text:
|Publication number
|Publication type
|Application number
|Publication date
|Oct 28, 2003
|Filing date
|Nov 26, 2001
|Priority date
|Nov 26, 2001
|Fee status
|Also published as
|Publication number
|Michael Powell
|Original Assignee
|Delphi Technologies, Inc.
|Export Citation
|BiBTeX, EndNote, RefMan
|Patent Citations (9), Referenced by (9), Classifications (15), Legal Events (6)
|External Links: USPTO, USPTO Assignment, Espacenet
The present invention relates generally to drilling. More particularly, the invention relates to an apparatus and method for drilling a hole (e.g., during machining drill operations).
Long "chips" formed during a hole-making operation (e.g., drilling, reaming, boring, etc.) may cause numerous problems in a machining operation. The chips may tangle around a drill tooling thereby requiring cleaning downtime after each operation. Failure to adequately remove long chips may shorten the tool life and may result in degraded holes that do not meet specification. Therefore, it would be desirable for a drilling method and apparatus to provide long chip removal or elimination.
In an effort to deal with long chip formation, a 'pecking' cycle strategy has been developed. The pecking cycle may involve repeatedly and completely retracting the drill tooling from a partially formed hole. For example, U.S. Pat. No. 5,833,404 issued Nov. 10, 1998 to Johnson et al. is an example of a portable peck feed drilling system. In the Johnson patent, operation of the drilling system includes advancing a rotating drill bit into a workpiece followed by full retraction to "home" position. The process may be repeated to drill to a desired depth. The pecking cycle demonstrated by the Johnson and other patents may overcome several problems associated with long chip formation.
A shortcoming associated with pecking cycle drilling operations relates to overall operation time. The need for full and repeated removal of the drill tooling from a forming hole increases the overall operation time with each pecking cycle. In addition, some pecking cycles may adversely affect the surface finish of the hole. For example, tool markings may be made within the hole when the drill tooling is fed back at a rapid feed-rate after each cycle. This may result in a degraded hole that does not meet specification. To avoid making tool markings, the drill tooling may be fed back into the forming hole at a slower rate thereby further increasing the pecking cycle time. As such, it would be desirable for a drilling method and apparatus to provide short overall operation time while maintaining hole specification.
Therefore, it would be desirable to provide a method and apparatus for drilling a hole that overcomes the aforementioned and other disadvantages.
One aspect of the present invention provides a drilling apparatus including means for rotating a drill bit, and means for advancing the rotating drill bit into a workpiece to a first depth. The drilling apparatus further includes means for dwelling the drill bit within the workpiece at the first depth for a dwell time, and means for further advancing the rotating bit to a second depth after the dwell time has expired. The apparatus may include means for flowing a fluid adjacent the rotating drill bit. The apparatus may further include means for determining at least one drilling parameter, and means for controlling at least one of the first depth, the dwell time, and the second depth based on the drilling parameter.
Another aspect of the invention provides a method for drilling a hole in a workpiece. The drilling method includes rotating a drill bit, and advancing the rotating drill bit into the workpiece to a first depth. The method further includes dwelling the drill bit within the workpiece at the first depth for a dwell time, and further advancing the rotating bit to a second depth after the dwell time has expired. The dwell time may be estimated from a dwell equation. A fluid may be flowed adjacent the rotating drill bit. At least one drilling parameter may be determined, and at least one of the first depth, the dwell time, and the second depth may be controlled based on the drilling parameter. The drilling parameters may be determined based on a control sequence and/or a database including at least one drilling factor. The drilling factor may include a workpiece material characteristic, a desired hole geometry, a drill bit characteristic, and a fluid flow characteristic.
The foregoing and other features and advantages of the invention will become further apparent from the following detailed description of the presently preferred embodiments, read in conjunction with the accompanying drawings. The detailed description and drawings are merely illustrative of the invention, rather than limiting the scope of the invention being defined by the appended claims and equivalents thereof.
FIG. 1 is a diagram of a drilling apparatus made in accordance with the present invention; and
FIG. 2 is a flow diagram of a method for drilling a hole in a workpiece made in accordance with the present invention.
Referring to the drawings, FIG. 1 is a diagram of a drilling apparatus made in accordance with the present invention and shown generally by numeral 10. In the following description, "drilling" refers to a process whereby material is removed from a workpiece 11 to form a hole 12. The process includes hole-making operations such as drilling, reaming, boring, and the like.
The drilling apparatus 10 may include a drill bit 20 operably attached to a rod 25. The drill bit 20 and rod 25 may be moved during a controlled drilling process by an actuator 30. The actuator 30 may provide vertical 31 (e.g., advance and withdrawal) and rotational 32 movements during the controlled drilling process. The actuator 30 may include a logic chip 35 for determining drilling parameters specifying timing, speed, directionality, and variations therein of the vertical 31 and rotational 32 movements. The logic chip 35 may be any number of devices capable of processing information, such as a computer microprocessor, and may include memory for storing information, such as a database. The actuator 30 may further include a keypad 36 and display 37 for programming and viewing information used by the logic chip 35, respectively. The drilling parameters, and corresponding vertical 31 and rotational 32 movements, may be actuated by one or more motors 40 controlled by the logic chip 35. The motors 40 may be of any variety of electric motors, hydraulic units, and the like, recognized in the art for providing rotational and vertical movements.
The workpiece 11 may be formed from any number of material(s) capable of receiving the hole 12. For example, the workpiece 11 may be formed from a material including, but not limited to, composites, concrete, glass, masonry, metal, metal alloy, plastic, polymer, stone, wood, or combinations thereof. The drill bit 20 may be any number of tools designed for drilling a hole into material. For example, the drill bit 20 may be a twist drill, gun drill, trepanning drill, reamer, boring tool, counter bore, counter sink, step drill, or the like. Those skilled in the art will recognize that workpiece 11 constitution and type of drill bit 20 may be varied while still providing any number of advantages associated with the present invention.
The drilling apparatus 10 may be used to precisely drill the hole 12 in the workpiece 11 in a relatively short time. Removal of debris including long chips produced during drilling may be enhanced by flowing a fluid 22 adjacent the rotating drill bit 20. In one embodiment, the fluid 22 may be a stream of gas or liquid (e.g., air, water, oil, etc.) flowing into the hole 12 through channels 21 formed within the drill bit 20. In another embodiment, the fluid 22 may be a stream of gas or liquid flowing into the hole 12 from a hose placed adjacent to the hole 12 exterior. Those skilled in the art will recognize that numerous strategies may be used for removing debris during drilling operations.
Referring now to the drawings collectively, FIG. 2 is a flow diagram of a method for drilling a hole in a workpiece made in accordance with the present invention. The drilling method may be implemented on the drilling apparatus 10 of FIG. 1. Accordingly, the following description of the drilling method will be made with reference to the drilling apparatus 10. The drilling method may include determining one or more drilling parameters (Step 50). Drilling parameter determination may provide either a generalized or a specific strategy for forming a hole in the workpiece 11. In one embodiment, the drilling parameters may be determined as a function of the logic chip 35. Those skilled in the art will recognize that a number of devices or entities may be used for determining the drilling parameters.
Drilling parameter determination may be based on a control sequence. In one embodiment, the control sequence may specify drilling parameters for performing a drilling procedure without requiring drilling factor consideration. For example, the control sequence may include generalized drilling parameters used generically for a variety of drill bit 20 and workpiece 11 combinations.
The drilling parameters may also be determined based on a database including one or more drilling factors. In one embodiment, the database may include information used to govern drilling parameters for specific drill bit 20 and workpiece 11 combinations. For example, the database may include information for specifying drilling parameters when a certain drill bit 20 is used with a certain workpiece 11 material or class of materials. The specifications may change when a different drill bit 20 is used. Determining the drilling parameters based on a variety of factors may optimize the drilling procedure by shortening overall operation time, prolonging drill bit life, and maintaining hole specification.
The database of drilling factors may include such information as workpiece material characteristics, desired hole geometry, drill bit characteristics, and fluid flow characteristics. The workpiece material characteristics may include factors such as size, shape, geometry, density, rigidity, and other information pertaining to the constitution of the workpiece and its constituent material(s). The desired hole geometry may include factors such as width, depth, shape, and other information pertaining to the geometry of the desired hole. The drill bit characteristics may include factors such as a drill point geometry, drill flute geometry, drill flute number, preferable advancement rate, preferable rotation rate, preferable material, constitution, durability, and other information pertaining to the nature of the drill bit. The fluid flow characteristics may include factors such as flow rate, fluid constitution, density, viscosity, boiling point, and other factors pertaining to the fluid used for the removal of debris produced during drilling. Those skilled in the art will recognize that various other drilling factors may be considered when determining drilling operation parameters.
The control sequence and database information may be pre-programmed into the memory portion of the logic chip 35. Additionally, the control sequence and database information may be programmed and/or modified through the keypad 36, and viewed on the display 37. The logic chip 35 may then access the control sequence and database information to calculate the drilling parameters. The drilling parameters may contain the information required to perform each aspect of the drilling procedure. For example, the logic chip 35 may interpret the drilling parameters to control the motors 40 and, thus, the vertical 31 and rotational 32 drilling movements.
Drilling may begin by rotating the drill bit 20 (Step 51). At this point, the drill bit 20 is typically positioned adjacent the workpiece 11. The rotation speed of the drill bit 20 may be specified as a drilling parameter. After reaching a desired rotation rate, the drill bit 20 may be advanced into the workpiece 11 to an initial depth (Step 52). The advancement rate, rotation rate, and initial depth may be specified as a drilling parameter and may be influenced by numerous drilling factors. As such, these factors may be programmed into the database for determining suitable advancement rate, rotation rate, and initial depth. In one embodiment, the drill bit 20 may be rotated and advanced at a rate and depth that limits hole degradation, drill bit 20 wear, and excessive long chip formation.
After reaching the initial depth, drill bit 20 vertical movement (e.g., advance and withdrawal) is stopped (Step 53). Long chips produced during the advancement phase may begin to twist around the drill bit 20 presenting potential problems. To prevent these problems, advancement may be stopped while still maintaining rotation. As the drill bit 20 continues to rotate, long chips are cut apart as the "stream" of material provided by advancement is interrupted. The stopped advancement with concurrent rotation, or "dwelling", may occur for a predetermined dwell time. The dwell time and rotation speed during the dwell may be specified as a drilling parameter and may be influenced by numerous drilling factors. As such, these factors may be programmed into the database for determining suitable dwell time and rotation speed during the dwell. In one embodiment, the logic chip 35 may calculate the dwell time from an equation:
In the equation, the dwell time (e.g., seconds) equals the reciprocal of the drill bit rotation rate (e.g., rotations per minute) multiplied by 60 and a hardness factor, H. The factor, H, may be based on the "hardness" of the workpiece material. For example, the hardness factor may range from about 1.1 for harder materials to 1.2 for softer materials. The hardness factor compensates for "spring-back" that is associated with softer materials. Long chips produced from softer material may expand, or "spring-back", thereby preventing long chip breakage. The hardness factor for a variety of materials may be stored in the database as a workpiece material characteristic. In the example, dwell time may occur for a period of time requiring only 1.1-1.2 drill bit revolutions. At a rotation rate of 10,000 rpm, the dwell time is about 7 milliseconds. Therefore, problems associated with long chips formation may be resolved in a fraction of the time needed to withdraw the drill bit 20 during a pecking cycle.
After the dwell time has expired, the drill bit 20 may be further advanced to an additional depth (Step 54). As with advancement to the initial depth, the advancement rate, rotation rate, and additional depth may be specified as a drilling parameter and may be influenced by numerous drilling factors. Drilling continues until the additional depth is reached. At this point, the logic chip 35 may determine if a final depth has been reached (Step 55). The final depth may be specified as a drilling parameter. If the final depth has been reached, the drill bit 20 may be withdrawn from the hole 12 thereby ending the drilling process (Step 56). If the final depth has not been reached, additional drilling parameters may be determined (Step 57) followed by repeated dwell and advancement phases. This process may repeat until the final depth is reached and the drill bit 20 withdrawn.
While the embodiments of the invention disclosed herein are presently considered to be preferred, various changes and modifications can be made without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention. For example, the described apparatus and method of drilling a hole are not limited to any particular design or sequence. Specifically, the actuator and drill bit configuration, constitution of the workpiece, drilling phase order, and drilling parameters and associated determinations may vary without limiting the utility of the invention. Upon reading the specification and reviewing the drawings hereof, it will become immediately obvious to those skilled in the art that myriad other embodiments of the present invention are possible, and that such embodiments are contemplated and fall within the scope of the presently claimed invention. The scope of the invention is indicated in the appended claims, and all changes that come within the meaning and range of equivalents are intended to be embraced therein.
|Cited Patent
|Filing date
|Publication date
|Dec 6, 1967
|Jan 6, 1970
|Zephyr Mfg Co
|Positive depth control drill
|Oct 20, 1971
|Oct 23, 1973
|Zephyr Mfg Co
|Positive feed drill
|Sep 30, 1983
|Oct 15, 1985
|The Cross Company
|Mechanical quill having selective braking capability
|Sep 26, 1985
|Apr 7, 1987
|Unique Industries, Incorporated
|Self-cleaning high speed boring tool
|Aug 9, 1985
|Aug 25, 1987
|Dresser Industries, Inc.
|Power drill and automatic control system therefore
|Oct 30, 1987
|Sep 19, 1989
|Cooper Industries, Inc.
|Air logic circuit for airfeed peck drill
|Sep 15, 1994
|Aug 13, 1996
|Autodie International
|Deep bore drilling apparatus with rotatable single tube system
|May 24, 1996
|Nov 10, 1998
|Cooper Industries, Inc.
|Portable peck feed drilling system
|Mar 7, 2000
|Apr 16, 2002
|The Boeing Company
|Apparatus having a controllable dwell and associated method
|Citing Patent
|Filing date
|Publication date
|Aug 30, 2011
|P. V. Tools, Inc.
|System and method for breaking chips formed by a drilling operation
|Mar 29, 2011
|Nov 18, 2014
|U.S. Industrial Tool & Supply Company
|Method and system for drill with interrupted feed
|Aug 5, 2011
|Nov 25, 2014
|General Electric Company
|Resistance weld repairing of casing flange holes
|Oct 26, 2007
|Apr 30, 2009
|P.V. Tools, Inc.
|System and method for breaking chips formed by a drilling operation
|Sep 23, 2008
|Mar 25, 2010
|Kirk Kempen
|Method of drilling a workpiece
|Mar 19, 2008
|Jun 3, 2010
|G.R.G. Patents Ltd.
|Cutter apparatus and method
|Mar 29, 2011
|Oct 4, 2012
|U.S. Industrial Tool & Supply Company
|Method and system for drill with interrupted feed
|Feb 7, 2013
|Timothy Joseph Trapp
|Resistance weld repairing of casing flange holes
|Feb 19, 2013
|Oct 3, 2013
|Hitachi, Ltd.
|Method for Manufacturing Multi-Finger Pinned Root for Turbine Blade Attached to Turbine Rotor and Turbine Blade
|U.S. Classification
|International Classification
|Cooperative Classification
|European Classification
|Nov 24, 2001
Owner name: DELPHI TECHNOLOGIES INC., MICHIGAN
Free format text: ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST;ASSIGNOR:POWELL, MICHAEL;REEL/FRAME:012329/0239
Effective date: 20011121
|Apr 6, 2007
|Fee payment
Year of fee payment: 4
|Mar 30, 2011
|Fee payment
Year of fee payment: 8
|Jun 5, 2015
|Maintenance fee reminder mailed
|Oct 28, 2015
|Lapse for failure to pay maintenance fees
|Dec 15, 2015
|Expired due to failure to pay maintenance fee
Effective date: 20151028


text:
So the game project I'm leading has decided on our theme, if you could not guess from the title.
So we deliberated quite a bit, but we've settled on Historical leader figures that will participate in some sort of time hopping hack and slash.
Imagine, Joan of Arc wading into the army of evil, hacking away with her sword, Genghis Khan leaping from his horse and down next to her with his bow drawn, nailing a dude trying to sneak up on.... Franklin Delanor Roosevelt and his mechanical legs, lightning kicking a giant robot to death Chun Li style?
Yeah, not exactly a romp through the history channel... unless you were mixing up the signal with the BBC while it's airing Doctor Who.
I'm excited about this ^^
Joan of Arc, by GENZOMAN on DeviantArt.
Random Phrase:
"You Lose."
- Calvin Coolidge.

subset: commoncrawl


text:
Latest update June 26th, 2016 12:58 AM
The first semi-final of the 2013 Universal DVD First Division T20 Cricket Competition in Berbice between Group A winner Albion Community Centre and Group B runner-up West Berbice is scheduled for today at Albion at 1:30 p.m.
After ending up mostly at the losing end in their battles with Albion over the years, West Berbice will savor their chances today against a below strength opponent. With their two current senior West Indies cricketers – Narsingh Deonarine and Veerasammy Permaul – doing duties in India and Under-19 left-arm spinner Gudakesh Motie currently doing duty with West Indies against Bangladesh, now former test leg-spinner Devendra Bishoo will also be unavailable due to him going overseas on urgent personal business.
Their severely weakened spin attack will be spearheaded by off-spinner Andre Percival, a former national cricketer, as well as off-spinner Verapen Permaul, Sharaz Ramcharran, who recently represented Guyana under-19 against Bangladesh, David Latchaya and leg-spinner, Avinash Wajib. Their batting will be spearheaded by former West Indies batsman, Sewnarine Chattergoon, who is also a reliable legspinner in his own right, former Guyana T20 batting star Jonathan Foo, former Guyana under-19 batsman, Kandasammy Surujnarine, current Guyana wicket-keeper-batsman Anthony Bramble, Ramcharran and Percival.
West Berbice for their part will be coming with a strong pace bowling attack against Albion whose batsman were never usually free flowing against quick bowlers. Leading the attack will be Guyana quickie Keon Joseph, former West Indies pacer Brandon Bess who has been doing well in recent matches and seems determined to make a comeback, former Guyana under-19 pacer, Roun Johnson, the steady medium fast Wrendel Bobb and medium pacer Keith Fraser. Also there will be Berbice 50-over offspinner Krishnadat Ramoo, one of the most difficult bowlers to score off in Berbice and offspinner Andrew Dutchin. In the batting department, Fraser has been their most consistent batsman lately and West Berbice will hope that former Berbice batsman, Artley Bailey, Andrew Dutchin, Raffel Estriado, who is a former Berbice under-19 batsman, former Guyana under-19 batsman Sherwin McPherson and even Ramoo will come good.
The umpires nominated are Zaheer Moakan and Joseph Simon. The other semi-final between Bermine and Rose Hall Town Farfan and Mendes is scheduled for tomorrow at Port Mourant.
The squads for today's match:
Albion Community Centre
Sewnarine Chattergoon (Captain)
Kandasammy Surujnarine
Jonathan Foo
Anthony Bramble (Wicketkeeper)
Andre Percival
Sharaz Ramcharran
David Latchaya
Balchand Baldeo
Verapen Permaul
Avinash Wajib
Satesh Dwarka
Adrian Sukhwa
Shivnarine Shirkissoon
Narendra Permaul
Manager- Muthuswami Permaul
West Berbice
Krishnadat Ramoo (captain)
Keon Joseph
Wrendel Bobb
Brandon Bess
Roun Johnson
Andrew Dutchin
Keith Fraser
Raffel Estriado
Artley Bailey
Quacy McPherson (wicketkeeper)
Sherwin McPherson
Christopher Bissoon
Grisean Grant
Rajbance Hemraj
Manager- David Black
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text:
On Second Thought is a one-hour, daily news talk show that airs at 9 a.m. ET weekdays.
Step inside the Newark Police Department — one of many troubled forces ordered to reform. Tuesday, June 28 at 10 PM
National Signing Day is over and the reigning AAAAAA Champions, the Colquitt County Packers, had 25 players sign letters of intent on National Signing Day. I had a chance to go one-on-one with Head... MORE
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3 Macon Students Get Big Scholarships
Three seniors at Central High School in Macon have each been awarded a $250,000 scholarship from the Gates Millennium Scholars program. The Gates Millennium Scholars program is funded by the Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation.
Full Story
Tue., December 28, 2010 5:58am
Watch Again: Helping Teachers Improve Via Video
The Gates Foundation is spending millions of dollars to answer a very difficult question: What makes a great teacher great?


text:
Roseville neighbors protest towering duplexes
Builder continues work — bringing in fill dirt to "lower" height?
Julie Stalmer 7:15 p.m., June 25
Image by Michelle Williams
Posted June 8, 2009
I was invited to the Wintergreen Dogsled Resort in Ely, Minnesota, by a friend of mine. I chose the lodge-to-lodge trip, four days of dog sledding between lodges. The food at the lodges was wonderful, ...
Julie Stalmer 7:15 p.m., June 25
Ken Harrison 3:35 p.m., June 25
Walter Mencken 2:02 p.m., June 25
Josh Board 12:58 p.m., June 25
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Jay Anderson 10:30 a.m., June 25
Dave Rice 9 a.m., June 25
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text:
B is the best remote-controlled flying car you will ever own
Where would we be without Kickstarter? We wouldn't have E Ink smart watches already on our wrists, probably. Or Android games consoles. And we doubt we'd ever have heard of the crazy, one-lettered remote control flying car, B.
Built by Witold Mielniczek, B is an all-terrain vehicle that can traverse over difficult ground types thanks to four large, bendy wheels and, if it does find something it can't drive over, can switch to flight mode to hover above the obstacle instead.
In short, we want one. We want one now.
Sadly, we'll have to wait as B is in the funding round on Kickstarter. It is promised to be available to backers by the end of 2013, but is still to make more than half its funding goal of £86,500. There are still 35 days to go, however, so we'd expect it to hit its target at least.
As well as the wheels and copter blades, the B sports a 720p HD camera in the nose, to allow you to record footage of its travels. Up to 32GB of microSD card storage is supported, which should hold plenty of footage, but a single charge of the B's battery will last for around 15 minutes before it will need replenishing.
In the demonstration video, Mielniczek shows that the RC vehicle is designed to take a reasonable fall, so there should be no issues if the battery life expires in mid-air. And you needn't worry about bumpy landings.
You can find out more about the B on its dedicated Kickstarter page. A pledge of £400 or more will get you a fully assembled version with an RC transmitter. Smaller amounts can be paid for different levels of construction/technology included.
Google wants you to explore the web in VR with Chrome for Android
Hasbro's Furby is now a connected toy with LCD screens for eyes
Oneadaptr Twist+ World Charging Station: One-stop global charger for MacBook,...
Experience virtual reality for just $19 with the VR Box Headset
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text:
Russian Orthodox Church marks 300 years in China
ucanews.com reporter, Hong Kong
December 7, 2012
The Russian Orthodox Church has held several events in Hong Kong to mark 300 years since Emperor Kangxi (1654-1722) issued a decree approving the founding of the Russian Spiritual Mission in Beijing.
As well as liturgy services there was a roundtable conference yesterday to discuss various issues the Orthodox Church encounters in China today.
The Orthodox Church is not among the five government-recognized religions in China. There are four churches in the country which are officially allowed to hold services but there are no full-time priests.
There are roughly 15,000 to 20,000 Chinese believers across China.
Books featuring a Russian-Chinese translation on catechism, missiology, liturgy and history were also on display while commemorative stamps depicting former bishops and churches in China were issued in Hong Kong earlier this year.
Abu Sayyaf frees Filipino kidnap victim in Sulu
Marites Flor, a Filipino woman, was kidnapped with two Canadians and a Norwegian in September
Vatican responds to speculation on Bishop Ma's recant
Vatican spokesman treads lightly in response to events occurring inside China
Muslims targeted in Myanmar again
Villagers in Bago Division destroyed parts of a mosque, a madrassa and some houses following an argument
Caritas Bangladesh gets new executive director
Francis Atul Sarker vows to boost Caritas services for more people
Church, activists fear reimposition of death penalty
Reintroduction will see many innocent and poor people executed in the Philippines, they say


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Wimbledon 2016: Svetlana Kuznetsova dumps out sinking Caroline...Indian Express, 1 day ago
PHOTOS Wimbledon: Kuznetsova dumps out Wozniacki; Serena and Murray advance - Rediff.com, 1 day ago
Kuznetsova dumps out sinking Wozniacki - Yahoo! UK and Ireland, 1 day ago
679 images for svetlana
UPDATE 8-Tennis-Wimbledon womens singles round 1 results
June 28 (Gracenote) - Results from the Wimbledon Women's Singles Round 1 matches on Tuesday 13-Svetlana Kuznetsova (Russia) beat Caroline Wozniacki (Denmark) 7-5 6-4 Tara Moore (Britain) beat Alison Van Uytvanck (Belgium) 6-3 6-2 ...Reuters UK, 1 day ago Wimbledon 2016 women's seed report SI.com, 6 days ago UPDATE 22-Tennis-Eastbourne International womens singles results Reuters UK, 1 week ago
OSCE PA President Believes Major Changes in EU Needed After Brexit
MOSCOW (Sputnik), Svetlana Alexandrova— On Thursday, the United Kingdom held a referendum todetermine whether or not the country should leave the European Union. According tothe final results, 51.9 percent ofvoters, or 17.4 million people, decided ...Sputnik, 6 days ago
Nobel Winner Alexievich Pessimistic on Political Change in Post-Soviet Space
MIL OSI MIL OSI Source: United Civil Party Belarus in English Press Release/Statement Headline: Svetlana Alexievich, the Belarusian author awarded the Nobel Prize for literature last year, says the prospects of steering Belarus and ...Foreign Affairs.co.nz, 2 days ago Nobel Laureate Alexievich: 'We Thought That Communism Was Dead' VOA News, 1 week ago Nobel laureate Svetlana Alexievich, other prominent Belarusians support Belsat TV Belsat, 2 weeks ago Belarusian Laureate makes English debut The Hindu, 1 month ago
Russian athletes Denis Nizhegorodov and Svetlana Vasilyeva launch appeals of Rio ban
Two Russian athletes said Sunday they have appealed to the Court of Arbitration for Sport to overturn the IAAF's ban on the Russian team competing in Olympic track and field.The IAAF, track and field's world governing body,New Zealand Herald, 1 week ago Rio Olympics: Two Russian Athletes Launch Appeals to Overturn Ban NDTV, 1 week ago Two Russian athletes appeal to overturn the ban on their Rio 2016 participation DNA, 1 week ago 2 Russian athletes launch appeals of Rio ban Mail.com, 1 week ago
Large Russia-led Eurasian Partnership to Place Regional Economy on Top
MOSCOW (Sputnik), Svetlana Alexandrova— A large Eurasian partnership project proposed byRussian President Vladimir Putin will put the regional economy ontop, member ofthe Pakistani parliament Mian Abdul Mannan told Sputnik Friday, adding that the ...Sputnik, 1 week ago
French Open 2016: Kuznetsova fails to match Muguruza's attacking game
Garbine Muguruza enters the quarter-finals at Roland Garros, defeats Svetlana Kuznetsova in straight sets.DNA, 1 month ago Muguruza in French Open quarters Prokerala, 1 month ago Aggressive Muguruza downs Kuznetsova to reach Paris last eight Reuters, 1 month ago Nishikori advances to third round at French Open MSN India, 1 month ago
More from: , Himalayan times...and 3 other sources
US Democrats May Push for Stricter Gun Control Amid Orlando Shooting
MOSCOW (Sputnik), Svetlana Alexandrova— On Sunday, a 29-year old shooter opened fire inthe Pulse gay nightclub in Orlando , killing 49 people and injuring atleast 53 others. "The democrats could ask either toban sales ofassault weapon or ...Sputnik, 2 weeks ago
Why Russia still longs for a tsar
Svetlana Alexievich's powerful Soviet oral history "Secondhand Time" offers a unique window into the fall of the USSR.MSN India, 2 weeks ago
Azarenka moves up
Victoria Azarenka has jumped up to world No 5 in the latest WTA rankings, after beating Russian Svetlana Kuznetsova in the Miami Open final on Saturday. The former world No 1 became just the third woman, after Kim Clijsters and Steffi Graf, to win in Indian ...Himalayan times, 2 months ago Red-hot Azarenka emerges champ Deccan Herald, 2 months ago Azarenka demolishes Kuznetsova for third Miami Open title Rediff.com, 2 months ago Comeback champion: Victoria Azarenka beats Svetlana Kuznetsova for Miami Open title First Post.com, 2 months ago
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May 19, 2014 - Industry News
Navistar said it developed a specification for the International ProStar tractor that the company expects to deliver improved fuel economy results.
Tags: Navistar, Fuel Economy, ProStar, Swift Transportation
We offer e-newsletters that deliver targeted news and information for the entire fleet industry.
The expert, Mark Betner from CITGO, will answer your questions
The expert, Brian Fletcher from Eaton, will answer your questions
Frame Rack Accommodates Heavy-Duty Vehicles
Noregon Releases JPro Professional 2016 Version 2
Pencool 4000 Treats Extended Life Coolants
Rand McNally Launches Line of Dash Cameras


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Grand Teton National Park, 1 Sheet 20 X 98 Cent Stamps
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Grand Teton National Park, 1 Sheet 20 X 98 Cent Stamps:
Grand Teton National Park 20 x 98 cent stamps You are offerding on One (1) full Sheet of the Grand Teton National Park Wyoming 98-cent U.S.A. Postage stamps In mint condition. Scot # C147
Each Sheet has Twenty (20) .98 cent U.S. Postage Stamps, can be used for first class Air Mail Letters, mailed in the United States.
Issue Type: Definitive
Issue City: Washington, DC 20066
Issue Date: June 28, 2009
Issue Series: Scenic American Landscapes
This is a Pane of 20 98–cent Grand Teton National Park, Wyoming definitive stamps.On June 28, 2009, in Washington, DC, the Postal Service™ will issue a 98–cent, Grand Teton National Park, Wyoming, definitive stamp, designed by Ethel Kessler of Bethesda, Maryland.This international rate stamp in the Scenic American Landscapes series features a photograph by Dennis Flaherty, Bishop, California, of Grand Teton National Park. The photograph was taken from the Snake River Overlook at dawn. Text on the stamp reads, "Grand Teton National Park, Wyoming.
See the Grand Teton National Park Wyoming click on the link bellow
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Resources for individuals who are being sexually harassed or stalked
What should I do if I am sexually harassed or stalked?If someone has sexually harassed you — made unwelcome sexual advances, requests for sexual favors, or threats for failure to engage in sexual relations — or stalked you — for example, your ex-partner won't stop calling, texting, following you, or showing up at your residency or place of work even after you have asked them to stop, contact:
Office of Equal Opportunity and Inclusion
University Response to Sexual Assault
Title IX FAQ
Affirmative Action Advisory Board
Diversity Council
Diversity Scorecard (PDF)
Community Standards of Conduct
Complaint Resolution Procedure
Discrimination, Harassment, and Sexual Violence Policy
Equal Opportunity and Inclusion Policy
Unequal Consensual Relationships Policy
Dr. Barbara "B.J." Addison ReidDirector of Equal Opportunity & Inclusion/Title IX Coordinator
Office of the PresidentLesley University29 Everett StreetCambridge MA. 02138Direct: 617.349.8507
What is Lesley's definition of consent to have sexual contact?
What should I do if I am sexually assaulted?
What should I do if I am sexually harassed or stalked?
What should I do if I am accused of sexual misconduct?
What is an active by-stander?


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Kate Bosworth Turns "21"
This probably is quite a big reunion for Kate Bosworth as she openly told Womens' Wear Daily in an interview at Paris Fashion Week that she is about to take part in "21" for Columbia Pictures.
Not only finds herself to once again appear opposite Kevin Spacey onscreen after their last collaboration in "Superman Returns", the beauty also will reunite with Robert Luketic, the project's helmer, who previously directed her in "Win a Date with Tad Hamilton."
"21", based on Ben Mezrich's best-seller "Bringing Down the House: The Inside Story of Six M.I.T. Students Who Took Vegas for Millions", so far has also lined up Liza Lapira, Josh Gad, Jim Sturgess, and Masi Oka in the cast list. Production is scheduled to begin next moth in Boston and Las Vegas with Spacey, Dana Brunetti, and Michael De Luca producing.
- Video: Chris Brown Throws a Fan's Phone Used to Film Him at a Club
- 'Agents of S.H.I.E.L.D.' Season 4 Casting News Fuels the Ghost Rider Speculation
- 'Quantico' Beauty Priyanka Chopra Reveals She Has 'Never Dated.' Here's Why
- Drake Says His Heart's Broken by Rihanna as They Spark New Dating Rumor in London
- First Look at Matthew McConaughey as Man in Black on 'The Dark Tower' Set
- Fergie Debuts 'M.I.L.F. $'. Listen to the Empowering New Track!
- Nicki Minaj Goes Braless and Flashes Ample Boob in This Photo
- 'Pacific Rim 2' Gets New Release Date


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I've been puzzling over how best to architect an application I'm due to begin work on shortly and nothing simple is coming to mind. Maybe someone else can see something that I'm missing.
The objective is pretty simple -- construct an app in C#/WinForms to allow the user to specify a file to be loaded, then visualize that file's contents in 3D, allow the user to tweak some properties, and then run a simulation.
The tricky part is the back-end. I have two files to load.
The first isn't specified by the user, but rather comes out of an older C++ application and is XML format and will be loaded automatically. The XML file describes its object structure - each class, its properties, and the corresponding min, max, and default values for those properties, as well as a text field documenting the property. This file is used to set up/define the classes/properties. This file continues to change on a fairly regular basis, so the objective here to is import these XML definitions so as not to link this new UI too closely with the older app.
The second file contains the input that is relevant to the user. This file describes what objects will be used and the values relevant to a subset of the classes/properties described in the first file.
That's it.
As I said, I've considered several ways of doing this, but they all seem archaic. One method I've thought about this: First, create a factory/dispatcher that reads and constructs a class of type 'Loadable' to represent those classes defined in the XML; then create a generic 'Property' to store the properties themselves and store them in a collection of some sort within the Loadable object. My thought is that this way, I can reference those Loadables later on when loading the user's file or when pulling them up in a PropertyGrid for user-editing.
Thoughts? Am I on crack? Is there a simpler way to tackle this that I'm not seeing through the trees? Any comments would be welcome.


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Border Patrol: Cannon used to shoot drugs into US
Authorities believe cans of marijuana were launched about 500 feet into the U.S. using a pneumatic-powered cannon
Associated Press
YUMA, Ariz. — U.S. Border Patrol agents say smugglers have come up with yet another creative way to get drugs in the country — a cannon.
Authorities say 33 cans of marijuana were spotted Friday in a field near where the Colorado River crosses the U.S.-Mexico border. They believe the cans were launched about 500 feet into the U.S. using a pneumatic-powered cannon.
After searching the area, agents recovered a carbon dioxide tank.
Mexican authorities were also notified and searched their side of the border.
The 85 pounds of marijuana found in the cans had an estimated value of $42,500.
Authorities say Border Patrol agents in the Yuma sector near the Arizona-California border are adapting and shifting resources as smugglers come up with new ways of transporting their contraband.
Copyright 2012 Associated Press
Copyright Associated Press. All rights reserved. This material may not be published, broadcast, rewritten, or redistributed.
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Medium Warmth - Soft - Bath Robes - Under $60
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Mon Dec 07 00:00:00 MST 2015debwait Rating:5.0
Love my robe, but probably should have ordered one size down. I am generally a large but could have easily used a medium in this robe.
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a little lighter than expected but plenty of warmth. The robe would be classified as short, just below my knee ( 5'6"). Washes well and very soft!
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I ordered this robe in a larger size because I wanted it to be roomy. I made a wise decision. This robe is so cozy and comfortable and soft. It also washes very well. I would definitely recommend purchasing this robe and slipper set.
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if you are looking for a robe that wraps you up like a blanket, this is not the one for you. The micro fiber is thin. It IS soft. As long as you do not need lots of warmth it is a good robe.
You have plenty of big, fluffy towels to keep you warm when you hit the bathroom's cold tile floor after a shower. But haven't you forgotten something? Staying cozy after you have dried off requires a bathrobe to wear when you really need to warm up. A luxurious bathrobe can be a particularly great addition to your morning or evening shower or simply a soft piece of clothing to wrap up in on a lazy weekend. Still not convinced you need to buy one? Here are five more reasons you'll want to make sure you have a robe in your bathroom. Read More
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Friday, April 27, 2012
Eric Wedge didn't listen.
Then again, neither did Don Wakamatsu, John McLaren, Mike Hargrove, Bob Melvin or Lou Pinella.
No matter how many desperate pleadings I make from the front seat of my car, the front of my television or with my laptop open in front of me, they never listen.
It was after my latest pleadings into the dark sky went unanswered that my remote control went flying across the room. After I begged with my radio for Felix Hernandez to stay in the game after eight stellar innings and 130 pitches, Wedge brought in reliever Brandon League, who promptly lost the game.
I hated Brandon League, just as I hated Bobby Ayala before him, and hated the guy who scored game-winning baskets against my high school team, and the guy who hit a game-winning three-pointer over my outstretched hand for an intramural championship in college.
Now this isn't hate-hate mind you, but in the passion of the rooting moment or the competitive second; it's the only feeling you can muster. Call it the first stage of sports grief. First comes anger, then denial, then finally acceptance.
The anger part usually is fleeting. I'm sure I'll forgive Brandon League, as long as he doesn't do that again tomorrow. However, you'll never catch me rooting for the Oklahoma City Thunder, which once upon a time were the basketball team I grew up rooting for - when they were the Seattle Supersonics.
It took me years to even semi-enjoy an NBA game again, and seeing that team become one of the best in the league has certainly brought me no joy.
Everybody gets angry after a loss. After a team loses a game, everybody, from the star player to the guy at the end of the bench (like me) wonders what they could have done differently. I remember after a couple of tough losses going back into the locker room saying I was done with this stupid game. Of course the next day I was back at practice. Anger fades.
The denial is a bit trickier. When my brother and I used to play sports video games, which we did with a fair amount of regularity, anytime he would lose he would push the reset button on the Nintendo and immediately cry "It didn't happen!"
Of course I was far more mature. I waited until one day when I was drubbing him soundly in a basketball video game, only to have him storm back in the second behind something like 70 points from Dirk Nowitzki. As the final seconds ticked away, I hit the reset button. "It didn't happen!"
Like I said, I was much more mature about these things.
Eventually that denial turns to acceptance. Like how my younger brother eventually accepted that I was just plain better than him at video games.
Or how I came to accept the Sonics were gone, or how it will likely be years before the Mariners are able to erase the portion of their history which reads "only American League team to not reach the World Series."
Or how I came to accept that I just was not that great a basketball player and would probably be better off channeling my passion for sports with a pen and notepad than I would with a pair of sneakers.
So why you ask, do I keep putting up with the devastating losses, the teams moving or the pushing of the reset button on the video game system?
Because even though I may get driven crazy sometimes, I still love it. And the love overcomes any temporary pain.
That and there is always the chance that maybe someday the Mariners' manager will listen to me.
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PANTHERS PIP BUNNIES | More misery for South Sydney Rabbitohs as the Penrith Panthers scraped home d...
9 hours ago - 1 Likes
In both his rugby league and boxing careers Anthony Mundine has made some very bizarre statements, but his latest not only takes the cake, it is likely to further erode whatever support he has left among rugby league fans, players and officials.
Mundine had a reasonable rugby league career, representing the Dragons and the Broncos, before giving the game away to concentrate on boxing.
His statement yesterday that NSW is a racist rugby league state, and that he is encouraging young Aboriginal footballers to move to Queensland, came on the same day as his next


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Build up your biceps and triceps with these simple arm exercises from the American Council on Exercise. Learn valuable how-to information and get expert fitness advice that will help you strengthen your arm muscle groups including the biceps, triceps and wrists. We have a wide variety of arm strenghtening exercises from the beginner to advanced level including the dumbbell bench press, triceps kick-backs, bicep curls and more. For full workout routines that feature arm exercises, check out our Workouts section.
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If gaining weight is your goal, it's important to do so in a mindful way, paying close attention to both what you eat and how much you eat.


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Absolutely Fabulous 1992 | TV Show Watchlist
Season 1, Episode 1 Fashion
Edina hits a bottleneck in her attempt to give up drinking: She doesn't want to quit. Jonny: Nickolas Grace. Lou-Lou: Lucy Blair. Patsy: Joanna Lumley. Saffron: Julia Sawalha. Bubble: Jane Horrocks.
Guest Cast
Lucy Blair Lucy Blair Lou-Lou
Nickolas Grace Nickolas Grace Jonny
Cast & Details See all »
- Premiered: November 12, 1992
- Rating: TV-PG
- Premise: A caustic and clever Britcom about two neurotic gal pals who are dedicated followers of fashion. Edina's in PR, while Patsy's a magazine editor, though work isn't something they do very often. Drinking is, however, as is man-chasing (sometimes literally).… (more)
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Mitch McConnell
Some of us can't wait for Election Night. Instead of pundit talk, we get actual raw vote. There's a lot to keep track of, especially for what to watch in the race for the Senate. There are several counties to watch in several key states, but let's take a look at possible bellwethers in six key states. These counties may not reflect the perfect or closest match to the statewide results in every instance, but they are close and, importantly, they have enough votes to matter. Continue reading
Kentucky's major party candidates for U.S. Senate will meet for a moderated conversation on Kentucky Educational Television's signature politics program Monday, at 8 p.m. EDT, in what is expected to be their last face-to-face event before the Nov. 4 general election. Continue reading
Republican Sen. Mitch McConnell said Friday that Democrat Alison Lundergan Grimes is deceiving voters by staying mum on whether she voted for President Barack Obama in 2008 and 2012. Continue reading
Today in the Morning Line: Obama, U.K.'s Cameron try strike tough tone on crises DOJ to open investigation into Ferguson PD Hagan-Tillis debate in N.C. Independents Day in Kansas McConnell reaches key mark in new poll 'Moment of testing' on … Continue reading
Jesse Benton said Friday he's stepping down from his top role in the Republican senator's re-election effort. Continue reading
The parties bus in their faithful, and thousands of pounds of mutton are served up alongside a raucous campaigning and politicking. Continue reading
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text:
|Publication number
|Publication type
|Publication date
|Feb 16, 1965
|Filing date
|Feb 15, 1963
|Priority date
|Jun 22, 1962
|Also published as
|Publication number
|Hummel Frederick S
|Original Assignee
|Atomic Energy Of Canada Ltd
|Export Citation
|BiBTeX, EndNote, RefMan
|Patent Citations (1), Referenced by (6), Classifications (7)
|External Links: USPTO, USPTO Assignment, Espacenet
Feb. 16, 1965 F. s. HUMMEL NUCLEAR REACTOR FUELLING MACHINE 9 Sheets-Sheet 1 Filed Feb. 15. 1963 Feb. 16, 1965 F. s. HUMMEL 3,169,647
NUCLEAR REACTOR FUEL-LING MACHINE Filed Feb. 15, 1963 9 Sheets-Sheet 2 Feb. 16, 1965 F. s. HUMMEL NUCLEAR REACTOR FUELLING MACHINE 9 Sheets-Sheet 3 Filed Feb. 15, 1963 Feb 1965 F. s. HUMMEL. 3,169,647
NUCLEAR REACTOR FUELLING MACHINE Filed Feb. 15, 1963 9 Sheets-Sheet 4 A nefg Feb. 16, 1965 F. s. HUMMEL 3,169,647
NUCLEAR REACTOR FUELLING MACHINE Filed Feb. 15, 1963 9 Sheets-Sheet 5 45 46 I l --46 47 I 33 51a. 40 \O I 0 Feb. 16, 1965 F. s. HUMMEL 3,169,647
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Feb. 16, 1965 F. s. HUMMEL 3,169,647
NUCLEAR REACTOR FUELLING MACHINE Filed Feb. 15, 1965 9 Sheets-Sheet 9 RAM PQsrno IMDICATQ 82 8 ACTUATE 34 SIGNAL RETRAc-r 6\c.u.u LocK SIGNAL MEcHMusM .38
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Fre4ey /g 5 a 047777119X F-TEJ'E- 67 mw aYw hw A %MZ United States atent ()fifiice This invention relates to fuelling machines for nuclear reactors.
A typical nuclear reactor, in association with which the fuelling machine to be described below could conveniently be used, has a large number of horizontal tubes each containing a series of fuel bundles and each arranged to convey fluid coolant under pressure past such bundles for the extraction of heat. Such an arrangement is conventional. Since the nuclear fuel in the bundles is slowly consumed, fresh bundles are loaded into the tubes on one side of the reactor in accordance with a prearranged programme, while used bundles are Withdrawn from the opposite ends of the tubes at the other side of the reactor. Essentially similar machines are employed for loading and unloading.
Whether performing a loading or unloading function, each machine is required firstly to form an extension of a chosen reactor fuel tube and then to disengage a pressure sealing plug from the end of such tube. After equalizing the pressure in the two machines with that of the coolant in the tube, the plugs in each end of the tube are removed for a loading operation to commence. Both machines includes a ram and, while the ram of the unloading machine is pushed up into engagement with the end of the last fuel bundle in the row (the bundle to be removed) to hold the row of bundles against movement out of the tube induced by coolant flow, the ram of the loading machine is withdrawn, its magazine is indexed to position a new fuel bundle in line with the ram, and then the ram is forced forward to drive this bundle into the tube. At this stage of the operation, the ram of the unloading machine is withdrawn at a controlled rate to allow the row of bundles to move through the tube so that the last bundle is pushed out into the magazine of the unloading machine for indexing out of register with the ram and subsequent disposal. The ram of the unloading machine then returns to engage the next bundle in the row, which has now become the end bundle, and, in conjunction with the ram of the loading machine, pushes the row back again into a centrally located position in the reactor tube. One fresh bundle has thus been added at the loading end and one spent bundle has been removed at the unloading end. Finally, the plugs are replaced at each end of the tube, and the fuelling machines move into alignment with another tube to carry out a similar operation.
This description of the manner of operation of a pair of loading and unloading machines has deliberately been made brief and general. In practice the sequence of steps involved in a refuelling operation is quite lengthy. However, a detailed description of all these steps would be out of place in this specification, since the inventive advance with which this specification is concerned involves improvements in the structure and operation of mechanism for accurately determining the position of the fuel bundles during the withdrawal of a spent bundle from the row of bundles into the magazine of the unloading machine.
Thus, although the loading and unloading machines are the same as one another in most respects, and indeed it may be convenient in any given installation to make the machines identical so that their functions can be interchanged once installed, there is one aspect of the unloading procedure which the unloading machine must take care of, which has no counterpart in the loading procedure and consequently requires no apparatus in the loading machine unless, as indicated above, the loading machine is constructed so as to be able to serve as an unloading machine also. For this reason, and in view of the close similarity between loading and unloading machines, they are referred to collectively in this specification as fuelling machines.
The primary object of the present invention is to provide sensing and stop mechanisms for accurately locating the position of the end of a fuel bundle in the row of fuel bundles extending from a reactor tube into a fuelling machine acting as an unloading machine. It is necessary to know the exact position of the end of a fuel bundle, in order properly to locate the spent fuel bundle in the magazine of the machine. In practice, the positions of the ram are accurately known, but the exact lengths of the bundles vary somewhat in manufacture and use, and are, of course, a function of temperature. It is thus undesirable to rely on the ram positions to predict the exact position of the line of junction between the adjacent ends of a pair of fuel bundles.
Further features of the present invention will appear from the specific description which follows, a description which is provided by way of example only. A manner in which the invention may be carried into practice is illus trated diagrammatically in the accompanying drawings.
FIGURE 1 is a small scale, elevation view of a fuelling machine shown in general outline only;
FIGURE 2 is a section on the line II-II in FIGURE 1;
FIGURE 3 is a longitudinal central section broken in two places to illustrate the cooperation between a row of fuel bundles and the rams of the loading and unloading fuelling machines;
FIGURE 4 is a view of a portion of FIGURE 3 showing the area around the bundle position sensing mechanism;
FIGURE 5 is a section on the line V-V in FIGURE 4;
FIGURE 6 is a view of the same parts as FIGURE 4 at a later stage in the operation;
FIGURE 7 is a section on the line VIIVII in FIG- URE 6;
FIGURE 8 is a section on the line VIIIVIII in FIG- URE 6;
FIGURE 9 is a section on the line IXIX in FIG- URE 6;
FIGURE 10 is a view similar to FIGURE 6 showing the parts in the positions occupied at yet a later stage in the operation;
FIGURE 11 is a fragment of FIGURE 10 showing the parts in yet a later position; and
FIGURE 12 is a simplified diagrammatic representation of a control circuit.
FIGURE 1 shows the function of the machine in general terms. A nuclear reactor It) has a plurality of horizontal tubes 11 each containing a row of fuel bundles. The unloading machine 12 comprises a frame 13 mounted on wheels 14 engaging rails 15 for rectilinear horizontal movement into alignment with a selected tube 11. Vertical indexing is achieved by mounting a carriage 16 on two ver tical pillars 17. The magazine 18 and ram mechanism 19 are mounted on the carriage 16. Suitable motors and controls (not identified) are employed to align the snout 20 of the machine with any desired one of the tubes 11. Details of the aligning and ram mechanisms respectively are provided in F. S. Hummel United States patent application Serial No. 258,700, filed February 15, 1963 and United States patent application Serial No. 177,567, filed March 5, 1962, respectively.
The sensing and stop mechanisms 21 with which the present application is concerned are provided on the machine 12 just forwardly (that is on the reactor side) of the magazine 18. As is shown in FIGURE 2, two such mechanisms are employed. They are alike and in much of the description and illustration which follows, reference will be made to only one mechanism, it being assumed that the second mechanism is constructed and operates similarly with the first mechanism. As will appear when consideration is given to the control circuit, there are occasions when signals from both mechanisms are required before subsequent actions can occur. The mechanisms thus act as a check against the proper performance of each other.
FIGURE 3 shows a reactor tube 11 containing a row of fuel bundles 2-2. The left hand end of Figure 3 shows the ram 23 of the loading machine, while the right hand end of this same figure shows the ram 24 of the unloading machine, such ram bearing against the last fuel bundle 22a at the end of the row of bundies which extends into the unloading machine 12. fuel bundle 22a is shown in FIGURE 3 as lying mainly within the magazine 13 of the unloading machine 12, the rams and fuel bundles between them requiring about two inches further travel to the right before the spent bundle 22a lies wholly within the magazine 13. It is one of the purposes of this operation to bring the spent bundie 22a to lie accurately within the magazine I8, so that such magazine can be indexed around to remove the bundle from alignment with the row of bundles to enable the ram 24 to return and subsequently engage the next fuel bundle 22b.
As will be observed, each of the fuel bundles consists of a group of rods secured in parallel relation to one another in concentric circular arrangement (see FIGURE 2). These rods are maintained in their proper spaced relationship by spiders (not shown), thus allowing coolant fluid to flow around each individual rod. The rods are fitted with end caps 25 (FIGURE 3) and the lengths of the rods are graded from longer to shorter from the center outwards, so that, when adjacent ends of a pair of bundles abut each other, the only surfaces in contact are the end caps 25 of the respective central rods. A substantial gap 26 is left between the opposed ends of those rods of adjacent fuel bundles that are arranged in the outermost layer of rods. This gap 26 is used for cooperation with the two sensing and stop mechanisms 21, which latter will now be described in further detail.
Each of the mechanisms 21 includes a slidably mounted sensor 30 which is urged to projecting position by a spring 32 (FIGURE 6), but can be held in withdrawn position in spite of such spring, by fluid pressure exerted against a face of a piston 33 and supplied through inlet 34. Piston 33 is connected to the sensor 30 by means of rods 35, 35a, articulated by pin 36 to permit the rod 35a connected to sensor 3b a degree of pivotal freedom about a horizontal axis for reasons that will become clear below. Rod 35 which slides snugly in casing 31 has a ferromagnetic extension 37 which cooperates with a coil 33 to signal the control circuit the position of the sensor 30. Piston 33 can be locked down by fluid pressure applied at line 29.
The overall operation of the mechanism in conjunction with the control circuit will be more fully described below. For the purposes of the present stage of the description, it is sufficient to state that, when the rams 23, 24 reach a position in which the gap 26 between fuel bundles 22a and 22b reaches an appropriate short distance from alignment with the sensors 30 of the mechanisms 21 (say two inches), fluid pressure that has previously been acting against piston 33 in each mechanism to hold sensors 39 withdrawn from the fuel bundles (FIGURE 2 position) is released to allow each spring 32 to push its associated sensor 30 out into gentle but firm contact with the outermost rods of the fuel bundle 22a. This is the condition shown in FIGURE 3. The piston 33 has not completed its maximum outward throw, but any further movement of its assembly is prevented by the bearing of sensor 39 on the fuel rods. The rams continue in slow speed to move This last or spent the row of fuel bundles, until finally the position shown in FIGURES 4 and 5 is reached, that is the sensor 3% drops into the gap 26. The extent of this movement is limited by the piston 33 engaging the surface 39, so that sensor 38 does not pass inwardly of the bundle beyond the outer layer of rods. Nevertheless this small additional movement of the sensor 3%) is signalled to the control circuit by means of coil 38. I
The fuel bundles have now reached the desired position, a fact which the sensor 3th has detected and signailed to the control circuit. It is now time for the stop portion of each of the sensing and stop mechanisms 21 to come into play and this aspect of each of the mechanisms 21 will now be described.
Within a fixed tube 31a forming part of the casing 31 of the mechanism 23., there is slidingly mounted a sleeve that is connected by means of pivot pins 41 to a member 42 that extends parallelto and around the rods 35, 35a to terminate in a forked stop 43 that straddles the sensor 30.
Intermediate the member 42 and the rod 35a (as best seen from FIGURE 8) there is positioned a deflector 44 that tightly embraces the rod 3541 by means of a bearing (while allowing the latter freedom of longitudinal movement), the deflector d4 being pivotally mounted at one end on pivot pins 41 so as to move towards and away from the fuel bundles together with the member 42, while being free to pivot relative to the member 42 about the pivot pins 41.
Movement of the stop-carrying member 42 and hence of the deflector 44 towards and away from the fuel bundles is controlled by pistons 45 travelling in cylinders 46 and acted on by fluid pressure admitted through lines 47 and 48, pistons 45 being connected by rods 49 to pivot pins 41 and carrying ferro-magnetic extensions 50 cooperating with magnetic switches 51 and 52.
Pivoting of deflector 44 about pivot pins 41 is controlled by a piston 55 (FIGURE 6) movable in cylinder 56 under the influence of fluid pressure admitted through lines 57 and 58, and having a rod 59 connected to a lateral extension 44a of deflector 44. A ferro-magnetic extension 60 of the rod 59 cooperates with a coil 61 to signal the position of piston 55.
Thus the sensor 30 and its associated parts are capable of longitudinal movement independently of the remaining movable parts, namely the stop-carrying. member 42 and the deflector 44 which necessarily move together longitudinally, while the deflector 44 can pivot relative to member 42 about the pins 41 under the control of piston 55, such movement being resisted at all times by coil springs 62 (FIGURE 9) that are positioned in cavities in the member 42 and act on the heads 63 of rods 64 that are connected to a plate 441) secured to the deflector 44. In addition, pivotal movement or deflector 44 is also further restrained, in one position of the parts, namely the position of FIGURE 4. The sensor rod 35a carries a transversely projecting pin 76 having an enlarged head 71 that slides in a slot 72 formed in stop-carrying member 42. At its upper end slot 72 is as broad as the head 71, as demonstrated by FIGURE 8, and offers no impediment to movement of the deflector 44 to the right in this view. However, the lower end 72a of slot 72 is formed with a neck 7% (see FIGURE 9) through which the head 71 cannot pass. Accordingly, when the sensor 30 is in projecting position, while the forked stop 43 is withdrawn (the position of FIGURE 3, or the position of FIGURES 4 and 5), the pin head 71 is restrained from movement out of slot end 72a and the deflector 44 and stop-carrying member 42 are effectively locked together. Later in the operation when the stop-carrying member 42 is moved to projecting position (FIGURES 6 and 7), the pin head of deflector 44 about pivot pins 41, deflector 44 carrying the rod 35a and sensor with it in such movement, for which purpose the pivot pins 41 and pin 36 articulating the rods 34, a are arranged to be coaxial when the parts are in the position shown in FIGURES 6 and 7.
The stop-carrying member 42 carries a projecting stop pin 74 extending in the direction of travel of member 42 and adapted, when the member 42 is in its projecting po-si tion, to enter a hole 75 in a cooperating stop 76 fixed to the machine 12, thus ensuring accurate positioning of the forked stop 43 in relation to the machine as a whole.
After the sensor 30 has been urged into the gap 26 by the spring 32, as demonstrated by FIGURES 4 and 5, the contnol circuit causes fluid to move pistons outwardly to insert the forked stop 43 into gap 26. Slow movement of the rams 23, 24 continues for a short time until the outer rods of the fuel bundle 22b have come to bear against sensor 30 and forked stop 43, thus preventing any further fuel travel. The ram 23 of the loading machine continues to maintain some forward force on the row of fuel bundles thus ensuring that they remain firmly pressed together end-to-end. Any looseness in the construction tending to allow the stop 43 to yield to this pressure is prevented from being effected by stop pin 74 engaging surface 77 of stop 76. This is the position shown in FIG- URES 6 and 7.
It is still necessary, however, to cause the spent fuel bundle 22a to travel further into the magazine 18 before the latter can be indexed. For this purpose fluid pressure is applied to piston 55 to rock the deflector 44 in the manner shown in FIGURE 10. Sensor 30 thus pushes the bundle 22a into the magazine 18, while bundle 22b is held back by the stop 43. The ram 24 of the unloading machine yields to this movement, and, after it is complete, the ram 24 is fully withdrawn to leave the magazine 18 free to index around and align an empty tubular portion 18a (FIGURE 11) of the magazine with the ram 24 which then is again extended to engage the bundle 22b and apply suflicient force thereto to balance the force being applied by the ram 23 at the other end of the row. During this latter movement the sensor 39 will have been moved back into alignment with the stop 43 a fact detected by coil 61. The contnol circuit then acts to withdraw both the sensor 30 and stop 43 of both mechanisms 21 which thus again take up the positions of FIGURE 2. The rams then cooperate to return the now of fuel bundles 22 to a central position in the tube 11 and to replug this tube in readiness for the machines to move on to another reactor tube.
The sequence of operations Will now be reviewed in con junction with the control diagram of FIGURE 12. A ram position indicator 89 associated with the unloading machine provides coarse detection of the ram position and is set to produce an ACTUATE signal, on the ram 24 reaching a position corresponding approximately to that shown in FIGURE 3, that is about two inches short of the final position. Two solenoid valves 82 are shown, one for each of the mechanisms 21. Each valve 82 controls the supply of fluid to a respective piston 33 through lines 29 and 34. On being actuated by ram position indicator 89, each of the valves 82 releases pressure from its associated line 34 to allow the spring 32 to move down the respective piston 33 to lower its sensor 30 (FIGURE 3 condition).
When the sensors 30 fall into the gaps 26 (FIGURE 4), the coils 33 detect these movements so that AND gate 83 is operated to send a LOCK signal to valves 82 to pressurise lines 29 to hold the sensors 30 in fully extended position, and to send an ACTUATE signal to solenoid valves 84 that control the pairs of pistons 45 of respective mechanisms 21. This action lowers stops 43 and the parts assume the positions of FIGURES 6 and 7, a fact which is detected by the switch 52 of each mechanism. A further signal from gate 83 may be derived and fed to the ram mechanism to stop the same, or, if preferred, the movement of the ram mechanism need not be arrested.
Switches 52 energise an AND gate 85, so that proper lowering of the stop 43 of each mechanism 21 is required to cause an ACTUATE signal to pass to solenoid valves 86 that control the supply of fluid to pistons 55 for moving the deflector '44 of each mechanism.
Each deflector 44 is capable of three positions: an A position, in which the sensor 30 has been moved a maximum distance towards the magazine 18 (FIGURE 10); a B position, which is the normal central position (FIG- URE 6); and a C position, in which the sensor has been pushed fomward (away fnom the magazine '18) by the ram 24 (FIGURE 11). As soon as either of coils 61 detects its associated deflector 44 in an A position it energizes OR gate 87 to send a RETRACT signal to valves 86. At the same time one of the coils 61 sends a SET signal to AND gates 88 and 90. Deflectors 44 are withdrawn by pistons 55 to position B leaving the spent fuel bundle 22a lying wholly in magazine 18. When both such deflectors 44 have reassumed position B, AND gate 88 is energised to signal the magazine and ram operators 89 (which may be automatic, or may be human) that the parts are in position ready for the magazine to be indexed.
After the indexing operation has been completed, ram 24 comes forward again, as in FIGURE 11, to contact the end of the next fuel bundle 22b. As ram 24 pushes the fuel bundles forward, it also moves the deflectors 44 to C position. Coils 61 then energize AND gate 90 to send RETRACT signals to the other solenoid valves 82, 84 to return the parts to their original position and to send UNSET signals to gates 88 and 90.
I claim:
1. In a fuelling machine for a nuclear reactor, including means defining a passageway terminating in a snout for clamping on to an end of a reactor tube to position said passageway as a coaxial continuation of said tube; a sensing and stop mechanism mounted on the machine to project into said passageway to cooperate with a row of fuel bundles therein moved out of said tube into the machine by ram means, said mechanism comprising (a) a sensor,
(b) means for urging said sensor to projecting position to bear resiliently against a side of a fuel bundle,
(0) means for sensing movement of said sensor into a gap between the outer peripheries of abutting ends of adjacent fuel bundles,
(d) a stop,
(2) means actuated by said sensing means for moving said stop into projecting position aligned with said sensor to enter said gap and thereby arrest movement of the row of fuel bundles extending from said stop into the reactor tube,
(f) and means sensitive to movement of said stop into projecting position for engaging the fuel bundle situated on the side of said stop remote from the reactor tube and for deflecting said fuel bundle along the passageway away from the reactor tube for subsequent disposal.
2. In a fuelling machine for a nuclear reactor, including means defining a passageway terminating in a snout for clamping on to an end of a reactor tube to position said passageway as a coaxial continuation of said tube; a sensing and stop mechanism mounted on the machine to project into said passageway to cooperate with a row of fuel bundles therein moved out of said tube into the machine by ram means, said mechanism comprising (a) a sensor,
(b) means for urging said sensor to projecting position to bear resiliently against a side of a fuel bundle,
(0) means for sensing movement of said sensor into a gap between the outer peripheries of abutting ends of adjacent fuel bundles,
(d) a stop,
(2) means actuated by said sensing means for moving said stop into projecting position aligned with said sensor to enter said gap and thereby arrest movement of the row of fuel bundles extending from said stop into the reactor tube,
(f) and means sensitive to movement of said stop into projecting position for moving said sensor for deflecting the fuel bundle situated on the side of said stop remote from the reactor tube along the passage- Way away from the reactor tube for subsequent disposal.
3. In a fuelling machine for a nuclear reactor including (i) means defining a passageway terminating in a snout for clamping on to an end of a reactor tube to position said passageway as a coaxial continuation of said tube,
(ii) a magazine including a portion coaxial with said passageway,
(iii) and a ram mechanism mounted to extend through said magazine portion and along said passageway into said tube;
(iv) a sensing and stop mechanism mounted on the machine to project into said passageway to cooperate with a row of fuel bundles therein moved out of said tube into the machine against yieldingresistance of said ram mechanism, said mechanism comprising (a) a sensor,
(b) means for urging said sensor to projecting position to bear resiliently against a side of a fuel bundle,
(c) means for sensing movement of said sensor into a gap between the outer peripheries of abutting ends of adjacent fuel bundles,
(d) a stop,
(2) means actuated by said sensing means for moving said stop into projecting position aligned with said sensor to enter said gap and thereby arrest movement of the row of fuel bundles extending from said stop into the reactor tube,
(f) and means sensitive to movement of said stop into projecting position for engaging the fuel bundle situated on the side of said stop remote from the reactor tube and for deflecting said fuel bundle along th passageway away from the reactor tube and into said magazine portion for subsequent disposal.
4 A fuelling machine according to claim 3, wherein the last-mentioned means comprises said sensor and means for moving said sensor to deflect said last-mentioned fuel bundle into said magazine.
5. A fuelling machine according to claim 3, including means sensitive to movement of said stop towards the reactor tube by said ram mechanism to move said stop and said sensor to withdrawn position.
References Cited by the Examiner UNlTED STATES PATENTS 2,725,993 12/55 Smith 214-23 HUGO O. SCHULZ, Primary Examiner.
|Cited Patent
|Filing date
|Publication date
|Aug 28, 1951
|Dec 6, 1955
|Smith Phillips P
|Positioning device
|Citing Patent
|Filing date
|Publication date
|Jan 18, 1968
|Jun 10, 1969
|Atomic Energy Commission
|Fuel element positioner
|Dec 21, 1983
|Mar 18, 1986
|Westinghouse Electric Corp.
|Nuclear reactor fuel assembly peripheral rod lifting device
|Mar 28, 1984
|Sep 29, 1987
|Westinghouse Electric Corp.
|System for manipulating radioactive fuel rods within a nuclear fuel assembly
|Dec 27, 1988
|Aug 21, 1990
|Cybor Corporation
|Precision liquid dispenser
|May 17, 1993
|Feb 13, 1996
|Cybor Corporation
|Dual stage pump system with pre-stressed diaphragms and reservoir
|Aug 3, 1994
|Jun 18, 1996
|Cybor Corporation
|Filtering and dispensing system
|U.S. Classification
|International Classification
|Cooperative Classification
|European Classification


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Model: MS90B Item: MMMMS90B
Accommodates a laptop below and also works for printers, providing storage below. Holds up to 40 lbs. Adjusts in 1-5/8". Stand Type: Monitor; Width: 20"; Depth: 12"; Maximum Height: 5 3/4".
Printerbazaar is a one-stop destination for all your office supplies. From highly durable branded printers to a plethora of accessories, you can get your suitable product at a competitive cost.
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