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Nick Vehr
Need to know Nick Vehr's email, phone numbers, linkedin profile, wiki, twitter username, and biography? You can find contact information on Vehr Communications LLC's Lead411 profile. Nick Vehr is the President for Vehr Communications LLC, an organization which has its base in Cincinnati, OH. One can also find Vehr Communications LLC email addresses on their Lead411 profile with the @vehrcommunications.com url. Advertising/pr is Vehr Communications LLC's industry within the Lead411 database. Some possible email formats for Nick Vehr are firstname.lastname@example.com, firstname.lastname@example.com, firstname.lastname@example.com, and email@example.com. If you sign up for our free trial you will see our email@example.com addresses.
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Nick Vacca - Executive
Have you been looking for contact information, like phone numbers and emails, on Nick Vacca? Lead411 provides data on him which include twitter, linkedin url, wiki, and biography. There is also Ozark Christian College email addresses within the @occ.edu profile so Nick Vacca's email could be included. Nick Vacca is part of the Ozark Christian College which has its main offices in Joplin, MO. Currently holds the post of ADMISSIONS COUNSELORS. You can find the company data on Lead411 under the Education/training industry. Some possible email formats for Nick Vacca are firstname.lastname@example.com, firstname.lastname@example.com, email@example.com, and email@example.com. If you sign up for our free trial you will see our firstname.lastname@example.com addresses.
Nick Vaccaro - Executive
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Nick Vaccaro - Other
Their Parts Department Supervisor is Nick Vaccaro. Their Lead411 profile is categorized under the Personal services industry. If you're checking for Liftech Equipment Companies Inc email addresses, these are also available on Lead411 with the @liftech.com email addresses and possibly Nick Vaccaro's email. Liftech Equipment Companies Inc is based in East Syracuse, NY. You can also get Nick Vaccaro's linkedin info, twitter data, phone numbers, wiki and biography on their Lead411 profile. Their contact information is filed under the Personal services category. Some possible email formats for Nick Vaccaro are email@example.com, email@example.com, firstname.lastname@example.com, and email@example.com. If you sign up for our free trial you will see our email@example.com addresses.
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Paul Bernish - Executive
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Amy Crowley - Other
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Sandy Daugherty - Executive
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I just noticed that Norman Deno's seminal work on seed germination was published in June 1993 making it just over 20 years old. There are many great reference sites for seed germination on the 'net, but Deno's book is a marvel. It is available as a public domain download at
and the two supplements are at
They make the germination of rare and difficult seeds so much easier. The one problem with the .pdf files of the download is that they were evidently scanned in and a lot of typos have accrued from the scanning and text recognition process. Hence, it is better to search the files for the genus rather than the species and it is usually the species name that has been garbled.
Thank you Dr Deno!
Celebrating 20 years of Dr Deno
Yes, these are a great reference for gardeners!
Thank You to Dr. Deno!
Me too, thank you Dr Deno! I downloaded these PDFs a while ago and refer back to them every year when I run into trouble with some recalcitrant seed or other. Invaluable!
Thanks for the links. I've only read bits and will be glad to have the full text.
It is the only way to go---with seeds!!!
Post a Reply to this Thread
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subset: commoncrawl


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Maria Crucified Satellico grew up with her uncle who was a priest. Maria was a sickly child, but was strong in prayer, music and singing.Maria was a student in the Poor Clare Monastery of Ostra Vetere, and responsible for singing and playing the organ. Joined the Poor Clares at age 19, she made her religious profession on 19 May 1726, taking the name Maria Crucified. Abbess of her community.
Born in France in 1567, Francis was a patient man. He knew for thirteen years that he had a vocation to the priesthood before he mentioned it to his family. When his father said that he ... continue reading
St. Gregory, born at Rome about the year 540, was the son of Gordianus, a wealthy senator, who later renounced the world and became one of the seven deacons of Rome. After he had acquired ... continue reading
St. Bridget arrived in Ireland a few years after St. Patrick. Her father was an Irish lord named Duptace. As Bridget grew up, she became holier and more pious each day. She loved the ... continue reading
The writings of St. Irenaeus entitle him to a high place among the fathers of the Church, for they not only laid the foundations of Christian theology but, by exposing and refuting the errors of the ... continue readingMore Saint of the Day
St. Elizabeth was born in Hungary in 1207, the daughter of Alexander II, King of Hungary. At the age of four she was sent for education to the court of the Landgrave of Thuringia, to whose infant son she was betrothed. As she grew in age, her piety also increased by ... continue readingMore Female Saints
Saint Michael the Archangel isn't a saint, but rather he is an angel, and the leader of all angels and of the army of God. This is what the title "Archangel" means, that he is above all the others in rank. St. Michael has four main responsibilities or offices, as we ... continue reading
Although we have evidence that Agatha was venerated at least as far back as the sixth century, the only facts we have about her are that she was born in Sicily and died there a martyr. In the legend of her life, we are told that she belonged to a rich, important ... continue reading
In St. Matthew's Gospel, we read of St. Simon or Simeon who is described as one of our Lord's brethren or kinsmen. His father was Cleophas, St. Joseph's brother, and his mother, according to some writers, was our Lady's sister. He would therefore be our Lord's first ... continue reading
By Deacon Keith Fournier
This great defender of the faith insisted on the central claim of Christianity: God can be known and loved-indeed, that is why He came into our midst in the person of His Son; so that through a relationship with Jesus Christ, man could participate in the very ... continue readingMore Christian Saints & Heroes


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Churchill rally to hold Salgoacar 1-1 drawDuler, May 24 (UNI) The Churchill Brothers came from behind to hold Salgaocar Football Club to a 1-1 draw and share points in Group A match of the Bandodkar Gold Trophy Football Tournament played at Duler stadium here in North Goa today. Both the ... United News of India, 1 month ago
Churchill Brothers hold Salgaocar FC to 1-1 draw - Goa Herald, 1 month ago
Pune FC hold Churchill Bros - Goa Herald, 1 month ago
10 images for churchill brothers
Bandodkar football tourney starts from today
12:02 am Margao : Salgaocar SC take on Goa Velha SC while Churchill Brothers will play against Pune FC on Friday on the opening day of the Bandodkar Gold Trophy football tournament that is being revived after a gap of over 20 years. The Goa ...The Freepress Journal, 1 month ago Bandodkar Gold Trophy football tournament to kick off on Friday Can India News, 1 month ago
Desormeaux brothers a study in contrasts, shared focus as their Derby day with Exaggerator nears
LOUISVILLE, Ky.—Walking through the backstretch at Churchill Downs gives you an idea of where there is a sense of importance. Barn 41 at the front is full of activity, with all of Doug O'Neill 's Team Nyquist contingent in sync, spreading their ...Los Angeles Times, 1 month ago Nyquist draws 13 in Kentucky Derby at Churchill Downs Equilibrio Informativo, 1 month ago Nyquist the early favorite for Saturday's Kentucky Derby Equilibrio Informativo, 1 month ago Making the Grade: Nyquist's Preakness Chances Blood-Horse, 1 month ago
Churchill To Retire To £500m Stock Market Home
By Britain's second-largest owner of retirement homes is plotting a stock market listing that would land the brothers who founded it a bumper payout. Sky News has learnt that Churchill Retirement Living is close to appointing investment bankers ...Sky News, 3 weeks ago Retirement housebuilder Churchill eyes float Insider Media Limited, 2 weeks ago
Maine Brothers take on the Kentucky Derby
Outwork has gotten the most raves from the clockers since he arrived at Churchill Downs. But whatever option you pick, it's worth the time and effort because it's likely to be a big payout. Only two out of the last 48 Derby winners did not win as ...Equilibrio Informativo, 1 month ago The brothers behind Exaggerator, the Kentucky Derby horse to root for New York Post, 1 month ago
From dustups to Derby: Brothers Desormeaux take a shot
Image 1 of 3 Trainer Keith Desormeaux watches his Kentucky Derby hopeful Exaggerator cool down outside Barn 25 at Churchill Downs in Louisville, Ky., Tuesday, May 3, 2016. The 142nd Kentucky Derby is Saturday, May 7. Trainer Keith Desormeaux ...Chron.com, 1 month ago A Derby Rookie's First Churchill Morning Blood-Horse, 1 month ago For Kent Desormeaux, Preakness is a welcome Maryland homecoming Washington Post, 1 month ago From dustups to Derby: Desormeauxs take a shot Taipei Times Online, 1 month ago
More from: , Hong Kong Standard...and 2 other sources
Aldrich aims to follow Ronaldo footsteps
NAVELIM: Eighteen-year-old lad Aldrich Coelho from Nagmodem, Navelim, who is donning the colours of Churchill Brothers SC as a striker, aims for the stars and wants to emulate football hero Real Madrid striker Cristiano Ronaldo in his professional ...Goa Herald, 1 week ago
Trick Daddy's Quick and Dirty Churchill's Concert Included Brother Marquis and Yeast Infections
Monday, June 6th, 2016 07:38 The $40 required to enter Churchill 's Saturday night was confirmed to be a record cover charge in the Little Haiti dive's storied 37 year existence. "I think Dick Dale charged $25," an employee at the door said, ...NewsFlow24, 2 weeks ago
Was Royal behind a secret plot to use Nazi Rudolf Hess to topple Winston Churchill?
King George VI's younger brother was the central figure in a failed Anglo-German conspiracy to topple Winston Churchill and make peace with the Nazis. And it was to happen when Rudolf Hess parachuted into Britain during the Second World War. ...Irish Mirror, 1 month ago
Federation Cup: Sanjoy Sen - Churchill Brothers, United SC must be given a chance in the I-League
Having ended their I-League campaign placed second, Mohun Bagan pay a visit to the seventh placed side from the I-League, Salgaocar, in the first leg of their Federation Cup tie in Goa on Sunday. Speaking at the pre-match press conference, Mohun ...Yahoo! Singapore, 1 month ago
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As editorial director at AIGA, I keep tabs on all the design news (so you don't have to) and bring you only the best bits. Behold: my hit list of the most interesting things I've seen, read, and watched this week. Follow along all day every day on Instagram @AIGAdesign and Twitter @AIGAdesign. This week I…...
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Lyrics Depot is your source of lyrics to City Of Gainesville by Less Than Jake. Please check back for more Less Than Jake lyrics.
City Of Gainesville Lyrics
Artist: Less Than Jake
Album: GNV FLA
We have our master plan bottled and canned living in the 352
Steps 1 and 2 walk home drunk wake up confused with a stranger next to you
The copied costumes and conversation seem to be totally making
this into a strip mall kind of town
I use my credit card to buy alcohol student loan spent at the mall and I
I may be going broke but I'm never broken down
We have our history just you and me but our future gets tucked away
Steps 3 and 4 staying drunk sit on this porch planning out how to escape
Cause were two truck stops off the interstate promised land with a twist of fame
Were a town for all the lost and found
So sleep tight in this smoky room still buzzed from this afternoon and I
I may be going broke but I'm never broken down
Less Than Jake Lyrics
Less Than Jake GNV FLA Lyrics
More Less Than Jake Music Lyrics:
Less Than Jake - 24 Hours in Paramus Lyrics
Less Than Jake - Blindsided Lyrics
Less Than Jake - Descant Lyrics
Less Than Jake - Great American Sharpshooter Lyrics
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Less Than Jake - P.S. Shock The World Lyrics
Less Than Jake - Richard Allen George... No, It's Just Cheez... (Cheese) Lyrics
Less Than Jake - Where in the Hell is Mike Sinkovich? Lyrics


text:
Return to SwingLifeStyle.com The Swingers Home Page
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Antique 19c. French Green Onyx Cloisonne Enamel Pillar Shelf Clock
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Antique 19c. French Green Onyx Cloisonne Enamel Pillar Shelf Clock:
100% Customer Satisfaction Guarantee To Be As Described Or Your Money Back!
- Fine QualityWeekly Antique sales
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Antique 19C. French Green Onyx Cloisonne Enamel Pillar Shelf Clock
Description : Large French green onyx and cloisonne pillar shelf clock with "L" shaped columns on both sides each with inset cloisonne panels. It has a shield shaped enameled face and lower apronin cloisonne. It has a canted side top with step down design.
Size : Measures 14 1/2" tall by 13 5/8" wide and 4 3/8" thick.
Age : 19th C.
Click here for Age/ Date Chart
Condition : Works of this clock are untested. It is missing its pendulum and bell chime. Minor chipped area to side of pillars, other small frets along sharp edges.
offer with confidence,our .99 cent salesare guaranteed as described!
Please read the very bottom of ad to see if any additional information was added during the course of the week prior to placing your final offer.We do combine shipping on multiple purchases.I will not take offers for Buy It Now, sale will run 10 days.I do not fraud customs forms.
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Antique 19c. French Green Onyx Cloisonne Enamel Pillar Shelf Clock:
Fine Antique Ansonia Low Drop Hanging Wall Clock Royal College London England
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Excellent Small Gilded Art Deco Alarm Clock In Case 1920's
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I will always love you :-) by pelin (2789)
vicana (74) 2008-07-13 4:32
Beautiful shot! The white sky beside the old man's head seems to create a little bit of a problem, but otherwise the mood is excellent. The soothing reassuring expression on the grandfather's face and the calm expression on the boy's face, showing that he knows he is safe now,.. all look great.
Katoomba Ripples by JPlumb (3159)
vicana (74) 2008-05-13 21:12
Great shot! Loks beautiful. The green colours and the reflections of the blue sky in the water, along with the patches of reddish brown, all create a harmony of colours which appears to be very pleasing. Only the white portion of the sky seems a bit too bright to go along with the beautiful scenery. ANywaysm excellent work! Thanks for sharing.
Guadalupe's state-run hotel by Zelanda (5692)
vicana (74) 2008-04-26 18:24
Beautiful shot. The white and red and the corridoor and doors give a feeling of 'oldness' to the building, and the greenery in the garden adds some colour and variation to the picture. Well composed shot. Thanks for sharing.
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Man charged with LSD saleMarch 01,2013
BURLINGTON A former Vermont college student is facing charges he sold LSD to a student who later jumped off a bridge while fleeing campus security.
A judge said there is probable cause to charge 19-year-old Colin Basler, of Old Lyme, Conn., with selling LSD.
The Burlington Free Press reported that Basler was scheduled to be arraigned earlier this week, but he is at a drug treatment facility and did not attend. The arraignment was postponed.
Basler was arrested Feb. 20. Colchester police say Basler sold the drug through a middleman to another student who trashed a convenience store after using LSD. That student then jumped from a 40-foot bridge while fleeing authorities. That student suffered multiple injuries, but his condition is improving.
Basler has since withdrawn from St. Michaels College.MORE IN Vermont NewsMONTPELIER Sue Minter, a Democratic gubernatorial candidate, has laid out a plan for Vermonts... Full StoryFour months after a plan for a major development at the Interstate 89 exit in Randolph was... Full StoryMONTPELIER A bipartisan deal has been reached by two key members of the U.S. Full Story
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- Accessories for Orchestral Str...(942)
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text:
EC announces by-election for Maharashtra RS seat
Last Updated: Tuesday, December 18, 2012 - 17:06
New Delhi: The Election Commission has announced the schedule for bye-election to Rajya Sabha from Maharashtra for filling the vacancy following the death of Vilasrao Deshmukh.
As per the schedule announced today, the notification will be issued on December 26 and the last date for filing of nominations is January 2, 2013.
After scrutiny the next day, the last date for withdrawal of candidatures is January 5 and polling, if any, will be held on January 12 next from 9 AM to 4 PM and counting the same day at 5 PM.
The vacancy had occurred due to the death of sitting member and Union Minister Vilasrao Deshmukh, who died on August 14. His term of office was to expire on April 2, 2018.
First Published: Tuesday, December 18, 2012 - 17:06
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Let's walk to Friday Drinks at the Hi Dive. We will meet at the Ferry Building in front of the big stairs outside in front at 6 p.m. At 6:10 sharp we will head south along the waterfront for a 15 minute evening stroll to the Hi Dive. Latecomers and those not wishing to walk can meet us there. Here is the Yelp review and the location: http://www.yelp.com/biz/hi-dive-san-francisco . I will be at the Hi Dive until around 8:45ish.
Safety Disclaimer: The organizers of this meet-up are unpaid volunteers and not expert hiking guides. All participants agree to assume 100% responsibility for their own safety, conduct, and well-being and recognize that possible hazards exist while participating in outdoor (or any other) activities, and agree to participate solely at their own risk. If you RSVP "Yes" and/or attend any of our events, it shall be conclusively presumed that you understand and agree to this policy.
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For most of us, the AUGLAIZE, Ohio home appraisal is the single most important task when trying to figure out the home value. Since this is the case, ordering a home appraisal when buying or selling any OH home is paramount. This will determine how buyers and sellers will react during the purchase or sale of a home. Without having the home appraisal on hand you will not know the Home Value. A buyer could use a home appraisal as a tool in making an offer. Since the home appraisal is typically done by a professional appraiser the buyer can feel comfortable that they have the correct Home Value.
The Home appraisal is your tool to determine OH home value. Homeowners and sellers alike need these evaluations so that the proper Home Value may be awarded to the property in question. Often the sellers will figure out the asking price for their home by use of the AUGLAIZE, Ohio home appraisal. This helps them set the correct home value. Order your home appraisal today within seconds. Find your home value now.
The value of any home or parcel can only be truly assessed by the home appraisal procedure. For most of us, the AUGLAIZE, Ohio home appraisal is the singular most important task when trying to figure out the home value. Since this is the case, ordering a home appraisal when buying or selling a home is paramount to determine home value. Every seller should order a home appraisal prior to placing their OH home on the market to set the home value. Order your ElectronicAppraiser.com home appraisal now!
The best thing to keep in mind in regards to the AUGLAIZE, Ohio real estate appraisal is that no matter how hard you try, you can't beat the facts. You need to know the home value. You need a full appraisal or an instant home valuation. Get your AUGLAIZE, Ohio home value now. Order your AUGLAIZE, Ohio real estate appraisal from ElectronicAppraiser now!
The OH MLS service is an Association of real estate Brokers agents and professionals who agree to share the AUGLAIZE, Ohio listings with each other. This method allows a listing broker (the agent who is offer the home for sale) and a selling broker (the agent who brings the buyer) the ability to select from all the homes offered by any OH MLS member.
Order an instant AUGLAIZE, Ohio house value report today. Just enter an address to begin. House values are an ever changing feature of the real estate market. The reasons for these changes are as mottled as the changing of the seasons. A lot of these changes occur because of constant evaluations that occur over time due the buying and selling of OH homes. House values are basically the pulse of any given market and they are part of essential processes that are used to determine the worth of a home, such as an appraisal.
Copyright © 2002 2016 • ElectronicAppraiser.com


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After Party At Sage For Last Bike Night At Westgate
June 30, 2016, 8:00pm
Hello Friend's...❤❤
Our thirsty thursday bike night doesn't end, but it's a last bike night at Westgate for the summer... Let's make a big one... We are meeting at Sage between 5.30 - 6pm and going together have some fun to Westgate... We are coming back for after bike night party... We will have a live band and lots of drinks specials... Don't miss itwill ve fun... See MoreSee Less
3rd Year Anniversary Of Lucie's Sage And Sand Bar
July 2, 2016, 8:00pm - July 3, 2016, 4:00am
Lucie's Sage and Sand bar13831 W Glendale AveGlendale, AZ 85307 Map
Yes my friends... We survived 3 years and going stronger every day with our awesome Sage team...
Come celebrate with us ... Complimentary bbq start at 8pm , lot of drinks special, promos girls ,DJ Deejay Waters inside, live band Lit up outside
Come on down and celebrate
Wet t -shirt contest at 11pm...100$ cash prize for the winner,20$ gift certificate to Sage for 2&3 place... See MoreSee Less
UFC Always Free
July 9, 2016, 7:00pm - July 10, 2016, 12:00am
View on Facebook
Lucie's Sage and Sand bar added 30 new photos.Amazing turn out for great cause...❤Thank you so much all friends for coming and show your support to our beautiful Whitney...Benefit was very successful and all the proceeds will go to Mike Haddad wife Whitney...Thank you for generous donation to all of you who purchased beer and food...Thank you Tailgaters bar for donating the delishes food...❤Thank you to Fireball for great raffle items❤Thank you to Koni & Joel Raes for donating water slide❤And all of you who come and show your love and support on this hot day❤❤❤ ... See MoreSee Less
5 hours ago
Lucie's Sage and Sand bar updated their cover photo. ... See MoreSee Less
21 hours ago
Lucie's Sage and Sand bar added 5 new photos.Friday Fun day... Come on down friends🎉🎉🎉 ... See MoreSee Less
© 2016 Sage & Sand Bar. Website Design by adfixmedia.com


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Hot Stove roundup: Joba Chamberlain reportedly has 1-year deal with Tigers
|12.13.13 at 9:07 am ET
Reliever Joba Chamberlain agreed to a one-year deal with the Tigers worth $2.5 million, according to multiple reports, as he tries to resurrect his once-promising career by leaving the Yankees.
Chamberlain went 2-1 with a career-worst 4.93 ERA in 45 games for New York last season. The 28-year-old missed most of May with a strained right oblique.
In seven season with the Yankees, Chamberlain has a 23-14 record with a 3.85 ERA in 260 appearances.
'¢ Right-hander Roberto Hernandez reportedly agreed to a one-year deal with the Phillies. Hernandez, formerly known as Fausto Carmona, went 6-13 with a 4.89 ERA for the Rays last season. The 33-year-old previously spent seven seasons with the Indians.
The Phillies, coming off their first losing season in 11 years, were rumored to be shopping starters Cliff Lee and Cole Hamels, but general manager Ruben Amaro Jr. and manager Ryne Sandberg denied those reports.
'¢ The Giants have a one-year deal worth $6 million with Michael Morse, who is expected to start in left field. Morse, 31, hit .215 with 13 home runs and 27 RBIs in 88 games for the Mariners and Orioles last season. He missed time due to a broken right pinkie and strained right quadriceps.
'¢ The Rangers selected Russell Wilson, who plays quarterback for the Seahawks, from the Rockies in the Triple-A portion of the Rule 5 draft Thursday. Wilson played two seasons of minor league baseball before focusing on football.
"At the end of the day, he obviously has a lot bigger things that he's working on right now," Rangers assistant general manager A.J. Preller said, "and we don't want to interrupt with that aspect of it. But if at some point down the road he decides he wants to do baseball again, we felt like it would be a positive to have him with us."
Said Wilson: "It's a pretty cool thing. It's my third time being drafted in baseball so it's a blessing for sure. At the same time my focus is on football. Mr. [general manager Jon] Daniels and I talked about that, obviously. He knew that. … My focus is on football and what we're doing here."
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SNIA's Green IT Program Joins Crowded Field
The Storage Networking Industry Association has formed its own green IT program, eWeek reports.
The scope of work for the SNIA Green Storage Initiative will span all shared-storage technologies, including disk and tape systems, server connectivity, storage appliances, fabrics and other storage network infrastructure, file services and storage applications.
The GSI joins such other recently instituted organizations as the Green Grid, the Green Data Project and Lean & Green Group. The Environmental Protection Agency also has a green IT branch, the Energy Star server initiative.
Charter members include 3PAR, Brocade, COPAN Systems, Dell, EMC, EqualLogic, Emulex, Hitachi Data Systems, Hewlett-Packard, Intransa, IBM, LSI Logic, Microsoft, Network Appliance, QLogic, Seagate, Sun Microsystems, Xiotech and Xyratex.
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Energy Manager News
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An exciting experience opens this week at the Sea Life Aquarium at the Grapevine Mills Mall. It's the Octopus' Garden, and you can walk amongst them starting Wednesday at 1PM. If you've ever wanted to under the sea in an octopus' garden in the shade, this is your chance!
Head out on Wednesday to the Sea Life Aquarium to see octopus, cuttlefish, and nautilus on display. You and your kids can learn about how cephalopods camouflage themselves, escape with ink clouds, and move around with jet propulsion.
From 10AM Wednesday, annual pass holders will get a special preview of the Octopus' Garden before the exhibit opens to the general public. Tickets are $20.56 for adults and $16.24 for kids ages 3-12, but you can buy them online for $15.43 and $12.18.
For tickets and more information, go to visitsealife.com/grapevine.
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Plenty has happened between when we drove the 2012 Kia Rio 5-door hatchback last October and now.
Read This Article
Our roundup of the week's top news stories.
South Korea is a fascinating country with many cars we wish would come here.
What goes into making a car suitable for various markets?


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Oleander, Adriatic Coast - Karst
- Free buffet breakfast, free WiFi in lobby, and free parking
Main amenities
- 26 guestrooms
- Restaurant and bar/lounge
- Air conditioning
- Computer station
- Meeting room
- Tour/ticket assistance
What's around
- Portoroz Beach (1.4 mi / 2.3 km)
- Tartinijev Trg (2.4 mi / 3.9 km)
- Piran Harbour (2.5 mi / 4 km)
- Izola Marina (2.7 mi / 4.4 km)
- Lighthouse Park (3.8 mi / 6.1 km)
Oleander, Adriatic Coast - Karst
Hotel Info: 866-539-8117from $103
- Family Room, Balcony, Sea View
- Family Room, Sea View
- Double Room, Balcony, Sea View
Also popular with travelers from the USA
At a glance
Key facts
Hotel size
- This hotel has 26 rooms
- This hotel is arranged over 3 floors
- Check-in time 1 PM-10:00 PM
- Check-out time is 10:00 AM
Required at check in
- Credit card or cash deposit required
- Government-issued photo ID required
Travelling with others
- Pets allowed
- Free WiFi in public areas
- Free self parking
Nearby Three Star Adriatic Coast - Karst hotels
In the hotel
- Free buffet breakfast daily
- Restaurant
- Bar/lounge
- One meeting room
- Computer station
- Tours/ticket assistance
- Number of buildings/towers - 1
In the room
- Air conditioning
- Balcony
- Shower only
- Hair dryer
- Satellite TV channels
- Phone
Top Adriatic Coast - Karst hotels
Recently reviewed hotels in Adriatic Coast - Karst
- Grand Hotel Duchi d'AostaFrom
"We enjoyed our stay at this grand hotel. While it is quite old, the rooms are very modern and up to date. The staff was most courteous and helpful. The breakfast each morning at…"Jun 12, 2016
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"This place is a hidden gem in a non-descript building. The rooms were absolutely beautiful and very chic and the bed/bedding was extremely comfortable. There are plenty of…"May 31, 2016
- Hotel Riviera & MaximiliansFrom
"Everything about the hotel is high quality - the staff, the breakfast and dinners, the beds and sheets, the gorgeous view overlooking the Adriatic. It is a 10-minute drive to…"May 31, 2016
- NH TriesteFrom
"One night stay on a business trip, came in on the train, easy walk to the hotel. Left the next morning on a bus to Rijeka, bus station right next to the train station. this…"May 23, 2016
Oleander, Adriatic Coast - Karst's small print
Also known as
- Oleander Hotel
- Oleander Hotel Strunjan
- Oleander Strunjan
Mandatory fees
You'll be asked to pay the following charges at check in or check out:
- A tax is imposed by the city: EUR 1.27 per person, per night for adults; EUR 0.64 per night for guests aged 7-18 years old. This tax does not apply to children under 7 years of age.
We have included all charges provided to us by this hotel. However, charges can vary, for example, based on length of stay or the room you book.
Is the description of this hotel not correct? Tell us


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Dorohedoro (GN 5)
Title: Dorohedoro
Volume: GN 5
Pages: 200
Distributor: Viz Media
Release date: 2011-12-20
Suggested retail price: $12.99
Age rating: 17+
Convinced that Risu is the key to his past (and his head), Caiman heads to the Sorcerers' dimension on his own. While he's tracking down Risu, he finds the Sorcerers getting ready for "Blue Night," a festival where Sorcerers find their partners. Meanwhile, Risu is looking for his old partner Aikawa to see what he might know about the people who killed him.
Shin and Noi are both being hunted by Sorcerers who've long coveted them as partners. En is relentlessly hunting a Sorcerer who can manipulate time. And Fujita's looking for... well, any partner who will have him.
Story and art by Q Hayashida.
(added on 2011-10-28, modified on 2011-10-28)
- Encyclopedia information about Dorohedoro (manga)
The Summer 2016 Anime Preview Guide
Available Now: Berserk - ReLIFE - Momokuri ― Welcome to Anime News Network's Summer 2016 Preview Guide! Here's how it goes: our team of critics write up their impressions instantly and they get posted as they go along. Each critic will cover as many shows as they can handle, resulti...


text: AdChoices Terms of Use Privacy Policy Hide CARS Car Galleries BMW i8 Concept Spyder BMW i8 Spyder The Supercar Concept We Can't Wait To See Become A Reality 2/13 BMW i8 Concept Spyder Rob Lewis April 4, 2012 Share Tweet 0 Shares Just because it's environmentally aware doesn't mean it's slow. The gas-electric fusion under the hood and hardwired into the chassis will sling the i8 Spyder from 0-62 mph in a swift five seconds via 354 hp. Next Slide Comments Share your opinion Your name More Like This Car Reviews Did Range Rover Really Just Make The First All-Weather Convertible? Read More Car Tips Don't Get Stuck With A Dead Car - Learn How To Jumpstart Any Vehicle Read More Car Tips How To Attend A Grand Prix Race For The First Time Without Looking Like An Idiot Read More Car Reviews Mercedes' Iconic SL63 Roadster Got An Update - And We Got A Test Drive Read More Car Reviews Looking To Buy Your First Motorcycle? Follow These 6 Rules Read More Car Reviews Infiniti Turns Up the Heat With 400-Horsepower Q50 "Red Sport" Read More Around the Web Special Features Dating Tips A Guide To Hooking-Up Online Read More AskMen Deal Alerts Get Daily Deals You Actually Want Read More


text:
Just create a new account—we'll guide you to the flip side.
Hi there! Thanks for visiting PokéCommunity. We're a group of Pokémon fans dedicated to providing the best place on the Internet for discussing ideas and sharing fan-made content. Welcome! We're glad you're here.
In order to join our community we need you to create an account with us. Doing so will allow you to make posts, submit and view fan art and fan fiction, download fan-made games, and much more. It's quick and easy; just click here and follow the instructions.
here goes nothing eh? i remembered my password :D okay so well anyway, PM me when you get thisss,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,omgg it took me forever to findd you..you...NAME CHANGER ughhh iPro i should've known when i saw Pro but nope itman es stupid or my new name is stupid or whatever i forget what i am anymore gahhhhh
Yeah, it is. Haha, thanks He ****ing deserved it.
That's okay. Hey, when you have a chance check out my new picture album here on PC.
****, that's so uncool, but you are the man! Not only did you beat him up, but you did it with a broken thumb!
OMG You are the ultimate badass my friend
Can't type much sorry, gotta do hw
Well, I ran into somebody, and it like snapped, but I think it was just fractured then, and then I told this guy it was broke and he didn't believe me so he grabbed it and twisted it all the way around and freaking snapped it badly. I punched him so hard he got knocked out tho. Afterwards I beat him to bleeding, so yeah. I got three pins put in it.
how did you break your thumb?
Ah I see. I broke my thumb yesterday and I'm going to have surgery today. So laters =(
Me too, I'm uber busy also =/
I have a new girlfriend also She's amazing, I've been spending a lot of my time with her...but yea occasionally I've been sneaking on here.
Yeah that's Metro Station. I actually like them =O Especially "Shake It" =D No updates, I've been uber busy lately.
I'm here Just been going on littler and littler as time goes by, and I've had absolutely NO time to hack
Metro Station...blah, I'm pretty sure that's the band that has Miley Cyrus's brother in it =/
They have like this one song that my mom keeps singing, it's driving me nuts!
Lmao anyway, nah I haven't listened to them at all besides that one song...
How's Onyx?
I wanna see all updates is there a thread at PPH yet? (I can't find it if their is >.<)
Dunnanunnanunnanunnanunna Where you been seksay? I miss joo =O
Hey meh buddah! What's up? How ya doing? Just dropping bye to say hi. Oh, have you heard Metro Station before?
Ugh stupid photobucket! its not letting me on!
Ugh stupid photobucket, its not letting me sign in i'll keep trying and send it to you when its done


text:
Is it possible to be a successful entrepreneur and still maintain your sanity and health?
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Better Than Medicine: 5 Foods to Strengthen Your Inner Man
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Comment of the Day: 'You don't need a woman to be a father'
Single men who want to be fathers can provide a loving home on their own.
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If sugar is bad and artificial sweeteners are worse, then what are my options?
To All The Good Men Out There
Matthew Williams questions what it means to be a
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Mental health advocate Jasmin Pierre speaks out on how depression affects men.
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Do men want to look better for themselves or because the media tells them they should?
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Dear Men of Canada—We need your help.
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It's pretty simple really, and it's not about sex.
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When bad things are happening around us, we can teach our children how to focus on what is good.
The Cyclic Effect
Does thinking happier thoughts make you live longer? Check out the interesting science here.
Comment of the Day: 'I need to look at how I talk to my husband'
It is easy to pass our frustrations and fears onto others and takes work to break that way of thinking.


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Short Cuts
Author and Publisher - Catholic Online
martyred with Victurus in the West and North of Africa, 7 June
When she was 56, Angela Merici said "No" to the Pope. She was aware that Clement VII was offering her a great honor and a great opportunity to serve when he asked her to take charge of a ... continue reading
St. Ignatius was born in the family castle in Guipúzcoa, Spain, the youngest of 13 children, and was called Ińigo. When he was old enough, he became a page, and then a soldier of Spain to ... continue reading
Saint Katharine Drexel, Religious (Feast Day-March 3) Born in 1858, into a prominent Philadelphia family, Katharine became imbued with love for God and neighbor. She took an avid interest ... continue reading | shop
St. Cyril of Alexandria, Bishop and Doctor of the Church (June 27) Cyril was born at Alexandria, Egypt. He was nephew of the patriarch of that city, Theophilus. Cyril received a classical and ... continue readingMore Saint of the Day
Saint Veronica is known as the woman who offered a cloth to Jesus so He could wipe His face on the way to His crucifixion. The cloth is believed to exist today in the Vatican and is considered one of the most treasured relics of the Church. Saint Veronica is not ... continue readingMore Female Saints
Saint Michael the Archangel isn't a saint, but rather he is an angel, and the leader of all angels and of the army of God. This is what the title "Archangel" means, that he is above all the others in rank. St. Michael has four main responsibilities or offices, as we ... continue reading
Lazarus is the poor man at the gate of the rich man in Christ's parable related in Luke. (Luke 16:19-31) His name was perpetuated in the Middle Ages by such words as Lazaretto (hospital), Lazarone (a beggar in the street), and the Order of St. Lazarus, which though a ... continue reading
Teresa was the eldest daughter of King Sancho I of Portugal and sister of SS. Mafalda and Sanchia. She married her cousin, King Alfonso IX of Leon. The couple had several children, but when the marriage was declared invalid because of consanguinity, she returned to ... continue reading
By Marshall Connolly (CALIFORNIA NETWORK)
On September 4, 2016, Pope Francis will canonize Mother Teresa as a saint of the Roman Catholic Church. Her canonization is an important event for Catholics and all people around the world. Here's 3 reasons why. LOS ANGELES, CA (Catholic Online) - When Mother Teresa is ... continue readingMore Christian Saints & Heroes


text:
Just create a new account—we'll guide you to the flip side.
Hi there! Thanks for visiting PokéCommunity. We're a group of Pokémon fans dedicated to providing the best place on the Internet for discussing ideas and sharing fan-made content. Welcome! We're glad you're here.
In order to join our community we need you to create an account with us. Doing so will allow you to make posts, submit and view fan art and fan fiction, download fan-made games, and much more. It's quick and easy; just click here and follow the instructions.
sure thing and thx
I supposeusing my Avatar for your Sprite's Base is alright. Just b sure to credit me for the base. Ok?
might have a better head..............
i did this to ur profile pic im putting on a new head can i use it?
please its for my hack.............
(colosseum advance)
oh ok thx anyway
you should open a shop
Sorry dude, but that's more of a fusion request. Besides, I have no free time right now. But I'm sure one of the fusionists around here can help you.
a luxray/eevee splice
one with eevee's main colors
and one with luxrays main colors
think u could do that?
I don't really do requests, dearie. But what were you looking for?
hiya i deleted ur sprites from my album
could u possibly make me 2 splices?
every tiome i try to delete your sprites it says invalid link :0
ive sent u a freind request
Did you delete my sprites from your album yet?
cool and thx
could u posibbly check out my hack?
I know that website. Its brazillian.
And they were not claiming my sprites, they were featuring them as a good example of new Eeveelution ideas.
What you see is obviously made by someone else, so you should know better than to take sprites, regardles of the website they are featured on.
I bear no grudges, but I take great offense to the misuse of my sprites. Just make sure in the future you don't repeat you mistakes.
its one of the first 8 pages on eeveons profile
theres a link to a different website where i found your sprites i swear i didnt know they were yours!
can u forgive me
A Dutsch Link? What Link?


text:
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Elegantly dynamic, the new C-Class Coupé arrives in South Africa in breath-taking 360° virtual reality, gliding through Cape Town.
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Limited Edition Subaru WRX Club Spec 11 announced in Australia
The new Subaru WRX Club Spec 11 follows in the tradition of the earlier Club Spec models with luxury upgrades inside, sporty upgrades outside and a flashy, unique paint option. Production is limited to just 300 units and all new Club Spec 11 models will be based on the WRX sedan fitted with a 5-speed manual transmission only. This drivetrain is good for 262 horsepower (195kW) @ 6,000rpm and 253lb-ft of torque (343NM) at 4,000rpm – enough to propel this sporty sedan from a stop to 62 miles per hour in just 5.3 seconds. Of course, the WRX Club Spec 11 comes with a sport tuned suspension and Subaru's advanced all wheel drive system with a viscous limited slip differential.
The upgrades to the new Australia-only Subaru WRX Club Spec 11 package begin on the outside with black 17" lightweight wheels, a black rear spoiler (borrowed from the STI), black side mirrors, a unique Club Spec 11 exterior badge, unique WRX badging and the flashy Tangerine exterior paint choice shown on the right. The new WRX Club Spec 11 is also available in black. Inside, the Club Sport 11 sports a leather trim package that includes special Tangerine stitching on the seats for those vehicles with that exterior color while the black models feature red stitching along with a unique serialized Club Spec badge.
"WRX continues to have tremendous appeal in its widebody form and combined with the retained value traditionally achieved by these limited editions, there's likely to be a lot of interest in these cars, which can be differentiated even further from standard WRX with the addition of the STI kit, " said Nick Senior, Managing Director of Subaru Australia.


text:
|Publication number
|Publication type
|Application number
|PCT number
|Publication date
|Mar 16, 1999
|Filing date
|Oct 4, 1995
|Priority date
|Oct 5, 1994
|Fee status
|Also published as
|Publication number
|Philippe Denis, Dominique Nobel, Robert Perron, Joel Andre Schwartz
|Original Assignee
|Acetex Chimie
|Export Citation
|BiBTeX, EndNote, RefMan
|Patent Citations (5), Referenced by (14), Classifications (20), Legal Events (5)
|External Links: USPTO, USPTO Assignment, Espacenet
The present invention relates to a method for preparing carboxylic acids having (n+1) carbon atoms, or the related esters, by liquid phase carbonylation of an alcohol having (n) carbon atoms, in the presence of a homogeneous catalyst including iridium.
More particularly, the method according to the invention enables obtaining a high productivity of carboxylic acid formed with an improved selectivity in this product.
During carboxylic acid preparation by reaction of carbon monoxide with at least one alcohol, two catalytic cycles are used, the first is constituted by the carbonylation reaction as such, and the second by a secondary reaction, commonly called water gas reaction. During this reaction, gaseous by-products are formed such as notably carbon dioxide.
Thus, the object to be achieved is obviously to favour the first reaction over the second.
The carbonylation of an alcohol, or any other carbonylatable compound, in the presence of an iridium-based catalytic system giving the corresponding carboxylic acid or ester is known to the person skilled in the art. However, such methods are not very efficient since the rates of carbonylation that are reported are in the order of 2 to 4 mol/hour.liter of acid formed.
In the French patent application No. 93 03734, a method of carbonylating methanol is described which uses a catalytic system which comprises iridium. This method is characterised by the maintenance of a specific composition of the reaction mixture. In the case of obtaining acetic acid from methanol, the composition comprises up to 10% water, alcohol and methyl iodide; up to 40% methyl acetate; the rest being constituted by acetic acid which is used as reaction solvent. The tests described have been carried out with relatively low partial carbon monoxide pressures, in the order of 10 to 20 bar. The performances of this method are appreciably improved over those of prior methods, and the technical interest of the latter is not questioned. However, the selectivity in by-products such as carbon dioxide remains high, since it ranges between 1 and 2%.
Furthermore, a carbonylation method is described in the French patent application No. 94 05896 which uses a catalytic system comprising iridium and iodides which are soluble in the reaction medium under the reaction conditions, and which are notably selected from alkali metal iodides. The performances, in terms of rate of carbonylation are there further improved over the prior methods, but the problem of the selectivity in carbon dioxide always exists. In fact, the selectivities in this by-product range between 1 and 3%.
Such values are not negligible in this sense that they correspond to relatively significant losses of carbon monoxide; losses which are felt in two ways. First of all, and obviously, the carbon monoxide employed is consumed for something other than the formation of the acid or the ester. Further, an additional loss is noted in carbon monoxide, due to the necessity of increasing the number of purges and consequently increasing the losses in carbon monoxide brought about during the evacuation of the gases. In fact, the appearance of gaseous by-products contributes to the lowering of the partial carbon monoxide pressure in the gaseous blanket of the reactor, resulting in the necessity of increasing the number of purges in order to maintain said partial pressure constant.
Therefore, an object of the present application is to alleviate this type of disadvantage, at least in keeping, even improving the rate of carbonylation of the reaction.
It has been found in a totally surprising way that such objects could be attained by carrying out the carbonylation reaction in the presence of a high content of ester and methyl iodide, in combination with a significant partial carbon monoxide pressure.
Thus, the method according to the invention consists in reacting carbon monoxide with at least one alcohol, in the liquid phase and in the presence of a catalytic system based on at least one iridium compound and at least one halogenated promoter; a method in which, during the reaction, the ester corresponding to the aforementioned acid and alcohol is kept in the reaction medium at a content between 15 and 35%, the halogenated promoter at a content between 10% and 20%, and a partial carbon monoxide pressure is between 40 and 200 bar.
Other goals and advantages of the present invention will however appear more clearly upon reading the description which will follow.
In the following, and unless otherwise indicated, the percentages indicated are expressed by weight compared to the total weight of the reaction mixture.
Such as has been said previously, the carbonylation reaction of the invention is carried out in the presence of a catalytic system based on at least one iridium compound and at least one halogenated promoter.
The reaction being carried out in the liquid phase, the catalytic system is in the form of compounds which are soluble in the reaction mixture.
All the iridium compounds may be used which are soluble or capable of being dissolved in the reaction medium under the operating conditions of the invention. As an example and without the intention of limiting, metallic iridium, simple salts, oxides or even co-ordination complexes of this metal can be convenient for implementing the invention. For more details, the U.S. Pat. No. 3,772,380 may be referred to in which a list indicative of such compounds is given.
More particularly, simple salts of iridium are used, such as iridium halides, the halogen being selected from chlorine, bromine or preferably iodine.
The iridium oxides, as for the soluble iridium co-ordination complexes, are convenient for implementing the invention. In this latter category, the most commonly used compounds are those which have ligands selected from carbon monoxide or a carbon monoxide/halogen combination, the halogen being selected from chlorine, bromine or more particularly iodine. It is not however excluded to use soluble iridium complexes whose ligands are selected from organophosphorus or organonitrogen compounds for example.
These catalysts may be obtained by any method known to the person skilled in the art.
However, according to a particularly advantageous method, a catalytic solution may be prepared from a carbonyl complex of iridium, such as Ir4 CO12, by placing said compound in contact with hydroiodic acid and/or a precursor of such an acid, in the presence of a solvent.
Iodine, C1 -C10 alkyl iodides, C1 -C10 alkoyl iodides, or even alkali metal iodides may be mentioned as examples of a precursor which is capable of releasing hydroiodic acid.
As for the solvents, all the compounds may be used insofar as they solubilize hydroiodic acid or its precursor and the iridium-based compound obtained. More particularly, solvents selected from carboxylic acids or the corresponding esters are used which are obtained by the method according to the invention, water can be used; these compounds being used alone or in a mixture.
The placing in contact takes place under a total pressure of between 1 and 10 bar, at a temperature at the most equal to the boiling point of the above-mentioned solvent, under the conditions of the placing in conditions of the placing in contact.
The operation may be carried out under air, under an inert gas or even under carbon monoxide.
Another example of an advantageous method for preparing a catalytic solution which is convenient for the implementation of the invention consists in placing one or more hydrated or non-hydrated iridium oxides in contact with hydroiodic acid or a compound capable of releasing hydroiodic acid, in the liquid phase. The hydroiodic acid may be employed as a gas, a solution, and more particularly an aqueous solution. It may even be used in the form of a precursor, such as those mentioned in the preceding variant.
More particularly, the amount of hydroiodic acid used is such that the ratio of the number of moles of hydroiodic acid to the number of moles of iridium is between 1 and 100.
This variant of preparation of a catalytic solution may be used under air, under an inert gas, under carbon monoxide, these gases being alone or in combination.
The total iridium concentration in the mixture used in the method according to the invention is between 0.1 and 100 mmol/l.
According to a particular embodiment, the iridium concentration is from 0.5 to 40 mmol/l and preferably between 1 and 25 mmol/l.
The second constituent of the catalytic system is a halogenated promoter. This may be in the form of a halogen alone or in combination with other elements, such as for example hydrogen, a C1 -C10 alkyl radical, a C1 -C10 acyl radical, or a C6 -C10 aryl radical.
The halogen is generally selected from chlorine, bromine or iodine, the latter being preferred.
According to a particular embodiment of the invention, the halogenated promoter used comprises, besides the halogen, hydrogen or a C1 -C10 alkyl radical. More particularly, the promoter used in the invention comprises the halogen and a C1 -C10 alkyl radical.
Preferably, the reaction according to the invention is carried out in the presence of a halogenated promoter whose radical corresponds to that of the alcohol used as reagent.
The halogenated promoter content in the medium is between 10 and 20%.
According to a particular embodiment, the halogenated promoter content varies between 10 (excluded) and 20%.
A variant of the invention consists in keeping the halogenated promoter content in the reaction medium between 10 (excluded) and 15%.
The method according to the invention is furthermore carried out in the presence of carbon monoxide. This may be used pure or diluted in gases such as hydrogen, methane, carbon dioxide, or any other type of gas such as for example nitrogen.
According to a particular embodiment of the invention, carbon monoxide having a purity of at least 99% is used.
The method according to the invention is carried out in keeping a partial carbon monoxide pressure between 40 and 200 bar during the reaction.
According to a first variant, the partial pressure is between 40 and 70 bar. More particularly, the partial carbon monoxide pressure is between 50 and 70 bar.
According to a second variant, the partial carbon monoxide pressure is between 70 bar (excluded) and 200 bars. Without being limited to such an alternative, the use of such partial pressures makes it possible to carry out the reaction at lower temperatures than those in methods carried out at lower pressures. This represents notably an advantage as far as the corrosivity of the reaction medium is concerned.
The method according to the invention is carried out in the presence of esters which correspond to the reaction of the alcohol used in the reaction with the carboxylic acid present in the reaction medium.
According to a characteristic of the method of the invention, the ester content in said medium is between 15 and 35%.
A particular embodiment consists in carrying the reaction out in keeping an amount of ester between 15 and 25%.
According to a particular embodiment, the ester content is between 18 and 23%. It is to be noted that this variant is particularly convenient when the carbonylation reaction is carried out under low partial carbon monoxide pressures, i.e. between 40 and 70 bar.
The carbonylation reaction according to the invention is further carried out in the presence of water. The water content in the medium is between 0 (excluded) and 15%.
More particularly, the water content in the medium is between 0 (excluded) and 10%.
Such as has been indicated before, at least one alcohol having one carbon atom less than the carboxylic acid produced, or the corresponding ester is used as reagent.
Amongst the reagents which are convenient for carrying out the reaction, saturated alcohols having one to six carbon atoms may be cited. These alcohols may be mono- or di-hydroxylated. As an example of such compounds, methanol, ethanol, propanol, butanol and 1,4-butanediol may notably be cited.
According to a preferred embodiment, the alcohols used are selected from monohydroxylated compounds.
It is important to note that the alcohol used as reagent may be present in the reaction medium as such or in a masked form. In fact, said alcohol may be found equally in the form of a halogenated derivative and/or an ether and/or an ester.
The reagent content in the reaction medium can thus be between large limits, this being due to the various species under which the reagent may be.
Consequently, the content of alcohol, as such, in the reaction medium may be between 0 and 10%. Preferably, the medium has an alcohol content of between 0.1 and 5%.
According to a first embodiment of the invention, the reaction is carried out in the presence of ionic compounds which are soluble in the reaction medium and of which one of the ions is iodine (from now on these compounds shall be referred to as iodides). The iodides may be introduced as such into the reaction medium but also may be introduced in the form of compounds which are capable of forming soluble iodides.
Thus, the iodides introduced as such into said mixture are selected from inorganic or organic iodides.
As inorganic iodides, the alkaline-earth or alkali metal iodides may be cited, the latter being preferred. For example, potassium iodide, lithium iodide, sodium iodide are convenient for the implementation of the invention.
As organic iodides, the organic compounds having at least one organophosphorus and/or at least one organonitrogen group may be cited which reacts with iodine-based compounds giving ionic species which contain this halogen. As an example, triphenylphosphonium iodide and N-methyltriethylammonium iodide may be mentioned.
Amongst the compounds which are capable of forming iodides which are soluble in the reaction medium, the alkali metal or alkaline-earth metal carboxylates are notably convenient, such as especially lithium acetate.
More particularly, the reaction is carried out in the presence of an amount of iodides which depends upon the amount of iridium present in the medium. Thus, this amount of iodides introduced is such that the iodine (originating from the iodides)/iridium atomic ratio (expressed in mole/mole), is kept at a value at the most equal to 10.
Preferably, the atomic ratio is at the most equal to 3.
According to a second implementation of the invention, the method is carried out in the absence of soluble iodides such as defined above.
Finally, the method according to the invention is carried out in a solvent which, preferably, corresponds to the carboxylic acid formed by the reaction.
Such as has been indicated before, the present invention consists in keeping the halogenated promoter, the above-mentioned ester, a partial carbon monoxide pressure, optionally the iodides, water and the carboxylic acid, in the reaction mixture in proportions which have just been clarified.
Consequently, the present invention is more particularly intended to be used continuously and the stable functioning conditions of the method correspond to the composition and the proportions indicated.
During the starting up of the reaction, the various components are introduced in an appropriate reactor equipped with a means of stirring which is sufficient for ensuring the gas-liquid transfer. It is to be noted that if the reactor preferably comprises a means of mechanical stirring, operating without such means is not excluded; the homogenization of the mixture can be carried out by the introduction of the carbon monoxide into the reactor.
The components of the reaction medium are introduced without preferential order, and are introduced as they are and/or as one or more precursors.
A first variant of the invention consists in introducing the halogenated precursor described above, as it is, into the reaction mixture.
A second variant of implementation consists in introducing said promoter in the form of at least one precursor.
In this particular case, this precursor is generally in the form of a compound which is capable of releasing the radical of the above-mentioned halogenated promoter into the reaction medium by reaction of said precursor with a halogen, the corresponding hydroacid, or an iodide, present in the medium or even introduced to this end.
As a non-limiting example of suitable precursors, compounds selected from alcohols of formula (1) ROH; ethers of formula (2) ROR' or even esters of formulae (3) R'COOR, used alone or in a mixture, may be cited. In these formulae, R and R' radicals, identical or different, each represent a C1 -C10 alkyl radical, a C1 -C10 acyl radical, a C6 -C10 aryl radical; with the R radical corresponding to the radical of the halogenated promoter.
Thus, methanol, ethanol, propanol, butanol, dimethyl ether, diethyl ether, ethylene oxide, methyl acetate, are especially suitable precursors of the halogenated promoter.
The carbonylation is usually carried out at a temperature between 150� and 250� C. According to a variant, the reaction temperature is between 150� and 210� C.
The total pressure in the reactor is between 50 and 250 bar.
It is to be noted that the method according to the invention may be conveniently used in installations which make use of conventional methods.
These methods are thus usually constituted of three zones. The first corresponds to the reaction zone which comprises a reactor under pressure. The second is that of separation of the acid formed, or of the corresponding ester, by partial vaporisation of the reaction mixture. The vaporised part is then sent into the third zone, which is that of purification of the carboxylic acid or the corresponding ester. The part of the mixture which has remained in the liquid form in the partial vaporisation zone, which comprises notably the catalyst, is recycled to the reactor.
According to a particular embodiment of the method according to the invention, the reaction mixture is regularly purged of the corrosive metals that it contains, of which are notably iron, molybdenum, chromium, and nickel. This operation is carried out according to any means which is known to the person skilled in the art, such as for example the treatment of the reaction mixture by an ion exchange resin or even by precipitation of the catalyst and separation of the latter, corrosive metals, by filtration.
The method according to the invention is convenient for the manufacture of any type of carboxylic acid which has a minimum of two carbon atoms, or of the corresponding ester. Thus, this may be used for preparing propionic acid from ethanol, succinic acid from ethylene oxide, adipic acid from 1,4-batanediol, or the esters corresponding to these acids.
However, this method is most particularly convenient for obtaining acetic acid and/or methyl acetate from methanol.
According to a preferred embodiment of the invention, the method is carried out with methyl iodide, methyl acetate, optionally above-mentioned iodides, water and acetic acid as solvent, besides methanol and carbon monoxide.
Examples of the invention, which are concrete and not limiting, are now going to be given.
The following tests were carried out continuously in a 300 cm3 autoclave equipped with a means of mechanical stirring and a means of introducing the reagents.
The catalytic solution was obtained in the following way:
10 g of Ir4 (CO)12, 50 g of hydroiodic acid in a 57% solution in water, and 290 g of acetic acid are introduced into a glass flask.
The mixture is then heated under reflux with stirring and under air for 4 hours.
The introductions of methanol, methyl iodide and water are regulated in such a way that the content of the various components, as well as the partial carbon monoxide pressure and the total pressure are maintained as indicated in the following Table.
It is to be noted that the water content remains between 6 and 8% and that the methanol content is between 0.1 and 2%. Furthermore, the rest making up 100% is constituted of acetic acid which is employed as a solvent of the reaction.
The staying time in the reactor is about 10 minutes.
The temperature is kept at 190� C.
Upon leaving the autoclave, the reaction mixture is degassed and cooled.
The mixture and the gases are analysed by gas phase chromatography.
______________________________________ CH3 ICH3 CO2 CH3 (% PCO /Ptot Ir Vcarb SelectivityTEST (% weight) weight) (bars) (ppm) (mol/h.l) CO2 (%)______________________________________A 10 4 18/30 680 6.2 2.2com-para-tiveB 11 11 40/52 800 8.4 1.4com-para-tiveC 18 3.6 18/30 640 8.6 1.4com-para-tiveD 23 11 40/52 700 16 0.6______________________________________
Vcarb represents the rate of carbonylation. It is obtained by measuring the flow of CO consumption in further taking into account the amount of this gas used up in the formation of CO2.
The rate of CO2 formation is checked by measuring the flow of formation of the CO2. This value enables calculating the selectivity in CO2 which corresponds to the ratio of the speed of formation of the CO2 and the rate of carbonylation.
This Table indicates that improved performances are not obtained in terms of rate of carbonylation and selectivity when one or more of the reaction parameters is found outside the characteristics of the invention.
|Cited Patent
|Filing date
|Publication date
|Sep 30, 1982
|Nov 13, 1984
|The Halcon Sd Group, Inc.
|Preparation of carboxylic acids
|Sep 28, 1983
|Jul 21, 1987
|The British Petroleum Company P.L.C.
|Process for the production of carboxylic acid esters and/or carboxylic acids
|Jan 7, 1991
|Sep 1, 1992
|Hoechst Celanese Corporation
|Methanol carbonylation process
|Oct 26, 1993
|May 30, 1995
|Bp Chemicals Limited
|Process for preparing carboxylic acids
|Title not available
|Citing Patent
|Filing date
|Publication date
|Apr 12, 2000
|May 15, 2001
|Acetex Limited
|Methanol plant retrofit for acetic acid manufacture
|Nov 1, 1999
|Aug 14, 2001
|Acetex (Cyprus) Limited
|Methanol plant retrofit
|May 9, 2001
|Mar 5, 2002
|Acetex (Cyprus) Limited
|Methanol plant retrofit
|Dec 29, 2000
|Mar 11, 2003
|Kenneth Ebenes Vidalin
|Bimodal acetic acid manufacture
|Oct 31, 2000
|Aug 24, 2004
|Acetex (Cyprus) Limited
|Methanol plant retrofit for manufacture of acetic acid
|Oct 9, 2003
|Jan 25, 2005
|Acetex (Cyprus) Limited
|Integrated process for acetic acid and methanol
|Jul 19, 2005
|Jun 1, 2010
|Woodland Biofuels Inc.
|Process for producing hydrocarbon derivative products from feedstock containing hydrocarbons
|Jan 27, 2009
|Jun 8, 2010
|Acetex (Cyprus) Limited
|Preparation of syngas for acetic acid synthesis by partial oxidation of methanol feedstock
|Jan 3, 2012
|Woodland Biofuels Inc.
|System and method for converting biomass to ethanol via syngas
|Dec 1, 2011
|Apr 29, 2014
|Woodland Biofuels Inc.
|System and method for converting biomass to ethanol via syngas
|Apr 5, 2007
|Nov 22, 2007
|Woodland Chemical Systems Inc.
|System and method for converting biomass to ethanol via syngas
|Jan 27, 2009
|Jun 4, 2009
|Acetex (Cyprus) Limited
|Preparation of syngas for acetic acid synthesis by partial oxidation of methanol feedstock
|Oct 31, 2000
|Jan 20, 2010
|Acetex (Cyprus) Limited
|Methanol plant retrofit for manufacture of acetic acid
|Jun 23, 2005
|Jan 19, 2006
|Acetex (Cyprus) Limited
|Preparati0n of syngas for acetic acid synthesis by partial oxidation of methanol feedstock
|U.S. Classification
|560/232, 562/517, 562/520, 562/519
|International Classification
|Cooperative Classification
|European Classification
|May 14, 1997
Owner name: PARDIES ACETIQUES, FRANCE
Free format text: ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST;ASSIGNORS:DENIS, PHILIPPE;PERRON, ROBERT;NOBEL, DOMINIQUE;AND OTHERS;REEL/FRAME:008507/0544
Effective date: 19970428
|Nov 27, 1998
Owner name: ACETEX CHIMIE, FRANCE
Free format text: CHANGE OF NAME;ASSIGNOR:PARDIES ACETIQUES;REEL/FRAME:009606/0344
Effective date: 19971210
|Aug 21, 2002
|Fee payment
Year of fee payment: 4
|Aug 17, 2006
|Fee payment
Year of fee payment: 8
|Sep 14, 2010
|Fee payment
Year of fee payment: 12


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RT @Fitzmichael: @PresidentCasey Will you help me Pass the Torch to your Colgate followers? #passthetorch #colgateuniversity https://t.co/6gm2Q8hAKX12 hours ago
The Cleveland Regional Alumni Chapter develops, coordinates and promotes opportunities for involvement in the life of the University for alumni in the Cleveland region.
Meet the Cleveland Regional Chapter Leaders:
Class Year
Name and Email Link
|Shannon Greybar Milliken
|Cleveland, OH
@PresidentCasey on Twitter
First night at Colgate. Thinking about old traditions, and new ones, and the people who will be… https://t.co/GMnf2BB96d12 hours ago
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Spending most of my life at school, or on a campus, summer has always been "New Years" for me.… https://t.co/dzuQWhOjJx14 days ago
@kainatt13 yup1 month ago
@kainatt13 are you still here? Can we get that picture?1 month ago
DePauw seniors: It's tradition to not wear caps at baccalaureate. Come in your robes. Be there at 3:45. It's a great thing.1 month ago
Tomorrow @ noon is the Senior Lunch. Saturday Baccalaureate @ 4, then DePauw Under the Stars @ night. Then Sunday...how is this happening?1 month ago
RT @cmbachbach: #tbt May 19, 2013. Thank you @PresidentCasey for your time at DePauw. You will be greatly missed! https://t.co/KI9bMcEp3x1 month ago


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It is a mistake to assume that content development is an assumed talent, or that it can be an afterthought in the digital marketing realm. Content strategy is more than writing for the web. There is a science and strategy behind developing quality content for web pages, blogs, advertisements and social media. And although every successful copywriter must have a foundation of basics writing skills, such as subject matter expertise, an engaging style and tone, and basic grammar usage, there is much more to being a content king.
Jun 01, 2007
Ex Libris Group has announced enhancements to the SFX link resolver A-Z list. Used in libraries to present patrons with a single, browsable, alphabetical listing of electronic journal products, the enhanced SFX A-Z functionality offers improved search and navigation of results.
SFX A-Z list navigation provides more alphabetic links, designed to allow users to "jump" to specific subsections of the list. Increased granularity of these subsections--configured by the library--is designed to enable users to drill down to the exact information they are seeking. Patrons can also navigate backward and forward in the list to search for journal titles via an improved multiple-word phrase search. With the integration of the SFX Citation Linker into the A-Z list, users are able to access known citations directly on the SFX A-Z list page rather than by navigating elsewhere. This release includes improved language options, such as Chinese, Japanese, and Korean support for searching, sorting, and displaying titles. SFX A-Z is also designed to enable libraries to include headers that contain characters in multiple languages simultaneously.
Further enhancements focus on enabling libraries to customize the "flavor" of their SFX A-Z list depending on where it is being used. Among these alternatives are A-Z full-text-only presentation, full text with holdings, and presentation of titles from library-specified providers. These options are designed to enable libraries to match the SFX A-Z list presentation with different library-defined material-delivery requirements. Libraries can also configure direct links to local services and control the "look and feel" of the display. All enhancements in this release are designed for use in multi-library consortium installations.