text:
ROME — U.S. Defense Secretary Ash Carter said Wednesday the U.S.-led coalition has not agreed to cooperate with Russia in the fight against the Islamic State and no collaboration is possible as long as Moscow continues to strike other targets. Continue reading
WASHINGTON — President Barack Obama seemed to call Hillary Rodham Clinton's idea of a no-fly zone in Syria "half-baked." Continue reading
In our news wrap Tuesday, the head of NATO rejected Russia's claim that its planes twice accidentally strayed into Turkey while on bombing runs in Syria, calling the actions "unacceptable." Also, at a meeting of European officials in Brussels. Turkey warned that 3 million more refugees could flee the fighting in Syria. Continue reading
In our news wrap Monday, a cargo ship caught in the path of Hurricane Joaquin has sunk, along with 33 people on board. Also, a Russian fighter jet that crossed into Turkey over the weekend fared tensions over the air campaign in Syria. Continue reading
Raging wildfires this season in Russia have turned the shores of Lake Baikal, the world's largest and deepest freshwater lake in Siberia, into an inferno. NewsHour's Stephen Fee reports. Continue reading
President Barack Obama is rejecting Russia's military campaign in Syria, saying it fails to distinguish between terrorist groups and moderate rebel forces with a legitimate interest in a negotiated end to the civil war. Continue reading
As Russia launched more airstrikes in Syria, President Obama announced that the U.S. would not use the Syrian conflict as a superpower proxy war. Overnight, the U.S.-led coalition demanded that Russia stop targeting groups other than the Islamic State. Chief foreign affairs correspondent Margaret Warner reports that fighters with the Free Syrian Army say they are being attacked. Continue reading
The Pentagon is grappling with whether the U.S. should use military force to protect U.S. trained and equipped Syrian rebels now that they may be the targets of Russian airstrikes. Continue reading
Unleashing another round of airstrikes in Syria, the Russian military maintain they're targeting the Islamic State, but the Pentagon and a rebel group backed by the CIA challenged that account. Amid the conflicting claims, Russian and American military officials discussed airspace via teleconference. Chief foreign affairs correspondent Margaret Warner discusses the situation with Judy Woodruff. Continue reading
Hours after the Russian parliament authorized military action in Syria, aircraft bombed a number of sites in Syria. But exactly what the Russians hit — and why — remain unclear. Moscow reported attacking Islamic State targets, but the Free Syrian Army — a Western-backed faction that opposes the Assad regime — charged their forces were hit. Hari Sreenivasan reports. Continue reading


text:
Picture: The Alice's Limo Toon Rotate attraction, jealously considered to be the best wooden attraction at Disneyland
The Alice's Limo Toon Rotate queue is like a walking tour inside the seedy side of Toontown. The attraction limos are shaped like Benny the Cup, and as you drive you can rotate them by yanking the dashboard.
Beware Zombie Mode
© copyright 2011–2016
A Pants Aflame production

subset: commoncrawl


text:
It's a tee. It's a dress. It's the new Graphic T-shirt Dress.
A view of "The Pike" area of Long Beach, California, resplendent with holiday lights. (The ferris wheel is real; the roller coaster is not a ride but a sculpture meant as a tribute to the original Pike amusement park.)
celeste m celeste mookherjee christmas card christmas lights ferris wheel holiday card holiday lights roller coaster
card 2
card 1 (alternate greeting)
10% off
for joining the Redbubble mailing list
Receive exclusive deals and awesome artist news and content right to your inbox.
Free for your convenience.


text:
Sobering data presented on underage drinking
There are 4 comments on the Journal-Register story from Mar 20, 2010, titled Sobering data presented on underage drinking. In it, Journal-Register reports that:
On the night before St. Patrick's Day, a town hall meeting by the Genesee/Orleans Council on Alcoholism and Substance Abuse presented sobering information about underage drinking to a 60-person-strong crowd of parents and students.
Join the discussion below, or Read more at Journal-Register.
#1 Mar 21, 2010
i enjoyed the town meeting. it was great to hear how the judges and officers work together. if the parents would not keep booze in the home their would be less chance of them getting into it.i could not believe parents serve booze to their teenagers. what are they thinking?i know of a mother who use to drink with her daughter.we all need to get involved in this drinking and drug problem.
#2 Mar 26, 2012
as long as we continue to look at drinking as socially acceptable thing, the problem is not going to go away.Do it in front of your young children and they will grow up thinking that it's ok to drink.
#3 Mar 26, 2012
You all obviously never heard of prohibition. I think its time to put the drinking age back to 18 . That alone would illuminate 75% of under age drinking. Gecsa is a joke. Its a place for boozers and druggies to hook up and get better connected. None but the abuser can stop you from your bad habits but yourself. Lets throw some more money at it. After all those counselors, courts and prisons are an economy of their own. Its all about money. You people are stuuuuuuuuupid.
#4 Mar 30, 2012
A.A. is for QUITTERS. I do my twelve step program, which is a dance routine, during the two party system, which every friday and saturday night.
Tell me when this thread is updated:Subscribe Now Add to my Tracker
Add your comments below
St. Patrick's Day Discussions
|Last By
|Concern over anti-Irish sentiment in Scotland, USA
|Apr '16
|Just Sayin
|A pub for any taste: The Bar Hop's local option... (Apr '14)
|Apr '16
|Elise Gingerich
|Irish 'Parlour' to open at former Dubh Linn Squ...
|Apr '16
|glenn maze
|Buffalo named 2nd best large city in America fo...
|Mar '16
|Aint dat da troof
|Plattsburgh celebrates St. Patty's Day with a n...
|Mar '16
|Eat, drink, be merry in Erie this St. Patrick's...
|Mar '16
|To gay groups, St. Patrick's parade ends an era...
|Mar '16
|Magic Utah Uwear
Find what you want!
Search St. Patrick's Day Forum Now
Copyright © 2016 Topix LLC


text:
Release Date:
May 20, 2008
Date Published:
May 20, 2008
When Robey Childs's mother experiences a premonition about her husband, a Civil War soldier, she sends her only son to retrieve his father from the battlefield, accompanied by a horse that becomes his only companion as he makes his way through the destruction of war.
- Publisher: Algonquin Books
- Pages: 229
- Edition: Reprint
- Language: English
- Release Date: May 20, 2008
- Author: Robert Olmstead
other Info.
- Online Item #: 11552035
- Store Item Number (DPCI): 248-08-2256
- Item can be gift wrapped.
- Made in the USA or Imported


text:
Kingston Fence Repair
1. The Home Depot Fencing Installation
They do a great job in helping you pick out exactly what you want. We needed a pretty tall fence that our dog couldn't scale and the installation wa…
2. Taylor Fence Inc.
2786 State Route 209Wurtsboro, NY 12790
From Business: We install all custom fencing chainlink, pvc, aluminum, wood, guardrail, railings, all at affordable prices. We offer same day estimate
3. Ohioville Fence Company
573 Hickorybush RoadKingston, NY 12401
4. Mertine Fencing
66 Tubby StKingston, NY 12401
From Business: Custom made fences to order Mertine Fencing provides complete fence installation and repair services in Kingston, NY, and surrounding areas. You already have the pe…
5. Ohioville Fence Co.
221 North Ohioville Rd.New Paltz, NY 12561
From Business: Call us for all of your fencing needs, whether you need a brand new installation or repair an existing fence.We can remove your old fence and replace it with new!We…
Showing1-5 of 5results


text:
4 bd2.5 ba
house1928 sqftSweet Rental opportunity in the heart of Sugar Land. 4 Bedrooms, upgrades throughout and ready... More
Unfortunately nothing matches this search criteria. Try removing a filter or two
Or check out these popular homes
Summary for Sugar Land, TX
Median rental price for rentals in Sugar Land, TX for May was $1,850, an increase of 10% compared to the same period last year.
1 Result


text:
United States Historical Society Ltd Edition 12" Mary Custis Lee W/orig Box
This item has been shown 0 times.
United States Historical Society Ltd Edition 12" Mary Custis Lee W/orig Box:
style="text-decoration:none" height="21px" valign="middle" face="arial"
This is an official Limited Edition Living Image Doll, commissioned by the United States Historical Society at an issue price of $575 in 1985. Approx. 12" tall and one of 2500. Crafted entirely by hand, from the carefully sculptured porcelain face and hands to the hand-sewn costume. Fine detailed character doll with museum quality! Comes with original box but no certificate. Excellent condition. See name in title.Please look at photos very well as they are a large part of the description. If something shows in a photo, I don't waste your time by mentioning it. I want you extremely happy so if you receive something that you are not happy with, please contact me instead of leaving me less than 5 stars or leaving a negative. I will always do my best to give you 5 star service! I am human so I will not always be perfect but WILL make you feel good about buying from me. I do appreciate you so very much!
I do combine orders to save you money on shipping. I will send combined invoices at the end of each sales day.
I happily ship overseas but please be patient as shipping takes a long time sometimes. style="text-decoration:none"
United States Historical Society Ltd Edition 12" Mary Custis Lee W/orig Box:
Nib Princess Diana "princess Of Nobility" Franklin Mint
Franklin Mint Roman Empress Julia Ensemble ~ Fits Tonner
Franklin Mint Princess Diana Red Dress W/ Bow Ensemble Cert Of Authenticity Nib
Gone With The Wind Porcelian "melanie" Franklin Heirloom Collection Doll
Madame Lucie 19" Porcelain Doll By Maryse Nicole/franklin Mint Heirloom
Franklin Mint Coca-cola Doll Caitlin / Bear


text:
Coventry Rent To Own
1. Action Equipment Rental & Sales
415 W Main StNorwich, CT 06360
From Business: Homeowners - Contractors - Party Supplies *Truck Rentals Available *Moonwalk Rentals *Job Site Delivery Available
2. CORT Furniture Rental & Clearance Center
Does not serve any part of Wyoming
3. T & A Bling Jewelry Rent to Own and Accesories
2 Chapman LnGales Ferry, CT 06335
4. Dream Center
35 Quaker LnWarwick, RI 02886
5. Rac Acceptance
1500 Bald Hill RdWarwick, RI 02886
6. ColorTyme
80 Manton AveProvidence, RI 02909
7. ColorTyme
50 Plainfield StProvidence, RI 02909
8. ColorTyme
265 Barton StPawtucket, RI 02860
9. Rac Acceptance
1120 Newport AveAttleboro, MA 02703
10. ColorTyme
825 Front StWoonsocket, RI 02895
11. ColorTyme
77 Salem Tpke # 113Norwich, CT 06360
12. Johnson's Hardware Rental & Repair
Rented a woodchipper Friday at 5pm, told me I could return in Sunday morning for the cost of a day. I return it Sunday morning and they insist on ch…
13. Let's Party Inc
142 W Main StNorton, MA 02766
14. RAC Acceptance
221 Hartford AveBellingham, MA 02019
15. Best Rents Plus
first of all please learn how to spell. second of all did you ever stop to think that maybe someone was having a bad day when you are bad mouthing t…
16. Lease To Own Restaurant Equipment
They also have reliable delivery. They deliver the goods right on time and the appliances are well taken care of.
17. Lease To Own Dishwasher
Wow, all I can say is these guys know their stuff. I was renting for 10 years now I finally own my dishwasher. I would recommend them to anyone in a…
18. Dream CenterMOVED
714 Centre of New England BlvdCoventry, RI 02816
From Business: Get new mattress sets for as low as $50 down and low, interest free, weekly payments starting at $20 per week!
19. Best Rents Plus - CLOSED
The best prices, customer service and the store manager is a really good looking man .\r well they are professional people and they know how to tak…
20. TRS Inc
1681 Quaker LnWest Warwick, RI 02893
21. Rent-A-Center
1800 Post RdWarwick, RI 02886
From Business: Our stores offer name-brand furniture, electronics, appliances and computers through flexible rental purchase agreements that allow the customer to obtain ownership…
22. Taylor Rental Of Warwick
2296 Post RdWarwick, RI 02886
23. Aaron's
The manager at this location does not have good people skills. Only efficiently sends his men to your house when you're a day late. However, forgot …
24. Taylor Rental
47 Milford StMendon, MA 01756
From Business: Mendon Taylor Rental is a party and event center for the residents of the Greater Milford area in Massachusetts. The company provides serving items, flatware, glass…
25. Weiss Furniture
Greg and Mike Know their stuff about beds. \r \r My father in law purchased two twin beds to put together to make a king. Him and his wifer like…
26. R A C Acceptance
100 Highland AveSeekonk, MA 02771
27. Taunton Rental
387 Winthrop StTaunton, MA 02780
From Business: We cover all your needs from your child's birthday party, to your wedding to needing equipment to finish your bathroom or kitchen remodel. We make the rental experi…
28. First Choice Sales & Lease
1 Clinton StWoonsocket, RI 02895
29. R J B Leasing Inc
477 Smith StProvidence, RI 02908
30. Acceptance Now
558 Mineral Spring AvePawtucket, RI 02860


text: AdChoices Terms of Use Privacy Policy Hide TOP 10 Top 10 Dating Top 10: Perverted Behaviors To Stop Share Tweet 0 Shares 5. Sending her photos of your penis Thinstock Sexting is the new phone sex. There's no "what are you wearing?" or heavy breathing, just a randomly placed explicit pic at any time of the day. It's actually not a bad thing at all and keeps the relationship exciting because it proves you're still attracted to her and think about her in a dirty way during the day or late at night when she isn't around. What isn't acceptable is randomly sending pics of your penis while she is in the middle of a sales meeting or at lunch with her mom. You just never know who might be around, looking over her shoulder while she checks her message. Plus, have you really taken a good look at the male anatomy? It's not easy to look at and then enjoy the rest of your ham and cheese sandwich. Next Page TOP 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 Comments Share your opinion Your name More Like This Top 10 Better Man 10 Bedroom Lessons Your Younger Self Can Still Teach You Read More Top 10 Better Man We Debunk The 10 Most Ridiculous Myths People Believe Read More Top 10 Dating Don't Consider Yourself A Real Man Unless You Can Do These 10 Things Read More Top 10 Entertainment Drones Are About To Change Your Life In Ways You Never Imagined Read More Top 10 Travel 10 Honeymoon Destinations That Will Win You Brownie Points For Life Read More Top 10 Dating Sex Can Help You Live Longer, According To Science Read More Around the Web Special Features


text:
Floral Nursery Bedding
Lara Quilt, Yellow/Gray
This vintage-inspired collection brings heirloom appeal to the nursery with its floret block prints, pretty paisleys and watercolor style. Quilt is cotton percale, featuring a printed paisley design; reverses to a printed floral design on percale. Sham is cotton percale, featuring a printed floral design and geo-inspired embroidery; reverses to a printed floral design on percale. Crib sheeting is pure cotton percale.
Cora Nursery Quilt
Create a dreamy nursery with this beautiful bedding collection. The floral medallions and peacock imagery are rendered in soothing colors. Quilt is cotton percale, featuring an embroidered Lurex peacock and floral design; reverses to a printed floral design. Decorative pillow is pure cotton percale, featuring a printed peacock design with gold Lurex-embroidered detailing; reverses to solid cotton percale and has a polyester fill; insert included. Crib sheeting is pure cotton percale.
Brooklyn Quilt, Twin, Lavender
Inspired by woodblock motifs from India, our print features shades of pretty plum and alluring aqua. The whole-cloth cotton quilt is exceptionally soft, chic and striking on the top of the bed. Pure cotton voile. Pre-washed for added softness. Pure cotton batting. Expertly quilted by hand. Block printinspired whole cloth quilt. Quilt and sham reverse to a floral block print on aqua ground. Quilted sham has a tie closure. Quilt, sham and insert sold separately. Available in lavender and pink.
Monique Lhuillier Sateen Garden Crib Fitted Sheet, Seafoam
Our luxuriously soft sateen nursery bedding boasts an enchantingly chic pattern. Imagined with world-renown fashion designer Monique Lhuillier, it marries functionality with her contemporary, whimsical and magical design aesthetic. Crib sheeting is made of 100% pure cotton sateen; 350-thread count. Toddler Quilt is made of 100% pure cotton sateen. Crib skirt is made of 100% cotton, 200-thread count and has a cotton decking. Bumper is made of 100% pure cotton sateen.
Floral Trellis Crib Fitted Sheet
Smoothly embroidered dots make this playful bedding the perfect update for a crib. Crib sheet is made of pure cotton with 5% organic thread. Quilt is pure cotton percale with cotton batting, and is detailed with satin-stitch embroidery. Quilt reverses to self. Bumper is made of cotton percale with lofty polyester fill and features an embroidered border. Bumper reverses to self. Crib skirt is pure cotton percale and features an embroidered border.


text:
Contact Us
Enter Your Search:
Search tips
Search criteria
Journal titles
Results 1-25 (782296)
« Previous
Go to page number:
Next »
Clipboard (0)
Related Articles
Phenotypic and genetic characterization of Dunaliella (Chlorophyta) from Indian salinas and their diversity
Preetha, Krishna
John, Lijo
Subin, Cherampillil Sukumaran
Vijayan, Koyadan Kizhakkedath
Aquatic Biosystems
The genus Dunaliella (Class – Chlorophyceae) is widely studied for its tolerance to extreme habitat conditions, physiological aspects and many biotechnological applications, such as a source of carotenoids and many other bioactive compounds. Biochemical and molecular characterization is very much essential to fully explore the properties and possibilities of the new isolates of Dunaliella. In India, hyper saline lakes and salt pans were reported to bloom with Dunaliella spp. However, except for the economically important D. salina, other species are rarely characterized taxonomically from India. Present study was conducted to describe Dunaliella strains from Indian salinas using a combined morphological, physiological and molecular approach with an aim to have a better understanding on the taxonomy and diversity of this genus from India.
Comparative phenotypic and genetic studies revealed high level of diversity within the Indian Dunaliella isolates. Species level identification using morphological characteristics clearly delineated two strains of D. salina with considerable β-carotene content (>20 pg/cell). The variation in 18S rRNA gene size, amplified with MA1-MA2 primers, ranged between ~1800 and ~2650 base pairs, and together with the phylogeny based on ITS gene sequence provided a pattern, forming five different groups within Indian Dunaliella isolates. Superficial congruency was observed between ITS and rbcL gene phylogenetic trees with consistent formation of major clades separating Indian isolates into two distinct clusters, one with D. salina and allied strains, and another one with D. viridis and allied strains. Further in both the trees, few isolates showed high level of genetic divergence than reported previously for Dunaliella spp. This indicates the scope of more numbers of clearly defined/unidentified species/sub-species within Indian Dunaliella isolates.
Present work illustrates Indian Dunaliella strains phenotypically and genetically, and confirms the presence of not less than five different species (or sub-species) in Indian saline waters, including D. salina and D. viridis. The study emphasizes the need for a combined morphological, physiological and molecular approach in the taxonomic studies of Dunaliella.
Dunaliella; Diversity; India; 18S rDNA; ITS; rbcL gene
Related Articles
DNA fingerprinting differentiation between β-carotene hyperproducer strains of Dunaliella from around the world
Olmos, Jorge
Ochoa, Leonel
Paniagua-Michel, Jesus
Contreras, Rosalía
Saline Systems
Dunaliella salina is the most important species of the genus for β-carotene production. Several investigations have demonstrated that D. salina produces more than 10% dry weight of pigment and that the species grows in salt saturated lagoons. High plasticity in the green stage and the almost indistinguishable differences in the red phase make identification and differentiation of species and ecotypes very difficult and time consuming.
In this work, we applied our intron-sizing method to compare the 18S rDNA fingerprint between D. salina (CCAP 19/18), D. salina/bardawil (UTEX LB2538) and β-carotene hyperproducing strains of Dunaliella isolated from salt saturated lagoons in Baja, Mexico. All hyperproducer strains reached β-carotene levels of about 10 pg/cell. Optical microscopy did not allow to differentiate between these Dunaliella strains; however, 18S rDNA fingerprinting methodology allowed us to differentiate D. salina from D. salina/bardawil.
In Baja Mexico we found D. salina and D. salina/bardawil species by using intron-sizing-method. The National Center for Biotechnology Information (NCBI) Dunaliella 18S rDNA gene sequences were analyzed with our methodology and extraordinary correlation was found with experimental results.
Related Articles
The Dunaliella salina organelle genomes: large sequences, inflated with intronic and intergenic DNA
Smith, David Roy
Lee, Robert W
Cushman, John C
Magnuson, Jon K
Tran, Duc
Polle, Jürgen EW
BMC Plant Biology
Dunaliella salina Teodoresco, a unicellular, halophilic green alga belonging to the Chlorophyceae, is among the most industrially important microalgae. This is because D. salina can produce massive amounts of β-carotene, which can be collected for commercial purposes, and because of its potential as a feedstock for biofuels production. Although the biochemistry and physiology of D. salina have been studied in great detail, virtually nothing is known about the genomes it carries, especially those within its mitochondrion and plastid. This study presents the complete mitochondrial and plastid genome sequences of D. salina and compares them with those of the model green algae Chlamydomonas reinhardtii and Volvox carteri.
The D. salina organelle genomes are large, circular-mapping molecules with ~60% noncoding DNA, placing them among the most inflated organelle DNAs sampled from the Chlorophyta. In fact, the D. salina plastid genome, at 269 kb, is the largest complete plastid DNA (ptDNA) sequence currently deposited in GenBank, and both the mitochondrial and plastid genomes have unprecedentedly high intron densities for organelle DNA: ~1.5 and ~0.4 introns per gene, respectively. Moreover, what appear to be the relics of genes, introns, and intronic open reading frames are found scattered throughout the intergenic ptDNA regions -- a trait without parallel in other characterized organelle genomes and one that gives insight into the mechanisms and modes of expansion of the D. salina ptDNA.
These findings confirm the notion that chlamydomonadalean algae have some of the most extreme organelle genomes of all eukaryotes. They also suggest that the events giving rise to the expanded ptDNA architecture of D. salina and other Chlamydomonadales may have occurred early in the evolution of this lineage. Although interesting from a genome evolution standpoint, the D. salina organelle DNA sequences will aid in the development of a viable plastid transformation system for this model alga, and they will complement the forthcoming D. salina nuclear genome sequence, placing D. salina in a group of a select few photosynthetic eukaryotes for which complete genome sequences from all three genetic compartments are available.
Related Articles
Introduction of a novel 18S rDNA gene arrangement along with distinct ITS region in the saline water microalga Dunaliella
Hejazi, Mohammad A
Barzegari, Abolfazl
Gharajeh, Nahid Hosseinzadeh
Hejazi, Mohammad S
Saline Systems
Comparison of 18S rDNA gene sequences is a very promising method for identification and classification of living organisms. Molecular identification and discrimination of different Dunaliella species were carried out based on the size of 18S rDNA gene and, number and position of introns in the gene. Three types of 18S rDNA structure have already been reported: the gene with a size of ~1770 bp lacking any intron, with a size of ~2170 bp consisting one intron near 5' terminus, and with a size of ~2570 bp harbouring two introns near 5' and 3' termini. Hereby, we report a new 18S rDNA gene arrangement in terms of intron localization and nucleotide sequence in a Dunaliella isolated from Iranian salt lakes (ABRIINW-M1/2). PCR amplification with genus-specific primers resulted in production of a ~2170 bp DNA band, which is similar to that of D. salina 18S rDNA gene containing only one intron near 5' terminus. Whilst, sequence composition of the gene revealed the lack of any intron near 5' terminus in our isolate. Furthermore, another alteration was observed due to the presence of a 440 bp DNA fragment near 3' terminus. Accordingly, 18S rDNA gene of the isolate is clearly different from those of D. salina and any other Dunaliella species reported so far. Moreover, analysis of ITS region sequence showed the diversity of this region compared to the previously reported species. 18S rDNA and ITS sequences of our isolate were submitted with accesion numbers of EU678868 and EU927373 in NCBI database, respectively. The optimum growth rate of this isolate occured at the salinity level of 1 M NaCl. The maximum carotenoid content under stress condition of intense light (400 μmol photon m-2 s-1), high salinity (4 M NaCl) and deficiency of nitrate and phosphate nutritions reached to 240 ng/cell after 15 days.
Related Articles
Molecular Clone and Expression of a NAD+-Dependent Glycerol-3-Phosphate Dehydrogenase Isozyme Gene from the Halotolerant alga Dunaliella salina
Cai, Ma
He, Li-Hong
Yu, Tu-Yuan
PLoS ONE
Glycerol is an important osmotically compatible solute in Dunaliella. Glycerol-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (G3PDH) is a key enzyme in the pathway of glycerol synthesis, which converts dihydroxyacetone phosphate (DHAP) to glycerol-3-phosphate. Generally, the glycerol-DHAP cycle pathway, which is driven by G3PDH, is considered as the rate-limiting enzyme to regulate the glycerol level under osmotic shocks. Considering the peculiarity in osmoregulation, the cDNA of a NAD+-dependent G3PDH was isolated from D. salina using RACE and RT-PCR approaches in this study. Results indicated that the length of the cDNA sequence of G3PDH was 2,100 bp encoding a 699 amino acid deduced polypeptide whose computational molecular weight was 76.6 kDa. Conserved domain analysis revealed that the G3PDH protein has two independent functional domains, SerB and G3PDH domains. It was predicted that the G3PDH was a nonsecretory protein and may be located in the chloroplast of D. salina. Phylogenetic analysis demonstrated that the D. salina G3PDH had a closer relationship with the G3PDHs from the Dunaliella genus than with those from other species. In addition, the cDNA was subsequently subcloned in the pET-32a(+) vector and was transformed into E. coli strain BL21 (DE3), a expression protein with 100 kDa was identified, which was consistent with the theoretical value.
Related Articles
A close-up view on ITS2 evolution and speciation - a case study in the Ulvophyceae (Chlorophyta, Viridiplantae)
Caisová, Lenka
Marin, Birger
Melkonian, Michael
BMC Evolutionary Biology
The second Internal Transcriber Spacer (ITS2) is a fast evolving part of the nuclear-encoded rRNA operon located between the 5.8S and 28S rRNA genes. Based on crossing experiments it has been proposed that even a single Compensatory Base Change (CBC) in helices 2 and 3 of the ITS2 indicates sexual incompatibility and thus separates biological species. Taxa without any CBC in these ITS2 regions were designated as a 'CBC clade'. However, in depth comparative analyses of ITS2 secondary structures, ITS2 phylogeny, the origin of CBCs, and their relationship to biological species have rarely been performed. To gain 'close-up' insights into ITS2 evolution, (1) 86 sequences of ITS2 including secondary structures have been investigated in the green algal order Ulvales (Chlorophyta, Viridiplantae), (2) after recording all existing substitutions, CBCs and hemi-CBCs (hCBCs) were mapped upon the ITS2 phylogeny, rather than merely comparing ITS2 characters among pairs of taxa, and (3) the relation between CBCs, hCBCs, CBC clades, and the taxonomic level of organisms was investigated in detail.
High sequence and length conservation allowed the generation of an ITS2 consensus secondary structure, and introduction of a novel numbering system of ITS2 nucleotides and base pairs. Alignments and analyses were based on this structural information, leading to the following results: (1) in the Ulvales, the presence of a CBC is not linked to any particular taxonomic level, (2) most CBC 'clades' sensu Coleman are paraphyletic, and should rather be termed CBC grades. (3) the phenetic approach of pairwise comparison of sequences can be misleading, and thus, CBCs/hCBCs must be investigated in their evolutionary context, including homoplasy events (4) CBCs and hCBCs in ITS2 helices evolved independently, and we found no evidence for a CBC that originated via a two-fold hCBC substitution.
Our case study revealed several discrepancies between ITS2 evolution in the Ulvales and generally accepted assumptions underlying ITS2 evolution as e.g. the CBC clade concept. Therefore, we developed a suite of methods providing a critical 'close-up' view into ITS2 evolution by directly tracing the evolutionary history of individual positions, and we caution against a non-critical use of the ITS2 CBC clade concept for species delimitation.
Related Articles
Determination of biological and physicochemical parameters of Artemia franciscana strains in hypersaline environments for aquaculture in the Colombian Caribbean
Camargo, William N
Durán, Gabriel C
Rada, Orlando C
Hernández, Licet C
Linero, Juan-Carlos G
Muelle, Igor M
Sorgeloos, Patrick
Saline Systems
Artemia (Crustacea, Anostraca), also known as brine shrimp, are typical inhabitants of extreme environments. These hypersaline environments vary considerably in their physicochemical composition, and even their climatic conditions and elevation. Several thalassohaline (marine) environments along the Colombian Caribbean coast were surveyed in order to contribute to the knowledge of brine shrimp biotopes in South America by determining some vital biological and physicochemical parameters for Artemia survival. Additionally, cyst quality tests, biometrical and essential fatty acids analysis were performed to evaluate the economic viability of some of these strains for the aquaculture industry.
In addition to the three locations (Galerazamba, Manaure, and Pozos Colorados) reported in the literature three decades ago in the Colombian Caribbean, six new locations were registered (Salina Cero, Kangaru, Tayrona, Bahía Hondita, Warrego and Pusheo). All habitats sampled showed that chloride was the prevailing anion, as expected, because of their thalassohaline origin. There were significant differences in cyst diameter grouping strains in the following manner according to this parameter: 1) San Francisco Bay (SFB-Control, USA), 2) Galerazamba and Tayrona, 3) Kangarú, 4) Manaure, and 5) Salina Cero and Pozos Colorados. Chorion thickness values were smaller in Tayrona, followed by Salina Cero, Galerazamba, Manaure, SFB, Kangarú and Pozos Colorados. There were significant differences in naupliar size, grouping strains as follows (smallest to largest): 1) Galerazamba, 2) Manaure, 3) SFB, Kangarú, and Salina Cero, 4) Pozos Colorados, and 5) Tayrona. Overall, cyst quality analysis conducted on samples from Manaure, Galerazamba, and Salina Cero revealed that all sites exhibited a relatively high number of cysts.g-1. Essential fatty acids (EFA) analysis performed on nauplii from cyst samples from Manaure, Galerazamba, Salina Cero and Tayrona revealed that cysts from all sites exhibited high arachidonic acid:20:4(n-6) (ArA) and eicosapentaenoic acid: 20:5(n-3) (EPA) levels comparable to the control sample (SFB). In contrast, most cysts collected (including SFB) at different locations, and during different months, presented low docosahexaenoic acid: 22:6(n-3) (DHA) levels (Manaure was the only exception with high DHA levels). Some variations in EPA and ArA levels were observed in all sites, contrasting with the much lower DHA levels which remained constant for all locations, except for Manaure which exhibited variable DHA levels. DHA/EPA ratio was overall very low for all sites compared to SFB cysts. All strains had a low DHA/ArA, but a high EPA/ArA ratio, including the control.
The Colombian A. franciscana habitats analyzed were determined to be thalassohaline, and suitable for A. franciscana development. EFA profiles demonstrated that Tayrona, Galerazamba, Manaure and Salina Cero strains are suitable food for marine fish and crustacean culture because of their high EPA/ArA ratio, but might have to be fortified with DHA rich emulsions depending on the nutritional requirements of the species to be cultured, because of their overall low DHA content. The relatively small nauplii are appropriate for marine larvaeculture. In contrast, the strains from Tayrona, Kangarú, Salina Cero, and Pozos Colorados may be of use but limited to Artemia small biomass production quantities, because of the small surface area of their respective locations; Artemia could be exploited at these locations for local aquaculture applications. In general, cyst quality evaluation for Manaure, Salina Cero and Galerazamba cysts revealed that cysts from these three locations could improve their quality by concentrating efforts on cyst processing techniques. Finally, most locations had great A. franciscana production potential and require different degrees of water quality and/or infrastructure management.
Related Articles
DsHsp90 Is Involved in the Early Response of Dunaliella salina to Environmental Stress†
Wang, Si-Jia
Wu, Ming-Jie
Chen, Xiang-Jun
Jiang, Yan
Yan, Yong-Bin
International Journal of Molecular Sciences
Heat shock protein 90 (Hsp90) is a molecular chaperone highly conserved across the species from prokaryotes to eukaryotes. Hsp90 is essential for cell viability under all growth conditions and is proposed to act as a hub of the signaling network and protein homeostasis of the eukaryotic cells. By interacting with various client proteins, Hsp90 is involved in diverse physiological processes such as signal transduction, cell mobility, heat shock response and osmotic stress response. In this research, we cloned the dshsp90 gene encoding a polypeptide composed of 696 amino acids from the halotolerant unicellular green algae Dunaliella salina. Sequence alignment indicated that DsHsp90 belonged to the cytosolic Hsp90A family. Further biophysical and biochemical studies of the recombinant protein revealed that DsHsp90 possessed ATPase activity and existed as a dimer with similar percentages of secondary structures to those well-studied Hsp90As. Analysis of the nucleotide sequence of the cloned genomic DNA fragment indicated that dshsp90 contained 21 exons interrupted by 20 introns, which is much more complicated than the other plant hsp90 genes. The promoter region of dshsp90 contained putative cis-acting stress responsive elements and binding sites of transcriptional factors that respond to heat shock and salt stress. Further experimental research confirmed that dshsp90 was upregulated quickly by heat and salt shock in the D. salina cells. These findings suggested that dshsp90 might serve as a component of the early response system of the D. salina cells against environmental stresses.
Dunaliella salina; gene structure; haloadaption; heat shock; Hsp90; osmotic stress; structural feature
Related Articles
Oxidative Stress Is a Mediator for Increased Lipid Accumulation in a Newly Isolated Dunaliella salina Strain
Yilancioglu, Kaan
Cokol, Murat
Pastirmaci, Inanc
Erman, Batu
Cetiner, Selim
PLoS ONE
Green algae offer sustainable, clean and eco-friendly energy resource. However, production efficiency needs to be improved. Increasing cellular lipid levels by nitrogen depletion is one of the most studied strategies. Despite this, the underlying physiological and biochemical mechanisms of this response have not been well defined. Algae species adapted to hypersaline conditions can be cultivated in salty waters which are not useful for agriculture or consumption. Due to their inherent extreme cultivation conditions, use of hypersaline algae species is better suited for avoiding culture contamination issues. In this study, we identified a new halophilic Dunaliella salina strain by using 18S ribosomal RNA gene sequencing. We found that growth and biomass productivities of this strain were directly related to nitrogen levels, as the highest biomass concentration under 0.05 mM or 5 mM nitrogen regimes were 495 mg/l and 1409 mg/l, respectively. We also confirmed that nitrogen limitation increased cellular lipid content up to 35% under 0.05 mM nitrogen concentration. In order to gain insight into the mechanisms of this phenomenon, we applied fluorometric, flow cytometric and spectrophotometric methods to measure oxidative stress and enzymatic defence mechanisms. Under nitrogen depleted cultivation conditions, we observed increased lipid peroxidation by measuring an important oxidative stress marker, malondialdehyde and enhanced activation of catalase, ascorbate peroxidase and superoxide dismutase antioxidant enzymes. These observations indicated that oxidative stress is accompanied by increased lipid content in the green alga. In addition, we also showed that at optimum cultivation conditions, inducing oxidative stress by application of exogenous H2O2 leads to increased cellular lipid content up to 44% when compared with non-treated control groups. Our results support that oxidative stress and lipid overproduction are linked. Importantly, these results also suggest that oxidative stress mediates lipid accumulation. Understanding such relationships may provide guidance for efficient production of algal biodiesels.
Related Articles
Alternaria redefined
Woudenberg, J.H.C.
Groenewald, J.Z.
Binder, M.
Crous, P.W.
Studies in Mycology
Alternaria is a ubiquitous fungal genus that includes saprobic, endophytic and pathogenic species associated with a wide variety of substrates. In recent years, DNA-based studies revealed multiple non-monophyletic genera within the Alternaria complex, and Alternaria species clades that do not always correlate to species-groups based on morphological characteristics. The Alternaria complex currently comprises nine genera and eight Alternaria sections. The aim of this study was to delineate phylogenetic lineages within Alternaria and allied genera based on nucleotide sequence data of parts of the 18S nrDNA, 28S nrDNA, ITS, GAPDH, RPB2 and TEF1-alpha gene regions. Our data reveal a Pleospora/Stemphylium clade sister to Embellisia annulata, and a well-supported Alternaria clade. The Alternaria clade contains 24 internal clades and six monotypic lineages, the assemblage of which we recognise as Alternaria. This puts the genera Allewia, Brachycladium, Chalastospora, Chmelia, Crivellia, Embellisia, Lewia, Nimbya, Sinomyces, Teretispora, Ulocladium, Undifilum and Ybotromyces in synonymy with Alternaria. In this study, we treat the 24 internal clades in the Alternaria complex as sections, which is a continuation of a recent proposal for the taxonomic treatment of lineages in Alternaria. Embellisia annulata is synonymised with Dendryphiella salina, and together with Dendryphiella arenariae, are placed in the new genus Paradendryphiella. The sexual genera Clathrospora and Comoclathris, which were previously associated with Alternaria, cluster within the Pleosporaceae, outside Alternaria s. str., whereas Alternariaster, a genus formerly seen as part of Alternaria, clusters within the Leptosphaeriaceae. Paradendryphiella is newly described, the generic circumscription of Alternaria is emended, and 32 new combinations and 10 new names are proposed. A further 10 names are resurrected, while descriptions are provided for 16 new Alternaria sections.
Taxonomic novelties:
New combinations - Alternaria abundans (E.G. Simmons) Woudenb. & Crous, Alternaria alternariae (Cooke) Woudenb. & Crous, Alternaria atra (Preuss) Woudenb. & Crous, Alternaria bornmuelleri (Magnus) Woudenb. & Crous, Alternaria botrytis (Preuss) Woudenb. & Crous, Alternaria caespitosa (de Hoog & C. Rubio) Woudenb. & Crous, Alternaria cantlous (Yong Wang bis & X.G. Zhang) Woudenb. & Crous, Alternaria caricis (E.G. Simmons) Woudenb. & Crous, Alternaria cinerea (Baucom & Creamer) Woudenb. & Crous, Alternaria didymospora (Munt.-Cvetk.) Woudenb. & Crous, Alternaria fulva (Baucom & Creamer) Woudenb. & Crous, Alternaria hyacinthi (de Hoog & P.J. Mull. bis) Woudenb. & Crous, Alternaria indefessa (E.G. Simmons) Woudenberg & Crous, Alternaria leptinellae (E.G. Simmons & C.F. Hill) Woudenb. & Crous, Alternaria lolii (E.G. Simmons & C.F. Hill) Woudenb. & Crous, Alternaria multiformis (E.G. Simmons) Woudenb. & Crous, Alternaria obclavata (Crous & U. Braun) Woudenb. & Crous, Alternaria obovoidea (E.G. Simmons) Woudenb. & Crous, Alternaria oudemansii (E.G. Simmons) Woudenb. & Crous, Alternaria oxytropis (Q. Wang, Nagao & Kakish.) Woudenb. & Crous, Alternaria penicillata (Corda) Woudenb. & Crous, Alternaria planifunda (E.G. Simmons) Woudenb. & Crous, Alternaria proteae (E.G. Simmons) Woudenb. & Crous, Alternaria scirpinfestans (E.G. Simmons & D.A. Johnson) Woudenb. & Crous, Alternaria scirpivora (E.G. Simmons & D.A. Johnson) Woudenb. & Crous, Alternaria septospora (Preuss) Woudenb. & Crous, Alternaria slovaca (Svob.-Pol., L. Chmel & Bojan.) Woudenb. & Crous, Alternaria subcucurbitae (Yong Wang bis & X.G. Zhang) Woudenb. & Crous, Alternaria tellustris (E.G. Simmons) Woudenb. & Crous, Alternaria tumida (E.G. Simmons) Woudenb. & Crous, Paradendryphiella salina (G.K. Sutherl.) Woudenb. & Crous, Paradendryphiella arenariae (Nicot) Woudenb. & Crous. New names - Alternaria aspera Woudenb. & Crous, Alternaria botryospora Woudenb. & Crous, Alternaria brassicae-pekinensis Woudenb. & Crous, Alternaria breviramosa Woudenb. & Crous, Alternaria chlamydosporigena Woudenb. & Crous, Alternaria concatenata Woudenb. & Crous, Alternaria embellisia Woudenb. & Crous, Alternaria heterospora Woudenb. & Crous, Alternaria papavericola Woudenb. & Crous, Alternaria terricola Woudenb. & Crous. Resurrected names - Alternaria cetera E.G. Simmons, Alternaria chartarum Preuss, Alternaria consortialis (Thüm.) J.W. Groves & S. Hughes, Alternaria cucurbitae Letendre & Roum., Alternaria dennisii M.B. Ellis, Alternaria eureka E.G. Simmons, Alternaria gomphrenae Togashi, Alternaria malorum (Ruehle) U. Braun, Crous & Dugan, Alternaria phragmospora Emden, Alternaria scirpicola (Fuckel) Sivan. New sections, all in Alternaria - sect. Chalastospora Woudenb. & Crous, sect. Cheiranthus Woudenb. & Crous, sect. Crivellia Woudenb. & Crous, sect. Dianthicola Woudenb. & Crous, sect. Embellisia Woudenb. & Crous, sect. Embellisioides Woudenb. & Crous, sect. Eureka Woudenb. & Crous, sect. Infectoriae Woudenb. & Crous, sect. Japonicae Woudenb. & Crous, sect. Nimbya Woudenb. & Crous, sect. Phragmosporae Woudenb. & Crous, sect. Pseudoulocladium Woudenb. & Crous, sect. Teretispora Woudenb. & Crous, sect. Ulocladioides Woudenb. & Crous, sect. Ulocladium Woudenb. & Crous, sect. Undifilum Woudenb. & Crous. New genus - Paradendryphiella Woudenb. & Crous.
Allewia; Chalastospora; Crivellia; Embellisia; Lewia; Nimbya; Paradendryphiella; Sinomyces; systematics; Teretispora; Ulocladium; Undifilum
Related Articles
Rapid and sensitive detection of Citrus Bacterial Canker by loop-mediated isothermal amplification combined with simple visual evaluation methods
Rigano, Luciano A
Marano, María R
Castagnaro, Atilio P
Do Amaral, Alexandre Morais
Vojnov, Adrian A
BMC Microbiology
Citrus Bacterial Canker (CBC) is a major, highly contagious disease of citrus plants present in many countries in Asia, Africa and America, but not in the Mediterranean area. There are three types of Citrus Bacterial Canker, named A, B, and C that have different genotypes and posses variation in host range within citrus species. The causative agent for type A CBC is Xanthomonas citri subsp. citri, while Xanthomonas fuscans subsp. aurantifolii, strain B causes type B CBC and Xanthomonas fuscans subsp. aurantifolii strain C causes CBC type C. The early and accurate identification of those bacteria is essential for the protection of the citrus industry. Detection methods based on bacterial isolation, antibodies or polymerase chain reaction (PCR) have been developed previously; however, these approaches may be time consuming, laborious and, in the case of PCR, it requires expensive laboratory equipment. Loop-mediated isothermal amplification (LAMP), which is a novel isothermal DNA amplification technique, is sensitive, specific, fast and requires no specialized laboratory equipment.
A loop-mediated isothermal amplification assay for the diagnosis of Citrus Bacterial Canker (CBC-LAMP) was developed and evaluated. DNA samples were obtained from infected plants or cultured bacteria. A typical ladder-like pattern on gel electrophoresis was observed in all positive samples in contrast to the negative controls. In addition, amplification products were detected by visual inspection using SYBRGreen and using a lateral flow dipstick, eliminating the need for gel electrophoresis. The sensitivity and specificity of the assay were evaluated in different conditions and using several sample sources which included purified DNA, bacterium culture and infected plant tissue. The sensitivity of the CBC-LAMP was 10 fg of pure Xcc DNA, 5 CFU in culture samples and 18 CFU in samples of infected plant tissue. No cross reaction was observed with DNA of other phytopathogenic bacteria. The assay was capable of detecting CBC-causing strains from several geographical origins and pathotypes.
The CBC-LAMP technique is a simple, fast, sensitive and specific method for the diagnosis of Citrus Bacterial Canker. This method can be useful in the phytosanitary programs of the citrus industry worldwide.
Related Articles
The Selectivity of Milking of Dunaliella salina
Kleinegris, Dorinde M. M.
Janssen, Marcel
Brandenburg, Willem A.
Wijffels, René H.
Marine Biotechnology (New York, N.y.)
The process of the simultaneous production and extraction of carotenoids, milking, of Dunaliella salina was studied. We would like to know the selectivity of this process. Could all the carotenoids produced be extracted? And would it be possible to vary the profile of the produced carotenoids and, consequently, influence the type of carotenoids extracted? By using three different D. salina strains and three different stress conditions, we varied the profiles of the carotenoids produced. Between Dunaliella bardawil and D. salina 19/18, no remarkable differences were seen in the extraction profiles, although D. salina 19/18 seemed to be better extractable. D. salina 19/25 was not "milkable" at all. The milking process could only be called selective for secondary carotenoids in case gentle mixing was used. In aerated flat-panel photobioreactors, extraction was much better, but selectiveness decreased and also chlorophyll and primary carotenoids were extracted. This was possibly related to cell damage due to shear stress.
Dunaliella salina; Carotenoids; Extraction; Selectivity; Stress conditions
Related Articles
Molecular Phylogeny and Ontogeny of a New Ciliate Genus, Paracladotricha salina n. g., n. sp. (Ciliophora, Hypotrichia)
Shao, Chen
Li, Liqiong
Zhang, Qianqian
Song, Weibo
Berger, Helmut
The Journal of Eukaryotic Microbiology
A hypotrichous ciliate, Paracladotricha salina n. g., n. sp., was discovered in hypersaline waters (salinity about 80‰) from Qingdao, China. Its morphology and some major ontogenetic stages were studied and the phylogenetic position was estimated using standard methods. Paracladotricha salina is characterized by a flexible, more or less slender body (size 50–120 × 20–35 μm), a gonostomatid oral apparatus, one short and two long frontoventral rows, four macronuclear nodules, almost completely reduced dorsal kineties 1–3, and a loss of several parts of the ciliature, namely, the slightly shortened ciliary row of the adoral membranelles, the paroral, and the buccal, the postoral and pretransverse ventral, the transverse, and the caudal cirri. The ontogenesis is rather simple: anlage II of both filial products and anlage III of the opisthe originate de novo, while anlagen IV and V are formed within the parental rows. This combination of features requires the establishment of a new genus, Paracladotricha, which is, according to the morphological data, closely related to Schmidingerothrix and Cladotricha. The small-subunit rRNA gene was sequenced, indicating that P. salina is, as also demonstrated by the oral apparatus, a member of the gonostomatids. We provide a first, vague hypothesis about the phylogenetic relationships of the Gonostomatidae, Cladotrichidae, and Schmidingerotrichidae. However, since molecular data of the type species of these higher taxa are lacking, their validity and relationships remain obscure.
Cladotricha; infraciliature; morphology; morphogenesis; Stichotrichida
Related Articles
Potential of Microalgae and Lactobacilli in Biosynthesis of Silver Nanoparticles
Mohseniazar, Mahdi
Barin, Mohsen
Zarredar, Habib
Alizadeh, Siamak
Shanehbandi, Dariush
BioImpacts : BI
Application of nanoparticles has been extensively increased in last decades. Nanoparticles of noble metals such as gold, platinum and especially silver are widely applied in medical and pharmaceutical applications. Although, variety of physical and chemical methods has been developed for production of metal nanoparticles, because of destructive effects of them on environment, biosynthetic methods have been suggested as a novel alternative. Some bacteria and microalgae have different ranges of potentiality to uptake metal ions and produce nanoparticles during detoxification process. In the present work, we study the potential of three Lactobacilli and three algal species in production of AgNPs in different concentrations of silver nitrate.
Utilizing AAS, XRD and TEM methods, Nannochloropsis oculata, Dunaliella salina and Chlorella vulgaris as three algal species in addition to three Lactobacilli including L. acidophilus, L. casei, L. reuteri were monitored for production of silver nanoparticles. Three concentrations of AgNO3 (0.001, 0.002, 0.005 M) and two incubation times (24h and 48h) were included in this study.
Our findings demonstrated that C. vulgaris, N. oculata and L. acidophilus have the potential of nanosilver production in a culture medium containing 0.001 M of AgNO3 within 24 hours. Also L. casei and L. reuteri species exhibited their potential for production of silver nanoparticles in 0.002 M concentration of AgNO3 in 24 hours. The size range of particles was approximately less than 15 nm. The uptake rate of silver in the five species was between 1.0 to 2.7 mg/g of dry weight. Nanoparticle production was not detected in other treatments and the algae Dunaliella.
The biosynthesis of silver nanoparticles in all of three Lactobacilli and two algal species including N. oculata and C. vulgaris was confirmed.
Silver nanoparticles; Biosynthesis; Lactobacilli; Microalgae
Related Articles
System Development for Linked-Fermentation Production of Solvents from Algal Biomass
Nakas, J. P.
Schaedle, M.
Parkinson, C. M.
Coonley, C. E.
Tanenbaum, S. W.
Applied and Environmental Microbiology
Five species of the genus Dunaliella (D. tertiolecta, D. primolecta, D. parva, D. bardawil, and D. salina) were examined for glycerol accumulation, growth rate, cell density, and protein and chlorophyll content. The suitability of each algal species for use as a fermentation substrate was judged according to glycerol accumulation and quantities of neutral solvents produced after sequential bacterial fermentations. When grown in 2 M NaCl, with 24 mM NaHCO3 or 3% CO2 at 28°C and with 10,000 to 15,000 lx of incident light on two sides of a glass aquarium, four of the five species tested produced ca. 10 to 20 mg of glycerol per liter of culture. Clostridium pasteurianum was found to convert an algal biomass mixture supplemented with 4% glycerol to ca. 16 g of mixed solvents (n-butanol, 1,3-propanediol, and ethanol) per liter. Acetone was not detected. Additionally, it has been demonstrated that Dunaliella concentrates of up to 300-fold can be directly fermented to an identical pattern of mixed solvents. Overall solvent yields were reduced by >50% when fermentations were performed in the presence of 2% NaCl. These results are discussed in terms of practical application in tropical coastal zones.
Related Articles
Declining Incidence of Contralateral Breast Cancer in the United States From 1975 to 2006
Nichols, Hazel B.
de González, Amy Berrington
Lacey, James V.
Rosenberg, Philip S.
Anderson, William F.
Journal of Clinical Oncology
Contralateral breast cancer (CBC) is the most frequent new malignancy among women diagnosed with a first breast cancer. Although temporal trends for first breast cancers have been well studied, trends for CBC are not so well established.
Patients and Methods
We examined temporal trends in CBC incidence using US Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results database (1975 to 2006). Data were stratified by estrogen receptor (ER) status of the first breast cancer for the available time period (1990+). We estimated the annual percent change (EAPC) in CBC rates using Poisson regression models adjusted for the age at and time since first breast cancer diagnosis.
Before 1985, CBC incidence rates were stable (EAPC, 0.27% per year; 95% CI, −0.4 to 0.9), after which they declined with an EAPC of −3.07% per year (95% CI, −3.5 to −2.7). From 1990 forward, the declines were restricted to CBC after an ER-positive cancer (EAPC, −3.18%; 95% CI, −4.2 to −2.2) with no clear decreases after an ER-negative cancer. Estimated current age-specific CBC rates (per 100/year) after an ER-positive first cancer were: 0.45 for first cancers diagnosed before age 30 years and 0.25 to 0.37 for age 30 years or older. Rates after an ER-negative cancer were higher: 1.26 before age 30 years, 0.85 for age 30 to 35 years, and 0.45 to 0.65 for age 40 or older.
Results show a favorable decrease of 3% per year for CBC incidence in the United States since 1985. This overall trend was driven by declining CBC rates after an ER-positive cancer, possibly because of the widespread usage of adjuvant hormone therapies, after the results of the Nolvadex Adjuvant Trial Organisation were published in 1983, and/or other adjuvant treatments.
Related Articles
Genetic Relationship among Worldwide Strains of Xanthomonas Causing Canker in Citrus Species and Design of New Primers for Their Identification by PCR†
Cubero, J.
Graham, J. H.
Applied and Environmental Microbiology
Partial sequence analysis of the ribosomal operon in Xanthomonas axonopodis allowed discrimination among strains causing the A, B, and C types of citrus bacterial canker (CBC) and quantification of the relationship of these organisms with other species and pathovars in the same genus. Sets of primers based on sequence differences in the internally transcribed spacer and on a sequence from the plasmid gene pthA involved in virulence were designed for specific identification of xanthomonads causing CBC diseases. The two sets were validated with a collection of Xanthomonas strains associated with citrus species. The primer set based on ribosomal sequences had a high level of specificity for X. axonopodis pv. citri, whereas the set based on the pthA gene was universal for all types of CBC organisms. Moreover, the relationships among worldwide Xanthomonas strains causing CBC were analyzed by amplification of repetitive sequences (enterobacterial repetitive intergenic consensus and BOX elements). Under specific conditions, pathotypes of these Xanthomonas strains could be discerned, and subgroups of the pathotypes were identified. Subgroups of strains were associated with certain geographic areas of the world, and on this basis the origin of type A strains introduced into Florida could be inferred.
Related Articles
Enhancement of carotenoid biosynthesis in the green microalga Dunaliella salina with light-emitting diodes and adaptive laboratory evolution
Fu, Weiqi
Guðmundsson, Ólafur
Paglia, Giuseppe
Herjólfsson, Gísli
Andrésson, Ólafur S.
Palsson, Bernhard Ø.
Brynjólfsson, Sigurður
Applied Microbiology and Biotechnology
There is a particularly high interest to derive carotenoids such as β-carotene and lutein from higher plants and algae for the global market. It is well known that β-carotene can be overproduced in the green microalga Dunaliella salina in response to stressful light conditions. However, little is known about the effects of light quality on carotenoid metabolism, e.g., narrow spectrum red light. In this study, we present UPLC-UV-MS data from D. salina consistent with the pathway proposed for carotenoid metabolism in the green microalga Chlamydomonas reinhardtii. We have studied the effect of red light-emitting diode (LED) lighting on growth rate and biomass yield and identified the optimal photon flux for D. salina growth. We found that the major carotenoids changed in parallel to the chlorophyll b content and that red light photon stress alone at high level was not capable of upregulating carotenoid accumulation presumably due to serious photodamage. We have found that combining red LED (75 %) with blue LED (25 %) allowed growth at a higher total photon flux. Additional blue light instead of red light led to increased β-carotene and lutein accumulation, and the application of long-term iterative stress (adaptive laboratory evolution) yielded strains of D. salina with increased accumulation of carotenoids under combined blue and red light.
Electronic supplementary material
The online version of this article (doi:10.1007/s00253-012-4502-5) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
Dunaliella salina; Adaptive laboratory evolution; β-carotene and lutein; Carotenoid metabolism; LED-based photobioreactor
Related Articles
The alternative oxidase mediated respiration contributes to growth, resistance to hyperosmotic media and accumulation of secondary metabolites in three species
Sitaramam, V.
Pachapurkar, Shilpa
Gokhale, Trupti
Physiology and molecular biology of plants : an international journal of functional plant biology
Plant respiration, similar to respiration in animal mitochondria, exhibits both osmosensitive and insensitive components with the clear distinction that the insensitive respiration in plants is quantitatively better described as 'less' sensitive rather than 'insensitive'. Salicylic hydroxamic acid (SHAM)-sensitive respiration was compared with the respiration sensitive to other inhibitors in rice, yeast and Dunaliella salina. The influence of SHAM was largely in the osmotically less sensitive component and enhanced with external osmotic pressure unlike other inhibitors that inhibited the osmotically sensitive component. SHAM inhibited germination and root growth but not shoot growth. Osmotic remediation of respiration that developed in due course of time with rice seedlings was abolished by SHAM and was not due to water and ionic uptake mechanisms. Yeast and Dunaliella also showed susceptibility of growth and respiration to SHAM. Glycerol retention was influenced by all inhibitors, while growth was inhibited demonstrably by SHAM in Dunaliella. Respiration in plants needs to be seen as a positive contribution to overall growth and not merely for burning away of the biomass.
SHAM; inhibitors of respiration; yeast; rice; Dunaliella; osmotic sensitivity; voids
Related Articles
The biology of habitat dominance; can microbes behave as weeds?
Cray, Jonathan A
Bell, Andrew N W
Bhaganna, Prashanth
Mswaka, Allen Y
Timson, David J
Hallsworth, John E
Microbial Biotechnology
Competition between microbial species is a product of, yet can lead to a reduction in, the microbial diversity of specific habitats. Microbial habitats can resemble ecological battlefields where microbial cells struggle to dominate and/or annihilate each other and we explore the hypothesis that (like plant weeds) some microbes are genetically hard-wired to behave in a vigorous and ecologically aggressive manner. These 'microbial weeds' are able to dominate the communities that develop in fertile but uncolonized – or at least partially vacant – habitats via traits enabling them to out-grow competitors; robust tolerances to habitat-relevant stress parameters and highly efficient energy-generation systems; avoidance of or resistance to viral infection, predation and grazers; potent antimicrobial systems; and exceptional abilities to sequester and store resources. In addition, those associated with nutritionally complex habitats are extraordinarily versatile in their utilization of diverse substrates. Weed species typically deploy multiple types of antimicrobial including toxins; volatile organic compounds that act as either hydrophobic or highly chaotropic stressors; biosurfactants; organic acids; and moderately chaotropic solutes that are produced in bulk quantities (e.g. acetone, ethanol). Whereas ability to dominate communities is habitat-specific we suggest that some microbial species are archetypal weeds including generalists such as: Pichia anomala, Acinetobacter spp. and Pseudomonas putida; specialists such as Dunaliella salina, Saccharomyces cerevisiae, Lactobacillus spp. and other lactic acid bacteria; freshwater autotrophs Gonyostomum semen and Microcystis aeruginosa; obligate anaerobes such as Clostridium acetobutylicum; facultative pathogens such as Rhodotorula mucilaginosa, Pantoea ananatis and Pseudomonas aeruginosa; and other extremotolerant and extremophilic microbes such as Aspergillus spp., Salinibacter ruber and Haloquadratum walsbyi. Some microbes, such as Escherichia coli, Mycobacterium smegmatis and Pseudoxylaria spp., exhibit characteristics of both weed and non-weed species. We propose that the concept of nonweeds represents a 'dustbin' group that includes species such as Synodropsis spp., Polypaecilum pisce, Metschnikowia orientalis, Salmonella spp., and Caulobacter crescentus. We show that microbial weeds are conceptually distinct from plant weeds, microbial copiotrophs, r-strategists, and other ecophysiological groups of microorganism. Microbial weed species are unlikely to emerge from stationary-phase or other types of closed communities; it is open habitats that select for weed phenotypes. Specific characteristics that are common to diverse types of open habitat are identified, and implications of weed biology and open-habitat ecology are discussed in the context of further studies needed in the fields of environmental and applied microbiology.
Related Articles
Description of Meloidoderita salina sp. n. (Nematoda, Sphaeronematidae) from a micro-tidal salt marsh at Mont-Saint-Michel Bay in France
Ashrafi, Samad
Mugniéry, Didier
van Heese, Evelyn YJ
van Aelst, Adriaan C.
Helder, Johannes
Karssen, Gerrit
Meloidoderita salina sp. n. is described and illustrated from the halophytic plant Atriplex portulacoides L. (sea purslane) growing in a micro-tidal salt marsh in the Mont-Saint-Michel Bay in France. This new species is the first member of Meloidoderita Poghossian, 1966 collected from a saline environment, and is characterized by the following features: sedentary mature females having a small swollen body with a clear posterior protuberance; slightly dorsally curved stylet, 19.9 µm long, with posteriorly sloping knobs; neck region irregular in shape and twisted; well developed secretory-excretory (S–E) pore, with markedly sclerotized S-E duct running posteriorly; prominent uterus bordered by a thick hyaline wall and filled with eggs. The adult female transforms into a cystoid. Eggs are deposited in both egg-mass and cystoid. Cystoids of Meloidoderita salina sp. n. display a unique sub-cuticular hexagonal beaded pattern.
Male without stylet, pharyngeal region degenerated, S-E duct prominent, deirids small, developed testis 97.5 µm long, spicules 18.4 µm long, cloacal opening ventrally protruded, small phasmids posterior to cloaca opening and situated at 5.9 (3.2–7.7) µm from tail end, and conical tail ending in a rounded terminus marked with one (rarely two) ventrally positioned mucro. Additionally, some young malesof the new species were observed enveloped in the last J2 cuticle. Second-stage juvenile body 470 µm long, with a 16.4 µm long stylet, prominent rounded knobs set off from the shaft, hemizonid anterior and adjacent to S-E pore, small deirids located just above S-E pore level, genital primordium located at 68–77% of body length, phasmids small and located at about 19 µm from tail tip, and tail 38.7 µm long, tapering to finely pointed terminus with a finger-like projection. Phylogenetic analyses based on the nearly full length small subunit ribosomal DNA sequences of Meloidoderita salina sp. n. revealed a close relationship of the new species with Sphaeronema alni Turkina & Chizhov, 1986 and placed these two species sister to the rest of Criconematina.
Atriplex portulacoides; cystoid; halophyte; hexagonal; morphology; morphometrics; nematode; new species; sea purslane; SEM; SSU rDNA; taxonomy
Related Articles
On the mechanism of rapid plasma membrane and chloroplast envelope expansion in Dunaliella salina exposed to hypoosmotic shock
The Journal of Cell Biology
Dunaliella salina cells rapidly diluted from their normal 1.71 M NaCl- containing growth medium into medium containing 0.86 M NaCl swelled within 2--4 min to an average volume 1.76 X larger and a surface area 1.53 X larger than found in control cells. Morphometric analysis of thin section electron micrographs revealed that certain organelles, including the chloroplast, nucleus, and some types of vacuoles, also expanded in surface area as much or more than did the entire cell. It is likely that glycerol, the most important osmotically active intracellular solute, was present in high concentration within these organelles as well as in the cytoplasm itself. Thin section and freeze- fracture electron microscopy were utilized to trace the origin of membrane material whose addition permitted the large increase in plasma membrane surface area and the equally large growth of the chloroplast outer envelope. The findings indicated that the plasma membrane's expansion resulted from its selective fusion with numerous small (less than or equal to 0.25 micron diam) vesicles prevalent throughout the cytoplasm. In contrast, new membrane added to the chloroplast outer envelope was drawn from an entirely different source, namely, elements of the endoplasmic reticulum.
Related Articles
Concurrent changes in Dunaliella salina ultrastructure and membrane phospholipid metabolism after hyperosmotic shock
The Journal of Cell Biology
Hyperosmotic shock, induced by raising the NaCl concentration of Dunaliella salina medium from 1.71 to 3.42 M, elicited a rapid decrease of nearly one-third in whole cell volume and in the volume of intracellular organelles. The decrease in cell volume was accompanied by plasmalemma infolding without overall loss of surface area. This contrasts with the dramatic increase in plasmalemma surface area after hypoosmotic shock (Maeda, M., and G. A. Thompson. 1986. J. Cell Biol. 102:289-297). Although plasmalemma surface area remained constant after hyperosmotic shock, the nucleus, chloroplast, and mitochondria lost membrane surface area, apparently through membrane fusion with the endoplasmic reticulum. Thus the endoplasmic reticulum serves as a reservoir for excess membrane during hyperosmotic stress, reversing its role as membrane donor to the same organelles during hypoosmotically induced cell expansion. Hyperosmotic shock also induced rapid changes in phospholipid metabolism. The mass of phosphatidic acid dropped to 56% of control and that of phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate rose to 130% of control within 4 min. Further analysis demonstrated that within 10 min after hyperosmotic shock, there was 2.5-fold increase in phosphatidylcholine turnover, a twofold increase in lysophosphatidylcholine mass, a four-fold increase in lysophosphatidate mass, and an elevation in free fatty acids to 124% of control, all observations suggesting activation of phospholipase A. The observed biophysical and biochemical phenomena are likely to be causally interrelated in providing mechanisms for successful accommodation to such severe osmotic extremes.
Related Articles
Copper-Binding Compounds from Methylosinus trichosporium OB3b
DiSpirito, Alan A.
Zahn, James A.
Graham, David W.
Kim, Hyung J.
Larive, Cynthia K.
Derrick, Tiffany S.
Cox, Charles D.
Taylor, Alan
Journal of Bacteriology
Two copper-binding compounds/cofactors (CBCs) were isolated from the spent media of both the wild type and a constitutive soluble methane monooxygenase (sMMOC) mutant, PP319 (P. A. Phelps et al., Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 58:3701–3708, 1992), of Methylosinus trichosporium OB3b. Both CBCs are small polypeptides with molecular masses of 1,218 and 779 Da for CBC-L1 and CBC-L2, respectively. The amino acid sequence of CBC-L1 is S?MYPGS?M, and that of CBC-L2 is SPMP?S. Copper-free CBCs showed absorption maxima at 204, 275, 333, and 356 with shoulders at 222 and 400 nm. Copper-containing CBCs showed a broad absorption maximum at 245 nm. The low-temperature electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) spectra of copper-containing CBC-L1 showed the presence of a copper center with an EPR splitting constant between those of type 1 and type 2 copper centers (g⊥ = 2.087, g∥ = 2.42 G, |A∥| = 128 G). The EPR spectrum of CBC-L2 was more complex and showed two spectrally distinct copper centers. One signal can be attributed to a type 2 Cu2+ center (g⊥ = 2.073, g∥ = 2.324 G, |A∥| = 144 G) which could be saturated at higher powers, while the second shows a broad, nearly isotropic signal near g⊥ = 2.063. In wild-type strains, the concentrations of CBCs in the spent media were highest in cells expressing the pMMO and stressed for copper. In contrast to wild-type strains, high concentrations of CBCs were observed in the extracellular fraction of the sMMOC mutants PP319 and PP359 regardless of the copper concentration in the culture medium.
Related Articles
Estrogen Receptor Status in Relation to Risk of Contralateral Breast Cancer–A Population-Based Cohort Study
Sandberg, Maria E. C.
Hall, Per
Hartman, Mikael
Johansson, Anna L. V.
Eloranta, Sandra
Ploner, Alexander
Czene, Kamila
PLoS ONE
It is unclear whether estrogen receptor (ER)-status of first primary breast cancer is associated with risk of metachronous (non-simultaneous) contralateral breast cancer (CBC), and to what extent endocrine therapy affects this association.
We studied the effect of ER-status of the first cancer on the risk of CBC overall, and for different ER-subtypes of CBC, using a large, population-based cohort. The cohort consisted of all women diagnosed with breast cancer in the Stockholm region 1976–2005; 25715 patients, of whom 940 suffered CBC. The relative risk was analyzed mainly using standardized incidence ratios (SIR).
Women with breast cancer had a doubled risk of CBC compared to the risk of breast cancer in the general female population (SIR: 2.22 [2.08–2.36]), for women with a previous ER-positive cancer: SIR = 2.30 (95% CI:2.11–2.50) and for women with a previous ER-negative cancer: SIR = 2.17 (95% CI:1.82–2.55). The relative risk of ER-positive and ER-negative CBC was very similar for women with ER-positive first cancer (SIR = 2.02 [95%CI: 1.80–2.27] and SIR = 1.89 [95%CI: 1.46–2.41] respectively) while for patients with ER-negative first cancer the relative risk was significantly different (SIR = 1.27 [95% CI:0.94–1.68] for ER-positive CBC and SIR = 4.96 [95%CI:3.67–6.56] for ER-negative CBC). Patients with ER-positive first cancer who received hormone therapy still had a significantly higher risk of CBC than the risk of breast cancer for the general female population (SIR = 1.74 [95% CI:1.47–2.03]).
The risk of CBC for a breast cancer patient is increased to about two-fold, compared to the risk of breast cancer in the general female population. This excess risk decreases, but does not disappear, with adjuvant endocrine therapy. Patients with ER-positive first cancers have an increased risk for CBC of both ER subtypes, while patients with ER-negative first cancer have a specifically increased risk of ER-negative CBC.
Related Articles
Results 1-25 (782296)
« Previous
Go to page number:
Next »
Remove citation from clipboard
Add citation to clipboard
This will clear all selections from your clipboard. Do you wish proceed?
Clipboard is full! Please remove an item and try again.
Contact Us
PubMed Central Canada is a service of the
Canadian Institutes of Health Research
(CIHR) working in partnership with the National Research Council's
national science library
in cooperation with the
National Center for Biotechnology Information
at the
U.S. National Library of Medicine
(NCBI/NLM). It includes content provided to the
PubMed Central International archive
by participating publishers.


text:
How BYU, Utah and USU's opponents fared in week two
Record: 1-1
Last week: Lost 30-41 at Michigan (2-0)
Up Next: at Purdue (1-1)
As the season began, rumblings were heard in South Bend that this year's defense could be better than last year's defense, a unit that carried the Irish all the way to the national championship.
After surrendering 40 points for the second time in three games, it's clear that this year's defense is not as good as last year's.
"We've got new players," Irish head coach Brian Kelly told reporters. "We lost some talented players, for sure. But I think we've got some guys that are learning, in some new roles. … I would feel a lot different moving forward if I didn't think we have the players necessary to have a good defense and the level of defense we need with the schedule we play. We've got to clean some things up and I'm confident we will."
The Irish will continue their Big 10 road trip against a Purdue squad aching for a quality win.
- Oldest first
- Newest first
- Most recommended
Texas lost 40-21 against BYU, not 40-16
- 10:53 p.m. Sept. 9, 2013
- Like
- Report abuse
Provo, UT
Regarding Middle Tennessee in Week 2, their opponent, University of North Carolina, is actually 1-1 having lost in Week 1 to South Carolina.
- 3:16 a.m. Sept. 10, 2013
- Like
- Report abuse
Login to comment
DeseretNews.com encourages a civil dialogue among its readers. We welcome your thoughtful comments.
— About comments
What You May Have Missed
Most Popular Across Site
- Utah man building Disneyland out of Legos...
- 10 takeaways from BYU football media day
- Mitt Romney says family still wants him to...
- Dick Harmon: Nike designing a shoe...
- 'Vampire trucker' admits to holding women for...
- Who will be BYU's starting quarterback? Hill?...
- Freeway cattle drive concludes without a...
- Ruby Girl: New website aims to give LDS young...
Most Commented
Across Site
In Blogs


text:
Connected TV specialists easeltv has announced further collaboration with Virgin Media to develop applications (apps) for its TV service powered by TiVo.
Easeltv has already developed a core framework application that Virgin Media has adapted to create apps to promote the launch of the latest Harry Potter movie, Virgin Media Shorts and V Festival.
These apps exploit high-quality video coupled with rich online content to give customers a unique and seamless playback experience that is closer to a linear broadcast channel than a website in both form and function. Easeltv will also be working on other apps for Virgin Media's TiVo-powered platform.
Tucson TV Reporters Face Child Abuse Charge
INCOMPAS/Verizon: 50 Mbps Should Be Business Data Services Table Stakes
Albrecht Reups at Starz, Adds President Title
Chris Albrecht Staying With Starz Through 2020
Face-to-Face Meeting Rejected, Redstone Says
INCOMPAS/Verizon: 50 Mbps Should Be BDS Table Stakes
Uefa picks Gearhouse for Euro TOCs
BBC moves to HbbTV
Veset, Pebble Beach Systems, Netgem join TVBEurope 2020
This Video Breaks Down the Psychology Behind Cinematic Color Choices
Roberto Miervini's 'The Other Side' Blurs Line Between Documentary and Fiction
This Video Essay Deciphers the Themes of 'High-Rise'


text:
Parish History
The church building where Christ the Savior is now housed was once the property of the Apostolic Catholic Church. The denomination, an offshoot of Anglicanism, was organized in 1835 in Scotland. By the late 1900's the denomination was in decline and parishes were closing their doors, one by one.
|Wednesday, June 29th
Ss. Peter & Paul
6:30am Divine Liturgy
|Saturday, July 2nd
4:00pm Confessions
5:00pm Vigil
|Sunday, July 3rd
9:30am Divine Liturgy
|Wednesday, July 6th
6:30pm Daily Vespers
|Monthly Calendar >


text:
23 of 24 people found the following review helpful
Best popular science book I've read all year,
This review is from: The Seven Daughters Of Eve (Paperback)
Even to a mere 16 year old teenager, this book was engrossing. The descriptions of the Seven Daughters of Eve were imaginative, and every line was mixed with humour. Even the most scientific parts of the book were very easy to understand, and even enjoyable, which not many popular science books can do. Sykes has a gift of explaining complex notions clearly, and for that alone, he deserves the five stars.
But what is most absorbing about this book is the whole idea of all of us being related to one another. It was definitely an eye opener and made me look at everyone else in the world differently - almost as if I am seeing my brothers and sisters around every corner! The enduring capacity of mitochondrial DNA, and the fact that it stays pure for centuries, was also a gripping concept - and made me realise the power of DNA and our genes.
A must read for anyone who is fascinated by genetics. It even made me consider genetics for a future degree!
Review Details
(79 customer reviews)
Location: London, UK
Top Reviewer Ranking: 1,499,347


text:
This is an alphabetical list of degree plans (PDF).
Start planning for your future at UST.
Apply now
See our comprehensive list of majors, minors and programs offered.
Read more
$10K Scholarships Offered for New Leadership Minor6/10/2016
The Center for Ethical Leadership will begin awarding ten $10,000 scholarships to...
Follow Us


text:
Writer: JackSupple
Date:Wednesday August 27 2014
Time: 2:49PM
Pirelli Stadium
Following Sunday`s dismal defeat away to Spurs, QPR make the trip north to Burton where the two sides will face in the Capital One Cup. It will be the first competitive meeting between Burton and QPR and it has all the makings of a giant killing.
Burton have been impressive so far this season, winning four and drawing one of their five fixtures. It`s even more encouraging for the Brewers when you consider how well they`ve coped with the loss of talisman Billy Kee to Scunthorpe United. They`re enjoying a decent run at the moment and will fancy themselves to beat QPR tonight.
In contrast, QPR are in need of a pick me up after the drubbing by Spurs. Rangers were beyond abysmal against the Lilywhites and it reminded me of many displays under Mark Hughes. You`d hope Harry Redknapp will pick a strong side tonight and try to really hammer Burton, but in all likeliness the R`s will field a reserve side in a bid to avoid injuries for the Premier League.
Albion midfielders Lee Bell, Damien McCrory and Jimmy Phillips are all sidelined with knee injuries.
Possible line up:
New summer signing Eduardo Vargas is unavailable as he is yet to receive his work permit.
Possible line up:
The Brewers have only made it into Round 3 once in their League Cup history, being eliminated by eventual finalists Bradford in 2012/13.
Burton`s only previous League Cup meeting with a top-flight side ended in a penalty defeat (to Fulham last season).
Three of QPR`s last four eliminations in the League Cup have come to sides from a lower division than them.
The Brewers` nine previous League Cup games have seen a total of 45 goals scored.
The R`s have kept three clean sheets in their last five League Cup games on the road.
Referee: Paul Tierney
Assistants: Matt McGrath & Thomas Nield
Fourth Official: Gary Sutton
Paul Tierney is the match official for tonight`s encounter against the Brewers. Last season, Tierney issued 110 yellow cards and 13 red cards in 35 games.
2-3 QPR win.
Who: Sunderland
Where: Loftus Road
When: 30/08/2014
Date:Wednesday August 27 2014
Time: 2:49PM
Lynch: The Huddersfield View (Wednesday June 29 2016)
Defender Pens QPR Deal (Wednesday June 29 2016)
Are Players Set For A Football Exit? (Tuesday June 28 2016)
QPR Season in Review - January (Friday June 24 2016)
Midfielder Pens QPR Deal (Thursday June 23 2016)
QPR Draw Swindon Town (Wednesday June 22 2016)
QPR Open With Leeds (Wednesday June 22 2016)
League Cup Draw Wednesday 1pm (Tuesday June 21 2016)
Championship Fixtures For 2016/17 Released Tomorrow (Tuesday June 21 2016)
QPR Season in Review - December (Wednesday June 15 2016)
|Latest Results
|Mick Relies On the Nearly Men Again.
» Ipswich : 01/07/2016 19:44:00
|LUFC Second Yorkshire Derby Moved On Police Advice
» Leeds Utd : 01/07/2016 19:10:01
|Stekelenburg Leaves Craven Cottage
» Fulham : 01/07/2016 19:07:00
|LUFC Leeds Bring In Swansea Defender
» Leeds Utd : 01/07/2016 19:00:01
|LUFC Bellusci Returns To Italy
» Leeds Utd : 01/07/2016 19:00:00


text:
Wonderful Arabian mare, Granddaughter of Class, been used mostly for endurance, english and western, and trail riding and been horse camping. Amazingly…$3,500
Here is an extraordinary horse you will want to see! He is well rounded and can go in any direction that you choose. He has been sorting cattle competitively…$5,200
TA Navajo, 6 year old Chestnut Arabian Stallion, big and muscular, athletic and well trained. Over 2 years western reining training locally, trained by…$4,500
Add some "Royalty" to your breeding program. Royalty is a straight egyptian, Al Khamsa bred stallion. He is not only beautiful with with a classic chiseled…Stud Fee: $1,000
Presenting TA Khafre, grandson of the legendary Khemosabi++++// out of the Khemosabi daughter GA Kcharrity. GA Kcharrity is a full sister to 6 champions…Stud Fee: $750
Sweetest 10 yr old boy - very affectionate, gentle with everyone. Super intelligent and spirited as Arabs are. Requires more experienced rider as he…SOLD
Young, pretty, high-necked Apollopalooza daughter! Maternal sister to CA Flamethrower (Multi-National Champion Country English Pleasure horse). Going…SOLD
This AFIRE BEY V daughter is beautiful and has a long neck and extreme motion! She is a full sister to National Champion English Pleasure mare Steppin…SOLD


text:
Raio de Sol Praia Hotel, Fortaleza
- Free buffet breakfast and WiFi
Main amenities
- 26 smoke-free guestrooms
- Outdoor pool
- 24-hour front desk
- Air conditioning
- Daily housekeeping
- Self-serve laundry
- Luggage storage
- Tour/ticket assistance
What's around
- In Beira Mar
- Ponte dos Ingleses (0.1 mi / 0.2 km)
- Dragao do Mar Art and Culture Center (0.3 mi / 0.5 km)
- Mini Siara Museum (0.5 mi / 0.7 km)
- Maracatu Museum (0.5 mi / 0.8 km)
- INACE Shipyard (0.5 mi / 0.9 km)
For families
- Cribs/infant beds available
- Private bathroom
- Free toiletries
- Daily housekeeping
- Laundry facilities
- Blackout drapes/curtains
Raio de Sol Praia Hotel, Fortaleza
Hotel Info: 866-539-8117from $57
- Standard Single Room
- Standard Double Room
- Standard Triple Room
Also popular with travelers from the USA
At a glance
Key facts
Hotel size
- This hotel has 26 rooms
- This hotel is arranged over 2 floors
- Check-in time 2 PM-Midnight
- Check-out time is noon
Required at check in
- Credit card or cash deposit required
- Government-issued photo ID required
- Minimum check-in age is 18
Travelling with others
- One child (7 years old and younger) stays free when occupying the parent or guardian's room, using existing bedding
- Parents must have child's birth certificate and photo ID *
- No pets or service animals allowed
- Free WiFi in public areas
- Free WiFi in rooms
- No parking
Other information
- Smoke-free property
- No alcohol allowed onsite
Nearby Three Star Fortaleza hotels
In the hotel
- Free buffet breakfast daily
- Outdoor pool
- 24-hour front desk
- Tours/ticket assistance
- Laundry facilities
- Luggage storage
- Number of buildings/towers - 1
- Year Built 1990
In the room
- Air conditioning
- Minibar
- Blackout drapes/curtains
- Individually decorated
- Individually furnished
- Private bathroom
- Shower only
- Free toiletries
- 32-inch LED TV
- Cable TV channels
- Desk
- Free WiFi
- Phone
- Daily housekeeping
Top Fortaleza hotels
Recently reviewed hotels in Fortaleza
- Carmel Magna Praia HotelFrom
"Fine location and very suitable"Apr 21, 2016
- Hotel Luzeiros FortalezaFrom
"Great location, good breakfast. A little outdated."Apr 13, 2016
- Porto D'Aldeia Eco LodgeFrom
"Not enough staff to serve breakfast properly. Items missing (cheese, eggs, juice), we had to clean up our table to have a sit. Wi-fi is reasonable. Service a bit slow. Beds are…"Oct 14, 2015
- Vila Galé Cumbuco - All Inclusive ResortFrom
"We went there on a family - kite trip, although the beach is a bit far from the rooms, everybody gets yo have a lot of fun, the pool is great for the kids ! Plus they get to eat…"Oct 11, 2015
Nearby hotels
Raio de Sol Praia Hotel, Fortaleza's small print
Also known as
- Raio de Sol Praia
- Raio de Sol Praia Fortaleza
- Raio de Sol Praia Hotel
- Raio de Sol Praia Hotel Fortaleza
- Raio De Sol - Praia Hotel Fortaleza, Ceara, Brazil
Parents or a legal guardian traveling with children under 18 years must present the child's birth certificate and an identity card with photo (passport, for example) at the check-in. For international travels from Brazil, if just one of the parents is traveling with the child, she/he must present – in addition to the child's certificate of birth and identity card with photo – a letter authorizing the trip signed by the other parent with a notarial certification of signature. In case the parents or the legal guardian, as applicable, cannot or are unwilling to give this authorization, a judicial authorization is required. People who intend to travel to Brazil with children must consult with the Brazilian consulate before traveling for more information.
Only registered guests are allowed in the guestrooms.
This property does not have elevators.
We have included all charges provided to us by this hotel. However, charges can vary, for example, based on length of stay or the room you book.
Is the description of this hotel not correct? Tell us


text:
ray ban original sunglasses like that. the standard is okay using the cost My spouse and i acquired it for. I use the idea from time to time. Because this sun shades ended up being together with the some other DG I believed it was an innovative 1. When it showed up I had been unhappy!!! It's created using a new crap plastic-type material and appear bad. I feel I have been previously duped with this particular item on the list of genuine ones, 10 for the container. I prefer them but you are extre Qatar ray ban cats 5000 you'll be able to rely on the crooks to We are extremely happy with our purchase. Fantastic the perception of sunglasses. Very cheap for the great set of two glasses. An excellent opportunity a buddy to buy it. Really intelligent, look nice and also feel well-crafted. To the cost you can't go wrong. Are unable to wait to make use of these kind of, they're specifically if not much better than I became expecting, would and definately will utilize this company yet again , immediate servisunglasses 2011w things i anticipated for your price tag. It's a wonderful item, We purchased these on the night of the 23rd associated with May and got the idea the day from the Twenty fifth so great supply moment. I needed them for any birthday party and they also searched great! Unfortunately the item broke soon after one evening as hollister london Save Up 70% Offore expensive as well as better made. These types of eyeglasses look fantastic but you are extremely sensitive, and also feel as if they're able to burglary a moment! Your body seems like it's going to snap every-time My spouse and i open the wats; this really is made worse through the truth the particular hinges are really hard initially. I guess I can hardly count on much more for your price. But if you are purchasing these kinds of to get a rapid seize Luxembourg ray ban retailers classic glasses frameséŌĆØ
ŃĆĆŃĆĆJames happy following your game'╝īŌĆ£We won'╝īI believe everybody is able to calm downŃĆéŌĆØBut also, he reveal that they need to do prior to the video game will knowledge various difficulties preparation'╝īAnd this individual realized wherever big t
ŃĆĆ oakley ski goggles sale women Brand name Layout Glasses Large frame Toad wine glass HOT Trend 2015 Summer Coating Men's Antique Sun shades
Summer season Style Kitty Vision Sunglasse Women Eyewear
Glasse With Steel Shape Brandname Artist Aviator Sunglasse For males UV400 3057F
Summer season Fashion sunglasses adult men manufacturer custom Backyard Aviator Sun glasses for Men Girls Foshion Glasses Generating Wayfarer Sun's rays Goblet
2015 Summer season fashi
╗┐ere down on paper everyone's concept of ????any formerŃĆéConference site'╝īAŃĆŖTo the particular formerŃĆŗThe book is also delivered to the press in handŃĆéYaoxing Tong revealed'╝īOwn job interviews with folks in their facet took months'╝īThe movie just isn't mentioned from the history are generally published to the formerŃĆéAsŌĆ£Dragon LadyŌĆØ'╝īYao Xingtong normally also received the particular assist regarding Jackie ChanŌĆöŌĆöThe book prefaced by simply him personallyŃĆé
'╗┐ offender in these instances are merely in charge involving Industrial'╝īSo in order tofashion glasses oakley z87 cheapestand i wasn't sure what you should expect. Yet with this price tag I figured I'd tiny to reduce. I must declare these kinds of did not fail, fantastic appear and that i can certainly observe when its sunlit, that's way more as compared to i will say for various other costly sun glasses We've ordered prior to.
My personal sun glasses would appear damaged very first time spherical, however have been exchanged quickly i didnt have to mail the actual shattered


text:
Search Checkatrade for suitable tradespeople and add them to your list for them to call you back.
Sign in to retrieve a saved callback list.
I have 18 years of experience in the building trade, specialising in kitchen fitting to wet room or standard bathroom installations. Plastering to painting and decorating. I try and give a...
Builder, Painter and Decorator, Brickwork and Pointing, Fencing and Gates, Groundworks and Demolition, Home Improvements, Concreting, Exterior Painting, General Building, Painting and...
SH Construction and Fencing is a local business run by Steve who has over 35 years experience in the construction and fencing industry. Some of my experience includes many high security...
Friendly, local tradesman. Free quotes, fully insured!
I have over ten years' experience in the trade and hold an NVQ level 3 qualification in Carpentry and Joinery.
Whether its a loft conversion, conservatory, extension or new build, from planning and design, to the build and completion, we are proud to deliver the finest quality of workmanship.
Welcome to the Checkatrade page for Marco Plastering and Coving. Please view my profile page to find out about the services I can offer you.
We have been providing Construction and Building services in and around the Solent region for 17 years. Our team specialise in the following:Refurbishments Internal re design and Fit...
Builder, Brick and Concrete Structural Repairs, Brickwork and Pointing, Groundworks and Demolition, Concreting, General Building, New Builds, Partition Walls, Under Pinning, Bricklayer,...
All Aspects Of Building And Building Maintenance. For All Details And All The Information You Need Please Visit
Welcome to profile page of All Aspects Plastering, Please feel free to give us a call for a FREE no obligations quote.
At Mitre Pro Limited we supply and fit top quality kitchens, bathrooms and bedrooms at surprisingly affordable prices. We pride ourselves on giving a highly professional, reliable service.
Coleman Constructions is a local family run business with over 30years experience and we pride ourselves in our high standard of workmanship.Over the years we have built up a reputation that...
Traditional builders offering all building services including full refurbishment, extensions, loft conversions and landscaping. No job too small. Over 30 years' experience.
I started ASB Building Services 5 years ago and am based in Portchester. I pride myself in my work and aim to provide, you the customer, with the highest quality workmanship possible.
We aim to ensure our professionalism and customer service is second to none while keeping our standards high. This ensures we get a high level of recommendations and repeat customers.
kitchen and bathroom refurbishments,
interior/exterior painting and decorating,
fascia and guttering cleaning or replacement,
fencing, sheds, including made to
UNIVERSAL DEVELOPMENT are a family run business based in GOSPORT, with over 10 year experience. We take huge pride in our work & take great care when dealing with our customers. 07814 483554
Welcome to SBS Building Services, We are a family run business with over 15 years experience within the building trade.
Customer feedback and scores for all to see
No registration required to view and contact our members
nationwide to choose from


text:
Stories Tagged "floods": Page 4
No stories found.
Related Tags
- recreation
- Congress
- Mason City
- news
- governors
- communities
- climate change
- economy
- elections
- Decorah
- kids
- safety
- Dubuque
- University of Iowa
- Chet Culver
- Hispanics
- Republicans
- Coralville
- rebuilding
- disaster relief
- global warming
- Marshalltown
- Dave Loebsack
- Okoboji
- schools
- Adel
- stress
- immigration
Related IPTV Video
Des Moines Flooding DowntownIn this clip from June 9th, see flood footage from the Raccoon River, Fleur Drive. and Principal Park. 08:46 Play Video
Highways 30 and 14 FloodedIn this clip see footage of Highway 30 and Highway 14 submerged. 04:58 Play Video
Oakville, Iowa Flood of 2008Here is a video of a house going under the Bridge on highway 99 in Oakville, Iowa (via MIKE7772008 on YouTube) 00:29 Play Video
Bettendorf flood 2008Flooding from the Mississippi near the edge of Bettendorf and Davenport, Iowa. 6th Street and River Drive June 16th,... 00:18 Play Video
Coralville Dam SpillwayIn this clip from June 9th see people gathered at the spillway just prior to overflowing. 03:52 Play Video
Your Iowa Photos
Post your photos to our Flickr group, The Iowa Journal, to see them featured below.
Tune In
There are no broadcasts currently planned. Please check back for future broadcast dates.


text:
Product ID: 1316
The Double Minor is our soft hand triple peak short sleeve crew neck tee. Made of 100% cotton, this tee has a vintage, old favorite tee shirt look with its weathered soft hand screen print decoration. An official full-color team logo accompanies the classic "Property of: Chicago Blackhawks" phrase. This tee is bound to make a statement, and to be your new go-to tee.
Mens Vintage Expansion Draft History Short Sleeve Crew Neck Tee - Chicago Blackhawks 1937-38
Mens Expansion Draft Short Sleeve Synthetic V-Neck Tee - Chicago Blackhawks
Men's NHL Lightweight Sublimated Twill Tek Patch® Triple Peak Short Sleeve Crew Neck Tee - Chicago Blackhawks
Mens Home Ice Advantage Short Sleeve Crew Neck Tee - Chicago Blackhawks
Womens Scramble Sport Long Sleeve Open Crew Neck Fleece - Chicago Blackhawks