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|By Marketwired .
Article Rating:
|November 9, 2012 08:20 AM EST
NEW YORK, NY -- (Marketwire) -- 11/09/12 -- The global demand for mobile devices such as smartphones and tablets has provided significant growth opportunities for companies across the technology sector. IHS iSupply forecasts global capital spending on the 4G/LTE infrastructure to nearly triple from the expected $8.7 billion in 2012 to $24.3 billion in 2013. The Paragon Report examines investing opportunities in the Communications Industry and provides equity research on Ciena Corporation (NASDAQ: CIEN) and Oclaro, Inc. (NASDAQ: OCLR).
Access to the full company reports can be found at:
Shares of telecom equipment providers were boosted Wednesday after AT&T announced plans to invest approximately $14 billion over the next three years to expand its wireless and wireline broadband networks. Of the $14 billion, $8 billion will be devoted to networks, while the other $6 billion is for wireline equipment.
"AT&T's announcement of billions of dollars in new investment in wired and wireless broadband networks is proof positive that the climate for investment and innovation in the U.S. communications sector is healthy," said U.S. Federal Communications Commission Chairman Julius Genachowski in a statement.
Paragon Report releases regular market updates on the Communications Industry so investors can stay ahead of the crowd and make the best investment decisions to maximize their returns. Take a few minutes to register with us free at www.ParagonReport.com and get exclusive access to our numerous stock reports and industry newsletters.
Ciena is a provider of communications networking equipment, software and services that support the transport, switching, aggregation and management of voice, video and data traffic. For the fiscal fourth quarter 2012 the company expects revenues in the range of $455 million to $480 million. Shares of Ciena jumped nearly 10 percent Wednesday.
Oclaro is one of the largest providers of lasers and optical components, modules and subsystems for the optical communications, industrial, and consumer laser markets. For the fiscal first quarter of 2013 the company reported revenues of $148.8 million, compared with revenues of $104.4 million in the fourth quarter of fiscal 2012. For the fiscal second quarter the company expects revenues to range from $145 million to $162 million.
The Paragon Report has not been compensated by any of the above-mentioned publicly traded companies. Paragon Report is compensated by other third party organizations for advertising services. We act as an independent research portal and are aware that all investment entails inherent risks. Please view the full disclaimer at:
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Before the 100 meter sprint I was definitely brewing a shartonnay. Right as I crossed the finish line I popped the cork and sharted all over my legs and shoes. I need to do some laundry.
by jerichosalvant October 16, 2009
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text:
|Publication number
|Publication type
|Application number
|Publication date
|Apr 4, 1995
|Filing date
|Nov 2, 1993
|Priority date
|Nov 4, 1992
|Fee status
|Also published as
|Publication number
|Hagen Ruppin, Stephan Mohr, Werner Breitwieser
|Original Assignee
|Hottinger Baldwin Messtechnik Gmbh
|Export Citation
|BiBTeX, EndNote, RefMan
|Patent Citations (12), Non-Patent Citations (2), Referenced by (19), Classifications (8), Legal Events (6)
|External Links: USPTO, USPTO Assignment, Espacenet
The invention relates to foil strain gages and to load cells comprising such foil strain gages. The foil strain gage includes a backing and a measuring resistor grid on the backing.
Foil strain gages of the type mentioned above are known from British Patent 728,606 (Eisler), published on Apr. 20, 1955. According to this publication, a meandering measuring resistor grid is formed of a very thin rolled out metal foil by a photolithographic etching technique, whereby the ends of the measuring resistor grid are formed as contact area. Thereafter, an electrically insulating epoxy resin backing is applied to the metal foil. Since the epoxy resin backing is rather brittle, it is necessary to handle such foil strain gages with the utmost care and precaution during manufacturing, during handling, and during application of the foil strain gage to an element in which forces are to be measured in order to avoid breaking the strain gage. The same basically applies to load cells comprising such foil strain gages. The same considerations apply to strain gages with backings made of phenolic resin. As a result, conventional strain gages with epoxy resin backings and with phenolic resin backings have not been used in tension analysis applications.
Suggestions have been made to reinforce phenolic and epoxy resin backings with glass fiber fleeces. However, foil strain gages having such backings are still rather brittle and break easily, especially during cutting and during handling. Another drawback of glass fiber reinforced backings is seen in the fact that the glass fiber fleeces themselves have faults so that the waste is quite substantial during manufacture and application of such strain gages in cells and transducers.
Foil strain gages with polyimide or polyamide backings are known to have rather robust characteristics and strain gages of this type have been used in tension analysis applications. However, strain gages with polyimide or polyamide backings are not suitable for precision measurements, due to their strong creeping characteristics.
Another problem with conventional foil strain gages resides in the fact that the backing and/or the cover or encapsulation changes its characteristic in response to the relative humidity either by swelling or by shrinking. Both, swelling and shrinking are undesirable because they cause a direct change in the resistance of the measuring grid, whereby a humidity dependent null signal is unavoidable. Still another drawback of conventional foil strain gages is the fact that the creeping characteristic is temperature dependent. Such dependency of the creeping on the temperature is not easily controlled with economically feasible compensating measures, whereby these strain gages are useful only for predetermined temperature ranges. Swelling and/or shrinking have an even larger adverse effect on the measured result when the backing of the strain gage and the cover of the strain gage are exposed to conditions causing swelling and/or shrinking. German Patent (DE-PS) 4,011,314, corresponding to U.S. Pat. No. 5,192,938 (Ort), issued on Mar. 9, 1993, discloses foil strain gages with a backing of polyphenylenesulfide. These foil strain gages have excellent robust mechanical characteristics with optimal creeping properties and a very small tendency to swell. PPS provides an excellent seal against moisture penetration. Furthermore, foil strain gages with polyphenylenesulfide backings can be manufactured economically and these strain gages are free of hysteresis faults as well as faults that can be caused by the environment so that highly precise measuring load cells can be produced. However, there is still room for improvement regarding the bonding of the measuring resistor grid structure to the polyphenylenesulfide backing and to the covering. These improvements are especially desirable with regard to the peel strength between the measuring resistor grid structure and the backing, and with regard to the thermal resistance, especially at very high temperatures.
In view of the above it is the aim of the invention to achieve the following objects singly or in combination:
to construct a foil strain gage and a load cell using such a foil strain gage in such a manner that the respective measuring characteristic is highly linear while simultaneously achieving optimally small or negligible creep characteristics of the overall foil strain gage structure which includes the backing, adhesive bonding, the resistor grid structure and normally a cover;
the foil strain gage and the load cell shall be economical in their manufacture while still providing the required peel strength between the measuring grid and the backing as well as between the measuring grid and any covering;
the thickness of the foil strain gage shall be minimal so that the strain gage can be applied to a measuring point even where there is little space for that purpose;
the strain gage and respective load cell shall not be sensitive to the relative humidity, to water, and other liquids; and
the above mentioned peel strength shall be maintained under all operating conditions.
The above objects have been achieved according to the invention by making the backing of the foil strain gage of a film of polyaryletherketone. Such a film is as impervious to water and moisture as a PPS film, however with the added unexpected benefit of providing a high bonding strength between the measuring grid and the polyaryletherketone film. Additionally, the polyaryletherketone film is heat resistant for temperatures up to 170� C., and even up to 260� C.
The manual "New Construction Possibilities With Synthetic Materials", authors Fein and Kunz, published by WEKA-Verlag, Section 7, Chaper 2.20, pages 1 to 16, describes different material characteristics and applications for this family of polyaryletherketones which form partially crystalline thermoplastic materials. Fein and Kunz mention the use as substrates for printed circuits including flexible printed circuits, however, nothing is mentioned regarding backings and covers for foil strain gages.
Due to the extremely low water absorption of these polyaryletherketone films, it is possible according to the invention to form foil strain gages having both a backing and a covering of polyaryletherketone films. These films are so thin that a fully covered foil strain gage according to the invention can have a thickness that is only slightly thicker than a conventional foil strain gage without a full cover. The backing of a polyaryletherketone film may have a thickness within the range of 25 to 50 μm. The covering or encapsulation of the same material also has a thickness within the range of 25 to 50 μm. The thickness of the adhesive bonding layer is about 2 μm. The thickness of the resistor grid is within the range of about 2.5 μm to about 5 μm, preferably 3.8 μm. However, the thickness of the resistor grid is not critical. Thus, a total thickness of the strain gage having a resistor grid bonded on one side to the backing and on the opposite side to the cover, is within the range of about 60 to about 110 μm. Such thin strain gages have a distinct space factor advantage over thicker conventional strain gages. According to the invention it is preferred to cover the measuring resistor grid by a cover film of polyaryletherketone. Since this material does not swell under the influence of moisture or other liquid, the present strain gage can be inserted in very small available spaces, even if a backing and a covering of polyaryletherketone are used to make the strain gage. In both instances, namely with and without a cover, the measuring grid is preferably adhesively bonded directly to the backing. The bonding between the measuring resistor grid and the cover as well as between the backing and the cover, is preferably an adhesive bonding. Incidentally, it is also possible to use polyaryletherketone film as a cover for conventional strain gages having backings of conventional backing materials. In both instances, namely when the backing and the cover are made of polyaryletherketone, and even when only the cover is made of polyaryletherketone, a significant reduction is achieved in the adverse influences that can falsify the measuring results by changing the resistance of the measuring resistor grid.
Further, a surprisingly strong peel strength is obtained between the backing and the resistor grid, between the cover and the resistor grid, and between the cover and the backing even without costly surface treatments of the surfaces to be adhesively bonded to each other. It has been found that a high strength adhesive bond can be achieved by merely pretreating the surfaces to be bonded to each other by an inexpensive corona activation to be described in more detail below. Instead of exposing the surfaces to be bonded to a corona discharge, it is possible to pass the surfaces to be bonded through a low pressure plasma. The surfaces involved can also be mechanically roughened prior to the bonding operation for increasing the peel strength. Also, passing the measuring resistor grid through a low-pressure plasma improves the bonding or peel strength. These surface treatments are simple and inexpensive.
According to the invention it has been found that epoxy resin adhesives are especially suitable for producing water-tight foil strain gages having a backing and a cover made of polyaryletherketone films. In order to properly seal the electrical connection between the terminals of the measuring resistor grid and the leads coming out of the encapsulation, a so-called transfer adhesive film is used. Such a transfer adhesive film is preferably a modified acrylic resin sticky on both sides between the backing and the cover layer to provide a water-tight seal around the leads and terminals by embedding these leads in the transfer adhesive film. Two such films may be used, one one each side of the terminals and leads.
In order that the invention may be clearly understood, it will now be described, by way of example, with reference to the accompanying drawings, wherein:
FIG. 1 is a top plan view of a strain gage according to the invention attached to a flat spring member to form a load cell or transducer;
FIG. 2 is a sectional view through a fully encapsulated foil strain gage according to the invention; and
FIG. 3 is a sectional view similar to that of FIG. 2, however, on a substantially enlarged scale to illustrate the encapsulation at least of the terminals and leads of the present strain gage.
Referring to FIG. 1, a support 1, such as a spring body or the like forming part of a load cell or transducer, carries on one surface a foil strain gage 2 according to the invention. The foil strain gage 2 is adhesively bonded to the support 1 as will be described in more detail below. The foil strain gage 2 comprises a measuring resistor grid 3 having two terminals 4 to which conductor leads 5 are soldered at 6.
According to the invention, the grid 3 is bonded, preferably adhesively bonded, to a backing of polyaryletherketone 7. Preferably, but not necessarily, the grid structure and its terminals are also provided with a cover 8 of polyaryletherketone, also adhesively bonded to the grid 3, to the backing 7, and preferably to an encapsulating transfer film 9 in which the terminals 4, the soldered lead ends 5 and the solder connections 6 are embedded. One embedding transfer film 9, which is sticky on both surfaces, is used in FIG. 2. Two such transfer films are used in FIG. 3.
The measuring grid 3 is conventionally produced by photolithography or the grid structure may be etched into a foil which is secured to a backing, preferably also of polyaryletherketone, whereby an additional polyaryletherketone film or layer could form an encapsulation. Stated differently, the grid 3 can be secured directly or indirectly to the backing 7. An epoxy resin adhesive 10 shown in FIGS. 2 and 3 is used for the bonding, except where the grid 3 is directly bonded to its backing by thin film techniques, for example, when the grid 3 is formed by a thin film deposition.
FIG. 2 shows one embodiment of an encapsulated strain gage according to the invention where both layers, namely the backing 7 and the cover 8, are made of polyaryletherketone. Outside the grid 3 the backing and the cover are bonded to each other at 11. The encapsulating transfer film 9 covers the soldered connections 6 and the terminals 4 and sticks to both the cover 8 and the terminals 4, including the lead ends and the solder areas. In addition to the hermetic seal 11 a further hermetic seal 12 surrounds the entire encapsulation, whereby the present strain gage may be even used under water. The leads 5 extend through the seal 12 in a sealed manner.
The polyaryletherketone films 7, 8 have a thickness within the range of 25 to 50 μm, for example. The measuring resistor grid 3 in its etched form has a thickness of about 5 μm. The adhesive layer 10 has a thickness of about 2 μm. The transfer film 9, which is sticky on both sides, has a thickness of about 75 μm or more. The resistor grid 3 with its terminals 4 may, for example, be made of a Constantan foil. When such a foil is bonded by an epoxy resin adhesive, a peel strength of about 3.5 Newton has been measured where the surface area of the bond was about 0.5 inch square. The transfer film 9 is, for example, made of a modified acrylic resin. In addition to the tackiness of the transfer film 9, an adhesive layer 10 may also extend between the cover 8 and the transfer film 9, as well as between the backing 7 and the transfer film 9.
Where a water-tight encapsulation is unnecessary, the present strain gage merely comprises the resistor grid 3 on a backing 7, whereby the backing also supports the terminals 4 and the solder connections 6 with the lead end 5. Preferably, the leads are insulated by a Teflon coating except where the solder connection 6 is made. Due to the high thermal resistance and stability of polyaryletherketone films it is quite efficient to make the lead connections by soldering. However, other connections, for example, with an electrically conducting adhesive may also be made.
The laminating of the various layers to each other is performed by a heat compression operation. Similarly, the strain gage 2 of the invention is bonded to the transducer substrate 1 by heat and pressure.
The present backings 7 and covers 8 are made of any of the polyaryletherketones forming a group of partially crystallized thermoplastic materials, such as PEK, PEEK, PEKK, PEEKK, PEEKEK, and PEKEKK.
The bonding may be further improved by providing a surface treatment of the films to be bonded to each other prior to the bonding operation. For this purpose, the film surfaces of the polyaryletherketones may be mechanically roughened, they may be exposed to a corona discharge, or they may be treated in a low-pressure plasma prior to the application of the resin adhesive.
A surface treatment for increasing the wettability of the polyaryletherketone film surface for applying an adhesive and for achieving a good bonding between the film and the resistor grid and between the film and cover is achieved by exposing the film surface to a corona discharge which can be performed by passing the film through a space formed between two electrodes spaced from each other by about 8 to 15 mm and connected to a source of high voltage of about 12 to 20 kilovolt. The discharge takes place in the atmosphere and substantially improves the wettability of the film surface for an adhesive, e.g. an epoxy adhesive. An exposure of the film to the corona discharge for 1 to 5 seconds is sufficient.
Instead of exposing the film to a corona discharge for activating the film surface for an efficient cooperation with an adhesive, the same effect can be achieved by exposing the film surface to a low-pressure plasma as follows. The backing film is stretched out on a suitable frame that is placed in a plasma generating chamber, wherein a reduced pressure of about 0.6 to 0.8 milibar (gage) is maintained and wherein an atmosphere of hydrogen/argon or oxygen/tetrafluoromethane. The plasma is conventionally generated in the chamber, e.g. by a glow discharge. The exposure time is within the range of several seconds to a few minutes.
The foregoing plasma treatment may also be applied to the resistor grid 3 prior to application of the bonding adhesive for a further improved bond.
The present invention achieves the following advantages: a high linearity of the measured results over a wide load range, an optimal creep characteristic virtually independent of the relative humidity within a wide range of operating temperatures up to about 170� C. to 200� C., an operability even under water, and elimination of faulty measurements due to bonding failures.
Although the invention has been described with reference to specific example embodiments, it will be appreciated that it is intended to cover all modifications and equivalents within the scope of the appended claims.
|Cited Patent
|Filing date
|Publication date
|Feb 20, 1969
|Sep 28, 1971
|Vishay Intertechnology Inc
|Strain gage and method of bonding the gage to a member under test
|Feb 16, 1970
|Oct 5, 1971
|Weatherhead Co
|Mounting assembly for plurality of strain gages
|Jan 27, 1976
|Sep 27, 1977
|Bofors America, Inc.
|Strain gage application
|Feb 16, 1978
|Mar 25, 1980
|Attaching of strain gages to substrates
|Dec 20, 1985
|Sep 29, 1987
|Olin Corporation
|Hybrid and multi-layer circuitry
|Nov 7, 1988
|Jul 17, 1990
|Basf Aktiengesellschaft
|Laminate of polymers stable at high temperatures and metal foils applied directly to the said polymers
|Apr 5, 1991
|Mar 9, 1993
|Hottinger Baldwin Messtechnik Gmbh
|Strain gage, transducer employing the strain gage, and method for producing the strain gage
|Dec 3, 1986
|Jul 22, 1987
|Seb S.A.
|Process for manufacturing and applying strain gauges and strain gauges obtained especially during this process
|Dec 14, 1988
|Jun 21, 1989
|Medex, Inc.
|Pressure transducer with conductive polymer bridge
|Jul 4, 1991
|Feb 5, 1992
|Hottinger Baldwin Messtechnik Gmbh
|Procedure for producing and mounting a strain gauge
|Title not available
|Nov 15, 1989
|Jun 28, 1990
|E.I. Du Pont De Nemours And Company
|Thermoformable polyaryletherketone sheet
|Article entitled: Polyaryletherketone, PAEK, PEK, PEEK, PEKK, PEEKK, PEEKEK, PEKEKK pp. 1 to 16 of Neue Konstruktionsmoeglichkeiten Mit Kunststoffen by Fein, Kunz, Weka Verlag (New Construction Possibilities With Synthetic Materials) Nov. 1990.
|Article entitled: Polyaryletherketone, PAEK, PEK, PEEK, PEKK, PEEKK, PEEKEK, PEKEKK pp. 1 to 16 of Neue Konstruktionsmoeglichkeiten Mit Kunststoffen by Fein, Kunz, Weka-Verlag (New Construction Possibilities With Synthetic Materials) Nov. 1990.
|Citing Patent
|Filing date
|Publication date
|Dec 17, 1998
|Oct 16, 2001
|The United States Of America As Represented By The Administrator Of The National Aeronautics And Space Administration
|Alumina encapsulated strain gage, not mechanically attached to the substrate, used to temperature compensate an active high temperature gage in a half-bridge configuration
|Oct 12, 2001
|Feb 3, 2004
|Ishida Co.
|Method of producing a load cell
|Nov 25, 2003
|Jun 6, 2006
|Takata Corporation
|Load sensor and seat weight measuring apparatus with a plurality of strain gauges
|Feb 22, 2005
|Aug 22, 2006
|Vishay Measurements Group, Inc.
|Printed circuit board with integral strain gage
|Oct 5, 2004
|Dec 19, 2006
|Vishay Intertechnology, Inc.
|Foil strain gage for automated handling and packaging
|Jan 27, 2005
|May 8, 2007
|Mettler-Toledo Ag
|Moisture protection for an electromechanical transducer
|Nov 25, 2003
|Jul 1, 2004
|Takata Corporation
|Load sensor and seat weight measuring apparatus
|Oct 5, 2004
|Feb 24, 2005
|Vishay Intertechnology, Inc.
|Foil strain gage for automated handling and packaging
|Jan 27, 2005
|Jul 28, 2005
|Mettler-Toledo Gmbh
|Moisture protection for an electromechanical transducer
|Feb 22, 2005
|Aug 24, 2006
|Vishay Measurements Group, Inc.
|Printed circuit board with integral strain gage
|Jun 27, 2006
|Oct 19, 2006
|Vishay Measurements Group, Inc.
|Printed circuit board with integral strain gage
|Sep 7, 2004
|Nov 16, 2006
|Caroline Williamson
|Sensor and sensor array for monitoring a structure
|Jun 27, 2005
|Dec 28, 2006
|Vishay Measurements Group, Inc.
|Strain gage with off axis creep compensation feature
|Mar 19, 2007
|Aug 20, 2009
|Jtekt Corporation
|Strain Gauge Manufacturing Method
|Oct 4, 2013
|Apr 10, 2014
|Med-El Elektromedizinische Geraete Gmbh
|Electromechanical Measurement of Stapedius Muscle/Tendon Activity
|Jan 27, 2005
|Jan 26, 2011
|Moisture protection for an electromechanical transducer
|Nov 28, 2012
|Mar 27, 2013
|Anti-corrosion piezoresistive type pressure sensor
|Nov 30, 2013
|Feb 26, 2014
|Strain meter for plastic deformation test and manufacturing and calibration method thereof
|Jan 15, 1998
|Aug 5, 1998
|Dassault Electronique
|Process for producing an article based on a poly(etheretherketone) polymer
|U.S. Classification
|338/2, 338/5
|International Classification
|Cooperative Classification
|European Classification
|Oct 11, 1994
Owner name: HOTTINGER BALDWIN MESSTECHNIK GMBH, GERMANY
Free format text: ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST;ASSIGNORS:RUPPIN, HAGEN;MOHR, STEPHAN;BREITWIESER, WERNER;REEL/FRAME:007166/0444
Effective date: 19931028
|Jun 13, 1995
|Certificate of correction
|Sep 11, 1998
|Fee payment
Year of fee payment: 4
|Oct 23, 2002
|Maintenance fee reminder mailed
|Apr 4, 2003
|Lapse for failure to pay maintenance fees
|Jun 3, 2003
|Expired due to failure to pay maintenance fee
Effective date: 20030404


text:
Dim. of Eógan
Eóganán, Eógan, Eoghan
List of Irish baby names, Irish baby boy names (male), girl names (female) & Irish names meanings has been compiled from various resources. Please use this list of Irish baby names only for reference/idea to name your kid/child. Database of baby names has been compiled from various references and suggestions provided by our web site visitors and resources partners.
Meaning of Eoghanan in Irish origin/culture for Boy name with history and fame details.


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SHAPE Body Shop
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Mayor's Healthy Planet-Healthy You Race and Fitness Festival
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Sat, Apr 21, 2012 - Palm Springs, CA
The City of Palm Springs is hosting the 1st Annual Mayor's Healthy Planet-Healthy You Race and Fitness festival to fight childhood obesity. There will be a 5K course that is walker/stroller/doggie friendly. The 7 mile course highlights many of the historical sites of downtown Palm Springs. Both courses run through beautiful downtown Palm Springs. The 1K Kids' Run is free.
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Pathfinder Player Companion: Magic Tactics Toolbox (PFRPG)
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Kukla's Korner Hockey
DiPietro Expected To Play
by Paul on 04/13/07 at 03:46 PM ET
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via David Shoalts of the Globe and Mail,
Rick DiPietro returned to practice for the New York Islanders on Friday and is expected to be in goal Saturday night against the Buffalo Sabres.
"I think that will give them a huge lift," Sabres head coach Lindy Ruff said of DiPietro's return from a concussion.
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e.g: This guy decided he wanted to come up to watch a film today and that was okay with us.. he came up at 12pm to watch his film Right ? ten to 6pm still here watching tv..
my question is: do you hate when people change their mind to what they oringally said their were going to do ?
as for me a big YES as I have to cancel important plans to suit them.


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Lyrics Depot is your source of lyrics to One More Mountain by Perry Como. Please check back for more Perry Como lyrics.
One More Mountain Lyrics
Artist: Perry Como
Album: Love Makes The World Go 'Round
One more mountain, one more river,
One more mile, and I'll be home . . .
Is she waitin' like she promised,
Or, have I been gone too long?
Has she given her love to someone?
Oh! no, that couldn't be!
One more mountain, one more river,
One more mile, an' then I'll see!
Perry Como Lyrics
Perry Como Love Makes The World Go 'Round Lyrics
More Perry Como Music Lyrics:
Perry Como - Complete Medley: (All I Do ...) Lyrics
Perry Como - Give Myself a Party Lyrics
Perry Como - In the Garden Lyrics
Perry Como - It All Depends On You Lyrics
Perry Como - I've Got You Under My Skin Lyrics
Perry Como - Once I Loved ( Amor e Paz ) Lyrics
Perry Como - Somebody Cares Lyrics
Perry Como - You Alone/I'm Gonna Sit Right Down and Write Myself a Letter/A Portrait of My Love Lyrics


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Gloria Barnes
Amelia Moon
Hi - I just submitted a name correction for Amelia. Loammi Moon was Amelia's 2nd husband. Gloria
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on Dec 08, 2014 5:44 PM
Gloria Barnes
Madelein Jean Hancock Cobler
Hi Cheryl - You have Madelein listed as a daughter of Walter & Amelia Hancock but I think she was a granddaughter. Amelia married 2nd to Louis Moon. In 1940, Madelein is listed as a G. Daughter to Lewie & Amelia Moon. I have been researching this family because they are related to me. Gloria
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RE: Re: Bill Reinhart
I have finally gotten that Cone info to Bill Reinhart.
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Lynn Cooley
Reuben Cooley
Hi my name is Lynn Cooley and my great grandfathr is Gedion Reuben Cooley. And he was NOT born in Vermont. My line come theough his 2nd wife Emily Harmon. My grandfather is Osborn Benjamin Cooley. My father is Anthon L. Cooley born 27 Aug 1901 Colonia Pecheco, Chihauhau, Mexico. I tried to email you at:email@example.com but it would not come up as I do not use OutLook Express. But I am reserching Gedion Reuben Cooley and I do have some information. I would like to hear from you please. My email address is email@example.com. All of this information is in Findagrave.com.
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John W. Haley
Paul M. Coyle
Hi Cheryl,
I'm not sure if I know you, but I knew the entire Coyle family. Paul was my very best friend, having been neighbors on Denton Heights from the time were toddlers. It was indeed a very sad time when he became ill with polio when we were in the 3rd grade at Caliente Elementary School in 1953. I remember vividly attending his funeral as did most of our class. He was the kindest child I know. I also went to high school with his brother Charles, knew Nana & Helen. When we went to Caliente to visit, Helen was one of the special people we visited. I remember when we visited her while on our honeymoon July 5, 1987, she gave some ice cream. She was a very SPECIAL lady. We went to visit her in the St. George Care Center in I believe 1994, & the following year went to visit her the following year, only to find that she had passed away just the night before. We were saddened to find this out, as she was such a dear friend as well. We were unable to attend her funeral, as were on a very tight schedule, traveling to Salt Lake City to return home to New Jersey.
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Noboru Ueda, Chairman and President of ClassNK attended the delivery ceremony for the M/T Al Yarmouk, constructed at Daewoo Shipbuilding & Marine Engineering Co., Ltd. (DSME) and delivered to Kuwait Oil Tanker Co. S.A.K. (KOTC) in Geoje, Korea on August 25, 2014.
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Location: Pataskala, OH
Tickets: 0
Daily lineup to be announced. Artists scheduled to appear include Ekoostik Hookah, Ed McGee, Ed Solo, Zach Deputy, Freekbass, Glostik Willy, and many more.
Sorry, tickets are no longer available for this event.
Frontier Ranch Music Center
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Camp Nou, Barcelona, Spain
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text:
Hey Theatre People! Angie here. :) A few months ago I had an idea...
I want to stay connected to the theatre community when I can't produce my own shows, or make it out to support local theatre. Often, I ask people to tell me about the shows they're in, about the plays they've seen, and so on. I realized I get to meet a lot of really great people with a variety of experiences. One of these people is Mandy Logsdon. In addition to acting and volunteering in many companies in Southeast MI, she is one of the fiercest supporters of local theatre I have ever had the pleasure of working with. She tells great stories. :) After our fall "Free Form" Theatre Workshop, I realized how important it was to share our experiences as actors, techies, volunteers, and humans. I asked Mandy if she would be interested in writing a blog for our website. I asked her to tell us a story... It could be anything; an experience from a show she'd seen, questions she'd found while working on something new, an idea she'd had in the car on the way to a rehearsal... something, anything, that we could read and maybe even relate to. Maybe it could keep us connected, and maybe even start a conversation. She did just that, and I'm excited to share them with you. We will post another Mandy's Moment weekly. Or whenever we get them. :) So check back in!
Please feel free to comment and share.
Thank you!
Metro-Detroit actor/director and one of my closest friends, Casey S. Hibbert, has always described 'Mandy Moments' as the instant I realize whatever I just said or did was a) not at all what I intended and b) beyond my personal ability to correct unnoticed by others. So when Angie approached me with the idea of writing a blog about my experiences in the theatre world and calling it, Mandy's Moments, the first thing I thought of took place at a rehearsal about a year and a half ago.
We were working on a short ten minute play to be performed as part of the 2014 Detroit Fringe Festival. I was really looking forward to working with Casey again, supporting Emilio and getting to meet a bunch of new people. 2014 was the year that I started getting work outside of The Box in Mt. Clemens. And I allowed everyone and everything to intimidate me, including a ten minute short and Paige Vanzo who is just one of the nicest, giving and talented people I know. So to say I was already on high alert at this rehearsal is a bit of an understatement.
Now, I have zero stage combat training and what that means for me is, if I need to be thrown to the floor by my scene partner I just throw myself to the floor. I was, however, concerned that there may be a problem if we ran the scene again because my stomach had been gurgling for about thirty minutes at this point and I was worried what the impact of the floor would do to my wavering bowel control. But I am part of an ensemble and we have limited rehearsal time, so I didn't say anything.
We reset and run the scene. Eric throws me to the floor in the usual fashion, we end the scene and I stay seated on the ground. Don't worry, I am not hurt, I am simply accessing the situation at hand. My cast mates have moved off stage right discussing the flowers or some other prop thing. Casey is looking down at his script and I think, 'this is my chance.'
As I start to stand Casey looks over at me and begins to ask a question. I audibly fart, just a toot, just enough to make me stop mid squat. We lock eyes as I slump back to the ground and after a beat I confess, "I farted, excuse me."
I sat there, waiting for a reaction, my face hot and turning seven shades of red when finally he cracks and falls to the floor laughing hysterically. As I begin to loose it myself I can just barely make out him saying, "your face! Oh my God, the look on your face."
Well, for the last few years that has been consistently what a 'Mandy Moment' is. That look on my face as I accidently let one slip, or trailing off into a mumble as I realize the joke I started with such bravado isn't funny at all or isn't really making any sense. But as I sit here writing this I wonder, shouldn't I also share how I was feeling last night.
I was pacing in my best friend Mitchell's kitchen, crying about how much longer I can keep this, chasing my dream of being a working actor, up.
"Mitchell, you don't understand. I don't know what to do. I'm trying to have faith, but all I see is that I drove two hours in the snow yesterday to what I thought was a four hour Improv Workshop. I'm on 94 and my windshield wiper just flys off of my car. Just one minute it's there, and the next it's just gone and we only did an hour and a half of Improv. Then, on the drive home, every time the single wiper blade swooshes across my windshield I think how grateful I am it was the passenger side that flew off and not my side because I can't afford to buy a new one until payday. Not to mention that if I read one more Facebook comment about how if I cannot afford to live I should work harder and get a new job that pays better I am going to pull my hair out. I work very hard."
"Yes, you do honey. And you are very talented."
"Well, if I am so talented why doesn't someone pay me? The part I auditioned for last week, standard $200 stipend, I am looking at about 28 rehearsals, plus shows That money will cover 10 trips to rehearsal if I am lucky. I mean, I already accepted the part, it's better to be onstage working than not at all right? Plus I love doing it, there's nothing else I want to do, but I'm broke and my windshield wiper is just laying on the side of westbound 94!"
I went on for another forty minutes or so, crying to my best friend out of fear and despair. As he walked me to his door he said, "in five years we will look back at this conversation and just laugh, trust me." He is right, everything will be ok. It will all turn out the way it is supposed to no matter how much I worry about money, my looks or my talent.
So which is it? What are Mandy's Moments? The goofy, stupid accidents that happen, or the maudlin temper tantrums? I assume it's both, plus everything in between. But, the truth is I have no idea. What I do know is I am going to keep plugging on and I look forward to figuring it out along the way. And I am really looking forward to buying new windshield wipers on Thursday.
Until Next Time.


text:
I am using MFC, to develop a Mobile App. For one of the CEdit controls, in the dialog box, I declared a variable as long int as follows.
DDV_MinMaxUInt(pDX, m_txtCurrentValue, 1, 2000);
So whenever, I try to close the dialog box with invalid values (integers that is not in the range specified or which are alphabetic characters.) it throws a message and focuses that particular control.( Done automatically)
Now my question is that, I have a button and when ever this button is clicked, how can the same validation, functionality be called?


text:
New Test Could Diagnose Osteoarthritis Early
Could that ache in your knee or back be osteoarthritis? Are you having trouble opening jars? A new biochemical test called metabolomics could allow clinicians to diagnose osteoarthritis early and let patients get a jump on treating and managing the disease.
Osteoarthritis is the most common type of arthritis, far surpassing rheumatoid arthritis and gout in prevalence. In the United States, approximately 27 million adults have osteoarthritis, according to the Arthritis Foundation, and in the United Kingdom, where the new study was conducted, the disease affects approximately 8.5 million people.
Researchers at King's College London's Department of Twin Research and Genetic Epidemiology have discovered a new biochemical test that allows scientists to test for 163 chemical signals from a single blood sample. Called metabolomics, the test measures chemical signals that are products of cell metabolism and their 26,000 metabolite ratios, which represent the rate of the chemical reactions in the body.
The researchers compared the metabolites and the 26,000 metabolite ratios in the blood samples from 123 white women who had osteoarthritis of the knee and 299 healthy women. They discovered that 14 metabolite ratios were significantly linked with osteoarthritis. When the scientists tested these signals in 76 women with knee osteoarthritis and 100 healthy women, they found that two ratios—valine to histidine and xleucine to histidine—were confirmed.
The study's lead author, Dr. Guangju Zhai, explained that "the two novel metabolic biomarkers found through our study could indicate increased cartilage breakdown and we now want to study these mechanisms in more detail." Osteoarthritis is known as "wear and tear" arthritis, as one of its main characteristics is damage to the cartilage that lines the bones and allows the joints to move without friction.


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|Publication number
|Publication type
|Application number
|Publication date
|May 31, 1988
|Filing date
|Mar 27, 1986
|Priority date
|Mar 27, 1986
|Fee status
|Publication number
|Harry R. Charles, Cathy D. Stewart
|Original Assignee
|Chemfil Corporation
|Export Citation
|BiBTeX, EndNote, RefMan
|Patent Citations (11), Referenced by (39), Classifications (26), Legal Events (7)
|External Links: USPTO, USPTO Assignment, Espacenet
I. Technical Field
The present invention relates to a clear paint booth coating composition and method of applying the same to function as a barrier preventing the deposit of paint overspray on equipment and surfaces in a paint spray booth. The coating composition is dissolvable in water or may be peeled off as a film after overspray has accumulated thereon.
II. Brief Description of the Background Art
Paint spray booths are enclosures in which industrial production painting operations are performed. Paint spray booths both protect the paint spraying operation and permit control of emissions from paint spraying operations.
In commercial paint spraying processes, frequently as much as fifty percent of the paint used is not deposited on the object to be painted. Much of the overspray is removed in water wash systems used to scrub the overspray particles from exhaust air. However, some of the overspray is unavoidably deposited on robots, paint spraying equipment, transfer line carriers, paint booth walls and windows. If such objects and surfaces are not protected from the overspray, they can quickly become covered with paint. Paint deposits on robots and paint spray equipment can lead to equipment malfunctions or flaking off of paint on articles being painted which can adversely affect the quality of the painted article. Also, overspray build-up on walls and windows can diminish light levels in the paint spray booth and render windows useless.
The use of hot caustic or methylene chloride strippers to remove overspray suffers serious drawbacks in that the chemicals must be used carefully. Also, if methylene chloride-type strippers are used, the solvents contained in the strippers give off vapors which further burden plant emission control systems. Also, the emissions generated by paint removal operations contribute to the total amount of emissions permitted by environmental regulations and thereby reduce the quantity of emissions that may be generated in production painting operations.
The walls of paint spray booths may be protected by pigmented barrier coatings which are preferably white to make the paint booth brighter. Such pigmented coatings are not appropriate for use on equipment, robots or windows in paint spray booths since such coatings would obscure signs and windows.
Clear coatings are known for application to equipment, robots or windows in paint spray booths but have not been totally satisfactory in all respects. For example, xanthan gum-based clear barrier coatings are not resistant to ketone and aromatic solvents. Since such solvents are common in many paints, overspray particles may partially dissolve the barrier coating and allow some of the overspray to be deposited upon the objects and surfaces in the spray booth coated with the xanthan gum-based coating.
Another known type of clear coatings include urea formaldehyde-based barrier coatings which have better solvent resistance than xanthan gum coatings. However, urea formaldehyde-based coatings tend to have a yellow tint which is objectionable, particularly when applied to windows.
Combination xanthan gum and urea formaldehyde barrier coatings are known and result in a compromise coating which is not as yellow as urea formaldehyde coatings and not as seriously affected by ketone and aromatic solvents as xanthan gum barrier coatings.
Since the barrier coatings must be periodically removed and replaced with a fresh coating, it is vital that the coating be easily removable. Known clear coatings are normally removed in one of two ways, either by water washing or peeling off as a film.
With barrier coatings on equipment and robots, it is preferred to provide a peelable coating which may be removed without application of water that could harm the robots or equipment. On broad, flat surfaces that can be washed off with water or subjected to a high pressure water spray, it is generally preferred to wash the barrier coating off. The barrier coating if washed off must not interfere with the water wash system of the paint spray booth and must be compatible with the filtration or residue removal system used in the paint spray booth. Since known clear barrier coatings are limited to one preferred removal technique, it is generally necessary for optimal performance to use two different types of clear coating in a paint spray booth.
These and other disadvantages are overcome and problems are solved by the present invention's provision of an improved clear paint booth coating composition and method incorporating the use of such a compositions as summarized below.
According to the present invention, an aqueous solution is provided for forming a crystal clear barrier coating on objects and surfaces in paint spray booths which may be removed by either peeling or water washing. The aqueous solution includes polyvinyl alcohol as the primary constituent, a foam depressor for facilitating spray application and a wetting agent for facilitating application by a roller and providing a smooth, substantially transparent coating.
The aqueous solution may also include a polyacrylate or other thixotropic agent for thickening the solution which is particularly important when applying the coating to vertically oriented surfaces. Also, a preservative additive may be included in the solution for preventing discoloration of the coating after application and improving product shelf life.
A preferred composition of the present invention essentially comprises an aqueous solution of: Elvanol 52-22, a trademark of E. I. DuPont deNemours & Co. for polyvinyl alcohol; triethanolamine, an amine neutralizer and corrosion inhibitor; Colloid 513, a proprietary product available from Colloids, Inc. and identified by that trademark; Fluorad FC 100, a fluorocarbon surfactant available from 3M Company and identified by that trademark; Carbopol 941, a proprietary polyacrylate thickener available from B. F. Goodrich and identified by that trademark; and Methylparaben, a non-toxic preservative.
The preferred constituents and broad and preferred ranges of constituents of the coating composition are set forth below in the following table.
______________________________________ Preferred BroadName of raw Generic Range % Range %material Description by Weight by Weight______________________________________Elvanol 52-22 Polyvinyl Alcohol 5-10% 5-20%Triethanolamine Amine Neutralizer as 1-2% 0-5%85% a Corrosion InhibitorColloid 513 Foam Depressor 0-0.3% 0-1%Fluorad FC 100 Fluorocarbon 0.02-0.1% 0-0.5% SurfactantCarbopol 941 Polyacrylate Thickener .1-.3% 0-1%Methylparaben Preservative 0.1-1% 0-2%Water 85-90% 75-95%______________________________________
The method of providing a barrier coating on equipment and surfaces in paint spray booths comprises the steps of mixing water, preferably hot, with at least one surfactant and a foam depressor. Polyvinyl alcohol is then slowly sifted into the mixture while mixing at low speed to prevent the mixture from gelling. Finally, a polyacrylate is added to thicken the solution. The above solution is applied by spraying, rolling or otherwise coating paint spray booth surfaces and equipment located in paint spray booths. The coating is then dried to form a crystal clear coating thereon.
The method further includes suitable removal techniques including either peeling the barrier coating off of the substrate or water washing the barrier coating from the surfaces and objects after sufficient overspray paint has been deposited thereon.
If the objects coated are part transfer apparatus that are subsequently exposed to paint ovens wherein the paint overspray is thermally cured in the ovens on the barrier coating, it may be necessary to use a water blaster wherein water is sprayed at high pressures on the barrier coated apparatus to remove the barrier coating.
The barrier coating of the present invention is advantageous in that a solvent-based paint remover is not required to remove the barrier coating or overspray from the equipment or interior paint spray booth surfaces. Since a solvent-based paint remover is not needed, lower solvent emission levels may be achieved by the manufacturing plants. Also, the barrier coating and materials required to remove the barrier coating are both non-toxic and non-flammable and are therefore safer to use.
The barrier coating of the present invention is not affected by ketone and aromatic solvents and provides an effective barrier to paints having such solvents.
The equipment and robots coated by the crystal clear barrier coating of the present invention may be stripped by peeling the coating off in a film form. The coating may also be applied to hoses because it is flexible and will not flake off of flexible hoses as they are used in paint spraying operations.
The crystal clear barrier coating of the present invention is especially suitable for coating glass incorporated in the walls of some paint spray booths. When applied to glass, the coating is substantially smooth and transparent. If properly applied, the coating will not run or streak and if the coating includes a preservative, it resists the formation of mold or other discoloration.
These and other advantages of the present invention will become more apparent upon studying the following detailed description and claims.
The clear paint spray booth coating of the present invention comprises an aqueous solution of polyvinyl alcohol in the range of 5 to 10% by weight, an amine neutralizer and corrosion inhibitor in the amount of 1 to 2% by weight, a foam depressor in the amount of 0 to 0.3% by weight and a wetting agent, or fluorocarbon surfactant, in the amount of 0.02 to 0.1% by weight. The solution may include a polyacrylate thickener in the amount of from 0 to 1% by weight. The solution may also include a preservative in the amount of 0 to 2% by weight.
The polyvinyl alcohol of the present invention is preferably Elvanol 52-22, a registered trademark of DuPont Company for its polyvinyl alcohol. Elvanol is a solid form, powder composition.
The preferred neutralizing agent and corrosion inhibitor is triethanolamine (HOCH2 CH2)3 N. Triethanolamine is a colorless, viscous liquid which is miscible with water and effective to prevent foaming in the coating when the coating is applied by spraying.
The preferred foam depressor is Colloid 513, a proprietary product sold by Colloids, Inc. under the above trademark.
One or more surfactants may be included in the composition to wet the surface to be coated and act as a levelling agent to assure a smooth and substantially transparent crystal clear coating. A fluorocarbon surfactant such as Fluorad FC-100, a trademark of 3M Company, may be used alone in the product or combined with a non-ionic surfactant.
A thickener, such as Carbopol 941, a polyacrylate thickener, may be used to control the viscosity of the solution and facilitate application of the coating to vertical surfaces. Carbopol 941 is a trademark of B. F. Goodrich Company.
A preservative such as Methylparaben (C8 H8 O3) may also be included in the solution. Methylparaben is an effective non-toxic preservative.
The preferred composition of the present invention is as follows:
______________________________________Elvanol 52-22 8% by weightTriethanolamine 1.5% by weightColloid 513 .15% by weightFluorad FC 100 0.05% by weightCarbopol 941 .1% by weightMethylparaben .2% by weightWater Balance______________________________________
The solution is prepared by mixing in hot water all of the constituents except the polyvinyl alcohol and the polyacrylate. The polyvinyl alcohol is then sifted into the solution while mixing continues at a low speed to prevent gelling and is continued until all of the polyvinyl acrylate is dissolved. The polyacrylate is then added as the final constituent and is thoroughly intermixed in the solution. The following exemplary compositions have been tested in field tests wherein the coatings were applied to equipment and surfaces in paint spray booths. Performance of the various coatings was evaluated by observing the effectiveness as a barrier, appearance, durability, and ease of application and removal of the coatings.
EXAMPLE 1______________________________________Elvanol 52-22 8% by weightTriethanolamine 1.5% by weightColloid 513 0.15% by weightFluorad FC 100 0.05% by weightCarbopol 941 0.1% by weightMethylparaben 0.2% by weightWater Balance______________________________________
The above coating composition was applied by both air and airless sprayers and by paint rolling application methods. The composition was removable by peeling, water blasting and simple water washing. The preferred method of application was by airless spray or by manual roll coating. A high quality coating was obtained on all surfaces, even the most critical application on windows. The coating may be easily peeled from glass and may be removed from paint hoses with warm water applied with a cloth. Any residue left behind after peeling was easily removed by wiping with water and cloth.
EXAMPLE 2______________________________________Elvanol 52-22 7.5% by weightColloid 513DD 0.2% by weightSulframin 90* 0.05% by weight______________________________________ *A trademark for a proprietary surfactant sold by Allied Chemical.
The above example, when tested, foamed excessively when sprayed and resisted peeling removal. The above coating appeared hazy when applied to glass and was not acceptable.
EXAMPLE 3______________________________________Elvanol 52-22 7.75% by weightPluronic L-61* 0.1% by weightSulframin 90 0.1% by weightWater Balance______________________________________ *A trademark for a proprietary surfactant sold by BASF Wyandotte Chemical Co.
The above coating did not peel completely and had an oily surface that was not preferred.
EXAMPLE 4______________________________________Elvanol 52-22 7.75% by weightPluronic L-61 0.1% by weightSulframin 90 0.1% by weightBorax (Sodium Borate) 0.03% by weightWater Balance______________________________________
The above coating composition had excessive viscosity and was inappropriate for spray application.
EXAMPLE 5______________________________________Elvanol 52-22 8% by weightTriethanolamine 85% 1.5% by weightTergitol 15-S-3* 1.5% by weightSulframin 90 0.08% by weightBorax 0.02% by weightWater Balance______________________________________ *A trademark for a proprietary surfactant sold by Union Carbide.
The above composition was acceptable in terms of peeling and water wash removal techniques but was too thick for easy spray application. The product also became cloudy after several days as a result of the formation of mold on the coating.
EXAMPLE 6______________________________________Elvanol 52-22 10% by weightTriethanolamine 85% 1% by weightSurfactant .2% by weightWater Balance______________________________________
The above coating would be acceptable for application by roll coating but is not expected to be acceptable as a spray application material. Also, the coating thickness achievable would be limited due to the lack of a thickening agent and the material would probably become cloudy after a period due to the lack of an effective preservative.
EXAMPLE 7______________________________________Elvanol 52-22 5% by weightTergitol 15-S-3 0.2% by weightWater Balance______________________________________
The above example would be acceptable for roll coating application. The above solution would foam excessively without a foam depressor, could only be applied in a thin coat since it lacks a thickener, and would cause flash rust on exposed mild steel since it lacks a corrosion inhibitor. It is anticipated that the above composition would also suffer from the lack of a preservative as noted with regard to Example 7 above.
The above description of a new, improved crystal clear paint spray booth coating is intended as an example and not in a limiting sense. It will be appreciated that constituent materials and proportions given above may be modified without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention. The scope of the invention is to be determined based upon the full scope of the following claims and all equivalents thereof.
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|U.S. Classification
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|International Classification
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|European Classification
|Mar 27, 1986
Owner name: CHEMFIL CORPORATION, 1300 PIEDMOND, TROY, MI. 480
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Effective date: 19860227
|Sep 16, 1991
|Fee payment
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|Jan 24, 1994
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Owner name: PPG INDUSTRIES OHIO, INC., OHIO
Free format text: ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST;ASSIGNOR:PPG INDUSTRIES, INC.;REEL/FRAME:009737/0591
Effective date: 19990204
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|Mar 24, 2014
Effective date: 19990204
Owner name: PPG INDUSTRIES OHIO, INC., OHIO
Free format text: CORRECTIVE ASSIGNMENT TO CORRECT INCORRECT PROPERTY NUMBERS 08/666726;08/942182;08/984387;08/990890;5645767;5698141;5723072;5744070;5753146;5783116;5808063;5811034 PREVIOUSLY RECORDED ON REEL 009737 FRAME 0591. ASSIGNOR(S) HEREBY CONFIRMS THE ASSIGNMENT;ASSIGNOR:PPG INDUSTRIES, INC.;REEL/FRAME:032513/0174


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