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Home > Press > Fluorotronicsí Carbon-Fluorine Spectroscopy Platform Hailed by Royal Society of Chemistry
Peer reviewed article announces major scientific discovery in nanotechnology; Carbon-Fluorine Spectroscopy can improve and accelerate pharmaceutical and biomedical analyses by detecting, labeling and imaging Carbon-Fluorine (C-F) bonds
Fluorotronics, Inc., developer of a patented Carbon-Fluorine Spectroscopy platform technology, known as Spectro-Fluor, for molecular detection, measurement and imaging in nanotechnology, pharmaceutical and life science markets, today announced the publication of a ground breaking article: "Development of Carbon-Fluorine Spectroscopy for pharmaceutical and biomedical applications," in the Royal Society of Chemistry's Faraday Discussions[1]. The article was authored by Dr. Bouzid Menaa, Dr. Farid Menaa and Ms. Olga Sharts, distinguished nanotechnology and chemistry experts. Ms. Sharts is also the CEO and founder of Fluorotronics, Inc.
The global organofluorine industry is comprised of diversified markets, including a $1.6 trillion nanotechnology market[2], which produce and use Carbon-Fluorine (C-F) compounds, molecules, products and materials. These C-F materials require extensive analyses during product research, development, and production. Common analytical methods have traditionally involved molecular labeling with radioactive isotopes or fluorescent dyes, which have limited utility, selectivity, sensitivity, stability and often require expensive safety and precautionary measures. In contrast, Fluorotronics' Spectro-Fluor optical technology uses a family of proprietary devices called PLIRFAô (Pulsed Laser Isochronic Raman and Fluorescence Apparatus) to measure and analyze compounds, molecules, products and materials that contain Carbon-Fluorine (C-F) bonds.
By discovering the characteristic optical signature of Carbon-Fluorine bonds in the fingerprint spectral area of compounds, molecules, products and materials, Fluorotronics' Spectro-Fluor technology delivers the following benefits:
ē Identifies and eliminates failed drug candidates at an early stage of drug development
ē Provides stable and robust assays, preventing false positive signals from assays
ē Enables the ability to study tissues and other biological matters repetitively without losing samples
ē Identifies several disease and pharmaceutical targets or bio-markers at the same time (multiplexing)
ē Achieves fast results by allowing researchers to obtain data in 0.1 seconds per analysis
"The publication of our research in the Royal Society of Chemistry journal confirms the major impact our Spectro-Fluor optical Carbon-Fluorine Spectroscopy will have on pharmaceutical and biomedical industries," said Olga Sharts, CEO and founder, Fluorotronics. "This article demonstrates that our innovative method and technology will become the Ďgold standard' for pharmaceutical research, development and applications."
About Fluorotronics, Inc.
A pioneer in fluoroanalytical nanotechnology, Fluorotronics, Inc. is the first company to introduce and license a patented Carbon-Fluorine Spectroscopy platform technology, known as Spectro-Fluor, for the molecular detection, measurement and imaging of compounds, materials or molecules that contain Carbon-Fluorine (C-F) bonds. This disruptive technology utilizes a family of pulsed laser-based PLIRFA devices to non-invasively detect C-F bonds and taggants across the entire fluoroorganic industry. Fluorotronics provides efficient, integrated and cost-effective solutions that address the product lifecycle in nanotechnology, pharmaceutical and life science markets. For more information about Fluorotronics, please visit www.fluorotronics.com.
About Royal Society of Chemistry
The RSC is the largest organization in Europe for advancing the chemical sciences. Supported by a network of over 46,000 members worldwide and an internationally acclaimed publishing business, its activities span education and training, conferences and science policy, and the promotion of the chemical sciences to the public. RSC was formed in 1980 from the merger of the Chemical Society, the Royal Institute of Chemistry, the Faraday Society and the Society for Analytical Chemistry with a new Royal Charter and the dual role of learned society and professional body.
[1] Development of Carbon-Fluorine Spectroscopy for Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Applications Farid Menaa, Bouzid Menaa, Olga Sharts
Faraday Discuss., 2011, 149, 269
DOI: 10.1039/c005252c
[2] "Nanotechnology Market Forecast to 2013." ResearchandMarkets, 2011 www.researchandmarkets.com/reports/888573/nanotechnology_market_forecast_to_2013.
For more information, please click here
Jessica Anderson
(415) 817-2596
Copyright © Fluorotronics, Inc.If you have a comment, please Contact us.
Issuers of news releases, not 7th Wave, Inc. or Nanotechnology Now, are solely responsible for the accuracy of the content.
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An Auckland landscaper-conman who defrauded 13 victims - three of them in their 70s - of nearly $30,000 has had six months knocked off his sentence on appeal.
Guy Campbell Silcock was jailed for three years in May for 14 counts of causing a loss and nine counts of obtaining money by deception.
He appealed his sentence in the High Court at Auckland today arguing that the sentencing judge had started his calculations from too high a point and had been too severe in the up-lift he awarded.
Justice Geoffrey Venning said Silcock offended for over four years by putting ads in local papers under a variety of names advertising his landscaping services.
When people called him, he would quickly show up at their house and say he had workers standing by as a big job had just fallen through.
He quoted a "very competitive price" and asked for half the money up-front as a deposit. Justice Venning said Silcock would sometimes take the victim to an ATM or get them to write him a cash cheque.
The promised work would then not eventuate.
For the other nine charges, Silcock would buy tools at hardware stores with cheques that would bounce and then immediately pawn the goods for cash.
Defence lawyer Maria Mortimer said her client had a gambling problem and his life went out of control after his mother died.
She submitted that Judge Wade had not applied enough of a discount to Silcock's sentence for his remorse.
A cheque for $26,000 was presented as reparation at Silcock's original sentencing and a further cheque for the $3,000 still owing was presented at the appeal.
Prosecutor Anna Longdill said throughout the hearing Silcock ran the defence that the victims got what they paid for.
She said he had "thumbed his nose at the court and thumbed his nose at the justice system" by continuing to offend even after being convicted.
Silcock was quoted as saying in his defence: "I've done nothing wrong. What do you want me to do - go to bed and cry?"
Justice Venning said some allowance should have been made for Silcock's personal circumstances at the time of the offending and for his guilty pleas.
He adjusted the sentence to two years, six months.
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Johansson Family History & Genealogy
Find Johansson recordsSearch for Johansson records
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Biographies & Family Trees
Johansson Bios
Find records of Johanssons by their first name:
- Aagot Johansson to Aller Johansson
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- Arel Johansson to Bernhard Johansson
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- Cora Johansson to Eine Johansson
- Eivor Johansson to Emil Johansson
- Emilia Johansson to Ferdinand Johansson
- Filip Johansson to Gertrud Johansson
- Gertrude Johansson to Hanson Johansson
- Harald Johansson to Hokan Johansson
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- Janne Johansson to Jon Johansson
- Jonah Johansson to Kate Johansson
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- Wilfred Johansson to Yngve Johansson
Most Common First Names
- Carl 4.1%
- Karl 2.1%
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- Ida T Johansson lived 104 years
- Ethel Johansson lived 102 years
- Nancy Johansson lived 101 years
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- Ruth C Johansson lived 100 years
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- Marie v Johansson lived 96 years
- Emma Johansson lived 96 years
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/// Facebook to Make TV-Size Video Ad Play: Up to $2.5 Mil per Day
July 30, 2013 | Variety
Facebook is gearing up a bid to siphon off ad dollars away from TV — aiming to mimic the reach of television to millions of eyeballs, but combined with the targeting of the Internet. It's not clear whether Facebook users will "like" TV-like ads shoved into their newsfeeds, but the social-media giant believes it can… Read more
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I thought about either being a soccer ball, or a green M&M :)
Trick or Treat :)....
I thought about either being a soccer ball, or a green M&M :)
Mom to Kyle (6) and Paige (2) and Alex 1/11/13
Im on bed rest but if I feel good im gonna go with the kids theyll be cats so I think IM gonna put on a pair of ears and call it a day lol
Halloween is my wedding anniversary, So I will actually get to spend it with my hubs. He wants to paint my belly like Meatwad from Aqua Teen if it's round enough. Otherwise he's been joking that I can be Violet Beauregard from Willy Wonka.
@MNtattmom violet from Willy wonka I think you'd win hands down in a costume contest, that would be a great costume :)
I'm going to be a trucker, with a mullet and Joe Dirt facial hair. I'm going to have on a pair of jeans, whit tank top that doesn't cover my bell completely, and a flannel shirt over it. My husband is going to be right there by my side as my trailer park princess. :) I'm excited!
Married - 5/16/06... Mckynze 8/16/09 ... Kayle 9/26/10 ... Baby #3 EDD 1/6/13
Me (19) DH (29) Est. 11-12-10, Married. 11-13-12
EP Angel 05-17-11, M/C Angel 01-09-12, Forever in our hearts.
Finally!!! Rosalita June Born 12-17-12
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1 Review
We loved this! I found that 1 cup of chicken broth was plenty. I drained off all but about 2 T. I also only added 1 T. of butter. It was very rich. A curiously addictive side dish. It makes what looks like a small amount, but a little goes a long way. I would put this quantity at 3 servings, though, probably not 4. Thanks for a great new side dish!


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Fear Factor – is a famous TV show in which participants try to overcome their fears for money. This game offers to take part in one of such tests, namely Helicopter Flag Snag. The task of this test is to take the flag which is tied to helicopter. Aggressive river piranhas, silent dogs with huge teeth, helicopters which stay in the air above the abyss and other unpleasant surprises will wait for you on this uneasy way.
I guess lots of people used to play a funny game SnowBall Fight on their Sumsung mobiles. Here you will need to fight against your opponents in a winter game snowballs. Your opponents will throw at you different things. You need to avoid those things and try to defeat your opponents with the help of snowballs. The game has many levels and other interesting things.
Help! We have been attacked by zombies!!! Kill them as fast as you can and remember that at least three of them must be of the same color. Now, when you know how to destroy them, you can save the world, go ahead!
You operate a green frog and need to prove to everybody on the lake that you jump the best! The operation and story of this game reminds a well known Doodle. This nice and bright arcade will come to taste of everyone!
Open a vet clinic and cure charming animals. Admit and give advice to the owners of the pets, diagnose and cure your patients. You will acquire new skills, buy new equipment and cure more and more exotic patients!
The ball likes to jump up the stairs, closer to the sun. Operate Tako ball and get to the flag which is located high in the sky. You also need to try to collect balloons on your way.
This is a funny and fascinating game. You need to destroy all the balloons before they fly away. This game contains hundreds of stages. Remember that you have limited amount of arrows and you need to destroy a certain amount of balloons of a certain color.
You play as a fruit ninja! Or maybe you are a vegetable ninja? It does not make any difference, the idea of the game is the same. Cut fruits and vegetables on the screen! Enjoy this game, it offers saturated graphics.
Classic game "King of the Hill" is completely updated in this new version for mobiles. Ten different characters take part in the Tournament, which includes two different game modes: Attack and Avoidance. You will have to throw cute animals which remain cute only before the competition, they become absolutely furious as soon as the game starts!
There is an online records table in the game.
She is beautiful, young, she can ride a horse and knows how to use a bow. She also is familiar with different fighting and magic methods. Beware Okinawa ninja and Shaolin monks – Kung Fu girl is coming!


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The reasonable person's position to the topic of man-made climate change
"The position I suggest should be based both on ignorance and on deference to the wisdom of Mother Nature, since it is older than us, hence wiser than us, and has proven much smarter than scientists. We do not understand enough about Mother Nature to mess with her – and I do not trust the models used to forecast climate change. Simply, we are facing nonlinearities and magnifications of errors coming from the so-called butterfly effects. Small changes in input, coming from measurement error, can lead to massively divergent projections – and that generously assumes that we have the right equations.
But the scepticism about models that I propose does not lead to the conclusions endorsed by anti-environmentalists and pro-market fundamentalists. Quite the contrary: we need to be hyper-conservationists ecologically, since we do not know what we are harming with now. That's the sound policy under conditions of ignorance and epistemic opacity. To those who say "We have no proof that we are harming nature," a sound response is "We have no proof that we ar not harming nature, either"; the burden of the proof is not on the ecological conservationist, but on someone disrupting an old system."
(Nassim Nicholas Taleb, The Black Swan)
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Below you can see samples of just some of web menu button designs you can develop with Free Menu Buttons.The left column contains button screenshots (click to enlarge), the right one contains live examples.
- Click "Add item" or "Delete selected item" buttons situated on the Web Button's Toolbar to add/delete buttons. You can also use "Move selected items" buttons and move your buttons inside the menu.
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Choose a page you want to insert your buttons into. Then set the cursor to the line you want theCreating Site Buttons For Freecode to be added to and click the "Insert Menu" button. The button's code will be inserted into the page. Then you can either save the page or close the dialog without saving.
Great web design software, simple and efficient. Thank you.
Nice program. Is there a way to make dropdown sub-menu items?
Please make a dontation button (paypay or any) for I make a donation to you and support your wonderfull job.
The JavaScript Source: Navigation: Radio Button Links Use form radio buttons as hyperlinks or mail links. Quick and easy way to add a unique navigation style to your site!
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This Saturday, you can pick up a Farm Passport and join a tour of some of the Shelby County's biggest agribusinesses.
The Shelby County Extension Office and Metzger's Country Store are sponsoring the county's first Good Neighbors Farm Tour, during which residents can tour eight farms and farm businesses from 9 a.m. to 3 p.m.
"It's a self-guided tour that's going to give people a good sample of what's being done in our county," said Corrine Belton, county extension agent for agriculture and natural resources. "This is the first time we've attempted something like this, and it's going to be a full day.
"Shelby County is an agricultural county, and this will give people a chance to really see what's going on."
Although the tour is free and self-guided, Belton said organizers recommend participants start at either Metzger's or the Shelby County Farmers' Market.
"Those are our two starting points," she said. "You can pick up a tour map with a description of the events at each stop and directions to each place. There is also a QR code that you can scan with your [smart] phone for directions. And that's also where you can get your Farm Passport."
The Farm Passports are stamped at each location, and when participants are finished for the day, they can drop the passport off at any stop on the tour.
"We'll have a drawing at the end for collection of Kentucky Proud and Shelby County items that we've put together," Belton said. "Then you'll be entered one time for every stamp you've collected throughout the day. If you make it to all eight stops, you'll be entered eight times."
Although making it to every stop could be tough.
"Oh, it's going to be a full day," Belton said with a laugh.
The farm stops are:
"It's a long day, but that's a great way to kind of settle in and wind down," Belton said. "Hopefully everyone will come out and get around to as many of the stops as they can. Even if you can only make one or two, I think they're all going to be worth it.
"With the buy local movement continuing to grow, this is a great way to get to know some of your area farmers and where you food comes from."
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21st Century Skills: Learning for Life in Our Times
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Publisher's Description
This important resource introduces a framework for 21st Century learning that maps out the skills needed to survive and thrive in a complex and connected world. 21st Century content includes the basic core subjects of reading, writing, and arithmetic-but also emphasizes global awareness, financial/economic literacy, and health issues. The skills fall into three categories: learning and innovations skills; digital literacy skills; and life and career skills. This book is filled with vignettes, international examples, and classroom samples that help illustrate the framework and provide an exciting view of twenty-first century teaching and learning.
- Explores the three main categories of 21st Century Skills: learning and innovations skills; digital literacy skills; and life and career skills
- Addresses timely issues such as the rapid advance of technology and increased economic competition
- Based on a framework developed by the Partnership for 21st Century Skills (P21)
The book contains a DVD with video clips of classroom teaching. For more information on the book visit www.21stcenturyskillsbook.com.
Author Bio
Bernie Trilling is the founder and CEO of 21st Century Learning Advisors and former global director for the Oracle Education Foundation. He was the Foundation's board member at the Partnership for 21st Century Skills.
Charles Fadel is a global education thought leader and expert, author, and inventor. He is a former board member at the Partnership for 21st Century Skills and Change the Equation.


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Originally Posted by megimoo
The electric chair truly is cruel and unusual punishment and a horrible way to die.The last time they used it in Texas they had just replaced the sponge that fits between the skull piece and the prisoners head but instead of using a real sponge soaked in salt water they used a plastic sponge !When they threw the switch the interface between the metal skull cap and the sponge arked over and burst into flames just about cooking the guys brains and carbonizing his hair .
It's a good thing they had a hood over his head because his eyes were just about out of their sockets when they removed the hood after it was all over !
Yeah, umm, I don't care.
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The New England Journal of Medicine study is not miraculous. It's actually science. Since the study has come out, certain politicians (the ethical ones) have to pull back.
Of course, the money...
Start watching this at 1:01:07. Crowder talks to a leftie feminist who explains exactly why the trans movement hurts children. Great interview across party lines.
Another disgruntled white privileged hater.
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St. Pachomius was born about 292 in the Upeer Thebaid in Egypt and was inducted into the Emperor's army as a twenty-year-old. The great kindness of Christians at Thebes toward the soldiers became ... continue reading
St. Solange d. 880, Born of a poor family of vineyard workers near Bourges, France, she became a shepherdess whose beauty attracted the lustful attention of a noble in Poitiers. He kidnapped her, but ... continue reading
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BBB Accredited Business since 07/30/2013
J & K Trucking & Construction
(903) 520-6317View Additional Phone Numbers11285 County Rd 41, Tyler, TX 75701 Send email to J & K Trucking & Constructionwww.jktruckingandconstruction.com
BBB Business Reviews may not be reproduced for sales or promotional purposes.
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BBB Accreditation
A BBB Accredited Business since 07/30/2013
BBB has determined that J & K Trucking & Construction meets BBB accreditation standards, which include a commitment to make a good faith effort to resolve any consumer complaints. BBB Accredited Businesses pay a fee for accreditation review/monitoring and for support of BBB services to the public.
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BBB rating is based on 13 factors. Get the details about the factors considered.
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Business ManagementPrincipal: Mr. Joe F. Denton (Owner)Ms. Kem L Denton (Owner)
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Excavating Contractors, Sand & Gravel, Driveway Installation, Paving & Repair, Topsoil, Road Building Contractors, Dirt Work, Land Clearing & Leveling


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Galati Yacht Sales
50 - 99
20 - 50 Million
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Welcome to the Bergen Catholic football Team Wall on MaxPreps for the fall (2016) season. The most current information will appear at the top of the wall dating back to prior seasons.
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Lincoln Council budget announcement
The City of Lincoln Council budget will be approved today.
The City of Lincoln Council budget will be approved today.
A final decision will be made today on plans to save nearly £1 million pounds from the City of Lincoln Council budget.
Reduced government funding means the council needs to find the savings with a further £3 million of cuts needed by 2017.
The budget for the City of Lincoln Council will be approved later today.
Toby Perkins, the MP for Chesterfield, has resigned as shadow armed forces minister saying the Labour Party "needs a change at the top".
A Jeff Lynne fan writes from Glastonbury for ITV Central.
30 Britons were killed by a gunman near the town of Sousse last year, including several from the Midlands.


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|Publication number
|Publication type
|Application number
|Publication date
|Sep 30, 1980
|Filing date
|Aug 15, 1978
|Priority date
|Aug 19, 1977
|Also published as
|Publication number
|Karl-Ernst Schuster, Hans J. Rosenkranz, Hans Rudolph, Karl Fuhr, Bruno Zorn, Harro Traubel
|Original Assignee
|Bayer Aktiengesellschaft
|Export Citation
|BiBTeX, EndNote, RefMan
|Patent Citations (5), Non-Patent Citations (1), Referenced by (24), Classifications (34)
|External Links: USPTO, USPTO Assignment, Espacenet
This invention relates to radiation-hardenable binders composed of reaction products of polyols containing thio groups and/or dithio groups, optionally sulphur-free polyols and hydroxyalkyl acrylates.
The reaction of isocyanate prepolymers with hydroxyalkyl acrylates is generally known and leads to the so-called urethane acrylates which, mixed with a wide variety of vinyl monomers, represent valuable raw materials for ultra-violet light and electron-beams-hardening lacquers. Such products are described, for example, in German Auslegeschrift No. 1,644,797, in British Pat. No. 743,514 and in U.S. Pat. No. 3,297,745.
A general characteristic of such urethane acrylates is that they are easy to produce and their characteristic form may be affected within wide limits by varying the components used. Experience shows, however, that urethane acrylates, like all lacquer raw materials which cross-link as a result of vinyl polymerisation, are greatly inhibited by atmospheric oxygen during their hardening process. For example, if a urethane acrylate provided with a photo-initiator is exposed to ultra-violet light by means of a photographic half-tone step wedge, then it is easy to determine that the velocity of cross-linking on the surface of the resin varies by a large magnitude depending on whether exposure is effected in the presence of atmospheric oxygen or in an inert gas atmosphere. It may generally be said that only those urethane acrylates containing a large accumulation of cross-linking points can be hardened in the presence of atmospheric oxygen within practical periods. However, the skilled man knows that films produced from such products are extremely hard and brittle, even in thin layers, so that they cannot be considered for lacquering flexible materials such as, for example, plastics films, paper or textiles.
However, if the density of cross-linking of such urethane acrylates is reduced so as to produce elastic films, then the point is very soon reached at which the reactivity of the system is insufficient to overcome the air-inhibition of the surface of the film during ultra-violet light hardening. These coatings are no longer free from tackiness even after a prolonged period of exposure. There have, of course, been many attempts to eliminate this decisive short-coming. Thus, urethane acrylates which are modified by unsaturated fatty acids are described, for example, in German Auslegeschrift No. 2,157,115, in German Auslegeschrift No. 2,158,529 and in German Offenlegungsschrift No. 2,601,408. As such raw materials, as is generally known, can undergo cross-linking reactions under the action of atmospheric oxygen, such a process should compensate the oxygen inhibition of acrylic ester polymerisation. However, it has been found in practice that the desired effect is never obtained at the necessary velocity. Such binders also initially exhibit a tacky surface directly after hardening.
Another means of obtaining urethane acrylates with lower inhibition by atmospheric oxygen involves incorporating synergistic substances such as, for example, tertiary amines into the resin. Such products also exhibit significantly increased reactivity with a lower density of cross-linking. Urethane acrylates of this type are described, for example, in German Offenlugungsschrift No. 2,140,306. However, it is not possible in this way to produce binders which are highly elastic and which have, for example, an elongation at break of more than 100%. Amine-modified urethane acrylates with a practical rate of curing have proved to be too hard and brittle for coating plastics materials.
It was therefore very surprising and unexpected that the incorporation of sulphur in the form of thio groups and/or dithio groups in urethane acrylates leads to binders which are not only more reactive but are also much more elastic than comparable sulphur-free binders, particularly after radiation hardening. It does not matter how the sulphur is incorporated in the resin, whether in the form of thio groups (--S--) or dithio groups (--S--S--), but it is only very effective with respect to the elasticity in these forms, i.e. in the formal oxidation levels of -1 or -2. If thioethers in pure form are added to these binders, the reactivity is increased but the elasticity is not affected.
The invention accordingly provides radiation-hardenable binders comprising reaction products of polyisocyanates with polyols and hydroxyalkyl acrylates, characterised in that organically-bound sulphur is incorporated into the binder in the form of thio groups and/or dithio groups in an amount of from 0.01 to 10% by weight, based on the binder, and preferably from 0.1 to 5% by weight.
Radiation-hardenable binders comprising the reaction product of the following are preferred:
(A) 1 gramme-equivalent of NCO of a polyisocyanate containing 2 to 3, in particular 2 isocyanate groups per molecule,
(B) 0 to 0.7 gramme-equivalents of OH of a polyol containing at least 2, in particular 2 to 6 OH-groups per molecule, free from organically-bound sulfur,
(C) 0.01 to 0.7 gramme-equivalents of OH of a hydroxyalkyl acrylate containing 2 to 6, in particular 2 to 4 carbon atoms in the alkyl group,
characterised in that the reaction product also has incorporated therein:
(D) 0.01 to 0.3 gramme equivalents of OH of a polyol containing a thio or dithio group or thio and dithio groups, with at least 2, in particular 2 to 4 OH groups per molecule,
the sum of the OH-gramme-equivalents B to D is 1 to 1.2 and the organically-bound sulphur content, originating from the thio and dithio groups, is from 0.01 to 10% by weight, in particular 0.1 to 5% by weight, based on the binder.
The application also relates to mixtures of sulphur-modified urethane acrylates with monofunctional and/or polyfunctional vinyl monomers as radiation-hardenable binders.
The term "polyisocyanates" is understood to mean di-functional and higher functional isocyanates, preferably di-functional and trifunctional, in particular difunctional isocyanates. Examples include: toluylene diisocyanate, diphenylmethane diisocyanate, isophorone diisocyanate, xylylene diisocyanate and hexamethylene diisocyanate.
The polyisocyanates may be reacted with difunctional and higher functional polyols or diamines and polyamines containing at least two primary amino groups to form isocyanate prepolymers, wherein the polyol component may also be a polyether polyol and/or polyester polyol (cf. British Pat. No. 743,514 and U.S. Pat. No. 2,969,386).
A "gramme-equivalent of NCO" is understood to mean the amount of a compound in grammes in which one isocyanate group is contained. Correspondingly, a "gramme-equivalent of OH" is the amount of a compound in grammes in which one hydroxyl group is contained.
Component B preferably consists of aliphatic, saturated, 2- to 6-hydric, in particular 2- to 4-hydric polyols with OH numbers of 50 to 1830, preferably 100 to 1060 [mg of KOH/g of substance], or the above-mentioned polyols whose aliphatic chains contain one or more identical or different groups of the phenylene, cyclohexylene, oxy (--O--), carboxylato ##STR1## ureylene ##STR2## and oxycarbonylamino ##STR3## series or mixtures of the polyols. The component B is free from organically-bound sulphur.
Hydroxyethylated aliphatic saturated diols and/or triols with OH numbers of from 100 to 1060 (mg of KOH per gramme of substance) are particularly preferred as component B.
Examples of component B include:
1. Aliphatic saturated 2- or 6-hydric alcohols, in particular 2- to 4-hydric alcohols such as, for example, ethylene glycol, propane diol-1,2, propane diol-1,3, neopentyl glycol, butane diol-1,4, hexanediol-1,6, decane diol-1,10, glycerine, trimethylol propane, pentaerythritol, dipentaerythritol, as well as the oxalkylation products of the 2- to 6-hydric alcohols with 1,2-alkylene oxides such as ethylene oxide or propylene oxide; cycloaliphatic diols such as cyclohexane diol-1,4 and 4,4'-dihydroxy-cyclohexyl-2,2- alkanes such as 4,4'-dihydroxycyclohexyl-2,2-propane and araliphatic dihydric alcohols, optionally containing 1 to 2 ether oxygen atoms such as bis(hydroxyethylated)bisphenol A and bis(hydroxy propylated)bisphenol A.
2. Saturated or unsaturated, preferably saturated polyesters containing at least two free hydroxyl groups formed from the alcohols listed under 1 and at least one polycarboxylic acid or its anhydrides, in particular dicarboxylic acids such as maleic acid, fumaric acid, mesaconic acid, citraconic acid, itaconic acid, succinic acid, glutaric acid, adipic acid, sebacic acid, phthalic acid, isophthalic acid, teraphthalic acid, trimellitic acid, hexahydophthalic acid, tetrahydrophthalic acid, endomethylene tetrahydrophthalic acid and methylhexahydrophthalic acids.
3. Mixtures of 1 and 2.
4. Polyols containing ureylene and/or oxycarbonyl amino (=urethane) groups, obtained from the polyols listed under 1 and 2 and the polyisocyanates mentioned in detail under (A) and in the application.
Suitable hydroxyalkyl acrylates (C) include, for example, 2-hydroxyethyl-, 2-hydroxypropyl-, 2-hydroxybutyl-3-hydroxypropyl-, 4-hydroxybutyl- and 6-hydroxyhexylacrylate. 2-Hydroxyethyl acrylate, 2-hydroxypropyl acrylate and 4-hydroxybutyl acrylate are preferred.
Component (D) preferably includes aliphatic saturated 2- to 4-hydric, in particular dihydric polyols with OH numbers of from 50 to 920 and with at least one thio group and/or at least one dithio group, preferably at least one thio group in the aliphatic chain, which may contain in addition one or more identical or different groups of the phenylene, cyclohexylene, oxy, carboxylato, ureylene and oxycarbonylamino series, or mixtures of the polyols.
Particularly preferred examples of component (D) are saturated aliphatic glycols containing one or more thio groups in the aliphatic chain, saturated aliphatic glycols containing one or more thio groups and one or more oxy groups and one or more carboxylato groups in the aliphatic chain, saturated aliphatic glycols containing one or more thio groups and one or more oxy groups (--O--) in the aliphatic chains, as well as glycols, obtained by reaction of 1 mol of a diglycidyl ether of a glycol or diphenol or of a diglycidyl ester of a dicarboxylic acid containing 2 mol of a mercaptan, all the particularly preferred glycols having OH numbers of about 200 to 920.
Examples of component (D) containing at least two aliphatic hydroxyl groups and at least one thio or dithio group and which have OH numbers of from 50 to 920 in each case, include, in particular:
1. Hydroxyalkylation products containing two aliphatic hydroxyl groups obtained from hydrogen sulphide or thiodiglycols and 1,2-alkylene oxides or 1,2-cycloalkylene oxides such as ethylene oxide, 1,2-propylene oxide, 1,2-butylene oxide, cyclohexylene oxide or mixtures thereof, and styrene oxide, in particular ethylene oxide.
When ethylene oxide, for example, is used, these hydroxyalkylation products correspond to the general formula:
H[OCH2 -CH2 ]x S[CH2 -CH2 O]y H
x or y denote integers greater than 0, resulting in OH numbers of from 50 to 920.
2. Condensation products from hydroxyalkylation products obtained according to (D1), for example thiodiglycol, alone or in admixture and optionally in the presence of sulphur-free dihydric and polyhydric alcohols. The condensation products should have OH numbers of from 50 to <920.
3. Hydroxyalkylation products of alkylene oxides as indicated under (D1) and dimercapto alkanes such as dimercaptoethane, dimercaptobutane or dimercaptodialkyl sulphides such as dimercaptodiethyl sulphide.
4. Dihydroxydialkyl sulphides containing more than 2 carbon atoms in the alkyl group such as 4,4'-dihydroxydibutyl sulphide and its hydroxyalkylation products with alkylene oxides, as indicated under (D1).
5. Hydroxyalkylation products of alkylene oxides as indicated under (D1) and trihydric and higher hydric mercapto alkanols (the functionality depends on the sum of HS- and HO-groups) such as thioglycerine and dithioglycerine.
6. Hydroxyalkylation products of alkylene oxides, as indicated under (D1), and thiodiglycolic acid, dithiodiglycolic acid; alkylene-bis(thioglycolic acids) such as methylene-bis (thioglycolic acid), ethylene-bis (thioglycolic acid), tetramethylene-bis (thioglycolic acids); or dialkyldisulphide-dicarboxylic acids such as diethyl disulphide-2,2'-dicarboxylic acid.
7. Hydroxyalkylation products of alkylene oxides, as indicated under (D1), and mercapto monocarboxylic acids such as thioglycolic acid, thiolactic acid, mercapto butyric acids or mercaptododecanic acid, wherein the carboxyl group and the mercapto group (--SH) are hydroxyalkylated.
8. Condensation products (polyesters from those specified under (D6), dicarboxylic acids containing thio groups and/or dithio groups and aliphatic saturated 2- to 6-hydric, preferably dihydric alcohols as described under (B1) and/or at least one of the diols and polyols containing thio groups or dithio groups specified under (D1) to (D5).
9. Addition products of difunctional and higher functional 1,2-epoxide compounds, for example diglycidyl ethers of bisphenol A or hexahydrophthalic acid diglycidyl esters and hydrogen sulphide according to the equation: ##STR4## or with mercapto alkanols according to the equation: ##STR5## or with dicarboxylic acids containing thio groups and/or dithio groups, as indicated under (D6), according to the equation: ##STR6## or with dimercaptoalkanes or dimercaptodialkyl sulphides.
The sulphur-containing polyols may be reacted in admixture with conventional polyols, polyether polyols or polyester polyols at temperatures of from 20� to 150� C. with polyisocyanates to form sulphur-containing polyisocyanate prepolymers.
These sulphur-containing isocyanate prepolymers may be reacted in a subsequent reaction with hydroxyalkyl acrylates at temperatures of from 20� to 90� C., and the reactions may be carried out equally well in the single pot process or in several stages.
The reaction between the polyisocyanates and the polyols may be catalysed in a manner known per se, for example using tin octoate, dibutyl tin dilaurate or tertiary amines. The urethane acrylate may also be protected from premature and undesirable polymerisation by the addition of suitable inhibitors and anti-oxidants, each in an amount of from 0.001 to 0.1% by weight, based on the total mixture. These polymerisation inhibitors are also advantageously used for obtaining high stability during storage in the dark.
Suitable auxiliaries of this type include, for example, phenols and phenol derivatives, preferably sterically hindered phenols containing alkyl substituents having 1 to 6 carbon atoms in both o-positions relative to the phenolic hydroxy group, amines, preferably secondary acrylamines and their derivatives, quinones, copper-I-salts of organic acids or addition compounds of copper (I) halides with phosphites.
The following are mentioned in particular: 4,4'-bis-(2,6-di-tert.-butyl-phenol), 1,3,5-trimethyl-2,4,6-tris-(3,5-di-tert.-butyl-4-hydroxy-benzyl)-benzene, 4,4'-butylidene-bis-(6-tert.-butyl-m-cresol), 3,5-di-tert.-butyl 4-hydroxybenzyl-phosphonic acid ethyl ester, N,N'-bis-(β-naphthyl)-p-phenylene-diamine N,N'-bis-(1-methylheptyl)-p-phenylene diamine, phenyl-β-naphthylamine, 4,4'-bis-(α,α-dimethylbenxyl)-diphenyl-amine, 1,3,5-tris-(3,5-di-tert.-butyl-4-hydroxyhydrocinnamoyl)-hexahydro-s-triazine, hydroquinone, p-benzoquinone, 2,5-di-tert.-butylquinone, toluhydroquinone, p-tert.-butyl-benzcatechol, 3-methylbenzcatechol, 4-ethylbenzcatechol, chloranil, naphthoquinone, copper naphthenate, copper octoate, Cu(I)Cl/triphenyl phosphite, Cu(I)Cl/trimethyl phosphite, Cu(I)Cl/trischloroethyl phosphite, Cu(I)Cl/tripropyl phosphite and p-nitrosodimethylaniline.
Other suitable stabilizers are described in "Methoden der organischen Chemie" (Houben-Weyl), 4th edition, Volume XIV/1, pages 433-452, 756, Georg Thieme Verlag, Stuttgart, 1961. An eminently suitable stabilizer is, for example, p-benzoquinone and/or hydroquinone momomethyl ether in a concentration of from 0.001 to 0.05% by weight, based on the total mixture.
The reaction products according to the invention may be used in part without the addition of copolymerisable monomers or solvents. However, since these are viscous products in many cases, it is advisable to mix them with copolymerisable monomers so as to obtain processible viscosities and/or to vary the properties of the hardening products.
Suitable monomers include:
(1) Esters of acrylic or methacrylic acid with aliphatic C1 -C8, cycloaliphatic C5 -C6, or araliphatic C7 -C8 monoalcohols, for example methyl acrylate, ethyl acrylate, n-propyl acrylate, n-butyl acrylate, methylhexyl acrylate, 2-ethylhexyl acrylate and the corresponding methacrylic acid esters; cyclopentyl acrylate, cyclohexyl acrylate or the corresponding methacrylic acid esters; benzyl acrylate, β-phenylethyl acrylate and corresponding methacrylic acid esters;
(2) Hydroxyalkyl esters of acrylic or methacrylic acid with 2 to 4 carbon atoms in the alcohol component, such as 2-hydroxyethyl acrylate, 2-hydroxypropyl acrylate, 2-hydroxypropyl acrylate, 2-hydroxybutyl acrylate, 4-hydroxybutyl acrylate or corresponding methacrylic acid esters;
(3) Diacrylates and polyacrylates as well as dimethacrylates and polymethacrylates of glycols with 2 to 6 carbon atoms and polyols with 3 to 4 hydroxyl groups and 3 to 6 carbon atoms, such as ethylene glycol diacrylate, propane diol-1, 3-diacrylate, butane diol-1,4-diacrylate, hexane diol-1,6-diacrylate, trimethylol-propane triacrylate, pentaerythritol triacrylate and tetraacrylate, as well as corresponding methacrylates, and also di(meth)acrylates of polyether glycols of glycol, propane diol-1,3 and butane diol-1,4;
(4) Aromatic vinyl and divinyl compounds such as styrene, methyl styrene and divinyl benzene;
(5) N-methylol acrylamide or N-methylol methacrylamide as well as corresponding N-methylol alkyl ethers with 1 to 4 carbon atoms in the alkyl ether group and corresponding N-methylol allyl ethers, in particular N-methoxymethyl (meth)-acrylamide, N-butoxymethyl (meth)acrylamide and N-allyloxymethyl (meth)-acrylamide;
(6) Vinyl alkyl ethers with 1 to 4 carbon atoms in the alkyl group, such as vinyl methyl ether, vinyl ethyl ether, vinyl propyl ether and vinyl butyl ether;
(7) Trimethylolpropane diallyl ether mono(meth)acrylate, vinyl pyridine, N-vinyl carbazole, triallyl phosphate, triallyl isocyanurate and others.
Mixtures of one or more the the preceding monomers may also be used. The amounts added are about 5 to 50% by weight, preferably 20 to 40% by weight, based on the mixture of reaction products according to the invention and additional monomers.
It is also possible to obtain a suitable viscosity by mixing with inert solvents such as butyl acetate, ethyl acetate, ethanol, isopropanol, butanol, acetone, ethyl methyl ketone, diethyl ketone, cyclohexane, cyclohexanone, cyclopentane, cyclopentanone, n-heptane, n-hexane, n-octane, iso-octane, toluene, xylene, methylene chloride, chloroform, 1,1-dichloroethane, 1,2-dichloroethane, 1,1,2-trichloroethane and carbon tetrachloride. From 5 to 50% by weight, preferably 20 to 40% by weight, of solvents, based on the mixture of the reaction product according to the invention and solvent, may be added in order to obtain such a processible viscosity.
Of course, it is also possible to use mixtures of additional monomers and solvents within the specified proportions.
Hardening of the reaction products according to the invention, optionally mixed with other copolymerisable monomers, may be affected by means of high-energy radiation, such as ultra-violet light, electron beams or gamma rays, or in the presence of substances releasing radicals such as thermal polymerisation initiators.
The reaction products according to the invention are preferably used as coating compositions which may be hardened by ultra-violet light, and when so used they have the particular advantage of curing in very short periods of time in the presence of atmospheric oxygen. The addition of photo-initiators in necessary for this application.
Suitable photo-initiators include the conventionally used compounds, for example benzophenone as well as quite generally aromatic keto compounds which are derived from benzophenone, such as alkyl benzophenones, halogen-methylated benzophenones, according to German Offenlegungsschrift No. 1,949,010, Michlers ketone, anthrone and halogenated benophenones. Benzoin and its derivatives are also suitable, for example in accordance with German Offenlegungsschriften Nos. 1,769,168; 1,769,853; 1,769,854; 1,807,297; 1,807,301; 1,916,678; 2,430,081 and German Auslegeschrift No. 1,694,149. Other effective photo-initators are anthraquinone and many of its derivatives, for example β-methylanthraquinone, tert.-butyl anthraquinone and anthraquinone carboxylic acid ester, and also oxime esters according to German Offenlegungsschrift No. 1,795,089.
If the reaction products according to the invention are hardened without the addition of other monomers, then the oxime esters from German Offenlegungsschrift No. 1,795,089 as well as benzophenone derivatives from German Offenlegungsschrift No. 1,949,010 are preferably used as photoinitiators.
The above-mentioned photo-initators, which may be used in quantities of between 0.1 and 20% by weight, preferably from 0.1 to 5% by weight, based on polymerisable components, depending upon the application, may be used as individual substances or, owing to frequent advantageous synergistic effects, also in combination with each other.
It may often be advantageous to use other additives, whether to improve the film-forming properties of the resin compositions or to obtain a particularly scratch-resistant surface to the coatings. Thus, mixing with other types of resin, for example with saturated or unsaturated polyesters, is quite possible.
The above-mentioned other types of resins are preferably used in quantities of from 1 to 50% by weight, based on the polymerisable components. Basically, however, only those resins which do not impair reactivity should be used concurrently and their quantity accordingly restricted. Suitable lacquer resins which are conventional in the lacquer industry are described in the tables of lacquer raw materials compiled by E. Karsten, 5th edition, Curt R. Vincentz Verlag, Hannover 1972, pages 74 to 106, 195 to 258, 267 to 293, 335 to 347 and 357 to 366.
Advantageous additives which may lead to a further increase in the reactivity include certain tertiary amines such as, for example, triethyl amine and triethanol amine.
The substances mentioned are preferably used in quantities of from 0 to 5% by weight, based on the polymerisable components.
A typical resin according to the invention is produced, for example, by the reaction of a diisocyanate (for example toluylene diisocyanate) with thiodiglycol, hydroxyethyl acrylate and, for example, a trifunctional polyether based on ethoxylated trimethylol propane at 60� C., by passing air over the reaction mixture in the presence of 0.01 parts by weight of tin octoate as catalyst and 0.01% by weight of p-benzoquinone as stabilizer. Upon completion of the reaction, the NCO content of the resin should be <0.1% by weight and the sulphur content determined by elementary analysis may lie between 0.7 and 1% by weight. Such a resin may be mixed with monofunctional, difunctional and/or trifunctional acrylic acid esters and, when provided with a photo-initiator, gives an ultri-violet-hardenable coating for leather, synthetic leather or plastics which, after photopolymerisation, meets the demands with regard to buckling fastness snd resistance to abrasion.
Artificial radiation sources whose emission lies in the range of from 2500 to 5000 A, preferably from 3000 to 4000 A, may be used as sources of radiation for carrying out photopolymerisation. Mercury-vapour lamps, xenon lamps and tungsten lamps, in particular high pressure mercury radiation sources, are advantageous.
Layers of the reaction products according to the invention between 1 μm and 0.1 mm thick (1 μm=10-3 mm) may generally be cured to form a film in less than one second if they are irradiated at a distance of about 8 cm by the light of a high pressure mercury lamp, for example of the HTQ-7 type made by the Philips Company.
If fillers are used in the ultra-violet light hardenable coatings together with the resin compositions according to the invention, then their use is restricted to those which do not suppress the polymerisation process by their absorption behaviour. Talcum, heavy spar, chalk, plaster of Paris, silicas, asbestos dust and gypsum, for example, may be used as translucent fillers.
If hardening is effected by thermal initiators or by high-energy radiation, for example electron radiation or gamma radiation, then as a general principle any fillers, pigments and reinforcing materials of the types usually used in lacquer chemistry may be used.
The coating medium may be applied to suitable substrates by means of methods which are conventional in the lacquer industry, such as spraying, rolling doctoring, printing, immersing, flooding, brushing or painting.
Suitable substrates include paper, cardboard, leather, wood, plastics, textiles, ceramie materials and metals, preferably plastics and leather. Since the coating media cure to form films having excellent mechanical properties in periods of from fractions of a second to a few seconds, it is possible, for example, to adapt a coating process to the processing speeds conventional in the printing industry.
The binders according to the invention are also eminently suitable for the production of photo-relief printing plates and photo-resist materials.
The Phillips HTQ-7 radiator used in a high pressure mercury lamp made by the Phillips Company.
Some typical embodiments are shown in the following Examples to clarify the invention. The parts and percentages indicated in the Examples are by weight unless otherwise stated.
An acrylate according to the invention containing urethane groups is produced by the reaction of 111 g of isophorone diisocyanate (0.5 mol) with 46.4 g of hydroxyethyl acrylate (0.4 mol), 6.1 g of thiodiglycol (0.05 mol) and 134 g of a hydroxyethylated trimethylol propane having an OH number of 250(molecular weight 675).
After adding the total amount of isocyanate, the thiodiglycol is added drop-wise within two hours with cooling and stirring at 40� to 50� C., the reaction temperature not being allowed to exceed 60� C. After the addition of 0.1 g of tin octoate and 0.15 g of benzoquinone at 50� to 60� C., the hydroxyethyl acrylate is subsequently introduced drop-wise with cooling and with passage of air in such a way that the temperature does not exceed 65� C. After reaching an NC0- content of about 14% (about 4 hours), the hydroxyethylated trimethylol propane is added in portions.
The mixture is stirred at 60� C. with the passage of dry air until the NCO-content amounts to 0.1% by weight. A colourless and odourless medium viscosity resin is formed.
The method adopted in Example 1 is carried out but with the modification that 5.3 g of diethylene glycol are used instead of 6.1 g of thiodiglycol. A colourless and odourless resin free from chemically combined sulphur and having an NCO content of <0.1% by weight if formed.
The method adopted in Example 1 is carried out with the modification that 6.5 g of N-methyl diethanolamine are used instead of 6.1 g of thiodiglycol. This resin, which is free from chemically combined sulphur, cannot be distinguished externally from the resins according to Example 1 and Comparison 1.
50 parts of the resins according to Example 1 and the Comparisons 1 and 2 are reacted with 10 parts of ethyl acetate and with 1.5 parts of α-cyanoethyl-benzoine ethyl ether (photo-initiator) and spread onto a glass plate in a 200 μm thick film by means of a doctor blade. After exposure to the air, the films are cured to tack-free coatings on a conveyor belt having an adjustable belt speed beneath a Philips HTQ-7 radiator. The films cured in this way were then carefully peeled from the glass plate and their elongation at break was examined according to DIN 53 455. The results are shown in Table 1.
TABLE 1______________________________________ Reactivity (belt Elongation at speed m/min.) break______________________________________Resin according to Example 1 25 125Resin according to Comparison 1 10 80Resin according to Comparison 2 25 80______________________________________
The Table shows that the resin according to the invention in Example 1 is clearly more reactive than an unmodified urethane acrylate and is substantially more elastic than a non-sulphur-modified or a nitrogen-modified urethane acrylate.
A urethane acrylate prepolymer is produced according to Example 1 but with the modification that 22.4 g of a polyester produced from triethylene glycol and methylene bis-thioglycolic acid (OH number: 250) are used instead of 6.1 g of thiodiglycol.
A resin is produced as in Example 1 but with the modification that 20 g of a polyester produced from adipic acid and triethylene glycol (OH number: 280) are used instead of 6.1 g of thiodiglycol.
The same application is made as in Example 1. The results are shown in Table 2.
TABLE 2______________________________________ Reactivity (belt speed Elongation at m/Min.) break %______________________________________Resin according to Example 2 30 90Resin according to Comparison 3 10 40______________________________________
As shown, the incorporation of organically combined sulphur acts positively on the reactivity and elasticity.
35 g of a bis-epoxide based on hexahydrophthalic acid bis-glycidyl ester (epoxy equivalent weight: 175) are reacted with 40 g of lauryl mercaptan at 100� C.
The reaction is completed after 24 hours and no more free SH can be detected. The reaction product is subsequently reacted with 34.8 g of toluylene diisocyanate and then with 23 g of hydroxyethyl acrylate. A resin having an NCO content of <0.1% by weight is formed.
35 g of a bis-epoxide based on hexahydrophthalic acid bis-glycidyl ester (epoxy equivalent weight: 175) are reacted with 40 g of undecane carboxylic acid at 90� C. until an acid number of 0 is reached. The reaction product is subsequently reacted with 34.8 g of toluylene diisocyanate and then with 23.0 g of hydroxyethyl acrylate at a temperature of 60� C. A resin having an NCO content of 0.1% by weight is formed. In Comparison 4, an aliphatic saturated C12 carboxylic acid was used instead of the C12 mercaptan in Example 3 because the corresponding C12 alcohol (lauryl alcohol) did not react completely.
The same application is made as in Examples 1 and 2. The results are shown in Table 3.
Table 3______________________________________ Reactivity (belt speed Elongation at m/min.) break %______________________________________Resin according to Example 3 5 130Resin according to Comparison 4 -x) -x)______________________________________ x) The film was still very tacky despite an extremely long period of exposure.
In this application, the advantage of sulphur modification is clearly shown.
417 g of toluylene diisocyanate are reacted with 36 g of thiodiglycol, 220 g of hydroxyethyl acrylate and 670 g of an ethoxylated trimethylol propane (OH number 250) in the presence of 0.15 g of tin octoate for 8 hours at 60� C. until the NCO value is <0.1%. 500 g of this resin are mixed with 175 g of a triacrylate of ethoxylated trimethylol propane having an OH number of 550, 270 g of hydroxyethyl acrylate, 50 g of benzophenone and 45 g of triethanol amine, as well as with 20 g of a commercial alkyd resin composed of benzoic acid, 2-ethyl caproic acid, phthalic acid, a saturated branched synthetic C18 -carboxylic acid, trimethylol propane and glycerine. A colourless binder having a viscosity of 10 Poise at a temperature of 20� C. is produced.
A roughened cotton fabric was coated in the conventional manner with a black-dyed solution of a commercial aromatic polyester polyurethane by the reversal process using separating paper. After drying and removing the synthetic leather, it was printed with the binder according to Example 5 on a printing machine by means of a 48 mesh cylinder. Curing was carried out under a Hannovia radiation source (80 watt/cm) at a belt speed of 20 m/Min. A solvent-resistant scratch-proof and abrasion-proof surface having a lacquer-like lustre was obtained. A similar result is obtained if the mixture is applied by means of a 20μgrooved doctor and the process described above is carried out.
A conventional red-dyed impregnation composed of a soft polyacrylate binder (about 25 Shore A), albumin and a medium-hard butadiene-acrylonitrile binder (about 40 Shore A) was sprayed on to a lightly ground chromed cow-hide leather which has been retanned in the conventional manner with 6% by weight of synthetic and vegetable tanning materials. The impregnated leather was dried, ironed, stamped and the ultra-violet light hardenable mixture specified in Example 5 and diluted 1:1 with ethyl acetate is then uniformly sprayed on. After curing (polymerisation), by means of a Hannovia radiation source, a shiny abrasion-proof and solvent-proof finish was obtained.
A polythioether having an OH number of 350 is produced by self-condensation of thiodiglycol according to German Pat. Specification No. 1,039,232.
As described in Example 1, 111 g (0.5 mol) of isophorone diisocyanate are reacted with 46.4 g (0.4 mol) of hydroxyethylacrylate, 16 g of the polythioether produced according to German Pat. No. 1,039,232 and having an OH number of 350, as well as 84 g of a hydroxyethylated trimethylol propane having an OH number of 400 (molecular weight 420). A colourless low-viscosity resin is produced.
100 g of the resin produced in Example 6 are mixed with 3 g of benzophenone and 2.5 g of triethanol amine. A 500μ thick film was cast on a specially pretreated polyester film. After covering the wet film with a very thin plastic sheet, the film was exposed for 90 seconds to a fluorescent tube of the TL-Ak type (Philips Company) by means of a half-tone negative. Upon completion of exposure, the unexposed points were rinsed with ethyl acetate and the relief formed was post-exposed for 10 seconds under a HTQ-7 high pressure radiation source. A relief with a sharp picture was formed.
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|Oct 31, 1996
|Apr 28, 1998
|Borden Chemical, Inc.
|Coated optical fibers having a reduced content of extractable and volatile material
|Aug 9, 2011
|Bayer Materialscience Ag
|Disc-shaped high-density recording mediums
|Jan 15, 2009
|Jan 24, 2012
|Bayer Materialscience Ag
|Silica-containing UV-crosslinkable hardcoat coatings comprising urethane acrylates
|Nov 7, 2008
|Apr 30, 2013
|Cytec Surface Specialties S.A.
|Radiation curable compositions
|Feb 12, 2013
|Jul 22, 2014
|Fuji Xerox Co., Ltd.
|Resin material
|Oct 17, 2008
|Apr 23, 2009
|Bayer Materialscience Ag
|Disc-shaped high-density recording mediums
|Nov 7, 2008
|Feb 3, 2011
|Cytec Surface Specialties, S.A.
|Radiation Curable Compositions
|Feb 12, 2013
|Feb 20, 2014
|Fuji Xerox Co., Ltd.
|Resin material
|Jul 13, 2012
|May 15, 2014
|Dic Imaging Products Usa Llc
|Method and composition for restoring damaged optical substrates utilizing high refractive index ultraviolet curable coating
|Oct 23, 1997
|Feb 10, 1999
|Borden Chemical, Inc.
|Coated optical fibers having a reduced content of extractable and volatile material
|Feb 9, 1981
|Sep 17, 1981
|Goodrich Co B F
|Hydroxyl-containing liquid polymers and adhesives made therefrom
|Nov 7, 2008
|May 28, 2009
|Cytec Surface Specialties, S.A.
|Radiation curable compositions
|U.S. Classification
|528/75, 522/97, 528/83, 430/285.1, 430/322, 528/76, 428/473
|International Classification
|Cooperative Classification
|European Classification