear a bun and uniform seven days a week," she explains. "When a pageant comes up, I just want to be a girl. In the army, I'm yelling at people all the time. Onstage, I feel beautiful." Morgan hasn't won a major title yet but proudly reports that she scores the congeniality award whenever she competes. She'd rather crack up other contestants with her Running Man dance than play dirty.
"Being in the military, I know how to pick my battles," she says wryly.
The show is finally about to begin in the Sheraton ballroom in Myrtle Beach, and before being herded backstage, the contestants are making last-minute adjustments in the hotel conference room that's become their shared dressing room. The women will spend most of the next two hours either here or behind the stage curtains, waiting for the few solo minutes each will get in the spotlight, serenaded by an Elvis impersonator in a tight white jumpsuit. First the judges are introduced, among them a former South Carolina Yam Queen. Then the women parade onstage in cocktail dresses. Joy Wadsworth is glad she had her husband check her outfit with a Maglite beforehand to make sure the bright lights wouldn't give the audience any un-intended glimpses of what she refers to as her "promised land and cash prizes."
After the introductory promenade, the delegates change into swimsuits (Teens and 20s) or fitness wear (everyone else). Donna Johnson is spray-tanned and lean in her short skirt and crop-top. One of the 40s delegates shows off her marathon-sculpted body in hot-pink aerobic wear, while curvier contestants opt for slenderizing capris.
Next, there's a 10-minute intermission for the women to change into their evening gowns and refresh hair and makeup that's been rebelling under the hot lights. The heat and the tight jumpsuit are clearly getting to the Elvis impersonator, too; sweat pours down his face as he struts through the audience singing "Hound Dog" while attempting to climb atop the chairs of some clearly mortified spectators.
"Time to go, time to go! Two minutes, hurry, hurry!" a pageant staffer shouts as 35 women without mirrors attempt to wriggle into their gowns for the grand finale. "Do I need to pad?" Wads-worth wonders aloud. Sheila Strass-burg is touching up the makeup of Sheila McKinney. Teenage Lauren Gentile is freaking out over a tear in the $800 pink confection she bought with her savings from an after-school job at Chick-fil-A, but the older age divisions appear onstage first, so contestant Mary Gentile dismisses her daughter's plaintive plea for help and heads out into the spotlight. "I'm not playing personal assistant this time," she declares. "I'm in the competition!"
"Unforgettable" wafts from the sound system as the women take their final walk across the stage in their evening gowns. The outgoing queens are paid tribute, and they recount their experiences in prerecorded voice-overs. The would-be queens wait quietly, except for Missouri's 30s delegate, who collapses in the back row and falls behind the satin curtains, a casualty of the heat. "If you feel faint, it's OK to leave the stage," pageant director and host Jennifer Reed says over the microphone. "Don't lock your knees; that'll do it every time." The stricken contender is quickly revived, and the crowning ceremony gets under way. In the 50s division, unassuming Kathy Lauer from Arizona looks stunned when she's named the winner. McKinney looks stunned, too, visibly disappointed to be first runner-up. She comes off the stage into the waiting hug of her coach.
As the five newly crowned division queens prepare for their official portraits, Lauer, in a beautiful emerald satin gown, stands in a quiet corner to dial the number of an assisted-living facility in Arizona. Her husband has multiple myeloma and suffered a debilitating stroke in 2009; this pageant was her brief escape from the daily routine of hospital rooms, insurance battles and a loneliness she can't imagine ever growing used to. She leaves a message on his voice mail: "Hey, honey, it's Kathy. Good news: I won!"
Wadsworth figures she'll start budgeting on Monday for a new dress for the following year, when she'll make her fifth try. Radiah Hyatte returns home to Virginia and gets word that she's being laid off by her tech firm. She decides to go full time as a Mary Kay consultant and move to North -Carolina for the lower cost of living—but reinventing her life won't stop her from pouring everything into winning Miss Galaxy. "I'm going back this summer with a vengeance," she vows. Debra Gilmour, her Beauties of America reign now over, feels fulfilled and wants to switch to consulting in the pageant world.
"I'm not competing anymore," she swears. "Stick a rhinestone fork in me. I'm done."
TAMARA JONES is a Pulitzer Prize–winning writer based in the Washington, D.C., area.
Originally published in the June 2011 issue of MORE.
For more pageantry, see Confessions of the Multi-Age Beauty Pageant Queens.
Check out Debra Gilmour's essay, Reinventing Mrs Oregon.
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Johnson City, Tenn. -- The Bucs missed their opportunity to sweep a three-game Southern Conference series from Wofford with an 8-5 loss on Sunday, April 30.
Wofford pitcher George Lehr was the story, holding the Bucs to five runs on five hits. The Bucs could only manage two runs until Ed Sparks three-run homer in the ninth.
Danny Pugh collected two hits for the Bucs. Lead-off man Jeremy Terry went 0-4 and snapped his 14-game hit streak.
Jarrod Hyder started the game on the mound and lasted five innings, allowing six runs on six hits. Shannon Carter pitched three innings of relief, allowing two runs.