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University of Montana News
UM Mansfield Library to Share Resources Statewide
Jun 27, 2016
A new system will allow academic library users statewide to access the holdings of 16 libraries in Montana through a single online search.
SpectrUM, SciNation to Host Science Learning Tent at Arlee Esyapqeyni
Jun 24, 2016
The UM spectrUM Discovery Area and SciNation, its community partner on the Flathead Reservation, will return to the Arlee Celebration with the popular Science Learning Tent on Friday and Saturday, July 1-2.
UM Study: For Nature, Gravel-Bed Rivers Most Important Feature in Mountainous Western North America
Jun 24, 2016
Gravel-bed river floodplains are some of the most ecologically important habitats in North America, according to a new study by scientists from the U.S. and Canada.
UM's Blue Mountain Observatory Invites Public to Free Star-Gazing Events
Jun 24, 2016
Explore planets, nebulae, star clusters and distant galaxies during upcoming free observing nights at UM's Blue Mountain Observatory.
UM Planetarium Announces Special Summer Series for Kids
Jun 23, 2016
The UM Department of Physics and Astronomy invites young stargazers to enjoy its new summer series at the planetarium, which is designed specifically for children ages 5 and older.
'I Love the '90s Tour' to Bring Coolio, Salt N Pepa to UM
Jun 23, 2016
Hip-hop hit-makers from the 1990s, including Salt N Pepa, Kid 'n Play, Coolio, Rob Base and Young MC, will "bust a move" at the UM Adams Center at 7:30 p.m. Thursday, Sept. 15.
We Are Montana in the Classroom to Host Free Community Day at SpectrUM
Jun 22, 2016
UM's We Are Montana in the Classroom initiative will host a free community day at spectrUM Discovery Area on Friday, June 24.
Six UM Students Earn Fulbright Funding to Study Abroad
Jun 22, 2016
The Fulbright U.S. Student Program has offered grants to six UM graduate students to study abroad during the coming year.
In Child Well-Being, Montana's Health Indicators and Overall Ranking Improve, But Poverty Persists
Jun 21, 2016
Montana has seen the biggest improvement in state rankings of child well-being, moving up six positions from 30th to 24th in the U.S., according to the 2016 KIDS COUNT Data Book from the Annie E. Casey Foundation, which focuses on key trends in child well-being in the post-recession years. The data book measures child well-being in four domains: economic well-being, education, health, and family and community.
UM Conference to Explore Death Investigation Topics
Jun 15, 2016
Registration is now open for the 2016 Montana Medicolegal Death Investigation Conference, which will be held Wednesday through Friday, Aug. 10-12, on the third floor of the University Center at UM.
UM Mansfield Library Exhibits 'Fact and Fiction of the Nuclear Age'
Jun 15, 2016
The Federal Civil Defense Administration released public awareness campaigns designed to prevent panic. Such materials, along with lectures featuring Montana connections to war, are on exhibit at the Maureen and Mike Mansfield Library at UM through July. The exhibition and lectures are free and open to the public.
UM Selects Four Finalists for Broadcast Media Center Director
Jun 14, 2016
UM will conduct on-campus interviews this month with four finalists for the director of the Broadcast Media Center, which houses KUFM-TV and KUFM Radio.
Incoming UM Law Student Wins National Phi Kappa Phi Fellowship
Jun 14, 2016
Jennifer Pepprock, a recent University of Montana graduate, recently won a $5,000 Phi Kappa Phi Fellowship to support her UM law school career, which she will begin this fall.
UM Researcher Helps Break Ground on Forecasting Earthquakes
Jun 13, 2016
A UM researcher is part of a team whose research is breaking ground on the complexity of earthquakes and the possibility to forecast them.
Students Earn Scholarships from UM
Jun 10, 2016
Students at UM recently received scholarships for their commitment to academic excellence within their fields of study
Country Singer Dierks Bentley to Perform at UM
Jun 10, 2016
Country music star Dierks Bentley will bring his "Somewhere on a Beach" tour to the UM Adams Center on Saturday, Sept. 24.
Students Make UM Dean's List
Jun 09, 2016
At UM, 2,821 students made the spring semester 2016 Dean's List and 4.0 List.
UM Students Earn Degrees
Jun 09, 2016
UM had 2,459 students who were degree candidates for spring semester 2016. The Montana students listed below are UM degree candidates or have been awarded their degrees for spring semester 2016.
UM Offers Transition Program for Montana High School Students with Disabilities
Jun 07, 2016
Forty Montana high school students with disabilities will have the opportunity to prepare for postsecondary education during Movin' On in Montana, a summer transition program, June 27-30 and July 11-14 at the University of Montana.
MMAC to Showcase Engravings by Remington, Wood Engravers' Network
Jun 06, 2016
The Montana Museum of Art & Culture at UM carved out time this summer and space in its galleries for engravings by Frederic Remington, as well as 51 contemporary artists from around the world.
Book on UM's Montana Osprey Project Wins National Award
Jun 01, 2016
"Call of the Osprey," a book focusing on UM's Montana Osprey Project, recently won the 2016 Award for the Best Science Book for Children K-12 from the National Science Teachers Association and the Children's Book Association.
UM Survey: National Parks, Conservation Receive High Marks in Anniversary Year
Jun 01, 2016
Montana voters are avid users of national parks and support balanced efforts to further protect public lands, which they increasingly view as a valuable economic asset, a new survey finds.
UM Forestry Students Implement Restoration Plans at Bandy Ranch
Jun 01, 2016
UM students helped plan forest restoration treatments now taking place at the Bandy Experimental Ranch in the Blackfoot Valley.
Garden Surrounding UM's Native American Center Certified as Wildlife Habitat
May 31, 2016
The native garden surrounding the Payne Family Native American Center at the University of Montana is now designated Certified Wildlife Habitat by the National Wildlife Federation.
UM Ranks Among 30 Great Small Colleges for INFP Myers-Briggs Personality Types
May 31, 2016
The University of Montana recently ranked 22nd among 30 small colleges for learners with an Introversion, Intuition, Feeling and Perception, or INFP, Myers-Briggs personality type. Degree Match published the ranking on its earlier this year.
New Dean, Familiar Face for UM College of Forestry and Conservation
May 31, 2016
The University of Montana has hired a former College of Forestry and Conservation faculty member to serve as dean. Tom DeLuca, who spent 12 years at UM, will begin his new duties on Jan. 1, 2017.
UM Study: Kodiak Bears Track Salmon Runs in Alaska
May 31, 2016
A UM graduate student's research on Alaskan brown bears and red salmon is the May cover story of the high-profile journal Ecology.


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|So, especially because it's not likely you'll have to use it, have a plan, and a hospital bag, ready!
Others have mentioned it already, but I lend my voice to the chorus: have someone take pictures, even if you think you don't want them now. You can always delete/destroy them later. I regret not having any photos of the birth. I thought it would be my weakest moment but in fact it was my strongest.
Rockin' mama to Allison (9), Asher (5) and Alethea (3), head over heels in love with my sexy husband, Tony.
Megan Davidson, Labor & Postpartum Doula, Breastfeeding Counselor, Anthropologist, Mom to August (9) and Clay (4), Partner to Shawn.
Have an Enema handy (my little piece of heaven and c-section preventer )- my midwife asked her coleague to bring one after I requested one since hers was expired.
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Scorecard: Thurman-Porter gave fans something to be proud of
In a sport plagued by mismatches and pointless tuneups, Keith Thurman and Shawn Porter delivered more than was expected -- on free TV, no less -- in their dramatic welterweight title bout.
In a sport plagued by mismatches and pointless tuneups, Keith Thurman and Shawn Porter delivered more than was expected -- on free TV, no less -- in their dramatic welterweight title bout.
Veteran boxing scribe Jack Obermayer died Friday after a battle with liver cancer. He was 72.
Want to know what fights are on the horizon? Check out the boxing schedule for 2016.
Tyson Fury's promoters say they are "baffled" by claims the world heavyweight champion is embroiled in a doping investigation.
Keith Thurman and Shawn Porter put on a welterweight title fight to remember. Brian Campbell provides five takeaways from the action-packed bout.
Laila Ali paid tribute to her late father, sports icon Muhammad Ali, during the BET Awards on Sunday at the Microsoft Theater in Los Angeles.
In a surefire contender for fight of the year, Keith Thurman and Shawn Porter traded blows for 12 action-packed rounds Saturday, with Thurman narrowly emerging to retain his 147-pound belt.
It's time to believe the hype. Heavyweight titlist Anthony Joshua punished underdog Dominic Breazeale for seven rounds to score another KO victory Saturday night.
A Deontay Wilder-Anthony Joshua unification bout would do big business and command the attention of the entire sport of boxing.
Chris Eubank Jr says "I've got some nice tricks up my sleeve for him" as he targets fight with WBA-IBF world champion Gennady Golovkin at Wembley.
George Groves revived his career with a unanimous points win over Martin Murray in a WBA world super-middleweight title eliminator on Saturday night.
With his showdown with Gennady Golovkin off until 2017, Canelo Alvarez will challenge junior middleweight titleholder Liam Smith on Sept. 17 in the main event on an HBO PPV card.
The world heavyweight title rematch between Tyson Fury and Wladimir Klitschko has been postponed.
Unbeaten Eleider "Storm" Alvarez will squard off against former light heavyweight champion Chad Dawson on July 29 in Quebec City,
Senior writer Dan Rafael answers your questions about the sweet science, including a preview of Saturday's fights and much more.
Mike Alvarado says he is in a better place in life than he has been in years and he is excited to be continuing his boxing comeback.
With his showdown with Gennady Golovkin off until 2017, Canelo Alvarez will challenge junior middleweight titleholder Liam Smith on Sept. 17 in the main event on an HBO PPV card.
A Canelo Alvarez-Gennady Golovkin showdown has been tabled until at least the fall of 2017, a decision agreed to after the sides met Monday.
Richard Schaefer, who left Golden Boy Promotions in 2014, has returned to boxing and has founded Ringstar Sports.
Former middleweight world titleholder Andy Lee hasn't fought since December, but he hopes to return to the ring this fall.
Sugar Ray Leonard and Thomas Hearns recently sat down to discuss the upcoming Keith Thurman-Shawn Porter showdown.
Middleweight up-and-comer Sergiy Derevyanchenko will take on former world titleholder Sam Soliman July 21 in the feature bout of a PBC on ESPN card at Foxwoods.
After another big boxing weekend, Dan Rafael goes division-by-division to update the rankings.
Porter, Thurman looking to lead welterweight division
Keith Thurman: Boxing is trying to come back
A showdown between heavyweight titleholder Deontay Wilder and Anthony Joshua would be huge, but they'll have to win their upcoming fights before even thinking about a unification.
Ratings for Premier Boxing Champions on NBC sink to an all-time low, reports Dan Rafael. Plus, notes from the boxing world.
Andre Ward is scheduled to face Alexander Brand in a light heavyweight fight in August, leading up to Ward's showdown with Sergey Kovalev in November.
Newly-crowned junior lightweight titlist Vasyl Lomachenko will remain at 130 pounds rather than return to the 126-pound division to defend his belt.
Sammy Vasquez and former world titleholder Luis Collazo, who are going in opposite directions in their respective careers, will square off in a crossroads fight on July 16.
Heavyweight Chris Arreola has had two world title shots and went down in flames both times. Will his third chance be any different?
The middleweight bout between prospects Jarrett Hurd and Oscar Molina has now been elevated to co-feature on Saturday's Shawn Porter-Keith Thurman card at the Barclays Center in Brooklyn.
Light heavyweight Joe Smith Jr. recorded the best win of his pro career by stopping Andrzej Fonfara and now his eyes are on getting closer to a title shot in a talent-packed division.
UPS made the biggest financial gift to the Muhammad Ali Center since the iconic fighter passed away in early June making a $500,000 donation to the center in Louisville, KY.
The International Boxing Federation will punish fighters who compete in the Rio de Janeiro Olympics by removing them from the sanctioning body's rankings or vacating their titles.
Light heavyweight contender Joe Smith, a massive underdog, defeated favorite Andrzej Fonfara via first-round TKO in the main event of a Premier Boxing Champions tripleheader Saturday in Chicago.
Bantamweight Rau'shee Warren accomplished a few things Saturday night in Chicago: He avenged his only loss by defeating Juan Carlo Payano by unanimous decision in the rematch and won a bantamweight title in the process.
The rematch between middleweight titleholder Daniel Jacobs and Sergio Mora is being moved from July 30 until August or September.
Featherweight contender Abner Mares was forced to pull out of a title fight versus Jesus Cuellar on June 25 due to a medical issue, which sources say is his inability to pass two eye exams.
Sergey Kovalev and Andre Ward, two of boxing's pound-for-pound elites, will finally square off Nov. 19 at the T-Mobile Arena in Las Vegas, as long as both win their interim bouts this summer.
Senior writer Dan Rafael answers your questions about the sweet science, including a preview of Saturday's fights and much more.
Dominic Breazeale says he's ready to get the win against Anthony Joshua in London next week, reports Dan Rafael.
This is the #ThurmanPorter program. Had already been produced when Cuellar-Mares was canceled. #boxing pic.twitter.com/wFwbsbD5jG
Great video from @Phil_Sports as @danawhite, @ChaelSonnen & more share their favorite @ufc fight espn.go.com/video/clip?id=…
Pint of @MagnersUK with my name on, had to fill it up to calm my nerves.... Come on lads! #holdtrue pic.twitter.com/C1JkEYIKTT
Highlights: @Swift_JHurd lands a vicious uppercut to Oscar Molina in the first round and defeats Molina by TKO. espn.go.com/video/clip?id=…
Miss the #ThurmanPorter classic on Saturday night? Don't miss the encore showing TONIGHT on CBS Sports Network at 10 pm ET / 7 pm PT.
#Boxing writer Jack Obermayer, my pal (& everyone's pal in the biz), died Friday. Here's the obituary I wrote: espn.go.com/boxing/story/_… #RIP
It was a huge #boxing weekend with #ThurmanPorter, #JoshuaBreazeale & more. It's all in the #MondayScorecard: espn.go.com/boxing/story/_…
I did a Facebook video from the arena right after #ThurmanPorter and also took some questions. Check it out: facebook.com/espn.fnf/video… #boxing
Keith Thurman, Shawn Porter gave boxing fans something to be proud of, writes @danrafaelespn: es.pn/28Z0Vu6
If you missed #ThurmanPorter, the entire 2-fight telecast will be replayed TONIGHT on @CBSSportsNet at 10 pm ET. #boxing
My students are now ready to show you what they've got @partypoker #bigbluff youtu.be/XJdjgNbMWAo pic.twitter.com/XZOq1WfPoj
I am humble 2b fighting in #Wales, Dland of DIron-Ages Tribe. I will do my part. Count on it! #RigoJazza #Silures pic.twitter.com/cZI4HX3Dii
It's Fight Week in #DTLA! Receive 20% off tickets to #LAFightClub Use Promo Code: KOMEN20 amp.twimg.com/v/dc0bee02-0e0…
.@BronzeBomber showing off that work today on our Snap. ---> 👻: premierboxing #WilderArreola #PBConFOX pic.twitter.com/vZhXC60JWw
So now the question: Who's next for @keithfthurmanjr? pic.twitter.com/CzJkqixueS
What did we learn from @keithfthurmanjr's win? @BCampbellESPN says... es.pn/28WLTVd
.@anthonyfjoshua got the job done on Saturday. Read: espn.co.uk/boxing/story/_… Watch: espn.go.com/video/clip?id=…


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I have never driven Calgary to Vancouver in one day. What is the amount of time (in hours) that I should budget for this?
I want to know what the actual travel time is, stopping only for gas and "the call of nature". Kind of a bare minumum.
I don't like to speed, it's not worth the extra stress to me.
Thanks so much!
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Calgary to Vancouver - Actual Driving Time
I have never driven Calgary to Vancouver in one day. What is the amount of time (in hours) that I should budget for this?
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It's 600 miles, and I am pretty sure not all of the route is easy. Once long ago, I did drive with my family through southern Alberta and BC, and I'm sure the roads have changed somewhat since. However, then there were many curvy roads where speed could be deadly. Maybe someone has driven it lately.
I think I have heard people refer to it as a 12-hour drive.
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I agree with WillTravel. Most people whom I know quote it as a 12 hour drive. Map Quest says it takes 11 hours 19 minutes, but that doesn't allow for stops.
When my husband does the driving, we do it in 12 hours. But I'm less assertive about overtaking, etc., and when I drive I do it in 13 hours.
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There are a number of possible routings once you reach the western half of the trip. The fastest route is Trans Canada Highway 1 to Kamloops, (about 7-9 hours depending on traffic and almost entirely 2 lanes after Lake Louise), and the Coquihalla from there, (about 3.5 hours entirely freeway with a $10 toll between Merrit & Hope). Any other route would take you a minimum of 12 hours although the scenery on the TC #1 from Kamloops to Hope is much better than on the Coque. By the way - we're talking city limit to city limit. If you arrive in Vancouver during rush hour or when there's a holdup on the freeway you could add a fair amount of time.
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Have done it in 10.5 hours, but that's only twice in many trips. Usually takes us 11 to 11.5 hours - a couple of winter trips have taken 20!!
GaryA has the fastest route - #1 to Kamloops then the Coquihalla to Vancouver. It also depends exactly where you're headed in the city, because traffic varies within the Greater Vancouver area.
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FWIW, don't forget that by traveling east-to-west, you will be gaining an extra half an hour of daylight time in the afternoon between Calgary and Vancouver. You also gain one hour of clock time when you pass from the Mountain Time Zone into the Pacific Time Zone just west of Golden, BC.
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Hi. I have read some replys from other sited and this site that you can drive from Calgary to Vancouve in 7 - 9 hours. That is so untrue! I live in Calgary and I do the drive out to Vancouver often.It is a minimum 9.5 hours to get to Hope, then 1.5 hours to Vancouver. That's 11 hours. Everyone has to stop and put gas in a minimum 2 times, and use the bathroom, no way around it. I also don't believe that somone would drive straight thru without a meal break (at least 1 meal break, a Tim Hortons coffee pick up or break) that's 1hour added to the time with gas breaks and 1 meal break and bathroom stops. 11 hours people anyone that says less is lieing!
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And then if you get stuck on one of the winding, no-pass areas behind and RV or other slower-moving vehicle - or have to slow down for rain, rush hour traffic, etc. - you could easily add another hour or two.
We usually find it's 12-14 hours depending on those factors.
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Must be it took someone 8 years to make this trip.
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Oops! Should have known better from seeing a post by Judy...
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Print ISSN 1751-8709
IET Information Security publishes original research papers in the following areas of information security and cryptography. Submitting authors should specify clearly in their covering statement the area into which their paper falls.
Impact Factor: 0.753
5-year Impact Factor: 0.942
This journal was previously known as IEE Proceedings - Information Security 2005-2006. ISSN 1747-0722. more..
Latest content
Dynamic cube attack on Grain-v1
- Author(s): Majid Rahimi ; Mostafa Barmshory ; Mohammad Hadi Mansouri ; Mohammad Reza Aref
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This study presents a dynamic cube attack on the algorithm Grain-v1 which has resisted all the key-recovery attacks in the single key model. The dynamic cube attack finds the secret key by using distinguishers obtained from structural weaknesses of a cipher. The main idea of the attack lies in simplifying the cipher's output function. After making it simpler, the attack is able to exploit a distinguishing attack to recover the secret key. In this study, the authors first find the appropriate simplifications for Grain-v1. Then, they apply their attack to the algorithm by using a new framework and a new smart choice technique for the classification of initial value bits. Finally, the authors simulate the attack to find the suitable attack parameters having 73% success rate. Their attack runs in a practical time and recovers all the key bits when the number of initialisation rounds in Grain-v1 is reduced to 100 of 160. The attack is faster than exhaustive search by a factor of 238.
Leakage-resilient message authentication code scheme based on hidden identity weak hash proof system
- Author(s): Bin Wang
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Hazay et al. initiated the formal study of leakage-resilient message authentication code (MAC) and presented a MAC scheme that is both leakage resilient and unforgeable against chosen message and no verification query attack (uf-cm-nvq). As the communication overhead of their construction is linear with the parameters that control the leakage bound, their scheme sacrifices efficiency in exchange for leakage resilience. In this study, the authors study the problem of designing leakage-resilient MACs in the public-key setting with acceptable communication efficiency. In particular, a notion called 'hidden identity weak hash proof system'(HID-wHPS) is introduced. Then a generic MAC construction is presented under the abstraction framework of HID-wHPS. Security properties guaranteed by HID-wHPS enable us to prove the author's construction to be both leakage resilient and uf-cm-nvq in a modular way. Finally, performance analysis shows that their MAC construction yields improved tagging-key size, tag size as well as computation overhead under the given leakage bound.
Effective certificate revocation scheme based on weighted voting game approach
- Author(s): Sungwook Kim
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Mobile ad hoc networks (MANETs) are wireless networks that have a wide range of applications because of their dynamic topologies and ease of deployment. Owing to the independent and dynamic nature of mobile nodes, the topology of a MANET often changes and is prone to various attacks. Therefore, substantial research in the area of security is required. Certificate revocation is an effective mechanism for providing network security services. However, the existing schemes are not well suited to MANETs because of their considerable overhead or low accuracy with respect to certificate revocation. In this study, the authors investigate a distributed certificate revocation protocol. On the basis of the game-theoretic model, they design a new voting-based security scheme. Their game-based security paradigm can provide the ability to practically respond to the current system conditions and is suitable for real MANET operations. Simulation results demonstrate the effectiveness and the efficiency of their scheme with respect to certificate revocation. Finally, they discuss the results of an evaluation provide an outlook on the future work in this field.
Privacy failure in the public-key distance-bounding protocols
- Author(s): Serge Vaudenay
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Public-key distance bounding protocols are well suited to defeat relay attacks in proximity access control systems when the author assume no prior shared key. At AsiaCCS 2014, Gambs, Onete, and Robert designed such a protocol with privacy protection for the prover. That is, the protocol hides the identity of the prover to active adversaries and the prover remains anonymous. In this study the author contradicts the result on this protocol by proving that an active adversary can easily identify one prover out of two possible ones. At WISEC 2013, Hermans, Peeters, and Onete proposed another protocol which is proven to protect the privacy of the prover. In this study the author complete their results and show that the protocol does not protect it in a strong sense. That is, if the adversary can corrupt the provers, then privacy is not guaranteed any more.
Cryptanalysis of McEliece cryptosystem variants based on quasi-cyclic low-density parity check codes
- Author(s): Masoumeh Koochak Shooshtari ; Mahmoud Ahmadian-Attari ; Thomas Johansson ; Mohammad Reza Aref
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One of the approaches to modify the McEliece cryptosystem to overcome its large key size is replacing binary Goppa codes with a new structured code. However, this modification makes such cryptosystems encounter some new attacks. There are a few modified McEliece cryptosystem variants which are known to be secure. One of them is the cryptosystem introduced by Baldi et al. which uses quasi-cyclic low-density parity check (QC-LDPC) codes. This cryptosystem is still unbroken as no efficient attack has been reported against it since 2008. In this study, an attack has been applied to this cryptosystem which is feasible when the code length is a multiple of a power of 2. Also an important weakness of this kind of cryptosystem has been pointed out, namely utilising a too low-weight intentional error vector. The authors have established a new security level for this cryptosystem which is applicable to other McEliece-like cryptosystems using QC-LDPC codes. This security level for instance is 29.18 times lower than previous ones in the case of n = 4 × 4096 when only one ciphertext is available. The gain of the attack in this study can be increased if more than one ciphertext is available.
Most downloaded
Most cited
Analysis and improvement on an efficient biometric-based remote user authentication scheme using smart cards
- Author(s): A.K. Das
Trust-based on-demand multipath routing in mobile ad hoc networks
- Author(s): X. Li ; Z. Jia ; P. Zhang ; R. Zhang ; H. Wang
EPR quantum key distribution protocols with potential 100% qubit efficiency
- Author(s): T. Hwang and K.-C. Lee
A new password authentication and user anonymity scheme based on elliptic curve cryptography and smart card
- Author(s): Chun-Ta Li
One for all – all for one: unifying standard differential power analysis attacks
- Author(s): S. Mangard ; E. Oswald ; F.-X. Standaert


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Restrictions: Interview Required,Maximum # Vehicles,No Smoking,No Truck/RV,Tenant Approval,Up to 2 Pets
Elementary School: J. C. Mitchell Elementary School
Remarks: NEWLY RENOVATED UNIT WITH VAULTED CEILINGS-INCREDIBLE LAKE VIEWS FROM THE LIVING ROOM AND MASTER BEDROOM. RENOVATED KITCHEN , ALL NEW TILE FLOORS THROUGHOUT THE UNIT. SECOND FLOOR WITH LOTS OF SUNLIGHT. 24 HOUR SECURITY PATROL WITH 24 HR MANNED GATE.WINDWOOD IS A PRIVATE, SELF CONTAINED COMMUNITY IN THE HEART OF EAST BOCA RATON. ALL AGES WELCOME. THE COMMUNITY SURROUNDS A BEAUTIFUL 20 ACRE LAKE! WINDWOOD IS JUST MINUTES FROM THE BEACH. EAST OF I-95. EASY TO RENT OUT, CLOSE TO FLORIDA ATLANTIC UNIVERSITY. . AMENITIES INCLUDE 2 CLUBHOUSES, 2 SWIMMING POOLS, 3 TENNIS COURTS OUTDOOR RACQUETBALL COURTS AND PICNIC AREAS, FISHING, BIKE PATHS AND JOGGING PATHS AROUND THE 20 ACRE LAKE ALL IN THE HEART OF EAST BOCA RATON.
Listing is courtesy of: Signature International RE,LLC
2850 Palmwood Terrace Unit 2270, Boca Raton, FL 33431
$1,6507 Days on yellowkey MLS ID: RX-10245060
Bed: 2 Bath: 2.0 Gar: 0.00 Liv Area Sq Ft: 935Community: WindwoodPool: NoCondo, Furnished
Restrictions: 21 lb to 30 lb Pet,Interview Required,Maximum # Vehicles,No Smoking,Restrictions,Tenant Approval,Up to 2 Pets
Remarks: Beautifully furnished Lake condo has fabulous views of lake and sunset. This totally remodelled and freshly painted 2/2 on the second floor`s view is sought after the gated community of Windwood. 1 mile from the beaches, minutes from I-95, Glades, FAU, best rated bublic schools..Tennis courts, basketball, 2 heated pools, clubhouse, racketball , walking path , in the center of East Boca, a hidden secret..Immedate availability , furnished only , pets with restrictions , no smokers .
3050 Norwood Place Unit N212, Boca Raton, FL 33431
$1,5957 Days on yellowkey MLS ID: RX-10245024
Bed: 2 Bath: 2.0 Gar: 0.00 Liv Area Sq Ft: 935Community: WindwoodPool: NoCondo, Pets Allowed, Unfurnished
Restrictions: Interview Required,Tenant Approval
Remarks: SECOND FLOOR CORNER UNIT, SOARING VAULTED CEILINGS WITH SCREENED BALCONY AND VIEW OF LAKE WINDWOOD. ALL NEUTRAL DECOR INCLUDES TILE FLOORS IN KITCHEN AND MAIN LIVING ROOM, MARBLE FLOORS IN BATHROOMS WITH NEWER VANITIES. NEWER STAINLESS STEEL APPLIANCES. LOTS OF KITCHEN CABINETS AND PANTRY SPACE. IN UNIT WASHER/DRYER AND BRAND NEW ENERGY EFFICIENT A/C FOR LOW ELECTRIC BILLS.PET OK ON CASE BY CASE BASIS.
Listing is courtesy of: Boca Luxury Realty LLC
3100 Millwood Terrace Unit M201, Boca Raton, FL 33431
$1,5507 Days on yellowkey MLS ID: RX-10244998
Bed: 2 Bath: 2.0 Gar: 0.00 Liv Area Sq Ft: 930Community: WindwoodPool: NoCondo, Unfurnished
Restrictions: Commercial Vehicles Prohibited,Interview Required,No Pets,Tenant Approval
Market Analysis:
For Sale, For RentSoldRented
Nearby Properties:
For Sale, For RentSoldRented
Listing is courtesy of: Luxury Listings Realty LLC
2900 Olivewood Terrace Unit 1060, Boca Raton, FL 33431
$1,70021 Days on yellowkey MLS ID: RX-10241369
0 Days Off yellowkey (back on 6/14/2016)
REDUCED by $50 (2.9%) on 06/19/2016
Bed: 2 Bath: 2.0 Gar: 0.00 Liv Area Sq Ft: 935Community: Lake Windwood CondoPool: NoCondo, Unfurnished
Remarks: Freshly painted ready to move in 2 bedroom 2 bath condo in one of the most desirable community at windwood . Great east Boca location that is Just minutes to the beach, Mizner park ,Delray and FAU.This unit has one of the best water view in the community.You can sit out at your screened in patio and enjoy the best waterview.It has tile floors in living room and kitchen , woodflorings in bedrooms.Call now.
Listing is courtesy of: Universal Realty Associates
3180 Leewood Terrace Unit L107, Boca Raton, FL 33431
$1,95014 Days on yellowkey MLS ID: RX-10243191
Bed: 3 Bath: 2.0 Gar: 0.00 Liv Area Sq Ft: 1170Community: WindwoodPool: NoCondo, Unfurnished
Restrictions: Commercial Vehicles Prohibited,Interview Required,No Pets,No Smoking,No Truck/RV,Tenant Approval
Remarks: GREAT 3 BEDROOM RENTAL IN WINDWOOD! THIS FIRST FLOOR UNIT HAS A LAKE VIEW, ALL TILE FLOORS, NEWER MASTER BATH, STAINLESS APPLIANCES, WASHER/DRYER, LARGE LIVING AREA, SCREENED PATIO LOOKING TO GARDEN AND LAKE!
Listing is courtesy of: The Keyes Company
3325 Jaywood Terrace Unit 1070, Boca Raton, FL 33431
$1,85050 Days on yellowkey MLS ID: RX-10233094
REDUCED by $150 (7.5%) on 05/18/2016
Bed: 3 Bath: 2.0 Gar: 0.00 Liv Area Sq Ft: 1170Community: Park At Windwood CondoPool: NoCondo, Furnished
Restrictions: Interview Required,No Pets,No Smoking,Tenant Approval
Remarks: Immaculate, Spacious and Bright corner first floor unit. Open kitchen, fully upgraded, garden view from your private screened patio. Must see!
Listing is courtesy of: Boca Raton R.E. Services Corp.
© 2012 yellowkeyrealty.com, Inc. -
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Best airfares from Venice to RomeJetradar compares airfares from Venice to Rome with hundreds of airlines (including Lufthansa, British Airways, Turkish Airlines) and dozens of online travel agencies in one single place. We provide you with all the options to find the cheapest flights to Rome, you choose where to book. Also there you can find airlines special offers from Venice to Rome. The cheapest round-trip price found within the last week was ₹5,714. The cheapest oneway price found within the last week was ₹2,559.
Cheapest Flights from Venice to Rome
Airline One Way One Way / Round-Trip Round-Trip Lufthansa ₹16,149 ₹21,168 British Airways ₹8,432 ₹20,775 Turkish Airlines Find Find Air France ₹6,691 ₹15,990 KLM ₹15,630 ₹26,038
Airline One Way One Way / Round-Trip Round-Trip Swiss International Air Lines ₹7,908 ₹14,862 Alitalia ₹2,848 ₹7,332 Austrian Airlines ₹10,535 ₹23,272 Air China ₹108,048 ₹124,616 Air Berlin ₹8,220 ₹23,572
Airline One Way One Way / Round-Trip Round-Trip Finnair ₹23,055 ₹265,257 Scandinavian Airlines ₹15,033 ₹62,571 Brussels Airlines ₹4,737 ₹10,476 TAP Portugal ₹12,444 ₹27,022 Aer Lingus ₹15,796 ₹35,023
Airline One Way One Way / Round-Trip Round-Trip LOT Polish Airlines ₹24,077 Find Lufthansa CityLine ₹117,223 Find Aegean Airlines ₹11,224 ₹14,746 Royal Air Maroc ₹15,066 Find Vietnam Airlines ₹116,877 ₹121,796
Flights from Venice to Rome
Travelling from Venice to Rome advices and facts
- The distance between Venice and Rome is 244 miles (or 393 kilometers).
- The shortest flight time is 49m
- There is no time difference between Venice and Rome. Check this again shortly before your flight.


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Today I teach you how to make a elsa winter and elsa frozen fever bracelet. Level:EASYlinks:subscribe: ... missing part of video: ... Rapunzel loom band b
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HTDA album details and video
Pretty boring song
Disappointed that most of "An Omen" EP is on there. I loved it, but I was expecting all new material for this. Nonetheless, I am still excited. New song is good, and the video is cool.
I'm excited. Was expecting songs from "an Omen" to be on the album since I'm pretty sure he said it would be that way back when "an Omen" came out, though 4 out of 6 is kind of a lot. Really liked both EP's though. Liking the new song. So yeah, looking forward to this!
Very excited for this
The band mentioned An Omen as part of the new album. This should be really interesting, at least until Reznor decides to release something new with Nine Inch Nails.
Digging: Radiohead - A Moon Shaped Pool
• Michael Gira Accused of Rape• R.I.P. Lemmy• R.I.P. David Bowie• Scott Weiland dead at 48 • The Story So Far's vocalist dropk..• Rush drummer retires• Killswitch Engage debut new single• Brand new Brand New Single• Deftones stream new single• Riverside guitarist dies
• Gemini Syndrome new album • RIP Bernie Worrell• New Periphery Song• Yellowcard call it quits• New Forevermore Song/Video• Soilwork stream new track• Tyondai Braxton Charity EP• Chevelle stream Young Wicked• Evergrey reveal album details• Another blink-182 single• New Fall Out Boy Song• Bring Me the Horizon share new vi..• New Eritherium track• New Motionless In White Song• Teenage Fanclub Are 'Here'» see all news
Bands: A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U V W X Y Z


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Definition of selector
- the person who selects the records / tracks for a DJ to play.
Citation from "Rolex Sweep" by Skepta blacked out to resolve Google's penalty against this site.
- See more words with the same meaning: music (related to).
Last edited on Dec 06 2012. Submitted by Walter Rader (Editor) from Sacramento, CA, USA on Dec 06 2012.
|Add a definition for this slang term
More info:
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Related words
Slang terms with the same meaning
Other terms relating to 'music (related to)':
|Definitions include: to sing well.
|Definitions include: "gangster rap".
|Definitions include: a rave attendee who wears "candy".
|Definitions include: to get along well in a relationship.
|Definitions include: acronym for "no big deal".
|Definitions include: a disrespectful, rude, or otherwise unpleasant person.
|Definitions include: the event in which a DJ is playing records ("spinning") and doesn't properly match beat tempos while transitioning ("crossfading") from one track to another.
|Definitions include: to perform music enthusiastically.
|Definitions include: an area at concerts in which people "mosh."
|Definitions include: acronym for "new guitar day".
|Definitions include: to say.
|Definitions include: vagina.
|Definitions include: acronym for "new amplifier day".
|Definitions include: a song.
|Definitions include: song.
Slang terms with the same root words
None. How about some random words?
|Definitions include: overly dramatic.
|Definitions include: "Rock and Roll."
|Definitions include: form of address for a young person.
|Definitions include: a defeat.
|Definitions include: acronym for "What are you doing?"
|Definitions include: (n) From a kid's point of view, a vacation where you do things that your parents think are educational and fun, but you think is really torture.
|Definitions include: acronym for "in my, not so humble opinion".
|Definitions include: Origin speculation: stems from net it out, or bottom line, refers to someone who doesn't understand what's happening.
|Definitions include: someone who is new to a particular group, activity, game, field of study, etc.
|Definitions include: "problem".
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5 Tips To Help You Bounce Back From A Funky Mood In No Time
Managing your thoughts and making the conscious choice to think differently can be quite challenging. If you're in a funky mood, maybe because you've woken up on the wrong side of the bed in the morning, or whatever the reason is, let's face it – we all have moments when we're just off our game.
The reality is, life is going to have its ups and downs. Stuff comes up, situations happen beyond our control, plans get derailed, and that's just the way life is.
It takes discipline and time to master your mind, and happiness can be fleeting until new thought patterns emerge.
And so I say for the sake of practicality, why not shoot for experiencing more joy in your life by relishing in the practices that feed your soul?
Here are 5 tips you can use to bounce back from a funky mood in no time:
1) Relish in the simple things.
I'm a lover of simplicity, and always have been.
What are some of the simple things that bring you joy?
Is it taking a walk in nature? Writing, painting, or enjoying a nice dinner with the ones you love? Maybe it's taking a luxurious candle-lit bath, with lavender and epsom salts (one of my personal faves!) Whatever it may be, find absolute pleasure in the things that bring you joy, and make time for them everyday. This can create a sustainable state of being, the simpler the better.
2) Judge others less
This is a tough one, but if you can make a commitment to reduce judgement, gossip, and finger-pointing, it can open you up to feeling a lot lighter and brighter.
When you judge other people, you separate yourself from them, and that is unfair because chances are the things you're judging them for are the things you need to be looking at within yourself.
Speaking negatively about others depletes your energy, and only serves to bring more negativity into your life. You'll find that the more you praise others, instead of judging them, you'll not only feel better about yourself but you'll draw more positivity into your life as well.
3) Maintain a daily spiritual practice.
Let me premise this by saying that a spiritual practice does not have to be religious in nature.
A daily spiritual practice involves any activity that brings you into a calm, meditative state. This can happen by simply walking in nature while taking long, deep breaths, listening to your favourite music, or lighting a candle to bring you into a zen space.
It is any activity that keeps you united to the core of your being while helping you feel connected with all things. I've found, through my own personal experience, that having a daily spiritual practice has helped me to check in with my internal guidance, while keeping me rooted, and maybe most importantly, it makes me feel supported.
4) Make 'thank you' your daily mantra.
A thankful heart will always position itself to receive more.
Gratitude is one of the fastest ways to shift your state from lacking to abundant. A daily gratitude log is a great tool to remind yourself to appreciate what you have, and spins your focus in a positive way. This can help ease the weight of your fears and anxieties.
Gratitude gives a nod to the Universe that says, "hey, I'm actually okay, thank you."
5) Service heals – Give.
Give without any expectation in return.
When you give generously, with pure intention, you're sending that message out into the Universe. This doesn't have to be monetary in nature either, it can simply be your time with another person. Focus on giving to someone else so that you can take your mind off of yourself and your problems. Make someone in need your priority and watch how fast your mood changes. Things aren't really that bad after all.
Final thought:
Living in a 'I'll be happy when…' mentality can leave you feeling frustrated because you're living for some indeterminate time in the future.
Live fully in the present, and work with what you've got right in front of you, right now.
Now over to you: What brings you joy in your life and how are you prepared to increase your joy?
Or, need advice?
Please feel free to share your heartfelt thoughts and comments with the community on the blog and I'll be sure to reply.
With love,
Abby xo


text:
Catholic Church Waging War on Women and Gays
There are 219900 comments on the Fables of the reconstruction story from Oct 30, 2007, titled Catholic Church Waging War on Women and Gays. In it, Fables of the reconstruction reports that:
"Pharmacists must seek to raise people's awareness so that all human beings are protected from conception to natural death, and so that medicines truly play a therapeutic role"
Pope Benedict XVI said Monday that pharmacists have a right to use conscientious objection to avoid dispensing emergency contraception or euthanasia drugs - and told them they should also inform patients of the ... via Fables of the reconstruction
Join the discussion below, or Read more at Fables of the reconstruction.
Since: Sep 09
Prince George, Canada
#245142 Dec 25, 2012
PLANET EARTH the Final Chapter Hal Lindsey
The word rapture comes from the Latin word rapios which means, literally, to be caught up or snatched away. The word was generally used to describe a pickpocket.
Since: Sep 09
Prince George, Canada
#245143 Dec 25, 2012
It seems that the ignorant pope (as usual) is behind the time!
>>>>>>> >>>>>>> >>>>>>> >>>>>>> >>>>>>> >>>>>>> >>>>>>
National Catholic Reporter
Experts reject homosexuality as risk factor
(Neither homosexual nor heterosexual orientation is a risk factor, they said,but rather, disordered or confused sexual orientation is a risk factor.)
http://ncronline.org/blogs/ncr-today/vatican -...
Since: Sep 09
Prince George, Canada
#245144 Dec 25, 2012
If you pay heed to the words of John Deifenbaker, lawyer and one-time Prime Minister of Canada, you will learn to not EVER trust those in religion to teach truth.
The following laws were put into "practise" by Christians.
>>>>>>> >>>>>>> >>>>>>> >>>>>>> >>>>>>> >>>>>>
The death penalty was then imposed for some fifty or sixty offences. The law was less harsh than it had been: no longer were prisoners drawn and quartered.
Since: Sep 09
Prince George, Canada
#245145 Dec 25, 2012
I thank those such as Christopher Hitchens and Ayaan Hirsi Ali, for (in spite of their lives being treatened on more than one occasion by religious zealots)... risking their own lives to try to free people from religion.
Having been under the spell of cults, and having studies cults for many years ... I have joined the ones who claim ... "Religion is NOT good!"
#245146 Dec 25, 2012
If you really didn't believe in God, you wouldn't try so hard to convince other's to join you. You would just let it go and and it wouldn't matter what other's believe. There is still time to come out of the dark and into the light. It's a happier and more peacsful place.
Since: Sep 09
Prince George, Canada
#245147 Dec 25, 2012
The preachers in the Rosicrucian order that willingly took my fathers money and promised my father "knowledge" in return, never came through WITH any knowledge, as it is plain they were preaching nonsense in the guise of knowledge.
The Christian preachers that willingly took my mother's money, promised her salvation in the future, as they also preached that "psychics" claiming to see the future were "evil."
Con artists in the guise of gods!!!
Wrexham, UK
#245148 Dec 25, 2012
You blind fool, heterosexuality is pure, and the sexually of the straight is like fresh air, you poor poor man, you cannot force what gives freedom, rebellious little turd.
Wrexham, UK
#245149 Dec 25, 2012
You foolish little child. Homosexuality is different from humanity, not different individually you fool!
Wrexham, UK
#245150 Dec 25, 2012
The poor young boy will be sitting and desolving in a firy hot bath of sulpher and liquid fire all cooking up sizzling in the pan, dying and being destroyed forever, never ending. He will look at the stars, the beauty of them, the soothing colours of the bright carming stars like the taste of sweet coconut milk. He will star at them, begging beauty, begging existence, his own existence begging to be let out, but will come and know he will burn for ever, his eyes will be full of tears, full of water, the pain will increase his misery and the hot firy liquid will wallow in his own misery, trying, starring out into the sky, the poor boy, innocent will be burning for ever, for his crimes. AMEN! GOD BLESS! God spread his blessings with the fires of hell!
#245151 Dec 25, 2012
Good point.
Wrexham, UK
#245152 Dec 25, 2012
A butch eh?
Wrexham, UK
#245153 Dec 25, 2012
No its not. It is natural do have a good self esteem, but a poor self esteem is what people work on from narcissism fool, so no child, it is not commom sense.
Since: Sep 09
Prince George, Canada
#245154 Dec 25, 2012
Yu haven't learned a thing from what I've posted from history. NOTHING!
All that is your focus is your own salvation!
You FOOL!
Wrexham, UK
#245155 Dec 25, 2012
And now you are claiming you hate Gods holiness. God is said to be an eternal fire hell. To believers Gods fire is heaven, but to you Gods fire is hell. He will burn you, disolve you inside him, and his hot liquid and fire will gobble you all up.
#245156 Dec 25, 2012
Good point
Since: Sep 09
Prince George, Canada
#245157 Dec 25, 2012
What you refer to as "good" esteem, I refer to as blatant religious cult indoctrination.
You perceive you are special to a god, and others are evil.
That is the nature of your Christian cult ... that is responsible for centuries of abuse as millions of people were tortured and murdered by orders of crazed theologians.
Wrexham, UK
#245158 Dec 25, 2012
Your Posts little the thread with foul and uncoth behavior.
Wrexham, UK
#245159 Dec 25, 2012
*litter, not little
#245160 Dec 25, 2012
Isn't it strange that people (June) can believe in atheist and hate it when someone else believe otherwise? Why is it okay for them and not others to have their beliefs.
Since: Sep 09
Prince George, Canada
#245161 Dec 25, 2012
And here is the JW, that would willingly allow children to die for lack of life-sustaining blood!
But aren't you HOLY though ... in your own eyes???
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Mentally Disordered Offender (MDO) Independent Evaluator, Board of Parole Hearings
DSH is accepting applications for the Board of Parole Hearlngs (BPH) MDO Evaluator Independent Panel from May 20, 2016 to August 31, 2016. A preliminary list of qualified psychologists and psychiatrists will be forwarded to BPH on July 1, 2016 and an updated list by August 31, 2016. If you are interested, please complete the application below and email signed copy to firstname.lastname@example.com.
You may also mail your application to:
Department of State Hospitals
Forensic Services Division
Attn: MDO Applications
1600 9th Street, Room 410
Sacramento, CA 95814
Program Guidelines
Contact: Melinda DiCiro, Psy.D, firstname.lastname@example.com
License-Eligible Clinician, San Diego Youth Services
Provide direct services such as: outreach and education to community gatekeepers, teachers, health care providers and families. Conduct in-depth assessment for potential mental health and/or substance abuse issues, domestic/community violence, physical/sexual/emotional abuse, and physical health needs. Provide individual/group/family therapy; co-occurring disorders treatment; crisis intervention, service/discharge planning; and case-management services. Facilitate family psycho educational groups. Consult and care coordination with integrated primary care, mental health and substance abuse treatment. Provide services in-home, at satellite offices, in shelter environments and in the community as needed. Position requires travel to North and East County and be willing to be available for on-call rotation. Work with community and collaborative partners to determine the needs of families and provide culturally competent services and referrals.
Send resume to SDYS, please include CC in the subject or attention line.
E-mail to email@example.com
More Information
Director, Custody Health and Custody Behavioral Health Services, Santa Clara Valley Health and Hospital System
The Director is responsible for the strategic and operational leadership of the County's Custody Health and Custody Behavioral Health Services Department, including the Main Jail, Elmwood and Juvenile Hall locations; to plan, direct, coordinate, and evaluate through administrative and professional staff many comprehensive programs for the diagnosis, treatment and prevention of medical conditions, mental illness, and substance use disorders among inmates.
Questions regarding this Executive Recruitment may be directed to Patricia Carrillo, Executive Services at (408) 299-5897.
More Information
Mental Health Supervisor, Marin County
Reporting to the Program Manager for Case Management, the Supportive Treatment After Release (STAR) Unit Supervisor will oversee the day-to-day operations of the STAR Full Service Partnership Program. The STAR Program serves clients with severe and persistent mental illnesses that have been convicted of or pled guilty to crimes that are attributable to their mental health symptoms and related behaviors. The STAR Program serves up to 65 mentally ill consumers with a community-based interdisciplinary team made up of mental health professionals, probation officers, medical staff, family partners, peer providers and mental health liaison officers from local law enforcement agencies. This position will interface with the courts, probation, PES, law enforcement and other community-based agencies.
Filing Deadline: Open & Continuous. Apply online at: www.marincounty.org/Jobs or contact Marin County HR Dept, Rm 415, 3501 Civic Center Dr., San Rafael, CA 94903 or call (415) 473-6104. EEO/TTY
Psychiatrists, Santa Clara County
Santa Clara Valley Health and Hospital System, a public healthcare system in the heart of Silicon Valley, owned by the County of Santa Clara, is expanding services and has immediate openings for board eligible or certified attending psychiatrists in a variety of clinical settings, including emergency psychiatric services, inpatient psychiatric service, outpatient mental health clinics, and custody health programs.
More Information
- Ongoing recruitment -
Mental Health Clinicians, MHM Services
MHM Services is proud to announce a new partnership with the California Department of State Hospitals. As we work together to provide exceptional mental health care to patients who truly need it, we are also growing a staff of exceptional mental health providers and care givers.
> Licensed Clinical Social Worker, Central Coast
> Psychologist, Central Coast
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text:
|Publication number
|Publication type
|Application number
|PCT number
|Publication date
|Sep 20, 2011
|Filing date
|Sep 6, 2007
|Priority date
|Oct 13, 2006
|Fee status
|Also published as
|Publication number
|Roland Finkler
|Original Assignee
|Siemens Aktiengesellshaft
|Export Citation
|BiBTeX, EndNote, RefMan
|Patent Citations (20), Non-Patent Citations (1), Referenced by (1), Classifications (10), Legal Events (4)
|External Links: USPTO, USPTO Assignment, Espacenet
This application is the US National Stage of International Application No. PCT/EP2007/059319 filed Sep. 6, 2007 and claims the benefit thereof. The International Application claims the benefit of German Patent Application No. 10 2006 048 628.5 DE filed Oct. 13, 2006, both of the applications are incorporated by reference herein in their entirety.
The invention relates to a measuring element with at least one track, with the track featuring a material measure. The invention further relates to an appropriate measurement method.
Sensors are used for determining a position, especially an absolute position, e.g. a machine axis or the like, for example in a machine tool, production machine and/or a robot. In such cases commercially available sensors for detection of the location, i.e. the position, feature a measuring element which can be present as a linear element or as a rotational element, with the measuring element having one or more tracks with a respective material measure in the form of increments, which are scanned by sensors for determining the position.
European patent application 0 116 636 discloses sensor, in which an absolute position is determined using a so-called PRBS track, featuring increments in the form of "zeros" and "ones". An additional fine resolution of the absolute position is undertaken using a detection of the position of the transitions between the increments. In this case the disadvantage arises of on the one hand additional sensor systems being needed for detecting the transitions and on the other hand of eight or more sensors usually being needed for determining the position.
European patent application 0 503 716 discloses a sensor for determining an absolute position, with an absolute track and an incremental track being combined as a material measure to form a single composite track, with the absolute track being design such that its individual increments are distributed pseudo-randomly In this case the disadvantage is that eight or more sensors are usually needed to be able to determine the position.
A length measurement system is known from EP 0 530 176 A1, in which an incremental track and an absolute track are used as a material measure for determining a position, with the absolute track being used for the rough detection of the position and the additional evaluation of the incremental track finally delivering a more precise position value.
The basic principle of a sin/cos sensor is known from German application 27 29 697.
Known from German patent applications 10 2004 004 099 and 10 2004 004 100 are position sensors for detecting the position of a rotation body and corresponding measurement methods. Known from DE 10 2004 062 278 is a measuring element with a track, with the track having a material measure which is sampled by at least two sensors for determining a position, with the material measure being embodied such that the sensors output as their respective output signal a modulated sine-wave track signal for determining the position.
A rotary sensor for a combination drive is known from the German publication "Drehsensor für einen Kombinationsantrieb (Rotary sensor for a combination drive", www.ip.com, IPCOM000028605D, Christoph Nolting, Hans-Georg Köpken, Günter Schwesig, Rainer Siess.
An absolute value encoder is known from DE 41 23 722 which comprises a code plate with a single-track absolute value pattern, a first incremental pattern with a first period and a second incremental pattern with a second period, with the smallest read unit of the single track absolute value pattern corresponding to the first period and the second period by a factor which is an integer power of two, is smaller than the first period. A detector section is movable relative to the code plate and contains a device for detecting the absolute value pattern in order to create an absolute value sample signal. With a device for detecting the first incremental pattern a first incremental pattern signal is created and with a device for detecting the second incremental pattern a second incremental signal is created. A shorter incremental sample signal in the cycle is generated by interpolation from the first incremental sample signal and this is synchronized with the second incremental sample signal. The absolute value sample signal, the second incremental sample signal and the synchronized first incremental sample signal represent the relative position relationship between the code plate and the detector section.
Furthermore a position-encoded sensor is known from 89/11080, in which for creation of a position-encoded signal at any time, two tracks are sampled by means of two sensors, which each create a sine-wave signal pair or a similar periodic signal with a phase position defined at any time, the period length of which behaves as m/(m−1), so that a sought relative distance is produced from a difference between the two phase positions.
Finally reference is also made to the prior art in the German publication entitled "Verfahren und Vorrichtung für Positionsmessung mit mehr als zwei Sensoren (Method and facility for position measurement with more than two sensors)", www.ip.com, IPCOM000035541D, Roland Finkler, Hans-Georg Köpken, to which particular reference will be made later in this application.
One object of the present invention lies in specifying a simple measuring element and a simple measurement method for determining a position, especially an absolute position.
The object is achieved by a measuring element as claimed in the claims. To this end, in a measuring element with a track comprising a material measure and a number sensors scanning the track of at least two scanning heads comprising the sensors movable relative to the track are provided, with the track comprising at least one first and one second partial track with respectively one first and one second grating period and, for each grating period occurring, one of the scanning heads featuring a sensor arrangement matched to this measurement period.
The object is also achieved by a measurement method as claimed in the claims. To this end there is provision for one or more decision signals which are formed from the signals of the individual sensors, to be evaluated in relation to the fulfillment of predetermined or predeterminable criteria. The ability of specific criteria to be fulfilled depends in this case on an appropriate relationship between grating period and sensor arrangement. As soon as it is detected which of the criteria are fulfilled, the position of a machine axis for example can be determined with reference to the sensor signals.
The measuring element and the measurement method have the advantage that they allow the determination of the absolute position within one complete revolution or the complete range of travel of a linear axis with basically with only one individual track operating as a material measure.
The dependent claims are directed to preferred embodiments of the present invention. References used in dependent claims which refer back to claims indicate the further development of the subject matter of the independent claim by the features of the respective dependent claim; they are not to be understood as dispensing with the objective of an autonomous protection of the subject matter for the feature combinations of the referenced dependent claims. Furthermore in respect of an interpretation of the claims for a more detailed specification of a feature in a subordinate claim, it is to be assumed that this type of restriction is not present in the preceding claims in each case.
Comparatively simple mathematical relationships for determination of the absolute position are produced when the measuring element has partial tracks which are dimensioned in accordance with precisely two different grating periods and six scanning heads, of which three are matched in their sensor arrangement to the first of these grating periods and three others are matched in their sensor arrangement to the second of these grating periods.
The solvability of an equation system underlying a determination of the absolute position is favorably influenced if the sequence of the partial tracks and the arrangement of the scanning heads relative to each other and in relation to the sequence of the partial tracks is chosen so that for each of the grating periods a partial track with this grating period is detected by at least one scanning head which corresponds in its sensor arrangement to this grating period.
If two respective scanning heads of a different sensor arrangement are spatially combined, the above-mentioned arrangement can be achieved comparatively simply.
Optionally at least four sensors are assigned to each scanning head to obtain a sufficiently specific equation system for determination of the absolute position of each scanning head.
If, as well as the track, a further track is provided which is embodied as an absolute track, a precise position is also able to be determined within a smaller area, for example within one or more increments of the absolute track. Overall this allows an absolute position to be determined, in that in a first step with the aid of the absolute track a rough position and in a second step with the additional aid of the other track a more precise position is determined. In this case the invention has the advantage that the position within such an area can be determined with a greater accuracy than is possible with only one single incremental track with only one grating period. Compared to the use of two or more such incremental tracks, such as described in DE 41 23 722 A1 for example, the invention has the advantage that only one additional track is needed in addition to the absolute track.
Sensors which feature the measuring element are used in the technical field of machine tools, production machines, robots and the like. The obvious advantage here is the option of a compact design, which comes with the need to only have one track.
Advantageous embodiments of the measurement method are likewise produced for advantageous embodiments of the measuring element and vice versa.
Exemplary embodiments of the invention are explained below in greater detail with reference to the drawings. Objects or elements which correspond are provided with the same reference symbols in all figures.
The exemplary embodiment or each exemplary embodiment is not to be understood as restricting the invention. Instead numerous changes and modification are possible within the framework of the present disclosure, especially such variants, elements and combinations, which for example can be derived by the person skilled in the art, by a combination or modification of individual features or elements or method steps described in the specific descriptive part as well as in the claims and/or the drawings in respect of the achievement of the object and lead through combinable features to new subject matter or to new method steps or sequences of method steps. In particular the exemplary embodiments are not to be understood as being restricted to the case of rotational movements, since the inventive approaches described here and below are also able to be easily transferred to the case of linear movements.
The figures show
Measuring elements with for example two incremental tracks are generally known. Likewise known are the mathematical basics which allow, based on sensors detecting one of the tracks in each case and sensor signals related thereto, for determining a position, for circular, concentric tracks an angle of rotation φ to be detected, as a relative position relationship between the tracks and sensor/sensors. With two incremental tracks with m or n grating periods for example each incremental track is assigned a scanning head with two sensors in each case. With a similar form of rotational movement of a disk comprising such tracks, each sensor delivers a sine-wave signal, with the two signals of a scanning head in each case being phase-offset by 90°. Depending on the angle of rotation φ to be detected, this produces the following sensor signals
x m(φ)=A m·sin(mφ+γ m), (10a)
y m(φ)=A m·cos(mφ+γ m), (10b)
x n(φ)=A n·sin(mφ+γ n), (10c)
x n(φ)=A n·cos(mφ+γ n), (10d)
with γm and γn being constants which depend on the position of the sensors. In accordance with the sin/cos sensor principle (cf. e.g. DE 27 29 697) mφ can now be determined from (10a, 10b) and nφ determined from (10c, 10d) and this can be done as follows:
In this case "a tan 2(b, a)" and "arg(a+jb)" with real a and b the argument of the complex number a+jb and km, kn stand for initially not yet known integers between 0 and m−1 or n−1, i.e.
kmε{0,1 . . . m−1}, (30a)
knε{0,1 . . . n−1}. (30b)
After a division of (20a) by m and (20b) by n, the following is produced
Given the prerequisite that m and n are indivisible, i.e. that the smallest common multiple of m and n is equal to the product of m and n, i.e.
kgV(m,n)=m·n, (50)
the equation system (40a, 40b) given the ancillary condition (30a, 30b) has precisely one solution. in this case the angle of rotation φ can thus be uniquely determined from the sensor signal xm, ym, xn, yn.
One method for determining the angle of rotation φ is for example as follows:
By equating the two right-hand sides of the equations (40a) and (40b), multiplication by "m n/2π" and transposition the following equation is obtained
k m n−k n m=[nγ m −mγ n +m·a tan 2{y n ,x n)−n·a tan 2{y m ,x m}]/2π. (52)
The right-hand side of the equation (52) is produced by the measured sensor signal xm, ym, xn, yn, and the known variables m, n, γm, γn. Because of the equality of the left-hand side theoretically an integer is produced here. In practice, as a result of measuring inaccuracies, only an approximate integer will result. Thus the value produced for the right-hand side will be rounded up to the next value. For the equation thus produced the integer solutions km, kn are to be determined using the ancillary condition (30a), (30b). Use in (40a) or (40b) produces the solution for the angle of rotation φ sought. In practice use in (40a) for m>n and use in (40b) for m<n usually produces the more accurate value for the angle of rotation φ sought.
An alternate method for determining φ emerges from WO89/11080. This document describes a method for determining φ from mφ and nφ for the case |m−n|=1, with mφ and nφ being determined in accordance with the sin/cos sensor principle in accordance with equations (20a, b). In a suggested generalization of this method |m−n| φ can be accordingly determined from mφ and nφ also for |m−n|≠1. By iteration of the corresponding generalized method φ can finally be determined for |m−n|≠1.
In the example shown in
The sequence of the partial tracks 14, 16 and the arrangement of the scanning heads 18, 19, 20, 22, 23, 24 in relation to each other and with regard to the sequence of the partial tracks 14, 16 are selected so that always at least one of the scanning heads 18, 19, 20, 22, 23, 24 detects precisely one partial track 14, 16, which in its grating period corresponds to the sensor arrangement of the respective scanning head 18, 19, 20, 22, 23, 24.
For the case in which the numerical value of m is greater than the numerical value of n, the result here for the arrangement of sensors W, X, Y, Z, is that these are more densely arranged in the first, second and third scanning head 18, 19, 20 matched to the first partial track 14 than in the or in each fourth, fifth and sixth scanning head 22, 23, 24 matched to the second partial track 16. A scanning head 18, 19, 20, 22, 23, 24 is "matched to a partial track" 14, 16 if the angle between two consecutive sensors W, X, Y, Z of the scanning head 18, 19, 20, 22, 23, 24 corresponds to a half increment 14 a, 16 a and thereby a quarter grating period of the relevant partial track 14, 16. In the embodiment shown in
The sensors W, X, Y, Z assigned to the respective scanning heads 18, 19, 20, 22, 23, 24 are identified by indexes to reference them uniquely. These relate to the sensor arrangement of the respective scanning head 18, 19, 20, 22, 23, 24 and to scanning heads 18, 19, 20, 22, 23, 24 of the same sensor arrangement, namely first and fourth scanning head 18, 22 to the first, second and fifth scanning head 19, 23 to the second and third and sixth scanning head 20, 24 to the third, i.e.:
Sensor signals w, x, y, z delivered by the sensors W, X, Y, Z are identified by lower case letters in compliance with the referencing of sensors W, X, Y, Z as follows:
If the sensor arrangement of one of the scanning heads 18, 19, 20, 22, 23, 24, which delivers with its sensors W, X, Y, Z the signals Wk,q(φ), xk,q(φ), yk,q(φ), zk,q(φ) (kε{1, 2, 3}; qε{m, n}), is located completely over a partial track 14, 16, the sensor signals w, x, y, z for a grating period of the respective partial track 14, 16 of 2π/q result in:
w k,q(φ)=−A k,q·sin(qφ+γ k,q), (60a)
x k,q(φ)=A k,q·cos(qφ+γ k,q), (60b)
y k,q(φ)=A k,q·sin(qφ+γ k,q), (60c)
z k,q(φ)=−A k,q·cos(qφ+γ k,q). (60d)
Whether the respective scanning head 18, 19, 20, 22, 23, 24 is in this case completely over a partial track 14, 16 corresponding to its sensor arrangement, can be seen from the decision signals SA;k,q, SB;k,q formed from the above sensor signals w, x, y, z. In such cases these are formed for each scanning head 18, 19, 20, 22, 23, 24 as follows:
S A;k,q =w k,q(φ)+y k,q(φ)
S B;k,q =w k,q(φ)+z k,q(φ).
In this case the decision signals SA;k,q and SB;k,q
If the first and the second decision signal SA;k,q, SB;k,q simultaneously (within certain predetermined or predeterminable tolerances) satisfy a predetermined or predeterminable criterion, e.g. such that first and second discriminating signal SA;k,q, SB;k,q disappear or remain proportionately at least below a predetermined or predeterminable threshold value, a position is detected in relation to the respective scanning head 18, 19, 20, 22, 23, 24 in which the latter is completely over a partial track 14, 16, which in its grating period corresponds to the sensor arrangement of the respective scanning head 18, 19, 20, 22, 23, 24. The scanning head 18, 19, 20, 22, 23, 24 is thus located precisely over a "suitable" partial track 14, 16.
With a suitable sequence of partial tracks 14, 16 and suitable arrangement of the scanning heads 18, 19, 20, 22, 23, 24 in relation to each other and with regard to the sequence of the partial tracks 14, 16 it is now the case that one of the scanning heads 18, 19, 20 which deliver the sensor signal
Methods already basically known in the prior art for track signal correction are also able to be used in principle within the context of the inventive approach. However in such cases the following must be considered: Depending on the k m or k n for which the condition (70a, 70b) is fulfilled, different sensor signals w, x, y, z will be evaluated for position determination. In such cases there are ranges of the angle of rotation φ for which for the evaluation of the equations (40a) and (40b) respectively, both sets of sensor signals w, x, y, z can be used. Ranges for which only the one or the other set can be used, are always separated with a suitable arrangement by areas in which both sets are able to be used. On this basis known correction methods can be employed which require that for the correction of the sensor signals w, x, y, z at a specific point in time or at a specific position, these have already been determined in a directly preceding time segment or a directly preceding position, especially a directly preceding angular range.
In the exemplary embodiment described above a configuration is selected for which each scanning head 18, 19, 20, 22, 23, 24 with its sensor arrangement always only "fits" the partial tracks 14, 16 at precisely one grating period. However facilities can also be presented in which one scanning head "fits" two or more different grating periods. This is the case with two different grating periods 2π/m and 2π/n for example if there are non-negative whole numbers pm, pn, for which
(p m+Ľ)2π/m=(p n+Ľ)2π/n
applies. This is the case for example for m=9, n=5 with pm=2 and pn=1. If
δ=(p m+Ľ)2π/m=(p n+Ľ)2π/n
is selected under these circumstances as an intermediate angle of two consecutive sensors within a scanning head 18, 19, 20, 22, 23, 24, then such a scanning head for partial tracks "fits" both the grating period 2π/m and also the grating period 2π/n. Provided exclusively these two grating periods occur and exclusively scanning heads 18, 19, 20, 22, 23, 24 with the said intermediate angle 6 between two consecutive sensors W, X, Y, Z, the formation of the above-mentioned decision signals is thus superfluous, so that only two sensors are needed per scanning head 18, 19, 20, 22, 23, 24. However it should also be considered that it can then no longer be deduced from the sensor signals which grating period the partial track currently located below the scanning head 18, 19, 20, 22, 23, 24 has.
It is also possible, instead of scanning heads 18, 19, 20, 22, 23, 24 of the type previously described which correspond to the basic principle of the sin/cos sensor, to use other types of scanning heads, as are described in the German publication "Verfahren und Vorrichtung zur Positionsmessung mit mehr als zwei Sensoren (Method and facility for position measurement with more than two sensors)", www.ip.com, IPCOM000035541D, Roland Finkler, Hans-Georg Köpken. Scanning heads of this type are also able to be embodied so that on the one hand they are appropriate for two or more different grating periods of partial tracks and on the other hand decision signals can be formed from the sensor signals which allow a decision value as to whether the respective scanning head is completely above a partial track, and if it is, which grating period this partial track has.
A disk 30 is shown in
The first track 12 in accordance with
With the further track functioning as an absolute track 32, as is described for example in EP 0 530 176 A1, basically it is possible to determine a position within one rotation, with the accuracy however only corresponding to the said common basic length of the grating elements, i.e. about ⅙ rotation in the example shown in
In order to obtain a sufficient resolution or accuracy for a combination of one absolute track, i.e. the further track 32 for example and only one incremental track, i.e. first track 12, in the prior art the grating period of the incremental track must be sufficiently small. On the other hand this grating period must be at least as large as the position interval able to be determined with reference to the absolute track, or better even larger, e.g. twice as large. The size of this position interval is limited downwards for technical reasons, for example because of tolerances in the placing of the sensors provided for the scanning of the absolute track. For this reason the prior art uses known measuring elements, which for position determination are based on the evaluation of at least one absolute track, frequently two incremental tracks, as is described in DE 41 23 722 A1. As a result of the increased space requirement of a disk with three tracks, namely the absolute track and two incremental tracks, such a solution is less than optimum.
The embodiment described above and presented in
Thus the invention can be briefly presented as follows: A measuring element 10 with a circular or linear track 12 comprising a material measure and a number of sensors provided for scanning the track 12 is specified, in which at least two scanning heads 18, 19, 20; 22, 23, 24 comprising the sensors are provided for scanning the track 12. In the measuring element 10 the track 12 comprises at least one first and one second partial track 14, 16 with a first and a second grating period respectively. For each grating period occurring one of the scanning heads 18, 19, 20; 22, 23, 24 then has a sensor arrangement matched to this grating period.
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|Citing Patent
|Filing date
|Publication date
|Mar 14, 2013
|Sep 18, 2014
|The Raymond Corporation
|Home position indicator, encoder position measurement system including a home position indicator, and a method of detecting a home position
|U.S. Classification
|International Classification
|Cooperative Classification
|European Classification
|Apr 9, 2009
Owner name: SIEMENS AKTIENGESELLSCHAFT,GERMANY
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Effective date: 20081208
Owner name: SIEMENS AKTIENGESELLSCHAFT, GERMANY
Free format text: ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST;ASSIGNOR:FINKLER, ROLAND;REEL/FRAME:022544/0326
Effective date: 20081208
|May 1, 2015
|Maintenance fee reminder mailed
|Sep 20, 2015
|Lapse for failure to pay maintenance fees
|Nov 10, 2015
|Expired due to failure to pay maintenance fee
Effective date: 20150920


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