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BUDAPEST - Hundreds of students blocked a bridge over the Danube in Budapest last Monday and several thousand marched to parliament on Wednesday to protest against cutbacks in scholarships and the introduction of tuition fees for 80% of Hungarian students from 2013.
Call for applications for young people to take part in the Congress of Local and Regional Authorities' 30th and 31st sessions
22 – 24 March and 18 - 20 October 2016, Strasbourg (France)
Deadline: 5 February 2016
In view of the apparent disengagement of young people from conventional political participation in recent years, the Congress of Local and Regional Authorities of the Council of Europe has been taking a closer look at the issue of youth participation. Its work over the past three years has concluded that, contrary to popular belief, young people are still committed to participating in society, however they are engaging differently in a society in which they feel marginalised from the political process.
In close co-operation with the European Youth Foundation and the Council of Europe Youth Department, the Congress of Local and Regional Authorities of the Council of Europe is inviting a number of young people to take an active part in its 30th and 31st sessions. Through the sessions, the aim is to create a space for dialogue between the youth delegates and local and regional elected representatives and to enable young people to express their views on the issues being debated.
The sessions will be an opportunity for the youth delegates to examine the state of youth participation at local and regional levels in Europe in order to identify opportunities for and obstacles to its effective implementation.
The Congress is a pan-European political assembly, its 648 members hold elective office (they may be regional or municipal councillors, mayors or presidents of regional authorities) and represent over 200,000 authorities in 47 European States. Its role is to promote local and regional democracy, improve local and regional governance and strengthen authorities' self-government. It meets in session twice a year.
Application procedure and selection of participants
Those wishing to apply to take part in the 30th and 31st Congress sessions must do so by means of the application form enclosed. Participation in only one session is not possible. Applicants must also submit a short video, for example via YouTube, of no more than 30 seconds, to support their application. The link to the video should be sent together with the application.
The deadline for submitting completed applications is Friday 5 February 2016. Completed application forms must be sent to: email@example.com.
Travel, subsistence and accommodation
The youth delegates' travel and subsistence expenses will be covered jointly by the Congress of Local and Regional Authorities and the European Youth Foundation according to the Council of Europe's rules.
Accommodation will be provided and paid for by the organisers, in single-occupancy or shared rooms according to availability. The organisers cannot cover the cost of accommodation elsewhere.
For more information, please consult:
Call for applications 2016 youth sessions
The European Students Union (ESU) would like to express our sincerest disappointment with the United Kingdom voting to leave the European Union. It is disconcerting to see that young people will have a future without the EU - one that they do not want, but that was decided by the baby-boomers, while 65% of young people voted to remain.
On 6-7 June, the EQUIP project organised its final training workshop on the ESG 2015, after two other workshops and two webinars.
OpenCon 2016 will take place on November 12-14 in Washington, DC. and seeks to bring together effective, engaged students and early career academic professionals from around the world to advance Open Access, Open Education, and Open Data—regardless of their ability to pay for travel costs. The conference is hosted by SPARC and the Right to Research Coalition.
What defines a great professor? A Bologna Professor – or a Cool Teacher, as we call him – is that great individual passionate about education, the teacher who enlightens young minds, a partner of the students in the educational process.
A new era begins for students in Belarus. Belarusian Students' Association revives its activity by combining the experience of past generations with the energy of the new cohort of student activists.
Adopted at the European Students' Union Board Meeting 70 in Bergen, Norway, the policy paper outlines priorities on public responsibility, governance and financing of higher education.


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Pulaski County Circuit Court Report 3/25/2009
Posted: Wednesday, March 25, 2009 6:19 pm
Officials with the Pulaski County Circuit Court have reported the following actions in recent cases:
Julia Parker,
33, of Camdenton, appeared with the public defender and waived a March 25 preliminary hearing on four Class C felony charges of passing bad checks accusing her of writing four checks drawn on a non-existent account with Central Bank in 2008 to Price Cutter on Feb. 2 for $241.02, on Feb. 5 for $445.64, on Feb. 7 for $319.23, and on Feb. 8 for $448.03, knowing they would not be paid. Associate Circuit Judge Greg Warren bound the case over to circuit court for an April 8 arraignment.
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Hill International announced that it has received a contract from the Volpe National Transportation Systems Center of the U.S. Department of Transportation to provide project monitoring and technical assistance support services to the U.S. Federal Railroad Administration. The five-year contract has an estimated value to Hill of approximately $7M.
- Government Agencies


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San José, Costa Rica, Wednesday, June 29, 2016, Vol. 17, No. 127
Go to Page 5 HERE! Go to Page 6 HERE! Sports is HERE!
Opinion is HERE! Classifieds are HERE! Plus useful links
By the A.M. Costa Rica staff
The words educación dual may seem harmless, but they are enough to ignite the fire in the eyes of many public school educators. That is why they plan a strike today.
Educación dual is a system where students work part time in an industry of their choice and spend the rest of the school day in class. The concept is called cooperative education in the United States.
In Costa Rica now there are legal and financial restrictions for businesses that want to participate in such a program. They are the labor laws that demand a certain salary level as well as social charges, vacation and various leaves. The current situation provides little incentive for private firms to participate.
The legislature has two bills that might make some adjustments to allow the payment of lower salaries to unskilled students.
The Asociación Nacional de Empleados Públicos y Privados, which consists of high school teachers, organized the strike for today. Additional support is coming from the Bloque Unitario Sindical y Social Costarricense and other unions, including a token delegation from the Asociación Nacional de Empleados Públicos y Privados.
Lower salaries for school children might be the specific reason for the strike today, but public employees are concerned at legislative plans to slash their salaries.
Bloque Unitario Sindical says the merchant class is out to denigrate the noble labor done by public employees.
School teachers staged a preview of their strike Tuesday with a protest with signs at the legislature.
Expats with children might want to check today to see if public schools are functioning.
Our readers' opinionsBritain does not want to stop EU trade
Dear A.M. Cost Rica:
Thank you for this story in today's edition, and I wish the President Solis every success in his meeting.
I think it is helpful to point out that the vote in Britain to leave the European Union was on a 52 percent to 48 percent result to leave.
However, Britain has absolutely no wish to cease trading with Europe (or any other country for that matter) as a consequence of the vote outcome.
In fact, tours and flights into Costa Rica from the United Kingdom are being very heavily advertised in the British national press, week after week in colour in the travel pages, as well as several excellent documentaries which have appeared on UK television helping promoting Costa Rica's natural wildlife, resources and superb attractions.
Many in the UK who may well not know much about Costa Rica previously, are now much more aware of the country and all it has to offer visitors from the UK.
Anthony Ernest.
Penarth, Wales
(Son of a Costa Rica-born former coffee planter
in Cartago province).
Traffic engineers need to find hotspots
Dear A.M. Costa Rica:
One way to reduce traffic congestion is to use computer programs to identify hotspots, and then focus analysis on those locations. Costa Rica has just been given a computer program to do just that for crime statistics.
There are two readily available data sets for traffic analysis. First, reports of accidents, and second, far more powerful, the data from Waze! There are several computer programs that can identify glitches in information flow, such as reported slowdowns or congestion, and even provide analysts with day of the week and time of day.
For example, the corner by the Agencia Renault on Route 106, leading to the entrance to the pista, has a traffic light that has been set to blink since it was installed several years ago. Traffic coming off the pista is constantly jammed as far back as a kilometer or more. Turning it on with correct timing will ease the problem.
There are many such hotspots that simply need identification plus a little ingenuity to fix.
John French
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V.20 No.30 | 7/28/2011
Romancing the Novel
By Summer Olsson
My snootiness was in full flower as I drove to the Esther Bone Memorial Library in Rio Rancho. I was on my way to a panel discussion featuring three New Mexico-based romance writers: Celeste Bradley, Doranna Durgin and Alice Duncan. It didn't help that I was stressing out about being late to something I'd already decided wouldn't teach me anything. They're not for serious people, I thought. They aren't real books. I pulled into the parking lot and hurried into the building. Although full of preconceptions, I secretly harbored a small flame of hope that someone would redeem the genre for me.
Today's Events
Guardians of the Galaxy at South Broadway Cultural Center
A group of intergalactic criminals are forced to work together to stop a fanatical warrior from taking control of the universe. Film is in Spanish with English subtitles.
G-Eazy • hip-hop • Logic • rap at Isleta Amphitheater
Roswell UFO Festival at International UFO MuseumMore Recommended Events ››
Kombat Kitty @ Barley Rm • 7.1.2016
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A Sweet-Meets-Tough Look That's The Sum Of Its Parts
Take it from this London street star — mastering the perfect spring outfit is all about the math. Match two ultra-feminine items with a couple heavier ones, like this Grease-era leather paired with silken layers, and you're an instant style whiz. Danny and Sandy did do their best work together, after all.
Photographed by Melanie Galea
- Politics | Combine Sweet And Tough Styles In One Outfit
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About ام تتناك من ابنها
ام تتناك من ابنها امراة تقذف منيها While the original `Naruto` cartoon started off with a lot of momentum, there were moments where it tended to lag, especially during the Sasuke Retrieval arc. امريكصي سكسي سوري سكس8 سوري .سكسي but maybe they changed it now. Like having Ang Lee directing the Hulk. امريكصي سكسي سوري سكس8 سوري .سكسي The story is probably too confusing for anyone who doesn`t know the entire back-story of the anime. The big screen debut of the Kamehameha is sad and pathetic and all the Ki blasts look like different color fire balls. امريكصي سكسي سوري سكس8 سوري .سكسي `This is not a movie for the fans or anyone who has never seen the anime. امريكصي سكسي سوري سكس8 سوري .سكسي In fact i think why sums up the entire movie. Recently, Google made the beta version of the Gmail available for free because the service required an invitation since its release date in the year 2004.
This GI Joe series seems to lack anything that would make a good show for kids. Originally airing in the United States in 1996, its initial run was heavily edited from the Japanese version, so much that out of the first 68 episodes, the American version was cut down to 53 episodes, 15 episodes worth of content. The director must have not a vision of the given materials.


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June 28, 2016
June 27, 2016
June 28
Practicing Mindfulness
The present moment is the precious moment. Breathing is a great mindfulness practice because it is something we usually do out of necessity, and it is also a good way to bring awareness back to the here and now. Try taking three or four deep breaths while thinking about the air slowly entering and exiting your lungs with each inhale and exhale. When you are focusing on your breath, you are able to pay attention to the present moment. Source: Psychology Today
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UK/CHINA: Weetabix owner Bright coy amid IPO talk
Bright Food, the Chinese food group that owns a controlling stake in UK cereal maker Weetabix, has insisted its primary focus is on expanding the brand in the country amid reports it could list the business.
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About Us
Job Vacancy
Reports & Documents
Latest sailing schedule Apia-Tokelau-Apia:
1 June - 31 July 2016 (Excel 12 kb) - 15 June '16
Documentary: Solar Nation of Tokelau (2015)
44 minutes, large file! (MP4, 340 MB)
Tokelau's National Anthem
Song in mp3 format
'My Tokelau
' song (for SIDS 2014)
Lyrics in pdf format
(1 page, 250 KB)
Song in mp3 format
(large file: 12 MB)
Video in mp4 format
(huge file, 180 MB)
SIDS 2014 engagement booklet
(pdf, 3.4MB)
27 June 2016
Home-grown veges on their way
The first shipment of garden produce from the Nukunonu compound in Moamoa, Apia, was sent by the ferry Mataliki to Nukunonu today. Seia Mika Maiava, manager of the compound, says this is an important step towards Tokelau working on its food security.Twenty-four bundles of bok choy wrapped in parsley and Indian borage (milikini) will be distributed.
27 June 2016
Tokelau shares message to Australian PM
Tokelau stands in solidarity with other Pacific Islands sending our message to the Australian PM, about how climate change is affecting our homeland.One week out from the Federal Election, Pacific Islanders supported by dozens of kayakers, voyaged to Malcolm Turnbull's home to call on him to keep fossil fuels in the ground.
21 June 2016
NZ backs call for a louder Tokelau voice
At the United Nations (UN) earlier today, the Ulu o Tokelau, Aliki Faipule Afega Gaualofa asked the Committee to find a way for Tokelau to attend, in its own right, upcoming UN Meetings on Climate Change and Oceans.
Tokelau's call was supported by New Zealand who was represented by the Acting Administrator of Tokelau, Ms Linda Te Puni.
21 June 2016
Ulu o Tokelau reported to UN Decolonization Committee
The Ulu o Tokelau, Aliki Faipule Afega Gaualofa has spoken at the UN in New York to report on Tokelau's situation on Decolonization. The Acting Administrator of Tokelau Linda Te Puni was reporting on New Zealand's behalf.
Faipule Afega called on more UN system support towards territories on climate change.
21 June 2016
MFAT Minister McCully to visit Tokelau
New Zealand's Foreign Affairs minister, Mr Murray McCully accepted a formal invitation from Tokelau's leader Te Ulu o Tokelau, Afega Gaualofa to visit the pristine atolls later this year.
Mr McCully confirmed. "I am very keen to come to Tokelau. I'm very conscious it is one place I have not been to."
20 June 2016
Leading Tokelau up the garden path
Once again the inimitable Seia Mikaele Maiava is blazing a trail in organic gardening, at the Nukunonu compound in Moamoa, Apia this time. On Saturday he hosted the "Informal gardeners" groups of Apia to demonstrate just how much success can be gained by trial & error, persistence and sheer determination.
15 June 2016
Queen Elizabeth honours Susana Lemisio
On Monday last week, the life of Tokelau's 70-year-old Huhana (Susana) Tetane Lemisio (nee Perez) was recognized by Queen Elizabeth II, in her Birthday Honours list.
Huhana was made a 'Member of the New Zealand Order of Merit (MNZM). A recognition for services to New Zealand's 'Tokelau community and Early Childhood Education'.
15 June 2016
LivC - Living with Change: Enhancing the Resilience of Tokelau to Climate Change and Related Hazards
A new briefing paper provides an overview of the changing climate in Tokelau and actions to address these changes.
LivC is a customised programme prepared by and for the people and Government of Tokelau in collaboration with Tokelau's development partners.
READ MORE (pdf, 3.5 MB)
15 June 2016
SPREP host Tokelau work attachments
The Secretariat of the Pacific Regional Environment Programme in Apia has two interns from Tokelau for a six month attachment which began in April. Solonaima Mei and Meleka Mativa are working closely with the Pacific Met Desk and Partnership (PMDP) at SPREP to strengthen their climate and metrological skills as Tokelau endeavours to re-open observation stations on all three atolls.
10 June 2016
Tokelau bids for Energy and Climate Change programmes from $1.5 pool
Te Ulu o Tokelau, Aliki Faipule Afega Gaualofa attended the Pacific Energy Conference in Auckland earlier this week. The high profiled event, co-hosted by New Zealand and the European Union, saw donors commit an estimated $NZ1.5billion dollars to sustainable energy projects in the Pacific islands region.
3 June 2016
What the Paris Agreement means for Tokelau
The future sustainable and climate resilience development of Tokelau will highly depend on the actions of the global community. The Paris Agreement puts all nations on a new path. Its goal is to pursue decarbonisation of the world's economies while building local resilience to climate shocks over the coming decades.
1 June 2016
Te Ulu o Tokelau joins Samoa Independence Day celebrations
At dawn this morning, thousands of people joined the official celebration of Samoa's 54th Independence Day. Te Ulu o Tokelau, Aliki Faipule Afega Gaualofa and Ms Kilita Gaualofa were among the dignitaries with prime reserved places on the grandstand....
Check out previous stories!
Office of the Administrator
Office of the Council
Transport & Support Services
Economic Development Natural Resources and Environment
2014–2016 Council Government of Tokelau (Cabinet)
Hon Afega Gaualofa
Ulu o Tokelau (Titular Head)
Minister for Office of the Council for the Ongoing Government (including Foreign Affairs)
Minister for Transport
Minister for Energy
Hon Siopili Perez
Minister for Finance
Minister for Health
Hon Kuresa Nasau
Minister for Economic Development, Natural Resources & Environment (including Agriculture)
Hon Saili Patea
Minister for Education
Hon Setefano Sakaria
Minister for Support Services
Hon Mose Pelasio
Minister for Telecommunications


text:
It's recently come to my attention that several of you have been writing to the Academy Awards requesting the creation of a new "Background Actor" category in order to recognize me for my daring and original work as a television extra. I'm touched. Below are some clips and thoughts about my meteoric rise to success read more
Follow Me
If you can sneak into an "employees only" bathroom the company is morally obligated to hire you.
Rockin the English game show host look. Not seen: pocket square. #DCMfashion #Lumbercon https://t.co/c14ZD3rPbn
I consider mugginess a personal affront to me from a passive aggressive universe.
A nice revamping of Sandbox theme for WordPress


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Parador de Sigüenza4
Price FromView Rooms
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About the hotel
The castle dominates the skyline from its location at the highest point of the town, presiding over its historical and artistic heritage. Set in a Moorish citadel constructed on a Roman settlement, this historic hotel is housed in an imposing castle which dates back to 1123, and which was the residence of bishops and cardinals until the end of the nineteenth century, offering authentic royal lodgings in a palace which has preserved throne rooms and a 13th C. Romanesque chapel.
It features 81 rooms in total, spread over 3 floors. It is air-conditioned and has a lobby with 24-hour reception, hotel safe, cloakroom, lift access, bar, TV room, restaurant, a splendid dining room, conference facilities, Internet and WLAN access, as well as room and laundry services. Parking facilities are available to guests arriving by car. Guests will find intimate, cosy bedrooms alongside more stately rooms. The spacious and pleasant rooms feature traditional Castilian furniture, double or king-size beds, some four-poster beds, and terraces. En suite bathroom, hairdryer, direct dial telephone, satellite TV, Internet access, minibar, centrally regulated air conditioning and central heating all come as standard. Balconies also feature. When it comes to dining, guests have a wide range to choose from. Breakfast is available buffet style. Also, a continental breakfast can be served in the rooms. Lunch and Dinner are served à la carte, with a choice of regional dishes. There are banquet menus and vegetarian and coeliac menus also available. The castle can be reached easily from Madrid and Zaragoza along the N-II. At km. 104 turn off onto the local road (20 km to Sigüenza). Alternatively, at km. 119 turn off for the Valle de Pelegrina (12 km to Sigüenza), or on the 136, take the turn off for Alcolea (18 km to Sigüenza).
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Boosting our brain power in whatever way we can is advisable as the rates of Alzheimer's disease keeps climbing. More than five million Americans 65 or older or about one in nine currently has this fatal condition. Diagnoses are forecast to triple by 2050. Anything we can do to blunt this prediction we should embrace.
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Ruban Nielson's Unknown Mortal Orchestra has scored the Taite Music Prize 2012 for their self titled debut album.
The musician from Auckland, who lives now in Portland, Oregon, recorded the album himself after his former band The Mint Chicks broke up two years ago.
The award winner was announced tonight at the The Loft, Q Theatre in Auckland. Nielson wasn't at the ceremony but addressed the audience via a video message. He said receiving the prize made him feel very appreciated and promised to spend the $10,000 wisely.
"I will probably be spending the money on health insurance and making another album," he said.
Nielson created the tracks as an "escape hatch to a new musical dimension where his vision of junkshop-record-collector pop could be realised in a sound that recalled Captain Beefheart, Sly Stone and RZA jamming on some kids TV theme too dark to ever be broadcast".
After releasing UMO's first single Ffunny Ffriends, a psychedelic track with snarling guitars and a charming lo-fi flair on the internet, the project soon found fans from all around and subsequently secured a deal with a record label.
The Taite Music Prize, in a similar vein to international accolades like the British Mercury Prize, recognises outstanding creativity for an entire album.
The voting panel to determine the finalists was made up of a broad section of music media/industry specialists plus all current members of Independent Music New Zealand (IMNZ).
The judges made their decision based entirely on the artistic merit of the album. Sales, genres, artist recognition or popularity are not contributing factors in their decision making process.
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The authors evaluate the outage probability of a cognitive amplify-and-forward relay network with cooperation between certain secondary users, chosen by single and multi-relay (two and four) selection, based on the underlay approach, which requires adherence to an interference constraint on the primary user. The relay selection is performed either on the basis of a max-min strategy or one based on maximising exactly the end-to-end signal-to-noise ratio. To realise the relay selection schemes within the secondary networks, a predetermined threshold for the power of the received signal in the primary receiver is assumed. To assess the performance advantage of adding additional secondary relays, we obtain analytical expressions for the probability density function and cumulative density function of the received SNR and thereby provide closed form and near closed form expressions for outage probability over Rayleigh frequency flat fading channels. In particular, the authors present lower and upper bound expressions for outage probability and then provide a new exact expression for outage probability. These analytical results are verified by numerical simulation.
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What does the Judges' law clerk do?
Posted in the Charleston Forum
1 - 3 of 3 Comments Last updated Dec 3, 2013
#1 Dec 2, 2013
Ever wonder what a law clerk does to earn their salary? Is the law clerk the one that checks out the law/case law and provides the facts and findings for the judge? Is the law clerk the one that prepares the written Court Orders for the Judge to sign? Is the law clerk the one that is responsible for errors of law when made by the Judge? Is the law clerk the one responsible for ambiguous orders that say 'nothing' about what happened at the hearing?
#2 Dec 2, 2013
They do some of what you say but it all goes through the judge. The judge wouldn't sign or use these things done by the clerk if they are not correct to his/her knowledge. Or not supposed to, put it that way.
#3 Dec 3, 2013
law clerks are attorneys, but while employed as a law clerk they are bound by the same Canons that the Judge is bound by. Law Clerks are not to participate in practices that they know are illegal, BUT neither are judges. So how I see law clerks are simply working for Judges in order to gain more experience to move on to either become a judge at some point in their careers or preparing to be more experinced attorneys at some point in their career plans. BUT with all the corruption that exists in the WV Court system, it appears that in order to work for one of Circuit Court judges a person would have to be 'corrupt' to the bone, don't give a hoot about the practice of law --the learning experience is about 'power and control' 'how to use the system' to benefit their own gain. Who better to teach that lesson then the Judge they 'clerk' for. Corrupt people don't fit well with 'honest' people and 'honest' people don't hang with corrupt people. --Logic says, if you got a 'corrupt judge' 'you got a corrupt law clerk' -- won't have a job otherwise. So do the math -- if a law clerk stays working with a corrupt judge ---then you count on the law clerk being corrupt. Think about it -- its really about 'positioning oneself' or 'prostituting oneself' for eventual wealth which many people attribute to power.
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This Chrome Skull Walking Cane is a unisex cane that has a brass skull handle with a chrome finish. The Chrome Skull Walking Cane has a hardwood shaft that has an overall length of 36 Inches. This medieval walking cane is perfect for daily walks out on trails or just getting around at a Renaissance faire. These walking canes look great and add a bit of extra style to your medieval or Renaissance look. Our Walking canes are made with natural woods, carved handles, and gorgeous inlays that are sure to give any person walking with them something to show off and be proud of.
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|Publication number
|Publication type
|Application number
|Publication date
|Apr 18, 1989
|Filing date
|Aug 27, 1986
|Priority date
|Aug 27, 1986
|Fee status
|Also published as
|Publication number
|James N. Ziemer, Paul M. Spindler
|Original Assignee
|Chevron Research Company
|Export Citation
|BiBTeX, EndNote, RefMan
|Patent Citations (29), Referenced by (19), Classifications (18), Legal Events (6)
|External Links: USPTO, USPTO Assignment, Espacenet
The present invention relates to a single stage, multilayered catalyst system for hydrodewaxing and hydrofinishing a hydrocracked, solvent dewaxed lube oil base stock. In the first layer, the hydrocracked, solvent dewaxed stock is catalytically dewaxed, using, for example, an aluminosilicate catalyst. In the second layer, the catalytically dewaxed stock is hydrofinished using, for example, a palladium hydrotreating catalyst having an alumina or siliceous matrix.
This invention also relates to a process for hydrodewaxing and hydrofinishing a hydrocracked, solvent dewaxed lube oil base stock. The process comprises contacting the base stock with hydrogen in the presence of the multilayered catalyst system. Specifically, we have found that by using high space velocity rates and a high hydrogen partial pressure, both hydrodewaxing and hydrofinishing are accomplished in a single process step using the layered catalyst system with minimum yield, VI, and pour point loss.
It is well known in the art to form various lubricating oils from hydrocarbon fractions derived from petroleum crudes. The process of refining to isolate a lubricant base stock consists of a set of unit operations to remove or convert the unwanted components. They may include, for example, distillation, hydrocracking, dewaxing, and hydrogenation.
It often occurs in the course of refining a lube oil that a product is made to specification except for some deficiency resulting from contamination by a small amount of high melting wax. For example, a refined oil may be prepared that has a satisfactory pour point and cloud point, but upon storage, a wax haze develops that makes the oil commercially unacceptable.
When this haze occurs, the refiner suffers a severe economic penalty because the haze is usually discovered only after all the raw material and process costs have been expended to make the product. At this time, there is no effective and economic process to remove the small amounts of contaminating wax, present in amounts less than 2.0 weight percent. These contaminated oils generally cannot be mixed with other oils to make a commercially acceptable blend. Thus, there is no market or use for these contaminated oils other than feeding them to a catalytic cracking unit or burning them as heavy fuel oil.
In recent years, workers in the field have proposed various processes to catalytically dewax petroleum oils. For example: U.S. Pat. No. 3,755,138 (hydrodewaxing intermediate pour point solvent dewaxed lube oils for further pour point reduction); U.S. Pat. No. 4,181,598 (catalytic dewaxing, followed by hydrofinishing of solvent refined lube oils to produce low pour point, high stability lube oils); and U.S. Pat. No. 4,269,695 (catalytic hydrodewaxing of poorly dewaxed lube oils over a zerolite catalyst). We have found, however, that these processes are not completely satisfactory.
Because of high fluctuations in sulfur and nitrogen levels, all of these processes require relatively low liquid hourly space velocities (LHSV), less than 10 hr.-1. Moreover, if dewaxing is done after hydrofinishing, the oxidation stability of the lube oil may be affected. So as a practical result, the catalystic dewaxing must be accomplished separately from other processes such as hydrofinishing. Accordingly, it is the principal object of the invention to accomplish both step. This is accomplished at a relatively high LHSV and high hydrogen partial pressure in order to combine both processes.
It has now been discovered that by using a multilayered catalyst system, an LHSV greater than 4 hr.-1, with respect to the dewaxing catalyst and hydrogen partial pressure greater than 500 psia, hydrocracked, solvent dewaxed lube oil base stocks can be catalytic dewaxed and hydrofinished in a single process step. Thus, the present invention yields increased process efficiencies and reduced capital costs.
The invention concerns a multilayer, single stage catalyst system capable of hydrodewaxing and hydrofinishing a hydrocracked solvent dewaxed lube oil base stock. The system comprises two catalyst layers. The first layer comprises a fixed bed of catalyst particles having dewaxing activity; the second layer comprises a fixed bed of catalyst particles having hydrogenation activity under mild conditions.
In accordance with this invention, a process is disclosed for hydrodewaxing and hydrofinishing a hydrocracked solvent dewaxed lube oil base stock using the multilayered catalyst system. The process comprises passing the stock, in the presence of hydrogen, through the first and second layers of catalyst particles at hydroprocessing conditions.
In a preferred embodiment, the hydroprocessing conditions comprise an LHSV greater than 10 with respect to dewaxing catalyst and a hydrogen partial pressure ranging from about 1000 psia to about 2500 psia.
FIG. 1 shows product NTU plotted as a function of reactor temperature and compares the present invention to only a hydrofinishing catalyst.
FIG. 2 shows product NTU plotted as a function of reactor temperature for a 270 NTU hydrocracked, solvent dewaxed heavy neutral oil.
The hydrocarbonaceous feeds, from which we obtain the hydrocracked lube oil base stocks used in the process of this invention, usually contain aromatic and naphthenic compounds as well as normal and branched paraffins of varying chain lengths. These feeds usually boil in the gas oil range. We prefer feedstocks such as hydrocracked vacuum gas oils (VGO) with low viscosity indexes (VI) and normal boiling ranges above about 350� C. and below about 600� C., and deasphalted hydrocracked residual oils having normal boiling ranges above about 480� C. and below about 650� C. We can also use hydrocracked reduced topped crude oils, shale oils, liquefied coal, coke distillates, flask or thermally cracked oils, atmospheric residua, and other heavy oils as the feed source, so long as the total nitrogen level is below 50 ppm.
Typically, we hydrocrack the hydrocarbonaceous feed, preferably VGO, using standard reaction conditions and catalysts in one or more reaction zones. The resulting hydrocracked lube oils are low in multi-ring aromatic and naphthenic molecules, and have a VI greater than 95. In addition, such oils are low in sulfur, less than 20 ppm, and nitrogen, less than 20 ppm.
Next, we solvent-dewax the hydrocracked base stock to a pour point of less than 15� F., using conventional solvent dewaxing procedures and apparatus. Suitable solvents include, for example, methyl ethyl ketone. The lube oil base stock preferably less than 2.0 wt. % wax, less than 20 ppm nitrogen, and less than 20 ppm sulfur.
In the present process, we contact the hydrocracked, solvent dewaxed base stock with a multilayered catalyst system, in the presence of hydrogen, at a high LHSV and at high hydrogen partial pressure. The first catalyst layer in the system comprises a dewaxing catalyst and the second catalyst layer comprises a hydrofinishing catalyst.
We select suitable dewaxing catalysts from conventional catalystic dewaxing processes. For example, suitable crystalline aluminosilicate zeolites are detailed in U.S. Pat. No. 4,269,695, granted May 26, 1981, to Silk et al which is herein incorporated by reference. Of particular importance is our selection of a catalyst that has high selectivity, as reflected by its "Constraint Index".
The Constraint Index (CI) is defined in U.S. Pat. No. 4,269,695 (previously incorporated by reference). In general, the higher the CI, the higher the selectivity. In the present process, we can use catalysts having a CI ranging from about 0.4 to about 15, preferably from about 12 to about 15.
In the second layer of the catalyst system, we hydrofinish the catalytically dewaxed stock using a mild hydrogenation catalyst. We select suitable catalysts from conventional hydrofinishing catalysts having hydrogenation activity. Because we hydrofinish under relatively mild conditions, we prefer to use a less active hydrogenation catalyst. For example, a noble metal from Group VIIIA according to the 1975, rules of the International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry, such as palladium, on an alumina or siliceous matrix, or unsulfided Group VIIIA and Group VIB, such as nickel-molybdenum or nickel-tin, is a suitable catalyst. U.S. Pat. No. 3,852,207 granted Mar. 26, 1973, to Stangeland et al, describes a suitable noble metal catalyst and mild conditions, and is herein incorporated by reference. Other suitable catalysts are detailed, for example, in U.S. Pat. No. 4,157,294, and U.S. Pat. No. 3,904,513.
Typical hydrodewaxing and hydrofinishing conditions which we found useful in the present process vary over a fairly wide range. In general, the overall LHSV is about 0.25 to about 2.0; preferably about 0.5. The specific hydrodewaxing LHSV is greater than 4 hr.-1, preferably from about 10 hr.-1 to about 15 hr.-1 ; hydrogen partial pressure is greater than 500 psia, preferably ranging from about 1000 psia to about 2500 psia; temperatures range from about 550� F. to about 650� F., preferably from about 580� F. to about 600� F.; pressures range from about 500 psig to about 3000 psig, preferably from about 1500 psig to about 2500 psig; and hydrogen circulation rate range from about 3000 SCF/bbl to about 15,000 SCF/bbl, preferably ranging from about 5000 SCF/bbl to about 7000 SCF/bbl.
The advantages of using a high LHSV and high hydrogen partial pressure in the present invention are manifold. It allows us to use dewaxing and hydrofinishing catalysts in the same reactor at identical conditions. In general, hydrofinishing and dewaxing catalysts have widely varying fouling rates. But by using increased hydrogen partial pressures, the fouling of both catalysts, particularly the hydrofinishing catalysts, are greatly reduced and are, in effect, normalized to approximately equal fouling rates. In addition, the high hydrogen partial pressure allows the dewaxing catalyst to be absent of any hydrogenation components. Thus, we can recharge both layers of catalysts simultaneously and therefore efficiently use them in the same process step.
Moreover, in the present invention, we hydrodewax and hydrofinish without altering the physical properties of the lube oil base stock. Because the hydrocracked stock contains relatively low levels of nitrogen and sulfur, little catalyst poisoning occurs. Thus, we can use a dewaxing catalyst, having a low activity (a silica to alumina ratio greater than 200), under mild conditions. By subjecting the stock to such mild conditions, we noticed no appreciable change in viscosity, VI, or pour point and less than 3.0% loss in yield with respect to the hydrofinishing catalyst alone. Finally, because we hydrodewax and hydrofinish in one stage, we do not suffer a loss in product oxidation stability which occurs when we hydrodewax after hydrofinishing.
We exemplify below these advantages, as well as other advantages of the present invention. We intend the examples to illustrate representative embodiments of the invention and results which we have obtained in laboratory analysis. Those familiar with the art will appreciate that other embodiments of the invention will provide equivalent results without departing from the essential features of the invention.
We used three catalysts in the tests described hereinafter. We identify them as Catalysts A, B, and C.
Catalyst A, a dewaxing catalyst, comprised of 65% HZSM-5 with an SiO2 /Al2 O3 ratio of 200:1 and with 35% alumina binder in the form of crushed extrudate sized from 18 to 42 mesh. Details of preparing it are disclosed in U.S. Pat. No. 3,968,024 to Gorring et al., issued July 6, 1976, which is incorporated by reference.
Catalyst B, a dewaxing catalyst, is similar to Catalyst A, but is impregnated with 1 wt. % platinum loading. We added 12 grams of crushed extrudate to a solution of 37 mls of methylalcohol, 24 mls H2 O, and 0.25 grams of Pt(NO3)2 (NH3)4. We slowly removed the solution by tumbling under a vacuum. Next, we transferred the catalyst to a vacuum oven and slowly heated it to 250� F. for 12 hours. We then calcined the dried catalyst in air at 250� F., 450� F., and 900� F. for intervals of two hours each. Details of preparing it are disclosed in U.S. Pat. No. 4,269,695 to Silk et al., issued May 26, 1981, which is incorporated by reference.
Catalyst C, a commercial hydrofinishing catalyst, comprised 0.6 wt. % platinum on a SiO2 :Al2 O3 base in the form of crushed extrudate sized from 18 to 42 mesh. Details of preparing it are disclosed in U.S. Pat. No. 4,162,962 to Stangeland, issued July 31, 1979, which is incorporated by reference.
In the tests that follow, we used two analytical tests for guaging the performance of the catalyst system.
We used the "OXIDATOR BN" test to determine oxidation stability. This is a standard analytical test which is fully described in U.S. Pat. No. 3,852,207 to Stangeland, issued Mar. 26, 1973, previously incorporated by reference.
The "NTU Index" is a Chevron-developed, quantitative test for the wax remaining in heavy neutral oil after solvent dewaxing. Residual wax is precipitated by solvent and quantitated by nephelometric turbidity. Results from the test are reported in Nephelometric Turbidity Units (NTU) and correlate quite well with the visual appearance of hydrofinished oils stored at room temperature. Based on the appearance of reference oils, the maximum turbidity rating allowable for commercial oils is 24. Gas chromatographic analysis of the isolated material shows characteristics similar to refined waxes made from waxy heavy neutral.
The NTU test relies on the precipitation of wax upon addition of 50� F. methyl ethyl ketone (MEK). Visual inspection can distinguish qualitatively between amounts of wax in the MEK/oil solution, but quantitation requires that the wax be separated by filtration from the oil, and then redissolved and reprecipitated in MEK to measure turbidity.
The following is the method that we used;
We weighed 25.0 grams of contaminated oil into a 500 ml erlenmeyer flask and added 375 ml (measured at 70� F.) of methyl ethyl ketone (MEK) prechilled at 50� F. We stirred it for 15 minutes while maintaining the temperature of the mixture at 50� F. After 15 minutes, we quickly filtered the solution by vacuum over a 5.5 cm Whatman Grade 2 filter paper, making sure that the liquid level over the filter never built up higher than 0.25 inches (this prevents some of the wax from adhering to the funnel walls). When all the solution had been filtered, we maintained suction on the filter for 10-15 seconds after all the liquid was drained off to ensure that the filter paper is free of oil from the first solution.
We set up another filtration apparatus using a 250-ml filtration flask. We placed a clean 8-dram vial in the filtration flask and transferred the wax containing filter paper from the first filtration to the second filtration setup. We poured 23 mls of boiling MEK (175� F.) over the waxy filter with no vacuum and collected all the filtrate in the 8-dram vial. We removed the 8-dram vial and capped tightly with a plastic cap containing a polyethylene cone liner. We inserted a second vial into the filter flask and repeated the filter washing with another 23 ml quantity of boiling MEK. (Note: if the first wash is done correctly, the second wash should have negligible wax.)
We placed both vials in ice water for three minutes. We removed and allowed both vials to come to 68�-72� F. We shook the vials vigorously for five to eight seconds and placed them in a Hach Model 18900 ratio turbidimeter which had been previously calibrated with an 18 NTU formazin standard. We allowed 10-15 seconds for the instrument to stabilize and recorded the average reading at the lowest instrument setting over the next 10 seconds. We measured the turbidity on each vial twice and summed the average readings for the first wash with the average readings with the second wash. We rounded off to the nearest whole number and reported this as the NTU index.
We carried out a series of experiments in a trickle bed miniature pilot plant to demonstrate the advantages of the present invention. We loaded 0.61 grams of Catalyst A directly over 3.17 grams of Catalyst C into a 3/8 inch stainless steel reactor to give a total volume of 7.47 cc. We filled the remaining dead volume of the reactor with 24-42 mesh inert allundum. We preconditioned the catalysts by passing dry nitrogen in situ at 250� F. and 1000 psig for 30 minutes at a rate of 60 cc/min. We then switched the gas to hydrogen and maintained at 300� F. for one hour. Following this, we pressured the unit to 2150 psig under flowing hydrogen at 60 cc/min. and increased temperature 50� F. every 30 minutes until we reached 550� F. We maintained this for 1.5 hours before we introduced the hydrocarbon feed.
The feed that we used to condition the catalysts was a 900�-1100� F. boiling point, hydrocracked and solvent dewaxed heavy neutral oil, spiked with 130 ppm n-butylamine. Table 1 gives the inspections for Feed A.
TABLE I______________________________________Properties of Heavy Neutral Feeds Used in Examples 2-6 Feed A Feed B Feed C______________________________________Gravity, Spec. @ 20� C. .8681 .8725 .8661Pour Point, �F. +5 +5 +15Cloud Point, �F. +18Viscosity @ 40� C., cSt 89.55 94.25 92.27Viscosity @ 100� C., cSt 10.85 10.90 10.97Viscosity Index 105 100 104Sulfur, ppm 4.56 4.15 5.89Nitrogen, ppm .48 .64 .50Oxidator BN 10.75 20.12NTU index 43 270TPG Dist, LV %, �F.St 746 739 7575 821 810 82110 853 841 85230 915 903 91250 953 940 94970 987 974 98470 987 974 98490 1031 1020 102995 1055 1045 105499 1112 1105 1113______________________________________
We ran Feed A at 4 cc/hr for a period of 12 hours. Our purpose of using a butylamine spiked feed during the initial break-in period was to rapidly deactivate and condition the catalysts so that their activity would more closely resemble a catalyst with several hundred hours onstream.
Following this period, we contacted the layered catalyst system with unadulterated Feed A. This demonstrates the system's ability to dehaze 43 NTU wax-contaminated-feed to an acceptable level (below 25 NTU) at space rates of 4.7 to 9.46 hr-1 with respect to Catalyst A. FIG. 1 and Table II display our results.
TABLE II______________________________________Properties of Hydrofinished HeavyNeutral Oil Using Feed A______________________________________Hours on Stream 70 21 117 140 171Reactor Temp., �F. 550 550 600 600 625Wt. % Lube Yield 99.0 99.4 99.1 99.5 97.9LHSV,/hr (wrt Cat. A) 4.7 9.5 9.5 14.2 11.8LHSV,/hr (overall) 0.54 1.07 1.07 1.62 1.35NTU index 15 18 2 11 1Viscosity @ 40� C., cSt 90.95 89.91 88.56 88.56 87.86Viscosity @ 100� C., cSt 10.91 10.90 10.77 10.77 10.71______________________________________
In this example, we ran Catalyst C alone to demonstrate that a hydrofinishing catalyst by itself is unable to reduce NTU content of a wax-contaminated-feed. FIG. 1 and Table III display our results.
TABLE III______________________________________Properties of Hydrofinished HeavyNeutral Oil Using Feed A, Catalyst C Only______________________________________Hours on Stream 64 136Reactor Temp., �F. 550 625LHSV,/hr (overall) 0.54 0.54Wt. % Lube Yield 98.9 96.9NTU 43 40______________________________________
In this example, we contacted the catalyst system of Example 1 with Feed B whose inspections are set out in Table I. It was a 270 NTU hydrocracked, solvent-dewaxed heavy neutral oil. We used the same process conditions as in Example 1. We raised the temperature to 600� F. and 625� F., at space rates of 4.73 hr-1 and 9.46 hr-1, relative to Catalyst A, we found the high NTU feed to be completely dehazed. Furthermore, we found there was no significant loss of product, product viscosity, or product VI at these conditions. FIG. 2 and Table IV disclose these results.
TABLE IV______________________________________Properties of Hydrofinished HeavyNeutral Oil Using Feed B______________________________________Hours on Stream 473 402Reactor Temp., �F. 600 625LHSV,/hr (wrt Cat. A) 4.7 9.5LHSV,/hr (overall) 0.54 1.07Wt. % Lube Yield 97.6 98.1NTU Index 1 1Viscosity @ 40� C., cSt 93.11 92.24Viscosity @ 100� C., cSt 10.82 10.73Viscosity Index 100 99______________________________________
In this example, we demonstrate the deleterious effect on lube oil oxidation stability when a dewaxing catalyst is used separately without concurrent hydrofinishing.
We contacted Feed C, whose inspections are described in Table 1, with 0.66 grams of Catalyst B under the same conditions as Example 1. Feed C is a hydrocracked, solvent-dewaxed, hydrofinished heavy neutral lube oil with an oxidation stability of 20 hours. The results disclosed in Table V, demonstrate that even when a dewaxing catalyst contains an active hydrogenation component, like 1 wt. % platinum, a substantial loss in lube oil oxidation stability results when only a dewaxing catalyst is used for wax haze reduction. This stability loss becomes more pronounced as we raised catalyst temperature from 550� F. to 625� F.
TABLE V______________________________________Properties of Hydrofinished HeavyNeutral Oil Using Feed C, Catalyst B______________________________________Hours on Stream 47 73Reactor Temp., �F. 550 625LHSV,/hr 4.7 4.7Wt. % Lube Yield 94.6 82.2Viscosity @ 40� C., cSt 97.75 95.96Viscosity @ 100/� C., cSt 11.20 10.72Viscosity Index 100 94Oxidator BN 15.9 6.5______________________________________
|Cited Patent
|Filing date
|Publication date
|Apr 10, 1969
|Nov 2, 1971
|Texaco Inc
|Lubricating oil processing
|May 18, 1972
|Jan 29, 1974
|Sun Oil Co Pennsylvania
|Multi-stage process for producing high ur oil by hydrogenation
|Mar 8, 1972
|Feb 19, 1974
|Inst Cercetare Si Proiect Tehn
|Procedure and reactor for destructive hydrogenation of lube oils
|Jun 21, 1974
|Jul 15, 1975
|Mobil Oil Corp
|Dual catalyst converter and process
|Jun 3, 1974
|Dec 2, 1975
|Texaco Inc
|Production of lubricating oils
|Nov 22, 1974
|Nov 2, 1976
|Mobil Oil Corporation
|Catalytic treatment of lubrication oil base stock for improvement of oxidative stability
|Jun 18, 1976
|Mar 8, 1977
|Chevron Research Company
|Production of lubricating oils
|Dec 4, 1978
|Nov 27, 1979
|Mobil Oil Corporation
|Production of high V.I. lubricating oil stock
|Dec 20, 1977
|Jan 1, 1980
|Mobil Oil Corporation
|Manufacture of lube base stock oil
|Apr 6, 1978
|Mar 4, 1980
|Institut Francais Du Petrole
|Process for the production of benzene from hydrocarbon fractions rich in alkyl-aromatic hydrocarbons and containing paraffinic and naphthenic hydrocarbons
|May 16, 1979
|Jul 22, 1980
|Mobil Oil Corporation
|Catalytic dewaxing of lubes in reactor fractionator
|Aug 1, 1979
|May 26, 1981
|Mobil Oil Corporation
|Reclaiming wax contaminated lubricating oils
|Jun 12, 1980
|Aug 11, 1981
|Mobil Oil Corporation
|Manufacture of hydrocracked low pour lubricating oils
|Dec 18, 1980
|Apr 20, 1982
|Chevron Research Company
|Lubricating oil stabilization
|Oct 9, 1980
|Aug 31, 1982
|Chevron Research Company
|Production of lubricating oils
|Apr 17, 1981
|Nov 30, 1982
|Chevron Research Company
|Stabilizing and dewaxing lube oils
|Apr 19, 1982
|Nov 8, 1983
|Mobil Oil Corporation
|Catalytic process for manufacture of low pour lubricating oils
|Sep 30, 1982
|Mar 20, 1984
|Mobil Oil Corporation
|Manufacture of lube base stock oil
|Nov 19, 1984
|Mar 4, 1986
|Mobil Oil Corporation
|Catalytic process for manufacture of low pour lubricating oils
|Jul 17, 1985
|Jul 1, 1986
|Mobil Oil Corporation
|Multi-bed hydrodewaxing process
|Nov 13, 1984
|Jul 22, 1986
|Chevron Research Company
|Hydrofinishing catalyst comprising palladium
|May 13, 1985
|Aug 12, 1986
|Mobil Oil Corporation
|Catalytic dewaxing of light and heavy oils in dual parallel reactors
|Oct 11, 1985
|Nov 11, 1986
|Shell Oil Company
|Process for the manufacture of lubricating base oils
|Dec 9, 1985
|Nov 11, 1986
|Shell Oil Company
|Economic combinative solvent and catalytic dewaxing process employing methylisopropyl ketone as the solvent and a silicate-based catalyst
|Oct 24, 1985
|Dec 9, 1986
|Chevron Research Company
|Process for stabilizing lube base stocks derived from bright stock
|Dec 11, 1985
|Apr 14, 1987
|Chevron Research Company
|Process for improving the storage stability and bulk oxidation stability of lube base stocks derived from bright stock
|Feb 6, 1986
|Jun 16, 1987
|Chevron Research Company
|Hydrogenation of a hydrocrackate using a hydrofinishing catalyst comprising palladium
|Dec 20, 1985
|Jul 7, 1987
|Mobil Oil Corporation
|Method of producing lube stocks from waxy crudes
|Title not available
|Citing Patent
|Filing date
|Publication date
|May 16, 1990
|Mar 24, 1992
|Bertaux Jean Marie A
|Process for the manufacture of lubricating base oils
|Dec 13, 1991
|Dec 21, 1993
|Mobil Oil Corporation
|Turbine oil production
|Sep 17, 1991
|Dec 28, 1993
|Amoco Corporation
|Manufacture of lubricating oils
|Jan 31, 1992
|Oct 25, 1994
|Union Oil Company Of California
|Hydroprocessing for producing lubricating oil base stocks
|Jun 26, 1997
|Nov 30, 1999
|Chevron U.S.A. Inc.
|Base stock lube oil manufacturing process
|Sep 7, 1999
|Jul 24, 2001
|Chevron U.S.A Inc.
|Base stock lube oil manufacturing process
|May 18, 2000
|Jun 25, 2002
|Ciba Specialty Chemicals Corporation
|Stabilized hydrotreated and hydrowaxed lubricant compositions
|Mar 10, 2003
|Nov 8, 2005
|Chevron U.S.A. Inc.
|Method for producing a plurality of lubricant base oils from paraffinic feedstock
|Mar 10, 2003
|Apr 3, 2007
|Chevron U.S.A. Inc.
|Isomerization/dehazing process for base oils from Fischer-Tropsch wax
|Apr 30, 2013
|Chevron U.S.A. Inc.
|Process and catalyst system for improving dewaxing catalyst stability and lubricant oil yield
|Mar 10, 2003
|Sep 16, 2004
|Miller Stephen J.
|Method for producing a plurality of lubricant base oils from paraffinic feedstock
|Mar 10, 2003
|Sep 16, 2004
|Miller Stephen J.
|Isomerization/dehazing process for base oils from fischer-tropsch wax
|Jun 19, 2003
|Dec 23, 2004
|Miller Stephen J.
|Fuels and lubricants using layered bed catalysts in hydrotreating waxy feeds, including Fischer-Tropsch wax
|Jun 19, 2003
|Dec 23, 2004
|Miller Stephen J.
|Fuels and lubricants using layered bed catalysts in hydrotreating waxy feeds, including fischer-tropsch wax, plus solvent dewaxing
|Apr 7, 2011
|Chevron U. S. A. Inc.
|Novel process and catalyst system for improving dewaxing catalyst stability and lubricant oil yield.
|Sep 12, 1996
|Apr 25, 2001
|Paraffin catalytic hydrogenation refining process
|Oct 15, 2010
|May 16, 2012
|Hydrodewaxing method for diesel fraction
|Oct 15, 2010
|Jul 23, 2014
|Hydrodewaxing method for diesel fraction
|Nov 25, 2011
|Jun 5, 2013
|Aromatic hydrocarbon-rich wax oil hydrotreating method
|U.S. Classification
|208/59, 208/99, 208/87, 208/58, 208/18, 208/111.35, 208/97, 208/143
|International Classification
|Cooperative Classification
|European Classification
|Aug 27, 1986
Owner name: CHEVRON RESEARCH COMPANY, SAN FRANCISCO, CA. A COR
Free format text: ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST.;ASSIGNORS:ZIEMER, JAMES N.;SPINDLER, PAUL M.;REEL/FRAME:004608/0225
Effective date: 19860820
Owner name: CHEVRON RESEARCH COMPANY, SAN FRANCISCO, CA. A COR
Free format text: ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST;ASSIGNORS:ZIEMER, JAMES N.;SPINDLER, PAUL M.;REEL/FRAME:004608/0225
Effective date: 19860820
|Oct 19, 1992
|Fee payment
Year of fee payment: 4
|Sep 27, 1996
|Fee payment
Year of fee payment: 8
|Nov 7, 2000
|Maintenance fee reminder mailed
|Nov 21, 2000
|Fee payment
Year of fee payment: 12
|Nov 21, 2000
|Surcharge for late payment
Year of fee payment: 11


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- You get a "gold star" for filling in all the blanks on the chart.
Real cialis So it appears the rapid changes I've witnessed in the last three years are a mixed bag.
Real cialis On the one hand, real cialis patients are more willing to discuss intimate aspects of their care with their health-care providers.
Real cialis On the other hand, real cialis the census of my emergency department is swelling secondary to non-emergent patients utilizing our services.
Real cialis A major factor are patients with chronic pain utilizing the ER for pain relief services on a continual basis. Real cialis Most are legitimate. Real cialis Many are not. Real cialis And that is sad for two reasons.
- Addiction sucks.
- The abusers make it that much harder for legitimate pain patients to be viewed clearly and dispassionately.
Real cialis Add the increasing amounts of paperwork, real cialis and you see a much different ER than you saw just three years ago.
Real cialis I wonder what changes I'll be writing about in 2010…..


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I decided to order one of these online yesterday. Not only is it $70 off, but you also get free shipping to boot. I think thats about as good as its going to get on this.
I'm really glad I got this from Kohl's the first year it was released. Total price with shipping and tax was around $95.
I saw a big pile of these today at TRU while making a Toys for Tots donation, and didn't realize the last $10 of this savings were a special gig. As faithful as the classic box is, it sure does stand out as looking old-fashioned compared to smaller stuff like the figures, and I wonder if that'll affect sales.
106ºF today but in a chilly classroom. 107ºF tomorrow teaching in a hot hangar. Can't wait....TeeEye7 1 Hour Ago
Another week end invaded by relatives on my wife's side of the family.....TeeEye7 1 Hour Ago
Indeed. My dad had dementia, but he also had lung cancer. About a couple months after he started treatment for the cancer, his mind kind of gave out.Mad Slanted Powers 7 Hours Ago
And now, disc #2. There certainly was a fun aspect to them (especially the Indiana Binks and Windie Scott in the Jedi Temple of Bombad ones). Will tryBel-Cam Jos 8 Hours Ago
Bowl of mixed yellow box and Honey Nut Cheerios.Bel-Cam Jos 10 Hours Ago
The box has lights and sculpted elements, I think. But yeah, I never understand why Mattel gets away with charging so much for SDCC cars. Sure, they haveJediTricks 11 Hours Ago
My Science Project (1985) - I remembered this movie more fondly than it deserved, as it took 40 minutes to get to the real movie. It's not bad, but there'sJediTricks 11 Hours Ago
I knew Buddy was up there in age and not in the best of health, so his passing wasn't a huge surprise. I'm very surprised that Alzheimers took Pat soSnowtrooper 13 Hours Ago
$50.00 for four cars, no thank you.jpins 13 Hours Ago
A lot of those NECA video game figures end up at TRU, I have to assume they didn't invest in that tooling merely for one SDCC exclusive run. Actually,JediTricks 13 Hours Ago


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