text:
18 Projects Every Crafter Wants
Bonus: Get our newsletter & special offers for free. We will not share or sell your email address. View our Privacy Policy
Sort Results By:
Embellished Antique Mirror
(1 Votes)
Thrift Store Beach Tray
(1 Votes)
Summer Sunset Tie Dye T shirt
(1 Votes)
Jane Skoch
(1 Votes)
Page Keeper
(1 Votes)
How to Make Felt
(3 Votes)
Painted Beach Votives
(1 Votes)
DIY Sea Glass Vase
(1 Votes)
Christmas Scene Goblet
(1 Votes)
Tropical Beach Tote
(1 Votes)
Beach Days Scrapbook Layout
(1 Votes)
Jacquard Products
(1 Votes)
Beach Getaway Cube Vase
(1 Votes)
Easy Sea Glass Flower Vase
(1 Votes)
Ocean Basket Shelf Unit
(1 Votes)
Something worth saving?
- SAVE all your favorite crafts
- ADD personal notes
- QUICKLY reference your crafts
Free eBooks
- 13 Spring Crafts: Easter Craft Ideas, Spring DIY Home Dcor, and More
- 17 Flower Craft Ideas: How To Make Paper Flowers, Easy Fabric Flowers and More
- 18 Projects Every Crafter Wants
- 23 Fabulous Picnic Craft Ideas + Restaurant Copycat Recipes
- 25 Cool Things to Do with Wine Bottles
- 26 Spring Crafts for Kids
- Easter Craft eBook: Blogger Edition
- Garden Crafts
- Hop into Spring: Easter Crafting and Recipe
- Trash to Treasure: 28 Recycled Crafts
Our Newest Projects & Articles
- Glass Jar Mod Podge Makeover
- Crochet Shell N Chains Scarf
- USA Mason Jar Knit Cozy
- Patriotic Mason Jar Crochet Cozy
- Mouse Hole Wall Decor
- Lacy Star Crochet Stitch
- Delicate Shells Crochet Stitch
- Charging Station Recycled Craft
- Double Seed Stitch Coffee Cozy
- World Traveler DIY Magnet Board


text:
|Publication number
|Publication type
|Publication date
|Sep 11, 1962
|Filing date
|Sep 3, 1958
|Priority date
|Sep 3, 1958
|Publication number
|Wechsler Harry, Hermas N Beaudet
|Original Assignee
|Borden Co
|Export Citation
|BiBTeX, EndNote, RefMan
|Patent Citations (9), Referenced by (9), Classifications (15)
|External Links: USPTO, USPTO Assignment, Espacenet
United States Patent Ofiice 3,053,820 Patented Sept. 11, 1962 AQUEOUS SUSPENSION POLYMERIZATTQN IN THE PRESENCE OF ALKANE HYDROCARBONS Harry Wechsler, Leominster, Mass, and Hermas N. Beau- (let, Carnegie, Pa., assignors to The Borden Company,
New York, N.Y., a corporation of New Jersey No Drawing. Filed Sept. 3, 1958, Ser. No. 758,657
3 Claims. (Cl. 260-371) This invention relates to suspension polymerization. In particular it relates to an improved process for preparing low molecular weight addition polymers or copolymers.
This application is a continuation-in-part of applications tiled by us on April 25, 1955, Serial No. 503,808, and on August 16, 1955, Serial No. 528,836, now abandoned.
Solution polymerization has been used heretofore in preparing low molecular weight addition polymers, with or without adding chain transfer agents. Such polymerization is useful where polymer solutions are desired rather than polymers in separated form. Where resin isolation or even a solution of high concentration is desired, solution polymerization is wasteful and cumbersome because of the necessity of organic solvent recovery, inefficient heat transfer by viscous solutions, high processing cost, difiiculty of quality control, and low yields.
Suspension polymerization is generally preferred to emulsion, solution, or bulk polymerization because of the high purity of solid products obtainable and ease of handling and processing.
In preparing addition polymers by suspension polymerization, it has sometimes proved difiicult in the past, however, to obtain low molecular weight products and also to produce a suitably fine particle size material. Increase in concentration of a chain transfer agent, in an effort to obtain low molecular weight polymers, frequently has caused unstable suspension systems with agglomeration and lumping of the polymer beads.
This invention provides a novel suspension process whereby monomers having a single polymerizable carbon-to-carbon double bond are homoor copolymerized to a polymer recoverable directly as a fine powder and suitably of relatively low molecular weight.
Our invention comprises forming a suspension of the monomer or monomers to be polymerized, a monomersoluble polymerization catalyst, a precipitating agent for the polymer to be produced, and water as the suspending medium, the suspension including to advantage also a protective colloid that is insoluble in the said agent.
The polymer precipitating agent is a non-reactive liquid under the conditions of use, insoluble in water, soluble in the monomer or monomer mixture, and a nonsolvent for the polymer to be produced. It has no labile group reactive at the normal temperatures of polymerization and has a chain transfer constant with styrene at 60 C. of less than 5 On this scale, for example, n-heptane has a chain transfer constant of 0.4 10 Alkane hydrocarbons having 4-12 carbon atoms to the molecule, this term including both the non-cyclic and cycloalkanes having the stated number of carbon atoms, meet the requirements and illustrate the class to be used. Examples are n-butane, pentane, n-hexane, octane, cyclopentane, and cyclohexane. As used, they cause fine particle precipitation of the polymer, this term including copolymer, during the suspension polymerization.
Compounds such as fluorene and carbon tetrachloride,
which have high chain transfer constants, can be and suitably are used in small proportion in conjunction with the polymer precipitating agent.
The monomers which are used have a single polymerizable carbon-to-car-bon double bond, are water insoluble, i.e. less soluble in water than in the other monomer with which they may be polymerized, and give polymers precipitatable from their solutions in the monomers by paraifin hydrocarbons. Examples that meet the requirements and that may be used are vinyl halides such as vinyl chloride, fluoride, and bromide; vinylidene halides such as vinylidene chloride; vinyl esters such as vinyl acetate; any vinyl ketone; any vinyl ether; styrene and its derivatives; derivatives of acrylic and methacrylic acids; N- vinyl compounds such as N-vinyl pyridine and N-vinyl carbazole; allyl compounds such as allyl acetate and monoallyl phthalate; and unsaturated compounds whose structure can be derived from ethylene by symmetrical substitution such as maleic anhydride and maleic and fumaric acid esters.
A protective colloid of high molecular weight is added to prevent agglomeration of the particles. The colloid used is either dispersible or soluble in Water and insoluble in the hydrocarbon liquid serving as precipitant for the polymer to be produced. Examples of such high molecular weight protective colloids that we use are gelatin, polyvinyl alcohol, methyl cellulose, copolymers of vinyl acetate-maleic anhydride, of alkyl vinyl ethersmaleic anhydride, of styrene-maleic anhydride and of vinyl alcohol-vinyl acetate, and copolymers containing acrylic or methacrylic acid residues.
Among the copolymers of vinyl allkyl ethers and maleic anhydride which may be used as the colloid are those made from the methyl-, ethyl-, propyl-, isopropyl, n-butyl-, and isobutylvinyl ethers. These copolymers may be utilized alone or together with other types of surfaceactive agents, as, for example, ethylene oxide-propylene oxide condensate. These copolymers may be used as such or after reaction with alkaline agents such as sodium hydroxide, ammonia, or amines. Such alkaline agents are considered to combine with part or all of the maleic acid or maleic anhydride residues to form salts or amides.
Polyelectrolytes that serve particularly well the protective colloid are those having a pH of 2-13 in 1% solution in water and containing substantial amounts of acrylic or methacrylic acid residues or both, in the form of soluble salts. Among these are polyacrylic acid, polymethacrylic acid, copolymers of acrylic acid with acrylic or methacrylic esters, copolymers of methacrylic acid with either acrylic esters or methacrylic esters, and mixtures of any of the foregoing. The pH range stated is established by use of alkaline agents such as sodium hydroxide, ammonia, or amines, which are considered to combine with the free acrylic acid or methacrylic acid residues, to form a polyelectrolyte. The results are either partial salts or complete salts of the poly-acids.
Commercial examples of the polyelectrolytes that We use as the polymeric colloid are described below:
PVM/ MA, a 50:50 mole percent copolymer of vinyl methyl ether and maleic anhydride. The specific gravity range is 1.3-1.4. The specific viscosity in 1% methyl ethyl ketone at 25 C. is 0.23.
Polyco 296-N, a 15% aqueous solution of sodium polyacrylate in water, of pH about 11 in 10% concentration.
Acrysol GS, a 12.5% aqueous solution of sodium polyacrylate, which, when diluted to 1%, has a pH of 8.6-9.
Acrysol A-l," a 25% solution of polyacrylic acid having a pH of 2.62.8 in 1% concentration.
A copolymer consisting of 50 mole percent methyl methacrylate copolymerized with 50 mole percent methacrylic acid, to a 0.2% solution of the copolymer in water, therebeing added sodium hydroxide to a pH of approximately 8.
With the said colloid there may suitably be used also a water soluble ionic or nonionic surfactant that is chemically non-reactive with other materials of the suspension. Examples are the sodium salts of alkyl aryl sulfonates such as sodium decyl benzene or keryl benzene sulfonate, sodium alkyl sulfates such as the lauryl sulfate, and dialkyl sodium sulfosuccinates; potassium or ammonium salts may be used in place of the sodium salts.
Any monomer-soluble catalyst for ethylenic bond polymerization is used to advantage in this process. Representative examples are benzoyl-, lauroyl-, dichlorobenzoyl-, and methylethyl ketone peroxides; t-butyl hydroperoxide; and azo compounds such as azo-bis diisobutyronitrile.
Other conventional materials may be introduced in usual amount and for their usual effect on the polymerization, as, for example, chain transfer controllers or agents such as those disclosed elsewhere herein that are more soluble in the monomer or monomers than in water and activators such as glucose, amines, and the like, all in usual proportions.
Proportions of those of the ingredients that are usual in suspension polymerization are conventional. Thus, the monomer used may be all of one kind. In making a homopolymer of vinyl chloride, for instance, only vinyl chloride is used. To make copolymers, the proportion of one of the plurality of the other monomers required may be as low as 1 part for 100 of total monomer component, the exact proportion varying with the kinds of monomers used and in accordance with known practice in this art and being usually 4-50 parts for 100 of total monomers.
Catalysts are used ordinarily in such amounts as 0.13 parts for 100 of the monomer component.
The proportion of the polymer precipitating agent, that is, the hydrocarbon liquid, is about 10-100 parts for 100 of the monomer (or total monomers) used. The exact amount is that required to precipitate (insolubilize) the polymer in the hydrocarbon-monomer-polymer mixture.
The proportion of the polymeric protective colloid is that adequate to prevent settling or agglomeration or both of the beads or drops of the agitated suspended monomer or polymer. Suitable proportions are about 0.01-5 parts for 100 of the monomers and for best commercial results usually 0.1-2 parts, the exact amount varying with the colloid selected.
The surface-active adjuvant is used in the proportion of about 0.01-0.5 parts for 100 of the monomer components.
The waterzmonomer ratio is about 0.5:1 but usually 1-4 parts of water for 1 of monomer.
As to conditions, the polymerization is made to advantage by heating the continuously agitated suspension to a temperature of -150 C., the temperature selected varying approximately within this range with the monomers selected and being usually 40100 C. Temperatures below the minimum stated do not give a rate of polymerization satisfactory for commercial operation without the use of an objectionable and uneconomical proportion of catalyst. Higher temperatures are unnecessary and undesirable.
Pressure used is that needed to liquefy the monomers at the polymerization temperature.
The heating and agitation are continued until the polymerization is effected, that is, substantially completed.
During the polymerization as described, the hydrocarbon liquid precipitates the resulting polymer within the suspended droplets containing monomer, hydrocarbon liquid, and the catalyst. For this reason, the droplets become cloudy or milky in appearance. The polymer is thus removed from the sphere of reaction at a stage that may be influenced or predetermined approximately by choosing the proportion of the selected precipitating agent, to cause the precipitation at about the desired level of polymerization of the resulting copolymer. The protective colloid present prevents coalescence and agglomeration of the drops. The water provides a convenient heat transfer medium and prevents sticking to kettle walls.
In general an agitator-equipped reactor is charged with the aqueous phase containing water, the protective colloid, and the desired surfactant, if any. The monomer is mixed with the liquid hydrocarbon, catalyst, and any other monomer-soluble ingredients to be used, and then mixed with the aqueous phase. Control of temperature, pressure, and agitation are provided.
In the agitated suspension there are formed eventually three phases, namely, (1) the continuous aqueous phase containing water, polymeric colloid, and suitably also an adjuvant; (2) the dispersed droplet phase containing monomer, liquid hydrocarbon, catalyst, chain transfer agent, if any, and polymers of intermediate size; and (3) fine solid polymer precipitated within the droplets by the said hydrocarbon liquid.
Recovery of the polymer is effected, after completion of the polymerization, by release of the pressure and volatilization of any condensed gas present, an example =being any remaining vinyl chloride monomer, steam distilling or vacuum stripping away the hydrocarbon, and then removing water, as by centrifuging, filtering, or settling of the contents of the reactor, all without change of state.
Examples of this invention, relating first to making low molecular weight copolymers, are given below. Here and elsewhere herein proportions are expressed by weight unless specifically stated to the contrary. The viscosity is stated frequently as relative viscosity, that is, the ratio of the time of outflow of the solution being tested from a standard pipet to the outflow time for the the diluent alone from the same pipet. The relative viscosity for a given polymer or copolymer is a function of the molecular weight, it being lower the lower the molecular weight.
EXAMPLE 1 A charge was made as follows in a pressure kettle equipped with an agitator:
Polyvinyl alcohol-polyvinyl acetate, 88:12 molar ratio (colloid) n-Hexane (polymer precipitant) The charge was agitated at 52.5 C. with a maximum pressure of 73 p.s.i. for 10 hours. The residual vinyl chloride was then vented and the kettle drained. A yield of 1350 parts of a fine powder polymer was recovered. After purification, it showed a relative viscosity of 1.260 measured at 0.5% concentration in cyclohexanone at 25 C.
By contrast a charge of comparable composition, but with the hexane omitted, gave aggregates of many smaller beads strongly cemented together and stubbornly resistant to grinding or crushing. When a mixture of this resin was milled with dioctyl phthalate in a 1:04 ratio,
EXAMPLE 2 A suspension was formed of the following:
Parts Vinyl chloride 958 Vinyl acetate 143 2,4-dichlorobenzoyl peroxide compounded with dibutyl phthalate (50:50) Water 4450 Polyvinyl alcohol-polyvinyl acetate, 88:12 molar ratio (colloid) 5 Carbon tetrachloride (chain transfer agent) 40 "mPentane 1100 The polymerization, carried out at 56 0, gave 980 parts of polymer having a relative viscosity in the 0.5% solution of Example 1 of 1.214. The polymer was in the form of a fine powder.
A mixture of exactly the same materials in the same proportions, but omitting the Water, on being heated and processed similarly in a reaction vessel at 56 C., showed a heat transfer that became progressively worse during the run. After 13 hours heating, the kettle was found to contain a thick layer of polymer cake inside the walls and cover. A large proportion of the product was in the form of hard chunks and lumps. This illustrates one of the advantages of the present process over a solution polymerization system.
EXAMPLE 8 A charge was made up in a pressure kettle equipped with an agitator as follows:
Dichlorobenzoyl peroxide 50-dibutyl phthalate 50 (catalyst mixture) 5% aqueous solution of PVM/MA (colloid) 200 Water 4550 The charge was agitated at 300 r.p.m. and 54 C. with a maximum pressure of 100 p.s.i. for 9 /2 hours. The residual pressure was then vented, the pentane and unreacted monomers stripped, and the kettle drained. An 85% yield of fine powder was obtained. This polymer, after purification, showed a relative viscosity of 1.242 measured at 0.5% concentration in cyclohexanone at 25 C.
The resulting polymer was a fine particle powder which could be blended with plasticizers and fillers without further grinding. The following Compositions A and B are representative. Both were easily and rapidly dispersed on a two-roll rubber mill with the front roll running at 132 C. and the back roll at 99 C. When the milled compositions were passed through a calender at about 92 C., they clung to the calender roll after only one pass, this behavior being characteristic of easyprocessing resins which flux thoroughly in the presence of the plasticizer.
Composition A Parts Example 3 product 19 Flexol 426, dicyclohexyl phthalate (plasticizer) 6 Dibutyl tin dilaurate (stabilizer) 2 Stearic acid (lubricant) 0.25 Titanium dioxide (pigment) 2 Asbestos fibers (filler) 22.00 Fibrous talc (filler) 22.75
Asbestos powder (filler) 24.50
Composition B Parts Example 3 product Di-Z-ethylhexyl phthalate (plasticizer) 44 Epoxidized soy bean oil (plasticizer) 9 Calcium carbonate 290 Titanium dioxide 25 Asbestos 290 Normal lead salicylate (Normasal) 6 Dibasic lead stearate (DS-207) 1 EXAMPLE4 The formulation was exactly as in Example 3 except that (1) the colloid was changed to a mixture of sodium polyacrylate (Polyco 296N) in 5% aqueous solution,
75 parts, and polyacrylic acid (Acrysol A-1) in 25% aqueous solution, 15 parts, and (2) the surfactant dioctyl sodium sulfosuccinate was used in 5% aqueous solution, 40 parts.
The above formulation was polymerized as described in Example 3. The reaction product was recovered in the form of loosely agglomerated granules which could be easily washed, handled, dried, and ground in an impact type mill. After being ground, the fine particle polymer was found to compound easily with plasticizer; on a two-roll rubber mill it produced a sheet free of flaws and undispersed particles in a short period of time. The heat stability was very good.
EXAMPLE 5 A charge was made and processed exactly as in Example 3 except that the copolymer used as the protective colloid was neutralized to pH 7 with sodium hydroxide before introduction into the mixture. During polymerization the pH fell from 7.0 to 5.2. The final product was similar to that of Example 3, except that the heat stability of the Example 5 product was remarkably better.
EXAMPLE 6 A charge was made and processed exactly as described in Example 3 except that, to the PVM/MA, there were added 5 parts of the copolymer of ethylene oxide (25 parts) and propylene oxide (75) of molecular weight about 2,000 (Pluronie-L-62). An 82% yield of fine powder was obtained. The powder, after purification, showed a relative viscosity of 1.238 measured at 0.5% concentration in cyclohexanone and at 25 C. This fine particle powder compounded with plasticizers and fillers, without grinding or pulverizing. A composition made up of this product in accordance with the formula of composition A above was easily dispersible and processable on a rubber mill and calender.
EXAMPLE 7 The effect of the precipitating agent in diminishing the molecular weight is shown in this example.
It is seen that the relative viscosity, a measure of the molecular weight, has decreased by 0.065 unit when the pentane was increased from 37.5% based on monomers to 50%.
7 EXAMPLE 8 The procedure and composition of any of the Examples 1-7 are used except that the mixture of monomers there recited is replaced, in turn, by an equal weight of (1) vinyl chloride, by (2) any one of the other single carbonto'carbon double bond polymerizable monomers shown herein, and by (3) a mixture of two or more of any of such monomers.
EXAMPLE 9 The procedure and composition of any of the Examples 18 are used except that the catalyst of each of those examples is replaced by an equal weight of any of the other catalysts disclosed herein.
EXAMPLE 10 The procedure and composition of any of the Examples 1-9 are used with the substitution of an equal weight of any of the other liquid hydrocarbons disclosed herein as polymer precipitating agents for the liquid hydrocarbon of each of the said examples.
EXAMPLE 11 The procedure and composition of Examples 110 are used with the substitution of an equal proportion of any of the other colloids disclosed herein for the colloid of each of the said examples.
Another product is made when the protective colloid is replaced by an equal Weight of a copolymer consisting of 50 mole percent methyl methacrylate copolymerized with 50 mole percent methacrylic acid. The copolymer is used at a concentration of 0.2% in water, there being added sodium hydroxide to a pH of approximately 8.
It will be understood that it is intended to cover all changes and modifications of the examples of the invention herein chosen for the purpose of illustration which do not constitute departures from the spirit and scope of the invention.
We claim:
1. In suspension polymerization to produce a low molecular weight polymer in the form of fine non-agglomerated particles, the process which comprises forming a solution containing 100 parts by weight of a monomer selected from the group consisting of vinyl halides, vinyl esters, and mixtures thereof; 10-100 parts by weight of a C C liquid alkane hydrocarbon precipitating agent for the polymer to be produced from the monomer; 0.01- parts of a protective colloid selected from the group consisting of gelatin, polyvinyl alcohol, methyl cellulose, copolymers of vinyl acetate-maleic anhydride,
of C C alky1'vinyl ethers-maleic anhydride, of'styrenemaleic anhydride, and of vinyl alcohol-vinyl acetate; and 0.1-3 parts of a monomer soluble polymerization catalyst selected from the group consisting of benzoyl-, lauroyl-, dichlorobenzoyl-, and methylethyl ketone peroxides, tbutyl hydroperoxide, and azo-bis-diisobutyronitrile; agitating said solution with -1,000 parts of water to suspend said solution as droplets in a discontinuous phase, heating the suspension to a temperature of 20-150 C. until polymerization is effected, and then separating the polymer from other materials present in the reaction mixture.
2. In suspension polymerization to produce low molecular weight polyvinyl chloride in the form of fine nonagglomerated particles, the process which comprises forming a solution containing, in parts by Weight, parts of vinyl chloride monomer, 10-100 parts of pentane, 0.015 parts of a vinyl alcohol-vinyl acetate copolymer, and 0.1-3 parts of lauroyl peroxide, agitating said solution with 100-400 parts of water to suspend said solution as droplets in a discontinuous phase, heating the suspension to a temperature of 20 15 0 C. until polymerization is effected, and then separating the polymer from other materials present in the reaction mixture.
3. In suspension polymerization to produce a copolymer of vinyl chloride and vinyl acetate in the form of fine non-agglomerated particles, the process which comprises forming a solution containing, in parts by weight, 100 parts of a mixture of vinyl chloride and vinyl acetate monomers, 10-100 parts of pentane, 0.01-5 parts of a vinyl alcohol-vinyl acetate low molecular weight copolymer, and 0.1-3 parts of lauroyl peroxide, agitating said solution with 100-400 parts of water to suspend said solution as droplets in a discontinuous phase, heating the suspension to a temperature of 20-150 C. until polymerization is efiiected, and then separating the polymer from other materials present in the reaction mixture.
References Cited in the file of this patent UNITED STATES PATENTS 2,388,600 Collins Nov. 6, 1945 2,388,602 Kiar Nov. 6, 1945 2,398,344 Collins et a1. Apr. 16, 1946 2,434,054 Roedel Ian. 6, 1948 2,599,640 Joyce June 10, 1952 2,675,370 Barrett Apr. 13, 1954 2,719,143 Van Dijk et a1 Sept. 27, 1955 2,875,186 Gerhard et al Feb. 24, 1959 2,875,187 Gerhard Feb. 24, 1959
|Cited Patent
|Filing date
|Publication date
|Sep 4, 1942
|Nov 6, 1945
|Shawinigan Chem Ltd
|Polymerization in emulsion
|Sep 4, 1942
|Nov 6, 1945
|Shawinigan Chem Ltd
|Polymerization of vinyl esters in emulsion
|Nov 11, 1942
|Apr 16, 1946
|Shawinigan Chem Ltd
|Stable emulsions of vinyl esters
|Mar 20, 1943
|Jan 6, 1948
|Du Pont
|Modified polymers of open chain monoethylenically unsaturated compounds having a terminal methylene group
|Aug 4, 1944
|Jun 10, 1952
|Du Pont
|Copolymers of chlorotrifluoroethylene, an olefinic hydrocarbon and a vinyl carboxylate
|Jun 28, 1950
|Apr 13, 1954
|Monsanto Chemicals
|Continuous polymerization processes and resulting products
|Jan 5, 1952
|Sep 27, 1955
|Shell Dev
|Process for polymerizing unsaturated compounds in an aqueous medium
|Dec 9, 1954
|Feb 24, 1959
|Firestone Tire & Rubber Co
|Process for polymerizing vinyl chloride in the presence of methyl cellulose gelatin and inert solvent
|Feb 1, 1957
|Feb 24, 1959
|Firestone Tire & Rubber Co
|Suspension polymerization using sorbitol, methyl cellulose and gelatin
|Citing Patent
|Filing date
|Publication date
|Sep 12, 1967
|Jul 23, 1968
|Nat Distillers Chem Corp
|Separation of vinyl acetate from cyclohexane by extractive distillation
|Mar 24, 1975
|Aug 17, 1976
|Continental Oil Company
|Steam distillation of polyvinyl chlorine slurry in presence of metal salt
|Feb 23, 1994
|Jul 18, 1995
|Ausimont S.P.A.
|Radical (co)polymerization process of fluorinated olefinic monomers
|Mar 31, 1994
|Oct 3, 1995
|Eastman Kodak Company
|Method of making polymeric particles
|Mar 16, 1995
|Apr 23, 1996
|Ausimont S.P.A.
|Process for preparing thermoplastic hydrogen-containing fluoropolymers
|Mar 16, 1995
|Oct 29, 1996
|Ausimont, S.P.A.
|(co)polymerization process in suspension for preparing hydrogen containing thermoplastic fluoropolymers
|Mar 2, 2006
|Dec 6, 2011
|Wacker Chemie Ag
|Use of silicon oxide compounds as free-flow agents in the production of solid polyvinyl acetate resins
|Mar 2, 2006
|Sep 24, 2009
|Wacker Polymer Systems Gmbh & Co. Kg
|Use of silicon oxide compounds as free-flow agents in the production of solid polyvinyl acetate resins
|Jul 9, 1998
|Jan 27, 1999
|SOLVAY (Soci�t� Anonyme)
|Process for the manufacture of halogenated polymers and halogenated polymers obtained therewith
|U.S. Classification
|526/199, 526/330, 526/202, 526/203, 526/910, 526/207, 526/200
|International Classification
|Cooperative Classification
|European Classification

subset: commoncrawl


text:
Comments about '$54M military contract results in fraud, bribery indictment with Utah ties'
- Oldest first
- Newest first
- Most recommended
casual observer
Salt Lake City, UT
While solders are dying and the country is going into debt, these men profit illegally. The justice system needs to bring its full weight on people of this character.
- 4:07 p.m. Aug. 22, 2012
- Like (1)
- Report abuse
Bronx, NY
wait I thought only the companies contracting for services with the government that republicans hate did this. silly me
- 8:44 p.m. Aug. 22, 2012
- Like (1)
- Report abuse
Login to comment
DeseretNews.com encourages a civil dialogue among its readers. We welcome your thoughtful comments.
— About comments
What You May Have Missed
Most Popular
Across Site
In Utah
- What Utah voters need to know for the 2016...
- Poll: Trump up over Clinton in Utah, but lead...
- Two arrested in dangerous Taylorsville chase,...
- Celebrate July 4 at South Salt Lake Freedom...
- Logan toddler killed in driveway accident...
- UTA offers late TRAX, S-Line service for Utah...
- Dam project forces closure of Tibble Fork area
- Two arrested for allegedly siccing pit bull...
Most Commented
Across Site
In Utah
- Immigration ruling called hurtful, a... 75
- Nearly 70 percent of Utahns say Donald... 62
- Poll: Trump up over Clinton in Utah,... 43
- Love won't go to GOP national convention 27
- ACLU sues the state over inadequate... 26
- Utah GOP brings up father's bank... 25
- U. stadium gets bigger scoreboard,... 23
- Rio Grande neighborhood 'more unsafe... 21


text:
Not to be confused with the straight cut shift, the sheath dress is in a category all its own, known for its figure-hugging fit and sleeveless, cocktail-length cut. The sheath is quite possibly the most versatile dress out there, as it can be worn to work with a simple jacket and taken directly out to cocktails thereafter. Stock your closet this fall with some of the best sheath dresses for the weekend, the workday, and a night on the town.
For more top picks, check out our guides to maxi dresses, summer dresses and celebrity dresses.


text:
SARS Legal and Policy
The South African Revenue Service (SARS) does not require taxpayers to submit supporting documents with their returns. The only time when taxpayers should submit supporting documents is when requested to do so by SARS.
They will be notified to do so via an official letter which will be posted to them or an electronic notification will be sent to their eFiling profile. Please note that taxpayers are only required to submit copies, not the originals, of the requested supporting documents. If taxpayers submit supporting documents that have not been requested by SARS these will be returned to them with a rejection letter.
Note, however, that taxpayers are required to keep the original documents for at least five years in case SARS needs access to them in the future.
Click here to access the notice.
2016/07/122016 VAT Fundamentals - Johannesburg
2016/07/132016 BDO: Transfer Pricing Workshop - Johannesburg
2016/07/132016 VAT Fundamentals - Durban
2016/07/142016 VAT Fundamentals - Pretoria
20 hours agoRegulations on carbon tax offsets give some clarity
2016/06/28Making friends of foes to improve tax compliance
2016/06/28Requests by SARS for relevant material
2016/06/28Five things you should know about tax season
Section 240A of the Tax Administration Act, 2011 (as amended) requires that all tax practitioners register with a recognized controlling body before 1 July 2013. It is a criminal offense to not register with both a recognized controlling body and SARS.
The Act requires that a minimum academic and practical requirments be set to register with a controlling body. Click here for the minimum requirements of SAIT.


text:
ray ban cats 5000 ies,Obviously have to alter the actual transition。How to adjust your changeover?Smartly speaking,That look at ought to be within the brand-new competitive environment、Repositioned under the brand-new industry demand。
Time flies,Time flies。In the actual passing quietly,Off once more in the annual,Various organizations began to coordinate the annual year-end party。With the roll-out of
nd associated with facts and figures are involved in waste materials fingertips.
ould like a correct outlook Chicago tênis oakley
er conditions. Just the thing for safeguarding the eyes which is very fashionable.. wonderful price tag also and then for A couple of sets..
excellent selection of attention wear, great affordable might definately reccomend this device to others, fast delievery just need the particular
sun to try these out and about
This is a extremely classy set of two men's wayfarer sunglasses. The framework is made of a substantial experience, difficult black coloured plastic-type material. The actual knobs for that arms have a very clean, sound activity as well as really prescription eyeglass framesacles vintage shades top quality manufacturer sunglasses free freight
2015 Brand new Warm Fashion Summer season Fashion Vintage sun shades women 60's Extra-large Designer Colors Leopard Shades 3=Colors SV006558
2015 fresh summer women eyeglasses Coquette 1k fashion sun shades feminine shades Women sun shades
Brand new 2015 Trend Summer season Mens Polarized Sunglasses Sport Multicolor Polaroid classical ellipse glasses
Brand-new birth ladies ladies springtime summe babyliss big hair shippingrn yourself with all of them getting squashed as this case is difficult!
We do not brain the big measurement, as long as it does the job. Also i somewhat such as the 'distressed' appearance of the actual material.
I must report audio from time to time as well as for decades lugged about a fly fishing reel Nagra, long afterwards it got slipped beyond sight throughou Boston cheap oakleys for sale
r season type luxurious model pra sunglasses men women oversized sun wine glass rare metal shape blue zoom lens lunette p soleil
Free freight Trend Summer Glasses UV400 protection Sunlight wine glass Gafas Signifiant Sol Eyesight Sочки -2hey arrived has been a few precisely what unsuitable and could have got easily got damaged..this specific staying mentioned..... i did obtain all of them throughout perfect condition.
showed up quickly, seem a lttle bit del oakley oculos de sol officialation but not before solving our shoesal concerns. It's an entirely noiseless, subvocal type of speech.
get action,Formulat
ole within regulatingTCell ranges may drop,Resulting from the efficient performing from the disease fighting capability may not。
In addition,Iron is an integral part involving hemoglobin,Increase iron intake,Can promote the particular combination of hemoglobin,Promote side-line circulation,Avoid chilly arms and f www.cadomel.co.uk
what is
inistrative asst, she has genuinely proven her correct skillsets within bagsing given that the girl commenced joining each of our each week idea meetings this season. Therefore, they should employ a offender sneakers. This is why we have an demanding traveling program to the desperate! 15 Troubleshooting Regarding Apple ipad ChargingQ: Apple ipad tablet 1st asking difficulty !: apshades sunglassesized shades come in manner right now. I like them they've got grown in me personally! I'm glad I aquired these now. These are quite Audrey Hepburn!
Incredible sun glasses. Large
, and not outrageous. Certainly not weighty in any respect. Only point I've noticed is they can easily take a seat in close pro oakley juliet cataloguesple in a handbag, nevertheless in any other case I'd absolutely buy this kind of manufacturer yet again.
I acquired these glasses as a result of getting vision surgical treatment as well as necessary eyeglasses which halted the particular insights from the sunlight. Very good quality at the sensible price tag.
We are happy


text:
Babes chubby fingeringBlonde lesbians please each other with skillful pussy drilling
Latinomom mother wifeTiana rose
Breast film sceneMeredith baxter my breast
Deepthroat group sex brunetteAfter a rapid prayer, this mormon plumbs his three wifes.
Smoking120 smoking wife
Blowjobs matures upskirtsHot Milf Zoey
Babes high heels long hairTall babe in heels fucks herseld shitless with a huge dildo
Babes big tits lesbianMy Son's gf
Babe gorgeous milfMy Frat banged My mom
Mom mother wifeRocks
Anal babes big titsHot housewife Mandy Dee drills oiled anal and pussy with toys
Babes long hair lesbianTwo blonde lezzies play a lesbian game with their brunette girlfriend
Wife shared friendWife shared with friend
Homemade first timeNervous first time amateurs
Amateur doggystyle matureMy Super Sexy Mature Step Mom Wants To Fuck
MatureWaking up my aunt
Big tits blonde cumshotMy mom The banger
Blowjobs bukkake facialsMOJ
Upskirt sleeping brunettesSkinny Ellen gets her gaping ass hole brutally fucked
Amateur brunettesMan nextdoor fuckin my wife
BdsmMistress Sade
Massage oiled small titsSuper-cute black-haired gets her snatch pounded after a rubdown
Homemade orgasm bigWife jerking out a big load from big cock
Raven riley fleshlightRaven riley uses a fleshlight
Brunette bustyBooby With A opportunity Of Showers
Amateur cuckold interracialHusband Shares Redhead Wife with BBC
Mom wife housewifeJayma ried cheats
Anal deepthroat stockingsWife Pays Husbands Card Bet Geting Double Pounded
Beach milfs public nudityNaked on the beach in Holland
House wife milfHot horney house wife milf fucks herself with a dildo close up
Amateur milfs threesomesSharing My Wife.
Cuckold interracial wifeHusband films petite wife on bbc
SoftcoreIntimate Strangers - Physical Desire
Big cock homemadeWife gives into bbc lover. pathetic husband films.
Big tits blonde fingeringWhile My beau Is Sleeping, Grandma Was finger-tickling Her moist cooter
Amateur outdoor pov (point of view)Tubing My pecker !
Sharing share sharedSharing his petite wife with a black stranger as husband films t
Puffy nipples redhead long hairSlim bombshell Natalie fervor heats uses her talented fingers and a vibro on her shaved cunny fo
Drunk stranger partyDrunk girl gets fucked by a stranger during a party
Old + young teensMe my brother then Papa
Babe ffm milfMy Stepmom the manage pervert
CuckoldHusband watches classy wife with guys
Pornstar anal threesomeMother Tells Her girl To Shut Up & Let Her pulverize Her husband!
Babe lingerie pornstarAttempting On My Sister's spouse
Amateur black and ebony cuckoldHe Watch His Wife With A Black Bull
Interracial petite analMilky Teen's Step daddy Wants To drill Her cock-squeezing bulls eye On web cam
Amateur brunettes webcamsMy wife fucking our friend...
Lingerie softcore stockingsWhite Lace Lingerie
Babe big tits gorgeousJism In Me, Not On My bed
Big ass big tits analScrew My rectum Chute
Anal doggystyle officeOffice Babe Gets Used As A Fucking Post After Work
Asian japanese maturesThe step mom came to my home today.
BlondeAfter their gf leave them alone, they go insatiable
Babe big tits milfMy mom The Clothes mega-slut
Amateur cuckold interracialSlutty White Wife fucked by big black cock
Homemade mom motherFuck with my wife in forest
Homemade kinkyMy wife talking dirty!
Anal old + young teensMy Daddy's Friend...F70
Bisexual anal threesomeMarried man tears up A youthfull Boy While His wife gargles His hard-on
Mature wife cheatMature mom faith or lust
Wife share sharedWife and husband and friend
Interracial hardcore hairyAdorable ebony nymph With Lots Of Hair On Her twat enjoys nailing
Amateur flashing public nudityExhibitionist collection 32
Amateur bdsm blowjobsBlowjob canings
Black and ebony cream pie cuckoldHot wife with big black cock cuckold
Wife mature swingersFriend fucking my wife
Brunette stockings toysNikki Daniels uses humongous faux-cock & massager to cum rigid!
Amateur homemadeSizzling amateur orgy before the departure
College coeds coedCollege sorority bitches use dildo
Amateur fingering masturbationMy wife masturbation
Amateur nipples showersHUNGARIAN MY WIFE PUFFY NIPPLES
Amateur hairy masturbationMy new boots
Amateur blowjobsBusty wife ridding
Amateur fingeringMy princess


text:
Andre Villas-Boas sacked as Tottenham manager
Andre Villas-Boas has been sacked as manager of Tottenham, the club has announced.
Andre Villas-Boas has been sacked as manager of Tottenham, the club has announced.
Tottenham Hotspurs midfielder Mousa Dembele has said the sacking of manager Andre Villas-Boas has affected the whole squad, according to the Evening Standard.
The Belgian told the newspaper: "I think everyone feels guilty and that's a normal thing. It's a team sport, it's not one guy who is responsible, everybody is.
"It has been very tough [over the past few days]. We're used to training under Villas-Boas and see him every day. It's a new change so we have to adapt. We're used to another manager and now we have this one, but everybody is still positive. You could see that out on the pitch [against West Ham]."
Pregnant woman who was labour has had her "phone snatched while calling for and ambulance to hospital".
It will be increasingly cloudy this evening, with sporadic outbreaks of rain or drizzle spreading in during the first half of the night.
A derelict north London garage has gone on sale for £360,000 - more than the cost of a flat on the same road.


text:
You Asked, We Found: Star Looks
We found the looks you can't stop talking about! Get the scoop on where to buy them and how to get the looks for less
Credit: Gamepiks
Updated: Wednesday Feb 03, 2010 | 06:00 PM EST By: Andrea DeSimone
More from PEOPLE
Latest News!
- Eva Longoria Will Receive Walk of Fame Star the Same Year as Her 'Idol' Selena Quintanilla: 'I Know I Will Receive It Because You Dared to Dream It First'
- Read the Cover Story: Mystery in Idaho: Little Boy Lost
- Fergie Releases Hot New Track 'M.I.L.F. $' – Listen Here!
- Nation's Oldest Park Ranger, 94, Robbed and Beaten in Her California Home
- FROM TIME: Cinemark Attorneys Want Aurora Shooting Victims to Cover $700,000 in Legal Fees


text:
Green Acres TV Show Watchlist
Season 3, Episode 1 The Man for the Job
Flashbacks trace Oliver and Lisa's early days in Hooterville. Oliver: Eddie Albert. Watkins: J. Pat O'Malley. Lisa: Eva Gabor. Eb: Tom Lester. Hank: Alvy Moore. Sam: Frank Cady.
Guest Cast
J. Pat O'Malley J. Pat O'Malley Watkins
Cast & Details See all »
- Rating: TV-G
- Premise: A popular, broadly played hoot about a city couple enjoying life down on the farm. The show came on the heels of `Petticoat Junction' and `The Beverly Hillbillies,' making CBS the place to be for cornpone comedy in the 1960s. Regulars from `Acres' and `Jun… (more)
Trending TonightSee all »
The Real Housewives of New York City8:00 pm | BRAVOI'll Watch981 Watching
Wayward Pines9:00 pm | FOXI'll Watch414 Watching
Big Brother8:00 pm | CBSI'll Watch384 Watching
Green Acres: Season 2
By MGM/United ArtistsBuy New: $13.99
Green Acres - Seasons 1-3
By MGM / United ArtistsBuy New: $44.93
Green Acres: Season 1
By MGM/United ArtistsBuy New: $13.99
Popular Shows
- 1. Game of Thrones
- 2. Castle
- 3. Jane the Virgin
- 4. Dancing with the Stars
- 5. Empire
- 6. The Flash
- 7. The Blacklist
Popular Movies
Popular Celebrities
- 1. Kit Harington
- 2. Gina Rodriguez
- 3. Emilia Clarke
- 4. Tom Hiddleston
- 5. Hayley Atwell
- 6. Michael Weatherly
- 7. Melissa Benoist


text:
Affluent Lifestyle Guide
You might like Best Runway Models >
Sir Richard Branson, the founder and CEO of Virgin Galactic, will permit passengers to use digital currency to pay for flights into space on his commercial spacecraft, The Next Web reports.
Branson also took the time to say that he owns some Bitcoin currency and that he recommends that people consider it as an investment.
More on digital currency: VentureBeat reported this week that an online course on digital currency is going to be available in Greece at the University of Nicosia soon. Is digital currency the next "gold standard" commodity?
"For people who can afford to invest a little in Bitcoins, it's worth looking into," he added.
Ralph Lauren Cuts Stores and JobsStarwood Gets Snapchat SavvyTag Heuer Continues Courting ChinaFerrari Struggles Since Going PublicSeoul Vetted as "Future Luxury" Hub by Condé Nast InternationalWhat Millennials Look For in Luxury Watches & Jewelry


text:
Building information modeling (BIM) is rapidly emerging as the standard coordination and design method of the future. It won't be long before we look back and wonder how we survived without it.
© 2003 - 2016. All Rights Reserved.
Electrical Contractor: 3 Bethesda Metro Center, Suite 1100, Bethesda, MD. 20814-5372 | Phone: 301.657.3110 | Fax: 301.215.4501


text:
Tatoeba needs help to re-design the website to be mobile-friendly! If you have experience in UI/UX design, please contact Trang at email@example.com.
We are also continuously looking for developers. If you are interested to contribute to a non-profit open source project, please read our guide on how to join the dev team.
Thank you!
TagsView all tags
- date unknown
There was a large crowd in the park.
- date unknown
linked to #174043
- une_monica
- 2011-06-10 04:06
linked to #931877
- marcelostockle
- 2011-10-07 19:49
linked to #1160469
Sentence #240427
You cannot translate sentences because you did not add any language in your profile.Add a language
▼ Show 6 more translations


text:
1200 Reviews
$1000 Protection*
I was very pleased with my purchase and highly recommend this company to anyone needing a part for their Masterbilt smoker.
Nat twin valve 45-degree s5
Fits s5
Nat twin valve 45o
Broilmaster: S5
This part may fit other models. Please contact us if you require additional assistance.
Our warehouse is stocked full of parts for all kinds of appliances.
Questions? Just ask - No call centers!
We are a USA business based in Denver, Colorado and we stand fully behind our products and service


text:
BodyVerde announced in an October press release that EZ Waterless Shave will be the official shave cream of BFFL Co's Prostate BFFLBag®.
"We're honored that BFFL Co. chose EZ Waterless Shave to provide to prostate cancer patients," said BodyVerde founder Sue Donnellan. "The safe, gentle formula works well in a hospital or home recovery setting, as there is no need to lather or rinse for a smooth shave."
What Is A BFFL Bag?
More Testimonials →
If you are looking for just the right thing for someone going in for a mastectomy, look no further. This bag had everything I needed and more! I love skinceuticals and all of the great stuff. I used the drain log and all of the supplies. This is a great, great gift for a friend with breast cancer. I also love the name Best Friends for Life.


text:
Your name
Your email
Recipient's Name
Recipient's Email
Here's a fun quilt pattern I designed at eQuilter.
They have the best fabrics and patterns.
If you Log in to your wish list, your items will also appear in the fabric selector.
Click on Add to Cart when your pattern is ready.
Customize your pattern by dragging thumbnail images to the pattern.
Pattern designed by Cyndi Hershey, courtesy of Quilting Treasures.
Angela Overend, New Zealand
September 17, 2013
Kimberley Reeman, Cobham, England
January 26, 2012
Sharolyn Quick, Flagstaff, AZ
February 3, 2016
Cathy Basdekis, Longmeadow, MA
October 25, 2013


text:
Find Your Flow, And Then You Grow
The author of Flow and Creativity, Mihaly Csikszentmihalyi, teaches some powerful tools that help us get into Flow, that state of creativity, invention, focus and productivity. It's also a way to experience joy, peak experiences and freedom from anxiety and boredom.
How do we actually do it, though? Rickey Larson will share some stories of how he used some of these concepts and tools as a successful comic, celebrity impersonator, and improv actor. He will also guide us through a few easy and engaging exercises drawn from the entertainment world of improv that can help us taste Flow and gain some practical experience in increasing our ability to get into it more often.
Bobby James will continue the discussion into how we design, build, and integrate systems to help us to experience Flow within our day-to-day business activities so that we don't take on too much too soon, and if we accidentally do, we can rise to the occasion. Come join us to experience some fun and learn how, over the long-haul, you can actually get a lot more done.
With a smile of enthusiasm,
Rickey Larson
Your Friendly Workshop Collaborator
Follow-up thought: Maybe "Going with the Flow" involves accepting just the right amount of the challenges provided, in this moment, without taking on too much. Avoiding too many of the opportunities of the moment seems to bring about boredom. "Taking things easy", finding the edge of boredom, and then embracing a little extra challenge, keeps us progressing, in the zone, and up to date (or ahead) on being contributive and maybe even fun to work with. What thoughts have you had since our meetup?
0 · January 29, 2014
Bobby is a blast to work with. The group of fellow Successful Life Builders were very supportive and great to work with. And, I appreciated the chance to share some thoughts and explore some experiences together. As for the space , it was great, other than the Miller Campus accidentally locking us out of the much bigger room we were planning on being in to do our activities.
0 · January 25, 2014
Great job Rickey. You kept it simple and easy to apply into our individual situation. I love being able to visualize and measure results. The example of the L graff allows me to do just that with any task I am tackling. Thanks to everyone for your participation. Great interaction.
0 · January 24, 2014
It was a good time. Sorry I had to rush out, I was not feeling well.
0 · January 24, 2014
For a first-timer, I really enjoyed the evening. Great people, great energy. It's nice to be around positive people. Thanks and see you soon.
0 · January 24, 2014
Meetup members, Log in
By clicking "Sign up" or "Sign up using Facebook", you confirm that you accept our Terms of Service & Privacy Policy


text:
Articles from RotoWire's fantasy archives that mention George Springer's name.
June 21, 2016
DraftKings MLB: Tuesday Picks
Citi Field looks ripe for home runs on Tuesday, and Alex Spalding is focusing on Curtis Granderson against opposing starter Ian Kennedy.
June 18, 2016
FanDuel MLB: Saturday Value Plays
Sasha Yodashkin checks out Saturday's slate and thinks Trevor Story is getting too big a road discount given his performance away from Coors Field so far this season.
June 12, 2016
DraftKings MLB: Sunday Picks
Lorenzo Cain has been a bit quiet recently, but Juan Blanco explains why he could break out Sunday against the White Sox.
June 9, 2016
FanDuel MLB: Thursday Value Plays
Thursday's nine-game slate is fairly light but James Seltzer still found plenty of players who could pay off, such as the Rangers' Rougned Odor.
June 1, 2016
DVR's Top 350: June Update
Gregory Polanco is among the biggest risers on the update Top 350 rankings, with 50-plus games in the books for each club.
May 28, 2016
DraftKings MLB: Saturday Picks
Zack Cozart is hitless in his last 11 at-bats, but RotoWire's Juan Blanco explains why the Reds shortstop is worth fantasy consideration Saturday against the Brewers.
May 18, 2016
DraftKings MLB: Wednesday Picks
RotoWire's Chris Olson explains why Bartolo Colon has a better-than-expected matchup Wednesday against the Nationals, making him a solid fantasy option.
May 12, 2016
Regan's Rumblings: Revised Top 100 Fantasy Players
Stricken by writer's block, Dave Regan instead shifts his rumblings this week toward an updated rankings list of his Top 100 MLB fantasy players.
May 11, 2016
Farm Futures: Eastern League Hitters Roundup
James Anderson checks in on some Double-A hitting prospects, including a pair of Indians outfielders who have changed their approach in 2016.
May 3, 2016
DVR's Top 350: May Update
This time last year, Michael Conforto was in the Mets' minor league system. Where does he check in on the May update of the Top 350?
April 28, 2016
The Saber's Edge: Assessing Skills Growth, and Decline
Jeff Zimmerman analyzes hitters who have seen a skills growth or a skills decline this season and what it means for fantasy owners. Is time to give up on Justin Upton?
April 24, 2016
Mike Moustakas has had some big games recently and Juan Carlos Blanco explains why DFS players should stay with him Sunday against the Orioles.
April 20, 2016
Chris Archer's early-season struggles could have people fading him Wednesday, but Chris Olson explains why he's worth serious fantasy consideration.
April 19, 2016
FanDuel MLB: Tuesday Value Plays
Juan Carlos Blanco likes the bargain price on Ryan Howard, at home against inexperienced righty Logan Verrett, as part of a Phillies value stack
Jose Altuve is one of the most expensive options on Tuesday's slate, but RotoWire's Alex Spalding explains why he's worth the investment.
April 6, 2016
FanDuel MLB: Wednesday Value Plays
Adrian Gonzalez is off to another hot April, and RotoWire's Neil Parker explains how one of his teammates can make building a lineup much easier Wednesday.
April 4, 2016
DraftKings MLB: Monday Picks
There are eight outfielders more expensive than Bryce Harper for Monday's slate of games onDraftKings, and RotoWire's Christopher Olson is taking full advantage.
March 22, 2016
Collette Calls: AL Tout Wars Recap
Plans A and B went out the window early. Was Jason Collette able to adjust and build a winner in last weekend's AL Tout Wars auction?
March 20, 2016
Collette Calls: NL Predictions
Jason Collette looks into his crystal ball for each team in the National League. Will Yasiel Puig rebound with a new manager in Los Angeles or is he doomed to disappoint?
February 29, 2016
NFBC Trends: Speed Kills
Greg Ambrosius talks about the incredible drop in stolen bases and the vanishing group of 20-20 players in baseball. Could George Springer join that class this year?
February 26, 2016
Team Previews: AL West
Paul Sporer provides in-depth previews for all five teams in the American League West. Can Mike Trout keep the Angels out of the division basement?
January 18, 2016
The RotoWire 200: 2016 Overall Rankings
Is Carlos Correa a top-10 pick in 2016? RotoWire Senior Editor Jeff Erickson shares his January installment of the RotoWire 200.
December 22, 2015
Collette Calls: Examining Skill Growth
Jason Collette examines a number of key stats to discuss which players could be headed for a breakout in 2016, including the Royals' Lorenzo Cain, who is making more hard contact and hitting more fly balls.
September 29, 2015
Ronny Mor says Albert Pujols is too cheap to ignore today.
September 19, 2015
Weekly Hitter Rankings: Pale Hose Double-Dip
Erik Siegrist ranks the hitter matchups this week with the White Sox on top thanks to a doubleheader.
September 18, 2015
Regan's Rumblings: Potential 2016 Breakouts
David Regan looks ahead once again to possible 2016 breakouts, and thinks the Royals' Mike Moustakas is ready to take his game to the next level
September 14, 2015
MLB Barometer: The Home Stretch
Ryan Rufe has some upgrades and downgrades to help you finish strong, featuring the amazing Seager brothers.
September 10, 2015
Regan's Rumblings: 2016 Top 100
David Regan looks ahead to 2016 and offers an early peek at his top 100. Can Bryce Harper dethrone Mike Trout for the top spot?
September 4, 2015
Saturday Lineup Card: Top of the Morneau to You
Chris Benzine discusses why Justin Morneau may be worth a pickup now that he's back from the disabled list, plus more in Saturday's lineup card.
September 1, 2015
Wednesday Lineup Card: September Promotions Abound
Advanced Search
All-Time Fantasy Baseball Team
Ask An Expert – Fantasy Baseball
Auction Values – Custom
Auction Values – Custom Tiers
Auction Values – Earned
Batting Orders
Cheat Sheets
Cheat Sheets – AL-Only
Cheat Sheets – NL-Only
Cheat Sheets – Foreign
Closer Situations
Daily Lineups
Depth Charts
Draft Kit
Draft Software
Draft Software (Mac)
Draft Strategy
Fantasy 101
Games by Position
How to Play Fantasy Baseball
Injuries – MLB
Injuries – AL Only
Injuries – NL Only
Injuries – By Team
Injuries – By Position
Lineup Card
Local Papers
MLB Box Scores
MLB Commissioner
MLB Standings
MLB Team Pages
News – Latest
News – AL Only
News – NL Only
News – Closers
News – Foreign Leagues
News – Free Agents
News – Minor Leagues
News – Recap
News – Top 100 MLB
News – Top 200 Prospects
Projected Starters
Projections – Rest Of Season
Projections – Daily
Projections – Weekly
Projections – Changes
Prospects – By Team
Prospects – Top 200
Rankings – Custom
Rankings – Custom Points
Rankings – Custom H2H Roto
Rankings – Custom H2H Points
Rankings – Expert Composite
Rankings + Outlooks
Rankings + Outlooks – Catchers
Rankings + Outlooks – First Base
Rankings + Outlooks – Second Base
Rankings + Outlooks – Shortstops
Rankings + Outlooks – Third Base
Rankings + Outlooks – Outfielders
Rankings + Outlooks – Starting Pitchers
Rankings + Outlooks – Relief Pitchers
Recent Debuts
Reliever Usage Report
Stats – Advanced
Stats – Batter v. Pitcher
Stats – Explanation
Stats – Second Half (Batters)
Stats – Second Half (Pitchers)
Stats – Spring Training
Stats – 3-Year Averages (Batters)
Stats – 3-Year Averages (Pitchers)
Team Previews
Weather Report for MLB Games
Fantasy Baseball Columns
120 Sports & RW Video
120 Sports DraftKings Advice
120 Sports FanDuel Advice
AL FAAB Factor
Collette Calls
DFS Baseball 101
DraftKings MLB
FanDuel MLB
Fantasy Baseball Injury Report
FantasyDraft MLB
Farm Futures
In Some Depth
Minor League Barometer
MLB Barometer
MLB Daily Games Strategy
Mound Musings
NL FAAB Factor
Pitching 3D
Regan's Rumblings
Short Hops Podcast
The Long Game
The Saber's Edge
The Wheelhouse
The Z Files
Toeing the Line
TYT Sports MLB Video
Umpire Analysis
Weekly Hitter Rankings
Weekly Pitcher Rankings


text:
Wednesday, November 9, 2005
October 19, 2005
Sometime in the next few weeks, all Hood River Valley residents will be receiving some important information in the mail from the Hood River Grower-Shipper Association.
You will receive an invitation to participate in an effort to address a problem with high significance to the fruit industry. This effort is called the Backyard Fruit Tree Project.
The goal of the project is to minimize the impact of unmanaged fruit trees on commercial fruit orchards. Pests that spread from these trees can foil the efforts of commercial growers to implement integrated pest management programs.
The project, which has been in planning since late 2003, shifted into implementation last spring. It is currently focused on codling moth, a key pest of pear and apple.
The project has several components.
One of the major ones is informing tree owners of their responsibility and options for complying with Hood River County Ordinance 263, which requires them to control pests on these trees.
This is being accomplished through an intensive outreach program which includes face to face visits from a HRGSA representative.
To coordinate those visits, the HRGSA developed a database of potentially problematic trees. This was done by conducting a valley-wide survey during bloom when the trees are most apparent.
As an incentive to remove unmanaged trees, the HRGSA is offering coupons, which are redeemable for non-fruit-bearing replacement plants from Good News Gardening and Gorge Nursery or for fresh fruit from Hood River Fruit Loop Members. In cases which residents would like to remove the trees but are physically unable to, the HRGSA will provide assistance with tree removal.
For those residents who are determined to maintain fruit trees, information on controlling key pests is provided along with an explanation of the challenges involved and an assurance that their success will be determined through follow-up visits.
According to HRGSA Executive Director Jean Godfrey, the community has been very receptive to the project, demonstrated by a high level of cooperation from fruit tree owners contacted this summer. The springtime bloom survey identified nearly 800 addresses with pear or apple trees, with an average of about four trees per address.
All of those residents have received a face to face visit or printed information explaining the project goals and how to participate. Nearly 200 tree owners have removed or are scheduled to remove fruit trees totaling close to 800 hundred trees.
The impact of unmanaged trees has become more significant in recent years because many Hood River orchardists are using an innovative approach, known as pheromone confusion or mating disruption, as the foundation of their codling moth control program.
One of the potential pitfalls of mating disruption, which is a non-chemical control, is that mated female codling moths can fly into an orchard and lay eggs on fruit, which is not protected with a conventional insecticide. Unmanaged pear, apple, and even crabapple trees can serve as reservoirs of mated females that ruin the efforts of growers to employ this environmentally friendly method of pest management.
The Backyard Fruit Tree Project has developed broad-based support from the tree fruit industry as well as from Hood River County government.
The Center for Agricultural Partnerships recognized the potential impact of this project, and has provided grant funding to support the project outreach efforts in addition to funds provided by the HRGSA membership.
The near term success of the HRGSA Backyard Fruit Tree Project and the long term success of orchard pest management practices such as mating disruption depend on a high level of citizen cooperation. For more information about the Backyard Fruit Tree Project, contact the HRGSA at 387-4769.
For information on controlling pests on fruit trees or selecting an appropriate replacement, contact the OSU Extension Service.
In the Hood River area, call 541-386-3343 or visit us on the Web at: http://extension.oregonstate.edu
More like this story
Latest stories
- Fun at the CGWA Beach Bash
- Yesteryears: Summer heatwave hits valley in 1936
- Roots and Branches: Grandkids, softball, memories
- 'Before I Die' encourages reflection
- Color Run for Haiti
- Keep fireworks legal, and safe
- Letters to the Editor for June 29
- 'Weed of the Month for June' is the invasive Scotch broom
- Pet of the Week: Jack is 'full of energy and fun'
- Fire season is here: enjoy yourself, safely and legally
Latest video:
Oil train car being transported by truck
A damaged rail car from the June 3, 2016 oil train derailment and fire is transported from the crash site via truck on I84. Enlarge


text:
Rating is based on user votes and site popularity.
Help out the Coupon Craze community by rating and commenting on your favorite stores!
Love the Site BuyMeBeauty, I go on the site every week great price great products
All EyeSave Coupons (26)
Saturday, September 24th, 2016 @ 11:00am PDT
All Bistro MD Coupons (12)
New Customers Only
All LensWay Coupons (8)
Some exclusions.
All Geeks Coupons (6)
All Vision Direct Coupons (19)


text:
Done with This One? Click Here for the Next Awesome Post!
Executive Pinstripe Hoodie
$148 Buy
Betabrand continues to make formal wear more comfortable with the Executive Pinstripe Hoodie. Its made of merino wool, a fabric used in suits, and has a fit that sits right between baggy and tailored.
More from Awesomer Media


text:
Thu, 12/12/2013 - 14:40
Harry Green has joined Houlihan Lokey's illiquid financial asset (IFA) practice as a director with a primary focus on transaction execution.
Green is based in New York, reporting to Jeff Hammer and Paul Sanabria, co-heads of IFA.
Green previously worked in the specialty finance and private portfolio group at Plainfield Asset Management, where he actively managed the specialty finance portfolio and ultimately was responsible for liquidation of these and other illiquid assets under the firm's management. For most of the prior decade he worked in private equity, most notably for six years at Doughty Hanson & Co.
"Houlihan Lokey's IFA practice continues to experience significant growth in the number and type of transactions we are executing – a growth which requires seasoned, experienced deal professionals to handle the increasing complexity of our business," says Hammer. "Harry Green is a perfect match for our business, as he has worked at both private equity and hedge funds and has a deeply engrained principal perspective that we believe makes for a better advisor. We're delighted that he's joined the team."
"Having experienced first-hand the IFA team's expertise and capabilities as a client, I am confident that I'm joining a first-class platform at Houlihan Lokey," says Green. "This is a particularly exciting time to be joining IFA given its current expansion plans and recent track record of success. I'm excited to be part of this group."
Wed 29/06/2016 - 16:35
Wed 29/06/2016 - 09:38
Wed 29/06/2016 - 09:36
Wed 29/06/2016 - 09:33
Thu 30/06/2016 - 15:18
Thu 30/06/2016 - 09:22
Thu, 30/Jun/2016 - 10:30
Thu, 30/Jun/2016 - 09:36
Thu, 30/Jun/2016 - 09:29
Thu, 30/Jun/2016 - 09:28
Thu, 30/Jun/2016 - 09:27
Thu, 30/Jun/2016 - 09:26


text:
Art Salon for Fertile Minds Message Board › Jan 9th gathering of Art Salon For Fertile Minds
|Wendy B.
user 8580067
Group Organizer
Minneapolis, MN
WELCOME to all our new and continued members of the Art Salon For Fertile Minds. Happy New Year and we look forward to many gatherings in 2013. Just to remind you, this Art Salon is an experiment, testing to see whether the topics that intrigue us have meaning and significance beyond a select few. We seek to create a time/space within which we can stir a lively, rigorous discussion about the state of art - local, national and international - yours, mine, and ours.
Wednesday, January 9th 6:30 - 9:00pm we'll entertain the practice of multiple art form production. In other words...
How does an artist or would-be-artist choose their means of expression and medium? Can/should an artist practice in more than one area: photography, painting, writing, etc?
Is it better to focus in on only one medium and work very deeply in that medium? Or do you follow the creative wind and dabble here and there? Who has had experiences in either or both of these practices? Please bring your experiences to share.
We look forward to seeing you January 9th at 6:30 p.m. Please arrive before 6:55p.m. as the doors are on auto-lock at 7p.m. If you do arrive late, please call the phone number posted on the door and someone will let you in. Any questions or ideas please contact email@example.com
FEBRUARY - being the month of LOVE, we will discuss the celebration of love in art.
Meetup members, Log in
By clicking "Sign up" or "Sign up using Facebook", you confirm that you accept our Terms of Service & Privacy Policy


text:
Tammy and Bruce Jolley both have an incredible talent for capturing the best in a moment, that second of time when everything is just right. Whether it's your smile, the sunset lighting that nature is providing or that perfect pose from everyone in a large group, Tammy and Bruce know when it's coming and they get it every time. They almost know you better than you do. Their instinctive instruction during a photo session enables you to reveal who you really are and it shows on the final portrait. The words "wow" and "That's really me" are common during the portrait review. The portrait of my family that Bruce and Tammy put together is one of my most valuable possessions and holds a prominent place in my home. I play the drums in a band and they have even offered to allow me to bring my whole drum set with me for a photo session. If it's a part of you, it will most likely be a welcome addition to your sitting. World class talent, friendly atmosphere, priceless keepsakes. I found it all there at Jolley. Darrel S. Rowell
The South District Portrait Photographers
1. Jolley Photography
We have been to Jolleys twice, once for our daughter who is five and once for our family portrait. Both times Bruce and Tammy where very professiona…
2. Hunter Imaging Associates
3172 W Field Haven WaySouth Jordan, UT 84095
3. David Neu Studio
12427 S 2240 WRiverton, UT 84065
4. Priscilla Durkin Photography
3215 W 10000 SSouth Jordan, UT 84095
5. Hutchings Photography
4847 W Red Admiral DrRiverton, UT 84096
6. Kd Portraits
9271 S Betty DrWest Jordan, UT 84088
7. Jenn Allphin Visual Photography
6016 W 12900 SHerriman, UT 84096
8. Studio Creations Of Utah
9647 Paisley CirSouth Jordan, UT 84095
9. Pink Daffodil Photography
9579 S Wood Ranch LnSouth Jordan, UT 84009
10. Photography By Michael
1086 W South Jordan Pkwy Ste 105South Jordan, UT 84095
11. Mike Rogers Photography
Gifted!!! Mike is the BEST!!! He has the experience to put together treasured poses - without taking forever. He knows what to do, and gets it do…
I've had nothing but great experiences here, I went and had my First Glamour Photo eight years ago. And it turned out just Gorgeous, never thought I…
13. Shilo Woods Photography
Shilo was very professional. She was excellent with my kids and our family! I love how our pictures turned out. She has caputred 'our family' charac…
14. Faces Photography
Im a senior in highschool and got my senior pics done at Faces. I had an awesome experience there. They are fun and original, totally think you shou…
15. "The Picture Lady" Kimberly Kelley Photography
Salt Lake City, UT 84119
From Business: I LOVE photography. I love to be creative and to offer my services to others. I keep my prices low because I believe that all families no matter their income deserv…
16. Prestige Portraits
462 W 9400 SSandy, UT 84070
From Business: Your senior year is significant. With over 80 years' experience, Prestige Portraits by Lifetouch has a rich history of quality photography and a deep commitment to …
17. Somer Photography
118 Cache Point LnDraper, UT 84020
18. Becky Green Photography
Taylorsville, UT 84123
19. Photography
Serving the South Jordan Area.
20. Ryan Hender FilmsServices
Ryan has taken pictures of our family and our children's pictures for years. We love his work, his attitude, attention to detail and willingness to …
21. Shelly Geller Photography
I had a session with Michelle for professional reasons related to my music. The session was extremely fun, and the pictures turned out to be not on…
22. FotoflyServices
121 E 12300 SDraper, UT 84020
From Business: We are an Extraordinary Photo Studio! Our Mission is "Everyone Gets Great Pictures!" We're committed to creating remarkable, beautiful portraits while being afforda…
23. Decadent Photography
We hired Decadent Photography for our wedding and he was the most pleasant person to work with. He was very professional and easy going. Our picture…
24. Horrocks PhotographyServices
Fotogenix in Sandy surpassed my expectations by a long shot! I got a City Deals coupon for my son's 2-year pictures. The photographer was excellen…
25. Barrus Photography
12092 S Matthew View CtDraper, UT 84020
26. MC Cutchan Photography
1432 W Brunello DrRiverton, UT 84065
27. G J Whittaker Photo Studio
14364 Arcadia Rose LnHerriman, UT 84096
28. Aspire Ventures Incorporated
11585 S State StDraper, UT 84020
29. Jaylynn Studios
10261 S State StSandy, UT 84070
30. Bestphotografix.Com
7668 S 2400 WWest Jordan, UT 84084
I have found Bruce and Tammy to have several great qualities. They are eager to please and do the best job possible. They find great pride in doing their work at it's best and enjoying the satisfaction offered by their clients. The photography they did for me and my family was exceptional. I proudly display it in our family room as the center piece of attention and attraction - a beautiful portrait of our family, professionaly and artfully produced and displayed. They have also been very helpfull in critiquing some of my photography and helping me become a better photographer. That goes beyond the call of duty.
We have been to Jolleys twice, once for our daughter who is five and once for our family portrait. Both times Bruce and Tammy where very professional and did and excellent job on both of my sessions. They are so caring and patience with children, my portrait is beautiful and my husband and I cherish both the portrait of our daughter and the one of our family. We have found our family photographers for life, they are the best and we sooooo appreciate the Jolley's. Thanks!


text:
Written on: 14/06/2014 by Jaysong173 (1 review written)
Large order arrived swiftly: reasonable plants, nothing special. I planted immediately and most are doing OK. However, the anemone japonica White Swan, which I planted within a metre of, and in identical conditions to, a thriving clump which I planted last year have wilted and died within a week despite proper preparation and watering. I have emailed twice with a photograph and had no response. I have phoned the customer care line twice, and each time been put through to the order line who were unable to help in any way. Extremely frustrating. I won't order from them again. I suggest you don't either.
As rated by our community of reviewers
" Great service at a good price " Read More
Written by mnstransport
" Don't go anywhere else..... " Read More
Written by MichaelTheShedAddict
" Do not buy from them they have zero good will " Read More
" Totally useless company " Read More
" Super snazzy tiles. " Read More


text:
Research Article
Clinal variation or validation of a subspecies? A case study of the Graptemys nigrinoda complex (Testudines: Emydidae)
Version of Record online: 12 MAR 2014
DOI: 10.1111/bij.12234
© 2014 The Linnean Society of London
Biological Journal of the Linnean Society
Volume 111, Issue 4, pages 810–822, April 2014
Additional Information
How to Cite
Ennen, J. R., Kalis, M. E., Patterson, A. L., Kreiser, B. R., Lovich, J. E., Godwin, J. and Qualls, C. P. (2014), Clinal variation or validation of a subspecies? A case study of the Graptemys nigrinoda complex (Testudines: Emydidae). Biological Journal of the Linnean Society, 111: 810–822. doi: 10.1111/bij.12234
Publication History
- Issue online: 28 MAR 2014
- Version of Record online: 12 MAR 2014
- Manuscript Revised: 20 NOV 2013
- Manuscript Accepted: 20 NOV 2013
- Manuscript Received: 30 SEP 2013
Funded by
- Maryville College
- Abstract
- Article
- References
- Cited By
- intradrainage variability;
- morphometrics;
- plasticity
Widely distributed species often display intraspecific morphological variation due to the abiotic and biotic gradients experienced across their ranges. Historically, in many vertebrate taxa, such as birds and reptiles, these morphological differences within a species were used to delimit subspecies. Graptemys nigrinoda is an aquatic turtle species endemic to the Mobile Bay Basin. Colour pattern and morphological variability were used to describe a subspecies (G. n. delticola) from the lower reaches of the system, although it and the nominate subspecies also reportedly intergrade over a large portion of the range. Other researchers have suggested that these morphological differences merely reflect clinal variation. Our molecular data (mtDNA) did not support the existence of the subspecies, as the haplotypes were differentiated by only a few base pairs and one haplotype was shared between the putative subspecies. While there were significant morphological and pattern differences among putative specimens of G. n. nigrinoda, G. n. delticola and G. n. nigrinoda × delticola, these differences probably represent clinal variation as they were also related to environmental variables [i.e. cumulative drainage area and drainage (categorical)]. Specimens occupying slow-current, high-turbidity river reaches (e.g. the Tensaw River) exhibited greater relative carapace heights and more dark pigmentation, while specimens occupying fast-current, clearer rivers (e.g. the upper Alabama, Cahaba and Tallapoosa rivers) exhibited lower carapace heights and more yellow pigmentation. Given the absence of clear molecular and morphological differences that are related to drainage characteristics, we suggest that there is not sufficient evidence for the recognition of G. n. delticola as a distinct subspecies. © 2014 The Linnean Society of London, Biological Journal of the Linnean Society, 2014, 111, 810–822.


text:
|Publication number
|Publication type
|Application number
|Publication date
|Oct 28, 1986
|Filing date
|Dec 21, 1984
|Priority date
|Dec 28, 1983
|Fee status
|Publication number
|Kohei Mori, Haruo Suzuki
|Original Assignee
|Jidosha Kiki Co., Ltd.
|Export Citation
|BiBTeX, EndNote, RefMan
|Patent Citations (5), Referenced by (20), Classifications (6), Legal Events (6)
|External Links: USPTO, USPTO Assignment, Espacenet
The invention relates to a brake booster, and more particularly, to a device for preventing disengagement of a stop member which functions to prevent a withdrawal of a valve plunger from a valve body.
A brake booster includes a valve mechanism which is controlled to open or close in response to the depression of a brake pedal, the movement of which is transmitted through an operating rod. The valve mechanism includes a variable pressure chamber and a negative pressure chamber. When a braking action is desired, the atmospheric pressure is introduced into the variable pressure chamber, and a pressure differential across the variable pressure chamber and the negative pressure chamber acts upon a power piston to achieve a booster function. On the contrary, when a braking action is to be released, the communication between the variable pressure chamber and the atmosphere is interrupted while a communication is established between the variable pressure chamber and the negative pressure chamber, allowing the power piston to be returned to its non-operative position under the resilience of a return spring. The fluid pressure applied to the power piston is controlled by the valve mechanism which is defined by a valve plunger. To prevent the valve plunger from being withdrawn from a valve body, the latter is formed with a radial hole, into which a stop member is inserted for engagement with the valve plunger. In addition, to prevent the disengagement of the stop member from the hole, various means are employed such as supporting the outer end of the stop member by means of a diaphragm. However, means in the prior art practice which is used to prevent the disengagement of the stop member has been less than satisfactory as a result of impending the sealing function of the diaphragm, producing strange sounds during oscillation or the inability to securely prevent the disengagement.
Therefore, it is an object of the invention to provide a brake booster in which a stop member that is provided to prevent the withdrawal of a plunger can be securely prevented from being disengaged from a valve body. This object is achieved in accordance with the invention by providing a detent on the valve body and providing a retainer which includes a detent engageable with the detent on the valve body and a support for the stop member, the retainer being disposed so that the support is located outwardly of the stop member when the latter is inserted into the hole in the valve body, with the both detents on the valve body and the retainer being engaged with each other.
Above the other objects, features and advantages of the invention will become apparent from the following description with reference to the drawings.
FIG. 1 is a longitudinal section of a brake booster according to one embodiment of the invention;
FIG. 2 is a cross section taken along the line II--II shown in FIG. 3;
FIG. 3 is a bottom view, partly in section, of a valve body and a retainer; and
FIG. 4 is a side elevation of the retainer.
Referring to the drawings, FIG. 1 shows a tandem type brake booster. The apparatus includes a closed vessel 1 including a front shell 2 and a rear shell 3. A front power piston 4 and a rear power piston 5 are disposed in tandem within the vessel 1. A center plate 6 divides the interior of the vessel 1 into a front chamber in which the front power piston 4 is disposed in a rear chamber in which the rear power piston 5 is disposed. The front power piston 4 carries a front diaphragm 7 on its back, which divides the front chamber into pressure chambers A and B. Similarly, the rear power piston 5 carries a rear diaphragm 8 on its back, which divides the rear chamber into pressure chambers C and D.
A tubular member 9 is disposed in alignment with the axis of the vessel 1 and has a front end face, to which the inner periphery of the front power piston 4 is secured. The inner periphery of the rear power piston 5 is held between the rear end face of the tubular member 9 and a valve body 10 which is disposed adjacent to and rearwardly of the tubular member. The inner peripheral edge of the center plate 6 is disposed in sliding contact with the outer periphery of the tubular member 9. The valve body 10 has a rear cylindrical portion 10a which slidably extends through an opening formed in the rear shell 3 and through a seal member 11. A casing 12 is disposed in alignment with the axis of the tubular member 9 and the valve body 10, and has a front portion 13 of an increased diameter and a rear portion 14 of a decreased diameter. The front portion 13 slidably receives the base end of a push rod 15. The free end of the push rod 15 extends through an end wall of the front shell 2 while maintaining a hermetic seal, which is accomplished by means of a seal 16, for transmitting an output to a master cylinder, not shown. An operating rod 17 extends into the cylindrical portion 10a of the valve body 10 through an air cleaner 18 which is located rearwardly thereof. The valve plunger 19 has a socket into which is received a spherical portion 17a on the free end of the rod 17. A portion of the material of the plunger 19 is upset as at 19a in FIG. 1 to prevent the spherical portion 17a from pulling out of the socket. The valve plunger 19 is slidably received within the rear portion 14 of the casing 12. The rear end of the operating rod is mechanically connected to a brake pedal, not shown. A return spring 20 is disposed between the front shell 2 and the front power piston 4 for normally urging the rear power piston 5 toward the rear shell 3, acting through the front power piston 4 and the tubular member 9.
The pressure chambers A and C communicate with each other through a communication hole 21 formed in the casing 12 and an internal passage 22 and a radial bore 23, both formed in the tubular member 9, and the chamber A is connected to a source of negative pressure such as an air intake tube of an engine through a negative pressure tube 24 which opens into the end wall which defines the chamber A. The pressure chambers B and D communicate with each other through an axial passage 25 which is formed in the tubular member 9. A valve mechanism including the valve plunger 19 and which is known in itself operates the interrupt a communication between a passage 26 leading to the pressure chamber C and a passage 27 leading to the pressure chamber D in accordance with a displacement of the operating rod 17. A reaction disc 28 formed of an elastic material such as rubber is interposed between the push rod 15 and the valve plunger 19, and a braking reaction is transmitted through the push rod 15, reaction disc 28, valve plunger 19 and operating rod 17 to the brake pedal.
The valve body 10 is formed with a radial insertion bore 29, into which a stop member 30 is inserted to prevent the valve plunger 19 from being withdrawn from the valve body 10. A retainer 31 is disposed adjacent to the opening of the bore 29 in order to prevent the stop member 30 from being disengaged from the bore 29.
Referring to FIGS. 2 to 4 for a more detailed description of the stop member 30 and the retainer 31, it will be noted that the stop member 30 is defined by a generally U-shaped plate with a notch 30a formed therein which is engaged with an annular groove 19a (see FIG. 1) formed around the periphery of the valve plunger 19. The stop member 30 includes a base 30b which is located within the bore 29 formed in the valve body 10, thus constraining the valve plunger 19 from retracting with respect to the valve body 10 beyond a given amount. The retainer 31, which functions to prevent the disengagement of the stop member 30, includes a support 32 which supports the base 30b of the stop member 30 that is inserted into the bore 29 and disposed in alignment with the axis of the valve body 10, and a pair of arcuate arms 33 which extend in opposite directions from the both sides of the support 32. It will be noted that the support 32 is defined by a curved surface which is in conformity to the arcuate profile of the base 30b of the stop member 30 so as to permit the latter to be securely retained in a stable manner. On its free end, each of the arcuate arms 33 has a detent 34 formed thereon, which is adapted to be engaged with a mating detent formed on the valve body 10, thereby allowing the retainer 31 to be secured in place. The detent 34 on the arm includes a sidewall 34a which is bent toward the same side as the curved support 32, or to the right as viewed in FIG. 4, and a channel-shaped section 34b contiguous with the sidewall 34a and opening externally of the arc. At a location below the support 32, the retainer is provided with a fold 35 having a width L which is slightly greater than the width of the support 32. It is to be noted that the fold 35 is shaped on the same side as the support 32, or folded to the right, as viewed in FIG. 4.
After inserting the stop member 30 in the bore 29, the retainer 31 is disposed so that its support 32 is inserted into the bore 29 to support the stop member 30, and by engaging its both detents 34 with mating detents formed on the valve body 10, the retainer can be secured in place. In the present embodiment, the detents formed on the valve body 10 are defined by the axial passage 25 which is provided to establish a communication between the pressure chambers B and D. While in the illustration of FIG. 1, the axial passage 25 is depicted below the valve body 10 for convenience of illustrating the communication between the pressure chamber, but in an actual apparatus, it is defined so as to be located on the opposite sides of the bore 29 into which the stop member 30 is inserted. The axial passage 25 has an arcuately curved, oblong opening 25a having a width which is reduced at its opening end as compared with the width of its internal portion 25b (see FIG. 3). Accordingly, when securing the retainer 31 within the valve body 10, after the support 32 is inserted into the bore 29 following the stop member 30, the channel-shaped portions 34b of the both detents 34 are inserted into the opening 25a of the axial passage 25 while slightly stressing the both arms 33 inward. Subsequently, when the portions 34b are pushed toward the internal portions 25b of the passages 25, the leading ends of the channel-shaped sections 34b will spread open owing to its own resilience after moving past the narrow openings 25a, whereby they are locked in position by holding the edge of the opening 25a within the channel configuration. As a result, a movement of the retainer 31 rearward in the axial direction or in a direction indicated by an arrow X in FIG. 3 is constrained. It is to be noted that the bore 29 has an increased width toward its front side or in the lower portion as viewed in FIG. 3, defining steps 29a which are engaged by the opposite ends of the fold 35, thus more positively restricting the movement of the retainer in the direction of the arrow X. A movement of the retainer in the radial direction or in a direction indicated by an arrow Y in FIG. 2 is also constrained as a result of the engagement of the sidewall 34a of the detent 34 with the lower surface of the opening 25a of the passage 25.
In this manner, the support 32 of the retainer 21 holds the stop member 30 in a stable manner while the pair of detents 34 are engaged with the valve body 10 in a manner to prevent a movement of the retainer in both radial and axial directions, thus permitting the disengagement of the stop member 30 to be positively prevented. Since the channel portion 34b holds the wall which defines the opening 25a therebetween, there occurs no rattling, effectively preventing the occurrence of stange sounds when the apparatus is subject to oscillation.
In the described embodiment, the existing passage 25 which is provided to establish a communication between the pair of pressure chambers B and D of the tandem type brake booster into which the atmosphere is introduced are utilized to eliminate the need for the provision of separate detents on the valve body 10, thus allowing existing parts in conventional arrangement to be used. However, these detents may be separately formed. It should also be understood that the invention is not limited in its use to a brake booster of tandem type.
While the invention has been shown and described in terms of a specific embodiment thereof, it should be noted that a number of changes, modifications and substitutions will readily occur to one skilled in the art without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention as defined by the appended claims.
|Cited Patent
|Filing date
|Publication date
|Dec 21, 1970
|Sep 5, 1972
|Bendix Corp
|Clip retainer
|Mar 12, 1976
|Aug 23, 1977
|Aisin Seiki Kabushiki Kaisha
|Apr 13, 1981
|Sep 27, 1983
|Itt Industries, Inc.
|Mechanically controlled brake power booster
|Mar 1, 1982
|Sep 25, 1984
|Aisin Seiki Kabushiki Kaisha
|Brake power multiplying device for automobile brake system
|Apr 21, 1983
|Oct 9, 1984
|The Bendix Corporation
|Brake apparatus
|Citing Patent
|Filing date
|Publication date
|Mar 26, 1986
|Jun 16, 1987
|Bendix France
|Abutment key for the valve plunger of a braking assistance servomotor, and a servomotor equipped with such a key
|Apr 16, 1987
|Aug 23, 1988
|Bendix France
|Brake booster with a hinged positioning member
|Jan 30, 1987
|Sep 13, 1988
|Aisin Seiki Kabushiki Kaisha
|Vacuum booster for automobiles
|Sep 16, 1987
|Nov 29, 1988
|Jidosha Kiki Co., Ltd.
|Brake booster
|Jan 23, 1987
|Jan 3, 1989
|Aisin Seiki Kabushiki Kaisha
|Fluid pressure servomotor
|Mar 5, 1986
|Jan 31, 1989
|Aisin Seiki Kabushiki Kaisha
|Vacuum type brake booster
|Oct 6, 1987
|Jul 4, 1989
|Aisin Seiki Kabushiki Kaisha
|Vacuum-operated brake booster with a key and retainer therefor
|Aug 27, 1987
|Aug 15, 1989
|Aisin Seiki Kabushiki Kaisha
|Vacuum operated booster
|Sep 9, 1988
|Nov 28, 1989
|Jidosha Kiki Co., Ltd.
|Tandem brake booster
|Aug 14, 1989
|Sep 4, 1990
|Allied-Signal Inc.
|Key member for retaining a control valve in a hub
|Aug 15, 1990
|Nov 5, 1991
|Jidosha Kiki Co., Ltd.
|Seal unit for brake booster
|Jun 22, 1990
|Jan 28, 1992
|Jidosha Kiki Co., Ltd.
|Seal unit for brake booster
|Nov 5, 1990
|Jan 28, 1992
|Jidosha Kiki Co., Ltd.
|Apparatus for preventing withdrawal of key member in brake booster
|Mar 13, 1991
|May 12, 1992
|Jidosha Kiki Co., Ltd.
|Jul 22, 1992
|Nov 2, 1993
|Alfred Teves Gmbh
|Vacuum brake power booster with piston retainer element and ventilation duct
|Oct 26, 1992
|Jan 11, 1994
|Nissin Kogyo Kabushiki Kaisha
|Tandem type vacuum booster
|Sep 21, 1994
|Jul 18, 1995
|Jidosha Kiki Co., Ltd.
|Variable pressure passage for a booster
|Aug 31, 2000
|Oct 21, 2003
|Robert Bosch Gmbh
|Pneumatic booster with selective and controlled stress self-assistance
|Oct 7, 2005
|Dec 22, 2009
|Continential Teves Ag & Co. Ohg
|Pneumatic brake booster
|Oct 7, 2005
|Nov 22, 2007
|Horst Kramer
|Pneumatic Brake Booster
|U.S. Classification
|International Classification
|Cooperative Classification
|European Classification
|Dec 21, 1984
Owner name: JIDOSHA KIKI CO., LTD. 10-12, YOYOGI 2-CHOME, SHIB
Free format text: ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST.;ASSIGNORS:MORI, KOHEI;SUZUKI, HARUO;REEL/FRAME:004351/0571
Effective date: 19841203
|Apr 20, 1990
|Fee payment
Year of fee payment: 4
|Apr 11, 1994
|Fee payment
Year of fee payment: 8
|May 19, 1998
|Maintenance fee reminder mailed
|Oct 25, 1998
|Lapse for failure to pay maintenance fees
|Jan 5, 1999
|Expired due to failure to pay maintenance fee
Effective date: 19981028


text:
Nothing says "will you marry me" like this $500 milkshake that come with a blue Swarovski ring.
Just recently, the Franschhoek Valley played host to the Délice Network of Good Food Cities, that as one of its aims, try to promote food tourism.
If ever there was a different take on a martini, this is it!
We all love a good cocktail, but most of us don't know what goes into our favourite mixed drinks.
Booze and entertainment go hand in hand.
Well-known Russian vodka maker Stoli has introduced a wheat-free version of its nearly 80-year-old product.
BACARDI Rum is tapping into the fashion market with the release of a limited edition sunglass range made from recycled oak rum barrels.
"Magic Mike" star Channing Tatum is expanding his empire with the launch of his own vodka brand at Cannes.
The combination of orange juice and tequila make this recipe a good choice if guests like their barbecue sweet.
Holborn Dining Room is a sophisticated spot, boasting some of the most old-school decor in town.
Subscribe to our daily feed and get the latest trending news directly in your inbox


text:
27727 results « previous Page 724 of 1387 next »
The Columbus Lowndes Convention and Visitors Bureau Board of Directors approved the adoption of an ethics policy in a 7-1 vote during its meeting Monday.
For the eighth straight month, Columbus sales tax revenue is down from last year, but collections for the month of June are only down $2,306.51 from June 2012.
Attorneys for alderman candidate John Gaskin filed a petition for judicial review for the Ward 4 Democratic Primary with the Oktibbeha County Circuit Court, documents show. The complaint lists the Starkville Municipal Democratic Executive Committee and incoming Ward 4 Alderman Jason Walker as defendants.
Though an item regarding pay raises for Columbus councilmen is not listed on an agenda emailed to The Dispatch on Thursday, leaders do have the option of adding such a resolution before today's meeting.
Military leaders are ready to begin tearing down the remaining walls that have prevented women from holding thousands of combat and special operations jobs near the front lines. Under details of the plans obtained by The Associated Press, women could start training as Army Rangers by mid-2015 and as Navy SEALs a year later.
In one of the biggest-ever showdowns between an automaker and the government, Chrysler on Tuesday is expected to file papers explaining its refusal to recall 2.7 million older Jeep SUVs that are at risk of catching fire in rear-end collisions.
Columbus Municipal Superintendent Dr. Martha Liddell has been fired. After a four-and-a-half hour executive session, the Columbus Municipal School District Board of Trustees voted, 3-2, to terminate the superintendent during Monday's board meeting.
A proposed ethics policy tabled at last month's Columbus-Lowndes Convention and Visitor's Bureau Board of Directors meeting will once again come before the board when it meets at 4 p.m. today.
Some know him as a mainstay at Columbus' public works department, which he now leads on an interim basis. Some know him as a minister of Greater Mt. Zion Church, where he has led the congregation since 2008. In either case, leading is something Casey Bush has a great deal of experience with, something he says it's only possible through his faith.
Starkville officials are hopeful a proposed redevelopment district for a portion of the Miss. Highway 182 corridor will help spur growth and investments, thereby broadening the city's tax base in the future.
Two months after a devastating tornado swept through Noxubee County, the residents of Shuqualak are rebuilding their homes and their lives.
Mississippi supervisors gather on the Gulf Coast this week to talk about roads and bridges, economic development, water resources and other issues.
Some defense lawyers are calling for an independent review of cases involving a pathologist whose testimony prompted the Mississippi Supreme Court to overturn two convictions.
« previous Page 724 of 1387 next »
1. Spears: CMSD tax hike unnecessary COLUMBUS & LOWNDES COUNTY
2. Higgins: $150 million project eying Lowndes Port COLUMBUS & LOWNDES COUNTY
3. CPD officer involved in fight to go before city council COLUMBUS & LOWNDES COUNTY
4. MSU horticulture student gains experience at Smith Landscaping COLUMBUS & LOWNDES COUNTY
5. Local Fourth of July celebrations set AREA