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The New York Yankees will welcome back future Hall of Famer Derek Jeter to their lineup Thursday afternoon, and not a moment too soon. No offense to Jayson Nix and pals, but Yankees shortstops weren't helping the team much offensively, featuring a lowly .211 batting average with a .269 on-base percentage. While statistical expectations for Jeter should be held in check in relation to the 216 hits he produced in 2012, the fact is the reason I recommend him for ESPN standard 10- and 12-team mixed leagues is similar to why the Yankees are so desperate for him: The position is seriously lacking quality alternatives in fantasy as well.
Weekend wrap: Don't worry about Stephen Strasburg
2hEric Karabell
Fantasy free agent buying guide: Buy or sell the likes of Snell?
10dEric Karabell
Closer report: Hold on to underrated relievers
11dEric Karabell
Valuing the contenders for the rare .300/.400/.500 club
12dEric Karabell
Yankees' Aaron Judge powers up, waits for big league shot
13dEric Karabell
Young pitchers to pick up before they're gone
14dEric Karabell
Fantasy free agent buying guide: Smart to add Solarte?
17dEric Karabell
Closer report: Hidden gem in Houston
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Expectations for Twins' Nunez, Dozier
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Benintendi, Bregman close from '15 draft class
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Weekend wrap: How to value Marco Estrada, plus injury updates
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Where James Shields' value lies after trade to White Sox
23dEric Karabell
Fantasy free-agent buying guide: Cool the Turner hysteria
24dEric Karabell
What the latest bullpen changes mean in fantasy
25dEric Karabell
Fantasy's best of May: Celebrating Bogaerts, Villar, Hill
26dEric Karabell


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Dealertrack Technologies, Inc. (NASDAQ:TRAK)
Q2 2014 Earnings Conference Call
August 11, 2014 05:00 pm ET
Mark O'Neil - Chairman of the Board, President, Chief Executive Officer
Eric Jacobs - Chief Financial Officer, Executive Vice President, Chief Administrative Officer, Treasurer
Matt Williams - Evercore
Sterling Auty - JPMorgan
Kevin McVeigh - Macquarie
Mitch Bartlett - Craig-Hallum
Good evening, everyone. Welcome to today's conference call. Today's conference call is being recorded. Joining us are Mark O'Neil, Chairman and Chief Executive Officer; and Eric Jacobs, Chief Financial and Administrative Officer of Dealertrack Technologies, Inc.
Mark will begin today's call with a summary of Dealertrack's financial highlights for the second quarter ended June 30, 2014. He would then provide an overview of the operating environment, including key business metrics.
He will also provide a summary of the quarter from a business and strategic perspective, as well as discuss Dealertrack's recent acquisition. Eric will then discuss Dealertrack's financial performance for the first quarter and updated guidance for 2014. Afterwards, they will be available to answer your questions.
Before they begin, Dealertrack would like to remind everyone that remarks made during this conference call will contain forward-looking statements made pursuant to the Safe Harbor Provisions of the Private Securities Litigation Reform Act of 1995.
These statements are neither promises nor guarantees, but involve risks and uncertainties that could cause actual results to differ materially from these set forth in the forward-looking statements, including, without limitation, those risks detailed in Dealertrack's filings with the SEC, such as its most recent reports on Forms 10-K and 10-Q.
Dealertrack disclaims any obligation to publicly update or revise any such statements to reflect any change in their expectations or events, conditions or circumstances on which any such statements may be based or that may affect the likelihood that actual results will differ from those set forth in the forward-looking statements.
Dealertrack also uses non-GAAP financial measures to represent business performance. A reconciliation of GAAP to non-GAAP financial measures is included in today's press release, which is available on the Investor Relations section of the company's website at Dealertrack.com.
In addition, please refer to the current investor presentation posted on the company's website for information, which may be discussed during today's call.
As a reminder, Dealertrack acquired Customer Focused Marketing and Vintek in the fourth quarter of 2013 and Dealer.com in the first quarter of 2014. Therefore, these businesses are included in Dealertrack's results for the second quarter of 2014, but not for the second quarter of 2013.
Now I would like to turn the call over to Mark O'Neil, Chairman and Chief Executive Officer. Please go ahead.
Mark O'Neil
Thank you, operator. Good evening, everyone. Thanks for joining us today. I am pleased to report that Dealertrack delivered excellent performance in the second quarter of 2014, including particularly strong revenue performance across all revenue lines.
Total revenue in the second quarter was $225 million, an increase of 85% from a year ago, and 21% on an organic basis. We executed well and delivered an adjusted EBITDA margin of 22%. We are also pleased to report that our integration of Dealer.com continues to track on or ahead of schedule.
We believe these positive results along with our increased guidance expectations for the year are validation that our vision of transforming automotive retailing by delivering an integrated suite of technologies is resonating well with all of our clients.
The technologies and services Dealertrack is providing today and developing for tomorrow are capable of transforming both the process and experience that has historically been laden with paperwork, redundancies, and overall mistrust.
Our vision is to leverage our unique and broad collection of assets and software solutions to create a more efficient, profitable, and transparent workflow throughout the entire auto retailing experience.
The end result for dealers, lenders, manufacturers, and customers alike, is a simplified integrated system that creates a better buying experience and allows the dealers to showcase their brand and focus on what matters most, dealer profitability and consumer satisfaction.
Looking at our second quarter results in more detail, subscription revenue of $91 million, more than doubled from a year ago and increased 14% on an organic basis. Transaction revenue of $87 million increased 22% from a year ago and 14% on an organic basis.
Advertising and other revenue was $46 million, $40 million of which was advertising revenue related to Dealer.com. We expect our revenue mix for the rest of the year to be similar to the second quarter with subscription revenue being the largest portion of our total revenue and advertising revenue growing the quickest.
We also continue to grow our transaction revenue at a much faster rate than an independent of the rate of growth through car sales. In the second quarter, transaction revenue grew 3.5 times the growth in new and used car sales by franchise dealers in the United States and Canada as we continue to cross-sell more transaction solutions and gain market share.
Additionally, we expect revenue visibility to improve beyond 2014 as recurring subscriptions and advertising revenue represent a larger percentage of total revenue.
The acquisition of Dealer.com is a critical development in our mission to link online marketing and in-store solutions into one integrated workflow. We are already realizing the benefits from this acquisition as evidenced in part by our strong advertising revenue results and our cross-selling success with OEMs and dealers.
We are also making significant progress in integrating our organizations; our legacy website team called Dealertrack Interactive is now reporting into Dealer.com, bringing together the groups and forming our digital marketing solutions team.
We are realizing the expected cost synergies. Additionally, we are launching a CRM solution this quarter that we believe will be best-in-class. Lastly, Kristin Halpin, former Chief Talent Officer at Dealer.com now leads human resources for all of Dealertrack.
These advancements in our integration are allowing Dealertrack to increase efficiencies and expand profitable growth opportunities, while also enhancing client relationships. Since the acquisition, we have seen our client interactions elevate more and more beyond point product opportunities to discussions of a much broader suite of solutions.
Additionally, our account management approach is supporting and enhancing the level of engagement with dealers regarding our combined business. For example, we have had particular success with the cross-selling OEMs as a number of them have recently selected our combined solutions for their dealer networks. This includes an advertising and a website deal with a major manufacturer, a preferred website agreement that will build upon our already successful advertising program with one of the big three, and two endorsements of our digital retailing solutions on existing Dealer.com website programs.
These examples highlight the power of cross-selling between advertising, websites, and online retailing solutions. For the second quarter, we are pleased to report that we experienced continued improvements in many key performance metrics; average monthly subscription revenue per subscribing dealer was $1,218 per month, a substantial increase from $757 a month in the comparable quarter a year ago. This represents significant growth from the $1,191 figure we reported for March, which was the first full month that included Dealer.com's results.
We added approximately 250 subscribing dealers in the quarter to reach a total of more than 23,800 subscribing dealers as of the end of the second quarter. While these metrics are strong, we believe we still have substantial runway ahead of us. The potential monthly subscription revenue per subscribing dealer now exceeds $13,000 per month for our expanded portfolio of solutions, inclusive of the new service offering of ASR Pro.
For comparison purposes, our monthly subscription revenue opportunity has more than doubled from $6,000 per month that was approximately two years ago.
On July 1, we announced the acquisition of substantially all of the assets of ASR Pro. Their solution streamlines service line operations at a dealership, allowing us to further extend our subscription solutions from sales and marketing to the service department, while the financial impact of this transaction is not material in the near-term as Eric will discuss later on.
We believe this acquisition has longer term strategic importance as it further strengthens the competitive position of our DMS solution. Furthermore, ASR Pro expands our addressable market of software solutions to include the vehicle service and repair market independent of our DMS solution.
In the second quarter, we saw an incremental increase in subscription revenue growth from the first quarter. Since we closed Dealer.com, sales cycles have lengthened as the overall dollar value and breadth of our solutions continues to expand as result of multi-products presentations. That said, we anticipate that we can continue to deliver incremental organic growth rates and subscription revenue into 2015 as we successfully closed our growing pipeline.
Our confidence is supported by the increased bundling of our digital retailing solutions with marketing and websites, our anticipated ability to leverage additional DMS installation capacity, and the launch of the best-in-class CRM solution.
Turning to our transaction businesses, we delivered 14% organic growth in transaction revenues in the second quarter or 3.5 times the 4% growth in car sales when compared to the year ago period. While new car sales growth was strong in the second quarter after a tough winter, used car sales by franchise dealers in the United States increased less than 1% as compared to the second quarter of 2013.
As our portfolio of transaction products continues to diversify, we continue to grow our transaction revenue independent of overall our sales. We are sustaining our growth through market share gains improving credit availability as well as executing our ability to cross-sell additional transaction products increasing both, the number of transactions as well as the transaction revenue per car sold.
For example, transaction revenue per car sold increased to $8.68, up 18% from a year ago, reflecting the benefits from our acquisition of Vintek and the market share gains across several transaction-based solutions. Also supporting transaction revenue growth was the number of active lenders on our U.S. credit application network, which is up by more than 110 from year ago. We now have a total of more than 1,460 lenders, who are serving nearly 21,000 franchised and independent dealers.
While we expect continued healthy organic growth from subscriptions and transactions, we anticipate advertising revenue will help drive even stronger organic growth over the longer term. We ended the second quarter with 7,031 active dealers on our advertising platform.
If you recall, Ford Direct selected Dealer.com as the advertising platform for its digital advertising program, which includes over 3,004 dealers. Ford granted us head of store exclusivity period for which only Dealer.com provided advertising services.
During exclusivity, we executed well and retained the higher number of Ford dealers than we projected during our Q1 call. Average monthly advertising revenue per dealership increased to $1,826 per month in the second quarter, up from $1,708, our first month with Dealer.com.
We believe we have sustainable runway ahead of us for increasing monthly advertising revenue per dealership over the long-term as the trend of investing in traditional media shift to digital. As dealerships and OEMs increasingly look for higher value and more effective advertising programs, we are well positioned to capture this business with our sophisticated offering of retargeting paid search, premium and network display and social media programs.
In summary, we are pleased with the excellent results we delivered in the second quarter. We remain very optimistic that we are well-positioned to take advantage of the opportunities ahead, including accelerating subscription growth into 2015.
We are very pleased with the pace that we are integrating Dealer.com and enthusiastic about progress in advancing our vision to transform automotive retailing.
Now, let me turn the call over to Eric for additional details on our financial performance in the second quarter and our updated guidance for 2014.
Eric Jacobs
Thank you, Mark. Hello, everyone. I am pleased to report the following second quarter 2014 financial highlights.
Revenue for the second quarter was $225 million, the total increase of 85% from a year ago. With Dealer.com, our combined company grew at a pace of 21% organically for the second quarter in a row. Looking at revenue in more detail, subscription revenue was $91 million, the total increase of 105% from year ago and a 14% increase on an organic basis. Transaction revenue was $87 million, a total increase of 22% from a year ago and a 14% increase on an organic basis. Advertising and other revenue was $46 million.
Earnings for the second quarter were as follows. Our GAAP net loss was a negative $1.4 million or a net loss per diluted share of a negative $0.03. Our adjusted EBITDA $50 million, which equates to an adjusted EBITDA margin of 22% and our adjusted net income was $22 million or $0.41 per diluted share.
Reflected in non-GAAP earnings per share for the second quarter is a slight decrease in share count. Contrary to the first quarter, there was no dilution from the warrants relating to our convertible notes this quarter.
A reconciliation of GAAP to non-GAAP measures is included in our press release schedules as well as it in our investor presentation, which also includes impact of reconciled items on individual income statement classifications and our organic revenue growth calculations.
Turning to our balance sheet, as of June 30th, we had approximately $134 million in cash, cash equivalents and short-term marketable securities, compared to approximately $149 million at the end of the first quarter.
During the second quarter, we approximately $26 million in cash to pay down our term loan, the credit facility of which only $1 million was required to be repaid. Consistent with our strategy to reduce our trailing 12-month net debt to adjusted EBITDA leverage ratio, we intend to continue to manage our net debt to further de-leverage our balance sheet.
As of the end of the second quarter, our trailing 12-month net debt to adjusted EBITDA leverage ratio was 3.6 times. Our $225 million revolving credit facility still remains undrawn. Capital expenditures in the second quarter of 2014 were approximately $25 million as we invest in realizing our vision to create integrated suite of solutions, including leading online and in-store assets.
Capital expenditures included $3 million of purchased software $11 million of internally developed software. Net cash flow provided by operating activities was strong this quarter as we generated $30 million during the quarter.
On July 1st, we announced the acquisition of substantially all the assets of ASR Pro for consideration of approximately $12 million in cash, plus $2 million in equity exclusive of any potential earn-out. This transaction will not have a material impact on our 2014 results as we expect this acquisition to contribute less than $2 million of subscription revenue and have a negative $1 million impact on adjusted EBITDA for the remainder of 2014.
This evening, we will be filing a shelf registration to register approximately $5.9 million shares that were issued as part of the Dealer.com acquisition. We were required to register these shares as part of the terms of the deal. As per agreement and our prior communications, these shares remain locked up through August 28, 2014. Starting August 29, 2014, they will technically be freely tradable.
Substantially all of these shares are held by institutional investors. Turning now to our updated guidance for 2014, new car sales were stronger than anticipated in the second quarter with the new [cars] 16.6 million units in the quarter and 16.5 million units in July.
However, this was partially offset by used car sales that only grew 29,000 units from the same period year ago. Therefore, we continue to anticipate that combined new and used car sales were increased by approximately 3% in 2014, which is consistent with our prior guidance.
With that backdrop, we are updating our 2014 guidance as follows. Revenue is expected to be between $829 million and $843 million, which would represent growth of approximately 74% from 2013 at the midpoint. This is an increase of $16 million from the midpoint of our prior guidance of $814 million to $826 million. This increase in expected revenue reflects our over-performance in the first quarter and ongoing business momentum across all revenue lines.
Our GAAP net loss is expected to be between negative $7 million and a negative $12 million or a net loss of negative $0.13 to a negative $0.23 per share, an improvement from prior guidance of a net loss of a negative $12 million to negative $18 million or net loss of a negative $0.23 to $0.34 per share.
With regards to non-GAAP earnings, we expect adjusted EBITDA to be between $186 million and $190 million, which is a $4 million increase from the midpoint of our prior guidance of $180 million to $188 million. This represents an adjusted EBITDA margin of approximately 22.5% at the mid-point of our adjusted EBITDA and revenue guidance.
With regards to synergies from the Dealer.com acquisition, we continue to expect to realize approximately $5 million in net cost synergies for the full year. Finally, we expect adjusted net income to be between $81 million and $86 million, or $1.47 to $1.56 per diluted share, an increase of $0.05 from the midpoint of our prior guidance.
Our 2014 GAAP net loss per share guidance is based on an estimated diluted share count of 53 million shares. Adjusted net income per share guidance is based on an estimated diluted share count of 55 million shares.
As stated earlier, the integration of Dealer.com benefits us in multiple ways in terms of our quarterly financial performance, including accelerating our overall growth rate due to advertising, cross-selling opportunities on subscriptions.
Additionally, we are seeing a reduction in the seasonality we have historically experienced in our quarterly adjusted EBITDA margin. We do however still expect a slight decline in transaction revenue and adjusted EBITDA from the third quarter to the fourth quarter given historic trends for the absolute number of cars sold in Q4 relative to Q3.
Please refer to our investor presentation posted on our company website for additional assumptions embedded in our current guidance.
In summary, we are very pleased with our second quarter performance and remain very optimistic about 2014, as reflected in our guidance as well as our longer term opportunities to transform auto retailing.
Operator, we will now take questions from conference call participants.
Question-and-Answer Session
Thank you. (Operator Instructions) Our first question will come from Matt Williams from Evercore. Please go ahead.
Matt Williams - Evercore
Hi, guys. Congrats on the quarter and thanks for taking my questions. Just quickly on the subscription side. I am just wondering if you could speak a little bit more or provide a little bit more detail on some of the strategic conversations that you are having and your confidence in your ability to somewhat speed up the process understanding that sales cycles are elongating a little bit, but clearly the organic performance is a little bit better this quarter and just a little bit more color on sort of what's going on with those discussions with dealers?
Mark O'Neil
Sure. Thanks for that commentary, Matt. The conversations are much more suite-oriented than they are product-oriented. The suite conversations with some groups are as extensive as the entire suite, DMS and digital marketing and all the other solutions and others are digital marketing plus one or two, maybe inventory and CRM. Very few of our conversations, and I think this is due to two things, both the Dealer.com acquisition and our movement to key account management model, but a very few of the conversations are really single point product now. That's great for us. I think, that gives us the confidence as you said to not only take the incremental growth we delivered Q2 over Q1, but keep that growth going Q3 over Q2, Q4 over Q3, et cetera.
The color is, there is more conversation. The pipeline is larger, perhaps larger than it has ever been for us at Dealertrack, and we think we can continue to close that. Obviously, into August here into the third quarter, and we like the trend we are continuing to see.
Matt Williams - Evercore
Great. That's helpful. Maybe just one quick follow-up for me, and then I will hop off. In the past, you have talked about the strength in the DMS business and that you are six months booked ahead and that sort of thing. I am wondering, it's been so strong for several quarters now, are you starting to see customers come back and add on different capabilities now that theoretically they have already implemented their DMS?
Mark O'Neil
The core DMS, yes, so we are -- and there isn't a particular area we think though that as we launched the CRM, we have a lot of hand raisers based on initial communications with our DMS base about the capability of that solution and the feedback from the team in terms of how quickly they can sell it, how quickly can we engage, and install that solution is very encouraging.
The second thing that is very encouraging in DMS is that the acquisition of ASR Pro. As we mentioned, look, a very small company in revenue, but strategically very important. It really shores up an area for us which is related to DMS, which has the ability to bring more capability to help a dealer drive profitability in parts and service.
Again, I would say the sales pipeline is probably, I wouldn't say not probably, definitively exceeds our installation capability in the near-term with ASR Pro, and we are talking small numbers here, but again very encouraging signs. Again, these are short timeframes, but it's what gives us confidence that Q4 will be better than Q3 on the subscription side, and so while we maybe maxing out a DMS installed capacity, the ability to up-sell that solution will be well in place by the end of the year as well as into next year.
Matt Williams - Evercore
Great. Thanks so much for taking the questions.
Mark O'Neil
You are very welcome.
Thank you. Our next question will come from Sterling Auty from JPMorgan. Please go ahead.
Sterling Auty - JPMorgan
Yes. Thanks. Hi, guys.
Mark O'Neil
Hey, Sterling.
Eric Jacobs
Hi, Sterling.
Sterling Auty - JPMorgan
Back on to subscription, could you remind us what the organic subscription growth was in the first quarter? Looking at the acceleration that you saw, how should we be thinking about the trend of further improvement given your comment about bundling in the CRM launch?
Mark O'Neil
Yes. It was 13% in Q1, and obviously 14% in Q2. As we said, we expect steady growth in Q3, Q4, and in 2015. I would say, slow and steady wins the game. That's what we are focused on. That is probably about as much clarity as I can give you now, but we have very high confidence we will beat the Q2 numbers in Q3 given where we are in the quarter already.
Sterling Auty - JPMorgan
Can you give us a sense in terms of the CRM, what was the kind of final outcome in terms of taking the functionality that you acquired versus your own in-house? What has been [squirm] together here for the CRM launch and what does that roadmap look like?
Mark O'Neil
Yes, again, I put this under the category of, we are very successfully integrating Dealer.com and things are going ahead of plan. Approximately six to eight weeks after completing the acquisition, we had an independent team evaluate the Dealer.com CRM solution against our solution. Both products have a lot of strengths, but at the end of the day, we took the Dealer.com solution as the going forward platform, so we are going to develop on that.
The primary reason for that was we think the cost to scale, it will actually be lower than our original solution, and they have been ahead of the game in terms of integration to websites which we think is very powerful in terms of integrated workflow of connecting online in-store. That said, I think our mobile functionality and some very specific feature and functions will need to be ported over, and those are in the process of happening.
Right now, we have launched the new solution. Again, this is the case of our backlog, because they are exceeding our installation capacity. That's a good thing. The numbers are small though right now, but we expect that solution to ramp as we fully build it out over the next couple of quarters and ramp up our sales efforts.
Sterling Auty - JPMorgan
Last question, on the transaction part of the revenue, you gave us a number of different levers to that growth, everything from the number of dealers, number of lenders, et cetera, but I am curious relative to besides just [the SAAR] improvement, what are the one or two biggest contributors to the strength and transaction revenue in the quarter?
Mark O'Neil
Right, this is the good opportunity to highlight to really everyone on the call that we have a new investor presentation up on our website. It's materially expanded from old presentation that we had up in prior quarters and there is actually a specific slide that I will point you to that compares or breaks down the components of transaction growth and one of the drivers of it.
A little bit of it is acquired, that's the smaller percentage of total. Some of it is car sales, some of it's higher percent of vehicle being financed versus either all the cash or cash equivalents like a home equity line, improving credit market, that would be driven by maybe more subprime players, healthier environment, a little more credit shopping going on, then our execution with more lenders whether that's OEM relationships or it is independent second lenders gaining share there as well.
You see in the deck, really all of them are contributors, which is helping. It means, we are not dependent on any single element for growth going forward. To remind you, most of the acquired revenue as it relates to transactions relating to Vintek.
Sterling Auty - JPMorgan
Got it. Thank you guys.
Mark O'Neil
Did that help you?
Sterling Auty - JPMorgan
Mark O'Neil
Next question will come from Kevin McVeigh from Macquarie. Please go ahead.
Kevin McVeigh - Macquarie
Great. Thanks. In addition to just really organic growth, the margins really seem to be the one of the standouts in the quarter, was that a function of just the advertising revenue coming in better than expected, the subscription or kind of mixed advertising? Any sense of what really drove the margin deep?
Mark O'Neil
Kevin, I am going to let Eric jump in on that one.
Eric Jacobs
I think it was across all three components, transaction, subscription and advertising, all of them contributed to the margin uptick.
Kevin McVeigh - Macquarie
Okay. Then…
Eric Jacobs
One more comment.
Kevin McVeigh - Macquarie
Eric Jacobs
To some extent, we have been managing our overall EBITDA margin, because we have been making investments, so in Q1 we could have contributed more in terms of the over performance, but we had planned investments that we were making throughout the year, so we will continue to do not like we did last year where we are trying -- giving annual guidance in terms of our expected adjusted EBITDA performance. For the most part, are plans are to hit that number and then we will make trade-offs if we need to for our investments to the extent that's required.
As good corporate citizens and consideration of our shareholders there just we are balancing this year increased guidance. If you look at $4 million on '16, that's the 25% gross incremental margin versus 22% for the business. Obviously giving some of that back, but as Eric said, we managing the other half, because this is a very ambitious and aggressive integration to grow the plan to transform auto retailing here. We want some of those extra dollars to go into technology investment as well.
Last point Mark mentioned that the absolute dollars in terms of what we increased guidance at the midpoint for adjusted EBITDA, which was $4 million, that reflects a negative $1 million impact of ASR Pro, so essentially there was even higher if look you look at our year for margin performance would even be higher for that.
Kevin McVeigh - Macquarie
Well, then really nice uptick in average subscription versus kind of where we exited Q1. Anyway think about where that target is? Then was the increase kind of the market kind of the market opportunity 13,000. Was that all Dealer.com, just the contribution?
Mark O'Neil
When we - Q1, we had indicated it did grow in part of Dealer.com, but that probably brought us up to the $10,000 maybe $11,000 number to deal all the way to $13,000 is really driven by ASR Pro. The parts and service market is very substantial in terms of dealerships willing to invest additional dollars in software to both, drive more absolute service and part sales and also to increase the profitability of each service customer, repair order that they created a dealership and ASR Pro really helps with both.
The addressable market was driven by both acquisitions. In terms of how to think about the increased growth in subscriptions, look, again I would say much of it we are talking about sequential growth in percentages, the dollar's slow and steady growth quarter-over-quarter here as we continue to execute on the on the subscriptions side, I think it will track closely track closely with that organic growth rate.
We are not adding many new dealers on subscriptions given the breadth of our dealer accounts for subscriptions, but the most of the growth will come on the adverts spend per which it be system with that organic growth.
Kevin McVeigh - Macquarie
Awesome. Thanks. Congrats.
Mark O'Neil
Thanks. Appreciate it.
Thank you. Our next question will come from Mitch Bartlett from Craig-Hallum. Please go ahead.
Mitch Bartlett - Craig-Hallum
Yes. I just wanted to ask on the Dealer.com side on, both the advertising and websites. First, the advertising that number of subscribing dealers, very strong. You had guided down, perhaps a lot of turnover in the 3,000 or so Ford dealers that came on, what happened in the quarter. What that spend from Ford now look like margin wise and otherwise. Have you connected to these dealers on a longer term plan or what might be the outlook there? Could we see more turn in Ford going forward?
Mark O'Neil
Mitch, it's a great question. On Q1, I think we brought down expectations, probably a little aggressively. We never had such a short-term exclusivity period, but short, let me just leave it at that, but yes look, we want to take advantage of any exclusivity period is a good. Our anticipation was that with a very quick ramp, we wouldn't have enough time to really build a relationship with a dealer or retain them, but that said, the sales team and kudos to both, the Dealer.com and Dealertrack sales team working together, really went out there and engaged with customers, try to extend the relationship in terms of communicating the value proposition of working with Dealertrack and they have resonated with many of our - we are just executed well.
Now, can we sustain close to 100% of the business? Probably not, but I think it will be a very slow trickle off and I think we will continue to perform well with these dealers. In terms of how well, we are finding that a number of them are reasonable percent are now spending more dollars. They tried spending a few with us and it was a small program, measured in the hundreds of dollars, not thousands per dealer. We have had a number of those hundreds turn into thousands and for that we are feeling great. It doesn't bring our average spend, because the program was targeted in hundreds and not the thousands, and we are holding on to them.
Look, we will continue to work to up-sell. We will continue to I think build the program at Ford in terms of communicating through great results, our ability to execute for them and hopefully we will earn the right for them to be in interested in spending more through us.
Overall, we think that will generate more revenue for the program, because even if the number declines, because you can't maintain such a high volume and definitely, the spend per dealer will more than offset the decline in the dealers.
Mitch Bartlett - Craig-Hallum
I was also thinking from the opposite, if you excluded those Ford dealers, there is probably pretty good organic growth in the Dealer.com base prior to that.
Mark O'Neil
Absolutely, no question.
Mitch Bartlett - Craig-Hallum
Okay. Then on the website business, you alluded to a number of times about digital retailing being attached to your website business and doing fairly well. You don't break out that business, but how did the website business do?
Mark O'Neil
No. We don't breakout digital retailing. To give you both, the core website business did well, but given its scale right now and the significance of our penetration, we are relying on cross-selling additional solutions to website customers to really drive that average subscription dollar up. [Immersed] in our commentary and I'm sorry I wasn't clear on it, it really has start to pick up in Q3. There was very little Q2 digital retailing cross-sell. Most of that started out in Q3. In fact, we only just opened up the both, sales team about 30 days ago, so Q2 was a nice, let's see if it works as work on getting the integration complete from the technology perspective and now Q3 is the beginning of ramping up the sales initiatives.
Again, it will be a slow and steady right into Q4, but it's this kind of execution that gives us confidence in the sequential subscription growth quarter-to-quarter and this is one of those area that happens to be - I would say the team is executing particularly well with and the customers are very receptive to the offering.
Mitch Bartlett - Craig-Hallum
Just last one Dealer.com. In your slides, you have the numbers out there and online videos is a very big segment of the advertising opportunity. Do you participate there at Dealer.com?
Mark O'Neil
Yes. We do. It's pretty new category for dealers. The rate of technology movements are exceeding the average customer's ability to grab the value and just raw understanding of the technology, but we do offer it and we are starting to create some case studies to help the dealer understand the value of video and it is value. It has very high impact on close rates when a dealer uses video on their sites.
Mitch Bartlett - Craig-Hallum
Great. Thanks, Mark.
Mark O'Neil
You are welcome.
Thank you. (Operator Instructions) Our next question will come from (Inaudible) with Stifel. Please go ahead.
Unidentified Analyst
Sure. Thank you. Last quarter you noted some customer confusion surrounding certain overlapping products between you and Dealer.com. You earlier noted a launch a new CRM system and you noted were going to standardize on Dealer.com. Can you talk about the customer reception to that decision - dissipated as a result?
Mark O'Neil
Yes. The reception has been very good, in part because we have been very specific about what we are going to deliver and how that in new solution while it doesn't today have every component that either of the two individual solutions have. It will have and that's going to have it fairly quickly, so we are converting anything right now, say, who has a Dealertrack solution. They are happy with that, and if they are particularly focused on functionality that does not yet exist in the newly launched solution then we are not forced to convert that.
When we have all of what they have today and more that is better than we will convert on. That's a really good strategy for keeping your existing customer base happy as well as creating a lots of new clients, so far so good, our sales are exceeding our installation capacity, so we would call that a good metric for execution.
Eric Jacobs
Some of the [headwinds] were created, because we had sold quite well in NADA, the Dealertrack solution and now we had to go back to those customers and tell them a slightly different story.
Overall, CRM is not a large installed base, but it did have an impact in Q1 and Q2, but if you think of this overall - that impact of this is the largest acquisition we have ever done. I think, here we are in our really first full quarter, but thus fall the second quarter being together ha a business and the list of wins, the list of successes far exceeds any of the hurdles or the challenges you would expect particularly with the largest ever acquisition that we have done in our history, so we are really pleased with how well things are going. The teams are working well together, the customers are responsive the technology roadmaps are coming together. This is just terrific execution on behalf of the team.
Unidentified Analyst
That's excellent. Speaking of the technology roadmap, could you maybe give us an update on project FUSION, kind of the broader integration across all your products?
Mark O'Neil
Yes. That's a great question. It's continuing to go very well. With the existing suite of Dealertrack products project FUSION was what we substantially done by December, I would say substantially a well measured into the 90 percentile in terms of available and expected integrations.
The Dealer.com team has a very aggressive roadmap as well to create a components of FUSION, a number of those will be done by NADA, which is a month past the end of the year. Then a couple beyond NADA, but they won't be as nearly as impactful in terms of all workflows. There are some integrations that are more important than others, and the most important ones that we will be seeing by the time we show up at NADA, again, we are real happy with that execution as well.
Unidentified Analyst
Excellent, just one question for me for Eric. Eric, is there any seasonality in the advertising business that we should sort of anticipate as we look at our numbers kind of going forward here?
Eric Jacobs
Sure. Generally not quarter-to-quarter, within quarter, due to holidays, there is some seasonality, but you shouldn't really see it from your perspective.
Unidentified Analyst
Perfect. Thank you very much. Congrats on the quarter.
Eric Jacobs
Thanks very much.
Have another question from Mitch Bartlett from Craig-Hallum. Please go head.
Mitch Bartlett - Craig-Hallum
On your website, slideshow here, and especially that the spider web graph that shows the opportunity for further market penetration and ASR Pro gets his own little segment here and you highlighted it in the conversation on the call here. Is ASR Pro, which you said had $2 million in revenues and $1 million loss in EBITDA, is it that meaningful in parts and services as you go forward?
Mark O'Neil
Yes. Parts and service is huge. In absolute dollars, it doesn't compare to our new car sale. In profitability, it's the worse new car sales. It is where a dealer makes their money as cost estimate auto retail industry country called absorption, which is a percentage measure of what percent of your total costs are covered by parts and service revenue and most dealer strive to cover all their fixed cost through their arts and service operation that our fixed costs are running the entire dealership, so it is a really important part of the business. The nice part of ASR Pro is, it can sold independent of our DMS as well as fully integrated with our DMS. It strengthens our offering competitively, so that's why it has its own segment.
You noticed in size, they are pretty similar. They are both, really large and we haven't penetrated either nearly to the to the extent we see the potential, so lots of growth opportunity there and most of the realized sales are going to be with DMS, but we do anticipate them separate ones and part of that will be driven by OEM being interested in that solution and potentially mandating or recommending the dealers use our solution, so that also gives us the unique sales channel opportunity.
Mitch Bartlett - Craig-Hallum
Interesting. Thank you.
Mark O'Neil
You are welcome.
Thank you. I am not showing any further questions. I would like to turn the call over to Mr. Mark O'Neil for any closing remarks.
Mark O'Neil
Thanks, operator. Thanks everyone for the real nice commentary tonight. Look, like you guys, we think it was a pretty terrific quarter. The good news is, I think we have enough visibility the Dealer.com acquisition. Now we can say, we feel good about the next couple of quarters ahead of us as we round-out finishing up the year.
Look, overall, kudos to the team here. I think we executed well and I think we are going to in continue to execute well. Thanks for all your continued support and we will look forward to - some marketing coming up here up here in the quarter as well as the one-on-one meetings with the analyst team.
Just a reminder to all the analysts on the call, we are going to be hosting an Analyst Day in September, September, 11. It will be in New York City. It's going to be a terrific day, not only to talk about the business, but also to demo some of our products and really have you see first-hand, some of the terrific integrations we are creating and some of the ways that we are going to be transforming auto retailing in term of integrated work flows. Hopefully the analyst community can all join us for that day.
That's it, guys. Thanks a million. Take care. Bye.
Ladies and gentlemen, thank you for participating in today's conference. This concludes today's program. You may all disconnect. Everyone, have a great day.
Eric Jacobs
Thank you, operator.
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The possibility that U.S. spies located Osama bin Laden with help from detainees who'd been subjected to "enhanced interrogation" techniques seems certain to reopen the debate over practices that many have equated with torture, security experts said on Monday.
One of the key sources for initial information about an al Qaeda "courier" who led U.S. authorities to bin Laden's Pakistani hide-out was Khalid Sheikh Mohammed, a man US accused of masterminding the Sept. 11, 2001 attacks, a former U.S. national security official said.
KSM, as he was known to U.S. officials, was subjected to "waterboarding" 183 times, the U.S. government has acknowledged.
But it was not until later, after waterboarding was suspended because it and other harsh techniques became heatedly debated, that Mohammed told interrogators about the existence of a courier particularly close to bin Laden, a fragmentary tip that ended in bin Laden's death at the hands of U.S. special forces on Sunday.
And at the time the information surfaced, the CIA had already abandoned some of its most controversial interrogation techniques, including waterboarding, in which water is poured over the face of an interrogation subject to simulate drowning, current and former U.S. officials told Reuters.
But the possibility that detainees who at some point were subjected to physical coercion later gave up information leading to bin Laden's discovery is sparking discussion among intelligence experts as to whether he could have been found without them.
"Info in 2004"
"It will reignite a debate that hasn't gone away about the morality and ethicacy of certain techniques," said Richard Haas, president of the Council on Foreign Relations.
"Waterboarding" and other physically-coercive interrogation techniques used on detained militants, including depriving them of sleep, making them pose in uncomfortable positions, and slamming them into walls, were authorized by President George W. Bush in the wake of the September 11 attacks.
The tactics were used on detainees kidnapped by the CIA at secret prisons outside the United States.
In 2004, the CIA suspended these techniques. Subsequent revelations about agency practices led to charges the United States had engaged in torture.
But former U.S. officials told Reuters of a sequence of events that raises questions about whether the enhanced interrogation means played a significant role in bin Laden's capture.
A former U.S. counter-terrorism official who was briefed on detainee information about bin Laden and his entourage said, for instance, the CIA stopped using harsh interrogation methods on KSM after 2003.
But the first key intelligence reports identifying the al Qaeda courier reached U.S. counter-terrorism officials in 2004, according to a former U.S. national security official with direct personal knowledge.
The official said that for three years after the CIA stopped subjecting him to coercive measures, KSM continued to talk extensively. It was during this period, the official said, that he believes KSM gave up information about the courier.
A second former U.S. official said that while he did not remember which detainee gave up the key tip about the courier, he confirmed that the information came in in 2004, after the CIA had abandoned waterboarding but before it had completely stopped the use of physically stressful techniques.
This official, and two other current intelligence officials, said that in their view the main objective of the enhanced interrogation techniques was to break down resistance of detainees.
"You didn't use the techniques if they started talking," one of the officials said.
Obama Administration officials confirmed the sequence of events -- U.S. intelligence did not learn the identity of the courier until after the CIA interrogation program was terminated.
Administration officials also said it was not until August 2010 that U.S. authorities learned the location of the fortified mansion in Abbottabad, Pakistan, where U.S. special forces troops killed bin Laden during a commando raid on Sunday.
Nearly 250,000 children under 5 suffer from severe acute malnutrition because of Boko Haram insurgency, says UNICEF
'If the Russians would do the right thing in Syria ... we're willing to work with them,' US defense chief says
Boris Johnson, the favored candidate to succeed David Cameron, drops out after an erstwhile ally decides to oppose him
- Al-Hasai district, one of ISIL's most important strongholds outside Fallujah, is now under Iraqi army control
Every terrorist attack only strengthens Nigeria's resolve to stand shoulder-to-shoulder with Turkey, Buhari says
German chancellor hails recent socio-economic reforms in Bosnia and Herzegovina
NATO could have a 4,000-strong rapid response team in Eastern Europe
Thousands give standing ovation and clap hands to honor Istanbul attack victims before football game begins in France
Policy expected to be fully implemented by next July, defense chief says
Extremism 'constitutes one of the most serious threats to international peace and security,' Council says
Navy investigation finds failures at multiple levels
Annual US Trafficking in Persons Report upgrades Thailand from lowest tier, but warns problem 'remains large'
Strategy to retake northern city from ISIL is changed after original plan is leaked by MPs
Jewish lawmakers and former chief rabbi attack Labour Party leader for alleged remarks at anti-Semitism conference
According to an eyewitness, bomb attack left passengers 'shredded'


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The following lists the discussion papers and final revised papers published within the last 60 days.
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28 Jun 2016
Spatial variability of some soil properties varies in oil palm (
Elaeis guineensis
Jacq.) plantations of west coastal area of India
Sanjib Kumar Behera, Kancherla Suresh, Bezawada Narsimha Rao, Ravi Kumar Mathur, Arvind Kumar Shukla, Kamireddy Manorama, Kummari Ramachandrudu, Parasa Harinarayana, and Chandra Prakash
Solid Earth, 7, 979-993,
Short summary
This study analyzed the spatial variability of some soil properties in surface and subsurface soil layers of oil palm plantations in the south Goa district of Goa situated in western coastal area of India. The studied soil properties in surface and subsurface layers varied widely. Geostatistical analysis revealed different spatial distribution patterns for the soil properties. The generated prediction maps are useful for site-specific soil nutrient management in the area.
28 Jun 2016
Vegetation greenness response to water availability in northern China from 1982 to 2006
Fengtai Zhang and Youzhi An
Solid Earth, 7, 995-1002,
Short summary
The relationship between satellite-observed normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI) data as a proxy for vegetation greenness and water availability (rainfall and soil moisture) can greatly improve our understanding of how vegetation greenness responds to water availability fluctuations. Using Sen and Pearson's correlation methods, we analyzed the spatiotemporal variation of vegetation greenness for both the entire year and the growing season (GS,4–10) in northern China from 1982 to 2006.
27 Jun 2016
Defining a Mid-Holocene earthquake through speleoseismological and independent data: constraints for the outer Central Apennines (Italy) seismotectonic framework
Alessandra Di Domenica and Alberto Pizzi
Solid Earth Discuss.,
Manuscript under review for SE
(discussion: open, 0 comments)
Short summary
Speleoseismological investigations have been adopted to characterize a complex tectonically active area in the easternmost sector of the Central Apennines. Evidence of earthquake damages have been recognized in the analyzed cave. Radiocarbon dating and the correspondence with independent data collected outside the cave, provide constraints for the individuation of a M~7 Mid-Holocene earthquake and for the identification of the nearby Sulmona normal fault as the most likely causative structure.
27 Jun 2016
A multi-stage 3D stress field modelling approach exemplified in the Bavarian Molasse Basin
Moritz O. Ziegler, Oliver Heidbach, John Reinecker, Anna M. Przybycin, and Magdalena Scheck-Wenderoth
Solid Earth Discuss.,
Manuscript under review for SE
(discussion: open, 0 comments)
Short summary
Subsurface engineering relies on sparsely distributed datapoints of the stress state of the earth's crust. 3D geomechanical numerical modelling is applied to estimate the stress state in the entire volume of a large area. We present a multi-stage approach of differently sized models which provide the stress state in an area of interest derived from few and widely scattered data records. Furthermore we demonstrate the changes in reliability of the model depending on different input parameters.
27 Jun 2016
Fully probabilistic seismic source inversion – Part 2: Modelling errors and station covariances
Simon C. Stähler and Karin Sigloch
Solid Earth Discuss.,
Manuscript under review for SE
(discussion: open, 0 comments)
Short summary
Seismic source inversion is the method of inferring the spatial orientation of an earthquake source from seismic records. The results come with large uncertainties, which we try to estimate with a Bayesian approach. We propose an empirical relationship for a likelihood function based on a large dataset of deterministic solutions. This allows to use the cross-correlation coefficient as a misfit criterion, which is better suited for waveform comparison than the popular root mean square or
22 Jun 2016
3D GPS velocity field and its implications on the present-day postorogenic deformation of the Western Alps and Pyrenees
Hai Ninh Nguyen, Philippe Vernant, Stephane Mazzotti, Giorgi Khazaradze, and Eva Asensio
Solid Earth Discuss.,
Manuscript under review for SE
(discussion: open, 0 comments)
Short summary
We present a new 3D GPS velocity solution for 182 sites for the region encompassing the Western Alps, Pyrenees. The only significant horizontal deformation (0.2 mm yr
over a distance of 50 km) is a NNE-SSW extension in the western Pyrenees. In contrast, significant uplift rates up to 2 mm yr
occur in the Western Alps but not in the Pyrenees. A correlation between site elevations and fast uplift rates in the Western Alps suggests that part of this uplift is induced by postglacial rebound.
20 Jun 2016
Seismic structure beneath the Gulf of Aqaba and adjacent areas based on the tomographic inversion of regional earthquake data
Sami El Khrepy, Ivan Koulakov, Nassir Al-Arifi, and Alexey G. Petrunin
Solid Earth, 7, 965-978,
Short summary
Three-dimensional seismic structures beneath the Gulf of Aqaba are presented for the first time for the southern part of the Dead Sea. A regional earthquake tomography method is applied to
waves data. The new results indicate new perspectives suggesting an oceanic nature of the crust in the northern part of the Red Sea, disagreeing with the hypothesis of a gradual stretching of the continental crust.
16 Jun 2016
Responses of aeolian desertification to a range of climate scenarios in China
Xunming Wang, Ting Hua, and Wenyong Ma
Solid Earth, 7, 959-964,
16 Jun 2016
Land use and land cover change based on historical space-time model
Qiong Sun, Chi Zhang, Min Liu, and Yongjing Zhang
Solid Earth Discuss.,
Manuscript under review for SE
(discussion: open, 0 comments)
09 Jun 2016
Joint interpretation of magnetotelluric, seismic, and well-log data in Hontomín (Spain)
Xènia Ogaya, Juan Alcalde, Ignacio Marzán, Juanjo Ledo, Pilar Queralt, Alex Marcuello, David Martí, Eduard Saura, Ramon Carbonell, and Beatriz Benjumea
Solid Earth, 7, 943-958,
Short summary
This paper explores the compatibility of seismic and magnetotelluric methods across scales highlighting the importance of joint interpretation in reservoir characterisation. The combination of the two methods together with well-log data at the Hontomín CO
storage pilot plant (Spain) allowed a detailed characterisation of the shallow subsurface and defined the structural and fluid flow characteristics of the existing faults, which are key aspects for the risk assessment of the site.
09 Jun 2016
X-ray CT analysis of pore structure in sand
Toshifumi Mukunoki, Yoshihisa Miyata, Kazuaki Mikami, and Erika Shiota
Solid Earth, 7, 929-942,
Short summary
In this study, a specimen of sand was scanned to evaluate pore structure quantitatively using a micro-focused X-ray CT scanner. The representative volume to perform reasonable image analysis for sand was discussed, and then the spatial distribution of pore diameter in 3-D was visualized and evaluated quantitatively by granulometric image analysis. Also, the voxel-percolation analysis was newly proposed in this study to assess capillary pressure and saturation degree by pore diameter analyzed.
08 Jun 2016
Combined effects of grain size, flow volume and channel width on geophysical flow mobility: 3-D discrete element modeling of dry and dense flows of angular rock fragments
Bruno Cagnoli and Antonio Piersanti
Solid Earth Discuss.,
Manuscript under review for SE
(discussion: open, 0 comments)
Short summary
The purpose of our research is to understand the mechanisms that determine the mobility of granular flows of rock fragments. Since rock avalanches and pyroclastic flows are too dangerous to be studied at close range, we use numerical modelling and laboratory experiments. We focus on the fundamentals upon which new numerical simulations able to predict the behaviours of natural flows will be built. These fundamentals include the effects of grain size, flow volume and channel width.
07 Jun 2016
Estimations of soil fertility in physically degraded agricultural soils through selective accounting of fine earth and gravel fractions
Mavinakoppa S. Nagaraja, Ajay Kumar Bhardwaj, G. V. Prabhakara Reddy, Chilakunda A. Srinivasamurthy, and Sandeep Kumar
Solid Earth, 7, 897-903,
Short summary
Three nutrient stock estimation methods, generalized soil mass (GSM), bulk-density-based soil mass (BDSM) and the proportion of fine earth volume (FEV) method, were compared to estimate organic C and major available nutrient stocks in physically degraded agricultural soils of southern India. The stocks were lowest using FEV method followed by GSM and BDSM method. The study highlights the importance of estimation methods to obtain realistic estimates for the development of degraded land areas.
07 Jun 2016
Desertification of forest, range and desert in Tehran province, affected by climate change
Hadi Eskandari, Moslem Borji, Hassan Khosravi, and Tayebeh Mesbahzadeh
Solid Earth, 7, 905-915,
07 Jun 2016
X-ray CT analyses, models and numerical simulations: a comparison with petrophysical analyses in an experimental CO
Steven Henkel, Dieter Pudlo, Frieder Enzmann, Viktor Reitenbach, Daniel Albrecht, Leonhard Ganzer, and Reinhard Gaupp
Solid Earth, 7, 917-927,
Short summary
This study investigates the experimentally induced effects of CO
storage on underground reservoir sandstones by applying high-resolution computer tomography and standard petrophysical methods. The results of digital rock physic calculations derived from the
-CT scans are compared with measurements achieved by the standard methods. Both approaches lead to similar results for coarse- and medium-grained sandstones but differ for fine-grained sediments.
01 Jun 2016
Structural geology and geophysics as a support to build a hydrogeologic model of granite rock
Lurdes Martinez-Landa, Jesús Carrera, Andrés Pérez-Estaún, Paloma Gómez, and Carmen Bajos
Solid Earth, 7, 881-895,
Short summary
In the present study we present a methodology of how structural geology and geophysics techniques, together with hydrochemical and hydraulic data, can help in identifying the main fractures that conduct most of the groundwater flow in a granitic pluton (low-permeability fractured media). Using the values of transmissivities obtained from 3-D numerical models of the local hydraulic test interpretation, we have been able to reproduce the effect of a large-scale and long-term pumping test.
31 May 2016
Folding and necking across the scales: a review of theoretical and experimental results and their applications
Stefan Markus Schmalholz and Neil Mancktelow
Solid Earth Discuss.,
Manuscript under review for SE
(discussion: open, 0 comments)
Short summary
About 200 years ago in 1815 Sir James Hall made his famous analogue experiments which showed probably for the first time that natural folds in ductile rock are the result of a horizontal compression. If such rocks are extended, then the rock layers can thin only locally which is a process termed necking and the resulting structure is often termed pinch-and-swell. We review here theoretical and experimental results on folding and necking on all geological scales.
30 May 2016
Oblique collision and deformation partitioning in the SW Iberian Variscides
Irene Pérez-Cáceres, José Fernando Simancas, David Martínez Poyatos, Antonio Azor, and Francisco González Lodeiro
Solid Earth, 7, 857-872,
30 May 2016
Investigation of the relationship between landform classes and electrical conductivity (EC) of water and soil using a fuzzy model in a GIS environment
Marzieh Mokarram and Dinesh Sathyamoorthy
Solid Earth, 7, 873-880,
Short summary
In this study, the relationship between landform classes and electrical conductivity (EC) of water and soil for wheat crops was determined using a combination of a GIS and a fuzzy model. The results show that EC of water is high for valley classes while the EC of soil is high in upland drainage.
27 May 2016
Dilatant normal faulting in jointed cohesive rocks: a physical model study
Michael Kettermann, Christoph von Hagke, Heijn W. van Gent, Christoph Grützner, and Janos L. Urai
Solid Earth, 7, 843-856,
Short summary
We present an analogue modeling study on the interaction of pre-existing joints and normal faults using cohesive powder. We vary the angle between joints and a rigid basement fault and analyze interpreted map-view photographs at maximum displacement for various parameters and compare to nature. Results show a clear effect of increasing angle between joints and faults on fault geometry, fracture density and connectivity. These information can help interpreting fractured layers in the subsurface.
24 May 2016
Multi-quadric collocation model of horizontal crustal movement
Gang Chen, Anmin Zeng, Feng Ming, and Yifan Jing
Solid Earth, 7, 817-825,
Short summary
In this paper, we presented a new method on the basis of a collocation and multi-quadric equation interpolation. We introduce a multi-quadric kernel function to determine the covariance of local deformation and use the method to be a simple approximation of the covariance function. We established a horizontal velocity field model for the Chinese mainland by using a set of observed velocity data of GPS stations. The result is simple and reasonable and has a significant reference value.
24 May 2016
Basement structure of the Hontomín CO
storage site (Spain) determined by integration of microgravity and 3-D seismic data
Juvenal Andrés, Juan Alcalde, Puy Ayarza, Eduard Saura, Ignacio Marzán, David Martí, José Ramón Martínez Catalán, Ramón Carbonell, Andrés Pérez-Estaún, José Luis García-Lobón, and Félix Manuel Rubio
Solid Earth, 7, 827-841,
18 May 2016
Seismic imaging in the eastern Scandinavian Caledonides: siting the 2.5 km deep COSC-2 borehole, central Sweden
Christopher Juhlin, Peter Hedin, David G. Gee, Henning Lorenz, Thomas Kalscheuer, and Ping Yan
Solid Earth, 7, 769-787,
Short summary
For this paper, ca. 55 km high-resolution reflection seismic data were interpreted using constraints from magnetotelluric, potential field, and geological data. The resulting integrated geological-geophysical section through the central Caledonides in Sweden provides new insights about the regional tectonic setting, and supplies the basis for siting the second drill hole of the Collisional Orogeny in the Scandinavian Caledonides (COSC) scientific drilling project.
18 May 2016
Mechanisms of clay smear formation in unconsolidated sediments – insights from 3-D observations of excavated normal faults
Michael Kettermann, Sebastian Thronberens, Oscar Juarez, Janos Lajos Urai, Martin Ziegler, Sven Asmus, and Ulrich Krüger
Solid Earth, 7, 789-815,
Short summary
We present exceptional 3-D outcrop data of clay smears in freshly cut trenches of Miocene unconsolidated deltaic clay–sand sequences in an active lignite quarry in the Lower Rhine Embayment. We aim to identify and investigate processes that entrain clay into a fault or breach of formed clay smear. We show the importance of host rock deformation, grain-scale mixing and source layering on clay smear geometry by providing 2-D cross sections and 3-D thickness data of complete clay smear sequences.
18 May 2016
The imprint of crustal density heterogeneities on regional seismic wave propagation
Agnieszka Plonka, Nienke Blom, and Andreas Fichtner
Solid Earth Discuss.,
Manuscript under review for SE
(discussion: open, 1 comment)
Short summary
Imaging the inside of the Earth requires knowledge of how the Earth's properties affect seismic recordings. However, certain properties, like density, affect seismograms in a way that is not fully known. Using numerical simulations, we can calculate a synthetic seismogram for a medium with and without density heterogeneities, and then compare the two signals. That way, we quantify the density effect on a seismogram. We also show that it is visible and growing as the wavefield gets scattered.
17 May 2016
Three-dimensional structural model of the Qaidam basin: Implications for crustal shortening and growth of the northeast Tibet
Jianming Guo, Xuebing Wei, Guohui Long, Bo Wang, and Shiyang Xu
Solid Earth Discuss.,
Manuscript under review for SE
(discussion: final response, 2 comments)
Short summary
In this paper, we reconstruct the main geological structures and surfaces in three dimensions through the interpolation of regularly spaced 2D seismic sections, constrained by wells data and surface geology of the Qaidam basin to reconstruct Cenozoic tectonic history of the Qaidam basin and decipher how the northeast Tibet was formed.
12 May 2016
The Pollino 2012 seismic sequence: clues from continuous radon monitoring
Antonio Piersanti, Valentina Cannelli, and Gianfranco Galli
Solid Earth Discuss.,
Manuscript under review for SE
(discussion: final response, 2 comments)
Short summary
We investigate in an innovative way the dynamics of radon emanation in a seismically active area. We analyzed three years of data, collected during a long term radon monitoring experiment. The complexity of the relationships among the investigated variables led us to consider the problem both from a phenomenological point of view and by means of original numerical analyses. Different approaches converge on the existence of a physical relation between soil radon emanation and seismicity.
12 May 2016
New data on geology of the Southern Urals: a concise summary of research after the period of EUROPROBE activity
Victor Puchkov
Solid Earth Discuss.,
Manuscript under review for SE
(discussion: open, 2 comments)
Short summary
The period between 1991–2005 was time when many western geologists were coming to the Urals to get a closer look at this famous and extraordinarily rich region. The main reason was an openness policy of the USSR government, when foreigners were admitted to this formerly almost closed area. The co-operation of the western geologists with local specialists was very fruitful. The author decided to tell what interesting happened to the Uralian geology after the learned guests left the country.
09 May 2016
Geopotential field anomalies and regional tectonic features – two case studies: southern Africa and Germany
Monika Korte and Mioara Mandea
Solid Earth, 7, 751-768,
Short summary
We investigated characteristics of magnetic anomalies over southern Africa (South Africa, Namibia, and Botswana) and Germany on different scales and also compared them to gravity gradient anomalies. Such anomalies provide information relevant to understanding geological and tectonic structures. Our results indicate a better agreement between anomalies caused by shallow and deeper structures in the southern African area than in the German area.
09 May 2016
Discussing the genesis of karst rocky desertification research based on the correlations between cropland and settlements in typical peak-cluster depressions
Yang Bing Li, Qiong Yao Li, Guang Jie Luo, Xiao Yong Bai, Yong Yan Wang, Shi Jie Wang, Jing Xie, and Guang Bin Yang
Solid Earth, 7, 741-750,
Short summary
In karst mountainous areas in Southwest China, sloping land is overly reclaimed. Why are farmers doing this? Through typical case studies of peak-cluster depression areas, we found that low land carrying capacity and high population pressure where farmers carry out extreme steep reclamation activities are the main reasons for desert-like landscapes; this is a kind of land degradation which occurs in vulnerable karst dryland socioecological systems.
04 May 2016
Development of a numerical workflow based on
-CT imaging for the determination of capillary pressure–saturation-specific interfacial area relationship in 2-phase flow pore-scale porous-media systems: a case study on Heletz sandstone
Aaron Peche, Matthias Halisch, Alexandru Bogdan Tatomir, and Martin Sauter
Solid Earth, 7, 727-739,
Short summary
In this case study, we compute georeservoir specific capillary pressure-saturation- interfacial area relationships by implementing a FEM-based two-phase flow model on μ-CT-based modelling domains. We propose a recommended practice for deriving a model and model setup for the successful modelling of such types of problems on micro-CT obtained geometries.
29 Apr 2016
Effect of polluted water on soil and plant contamination by heavy metals in El-Mahla El-Kobra, Egypt
Esawy Kasem Mahmoud and Adel Mohamed Ghoneim
Solid Earth, 7, 703-711,
Short summary
Delta drains receive high concentrations of organic and inorganic pollutants from industrial, domestic as well as diffuse agricultural waste water. High priority should be given to Zefta and drain no.5 sites which receive high loads of pollutants. This was confirmed by the lower water quality and polluted soils, especially by heavy metals in the El-Mahla El-Kobra area.
29 Apr 2016
Vegetation cover change detection and assessment in arid environment using multi-temporal remote sensing images and ecosystem management approach
Anwar Abdelrahman Aly, Abdulrasoul Mosa Al-Omran, Abdulazeam Shahwan Sallam, Mohammad Ibrahim Al-Wabel, and Mohammad Shayaa Al-Shayaa
Solid Earth, 7, 713-725,
Short summary
The use of a holistic ecosystem approach for sustainable development of fragile ecosystem of Al-Kharj, Saudi Arabia, was found valuable. A comprehensive analysis of the ecosystem was carried out to determine the complex relationships between agronomic and social dimensions. The major ecosystem change detected by RS was the increase of vegetation cover area between years 1987 and 2000 by 107.4 %; however, it decreased by 27.5 % between 2000 and 2013.
29 Apr 2016
Soil wind erosion in ecological olive trees in the Tabernas desert (S.E. Spain): a wind tunnel experiment
Carlos Asensio, Francisco Javier Lozano, Pedro Gallardo, and Antonio Giménez
Solid Earth Discuss.,
Manuscript under review for SE
(discussion: open, 4 comments)
Short summary
Climate and soil surface conditions influence the erosive capacity of the wind, causing loss of soil productivity. Wind erosion leads soil drying and its loss of nutrients, and this in turn is conditioned by soil surface compaction. The impact of management on most of soil properties and on its wind erodibility determines agricultural productivity and sustainability. We used a new wind tunnel to evaluate all these acts.
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