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Racial/ethnic minorities in the U.S. have a higher prevalence of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) than white adults. While many independent risk factors for T2DM have been identified, these determinants are often viewed in isolation without considering the joint contributions of competing risk factors. The objective of this study was to assess the relative contributions of six domains of influence to racial/ethnic disparities in T2DM.
Cross-sectional analyses were conducted using the Boston Area Community Health III Survey (2010–2012), the third wave of a population-based sample of men and women from three racial/ethnic groups (black, Hispanic, white) living in Boston, Massachusetts (N = 2,764). Prevalent diabetes was defined by self-report of T2DM, fasting glucose >125 mg/dL, or HbA1c ≥6.5%. Structural equation models were constructed to evaluate the direct effects of each conceptual domain of influence on T2DM prevalence, as well as their indirect effects on the race/ethnicity–T2DM relationship. All direct and indirect pathways were included.
The final model indicated that 38.9% and 21.8% of the total effect of black race and Hispanic ethnicity, respectively, on T2DM prevalence was mediated by the socioeconomic, environmental, psychosocial, and lifestyle/behavioral risk scores. The largest mediating influence was the socioeconomic risk score, which explained 21.8% and 26.2% of the total effect of black race and Hispanic ethnicity, respectively.
Our study found that socioeconomic factors had the greatest impact on explaining the excess prevalence of T2DM among racial/ethnic minorities.
To determine the effect of different seasons on the prevalence of gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) by using World Health Organization criteria.
The results of all pregnancy glucose tolerance tests (GTTs) were prospectively collected over a 3-year period in a temperate climate, and the results were grouped by season.
The results of 7,369 pregnancy GTTs were available for consideration. In winter, the median 1-h and 2-h glucose results after GTT were significantly (P < 0.0001) lower than the overall 1-h and 2-h results. The prevalence of GDM at the 1-h diagnostic level was 29% higher in summer and 27% lower in winter than the overall prevalence (P = 0.02). The prevalence of GDM at the 2-h diagnostic level was 28% higher in summer and 31% lower in winter than the overall prevalence (P = 0.01).
The prevalence of GDM varies according to seasons, which leads to the possible overdiagnosis of GDM in summer and/or underdiagnosis in winter. Further research into standardization of the GTT or seasonal adjustment of the results may need to be considered.
To quantify the impact of diabetes status on healthy and disabled years of life for older adults in the U.S. and provide a baseline from which to evaluate ongoing national public health efforts to prevent and control diabetes and disability.
Adults (n = 20,008) aged 50 years and older were followed from 1998 to 2012 in the Health and Retirement Study, a prospective biannual survey of a nationally representative sample of adults. Diabetes and disability status (defined by mobility loss, difficulty with instrumental activities of daily living [IADL], and/or difficulty with activities of daily living [ADL]) were self-reported. We estimated incidence of disability, remission to nondisability, and mortality. We developed a discrete-time Markov simulation model with a 1-year transition cycle to predict and compare lifetime disability-related outcomes between people with and without diabetes. Data represent the U.S. population in 1998.
From age 50 years, adults with diabetes died 4.6 years earlier, developed disability 6–7 years earlier, and spent about 1–2 more years in a disabled state than adults without diabetes. With increasing baseline age, diabetes was associated with significant (P < 0.05) reductions in the number of total and disability-free life-years, but the absolute difference in years between those with and without diabetes was less than at younger baseline age. Men with diabetes spent about twice as many of their remaining years disabled (20–24% of remaining life across the three disability definitions) as men without diabetes (12–16% of remaining life across the three disability definitions). Similar associations between diabetes status and disability-free and disabled years were observed among women.
Diabetes is associated with a substantial reduction in nondisabled years, to a greater extent than the reduction of longevity.
To determine whether fetal overgrowth precedes the diagnosis of gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) and to quantify the interrelationships among fetal overgrowth, GDM, and maternal obesity.
We conducted a prospective cohort study of unselected nulliparous women and performed ultrasonic measurement of the fetal abdominal circumference (AC) and head circumference (HC) at 20 and 28 weeks of gestational age (wkGA). Exposures were diagnosis of GDM ≥28 wkGA and maternal obesity. The risk of AC >90th and HC-to-AC ratio <10th percentile was modeled using log-binomial regression, adjusted for maternal characteristics.
Of 4,069 women, 171 (4.2%) were diagnosed with GDM at ≥28 wkGA. There was no association between fetal biometry at 20 wkGA and subsequent maternal diagnosis of GDM. However, at 28 wkGA, there was an increased risk of AC >90th percentile (adjusted relative risk 2.05 [95% CI 1.37–3.07]) and HC-to-AC ratio <10th percentile (1.97 [1.30–2.99]). Maternal obesity showed similar associations at 28 wkGA (2.04 [1.62–2.56] and 1.46 [1.12–1.90], respectively). The combination of GDM and obesity was associated with an approximately fivefold risk of AC >90th (4.52 [2.98–6.85]) and approximately threefold risk of HC-to-AC ratio <10th percentile (2.80 [1.64–4.78]) at 28 wkGA. Fetal AC >90th percentile at 28 weeks was associated with an approximately fourfold risk of being large for gestational age at birth.
Diagnosis of GDM is preceded by excessive growth of the fetal AC between 20 and 28 wkGA, and its effects on fetal growth are additive with the effects of maternal obesity.
Plasma metabolites that distinguish isolated impaired glucose tolerance (iIGT) from isolated impaired fasting glucose (iIFG) may be useful biomarkers to predict IGT, a high-risk state for the development of type 2 diabetes.
Targeted metabolomics with 23 metabolites previously associated with dysglycemia was performed with fasting plasma samples from subjects without diabetes at time 0 of an oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) in two observational cohorts: RISC (Relationship Between Insulin Sensitivity and Cardiovascular Disease) and DMVhi (Diabetes Mellitus and Vascular Health Initiative). Odds ratios (ORs) for a one-SD change in the metabolite level were calculated using multiple logistic regression models controlling for age, sex, and BMI to test for associations with iIGT or iIFG versus normal. Selective biomarkers of iIGT were further validated in the Botnia study.
α-Hydroxybutyric acid (α-HB) was most strongly associated with iIGT in RISC (OR 2.54 [95% CI 1.86–3.48], P value 5E-9) and DMVhi (2.75 [1.81–4.19], 4E-5) while having no significant association with iIFG. In Botnia, α-HB was selectively associated with iIGT (2.03 [1.65–2.49], 3E-11) and had no significant association with iIFG. Linoleoyl-glycerophosphocholine (L-GPC) and oleic acid were also found to be selective biomarkers of iIGT. In multivariate IGT prediction models, addition of α-HB, L-GPC, and oleic acid to age, sex, BMI, and fasting glucose significantly improved area under the curve in all three cohorts.
α-HB, L-GPC, and oleic acid were shown to be selective biomarkers of iIGT, independent of age, sex, BMI, and fasting glucose, in 4,053 subjects without diabetes from three European cohorts. These biomarkers can be used in predictive models to identify subjects with IGT without performing an OGTT.
To evaluate the effect of lipid-lowering therapy (LLT) in primary prevention on cardiovascular disease (CVD) and death in type 1 diabetes.
We used the Swedish National Diabetes Register (NDR) to perform a propensity score–based study. Propensity scores for treatment with LLT were calculated from 32 baseline clinical and socioeconomic variables. The propensity score was used to estimate the effect of LLT in the overall cohort (by stratification). We estimated risk of acute myocardial infarction, stroke, coronary heart disease, and cardiovascular and all-cause mortality in individuals with and without LLT using Cox regression. A total of 24,230 individuals included in 2006–2008 NDR with type 1 diabetes without a history of CVD were followed until 31 December 2012; 18,843 were untreated and 5,387 treated with LLT (97% statins). The mean follow-up was 6.0 years.
The propensity score allowed balancing of all 32 covariates, with no differences between treated and untreated after accounting for propensity score. Hazard ratios (HRs) for treated versus untreated were as follows: cardiovascular death 0.60 (95% CI 0.50–0.72), all-cause death 0.56 (0.48–0.64), fatal/nonfatal stroke 0.56 (0.46–0.70), fatal/nonfatal acute myocardial infarction 0.78 (0.66–0.92), fatal/nonfatal coronary heart disease 0.85 (0.74–0.97), and fatal/nonfatal CVD 0.77 (0.69–0.87).
This observational study shows that LLT is associated with 22–44% reduction in the risk of CVD and cardiovascular death among individuals with type 1 diabetes without history of CVD and underlines the importance of primary prevention with LLT to reduce cardiovascular risk in type 1 diabetes.
Women of childbearing potential are often excluded from participating in clinical trials owing to concerns about adverse fetal effects of treatment. This study aims to determine the prevalence of fertility-related exclusion criteria in clinical trials of type 2 diabetes medications and to determine whether these criteria are commensurate with drug risk.
ClinicalTrials.gov was queried for trials of type 2 diabetes medications that were phase 2 or 3, were based in the U.S., and enrolled participants 18–40 years old. Six hundred eighty-eight trials met criteria. Information collected about each trial included enrollment, trial length, exclusion and inclusion criteria, trial sponsor, and pregnancy category of drug(s) administered.
Most studies (59%) included one or more fertility-related exclusion criteria, most often excluding current pregnancy (55%) and breast-feeding (44%). Trials of medications with increased fetal risk were not more restrictive: trials of category C drugs (evidence of fetal risks in animals) were less likely to exclude pregnancy compared with trials of category B drugs (no known human or animal fetal risks) (45.6% vs. 69.8%, odds ratio [OR] 0.37 [95% CI 0.20, 0.65], P = 0.0005) or to require contraceptive use (29.9% vs. 57.1%, OR 0.32 [95% CI 0.18, 0.56], P = 0.001).
In clinical trials of type 2 diabetes medications, exclusion criteria affecting women of childbearing potential are often disproportionate to risk to the participant and fetus. These criteria have the potential to impede young women's access to clinical trials and may hinder the acquisition of clinical knowledge critical for improving the care of women with diabetes.
To determine whether, after adjustment for glycemia and other selected covariates, hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) differed among adults from six Hispanic/Latino heritage groups (Central American, Cuban, Dominican, Mexican, Puerto Rican, and South American) and between Hispanic/Latino and non-Hispanic white adults without self-reported diabetes.
We performed a cross-sectional analysis of data from 13,083 individuals without self-reported diabetes from six Hispanic/Latino heritage groups, enrolled from 2008 to 2011 in the Hispanic Community Health Study/Study of Latinos, and 2,242 non-Hispanic white adults enrolled during the 2007–2012 cycles of the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey. We compared HbA1c levels among Hispanics/Latinos and between Hispanics/Latinos and non-Hispanic whites before and after adjustment for age, sex, fasting (FPG) and 2-h post–oral glucose tolerance test (2hPG) glucose, anthropometric measurements, and selected biochemical and hematologic variables and after stratification by diabetes status: unrecognized diabetes (FPG ≥7.1 mmol/L or 2hPG ≥11.2 mmol/L), prediabetes (FPG 5.6–7.0 mmol/L or 2hPG 7.8–11.1 mmol/L), and normal glucose tolerance (FPG <5.6 mmol/L and 2hPG <7.8 mmol/L).
Adjusted mean HbA1c differed significantly across all seven groups (P < 0.001). Non-Hispanic whites had significantly lower HbA1c (P < 0.05) than each individual Hispanic/Latino heritage group. Upon stratification by diabetes status, statistically significant differences (P < 0.001) in adjusted mean HbA1c persisted across all seven groups.
HbA1c differs among Hispanics/Latinos of diverse heritage groups and between non-Hispanic whites and Hispanics/Latinos after adjustment for glycemia and other covariates. The clinical significance of these differences is unknown.
To analyze changes by age-group in all-cause and cause-specific mortality rates from 2000–2011 in people with diabetes.
A total of 1,189,079 (7.3% with type 1 diabetes) Australians with diabetes registered on the National Diabetes Service Scheme between 2000 and 2011 were linked to the National Death Index. Mortality rates in the total population were age standardized to the 2001 Australian population. Mortality rates were calculated for the following age-groups: 0 to <40 years, ≥ 40 to <60 years, and ≥60 to ≤85 years. Annual mortality rates were fitted using a Poisson regression model including calendar year as a covariate and age and sex where appropriate, with Ptrend reported.
For type 1 diabetes, all-cause, cardiovascular disease (CVD), and diabetes age-standardized mortality rates (ASMRs) decreased each year by 0.61, 0.35, and 0.14 per 1,000 person-years (PY), respectively, between 2000 and 2011, Ptrend < 0.05, while cancer mortality remained unchanged. By age, significant decreases in all-cause, CVD, and diabetes mortality rates were observed in all age-groups, excluding diabetes mortality in age-group 0–40 years. For type 2 diabetes, all-cause, CVD, and diabetes ASMRs decreased per year by 0.18, 0.15, and 0.03 per 1,000 PY, respectively, Ptrend < 0.001, while cancer remained unchanged. By age, these decreases were observed in all age-groups, excluding 0–40 years, where significant increases in all-cause and cancer mortality were noted and no change was seen for CVD and diabetes mortality.
All-cause, CVD, and diabetes ASMRs in type 1 and type 2 diabetes decreased between 2000 and 2011, while cancer ASMRs remained unchanged. However, younger populations are not benefiting from the same improvements as older populations. In addition, the absence of a decline in cancer mortality warrants urgent attention.
To examine the magnitude and types of hospitalizations among persons with prediabetes, undiagnosed diabetes, and diagnosed diabetes.
This study included 13,522 participants in the Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities (ARIC) study (mean age 57 years, 56% female, 24% black, 18% with prediabetes, 4% with undiagnosed diabetes, 9% with diagnosed diabetes) with follow-up in 1990–2011 for hospitalizations. Participants were categorized by diabetes/HbA1c status: without diagnosed diabetes, HbA1c <5.7% (reference); prediabetes, 5.7 to <6.5%; undiagnosed diabetes, ≥6.5%; and diagnosed diabetes, <7.0 and ≥7.0%.
Demographic adjusted rates per 1,000 person-years of all-cause hospitalizations were higher with increasing diabetes/HbA1c category (Ptrend < 0.001). Persons with diagnosed diabetes and HbA1c ≥7.0% had the highest rates of hospitalization (3.1 times higher than those without a history of diagnosed diabetes, HbA1c <5.7%, and 1.5 times higher than those with diagnosed diabetes, HbA1c <7.0%, P < 0.001 for both comparisons). Persons with undiagnosed diabetes had 1.6 times higher rates of hospitalization and those with prediabetes had 1.3 times higher rates of hospitalization than those without diabetes and HbA1c <5.7% (P < 0.001 for both comparisons). Rates of hospitalization by diabetes/HbA1c category were different by race (Pinteraction = 0.011) and by sex (Pinteraction = 0.020). There were significantly excess rates of hospitalizations due to cardiovascular, endocrine, respiratory, gastrointestinal, iatrogenic/injury, neoplasm, genitourinary, neurologic, and infection causes among those with diagnosed diabetes compared with those without a history of diagnosed diabetes (all P < 0.05).
Persons with diagnosed diabetes, undiagnosed diabetes, and prediabetes are at a significantly elevated risk of hospitalization compared with those without diabetes. Substantial excess rates of hospitalizations in persons with diagnosed diabetes were for endocrine, infection, and iatrogenic/injury causes, which may be preventable with improved diabetes care.
The goal of this study was to assess whether diabetes prevalence varies by countries at different economic levels and whether this can be explained by known risk factors.
The prevalence of diabetes, defined as self-reported or fasting glycemia ≥7 mmol/L, was documented in 119,666 adults from three high-income (HIC), seven upper-middle-income (UMIC), four lower-middle-income (LMIC), and four low-income (LIC) countries. Relationships between diabetes and its risk factors within these country groupings were assessed using multivariable analyses.
Age- and sex-adjusted diabetes prevalences were highest in the poorer countries and lowest in the wealthiest countries (LIC 12.3%, UMIC 11.1%, LMIC 8.7%, and HIC 6.6%; P < 0.0001). In the overall population, diabetes risk was higher with a 5-year increase in age (odds ratio 1.29 [95% CI 1.28–1.31]), male sex (1.19 [1.13–1.25]), urban residency (1.24 [1.11–1.38]), low versus high education level (1.10 [1.02–1.19]), low versus high physical activity (1.28 [1.20–1.38]), family history of diabetes (3.15 [3.00–3.31]), higher waist-to-hip ratio (highest vs. lowest quartile; 3.63 [3.33–3.96]), and BMI (≥35 vs. <25 kg/m2; 2.76 [2.52–3.03]). The relationship between diabetes prevalence and both BMI and family history of diabetes differed in higher- versus lower-income country groups (P for interaction < 0.0001). After adjustment for all risk factors and ethnicity, diabetes prevalences continued to show a gradient (LIC 14.0%, LMIC 10.1%, UMIC 10.9%, and HIC 5.6%).
Conventional risk factors do not fully account for the higher prevalence of diabetes in LIC countries. These findings suggest that other factors are responsible for the higher prevalence of diabetes in LIC countries.
Studies have suggested the association between autism spectrum disorder (ASD) and type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM)–related risk factors, such as obesity and dyslipidemia. However, the association between ASD and type 2 DM remains unknown.
We used the Taiwan National Health Insurance Research Database for enrolling 6,122 adolescents and young adults with ASD and 24,488 age- and sex-matched control subjects between 2002 and 2009 and monitored them until the end of 2011. Participants who developed type 2 DM during the follow-up period were identified.
Adolescents (hazard ratio [HR] 2.71 [95% CI 1.64–4.48]) and young adults (HR 5.31 [95% CI 2.85–9.90]) with ASD had a higher risk of developing type 2 DM than those without ASD, after adjustment for demographic data, atypical antipsychotics use, and medical comorbidities. Sensitivity analyses after excluding first year (HR 3.03 [95% CI 2.03–4.51]) and first 3-year (HR 2.62 [95% CI 1.62–4.23]) observation periods were consistent. Short-term (HR 1.97 [95% CI 1.20–3.23]) and long-term (HR 1.64 [95% CI 1.02–2.63]) use of atypical antipsychotics were associated with a higher likelihood of subsequent type 2 DM.
Adolescents and young adults with ASD were more likely to develop type 2 DM during the follow-up. In addition, those with ASD using atypical antipsychotics exhibited a high risk. Therefore, further research is necessary to investigate the common pathophysiology of ASD and type 2 DM.
Smoking is an established risk factor for type 2 diabetes. In contrast, it has been proposed that smoking may reduce the risk of latent autoimmune diabetes in adults (LADA), but studies are scarce. We aimed to study the impact of smoking on LADA and type 2 diabetes risks.
We used data from a Swedish case-control study including incident case patients with LADA (GAD antibody [GADA] positive, n = 377) and type 2 diabetes (GADA negative, n = 1,188) and control subjects randomly selected from the population (n = 1,472). We calculated odds ratios (ORs) with 95% CIs by logistic regression, adjusted for age, sex, BMI, family history of diabetes, and alcohol consumption.
There was no indication of reduced risk of LADA in smokers; instead, heavy smoking was associated with an increased risk of LADA (OR 1.37, 95% CI 1.02–1.84). Heavy smokers had higher levels of HOMA of insulin resistance (9.89 vs. 4.38, P = 0.0479) and HOMA of β-cell function (55.7 vs. 42.5, P = 0.0204), but lower levels of GADA (75 vs. 250, P = 0.0445), compared with never smokers. Smokers also displayed an increased risk of type 2 diabetes (OR in ever smokers 1.53, 95% CI 1.25–1.88).
In this large population of LADA patients, we did not observe a protective effect of smoking on autoimmunity and the risk of LADA. A protective effect could possibly be masked by a smoking-induced aggravation of insulin resistance, akin to the diabetogenic effect seen in individuals with type 2 diabetes.
Previous studies demonstrate that the metabolic syndrome is associated with distal symmetric polyneuropathy (DSP). We aimed to determine the magnitude of this effect and the precise components involved.
We determined the symptomatic DSP prevalence in the Health, Aging, and Body Composition (Health ABC) study (prospective cohort study, with subjects aged 70–79 years at baseline), stratified by glycemic status (glucose tolerance test) and the number of additional metabolic syndrome components (updated National Cholesterol Education Program/Adult Treatment Panel III definition). DSP was defined as neuropathic symptoms (questionnaire) plus at least one of three confirmatory tests (heavy monofilament, peroneal conduction velocity, and vibration threshold). Multivariable logistic and linear regression evaluated the association of metabolic syndrome components with DSP in cross-sectional and longitudinal analyses.
Of 2,382 participants with neuropathy measures (mean age 73.5 ± 2.9 years, 38.2% black, 51.7% women), 21.0% had diabetes, 29.9% prediabetes, 52.8% metabolic syndrome, and 11.1% DSP. Stratified by glycemic status, DSP prevalence increased as the number of metabolic syndrome components increased (P = 0.03). Diabetes (cross-sectional model, odds ratio [OR] 1.65 [95% CI 1.18–2.31]) and baseline hemoglobin A1C (longitudinal model, OR 1.42 [95% CI 1.15–1.75]) were the only metabolic syndrome measures significantly associated with DSP. Waist circumference and HDL were significantly associated with multiple secondary neuropathy outcomes.
Independent of glycemic status, symptomatic DSP is more common in those with additional metabolic syndrome components. However, the issue of which metabolic syndrome components drive this association, in addition to hyperglycemia, remains unclear. Larger waist circumference and low HDL may be associated with DSP, but larger studies with more precise metabolic measures are needed.
Type 2 diabetes (T2D) is associated with increased mortality in ethnically diverse populations, although the extent to which this association is genetically determined is unknown. We sought to determine whether T2D-related genetic variants predicted all-cause mortality, even after accounting for BMI, in the Third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey.
We modeled mortality risk using a genetic risk score (GRS) from a weighted sum of risk alleles at 38 T2D-related single nucleotide polymorphisms. In age-, sex-, and BMI-adjusted logistic regression models, accounting for the complex survey design, we tested the association with mortality in 6,501 participants. We repeated the analysis within ethnicities (2,528 non-Hispanic white [NHW], 1,979 non-Hispanic black [NHB], and 1,994 Mexican American [MA]) and within BMI categories (<25, 25–30, and ≥30 kg/m2). Significance was set at P < 0.05.
Over 17 years, 1,556 participants died. GRS was associated with mortality risk (OR 1.04 [95% CI 1.00–1.07] per T2D-associated risk allele, P = 0.05). Within ethnicities, GRS was positively associated with mortality risk in NHW and NHB, but not in MA (0.95 [0.90–1.01], P = 0.07). The negative trend in MA was largely driven by those with BMI <25 kg/m2 (0.91 [0.82–1.00]). In NHW, the positive association was strongest among those with BMI ≥30 kg/m2 (1.07 [1.02–1.12]).
In the U.S., a higher T2D genetic risk was associated with increased mortality risk, especially among obese NHW. The underlying genetic basis for mortality likely involves complex interactions with factors related to ethnicity, T2D, and body weight.
Recent studies suggest that air pollution plays a role in type 2 diabetes (T2D) incidence and mortality. The underlying physiological mechanisms have yet to be established. We hypothesized that air pollution adversely affects insulin sensitivity and secretion and serum lipid levels.
Participants were selected from BetaGene (n = 1,023), a study of insulin resistance and pancreatic β-cell function in Mexican Americans. All participants underwent DXA and oral and intravenous glucose tolerance tests and completed dietary and physical activity questionnaires. Ambient air pollutant concentrations (NO2, O3, and PM2.5) for short- and long-term periods were assigned by spatial interpolation (maximum interpolation radius of 50 km) of data from air quality monitors. Traffic-related air pollution from freeways (TRAP) was estimated using the dispersion model as NOx. Variance component models were used to analyze individual and multiple air pollutant associations with metabolic traits.
Short-term (up to 58 days cumulative lagged averages) exposure to PM2.5 was associated with lower insulin sensitivity and HDL-to-LDL cholesterol ratio and higher fasting glucose and insulin, HOMA-IR, total cholesterol, and LDL cholesterol (LDL-C) (all P ≤ 0.036). Annual average PM2.5 was associated with higher fasting glucose, HOMA-IR, and LDL-C (P ≤ 0.043). The effects of short-term PM2.5 exposure on insulin sensitivity were largest among obese participants. No statistically significant associations were found between TRAP and metabolic outcomes.
Exposure to ambient air pollutants adversely affects glucose tolerance, insulin sensitivity, and blood lipid concentrations. Our findings suggest that ambient air pollutants may contribute to the pathophysiology in the development of T2D and related sequelae.
Treatment of severe hypoglycemia outside of the hospital setting is limited to intramuscular glucagon requiring reconstitution prior to injection. The current study examined the safety and dose-response relationships of a needle-free intranasal glucagon preparation in youth aged 4 to <17 years.
A total of 48 youth with type 1 diabetes completed the study at seven clinical centers. Participants in the two youngest cohorts (4 to <8 and 8 to <12 years old) were randomly assigned to receive either 2 or 3 mg intranasal glucagon in two separate sessions or to receive a single, weight-based dose of intramuscular glucagon. Participants aged 12 to <17 years received 1 mg intramuscular glucagon in one session and 3 mg intranasal glucagon in the other session. Glucagon was given after glucose was lowered to <80 mg/dL (mean nadir ranged between 67 and 75 mg/dL).
All 24 intramuscular and 58 of the 59 intranasal doses produced a ≥25 mg/dL rise in glucose from nadir within 20 min of dosing. Times to peak plasma glucose and glucagon levels were similar under both intramuscular and intranasal conditions. Transient nausea occurred in 67% of intramuscular sessions versus 42% of intranasal sessions (P = 0.05); the efficacy and safety of the 2- and 3-mg intranasal doses were similar in the youngest cohorts.
Results of this phase 1, pharmacokinetic, and pharmacodynamic study support the potential efficacy of a needle-free glucagon nasal powder delivery system for treatment of hypoglycemia in youth with type 1 diabetes. Given the similar frequency and transient nature of adverse effects of the 2- and 3-mg intranasal doses in the two youngest cohorts, a single 3-mg intranasal dose appears to be appropriate for use across the entire 4- to <17-year age range.
In 2011, the Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services (CMS) launched the Competitive Bidding Program (CBP) in nine markets for diabetes supplies. The intent was to lower costs to consumers. Medicare claims data (2009–2012) were used to confirm the CMS report (2012) that there were no disruptions in acquisition caused by CBP and no changes in health outcomes.
The study population consisted of insulin users: 43,939 beneficiaries in the nine test markets (TEST) and 485,688 beneficiaries in the nontest markets (NONTEST). TEST and NONTEST were subdivided: those with full self-monitoring of blood glucose (SMBG) supply acquisition (full SMBG) according to prescription and those with partial/no acquisition (partial/no SMBG). Propensity score–matched analysis was performed to reduce selection bias. Outcomes were impact of partial/no SMBG acquisition on mortality, inpatient admissions, and inpatient costs.
Survival was negatively associated with partial/no SMBG acquisition in both cohorts (P < 0.0001). Coterminous with CBP (2010–2011), there was a 23.0% (P < 0.0001) increase in partial/no SMBG acquisition in TEST vs. 1.7% (P = 0.0002) in NONTEST. Propensity score–matched analysis showed beneficiary migration from full to partial/no SMBG acquisition in 2011 (1,163 TEST vs. 605 NONTEST) was associated with more deaths within the TEST cohort (102 vs. 60), with higher inpatient hospital admissions and associated costs.
SMBG supply acquisition was disrupted in the TEST population, leading to increased migration to partial/no SMBG acquisition with associated increases in mortality, inpatient admissions, and costs. Based on our findings, more effective monitoring protocols are needed to protect beneficiary safety.
Observational studies show an association between ferritin and type 2 diabetes (T2D), suggesting a role of high iron stores in T2D development. However, ferritin is influenced by factors other than iron stores, which is less the case for other biomarkers of iron metabolism. We investigated associations of ferritin, transferrin saturation (TSAT), serum iron, and transferrin with T2D incidence to clarify the role of iron in the pathogenesis of T2D.
The European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition–InterAct study includes 12,403 incident T2D cases and a representative subcohort of 16,154 individuals from a European cohort with 3.99 million person-years of follow-up. We studied the prospective association of ferritin, TSAT, serum iron, and transferrin with incident T2D in 11,052 cases and a random subcohort of 15,182 individuals and assessed whether these associations differed by subgroups of the population.
Higher levels of ferritin and transferrin were associated with a higher risk of T2D (hazard ratio [HR] [95% CI] in men and women, respectively: 1.07 [1.01–1.12] and 1.12 [1.05–1.19] per 100 μg/L higher ferritin level; 1.11 [1.00–1.24] and 1.22 [1.12–1.33] per 0.5 g/L higher transferrin level) after adjustment for age, center, BMI, physical activity, smoking status, education, hs-CRP, alanine aminotransferase, and -glutamyl transferase. Elevated TSAT (≥45% vs. <45%) was associated with a lower risk of T2D in women (0.68 [0.54–0.86]) but was not statistically significantly associated in men (0.90 [0.75–1.08]). Serum iron was not associated with T2D. The association of ferritin with T2D was stronger among leaner individuals (Pinteraction < 0.01).
The pattern of association of TSAT and transferrin with T2D suggests that the underlying relationship between iron stores and T2D is more complex than the simple link suggested by the association of ferritin with T2D.
Recent studies using untargeted metabolomics approaches have suggested that plasma branched-chain amino acids (BCAAs) are associated with incident diabetes. However, little is known about the role of plasma BCAAs in metabolic abnormalities underlying diabetes and whether these relationships are consistent across ethnic populations at high risk for diabetes. We investigated the associations of BCAAs with insulin sensitivity (SI), acute insulin response (AIR), and metabolic clearance of insulin (MCRI) in a multiethnic cohort.
In 685 participants without diabetes of the Insulin Resistance Atherosclerosis Study (IRAS) (290 Caucasians, 165 African Americans, and 230 Hispanics), we measured plasma BCAAs (sum of valine, leucine, and isoleucine) by mass spectrometry and SI, AIR, and MCRI by frequently sampled intravenous glucose tolerance tests.
Elevated plasma BCAAs were inversely associated with SI and MCRI and positively associated with fasting insulin in regression models adjusted for potential confounders (β = –0.0012 [95% CI –0.0018, –0.00059], P < 0.001 for SI; β = –0.0013 [95% CI –0.0018, –0.00082], P < 0.001 for MCRI; and β = 0.0015 [95% CI 0.0008, 0.0023], P < 0.001 for fasting insulin). The association of BCAA with SI was significantly modified by ethnicity, with the association only being significant in Caucasians and Hispanics. Elevated plasma BCAAs were associated with incident diabetes in Caucasians and Hispanics (multivariable-adjusted odds ratio per 1-SD increase in plasma BCAAs: 1.67 [95% CI 1.21, 2.29], P = 0.002) but not in African Americans. Plasma BCAAs were not associated with SI-adjusted AIR.
Plasma BCAAs are associated with incident diabetes and underlying metabolic abnormalities, although the associations were generally stronger in Caucasians and Hispanics.
We compared levels and associations of traditional (fasting glucose, HbA1c) and nontraditional (fructosamine, glycated albumin, and 1,5-anhydroglucitol [1,5-AG]) biomarkers of hyperglycemia with incident cardiovascular disease (CVD), incident end-stage renal disease (ESRD), and prevalent retinopathy in black and white adults.
We included 10,373 participants without (8,096 white, 2,277 black) and 727 with diagnosed diabetes (425 white, 302 black) from the Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities (ARIC) Study. We used Cox proportional hazards models to compare hazards ratios of CVD and ESRD among blacks and whites from baseline (1990–1992) through 2012. We compared the odds ratios (from logistic regression) of retinopathy among blacks and whites. We tested for the interaction of each biomarker with race.
Median values of biomarkers were higher among blacks versus whites (all P < 0.001). Relative risks for each biomarker with incident CVD and ESRD, and odds ratios for each biomarker with prevalent retinopathy, were similar by race (all P values for interaction by race >0.10).
The prognostic value of HbA1c, fructosamine, glycated albumin, and 1,5-AG with incident CVD, incident ESRD, and prevalent retinopathy were similar by race. Our results support similar interpretation of HbA1c and nontraditional biomarkers of hyperglycemia among black and whites with respect to long-term complications.


text:
Likely tally in TN: Jaya 110-120 seats, DMK, others in 2 digitsFor the first time, Tamil Nadu's voters have an option apart from voting for the DMK or AIADMK. Also for the first time, they have multiple contenders for the CM's post. Senior journlist R Rajagopalan, who travelled through Tamil Nadu, says it will be an election of many firsts. Will Tamil Nadu have a hung assembly? Or will it have a coalition government, a first for the southern state? Electioneering in Tamil Nadu has picked up but the voters are confused by the ... Rediff.com, 2 months ago
1 images for "aiadmk rsquo"
Is the son not being allowed to rise in DMK?
As the Opposition leader in the state assembly, M K Stalin has to fend off the ruling AIADMK on the one hand and prevent the re-emergence of a non-Dravidian Opposition on the other -- but his immediate challenge comes from within, in the form of his wheelchair-bound octogenarian party leader and father M Karunanidhi, says N Sathiya Moorthy. Image: DMK treasurer M K Stalin doing yoga on International Yoga Day 2016. Photograph: Courtesy, M K Stalin's Facebook page. Despite managing the ...Rediff.com, 3 days ago
In politically divided Tamil Nadu, a tiny sign of change
When M K Stalin attended the Jayalalithaa government's swearing-in and the chief minister thanked him for the gesture, a new page was turned in the state's political lexicon, reports B Srikumar. It came as a big surprise for most people in Tamil Nadu who are used to political mud-slinging and name-calling between rivals, when Chief Minister Jayalalithaa's issued a statement thanking M K Stalin, her political rival and treasurer of Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam, for attending the ...Rediff.com, 1 month ago How DMK failed to grab the chance in Tamil Nadu Rediff.com, 1 month ago Amma creates poll history as Tamil Nadu remains 'Dravidian', yet Rediff.com, 1 month ago Can the EC fight Tamil Nadu's 'cash-for-votes' frenzy? Rediff.com, 1 month ago
PHOTOS: Celebrations outside Amma's, Didi's residences
IMAGE: Workers smear green colour on the poster carrying the photo of Mamata Banerjee. Photograph: PTI IMAGE: AIADMK supporters offer tributes to a statue of party founder M G Ramachandra near the party headquarters in Chennai. Photograph: Sreeram Selvaraj As the early trends projected an advantage for the ruling All India Anna Dravida Munetra Kazhagam, its ecstatic workers began flocking the party headquarters and supremo Jayalalithaa's residence in the city, gearing up for ...Rediff.com, 1 month ago Meanwhile in Chennai, both parties celebrate Rediff.com, 1 month ago
Jaya leads AIADMK to second consecutive victory in TN
Jayalalithaa-led All India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam juggernaut rolled on Thursday getting a simple majority with the chief minister bucking the anti-incumbency trend and retaining power in Tamil Nadu for a second consecutive term, the first time by anyone in the last three decades in the state. The AIADMK bagged 134 seats as counting of votes was taken up for 232 of the 234 assembly constituencies. Polling in two constituencies has been postponed to May 23. However, the Dravida Munnetra ...Rediff.com, 1 month ago AIADMK candidates' list out, Jaya to re-contest R K Nagar seat Rediff.com, 2 months ago 'No words to thank Tamil people': Jayalalithaa on second straight win Rediff.com, 1 month ago
Government plans GST roll-out from April 2017
Sources say all political parties other than Congress and AIADMK have supported the GST Bill The Union government is confident it would be able to garner an adequate number of votes in the Rajya Sabha to ensure the passage of the Constitution amendment Bill on goods and services tax during the forthcoming monsoon session of Parliament. Based on this, it has already begun working on a timeline that envisages roll-out of the GST regime from April 2017. Top government sources told Business ...Rediff.com, 1 month ago
How Nitish's PM ambitions went up in smoke on May 19
The assembly election results on May 19 altered India's political landscape and with it dented Janata Dal-United leader Nitish Kumar's prime ministerial ambitions, says Devanik Saha. With three years remaining for the 2019 Lok Sabha polls, politicians having prime ministerial ambitions have started playing their cards. The most notable name which has emerged is that of Bihar Chief Minister Nitish Kumar, who is fancying himself to challenge Modi in 2019. Though he has not ...Rediff.com, 1 month ago
Jayalalithaa sworn-in as Tamil Nadu CM for the 6th time
The AIADMK supremo retained 13 of her ministers, who were in the previous cabinet, besides inducting 17 new faces including four women. All India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam supremo J Jayalalithaa, who bucked a 32-year trend to storm back to power for a second consecutive term, on Monday took oath as chief minister for the sixth time at a function attended by Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam leaders, departing from the practice of rivals keeping away from each other's swearing-in ceremony.Rediff.com, 1 month ago
Battle for 5 states: Biggest WINNERS and LOSERS
As counting is on in the five states – Kerala, Tamil Nadu, Puducherry, Assam and West Bengal -- here's a look at where the heavyweights stand. TAMIL NADU J Jayalalithaa The All India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam has won from the RK Nagar constituency in Chennai. No surprises there! M K Stalin Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam's Karunanidhi son and apparent heir to the throne, MK Stalin, has won from Kolathur. Karunanidhi DMK President M ...Rediff.com, 1 month ago Will Bihar, Kerala and Tamil Nadu do a U-turn on prohibition? Rediff.com, 2 months ago
How leaders reacted to the people's verdict
Here's what leaders from different political parties had to say as results were being announced from Assam, West Bengal, Tamil Nadu, Kerala and Puducherry. IMAGE: AIADMK supporters celebrate the victory in Chennai. Photograph: Sreeram Selvaraj "Want to thank the people of Bengal for giving us a huge victory. It is an unprecedented victory despite a joint opposition unleashing violence." -- Mamata Banerjee, TMC chief and West Bengal CM "There was a curiosity about ...Rediff.com, 1 month ago
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June 13, 2016
Father of Orlando gunman known for rambling political videos
The father of the Orlando nightclub gunman came to the U.S. from Afghanistan more than 30 years ago and has made a series of ...
June 13, 2016
The Latest: Trump yanks Washington Post credentials
The Latest on the 2016 presidential campaign (all times EDT): 5:17 p.m. Donald Trump says his presidential campaign is ...
June 12, 2016
What We Know: Gay nightclub shooting deadliest on US soil
A gunman opened fire at a gay night club in Orlando, Florida, early Sunday, leaving 50 people dead and 53 wounded before he ...
June 12, 2016
The Latest: People gather across US to honor Orlando victims
The Latest on the shooting at an Orlando nightclub (all times local): 11:45 p.m. Across the United States, people are ...
June 10, 2016
Obama widens US Afghan role in final months in office
Far from ending the two wars he inherited from the Bush administration, Barack Obama is wrestling with an expanded set of ...
June 10, 2016
Senate presses ahead on defense bill despite divisions
The Senate is heading toward passage of a defense policy bill that would authorize $602 billion in military spending, ...
June 10, 2016
In Pakistan US drone strike victim's family push for justice
Pakistan's government met senior U.S. officials Friday to discuss the fallout from a May 21 drone attack that killed Taliban ...
June 09, 2016
Officials: White House OKs expanded Afghanistan airstrikes
After months of debate, the White House has approved plans to expand the military's authority to conduct airstrikes against ...
June 09, 2016
Winner of award honoring AP photographer accustomed to risk
This year's recipient of an award named for an Associated Press photographer who was killed in Afghanistan is a ...
June 08, 2016
10 Things to Know for Today
Your daily look at late-breaking news, upcoming events and the stories that will be talked about today: 1. 'THANKS TO YOU ...
June 08, 2016
Afghan official: Taliban kill 12 captives taken in southeast
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Grim sign of war, blast walls turn Afghan capital into maze
Blast walls mushroom in the Afghan capital after each massive attack or a big bombing, turning Kabul into a maze of concrete ...
June 06, 2016
Afghan official: Taliban ambush kills 7 in country's north
A Taliban ambush on Monday killed at least seven people, including a district intelligence chief and his deputy in northern ...
June 06, 2016
Afghanistan's lapis lazuli seen as 'conflict mineral'
Afghanistan's president has thrown his support behind a push to classify lapis lazuli as a "conflict mineral" after a global ...
June 05, 2016
NPR journalist David Gilkey, translator killed on assignment
David Gilkey, a veteran news photographer and video editor for National Public Radio, and an Afghan translator, Zabihullah ...
June 05, 2016
Reports: 6 dead in armed attack in northern Kazakhstan
Six people are reported to have died in armed attacks on gun shops and a military base in Kazakhstan's city of Aktobe, ...
June 04, 2016
Kerry cautions China on actions in South China Sea
U.S. Secretary of State John Kerry says China would be committing a provocative and destabilizing act if it establishes an ...
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In Mongolia, Kerry seeks closer ties with democracy 'oasis'
Cultivating closer ties in this land of Genghis Khan lore and traditional yurts, U.S. Secretary of State John Kerry on Sunday ...
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With new tactics, Taliban gain ground in south Afghanistan
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June 01, 2016
Prosecutors: Gun buyer in massacre knew aspiring jihadists
The friend who bought the high-powered rifles used in the San Bernardino terrorist attack had ties to a group of California ...


text:
Triticum aestivum
Very Rare. Pkg contains only 25 seeds.
Developed cooperatively in 1951 by the Texas Agric. Exp. Station (Denton) and USDA-ARS
Hard red winter wheat.
Milling and baking characteristics ver similar to its Comanche parent.
Recommended in the Central and Rolling Plains of Texas.
Average plant height is 3' 5".
Seed Head length is 3.5"- 4 1/4".
Average of 9 seed heads per plant.
Resistant to some races of leaf and stem rust.
Very Rare. Pkg contains only 25 seeds.
The objective when planting wheat is to establish a uniform stand of at least 25 plants per square foot with adequate fall growth for tiller development and an established root system for winter survival. Planting methods include drilling, broadcast seeding, and aerial seeding. Specific seeding rates will vary widely with topography, climate, and management approach. In general, stick to 30-40 seeds per square foot at a depth of 1.5 inches. Wheat will sprout best in soil that is slightly compacted, so it's good to tamp the bed slightly after planting. For more information, see http://www.uky.edu/Ag/GrainCrops/ID125Section4.html.
Hard Red Winter Wheat Seeds
|The Uses of Wild Plants
The Uses of Wild Plants Using and Growing the Wild Plants of the United States and Canada by
|Organic Evergreen Parsley Seed
Vigorous growing, large, dense, coarse cut, deep curled, dark green compound leaves. This variety is more frost resistant than others, uniform, home or market gardens, biennial.


text:
Judi Shekoni
Born Mar 31, 1982 Age 34
Hometown Gorton Height 5' 0'' (1.5m)
Other Names Shekoni, Judith
Judith "Judi" Shekoni is an English actress, model, and television presenter who is based in Hollywood. She has two sisters and brothers.
View newly released photos of Judi Shekoni.
News + Updates
Browse recent news and stories about Judi Shekoni.
Why We Need Fewer Real Housewives... And More Cookie LyonHuffington Post - Oct 30, 2015
More Photos From The Twilight Saga: Breaking Dawn Part 1 Coming Soon.NetGoogle News - Aug 18, 2011
Breaking Dawn Star Encourages Young People To Vote Look To The StarsGoogle News - Jul 07, 2011
Learn about the memorable moments in the evolution of Judi Shekoni.
1977 Birth Born in 1977.
2002 25 Years Old From 11 June to 19 July 2002, she played the role of gangster's wife Marjorie "Precious" Hudson (née Hulton) in the BBC1 soap EastEnders. … Read More
2005 28 Years Old In 2005, she appeared in the ITV reality TV show, Celebrity Love Island alongside Calum Best, Paul Danan, Abi Titmuss and Nikki Ziering. … Read More
Original Authors of this text are noted on http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Judi_Shekoni.
Text is made available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License.
Text is made available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License.


text:
STOCKTON - The Delta Humane Society & SPCA is opening the Thrift & Gift Boutique in late June and is located across from Lincoln Center in Stockton at 6830 Pacific Avenue.
MODESTO - The Gallo Center for the Arts has released the names of the finalists to appear in the second annual 'Valley's Got Talent' contest in August.
MURPHYS - The Calaveras Winegrape Alliance will host its monthly Wines of the World Thursday, July 14, from 5:30 to 7 p.m. in the Ballroom at the Murphys Historic Hotel, 457 Main St., Murphys.
A three-alarm fire that topped $1.1 million in losses destroyed four businesses in the 700 block of North Main Street including Rocko's bar early Tuesday morning.
To gauge how popular softball is in Manteca all one has to do is take a drive past Big League Dreams and examine the full parking lot.
Denise Drury doesn't see the issue over whether Manteca can afford to keep six firefighters after July 1 as being purely about money.
FRENCH CAMP - The French Camp-McKinley Fire District Board of Directors has already started implementing the changes recommended by the San Joaquin County Grand Jury, the board chairman and vice chairman said on Monday.
Bryan Sanders shrugged off Tuesday's triple-digit degree temperatures to mark the first official day of summer.
RIPON - A new yogurt shop – "Culture Shock" frozen yogurt – is being opened by descendants of a pioneer Dutch Ripon family in the Towne Square Shopping Center located on West Main Street at Wilma Avenue.
RIPON - Ripon Christian High will be staging a family friendly Fourth of July on Monday, July 4, from 5 to 7:30 p.m. at the school campus.
RIPON - The June meeting of the Ripon Senior Fellowship Potluck will be on Monday, June 27, at 6 p.m. at the Ripon Senior Center, corner of south Wilma and west Fourth Street.
RIPON - The last day of June will mark the 40th anniversary of ENGEO Incorporated (ENGEO), a 120-person geotechnical, environmental and hydrologic engineering firm.
p { margin-bottom: 0.08in; } RIPON - The City of Ripon is nearing its fundraising goal for the Fourth of July.
A suspicious fire that erupted shortly before 2 a.m. Tuesday in the Save Mart shopping center on North Main Street and Louise Avenue posed a serious threat to the four commercial buildings clustered on the busy street corner.
STOCKTON - The Tidewater Art Center and Gallery will remain in its current location in downtown Stockton for the near future.
Page 551 of 883
Manteca Unified school campuses south of the 120 Bypass will be the first to use treated wastewater to irrigate grass fields and landscaping.
Brenda Padilla scanned the walls inside of the Manteca Unified boardroom and marveled at the work of her fellow students.
Stricter water rules are now in place for Manteca residents and businesses.
Robert Prewitt - the first principal at Colony Oak School - said it was a quieter time in Ripon when the new school's students and staff ...
Most of the time, a three-hitter with eight strikeouts will yield a win for a pitcher.
Ripon High is now in the driver's seat towards capturing its sixth Trans-Valley League crown in 10 years.
A low-key proposal to establish a partnership between the city, businesses, and property owners to breathe new life into downtown has been outlined by the ...
Get ready for the return of the Jedi, Manteca Parks & Recreation style.
On the basketball court, on softball mound, and on the football field, Manteca Unified School District has had significant success. This success focuses a lot ...
The report filed by a Lathrop Manteca Fire Department Battalion Chief tells a completely different story than the one that NextGeneration STEAM Academy Principal Leslie ...
Henry C. Long - a farmer with roots dating back to 1901 in French Camp - is being inducted into the Manteca Hall of Fame.
Ripon will soon have a law in place for massage businesses.
Page 18 of 18
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text:
LSU and Alabama renew their rivalry on the field Saturday night, and also in recruiting. The home school in the showdown in recent seasons has had a stupendous visitors list. This year is certainly no different, with a bevy of talent in the classes of 2014, 2015 and 2016 expected in Tuscaloosa, Ala. Here is a look at some of the heavy hitters in 2014 who will be closely watching this year's game:
Scout's Take: WR Jhamon Ausbon to LSU
3hTom Luginbill
Scout's Take: Wyatt Davis to Ohio State
3dCraig Haubert
Scout's Take: ESPN 300 DE Zachary Carter to Florida
3dCraig Haubert
Q&A: Why Devin Duvernay picked Texas
5dGerry Hamilton
Scout's Take: QB-PP Chase Garbers to Cal
5dTom Luginbill
Scout's Take: QB-PP Tyler Lytle to Colorado
5dTom Luginbill
Trevon Grimes coached at camp by Urban Meyer, decision in August
6dGerry Hamilton
Scout's Take: WR Saiid Adebo to Notre Dame
7dTom Luginbill
Scout's Take: DT Aubrey Solomon to Michigan
9dCraig Haubert
Scout's Take: OT Austin Troxell to Auburn
9dCraig Haubert


text:
Poll: Should Patriots draft Michael Sam?
|02.10.14 at 8:16 am ET
Missouri defensive end Michael Sam, the SEC Defensive Player of the Year, announced Sunday that he is gay.
Sam is projected to go in the third round in May's NFL draft, although there is concern that his coming out could affect his status. There has never been an active NFL player who has acknowledged his homosexuality.
Assuming Sam is available to the Patriots, do you think they should draft him?
Should the Patriots draft Michael Sam?
- Yes, they are equipped to handle this situation (76%, 774 Votes)
- No, this is a distraction they do not need (24%, 248 Votes)
Total Voters: 1,022
Latest from Bleacher Report
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- Brady Is Under Too Much Pressure, and It Could Crush Pats Dynasty
- Most Prominent Patriots on the Roster Bubble
- Report: Lombardi Leaving Pats Front Office
- What Could Ninkovich's Position Change Mean for Patriots Defense?
- Who Were Patriots Minicamp Stars


text:
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Sincerely appreciate and thank you...
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When I found out about MJM I instantly made it my number 1 magic store. There is no other magic store site that has better deals than MJM period....
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|Free Idaho Falls Classifieds. Sellers: Post free Idaho Falls classifieds and start selling. Buyers: Browse Idaho Falls classifieds and start shopping.
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On The Road
Is drop-top driving all it's cracked up to be? Let's take a look at how the actuality stacks up against the fantasy
The right van for the job
- on the road
- 16 Jun, 2016
Take the sting out of choosing your next vehicle with these handy tips
Find out what it takes to follow the Tour de France on a motorbike More
Behind the scenes at BTCC
- on the road
- 27 May, 2016
We got up close and personal with the Honda Yuasa BTCC team for an action-packed day at Thruxton… More
The day I got trapped in a van
- on the road
- 13 May, 2016
What happens when you become stuck in the back of a van on a hot summer's day? Let's find out…
Save money as a scooter commuter
- on the road
- 12 May, 2016
Have you ever considered how many hours and pounds a commuter bike could save you? It's time for a lesson in scooter-nomics… More
This week's Money Shot muses upon whether driverless cars will be a good thing More
Guide to Britain: Isle of Wight
- on the road
- 4 May, 2016
Covered mag hops into a Honda Civic Type R and onto a ferry to sample the many delights of the Isle of Wight More
Are speed awareness courses worth it?
- on the road
- 3 May, 2016
Drivers choosing speed awareness courses over points has reached a record high More


text:
Don't eat the poop, it's a hot dog.
Flag This Item
Glenn Beck is a douchebag!
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The video guide on how NOT to do it.
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Such a big tongue.
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VideoBash is your first and final stop for free funny videos, games and pictures guaranteed to brighten up your day. The funniest jokes and the most unbelievable pranks caught on tape have been collected in one spot for your viewing pleasure. This is entertainment at its best and no one does it better than VideoBash. These funny clips crackle with humor and they will definitely have you laughing till your sides hurt. Quality is our number one priority and the free funny vids here are the best of the best. There are no mediocre videos here. All the videos, jokes, pranks on VideoBash are the cream of the crop and you'll be hooked from the get go. The best part is you don't have to keep all this good stuff to yourself, you can share all the free entertainment videos with your friends.


text:
Best airfares from Paris to RomeJetradar compares airfares from Paris to Rome with hundreds of airlines (including Etihad Airways, Qatar Airways, Emirates) and dozens of online travel agencies in one single place. We provide you with all the options to find the cheapest flights to Rome, you choose where to book. Also there you can find airlines special offers from Paris to Rome. The cheapest round-trip price found within the last week was ₹3,984. The cheapest oneway price found within the last week was ₹2,457.
Cheapest Flights from Paris to Rome
Airline One Way One Way / Round-Trip Round-Trip Etihad Airways ₹83,442 Find Qatar Airways ₹65,903 ₹476,172 Emirates ₹85,013 Find American Airlines ₹12,875 ₹114,176 Lufthansa ₹8,508 ₹6,502
Airline One Way One Way / Round-Trip Round-Trip United Airlines ₹102,184 Find British Airways ₹2,486 ₹4,000 Turkish Airlines ₹7,714 ₹9,733 Air France ₹1,408 ₹3,048 KLM ₹8,866 ₹4,670
Airline One Way One Way / Round-Trip Round-Trip Kuwait Airways ₹4,984 ₹6,925 Swiss International Air Lines ₹8,391 ₹6,440 Air Canada ₹170,780 Find Aeroflot ₹49,914 ₹91,288 Alitalia ₹1,069 ₹4,420
Airline One Way One Way / Round-Trip Round-Trip Egypt Air Find ₹121,676 Austrian Airlines ₹14,902 ₹8,188 Korean Air Find ₹152,716 Air Berlin ₹4,272 ₹6,598 Finnair ₹45,477 ₹21,305
Flights from Paris to Rome
Travelling from Paris to Rome advices and facts
- The distance between Paris and Rome is 688 miles (or 1107 kilometers).
- The shortest flight time is 2h 11m
- There is no time difference between Paris and Rome. Check this again shortly before your flight.


text:
Bet she smells nice too! Taylor Swift adds a daring twist to her demure dress with sheer panel at fragrance awards
When a belly top just won't cut it, Taylor Swift still knows just how to make sure all eyes are on her impressively flat tummy.
The 23-year-old was ready for showing some skin on the red carpet on Wednesday as she attended the Fragrance Foundation Awards in New York City.
The star arrived in an elegant white floor-length dress which showed off her toned arms and shoulders with its halter neck style.
Smell of success: Taylor Swift attended The Fragrance Foundation Awards at Alice Tully Hall in New York City on Wednesday
Peek-a-boo! The singer donned a dress which displayed her chest and stomach with a sheer panel
The number also left her chest and top of her abs on show thanks to an isosceles see-through panel.
Taylor styled her fringed hair in a high bun and boasted large sparkling earrings for the event at Alice Tully Hall inside the Lincoln Center.
She emphasises her eyes with blue eyeliner for her appearance in the Big Apple.
Trim limbs: Her elegant number displayed her toned arms thanks to a halterneck style
Piercing peepers: Her eyes looked stunning with blue make-up
Watch your step! Taylor lifted up her dress slightly to walk on stage at the event
Wonderful whiff: The country singer spoke at the podium as a contributor to celebrity scents
Taylor Swift attends the Fragrance Foundation Awards held at in NYC.
The annual awards celebrate the global fragrance industry and its outstanding creative achievements in the world of perfumery.
Categories include Fragrance Celebrity of the Year which Taylor is likely to be up for.
Pin-up doll: Dita Von Teese wore a sexy bandeau number
Enviable body: The dress showed off her sculpted back as she posed for photographers before the bash
Fabulous footwear: The burlesque star showed her high heel shoes as she walked on the platform
Dip it low: The dancer's dress appeared as if it was at risk of slipping down
She launched an Elizabeth Arden fragrance entitled Wonderstruck in October 2011, taking its name from her song Enchanted.
Taylor released a spin-off fragrance named Wonderstruck Enchanted in September 2012.
The Nashville-born musician was joined at the bash by Connie Britton, who stars in the television series Nashville.
Nashville Navy: Connie Britton donned a strapless frock and wore her tresses in a side ponytail
She's looks magnifi-scent! Connie presented to the crowd at the Big Apple venue
The redhead looked great in a strapless navy blue frock which she wore with her flaming tresses to one side.
Dita Von Teese looked wonderful in a bandeau champagne hue number.
The raven-haired beauty showed off her signature red lipstick and embellished her arm with a chunky gold bangle.
Beauty in black: Sky Ferreira donned a lacy shirt and leather mini skirt
Stand-out pout: The blonde rocked red lips at Lincoln Center in the Big Apple
Poised pair: Estee Lauder group President John Demsey and Annelise Peterson
She launched her first scent in 2011 and then went on to launch Rouge and Fleur Teese afterwards.
Singer Sky Ferreira opted for a lacy black shirt and leather mini skirt with Mary Jane shoes and a blazer.
The short-haired blonde covered her pout in scarlet lipstick, creating a striking contrast.
Former Gossip Girl actress Jessica Szohr was also around for the ceremony and sparkled in a sleeveless dress which she paired with pointy toe beige heels and her hair up in a bun.
She sparkles! Jessica Szohr wore a shiny frock and nude heels to the event
At the podium: The former Gossip Girl actress spoke on stage in front of a star-studded audience
On the microphone: Actor Dana Carvey was suited and booted as he spoke on stage
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August 26, 2013
A preliminary total of 4,383 fatal work injuries were recorded in the United States in 2012, down from a revised count of 4,693 fatal work injuries in 2011, according to a new report from the U.S. Labor Department.
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We know you have many choices when it comes to purchasing sheet music. Over the next few weeks, we want to take the… read moreJune 22nd
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Bodybuilding is his hobby so he has a very firm tight body with lots of (muscle) definition.
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Bodybuilding is his hobby so he has a very firm tight body with lots of muscle definition.
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La musculation est son passe-temps c'est pourquoi il a un corps très ferme avec des muscles bien découpés.
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Art And Writing 2 is a piece of digital artwork by David Baruch Wolk which was uploaded on March 16th, 2013.
Many of the abstract expressionists, and truly the neo-impressionists before them, namely Van Gogh and Cezanne and even earlier and it seems the... more
Art And Writing 2
David Baruch Wolk
Digital Art - Digital Image
Many of the abstract expressionists, and truly the neo-impressionists before them, namely Van Gogh and Cezanne and even earlier and it seems the source of this change is in the impressionists, already broke away from a certain classical mode in painting that the brushstroke was secondary and subserviant to the form being expressed. Previous to this it is possible to say that the more that the brushstroke was hidden, the better. The emergence to the fore of the visiblity of the brushstroke can be seen as exemplifying two new thoughts; one, the the artist �voice� exemplified by his brushstroke begins to be as important as what he is saying (the form painted), even to the point where the brushstroke itself becomes even the essential form (i.e. Dekooning, Pollack, others); the second idea being an aspect of the general movement towards countering the lie of art; namely, the illusion of depth, by reinforcing the flatness of the picture plane, the surface of the painting, the eminence of the visible brushstroke is also a negation of the lie of painting.
All this is simple to those who know this subject, and here I want to add a point that may not have been said: The brushstroke is an expression of writing as well as painting. That is, the brushstroke forms the bridge between the two. This is so clear to me as to not need elaboration. I have written in another place the matter of the Hebrew letter being a bridge between word and picture, see there; here I wish to postulate that there is a progression in the history of art that is a movement towards this truth; that is, that the movement in art to abolish the lie of painting led to the preeminence of the importance of the brushstroke; this being of a revelation of the bridge between art and writing, art and letter, art and word. This is apparent also in other modern movements as is well known (Jasper Johns, and other �pop-artists� seemed to occupy themselves with this idea, and until our day it had entered into the realm of common culture, behold; graffiti in itself and graffiti art, and the entire advertising medium is replete with this underlying concept.)
In truth it is hard to define this as a new revelation; it likely to find through the history of man a more or less open avenue between art and letter, or, perhaps an oscillation in history between an opening and closing of this avenue. But it seems, the in modern history the movement towards abstraction and the preeminence of the brushstroke is specifically a movement towards verifying the importance of inner life and form and the connection of inner forms to universal form. The final step of this awareness is the acceptance of the world of the truth of the primacy of the forms of the Holy alphabet, as I have expounded upon in other places.
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Undefeated Bengals demand immediate possession of Super Bowl Rings
CINCINNATI, OH - Following their victory over the Cleveland Browns, members of the Cincinnati Bengals team, staff and front office have demanded that their Super Bowl rings be delivered immediately.
The request has been sent to the NFL commissioner's office and is expected to be acted upon soon. NFL commissioner Roger Goodell has not released an official comment on the demand, but is rumored to be considering complying with it as soon as his staff can confirm that the Bengals are indeed an NFL football team.
Locker room staff have been busy measuring each of the players for their ring size. "I've been looking for a new piece of bling," said Bengal running back Cedric Benson. "I just had no idea that it would be a Super Bowl ring. I guess I'll have to get a safety deposit box too, because there is no way I am going to wear something that nice next time I go to jail."
As the Bengals basked in the glory of their undefeated season, head coach Marvin Lewis warned them not to become complacent. "I know you are all excited to get your Super Bowl rings," he told the team. "But remember, the work does not stop here. If we win another game this season, then I am going to demand that we be declared the team of the century!"
Bengal owner Mike Brown joined in the festivities, and has agreed to personally deliver the rings to the players as soon as they arrive. "I have never in my life looked forward to a shipment in the mail as I am these Super Bowl rings," Brown said. "I can't wait to hand them to each member of our team. After, of course, I have a member of my staff go through them to remove any diamonds and have them replaced with cubic zirconia. I worked hard to build this team, so I deserve my cut too, you know."
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- Record 1.8% of Opening Day crowd watched game


text:
The guy was there for 10 seasons and won 0 conference titles and 1 division title. 5-4 in bowl games. Good for him for turning a bad team into an average team (in a fertile recruiting area), then back to a bad team, while collecting no meaningful hardware in the process. Steve Spurrier at Florida was the real deal. South Carolina? Completely overrated.
Member since 16 July 2013 | Blog
Recent Activity
When we lost Braxton many thought we were doomed from the start...
Impossible situation
Wasn't me who DV'ed, but it's not like Urban's roster was much different the following year. Fickell is a good LBs coach, and that's about all he's proven thus far. Bleeding scarlet and gray doesn't make you a good head coach.
Chip Kelly. And South Carolina Spurrier.
They failed to put the advertising screen in the photo:
Urban likes to dine at 5-star restaurants these days.
So sad. What a great coach and human being.
No offense, but isn't this heading down the same path The Game Haus went down? Those who care should all know where Birm resides by now. If they don't, they can search and find it fairly easily. Perhaps we shouldn't go down the path of linking/forwarding readers to a competitor?
You can edit your forum title.
I'm not sure there's enough risk to warrant adding weight to the arms. Gronk rocks the padding, but I suspect that's because he wants to hide the needle marks.
The Warriors are just too deep and have too many matchup problems, so it all comes down to how well they play, really. I expect a not-so-great game from Draymond tonight, resulting in a Cavs win in game 6. Warriors pull it out in game 7, though. Whoever wins it all, I just want to see a game 7!
Certainly goes to a good cause, but it will still be a hard sell. Especially since the charity benefits the gender that is typically benefiting from the game-watching.
Why are your kids playing anything instead of FOOTBALL?
Do they really have football available in 3rd grade?


text:
EUROPE: G-Spirits' topless model range "outrageous and distasteful" - CEPS
The trade body for Europe's spirits industry has branded a spirits range from German firm G-Spirits that is poured over the breasts of glamour models before bottling as "outrageous and distasteful".
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Antique Book –coronation Souvenir—king Edward's Realm--c1902.
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Antique Book –coronation Souvenir—king Edward's Realm--c1902.:
This hard back 224-page book is the story of the making of the Empire and it was presumably produced to commemorate the Coronation in August 1902—postponed from June of that year due to illness. The cover is in poor condition and there is foxing on many of the pages.
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Antique Book –coronation Souvenir—king Edward's Realm--c1902.:
Very Rare Antique Chinese Scroll Book Of Hens, Roosters, & Chicks-very Nice
The Memoirs Of The Aga Khan Cassell 1954
The Memoirs Of The Aga Khan Cassell 1954
Irvine Welsh - Neu Reekie; Signed 1st/1st
C1880 Colour Map Of Surrey By Letts, Son & Co
1833 2vol Letters And Journals Of Lord Byron Thomas Moore Notices Third Edition


text:
End of the road for Bushrangers
Sandringham Dragons have curtailed Murray Bushrangers' hopes of going further into the TAC Cup finals series.GEORGINA CAHILL September 1, 2014 3:05am
The road has ended for the Murray Bushrangers.
The Bushies put up a gallant fight against the Sandringham Dragons in their TAC Cup elimination final yesterday.
It was not for the lack of trying for the Bushies who battled from the get-go at Visy Park, Melbourne.
The Bushies met the Dragons in round eight and claimed a nail-biting two-point win.
However, the Dragons were a much different outfit yesterday, with a number of their private school players having returned to the side.
In the do-or-die clash, the Bushies got off to a strong start through Kyabram's Tom Holman.
Holman kicked a spectacular bomb from 52
Waaia's Connor Brown showed his class in the second quarter, while Isaac Muller was impressive in the ruck.
Dragons captain and highly rated AFL draft prospect Angus Brayshaw started to give the Bushies a headache, but they kept fighting.
The Dragons narrowly extended their lead to eight points at the main break.
Rennie's Dan Howe came out firing in the third quarter and booted the first goal within two minutes.
Seymour's Josh Schache took a huge mark just inside 50
But it was Mooroopna's Jy Simpkin who kicked a spectacular goal.
From about 20
The Bushies trailed by 20 points at three-quarter time, but they were not going down without a fight.
Howe booted the opening goal and his third for the day.
A Nathan Drummond goal quickly followed, but it was answered by Brayshaw.
Drummond was instrumental for the Bushies, while captain Nick Mellington fought hard through the midfield, but it was too little too late.
The Dragons ended the Bushies' finals hopes by inflicting a nine-point loss.
The Dragons will face North Ballarat Rebels in Sunday's semi-final.
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Cancer nurse's future secured
The Shepparton Biggest Ever Blokes Lunch committee will continue to fund the prostate cancer specialist nurse position at Goulburn Valley Health for the next four-and-a-half years.
Slow start but important win for Lions
Mulwala has overcome a sluggish first half to record an important victory beating Echuca United by 45 points on Saturday.
Promoted: Fighting for the CFA
The brave and selfless women and men of our CFA brigades need our support like never before and I will stand with them all the way.
More than just points on the line
Moama netball coach Clare Shalders knows her side is up against it when it takes on Echuca United at home for the Three Jacks Trophy in round 12 Murray Netball League action tomorrow.
The Australian Sheep and Wool Show
SPONSORED: TAKE a trip to Bendigo this July and enjoy a country-style holiday, plus a jam-packed program of events at the Australian Sheep and Wool Show 2016.
The Australian Sheep and Wool Show
SPONSORED: TAKE a trip to Bendigo this July and enjoy a country-style holiday, plus a jam-packed program of events at the Australian Sheep and Wool Show 2016.
Swans flex muscles
Avenel win easy
Hall offence
Berrigan Shire councillor Daryll Morris says he has been sickened by some of the vitriol and personal attacks to surface since the council's proposal to redevelop Finley's Memorial Hall and School of Arts site was revealed in October last year.
The Australian Sheep and Wool Show
SPONSORED: TAKE a trip to Bendigo this July and enjoy a country-style holiday, plus a jam-packed program of events at the Australian Sheep and Wool Show 2016.
Have a pie for a mate
If you are in the mood for a warm treat next Friday and want to get involved in the recent push to aid struggling dairy farmers, then Ambience Bakery Cafe will have you covered.
Talented Kayla's Canadian tour
Deniliquin's Kayla Smith will travel to Canada on Wednesday to compete in two major athletics meets.
Lawyers arrive to discuss Murray Goulburn claim
About 30 Murray Goulburn suppliers turned out to a Shepparton meeting last week with lawyers proposing legal action against the big processors.
Youngsters give it their all
Benalla Rovers soccer players represent at Country Leagues Football Association Championships.
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