text:
1918 Smith Flyer appearing in Motor Wheeling Magazine
The Smith Motor Wheel was mounted on the rear and carried it's one cylinder engine, 2 1/4 inch stroke, 2 3/8 inch bore. The little engine developed only 1 1/2 horsepower. A shift lever up front allowed the operator to lift the little engine off the ground so it could idle without stopping. To start the fifth wheel was lowered. To stop a pair of braked lined fenders was pressed against the rear wheels by a brake pedal up front.
Vintage Photo of 1918 Smith Flyer
Only a single model of the A. O. Smith Flyer Cyclecar was produced. It was a two passenger open buckboard type automobile with small bicycle type wheels. Shown above is a vintage photo with adults at the wheel.
1917 Eddie Foy and The Seven Little Foys
In 1917 Eddie Foy, actor, comedian, dancer and vaudevillian, purchased a Smith Flyer and use it in his vaudeville acts. Between 1910 and 1913, he formed a family vaudeville act called "Eddie Foy and The Seven Little Foys" which quickly turned into a national institution.
The forerunner of the Smith Flyer was this gas driven Smith Motor Wheel designed for bicycles. Many were made before the Smith Flyer. The last of the Flyers was this electric version shown above on the right that was made up to 1925 by the Automotive Electric Service Co. and called the Auto Red Bug and widely used in Amusement Parks. They also made Motor Wheels after buying the patent from Briggs and Stratton.
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Check out 'What the Duck' in our Link Directory
What the Duck is a comic strip by Aaron Johnson. It started as a webcomic, with the first strip posted in July 2006. The strip has appeared as print in numerous photography magazines including Amateur Photographer in the UK. It was picked up for syndication in 2008 by Universal Press Syndicate under the name W. T. Duck.
What The Duck is published here every week, and also runs in our weekly newsletter.
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Welcome to the Keble College Music Society website. KCMS works to support the large amount of music that takes place in college, ranging from ensembles and choirs, large and small, to the Early Music Festival, the Warden's Recitals and the Jazz nights filled wine and cheese. This year, we are aiming to make music an even stronger part of the college and get as many people involved as possible through festivals, open mic nights, masterclasses, recitals and much more. We already have some fantastic ensembles, including a String Orchestra, a Chapel Choir and a Singing Group (Henry Ley Singers); but we are currently introducing a Gospel Choir and a Chamber Music Society as well so that people can get involved as much as possible. The majority of these groups are open to people of all abilities to join; the Gospel Choir welcomes people with no musical experience at all, as long as they have enthusiasm!
Feel free to explore this website as much as you like and find out more about the amazing music-making that takes place in Keble. Feel free to contact us for more information, and follow us on Facebook to keep up to date with events and other important news.
As a Music Society, we welcome all members of Keble College and beyond to enjoy the music that takes place here. Whether you are a proud, experienced musician, an excited amateur or someone who just wants to come along, listen and try out new things, we really do encourage you to get involved with the society and we strongly hope that you find at least one thing that you can enjoy! Please feel free to take up music here with as much relaxation or passion as you wish!
Patrick Hall
KCMS President 2016-2017


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Highs today will reach the mid to upper 80s and lower 90s throughout the front range and plains, with lower to mid 70s for the mountains. We're tracking storm chances for this afternoon.
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"MISSILES FOR TERRORISTS, BUT NO GUNS FOR AMERICANS" by Daniel Greenfield
Obama is the biggest smuggler of guns to terrorists. You won't find many of the Democrats who pulled their phony publicity stunt over gun control backing the Muslim Brotherhood Terrorist Design
By: LA number9 | Comments: 20 | Views: 1738 | Votes: 26 | Shared: 10
Location: United States | Leaked: 4 days ago in Politics
IDF unisex soldiers train to deploy on the border to defend against ISIS in the Sinai
By: m16carbine | Comments: 61 | Views: 3710 | Votes: 6 | Shared: 0
Location: Israel | Leaked: 9 days ago in Other Middle East
Eritreans march in Tel Aviv against the Eeritrean regime they escaped
More than 1200 Eritrean asylum-seekers staying in Israel took to the streets near the EU embassy on Tuesday, in support of a UN probe into the African state's regime, considered one of the world's
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Another man films his death on FaceBook
Shooting starts after 1:00 Video shows moments before Antonio Perkins shot to death in vacant lot in North Lawndale Antonio Perkins was found fatally shot in the North Lawndale neighborhood Wednesda
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Location: Chicago, Illinois, United States | Leaked: Jun-16-2016 in Other News, WTF
Police brutality in Chicago
Chicago, Illinois state, United States, June 13, 2016 - A Chicago police officer has been stripped of his police powers and placed on desk duty, pending an investigation into a video showing him appar
By: Police Officers | Comments: 56 | Views: 2863 | Votes: 2 | Shared: 1
Location: Chicago, Illinois, United States | Leaked: Jun-14-2016 in WTF
[Combat edit] ISIS fighters raid an Egyptian Army checkpoint (includes some GoPro) - Sayna province (March, 2016)
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By: Purpleolive | Comments: 13 | Views: 4846 | Votes: 1 | Shared: 0
Leaked: Apr-11-2016 in Other Middle East
Memorial Day weekend closes with 69 shot in Chicago, many of them on West Side
http://www.chicagotribune.com/news/local/breaking/ct-chicago-shootings-memorial-day-20160530-story.html Just after midnight, in one of the last shootings of the Memorial Day weekend, two people pul
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By: dcmfox | Comments: 39 | Views: 3795 | Votes: 0 | Shared: 0
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By: PoliticallyIncorrectNYC | Comments: 53 | Views: 2897 | Votes: 11 | Shared: 0
Location: New York, New York, United States | Leaked: May-26-2016 in Other News
Greece Issued NOTAM for Israeli Military Exercise On EgyptAir MS804 Flight Path
www.undergroundworldnews.com According to NOTAM A0992 / 16 issued by the Greek authorities, the Israeli air force has committed a large area within the Athens FIR, to do exercises from May until
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Leaked: May-22-2016 in Other News
http://abc7chicago.com/news/4-killed-29-shot-in-chicago-since-friday/1350155/ CHICAGO --Four people have been killed and 29 people have been hurt in shootings since Friday. The most recent h
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Egypt intensifies investigation into missing Egyptair flight MS804
It's a race against time for investigators to find out what happened to Egyptair flight MS804. Egypt's president Abdul Fattah al-Sisi has ordered the aviation ministry and military to take all nec
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Leaked: May-20-2016 in Other News
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For everything nails ... Subscribe ... Like ... For Discounts & OffersIn this tutorial video Naio Nails show you how to create a basic UV gel nail.
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NN Sinha in Ranchi on Friday. Telegraph picture Ranchi, June 24: The state rural development department has come up with Jharkhand-specific... ...http://www.telegraphindia.com/1160625/jsp/jharkhand/story_93097.jsp
Ranchi: Setting a target to build five lakh houses by 2022, Jharkhand government will construct a total 1,72,588 dwelling units under the Prime... ...http://DeshGujarat.Com/2016/06/24/jharkhand-govt-to-construct-172588-dwelling-units-under-pm/
New Delhi: at home 63 per cent in rural India and a fifth of rural households walked more than 500 m to get drinking water, according to 2011... ...http://www.siasat.com/news/half-indian-households-not-source-drinking-water-976922/
The writer (centre) with girls from Kasturba Gandhi Balika Vidyalayas. Picture by Ruchira Gupta As I travel through Bihar, to small bustees,... ...http://www.telegraphindia.com/1160623/jsp/bihar/story_92750.jsp
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September 18, 2010 8:56:00 PM
Mississippi University for Women''s Center for Academic Excellence, formerly known as academic advising, is prepared to help all MUW students succeed.
Under the leadership of Dr. Quiteya Walker, who joined MUW in July, the center is a place where all students can go to receive advice, feedback and strategies in various academic areas.
Walker is originally from Charleston, S.C. For the past five years, she resided in Iowa City, where she received her doctorate in rehabilitation counselor education. Additionally, she worked at Kirkwood Community College as a counselor and a case manager for the Americans with Disability Act.
In explaining the center''s name change, Walker said, "There was a stigma associated with the former name, academic advising and support. Many students felt the center and the activities were just for struggling students. That is not the case. The Center for Academic Excellence is for all MUW students.
"My goals for the Center for Academic Excellence are to increase student awareness, involvement and participation, which in essence would increase student success at MUW," she said.
The Center for Academic Excellence brings together a variety of services to ensure the success of students. Some of those include academic advising, tutoring, disability services, student success advice, academic success workshops, individualized guidance and the Summer Developmental Program.
For more information about the center, contact Dr. Walker at 662-329-7138.
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1. Second chances: Daniel and Nellie, helping each other heal COMMUNITY
2. Hairston to represent Lowndes in state DYW COMMUNITY
3. Experience the unique: music, live painting and spoken word ENTERTAINMENT
4. A Stone's Throw: This one's for you, Bob COLUMNS
5. Being Beautiful: Dirt roads are just as exciting as yellow brick roads COLUMNS


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HR Officer Jobs in Hyderabad
HR Recruiter Hyderabad,
HR Hyderabad,
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HR Manager Hyderabad,
HR Generalist Hyderabad
HRH Next Services Pvt.Ltd. - Hyderabad, Andhra Pradesh
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from: Shine.com - 4 days ago
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Consolidation of accounts and related matters. - Providing financial data and obtaining necessary audit certifications for tendering of projects. - To prepare MIS reports including profitability, cash... HR Officer work Hyderabad...Register your CV
from: Shine.com - 4 days ago
TMangoes HR Consulting - Hyderabad / Secunderabad
Ex Army Ex Navy Air Force Professionals are preferrable Should have experience in managing Unions in the plant Should have experience in Industrial Establishment Experience 12 - 16 yrs after retirement... compliance hr officer 2...
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20to60 - Hyderabad, Andhra Pradesh
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Training and Development. HR Administration. HR Management. Salary Processing. hr officer kuwait... INR Rs 2.0 Lakh / YrRegister your CV
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Written on: 21/12/2011
i am not happy with moon pig as i ordered a mug and i received someones elses order with there photoes on it. i received it in 2 days but it wasn't my order. i wouldn't recoment moonpig, bad service especially around christmas. i tryed to get in contact with them through email but got no reply.Visit moonpig.com
As rated by our community of reviewers
" Completely different flowers delivered!!!! " Read More
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...As a teacher, I have taught government to a student whose home was in Vietnam and who did not have a competent understanding of English. However, through my assistance in helping her understand the English terms and facts in the course on American Government, she passed the course with an A. I am a teacher/tutor in Reading Comprehension, ESL, and social studies.
Palm Beach Gardens, FLView Tutor
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...My goal for each student is to become comfortable and proficient with the program to complete their projects. I assign challenging assignments after each lesson. I request feedback and never bill for a session in which the student is not completely satisfied with my tutoring.
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text:
Record of experiments, readings, links, videos and other things that I find on the long road.
Registro de experimentos, lecturas, links, vídeos y otras cosas que voy encontrando en el largo camino.
Sunday, June 19, 2016
Interesting Talk: "Object-oriented lessons for a service-oriented world"
I've just watched this great talk by Chris Kelly
Friday, June 17, 2016
Interesting Talk: "JSON Graph: Reactive REST at Netflix"
I've just watched this great talk by Jafar Husain
Interesting Talk: "One Million Clicks per Minute with Kafka and Clojure"
I've just watched this great talk by Devon Peticolas
Monday, June 13, 2016
Interesting Talk: "Neil Gaiman Addresses the University of the Arts Class of 2012"
I've just watched this wonderful and inspiring talk by Neil Gaiman
Sunday, June 12, 2016
Interesting Podcast: "Josiah Carlson on Redis"
I've just listened to this interesting Software Engineering Radio podcast with Josiah Carlson talking about Redis:
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text:
Lulzec hackers warn NHS over its security
Bucket List shows softer side of hackers
SONY BAITERS AND NINJA HACKER GROUP Lulzsec has contacted the NHS about the failings of its computer systems and network security.
Apparently feeling benevolent after reading about Alice Pyne, the young cancer sufferer whose 'bucket list' has inspired the internet, the Lulzsec hack boat first asked its followers to donate bone marrow, in payment for the Lulz it had given them, and then reached out to warn the NHS.
"In celebration of little girls getting bigger bones, we're now emailing NHS and informing them of those admin passwords we took months ago," read a tweet from the group.
This was followed with some more explanation, "Because if we f**ked over those that give health, people would literally die laughing at our antics. Poor lungs = poor lulz, people", and then a link to a copy of the email sent to the NHS.
In an email apparently sent to an individual at the NHS it said, "We're a somewhat known band of pirate-ninjas that go by LulzSec.
Some time ago, we were traversing the Internets for signs of enemy fleets. While you aren't considered an enemy - your work is of course brilliant - we did stumble upon several of your admin passwords which are as follows."
There follows some blacked out information and then the sign-off, which again points back to the bucket list. "We mean you no harm and only want to help you fix your tech issues. Also, we hope that little girls feast on the bones of many giving souls. All the best, Lulz Security."
On its Twitter feed the group added that it had never planned to use the passwords, but sits on such content for its own reasons. µ
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text:
Kongsberg Maritime DP and simulation systems provide foundation for improving ice operations.
The final piece of a CAD $8.5 million research project to improve DP operations in ice fell into place on May 23, 2012 when the Government of Canada announced a contribution of $3.2 million to the project from the Atlantic Innovation Fund, administered by the Atlantic Canada Opportunities Agency.
Led by long-time Kongsberg Maritime simulator customer CMS – the Centre for Marine Simulation (Fisheries and Marine Institute of Memorial University), the five-year research project aims to improve the safety and efficiency of oil and gas operations in ice environments by improving dynamic positioning (DP) system technologies for operations in ice.
Central to the collaboration is the National Research Council of Canada's Ocean, Coastal and River Engineering facilities in St. John's, Newfoundland. Principal study investigator, Dr. Jim Millan, is well known internationally for his team's work with DP and hull-ice interaction, both of which have paved the way ahead for the current project.
As resource exploration continues to grow in northern latitudes, increasing demand will be placed on technology to ensure safety and efficiency of operations. Operations in the Arctic present unique challenges in terms of the remoteness of the area, the vast distances, the scarcity and cost of support logistics and the risk to the environment. The possibility to extend offshore drilling and production seasons in ice-infested waters is therefore of significant interest to the oil and gas industry.
Kongsberg Maritime will be the commercialisation partner in the project. In addition to providing DP equipment, engineering services and a financial contribution to the research team, KONGSBERG remains optimistic the research findings will ultimately result in the development and commercialisation of a specialised DP system module specifically for ice operations that can be provided as an option to the company's current and future generations of DP technology.
Simulation testing is central to the research, whereby new algorithms developed as a result of discoveries from ice tank testing will be first tested in the Kongsberg Maritime DP simulator. Simulation testing will also play a key role in assessing the limiting weather criteria for safe DP operations in ice and the development of new recommended guidelines for the same. A full suite of new CMS 'DP-in-Ice' simulation training courses are also expected to flow from the project.
CMS is a Nautical Institute-certified DP training site currently equipped with the latest Konsgberg Maritime DP simulator technology (based on KONGSBERG K-Pos DP systems) and managed by highly experienced DP instructional staff. Of particular interest to the Centre is the ability to better analyse vessel capability and the limitations associated with positioning in ice infested environments.
"Controlled movement is vital for the safety of personnel and the environment. DP systems on the market today are not optimised to fully account for the forces and movements that exist in ice environments and it is these input variables that need to be understood for effective and reliable arctic DP operations," commented CMS Director Christopher Hearn.
Maritime Today
The Maritime Industry's original and most viewed E-News Service
A vote was passed at the ordinary shareholders' meeting of HCI Capital AG yesterday to change the company's name to Ernst Russ AG. The Executive Board and Supervisory
French shipping giant CMA CGM plans to use Kingston Container Terminal, Jamaica as a strategic Caribbean transshipment hub for an enlarged Panama Canal. The Port connects to US East Coast,
Conrad Shipyard has formed a new business unit focused on LNG projects.
Conrad, builder of North America's first LNG bunker barge scheduled for 2017 delivery,
For many in shipping, the Brexit was unexpected. Many believe that Brexit's impact on the shipping industry will be more or less neutral.
The UK Chamber of
The Dennis & Phyllis Washington Foundation, in conjunction with Seaspan, announced today a multi-year, multimillion dollar investment in the future of British Columbia's marine industrial sector.
A message from Frank Coles, CEO of Transas, on the International Day of the Seafarer
As an ex-seafarer, I know of the often challenging circumstances that the
Terex Port Solutions (TPS) has received an order from Associated British Ports (ABP) for two electric Terex Gottwald Model 8 portal harbour cranes in the G HSK 8424 B four-rope grab variant.
Austal Limited (Austal) (ASX:ASB) delivered the future USS Montgomery (LCS 8) to the U.S. Navy, during a ceremony held aboard the ship at Austal USA's shipyard in Mobile, Alabama, USA on 23 June.
Singapore's offshore marine services provider PACC Offshore Services Holdings Ltd. (POSH) has been awarded a contract to support Shell's Prelude floating liquefied
Russian development bank VEB said on Friday it had provided a guarantee for $3 billion of debt to the Yamal liquefied natural gas (LNG) project, led by Russian gas firm Novatek.
The first ocean cleanup system ever tested at sea will soon be deployed for trials 23 kilometers (12 NM) off the Dutch coast. The goal of the test is to see how
Standing near Greenland's Jakobshavn glacier, the reputed source of the iceberg that sank the Titanic over a century ago, U.S Secretary of State John Kerry saw evidence of another looming catastrophe.
One of Maersk Line's innovations turns the reefer container into a digitally connected device!
"At Maersk Line, we're always looking for ways to improve cargo care on behalf of our customers.
Damen Shipyards Group has teamed up with the global leader in motion compensation access solutions, Ampelmann, to conduct tests with Ampelmann's L-Type system on
Sea Trucks Group has been awarded a contract from Sabah Shell Petroleum Company Limited for the provision of flotel services for the Malikai deepwater development project,


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DLF shares down over 4% on bourses
Mumbai: Shares of DLF on Tuesday came under renewed selling pressure, falling over 4 percent in an overall weak stock market, where the benchmark index Sensex plunged 136 points.
Since October 5, the scrip has lost nearly 14 percent.
Even after a positive opening, shares of the company failed to sustain the momentum and finally settled 4.26 percent lower at Rs 208 on the BSE. During the day, shares of the company lost 4.85 percent at Rs 206.70.
At NSE, the scrip closed at Rs 207.70, down 4.42 percent.
Meanwhile, the controversy over alleged land deals involving Robert Vadra took a new turn with senior Haryana IAS officer Ashok Khemka cancelling the sale of over three acre land to realty major DLF.
Significantly, this was done on the last day of Khemka's posting as Director General of Land Consolidation and Land Records-cum-Inspector-General of Registration yesterday
A 1991-batch IAS officer, Khemka ordered the mutation of 3.5 acre plot of land in Manesar-Shikohpur that Vadra had sold to DLF for Rs 58 crore.
DLF shares have been under pressure since last few days amid allegations of the company providing undue favours in its transactions with Vadra. The charges have been vehemently denied by both the parties.


text:
Wednesday, October 30, 2013
A long list of helpful ideas for Halloween safety awaits readers at the bottom of this page.
The great thing about the list is that many suggestions are valid any time of year: Go slow down residential streets, watch for kids darting out of driveways or off sidewalks; add pieces of reflective tape to clothes you wear while walking or riding in the dark.
For the purposes of Thursday's sugar-seeking haunts, however, it is laudable that once there are plenty of groups offering Safe Halloween events in the community.
The downtown Hood River brings selected street closures for safer trick or treating, and the giant pumpkin that was carved at Harvest Fest will be on display (see Halloween Happenings, page A2).
The Heights Business Council hosts the annual Safe Halloween event at the Armory, and Providence senior village opens its doors at Brookside and Down manors for kids to come in, show off their costumes, and receive treat or two from the residents. The events are popular, but not quite with the steady stream of goblins and witches as other locations. A visit to these facilities is a way of giving as well as receiving.
Throughout Hood River Halloween, adults get into the act as they escort their kids to these events, everyone in costume.
The standard door-to-door Halloween tradition continues in Hood River, which brings the focus back to the need for caution out on the streets and sidewalks.
The only drawback with reflective tape is that not everyone wears it, so the best policy is just to take is slow and help every little zombie make it home safely.
More like this story
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Latest video:
Oil train car being transported by truck
A damaged rail car from the June 3, 2016 oil train derailment and fire is transported from the crash site via truck on I84. Enlarge


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ConceptDraw PRO
Discover the World of Visual Communication©
Management and Planning tools
ConceptDraw Office suite is a software for Risks Diagram making. This diagram identifies possible risks in accomplishing corrective actions.
Pic.1 Management and Planning tool
With the Risks Diagram, one analyzes each action separately in a tree of all actions and develops a preventive action in response of each potential obstacles or circumstances which may be a risk.
Pic.2 Risk diagram (process decision program chart, PDPC) — Health Care
The Risk diagram (Process Decision Program Chart) determines the risks when corrective action is not performed correctly. Also, it helps develop descriptions for preventive actions at the level of execution.
See also:
Watch Video
TEN RELATED HOW TO's:
Corrective Action Planning
One of the stages of the problem's solving process scenario is Corrective Action Planning. Corrective action planning define people and groups involvement in corrective actions by roles, identify logical sequences of scheduled actions and critical path of problem solving, identify possible risks of action plan and propose preventive actions. Read more... →
Picture: Corrective Action Planning
PROBLEM ANALYSIS.Root Cause Analysis Tree Diagram
Root Cause Analysis Tree Diagram. Use the Root Cause Diagram to perform visual root cause analysis. Root Cause Analysis Tree Diagram is constructed separately for each highly prioritized factor. The goal of this is to find the root causes for the factor and list possible corrective action. ConceptDraw Office suite is a software for problem analysis. Read more... →
Picture: PROBLEM ANALYSIS.Root Cause Analysis Tree Diagram
Decision Making Software For Small Business
A software tool that saves your time on making decisions now has the ability to make decisions with remote team via Skype. Read more... →
Picture: Decision Making Software For Small Business
Related Solution: Remote Presentation for Skype
Quality Criteria MindMap
Quality Management Mind Maps - Presentations, Meeting Agendas, Problem will be solved. The visual form of mind maps is helpful in all stages of quality management, from describing problem to describing and documenting a decision. Read more... →
Picture: Quality Criteria MindMap
Related Solution: Quality Mind Map
Entity Relationship Diagram Software for Mac
One of the most popular semantic data models is the "entity-relationship" model (often called ER-model). Most of the modern approaches to the database (mainly relational) design are based on the usage of different versions of ER- model. Domain modeling is based on the use of graphic charts, including a small number of heterogeneous components. The simplicity and the presentation clarity of the conceptual basis of these ER-model schemes led to its widespread deployment in the CASE-systems that support automatic design of relational databases. A relation is a graphically depicted association between two entities. As well as the entity, a relation is a typical concept, all instances of the linked entity types are subject to the rules established by the connecting. Therefore, it is more correct to speak about the relationship type made between types of entities and about the instances of relationship types made between instances of the entity type. In common ER-model this association is a Read more... →
Picture: Entity Relationship Diagram Software for Mac
Related Solution: Entity-Relationship Diagram (ERD)
Venn Diagram Examples for Problem Solving. Environmental Social Science. Human Sustainability Confluence
The Venn diagram example below shows sustainable development at the confluence of three constituent parts. Create your Venn diagrams for problem solving in environmental social science using the ConceptDraw PRO diagramming and vector drawing software extended with the Venn Diagrams solution from the area "What is a Diagram" of ConceptDraw Solution Park. Read more... →
Picture: Venn Diagram Examples for Problem Solving. Environmental Social Science. Human Sustainability Confluence
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ConceptDraw Office suite is a software for Prioritization Matrix diagram making. This diagram ranks the drivers' factors to determine priority. It identifies the factors of the first priority for analysis of possible corrective actions. It assesses the weight of each factor for each criterion and specifies it in the Prioritization Matrix. The total sum of weights for a factor's criteria indicates its priority. Read more... →
Picture: PROBLEM ANALYSIS. Prioritization Matrix
Cross-Functional Flowchart
Cross-Functional Flowchart - to draw cross functional process maps is by starting with a cross-functional flowchart samples and templates. Easy to draw sample cross functional Process Flow Diagrams. Using a Cross-Functional flowchart is a clear way of showing each team member's responsibilities and how processes get shared or transferred between different teams and departments. Use cross-functional flowcharts to show the relationship between a business process and the functional units (such as departments) responsible for that process. To create it use the best flowchart maker of ConceptDraw PRO. Read more... →
Picture: Cross-Functional Flowchart
Related Solution: Cross-Functional Flowcharts
Swim Lane Diagrams
Swim Lane diagrams are the variety of process flow diagrams and are based on the IDEF3 standard. They were developed by Lynn Shostack for usage in projecting. With their help organization diagrams are combined with process flow, as they visually display an object of the production system which is charged with given concrete processes in general flow of processes of the production system. Read more... →
Picture: Swim Lane Diagrams
Related Solution: Business Processes
CORRECTIVE ACTIONS PLANNING.PERT Chart
The PERT Chart is constructed as part of the process in creating a schedule of corrective actions. The PERT Chart shows the logical connections and consequence of tasks to be performed. It displays the time period for problem solving and the implementation of all activities through the critical path. ConceptDraw Office suite is a software for corrective actions planning. Read more... →
Picture: CORRECTIVE ACTIONS PLANNING.PERT Chart
Apple® OS X 10.9 or later
Microsoft® Windows® 7/8.1/10
|ConceptDraw PRO


text:
Lyrics Depot is your source of lyrics to No Way Out by LeAnn Rimes. Please check back for more LeAnn Rimes lyrics.
No Way Out Lyrics
Artist: LeAnn Rimes
Album: Twisted Angel
You've got me wrapped up
in you
Somehow you led me in
into your web of bittersweet
Of ectasy and sin
I feel like an angel falling
down from grace
I try to run but I keep
on falling
And every time I turn around
I hear your voice,
and it keeps on calling
I'm bound
There's no way out
No way out
You wanted me to want
you and
I couldn't help myself
You became my addication
And I wanted nothing else
I feel like I'm trapped inside
these walls
Trying to find my way
Repeat Chorus
It's like a dream you can't
wake up from
It's a hunger that can't be
No matter how I try there's
no escape
Repeat Chorus
LeAnn Rimes Lyrics
LeAnn Rimes Twisted Angel Lyrics
More LeAnn Rimes Music Lyrics:
LeAnn Rimes - And It Feels Like Lyrics
LeAnn Rimes - Everybody's Someone Lyrics
LeAnn Rimes - Feels Like Home Lyrics
LeAnn Rimes - River Of Love Lyrics
LeAnn Rimes - Strong Lyrics
LeAnn Rimes - Unchained Melody Lyrics
LeAnn Rimes - Won't Be Lonely Long Lyrics
LeAnn Rimes - Wound Up Lyrics


text:
Wovenwar Stream Debut Album
I've enjoyed the singles. I don't expect anything revolutionary or genre defining but I'll be happy if it's enjoyable and fun.
^It is. I'm actually really surprised by how good this turned out
Digging: Direct Hit! - Wasted Mind
Halfway through and I'm digging it, vocals give me a Thrice vibe at times.
I'm a huge fan of both Oh, Sleeper and AILD, but this just does nothing for me. Shane Blay is a great clean vocalist, but his vocals do nothing here for me. I just don't think the vocals fit the music at all.
I think they fit perfectly. Album rules.
Definitely pumped to listen - glad the AILD dudes are still making music and stoked that Blay is a part of this too
Digging: Hedgehog - Blue Day Dreaming
Give it a rest with the caps lock already, jesus
It's ok
I dug this so much... such a fun listen.
Wouldn't call this musically innovative but at least it's catchy and well-written.
*double post
Listened to about half the album so far and it seems solid. I miss the aggression that ALID had but I'm warming up to the new vocalist.
Wovenwar will probably be forgotten by a lot of metal fans because of their fashionable sound. I agree with the sentiments expressed in the thread thus far; This album is stylistically generic but executed well.
Oh, Sleep
I wish they would have chosen a better band name
Boring album
Digging: Propaganda - A Secret Wish
Loved the singles and I think I'll love all the album . Will probably give it a try later today .
Digging: Red Hot Chili Peppers - The Getaway
I would rather listen to Awakened.
This is pretty awesome, although I will miss Tim's powervox and attempting to murder his wife vicariously through members of the police department.
Digging: Napoleon - Newborn Mind
It's a really fun album. Just got to interview Josh Gilbert about it and he was really informative about it. Can't give anything away though until I write it up for the site I work for.
I can't find the streaming ... Is it gone already ?
You'll find it on YouTube etc. as the album's out worldwide now.
some good ol' radio friendly don't call it christian, christian rock
Well according to Tim they're not Christian anyway. Besides the lyrics aren't portraying and particular religious stance and Josh said nothing about wanting to be a "religious" band.
I gotta say I like both bands better individually.
• Michael Gira Accused of Rape• R.I.P. Lemmy• R.I.P. David Bowie• Scott Weiland dead at 48 • The Story So Far's vocalist dropk..• Rush drummer retires• Killswitch Engage debut new single• Brand new Brand New Single• Deftones stream new single• Riverside guitarist dies
• New Taking Back Sunday Track• New Disillusion album news• Debut Death Spells album• Thank you Scientist share Arson H..• New The Color Morale single• New In The Woods.... Song• Our Last Night cover The Eagles• Sum 41 Release Music Video• New Maxo Kream mixtape• The Gathering release OST album• The Medic Droid debut new song• New Dot Dot Curve Song• Septa releases new single• Another New Curren$y EP• Sum 41 share new track» see all news
Bands: A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U V W X Y Z


text:
Begin New Search
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Kristy Thomas
member for 14 years, 19 days
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Bio and Links
I was born Kristy Johns. If I have added someone and you want more information added or would like me to remove the info I have provided please just ask.Currently I am working on a project where I want to photograph every grave in
Etoniah Cemetery
(Putnam County, Florida). I am also working on
Peniel Cemetery
As of Feb 2009 I have finished this one.
I eventually want to to put a book together with all these pictures, obituaries and family group sheets for every person buried in the cemetery, wish me luck!! I feel very fortunate that one day someone can look back on this site and trace my footprints and see the miles my feet have trod.
I do updates and corrections once a month. PLEASE do not send me repeat messages for corrections..the name on the marker is what I will use for Memorials from now on and only that name. This is to help prevent duplicates..I will be more than happy to add full names in the BIO section
Mop Mop
Grandpa Johns
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Contributions to
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2,919 Memorials Added
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Messages left for Kristy Thomas (132)
Leave Message
Donna Goard
Also #11481034 Annie Willis. Sorry I missed her. Also looking for Ruby Knowles in same cemetery. Years ago buried with a little wrought iron fence around grave next to tree. Family Bible says he is buried there and my grandmother Hazel Knowles Manning, his sister, showed me his grave. That was 40 years ago and I recall the headstone was homemade.
Added by
Donna Goard
on Jun 25, 2016 11:48 PM
Donna Goard
Would you please transfer #11481052 W T Knowles, #11481063 Lupina Knowles, #11481031 Ralph Knowles, #11216062 Thais Knowles to me Donna Goard #48170620. Thank you.
Added by
Donna Goard
on Jun 25, 2016 11:40 PM
Neal E Turlington
Hi Kristy can you add Cecil an Dorothy Turlington
memorial # 21433487 an 21433655 to there son Neal Turlington # 24985349 an family.Thank you
Added by
on Jun 20, 2016 7:41 AM
Rose Smith Boyd
Hi Kristy, I have the memorial for Aunt Nettie Cothron Kennard 9745374 I rec'd a request to add her daughter Dorothy Maude Kennard Bainbridge 33663449. Dorothy is your memorial. I know how to link from child to parent but not parent to child. Can you please help me out with this. Thanks in advance. Rose
Added by
Rose Smith Boyd
on Mar 02, 2016 2:51 PM
K Fulton
Ida Texas Glisson
Hey Kristy, just an FYI; I found an Ida Silcox age 1 in 1990 and age 11 in 1910 census; she was listed grand-daughter of Dennis Glisson and Susan Green. I'll let you know when I have a better idea of who her mother was. Thanks for all the good work.
Kathleen F
Added by
K Fulton
on Oct 06, 2015 4:20 PM
Barbara Wilson Krause
RE: Cornelia Barber
Do you not want to add the information I sent you? It could help others. Also, the tombstone date of birth is incorrect. Awesome!! you are writing her bio? Do you plan to add to Find A Grave? That is wonderful. Thanks for adding the memorial. The decision of course is up to you. Have a great day.
Added by
Barbara Wilson Krause
on Jul 23, 2015 11:54 AM
Glenda Becker
Bios and obits
Do you search for obits and census records for all of these or just on family?
Added by
Glenda Becker
on Jul 02, 2015 12:57 PM
Mark A. Drennen Sr.
Amanda Reese
I recently saw the same show (Dr. G) and was going to add this memorial, but saw you had already done it, Thank you, she deserved to be remembered for all her hard work.
Added by
Mark A. Drennen Sr.
on Jun 20, 2015 4:53 PM
John Burnett
Thank you so much.
Dear Kristy:
Thank you so much for getting these photos for me and my family. I really appreciate your time and effort in doing so, especially at this time of year. I hope it is warmer there than it is here--yesterday morning it was 5 degrees!!! Very happy to see Aunt Winnie's graves and that of her husband and sons.
John Burnett
Brownsville, PA
Added by
John Burnett
on Feb 07, 2015 1:16 PM
John Burnett
Thank you so much.
Hi Kristy:
Thank you so much for doing this. I am really excited. I do not know where they are buried in the Cemetery, but her father was Rev. Jasper Newton Hall--so it could be near the Hall family graves. I really appreciate your time and effort in helping our family.
John Burnett
Brownsville, PA
Added by
John Burnett
on Jan 03, 2015 6:10 AM
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NS #5212 rest along the north side of Oakwood Yard in Allen Park, MI while still painted in the NS non-horsehead scheme.
One of JT's ugly CSX pushers on a western coal train rolling through the west leg of the wye at Holland. 05/08/08
Shoving back towards Owosso on the branch to Henderson while the other photographers take a lunch break. Next up is an afternoon run further northwest of town.
LSRC Z126 is approaching Fremont Street in Bay City as they head for Saginaw.
Shortly after sunrise, we see the photo freight heading north across the country side near King St.
Detroit and Mackinac RS-2 4610 waits at Historic Railroad shops at Tawas City Michigan.
CFE 3885 and MMRR 24 lead a short train of empty hoppers west after working King Milling in Lowell. 24 was making its first test runs on this day after having been OOS for over a year, leaving 388... (more)
The BLE 878 is passing over Southfield Road as they head towards Flat Rock on the Dearborn Subdivision.
CSX Q151-20 is passing through Delray as they head for North Baltimore, Ohio with a new Tier 4 leading.
SP "Daylight" 4449 performs a run by for fans at the trackside park in Ithaca during Trainfest 2009.
D80202 riding along behind N95601 after shoving them up the hill at Saugatuck. These pushers were used for a couple months in late 2012 for power on most coal trains, very new paint.
WAMX 4124 and 4206 head south with a short but heavy train. In the Conrail era (and perhaps even before), this section of track was the "Carl" block.
MMRR 1216, a former Kansas City Terminal SW1200, leads the local Michigan Shore switch job down the quasi-street running on Manahan Ave after working Webb. The interesting switcher has since been ... (more)
Grand Elk train 303, the Grand Rapids to Kalamazoo road local, gets underway after working Green Valley. WAMX 7030 was transferred to the Grand Elk from the Wisconsin & Southern and was their numb... (more)
The other surviving PM Berkshire, 1223, on display in Grand Haven at the site of the old Grand Trunk Western yard. Also on display are a PM boxcar, PM caboose, GTW caboose and the GTW coal tower.


text:
Consistent motherboard i945lm4 audio drivers
Last response: in Windows XP
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Elevate works with effective and ambitious nonprofit organizations to make life easier for their leaders, improve their program outcomes, and build more sustainable organizations capable of doing the hard, day-to-day work of meaningful social change.
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Places To Visit in Ernakulam
Browse 252 attractions, meet 47 travelers, 48 tour guides and discover 425 photos
Travelers are voting The Santa Cruz Basilica, Fort Kochi and Chottanikkara Temple as the best of 163 places to visit in Ernakulam. There are 83 places to visit in Idukki a city just 113 km from Ernakulam and 82 places to visit in Kurattikkadu which is 98 km distant. The most popular of these are Thekkady in Idukki and Kumarakom in Kurattikkadu. You can find 1332 places to visit in Kerala and 8899 places to visit in the country of India. Our members favorite in Kerala is Munnar and Mumbai is the top pick in India. Want more? Check out our map of places to visit in Ernakulam.
The Santa Cruz BasilicaPlaces To Visit ChurchesCochin, Kerala, India
The Santa Cruz Cathedral Basilica not only happens to be one of the oldest churches in Cochin, but also in the whole of India. It is one of the…
ChalakudyPlaces To Visit Towns & VillagesKerala, India
Chalakudy is a municipal town situated on the banks of Chalakudy River in Thrissur District of the Kerala State in India. It is the base camp for…
Fort KochiPlaces To Visit NeighborhoodsKochi, Kerala, India
Fort Kochi is a region in the city of Kochi in the state of Kerala, India. This is part of a handful of water-bound regions toward the south-west of…
Chottanikkara TemplePlaces To Visit TemplesErnakulam, Kerala, India
The Chottanikkara (corruption of Jyotiannakkara) Temple is a famous temple of the Hindu mother goddess Bhagawati. The temple is located near…
Paliam Dutch PalacePlaces To Visit PalacesParavur, Kerala, India
The Paliam Palace was once used as the residence of the Paliath Achans, who were the prime ministers to the former Maharajas of the State of Kochi.
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Aluva is a suburb of the city of Kochi, situated 21 kilometres (13 mi) north of the city center and a municipality in Ernakulam…
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Kalady (Malayalam: കാലടി) is a village located east of the Periyar river, in the Ernakulam district of Kerala, India.
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Kothamangalam is a town located in eastern part of Ernakulam district in the Indian state of Kerala situated 45 km north east of Kochi City.
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Piravom is a town situated in Muvattupuzha Taluk of Ernakulam district in Kerala state, south India. It is 34 km South East of Ernakulam…


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Governor McAuliffe Signs Executive Order To Reduce Carbon Emissions in Virginia
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Governor McAuliffe Signs Legislation Establishing Military Medics And Corpsmen Pilot Program
28th June, 2016
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Herring's Statement On Supreme Court Rulings On Affirmative Action And Immigration
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Attorney General Herring Elected Chair Of NAAG Southern Region
24th June, 2016
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Governor McAuliffe Statement On The Selection Of Todd Haymore As Virginia Secretary Of Commerce And Trade
24th June, 2016
Governor Terry McAuliffe today released the following statement announcing that Virginia Secretary of Agriculture and Forestry Todd Haymore will become the next Secretary of Commerce and Trade in Virginia, succeeding Secretary Maurice Jones as he assumes Chief Executive Officer of the Local Initiatives Support Corporation in September:Read More
Governor McAuliffe Announces Expansion Of Cybersecurity Apprenticeships
24th June, 2016
Governor McAuliffe announced yesterday at the National Governors Association's Talent Pipeline Policy Academy that for the first time in Virginia history, businesses have the opportunity to stand up registered apprenticeships for cyber security occupations. Read More
Governor McAuliffe Announces Public Safety Grant Funding For Implementing New Legislative Initiatives
24th June, 2016
Governor Terry McAuliffe and Secretary of Public Safety and Homeland Security Brian Moran today announced the availability of grant funding to help local law enforcement agencies implement the newly-passed law prohibiting persons who are subject to permanent protective orders in domestic abuse cases from possessing firearms. Read More
Governor McAuliffe Announces $275,000 in Grants For Early Intervention And Education Of Children With Disabilities
23rd June, 2016
Governor Terry McAuliffe today announced two federal grants that will improve services, supports and information availability for early intervention and education of children with disabilities.Read More
Governor McAuliffe Announces Virginia's Unemployment Rate Hits Lowest Since May 2008
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Sir John Hawkins: Queen Elizabeth's Slave Traderby Harry Kelsey
Although his cousin Sir Francis Drake is more famous, Sir John Hawkins (1532–1595) was a more successful seaman and played a pivotal role in the history of England and the emergence of the global slave trade. Born into a family of wealthy pirates, Hawkins became fascinated by tales of the riches of foreign lands. Early in his career he led an illegal expedition in which he captured three hundred slaves in Sierra Leone and transported them to the West Indies. There he traded them for pearls, hides, and sugarthus giving birth to the British slave trade. His voyages were so lucrative that Queen Elizabeth herself sponsored subsequent missions.Discouraged from his career as a pirate by a near-fatal encounter with angry Spanish troops, Hawkins spent much of his later life in England at the service of the queen. Although he committed treason, murder, and adultery at various points in his career, he was nonetheless knighted in 1588 for his role in defeating the Spanish Armada. In this riveting book, Harry Kelsey, biographer of Sir Francis Drake, tells the story of this extraordinary man.
Author Biography: Harry Kelsey is a research scholar at the Huntington Library.
Also available by Harry Kelsey: Sir Francis Drake: The Queen's Pirate
Editorial Reviews
Product Details
- 9780300096637
- Publisher:
- Yale University Press
- Publication date:
- 02/20/2003
- Pages:
- 416
- Product dimensions:
- 6.13(w) x 9.25(h) x (d)
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Read an Excerpt
People of Plenty
Economic Abundance and the American Character
By David M. Potter
The University of Chicago PressCopyright © 1954 The University of Chicago Press
All rights reserved.
The Historians and National Character
After remaining for ages almost entirely in the hands of historians, the study of national character has recently undergone a transformation which illustrates the strangeness of the tricks that time can play: it has passed very largely into the hands of medical men. Of this extraordinary development I shall have more to say later, but at the very outset it seems appropriate to note that this subject which has so recently been returned to the care of the physicians began with a physician in the first place. The earliest recorded disquisition on national character was put in writing in the fifth century before Christ by that distinguished medical practitioner, Hippocrates. In part he said: "The chief reason why Asiatics are less warlike and more gentle in character than Europeans is the uniformity of the seasons, which show no violent changes.... For there occur no mental shocks [to the people] ... which are more likely to steel the temper and impart to it a fierce passion than is monotonous sameness. For it is changes of all things that rouse the temper of man and prevent its stagnation. For these reasons, I think, Asiatics are feeble. Their institutions are a contributory cause, the greater part of Asia being governed by kings. Now where men are not their own masters and independent, ... they are not keen on military efficiency.... All their worthy, brave deeds merely serve to aggrandize ... their lords while the harvest they themselves reap is danger and death.... [But] all the inhabitants of Asia, whether Greek or non-Greek, who are not ruled by despots, but are independent, toiling for their own advantage, are the most warlike of all men. For it is for their own sakes that they run their risks, and in their own persons do they receive the prizes of their valour as likewise the penalty of their cowardice."
It seems valid to regard Hippocrates as the first writer on the subject of national character, because he approached it consciously as a problem of generalization about groups of people, while other writers did not do this. But even a few years earlier than Hippocrates, Herodotus had offered some comments in very much the same vein on the character of the Athenians. Their history, he suggested, was proof "that equality is a good thing," for "while they were under despotic rulers the Athenians were no better in war than any of their neighbours, yet once they got quit of despots they were far and away the first of all. This, then, shows that while they were oppressed they willed to be cravens, as men working for a master, but when they were freed, each one was zealous to achieve for himself."
With that extraordinarily modern outlook so often evident in the Greeks, Hippocrates and Herodotus had, for a moment, anticipated the concepts of behavioral scientists twenty-five centuries later. These scientists were to make close analysis of the effects of oppression, caste, and authoritarian control upon personality and were to emerge with findings not unlike those of the Greek physician and the Greek historian.
Although these are apparently the earliest statements about national character that have survived from ancient times, it would be a mistake to exaggerate either the priority of these writers in originating the concept or their influence in the later development of the idea. For the practice of attributing group characteristics to bodies of people is apparently as old as the sense of group identity itself—that is, it is an aspect of ethnocentrism—and the countless subsequent expressions of such generalization have been voiced as freely by the ignorant as by the readers of Greek literature.
Within the sequence of literature itself the influence of these writers was very largely neutralized, if not completely dissipated, by the writings, during the following century, of Aristotle, on the same subject. Whereas Hippocrates and Herodotus had recognized that character would change with changing conditions, such as varying degrees of authoritarianism, Aristotle presented it as fixed and unchanging. It must be said to his credit that he did not make the error of supposing that character remains constant because it is inherited in the genes—he was not a racist—but he did stress the impact of permanent conditions of climate which would cause permanent traits of character. Moreover, he extended the concept of character differences to involve not only the idea of dissimilarities but also that of inequalities, for he conceived of the Hellenic people as having the capacity of ruling the world if they could be united into one state. These ideas of the immutability of national character and of the superiority of the peoples of a given character group have, unfortunately, shown as much vigor as did the idea that distinctive character may evolve where distinctive conditions are at work.
These theories of the distinctiveness of the character of various peoples have gained singularly ready and widespread acceptance at the hands of writers in every country and in every age. The ease with which such beliefs have won adoption requires some explanation, and I shall return to this problem a little later. Meanwhile, it may be said that probably no other class of writers has trafficked in this concept of national character so heavily as have historians. The theme of the historian almost invariably has been the story of a specific people or a specific country, and historians have found in the theory of national character a basic device for differentiating their particular subjects and, very often, for attributing special virtues to the people of whom they write. If this was true before the advent of modern nationalism, it has been vastly more so since then, when, in the case of writers like Treitschke in Germany, Lamartine in France, or Bancroft in the United States, national glorification has been the essential function of history, and the recognition of national traits has been the means for demonstrating national superiority. Among the nationalist historians, including many who avoided the extremes of chauvinism, the concept of national character became, therefore, the one dominant historical assumption which pervaded the treatment of all their material.
The extent to which historians have relied upon this assumption could probably be illustrated from the historical literature of any country, but, since I am personally most familiar with the American branch of the literature and since other parts of this book deal with the question of American national character, it may be well to draw upon American history for an illustration and to recognize how widely the concept of a distinctive American character has been adopted by American historians.
Among the more prominent American historical writers, there is hardly one who does not, either occasionally or constantly, explicitly or implicitly, invoke the idea of an American national character. Without attempting to be thorough, one may easily note a few examples. Henry Steele Commager tells us that it cannot be doubted that "by some alchemy, out of the blending of inheritance, environment, and experience, there came a distinctive American character." Allan Nevins, in his Ordeal of the Union, begins by delineating "the virtues and vices of the national character," as it manifested itself at the middle of the nineteenth century. Arthur M. Schlesinger has devoted one of his most famous essays to making a list of specific national characteristics in answer to Crèvecæur's famous question, "What then is the American, this new man?" Samuel E. Morison, when writing his Oxford History, did not hesitate to undertake a description of the American character at various stages of our history, even though he found it "so complex ... that the excess of one quality was balanced by the excess of its reverse." James Truslow Adams wrote an entire book, The American, "to find out ... the difference between the real and the merely legal American," for he felt no doubt that the American "is different ... from the citizen of any other nation." But perhaps the most conclusive illustration is Turner's classic essay, "The Significance of the Frontier in American History." It is sometimes forgotten that the primary purpose of that essay was to explain the differentiation of the American from the European and to show why certain traits were dominant in the American strain.
Even among historians who have been more cautious in making explicit use of the concept of national character, extended study is given to American attitudes or beliefs which could hardly be supposed to exist in a distinctive form unless they were associated with a distinctive personality or character. Thus, Charles and Mary Beard have generalized about the American spirit and about American civilization; Vernon Parrington, Ralph H. Gabriel, and Merle Curti about American thought; Albert Bushnell Hart about American ideals; Louis M. Hacker and Louis B. Wright about the American tradition; Denis W. Brogan about the American character; and various writers about the American mind. That a typical national spirit or thought or tradition or mind or set of ideals could have developed without the development of a typical national character is at least doubtful.
The concept of national character, then, ranks as a major historical assumption and one which has colored the writing of a vast body of historical literature. It might be supposed that, in the case of such a basic concept, far-reaching attention would have been given to the rationale of the subject and that the idea would have been defined and elaborated with rigor and precision. Yet the fact is that historians have done very little either to clarify or to validate this concept which they employ so freely. The looseness with which the term "national character" is used and the inconsistent meanings which attach to it are striking evidence of the lack of adequate analysis. Because of these deficiencies, and especially because of the way in which the idea of national character got mixed up with doctrines of race, the entire concept has been called into very serious question, and it will be necessary, at a later point in this discussion, to examine this philosophical rejection of the concept. First, however, the inadequacies, the abuses, and the confusion in the use of the concept by historians need to be scrutinized.
The most basic ambiguity of all is that historians vary widely in their notion as to what constitutes national character. To some writers it implies an absolute quality, persisting without change from one generation to another and manifesting itself universally in all the individuals who compose the national group. To others it is little more than a statistical tendency for the individuals in one country at a particular time to evince a given trait in higher proportion than the individuals of some other country. This approach is essentially relativistic, and it contrasts with the absolute approach both in regarding national traits as changing responses to changing conditions and in regarding national character as something which may be found in a large enough proportion of the people (and which exists as national character, pragmatically, only because it is found in them) rather than as something which inheres in all the people (and is found in them, mystically, because it is the national character).
Despite the insight which Hippocrates and Herodotus had originally shown in recognizing that, if conditions determine character, character will change with conditions, it was unfortunately true that many later historical writers seemed to accept the absolute view, which ultimately found its most extreme expression in the early nineteenth century. Today it can no longer be taken seriously in its literal form, and we can only smile at such manifestations as Herder's assertion that the Teutonic vocal apparatus was naturally formed for the enunciation of German speech and that it would be a perversion for the Teutonic larynx to dally with any other language. But, in a more subtle form, the concept of a character which is shared in common by all the people still commands impressive support. For instance, Otto Bauer has argued that national character is far more than a mere similarity of traits in diverse individuals and that it is, rather, a "community of character." Community of character, he contended, does not imply that individuals of the same nation will be similar to one another but that "the same force has acted on the character of each individual.... While ... similarity of character can only be observed in the majority of the members of the nation, the community of character, the fact that they all are the products of one and the same effective force, is common to all of them without exception."
Many other writers whose view is far less carefully refined than Bauer's have held to the absolute point of view by setting up what Weber would have called "ideal typical" images to personify the character of given nations and then evaluating individual citizens according to the extent to which they correspond to these types. Thus John Bull remains the "typical Englishman," and the old-fashioned Yankee remains the "typical American" for many writers, despite the fact that the vast majority in the English and the American population do not now conform to these types, if, indeed, they ever did. In this case, there is no longer a mystical assertion that all Englishmen or all Americans are alike, but there is still an arbitrary assumption that specific qualities are peculiarly British or American and that the extent to which an individual is truly British or American depends upon the extent to which he possesses these qualities.
Against these fixed notions of national character, the few critics who concern themselves with the subject have made such headway as they can. Writers like Hans Kohn and Carlton J. H. Hayes have shown clearly that traits which are deemed most intrinsic to the "character" of a nation will change markedly and rapidly as historical circumstances change. Thus at the beginning of the eighteenth century the English were considered volatile and unstable in political affairs, while the French seemed steady and even phlegmatic by comparison. But a century later these conceptions had been reversed, and it was the French who were regarded as political weathercocks. Other writers have accepted the idea that traits of national character are essentially tendencies which ebb and flow with the waxing and waning of historical forces. For instance, Frederick Jackson Turner conceived of American traits as developing under the impact of frontier forces, and he spoke with foreboding of what would happen to these traits when the frontier no longer existed to perpetuate them.
But, though many historians have adopted these more tenable concepts of what constitutes national character, most of them have done so implicitly, without much discussion of their premises, and the fact remains that there is no agreement, no uniform understanding, within the profession, as to what is meant by "national character" or as to what elements go to make it up.
Not only have historians failed to agree on what they mean by "national character"; they have also failed to agree on what kind of qualities should be taken into account as composing it. There is a vast difference between mere traits of behavior, such as writing from left to right or eating with a fork, which a given people may have in common, and traits of character, in which a deeply intrenched system of values is involved. It is to this difference that David Riesman alludes when he says that "cultural differences, no matter how forcefully they may strike the ear, the eye, or the nose, are not necessarily correlated with character differences of equal significance." It would be a difficult task to draw a hard-and-fast theoretical distinction between cultural traits and character traits, for when modes of behavior are continued over a long period, society tends to attribute value to them, and where values are involved, character is involved, for character might almost be defined as the individual's system or complex of values. Erich Fromm has stated this relationship between behavior and character with remarkable clarity, as follows: "In order that any society may function well, its members must acquire the kind of character which makes them want to act in the way they have to act as members of the society or of a special class within it. They have to desire what objectively is necessary for them to do. Outer force is to be replaced by inner compulsion and by the particular kind of human energy which is channeled into character traits."
But, though no one can be expected to make a rigorous distinction between traits of behavior and traits of character, it is easy to see that if we follow Fromm in regarding character as a force exercising inner compulsion, we must reject large segments of the data which historians have used in describing national character. For they have often lumped together indiscriminately the basic traits which play a dynamic part in shaping character and the mere extraneous practices which serve as visible recognition signs by which the underlying character traits may be perceived. Very often a catalogue of traits ranges from the profound to the trivial. Thus we may be told in the same breath that Americans are optimistic (a trait of temperament), that they attach great value to productive activity (a trait of character), that they are fond of jazz music (a cultural trait), and that they are remarkably prone to join organized groups (a behavioral trait which may provide overt evidence of some underlying trait of character). In the. discussion of national character it probably would not be either practicable or rewarding to enforce these distinctions rigidly, but analysis of the subject would not be quite so loose as it is if writers had at least recognized that traits of character are at one level and distinctive habits, such as addiction to some particular article of diet, are at quite another.
Excerpted from People of Plenty by David M. Potter. Copyright © 1954 The University of Chicago Press. Excerpted by permission of The University of Chicago Press.
All rights reserved. No part of this excerpt may be reproduced or reprinted without permission in writing from the publisher.
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