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Kate Moss News
Cara Delevingne Opens Up About Depression, Says She 'Didn't Want to Live Anymore'
Model and actress Cara Delevingne is ready to open up about the mental illness she has been battling for years. In an interview with Rupert Everett at the Women in the World Summit in London on Oct. 9, Delevingne talked about her past struggles with depression and how her picture-perfect life was
Paris Sun Scorches Kate Moss and David Beckham at Vuitton
Africa was the theme in more ways than one at Louis Vuitton's menswear fashion show
Paris Sun Scorches Kate Moss and David Beckham at Vuitton
Africa was the theme in more ways than one at Louis Vuitton's menswear fashion show
Meet the New Face of Dior: She's 14 and Her Runway Walk Sparked Major Controversy
Sofia Mechetner is sultry, sophisticated and wore a barely-there sheer white gown as she led a parade of models at Christian Dior 's Paris fashion show earlier this month. And, she's just 14 years old. The Israeli native is the new star of the luxury fashion brand's fall collection, but her tender
Inside Designer Rebecca Minkoff's Closet: 9 Secrets Revealed
Rebecca Minkoff Reveals The Number One Tip To Getting Dressed In The Morning To The Ugliest Fashion Trend Of All Time.
Jerry Seinfeld Makes Modeling Debut
Jerry Seinfeld has made his modeling debut. Gone are the days of white sneakers and stonewashed jeans. Seinfeld, 60, has traded up, now sporting Rag & Bone's Spring/Summer 2015 collection. Break Out the Puffy Shirt: New York Baseball Team Hosts 'Seinfeld' Night 'Seinfeld' Star Shares...
'Dawn of the Planet of the Apes' Opens
quicklist:1 title: LeBron James Picks Cleveland text: The best basketball player in the world is headed back home. LeBron James revealed Friday he'd sign with the Cleveland Cavaliers, leaving Miami after four seasons and two championships. "When I left Cleveland, I was on a mission," he told Sports
Emmy Nominations In; Unlikely Model Discoveries
quicklist:1 title: Laverne Cox Nominated for Emmy Award text: The Emmy nominations are in, and "Orange is the New Black" actress Laverne Cox is on the list, making her the first openly transgender person to be nominated for the prestigious award. But Cox is hardly the only feather in Netflix's cap.
5 Models Discovered Through Chance Encounters
Unlikely Discoveries, From McDonald's Outings to Pollinating Corn in Illinois

subset: commoncrawl


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Owner-operator Gary Newman says drivers who leave equipment in disrepair are often the real cause of inspection trouble. ...Read More
May flowers can bring nasty allergies. Ah, spring! With it comes a chance to roll down the tractor windows, smell ...Read More
WS 4900 FA with MBE engine makes for a great team. "The Western Star is a classier truck, intended to compete with...Read More
Randy Pollak is an over-the-road truck driver and chef. He has been featured on the Food Network's "Emeril Live" cooking show. ...Read More
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There's More Where That Came From - Lee Ann Womack There's More Where That Came From - Lee Ann Womack Kudos...Read More
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By John Latta Executive Editor firstname.lastname@example.com For a lot of people...Read More
Top Drivers Clyde Matthews of Sapulpa, Okla., is Texas Star Express' 2004 Owner-Operator of the Year. Leonard Brown of Panola,...Read More


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Old R. Geldmacher Disection Travel Carry Kit For Medical-biologist Germany-bl
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Old R. Geldmacher Disection Travel Carry Kit For Medical-biologist Germany-bl:
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Old R. Geldmacher Disection Travel Carry Kit for Medical-Biologist Germany-BL
Up for sale we have this vintage old biologist or medical field kit which includes instruments for disection or a quick surgery, perhaps for bullet or shrapnel wounds. It includes a scalpel, 3 tweezers, one small pick and a scissors. Some of the tweezers are marked Germany, one also is marked R Geldmacher, perhaps the maker. Comes in a small leather folding pouch with felt protective sleeve inside. Small button clasp is intact and works. There is a label which may have been for the student who owned these, Nick Moyer. Instruments are pretty clean, some light age showing with minor humidity spotting. Measures 7" x 3" when closed. Enjoy!
Thanks for looking.....please see photos.
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Old R. Geldmacher Disection Travel Carry Kit For Medical-biologist Germany-bl:
White Mountains, Gorham New Hampshire, Winter Mt Mount Washington Observatory
1980 Kny Scheerer Surgical Instruments Catalog, Operations, Surgery Equipment
Brass And Marble 40 Year Calender 1997-2036
Mid 20th. Century Radiometer # 28 By Windsor Electronics, M.i.b. Solar Motor.
Vintage Westinghouse Portable Ammeter 165401 Type Pl .75 Steampunk Gauge
Curta Calculator Type Ii Serial #534354 "not Boxed"


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Me vs. Drunk Fella, a few minutes ago
Me: Hello, (name of hotel I work at), this is mamapaparazzi, how may I help you?
Drunk Fella: Hi! Hi there! Ma'am, I neecha talka;.... um... room wunoutaree...."
Me: Excuse me, sir?
DF: Hi! Ma'am.... room... Andrew?
Me: What?
DF: Andrew, I'm Andrew... talk... (mumble mumble mumble) room wunfreeteenoh... or wunoh.... "
Me: pause
Me: Sir, I'm sorry, I can't understand you... did you want me to connect you to a room?
Me: Sir, which room would you like me to connect you to?
DF: I'm ANDREW!!
Me: Andrew, which room do you need me to transfer you to?
DF: WUN OH TSREE! or FOUR!
Me: (noticing that 103 is not occupied but 104 is... ) One second, sir...
And I transfer the call to 104.
I hope the people in 104 know and like Andrew, lol.
Have you ever checked out "Crazy Hotel Workers"? Your little journal here would make an excellent entry on their site... i, too, am chained to the front desk, and it really helps to see that I'm not the only person that deals with crazies on a daily basis.
(Just google "crazy hotel workers" its the first thing you see)
I looove Crazy Hotel Workers, lol... that's actually where I got the "format" to tell the story of last night, lol. Oh, the stories I could tell of night audit, LOL!
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On Tuesday, Oct. 1, at 10:15 a.m., the Summit County Coroner's Office responded to the death of 30-year-old Stephen Mahlstedt in Keystone. The case is currently under investigation and no further information will be released at this time.
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Full Height Cupboard with Glass Sliding Door c/w 3 adj shelve...
1 Twenty-Foot Container (Min. Order)
Cupbaord with Glass Sliding Doors
50 Units (Min. Order)
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1 Twenty-Foot Container (Min. Order)
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En is a very talented girl and full of surprises. She has a passionate nature and insists on following her desires. Her love of dance and ballet combines with her own creative impulses. These come out in her erotic drawings and paintings that explore her fetishes. From there it is only a short step to acting out her desires in front of the camera. She is new to this but has taken to it like a natural. Why? Because it turns her on and it shows. Pleasure is her guiding principle and, in her own words, it is what her pussy is for.
New Hegre Model: This girl was born to bend…
She is fearlessly flexible. She can do things with her body that you thought were impossible. More


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Short Cuts
Author and Publisher - Catholic Online
Bishop of Laodicea (modern Turkey) who was involved in the Arian controversy of the era. A friend of the historian Eusebius of Caesarea (who was an Arian), he was much praised by the writer. A participant in the deliberations of the Council of Nicaea (325), he was a supporter of the Semi-Arian position but nevertheless gave his signature to the orthodox decrees of the council.
Gianna Francesca Beretta was born in Magenta in Italy. She was the tenth of thirteen children in her family, only nine of whom survived to adulthood. When she was three, her family moved to ... continue reading
St. Dominic Savio was born in Italy in 1842. One day when he was just four, he disappeared and his good mother went looking for him. She found the little fellow in a corner praying with his ... continue reading
Also called Euphemianus, a widow, born in Constantinople. From a good family, Anne was forced to marry. When widowed, she assumed a male disguise and the name of Euphemianus. As this male, ... continue reading
William of Vercelli, Saint 1085-1142. founder, born in Vercelli Italy he was brought up as an orphan became a hermit on Monte Vergine, Italy after a pilgrimage to Compostella and attracted so many ... continue readingMore Saint of the Day
Born on October 16 1890 in Corinaldo, in the Ancona Province in Italy, her farmworker father moved his family to Ferrier di Conca, near Anzio. When he died of malaria, Maria's mother had to struggle to feed her children. Maria's mother, brothers, and sisters worked in ... continue readingMore Female Saints
Saint Michael the Archangel isn't a saint, but rather he is an angel, and the leader of all angels and of the army of God. This is what the title "Archangel" means, that he is above all the others in rank. St. Michael has four main responsibilities or offices, as we ... continue reading
Teresa was the eldest daughter of King Sancho I of Portugal and sister of SS. Mafalda and Sanchia. She married her cousin, King Alfonso IX of Leon. The couple had several children, but when the marriage was declared invalid because of consanguinity, she returned to ... continue reading
St. Isidore was born at Madrid, Spain, in the latter half of the 12th century. For the greater part of his life he was employed as a laborer on a farm outside the city. Many marvelous happenings accompanied his lifelong work in the fields and continued long after his ... continue reading
By Marshall Connolly (CALIFORNIA NETWORK)
On September 4, 2016, Pope Francis will canonize Mother Teresa as a saint of the Roman Catholic Church. Her canonization is an important event for Catholics and all people around the world. Here's 3 reasons why. LOS ANGELES, CA (Catholic Online) - When Mother Teresa is ... continue readingMore Christian Saints & Heroes


text:
What Can Eye-Trackers Visualize? — An Approach to Capture the Reality of Search Processes
Version of Record online: 18 NOV 2010
DOI: 10.1002/meet.2009.1450460124
Copyright © 2009 American Society for Information Science and Technology
Proceedings of the American Society for Information Science and Technology
Volume 46, Issue 1, pages 1–4, 2009
Additional Information
How to Cite
Miwa, M., Erdelez, S., Lund, H. and Gwizdka, J. (2009), What Can Eye-Trackers Visualize? — An Approach to Capture the Reality of Search Processes. Proc. Am. Soc. Info. Sci. Tech., 46: 1–4. doi: 10.1002/meet.2009.1450460124
Publication History
- Issue online: 18 NOV 2010
- Version of Record online: 18 NOV 2010
- Abstract
- Article
- References
- Cited By
Eye-trackers have widely been used to judge whether user interfaces fit the searchers' cognitive style, but not often used to examine search processes. We have been using eye-trackers to capture the behavior of people doing information searches on the web and attained an understanding of information search processes as cognitive processes with length and depth. We think eye-trackers are useful for identifying various aspects of information search processes. In the past, eye-trackers were quite expensive and required skill to use. Recently, however, less-expensive and easy-to-use eye-trackers have become available. Now it is possible to gather, compare, and contrast various research methods, findings, and implications about using eye-trackers in behavior research particularly regarding web searches, in order to develop a firm foundation for future research.
We would like to invite researchers from all over the globe who have been conducting a research using eye-trackers for studying information seeking behaviors. Panel members' topics are as follows


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58-17944 - Make: 1/4 Watt Resistor Kit - 365pc
365 Piece 1/4 Watt Resistor Kit
A great kit for any electronics DIY, contains many of the most popular 1/4 resistors
Mfr Name: Make Media
Mfr Number:
See all items in Project Ideas and Kits
21-14935 - Outland X Binoculars - 8X25
Mid-sized binoculars for outdoor enthusiasts featuring enhanced color from multi coated BAK 4 glass.
Mfr Name: Celestron
Mfr Number: 144926
See all items in Binoculars
58-18050 - 2TB Hitachi 3.5" Desktop Hard Drive
2TB Hitachi 7200RPM Enterprise Hard Disk Drive
The HGST Ultrastar® internal hard drive is a 2TB 7200 RPM hard drive with 2M hours MTBF rating. Suitable for RAID arrays, disk-to-disk backup, archiving and Network Attached Storage (NAS) systems.
Mfr Name: Hitachi
Mfr Number: A7K2000
See all items in SATA
440-8.2 - NTE2W8D2 Resistor 8.2 Ohm 2W Metal
RESISTOR 8.2 OHM 2W METAL NTE2W8D2 NTE 2 Watt Flameproof Resistors, Resistance: 8.2 ohm, Type: Metal Oxide Film, Tolerance: 5 %, Quantity: Sold individually
Mfr Name: NTE Electronics
Mfr Number: 2W8D2
See all items in NTE
373-8.2 - 1/8 Watt Carbon Film Resistor - 20 pack - 8.2 Ohm 5%
These high quality resistors are suitable for any project.
5% tolerance
Resistance: 8.2ohm
20 per package
Mfr Name: Distributed By MCM
Mfr Number: 373-8.2
See all items in 1/8 Watt
SCY6.7 - Individual Square Belt 6.7 X .035 X .035
High quality square replacement belts in a variety of circumferences and widths.
Sold Individually.
Mfr Number: SCY6.7
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25W8D2 - 8.2 Ohms 25 Watt Wirewound Resistor
8.2 Ohms 25 Watt Wirewound Resistor
Mfr Number: 25W8D2
See all items in 25 Watt
22-22175 - 9" Hex Crimp Tool
A high quality crimping tool designed to hex crimp F-6, F-59, and RG-6 connectors.
Mfr Number: HT-106H
See all items in Hex
67-8.2K - Resistor 1W 8.2K Ohm Flameproof, Package of 10
RESISTOR 1W 8.2K OHM FLAMEPROF 10 PER BAG 1 Watt Flameproof Resistors, Resistance: 8.2 Kilohm, Tolerance: 5 %, Quantity: Ten per bag
Mfr Number: 67-8.2K
See all items in 1 Watt
42-1955 - Flat Belt
FLAT RUBBR BELT8.2X0.160X0.020 Flat Belts, I.C.: 8.2 , Thickness: 0.02 , Width: 0.16
Mfr Number: 42-1955
47-000820 - Square Cement Wire Wound Resistor - 5 pack - 10 Watt 8.2 Ohm
8.2Ω - 10W Wire Wound Resistor - 5pkThese square cement resistors are commonly used in speaker crossovers, power supplies, amplifiers and a variety of other applications.
Mfr Number: 47-000820
See all items in 10 Watt
287-4194 - Wire Wound Resistor 7W 5% 18 Ohm
7W Vitreous Enamelled Wirewound Resistors offer a high power dissipation for their size. They are highly stable and reliable making them suitable for harsh environments, while their overload characteristics make them ideal for protection circuits.
3 Watt
Mfr Name: Welwyn
Mfr Number: W22 18R JI
See all items in Wirewound
46-000820 - Square Cement Wire Wound Resistor - 5 pack - 5 Watt 8.2 Ohm
8.2Ω - 5W Wire Wound Resistor - 5pkThese square cement resistors are commonly used in speaker crossovers, power supplies, amplifiers and a variety of other applications.
Mfr Number: 46-000820
See all items in 5 Watt
287-4232 - Wire Wound Resistor 7W 5% 220 Ohm
Mfr Number: W22 220R JI
27-9571 - 2 Position Vertical Screwless Wire Connector 18-16AWG
The vertical screwless wire connectors are offered in 2, 4 & 6 staggered positions
and the in-line connectors are available in 2 & 3 positions. Compatible with
printed circuit board wave solder processes, the connector allows for insertion of
stripped solid con...
Mfr Name: TE Connectivity
Mfr Number: 1811957-1
See all items in Screwless Wire Connectors
Ordering was easy and parts were received very quickly.


text:
Russian President Vladimir Putin (L) takes part in a gala match of the National Amateur Ice Hockey Teams' Festival organised by the Night Ice Hockey League in Sochi, May 10, 2014. Picture taken May 10, 2014. REUTERS/Alexei Druzhinin/RIA Novosti/Kremlin (RUSSIA – Tags: POLITICS SPORT ICE HOCKEY) ATTENTION EDITORS – THIS IMAGE HAS BEEN SUPPLIED BY A THIRD PARTY. IT IS DISTRIBUTED, EXACTLY AS RECEIVED BY REUTERS, AS A SERVICE TO CLIENTS ORG XMIT: MOS127
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POLL: Who do you blame for the NHL lockout?
Instead of finding common ground, the NHL and the players' union drew their lines in the sand.
Day 3 of the NHL lockout is upon us with no formal meetings scheduled between the two sides -- they are currently observing Rosh Hashanah -- although it is believed that there has been communication behind the scenes.
It is anybody's guess as to what exactly that communication is. They've been able to decide on where to meet for lunch but can't come together on how to share a revenue pot that's grown from $2.1 billion to $3.3 billion since the last lockout -- the one that cost the entire 2004-05 season. And that's why it was all quiet around the Ducks' locker room Tuesday at Anaheim Ice (pictured).
[Editor's note: Here's my overly simplistic plan to nip this dispute in the bud: Scale back the players' share from 53 percent to 50 percent over six years, keep the salary cap and salary arbitration for restricted free agents in place, and put a cap on the length of new contracts at eight years. Extend the maximum on entry-level deals to four years but keep the first chance to gain unrestricted free agency at age 27 or seven years of NHL service. OK?]
So who's fault is it for this mess?
Is it on the owners -- and yes, that includes you Henry Samueli -- who unanimously gave Commissioner Gary Bettman the green light, who want more from the players after taking 24 percent from them off the top in the previous collective bargaining agreement that they pushed for? Is it on the players who conveinently overlook that their average salaries have risen from $1.5 million to $2.4 million over the seven years of that CBA?
Or is it the fault of both? Ducks Blog asks you who to put the blame and even throws you a bonus question. Vote and share your opinion or solution.
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text:
Doors open 8:30pm. Music starts 9:15-ish and finishes at 11pm (unless otherwise advertised).
Advance tickets are available from the Eel Pie Club, or by sending a cheque with a stamped, self-addressed evenlope to The Eel Pie Club, c/o Executive Mortgages & Investments Ltd., 1st Floor, 6 Park Road, Teddington, TW11 0AA. Credit card bookings can be made for all events with TicketWeb of See Tickets by clicking on the 'BUY NOW' links below (booking fee applies). Please note that The Eel Pie Club cannot give refunds on unused tickets.
The Eel Pie Club welcomes Members and
non-Members. To become a Member of the Eel Pie Club, download Membership Application Form
30 June
Doors 8:00pm. Music 8:30-11pm
ALIX ANTHONY EXPERIENCE + Guests
It would be difficult to get a more exciting and versatile performance in a Club venue than the Alix Anthony Experience. Alix is influenced by many different genres of music, blending blues, rock, soul and funk in a wide-ranging repertoire. This includes James Brown, Jimi Hendrix, Stevie Wonder, Ray Charles, The Doors, Muddy Waters, John Lee Hooker, Lenny Kravitz, Otis Redding, Little Richard, Prince and other major artistes.
Overseas tours have included clubs and stadiums in Canada, Hong Kong, Belgium, Holland, France and Dubai where his band, Unkle Jam, played at major function venues such as the Hard Rock Cafe. Alix has backed Dennis Edwards and The Temptations on the same billing as the James Brown Band and has played with George Clintons P Funk Allstars. Currently, Alix is making plans to tour Italy
Alix's vocal range continues to wow audiences with the authentic sounds of the original artist in his own unique style. So much so that his voice-overs are used by advertising agencies to market their services - see current Allianz Insurance ad running on TV. "Let's Work Together" is Alix - not the original!
Opening by The Groovy Boys
È10 (È8 Members), È5
Students (Photo ID Required).
|Thursday 14 July
PIE ALL-STARS remember ART WOOD'S BIRTHDAY (to benefit Prostate Cancer UK)
Annual event to benefit Prostate Cancer UK in memory of Art Wood, vocalist and artist who was brother of Rolling Stone, Ronnie. Art was a talented vocalist with his own band, The Artwoods, and with Alexis Korner and the Cyril Davies All-Stars and he was an integral part of the Eel Pie Club in its early days where he fronted The Art Wood All-Stars. His birthday would have been on 7 July so in memory of Art, this will be a great night of rockin' rhythm and blues and nostalgia from the Eel Pie All-Stars plus special guests. The Eel Pie All-Stars are Don Craine and Keith Grant (Downliners Sect), Robin Bibi (ex Pretty Things), Rick Biddulph (ex Caravan), Alan Glen (Yardbirds, Nine Below Zero), Chris Hunt (Lonnie Donegan Band, The Bruvvers), and Dave Lennox (Blodwyn Pig). Guest musicians (at time of writing) are: Chloee Christmas, Sandy Dillon, Peter Donegan (Lonnie Donegan Band), Mark Freeman (Art Wood All-Stars), Peter Hammerton, Andrew Heart (Billy Idol, Bob Geldof) with his band, Rockstock, Rod Lynton (Rupert's People), Ali Mackenzie (The Birds), Ray Majors (Art Wood All-Stars), Kat Pearson (Kat & Co.), Tim Staffell (Big Steam), Paul Stewart (The Others, Big Steam).
È12 (È10 Members). SEE Tickets BUY NOW!
|Thursday 28 July
The Eel Pie Club is proud to be hosting the West London Launch of Robin Bibi's new CD, 'No More A Secret'.
Robin Bibi is on of the UK's top blues/rock guitarists and having paid his dues working with such names as Robert Plant, Jimmy Page, Ben E. King, The Pretty Things and Helen Shapiro, launched The Robin Bibi Band in the late 1990s.
Blues, Funk, Rock, Reggae (occasionally!) and Jazz/Fusion are all rolled together in the Robin Bibi Band's own totallyt unique feel-good concoction. Above all, the Band's aim is to give their audienc a night to remember whilst guaranteeing the best British Blues Rock can offer in a tried and tested, exciting, spontaneous, power trio format with the highest level of musicianship the style can offer. It's exuberant, passionate, dynamic, exciting and fun! Music played straight from the heart, it will move your head, your heart and, of course, your feet! Robin Bibi's music reaches out to young and old alike and his audiences always leave his gigs smiling. http://www.robinbibiband.co.uk/
Robin is a regular performer at The Eel Pie Club and guitarist with The Eel Pie All-Stars.
È11 (È9 Members). SEE Tickets BUY NOW!
7 August
ARMS - (formerly London 60s Week)
Fantastic FREE summer event organised by The Eel Pie Club in association with The Barmy Arms, Twickenham Embankment. The Eel Pie All-Stars + Guests will perform outside the Barmy Arms from 2-4pm and the pub will be serving drinks and BBQ all afternoon. The Mods will be there with their Lambrettas and it's an opportunity to don your '60s togs.
|Thursday 11 August
Originally formed as a vehicle
to play live rock 'n' blues whenever the members were free from touring with
their own bands, The Good Old Boys are Nick Simper, Peter Parks, Alan Barratt,
Simon Bishop and Richard Hudston and they have played with or alongside Deep
Purple, Johnny Kidd & The Pirates, BB King, Simple Minds, Cliff Bennett
& The Rebelrousers, The Tremelos and The Strawbs.
(È9 Members) È5 Students (Photo ID Required).
|Thursday 25 August
Slim Chance are a brilliant live band, whose members are all fine singers, musicians and showmen, playing an amazing array of instruments. The band is known for its pioneering use of fiddles, mandolin and accordion. Recently, the Huffington Post described the band as 'the real deal', an 'organic multifaceted collective' 'raising the roof' at one of their regular London gigs.
Slim Chance has its origin in the early seventies, formed by the legendary and brilliant songwriter, Ronnie Lane, who had been a mainstay of both the Small Faces and The Faces before he went on to pursue his unique musical vision with Slim Chance. Since then, the release of the film, 'The Passing Show', the 2004 concert at the Albert Hall with Pete Townshend and Paul Weller, and more recently, the re-release of classic Slim Chance material by Island/Universal Records, have led to a resurgence of interest in Ronnie Lane's music and the band, Slim Chance. The line-up now features original members, Charlie Hart, Steve Simpson and Steve Bingham. They are regularly joined by guests including the fine drummer John Lingwood, Geraint Watkins, Des Horsfall, Benny Gallagher and more. Their set includes a host of classic Ronnie Lane songs including Ooh la la, Debris, The Poacher and How Come, as well as original tracks from their new album "On The Move" which is getting rave reviews in all the top music press. The band has played many club dates and festivals including Glastonbury, Broadstairs, Wickham, Cornbury and Canterbury. Slim Chance have released two albums to critical acclaim and are about to release their version of the classic Ronnie Lane hit "The Poacher" accompanied by a video shot by BAFTA nominated producer Paul Crompton. There is no finer live band in the country. www.slim-chance.co.uk
È15 (È13 Members). SEE Tickets BUY NOW!
|Thursday 8 September
Paul Lamb is the Undisputed Master of the Blues Harmonica . The band have won British Blues Band of the Year several times and UK Album of the Year. Paul Lamb and The Kingsnakes are amongst the British Blues Hall of Fame, having worked and toured many times with such greats as Pete Waterman, Mark Knopfler, The Who, Rod Stewart and Jimmy Nail, to name a few. The lineup includes Chad Strentz on vocals and rhythm guitar, Rod Demick on vocals and bass guitar, Ryan 'Junior' Lamb on lead guitar and Dino Coccia on drums. Simply better than the opposition from whatever side of the Atlantic they come Blueprint. www.paullamb.com.
(È10 Members) È5 Students (Photo ID Required).
|Thursday 22 September
Returning to The Eel Pie Club by popular demand, Connie Lush has been recognised as one of the finest blues singers in the UK, winning 5 times "Best Female Vocalist UK" earning a place in he gallery of greats alongside Alexis Korner and Eric Clapton to name just two. Twice voted "European Blues Vocalist of The Year" by the French Blues Trophies Awards and nominated again "Best UK Blues Vocalist 2011-12". In recent years, Connie has performed in over 30 countries. She has played at some of Europe's largest and most prestigious festivals, including Glastonbury, wowing audiences in Moscow, New York and LA, recording in "The Cotton Row Studios" in Memphis and of course singing at BB Kings, Beale St. Connie also toured with BB King through the UK, finishing at The Royal Albert Hall, London.
Connie is also a known songwriter, writing for TV and featuring at Jazz FM and other radio stations as a DJ. She continues her love affair with audiences everywhere, bringing her enormous 'Gusto' for life and music wherever she goes. As BB King said, "That woman makes my heart sing!" Blues is her first love. http://www.connielush.com
È12 (È10 Members). SEE Tickets BUY NOW!
|Thursday 6 October
John Idan is frontman of THE YARDBIRDS and has appeared on 3 of their albums. The Natural Blues Band was John's very first professional band in Detroit where he grew up. When not touring with The Yardbirds, Johhn lives and writes music in Germany and he is being featured at The Eel Pie Club for a one-off gig for which he will be joined by a first class band - and maybe a special guest or two.
È12 (È10 Members). È5 Students (Photo ID Required). SEE Tickets BUY NOW!
|Thursday 20 October
Very much part of the London Rhythm and Blues scene in the 1960s, The Downliners started out in Twickenham on Eel Pie Island and subsequently took over The Rolling Stones' residency at Ken Colyers Club in London's West End. The Downliners Sect still attract crowds of thousands in Japan, Spain and Sweden where their song, Little Egypt, reached Number One in the Hit Parade. The Downliners Sect today are original Members, Don Craine (vocals/guitar) and Keith Grant (vocals/bass), plus Del Dwyer (vocals/guitar), John O'Leary (vocals/harp), Mark Freeman (drums) www.downlinerssect.com
È12 (È10 Members). È5 Students (Photo ID Required). SEE Tickets BUY NOW!
|Thursday 3 November
JOE COCKER featuring Paul Cox
An original project in tribute to Joe Cocker with an 8-piece international All-Star band (Neal Black, Mark Latrell, Renaud Cugny, Kris Jefferson, Romek Parol, Dave Bowler, Celia Kameni and Sophie Malbec) led by the charismatic voice of Paul Cox. Paul Cox never fails to excite his audience thanks to #his deep, warm and rocky voice - always sensual. His interpretation of Joe Cocker's repertoire is truly astonishing. The directory Rock, Pop, Blues and Soul, Joe Cocker is honoured in a concert where each musician brings a personal touch to express his/her admiration for this great singer who passed away in 2014, who bewitched crowds and touched the hearts of many.
Members). È5 Students (Photo ID Required).
Thursday 17 November
Doors 8pm.
Music 8:30-11pm.
Straight 8 UK were originally formed in 1976 and were signed to Pete 'The Who' Townshend's Eel Pie Records in 1978. They released 3 albums and toured with Queen, Robert Palmer, Slade and Mud, and many others around the UK and Europ between 1978 and 1982. The original Straight 8 disbanded in 1983 but original lead vocalist/guitarist, Rick Cassman reformed the band in 2015, launching their new album at The Eel Pie Club.
Rick Cassman has worked with Pete Townshend of The Who and composed and produced music for major TV and advertisement campaigns worldwide.
"Definitely one of the
best support acts Queen ever had" - Brian May.
Plus support tbc.
È12 (È10 Members). È5
Students (Photo ID Required).
|Thursday 1 December
MARTIN TURNER ex WISHBONE ASH -
An Evening of Classic Wishbone Ash music.....and beyond
With millions of album sales and concert attendances worldwide, Wishbone Ash's heritage as one of the most enduring and best loved British rock acts is assured.
Classic album releases such as Argus, Pilgrimage, There's The Rub, New England and Live Dates defined the Wishbone Ash sound and have touched the hearts of several generations of music fans. Martin Turner, the definitive voice, creative force and founding member of the British rock legends, continues to perform the band's best loved works with his current line-up - guitarists Danny Willson and Misha Nikolic, and drummer Tim Brown - and remains faithful to the original Wishbone Ash blueprint.
È16 (È14 Members). SEE Tickets BUY NOW!
14 December
THE Christmas Party. The Eel Pie All-Stars are Don Craine and Keith Grant (Downliners Sect), Robin Bibi (ex Pretty Things), Rick Biddulph (ex Caravan), Alan Glen (Yardbirds, Nine Below Zero), Chris Hunt (Lonnie Donegan Band, The Bruvvers), and Dave Lennox (Blodwyn Pig). Special guests still to be announced but we know Bootleg Blondie will be there! Free mince pies and mulled wine for those who arrive early enough.
È13 (È11 Members). SEE Tickets BUY NOW!
Thursday 12 January 2017
Doors 8:15pm
THINGS (Acoustic)
The first Eel Pie Club gig of 2017: The Pretty Things are at the heart of the UK Rhythm & Blues Scene. These legendary 'bad boys of rock' created some of the most exciting and innovative records of the late 60s and early 70s. In 2011 they were awarded the Hero award at the Mojo Honours and have been name checked over the years by an array of artists ranging from The Clash, David Bowie & Aerosmith through to The Libertines and Kasabian. Original Pretty Thing, Phil May is on lead vocals, guitar and blues harp. Dick Taylor (original Pretty Things and also an original Rolling Stone) is on acoustic, slide and lead guitar, and Frank Holland is on acoustic, slide guitar, backing vocals and harp. The Pretty Things' first 3 singles, 'Rosalyn', 'Don't Bring Me Down' and 'Honey I Need' all made the charts. The band then moved from rhythm and blues, through psychedelia, their famous rock opera, S.F. Sorrow, and heavy metal - and now back to the music that made them famous - Rhythm and Blues.
Plus support by Sam Brothers.
È13 (È11 Members). SEE Tickets BUY NOW!
Eel Pie
Club Members are entitled to a 10% discount off their total bill (Mondays to Thursdays) at The
Sheesh Mahal in Twickenham and The Gurkha's Inn, Twickenham, and Pier 1 Fish
& Chips, Richmond, on production of their current Eel Pie Club Membership
The Gurkha's Inn
Pier 1 Fish & Chips


text:
GALVESTON (AP) — A federal appeals court has overturned a lower-court ruling that blocked Texas from enforcing new restrictions on volunteer voter registrars.
By a 2-1 vote, a three-judge panel of the 5th U.S. Circuit Court of Appeals ruled Thursday that there was insufficient evidence that First Amendment rights to free speech were being violated or that the laws were pre-empted by the federal "motor voter" law.
A year ago, U.S. District Judge Gregg Costa of Galveston had blocked enforcement of five provisions of the new voter registration laws. A national non-partisan group Voting for America had argued the laws made it harder to register voters.
The group complained that the new laws unconstitutionally restrict voter registration drives from gathering public voter information, handing out voter registration cards and collecting completed forms.
(© Copyright 2013 The Associated Press. All Rights Reserved. This material may not be published, broadcast, rewritten or redistributed.)
Latest News:
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Tatoeba needs help to re-design the website to be mobile-friendly! If you have experience in UI/UX design, please contact Trang at email@example.com.
We are also continuously looking for developers. If you are interested to contribute to a non-profit open source project, please read our guide on how to join the dev team.
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Parador de Hondarribia
Plaza de Armas, 14, 20280 Hondarribia, Spain – Great location - show map
Excellent location — rated 9.4/10! (score from 387 reviews)
Real guests • Real stays • Real opinions
|Room type
|Special Offer - Twin Room
|Superior Twin Room
|Special Offer - Superior Twin Room
|Twin Room
Also known as the Castle of Charles V, its construction dates to the 10th century. Here you will feel as if you are in an authentic medieval fortress. Highlights include the immense bare stone walls that frame the courtyard, surrounded by green creepers and crowned by spaces adorned with arches, wrought iron and coffered ceilings. The views of the coast of France and the sea from some of the guest rooms and the terrace complete the indescribable beauty of this place.
Parador de Hondarribia takes special requests - add in the next step!
6 reasons to choose Parador de Hondarribia
Low rates
33 properties in Hondarribia
Manage your bookings online
The staff speak English
Booking is safe
Facilities of Parador de Hondarribia Great facilities! Review score, 8.4
- Garden
- Terrace
Pets are not allowed.
Food & Drink
- Bar
- Breakfast in the room
Public parking is possible on site (reservation is not needed) and costs EUR 16 per day.
Reception services
- 24-hour front desk
- Currency exchange
- Tour desk
- Luggage storage
- Concierge service
Cleaning services
- Laundry
- Ironing service
Business facilities
- Meeting/banquet facilities
- Business centre
- Fax/photocopying
- Room service
- Newspapers
- Safety deposit box
- Gift shop
- Non-smoking rooms
- VIP room facilities
- Bridal suite
- Lift
- Heating
Languages spoken
- French
- Spanish
- English
From 14:00 hours
06:00 - 12:00 hours
Cancellation and prepayment policies vary according to room type. Please enter the dates of your stay and check the conditions of your required room.
Children and extra beds
All children are welcome.
All children under 2 years stay free of charge for children's cots/cribs.
All children under 16 years are charged EUR 49.16 per night for extra beds.
All further older children or adults are charged EUR 49.16 per night for extra beds.
The maximum number of extra beds in a room is 1.
Any type of extra bed or child's cot/crib is upon request and needs to be confirmed by management.
Supplements are not calculated automatically in the total costs and will have to be paid for separately during your stay.
Pets are not allowed.
Cards accepted at this property
Hover over the cards for more info.
1 appealing option:
- Maria Cristina, a Luxury Collection Hotel, San Sebastian has a review score of 9.4


text:
By John McMalcolm
Social media is an invaluable marketing tool that can help your business achieve greater visibility and expand your customer base. However, you need to invest a lot of time and effort in order to get the most out of social media marketing. If you find that it is too tiresome and time-consuming to promote your business on social media networks, you may want to consider outsourcing the task to another company or individual.
Should Our Social Media Be Outsourced?Posted by Sian Phillips under Social Media
From http://tweakyourbiz.com 1049 days ago
Made Hot by: NanoTechnologyMedia on August 14, 2013 9:01 am
Who Voted for this Story
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This week's most active BizSugar users. Join Them!
Written by tiroberts
1047 days ago
1047 days ago
I think it depends on what your main goals and purpose is with your social media. I personally wouldn't outsource my main social media. However, I would outsource some syndication of the content I create to be distributed and shared on other less popular social sites. This would all be in a effort to build up traffic and exposure to my own blog and to my main social accounts.
Thanks for sharing your insights with us and thanks to Sian for sharing this on bizsugar.
Thanks for sharing your insights with us and thanks to Sian for sharing this on bizsugar.
Log in to comment or register here.
This Could Be One of the Most Underestimated Employee BenefitsJuly 20, 2015
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Join Us for the Brother CreativeCenter "Back to Business" Twitter Chat
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also by Glasstire
- Today: A Flurry of Artist Talks Across Texas - June 25th, 2016
- Dallas Artist Ted Kincaid Has Founded a New Anti-Hate Project - June 23rd, 2016
- What Have We Done to the Texas Landscape? - June 23rd, 2016
- Top Five: June 23, 2016 - June 23rd, 2016
- Houston Center for Photography Announces New Executive Director - June 22nd, 2016
2 Responses
Not to be picky, but the dates on the Zoe Leonard installation are confusing. You say it's going on from now until December of 2004, apparently in violation of certain temporal-spatial laws. If I click on the title, there is a note that says it will be available only over the Christmas holidays in 2014. Are either of those dates right?


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Just create a new account—we'll guide you to the flip side.
Hi there! Thanks for visiting PokéCommunity. We're a group of Pokémon fans dedicated to providing the best place on the Internet for discussing ideas and sharing fan-made content. Welcome! We're glad you're here.
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I have starters: all Kanto, Treeko and Cyndaquil. I'm interested in your Electivire. Elekid/Electabuzz would be fine too.


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Seasoned reporters extremely angry about Mediaworks' lack of integrity
A true contender for the Sledge of the Year:
I wish we could have had a non-censored version of Hosking's thoughts on this. The fact that a media organisation broke a Reserve Bank embargo while headed by the ex CEO of the NZ Stock Exchange is just unforgivable. Read more »


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Connections Pastor
Life Fellowship Church
Email: m***@***.com
565 Griffith St
Davidson, North Carolina 28036
United States
Currently Life Fellowship is involved with: Church planting (we are helping support a church plant headed to Phoenix, AZ and have a goal to develop our own church planting residency starting in 2012). more
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The Harvest Group
Senior Pastor
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lifecharlotte.com [cached]
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December 9, 2013
I've been in ABQ since 2010--moved from California. I discovered Meetups Googling local trails. Glad I did! I've been on about 50 meetups so far and have met a lot of nice folks and had lots of good times. STP
Great--glad to have discovered it.
Meetup members, Log in
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October 8 - October 14, 2012
Green coatings are superior to the paints of yesteryear.
Overall, green and conventional coatings perform about the same.
Green interior paints perform; exterior and floor coatings still have a way to go.
Green, shmeen; they don't make paints like used to.
Voting for this poll closed on Sunday, October 14, 2012
View Results |
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Previous Polls from the Past Month
October 1 - October 7, 2012
The National Hockey League lockout
September 24 - September 30, 2012
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One wish to improve your business
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These are not gonna earn just about any manner prizes while frames are generally considerably too plastic-y but you are actually a good choic


text:
FIR lodged against former minister in Bhadoi
Last Updated: Wednesday, October 31, 2012 - 14:08
Bhadoi: An FIR was lodged against former Uttar Pradesh minister Rangnath Mishra in a disproportionate assets case, police said here Wednesday.
The FIR was lodged against Mishra, a minister in the previous BSP government, by the anti-corruption bureau last evening, they said.
Earlier, a complaint was lodged against him with Uttar Pradesh Lokayukta accusing him of amassing assets amounting to Rs 1,000 crore illegally, sources said.
The Lokayukta in his report indicted Mishra after which the state government ordered a vigilance probe, they said.
The Varanasi unit of the anti-corruption bureau was given the inquiry after which its deputy Superintendent of Police Rajpal Singh lodged an FIR against the former minister.
First Published: Wednesday, October 31, 2012 - 14:08
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text:
We will all be collectively rolling on the floor laughing our asses off on September 20th.<quoted text>
I'm sure this has to be my buddy Tom A. ROTFLMAO
Will you cry for the camera John? Can we see some of your crocodile tears?
Personally, I think you're just gonna explode with anxiety and have a nervous breakdown.
Then you'll try to sue JSCO for causing you to have a breakdown, even though you've brought everything on yourself and they are doing everything legally to have you evicted and out of their lives.


text:
|Publication number
|Publication type
|Application number
|Publication date
|Dec 11, 1990
|Filing date
|Jan 6, 1989
|Priority date
|Jan 6, 1989
|Fee status
|Publication number
|James D. Oliver, Jr., Kenneth A. Biles, Dumrong Kasemset
|Original Assignee
|Siemens Aktiengesellschaft
|Export Citation
|BiBTeX, EndNote, RefMan
|Patent Citations (3), Non-Patent Citations (14), Referenced by (9), Classifications (5), Legal Events (4)
|External Links: USPTO, USPTO Assignment, Espacenet
The present invention relates to a system for measuring the current-voltage (I-V) characteristics of an IC device, and particularly, to a variable frequency I-V measurement system which can be used to test and predictively select IC devices which are likely to exhibit good RF power and efficiency characteristics in actual use.
The performance of IC devices for microwave frequencies has often not been as good as indicated by device specifications using standard DC current-voltage measurements. In the case of GaAs metal-semiconductor field-effect transistors (MESFETs), the device performance exhibits frequency dispersion in low frequency ranges (below a few MHz) which is associated with detrimental effects on its electrical characteristics, such as drain current drift, looping of current-voltage characteristics, degradation of output power, gate leakage current increase, frequency dependence of the gate input admittance, and other anomalies.
Recent research on the I-V characteristics of MESFETs have noted the problems of frequency dispersion due to charge trapping effects in the surface access regions of the device, instead of to deep level trapping in the active layer-substrate interface, as previously thought. See, e.g., "Surface Influence On The Conductance Of DLTS Spectra Of GaAs MESFET's", by Stephen Blight, et al., IEEE Transactions On Electron Devices, Vol. ED-33, No. 10, October 1986; "Analysis Of Capacitance And Transconductance Frequency Dispersions in MESFETs for Surface Characterization", by J. Graffeuil, et al., Solid-State Electronics, Vol. 29, No. 10, pp. 1087-1097, 1986 (published in Great Britain); "Frequency Domain Detection of Deep Levels in GaAs MESFETS", by Jian-ren Li, Semiconductor Science and Technology 2, pages 337-339, January 1987 (published in the UK); and "Mechanisms For Low-Frequency Oscillations In GaAs FET's", by Daniel Miller, et al., IEEE Transactions On Electron Devices, Vol. ED-34, No. 6, June 1987.
As a result, various structures have been proposed to measure the effects of frequency dispersion on transconductance and other I-V characteristics of GaAs MESFETs. Also, alternative designs have been proposed attempting to reduce the frequency dispersion effects, including the use of passivating layers, large gate width to source-drain length ratios, buried channels, and notched gates.
In view of the prior work, it would be extremely useful to have an early indication whether or not a particular design or a sample of an IC device will have acceptable performance characteristics in contrast to unacceptable designs or nonconforming units. In the production process, IC devices are formed on wafers and subjected to successive forming and treatment steps to yield the final, packaged product. Since some of the wafers, as fabricated, will not meet the desired performance criteria, a predictive testing system would allow selection of the good wafers early in the production process, in order to increase production yields and avoid the time and expense of finishing, backend processing, packaging, and final testing of nonconforming wafers. Also, in the design and development of IC device structures, a predictive testing capability would allow performance characteristics to be conveniently assessed and compared for experimentation prior to final fabrication.
It is, therefore, a principal object of the invention to provide a method, and a system, for performing non-destructive testing of IC devices, and predictively determining whether the IC device is likely to have certain desired performance characteristics. The testing would utilize measurements which are conveniently taken in the early stages of design or the production process. It is a further object to provide a predictive testing system which is computerized to facilitate taking the test measurements, and to quickly perform the calculations needed to determine whether the tested IC devices are likely to meet the required performance criteria for final products.
In particular, the invention seeks specifically to provide a predictive testing system for GaAs MESFETs to test and select those units which are likely to exhibit good RF power output and efficiency in actual use, without degradation due to frequency dispersion, based upon measurement of their I-V characteristics.
In accordance with the invention, a variable-frequency I-V measurement system, for testing an IC device having source, drain, and gate terminals, comprises: a DC power supply for providing a bias voltage across the drain and source terminals of the IC device; measuring means for measuring at least a voltage developed at, and a current flowing through, the drain terminal in response to an input gate signal applied to the gate terminal, wherein the voltage and current measured by said measuring means represent an I-V characteristic of the IC device; a gate signal source for providing an input gate signal having a variable frequency to the gate terminal; and controller means for controlling said gate signal source to provide separately, in sequence, at least two input gate signals of different frequencies in a selected range of frequencies, for operating said measuring means to measure the I-V characteristics of the device in response to each of the two input gate signals, and for deriving a variable-frequency I-V (VFIV) value from the measured I-V characteristics of the device for each of the at least two input gate signals.
The invention also includes the method of comparing whether or not a difference in the derived VFIV values for the two or more gate signal frequencies meets a predetermined threshold level, said threshold level being selected to predict whether or not the IC device is likely to provide a selected performance characteristic in actual use. The invention also encompasses the related methods of using the VFIV measurement system for non-destructive testing of frequency-dependent effects on the IC device, and for computerized testing and predictive selection of manufactured wafers and chips to meet selected performance criteria.
In the preferred system of the invention, the VFIV measurement system is used to measure the percentage change in maximum source-drain current (Imax) at two or more gate signal frequencies, and correlates a percentage change below a predetermined threshold level to the likelihood that the IC device will have the performance characteristics of good RF power output and efficiency without degradation due to frequency dispersion. For GaAs MESFET C-band devices fabricated with epitaxial layers, a single gate, and a surface passivation layer, a percentage drop in Imax of about 12-15% or less, measured at 10 Hz and 1 MHz gate signal frequencies, are correlated to good levels of RF power output and efficiency.
The above objects and further features and advantages of the invention are described in detail below in conjunction with the drawings, of which:
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a variable-frequency, current-voltage (VFIV) measurement system in accordance with the invention:
FIGS. 2a and 2b show sample oscilloscope displays for I-V characteristics of a GaAs MESFET device tested with sinusoidal and sawtooth gate signals, respectively, for the system of FIG. 1;
FIG. 3 is a graph showing the VFIV drain current (Imax) drop for the GaAs MESFET device measured over a frequency range of 1 Hz to 6 MHz;
FIGS. 4a and 4b show sample charts for I-V and transconductance measurements for the GaAs MESFET device;
FIG. 5 is a scatter plot of average RF power measured for samples of the GaAs MESFET device against percentage VFIV Imax drop;
FIG. 6 is a scatter plot of RF power efficiency against percentage VFIV Imax drop;
FIG. 7 is a scatter plot of average RF power for samples of the GaAs MESFET device at 10 Hz as a function of VFIV Imax;
FIG. 8 is a scatter plot of average RF power for samples of the GaAs MESFET device at 1 MHz as a function of VFIV Imax;
FIG. 9 is a scatter plot of the current linearity for samples of the GaAs MESFET device as a function of percentage VFIV Imax drop; and
FIG. 10 is a scatter plot of the current linearity for samples of the GaAs MESFET device as a function of VFIV Imax at 1 MHz.
The invention encompasses a measurement system and related methods for performing non-destructive test measurements of the current-voltage (I-V) characteristics of an IC device over a range of gate signal frequencies, and predictively determining whether the IC device will have desired performance characteristics based upon comparisons of the variable frequency I-V or "VFIV" values derived from the measured I-V data. The system is capable of taking measurements on wafers or on packaged devices, and of being computer-automated to facilitate convenient testing in incremental steps over given frequency, voltage, and current ranges.
Analyses and comparisons of the derived VFIV values with actual performance characteristics of the resulting IC devices, such as average power output and efficiency, show that certain VFIV values can be used to predictively select those devices which are likely to have the desired performance characteristics. The predictive selection of IC devices in wafer form allows savings of time and expense by avoiding the time-consuming process of finishing, backside processing, packaging, and RF testing of nonconforming wafers. The system can also be used to investigate frequency dependent effects of IC devices in wafer form or on test chips.
In the following description, examples of an IC predictive testing system and related methods in accordance with the invention are specifically applied to selecting GaAs MESFET devices likely to have good RF power performance characteristics. The devices tested include C-band MESFET devices fabricated with epitaxial or implanted layers, ledge-type or self-aligned gates, and with or without surface passivation layers. However, the principles of the invention are deemed to be equally applicable to other types of semiconductor devices, testing environments and performance criteria.
Referring to FIG. 1, an automated VFIV measurement system is shown having a DC supply source to supply a bias voltage "Vdd", a resistor R2 connected in series between the DC supply source and the drain terminal "d" of a power FET device, a capacitor C connected in parallel therewith, and the source terminal "s" of the device connected in common to ground. The gate terminal "g". of the device is connected to a signal source for the gate signal "Vgs", and a resistor R1 is connected in parallel therewith for impedance matching. A computer controller 10 is used to control all functions of the measurement system. A voltage supply probe 11 is used to measure the bias voltage Vdd, a drain probe 12 tests the voltage "Vds" at the drain terminal, a gate probe 13 tests the gate signal "Vgs" at the gate terminal, and a ground probe is connected to the source terminal in order to take the respective voltage measurements. The R2 resistor is provided for monitoring the drain current "Ids" through the voltage drop from Vdd to Vds. A digital oscilloscope and a digital voltmeter, collectively indicated by reference numeral 20, are used to provide a display and readout of the test measurements.
In one implementation of the measurement system, the computer controller 10 is a Hewlett-Packard Model 310 computer with an HPIB (IEEE-488) interface. An Alessi manual wafer probe station is used having the four probes. The gate signal source Vgs is a function generator which generates sine waves or sawtooth waves over a range of frequencies from 0.5 Hz to 6 MHz as controlled by the computer controller 10. Other signal functions may also be used, e.g., pulse, square, or continuous waveforms. The gate signal is also controlled by the computer controller 10 to vary from a pinchoff potential (Vp) to a forward bias 1.2 volt potential relative to the source terminal. The digital oscilloscope is used to measure the drain voltage Vds and the gate voltage Vgs, and the digital voltmeter is used to measure the bias voltage Vdd. The oscilloscope display for gate signal Vgs as sine waves at 10 Hz and Vds is shown in FIG. 2a, and for Vgs as sawtooth waves at 100 Hz and Vds in FIG. 2b.
To increase measurement accuracy and reduce circuit oscillations, a number of modifications are made to the testing system. The gate probe is modified by placing the R1 resistor of 50 ohms in parallel with the probe tip to ensure proper impedance matching with the gate signal function generator. The drain probe is modified by placing the R2 resistor of 100 ohms in series, and a capacitor of 1 uF in parallel, on the probe tip to allow for current monitoring and voltage regulation, respectively. Separate probes (Kelvin modifications) are utilized for bias voltage and drain voltage measurements to eliminate errors from contact resistances. The resistors and capacitor are physically mounted on the probe tips to reduce frequency and cable length effects.
To compensate for any slight variations in voltage readings, the computer controller 10 is programmed to average the readings for Vdd and Vds prior to performing each calculation of the drain current Ids. Once Ids is calculated, Vds is increased automatically in computer-selected voltage steps matched to the oscilloscope offset and range for maximum resolution. The procedure is repeated until the drain bias Vds becomes greater than the maximum value selected by the user, typically about 4-5 V. This yields I-V data for the gate signal at one frequency.
At this point, the function generator is adjusted to increase the frequency of the gate bias signal. As the frequency is increased, commands are sent automatically to the oscilloscope to compensate for changes in the time base display. After a number of measurements at different frequencies, e.g., 10 Hz, 100 KHz, and 1 MHz, the computer-compiled data is tabulated and a graph depicting Ids vs. Vds at each frequency is displayed, as shown, for example, in FIG. 4a, and also printed for evaluation.
The maximum drain current "Imax" is determined from Ids measurements which reach a saturation value when the drain voltage Vds is increased to between 2 and 3 volts. The Imax value is derived by the computer controller 10 for each step of gate signal frequency tested (see FIG. 3). The percentage drop in Imax between step changes in frequency N and M is also computed, as follows: ##EQU1##
To determine the transconductance "gm" of the device, the I-V measurement is interrupted when Vds exceeds 2 volts. At that point, the gate bias signal is changed from sine wave to sawtooth wave in order to use a linearly changing gate voltage for the gm derivative calculation for the transconductance. Full, one-cycle transients for Vgs and Vds are captured and averaged 16 times by the oscilloscope. From this data, the transconductance is calculated at various ate bias voltages, e.g., -3, -2, -1, -0.5, 0, and 0.5 volts. FIG. 4b shows a typical graph of the calculated transconductance versus gate signal bias. Alternatively, the variation of transconductance with frequency may also be plotted.
In order to assess the accuracy of variable-frequency current-voltage VFIV measurements taken in accordance with the invention, several comparison tests of standard DC I-V semiconductor parameters for the IC devices were performed on a Hewlett-Packard 4145B Semiconductor Parameter Analyzer. The HP 4145B was used to perform DC current measurements on both chips and wafers. The DC I-V measurements were compared to VFIV measurements at 10 Hz for the same lots of tested devices. The comparison results indicated a deviation of less than 2.5%, which was within the anticipated error of the VFIV system, and thus strongly supports the reliability of the VFIV measurements.
The VFIV measurements taken in accordance with the invention are useful for investigating frequency dependent effects on power FET devices. Large gate voltage swings and frequency changes may influence the device surface states, surface potential, bulk trapping phenomena, and deep interface effects. To understand which of the possible phenomena might be reflected in the VFIV measurements of Ids and Imax, experiments were conducted using various device structures, gate voltage swings, and frequency steps.
Changes in VFIV Imax were compared to changes in gate minimum bias to examine whether a major cause of the VFIV Imax drop is a surface or a deep-level, active layer interface effect. Power FET devices constructed on epitaxial layers were measured under various gate minimum bias values. No changes in the measured Imax were observed for variations of the minimum bias �1 volt from the specified pinchoff voltage. Overpinching the device by 2 volts or more did affect the measurement of Imax at high frequency because of severe distortion of the output signal. Underpinching by 2 volts had little effect on measured Imax. Since the variations in gate minimum bias had little effect on Imax, it can be concluded that for devices constructed on epitaxial layers, the major contributor to the frequency dispersion of Imax is not the result of deep level effects in the active layer interface region, but rather a surface effect. Deep level transient spectroscopy (DLTS) measurements on epitaxial layer devices have shown a very low, deep-level charge trapping density, which also supports this conclusion.
Another test compared VFIV Imax frequency dispersion of devices having multiple high energy implanted layers, in which a beryllium implant was used to sharpen the large tail of the deep implant, with standard epitaxial FETs. The two types of devices were nominally identical N+ on N, double recess power FETs fabricated using the same process steps but different starting materials. One wafer lot was VPE epitaxially grown, and the other was an ion implanted FET structure, both with nominally identical carrier profiles. Both lots used the same ledge and gate recess targets and were processed similarly. DC results showed equivalent Idss and Imax values. However, comparison of the VFIV data for the two lots showed that the 10 Hz Imax values were similar, but the Imax measured at 1 MHz of the implanted wafers had a large drop. The epitaxial devices had a small Imax drop of 14-30%, which was typical of most passivated C band device wafers, whereas the implanted devices had a much larger Imax drop of 43-58%. Since the two lots were processed similarly, they should have similar surface effects, and thus the additional Imax drop of the implanted lot may be attributed to the channel or bulk effect of the implant.
In FIG. 3, the VFIV Imax measurements, for two sets of four wafers each, demonstrate a typical frequency dependence effect over the range of 1 Hz to 6 MHz in decade frequency steps. Generally, below 1 KHz and above 100 KHz, there is little variation in measured VFIV Imax. This implies that the time constants of frequency dispersion are in the general range of 10 usec to 10 msec, which is at the lower end of the time constant regime for deep level effects in GaAs FET devices. Thus, frequency dispersion due to a surface charge effect is indicated.
The two sets of VFIV Imax measurements in FIG. 3 represent those taken before and after a silicon nitride passivation layer was applied to the wafers. Prior to passivation, all wafers exhibited a large change in Imax at higher frequencies. After passivation, the Imax drop with frequency is very small, thereby confirming that frequency dispersion effects are reduced through surface passivation. The test in FIG. 3 was performed for self-aligned type devices, but the same effect was also observed with ledge type devices.
The observations that passivation reduces the frequency dispersion of VFIV Imax, that ledge type devices show more variation with frequency, and that changes in negative gate bias produce little change in VFIV Imax all indicate that the mechanism responsible for frequency dependence is a surface effect rather than an effect of the active layer-substrate interface. Changes in the surface state, surface defect population, or surface potential with frequency may therefore be observed as changes in VFIV Imax. Quick feedback on these surface conditions can be obtained early, e.g. one-third way, in the wafer fabrication process. Thus, the VFIV measurement system of the invention provides a valuable tool to test frequency-dependent device parameters, and to make surface process development comparisons, e.g., of surface treatment, passivation, plasma deposition, stripping, photo treatment, and annealing.
Single gate, FET test chips were tested to determine whether the VFIV measurements could be correlated with RF performance. The test chips used were backside-thinned and metallized FETs, with a gate area of 1�350 um, taken from wafers which were previously measured for RF performance characteristics. Test chips from 24 different wafers were measured, and included ledge and self-aligned type devices. FIG. 5 shows the variations of average RF power (in dBm), and FIG. 6 shows the variations in RF efficiency, as a function of percentage drop in Imax at 10 Hz and 1 MHz. Each point represents an average of the measurements made on the chips from one wafer.
In both figures, the data shows a strong correlation between drop in RF power and efficiency as a function of increased Imax drop. For Imax drops greater than 12-15%, a significant reduction in RF power is apparent. The data scatter for RF efficiency is larger, but the same general decrease in efficiency is observed for increasing Imax drop. No significant differences are noted between self-aligned and ledge type devices, except that self-aligned devices exhibited higher RF power and efficiency and, correspondingly, lower Imax drop.
Further correlations were examined and are illustrated in FIGS. 7-10. FIGS. 7 and 8 show that VFIV Imax measurements at 10 Hz and 1 MHz, respectively, appear to be good predictors of RF power. In each case, low measured values of VFIV Imax correlate to low power, while at higher values the power appears to reach saturation. In general, VFIV Imax measurements at 10 Hz showed that power did not increase for Imax above 75-85 mA (215-245 mA/mm), while for 1 MHz measurements this saturation occurs for Imax above 65-75 mA (185-215 mA/mm). This leads to the prediction that wafers with VFIV Imax measurements below these ranges will have decreased power output.
FIGS. 9 and 10 show the correlation between the RF performance parameter of the Ids/Idss ratio to VFIV Imax percentage drop and measurement, respectively. This RF performance parameter compares the operating Ids tuned for maximum power at 1 dB gain compression to the DC value of Idss, and is a measure of linearity in RF operations. FIG. 9 shows that a smaller VFIV Imax percentage drop occurs in wafers with a higher linearity ratio. Although the data scatter is large, the general trend of decreasing linearity with higher Imax drop is evident. Similarly, FIG. 10 shows a general trend of increasing linearity ratio with increasing VFIV Imax measurements at 1 MHz.
Although not shown in the figures, other comparisons of VFIV data indicated that wafers with an Imax drop of greater than 25% showed significantly reduced Ids/Idss ratio. Also, VFIV Imax measurements at 1 MHz indicated that Imax must be above 70 or 75 mA (200-215 mA/mm) for the wafer to be capable of 3 watt power performance, and those below this level showed reduced power output. Similar relationships hold for comparisons of Imax measurements at 10 Hz.
In summary, an automated variable-frequency current-voltage measurement system and related test methods are provided in the invention. The system is shown to be capable of accurately repeating all standard DC FET measurements as a function of frequency and gate signal voltage. Measurements made on wafers of VFIV Imax percentage drop and measured values show good correlation with RF power performance, and somewhat lesser correlation with efficiency and linearity. Thus, the system provides predictive testing of IC devices while in wafer form to select good wafers and avoid the time-consuming process of finishing, backside processing, packaging, and RF testing of nonconforming wafers. The system can also be used to investigate frequency dependent effects of IC devices in wafer form or on test chips, and as a process development tool to obtain quick feedback on fabrication processes.
The specific embodiments and modes of the invention described herein are intended to be illustrative only, and many other variations and modifications may be made thereto in accordance with the principles of the invention. All such embodiments and variations and modifications thereof are considered to be included within the scope of the invention, as defined in the following claims.
|Cited Patent
|Filing date
|Publication date
|Dec 29, 1948
|Dec 11, 1951
|Bell Telephone Labor Inc
|Manufacture of semiconductor translators
|Dec 29, 1948
|Dec 22, 1953
|Bell Telephone Labor Inc
|Semiconductor translator
|Dec 31, 1948
|Jan 26, 1954
|Bell Telephone Labor Inc
|Reversible semiconductor and method of making it
|Bauhaus, R. H.; "Measuring . . . ", Hewlett-Packard Journal; Jan. 1969; vol. 20; No. 5; pp. 11-14.
|Bauhaus, R. H.; Measuring . . . , Hewlett Packard Journal; Jan. 1969; vol. 20; No. 5; pp. 11 14.
|GEC Journal of Research, vol. 5, No. 4, 1987, pp. 217 225, entitled Low Field Low Frequency Dispersion of Transconductance in GaAs Mesfets (P. H. Ladbrooke et al.).
|GEC Journal of Research, vol. 5, No. 4, 1987, pp. 217-225, entitled "Low-Field Low-Frequency Dispersion of Transconductance in GaAs Mesfets" (P. H. Ladbrooke et al.).
|IEEE Transactions on Electron Devices, vol. ED 27, No. 6, Jun. 1980, pp. 1013 1018, entitled Control of Gate Drain Avalanche in GaAs Mesfet s , (S. Wemple).
|IEEE Transactions on Electron Devices, vol. ED 33, No. 10, Oct. 1986, pp. 1447 1453, entitled Surface Influence on the Conductance DLTS Spectra of GaAs Mesfet s .
|IEEE Transactions on Electron Devices, vol. ED-27, No. 6, Jun. 1980, pp. 1013-1018, entitled "Control of Gate-Drain Avalanche in GaAs Mesfet's ", (S. Wemple).
|IEEE Transactions on Electron Devices, vol. ED-33, No. 10, Oct. 1986, pp. 1447-1453, entitled "Surface Influence on the Conductance DLTS Spectra of GaAs Mesfet's".
|Li, J.; Semicond. Sci. Technol. 2 (1987); 337 339.
|Li, J.; Semicond. Sci. Technol. 2 (1987); 337-339.
|Miller et al,; "Mechanisms . . . ", IEEE Transactions on Electron Device, vol. ED-34; No. 6; Jun. 1987; 1239-1244.
|Miller et al,; Mechanisms . . . , IEEE Transactions on Electron Device, vol. ED 34; No. 6; Jun. 1987; 1239 1244.
|Solid State Electronics, vol. 29, No. 10, pp. 1087 1097, 1986, entitled Analysis of Capacitance & Transconductance Frequency Dispersions in Mesfets for Surface Char. .
|Solid-State Electronics, vol. 29, No. 10, pp. 1087-1097, 1986, entitled "Analysis of Capacitance & Transconductance Frequency Dispersions in Mesfets for Surface Char.".
|Citing Patent
|Filing date
|Publication date
|Jul 7, 1992
|Jun 28, 1994
|Texas Instruments Incorporated
|Method and system for screening reliability of semiconductor circuits
|Apr 7, 1994
|May 28, 1996
|Texas Instruments Incorporated
|Method and system for screening reliability of semiconductor circuits
|Jun 7, 1995
|Apr 1, 1997
|Texas Instruments Incorporated
|Method and system for screening reliability of semiconductor circuits
|Sep 30, 1996
|Jun 2, 1998
|Vlsi Technology, Inc.
|Contamination monitoring using capacitance measurements on MOS structures
|Nov 30, 2000
|Sep 21, 2004
|Oki Electric Industry Co., Ltd.
|Method of fabricating semiconductor device
|Dec 2, 2011
|May 24, 2016
|DaisyRS, Inc.
|Wireless remote sensing power meter
|Nov 30, 2000
|Jun 7, 2001
|Oki Electric Industry Co., Ltd.,
|Method of fabricating semiconductor device
|Dec 7, 2010
|Jul 11, 2012
|Measuring system of GaN HEMT device transconductance frequency scattering characteristic and method thereof
|Dec 7, 2010
|Dec 25, 2013
|Measuring system of GaN HEMT device transconductance frequency scattering characteristic and method thereof
|U.S. Classification
|324/762.09, 324/73.1
|International Classification
|Cooperative Classification
|European Classification
|Jan 6, 1989
Owner name: SIEMENS AKTIENGESELLSCHAFT, A CORP. OF FED. REP. O
Free format text: ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST.;ASSIGNOR:BILES, KENNETH A.;REEL/FRAME:005017/0316
Effective date: 19881130
Owner name: SIEMENS AKTIENGESELLSCHAFT, A CORP. OF THE FED. RE
Free format text: ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST.;ASSIGNOR:KASEMSET, DUMRONG;REEL/FRAME:005017/0320
Effective date: 19881130
Owner name: SIEMENS AKTIENGESELLSCHAFT, A CORP. OF THE FED. RE
Free format text: ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST.;ASSIGNOR:OLIVER, JAMES D. JR.;REEL/FRAME:005017/0318
Effective date: 19881130
|Jul 19, 1994
|Maintenance fee reminder mailed
|Dec 11, 1994
|Lapse for failure to pay maintenance fees
|Feb 21, 1995
|Expired due to failure to pay maintenance fee
Effective date: 19951214


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Blog about how to take the message of #ShareTheLoad to the next generation! Tell us ways in which you can raise the next generation with the right values of gender equality in the household, and no scope of gender stereotypes.
We call nature our 'Mother', but do you really think we're treating her like in a way that a mother deserves? Today, we are behaving with Mother Nature with utmost disrespect - using up all her resources, killing off forests, rivers and entire ecosystems in our greed for more money and more products. We keep forgetting that we have only one Earth, and this is the planet that is going to sustain our future generations. The good news is that the power is still in our hands, more specifically in the hands of future generations. Blog about 'How to teach our kids to press Ctrl+S for nature?' for the Shortcut Safaari weekend activity and win movie tickets!
While growing up, everyone has ideas and dreams about their first job, their first foray into the professional world. Internships, which were optional a few years back, have now become the norm for youngsters to get the hang of their chosen profession. Your first internship is like being born all over again, as you leave the comfortable world of your college and are thrust into the bright, shiny world of professional adults. Your first internship is a memorable experience, and we're calling all bloggers to relive your internship memories with the #MyInternTheory activity in association with Intern Theory.
For E-commerce bloggers, it is essential to define your audience and take worthy steps to reach out to them. This will be the sole determinant of your marketing plan.
1 per day: If you have just started blogging, then writing consistently might take time. So set a target to have 1 post per day that is well researched.
Tags: Use of relevant tags is important from the SEO perspective. It helps the search engine track your post based on the tags you use.
The clouds have finally dropped their anchors over the nation and waking up to a musical pitter patter is a beautiful routine now. The sun seems to be enjoying a vacation after months of overwork.. Overall, the days have gotten prettier, work doesnÆt seem that frustrating, walks on sidewalks seem to be fun and evenings have taken on a mushy tone. When such a beautiful time coincides with an impending weekend, perhaps thatÆs heaven on earth. As the raindrops on the roof create their own symphonies, we are sure you might be thinking of sitting down with a steaming pakoras and chai, writing a monsoon inspired post.
Our favourite friend, Friday, is back after what seems like eons, and we couldn't be happier! Life is back to being beautiful with long spells of time to check things off your weekend wishlist. As you finally enter your own world of fantasies breathing in serenity around you, we are here to rev up your thoughts a little.
During our time in this world, there are unnoticed moments that actually hold the power to drive our lives into a completely different course, opening doors that we might not have ever thought of. Yes, this might be a little dose of philosophy, but how many of you have actually tried connecting the dots to the minuscule events that catalyze the biggest events? A journey, a meeting or a random encounter - all of these have the power to change our lives, even when we don't see the hand of destiny behind such things.
Reach out to the vast Indian Blogger Community and engage them to propel your brand's visibility in the digital space.
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