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Recent eLetters
Displaying 1-10 letters out of 491 published
The need to attend to outcome reporting bias
I am the author of the NEJM article cited as reference #17, in which we showed stark differences in antidepressant efficacy according to two data sources-published journal articles and FDA reviews. The authors of this BMJ Open protocol list a number of sources they plan to search. What is not clear is how what they plan to do when faced with results of the same clinical trial from two (or more) sources. In our NEJM article, we found 11 trials which were positive according to journal articles but negative according to the FDA. When one considers that those journal articles were authored by those with a conflict of interest, and that the discrepancies were due to post hoc outcome switching, it seems clear that FDA reviews should be prioritized as the more credible data source.
Conflict of Interest:
None declared
Re:Statins do prevent heart attacks and strokes in the elderly
One of Daniel Kellers arguments is right; association is not the same as causation. However, an inverse association is one of the strongest arguments against causation. Furthermore, we have not written that statin treatment is useless, but that its effect is minuscule. Keller has used a meta-analysis of statin trials in old people as an argument, but to claim that the risk of myocardial infarction was lowered by 39.4% and stroke by 23% is seriously misleading, because the absolute risk reduction was only 1.2% and 0.7%, respectively, and in accordance with our findings neither total or cardiovascular mortality was lowered.
Conflict of Interest:
None declared
Re:Re: Are depression and poor sexual health neglected comorbidities? Evidence from a population sample
We thank Mr Islam for his interest in our study investigating the associations between depression and sexual behaviour, sexual function, and sexual health service use, using data from Britain's third National Survey of Sexual Attitudes and Lifestyles (Natsal-3), a probability sample survey of over 15,000 participants aged 16-74 years old.(1) We would like to draw attention to the open access methodology publications that underpin the study, including a two-volume technical report and a peer-reviewed methodology paper, as cited in our paper,(2,3) as these provide comprehensive methodological details about the study and statistical analyses and address a number of the points that he raises.
In response to the specific methodological query as to why we only adjusted for age in our multivariable analyses: as in previous Natsal publications (see www.natsal.ac.uk), our rationale was guided by a priori consideration of variables likely to be confounders. While we explored adjusting for other variables (including partnership status), doing so made little or no difference to the patterns or strength of associations observed when we adjusted for age alone.
Given two different depression outcomes, with different time periods, there were obviously several options for grouping participants in our study, and our approach selected groups that we judged to be readily identifiable in a clinical setting. We refer to Figure 1 in the paper, showing that around one in three men and women in the treated group had depressive symptoms, which may clear up some misunderstanding by Mr Islam about the allocation of individuals to the different groups. It would be overly simplistic to assume individuals reporting treatment for depression but not scoring highly on the PHQ-2 were 'cured', and combining these groups would complicate interpretation. We believe that our approach adds value by showing that there are individuals in the population reporting depressive symptoms but who have not been treated recently for depression, and that this group has similar sexual health characteristics to those recently treated for depression.
Importantly, our work does not aim to demonstrate causality, which cannot be established by a cross-sectional study. Instead, the stated objective of our paper is to consider how depression is associated with reporting key sexual behaviours and sexual health outcomes, for which it is well-established that there are differences in men and women,(4) and different 'sexual scripts' that shape these behaviours.(5) As in other Natsal analyses, we stratified by sex, which is a potential effect modifier, and present all analyses separately for men and women, which also reflects observed differences in the prevalence of depression.
Finally, Mr Islam was concerned about the age-range of participants included in the analysis, which draws attention to a strength of our study. In Natsal-3, around 60% of men and over 40% of women aged 65-74 years old reported at least one sexual partner in the past year,(4) which highlights the relevance of including older people when considering associations with a chronic health condition such as depression, which is common in older age.
1. Field, N. et al. Are depression and poor sexual health neglected comorbidities? Evidence from a population sample. BMJ Open 6, e010521 (2016).
2. Erens, B. et al. Methodology of the third British National Survey of Sexual Attitudes and Lifestyles (Natsal-3). Sex. Transm. Infect. 90, 84 -89 (2014).
3. Erens, B., Phelps, A. & Clifton, S. The third National Survey of Sexual Attitudes and Lifestyles (Natsal-3): Technical report. National Centre for Social Research, 2013. (2013).
4. Mercer, C. H. et al. Changes in sexual attitudes and lifestyles in Britain through the life course and over time: findings from the National Surveys of Sexual Attitudes and Lifestyles (Natsal). Lancet Lond. Engl. 382, 1781-1794 (2013).
5. Simon, W. & Gagnon, J. H. Sexual scripts: permanence and change. Arch. Sex. Behav. 15, 97-120 (1986).
Conflict of Interest:
None declared
Statins do prevent heart attacks and strokes in the elderly
Ravnskov and colleagues conclude that their analysis of observational data requires "re-evaluation of guidelines recommending pharmacological reduction of LDL-C in the elderly as a component of cardiovascular disease prevention strategies." [1] I disagree, because the guidelines they challenge were based on large, randomized, placebo-controlled, double-blinded prospective interventional trials, higher-quality studies yielding more convincing data than the observational studies examined by Ravnskov. Statisticians warn us that observational data can only demonstrate associations, not causality, and should only be used for hypothesis generation, not for treatment decisions. [2]
A meta-analysis of eight high-quality trials, including over 24,000 subjects with average age 73 years, was performed by Savarese and colleagues in 2013, which proved that elderly patients with CV risk factors but without established cardiovascular (CV) disease actually do benefit from statin therapy. [3] Statin therapy significantly reduced heart attacks by over 39%, and reduced strokes by over 23%, and non-significantly reduced all-cause mortality by 5.9%, and CV mortality by 9.3%. Mortality trends did not reach significance likely due to early termination of studies, required by the significant reductions in non-fatal CV events, among other reasons.
Elderly patients with CV risk factors do benefit from pharmacologic reduction of LDL-C, and they should not discontinue statin therapy on the basis of this study alone. This study is based on observational data, of inferior quality to the data on which the treatment guidelines are based.
1. Ravnskov U, et al. Lack of an association or an inverse association between low-density-lipoprotein cholesterol and mortality in the elderly: a systematic review. BMJ Open, 2016 Jun 12;6(6):e010401.
2. Hannan EL. Randomized clinical trials and observational studies: guidelines for assessing respective strengths and limitations. JACC Cardiovasc Interv, 2008 Jun;1(3):211-7.
3. Savarese G, et al. Benefits of statins in elderly subjects without established cardiovascular disease: a meta-analysis. J Am Coll Cardiol, 2013 Dec 3;62(22):2090-9.
Conflict of Interest:
None declared
Consumer concerns about paracetamol: a retrospective analysis of a medicines call centre
The study," Consumer concerns about paracetamol: a retrospective analysis of a medicines call centre" conducted by Lau et al highlights the importance of dissemination of drug information to the general public which I found to be very interesting and informative. The use of both quantitative and narrative analysis allows one to appreciate not only the inadequate information and comparatively high usage of paracetamol but also the specific concerns expressed by the consumers. Most of the paracetamol calls were related to inadequate information at various stages of the life cycle: the child, the elderly, pregnancy and lactation. A significantly high proportion of the callers were also concerned about the safety of the drug. Even though this research was conducted in Australia, the findings concerning paracetamol could be very applicable to consumers in other territories where this product is sold. The findings would suggest that in general, the public is desirous of reliable, easily accessible and readily understood information. However, there is a gap between knowledge/information and its availability and usefulness to the consumer.
Napoles (2011) underscores the importance of planned implementation of strategies for effective knowledge translation that would allow for movement through the action cycle (Graham, 2006) Whereas regulating OTC medications to prescription only drugs may be somewhat restrictive, I do support the notion of confining OTC drugs to only pharmacies where the controlled environment allows for close contact with the pharmacist and easier access to reliable information. I certainly endorse the standardization of patient information provided by the patient leaflets and I think this should be applied to all OTC medications. Drug companies should be mandated to provide basic relevant information for all OTC medications regardless of the country of distribution.
1. Graham ID1, Logan J, Harrison MB, Straus SE, Tetroe J, Caswell W, Robinson N. Lost in knowledge translation: time for a map? J Contin Educ Health Prof, 2006;26(1):13-24.
2. Ann Maria Napoles, Jasmine Santoyo-Olsson, Anita Stewart. Methods of Translating Evidence-Based Behavioral Interventions for Health-Disparity Communities. Prev Chronic Dis, 2013;10:130133.
Conflict of Interest:
None declared
Re:Reply to: BMJ Open - Conflict of interest between professional medical societies and industry: a cross sectional study of Italian medical societies' websites
We would like to thank Franco Vimercati and Francesco Macri for pointing out an imprecision in our paper with regard to the Law Decree approved by the Ministry of Health in 2004 and revoked by the Constitutional Court in 2006. We have already asked BMJ Open to publish an errata corrige which will be online soon.
Moreover, since the aim of our paper is to stimulate a reflection on the relationship between medical societies and industry, we highly appreciate FISM readiness to share the work the Federation is doing on this issue.
Conflict of Interest:
None declared
Factors contributing to delay of cancer among Aboriginal People in Australia: a qualitative study
Dear Editor, I am writing in reference to an article written by Shahid S, Teng T-HK, Bessarab, D, et al. "Factors contributing to delay of cancer among Aboriginal People in Australia: a qualitative study". BMJ Open 2016;6:e010909 doi:10.1136/bmjopen-2015-010909. What I found very interesting about this research is that the findings of this study revealed multi-factorial contributory issues that exist for this population. By using a qualitative design you were able to capture the context of the behavior and the experience that exist to better under their diagnostic delay among this population. The greater challenge moving forward, I believe, is to use knowledge translation to strength health systems through policy change etc. in order to improve the health of this population (Straus, Tetroe, & Graham, 2009) thereby closing the gap of the health disparity. I look forward prospective research on this population.
Ingrid Gibson-Mobley Assistant Professor The College of The Bahamas
Reference Straus, S. E., Tetroe, J., & Graham, I. (2009). Defining knowledge translation. CMAJ?: Canadian Medical Association Journal, 181(3-4), 165- 168. http://doi.org/10.1503/cmaj.081229
Conflict of Interest:
None declared
Gender Plays a role in Hypertension Prevalence
Dear Editor
I write in reference the article, Prevalence, awareness, treatment and control of hypertension in a self-selected Sub-Saharan African Urban Population: a cross-sectional study (2012). Although hypertension is a major health problem in the Caribbean findings of the article showed men to be at greater risk for the development of cardiovascular diseases. I would like to raise the point that women still have significant risk for hypertension and that the outcomes for women may be more severe given the inequities on roles and access to services that exist between men and women, particularly in low- and middle-income countries. According to the American Heart Association (2016), each year more women than men suffer and die from cardiovascular complications such as stroke. In my own work, I also found Bahamian women to be at greater risk than men for the development of complications due to hypertension and that their status in society was likely a contributing factor. Gender roles held by Caribbean women results in women bearing a greater burden in balancing careers, childbearing, and placing the needs of their family above their own. As a result, many women with hypertension may not access treatment until into the late stages of cardiovascular symptoms development. Additionally, women have other risk factors for hypertension that men don't, including the use of birth control pills, pregnancy, history of preeclampsia/eclampsia or gestational diabetes, oral contraceptive use, smoking, and post-menopausal hormone therapy. A stratified analysis of the risk factors by gender in the study by Dzudie and colleagues, therefore, would have been more informative, such that predictors for men and women would have been identified separately. Data such as this would provide greater insight into the predictive factors and aid in the advancement to prevent, better manage and reduce morbidity and mortality due to hypertension in both men and women of African Heritage living in low- and middle-income countries.
Elizabeth J. Williams Assistant Professor The College of The Bahamas
Conflict of Interest:
None declared
Medical writing support plays an important role in raising the quality of clinical trial reporting
We thank Tom Lang for his interest in our paper (Professional medical writing support and the quality of randomised controlled trial reporting: a cross-sectional study) [1,2]. We are pleased that Mr Lang agrees with us on the need for serious research into the value of medical writing. Our study used robust methodology to address exactly that. We applied independent and well-accepted measures to assess the quality of reporting (CONSORT adherence and peer-reviewer assessment) in all eligible articles with declared medical writing support (and control articles without such support) in the first and largest open-access journal publisher. We believe that our study provides the best available evidence of the value of declared medical writing support, by showing how it improves both the completeness and quality of reporting of medical research.
On the basis of his experience, Mr Lang states that medical writing is most often provided by in-house medical writers employed by the sponsor company. In our study, however, affiliation of writing support to the sponsor company alone was acknowledged in only 20% of cases (22/110 articles). The majority of articles acknowledged medical writers from an external communications agency (52.7%, 58/110 articles). In a small number of articles, acknowledgement was to medical writers from both an agency and the sponsor (4.5%, 5/110 articles) or to a freelance medical writer (5.5%, 6/110); the affiliation of the medical writer was not stated in 17.3% of cases (19/110 articles). Our data show that the proportion of completely reported CONSORT items was similar in the 22 articles with only in-house medical writing support (43.8% of items) and the 88 articles written with the involvement of publication professionals with other affiliations (42.1% of items).
Mr Lang also argues that the improved quality of reporting seen in articles prepared with medical writing support may result from the involvement of the sponsors of such support, rather than the medical writers themselves. However, among articles without medical writing support, industry-funded articles were no more likely to report at least 50% of studied CONSORT items completely than non- or part-industry-funded articles (17.9% vs 22.6%, p = not significant) [3]. Furthermore, among industry-funded articles, those with acknowledged medical writer support were more likely to report at least 50% of studied items completely than those without such support (38.0% vs 17.9%, p < 0.05). Taken together, our results are consistent with the idea that it is medical writing support rather than industry involvement that improves the quality of reporting.
CONSORT is the longest established and most widely accepted reporting guideline [4], and one of us was an author of the most recent update [5]. Arguably, not all CONSORT criteria are equally important. Medical writing support was associated with marked improvements in reporting of clearly important criteria such as specification of the primary outcome and sample size calculation, and inclusion of a participant flow diagram and details of trial registration (all reported in over 50% of articles with medical writing support). In fact, a participant flow diagram was included in 65% of articles with medical writing support and 33% of those without such support, rather than the 40% and 32% calculated by Mr Lang.
Mr Lang argues that, because articles without medical writing support were smaller on average than those with such support, they may be less likely to report a sample size calculation, method of stratification and so on, for the simple reason that a sample size calculation and stratification are less likely to have been conducted for small studies. We agree that this is a possibility worth excluding. We have taken the median number of patients in studies written up without medical writing support (n = 43) to be the upper limit for a study to be considered small. Then, focusing solely on these small studies, we have found that the proportion of articles reporting at least 50% of items completely was 21.7% (n = 23) for articles with medical writing support compared with 6.5% (n = 62) for articles without such support. Thus, with the caveat that post hoc analyses must be interpreted with caution, involvement of professional medical writing support is still associated with a higher percentage of complete reporting in small studies.
As Mr Lang points out, there is room for improvement in compliance with CONSORT criteria, even in articles prepared with medical writing support. Therefore, it is encouraging that, as shown in the supplementary material to our original article (http://bmjopen.bmj.com/content/suppl/2016/02/17/bmjopen-2015- 010329.DC1/bmjopen-2015-010329supp_figures.pdf), CONSORT adherence in articles with medical writing support appears to be increasing. We believe that education and training provided by bodies such as the International Society for Medical Publication Professionals (ISMPP), the European Medical Writers Association (EMWA), the American Medical Writers Association (AMWA) and the EQUATOR Network, and by individual medical communications agencies and journals [6] will improve the standards of reporting further, to the benefit of researchers, clinicians and, ultimately, patients.
We conclude that medical writing support plays an important role in raising the quality of clinical trial reporting. As with any observational study, causality cannot be definitively established, but there are good reasons to believe that professional medical writing support has an important role to play in improving the quality of reporting of randomized clinical trials.
1. Gattrell WT, Hopewell S, Young K, et al. Professional medical writing support and the quality of randomised controlled trial reporting: a cross-sectional study. BMJ Open 2016;6:e010329. doi:10.1136/bmjopen-2015 -010329.
2. Lang T. Response to Gattrell et al. Professional medical writing support and the quality of randomised controlled trial reporting: a cross- sectional study. BMJ Open 2016; 1 April.
3. Gattrell W, Hopewell S, Young K, et al. Professional medical writing support improves the quality of reporting of randomized controlled trials. Curr Med Res Opin 2015;31(S9):S20 [poster 36]. Presented at the 11th Annual Meeting of the International Society for Medical Publication Professionals, 27-29 April 2015. Available from: http://www.eposters2u.com/349587 (Accessed 29 April 2015).
4. Altman DG, Simera I. A history of the evolution of guidelines for reporting medical research: the long road to the EQUATOR Network. JLL Bulletin: Commentaries on the history of treatment evaluation 2015. Available from: http://www.jameslindlibrary.org/articles/a-history-of-the- evolution-of-guidelines-for-reporting-medical-research-the-long-road-to- the-equator-network/ (Accessed 25 May 2016).
5. Schulz KF, Altman DG, Moher D, for the CONSORT Group. CONSORT 2010 Statement: updated guidelines for reporting parallel group randomised trials. BMJ 2010;340:c332.
6. Turner L, Shamseer L, Altman DG, et al. Does use of the CONSORT Statement impact the completeness of reporting of randomised controlled trials published in medical journals? A Cochrane review. Systematic Reviews 2012;1:60. doi:10.1186/2046-4053-1-60.
Conflict of Interest:
Competing interests: PF, RW and CCW are medical communication professionals employed by Oxford PharmaGenesis. WTG and KY are former employees of Oxford PharmaGenesis. PF, RW and CCW are shareholders of Oxford PharmaGenesis. CCW holds shares in AstraZeneca and Shire Pharmaceuticals. SH is a member of the CONSORT group. EW is the owner of Sideview, which provides training and consultancy in medical writing, and has previously worked as a medical writer.
Re: Association between employment status change and depression in Korean adults
Response to the article titled: Association between employment status change and depression in Korean adults. March 1, 2016
This study sought to determine the effects of employment status on the mental health, specifically depression, of Korean adults who were permanently employed, precariously employed and unemployed. It was a 5 year longitudinal study which used data collected from the Korean Welfare Panel Study. The findings of the study showed that change in employment status from being permanently employed to precariously employed or unemployed increased the risk of depressive symptoms especially in men and women who are head of households.
I found the study very relevant and I appreciated the comparisons made between the various changes in employment status (i.e. permanent employment to precarious employment or permanent employment to unemployment) and depression. I particularly liked that sub group analyses by gender and head of household were conducted. I would be really interested in seeing a similar study done in my own country, Jamaica, where mental illness remains understudied and female-headed households account for almost half of all households. I believe that this study adds to the knowledge base, and it is an important area to study, although as mentioned in the article is not the first of its kind.
Depression has been highlighted as a common disorder globally and is the leading cause of disability in terms of total years lost due to disability. It is also noted that this illness presents a public health issue which will affect the socio-economics of a country (WHO, 2012). As such I felt that the article may have been strengthened if the authors had gone further in the discussion to examine the implications that may arise if the problem of negative changes in employment status is not dealt with. The article mentions that policymakers should consider gender and head of household status for creating welfare policies; but what about considering the overall impact of the problem on the society.
Marcus, M., Yasamy, M. T., van Ommeren, M., Chisholm, D., & Saxena, S. (2012). Depression: A Global Public Health Concern. WHO department of Mental Health and Substance Abuse
Shatha Richards (Miss) Email: email@example.com
Conflict of Interest:
None declared
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Refugee fair offers help and hope
By Zachary Halaschak, Special to the Citizen 07/01/2016 Features
From a distance, you can't tell that Ahmed Oudah is actually blind in both eyes and needs assistance to move around.
He wasn't born that way; rather, his eyesight was taken from him when an IED detonated outside of a court building in Baghdad, shattering both his vision and his sense of security. Since that day, Oudah has worked tirelessly to provide a safe and happy future for his family. He finally found that security by applying as a refugee and immigrating to Henrico County.
Although thankful to be out of Iraq, life for Oudah still is very difficult in U.S. As a middle-aged, blind refugee who speaks only limited English, finding work and becoming integrated into the community has been a challenge. > Read more.
West End house fire displaces two residents
Citizen Staff Reports 07/01/2016 Henrico Crime
JUNE 30 – A mid-day house fire in Henrico's Far West End Thursday displaced two residents, but no one was injured. At approximately 2:45 p.m., Henrico Fire units were called to the 10700 block of New Trail Court, off Springfield Road. Units arrived within 5 minutes to find flames coming from the roof of a two-story home in the 10700 block of New Trail Court.
First arriving units forced their way into the home, where they advanced hose lines to the second floor. Firefighters pulled the second-floor ceiling down in order to gain access to the fire. At the same time, personnel from the ladder truck completed a search and discovered that no one was home at the time of the incident. > Read more.
Business in brief
Citizen Staff Reports 06/30/2016 Henrico Business
Cushman & Wakefield | Thalhimer recently reported the following lease transactions in Henrico County: EVB – leased 18,885 SF in Highwoods I at 10900 Nuckols Rd.; Dana Gibson Inc. – leased 8,962 SF at 1601 Roseneath Rd.; and Lee Nails & Spa – leased 1,620 SF in Nuckols Place at 5400 Wyndham Forest Dr. > Read more.
Thousands of people commemorated Memorial Day at the fifth annual American Legion Post 242 Sandston Memorial Day Parade Monday. A group of veterans (right) traveled along the parade path by horse and carriage. > Read more.
Henrico to test community alert system June 4
Citizen Staff Reports 05/28/2013 Henrico Government
Henrico County will test its community alert system Tuesday, June 4, by sending a message to nearly 157,000 landline phones and to more than 3,500 email addresses and wireless devices that are registered with the system.
The test of the Community Emergency Notification System is planned ahead of the 2013 hurricane season and is expected to have minimal impact on residents and businesses. They will not need to answer the calls or respond to the messages that are left on their answering machines or received as emails or text alerts. > Read more.
New Huguenot Bridge to open May 28
Citizen Staff Reports 05/24/2013 Transportation
The Virginia Department of Transportation (VDOT) expects the remaining half of the new Huguenot Memorial Bridge to open to all traffic Tuesday, May 28, weather permitting. The opening would come three months ahead of schedule, according to VDOT officials.
The new bridge is wider than the old bridge and includes one 12-foot travel lane and one 10-foot shoulder in each direction. The wider shoulders will function as both an emergency breakdown lane and an area for cyclists to safely use the bridge. In addition, there will be a 5-foot wide sidewalk on each side for pedestrians.
"The contractor, localities and VDOT have been committed since day one to keep this project on schedule," said District Administrator Tom Hawthorne. "We're pleased those efforts have resulted in the bridge opening three months ahead of schedule." > Read more.
Page 489 of 1159 pages ‹ First < 487 488 489 490 491 > Last ›
Henrico wins National Association of Counties awards for 28 programs
Citizen's Kruszewski wins 2 national awards
Training for homeless youth featured at workshop
CVWMA to begin accepting more varieties of bottles, containers, cartons
Virginia man arrested with gun at RIC checkpoint
- More News
Print Edition
Jun. 16, 2016Click here to read the print edition or see the archive.
Weekend Top 10
Muse Paintbar opens at Willow Lawn
- More Entertainment
Obituary – Ruth "Nanny" B. Ellis
Obituary – Ansuya Henry Solanky
Obituary – Erich Michael Nicholas Hibbard
- More Obituaries
County plans Fourth of July event
Tuckahoe YMCA to host Refugee Community Resource Fair
Short Pump Park grand opening planned June 25
- More Community
'Good old days' were good – for some
Of character and parenting
Opinion: Rename school for late Henrico officer
- More Opinions
Varina HS to host Basketball Skill Development Academy June 20-23
Strawberry visits Tuckahoe Little League
- More Sports
County plans Fourth of July event
Henrico County Recreation and Parks will present "Red, White, and Lights" at Meadow Farm Museum/Crump Park July 4.
Henrico County has hosted a Fourth of July celebration annually since 1981, but this year's event will offer a later start time and expanded hours and be highlighted by new entertainment.
The free event will begin at 4:30 p.m. and will feature the Richmond Symphony, a laser-light show, patriotic performances, and family activities. > Read more.
Tuckahoe YMCA to host Refugee Community Resource Fair
The Tuckahoe Family YMCA and ReEstablish Richmond will host the third-annual Refugee Community Resource Fair Saturday, June 18, from 10 a.m. to noon at the YMCA, 9211 Patterson Avenue in Henrico. The event is designed to provide refugees in the region information about jobs, local businesses, housing, health care, education and more.
As part of its strategic plan, the YMCA of Greater Richmond works to identify, address and eliminate economic, geographic and cultural barriers. > Read more.
Weekend Top 10
Celebrate Independence Day in Henrico! The county's annual event is new and improved this year with a later start time, expanded hours and new entertainment, including the Richmond Symphony and a laser light show. Lewis Ginter is also offering free admission all day. On Saturday, check out the first annual Innsbrook Taste of Virginia, the family movie at Varina Library or Anthony Snape and special guest Jess Labus at The Tin Pan. For all our top picks this weekend, click here! > Read more.
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CalendarLewis Ginter Botanical Garden, 1800 Lakeside Ave., will present Flowers After 5 on Thursday evenings through September. Stroll through the gardens, enjoy live music from The FREE Rangers, family activities,… Full text

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Brent Hinds: New Mastodon Disc 'Shaping Up to Be a Double Album'
Mastodon guitarist Brent Hinds has revealed that Mastodon are possibly looking at a double album as the successor to 'Once More 'Round the Sun.'
Of Mice & Men Release 'Cold World' Album Details + 'Pain' Music Video
Of Mice & Men have revealed the details for the fourth album, 'Cold World,' and have released a music video for the new song 'Pain.'
Epica Announce 2016 North American Tour With Fleshgod Apocalypse + More
Epica will be touring North America in late 2016 with Fleshgod Apocalypse, Arkona and the Agonist. See a full list of dates inside.
Motley Crue's Mick Mars Jams Led Zeppelin, Jimi Hendrix Hits in Nashville
Motley Crue guitarist Mick Mars stepped onstage to perform hits from Led Zeppelin and Jimi Hendrix in Nashville, Tenn.
Watch Rainbow Perform Deep Purple's 'Burn' and 'Soldier of Fortune' in England
Performing their final scheduled show, Rainbow added two MK III Deep Purple classics to their setlist: 'Burn' and 'Soldier of Fortune.'
Max + Igor Cavalera Perform Sepultura's 'Roots' for 20th Anniversary
Max and Igor Cavalera performed Sepultura's 'Roots' in its entirety at the Amnesia Rock Festival and footage of the album opener has surfaced.
Metallica's Robert Trujillo Joined James Hetfield in Vocal Booth for First Time
For the first time, Robert Trujillo joined James Hetfield in the vocal booth to record backing vocals for the new Metallica album.
Megadeth's David Ellefson Launches 'Kenya Thrash' Signature Coffee Roast
David Ellefson's coffee company has launched its second roast, 'Kenya Thrash,' following up the popular debut of 'Roast in Peace.'
Periphery Release New Song 'Flatline'
Periphery have released the energetic new song 'Flatline' off their forthcoming album, 'Periphery III: Select Difficulty.'
Whitechapel Call Out Haters in 'Elitist Ones' Music Video
Whitechapel have released a music video for 'Elitist Ones' off their new album, 'Mark of the Blade.'


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text:
|Publication number
|Publication type
|Application number
|Publication date
|Feb 8, 1994
|Filing date
|Sep 18, 1992
|Priority date
|Sep 18, 1992
|Fee status
|Also published as
|Publication number
|John M. Loeffler, George A. Willford
|Original Assignee
|Dana Corporation
|Export Citation
|BiBTeX, EndNote, RefMan
|Patent Citations (6), Referenced by (10), Classifications (9), Legal Events (6)
|External Links: USPTO, USPTO Assignment, Espacenet
1. Field of the Invention
The invention relates generally to a transmission lockout device and, more particularly, to a removable overdrive lockout device for a range shift type vehicle transmission.
2. Summary of Related Art
Vehicle transmissions, especially those intended for use in heavy equipment, such as trucks and tractors, often include plural multiple gear selecting devices which are mechanically connected. For example, a five forward speed main gear reduction section may be combined with a two speed range gear reduction section providing a low range and a high range. The resulting combination provides ten forward speeds or gear ratios.
In such transmissions, generally known as range shift type transmissions, it is frequently necessary to prevent operation of the transmission in a given combination of gear ratios due to intrinsic design or extrinsic application considerations. It thus may be necessary to positively preclude shifting such a transmission into certain combinations of gear ratios. For example, in a transmission having five forward gear ratios supplemented by a high/low range selection feature, it may be desirable to prevent simultaneous engagement of the fifth gear of the main section and the high range of the range section. This is especially so where the transmission includes a 10th gear overdrive. Any means which will prohibit such a given selection must, of course, not effect the selection of any other gear ratio.
Lockout devices which perform a similar function have been utilized previously on splitter type transmissions. Such lockout devices are comprised of an auxiliary shift rail and lockout pin which mechanically inhibit selection of certain gear ratio combinations. These devices are totally enclosed within the transmission housing and can not be removed or rendered inoperable without disassembling the entire transmission. This is disadvantageous in that original purchasers of trucks typically desire a direct drive transmission to keep highway speeds down and thereby increase economy. On the other hand, many second owners appear to value performance above economy and, therefore, would prefer a truck having a transmission provided with a 10th gear overdrive. Should the original owner desire to remove or render inoperable such a lockout device to increase the resale value of the truck, it would be necessary to disassemble the transmission and remove the lockout device.
The present invention relates to a gear combination lockout device for a range shift type transmission having a main gear section and a range gear section disposed within a housing. The main gear section includes a first gear ratio selection means for effecting at least two distinct gear drive ratios, and further includes at least one axially translatable shift rail associated with the first gear selection means. The range gear section includes a second gear selection means for effecting at least two distinct gear drive ratios to selectively multiply the gear ratio provided by the main section. The second gear selection means includes an actuator.
A lockout device, provided for inhibiting the selection of certain gear combinations, comprises an actuation member mounted to the housing. A rod disposed within the actuation member is selectively translatable between a retracted position and an extended position by activation of the actuation member. The rod extends through an aperture in the housing in its extended position. A means is provided for activating the actuation member of the lockout device substantially simultaneously with the activation of the actuator means of the second gear selection means. The device is further provided with an engagement means on one of the shift rails associated with the first gear selection means, and the actuation member is positioned on the housing so that the rod engages the engagement means when the rod is in its extended position.
The novel lockout device of the present invention thereby provides a means of selectively preventing or allowing certain gear combinations. Furthermore, the lockout device, being of a relatively simple construction and external to the transmission housing, is easily removed or rendered inoperative depending on the application considerations and needs of the vehicle owner.
The above, as well as other advantages of the present invention, will become readily apparent to those skilled in the art from the following detailed description of a preferred embodiment when considered in the light of the accompanying drawing Figures, wherein:
FIG. 1 is a side elevational view of a lockout mechanism in accordance with the present invention as incorporated in a range shift type transmission;
FIG. 2 is a schematic view of the lockout mechanism of the invention connected to a range shift type transmission; and
FIG. 3 is a longitudinal sectional view of one embodiment of the actuation member of the lockout mechanism of the invention.
The transmission assembly 8 incorporating the lockout mechanism of the present invention is illustrated schematically in FIG. 2 and will include at least two gear ratio selecting devices in tandem. The main gear reduction section 9 provides a plurality of gear ratios through gears on at least one countershaft which mesh with gears on a main shaft disposed parallel to the countershaft. In addition, the range section 11 selectively multiplies the gear ratio provided by the main section with at least one range countershaft driven from the main shaft. An output shaft is driven directly by the main shaft when in one range, and through the range countershaft when in the other range.
The main shaft of the transmission is generally provided with external splines which engage corresponding internal splines on a plurality of clutch collars, allowing relative axial motion between the clutch collars and the main shaft while preventing relative rotation therebetween. The clutch collars have external splines which selectively engage internal splines on the associated main shaft gears. Selective engagement of only one of the clutch collars with one of its adjacent main shaft gears is effected by a first gear selection means 13, such as the conventional means of a shift fork secured to one of a plurality of shift rails disposed generally parallel to the main shaft. The shift fork, in response to the sliding movement of the associated shift rail, engages the associated clutch collar and moves the clutch collar in either direction along the axis of the main shaft to engage one of the adjacent main shaft gears.
In the range section of the transmission, there is at least one range countershaft driven from the main shaft. The transmission output shaft is generally externally splined to cooperate with internal splines on a range clutch collar for rotation of the range clutch collar with the output shaft. The range clutch collar has splines for selective engagement with a high range output clutch gear when the clutch collar is moved in one axial direction, or engagement with a low range output clutch gear when the clutch collar is moved in the opposite axial direction. The range clutch collar is positioned by a a second gear selection means 15, such as a suitable shift fork secured to a range shift rail. The range shift rail is driven between first and second axial positions by a fluid actuator assembly 17.
The range section fluid actuator assembly generally includes an air-driven, two-position piston disposed within a cylinder. Fluid, typically air, is continually supplied to one or the other of the sides of the piston in the fluid actuator assembly by means of a range shift valve having a high range air supply line and a low range air supply line.
Referring now to FIG. 1, there is illustrated a removable overdrive lockout mechanism 10 in accordance with the present invention as incorporated into a vehicle range shift type transmission, having the input or head end of the transmission to the left as shown in the drawing. The design of the transmission, exclusive of the lockout mechanism 10, is well known and has not been shown in detail in the drawings. The lockout mechanism 10 may be incorporated into any known range shift type transmission, such as that disclosed in my U.S. Pat. No. 4,805,471 entitled MULTI-SPEED TRANSMISSION, the same being incorporated by reference herein.
A range shift valve 12 is provided with an inlet air supply 14, and high range and low range air supply outlets 16 and 18, respectively. The air supply outlets 16, 18 are connected to opposite ends of the air driven, two position piston (not shown) via high range air line 20 and low range air line 22, respectively. The range shift valve 12 is controlled by an auxiliary shift control (not shown) operated by the driver of the vehicle.
To effect a range shift, for example from low range to high range, the driver operates the auxiliary shift control which activates the range shift valve 12 to supply air to the high range side of the piston in the fluid actuator assembly via the high range air line 20. At the same time, the air is exhausted from the low range side of the piston in the fluid actuator assembly via the low range air line 22. The fluid actuator assembly thus connects the output shaft to the main shaft as hereinabove described by movement of the range shift rail, the associated range shift fork, and the range clutch collar to engage the high range.
The lockout mechanism 10 more particularly comprises an actuation member 24, such as an air cylinder having a cylindrical housing 26 within which is disposed a piston 25 affixed to an axially extendable cylinder rod 28. The rod 28 is selectively axially extendable out of the air cylinder 24 through a hollow, cylindrical nipple 30 at one end of the housing 26. The rod 28 is normally retracted within the housing 26 by a suitable biasing means, such as for example a coil spring 27.
The air cylinder 24 is provided with a fluid inlet 36 at or near the end of the housing 26 opposite the nipple 30. The fluid inlet 36 is connected to the high range air supply outlet 16 of the range shift valve 12 via an air cylinder air line 38. As shown in the drawing, the high range air supply outlet 16 of the range shift valve 12 is provided with a T-shaped fitting 40 to which both the high range air line 20 and the air cylinder air line 38 are connected. It will be appreciated that the air cylinder air line 38 could as well be connected to the high range air line 20 at some other point along its length.
Obviously, the rod 28 may alternatively be normally urged to its extended position by suitable biasing means. The fluid inlet 36 would then be positioned at the opposite end of the air cylinder 24, and would be connected to the low range air supply outlet 18 of the range shift valve 12 via the air cylinder air line. The rod 28 would be forced to its retracted position when a shift to low range was executed.
It will also be appreciated that the actuation member 24 of the lockout device may alternatively be an electrical solenoid connected to a suitable power supply. Where the range shift valve 12 is air activated, the solenoid could be electrically interconnected to a pressure sensor and switch unit in communication with high range air line 20. If the range shift valve 12 were electrically activated, the solenoid could be electrically interconnected with the switch for the range shift valve 12.
The nipple 30 of the air cylinder 24 is preferably provided with external threads which are threaded into a tapped hole 42 provided in the transmission housing 44 for the main gear section of the transmission. The tapped hole 42 is positioned in the housing 44 so that its axis, and therefore the rod 28 in its extended position, intersects the shift rail associated with the particular gear to be rendered inoperative by the lockout mechanism. A shift rail 46, commonly known as the 4th/5th shift rail, is illustrated in the drawing and is slidably mounted in a bar support 48. The shift rail 46 is similarly supported near its other end by a support not shown. One end of a shift fork 50 is connected to the shift rail 46, while the other end of the shift fork 50 is provided with a pair of shoes 51 (only one of which is shown in the drawing figure) which engages a slot 52 in the clutch collar 53 in the known manner. As is conventional, the clutch collar 53 is provided with external splines 54 for selective engagement with internal splines (not shown) of gears 56 and 58. As illustrated in the drawing, the gear 56 acts as the 4th forward gear in low range and the 9th direct drive, forward gear in high range. The gear 58 acts as the 5th forward gear in low range and as a 10th overdrive gear in high range.
At a point intermediate its two ends, the shift fork 50 is also pivotally mounted to a support bracket 62 by means of a pivot pin 64. The support bracket 62 and the bar support 48 are both suitably secured to the adjacent portion of the transmission housing (not shown). As the shift rail 46 is moved to the left in the drawing, typically by means of driver operation of a conventional shift lever (not shown), the shift fork 50 pivots about the pivot pin 64 to move the clutch collar 53 to the right to engage gear 58. Likewise, when the shift rail 46 is moved to the right in the drawing, the shift fork 50 pivots about the pivot pin 60 to move the clutch collar 53 to the left to engage gear 56.
The shift rail 46 is provided with a means for engaging the rod 28 when the rod 28 is in its extended position. Preferably, the shift rail 46 is provided with a notch or recess 66 within which the rod 28 is received when in its extended position as shown in the drawing. The shift rail 46 may alternatively be provided with a stop extending towards the air cylinder 24 or other suitable means for engaging the extended rod 28.
The notch 66 is positioned on the shift rail 46 so that, with the rod 28 in its extended position, the shift rail 46 is free to move in one direction, but is restrained from movement in the opposite direction. In the drawing, the shift rail 46 and shift fork 50 are shown in the neutral position, with the rod 28 fully extended and in engagement with the end of the notch 66 on the right as seen in the drawing. The shift rail 46 is mechanically restrained by the extended rod 28 from moving any further to the left. Thus, with the rod 28 fully extended, the shift rail 46, shift fork 50, and clutch collar 53 cannot be moved so as to engage the gear 58. The notch 66 is so positioned, and is of sufficient length, that the shift rail 46 is free to operate in its full range of motion in the opposite direction. Clearly, the notch 66 must be formed such that the shift rail 46 may be moved to its neutral position. This allows the movement of the shift rail 46, shift fork 50, and clutch collar 53 to engage the gear 56, even with the rod 28 fully extended.
Since the fluid inlet 36 is connected to the high range air supply outlet 16 of the range shift valve 12, air is supplied to the air cylinder 24 whenever air is supplied to the high range side of the piston in the fluid actuator assembly via the high range air line 20. Therefore, whenever the range section of the transmission is shifted from low range to high range, air is simultaneously supplied to the air cylinder 24 sufficient to overcome the force of the biasing means and urge the rod 28 to its fully extended position. Similarly, whenever the range section of the transmission is shifted from high range to low range, air is simultaneously exhausted from the air cylinder 24 and the rod 28 is retracted by the force of the biasing means.
In operation, the rod 28 is maintained in its retracted position while the transmission is in low range, allowing the shift rail 46 to move freely in either direction to selectively engage either gear 56 (4th gear) or gear 58 (5th gear). When the driver shifts the range gear section into the high range, the air cylinder 24 is activated and the rod 28 is extended into the notch 66 in the shift rail 46. In high range, the shift rail 46 remains free to move in one direction to selectively engage gear 56 (9th direct drive gear), but is restrained from moving in the opposite direction to engage gear 58 (10th overdrive gear). The 10th overdrive gear (5th gear, high range combination) is thereby locked out while the remaining gear combinations are unaffected.
Furthermore, the lockout mechanism of the present invention is easily removable or rendered inoperable to allow operation of any of the possible gear combinations. The air cylinder 24 may be unscrewed from the tapped hole 42 and an externally threaded plug (not shown) inserted in its place. The air cylinder air line 38 may be removed from the T fitting 40, and the T fitting plugged or simply replaced with an L-shaped fitting. Alternatively, the lockout mechanism may be simply rendered inoperative by blocking or disconnecting the air cylinder air line 38 in any suitable manner.
In accordance with the provisions of the patent statutes, the present invention has been described in what is considered to represent its preferred embodiment. However, it should be noted that the invention can be practiced otherwise than as specifically illustrated and described without departing from its spirit or scope. Thus, for example, it should be apparent that the present invention is not limited to utilization with merely the transmission disclosed. Rather, a transmission utilizing greater or lesser numbers of gear reduction ratios may incorporate the present invention to prohibit engagement into specific combinations of gear ratios. Multiple lockout mechanisms according to the present invention may, of course, also be utilized within a given transmission.
|Cited Patent
|Filing date
|Publication date
|Jul 14, 1951
|Oct 6, 1953
|Fuller Mfg Co
|Shift control for auxiliary transmissions
|Jun 10, 1963
|Jan 18, 1966
|Dana Corp
|Shifting mechanism
|Mar 24, 1965
|Dec 20, 1966
|Deere & Co
|Shift mechanism for change-speed transmission
|Aug 20, 1979
|Oct 27, 1981
|Dana Corporation
|Transmission interlock
|Apr 30, 1981
|Oct 18, 1983
|Dana Corporation
|Shift-rail interlock bracket for compound transmission
|Jul 3, 1980
|Apr 10, 1984
|Rockwell International Corporation
|Interlock device for a transmission shift mechanism
|Citing Patent
|Filing date
|Publication date
|Dec 13, 1994
|Aug 20, 1996
|Eaton Corporation
|Change gear transmission and shift rod interlock therefor
|Jul 22, 1996
|Apr 28, 1998
|Hyundai Motor Company
|Engine over-revolution preventive system utilized with a manual shift select lever assembly
|Apr 29, 1998
|Jun 1, 1999
|Eaton Corporation
|Splitter lockout system arranged for conversion between first and second owner configurations
|Apr 14, 2000
|Jun 10, 2003
|Hydro-Gear Limited Partnership
|Transaxle with differential lock mechanism
|Aug 15, 2002
|Aug 24, 2004
|Hydro-Gear Limited Partnership
|Differential lock mechanism
|Jul 9, 2004
|Aug 8, 2006
|Hydro-Gear Limited Partnership
|Differential lock mechanism
|Jan 5, 2007
|Aug 2, 2007
|Borgwarner Inc.
|Electric shift transfer case
|May 16, 2008
|Nov 19, 2009
|Thiel Leroy D
|Mechanism and Method for Permanent Magnet Degaussing
|Dec 13, 1995
|Apr 3, 2002
|Combined variable gear speed transmission
|Nov 27, 1995
|Jul 17, 1996
|Eaton Corporation
|Interlock with deactivation slot
|U.S. Classification
|74/473.11, 74/473.21
|International Classification
|Cooperative Classification
|European Classification
|Sep 18, 1992
Owner name: DANA CORPORATION, OHIO
Free format text: ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST.;ASSIGNORS:LOEFFLER, JOHN M.;WILLFORD, GEORGE A.;REEL/FRAME:006267/0886
Effective date: 19920918
|Jul 28, 1997
|Fee payment
Year of fee payment: 4
|May 30, 2000
Owner name: TRANSMISIONES TSP, S.A. DE C.V., MEXICO
Free format text: ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST;ASSIGNOR:DANA CORPORATION;REEL/FRAME:010841/0037
Effective date: 19970902
|Sep 4, 2001
|Maintenance fee reminder mailed
|Feb 8, 2002
|Lapse for failure to pay maintenance fees
|Apr 9, 2002
|Expired due to failure to pay maintenance fee
Effective date: 20020208


text: Game of Thrones Category page 18pages on this wiki Edit History Talk0 Sorting type: Most visited Most visited Alphabetical | Subcategories Game of Thrones: Games Game of Thrones: TV Media in category "Game of Thrones" Game of Thrones Season Five Trailer - Fannotation Game of Thrones Season Finale Trailer Game of Thrones A Telltale Game Series - How Did You Play? Game of Thrones - No One Wins in the Riverrun Faceoff - Dragons on the Wall On The Throne - The Prince of Winterfell GAME OF THRONES Game of Thrones Season 5 Finale "Mother's Mercy" - Dragons on the Wall 'Game of Thrones' Star Maisie Williams Definitively Ends Your Syrio Forel Theories - IGN News (Huge Spoilers!) Game of Thrones Season 4 Trailer Introducing the New Characters (Spoilers) Game of Thrones What Does Bran's Vision Mean? 10 Most Shocking Game of Thrones Deaths 38 Big Xbox One Games of 2014 3 Things You Missed in Game of Thrones Oathkeeper 5 TV Shows We're Excited For at Comic-Con 2014 5 Things You Missed in Game of Thrones Season 4 Episode 3 5 Ways Tyrion Got Screwed - Game of Thrones "The Laws of Gods and Men" Back 1 2 3 4 ... 28 Next Retrieved from "http://video.wikia.com/wiki/Category:Game_of_Thrones?oldid=706607"


text:
Now that Strikeforce: Rousey vs. Kaufman is over, the focus shifts to the promotion's Sept. 29 event in Sacramento, Calif.
The latest bout added to Strikeforce: Melendez vs. Healy is a showdown between lightweight contenders Josh Thomson and Caros Fodor. MMAWeekly.com confirmed the bout with sources close to the fight.
Thomson (19-5) last fought in a rubber match with Strikeforce lightweight champion Gilbert Melendez, losing a razor thin split decision. Due to that result, he had been rumored for consideration in challenging Melendez for a fourth time. Strikeforce officials decided to give Melendez a new challenger in Pat Healy instead.
Thomson has been in and out of consideration as one of the Top 10 lightweights over the years, but has been hampered in the latter part of his career by injuries.
Fodor (7-2) is one of Strikeforce's rising young talents. He very well could have been the one fighting in the main event on Sept. 29, but suffered the first defeat of his Strikeforce tenure his last time out, losing to Healy in March.
Thomson first revealed the fight with Fodor to Sherdog.com over the weekend.
Melendez puts his belt on the line against Healy in the Strikeforce: Melendez vs. Healy main event.
Stay tuned to MMAWeekly.com for more Strikeforce and MMA news.
An intriguing matchup between strawweight contenders Rose Namajunas and Karolina Kowalkiewicz has been added to the July 30, UFC 201 fight card in Atlanta. read news >>
Arguably England's two top welterweights, Paul "Semtex" Daley (38-13-2) and Michael "Venom" Page (10-0) have each been assigned new opponents for the upcoming "Bellator 158: London" event. read news >>
World Series of Fighting announced today that Thiago Meller has withdrawn from his scheduled welterweight contest against John Howard, who will now face Mike Arrant at WSOF 31. read news >>
Former Bellator lightweight champion Will Brooks has inked a deal with the UFC. read news >>
Highly-regarded lightweight Will Brooks will make his Octagon debut on Friday, July 8, as he faces Ross Pearson on the TUF 23 Finale card at the MGM Grand Garden Arena in Las Vegas. read news >>
Liverpool's Jack McGann is looking to represent 'the greatest fighting city' when he faces Russian Abdulla Dadaev at EFN 50 on UFC Fight Pass. read news >>
An injury has forced Derek Brunson out of his UFC 200 bout against Gegard Mousasi. Thiago Santos will step in as a replacement and take on the No. 8 ranked middleweight on July 9. read news >>
A featherweight matchup pitting top Irish MMA prospect James Gallagher (3-0) against Mike Cutting (6-5) has been added to the main card of "Bellator 158: London." read news >>
Featherweight Justin Lawrence is looking to get back on track at Bellator 157: Dynamite 2 when he faces Isao Kobayashi on June 24 in St. Louis. read news >>
After advancing to the finals of ABC's "Dancing with the Stars," women's strawweight standout Paige VanZant (6-2) is ready to return to the Octagon. read news >>


text:
El Dorado Hills Spca
Sacramento SPCA
6201 Florin Perkins Rd, Sacramento, CA 95828
- (916) 383-7387
1. Placer SPCA
Everyone here is very dedicated and invested in taking care of the animals at the facility. I adopted my dog, Rusty, from here and I would come to …
2. Placer Spca Thrift Store
Love this store. They carry great quality resale items at extremely reasonable prices. I have found wonderful deals here, and the staff is very help…
3. Placer Spca
We always try to think about donating items that the animals can use. This organization does so much good and caring work!
4. Sacramento SPCA
6201 Florin Perkins RdSacramento, CA 95828
5. Animal Shelter-Spca
Great place to look at some potential animals to adopt, and love on. I love the little kittens here they are so adorable.
6. Sacramento SPCA Thrift Store
Tiny, crammed in place. Lots of books. There is really too much in a small space going on for me. But the cause is great!
7. SPCA Women's Guild Thrift
1517 E StSacramento, CA 95814
8. Spca Thrift Store - CLOSED
This is a top quality thrift store! The employees are very welcoming and friendly. The store is always displayed invitingly, especially around the h…
9. The Agee Memorial Wildlife Fund
2059 Sweet Valley RdEl Dorado Hills, CA 95762
10. Purebreds Plus Cat Rescue - CLOSED
Serving the El Dorado Hills Area.
From Business: Purebreds Plus is a group of compassionate and positive Cat Rescuers. We focus on purebred cats at risk in shelters, or from owners needing to rehome their cats. We…
11. Performing Animal Welfare Society
11435 Simmerhorn RdGalt, CA 95632
12. Paws
11435 Simmerhorn RdGalt, CA 95632
13. Wild Things
1211 Ponderosa WayWeimar, CA 95736
14. Red Rover
3000 J StSacramento, CA 95816
15. Foothill Dog Rescue of The Sierras
4131 S Shingle RdShingle Springs, CA 95682
16. Happy Tails Pet Sanctuary - CLOSED
We happened to stop by Happy Tails one afternoon. What an amazing sanctuary for our feline friends! They have many loving cats looking for loving ho…
17. Chows Plus
3633 Garfield AveCarmichael, CA 95608
18. People For Animal Welfare - CLOSED
4050 Durock RdShingle Springs, CA 95682
19. Wildlife Rescue
Thanks wildlife rescue for all your help
20. Northern California Border Collie Rescue & Adoptions
1431 Merry Knoll RoadAuburn, CA 95603
21. Wild Things Inc
PO Box 191Weimar, CA 95736
22. El Dorado Human Society
484 Main St # 9Diamond Springs, CA 95619
23. El Dorado County Shelter
6435 Capitol AveDiamond Springs, CA 95619
24. Lapcats
3839 Bradshaw RdSacramento, CA 95827
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What a great friend i got from pound. The people at the pound were most helpful. It was a good experience. Later met some personel at local dog park…
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7495 Natomas RdElverta, CA 95626
From Business: Homeward Bound Golden Retriever Rescue & Sanctuary is a nonprofit organization that provides shelter for homeless animals. It provides foster care services, as well…
27. Fieldhaven Feline Rescue
2754 Ironwood LnLincoln, CA 95648
28. Stephanie C
3161 Cameron Park DrCameron Park, CA 95682
29. County of Sacramento
3839 Bradshaw RdSacramento, CA 95827
From Business: Animal Care & Regulation - County of Sacramento caters to the unincorporated area of Sacramento County. It does not serve cities such as Rancho Cordova, Folsom, or …
30. El Dorado Humane Society
The correct address is 777 Pleasant Valley Road, Diamond Springs, CA 95619, (530) 642-2738.\r \r We are an all volunteer, nonprofit organization …


text:
A project of People For the American Way dedicated to monitoring and exposing the activities of the right-wing movement. Learn More >
Right Wing Round-Up - 2/2/16
Submitted by Kyle Mantyla on Tuesday, 2/2/2016 6:32 pm
- PFAW: People For the American Way Calls on Trump to Return Contribution from White Nationalist.
- Media Matters: Ted Cruz Thanks His Extremist Media Endorsers During Iowa Victory Speech.
- Travis Gettys @ Raw Story: Ted Cruz teams up with Duggar-loving singing troupe to kill public education.
- Alan Colmes: US Christians facing a discriminatory tax?
- Tommy Christopher @ Mediaite: Ted Cruz Just Lying About Stupid Stuff Now.
- Joe Jervis: Hate Pastor: Foreclosure On My Church Is Illegal Because We're Exempt From Paying Bills.
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Chatham Newswire
Comprehensive Real-Time News Feed for Chatham, MA.
Results 1 - 2 of 2 for "u:masslive.com" in Chatham, MA
Angela Garvin of Feeding Hills already having a summer for the ages w/Photo
During a two-week span in June, Garvin qualified for the U.S. Girls' Junior Championship and won both the Massachusetts and New England girls high school championships. "It's been a pretty good year for me,'' Garvin said. Comment?
Officials worry about sharks as more seals gather near the beach w/Photo
As the rain thrummed on the roof of the harbormaster's office, Natural Resources Manager Nate Sears was seated behind a computer screen. He said he was relieved that the summer had gone by without any shark attacks on beachgoers. Comment?
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I am amazed to see that, at time of writing (February 2011), 'Jigsaw' only holds a 7.9 rating here on TV.com. In my opinion, it is a top notch episode, and I found it enjoyable throughout.
It is about this point that the series really feels to have found it's footing, telling some great crime tales, laced with some interesting guest characters and the increasingly trademark Regan / Carter banter to boot.
I like the scene of George at home (complete with trying to start ancient lawnmower to mow the grass), defending Regan to wife Alison (future 'Juliet Bravo' star Stephanie Turner). It is in stark contrast to Carter's dislike and distrust of Jack seen in the Armchair Theatre pilot, 'Regan'. Although the character was reworked very subtly for the series, at the same time, George has quickly come to like and respect his Guv'nor.
In a similar vein, by this episode, whilst their relationship is still fiery, Haskins is developing a quiet respect for Regan and his methods, a gradual advancement from their harsh relationship in very early episodes.
I found the plot itself to be engrossing, and really left me wondering how Eddie Boys and his cronies pulled off the robbery, or if Jack really was harassing the wrong man.
Another great scene is at the school P.T.A. meeting, where Boys – and us, the audience – think that Regan has finally overstepped the line and is blatantly hounding Boys in public; only for it to turn out that Jack is there to give a speech on crime prevention. (It plays out better than it sounds on paper!!)
This episode reminds me of, and sums up why, I have loved 'The Sweeney' all of my life (well, since I was old enough for my Dad, who was into it first time 'round, decided that I was grown up enough to watch it)! So many great touches, nice lines, and general sharp execution. As I say at the top of this review, I'm amazed to see it currently only holds a 7.9 rating; from me it gets a solid 10/10.moreless


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Ordinary Americans are losing their faith in stocks: For the fifth year in a row, they are selling their holdings.
An analysis by The Associated Press finds that individual investors have pulled at least $380 billion from U.S. stock funds since April 2007. That is equal to all the money they put into the market in the previous five years.
The pullback has spread to public and private pension funds, brokerages and state and local governments.
And the selling has not let up despite a doubling of stock prices since March 2009.
It's the first time ordinary folks have sold during a sustained bull market since relevant records were first kept during World War II.
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Senior OH Danielle Minch
Aug. 17, 2010
MWC Preseason Release | AVCA Preseason Top-25
By Danny Mattie
Athletic Media Relations
FORT COLLINS, Colo. – With five returning starters and an incoming freshman class ranked No. 15 nationally by PrepVolleyball.com, the CSU volleyball team, coming off of a 25-6 season that included an MWC title, a final No. 17 national ranking, and a trip to the NCAA Regional Semifinals, was selected as the preseason favorite in the Mountain West by the league's coaches and a panel of select media.
Colorado State received 15 of 16 first-place votes to run away with the top spot in the preseason rankings, tallying 134 total points. Utah finished second in the vote with 104 points, followed by TCU (99) and New Mexico (96). BYU rounded out the top 5 with 85 points and was the only other program to receive a first-place vote. San Diego State (62) came in sixth, ahead of Wyoming (43), UNLV (36) and Air Force (16).
Two Rams also received recognition on the 2010 preseason All-MWC squad, highlighted by senior outside hitter Danielle Minch who was voted the favorite to repeat as Mountain West Player of the Year. Additionally, CSU's junior setter Evan Sanders, a 2009 all-MWC selection in her first season as the Rams' starter, was picked as the preseason Setter of the Year.
Other preseason all-MWC selections included New Mexico's Jade Michaelsen, San Diego State's Lauren Salisbury, Utah's Karolina Bartkowiak and Wyoming's Jody Purdy. Keisha Fisher of Utah was picked as the league's top libero.
Colorado State begins the 2010 campaign Aug. 27, hosting the Coors Rocky Mountain Challenge. The Rams open the season against ACC power Duke at 7 p.m. at Moby Arena. The Rams begin defense of the 2009 MWC title Sept. 24 at BYU. CSU's conference home opener is slated for Sept. 30 at 7 p.m. vs. San Diego State.
CSU enters the 2010 season looking for its 16th consecutive season with at least 20 victories and an appearance in the NCAA tournament.
AVCA national rankings announced
The American Volleyball Coaches' Association (AVCA) also announced its preseason Top-25 coaches' poll on Tuesday afternoon. Colorado State begins the 2010 campaign right where it left off in 2009: ranked No. 17 in the nation.
Colorado State's 2010 schedule will feature matches against six opponents that are either ranked or receiving votes in the preseason, highlighted by a Sept. 4 matchup at No. 13 Florida as part of the Gators' Campus USA Credit Union Invitational.
The schedule also includes non-conference home matchups with Duke (Aug. 27) and Long Beach State (Sept. 17), both of which are receiving votes.
Three other Mountain West Conference schools – Utah, New Mexico and San Diego State – are also receiving votes.
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Golf hotels in Naples
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Hampton Inn Naples-Central3 star hotel
The Ritz Carlton Naples Hotel5 star hotel
Bellasera Hotel Naples4 star hotel
Trianon Old Naples Hotel3 star hotel
Naples Grande Beach Resort4 star hotel
Hilton Naples Hotel4 star hotel
The Ritz Carlton Golf Resort Naples5 star hotel
- 1901 Gulf Shore Boulevard North, Naples, FL, United States, 34102 (Map)
Naples Bay Resort4 star hotel
The exclusive 4-star Naples Bay Resort is set in a historic area minutes away from Conservancy of Southwest Florida, Naples Botanical Garden and Third Street South. The hotel offers international architecture and resides in a building renovated in 2008. More detailsFromC$301per nightBook Now
Hampton Inn Naples-I-753 star hotel
Inn At Pelican Bay Naples3 star hotel
Doubletree Suites By Hilton Naples3 star hotel
- 7995 Mahogany Run Lane, Naples, FL, United States, 34113 (Map)
Residence Inn By Marriott Naples3 star hotel
Hawthorn Suites Of Naples3 star hotel
Quality Inn And Suites Golf Resort Naples3 star hotel
Courtyard By Marriott Hotel Naples3 star hotel
Inn On Fifth Naples4 star hotel
Park Shore Resort Naples3 star hotel
Staybridge Suites Naples Gulf Coast3 star hotel
Ramada Inn Naples3 star hotel
Port Of The Islands Hotel Naples3 star hotel
La Playa Beach Resort Naples4 star hotel
La Quinta Inn & Suites Naples East3 star hotel
The Naples Beach Hotel & Golf Club4 star hotel
Hotels near Naples
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- Springhill Suites Naples
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- Luxury Vacation Homes - Naples
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Transmanche Ferries
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Book ferries to France and England with Transmanche - Newhaven and Dieppe
Transmanche Ferries' Newhaven Dieppe route is now run by DFDS.
You can use AFerry.co.uk to book a Transmanche ferry to France and England. Transmanche provides high quality service ensuring you have a comfortable journey. AFerry.co.uk always has the latest deals and offers on Transmanche ferries.
You can use AFerry.co.uk to book Transmanche ferries to Dieppe and Newhaven. For all Transmanche ferry routes and the latest prices and sailing times see below. Click on your ferry route for a detailed timetable with arrival and departure times.
Transmanche Ferries Offers - Our Lowest Prices & Deals
Transmanche Ferries Offers - Our Lowest Prices & Deals
Transmanche Ferries Offers - Our Lowest Prices & Deals
Transmanche Ferries Sailing Information & Ferry Times
Dieppe - Newhaven
- Timetable
- up to 4 crossings per day
- from 4hrs
Newhaven - Dieppe
- Timetable
- up to 4 crossings per day
- from 4hrs
On board Transmanche ferries
When you step onto any Transmanche ferry you will find a host of onboard facilities to keep you entertained and relaxed throughout your journey. Transmanche's ferries have stunning lounges with panoramic views, self service restaurants with plenty of varieties to choose from including full English and French breakfasts and children's menu, game rooms, café and bar, duty free shopping and kid's areas along with spacious, comfortable cabins onboard.
About Transmanche ferries
Transmanche Ferries fleet consists of two new ships; the Seven Sisters (operating the Dieppe to Newhaven service) and the Cote D'Albâtre (currently serving on the LD Lines' route from Le Havre to Portsmouth) which are equipped with ultra modern stabilizers to provide utmost comfort at all times.
Whether you use the Transmanche Newhaven Dieppe ferry, or any other Transmanche ferry you are bound to have a relaxing and pleasant journey.
Transmanche Routes
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Transmanche Ports
Transmanche Ferries Freight
Transmanche Routes Map
All Transmanche Ferries Reviews
15 June 2016Poor Expensive food. Smelly toilets
Newhaven to Dieppe with DFDS Seaways
Poor Expensive food. Smelly toilets
Review by kenneth peachey, Couple.
15 June 2016good value for the money
Dieppe to Newhaven with DFDS Seaways
I had a very pleasant crossing using this ferry. As a mum travelling with two young kids, it would be great to have better facilities for the children. Overall, very good value for the money
Review by Anonymous, Family with young children.
14 June 2016Still one of the nicest crossings
Dieppe to Newhaven with DFDS Seaways
DFDS have run this route excellently. On time, good staff and comfy facilities. To be honest can be a very pleasant 4 hours reading the newspaper, snoozing. For those of you worried about the price or time...do some simple maths, time from Calais to Rouen .... cost of peage ...cost of petrol ....stress of driving from Calais to Rouen
Review by David Ontheferry, Couple.
12 June 2016newhaven ferry
Newhaven to Dieppe with DFDS Seaways
good way to travel will use again
Review by Mr D Armitage, Couple.
11 June 2016Great ferry trip!
Newhaven to Dieppe with DFDS Seaways
This was my first trip taking my children without my husband. I was a little nervous at first, but the check in and trip were smooth and easy. My children had a nice area to play and make friends with other children, while I sat at a comfortable table overlooking. We will be traveling with you again soon!
Review by Kara, Family with older children.