text:
|Publication number
|Publication type
|Application number
|Publication date
|Nov 1, 1977
|Filing date
|Jul 1, 1976
|Priority date
|Jul 1, 1976
|Publication number
|Samuel H. Yalkowsky
|Original Assignee
|The Upjohn Company
|Export Citation
|BiBTeX, EndNote, RefMan
|Patent Citations (18), Referenced by (6), Classifications (8)
|External Links: USPTO, USPTO Assignment, Espacenet
This invention relates to a method and apparatus for prilling and more particularly relates to such a method and apparatus capable of producing uniform pharmaceutical prills at a high rate in a minimal space.
While it is contemplated that the method and apparatus of the present invention may be used for prilling of substances other than pharmaceutical mixtures, the present invention arose from a need for packaging of pharmaceuticals in small particles. Thus, by way of example, the present invention will be described in connection with production of pharmaceutical prills.
Many drugs are known to upset the stomach or be inactivated by acidic gastric contents. To be given orally, such drugs must be enteric coated. Due, for example to the randomness of stomach emptying, provision of such a coated drug as a large number of individual coated particles improves the uniformity of drug release than would provision of the same dosage in a single tablet or capsule.
The present applicant is aware of multi-particulate dosage forms, such as micropellets, medules, spansules and others. Both are generally satisfactory but have drawbacks. Micropellets have a cylindrical shape which is difficult to coat. Medules, spansules, etc. have not been found suitable for high drug dosages. All forms are relatively expensive to produce.
A process known as prilling has been used in various industries to produce small particles. Classically, prilling consists of melting a material, allowing it to fall in a narrow stream through an orifice, permitting the stream to break up as it falls into discrete droplets and then permitting the droplets to congeal as they fall further.
For example, urea prills have been produced for fertilizer in large amounts at low cost in commercial prilling towers.
These towers are generally in excess of 300 feet high to permit sufficient cooling time to congeal the prills.
However, such a prilling arrangement was unsatisfactory for the pharmaceutical task at hand, for example in view of the great height of such a conventional prilling tower, which substantially exceeds the height limitations in conventional pharmaceutical plant buildings and would be costly to construct. Further, this prior prilling process disadvantageously would require substantial tower diameter in view of the tendency of the forming prills to spread laterally as they fall. Moreover, such prior prilling systems have yielded prills which vary substantially in diameter, resulting in the need for screening of prills and either recycling or loss of under-and oversized prills. Additionally, the use of such very large prior prilling towels to handle pharmaceuticals, in view of the potency of the raw drug, possible irritation of plant personnel which could be caused by handling of sophisticated pharmaceuticals and chemicals, and the overall safety of the process, would produce substantial problems.
An attempt was made to overcome the problems of such conventional prilling techniques by use of a modified prilling head wherein molten prill mix was forced out of a nozzle in a steady stream, such stream being intersected after leaving the nozzle by three converging streams of air which compress the prill mix stream and then break it up into a shower of droplets. While this reduced the fall height required to solidify the prills, it had major disadvantages, including a highly non-homogenous particle size range and a wide area distribution of finished particles (requiring that such particles be collected from, for example a 24-square-foot area).
Other known methods for forming small spherical pellets of the type desired were found to have one or more disadvantages rendering same unacceptable for the intended use.
During the development of the present invention it was determined that a proper vehicle for the drug must be found, it usually being nonfeasible to melt the drug directly. Requirements for the vehicle included low cost, capability to melt at reasonably low temperature, and capability to act as a good solvent for the drug such that the molten vehicle can dissolve the drug without decomposition of the latter. On the other hand, the vehicle melt temperature cannot be too low or same will not congeal into prills. Once congealed, it must be hard enough to be handled by sizing and coating equipment. Also, such vehicle must be compatible with coating materials for the resultant particles and must dissolve easily in water. Finally, it was determined that such vehicle must be safe for internal use. As hereinafter discussed, such vehicle was found.
The objects and purposes of the present invention include provision of:
1. A method and apparatus for prilling, particularly of pharmaceutical materials, allowing formation of substantially spherical particles in large quantity per unit time and at low cost.
2. A method and apparatus, as aforesaid, capable of forming uniformly sized prills within a relatively short and small diameter drop zone from which solidified prills can be readily gathered and wherein the coolant fluid in the drop zone may be a liquid or gas, such as air.
3. A method and apparatus, as aforesaid, in which prill size and rate of production are precisely controlled by a voltage wave form, wherein the pressure and temperature of the prill mix are precisely controllable, and wherein the apparatus can be constructed largely from readily available commercial parts at low cost.
4. A method and apparatus, as aforesaid, in which dropping of a stream of molten prill material is eliminated and the apparatus includes one or more reciprocable valve members which admit the molten prill material to the coolant fluid in the form of initially separated droplets.
5. A method and apparatus, as aforesaid, capable of forming enteric coatable prills suitable for use in multiparticulate dosages.
6. A method and apparatus, as aforesaid, capable of employing an inexpensive vehicle for the drug to be prilled, which vehicle is capable of melting at a relatively low temperature and is capable of acting as a good solvent for drugs of interest without effecting decomposition of such drug, which is capable of congealing under room temperature conditions and upon congealing is sufficiently hard to be handled by conventional sizing and coating equipment, which is compatible with conventional coating materials and dissolves easily in water and which is safe for internal use.
7. A method and apparatus, as aforesaid, wherein one or more hot melt glue guns are adapted to separate melted pharmaceutical prill mixture into a series of droplets of closely controlled size and frequency before dropping through a cooling fluid.
Other objects and purposes of the invention will be apparent to persons acquainted with apparatus and methods of this general type upon reading the following specification and inspecting the accompanying drawings.
FIG. 1 is a substantially diagrammatic view of a prilling apparatus embodying the invention.
FIG. 2 discloses wave forms produced by portions of the apparatus of FIG. 1.
FIG. 3 is a plot indicating the distribution and size of prills produced in accord with the present invention.
FIG. 4 discloses a multiple gun embodiment of the present invention.
FIG. 5 disloses in diagram form a series of steps involved in an aspect of the present inventive method. de
Certain terminology will be used in the following description for convenience in reference only and will not be limiting. The words "up", "down", "right", and "left" will designate directions in the drawings to which reference is made. The words "front" and "rear" will refer to the direction of material flow through the device, "forwardly" being the normal flow direction. The words "in" and "out" will refer to directions toward and away from, respectively, the geometric center of the apparatus and designated parts thereof. Such terminology will include derivatives and words of similar import.
The objects and purposes of the invention are met by providing a process and apparatus for prilling pharmaceuticals and the like. A mixture supply device provides a melted mixture of a pharmaceutical and a vehicle at a preselected pressure and at a temperature less than the decomposition temperature of the pharmaceutical, such vehicle being solid at normal room temperature. One or more guns receive the melted mixture. A pulse generator provides a train of pulses of preselected frequency and width which through a transducer causes a valve in each gun to periodically open at a frequency and for a duration controlled by the pulse frequency and width. Each gun has a nozzle supplying melted material upon opening of the corresponding valve and from which is ejected a series of spaced droplets of melt mixture at the pulse frequency, which droplets are of size controlled by the pulse width. Means below the nozzle define a gravity drop path for the droplets and contain a fluid for congealing the droplets as they fall along such path to form same into substantially spherical prills.
FIG. 1 discloses a prilling apparatus 10 embodying the invention. Same includes a tank unit 12 for receiving the pharmaceutical prilling mixture. The tank unit 12 includes a tank 13 having a removable cover 14 supporting a motor driven stirrer 15 and a pump 17.
Suitable heating means, such as electric resistance heating elements 21, here shown as being contained within the wall thickness of the tank 13, are actuable to maintain the contents of tank 13 at a desired temperature and in a molten condition. The tank 13 is preferably also thermostated at 22 to indicate the existing temperature of the tank 13 and hence permit accurate control thereof.
The pump 17 may be of any desired kind, but in the particular embodiment shown, may be similar to that disclosed in U.S. Pat. No. 3,815,788 of Reighard et al and assigned to Nordson Corporation of Amherst, Ohio. Such a pump may be characterized as a single-acting sleeve-type air motor driven piston pump wherein compressed air applied to the top of piston 25 downwardly drives the attached piston rod 26. The bottom end 27 of the piston rod 26 coacts with a perforated sleeve 28 open to the bottom portion of tank 13, for forcibly urging a quantity of the melt mixture in tank 13 out through sleeve 28. Air under pressure may be applied to the pump 17 in any convenient way, here including a regulator-filter unit 31 and a solenoid valve 32 connecting a conventional compressed air source 33 to a pump air chamber atop piston 25. The pump 17 is capable of transferring molten prill material out of the tank 13 at a desired pressure, as hereinafter discussed. It will be recognized, however, that pumps of various types may be used for transferring the molten prill material from the tank 13, including, for example, continuous run types, as opposed to discontinuous types as exemplified by the particular pump 17 shown.
The stirrer 15 may be of any desired type but here is air driven from a conventional compressed air source generally indicated at 33A.
The prilling mixture may be admitted to the tank 13 by removal of cover 14, or more conveniently, removal of a portion thereof such as stirrer support 36 or it can be pumped in from a pre-melt tank (not shown).
The outlet portion 28 of pump 17 connects through a conduit 41 to a droplet forming gun 42. The conduit 41 may include, for example, as in aforementioned Nordson U.S. Pat. No. 3,815,788, a subassembly 43 including a filter, check valve and relief valve, for controlling the flow of molten material to the gun 42.
The conduit 41, intermediate its ends, is preferably also provided with suitable heating means, here in the form of an electric resistance heating coil 45, and also with a heat sensing element 46 such as a thermistor or other thermostatic element having an electrical output. In this manner, melt mixture within the conduit 41 can be maintained at the proper temperature such that it retains its molten quality but is not subjected to heat degradation.
The outlet end of conduit 41 connects to the molten material inlet of gun 42.
The gun 42 in a preferred embodiment of the invention was generally of the type shown in U.S. Pat. No. 3,570,725 of Baker et al, assigned to Nordson Corporation of Amherst, Ohio, and, more particularly, was based on the Nordson Model H-20 Hot Melt Glue or Adhesive Gun.
In the particular embodiment shown, the gun 42 includes a melt chamber 49 open to said melt conduit 41. A nozzle 51 is fixed (preferably threadedly and removably) to the body 52 of the gun 42 and opens downwardly from the bottom of melt chamber 49, such that melt mixture in chamber 49 can flow downwardly through the central opening 53 of nozzle 51.
A valve member 55 carried on the lower end of a plunger 56 is vertically reciprocable in the melt chamber 49 so as to alternatively open or close communication between the melt chamber 49 and the upper end of nozzle opending 53. A spring 57 urges the valve member 55 downwardly to close the nozzle 51. A piston 58 is fixed to the plunger 56 adjacent its upper end and is reciprocable in a chamber 59 in gun body 52. The gun body 52 contains an air passsage 61 communicating with the underside of piston 58 for lifting valve member 55 away from nozzle 51 such that a quantity of melt mixture in the gun chamber 49 can escape downwardly through nozzle opening 53. To permit such upward actuation of the plunger 56, the upper end of chamber 59 is vented at 62.
Disposed in the gun body 52 adjacent the melt mixture chamber 49 and the passage 63 connecting same to melt mixture conduit 41, is a heating element 65, preferably a conventional electric resistance heating element. A conventional temperature sensing element 67, such as a thermostatic element or similar device for providing an electrical output in response to temperature variation, is carried by the gun body for monitoring the temperature of melt mixture therein.
An air supply conduit 69 connects a pressurized air supply system 71 to the air passage 63 in gun body 52. In the embodiment shown, the pressurized air supply system comprises an air operated relay valve 72 which when opened supplies conduit 69 from a suitable source of air under pressure, as above mentioned source 33, through a conventional regulator and filter device 73 and if desired a pressure indicator 74. The relay 72 is normally in a closed, or off, condition but has a control input connected through a solenoid valve 76, and if desired a series pressure regulator-filter device 77 and pressure indicator 78 to the mentioned source of air under pressure 33. Thus, actuation of the solenoid valve 76 permits air flow through the patch 33, 77, 78, to the control input of air relay 72, causing same to connect the air supply through the path 73, 74 to the gun air input conduit 69.
The tank unit 12, gun 42 and the inner connecting conduit 41, along with the heating and temperature sensing elements 21, 22, 45, 46, 65 and 67 associated therewith, are surrounded by suitable insulation generally indicated at 81, 82 and 83 to assist the heating and temperature sensing element in maintaining the melt mixture at the proper temperature.
Adjustable temperature controls 87, 88 and 89 have respective electrical inputs from the temperture sensors 22, 46, and 67 and provide electric heating current flow to the resistance heaters 21, 45, and 65, respectively. Each such temperature control provides a temperature read-out meter 91 from which the temperature of the corresponding one of the tank 13, conduit 41 and gun 42 may be read. Each such adjustable temperature control further includes a manual adjustment knob 92 actuable for setting the desired temperature of the corresponding one of the units 12, 41 and 42. Operating potential is applied to the controls 87-89 in any convenient manner as from a suitable electric source 34. The control 87-89 may be of any conventional type, and in the embodiment shown were manufactured by API Instruments and were furnished by Nordson Corporation located at Amherst, Ohio.
Turning now to the control of the solenoid valves 32 and 76, a function generator 94 provides a square wave output as seen at FIG. 2, wave form "a". The function generator 94 includes suitable indicating controls 96 and 97 to set the frequency and amplitude, respectively, of the square wave voltage output therefrom. An example of such a square wave generator is a Model No. 3311A Function Generator manufactured by Hewlett-Packard located at Palo Alto, Calif. The square wave voltage output of function generator 94 is applied to a variable length pulse duration circuit 99 adjustable by a manual control 100 to set the length of the pulses in the square wave train from generator 94, producing a controlled pulse duration train indicated for example at FIG. 2b, which appears on line 102. The pulse duration circuit may be of any convenient type, such as the Model No. C 2 Time Interval Control manufactured by Nordson Corporation located at Amherst, Ohio.
Where, as in the embodiment above discussed, a resettable rather than continuous output melt pump is employed at 17, the prilling apparatus 10 further includes a pump control timer diagrammatically indicated at 105. Timer 105 includes pump operating and pump reset timing portions 107 and 108 each manually adjustable as to time by means of suitable controls 109 and 110. For example, pump reset timer 108 times an interval of 30 seconds duration during which solenoid valve 32 is held off permitting spring return of plunger 26 of pump 17. During this time operation timer 107 is reset and a gate or switch 112 in line 102 blocks the square wave signal in such line preventing application thereof to solenoid valve 76. Upon completion of such pump reset time, timer 108 triggers operating timer 107 to time an operating interval (e.g. 2 minutes) during which time timer 107 actuates gate means 112 and solenoid valve 32 to respectively apply the square wave form on line 102 to solenoid valve 76 and to apply air pressure to the top of piston 25 of pump 17. Under such condition, the pump 17 forces heated melt mixture from tank 13 through conduit 41 into the melt chamber of gun 42 while cyclically operated solenoid valve 76 periodically opens valve 55 at the frequency determined by function generator 94 and for the duration determined by pulse duration circuit 99. The pump control timer 105 may be of any convenient type and, in this case, was furnished by Nordson Corporation.
Where the melt mixture pump employed is a continuous run type, the pump timer 105 can be eliminated with manual controls substituted for energizing solenoid valve 32 and pulse duration circuit 99 direct connected through line 102 to solenoid valve 76.
Disposed immediately below and adjacent the nozzle 51 of gun 42 is a prilling tower 112. By providing a tower in the range of 25-35 feet in height, prilling entirely by air drop can normally be achieved with the gun 42 above described. The tower 112 may be provided, if desired, with a screenlike sloped surface 113 upon which the formed and hardened prills fall and from which same may be withdrawn from the tower 112, as through a port 114. On the other hand, and as diagrammatically indicated in FIG. 5, droplets from the nozzle 51 of gun 42 may drop through a short air space, as of 1/2 to 2 inches as indicated at 116, and then be received in a cooling liquid bath 118 of a few feet of less depth, as hereafter discussed.
As to the method or operation by which prills are formed in accord with the present invention, attention is directed to FIG. 1. Since it is usually not feasible to melt the drug or pharmaceutical to be prilled in a direct manner, a vehicle is provided. The vehicle must, for example, have a melting point which does not exceed the decomposition point of the pharmaceutical and the vehicle should solidify at a convenient temperature, e.g. desirably as a solid at normal room temperature. Other vehicle requirements are discussed hereafter.
The vehicle is melted and the pharmaceutical to be prilled is dissolved or dispersed in the melted vehicle to the desired concentration. Such may be done within the tank 13, or if separately therefrom, the pharmaceutical dispersed in the melted vehicle may be placed in tank 13. While the illustrated FIG. 1 apparatus does not show same, it is contemplated that the tank 13 may be continuously fed from outside source with a mixture of the melted vehicle and pharmaceutical. Stirrer 15 rotates continuously to maintain a uniform circulation of the melt mixture in the tank 13.
Heating elements 21, under the control of the adjustable temperature control 87, maintain the temperature of the melt mixture bath in tank 13 at the desired temperature set manually by means of knob 92.
Where, as shown in FIG. 1, a refillable melt mixture pump 17 is employed, the pump timer schematically shown at 105 sets the pump operating and reset times, for example at 2 minutes and 30 seconds, respectively. During reset, pump timer 105 turns off solenoid valve 32. Air pressure is thus moved from the top of pump piston 25, permitting spring return of piston rod 26 to its upper position shown wherein melt mixture flows into pump tube 28 through the opening shown to fill same. Upon termination of the reset time, pump timer 105 activates solenoid valve 32 which then applies air pressure from source 33 to the top of piston 25 driving the piston rod 26 progressively downwardly such that the bottom of piston rod 26 drives the melt mixture through the conduit 41 to the gun 42. Depending on the volume of the pump 17 relative to the passages 28 and 41 and the melt mixture chamber 49 and gun 42, several cycles of the melt mixture pump may be required to initially load gun chamber 49. During such loading and subsequent operation, the conduit 41 and melt mixture receiving portions of gun 42 are maintained at proper operating temperature by means of respective heaters 45 and 65, thermostatic pickups 46 and 67, and adjustable temperature controls 88 and 89. Control 89 maintains gun 42 at a temperature such that the temperature of melt mixture leaving the nozzle 51 will be at a temperature immediately above its solidification temperature, at least within 5� and preferably within 1�.
Provision of separate adjustable controls 87 and 88 upstream from the gun 42 permit the contents of conduit 41 and tank 13 to be maintained, if desired, at a somewhat higher temperature than the melt mixture in the gun, as to enhance flowability of the melt mixture to the gun and minimize any tendency for isolated portions of the melt mixture in the tank or conduit to cool and solidify prematurely.
With the chamber 49 of gun 42 fully charged with melt mixture at proper temperature as monitored by the readout meter of control 89, and with pump 17 supplying a constant pressure on the melt mixture material, the function generator 94 and pulse duration circuit 99 may be started. The square wave form (FIG. 2a) from function generator 94 with pulse duration set by pulse duration circuit 99 (FIG. 2b) passes through line 102 and the pump timer gate means 112 to solenoid valve 76. The latter triggers air relay 72 for the duration of each such pulse occurring during the operating time of pump timer 105, the gate means 112 precluding such actuation of solenoid valve 76 and air relay 72 during the pump reset time, as generally indicated in FIG. 2c.
The normally closed, or downwardly positioned, gun valve 55 rises away from and opens nozzle passage 53 for the duration of the air pulse produced by air relay 72 in response to each electrical pulse applied to the solenoid valve 76. Gun valve 55 is urged downwardly to close the nozzle passage 53 at the end of each said pulse by spring 57. During each opening of gun valve 55, back pressure on the melt mixture in chamber 49 causes a discrete droplet of melt mixture to pass through and fall from the nozzle 51 of the gun. Each such droplet cools to form a spherical prill.
In practice, it has been found that the frequency of operation of gun 42 can be set as high as 3,000 prills per minute. The pressure applied to the melt mixture, the size of the nozzle opening 53, the viscosity of the hot melt mixture and the duration of opening of valve 55 determine the size of the droplet and hence of the prill. With a given nozzle, nozzle size is fixed, and pressure, viscosity (as a function, for example, of temperature) and valve opening duration are all controllable as above discussed. It has been found that with the above-described apparatus operating in the above-described manner, droplet or prill size is readily selectable, and once selected, it is consistent within relatively close limits.
As seen in FIG. 3, which summarizes the results of a number of runs with apparatus of the above-described type, all runs of such apparatus gave yields of between 85 and 95 percent of the desired particle size range, in this instance 12-20 mesh. This compares with considerably smaller and much more widely variable yields with apparatus wherein molten material was emitted in a stream from the prilling head and broken up into droplets by convergent airstreams after it left such head.
As a practical matter, it has been found that prills in the range of 12-20 mesh (840 to 1680 microns) are ideally sized for use and manufacture of multi-particulate enteric coated dosage systems. The range is narrow enough that there is little or no size segregation during handling and coating. Sample lots in this size range have been coated with complete success. Coated and uncoated prills of this size range flow well and appear to be suitable for handling by conventional processing equipment.
As droplets leave the gun 42, same can be subjected to a drop through air in tower 112 shown in FIG. 1, to cool and solidify same into solid prills capable of further handling without deformation or damage. Depending on vehicle use, and with gun temperature control such that the droplet is substantially at solidification temperature as it leaves the nozzle 51, and with prills in the preferred size range above mentioned, only a relatively short air drop distance is required to sufficiently solidify the prills for further handling. In some instances and particularly where the tower air was cooled and/or upwardly moved, drop distances could be brought down to 25 to 35 feet.
For a more compact gun-tower arrangement, a liquid coolant may be employed as in FIG. 5.
As to the vehicle aspects of the present invention, it has been found that polyethylene glycols in the molecular weight range of between about 4,000 and 6,000 are suitable. Such provides an inexpensive vehicle capable of melting at reasonably low temperature and which is a good solvent capable of dissolving at least some drugs of interest without decomposition. Further, its melting point is sufficiently high that it will congeal at room temperature and once congealed is hard enough to be handled by sizing and coating equipment. Further, it is compatible with cooling materials of interest and dissolves easily in water and is safe for internal use. In particular, polyethylene glycol 6,000 melts at about 56� C. and the molten polymer is a very good solvent from both polar and nonpolar compounds. (It has a Hansch II value of nearly zero.) When congealed, it is very hard and easy to handle and it is highly water soluble and is nontoxic. However other vehicles having suitable physical properties and solvent characteristics may be used.
Several prills formed as above discussed were coated with a cellulose acetate phthalate-di-n-butyl phthalate enteric coating. Coating proceeded without difficulty, indicating compatibility. When used as the vehicle for an insoluble drug, polyethylene glycol was useful in providing rapid dissolution thereof.
Thus, the above-discussed method and apparatus has been used to produce prills containing an active drug. The prills produced were perfectly spherical, easy to handle and coat and dissolved readily in water to release the drug.
In tests, nitrofurantoin was used as a drug, primarily because its yellow color provides a good visual indication of the uniformity of drug dispersal in the polymer vehicle. Prostaglandin F2 alpha has also been successfully used as a drug.
The the present invention has been tested in terms of enteric coated multi-particulate dosage forms, as above discussed, it is also contemplated that utlitity for the present invention would be found in the area of sustained release (coated and uncoated) dosage forms, separation of interacting compounds, handling of dangerous material and incorporation of drugs into animal feeds, as well as in such enteric coated dosage forms.
It may be noted that the prills, even after a 25-foot drop from the gun 42 of FIG. 1, are not as widely scattered as in prior devices such as the air jet device above discussed. Particularly, prills are collected nearly quantitatively in a 2-square-foot area after such a 25-foot drop.
In view of the narrow drop cross section required, it is contemplated that a plurality of guns 42 may be closely arranged side-by-side in a common drop tower or zone as seen in FIG. 4. In FIG. 4, the plural guns are fed melt mixture through plural branch passages 41' of a common melt mixture passage 41 extending from a pump-tank assembly 12' which may be similar to that of FIG. 1. Similarly, operating air pulses are applied through branch air conduits 69' of a common air conduit 69 suitably controlled as by a relay 72 as in FIG. 1. Block C denotes electrical and air control circuitry for the inner relay 72 and pump-tank assembly 12' similar to those components shown in the upper portion of FIG. 1. Thus, with very little additional space required, and primarily with the addition of further guns 42, the capacity of the FIG. 1 system can be substantially multipled as seen in FIG. 4.
The variation shown in FIG. 5 permits a vertically more compact arrangement, the tower 112 being replaced with a short drop (e.g. a foot or less) through air space 116 into a coolant liquid bath 118. In the embodiment shown, the coolant liquid bath contains mineral oil (which because of its viscosity may be relatively shallow, e.g. 4 inches to a foot deep). A screen 121 of appropriate mesh size (e.g. 210 mesh) within the mineral oil bath catches the hardened prills. At the end of a run, a screen is raised and the oil is allowed to drain from the prills back into bath 118. The prills, e.g. still supported on the screen 121, may then be transferred to a further bath 122, e.g. of hexane, to wash the prills free of residual oil. Upon removal from the hexane bath, the prills may be dried, e.g. by moving air propelled by a blower 124, over a catch basin 125. With, or following, this step, under- or oversized prills may be removed by screening as at 127 whereafter acceptable sized prills may be transferred to further processing means 128, e.g. for coating. Under- or oversized prills 129 separated by the screening at 127 may, where practical, be returned to the heated tank 13 of FIG. 1 for reprilling.
Under the present invention, the integration of a hot melt glue gun 42, as above described, into the prilling apparatus, provides a number of advantages, above discussed. A particular advantage, as compared with prior prilling methods above discussed, is that prill size no longer deviates due to changes in atmospheric conditions. More particularly, prill size is determined by conditions at and upstream of nozzle 51 rather than conditions downstream of such nozzle.
In the FIG. 5 system, it is beneficial to impose at least a short airdrop 116 between the nozzle of gun 42 and the liquid bath 118. Such air space provides an insulative interface between the gun nozzle and the liquid bath, enabling the nozzle to be more readily maintained at a temperature above the melting temperature of the prilling mixture, while permitting the liquid bath to be maintained considerably cooler, e.g. signficantly below the solidification temperature of the melt mixture.
As a preferred variation on the FIG. 5 system, it has been found that the mineral oil bath 118 can be eliminated and that the prills of the type mentioned can be air dropped directly into a bath as at 122 of hexane, heptane, Skellysoule� BorC or other inert, nonviscous liquid which can evaporate in air, the inert liquid then being readily removable from the prills by draining or other drying techniques.
It has been found, however, that in a liquid drop sytem such as that of FIG. 5, that the type of catching liquid utilized is critical when spherical prills are desired. Some liquids tested, e.g. methylene chloride, have been found to produce flat rather than spherical prills. It is believed that the melt mixture droplet is stopped momentarily at and by the surface of such liquid, flattened and initially cooled sufficiently as to never regain its spherical shape in dropping further into such liquid. Use of specified drip liquids, such as mineral oil, hexane, heptane, and Skellysol� BorC have avoided this problem.
The present process and apparatus are readily scaled to produce batch volumes or continuous volumes per unit time of prills and may be variable in size. For example, batch sizes as low as 100 grams are readily obtainable.
While the invention has been discussed above in terms of formation of prills for enteric coating, it is also contemplated that a material or materials may be incorporated into the vehicle that would render the vehicle acid insoluble and enteric soluble, examples of such materials including stearic acid, lauric acid, or similar suitable materials. Thus, a subsequent enteric coating of the resultant prills would be unnecessary.
Although particular preferred embodiments of the invention have been discussed in detail for illustrative purposes, it will be recognized that variations or modifications of the disclosed apparatus, including the rearrangement of parts, lie within the scope of the present invention.
|Cited Patent
|Filing date
|Publication date
|Apr 8, 1920
|Oct 11, 1921
|Linebarger Charles E
|Method and apparatus for making small balls or pellets
|Mar 13, 1924
|Apr 21, 1925
|Obersohn Albert
|Process for the manufacture of colloidal substances in the form of small balls or grains
|Jan 5, 1927
|Jun 10, 1930
|Charles E Linebarger
|Method and apparatus for making pellets
|Jan 31, 1934
|Apr 21, 1936
|Vogt Hans
|Process for the thermic treatment of small particles
|Dec 23, 1949
|Jul 5, 1955
|Gen Electric
|Germanium pellets and asymmetrically conductive devices produced therefrom
|Apr 11, 1960
|Jun 4, 1963
|Jr Carl E Fisher
|Pharmaceutical preparations and method and apparatus for making same
|Jun 12, 1961
|Mar 10, 1964
|Apparatus for converting fusible materials
|Jan 23, 1961
|Aug 4, 1964
|Hoffmann La Roche
|Vitamin-containing gelatin beadlets and the process of preparing them
|Oct 5, 1962
|Jan 25, 1966
|Dow Chemical Co
|Method of pelleting pentachlorophenol
|Sep 11, 1963
|Mar 22, 1966
|Sun Oil Co
|Method of preparing slow release fertilizer particles
|Dec 1, 1966
|Apr 8, 1969
|Angler Products Inc
|Method of and apparatus for the manufacture of fish bait
|Jul 20, 1966
|Jul 22, 1969
|Elliott Herbert James
|Pelletisation of fusible substances
|Nov 15, 1968
|Mar 16, 1971
|Nordson Corp
|Applicator having a fixed module with static parts and a removable module with moving parts
|Aug 19, 1971
|Jul 10, 1973
|Corning Glass Works
|Apparatus and method for forming spheres from molten fusible material
|Oct 24, 1972
|Jun 11, 1974
|Nordson Corp
|Thermoplastic applicator including a removable filter
|Jun 1, 1972
|Aug 6, 1974
|Nordson Corp
|Thermoplastic applicator system in which the pump back-pressure controls the dispensing outlet
|Dec 1, 1975
|Nov 9, 1976
|Dr. C. Otto & Comp. G.M.B.H.
|Apparatus for discharging hot liquid material from a pressure vessel
|Jan 27, 1956
|May 2, 1957
|Trifax N V Chemisch Pharmaceut
|Verfahren und Vorrichtung zur Herstellung von nahtlosen gefuellten Kapseln
|Citing Patent
|Filing date
|Publication date
|Apr 14, 1994
|Jan 16, 1996
|Zircoa Inc.
|Apparatus and process for manufacturing balls made of a ceramic material
|Oct 29, 2004
|Aug 19, 2008
|The University Of Mississippi
|Process and apparatus for producing spherical pellets using molten solid matrices
|Dec 29, 2009
|Martin Resource Management Corporation
|Method and system for pelletizing sulfur
|Nov 24, 2010
|Dec 11, 2012
|Brimrock International Inc.
|Method and system for generating sulfur seeds and granules
|Dec 9, 2012
|Apr 8, 2014
|Brimrock International Inc.
|Sulfur granulator system and method
|Oct 26, 2007
|Apr 30, 2009
|Martin Resource Management Corp.
|Method and system for pelletizing sulfur
|U.S. Classification
|425/10, 425/145, 425/143, 425/159, 264/13
|International Classification
|Cooperative Classification
|European Classification


text:
Reviews - The Bristol Hotel - A member of The Doyle Collection4
Harbourside Prince Street, Bristol, BS1 4QF
Price From 197.52 AUDView Rooms
Customer Reviews
Our reviews are from genuine LateRooms.com customers. We verify that the customer has stayed before leaving a review.
Very Good
94% would recommend it to a friend
Customer service
Food quality
Room quality
Excellent Experience
We had a first class experience for our first visit to the Bristol.
Room was very good with an excellent view of the harbour quay. We couldn't fault the service or the quality of breakfast and would have no hesitation in staying again.
Read More Less
Only slight negative was that there is only one lift, which was always full when it came down to the second floor so had to struggle downstairs with bags etc
The room was lovely - lots of space etc - the bathroom however was TINY !.
which was very disappointing and difficult to manoeuvre in. I would like to say the bottle of water on departure was a lovely thought.
Read More Less
Bristol Hotel
A great experience.
Great location, good valve for your money.
Read More Less
great hotel
Thoroughly enjoyed our stay
Comfortable and stylish plus free parking
I had a very pleasant stay in the Bristol hotel.
The room was stylishly decorated, the bed was very comfortable and I really liked the walk-in shower in the bathroom. It was also very convenient to have parking in the NCP carpark next door included in the price.
Read More Less
The Bristol
On the whole a very enjoyable nights stay.
The rooms were excellent as was the breakfast.
Read More Less
lovely hotel
will go back a s a p
Excellent location , great hotel Al round a must stay for all people travelling to bristol
Great stay
Colston hall experience
Lovely location close to all amenities

subset: commoncrawl


text:
Similar Internships
Social Media Content SpecialistZsquare4theCure
Social Media Executive/ Receptionist InternInStile Capital Consulting
Associate Marketing ManagerSignals United
Seattle Advertising Paid Internship Starting JULYDavis Elen Advertising
Advertising network business developmentClickheaven
Social Media InternshipSwitch Idea
Marketing InternCRE8T1V3
SOCIAL MEDIA INTERNSMosaic Filmz
Now Hiring-Internships and Full Time MarketingBookmark This
Skylinemarketing Group Inc
4301 NW 63rd Suite 308 73116
Oklahoma City, OK
Posted: August 05 2014
Always be on the alert for potentially fraudulent job postings online - never send money to a potential employer.
Description of job
We are looking for students and college graduates in the OKC area for paid
full time positions and internship opportunities in our Event Marketing Division.
Applicants should have excellent communication skills, knowledge of Marketing,
Advertising, PR, Events, and business, and a solid understanding and passion for
Responsibilities include:
•Assist in the art direction and execution of marketing campaigns
•Assist in the outreach to consumers
•Assist in creating exciting new branding ideas
•Provide support to campaign managers and associates
•Monitor and oversee set up of events
•Inventory management
RequirementsWhat we are looking for:
* Self-driven, willingness to meet and exceed expectations
* Sense of initiative, can work well with minimal direction
* Great decision-making skills
* Excellent communication skills
* High energy level
* Creative problem-solver
* Strong work ethic
* Burning desire to learn
* Great attention to detail
Please email your resume to firstname.lastname@example.com for
consideration. No attachments please due to the high volume of applicants.
Please copy and paste your resume into the body of the email. Thank you and
good luck!


text:
Login | Sign Up!
Ever want to draw a cartoon of yourself or maybe someone else! This tutorial will show you step by step how to find features about yourself to help turn you into a cartoon. Great lesson for beginners!Classic Mystery Video: ...
by Kksamu gurung
by How To Cook That
by William Jakespeare
by David Burns
by MontMarteArt
by craftpassion
by Howcast


text:
Words formed when one letter is changed in slash
Letter 1 (S) changed: 3 words found:
Letter 2 (L) changed: 4 words found:
Letter 3 (A) changed: 2 words found:
No words found when changing letter 4 (S).
No words found when changing letter 5 (H).
A total of 9 words can be formed from slash by changing one letter.
Some random words: chablis oses ubieties redshank sag wo minx
This is not a dictionary, it's a word game wordfinder.
- Help and FAQ - Examples - Home
Privacy and Cookies Policy - Share - © Copyright 2004-2016 Morewords.com - 67.375mS


text:
Former fugitive accused of killing N.Y. trooper appears in court
Associated Press Writer
BUFFALO, New York- A former fugitive suspected of fatally shooting a state trooper and wounding two others made his first court appearance Saturday, hours after surrendering in a field over the Pennsylvania state line following a five-month manhunt.
Ralph "Bucky" Phillips, who once threatened to "splatter pig meat all over Chautauqua County" in upstate New York, in a reference to police, appeared in U.S. District Court where a judge agreed to turn him over to state police to face a charge of attempted murder of a state trooper in Chemung County.
During the four-minute hearing, the exhausted and unshaven suspect answered "yes" when asked if he was Ralph Phillips and if he had received a copy of the federal complaint charging him with unlawful flight to avoid prosecution.
He stood with his hands folded in front of him as the judge spoke. After the appearance, U.S. Marshals placed a chain around his waist, handcuffed him and led him out of court.
Phillips, a 44-year-old career thief who has spent 20 of the past 23 years in state prison, surrendered Friday night without firing a shot. The arrest capped the state's largest manhunt after a frantic day that included troopers firing at Phillips as he hid in woods.
Federal prosecutor Terrance Flynn said he did not know when Phillips would be transferred to Chemung County, near the Pennsylvania line, where trooper Sean Brown was wounded on June 10.
State officials also expect to charge Phillips in the shootings, one fatal, of two troopers in Chautauqua County on Aug. 31. Authorities said he ambushed the two troopers as they staked out the home of Phillips' former girlfriend.
Police have said he could also be charged with burglary and larceny for allegedly stealing more than a dozen vehicles and breaking into numerous cabins and a gun store while on the run.
Phillips, who had also threatened to commit "suicide by cop," had been placed on the FBI's 10 Most Wanted list Thursday. The threat to "splatter pig meat" was in a note he left behind when he left the Chautauqua County Jail several years ago.
On Saturday, hundreds of law enforcement officials and friends mourned trooper Joseph Longobardo, who died after the Aug. 31 ambush, at a wake. The other trooper, Donald Baker Jr., remains in critical condition at a Pennsylvania hospital.
"It's been hard on the family because they never got a chance to say goodbye," said Doug McCrindle, a family friend. "At least we know he's been captured, but that's not going to bring (Longobardo) back."
After his capture, Phillips was kept overnight in an isolation cell. "He seemed to be very quiet and reserved," said Erie County Sheriff Timothy Howard. He wouldn't say if Phillips made any statements to police.
Howard said he had no plans to talk with Phillips. "I feel nothing but contempt and disgust for the man," he said.
Phillips broke out of an Erie County jail in April, using a can opener to cut his way through a ceiling.
Since his escape, he had twisted his way throughout southwestern New York and northwestern Pennsylvania, stealing cars, burglarizing homes and camps and relying on acquaintances for help, police said.
On Friday, shortly before 2 a.m. (0600 GMT), a police officer in Pennsylvania tried to pull over a car police said Phillips had stolen. After a short chase, the car crashed and Phillips bolted into the woods.
A half-hour later, Phillips stole a second car and drove back into New York, where troopers began a second chase, authorities said.
Phillips jumped out of the moving car and ducked into another wooded area, zigzagging back and forth between New York and Pennsylvania, authorities said. Dogs tracked his scent for several hours until he was spotted by two troopers, Bennett said.
As troopers approached, Phillips wheeled around with a pistol in his hand but did not fire, police said. One of the troopers fired an undisclosed number of shots as Phillips disappeared into thick woods.
Just before nightfall, 25 police officers and 12 dogs swept through a field where he was thought to be hiding. He gave himself up around 8 p.m. (0000 GMT), police said.
On the Net:
Associated Press Writer Candace Choi in Saratoga Springs, N.Y. contributed to this report.
Copyright Associated Press. All rights reserved. This material may not be published, broadcast, rewritten, or redistributed.
Recommended Legal
Man admits killing off-duty La. deputy to escape death penalty
Ky. bill would make targeting public safety workers a hate crime
House squabbles over police transparency in NC body camera bill
State Supreme Court: Detroit cops accused of lying can't be charged
Judge to NYPD: Pay Muslim officer who sued over beard length
Join the discussion
PoliceOne top 5
1 Police driver acquitted of all charges in Freddie Gray death
2 NC councilwoman: Cops are the most dangerous people with guns
4 Supreme Court places new limits on drunk driving test laws


text:
Half-life 3 listed to appear at Gamescom: A mistake, says organiser
About a billion gamers got excited this morning when reports started to appear online that the latest chapter in Valve's superb Half-life series, Half-life 3, was to be shown at Gamescom in Germany this week. It also seemed certain that Electronic Arts would be demoing Dragon Age 3.
However, the overeager members of the press have now been told that neither of the games will actually make an appearance at the games convention. Instead, the organiser of Gamescom has informed Eurogamer that the listing of both games as being at the show was "a mistake".
Both Half-life 3 and Dragon Age 3 had appeared on a list of "new products/releases" accessible via the official Gamescom website, but incorrectly it now turns out.
No explanation has been given for their original appearance, although a disclaimer on the document (in German) translates to: "Please take note of the sources: exhibitors, media, intenet forums, blogs. No responsibility is taken for the correctness of this information."
So, it seems the organiser has caused rather a wild goose chase across the web.
Then again, maybe Valve does have something up its sleeve after all...
What do you think? Should Valve use Gamescom to announce its biggest title for a considerable while? Let us know in the comments below...
Best games coming in 2016: All the latest PS4, Xbox One, Wii U, PC and PS VR trailers
Microsoft deal offers US students a free Xbox One with Surface Pro 4
You can now play Oculus Rift games on HTC Vive (again)
Fallout: New Vegas comes to Xbox One backwards compatibility, you can finish...
- Microsoft deal offers US students a free Xbox One with Surface Pro 4
- Best games coming in 2016: All the latest PS4, Xbox One, Wii U, PC and PS VR trailers
- You can now play Oculus Rift games on HTC Vive (again)
- Fallout: New Vegas comes to Xbox One backwards compatibility, you can finish it at last
- How Xbox One backwards compatibility works: The Xbox 360 games list and more
- Steam's summer sale: All the best game deals and hardware discounts
- Virtual reality needs a defining game, says Batman: Arkham VR publisher
- PlayStation Neo (PS4K) vs Project Scorpio: What's the rumoured difference?
- Best Xbox One games at E3 2016: Gears 4, Forza Horizon 3, ReCore, Sea of Thieves and more
- Best PS4 games at E3 2016: God of War, Days Gone, Spider-Man, Horizon: Zero Dawn and more
- Samsung Galaxy Note 7 vs Note 5 vs Note 4: What's the rumoured difference?
- Best smartphones 2016: The best phones available to buy today
- Samsung Galaxy Note 7: Release date, rumours and everything you need to know
- Motorola Moto G4 review: Budget phone king goes large, remains in charge
- BlackBerry Hamburg could be called BlackBerry Neon, first press picture leaks


text:
Related videos
You need to upgrade your Adobe Flash Player to watch this video.
Download it from Adobe.
Download it from Adobe.
Office Dominatrix Fucks Boss
Submitted by Anonymous 1533 days ago
- 17I like
this videoThank you for voting!
- I dislike
this videoThank you for voting!
FavouritesAdd to favorites
Thank you for favoriting!
Subcribe to this video owner
Best videos of the day
100%16:42 They wake up and are both horny so knock one off before bre 71%15:14 Ala in stockings 75%05:54 Unfaithful english mature lady sonia shows her heavy boobies 100%05:01 Busty Ebony Babe Rachel Raxxx Plays With Her Juggs 66%10:04 Female agent in pantyhose gets banged 100%07:11 Dilettante bitch gladly jumps on a hard as rock ramrod 50%05:18 Dirty whore mom cookie stretched 83%07:20 Turkish islamic cum in mouth 100%05:12 Adorable czech cutie is teased in the mall and penetrated in 100%07:29 Huge titted pregnant brunette masturbate on camera 100%05:09 Brunette girl loses virginity and gets fucked 77%10:00 Busty Chubby Granny Fucks Her Hairy Pussy


text:
28-17688 - 1000:1 ratio Micro Metal Gear Motor
This miniature, high-torque gearmotor has a 1000:1 gearbox, making it a great choice for applications requiring fine control at very low speeds. These units have a 0.365"-long, 3 mm-diameter D-shaped output shaft.Key specs at 6 V: 14 RPM and 40 mA free-run, 70 oz-...
Mfr Name: Pololu Robotics & Electronics
Mfr Number: 1596
83-13318BEZEL - 4.3" Bezel Bezel For Touchscreen
Optional Bezel for the 83-13318 4.3" touchscreen LCD.
Mfr Name: Earth LCD
Mfr Number: BEZEL-4.3
124-10155 - 6A Variable DC/DC Converter 4.5-14V Input 0.59-6V Output
The OKR-T/3 series are miniature SIP non-isolated Point-of-Load (PoL) DC/DC power converters measuring only 0.41 x 0.65 x 0.22 inches (10.4 x 16.5 x 5.6 mm) with a wide input range of 4.5 to 14 Volts DC. These highly efficient Point of Load (PoL) modules features ...
Mfr Name: muRata Power Solutions
Mfr Number: OKR-T/6-W12-C
28-17660 - 100:1 ratio Micro Metal Gear Motor
This gearmotor is a miniature (0.94" x 0.39" x 0.47"), high-quality, high-power motor with 100:1 metal gearbox, similar to Sanyo's popular 12 mm gearmotors. These units have a 0.365"-long, 3 mm-diameter D-shaped output shaft.Key specs at 6 V: 320 RPM and 80 mA fre...
Mfr Number: 1101
27-12512 - 4 Pin Dual Row Pin Headers
2 Row Vertical Header
A gold-plated vertical header.
Mfr Name: Harwin
Mfr Number: M22-2020405
83-14783 - FTDI Friend
Long gone are the days of parallel ports and serial ports. Now the USB port reigns supreme! But USB is hard, and you just want to transfer your every-day serial data from a microcontroller to computer. What now? Enter the FTDI Friend!
Mfr Name: Adafruit Industries
Mfr Number: 284
83-14869 - Data Logging Shield
Dedicated and well-designed data logging shield for Arduino.
Mfr Number: 1141
28-17943 - BASIC Stamp 2 Microcontroller
The BASIC Stamp 2 serves as the brains inside of electronics projects and applications that require a programmable microcontroller. It is able to control and monitor timers, keypads, motors, sensors, switches, relays, lights, and more. Programming is performed in...
Mfr Name: Parallax
Mfr Number: BS2-IC
25-6025 - Mini 8x8 Green LED Matrix
Great for projects - This LCD matrix has everything the larger matrices have but in a 0.8" square.
Mfr Number: 861
83-16714 - 92mm X 92mm X 25mm 12 Volt DC Fan
This fan features single phase motor technology, an innovative casing, excellent airflow, and is ip54 rated (oil and water resistant.)
Mfr Name: MCM
Mfr Number: 3610VL-04W-B30-B00
83-16774 - 119mm X 119mm X 25mm 48 Volt DC Fan
This fan features dual ball bearings which provide long-life and reliability. It also has a very low noise output, and a plastic housing and impeller.
Mfr Number: 4712KL-07W-B30-P00
83-16718 - 92mm X 92mm X 25mm 12 Volt DC Fan
Mfr Number: 3610VL-04W-B70-E00
287-2468 - T5 Timing Pulley 20 Teeth
Timing belts and pulleys are an excellent way to translate the rotary motion of an electric motor the linear motion with a high degree of precision and with zero slippage. Exceptionally popular in the construction of 3D printers, but amazingly useful anywhere mec...
Mfr Name: MFA
Mfr Number: 919D9
28-17658 - 50:1 ratio Micro Metal Gear Motor
This gearmotor is a miniature (0.94" x 0.39" x 0.47"), high-power brushed DC motor with 50:1 metal gearbox, similar to Sanyo's popular 12 mm gearmotors. These units have a 0.365"-long, 3 mm-diameter D-shaped output shaft.Key specs at 6 V: 625 RPM and 100 mA free-r...
Mfr Number: 998
28-18090 - Flora Light Sensor Module
The Adafruit Flora Light Sensor uses the best light sensor on the market, the TSL2561, ideal for use in a wide range of light situations. The light sensor will allow you to measure both visible light, hidden light or a combination of both
Mfr Number: 1246
I have used MCM for many years and would give high recommendation for getting the job done right.


text:
Full name J Hembrook
Born date unknown
Major teams KwaZulu-Natal Women
|Bat & Bowl
|Match Date
|0, 1/15
|KZN Women
|v FS Women
|13 Feb 2011
|Other OD
|KZN Women
|v North West W
|12 Feb 2011
|Other OD
|KZN Women
|v FS Women
|7 Nov 2010
|Other OD
What has to be done to save Test cricket? (83)
A two-division structure will give the format the shake-up it needs. It's important for fans of the traditional game to embrace change
Why Kumble could work out better for India than Greg Chappell did (78)
He understands the Indian mentality better and doesn't have to deal with star players on the wane
More headaches for struggling South Africa (74)
As South Africa's slump gets deeper after the triangular series exit, ESPNcricinfo looks at three areas that need special focus and could possibly salvage them
Pakistan, Arthur unite in quest for redemption (47)
Three years on from his sacking as Australia's coach, Mickey Arthur believes the same adherence to discipline will help Pakistan achieve redemption in England
Yasir and Sarfraz: can we hear an ai hai hai? (14)
The pairing of legspinner and keeper is unlike any other in cricket, and full of rich and complex dynamics


text:
Skip Navigation
Log in with Facebook
Stencil Graffiti on a Police Station in Lagos
No comments yet.
Be the first to comment on this photo!
To comment on photos, you need to login first.
Have you forgotten your username or password? Retrieve Your Login Details
515 France Photos
78 Hungary Photos
365 Indonesia Photos
102 Guatemala Photos
92 Denmark Photos
381 Chile Photos
8 Tonga Photos
26 Albania Photos
578 Spain Photos


text:
Be the first to like this
Published on
"The report "LED Lighting: Market Shares, Strategies, and Forecasts, Worldwide, 2013 to 2019″ is now available at Reportsnreports.com Contact email@example.com with "LED Lighting: Market Shares, Strategies, and Forecasts, Worldwide, 2013 to 2019" in subject line and your contact details to purchase this report or get your questions answered. LED lighting products are coming to market rapidly. Suppliers carry up to 150 different LED bulb and lamp styles to fit the various needs of consumers and businesses.
LED PAR lamps dominate the ENERGY STAR qualified product list, so back in 2012 IEE partnered with Top Ten USA and Ecova to develop recommendations for top performing PAR38 and PAR30 LED lamps. The team developed an evaluation protocol that starts with the lamps found in ENERGY STAR's list, to which we applied product criteria screens and testing to a subset of lamps to determine the 10 top performers. Efficiency along with aesthetics, payback period, and dimming performance were key criteria to the ranking.


text:
I hate to write this travel report. I don't want too many people to find my favorite spot. Came back from a four night trip to Jekyll Island. Nearly perfect. Why?
Jekyll is owned by the state of Georgia. It has large tracks of undeveloped beach areas and virgin marine forests. When you are on the beach you are likely to see more fiddler crabs than people.
We stayed at the new Hampton Inn. (Free because of award points.) It was nice with quiet rooms. The AC worked great. We had two standard rooms but they were large. The pool was steps away and a board walk took us to the ocean. My only complaint was they were stingy with towels - not a good thing for a beach resort. The hotel is secluded, nearly a mile from the closest hotel or house.
Bring your own bikes, because you will want to coast through the marsh trails and rentals are pricey. Jekyll has an extensive network of trails. I do believe you could stay on the island for a week without driving.
Jekyll has good restaurants. We followed TA advice and never went wrong.
I'm ready to go back!
Recent ActivityView all United States activity »
- 1 Las vegas +21
- 2 1st Visit to USA with kids in Jul-Aug, SFO,LA,SD & LAS - 21 days. Need Help
- 3 Need Advice For Trip with 16year old son-
- 4 The Great Debate, What is Worth Precious Money and Time in NYC
- 5 Sacramento to South Lake Tahoe to Riverside, CA
- 6 Southwest charging USD15/ for early bird check in
- 7 Island of Oahu: looking for cheap accommodation
- 8 Road trip from Boston to Florida
- 9 Phone SIM
- 10 60th birthday trip to Vermont, NH, Maine in October
- 11 Zion NP & Las Vegas with Kids for 3 days in July - Please Help
- 12 Trip Idea for Thanksgiving Break
- 13 Limited time on Maui: Advice please
- 14 Savanah Sojourn
- 15 Gotta Go To Stanford U Medical Center
- 16 ONE WAY car rental from NYC to BOS
- 17 San Francisco - Best place to see street art
- 18 Travel suggestions from Mystic, CT to Bar Harbor, Maine
- 19 Black Hills, Mount Rushmore, Badlands Trip Report
- 20 Driving from San Francisco Airport to San Rafael
- 21 Newark to Paris
- 22 A June trip to Kauai
- 23 Do you have suggestions on my first roadtrip South-West USA?
- 25 Avoiding Los Angeles Traffic
Jekyll Island - Fab Family Destination
I hate to write this travel report. I don't want too many people to find my favorite spot. Came back from a four night trip to Jekyll Island. Nearly perfect. Why?
Report Abuse
Glad to hear you liked the Hampton Inn. Can't wait to try it.
Report Abuse
Glad to hear you had a great time on JI. We've been going there (both with and without the kids) for over 20 years. In fact, we're going back with the kids, now grown, again next month. That's great advice to bring your own bikes because the trails are great and the rentals are pricey. I just wish we could do that, but we have to fly to JI as it is too far for us to drive for a short visit.
BTW, did you go to the Summer Waves water park. We love water parks, but I heard that the wavepool may be closed this season. Do you know anything about that?
Report Abuse
The wave pool was open. We like to go after 3 p.m. when the park entrance is half price. Three hours of climbing stairs and riding the waves is enough.
Starrs: They allow dogs at teh Hampton Inn. The second floor is set aside for those traveling with four legged companions.
Report Abuse
We used to take our bikes until our kids grew up and moved out. Now we sometimes go the rental route. It's cheaper to rent by the week, and Wheel Fun located at the Days Inn & Suites is cheaper than the Bike Barn at the mini-golf.
I think we'll take our bikes from now on. Like a boat or car, you get used to your own stuff, and you've already fit it and customized it to your wants and needs. I always feel a little awkward with a rental.
Hope the Hampton gets the message and stops skimping on towels. But that seems to be a recurring theme with hotels these days, even the more pricey ones. My wife won a trip for 2 to Chateau Elan about a month ago. The room was nice, the bath was huge, but we had one set of towels and washcloths apiece. They had really nice, warm, plush terrycloth robes, however - or I should say one robe, as that's all there was.
We usually just tell the housekeepers to leave us extras - or "borrow" them from the laundry cart.
Report Abuse
Thanks, palmettoprincess. We were planning on doing the discount visit after 3pm as well. My knees won't take more than 3 hours of climbing stairs!
Report Abuse
PalmettoPrincess you are so right! The bike trails and uncrowded beaches are reason enough to go, but I love the historic section too. One of my favorites.
Report Abuse
OMG palmettoprincess! I just saw this!
Jekyll Island, here I come (with pup)
Report Abuse
We love Jekyll too! My husband shared this family secret with me and I love it. I miss the white sands of Grayton Beach but this place is just as quiet and relaxed!
We enjoy the whole island. We always bring our bikes. The sandbar at low tide is fun and free.
Walking on the south beach is even more remote than the north end, but wear bug spray on the walk out! We saw dolphins and LOADS of birds there.
We also go to the water park later in the day. It is still very hot then and we have never had issues with crowds or anything. Even the youngest enjoyed it. My children were exhausted but didn't want to leave. You are not allowed to bring outside food in to the park unless you have an infant/toddler. So we enjoyed some forbidden goldfish and water for a snack!
We normally rent a house or something. I have NEVER stayed in a motel there. I enjoy my own kitchen, etc. Our latest favorite is http://www.rentjekyll.com/0049/0049.htm due to its location and price. We can rent several for friends or family! I love the fact we are off the road enough the kids can ride around the unit without fear. The other good thing is you get pool passes with this unit and you don't have to wait until super low tide to get some sand showing at the beach. There are only 4 units and even with an infant next door we had a peaceful stay. We even had access to a grill. What I love about Jekyll is everyone is I can relax even with the kids! No rush here or rush there. I live in the mountains and enjoy nature so I don't want a place that is all built up - I want a place to enjoy nature and that's exactly what Jeyll is!
We normally go late May / early June... less bugs and not so hot that we can't enough biking and such.
See ya at Jekyll
Sign in to comment.


text:
Marceau family vows to keep fighting
Relevant offers
The family of slain teenager Christie Marceau say they plan to continue with their crusade to hold judges accountable and tighten bail laws in the wake of her killer's "insufficient" sentence.
Akshay Anand Chand, 19, was handed down a three-year term for Christie's kidnapping and assault at the High Court at Auckland yesterday.
The previous day, he was found not guilty of her murder by reason of insanity and sent to a psychiatric hospital indefinitely.
Justice Helen Winkelmann said the jail time would be served concurrently while Chand was in the facility.
Christie, 18, was stabbed to death by Chand at her Hillcrest home on November 7, 2011. He committed the crime while on bail for her kidnap and assault.
During the initial attack he held Marceau at knifepoint and made her undress, terrifying her, before letting her escape and trying to take his own life.
Psychiatrists later found that Chand was suffering from a psychotic disorder, most likely schizophrenia. He heard voices and believed Christie was "the devil".
However, while he was deemed insane at the time of the murder, he still had some control at the time of the earlier assault, hence the difference in sentencing.
Christie's family rejected the insanity verdict, with her father Brian Marceau reading a statement to media outside the court, saying he could not understand how someone could be "both guilty and not guilty".
"For us no sentence will ever be sufficient for the loss of Christie. It will never bring her back or even make us feel that justice has actually been done," Mr Marceau said.
"We do not agree with the term "not guilty by reason of insanity" for us he will always be Christie's murderer and in our eyes he will always be guilty."
Christie's mother, Tracey Marceau, said she would continue to fight for harsher bail laws and judge's accountability in the name of her daughter.
"That is very strong on our agenda. We feel that Christie should have still been here, she should have been alive and I think that after all that's come out in the courts, in the last couple of days, there's a strong indication that she was taken away from us unjustly," Mrs Marceau said.
"She had that right to live. Everything has been about the offenders' rights, but she had rights."
Chand's lawyer did not make a public statement yesterday, nor did his family.
In court, his counsel Mary-Anne Lowe asked the judge to consider Chand's age and mental health in sentencing him.
Lowe said he was suffering from ''pervasive and severe'' undiagnosed schizophrenia and lacked insight into his offending.
She also said it could not be ruled out that he was remorseful, despite evidence given that an apology letter written to the court was designed specifically to fool authorities into letting him out of jail.
Justice Winkelmann found that Christie's life had been "fundamentally changed" after the kidnapping.
She and her family were frightened and stressed, with Mrs Marceau now sometimes "crippled" by fear.
She acknowledged Chand had been suffering a mental illness but was coherent enough not to go through with the rape, showing some moral judgement.
However, she was not satisfied he was genuinely remorseful.
Chand will now become a "special patient" and will not be allowed free until the Minister of Health approves his release.
- Auckland Now
Sponsored links
Live: Police urge Caleb Kovaleski to hand himself in as manhunt enters second day
Palmerston North suburb in lockdown as manhunt continues
Marlborough transgender student's bathroom battle brings about change
Tony Quinn wants the Grand Prix at Hampton Downs
What it's like to win a $22m powerball
Tobacco price hike could lead to more robberies- dairy owner
Field trip student with suspected meningitis discharged from hospital
Reserve Bank minutes claim Newshub initially denied leaking OCR
Fatally injured inmate 'tried to clean his own blood'
Deportation order cancelled for Invercargill mum Clarissa Garces
The tiny South Otago town with the big heart
Thames or Manukau, Auckland port move will cost billions
The tiny South Otago town with the big heart
Rising damp a major problem in Wellington houses - Victoria University
Live: Police urge Caleb Kovaleski to hand himself in as manhunt enters second day
Killed worker's wife: 'I just want to grieve, I don't want to keep hearing stories'
Mitsubishi recalling 27,000 NZ vehicles
30 things you could do with $30 million
Explosive waste plagues Auckland property following flooding
$2.2m fine in real estate price-fixing case
House from The Castle faces demolition
Live: Police urge Caleb Kovaleski to hand himself in as manhunt enters second day
What it's like to win a $22m powerball
Tofu shows it can play yet another part. This time, it acts like feta
Reserve Bank minutes claim Newshub initially denied leaking OCR
'Jacked' Brock Lesnar fires back at Mark Hunt over doping claims ahead of UFC 200
Working for Families system 'not properly helping those most in need'
Live: Police urge Caleb Kovaleski to hand himself in as manhunt enters second day
Comedian Guy Williams hosts the kids panel at an Auckland primary school
Young people limiting retirement savings by choosing wrong funds
Dog walker finds remains on the shore of Loch Ness
School and kindergarten closed as search for fugitive in Palmerston North continues
Australian mining heiress sheds the kilos as amazing photo shows
Viktor Troicki joins Wimbledon hall of shame with angry rant at umpire, 'you're horrible'
Mystery of the Solar Boys: brothers become inexplicably paralysed when the sun sets


text:
A two-out error in the ninth inning allowed the game-tying run to score and a two-out error in the 10th inning forced in the go-ahead runs, lifting Ball State to a 10-8 win over No. 22 Kentucky, in the opener of the three-game series, on Friday at Cliff Hagan Stadium.
Click here for the original story.
Welcome to SECTalk.com
|Welcome to SECTalk.com -- The Home of 6 Straight National Titles!
You are currently accessing our site as a guest which means you can't access all of our features such as social groups, sports betting, and many more. By joining our free community you will have access to all of these great features as well as to participating in our forums, contacting other members, and much more. Registration only takes a minute and SECTalk.com is absolutely free, so please join today!
If you have any problems registering or signing in, please contact us.
Latest Topics
Latest News
Top Bettors
Top High Fived
Two-Out Errors in Ninth, 10th Innings Hand Ball State Series Opener
Started by UKat, Mar 07 2014 07:24 PM
Similar Topics
|Started By
|Last Post Info
The Magnolia State Thread Part 2
Started by ForwardRebels, 16 Sep 2014 In: SEC Sports → SEC Trash Talk
- Hot 6,985 replies
- 102,927 views
The State: What kind of tailgater are you?
Started by GAMECOCK_FAN, 27 Jun 2016 In: The East → South Carolina Sports → South Carolina News
- 0 replies
- 59 views
Auburn football to face Penn State in 2021 and 2022
Started by Spunk, 27 Jun 2016 In: The West → Auburn Sports → Auburn News
- 0 replies
- 61 views
Gators Make Quick Exit from College World Series
Started by gatoraus, 21 Jun 2016 In: The East → Florida Sports → Florida News
- 0 replies
- 71 views
College World Series Primer: Gators vs. Texas Tech
Started by gatoraus, 20 Jun 2016 In: The East → Florida Sports → Florida News
- 0 replies
- 93 views