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Cape Town at Street Level
Stefan de ClerkOne of the best ways to experience Cape Town is to get out of your car and into the bustling streets if this beautiful, culturally rich and historic city, and there are numerous tours that will allow you to do just that. So get on your feet, bike or board and take to the streets.
Five fascinating facts about the Bo Kaap
Rebekah KendalIt may be one of the most photographed areas of the Mother City, but brightly painted houses and quaint cobbled streets aren't the only reasons to visit the Bo Kaap. This part of Cape Town is packed full of history and culture.
Woodstock Street Art Tour
Stefan de ClerkWoodstock has become famous for not only its trendy coffee shops and creative studios, but also its vast array of street art. What better way to see these numerous works than with the Woodstock Street Art Tour?
Best Bakeries in Cape Town
Rebekah KendalFew things beat a slice of freshly baked bread straight out of the oven slathered in butter or a flaky, buttery croissant drizzled with chocolate. We did the leg – and tummy – work for you, and rounded up the best bakeries in Cape Town.
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Unique Spa Experiences in Cape Town
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Cape Town at Street Level
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Your Bucket List of Beasts: 18 Legendary Creatures You Can See In Cape Town
Welcome to Cape Town South Africa, home to some of the world's biggest, baddest and most iconic wildlife. Don't believe us? Check out this bucket list of beasts!
Michael Bublè to Return to the Mother City at New-Look Cape Town Stadium in 2015
Start spreading the news, Michael Bublè fanatics – the legendary, sweet-voiced crooner is returning to the Mother City at an all new-looking Cape Town Stadium on Thursday 19 March, 2015!
The Insider's Guide to the Top Wine Routes in Cape Town and Surrounds
Wine tasting is an utterly charming way to pass the weekend. When paired with some of the most beautiful landscapes on earth, century old architecture and awe-inspiring food, it becomes one of Cape Town's most beloved tourist activities.
Grand White Dinner in Cape Town: My Tsogo Sun Picnic Experience
It is isn't everyday a girl gets to feast on a decadent Tsogo Sun picnic basket so when I was offered the opportunity to have this luxurious item sponsored for my meal at the Grand White Dinner in Cape Town on Saturday 1 March, 2014, I jumped at it with relish!
10 fun and pocket-friendly ways to relax in Cape Town
It's about that time of year when we're all feeling a little under pressure. More than half the year has flown by and we've worked our tooshies off juggling work, family and friends. It's getting a bit stressful. Here are 10 fun and unique ways to recharge your batteries in and around Cape Town. These are sure to leave you feeling refreshed and re-energised for the next part of the year.
The importance of responsible tourism in Cape Town
We're celebrating Responsible Tourism Week, a global initiative from February 14 to 18, but what exactly does that mean?
Your #lovecapetown weekend: What's on from Friday 15 to Sunday 17 August, 2014
Hey #lovecapetown, are you ready for the weekend?!
Your #lovecapetown Weekend: What's Happening in Cape Town from Friday 1 August to Sunday 3 August
The weekend is finally here and we have hand-picked three #lovecapetown events that promise to make it extra special…
A Visitor's Guide to Accessible Cape Town
Cape Town can, with some careful planning, deliver a really enjoyable holiday experience for visitors with special access needs. Whilst we have some distance to go to being a completely Universally Accessible (UA) destination, awareness is on the rise and with it the number of improvements made to our city.
#welovecapetown: One month to go to WWF's Most Lovable Sustainable Cities announcement
We're just one month away from the WWF's We Love Cities, a competition to select the Most Lovable Sustainable City, announcement on Thursday 27 March,2014!
5 Free Ways to Exercise in Cape Town
Exercise can not only make you sexier, it can also help you not develop half the world's known diseases. Here 5 completely free ways to exercise in the Mother City.
Cape Town is a Two Time Telegraph Travel Awards 'Favourite City Winner
Here's what we know for sure: the Mother City is our favourite city but now, it's official: Cape Town has been voted The Telegraph Travel Awards' Favourite City for 2013, for the second time running!
Your #lovecapetown Weekend: Things to do from Friday 29 November to Sunday 1 December, 2013
Can you feel it, #lovecapetown? Your amazing weekend in the pulsating Mother City is on its way! There is so much to do so why not join me at the following events from Friday 29 November to Sunday 1 December, 2013:
7 Free Winter School Holiday things to do with the kids in Cape Town
Eager to treat your little ones but you're just too strapped for cash to do the big ticket activities? Here are our top 7 free things to do with your kids in Cape Town this winter.
Travel like a local: Your neighbourhood guide to Hout Bay
Hout Bay, or the Republic of Hout Bay as it is affectionately known by locals, is a fantastic sea-side neighbourhood in Cape Town that offers something for everyone, any day of the week. Here's a deeper look at what this great Cape Town area has to offer.
Sunset Specials on Table Mountain, Cape Town's Wonder of Nature
There are few things more beautiful in Cape Town than watching a beautiful sunset from our wonder of Nature, Table Mountain … and this summer, you can experience it all for less with Table Mountain Aerial Cableway's fantastic Sunset Special.
Share the Specials! Insider Tips for March
Everyone knows there are amazing specials hidden everywhere in the Mother City. As the first in a series of Share the Specials posts, we start peeling back the curtain on your best deals for the upcoming season.
5 Creative Week 2014 events in Cape Town that are totally going to blow your artistic mind
Calling all free spirits, art lovers and creatives… It's time once again for the popular annual Creative Week in Cape Town!
Women's Month: Women's Day Events in Cape Town
Ladies (and gentlemen) - Woman's Day is around the corner, and 9 August falls on a Saturday this year. Here's how you can celebrate in #lovecapetown.
Your #lovecapetown weekend: What's On from Friday 19 to Sunday 21 September, 2014?
Hey gorgeous people! Are you ready for the mother of all awesome weekends in #lovecapetown?!
Your Father's Day #lovecapetown Weekend: 13-15 June
A truly rich man is one whose children will run into his arms when his hands are empty. Give something back to your Dad this weekend in Cape Town, with our top 5 things to do.
Your #lovecapetown Freedom Day weekend: Things to do from Friday 25 to Monday 28 April, 2014
#lovecapetown, are you ready to celebrate your freedom in our democracy-loving Mother City?
Katie Holmes Films The Giver in Cape Town
Hollywood's sweetheart Katie Holmes is in #lovecapetown for the filming of sci-fi thriller The Giver and the Mother City has gone star crazy!
5 Cool things to do at Table Mountain this winter
As a visitor to our fair city, you've probably been told if not once, then a million times, that you simply MUST visit Table Mountain, Cape Town's wonder of nature. Sure, that's relatively easy to do in the summer, but just what is there to do at this iconic attraction in winter? Oh, if you only knew…
Cape Town is a WWF's We Love Cities Earth Hour Challenge finalist: Vote to win
The accolades for Cape Town just keep rolling in … this time, we're proud to announce that our caring, sustainable Mother City has been named as a finalist in the World Wide Fund for Nature (WWF) 'We Love Cities' campaign as part of the Earth Hour City Challenge!
Run free in the wild with SANParks Week in #lovecapetown
It's one of our favourite Spring events here in #lovecapetown: South African National Parks (SANParks), where entry to our city and province's most gorgeous parks are FREE!
5 Amazing Mountain Bike Trails in Cape Town
Picking our top five favourite mountain biking trails in Cape Town is like parent to pick their favourite child: we love them all for different reasons!
5 Spring School Holiday Events in Cape Town
School's nearly out, #lovecapetown, and our fun-loving third semester break is just waiting to be enjoyed with a refreshing line-up of amazing events and activities.
Cape Town's Mandela landmarks
Without a doubt, one of the most interesting, humbling and thought-provoking day excursions any visitor to Cape Town can undertake involves visiting some of the places around the city associated with Nelson Mandela, who turned 94 on July 18, 2012.
Your #lovecapetown weekend: What's On from Friday 11 to Sunday 13 July, 2014
Hey #lovecapetown, are you ready for your EPIC weekend in and around the gorgeous Mother City?


text:
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Integrated Chiropractic Rehab
(219) 738-19289111 Broadway, Ste. AA, Merrillville, IN 46410-7006 Send email to Integrated Chiropractic Rehabhttp://www.integratedchiro.net
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text:
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text:
Conventional and Bayesian approach to climate-change detection and attribution
Version of Record online: 29 DEC 2006
DOI: 10.1002/qj.49712455202
Copyright © 1998 Royal Meteorological Society
Quarterly Journal of the Royal Meteorological Society
Volume 124, Issue 552, pages 2541–2565, October 1998 Part B
Additional Information
How to Cite
Hasselmann, K. (1998), Conventional and Bayesian approach to climate-change detection and attribution. Q.J.R. Meteorol. Soc., 124: 2541–2565. doi: 10.1002/qj.49712455202
Publication History
- Issue online: 29 DEC 2006
- Version of Record online: 29 DEC 2006
- Manuscript Revised: 14 MAY 1998
- Manuscript Received: 19 DEC 1997
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CHINA: Four in ten formula manufacturers fail permit review
By Katy Askew | 2 June 2014
Beijing licenses 61% of Chinese infant formula makers
Almost four in ten of China's domestic infant formula manufacturers have failed to renew their production licenses, Beijing revealed on Friday (30 May).
According to the State Food and Drug Administration, 39% of the country's 133 infant formula makers "did not pass the review", applied for an extension or cancellation of business. The government issued just 82 licenses to manufacture infant formula under the agency's 2013 infant formula milk powder production license examination rules.
Since the 2008 melamine contamination scare, which saw six babies die and thousands fall ill after consuming tainted formula, the sector has seen a number of further scandals that have undermined confidence in domestic products.
With demand for internationally produced infant formula surging, the Chinese government embarked on a policy to tighten regulation of the industry last year - a task it believes will be aided through a process of sector consolidation.
As part of this drive, the Administration was tasked with issuing licences to manufacture infant formula.
Since last year, the agency has analysed 2698 samples, covering 86 companies in 22 provinces, the regulator stressed.
Moving forward, the food safety authority said it would step-up its supervision efforts. "The Administration will further strengthen the daily supervision, increase supervision and sampling and risk monitoring efforts," the food safety authority said in a statement.
Sectors: Baby food, Emerging markets, Food safety
Industry launches fresh appeal over Vermont's GMO labels
Organisations representing the food sector have launched a fresh appeal against Vermont state legislation requiring the labelling of genetically modified organisms. ...
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TIES Institute: Featuring Google Apps for Education
June 15-16, 2016
This hands-on event on June 15-16 will help you reimagine what teaching and learning can look like with Google Apps for Education.
Learn more
August 3-4, 2016
Join us on August 3 for three-hour hands-on learning opportunities and on August 4 for a one-day learning festival to celebrate, learn, collaborate, and network about how iPads and other mobile devices continue to impact education.
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text:
Williamson County Disc Golf Course
Primary tabs
Year Established:
No votes yet
Beautiful property with fairways defined by majestic oaks and cedars. Length and accuracy a must, with trouble just off the fairway. Tough, great course. Par 61 - one monster par 5 and five par 4's.
Course Details
Course Type: Permanent
# Holes: 18
Target Type: DISCatcher
Tee Type: Concrete
Elevation: Slight Slope
Foliage: Mixed - Trees/Open
Course Length: 6,969ft
Alternate Length: 0ft
Hole Length: Under 300ft: 8 | 300 - 400ft: 4 | Over 400ft: 6
I-35; west on 1431 to a right on CR 175 (Sam Bass Rd.), 1 mile to the park on the right. In park, go right at stop sign, then right again into soccer field lot. Hole 1 is across the main park road. Self pay-box fee; $1/day. Pack trash out.
First Tee: (
) -97.771076,30.5601
Email: Vincent Miller #5521
Phone: 512-927-6039
No Course Reviews
Have you played at Williamson County Disc Golf Course? Be the first person to review this course!
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Woman, 36, who campaigned for home births dies having baby daughter at home
- Caroline Lovell, 36, rushed to hospital after giving birth
- Death shocks midwives across Melbourne
- Coroner to conduct a full investigation
Tragic: Caroline Lovell died delivering her own baby daughter at home
A passionate advocate of home births has died after her own home labour.
Campaigner Caroline Lovell, 36, went into cardiac arrest while giving birth to her second daughter, Zahra, at her home.
She was taken to hospital but died the next day. Her daughter survived.
The tragedy, in Melbourne on January 23, will re-ignite debate about the safety of home births.
NHS statistics show that between 2000 and 2008, home births in the UK soared by 54 per cent.
Mrs Lovell had made arrangements for a private midwife to assist with the delivery, but unknown complications during the birth caused her heart to stop.
By the time paramedics arrived at her home, she was critically ill.
The photographer, who leaves behind her husband Nick, her first daughter Lulu, three, and newborn Zahra, had lobbied the Australian government for more state support for women who wanted home births.
In 2009 she told a health inquiry that midwives who assisted with home births needed proper funding and legal protection, in line with other countries.
Her written submission warned that 'lives will be in threat without proper midwifery assistance' from the state.
She wrote: 'On a personal note, I am quite shocked and ashamed that homebirth will no longer be a woman's free choice in low-risk pregnancies.
'As a homebirthing mother I will have no choice but to have an unassisted birth at home as this is the place I want to birth my children.'
Mrs Lovell had spoken of her excitement at her impending arrival.
On October 19, she posted a message on the Facebook site for her massage business that read: 'Maternity leave officially started this morning… had a beautiful last night at work and will keep you all posted on my burgeoning growth as a mother to be – second time round.'
The Midwives in Private Practice group said it was the first time they had heard of a mother's death following a home birth. A spokesman said: 'It's very, very rare.'
In England, about 1 baby in 50 is born at home and women are usually assisted through labour and birth by a professional such as a midwife.
Many women opt for home births because they prefer a relaxed, familiar environment and would rather avoid a hospital visit.
The safety of home births is a subject of frequent debate and many experts have called for a ban on the birthing technique.
They argue women who give birth outside of a clinical setting put themselves and their newborns at risk.
In many developed countries, home birth declined rapidly over the 20th century, for example in the U.S. home birth declined from 50 per cent in 1938 to fewer than 1 per cent in 1955.
According to the American Pregnancy Association the risks associated with at-home delivery include fetal distress, cord prolapse, hemorrhage and high blood pressure.
New data suggests home births have risen by 29 per cent in the U.S. triggered by the 'Hollywood influence', better safety measures and lower costs.
A senior midwife told the Mail that a severe haemorrhage was the most likely cause of death, but an inquest has yet to be held.
The Association for Improvements in the Maternity Services in the UK said the tragedy should not put expectant mothers off home births.
Beverley Lawrence Beech said: 'While this is very sad, it is extremely
rare – almost unheard of – for women to die during home births.
'Research clearly shows that home births in the UK are no more dangerous than hospital births.
'If anything, it is safer and you are much less likely to have unnecessary medical intervention.'
In the UK, women are provided with NHS midwives if they opt for a home birth.
But in Australia, women are discouraged from giving birth at home and expectant mothers must find a private midwife.
Mrs Lawrence Beech said the 'medical mafia' in Australia should reconsider their stance and provide 'adequate support' for mothers who choose home birth.
Beth Wilson, Health Services Commissioner for the Australian state of Victoria, said she had long held concerns about home births when medical back-up might not be immediately available.
'It's very sad to hear about this and I know the coroner will conduct a full and thorough investigation,' she said.
Last night, friends paid tribute to Mrs Lovell.
One wrote: 'This world will miss your beauty, your vibrance and your refreshingly honest and truthful way of living. What a beautiful woman. We will miss you.'
Another said: 'Caroline was a beautiful being whose naturalness touched so many. She didn't know she was special, but we did.
'People loved being around her.'
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Last update: Friday 4 March 2016 [205 news items]
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text:
I'm making a custom navigation bar for my navigation controller based app, which has the default navigationBar hidden property set to true. Using the default navigation bar is out of the question because it was causing a lot of issues due to the degree in which I need to customize it (complex animations, changes in height, etc).
I'm currently adding my "navigation bar", which is just a UIView, to the view of the UIViewController. So of course, when I transition to a new view, the old navigation bar falls away and the next view controller doesn't have any navigation bar. What I'd like to do is make my navigation bar behave more like the default UINavigationController navigation bar, where it stays fixed to the top and the new and old elements cross-fade during the VC transition. How can I accomplish this effect without using a UINavigationBar?
Thanks so much!


text: Oliver is a center for organic produce and wine. Over the 20km drive between Oliver and Osoyoos, Hwy 97 plunges through orchard after orchard laden with lush fruits, earning it the moniker 'The Golden Mile.' Roadside stands display the ripe bounty and many places will let you pick your own.


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Added Oct 19, 2010
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Tori Blake's debut music video for her song "Into U". Single now available on Itunes. www.toriblake.com
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the video wouldn't work. :( well youtube. :D awesome video. cause I seen the behing the scenes one first. Oct 29
Tori Blake "Into U"
Coladitos is listening to: What Doesn't Kill You... by FIRE IN THE HOLE
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Chomsky says US is world's biggest terrorist
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Noam Chomsky is one of the superstars of the intellectual world; a prolific author and self-proclaimed anarchist, who, at the age of 86 still doesn't seem to be slowing down. He still rails against a whole host of perceived injustices, with the West generally in his line of fire. Isabelle Kumar of Euronews interviewed him about terrorism, Cuba and the future of Europe.
Who is Noam Chomsky ?
- Noam Chomsky was born on December 7, 1928 in Philadelphia, US
- He began working at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology in 1955
- He is a famous linguist, philosopher and political activist
- His work from the 1950s revolutionised the field of linguistics
- He rose to prominence for his anti-Vietnam war activism
- He opposes ruling elites and is a sharp critic of US and western foreign policy
- He has authored hundreds of books
Isabelle Kumar: "The world in 2015 seems a very unsettled place but if we take a big picture view do you feel optimistic or pessimistic about the general state of play?"
Noam Chomsky: "In the global scene we are racing towards a precipice which we are determined to fall over which will sharply reduce the prospects for decent survival."
Isabelle Kumar: "What precipice is that?"
Noam Chomsky: "There are actually two, one is environmental catastrophe which is imminent and we don't have a lot of time to deal with it and we are going the wrong way, and the other has been around for 70 years, the threat of nuclear war, which is in fact increasing. If you look at the record it is a miracle we have survived."
Isabelle Kumar: "Let's look at the environmental issues, we have asked our social media audience to send in questions and we have hordes of questions. We received this question from Enoa Agoli who asks, when you look at this issue of the environment and you look at it through a philosopher's lens, what do you think about climate change?"
Noam Chomsky: "The human species has been around for maybe a 100,000 years and it is now facing a unique moment in its history. This species is now in a position where it will decide very soon, in the next few generations, whether the experiment in so-called intelligent life will proceed or are we determined to destroy it? I mean scientists overwhelmingly recognise that most of the fossil fuels have to be left in the ground if our grandchildren are going to have decent prospects. But the institutional structures of our society are pressuring to try to extract every drop. The effects, the human consequences, of the predicted effects of climate change in the not very distant future, are catastrophic and we are racing toward that precipice."
Isabelle Kumar: "In terms of nuclear war we see the prospect of this Iran deal has reached a preliminary agreement. Does that provide you with a glimmer of hope that the world could potentially be a safer place?"
Noam Chomsky: "I'm in favour of the Iran negotiations but they are profoundly flawed. There are two states that rampage in the middle east carrying out aggressions, violence, terrorist acts, illegal acts, constantly. They're both huge nuclear weapon states and their nuclear armorments. And their nuclear weapons are not being considered."
Noam Chomsky: "The United States is regarded as the greatest threat to world peace"
Do you agree?
Watch the full interview here: http://eurone.ws/LNSwJPosted by euronews on Monday, 20 April 2015
Isabelle Kumar: "And who exactly are you referring to?"
Noam Chomsky: "The United States and Israel. The two major nuclear states in the world. I mean there's a reason why, in international polls, run by US polling agencies, the United States is regarded as the greatest threat to world peace by an overwhelming margin. No other country is even close. It's kind of interesting that the US media refused to publish this. But it doesn't go away."
Isabelle Kumar: "You don't hold US President Obama in very high esteem. But does this deal make you think of him in slightly better terms? The fact that he is trying to reduce the threat of nuclear war?"
Noam Chomsky: " Well, actually he isn't. He's just initiated a trillion dollar programme of modernisation of the US nuclear weapon system, which means expanding the nuclear weapon system. That's one the reasons why the famous doomsday clock, established by the Bulletin of Atomic Scientists has, just a couple of weeks ago, been pushed two minutes closer to midnight. Midnight is the end. It's now three minutes from midnight. That's the closest it's been in thirty years. Since the early Regan years when there was a major war scare."
Isabelle Kumar: "You mentioned the US and Israel in terms of Iran. Now, Israeli Prime Minister Benjamin Netanyahu obviously doesn't want the Iran nuclear deal to work, and he says…"
Noam Chomsky: "That's interesting. We should ask why."
Isabelle Kumar: "Why?
Noam Chomsky: "We know why. Iran has very low military expenditures, even by the standards of the region, let alone the United States. Iran's strategic doctrine is defensive, it's designed to hold off an attack long enough for diplomacy to start, and the United States and Israel, the two rogue states, do not want to tolerate a deterrent. No strategic analyst with a brain function thinks that Iran would ever use a nuclear weapon. Even if it were prepared to do so the country would simply be vaporised and there's no indication that the ruling clerics, whatever you think about the, want to see everything they have destroyed."
Isabelle Kumar: "Just one more question on this issue and it's via social media, from Morten A. Andersen. He asks, "Do you believe that the US would ever strike a deal that would be dangerous to Israel in the first place?"
Noam Chomsky: "The United States is carrying out constant actions which are dangerous to Israel, very seriously. Namely supporting Israeli policy. For the last 40 years the greatest threat to Israel has been its own policies. If you look back 40 years, say to 1970, Israel was one of the most respected and admired countries in the world. There were lots of favorable attitudes to it. Now, it's one of the most disliked and feared countries in the world. In the early 70s Israel made a decision. They had a choice and they made a decision to prefer expansion to security and that carries with it dangerous consequences. Consequences which were obvious at the time – I wrote about them and other people did – if you prefer expansion to security it is going to lead to internal degeneration, anger, opposition, isolation and possibly ultimate destruction. And by supporting those policies, the United States is contributing to the threats that Israel faces."
Isabelle Kumar: "That's brings me to the subject of terrorism then. Because that is really a global blight and some people, I think including yourself, will say that this is blowback for US terrorist policy around the world. How far is the US and its allies responsible for what we're seeing now in terms of the terrorist attacks around the world?"
Noam Chomsky: "Remember the worst terrorist campaign in the world by far is the one that's being orchestrated in Washington. That's the global assassination campaign. There's never been a terrorist campaign of that scale."
Isabelle Kumar: "When you say global assassination campaign…?"
Noam Chomsky: "The drone campaign – that's exactly what it is. Over large parts of the world, the United States is systematically, publically, openly – there's nothing secret about what I'm saying, we all know it – it's carrying out regular campaigns to assassinated people who the US government suspects of intending to harm it someday. And indeed it is, as you mentioned, a terror generated campaign, and when you bomb a village in Yemen, say, and you kill somebody – maybe the person you were aiming at maybe not – and other people who happened to be in the neighbourhood – how do you think they are going to react? They're going to take revenge."
"We are racing towards a precipice". He is 86 years old, a self proclaimed anarchist and a globally renowned social...Posted by euronews on Saturday, 18 April 2015
Isabelle Kumar: "You describe the US as the leading terrorist state. Where does Europe fit into that picture then?"
Noam Chomsky: "Well, that's an interesting question. So for example there was recently a study. I think it was done by the Open Society Foundation… the worst form of torture is rendition. Rendition means you take somebody you suspect of something, and you send them off to your favourite dictator, maybe Assad or Gadaffi or Mubarak, to be tortured, hoping that maybe something will come out of it. That's extraordinary rendition. The study reviewed the countries that participated in this, well obviously the Middle East dictatorships because that's where they were sent to be tortured, and Europe. Most of Europe participated; England, Sweden, other countries. In fact, there's only one region in the world where nobody participated: Latin America. Which is pretty dramatic. And first of all Latin America has now become pretty much out of US control. When it was controlled by the United States, not very long ago, it was the world's centre of torture. Now, it didn't participate in the worst form of torture, which is rendition. Europe participated. If the master roars, the servants cower."
Isabelle Kumar: "So Europe is the servant of the United States?"
Noam Chomsky: " Definitely. They are too cowardly to take an independent position."
Isabelle Kumar: "Where does Vladimir Putin fit into this picture? He's painted as one of the greatest threats to security. Is he?"
Noam Chomsky: "Like most leaders, he's a threat to his own population. He's taken illegal actions, obviously. But to depict him as a crazed monster who is suffering from brain disease and has Alzheimer's, and is a rat-faced evil creature, that's standard Orwellian fanaticism. I mean, whatever you think about his policies, they are understandable. The idea that Ukraine might join a Western military alliance would be quite unacceptable to any Russian leader. This goes back to 1990 when the Soviet Union collapsed. There was a question about what would happen with NATO. Now Gorbachov agreed to allow Germany to be unified and to join NATO. It was a pretty remarkable concession with a quid pro quo: that NATO would not expand one inch to the east. That was the phrase that was used."
Isabelle Kumar: "So Russia has been provoked?"
Noam Chomsky: "Well, what happened? NATO instantly moved into East Germany and then Clinton came along and expanded NATO right to the borders of Russia. Now, the new Ukrainian government, the government established after the overthrow of the preceding one, now the parliament voted 300 to 8 or something like that, to move to join NATO."
Isabelle Kumar: "But you can understand why they would want to join NATO, you can see why Petro Porochenko's government would probably see it as protecting their country?"
Noam Chomsky: "No, no, no, no. That's not protecting. Crimea was taken away after the overthrow of the government, right. And this is not protecting Ukraine, it is threatening Ukraine with major war. Now that's not protection. The point is, this is a serious strategic threat to Russia, which any Russian leader would have to react to. That's well understood."
Isabelle Kumar: "If we look at the situation in Europe though, there's also another interesting phenomenon that's taking place. We're seeing Greece moving towards the East, potentially, with the Syriza government. We're also seeing Podemos, which is gaining power in Spain, also in Hungary. Do you see that there is a potential for Europe to start shirting and aligning itself more with Russian interests?"
Noam Chomsky: "Take a look at what's happening. Hungary is a different situation entirely. Syriza came into office on the basis of a popular wave which said that Greece should no longer subject itself to policies from Brussels and the German banks which are destroying the country. The effect of these policies has been actually to increase Greece's debt relative to its wealth production; probably a half of young people are unemployed, probably 40% of the population is living under the poverty line, Greece is being destroyed."
Isabelle Kumar: "So should their debt be written off?"
Noam Chomsky: "Yes, just like Germany's was. In 1953, when Europe wrote off most of Germany's debt. Just like that, so that Germany would be able to reconstruct from wartime damage."
Isabelle Kumar: "But then what about all the other European countries…?"
Noam Chomsky: " Same story."
Isabelle Kumar: "So Portugal should have its debt written off, Spain should have its debt written off…?"
Noam Chomsky: "Who incurred this debt? And who is the debt owed to? In part, the debt was incurred by dictators. So in Greece it was the fascist dictatorship, which the US supported, that incurred a large part of the debt. The debt I think was more brutal than the dictatorship, and that's what's called in international law, "odious debt" which need not be paid, and that's a principal introduced into international law by the United States, when it was in their interest to do so. Much of the rest of the debt, what is called payments to Greece are in fact payments to banks, German and French banks, which had decided to make extremely risky loans with not very high interest and are now being faced with the fact that they can't be paid back."
Isabelle Kumar: "I'd like to ask this question now, from Gil Gribaudo, who asks, "How will Europe transform then, versus the existential challenges it's facing?" Because yes there's the economic crisis, and there's also a rise in nationalism, and you've also described some cultural fault lines which have been created across Europe. How do you see Europe transforming itself?"
Noam Chomsky: " Europe has serious problems. Some of the problems are the result of economic policies designed by the bureaucrats in Brussels, the European Commission and so on, under the pressure of NATO and the big banks, mostly German ones. These policies make some sense from the point of view of the designers. For one thing they want to be paid back for their risky and hazardous loans and investments, and the other thing is that these policies are eroding the welfare state, which they've never liked. But the welfare state is one of Europe's major contributions to modern society, but the rich and powerful have never liked it and the fact that these policies are eroding it is good from their point of view. There's another problem in Europe, it's extremely racist. I've always felt that Europe is probably more racist than the United States. It wasn't as visible in Europe because the European populations in the past tended to be pretty homogeneous. So if everybody is blonde and blue-eyed, then you don't seem racist, but as soon as the population begins to change racism comes out of the woodwork. Very fast. And that's a serious cultural problem in Europe."
Isabelle Kumar: "I'd like to end, because we're very short of time, with a question from Robert Light on a more positive note. He asks, "What gives you hope?"
Noam Chomsky: " What gives me hope is a couple of things we've talked about. Latin American independence for example. That's of historic significance. We're going to see it right now, in the Summit of Americas meeting in Panama. In the recent hemispheric meetings, the United States has been completely isolated. It's a radical change from 10 or 20 years ago, when the United States ran [Latin American affairs]. In fact the reason why Obama made his gestures towards Cuba was to try to overcome American, US isolation. It's the US that's isolated, not Cuba. And probably it will fail. We will see. The signs for optimism in Europe are Syriza and Podemos. Hopefully there is finally a popular uprising against the the crushing, destructive economic and social policies that come from the bureaucracy and the banks, and that's very hopeful. Should be."
Isabelle Kumar: "Noam Chomsky, many thanks for being with us."
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Award Abstract #1227144
Meaning in Context
A significant portion of the information conveyed by a typical linguistic utterance is not directly encoded in the words and that comprise it and the way they are articulated, but is rather "added on" via reasoning about how the utterance relates to information that is already present in the context. This feature of language gives rise to ambiguity, vagueness, and other kinds of "interpretive uncertainty", and has often been viewed as a design flaw that must be eradicated from rigorous discourse. In practice, however, humans are exceptionally good at arriving at the right meanings of utterances in the right contexts. The goal of this research project is to investigate exactly how this is accomplished, by examining how the cognitive systems devoted primarily to language interface with more general cognitive systems involved in representing knowledge about the world in the online construction of meaning.The research conducted by Dr. Kennedy and his colleagues will use experimental techniques to identify and compare the processing signatures of two varieties of context-dependent meaning. The first variety is based primarily in features of the linguistic system, and involves the use of linguistic expressions that are underspecified for content (such as pronouns). The second builds on more general knowledge of the world and the nature of communication, and involves reasoning about speakers' intentions in using particular expressions as opposed to others in a context to achieve a communicative goal. The main experimental method to be employed in the research is known as the Visual World Paradigm, in which experimental subjects' eye-movements are monitored as they follow spoken instructions to manipulate objects in a display. Eye-movements directed at objects in the display are precisely time-locked to information about those objects arriving in the speech signal, and so provide insight on the dynamic construction of meaning down to a granularity of milliseconds. This interdisciplinary research will deepen our understanding of how listeners use both contextual and linguistic clues to build up meanings, and provide resources for researchers in other fields developing tools and techniques for facilitating linguistic communication.
Please report errors in award information by writing to: email@example.com.


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Politicians are like diapers. They both need changing regularly and for the same reason.
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The mad hubris of us politicians: I know because it brought me down too, says JONATHAN AITKEN
Sadly, I have been where Chris Huhne will be standing in a few days' time — in the dock, waiting to receive an expected jail sentence for lies and follies on a career-wrecking scale.
Because it takes one to know one, I have some understanding of the self-questioning, the regrets and the fears that are likely to torment Chris Huhne on the most dramatic stage of his painful journey from Cabinet minister to prisoner.
When I sat in the dock of the Old Bailey on my sentencing day, I remember asking myself: How on earth did I come to embark on and stick to such a self-destructive course of stupidity?
Takes one to know one: Jonathan Aitken has been where Chris Huhne will be standing in a few days' time - in the dock, waiting to receive an expected jail sentence for lies and follies on a career-wrecking scale
Why didn't I stop the downward spiral of deceit when it was still possible to do so? Will I be able to survive the horrors and dangers that may lie ahead of me in prison? Will I ever be able to have a normal relationship with my family and friends when I come out of jail? Can I hope for any sort of bearable long-term future as a disgraced ex-prisoner?
The personal poignancy of such self-examination will produce little or no public sympathy for Chris Huhne any more than it did for me nearly 14 years ago. Yet the questions need to be answered.
For without facing up to these issues the chances of finding peace and rehabilitation for almost any ex-offender, let alone a high-profile politician, are extremely low.
Our prisons are full of risk takers whose gambles went wrong. Parliamentarians, too, sometimes place reckless bets in the casino of law breakers. Since 2000, five MPs and four Members of the House of Lords have served prison sentences for a range of offences related to expenses fraud and conspiracy to pervert the course of justice. Chris Huhne will bring the total to double figures.
The common cause of all these downfalls was pride. In our arrogance we thought we could get away with it. From fiddling expenses to telling lies, the delusions of public life somehow encouraged us to believe we could walk on water.
Huhne's serial denials are part of a historical pattern. From Profumo to myself, Jeffrey Archer, John Stonehouse, the French ex-IMF chief Dominique Strauss-Kahn, U.S. President Richard Nixon and many others, the reaction when cornered was to roll the dice of liar's poker one more time.
Huhne's serial denials are part of a historical pattern. From Profumo to Jeffrey Archer (pictured), John Stonehouse, the French ex-IMF chief Dominique Strauss-Kahn, U.S. President Richard Nixon and many others
Since 2000, five MPs and four Members of the House of Lords have served prison sentences for a range of offences related to expenses fraud and conspiracy to pervert the course of justice. Huhne will make it 10
For some it worked. Unprosecuted parliamentary expense fiddlers are at least ten times greater in number than those who went behind bars.
Do these trends merely reflect the declining morality of the nation? Or does the hothouse of Westminster breed an unusual species of law-breaking high roller?
Probably the latter. How surprising that none of us heeded that majestic utterance of the 16th-century Lord Justice Coke: 'Be ye ever so high, the law is above you.'
It is right that the courts come down hard on those in a position of public trust who break the law.
Almost always it is the mendacious cover-up rather than the original offence that spells disaster.
From Huhne's speeding points to my false claim that my ex-wife paid my Ritz Hotel bill, it is the brazenness of the denials that converts trivial mistakes into personal tragedies.
Position of public trust: From Huhne's speeding points to Aitken's (left) false claim that his ex-wife paid his Ritz Hotel bill, it is the brazenness of the denials that converts trivial mistakes into personal tragedies
When the jail sentence comes, it is best to face it with wintry realism, devoid of bitterness or self-pity.
We authors of our own self-destruction should not complain when the book is thrown at us.
Yet although almost everyone's life hits rock bottom on the day the judge sends you down, there are some silver linings to the cloud, even if it takes a while to see them. So from my own experiences I have some cautiously reassuring advice for Chris Huhne.
Fear of imprisonment is much worse than the reality of it. British jails may be uncomfortable places but they are humanely run. Prison officers deserve more credit than they get for managing a difficult public service that is on the whole fair, decent and safe.
Provided Chris Huhne is wise enough to avoid the airs and graces of a tall poppy, he will soon go with the flow of 'doing his bird'. If he keeps his head down and joins the fraternity of the fallen with quiet acceptance, attitudes on the wing will start to soften into friendliness. Even in a community of those who have done bad deeds, camaraderie, humour and the milk of human kindness can flow.
Released: Unused to having an excess of spare time, Aitken found that a cell was a great place to read widely and think deeply
One of the reasons why I had a surprisingly positive experience of prison was that I made myself useful to my fellow inmates. I was a 'Listener' (a Samaritan-type counsellor) for those close to suicidal despair. I spent two or three hours every day reading and writing letters, often on the most intimate subjects imaginable, for the 30 per cent of the jail population who are illiterate.
I became a dab hand with the Harpic and the wire brush in my job as the wing cleaner (a euphemism for toilet cleaner), although I did get slightly tired of the line: 'How does it feel to be a real Privy Councillor?' It was a reminder that there are no Right Honourable Gentlemen in prison uniform.
If a little catcalling is the worst a high-profile prisoner has to put up with, be thankful for small mercies.
I was soon grateful for larger ones. I made one or two enduring friendships. I kept fit in body and mind. I mentored younger inmates. Chapel life became a source of strength.
Unused to having an excess of spare time, I found that a cell is a great place to read widely and think deeply. I learned two new languages (New Testament Greek and prison rhyming slang) and was never bored, enjoying the company of several of my fellow cons. I commend all these routes of survival to Chris Huhne, and have written to him with more specific suggestions.
Given the background to his disaster I expect he will find that the heaviest of his burdens will be in the areas of bitterness, forgiveness, family relationships, personal regrets and the struggle to stay on an even keel in his own mind. I know this is not easy, for there is no quick fix to the turmoil of a wounded prisoner's soul.
Yet it is a good start that Chris Huhne pleaded guilty, for it suggests he has abandoned the façade of self-justification. The next step is to wash all traces of anger out of one's system, for that opens the door to life in a bitterness-free zone.
Forgiveness may be an even harder step. But just as 'hell hath no fury', so the continuing fury of an embittered prisoner knows no greater hell.
I shall always remember walking round
the exercise yard of HMP Belmarsh when a monk from the chaplaincy team
came alongside and asked me how I was feeling. On a bad day, I was in an
angry mood about someone who had played a minor role in my downfall. So
I launched into a diatribe which ended: 'I'll never forgive so and
Journey ahead: As a proud man, Chris Huhne will have to work hard to rebuild his bridges and to readjust to life at a humbler level in the decades that lie ahead of him
The monk gently reminded me that I was the sole cause of my misfortunes. But understanding the difficulty of immediately forgiving a specific individual, he repeated a piece of advice he had given to many injured parties in matrimonial disputes. 'You can't forgive anyone by your will alone,' said the monk, 'but if you pray to receive the gift of a forgiving heart you will one day receive it and then be able to use this gift to forgive and be forgiven.'
It was an unusual piece of spiritual wisdom but it worked for me. Perhaps it might eventually work to heal those raw relationships within the Huhne family.
Coming out of prison is harder than going inside it. In anyone's post-release journey there are mistakes to be avoided such as self-importance, resentment towards those who exposed the original wrongdoing, and carrying any kind of baggage from your days in the spotlight. This is fresh-start time, particularly with the friends you have let down and the family you have wounded.
As a proud man, Chris Huhne will have to work hard to rebuild his bridges and to readjust to life at a humbler level in the decades that lie ahead of him. But I can tell him that I have found in my own changed circumstances great happiness, fulfilment and peace.
On the worst day of his life, I wish Chris Huhne well for a similar journey through and after prison.
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