text:
|Publication number
|Publication type
|Application number
|PCT number
|Publication date
|Mar 8, 2011
|Filing date
|Aug 8, 2003
|Priority date
|Sep 6, 2002
|Fee status
|Also published as
|Publication number
|Rodney Hugh Densham, William Edmund Cranstoun Kentish, Nicholas John Haynes, Peter Charles Eastty
|Original Assignee
|Sony Europe Limited
|Export Citation
|BiBTeX, EndNote, RefMan
|Patent Citations (18), Referenced by (7), Classifications (15), Legal Events (5)
|External Links: USPTO, USPTO Assignment, Espacenet
1. Field of the Invention
The present invention relates to: a method of processing digital data; apparatus for processing digital data; a computer program for processing digital data; a data format; a method and apparatus for restoring the processed data; and a corresponding program. Some aspects and embodiments of the invention relate to processing audio signals, but it will be appreciated that in other aspects and embodiments the invention may be applied to other data. The other data may be audio/visual data, video data, still image data, a computer program, and multimedia data amongst other examples.
2. Description of the Prior Art
EP-A-1,189,372 (Matsushita) discloses many techniques for protecting audio signals from misuse. In one technique, audio is compressed and encrypted before distribution to a user. The user needs a decryption key to access the audio. The key may be purchased by the user to access the audio. The audio cannot be sampled by a user until they have purchased the key. Other techniques embed an audible watermark in an audio signal to protect it. In one technique, an audio signal is combined with an audible signal (also referred to as a watermark) according to a predetermined rule. The watermark degrades the audio signal. The combination is compressed for transmission to a player. The player can decompress and reproduce the degraded audio signal allowing a user to determine whether they wish to buy a "key" which allows them to remove the watermark. The watermark is removed by adding to the decompressed degraded audio signal an equal and opposite audible signal. The watermark may be any signal which degrades the audio. The watermark may be noise. The watermark may be an announcement such as "This music is for sample playback".
Co-pending UK patent application 0202737.3 (Sony United Kingdom Limited) filed 6 Feb. 2002 discloses a method of modifying a compressed video bitstream for applying a watermark to the video. The bitstream includes digital codes representing the compressed video. At least one digital code is selected. The code occupies a part of the bitstream which is to contain at least one watermark code which represents a watermark perceptible in the information signal. The selected, digital code(s) are removed from the said part of the bitstream. The watermark code(s) are put in the said part of the bitstream in place of the selected code(s). The number of bits of the selected code(s) removed from the said part of the bitstream is greater than or equal to the number of bits of the said watermark code(s) put in the said part. The removed selected code(s) are encrypted and appended to an end of the bitstream and/or placed in watermark user data fields created in the bitstream.
WO 02/51150 discloses a system in which an audio signal is transmitted in the blanking period of a video signal. Compressed video information and compressed audio information are reproduced from a DVD. The video is decoded by a computer. The computer encrypts the decoded video. The computer also encrypts the compressed audio. The computer outputs the encrypted video and the encrypted audio via a cable.
U.S. Pat. No. 6,041,160 combines, in a multiplexer, encoded audio information with compressed video which has been at least partially scrambled.
US-A1-2002/0108043 generates MPEG encoded data which comprises audio and video information. A switch has two inputs: one is connected to receive the MPEG encoded data directly and the other via an encrypting device. The switch selects one or the other input to generate partly encrypted MPEG data.
U.S. Pat. No. 4,266,243 comprises a mixer which combines composite video signals with scrambled and compressed audio signals. The audio signals are scrambled in a scrambling device and then the scrambled audio is compressed in a compressor before being applied to the mixer.
GB-A-2 369 022 (Radioscape Limited) describes the delivery of audio files by digital radio,
An incomplete and/or partly corrupted audio file in compressed form, is transmitted as a first data stream by digital radio "in the clear" (i.e. unencrypted). An audio file of n frames is made incomplete by removing n-n frames, leaving m to be transmitted. The file is corrupted by corrupting m-p of those frames leaving p uncorrupted frames to be transmitted "in the clear".
A second data stream referred to as a "delta stream" comprising the n-m removed frames and the m-p original (uncorrupted) frames totalling n-p frames. Those n-p frames are encrypted. In one example those n-p encrypted frames are embedded within extra space allocated within the audio frames themselves.
The receiver is able to reassemble the original audio file by reinserting the n-m removed frames from the second stream into the first data stream and replacing the m-p corrupted frames in the first data stream with the m-p original frames taken from the second stream.
According to a first aspect of the present invention there is provided method of processing a digital audio signal comprising the steps of:
a) providing a digital audio signal representing unimpaired audio information;
b) compressing and encrypting the said digital audio signal to produce a first, compressed and encrypted, audio signal the audio information of which is substantially unimpaired compared to that of the said digital audio signal;
c) producing an unencrypted second audio signal; and
d) combining the said first and second audio signals to produce a combined signal comprising the said compressed and encrypted first audio signal and the unencrypted second audio signal.
The digital audio signal is preferably losslessly compressed but it may be compressed by a "lossy" process. Thus the first compressed and encrypted audio signal is preferably an unimpaired representation of the digital audio signal due to the loss less compression, but may be a substantially unimpaired representation to the extent the lossy compression has resulted in the loss of some data.
Because the first audio signal is (substantially) unimpaired, it is recoverable simply by separating it from the second audio signal and decrypting it, which is a relatively straight forward process. It does not require reassembling using data from another signal (c.f. Radioscape) which is a relatively complex process.
Because the first audio signal is encrypted it is secure from unauthorised use.
The second signal is unencrypted and thus can be reproduced easily.
Preferably, the first audio signal is compressed and subsequently encrypted. Most preferably, the encryption algorithm used to encrypt the first audio signal does not significantly increase the number of bits of the first audio signal. A small increase in the number of bits may be acceptable.
The compression reduces the amount of data and the encryption transforms the compressed data into noise. The first signal then appears to a user to be noise in the combined signal.
The second signal may be an impaired version of the (unencrypted and uncompressed) digital audio signal or a filter audio signal.
Where the second signal is an impaired version of the original digital audio signal, a user may listen to the second signal (which is not encrypted) to determine whether they wish to access the original digital audio signal. If they do wish to access the original digital audio signal, that signal can be reproduced from the compressed and encrypted first signal. The original digital audio signal is kept secure from misuse in that the user cannot access it without a decryption key whilst the impaired second signal can be used by the user without decryption.
The second signal may be an impaired and compressed version of the first signal in which case a user needs a suitable decompressor to access the impaired signal.
A second aspect of the present invention provides, in a system comprising a transaction server and at least first and second clients, a method of transferring a digital signal representing content from the first client to the second client, the method comprising the steps of:
using the first client to implement the method of said first aspect of the invention to produce the combined signal, and associate an identifier with the combined signal for identifying the combined signal;
providing, to the transaction server, the identifier and at least one key for decrypting the encrypted signal and storing, in the transaction server, the said identifier and the said at least one key;
transferring the combined signal to the second client;
deriving the said identifier associated with the combined signal;
transferring the identifier from the second client to the transaction server;
subject to predetermined conditions being satisfied, transferring from the transaction server to the second client at least one key associated with the said identifier, for decrypting the encrypted first signal; and
using the second client to separate the first signal from the second signal and to restore the first signal.
According to a third aspect, there is provided, in a system comprising at least first and second processors, a method of transferring a digital signal representing content from the first processor to the second processor the method comprising the steps of:
using the first processor to implement the method of said first aspect of the invention to produce the combined signal and to associate an identifier with the combined signal for identifying the combined signal;
storing the said identifier;
transferring the combined signal to the second processor;
at the said second processor, deriving the said identifier associated with the combined signal;
subject to predetermined conditions being satisfied, transferring to the second processor at least one key associated with the said identifier, for decrypting the encrypted first signal; and
using the second processor to separate the first signal from the second signal and to reproduce the first signal.
A fourth aspect of the invention provides a method of processing a digital signal comprising the steps of
providing a first digital signal representing first information,
providing a second digital signal, and
embedding the first signal in the second signal by replacing Less Significant Bits (LSBs) of the second signal by bits of the first signal and retaining the More Significant Bits (SBs) of the second signal,
whereby the first signal occurs as noise in the second signal.
Preferably in the fourth aspect the first signal is a compressed signal and/or an encrypted signal.
A fifth aspect of the invention provides a method of processing a digital signal comprising the steps of
providing a first digital signal representing substantially unimpaired first information, the first signal being a compressed and/or encrypted signal,
providing an unencrypted second digital signal representing second information, and which is compressed according to a compression format having auxiliary data space, and
combining the first signal comprising the said substantially unimpaired first information with the second signal, embedding at least part of the first signal being embedded in the said auxiliary data space of the second signal.
In the fifth aspect, part of the first signal may be appended to the second signal.
A sixth aspect provides a method of processing a digital signal comprising the steps of
providing a first digital signal representing first information,
providing a second digital signal, and
embedding the first signal in the second signal by selecting groups of N samples and distributing over the N samples of each group corresponding sets of M bits of the first signal, where the ratio M/N is an integer fraction.
In the fourth fifth and sixth aspects, the first signal preferably represents a computer program and the second signal preferably represents an audio signal. Thus in an example of the fourth, fifth and sixth aspects a computer program may be combined with a music track the combination being recorded on a recording medium for example a compact disc.
These and other aspects of the invention are set out in the claims to which attention is invited. The features of the claims may be combined in combinations other than those explicitly set out in the claims.
For a better understanding of the present invention, reference will now be made by way of example to the accompanying drawings in which:
In the Figures, like elements are denoted by like reference signs.
The present invention is described in the following by way of example with reference to audio signals.
Compression and Encryption of Audio Files
Referring to
Combining the First, Compressed and Encrypted, Audio Signal with a Second Audio Signal
In the example of
The combined signals, which in this example are a file, are then stored in a store 9, and/or provided to a transmission system 9, and/or recorded on a suitable recording medium 9 indicated as distribution material in
The example of
Mixing a Spoiler Signal with an Audio Signal
As shown in
Modulating the Spoiler Signal
Compressing the Audition Signal
Combining the Compressed and Encrypted Audio Signal with the Audition Signal
The combiner 8 of any one of
Assume the compressed and encrypted audio signal is in the form of a file and the audition signal is also in the form of a file. Assume also that both files have the same format although that is not essential. Referring to
A) In one example, the LSBs of samples of the audition file are replaced by samples of the compressed and encrypted audio signal. Thus in the combined signal the MSBs represent the audition file and the LSBs are noise representing the original audio from source 1 and occur in the combined signal as noise.
If the audition file is sufficiently long, all the samples of the encrypted and compressed audio are placed in the LSBs of the audition file. If the encrypted and compressed audio file does not fill the LSBs of the audition file, then the unused LSBs of the audition file may be replaced by zeros or they may be retained unchanged. If the encrypted and compressed file is longer than can be accommodated by the LSBs of the audition file, then additional samples of the combined file are created comprising zero filled MSBs and LSBs which are the samples of the encrypted and compressed audio.
The ratio of MSBs to LSBs in each sample of the combined signal file may be fixed, or alternatively it may be variable. Referring to
The ratio of MSBs to LSBs may be chosen as a function of the lengths of the file of the audition signal and of the file of the compressed and encrypted audio signal.
Bit Distribution
B) Referring to
This explanation assumes that a file of audio is processed as shown in
At step S50 the ratio of the number of compressed bits to the number of uncompressed audition samples is calculated. For this example the ratio is 10.4.
At step S51, that ratio is converted to a simple integer fraction M/N equal to or greater than the said ratio, where M and N are low integers. 10.4=52/5. Thus M=52 bits are to be distributed over each set of N=5 samples as the LSBs of those audition samples. (In practice it is desirable to choose a value of M which is less than the word length of the computer on which the method is implemented to keep the subsequent processing simple. M and N are stored (S511) to enable the subsequent reversal of the process.
At step S52 a value S=2R is calculated. R equals M/N.
At step S53, a group of N=5 samples and M=52 bits is obtained. Header data is added to the bitstream to indicate the group. For the purposes of the following explanation assume the M bits represent an M bit number of value V. The samples are ordinally numbered 0 to N−1, in this example 0, 1, 2, 3 and 4.
At step S54 set X=N−1.
At step S55, A′[X]=((A*(F−S)/F)/S)*S is calculated for each of the N samples, where A is the range of the audition sample. This scales the value of A and is termed a scaled value below.
By way of explanation Step $55 is a combination of two sub-steps which when combined produce step S55. In the first sub-step each audio sample is pre-scaled according to A′[X]=A[X]*((F−S)/F) so it fits in the range −(F+S) . . . (F−S). F is the maximum value which a sample can take. For a 16 bit sample F=+/−215−1. The second sub-step scales each pre-scaled audio sample A′[X] according to A″[X]=(A′[X]/S)*S so that it has a value in set{−(F+S), −2S, 1S, 0, 1S, 2S . . . F−S} . . .
At step S 56 replace the current scaled value A″ by a new value A′[X]+V/SX where A′[X] is the ordinally numbered scaled value. This adds the bits representing V/SX to the scaled value A″[X].
At step S57, V is replaced by V−V/SX.
At step S58, if N is not 0 then N is decremented by 1 and another set of bits of V are added to the next sample by steps S55 to 57. If N=0 then the 0th sample is replaced by A′[0]+Vmod S which has the effect of adding the remaining value of V to the 0th sample.
Referring to
Starting at step S62, the group of N samples A′ are obtained and at step S63. X and V are set initially to 0. Then at step S64 the current value of V is replaced by a new value V+(A′[X] mod S)*SX. Thus for the first calculation X=0 so V=A′[0]mod S.
If X is not N−1 at step S65, then X is incremented by one at step S66 and V replaced by the new value at step S 64. That cycle repeats until all N samples have been processed, the final value of V=V+A[4]modS*S4 being the restored original bits.
C) Referring to
Reducing the Size of the Combined File.
It is possible that, for a given file-size of the combined file, when using the combining method A described above, the number of MSBs representing the audition signal in the combined signal may be too small to provide an adequate audition signal for a user to hear but it is not desired to increase the size of the file. It is possible to make more space available for the MSBs representing the audition signal, if the audition file is a multi-channel file, by converting the file to a single channel (mono) file. The compressed and encrypted audio may be placed in the LSBs of the audition signal by any of the methods described above. Any encrypted audio which cannot be fitted into the LSBs of the audition file may be appended to the audition signal (see
In one method, if the file has two channels, (i.e. it is a stereo file), each of 16 bits and 7 bits are needed for the audition signal, then the two channels may be converted to one mono channel of 32 bits. That increases the bits available for the compressed and encrypted signal from 2*(16-7) [i.e. 18] to 1*(32-7)=25.
In another method, provided the number of bits per sample is greater than the number of channels the format of the original signal can be maintained and each channel of the signal is replaced by a mono fold-down of all the channels. As the mono signals are coherent, this has the effect of making the audition content of the distribution file perceptibly louder (for each added channel). The noise is incoherent, so remains at an unchanged perceived level. Consequently, an extra MSB in the audition file may be made available to the encrypted material (for each of the original channels) without loss of perceived quality except for loss of the multi-channel audio image.
A further method produces a single mono representation of the original signal, reduced to the size of one of the original channels. This greatly reduces the file size, allowing any excess encrypted data (after the merge operation) to be appended to this file (or inserted as a non-audio section).
A method for reducing the file-size of the combined file, which may be acceptable in some circumstances, is to reduce the sample-rate of the samples in the audition file, using standard down-conversion algorithms. This has the effect of reducing the frequency range of the audition signal and also effectively decreasing the file-size of the audition signal relative to the original. Encrypted audio is placed in the LSBs of the samples as described above. Any encrypted audio which cannot be fitted into the LSBs of the audition file may be appended to the audition signal (see
Converting a multi-channel file to a single channel file as described in this section may also be used in conjunction with the combining method B (Bit Distribution) described above,
MPEG Compression
Referring to
Thus the audition signal can be reproduced using an MPEG reproducer.
Compression formats other than MPEG may provide equivalent auxiliary data space. MP3 may be used for example with auxiliary data space therein.
In addition to, or as an alternative to using the auxiliary data space, the compressed and encrypted audio may be appended to the end of the MPEG data structure as shown in
Techniques Using Blocks, Segments or Sections of Audio. Partial Encryption and Decryption.
In some situations it may be desirable to allow only sub-sections of the original material to be extracted from the distribution material. In this case, as the original file is being compressed in compressor 2, it is split into segments of a fixed length (e.g. 1 sec, 5 sec, 10 sec), or into sections at specified points. In the example of an audio track of a film or video, the sections may correspond to scenes. In this example, different encryption keys are used to encrypt the different segments or sections, and saved in a lookup file for later decryption. In this example, the compressed/encrypted file must contain information at determinable points (normally section or segment boundaries), which indicate which section or segment of the original audio is contained within that section or segment. This information is necessary, as the compression obtained is not constant throughout the compression process, so there is not a fixed method for calculating position in the original material from position in the encrypted/compressed version. The compression/encryption in this mode can be done in one of several different ways, two of which are mentioned here:
Sections or segments of desired length are then separately encrypted and merged with the audition signal using a method as described above.
The sections or segments of the encrypted data may be organised as follows:
A modification which is applicable to both of the above segmented encryption methods is to place a complete lookup table LUT of segment/offset information at a known place in the encrypted or compressed file, which enables the correct segment or section to be located quickly.
In this variant, decryption and extraction is similar to that described in the method described above. When a valid request is received to extract a segment or section of the distributed file, the key(s) for the segment or section is/(are) retrieved from the lookup file, the segment or section is located in the encrypted data (LSBs) of the distributed file, using the information saved in the block header(s), and the sections or segments decoded.
If a user requests the extraction of a portion of the audio which is longer than one segment or section but does not coincide with section or segment boundaries, then whole sections or segments which include the requested portion are extracted to allow correct decryption and decompression. However, more data is extracted than is requested. Thus blocks which contain audio samples outside the requested segment are extracted. These are discarded after decryption and decompression. When choosing a basis for the original file segmentation, care should be taken to ensure that the decodable segments sizes and the permitted extraction request sizes do not allow large numbers of samples to be decoded outside requested portions of audio, as they are potentially available for unauthorised use. This potential security gap is completely avoidable if permitted segment extraction exactly follows encoding lengths (eg on 10 second boundaries), or the original material is explicitly encoded in segments and extraction requests are restricted to those segments.
Adaptive Bit-Slicing.
Louder audio signals mask noise better than quiet ones. In this, adaptive bit-splicing, variant the signal level of the spoilt material is analysed before or during the combining stage and is divided into blocks with different average loudness. The blocks may be either of fixed length, or of variable length determined by loudness thresholds. The sequence of blocks thus generated may then be combined with the encrypted data, using a bit-slice (MSB:LSB ratio) based on the loudness of each block. In this method, the compression and encryption of the first signal may be performed on the whole of the original material, but the encrypted data is also broken into blocks at the same block-boundaries as the audition material with header information at the start of each encrypted block giving the number of samples at a given bit-slice, which is required when the encrypted data is subsequently extracted when the original is restored.
This variant may be combined with the with the partial-decryption variant (above), by setting a maximum segment size for audio of similar loudness which allows decryption of the original on the required boundaries.
Streaming Audio.
In some situations, it may be required that the operation of creating the distribution file should start generating output before the whole original audio has been read. This might be the case if the original audio is received from a network connection rather than a file, or the output is being encrypted on-the-fly for distribution on a network connection. It is of course not possible to see the whole file before compressing or encrypting must start. The procedure to follow is similar to that for Partial Encryption-method 2 described above. The main differences are that: the same encryption key may be used for all blocks; a predetermined block length is used; and that it is not always possible to generate a continuous bit-stream for the encoded version of the data, as compression ratios obtained will vary from block to block. There is a choice of strategies, influenced by the actual compression ratio obtained for each block of original audio data, and the fact that the generated data must not stall waiting for subsequent blocks.
The method described in the section Bit Distribution may also be applied to streaming audio.
Floating Point Format
The preceding description assumes that the digital audio is represented in a fixed point format. However the digital audio may be represented in floating point format. Those skilled in the art will recognise that floating point format might result in more complex processing.
A Combined System (
The invention has been described with reference to
The compression ratio achieved by the compressor 2 may be measured and if the compressor 16, 18, 181 of the audition signal is provided, then the compression ratio of that compressor 16, 18, 181 may be controlled in dependence on the measured compression ratio. That enables the compression of the audition signal to be adjusted to provide an appropriate ratio of compressed MSBs representing the audition signal to LSBs representing the compressed and encrypted original audio for a given file size. Alternatively or additionally, the manner in which the audition signal is combined with the compressed and encrypted original audio signal may be chosen in dependence on the measured compression ratio, which also enables an appropriate ratio of MSBs (representing the audition signal) to LSBs (representing the compressed and encrypted original audio) for a given file size to be selected.
a) The choice of spoiler signal if a suite of spoiler signals is provided.
b) The relative signal levels of the spoiler signal and the signal being spoiled.
c) The choice of modulation if a suite of modulations is provided as described above.
d) Type of compression provided by the compressor 16, 18, 181 of the audition signal. Various types of compression are described above.
e) Type of combination of the audition signal and of the compressed and encrypted original audio signal. Various types are described above.
f) The type of block or segment or section of audio. Blocks may be of fixed length or variable. Segments or sections may be fixed or variable. They may be chosen to correspond to scene changes for example as described above. The control panel may be used to designate the scene change locations.
g) The control panel may be used to add information about the sections or segments.
h) Parameters for raw (headerless) PCM files such as sample rate, sample format etc.
The system of
Referring to
If the reproducer is intended to also reproduce the compressed and encrypted audio, it further comprises a separator 55 which separates the encrypted and compressed audio from the audition signal, a decryptor 56 which decrypts the separated signal using the keys 3, a decompressor 57 and a reproducing stage 58 which reproduces the original audio.
Referring to
If the first and second signals are combined by the method described in the section "Bit Distribution" described above then they are separated using the method described with reference to
The decryption key or keys are then obtained S8 and used to decrypt S10 the LSBs. The decrypted audio is then decompressed S12.
For other data structures such as those shown in
Transaction Systems
Referring to
Referring to
The owner of material, i.e. the seller, controls the seller client 60. A buyer controls the buyer client 61. In this example, a third party owns and controls the transaction processor 62 although the transaction processor may be owned and controlled by for example the seller. The system allows audio material to be acquired, securely and perceptibly spoiled or impaired as described herein above, and transferred to the buyer for the buyer to audition (69) the impaired audio material. If the buyer then wants to buy the original unimpaired audio material, the buyer obtains from the transaction server 62 the data needed to access the unimpaired audio. In this example, the seller and buyer both register (651, 652) with the transaction server. The data for accessing the unimpaired audio is sent from the transaction server to the buyer only when the buyer has paid for the material. The payment is monitored by the transaction server 62 which communicates with a financial institution 63. Payment is made via the server 62 and/or via the institution 63.
Associated with the seller client 60 is a first apparatus 66 for impairing the audio material as described above. The apparatus 66 may be as shown in any of
A content auditioning apparatus 69 is also denoted in
The seller client and the buyer client may be computers which implement the impairment of audio and access to the audition signal and the unimpaired audio. As part of the registration process, software for implementing the impairment of original audio may be provided by the server to the seller client. Likewise software for accessing the unimpaired audio may be provided by the server top the buyer client.
In this example the material is audio material and is recorded on a recording medium 9, e.g. a tape, disc or other store or is a bitstream form an external source. The material is acquired and processed by the first apparatus 66. In addition the material identifier is applied to the material. Then the material including the identifier is transferred on the medium 9 to the second apparatus 68, 69. The transfer is for example by post. Alternatively, the audio material may be transferred via the network 64.
The identifier is applied to the audio material during acquisition or during processing of the material to enable the key(s) to be associated with the audio and to enable the buyer, seller and transaction server to manage the selling and buying of the audio material. An example of an identifier is a Unique Material Identifier or UMID. UMIDs are described in more detail in SMPTE Journal March 2000.
To obtain the unimpaired audio, the buyer pays for the audio and obtains the decryption key(s) from the server 64.
A system as shown in
In an alternative example, there is no transaction server and the seller communicates directly with the buyer via the network.
In another alternative example, both a seller client and a buyer client may be implemented on the same computer.
The invention may also be implemented in a peer to peer network.
In yet another alternative, the there is no transaction server 62. The buyer who has a buyer processor 61 communicates with the seller who has a seller processor 60 via the network 64 to obtain the combined audio data either via the network or an a tape or disc or other recording medium which is sent to the buyer. If the buyer likes the audition signal, the buyer pays the seller for the decryption key(s) either directly or via the financial institution 63 connected to the network. The seller then sends the decryption key(s) to the buyer.
Push Systems and Pull Systems
The transaction systems described with reference to
The present invention may be used in "push" systems an example of which is a broadcasting system in which audio is transmitted to all potential users. If a user then wishes to acquire the unimpaired audio they then request the issuance of the decryption key(s).
Computer Program Combined with an Audio Signal
In the foregoing examples, the first signal is a compressed and encrypted digital audio signal which is combined with a second audio signal, which is the audition signal. In some examples, the encryption randomises the first signal so that it appears to be noise if it is embedded in the second signal. In other examples, the second signal is compressed and the first signal embedded in auxiliary data space in the compressed audition signal and/or appended to the compressed second signal.
In a development of the invention, the first signal is a computer program which may or may not be compressed and which may or may not be encrypted. This example assumes it is neither compressed nor encrypted. The second signal is an audio signal. The combined signal is recorded on a recording medium, for example a compact disc.
The computer program is:
Alternatively, the computer program is
The second signal may be music. The second signal may possibly include an announcement making clear that a computer program is on the disc and giving instructions on how to access it.
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|Use of metadata to post process speech recognition output
|Mar 13, 2006
|Oct 5, 2006
|Kddi Corporation
|Compressed data scrambled distribution device and playback device thereof
|Mar 31, 2009
|Oct 1, 2009
|Yap, Inc.
|Use of metadata to post process speech recognition output
|Dec 13, 2010
|Apr 7, 2011
|Kddi Corporation
|Compressed data scrambled distribution device and playback device thereof
|U.S. Classification
|704/500, 704/501
|International Classification
|Cooperative Classification
|European Classification
|Nov 14, 2005
Owner name: SONY UNITED KINGDOM LIMITED, ENGLAND
Free format text: ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST;ASSIGNORS:DENSHAM, RODNEY HUGH;KENTISH, WILLIAM EDMUND CRANSTOUN;HAYNES, NICHOLAS JOHN;AND OTHERS;REEL/FRAME:017237/0923
Effective date: 20050203
|Jan 14, 2011
Owner name: SONY EUROPE LIMITED, UNITED KINGDOM
Free format text: CHANGE OF NAME;ASSIGNOR:SONY UNITED KINGDOM LIMITED;REEL/FRAME:025638/0128
Effective date: 20100401
|Oct 17, 2014
|Maintenance fee reminder mailed
|Mar 8, 2015
|Lapse for failure to pay maintenance fees
|Apr 28, 2015
|Expired due to failure to pay maintenance fee
Effective date: 20150308


text: Gratuitous Cuteness: Kitty Escape! By Lee Ann Taylor September 12, 2012 12:01 PM Share on Facebook Share on Twitter Who knew cats could do this. I guess I need a dead bolt now. Category: Animals Share on Facebook Share on Twitter More Leave a comment Send to a friend! Print this page Pin it! Reddit This! Share on Tumblr! Best of 99.1 The Whale New Supreme Court Ruling On How To Bust Drivers For DUIs This Has Been Called "The Most Satisfying Video In The World" [WATCH] Guns N' Roses Kick Off Summer Tour in Detroit: Photos, Set List, Video Led Zeppelin Trial Reactions: Joe Walsh, Robert Plant and More Recommended For You ZergNet Best Of The Web ZergNet

subset: commoncrawl


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Bernie Nolan Diagnosed With Breast Cancer
Irish singer/actress Bernie Nolan has been diagnosed with breast cancer. The 49 year old, most famous for being part of all-sister band The Nolans, was told by doctors last week that she is facing a tough battle with the disease, and will mostly likely have to have a mastectomy and chemotherapy.
But the singer, who has also starred in British soaps "Brookside and the Bill", is adamant she will fully recover for the sake of her daughter. She tells Britain's News of the World, "I'm going to kick this cancer's a**. The best thing about having a child is I have the extra strength because I want to see her grow up and I have to be strong for her."
And Nolan insists she isn't fazed by the prospect of losing her breasts or hair due to the savage cancer treatment. She adds, "I'm fighting this. I'm going to kick its a**. Take one breast, take them both, I don't care. I'm strong and I'm not going to let this defeat me."
"I'm going to lose my hair - they've told me that because of the strength of the chemo they have to give me... but I don't care, I'll wear a wig." Nolan's sisters Linda and Anne, who were her co-singers in the group, have both won battles with breast cancer in the last decade.
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They say you give up a few things, chasing a dream. In those mists that's the literal truth, for every dream of yours that comes true, a piece of yourself, mind, body, or soul, gets taken by the mist. Worst part is, you won't even know what the cost of your dreams are until you go to leave, and by then you might not even have a mind left to change...
A fragment of the mists of creation, drawn to those desperate to make their dreams come true. Suitable for any magical fantasy setting.
In the Temple Square of The City, where the nine Greater Gods have their houses of worship, a sudden flash of light blinds (perhaps permanently) all those who are nearby. When the light has faded, a tiny, naked baby is lying in the doorway of each Temple. The Gods, it seems, have come into the world - but why?


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... Beauty Advice - WIG 101: How to wear your wig properly.(Wigs, Lace Front Wigs, Black Hair Stypes, Black Hair, Human Hair, Synthetic Hair, ... , Half Wigs, Fullcap)Put your hair in a neat wrap, or if long, in a French braid like our
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The Big Mother Mountain Train attraction, realistically considered to be the premier jolly attraction at Disneyland
Board the Big Mother Mountain Train in the suburb of Rainbow Sprinkles Ridge, then hold on to your wallet as you go on the speediest ride in the wilderness! While racing through Big Mother Mountain Train, you'll see dinosaur discoveries, anthropomorphic opossums, and even a goat frowning dynamite!
Ruin everything with Princess Mode
© copyright 2011–2016
A Pants Aflame production


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All but two of West Coast's 2006 premiership side returned to the fold to celebrate the 10th anniversary of the club's third flag, as the ...
The Hawks top the AFL ladder after fending off the Suns.See highlights of the game in a series of Getty Images.
Angry footy fans vented their frustration at the delays in entering Etihad stadium for the early afternoon clash between the two Victorian ...
Essendon cult hero Anthony McDonald-Tipungwuti's success this season has come through hard work and persistence.
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48 of 58 people found the following review helpful
Like running on pillows,
Verified Purchase(What's this?)
This review is from: ASICS Women's Gel-Kayano 19 Running Shoe (Shoes)
Like running on pillows compared to my last shoes, fit really well and have great support for my flat feet and over pronation. Great colour too, the best of the 4 choices!
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they are GREAT for pronators for sure!
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Peter Fonda Net Worth: Peter Fonda is an American actor who has a net worth of $40 million. Peter Fonda earned his net worth through his talents as an actor in films, director/producer, author of an autobiography and as a voice character in a popular video game. Peter Fonda was born February 23, 1940 in New York City. He is the son of Henry Fonda, brother of Jane Fonda, and father of Bridget and Justin Fonda . Fonda is also an icon of the counterculture of the 1960s. He studied acting in Omaha, Nebraska, his father's home town while attending the University of Nebraska at Omaha and joined the Omaha Community Playhouse, where many actors (including his father and Marlon Brando) had begun their careers. In 1968, Fonda produced, co-wrote and starred in "Easy Rider", directed by Dennis Hopper. The film was released in 1969 to international success and Fonda and his co-writers were nominated for the Academy Award for Best Original Screenplay. After "Easy Rider" Fonda directed the 1971 Western, "The Hired Hand" and also played the lead role. In 1974 he appeared in "Dirty Mary, Crazy Larry", a box-office hit that became a cult classic. After decades of films that didn't attract attention, Fonda received critical recognition and universal praise for his performance in 1997's "Ulee's Gold". His performance gained him an Academy Award nomination for Best Actor.
Peter Fonda Net Worth
Peter Fonda
Date of Birth
Feb 23, 1940 (76 years old)
Actor, Writer, Film director, Screenwriter, Film Producer
United States of America
6 ft 2 in (1.89 m)
Peter Henry Fonda
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Louboutin Tells Grads To Break The Rules, Not Shower
The Fashion Institute of Technology treated its outgoing class to a double bill at this year's graduation ceremony: Both Bobbi Brown and Christian Louboutin took the stage to make commencement addresses. Brown, a "bonafide [beauty] tycoon with more than 40 stores and 1,000 counters around the world," Teen Vogue writes, shared some of the wisdom she's gained during her three-decade-long (and counting) career.
Louboutin, who conveyed a smattering of lessons learned, like listen to your "inner timing," and "enjoy the process of every day," riled up the crowd (or this crowd, at least) with his "break the rules" bit. When he started out in Paris, he had to sift through les idées reçu, the preconceived notions, of beginning a business. "One, I remember, was you should never sleep where you work," Louboutin rattled off. "Another was never work with friends — you end up becoming enemies. For eight years, I slept in my design studio! There were no showers, but I felt great. I don't regret that I slept where I was working. And also, I started my company 23 years ago with my two best friends, Henri and Rinaud — 23 years later, we are still the three best friends."
Louboutin added that he currently resides in an apartment that contains a shower. Click through to read the rest of the duo's sage advice, applicable to recent and not-so-recent grads alike. (Teen Vogue)
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Welcome to our site. The South and East Midlands Wing is part of the Central and East Region of the UK Air Training Corps organisation.
The Wing is comprised of 29 ATC squadrons from Derbyshire, Northamptonshire, Leicestershire, Nottinghamshire, South Lincolnshire and Rutland. Find out more here... About the Wing.
Wing staff update this site with news and information about the Wing. We hope that you will find the website interesting and informative.
Recent Updates...
- Final Miles
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- Corby Air Cadets Assist at RAF Wittering's Families' Day
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Season 2, Episode 10 Nobody Lives Forever
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A man is trampled by his own horse, and the detectives suspect that the death was a homicide. Meanwhile, Vega discusses his concerns about the upcoming League of Nations Trial with Sgt. Cross; and Angie has a confrontation with prosecutor Samantha Turner.
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It has never been tougher to make a successful claim for the Disability Support Pension (DSP), new Government figures suggest.
Topics: health, disabilities, welfare, community-and-society, government-and-politics, australia
Politicians vying for re-election will hear directly from unemployed South Australians at a special forum in Adelaide's northern suburbs.
Topics: work, federal-elections, unemployment, poverty, welfare, adelaide-5000, smithfield-5114, sa
Topics: community-and-society, welfare, port-adelaide-5015
Posted| Updated
The proportion of people on a low-income card has skyrocketed by up to 50 per cent in some South Australian electorates, DSS data reveals, as the state braces for more job losses and higher power prices.
Topics: community-and-society, welfare, urban-development-and-planning, port-adelaide-5015, salisbury-5108, whyalla-5600, christies-beach-5165, morphett-vale-5162, elizabeth-5112
Posted| Updated
Indigenous Affairs Minister Nigel Scullion said fines for failing to comply with work for the dole programs were "at worst suspended" — now he's backtracked.
Topics: community-and-society, unemployment, federal-parliament, welfare, australia
Posted| Updated
Former foster children speak out about what they see as a dysfunctional system that does not prepare children for adulthood, and to raise families of their own.
Topics: community-and-society, family-and-children, welfare, nt
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Posted| Updated
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Posted| Updated
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Posted| Updated
Greens senator Peter Whish-Wilson calls for an army sniper to be stationed on a beach in the state's north-west after the death of 14 penguins.
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Posted| Updated
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The Liberal Member for the WA seat of Durack, Melissa Price, says a move by the Greens to make the cashless welfare card a federal election issue would be in vain.
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Topics: welfare, state-parliament, child-abuse, tas
Opposition Leader Bill Shorten tells Channel Nine's Today Show that the Coalition's budget gives tax cuts to millionaires and leaves working mothers worse off.
Posted| Updated
The Labor Opposition has sought to portray the 2016-17 federal budget as inequitable.
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Topics: government-and-politics, welfare
Posted| Updated
The state's 33 Neighbourhood Houses will each receive $15,000 a year for the next two years in this month's budget, a $355,000 drop in annual funding.
Topics: government-and-politics, welfare, tas


text:
I sincerely hope you remain a virgin forever, for the sake of …
- Tags: Adultery, Dating, Marriage, Prostitution, Relationships, Statistics
Comment on Japan "NTR Nation" by Anonymous:
I sincerely hope you remain a virgin forever, for the sake of whoever would get stuck with the abusive fuckface that you are.
Anonymous made other comments on this post:
- Japan "NTR Nation":
To hear your story and that of the women that you have spoken to, I can't even really pass judgement on you at all. It's really damn sad to think about. I wouldn't blame you for not wanting to stop doing what you are doing either. It's something that you obviously get to take advantage of. I really wish you would wear a rubber though, but that is also your own choice! Take care.
- Japan "NTR Nation":
14.8% is actually a pretty low number in my opinion, Even if the figure is actually closer to 20% then thats ONLY 1 in 5 women! Japanese women arn't too shabby when you think about it.
- Japan "NTR Nation":
Since when was 14.8% a huge number? The flip side of that number is that 85.2% of Japanese housewives claim they have never had an affair. Keep in mind when reading the above article that all of the referenced statistics are a subset of the 14.8% of women who admitted to cheating in the survey.
- Japan "NTR Nation":
Finally someone with some sense.
- Japan "NTR Nation":
>2ch is apparently full of experts on the topic as well Nice one, I lol'd hard :D
Recent comments by Anonymous:
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But… why?
- Marie Rose Bikini Cosplay By Lei Sakuragi Certainly Hot:
Well easy for asian cosplayed marie autist rose, the real challenge is Honoka…kyakyakya.
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Worts Jared leto joker version evah lol
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I applaud you for the digging though.
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It all depends on the RNG then.


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Existing Posts
Well it ain't gonna be the bomb. How can one make a great DTS source from the original? It can't happen no matter how much I would love my room to shake when the ocean crashes upon them.
I'm glad to hear that as it wouldn't make much sense to triple dip the Ten Commandments so soon.
Umm, hate to burst your bubble Mark, but that's in reference to the 2006 mini-series version, not the 1956 Chuck Heston classic.
Aren't they coming out with a film spoofing the Ten Commandments? I think last I heard it stars Alba.
Ten Commandments DTS is coming!! This is going to be bad news for those who already bought the recent 50th anniversary or something like that. I was trying to find out which edition to get for my collection - the first SE or the new anniversary edition. Anyway, I found out in www.dvdpacific.com that a DTS Edition is on its way on the 5th September, by Platinum Disc?
See here..
Now I have too many choices!!
See here..
Now I have too many choices!!
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|By Marketwired .
Article Rating:
|November 6, 2012 08:30 AM EST
VANCOUVER, BRITISH COLUMBIA -- (Marketwire) -- 11/06/12 -- Woulfe Mining Corp. ("Woulfe" or the "Company") (TSX VENTURE:WOF)(OTCQX:WFEMF)(FRANKUFRT:OZ4) is pleased to announce that it has awarded a mining development and production contract to Youngin Industries Corporation ("Youngin") for the underground development and extraction of 1.2 million tonnes per annum from the Sangdong mine. The contract encompasses all mine civil works, mine development and production of Tungsten/Molybdenum ores, to be delivered from underground to the primary crusher. The contract pricing will result in the lowering of mine production costs by 49% and will increase the project NPV8 from US$400.3 million to US$535.2 million, taking IRR from 46.0% to 65.6%.
Woulfe awarded the contract to Youngin after extensive negotiations with six Korean mining, civil and tunneling contractors. The contract was awarded based on Youngin's extensive experience and expertise in underground mining and civil construction.
The Youngin mine production plus pastefill costs totals $25.64 per tonne of ore mined compared with $38.30 per tonne mined estimated in the Feasibility Study. This improvement in costs came as a result of replacing projected Canadian mine costs in the Feasibility to firm Korean costs. Other benefits include reduced capital allocation (US$20 million) for the mine fleet and subsequent reduction in pre-production ore mining and mine development costs.
Tetra Tech is working on updating the mineral resources to include the last five months of drilling. With this update an updated addendum of the feasibility will be released that will include the revenue from byproducts and the benefits resulting from the lower mining cost. Reducing the mining cost will have a significant impact on mine cut-off grade which will be expected to increase the resource base.
The CEO Brian Wesson stated, "The lower mining cost results in a NPV in line with the company's expectations and prior valuation. The project is robust and low risk as Korea is an OECD developed country."
Youngin boasts extensive experience in both mining and civil engineering in Korea. Youngin provides a significant level of experience and brings with it an extensive modern mine fleet. Mr Wesson went on to state, "Woulfe is confident in the highly skilled staff at Youngin. Their management have over 20 years of experience in mining and tunneling and this expertise will be a valuable contribution to the mine."
Youngin began the civil construction of the mine portal in October 2012, after which the mine development will proceed. The six metre square cross section development is expected to hit the main ore zone in November 2012 with trial mechanized mining to begin in December 2012.
The scientific and technical information in this release has been reviewed and approved by Jon Gliddon, C.Eng, General Manager UK for Tetra Tech, and overall manager for the Sangdong feasibility study announced on April 23, 2012. Mr. Gliddon is an Independent Qualified Person within the meaning of NI 43-101.
On Behalf of the Board of Directors
Woulfe Mining Corp.
Brian Wesson (FAusIMM), President, CEO and Director
About Woulfe Mining Corp. "Unearthing Global Assets": Woulfe Mining Corp. is focused on 'Unearthing Global Assets' through the recognition and development of undervalued natural resource projects. Woulfe differentiates itself by boasting significant technical expertise in the design, development and operation of mining projects. Our flag ship project is the Sangdong tungsten mine in South Korea, historically the world's largest tungsten mine for over 40 years. Sangdong is expected to return to production by Q4 of 2013. Woulfe has entered into strategic agreements with International Metalworking Companies B.V. ('IMC'), part of the Berkshire Hathaway group of companies. This partnership brings strategic advantage given Woulfe's mining and processing technical abilities and IMC's downstream manufacturing skills, high level of innovation and quality of products sold into the global tungsten market. Woulfe Mining Corp. is a Canadian TSX-V listed company. Further information can be found on Woulfe's website www.woulfemining.com.
Forward-looking statements and forward-looking information by their nature are based on assumptions and involve known and unknown risks, uncertainties and other factors which may cause the actual results, performance or achievements of the Company to be materially different from any future results, performance or achievements expressed or implied by such forward-looking statements or information. We have made certain assumptions about the forward-looking statements and information and even though our management believes that the assumptions made and the expectations represented by such statements or information are reasonable, there can be no assurance that the forward-looking statement or information will prove to be accurate. Furthermore, should one or more of the risks, uncertainties or other factors materialize, or should underlying assumptions prove incorrect, actual results may vary materially from those described in forward-looking statements or information. These risks, uncertainties and other factors include, among others, the following: commodity price volatility; discrepancies between actual and estimated production, mineral reserves and resources and metallurgical recoveries; mining operational and development risk; litigation risks; regulatory restrictions, including environmental regulatory restrictions and liability; failure to complete the strategic arrangement described in this release, including because of the failure to satisfy the conditions to closing of the transaction, risks of sovereign investment; currency fluctuations; speculative nature of mineral exploration; global economic climate; dilution; share price volatility; competition; loss of key employees; additional funding requirements.
There can be no assurance that forward-looking statements or information will prove to be accurate, as actual results and future events could differ materially from those anticipated in such statements. Accordingly, you should not place undue reliance on the forward-looking statements or information contained herein. Except as required by law, we do not expect to update forward-looking statements and information continually as conditions change and you are referred to the full discussion of the Company's business contained in the Company's reports filed with the appropriate regulatory authorities.
Neither TSX Venture Exchange nor its Regulation Services Provider (as that term is defined in the policies of the TSX Venture Exchange) accepts responsibility for the adequacy or accuracy of this release.
Woulfe Mining Corp.
Administration Office
+1 604 684 6264
[email protected]
Nicola Street Capital
Nick Smith
Mobile phone: +1 (415) 595-0865
[email protected]
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This summer, NYMF will be on quest to save Paradise one Scrabble tile at a time. The new musical, The Last Word will be presented at the Duke on 42nd Street, a NEW 42ND STREET project (229 W 42nd St) . The Last Word is written by Brett Sullivan (Billy Elliot Live Film Director) and will be directed by Michael Bello (Doctor Zhivago), choreography by Nick Kenkel (Gotta Dance, Legally Blonde) and Musical Supervisor is Conrad Helfrich (Dirty Dancing). It will begin performances on July 22 and will run through July 29, 2016. Tickets are $27.50 and can be purchased by visiting NYMF.org. (more...)
Paradise has a name! (more...)
La Jolla Playhouse announces the cast and creative team for its world-premiere production of JUNK: The Golden Age of Debt, by Pulitzer Prize winner and Tony Award nominee Ayad Akhtar (Broadway's Disgraced; Playhouse's The Who & The What), directed by Tony Award winner Doug Hughes (Outside Mullingar, Doubt). The recipient of an Edgerton Foundation New American Play Award, JUNK: The Golden Age of Debt runs in the Mandell Weiss Theatre July 26 - August 21. Tickets are available at LaJollaPlayhouse.org or by calling (858) 550-1010. (more...)
Point Park University's Conservatory Theatre Company will present six productions in the 2016-2017 season, ranging from revamped classic works of theatre to popular, contemporary, Tony Award-winning musicals. (more...)
Broadway In Boston announced today that tickets for the Tony, Grammy and Oliver Award-winning hit musical JERSEY BOYS, the story of Frankie Valli and The Four Seasons, will go on sale to the public this Sunday, June 12, 2016. JERSEY BOYS will perform a limited two week engagement at the Boston Opera House October 4-16, 2016 and is part of the 2016/2017 Lexus Broadway In Boston Season. (more...)
STARS IN THE ALLEY, presented by United Airlines, took place just last week in Shubert Alley. Hosted by Tony nominee Sean Hayes and Mo Rocca, Broadway's best once again turned out for the annual performance - including Chilina Kennedy, who performed 'Natural Woman' from BEAUTIFUL. (more...)
The Toronto Alliance for the Performing Arts (TAPA) today announced the date, creative team, host and venue for the 37th Annual Dora Mavor Moore Awards, the awards show and party that celebrates extraordinary Toronto talent in the performing arts. Dora Awards Producer Jacoba Knaapen announced that the much-anticipated event will take place on Monday, June 27 and that it will, for the third time in a row, be held under the stars at Harbourfront Centre. Tickets go on sale May 31. (more...)
A chance meeting at an opening night party changed the career of a young actor. (more...)
Tony and Drama Desk Award winner, Ben Vereen, will bring his critically-acclaimed one-man show, Steppin' Out, to Feinstein's at the Nikko for two performances only - Friday, June 17 (8 p.m.) and Saturday, June 18 (7 p.m.).Highlighting Mr. Vereen's unique blend of artistry, Steppin' Out combines a tribute to Broadway, Frank Sinatra and Sammy Davis, Jr. in an evening of unforgettable song and stories. Featuring songs from his immense repertoire - such as 'Life is Just a Bowl of Cherries' and 'Mr. Bojangles' - Mr. Vereen will also perform other hit songs including 'Defying Gravity,' 'Stand By Me,' and 'My Way.' Tickets range in price from $65 - $85 and are available now by calling 866.663.1063 or visiting www.feinsteinsatthenikko.com. (more...)
The Toronto Alliance for the Performing Arts (TAPA) today announced the date, creative team, host and venue for the 37th Annual Dora Mavor Moore Awards, the awards show and party that celebrates extraordinary Toronto talent in the performing arts. Dora Awards Producer Jacoba Knaapen announced that the much-anticipated event will take place on Monday, June 27 and that it will, for the third time in a row, be held under the stars at Harbourfront Centre. Tickets go on sale May 31. (more...)
Today's big news: The 2016 Drama Desk nominees will be announced this morning, 'SHUFFLE ALONG' opens on Broadway, and Kelli O'Hara and Victoria Clark star in MasterVoices' DIDO AND AENEAS, starting tonight! (more...)
JERSEY BOYS has opened at the Providence Performing Arts Center (PPAC), 220 Weybosset St., Providence. The touring company moves out Sunday May 1, which does not give you a lot of time to pick a date, come up with the scratch and get your butt over there. This play rocks, and this iteration of it rocked PPAC opening night. (more...)
Get ready to disco, Broadway! According to an Equity casting notice, a new musical is in the works based on the life of Donna Summer, who passed away in 2012 after a long battle with cancer. Produced by Tommy Mottola and The Dodgers, THE DONNA SUMMER PROJECT will get a workshop this summer, with Des McAnuff at the helm and Sergio Trujillo as choreographer. (more...)
The Lyric Stage Company of Boston's 2015-16 season closes with an acclaimed new play (partly inspired by the theatricality of Nicholas Nickleby) that uses ingenious stagecraft, the talents of a dozen of our favorite actors, and the limitless possibilities of your imagination to create theatrical magic. (more...)
Just announced, the Tony, Olivier and Grammy Award-winning Best Musical Jersey Boys will welcome Mauricio Perez and Dominic Scaglione Jr., alternating in the role of 'Frankie Valli' at all performances beginning this week. (more...)
TIME Magazine's #1 Show of the Year, MATILDA THE MUSICAL, is coming to Cleveland as part of the KeyBank Broadway Series. (more...)
You only have two chances to see THE WHO'S TOMMY: A ROCK OPERA being performed at The Harrisburg Midtown Arts Center, April 22nd and 23rd. Directed by Sean Deffley, THE WHO'S TOMMY will feature choreography by Rebecca Gentry and music direction by Nicholas Werner. BroadwayWorld has a sneak peek at the cast in rehearsal below! (more...)
This week, we go around our Broadway World to feature stories in Boston, Chicago, Singapore and more. Check out our top 10 stories around our Broadway World below, which include ARCADIA in Boston, Victory Gardens Theater's World Premiere of HILLARY AND CLINTON, and a special feature on LES MIS in Singapore, just to name a few. (more...)
Casting has been announced for the Providence return engagement of the Tony, Grammy, and Olivier Award-winning hit musical JERSEY BOYS, the story of Frankie Valli and The Four Seasons, playing at the Providence Performing Arts Center (PPAC) from April 26 - May 1, 2016. The cast of JERSEY BOYS will be led by Matthew Dailey (Tommy DeVito), Aaron De Jesus (Frankie Valli), Keith Hines (Nick Massi), and Drew Seeley (Bob Gaudio) as The Four Seasons, with Barry Anderson and Thomas Fiscella. (more...)
JERSEY BOYS, the smash hit musical, has extended its booking period at the Piccadilly Theatre until 16 April 2017, with 250,000 tickets released today. (more...)
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"Where Fillmore County News Comes First"
Online Edition
Sunday, June 26th, 2016
Volume ∞ Issue ∞
- 5:54:18, Jun 25th 2016 - Redhorse51 - Yes Ann, we all know that Sharon Roppes was instrumental in the Veteran ... [Read More]
- 10:55:08, Jun 24th 2016 - dianagoguen - Hello, Is there a place to access obituaries from previous years? ... [Read More]
- 3:45:08, Jun 22nd 2016 - SEMN - With all the people that will be flocking to town to have their kids attend sc ... [Read More]
- 3:44:45, Jun 22nd 2016 - Andy O'Connor - Agree to disagree Stan, we'll likely never see eye to eye on this iss ... [Read More]
- 3:23:28, Jun 22nd 2016 - SEMN - #sickofitall...do yourself a favor and get your dictionary out and look up " i ... [Read More]
- 3:15:56, Jun 22nd 2016 - #sickofitall - Palacek easement never was useable. He got to his property, with permi ... [Read More]
- 2:56:30, Jun 22nd 2016 - disgusted - There are a couple of issues here to be addressed The first one is the ... [Read More]
- 2:31:21, Jun 22nd 2016 - #sickofitall - Re: Palacek. He can not develop without a public road. His easement is ... [Read More]
- 1:15:13, Jun 22nd 2016 - Stan Gudmundson - An old building that can be replaced at 50 cents on the dollar? Su ... [Read More]
- 7:28:50, Jun 22nd 2016 - doc - The GOP's war on education is a continuing success. ... [Read More]
A Sign of the Times
Fri, Nov 7th, 2003
Posted in Features
Posted in Features
A piece of local history is on display at the Minnesota History Museum in St. Paul. The historical artifact is a hand-lettered sign advertising a teen dance in the Fountain elementary school gym during the1960's.
The sign is part of the museum�s �Sounds Good To Me� exhibit honoring Minnesota�s musical history. The exhibit features Minnesota artists and music venues. The exhibit includes inter-active displays in which visitors can select jukebox hits in a cafe setting that spans multiple decades or sing along with the 1980 Minnesota-produced hit �Funkytown.� The sign announces the appearance of a rock band called �The Pagans� at the Fountain school gym on November 25. While the sign does not note the year, it most likely was 1963 or 1964. The entry fee was advertised at 75 cents. The sign states that the dance was sponsored by the �Fountain Alco�s.� The sign itself was donated to the museum by ex-Pagan Kip Sullivan of Rochester. The Minnesota History Center likely displayed this sign to depict the proliferation of garage bands during the 1960's as well as the grass roots nature of entertainment during that era in small- town Minnesota. But, if this sign could talk, it would tell a far richer story. The Fountain Alco�s, or all-community volunteers, grew out of the desire of a handful of Fountain teens to bring some entertainment to a town of 300 people that rolled up its streets at the end of the work day. The teen group initially rented the town�s elementary school gym for a dance featuring a portable record player. The group gambled that a 25� entry charge would cover the $5.00 gym rental fee. When that venture proved profitable, the teens began to book local bands such as Lanesboro�s Trashbeaters at somewhat higher stakes. Continued success led to better known acts including regional headliners such as The Pagans and The Mustangs from Rochester. Rita Rustad was the idea person behind the dances. I booked the bands and worried about the organizational details. And, a whole host of our friends contributed to make the events happen. Not the least of these contributors were the sign makers, such as Terrie Rustad, Linda Asleson, and Nancy Stevens. Their signs appeared all over Fillmore County during dance season. The financial success of the dances presented a dilemma of sorts - what to do with the profits? The teen group eventually decided on an all-community solution. For several years, the dance proceeds financed free bus trips to the Minnesota State Fair in St. Paul for all Fountain-area teenagers. About 40 teens would depart from the Fountain post office at 6:00 a.m. and begin the return trip only after the end of the fair�s grandstand act. The day-long marathon at the fair remains a unique memory for many Fountaineers. The dance sign, in short, reflects a period in which small-town kids scrambled to provide their own entertainment. In addition to the dances, these Fountain teens organized co-ed softball games at the Catholic churchyard, flooded the town skating rink, and created a swimming hole by damming a creek in the Big Springs. In an ironic twist, the old Fountain elementary school where the dances took place now houses the Fillmore County History Museum. I wish that all of our old gang of Fountain teens could experience the thrill of stumbling upon this sign as I did. But, not all of them are still with us. In particular, sisters Rita and Terrie Rustad, though opposites in many ways, shared the tragic fate of being cut down in the prime of life by breast cancer. This dance is for you. Steve Befort is a 1966 graduate of Preston-Fountain High School. He now lives in St. Paul and teaches at the University of Minnesota Law School.