text:
|Publication number
|Publication type
|Application number
|Publication date
|Mar 2, 1993
|Filing date
|Nov 25, 1991
|Priority date
|Nov 25, 1991
|Fee status
|Publication number
|Melvin Rossnick
|Original Assignee
|Lepel Corporation
|Export Citation
|BiBTeX, EndNote, RefMan
|Patent Citations (4), Referenced by (38), Classifications (12), Legal Events (6)
|External Links: USPTO, USPTO Assignment, Espacenet
The present invention relates to power supplies for generating a high-frequency, high-power output to a load with the flexibility to match a wide range of load impedances. The present invention is particularly useful in connection with, but by no means limited to, induction heating applications. Although the invention is not limited to induction heating, for ease of understanding the invention it will be described in that context.
As those skilled in the art will understand, induction heating is the heating of a nominally electrically conducting material by eddy currents induced by a time-varying magnetic field generated by an induction coil. The principle of induction heating is similar to that of a transformer. The induction coil can be considered the primary winding of a transformer, with the workpiece to be heated as a single-turn secondary. When an alternating current flows in the induction coil, secondary currents will be induced in the workpiece. These induced currents are called eddy currents, and the power dissipated by the eddy currents as they flow in the workpiece heats the workpiece.
Induction heating is widely employed in industry for a variety of industrial processes. While carbon steel is the most common material heated, induction heating is also used with many other conducting materials such as stainless steel, aluminum, brass, copper, nickel, and titanium products. Induction heating is widely employed in the melting, holding and superheating of ferrous and nonferrous metals in coreless and channel furnaces; in the forging, forming, and rolling of slabs, billets and bars; in heat treatment, such as hardening, annealing, and tempering applications; surface conditioning, such as curing of coatings, sintering, and semiconductor processing; and metal joining, such as welding, brazing, and soldering.
Induction heating offers several advantages over conventional (i.e., fossil fuel) heating processes. Heating is induced directly into the material. It is therefore an extremely rapid method of heating. It is not limited by the relatively slow rate of heat diffusion in conventional processes using surface-contact or radiant heating methods. Because of skin effect, the heating is localized and the heated area is easily controlled by the shape and size of the induction coil. Induction heating is easily controllable, resulting in uniform high quality of the product. Induction heating lends itself to automation, in-line processing, and automatic-process cycle control. Startup time is short, and standby losses are low or nonexistent. Working conditions are better because of the absence of noise, fumes, and radiated heat.
For efficient heating, the frequency of the alternating current in the induction coil, and thus the frequency of the magnetic field, must be high enough so that the depth of current penetration is less than one-third the diameter or cross-section of the material being heated. When the workpieces are small, it is necessary to use higher frequencies to efficiently heat the workpiece. Likewise, higher frequencies must be used when it is necessary to concentrate the heat near the surface, as in surface hardening operations. Solid-state power supplies are most often used to generate the high frequency power needed to excite the induction coil.
Various forms of solid-state power supplies exist for supplying power to induction coils for induction heating. One example is a self-excited class C oscillator using a single bipolar transistor, which generates power outputs of approximately 100 W into the megahertz frequency range. However, even small induction heating devices require power levels of 200 W to 1000 W of output.
U.S. Pat. No. 4,001,725, by the same inventor as the present invention, discloses a solid-state self-excited oscillator employing several series-connected bipolar transistors to provide a high power output. The circuit disclosed in U.S. Pat. No. 4,001,725 works well at power levels up to about 1 kW. However, the low rated collector-to-emitter voltages of available bipolar transistors limits power output at the 100 kHz - 200 kHz frequency range. In addition, applying series-connected bipolar transistors can introduce unequal collector-to-emitter RF voltage and power dissipation among the transistors. A transistor breakdown could cause failures of the remaining transistors by excessive voltage. Also, secondary breakdown in bipolar transistors may be difficult to control in circuits where there are wide variations in operating conditions, as is the case with induction heating. Moreover, power losses within the bipolar transistors are high when switching high currents at high frequency (100 kHz - 200 kHz).
It is therefore an object of the present invention to provide a practical, solid-state power supply capable of supplying a high frequency, high power output to a load with flexibility to match a wide range of load impedances, which is readily expandable in power output, and which does not exhibit the drawbacks of prior power supplies.
The present invention is a self-excited solid-state oscillator for supplying a high-power RF inductive load. A typical load is an induction coil. The oscillator comprises at least one MOSFET transistor connected in a self-excited oscillator configuration, an output tuned circuit comprising an inductive load and a tank circuit connected to the load, the tank circuit having a resonant frequency determined at least in part by the inductance of the load coil, an RF feedback transformer coupling the tank circuit to the gate of the MOSFET for providing a switching signal to the MOSFET for causing the MOSFET to alternate between the on state and the off state at a frequency equal to the resonant frequency of the tank circuit, and bias circuit means for superimposing a bias voltage on the switching signal.
The present invention offers a number of advantages over other oscillators. (1) Since the invention employs a MOSFET instead of bipolar transistors, there are no secondary breakdown effects. (2) The positive temperature characteristics of the MOSFET permits multiple MOSFETs to be paralleled to increase power output capability. Current distribution among parallel MOSFETs tends to equalize as a result of the positive temperature characteristic. External forced-sharing networks are therefore not required. (3) The circuit is self-synchronizing. The MOSFET is switched using a feedback signal from the load, without the use of phase-locked loop circuits, rather than forced switching. This self-synchronization feature provides instant and automatic tracking with changes in the load. (4) Switching by the MOSFETs is done at near zero drain-to-source voltage, minimizing switching losses so that snubber circuits are not required, because of the 180 degree phase relation between gate and source and drain and source. (5) Stable high-frequency oscillation is attained by superimposing a positive forward bias voltage on the feedback signal to the gate of the MOSFET. This forward bias raises the MOSFET transconductance to start and maintain oscillation. (6) Output power to the load can be easily controlled. For example, output power can be changed by changing the dc supply voltage to the MOSFET drain-source circuit by well-known ac phase control circuits or by full-wave rectification of the ac line voltage followed by regulation using PWM or series pass techniques. Output power may also be controlled by pulse-width modulation of the gate-to-source voltage, creating essentially a burst oscillating circuit.
These and other advantages of the present invention will become clearer from the following description of the invention.
For the purpose of illustrating the invention, there is shown in the drawings a form which is presently preferred; it being understood, however, that this invention is not limited to the precise arrangements and instrumentalities shown.
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a self-excited oscillator according to the present invention.
FIG. 1B illustrates an alternate output coupling circuit for the oscillator of FIG. 1A.
FIGS. 2A-2C illustrate waveforms of selected signals within the self-excited oscillator of FIG. 1A.
Referring now to the drawings, wherein like numerals indicate like elements, there is shown in FIG. 1 a self-excited oscillator 10 according to the present invention. Oscillator 10 is powered by a dc supply voltage applied to positive and negative input terminals 12 and 14, respectively. The dc supply voltage may be derived from any dc source. A line filter capacitor 16 and an RF choke 18 form a low-pass filter which isolates the dc source from the high frequency switching signals generated by the oscillator. Capacitor 16 and choke 18 attenuate RF energy that might be fed back to the dc source.
Oscillator 10 includes a dc bias network which provides a dc bias to MOSFET switch 20. The dc bias network comprises resistors 22 and 24, capacitor 26, Zener diode 28 and resistor 30. The dc bias is applied to the gate terminal G of MOSFET switch 20 through the secondary winding 32 of a feedback transformer whose primary winding 46 is connected to the induction coil 34, as will be described more fully below, which comprises part of the oscillator load. A diode clamp network 36 is connected from the gate G of MOSFET 20 to the negative dc input terminal 14. Diode clamp 36 limits positive-going gate drive voltages to within prescribed limits, charges capacitor 26 during the positive portions of the gate drive voltage so that the polarity of the voltage across capacitor 26 will assist in turning off MOSFET 20, and prevents excessive losses on the gate-source circuit of MOSFET 20. Capacitor 26 also blocks the dc bias voltage from being grounded. Its reactance is preferably very low and permits passage of the feedback signal (described below) to gate G of MOSFET 20. Resistor 30 maintains a resistance path between gate G and source S of MOSFET switch 20, and together with capacitor 26 establishes a negative bias to assist in turning off MOSFET switch 20. The dc bias voltage and the superimposed feedback signal, when applied to the gate G affect the drain current conduction period or conduction angle. By choosing a narrow conduction angle, higher efficiency is obtained.
Resistor 22 limits the charging current from the bias circuit to the gate capacitance of MOSFET 20. Limiting the charging current controls the transconductance of MOSFET 20. The switching capability of MOSFET 20 and the oscillator loading characteristics are therefore controlled by the gate charging current by controlling the value of resistor 22.
The drain D and source S terminals of MOSFET 20 are connected from the positive dc input terminal 12 to the negative dc input terminal 14. As will be understood by those skilled in the art, MOSFET 20 provides high-frequency switching to convert the dc input to high-frequency ac to induction coil 34.
It will be observed that, by using a MOSFET as the switching element, oscillator output power can be easily increased simply by connecting more than one MOSFET in series (for higher voltage) or in parallel (for higher current). It will also be observed that no special networks are required to assure equal current sharing in the MOSFETs when connected in parallel, as would be required in designs using bipolar transistors, for example, since the MOSFETs automatically share current equally when connected in parallel.
Induction coil 34 is part of a tuned circuit which forms the load for oscillator 10. The tuned circuit comprises energy storage capacitors 38 and 40, a multitapped tank inductor 42 and induction coil 34. Capacitors 38 and 40 store high-frequency energy with low inherent power loss. Capacitor 40 also functions as a dc block to prevent dc power from coupling from positive dc input terminal 12 to induction coil 34. The ratio of the capacitance of capacitor 40 to the capacitance of capacitor 38 provides an RF voltage multiplication to increase the effective voltage generated across the tank inductance. Additionally, capacitors 38 and 40 match the impedance of MOSFET 20 to the tank circuit. Tank inductor 42 is a multitapped coil which provides a wide range of matching to various induction coils 34. Inductor 42 may be connected directly to the induction coil 34, or may be indirectly connected to an induction coil 44 (illustrated as a single coil turn) through a matching transformer 46, as shown in FIG. 1B. The latter connection is advantageous when it is desired to drive a low impedance coil from oscillator 10. Inductor 42 is shown with a dotted ground connection at one end. This is an optional connection and changes inductor 42 to an autotransformer to increase the matching range for low-inductance induction coils.
Tank capacitors 38 and 40 perform three basic functions. In parallel with inductor 42, they establish the output frequency of the oscillator 10 and the "Q" of the oscillator necessary for energy transfer into the load. The impedance of MOSFET 20 is matched by connecting drain D to source S across the series capacitor 40. The ratio of the capacitors provides an increase of the load coil voltage. The "boost" across the load coil increases the coil amperes and facilitates energy transfer into loosely coupled loads. Since the power to the load is proportional to the square of the product of load coil turns and coil amperes, the loading of the oscillator and power to the load are increased.
Feedback for the self-excited oscillator 10 is derived from the primary winding 46. Primary 46 is driven by the oscillatory voltage developed across tank capacitor 40. A blocking capacitor 48 is provided as a dc block to prevent dc from coupling to primary 46. The capacitance of capacitor 48 is chosen to present a very low impedance at the oscillation frequency. Primary 46 and secondary 32 together comprise a feedback transformer which steps down the oscillatory voltage across capacitor 40 in the tank circuit and couples it to the gate G of MOSFET 20. In order to step down the voltage, primary 46 has a higher number of turns than secondary 32. Secondary 32 provides the proper magnitude and phase of the gate drive voltage to cause MOSFET 20 to operate as an oscillator.
As an alternative, the primary of the feedback transformer may be connected across the drain D and source S terminals of MOSFET switch 20, as shown in phantom in FIG. 1 and designated as 46'. In this alternative arrangement, blocking capacitor 48 is not required and may be omitted. Otherwise, operation of the circuit is the same in this alternative embodiment as in the embodiment just described.
When dc power is applied to oscillator 10, the oscillator reaches steady-state oscillation in less than one microsecond. When dc power is applied, the gate-to-source capacitance of MOSFET 20 is charged by the dc forward bias supplied by the dc bias network composed of resistors 22 and 24, capacitor 26 and Zener diode 28. Capacitors 38 and 40 become charged and then discharge energy to the series-connected tank inductor 42 and induction coil 34. This is the beginning of the oscillations in the tank circuit consisting of capacitors 38 and 40 and inductors 42 and 34. In the meantime, the transconductance (or gain) of MOSFET 20 has increased due to the dc bias applied to the gate G of MOSFET 20. The oscillation voltage now being generated in the tank circuit is applied across primary 46 of the feedback transformer from capacitor 40. Capacitor 48, as already described, acts as a dc block but allows the high-frequency oscillations from the tank circuit to appear across primary 46.
The feedback transformer composed of primary 46 and secondary 32 steps down the high-frequency voltage across capacitor 40 by reason of its turns ratio. Secondary 32 supplies the stepped-down high-frequency voltage to the gate G of MOSFET 20 at the proper magnitude and phase. The proper phase is such that the applied gate-to-source voltage is 180 degrees out of phase with the drain-to-source voltage. The gate driving frequency is always in synchronism with the frequency of the resonant tuned circuit. The gate-to-source voltage applied to MOSFET 20 is actually the high-frequency feedback signal superimposed on the dc bias voltage. Diode 36, when forward biased, limits the gate voltage to prevent damage to MOSFET 20. In addition, when the voltage polarity on gate G is positive, diode 36 conducts, charging capacitor 26 negative from ground. This negative voltage applied to gate G assists in turning MOSFET 20 off and restricts the angle of the current flow to less than 180 degrees of the oscillation cycle when MOSFET 20 conducts.
MOSFET 20 is preferably, although not necessarily, a multiple chip assembly and has a high current capacity and high frequency capability. In operation, MOSFET 20 acts as a high-frequency switch, controlling the energy delivered from the dc supply to the energy-storing tuned circuit comprising capacitors 38 and 40, inductor 42 and induction coil 34.
MOSFET 20, being connected across capacitor 38 of the tank circuit, works into only a fraction of the total impedance of the tank circuit. Capacitor 40 provides a "boost" in voltage to the induction coil 34. This "boost"in induction coil voltage increases the current through the induction coil and, consequently, the energy induced to the heated part.
As noted above, output power can be changed by changing the dc supply voltage to the MOSFET drain-source voltage by any known ac phase control circuit, or by fullwave rectification of the ac line voltage followed by modulating the gate-to-source voltage of the MOSFET using pulse-width modulation (PWM) or series pass techniques. It is believed that the ac phase control circuits and the PWM and series pass techniques are well-understood by those skilled in the art and need not be described in detail. In any event, the particular details of the ac phase control circuitry, or the particular details of the PWM or series pass techniques employed are not critical to the present invention.
Representative waveforms for oscillator 10 are shown in FIGS. 2A-2C. FIG. 2A shows the sinusoidal shape of the tank circuit voltage, which comprises the oscillator output. FIG. 2B illustrates the MOSFET 20 drain-to-source voltage. It should be noted that the conduction angle of the MOSFET 20 is approximately 120�. FIG. 2C shows the MOSFET 20 gate-to-source voltage as fed back by the feedback transformer.
The present invention may be embodied in other specific forms without departing from the spirit or essential attributes thereof and, accordingly, reference should be made to the appended claims, rather than to the foregoing specification, as indicating the scope of the invention.
|Cited Patent
|Filing date
|Publication date
|Jul 26, 1966
|Jun 3, 1969
|Philips Corp
|Cathode current regulated high frequency oscillator
|Dec 12, 1975
|Jan 4, 1977
|Lepel High Frequency Laboratories, Inc.
|High power r.f. induction heating generator
|Aug 29, 1979
|Mar 23, 1982
|U.S. Philips Corporation
|Circuit for stabilizing frequency of FET oscillator as output power varies
|Jun 29, 1981
|Sep 11, 1984
|Westinghouse Electric Corp.
|Solid state radio frequency power generator
|Citing Patent
|Filing date
|Publication date
|Feb 1, 1993
|Jul 5, 1994
|Delco Electronics Corp.
|Local oscillator with reduced harmonic
|Jan 29, 1993
|Nov 8, 1994
|Terumo Kabushiki Kaisha
|Photoelectric transducing device having a self-exciting oscillating mechanism
|Jun 28, 1996
|Mar 17, 1998
|Siemens Energy & Automation, Inc.
|Dual mode power supply and under voltage trip device
|Jun 28, 1996
|Apr 14, 1998
|Siemens Energy & Automation, Inc.
|Trip device for an electric powered trip unit
|Jun 28, 1996
|May 19, 1998
|Siemens Energy And Automation, Inc.
|Trip device for an electric powered trip unit
|Mar 31, 1997
|Dec 15, 1998
|Sun Microsystems, Inc.
|Active inductor oscillator with wide frequency range
|Jun 28, 1996
|May 25, 1999
|Siemens Energy & Automation, Inc.
|Trip device for an electric powered trip unit
|Jul 10, 1998
|Jun 6, 2000
|Ameritherm, Inc.
|System for enabling a full-bridge switch-mode amplifier to recover all reactive energy
|Jan 9, 1998
|Nov 28, 2000
|Induced Energy Limited
|Induction heating apparatus
|May 27, 1999
|Feb 20, 2001
|Mark Salerno
|Heat maintaining food delivery container
|Jul 10, 1998
|Jul 3, 2001
|Ameritherm, Inc.
|System and method for providing RF power to a load
|Mar 17, 2000
|Aug 7, 2001
|Ameritherm, Inc.
|System and method for providing RF power to a load
|Jan 31, 2000
|Nov 13, 2001
|Ameritherm, Inc.
|Resonant frequency tracking system and method for use in a radio frequency (RF) power supply
|Aug 7, 2001
|Feb 18, 2003
|Ameritherm, Inc.
|RF power supply
|Nov 3, 2000
|Apr 15, 2003
|Visteon Global Technologies, Inc.
|Power supply module having internal energy storage circuit for stable oscillation
|Nov 25, 2002
|May 4, 2004
|Ameritherm, Inc.
|Resonant frequency tracking system and method for use in a radio frequency (RF) power supply
|Jul 17, 2012
|Access Business Group International Llc
|Inductively coupled ballast circuit
|Feb 22, 2012
|Dec 17, 2013
|Fujitsu Limited
|Amplifier circuit
|Sep 15, 2011
|Dec 31, 2013
|Access Business Group International Llc
|Inductively coupled ballast circuit
|Dec 22, 2009
|Oct 7, 2014
|Linear Technology Corporation
|Method and system for voltage independent power supply load sharing
|May 24, 2010
|Jan 13, 2015
|Rolls-Royce Plc
|Temperature activatable actuator
|Aug 7, 2012
|Mar 8, 2016
|Murata Manufacturing Co., Ltd.
|High-frequency power device, power transmission device, and power transfer system
|Nov 26, 2013
|Mar 29, 2016
|Access Business Group International Llc
|Inductively coupled ballast circuit
|Feb 25, 2008
|Aug 14, 2008
|Access Business Group International Llc
|Inductively coupled ballast circuit
|Dec 22, 2009
|Jul 1, 2010
|Linear Technology Corporation
|Method and system for voltage independent power supply load sharing
|Jan 4, 2011
|Jul 7, 2011
|Access Business Group International Llc
|Integrated wireless power system
|May 24, 2010
|Mar 22, 2012
|Rolls-Royce Plc
|Temperature activatable actuator
|Aug 30, 2012
|Fujitsu Limited
|Amplifier circuit
|Sep 22, 2010
|Dec 13, 2012
|Safetrack Infrasystems Sisab Ab
|Method and a device for brazing
|Jan 3, 2013
|Murata Manufacturing Co., Ltd.
|High-frequency power device, power transmission device, and power transfer system
|Jul 12, 2012
|Jan 16, 2014
|Daniel Vincent Brosnan
|Induction cooktop pan sensing
|Oct 29, 2013
|Apr 30, 2015
|Sarge Holdings Co., Llc
|Portable induction heater
|Dec 31, 2009
|Jun 17, 2015
|Method and system for voltage independent power supply load sharing
|Sep 22, 2010
|Jul 24, 2013
|High-frequency power supply
|Sep 22, 2010
|Dec 16, 2015
|Oct 14, 2005
|Dec 14, 2006
|Siemens Ag
|LC-oscillator circuit for use during transmission between transmitter and receiver, has power source linked with transistor terminals, where energy for oscillation of circuit is pulse shaped in area of maximum sinusoidal voltage of circuit
|Jan 13, 1997
|Jul 24, 1997
|Central Research Laboratories Limited
|An oscillator
|Dec 31, 2009
|Jul 8, 2010
|Linear Technology Corporation
|Method and system for voltage independent power supply load sharing
|U.S. Classification
|International Classification
|Cooperative Classification
|European Classification
|Dec 2, 1991
Owner name: LEPEL CORPORATION A CORP. OF NEW YORK, NEW YORK
Free format text: ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST.;ASSIGNOR:ROSSNICK, MELVIN;REEL/FRAME:005991/0470
Effective date: 19911120
|Aug 28, 1996
|Fee payment
Year of fee payment: 4
|Aug 7, 2000
|Fee payment
Year of fee payment: 8
|Sep 15, 2004
|Maintenance fee reminder mailed
|Nov 1, 2004
|Surcharge for late payment
Year of fee payment: 11
|Nov 1, 2004
|Fee payment
Year of fee payment: 12


text:
We are long time residents of District 7 and have known Phil Smartt and his family for many, many years. During those years, we watched as he served the community in various capacities from the School Board to the Water Treatment Board. We know he worked hard to build bridges between members of our community at large during those years.
Phil has the pro-business background and experience in county government that we need. He understands that high taxes can drive businesses and opportunities from our area and he has stated such. He is pro education and as a past member of the School Board understands the needs of our educational system.
Despite what others may claim about annexation, which we watched as it unfolded and collapsed, it was Phil's experience in local government that led to his understanding of the singular weakness of the city's argument for annexation that doomed the effort. A weakness he used to help defeat the city's proposal and protect the residents of District 7. He is also solidly behind the proposed State bill that would allow citizens to vote on future annexations.
In addition, his stance on the $100K allotted to commissioners as discretionary spending is most commendable. Since discretionary spending can, on occasion, lead to public corruption, he has elected to allow a third party to control the expenditure of those funds, something no other candidate has yet opted to do.
In our opinion, Phil Smartt is an honest, hard working individual with the necessary skills and experience to benefit our community in the years ahead. There is no other candidate in District 7 more capable or prepared for service in the community than he is.
July 1, 2016
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Erlanger Health System CEO Kevin Spiegel has written Walker County Commissioner Bebe Heiskell to say that Erlanger would consider taking payments on the $8,705,000 Hutcheson debt. Stuart James, special counsel for Walker County, called the overture "heavy-handed." Walker County earlier offered a $1.3 million "global settlement" that was rejected by Erlanger. Catoosa County ... (click for more)
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The Signal Mountain Green Giants have the upper hand in the Chattanooga Area Swim League's highly-competitive Blue division and the clinched at least a tie for first place with Thursday's win over Dalton, but they'll have to wait until Tuesday before the championship celebration can officially begin. The Green Giants lost to Dalton by 15 points at Dalton in the first week of ... (click for more)
Travis Hale, who spent one year under Wes Skiles being groomed for the job, has been named the new softball coach at Soddy-Daisy High School. Hale, who previously was an assistant coach at Hixson and head coach at Loftis Middle School, was groomed for the job last season working under coach Wes Skiles, who has stepped down after four seasons. "I focused on paying ... (click for more)

subset: commoncrawl


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Easy Thanksgiving Recipes: 14 Thanksgiving Side Dishes
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Cajun Cabbage Au Gratin Casserole
By: Mary from Deep South Dish
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For a super easy cabbage casserole recipe, read on. To make Cajun Cabbage Au Gratin Casserole, all you have to do is microwave, saute, and bake. When it's done, you'll have a lightly browned crust, made from bread crumbs and Parmesan cheese. Try this if you want an easy dinner with a kick of flavor.
Cooking Time: 40 min
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ORLANDO, Fla. — The murky picture of Orlando gunman Omar Mateen grew more complex Tuesday with word that the FBI is investigating whether he had been a regular at the gay dance club he attacked and ha
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By Byron YorkSyndicated Columnist
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To the editor:
Carroll seniors first 2014 CCISD class to graduate
caller.com / Sat, 07 Jun 2014 03:20:00 -0000
Carroll High School seniors gathered for the last time as students Friday at the American Bank Center for the school's commencement. Hundreds of students were joined by thousands of family and friends to cheer on the first Corpus Christi ISD senior class to graduate this year. Miller, Moody, Ray and King high schools will have commencements throughout Saturday at the American Bank Center.
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To the editor:
State briefs: Police say 14-year-old boy fatally stabbed in Houston
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HOUSTON— Houston police say a 14-year-old boy has been stabbed to death in a strip mall parking lot.
BASEBALL: Who should be The Courier's All-Montgomery County Player of the Year?
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Help The Courier decide who should be the 2016 All-Montgomery County Baseball Player of the Year.
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TCL BASEBALL: Holland a mainstay with the Woodlands Strykers
YourHoustonNews.com / Wed, 15 Jun 2016 19:40:00 -0500
For the most part, Texas Collegiate League rosters are a revolving door of sorts.
Vicki Lawrence and Mama: A Two-Woman Show returns to The Grand
YourHoustonNews.com / Mon, 20 Jun 2016 07:00:00 -0500
Back by popular demand, "that other redhead from the Carol Burnett Show," the Emmy Award-winning comedienne Vicki Lawrence will take center stage at The Grand 1894 Opera House for a "3-for-all." First
See if you agree with GOP winners & losers
houstonchronicle.com / Fri, 31 Aug 2012 16:13:00 UT
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Kim Kardashian Kicks Monday Off With a Nude Selfie, But Who Doesn't?
"When you're like I have nothing to wear LOL" is how the reality star captioned her self-censored self portrait.
"When you're like I have nothing to wear LOL" is how the reality star captioned her self-censored self portrait.
Kanye, I'mma let you finish, but Whataburger is the best Twitter troll of all time.
Police reportedly said Mirra's body was discovered in his truck in Greenville, N.C., dead of an apparent self-inflicted gunshot wound to the head.
Go, go, Power Rangers! (insert awesome guitar solo).
Amy Schumer jokes a lot about how much meaningless, risky sex she has, so maybe she shouldn't be too surprised or hurt when someone else tries it.
You have to have some big balls as a doctor if you're willing to put HIV positive blood into your own body.
Alan Rickman, the tremendously talented British actor behind such iconic roles as Hans Gruber in Die Hard and Professor Severus Snape in the Harry Potter films, has died at the age of 69 following a bout with cancer.
The man who brought us the genius line, "If you take everything I've accomplished in my life and condense it down to one day, it looks decent," will now be getting his own bar.
Honestly, the most famous houses in the world are the White House and the Playboy Mansion. You can actually own one of those now.
This would have actually gotten me to pay attention to chemistry in high school.
If you want to pay your respects this Saturday, you can be apart of the farewell to Lemmy Kilmister.
I am gonna snap this Deathclaws neck like a Slim Jim when I get my hands on him.


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Innovation, Communication, and the Future of Museums: Video Interview with Dr. Griswold
This month, the Cleveland Museum of Art will welcome Dr. William M. Griswold as its tenth director of the museum! During the summer, we caught up with Dr. Griswold to get his first reflections on a number of topics, including his thoughts on the role that innovation in technology, communication, and programming plays at the Cleveland Museum of Art. Take a look and let us know your thoughts in the comments below, and stay tuned for the fourth episode in this series here on the CMA blog!
> Introducing William M. Griswold: Incoming Director of the Cleveland Museum of Art
> Bio: William M. Griswold, Incoming Director
> Video: First Thoughts and Looking Forward
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text:
|Publication number
|Publication type
|Application number
|Publication date
|Nov 7, 2000
|Filing date
|Sep 10, 1999
|Priority date
|Sep 10, 1999
|Fee status
|Publication number
|George Glenn Padgett
|Original Assignee
|Padgett; George Glenn
|Export Citation
|BiBTeX, EndNote, RefMan
|Patent Citations (14), Referenced by (38), Classifications (15), Legal Events (5)
|External Links: USPTO, USPTO Assignment, Espacenet
There exists a need for a cheap, effective, safe, private, disease free, non impregnating, and natural like way for a woman to achieve sexual gratification with a sexual stimulation apparatus. Not only do single women, but women married to impotent men deserve help. Many women have tried to masturbate and failed because of the same reason that one cannot tickle oneself This leaves a woman without a partner frustrated and can cause her to seek satisfaction that is not safe, disease free, non impregnating, or is immoral. Married women and single women who are attached to an impotent man are motivated to become unfaithful. Women may need to avoid traditional sexual intercourse because one half of the couple has an infectious disease. With A.I.D.S. (Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome) and numerous other sexually transmitted venereal diseases so prevalent in today's society, there are considerable risks involved in extramarital sex. Many women lose their partner to impotency or death while the woman still has sexual needs. This inventor found only three machines that attempt to provide relief for women. This invention is the first machine to use: ball joints on moving parts; a ground fault interrupt circuit; seats; wheels for moving the machine into position; a handle for pushing or pulling the machine into position; a vibrating dildo; rubber pads for vibration isolation; an adaptable dildo mounting assembly for mounting all lengths, textures, shapes, and girths of dildos (other patents use an automobile radiator hose clamp); a method of quickly disconnecting the dildo for easy cleaning; a power indicator light; a pivoting lever; vertical dildo thrusting instead of horizontal; no guide holes nor bushings to restrict the movement of the arm the dildo is fastened to; a flexible yet resilient arm to move the dildo; and the elimination of a wheel or pulley. This invention attaches a link directly to a hub on the gear box output shaft. The machine described in the application has been tested and is very effective. It simulates vaginal and anal intercourse. The users of this machine for achieving sexual satisfaction are: a woman alone; a woman with a male partner; a woman with a female partner; a man alone; or a man with a male partner. The vibrating dildo is commercially obtained and can be of various shapes, girths, lengths and textures. The dildo that has a remote battery pack with variable speed control attached with an electrical cord. Non remote controlled vibrating dildos and non vibrating dildos may also be attached to the tube. The rider sits on the seat with the dildo protruding through a hole in the seat. An electric motor powering a series of gears and levers causes the dildo to reciprocate in and out of the rider's vagina or anus. A partner may sit on the opposite seat to either operate the speed controls and/or provide further stimulation to the rider by kissing, hugging, and caressing. This apparatus has the primary purpose of providing the rider with sexual gratification and possibly an orgasm in the case of a female rider. A second purpose is to provide orgasm therapy or orgasm training. Women must learn to be orgasmic through experience and practice. Many women have never had an orgasm because they think it is dirty or their partner finishes the sex act before they achieve an orgasm. It can also be used before sex as a form of foreplay or after sex to achieve orgasm if the sex act did not achieve orgasm. A third purpose of the machine is to help impotent men achieve an erection for traditional sex by providing the male partner with visual and tactile stimuli from the rider of the machine.
The invention is a sexual stimulation apparatus which is portable, enables the user to achieve sexual gratification and possibly an orgasm without exchanging body fluids with a partner, and is totally hygienic. The stimulation apparatus comprises, generally a motor situated within a container, the first end of a pivoting arm coupled to the motor and the second end attached to a generally vertical dildo which extends through the top of the container. The pivoting arm is coupled to the motor in a manner translating the rotational motion of the drive shaft into reciprocating vertical motion of the dildo.
The container includes a base portion, a top surface to mount a seat for the rider and a top surface to mount a seat for the partner, a hinged door in the rider end of the container to allow easy access for the changing of the dildo, a securely fastened door to permit occasional access to the motor means at the partner end. The motor is positioned within the container and is securely fastened to the base portion. The shape and dimensions of the container are such that the rider may comfortably straddle the seat and rest knees and feet upon the floor. The container is carried by grasping the portions of the rider and partner seats that extend beyond the length of the container. A roller is also provided to assist moving the container for short distances.
The motor includes an electric motor which turns a drive shaft. A gear box is interposed between the electric motor and the drive shaft for translating a high rate of rotation of the electric motor into a slower rate of rotation of the drive shaft. Electrical power extends from a power source through the container, through a ground fault circuit interrupter, through an on/off switch and indicator light, through a rheostat to the electric motor. The rheostat is used to vary the speed of the electric motor, the on/off switch to start or stop motion, the indicator light to indicate that electrical power is bring supplied to the electric motor, and the ground fault circuit interrupter is included as a safety device for the rider and partner in the event of a short circuit.
Means for selectively coupling the first end of the pivoting arm to the gear box includes a hub attached to the drive shaft. The hub has a rotating arm securely attached which has numerous apertures linearly spaced from the center of the hub. A link arm is loosely attached to the rotating arm by means of a ball joint rod end. The balljoint rod end is attached to another ball joint rod end by a threaded rod. The second ball joint rod end is attached to the first end of the pivoting arm.
Means for causing the pivoting arm to pivot about a point approximately midway along the length of the pivoting arm is provided by a male studded ball joint rod end connecting the pivoting arm to the support column. The support column is securely fastened to the base of the container.
Alternative means for causing the pivoting arm to pivot about a point approximately midway along the length of the pivoting arm is provided by a bolt passes through an aperture in the pivoting arm and a support column. The column is securely fastened to the base of the container.
Means of coupling the dildo to the second end of the pivoting arm is provided by a dildo mounting assembly. The dildo mounting assembly consists of a threaded locking collar, dildo girth adaptor ring, threaded coupling, connecting tube, and reinforcement collar. The dildo mounting assembly is loosely attached to the second end of the pivoting arm. The dildo girth adaptor ring may be exchanged with other girth adaptor rings thus providing a means to allow for the use of various girth dildos. The threaded coupling has a slotted opening beginning at the threaded end thus providing a means to allow for the exit of a wire when used with a wire remote controlled dildo. The threaded coupling and connecting tube are attached together by means of a cotter pin through a plurality of aligned holes in both the threaded coupling and the connecting tube. The cotter pin serves two purposes. The first purpose is to join the threaded coupling and the connecting tube with a means of quick disconnection, the second is to provide a means of preventing some slim dildos from falling through the dildo mounting assembly and making contact with the pivoting arm. The connecting tube and its surrounding reinforcement collar are provided with several vertically spaced holes which are aligned on opposing sides of the tubes. This arrangement provides a means of adjusting the effective length of the dildo mounting assembly which effects the starting penetration depth and ending penetration depth of the dildo attached to the threaded locking collar end of the dildo mounting assembly. Through one set of these holes, a bolt is passed. Midway through the interior of the connecting tube and its surrounding reinforcement collar the bolt passes through a hole in the second end of the pivoting arm, thus providing a means of loosely attaching the dildo mounting assembly to the pivoting arm. The pivoting arm being provided with several horizontally space holes provides a means of adjusting the position of the dildo forward and backward in the container. These horizontally space holes also provide a means of adjusting the length of reciprocating stroke imparted to the dildo. Because the pivoting arm is a lever with its fulcrum positioned between the two ends, a change in length of the pivoting arm on one side of the fulcrum (the support column) will cause the length of movement of the pivoting arm on one side of the fulcrum (the support column) to be shortened or lengthened. Repositioning the dildo mounting assembly closer to the support column will decrease the length of stroke and repositioning the dildo mounting assembly farther away from the support column will increase the length of stroke. Changing the hole in the rotating arm that the linng arm in attached to also provides a means of adjusting the length of stroke imparted to the dildo.
The accompanying drawings illustrate the invention. In such drawings:
FIG. 1 is a perspective view of a preferred form of the sexual stimulation apparatus and shown assembled with a wire controlled vibrating dildo for vaginal stimulation of a woman;
FIG. 2 is an enlarged fragmented vertical section taken generally along line 2--2 of FIG. 1, illustrating the interior of the container, and specifically the manner in which the pivoting arm is coupled to the motor;
FIG. 3 is an enlarged elevational view of the elongated arm and the rotating arm, and hub, taken generally along line 3--3 of FIG. 1, illustrating the use of an alternative elongated arm constructed of a solid metal bar and bolts instead of ball bearing rod ends;
FIG. 4 is a detailed view of the elongated arm and the rotating arm, pivoting arm, and hub, taken generally along line 4--4 of as shown in FIG. 3, illustrating the alternative method of utilizing nuts, bolts and washers to substitute for the ball joint rod ends;
FIG. 5 is an enlarged elevational view of the pivoting arm and the dildo mounting tube, as shown in FIG. 2, illustrating the adjustable vertical position of the dildo mounting tube, and illustrating the horizontally adjustable length of the pivoting arm;
FIG. 6 is an enlarged, exploded elevational view of the dildo mounting tube and dildo, as shown on FIG. 5, illustrating the adjustable depth that a dildo can be mounted inside the dildo mounting tube, illustrating the screw on dildo holding ring, illustrating the interchangeable dildo adaptor inserts, and illustrating the method that the remote control wire of the dildo exits the dildo mounting tube, and illustrating the flexible method of mounting the dildo mounting tube assembly to the;
FIG. 7 is an enlarged, detailed view of the alternative method of constructing a pivot point of bolts, nuts and washers instead of a ball bearing rod end.
As shown in the drawings for purposes of illustration, the present invention is concerned with a novel sexual stimulation apparatus generally designated by the reference number 139 (FIG. 1). In accordance with the present invention, and as illustrated with respect to a first embodiment in FIGS. 1 through 7, the stimulation apparatus 139 includes a box-like container 10 (FIG. 1). The container having a base portion 140 and two lids, 136 and 135 (FIG. 2). The container 10 is constructed of rigid members 99 (such as wood or plastic) connected together in such a manner as to give the container strength and rigidity (FIG. 2). The exact shape of the container may vary from a tube to a rectangular box (FIG. 2). The access door 23 is held in place by latch 22 and attached to the base 140 by hinge 24 (FIG. 2). The rider seat 117 and partner seat 116 are made by coating the tops 136 and 135 respectively with a suitable covering (such as leather or vinyl) (FIG. 2). Padding in the form of foam rubber 11 and 12 may be included (FIG. 2). The lids are extended beyond the ends of the container 139 for use as handles (FIG. 2). Seat 1 1 has an opening through which the dildo 13 and remote control wire 14 pass (FIG. 1). The dildo remote control unit/battery pack 21 is attached to the side of the container 10 with glue. A caster 41 is attached to the container by screw 125 and 126 (FIG. 2). Rubber pads 28 and 133 are attached to the base 140 by screw 49 and 132 (FIG. 2). Two other pads are not shown.
A gear reduction motor comprised of an electric motor 33 and its gear reduction unit 34 is attached securely to the base 140 by bolts 98 and 130 with flat washers (94, 124, 93, and 104) and self locking bolts 45 and 129 (FIG. 2). The output of the gear reduction unit 34 is a drive shaft 50 (FIG. 4). This arrangement desirably translates the high rate of rotation of the motor into the slower rate of rotation of the drive shaft. Power cable 131 extends from a power source (not shown) through the hole 95 (FIG. 2). Electrical power extends from a power source (not shown) through the container at hole 95, through a ground fault circuit interrupter 36, along wire 20, through an on/off switch and indicator light 35, along wire 19, through a rheostat 25, along wire 18, to the electric motor 33 (FIG. 2). The power cable 131 and cable end 40 are of the three connector type to provide power and a safety ground (FIG. 2). The rheostat 25 is used to vary the speed of the electric motor 33, the on/off switch 35 to start or stop motion, the indicator light (toggle of switch 35 contains a light) to indicate that electrical power is being supplied to the electric motor 33 even when the rheostat 35 has slowed the electric motor 33 to or below a point where the torque electric motor 33 can no longer overcome the combined resistance of the gear reduction unit 34, and the ground fault circuit interrupter 36 is included as a safety device for the rider and partner in the event of a short circuit (FIG. 2).
The rotational power from the drive shaft 50 is transferred to hub 42 (FIG. 4). The preferred method is to connect the link arm 52 directly to the hub 42 by use of a female studded ball joint end, thus eliminating parts 51, 122, 44, 121, and 88. Alternately, rotating arm 51 is secured to the hub with bolts 122 and 44, and lock washers 121 and 88 (FIG. 4). Rotating arm 51 is connected to the pivoting arm 31 with a link arm 52 made of a threaded rod (FIG. 2). The ends of the threaded rod have female studded ball joint ends 53 and 138 (FIG. 2). These ball joints are tightly fastened to the arms with nuts and lock washers (not shown). In a second alternative, a flat bar can be used to make the link arm 38 (FIG. 3). It is connected loosely to the rotating arm 51 by a bolt, washer and nut assembly that tightly locks bolt 39 to rotating arm 51 with nuts 118 and 119 and lock washer 114 (FIG. 4). Bolt 39 does not prevent the movement of link arm 38 because flat washers 81, 82, 83, 84, and 85 are not held tightly by bolt 39 (FIG. 4). This also provides a means to prevent link arm 38 from contacting bolts 121 and 44 (FIG. 4). Several holes 43 in the rotating arm 51 provide for a means of adjusting the effective radius of the hub 42 (FIG. 4). On the opposite end of link arm 38 a similar nut, bolt, washer assembly is used (FIG. 4). This combination differs in that the bolt does not tightly grip either the link arm 38 or the pivoting arm 31 (FIG. 4). This is done by nuts 60 and 120 tightened together against lock washer 113 (FIG. 4). The washers 90, 86, 87, and 91 are to allow bolt 37 to turn freely (FIG. 4). Either construction of arms converts the rotational movement of the hub 42 into a generally vertical and reciprocating movement of the pivoting arm 31 (FIG. 4). The number of flat washers may be adjusted to help align the linkage arms if the flat bar method is used (FIG. 4)
The pivoting arm 31 has a pivot point approximately half way between the link arm 52 and the dildo mounting assembly (FIG. 2). The two ends of a male studded ball joint rod end 29 are secured to the pivoting arm 31 and a metal angle 32 by self locking nuts (FIG. 2). This male studded ball joint rod end 29 functions as the pivot point for the pivoting arm. The two threaded ends of the male studded ball joint rod end 29 are at right angles to each other as seen in FIG. 2. When the link arm 52 pulls or pushes the end of the pivoting arm 31, the dildo mounting assembly end (all of FIG. 5) of the pivoting arm 31 is forced in the opposite direction (FIG. 2). Metal angle 32 is fastened to base 140 by bolt 99, self locking nut 96 and flat washers 111 and 101.
The alternate method of constructing the pivot point is by attaching two metal angles 32 and 112 to the base 140 with bolts 105 and 99, and self locking nuts 96 and 102 (FIG. 7). Flat washers 101, 103, 111, and 104 are also used (FIG. 7). Bolt 106 passes through a hole in metal angles 32 and 112 (FIG. 7). Nuts 137 and 109 are securely tightened with lock washer 110 (FIG. 7). Flat Washers 108 and 107 provide a surface for the nut and bolt to rotate on (FIG. 7). Pivoting arm 31 is loosely held between the two metal angles 32 and 112 (FIG. 7). Bolt 106 is the fulcrum of a simple lever and pivoting arm 31 is the lever (FIG. 7). When the link arm 52 pulls or pushes the end of the pivoting arm 31, the dildo mounting assembly (all of FIG. 5) end of the pivoting arm 31 is forced in the opposite direction (FIG. 2).
The dildo mounting assembly (all of FIG. 5) is attached to the pivoting arm 31 by one of several holes 48 in the arm (FIG. 2). The holes allow for adjusting the position of the dildo mounting assembly (all of FIG. 5) and its attached dildo 13 forward or rearward in the container 10 to meet the rider's needs (FIG. 2). The connecting tube 46 and its surrounding reinforcement tube 27 are attached by use of a bolt or quick disconnect pin through one of holes 47 to provide a means of adjusting the effective length of the dildo mounting assembly and therefore the starting depth of penetration of the dildo 13 and the final depth of penetration of the dildo 13 in the rider (FIG. 5). Midway through the connecting tube, the bolt or quick disconnect pin passes through one of holes 48 in the pivoting arm 31 (FIG. 5). In the alternative method where a bolt is used, the bolt is allowed to turn freely by using two nuts 60 and 127 and a lock washer 92 to prevent the bolt from falling from the dildo mounting assembly (FIG. 6). Flat washers 59 and 128 allow the bolt 57 to turn freely (FIG. 6). Slots cut vertically in the for and aft of the combination of the reinforcement tube 27 and the connecting tube 46 allow the pivoting arm 31 to pass through (FIG. 5). This also allows the dildo mounting assembly (all of FIG. 5) and it's attached dildo 13 to freely pivot on bolt 57 forward and rearward in relationship to the hole in the rider's seat 11 (FIG. 2).
The connecting tube 46 and its surrounding reinforcement tube 27 are connected to the threaded coupling 26 by means of a cotter pin 54 passing through one set of holes 56 that align on the three parts (FIG. 6). This provides a means of quick disconnect of the upper half of the dildo mounting assembly from the lower half (FIG. 6). The threaded coupling 26 has a slot 89 cut through the threaded area so that the remote control wire 14 of the dildo 13 may exit the threaded coupling 26 when the threaded locking collar 15 is in place (FIG. 6). Round plate 55 has a slot cut in it from the outside edge toward the center to allow for the passage of the remote control wire 14 (FIG. 6). The round plate 55 prevents the dildo 13 from falling through the center of the dildo mounting assembly (FIG. 6). The dildo 13 is shown in the preferred form of a wire remote controlled dildo (FIG. 6). Non wire remote controlled and non vibrating dildos may also be used. The only limitation is the threaded locking collar 15 and dildo girth adaptor ring 58 or 134 or none must fit over and around the dildo 13 (FIG. 6). Dildo girth adaptor rings 58 or 134 or none are used to adapt the dildo to snugly fit inside the threaded locking collar 15 which in turn is screwed onto the threaded collar 26 to complete the dildo mounting assembly and dildo combination (FIG. 6).
From the foregoing it is to be appreciated that the novel sexual stimulation apparatus 139 is powered by ordinary household electrical current, is lightweight and can be carried about freely, is easy to clean, and store. The fact that the dildo 13 can be of various girths, lengths, shapes, and textures allows this machine to be of use to both men and women. Although the drawings and detailed descriptions have been used to illustrate a box like container, a tube of plastic may be substituted.
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|Nov 20, 2008
|Robinson Donald F
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|Apr 16, 2009
|Jul 29, 2010
|Alfred Xueliang Xin
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|Jan 19, 2010
|Jul 29, 2010
|Konstantin Kulikov
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|Nov 28, 2008
|Dec 2, 2010
|Robert Lewis Stephenson
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|Jan 24, 2013
|Hennessey Daniel J
|Aug 7, 2012
|May 9, 2013
|Vivien Johan Cambridge
|Automatic billing system for remote internet services
|Nov 11, 2012
|May 15, 2014
|Nicole Dees
|Sex training device and game
|Apr 1, 2003
|Mar 21, 2007
|Driving apparatus of massaging device for sexual organs
|Apr 6, 2004
|Jun 4, 2008
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|Bruce Murison
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|Feb 21, 2002
|Hickman Kenneth L
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|U.S. Classification
|600/38, 601/49, 128/845
|International Classification
|Cooperative Classification
|European Classification
|Mar 27, 2004
|Fee payment
Year of fee payment: 4
|Apr 22, 2008
|Fee payment
Year of fee payment: 8
|Jun 18, 2012
|Maintenance fee reminder mailed
|Nov 7, 2012
|Lapse for failure to pay maintenance fees
|Dec 25, 2012
|Expired due to failure to pay maintenance fee
Effective date: 20121107


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Home > News > Size-based sorting and manipulation of nanoparticles becomes possible
January 23rd, 2007
Size-based sorting and manipulation of nanoparticles becomes possible
The precise positioning of nanoparticles on surfaces is key to most nano- technology applications especially molecular electronics. However, for automated patterning of particles, existing methods are either slow (e.g., dip-pen lithography) or require prefabricated patterns (e.g., by electrostatic positioning or by successive self-assembly, transfer, and integration). Moreover, the sorting of differently sized particles, organelles, and cells in microfluidic networks is important for many biological and medical applications. Purely size-based sorting would offer the greatest control, but an automated method so far does not exist. Researchers in Switzerland now have discovered that acoustic streaming leads to sorting of particles dependent on their size. Nanoparticles aggregate at the antinodes and micrometer-sized particles aggregate on the nodes of oscillation patterns on micro- machined cantilevers. These surprising results open new possibilities for the sorting of nanoparticles.
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Official "The Amazing Spider-Man" Trailer
Witness the first official trailer for the Andrew Garfield, Emma Stone-lead "The Amazing Spider-Man", courtesy of the film's official site. It's nice to see a Peter Parker with a little more edge.
This post was created by a member of BuzzFeed Community, where anyone can post awesome lists and creations. Learn more or post your buzz!
- The Obama administration, which has been notoriously secretive about its drone policy, said drone strikes have killed up to 116 civilians.
- Nearly 70,000 people convicted of felonies but now on probation or parole are suing Louisiana for the right to vote.
- Attorney General Loretta Lynch said she'll accept FBI recommendations in the investigation of Hillary Clinton's private email servers.


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Free personalized radio that
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When You Leave (Numa Numa) (Cahill Radio Edit)
Features of This Tracktrance roots
four-on-the-floor beats
beats made for dancing
straight drum beats
thin backup vocal performance
a rhythmic intro
use of modal harmonies
the use of chordal patterning
subtle use of pianos
arpeggiated synths
a variety of synth sounds
effected synths
synth heavy arrangements
subtle use of staccato synths
radio friendly stylings
prevalent use of groove
These are just a few of the hundreds of attributes cataloged for this track by the Music Genome Project.show more
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Wait for it
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Oh never mind
\(^.^*)/ when you leave my colors turn to grey -.-
Numa numa eh numa numa numa eh
I love all versions of when you leave
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Perri's pail-creeping photo of The Wonderland Story presenting Talk-Heavy Moments with Benji
This drumming presentation tells the story of the Tear-Jerking War in all its historically different glory. Featured in the presentation is the helping story set to music, "Two Fighters." The climax comes with a visiting rendition of the Realm Address by a beautiful replica of President Benji.
You shouldn't try Pirate Mode
© copyright 2011–2016
A Pants Aflame production


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June 30, 2016
Wednesday, November 4, 2015
GOAL 1: STUDENT SUCCESS: Congratulations Class of 2016: This past Friday's graduation ceremony marked another milestone as the Class of 2016, all 277 strong, celebrated their amazing high school journey. These young men and women have gained more knowledge, maturity, and balance in their lives as they move on college, careers, and whatever dreams they aspire to achieve. Confident that they will make us proud as they fulfill their goals for the future. MAHALO for a job well done! Special thanks also to the teachers/staff who helped at the graduation practice and getting the students ready for the…
GOAL 1: STUDENT SUCCESS: End as the Beginning: These final two weeks of school reminds me of a "circle"…..where there are no instructional days that we can label as unimportant or to be wasted. These last few days have just as much importance as when we opened our 4 X 4 semesters in July and January. The achievements of this 2nd semester can quickly dissipate in the final days if those days are devoted to idleness. Your good work and carefully constructed/developed plans can break-a-part if that same effort is not invested over these last few days. Keep…
GOAL 1: STUDENT SUCCESS: Senior Projects: As seniors share their presentations this week, continue your planning in collectively strengthening our interdisciplinary supports across all content areas. Student Support Documentation: With about 9 instructional days remaining for seniors and 14 instructional days for the rest of the students, strongly recommend that those few students who are very much in danger of not passing, be thoroughly discussed and documented within your student support meetings. RFAs, student data charts and any other documentation must be part of the support conversations during these last few weeks of school. Also be…
Mahalo as week of May 2nd marks Teacher Appreciation! The signature of a successful organization is grounded in the quality of it's people and we are blessed with awesome teachers and support staff! A small thank you is planned for early Monday morning in the office area. Congratulations to Col Levoit, Sgt. Major Verasammy and cadets as our JROTC held their Warrior Battalion Annual Celebration/Awards banquet this past Saturday night. Truly inspiring to see the great turnout of parents and organizations to help recognize our students' accomplishments! GOAL 1: STUDENT SUCCESS: Senior Project Alignment: Great to see the…
Thank you to our Administrative Professionals for their awesome work! Their dedicated efforts are truly appreciated and we thank them for making our school such a special place. As a small thanks, they will be treated to a special luncheon on Monday, April 25th in the library. GOAL 1: STUDENT SUCCESS: Dual Credit – Jump Start Presentations: Our first group of Jump Start students will be sharing their experiences with grade 10 English classes on Friday, April 29th periods 1 – 4. Kudos to Counselor Robyn Keawe and English teachers Dave Mireles & Pam Rozsa for…
May 23, 2016
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PCNC Connection April 2016
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PCNC Connection November 2015
KAPA'A HIGH SCHOOL PROGRAM DESCRIPTION 2016-2017 Students at Kapa'a High School are organized into Smaller Learning Communities in order to ensure personalization, student support, rigor & relevance. Small teams of teachers from different disciplines generally share common planning time and a group of students. Counselors are assigned by grade level to ensure continuity throughout the student's four- year experience at Kapa'a High School. Freshman Hui Grade 9 students are heterogeneously grouped into one of two Hui, Onipa'a or Ikaika. Each Hui includes a dedicated English, Math, Science and Social Studies teacher. In addition, there are two inclusion teachers in English and…
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|Home / lib / M_Mathematics / MA_Algebra / MAh_Homology /
Berthelot P., Ogus A. Notes on crystalline cohomology (Princeton, 1978)(T)(264s)_MAh_.djvu
Size 2.0Mb
Date Jun 22, 2005
rD л ,Y s >
(jy (Xoy)*t)T =* PT*Py*(H), where py: D^CTx*) - Y is the
natural projection...
It is easy to see that this set is a sub PD ideal
of KTm • Hence it suffices to check that it contains a set of
PD generators of Kl, , for instance F...
(Recall that the complex
ESpftl ." is the complex ?8^ fiy/S ' °btained from the connection
on E as 0^-module.) Then there is a canonical isomorphism:
If uv/o: (X/S) ...
Since the modules comprising L'(E' ) are
flat, Lf* = f*L" takes acyclic complexes to acyclic complexes,
hence quasi-isomorphism to quasi-isomorphisms, (and triangles
to triangles)...
The key fact of cohomologica
descent, which we shall use without proof, is that for any
abelian sheaf E, the natural map, E —>-IRirftTt*E is an isomorphism
Using this, we can reduce our proof to the topos ^"/^^cris
Construct a topos (Х''/S1) ...
There are several
ways to do this; we hope that the reader does not find the one
we have chosen too distasteful...
Now the base changing theorem (
implies that the arrows D 9 A , ¦+ D , are (quasi-)
isomorphisms for all n, so that D is what Appendix В с
a "quasi-consistent complex of A.-modules" (c.f...
The above results generalize somewhat the work pf Mazur [U,5
Our technique of proof is, however, rather different,since ws foil
a suggestion of Deligne, proving a local result of which the above
global statements are formal consequences...
Moreover, (8.20) -cells --is that
relative Frobenius Fy .,, induces a map (in the derived category
n(i) = e(i)+i ...
Now this spectral sequen
is, after renumbering, the spectral sequence of the canonical
filtration [1,1.4] T...
(X'/S) ¦»• H^ is^/s> deters
the (mod p) Hodge filtration of X'/SQ and conjugate fil
of X/?p, assuming the stated degeneracy and torsion hypo
Even without These hypotheses we car...
Now any p e P(M,N) determines 'an A-linear
evaluation map e :?f-* N, sending any D to D(p).@)...
Finally, it is clea
J- у I1 ¦ •¦ Л* Лш J1 Л,
that iji is unique, because У(М) = Г (M) generates Г.(М) а
an A-PD-algebra...
has finite tor-dimension, so there exists an m such
that Hx(Dne (МвдАп)) э< H1(FneA M) = 0 for all i < m and
all n...
|© 2007 eKnigu


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Four Paws Original Paws Wee Wee Pads
|Four Paws Wee-Wee Pads use a leak-proof 5-ply Floor Armor system, protecting your home and making housebreaking to be much easier. Wee-Wee Pads are 100% guaranteed to resist leakage and are perfect for handling your puppy's potty training. Fast absorption with quilted top mesh & 2 wet-lock layers to prevent tracking Leak-proof backing keeps your floors clean & dry Easy training with built-in attractant Wee-Wee Pads' 5 layer technology is guaranteed not to leak. Here's how it works: An special attractant scent draws puppies to the pad. A quilted top layer locks in wetness. Below that, 2 moisture-locking layers ensure maximum absorption power. The leak-proof backing keeps all moisture trapped inside the pad, preventing any harm coming to your floors or carpets.Wee-Wee Pads make cleanup and disposal easy, and fewer accidents mean less disciplining and faster training for your dog. They can also be used as an alternative to outdoor "relief" for your adult dog. Get worry-free training for your puppy and peace of mind for yourself.For adult and large dogs, check out Large, X-Large and Gigantic Wee-Wee Pads. Available in bulk quantities.
Dingo Ringo-O-O Meat & Rawhide Chew
|Dingo Ringo-O-O's are irresistable real chicken breasts rolled in natural rawhide in a novel ring shape. Gives your dog a healthy & fun way to exercise and clean their teeth. Real chicken meat, pork & rawhide chew Delicious ring dog treat packed with protein Helps clean teeth Dingo Rawhide chews are made with the highest quality ingredients to give your dog a delicious treat that dogs love! Pet Mountain is proud to offer discount bulk pet products.Ingredients: Rawhide, Chicken, Pork, Water, Dextrose, Salt, Potassium Sorbate (preservative), FD&C Red 40.Guaranteed Analysis:Crude Protein (min) - 80.0%Crude Fat (min) - 1.0%Crude Fiber (max) - 2.0%Moisture (max) - 14.0%
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Schmeelk: Knicks Entering Dangerous 'Win Now' ModeHow far Jackson is willing to go to win now remains to be seen. He would be wise to proceed with caution. Entertaining thoughts of trading future draft picks would be foolish.
Report: Kevin Durant Considering Meeting With KnicksKevin Durant is slated to hear pitches from six teams, and while the Knicks are not in that number, they don't appear to be out of the sweepstakes for the top NBA free agent.
Keidel: Don't Kid Yourself -- Kevin Durant Won't Be A KnickWhile many of us would never leave New York, Durant has no ties here. Why suffer the snow, cost, taxes and losing just to say he played on Broadway?
Derrick Rose At Knicks Introductory Press Conference: 'I Just Want To Win'Derrick Rose says he's focused on winning and hopes to be a Knick for the long run.
Silverman: Escape From Chicago Just Might Reignite Rose's CareerHe wants at least one more maximum contract, and he knows the only way he is going to get it is to come close to returning to the form he had when he was an MVP with the Chicago Bulls in the 2010-11 season.
Schmeelk: Debunking Myths About All The Good The Rose Trade Will DoThere are three main arguments proponents of the Derrick Rose trade have given for why it will help the Knicks long term. None hold water.
Schmeelk: Knicks Made A Mistake Trading For Derrick RoseMultiple knee injuries have taken that elite skill. He has not improved his other skills: shooting, passing or defense to make up for that loss.
Report: Knicks' Jackson Told Rose He's Targeting Durant In Free AgencyKnicks president Phil Jackson reportedly told newly acquired point guard Derrick Rose that he plans to pursue Oklahoma City Thunder small forward Kevin Durant in free agency next month.
Reports: Carmelo Anthony Commits To Playing For Team USA In RioIt will be Anthony's fourth appearance in the Olympics. He has already won two gold medals and a bronze.
WATCH: Metta World Peace Uses Food To Explain Triangle OffenseExplaining Phil Jackson's triangle offense hasn't been easy, but Metta World Peace just made it seem pretty simple.
Knicks Acquire Derrick Rose In Trade With BullsThe New York Knicks have reportedly reached a trade with the Chicago Bulls for former MVP point guard Derrick Rose.
Schmeelk: Knicks Might Buy Way Into 2nd Round, Draft A Project PlayerHow the Knicks approach this, however, is important. A second-round pick shouldn't be bought with the goal of filling a hole or need.


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Mes modules favoris
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Search within the current site from the search bar, the new search panel or the context menu. Search within current subdomain or within entire domain. Fully supports the new search panel and search engine buttons.
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Automatically checks and highlights Direct-Download links whether they are available or not.
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Salt Lake City Newswire
Comprehensive Real-Time News Feed for Salt Lake City, UT.
Results 1 - 4 of 4 for "u:livescience.com" in Salt Lake City, UT
Baking-Soda Ingredient May Lower Risk of Premature Death w/Photo
Older people may be at increased risk of premature death if they have low levels of bicarbonate, a main ingredient in baking soda, in their blood, a new study suggests. In the study, researchers examined nearly 3,000 relatively healthy adults ages 70 to 79 over a 10-year period. Comment?
High-Stress Jobs May Raise Stroke Risk w/Photo
People who have high-stress jobs may have an increased risk of stroke, according to a new analysis of previous research. In their analysis, researchers looked at six studies that involved a total of nearly 140,000 people ages 18 to 75, and examined the relationship between work stress and people's risk of stroke . Comment?
More Kids Are Getting Ear Surgery to Avoid Being Bullied w/Photo
A 6-year-old boy in Salt Lake City, Utah, recently had plastic surgery to make his ears stick out less, and parents everywhere weighed in on the family's decision, perhaps without knowing all of the facts about this operation. The young boy had been bullied because of his ears - his classmates had referred to them as "elf ears," Inside Edition originally reported . Comment?
Elephant Genes Hold Cancer-Fighting Secret w/Photo
Cancer is less prevalent in elephants than in humans, in part because the giant animals have more copies of a gene that suppresses tumor growth, a new study finds. Understanding how this gene evolved and works in elephants may help researchers develop ways to treat human cancer patients, the researchers said. Comment?
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STARmeterSEE RANK
Up 184,935 this week
Olga Temonen
Olga Temonen was born on January 23, 1978 in Nurmes, Finland as Olga Inkeri Valentina Koskikallio. She is known for her work on Secret Lives (1999), Hokkasen näköinen nainen (2005) and Skene (2004). She has been married to Tuukka Temonen since September 6, 2008. They have two children. See full bio »
Born:in Nurmes, Finland


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Navis Engineering says it has delivered its NavDP4000 system and Autopilot AP4000 for the new icebreaker 'Baltika'.
Navis explains that its dynamic positioning control systems have met performance expectations in the sea trials of the multifunctional icebreaking rescue and emergency vessel Baltika.The state-of-the-art icebreaker, commissioned in early April 2014, is fitted with the Nav DP4000 (DP System) and the Navis AP4000 Heading control system (autopilot).
Designed by Finnish company Aker Arctic, Baltika was built by the Arctech shipyard in Helsinki and its construction has involved a profound rethinking of icebreaking capability.
Navis adds that the vessel features an asymmetrical hull and an asymmetrical arrangement of its three azimuthing thrusters, enabling it to cut through ice at oblique angles of up to 45 degrees (forward and astern) in channels up to 50m wide – far wider than a conventional icebreaker of the same size. Baltika is also highly manoeuvrable and can transit pack ice up to 1.0 m thick at speed 3 knots.
The DP control system can be set to automatic and semi-automatic modes, with speed and drift angle predetermined, while its DP algorithms also take into account minimizing the effect of hull's asymmetry.
Sea trials confirmed that dynamic positioning control and heading control systems met their declared performance of being accurate at 6 Beaufort Sea State and wind of 14 m/s to a positioning accuracy of 1 m and a heading accuracy of 1 degree.
About the equipment suppliers
Navis Engineering Oy, founded in 1992, is a privately owned Finnish manufacturer of dynamic positioning and vessel motion control systems. Its headquarters is located in Vantaa, Finland, where production takes place, while it also has a R&D Centre in St Petersburg, Russia.
Maritime Today
The Maritime Industry's original and most viewed E-News Service
Following last week's landmark referendum results, VesselsValue has compiled a list of the top five U.K.-based shipowners and their total fleet value in USD billions.
U.S. Federal Maritime Commission (FMC) Commissioner William P. Doyle issued a statement on the upcoming implementation of the SOLAS Convention's verified gross mass (VGM) requirements:
On Friday,
Business owners across the U.K. wanting to drive growth in the maritime sector are being urged to engage with the newly opened Maritime Knowledge Hub in Birkenhead, Liverpool City Region.
The 127,500dwt Solitaire has completed some of the most challenging projects in which heavy pipe has been laid in very deep waters.
Originally built in Japan as a mini-Capesize bulk carrier,
Fugro has deployed multi-purpose offshore survey vessel Fugro Gauss to join the Fugro Brasilis offshore Mexico, to help complete the world's largest seep-hunting
A joint industry project run by DNV GL has replicated stresses measured in an umbilical subjected to tension and bending in full-scale tests, further validating
The American Waterways Operators (AWO) and ClassNK have signed an agreement under which ClassNK will be authorized to conduct audits of AWO's Responsible Carrier Program,
Radio Holland Canada has won two major contracts to support the Canadian Coast Guard. Public Works and Government Services Canada, which is responsible for government procurement,
Young Brothers, Limited, Hawai'i's largest inter-island cargo service provider, and Conrad Shipyard, signed a contract to build four new tugs, a nearly $80 million
Hybrid RoPax ferry Texelstroom has been delivered to Koninklijke N.V. Texels Eigen Stoomboot Onderneming (Royal TESO).
This latest generation symmetrical ferry is powered by efficient,
The Polar Research Institute of China has ordered a new 14,300gt polar research vessel. Designed by Aker Arctic Finland, it will be the first vessel of its type to be built in China,
An international court said on Wednesday it would deliver a hotly anticipated ruling in the Philippines' case against China over the South China Sea on July 12,
The U.S. Coast Guard has opened the Red River from mile marker 40 to mile marker 42 for vessel traffic, Monday.
The Red River had been closed due to a barge that had run aground at mile marker 41,


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Relevant offers
Government departments trimming Christmas parties to a non-alcoholic $20-a-head function may save staff from drunken blunders.
Victoria University head of psychology Marc Wilson said parties could be a good leveller of workplace hierarchies.
But alcohol was a dis-inhibitor and could cause trouble.
"If there's something you've been too controlled to say to the boss during the year, maybe having a few isn't a good idea because the little part of you that says 'hang on, do you really want to say that?' is the first part to go bye-bye after a couple of drinks."
With public servants due to knock off for the holiday soon, it appears their bosses are keeping a check on their state-funded party purses.
The State Services Commission offers no strict guidance to ministries on festive spending but it appears most have tightly capped budgets.
The Treasury held an "around the world"-themed, staff-only party at its office on The Terrace, last week. Spokesman Angus Barclay said it had budgeted $20 a head for food - and one drink each.
Wellington City Council spokesman Richard MacLean said departments tended to do their own $20-a-staff member function rather than one "big whiz-bang single event".
The Education Ministry's quota of $15 a person paid for food and non-alcoholic drinks at its national and regional offices. A ministry spokesman said it sought State Services Commission-guidance before advising staff about any social event.
The Social Development Ministry contributes up to $20 an employee towards team Christmas functions.
There were no subsidies for alcohol, and no interruption to business, a spokesman said.
"There is also a ticketed Christmas party, which staff pay for . . . There is no cost to MSD for this."
The Health Ministry invited staff to an outdoor picnic with non-alcoholic beverages and a barbecue.
Christmas functions are seen as a "get to know each other" opportunity within the newly formed Business, Innovation and Employment Ministry.
Spokesman Britton Broun said individual department parties were being replaced by a joint "music idol"-themed event in Wellington on Thursday night. The event would be catered, with the ministry contributing part of the cost.
In the private sector, while loath to reveal their budgets, many are trying to emphasise families.
Fletcher Construction planned a Christmas fete for more than 3000 people, mostly for children of employees, general manager of investor and media relations Philip King said.
Telecom provides Christmas parties in Auckland, Wellington and Christchurch, and some smaller ones in Hamilton and Dunedin.
A spokeswoman said staff would, like last year, bring along a gift for a Kiwi child in need.
The parties will cater for more than 3500 staff members.
- The Dominion Post
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