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Legal News: 06.15.16
In 2015, on behalf of 33 media entities and organizations, Cahill submitted a brief, amici curiae, to the Eighth Circuit in the appeal of an unprecedented award in a defamation suit brought by former Governor of Minnesota Jesse Ventura against Chris Kyle, a former U.S. Navy SEAL and author of the 2012 best-selling autobiography, American Sniper.
Legal News: 06.01.16
Cahill represented the joint book-running managers, global financing coordinators and other initial purchasers in connection with the Rule 144A offering of $20,000,000,000 First Lien Notes by subsidiaries of Dell, Inc. that will be used to partially fund the pending $67 billion acquisition of EMC Corporation.
Legal News: 06.01.16
Plaintiffs Cityfront Hotel Associates LP and Dream Team Hotel Associates LLC (two Tishman Hotel Corporation affiliates), owners of two hotels in Chicago and New York City, filed suit in New York state court seeking to enjoin the $13.6 billion merger between Starwood Hotels & Resorts Inc. and Marriott International, Inc., which would create the world's largest hotel operator by room count.
Legal News: 05.28.16
Cahill represented Coca-Cola Enterprises in its combination with Coca-Cola Iberian Partners and Coca-Cola Erfrischungsgetränk to create a newly formed UK entity Coca-Cola European Partners plc.
Speaking Engagements 06.23.16
Penny Windle to Participate in Panel Discussion on FIRREA and Its Implications
Legal News 06.22.16
Cahill Represents Initial Purchasers in $3.25 Billion Bond Offering by Dell
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Cahill Represents Financing Sources in Notes Offering and Amended Credit Agreement for Albertsons
Recent Press 06.20.16
SEC Uses IEX Approval To Begin Rethinking Market Regs
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Cahill Represents Initial Purchasers in $400 Million Senior Secured Notes Offering by West Corporation
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Cahill Represents Underwriters in $700 Million Senior Notes Offering by L Brands
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Cahill Represents Initial Purchasers in $350 Million Senior Notes Offering by WESCO
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Cahill Again Named Among the Nation's Elite Law Firms by The Legal 500 2016
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Sigma's 17-70mm F2.8-4.5 DC Macro HSM is the practical zoom! A
The Sigma 70-200mm f/2.8 II EX APO Macro HSM telephoto zoom lens
This telephoto zoom lens has a large aperture of F2.8 that is
Sigma APO 50-500mm F4-6.3 EX DG HSM The Sigma APO 50-500mm
The Sigma APO 300mm f/2.8 EX DG HSM lens is an ultra compact
Sigma's 17-70mm F2.8-4.5 DC Macro is the practical zoom! A
Sigma 18-50mm F2.8 EX DC MACRO HSM The Sigma 18-50mm F2.8 EX
This Sigma APO 800mm F5.6 EX DG is a large aperture 800mm lens
Sigma's proprietary OS (Optical Stabilizer) system offers the
This latest version of the Sigma APO 120-300mm F2.8 EX DG OS HSM
Sigma's 24-70mm F2.8 EX DG Macro is a large aperture zoom lens
Sigma's APO 300-800mm F5.6 EX DG HSM is another unique lens in
Sigma's 50-200mm F4-5.6 DC OS HSM is designed for portability
Note: Sigma APO Tele Converter 1.4x and 2x are dedicated
This large aperture telephoto macro lens enables you to shoot up
This is the world's first 180mm macro lens incorporating a
This Sigma Macro 105mm F2.8 EX DG is a large aperture medium
Designed for Canon digital SLR's, the high ratio zoom means that
This Sigma APO 500mm F4.5 EX DG is a large aperture telephoto
Sigma's 24mm F1.8 EX DG Aspherical Macro lens is a large
For many photographers, the 28mm focal length is the ideal
With the widespread popularity of the small sensor APS-c format
This high-performance wide angle lens is designed exclusively
Sigma 18-125mm F3.8-5.6 DC OS HSM The Sigma 18-125mm
This Sigma 20mm F1.8 EX DG Aspherical RF is a unique Sigma
Sigma 18-200mm F3.5-6.3 DC OS /HSM is designed for use with
Sigma's 24-70mm F2.8 IF EX DG HSM is an updated version of this
Sigma's new 12-24mm F4.5-5.6 II DG HSM is an update to the
Sigma's new 12-24mm F4.5-5.6 II DG HSM is an update to the
Note: Sigma APO Tele Converter 1.4x and 2x are dedicated
Sigma's 4.5mm F2.8 EX DC Circular Fisheye HSM creates an image
The Sigma MACRO 70mm F2.8 EX DG is a medium telephoto macro lens
Sigma's 8mm F3.5 EX DG Circular Fisheye are a unique approach to
Sigma's 10mm F2.8 EX DC Fisheye HSM lens is a diagonal fisheye
Sigma's 70-300mm F4-5.6 APO DG Macro is a compact telephoto zoom
Sigma 70-300mm F4-5.6 DG OS The Sigma 70-300mm F4-5.6 DG
This Sigma Macro 50mm F2.8 EX DG is a standard macro lens that
Sigma APO 70-300mm F4-5.6 DG MACRO The Sigma APO 70-300mm
Sigma APO 120-400mm F4.5-5.6 EX DG HSM The Sigma APO
Sigma's 15mm F2.8 EX DG Diagonal Fisheye is a diagonal fisheye
Sigma APO 50-500mm F4.5-6.3 DG OS HSM The Sigma APO
Sigma 85mm F1.4 EX DG HSM The Sigma 85mm F1.4 EX DG HSM is
Sigma APO 150-500mm F5-6.3 DG OS HSM features Sigma's original
The use of the Sigma will really help to make the view widen

subset: commoncrawl


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Jen Brea is a phenomenon. After working as a freelance writer in China and Africa, she enrolled for a PhD at Harvard in political science but, four years ago, got sick. She had a fever that lasted ten days.
Discuss the article on the Forums.
Freaky Rash: Pityriasis Rosea
Discussion in 'Skeleton, Skin, Muscles, Hair, Teeth, and Nails' started by Stone, Sep 1, 2010.


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Faux Leather Sleeve Bouclé Coat (Juniors)
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Quilted faux leather at the sleeves and back yoke offer edgy, urban style to this wintry bouclé coat.
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North Hill Farm is a full service barn offering indoor and outdoor boarding, lessons, showing, and horses for part-board. Established in 2009 and is situation on 20 picturesque acres on County Road 3 in East Garafraxa. Located minutes from Orangeville, Grand Valley, Erin and Hillsburgh and a short 20 minutes from Shelburne, Caledon, Fergus, Mono Mills and Georgetown.
We offer a family friendly, safe, clean environment that is well managed at an affordable price, that you and your horse will be happy to call home. We are a multi discipline barn with English and Western riders and dressage to barrel horses. Enjoy riding in our indoor or outdoor arena and on our manicured trails. You will find Barrels, Poles, Jumps and Filler in our arenas. If there is something you need and we don't have it, let us know and we will talk about adding it to the arena!
Attending many local shows we can offer coaching and lessons both on and off the property, as well as trailering for our students and boarders.
Owner, barn manager and coach Trisha Howden offers 25 years of experience which includes riding and training horses both English and Western as well as years in the show pen. In 2000 Trisha completed and received her Equine Sports Massage Therapy Certificate and offers massage and Red Light Therapy when needed.
We take pride in our farm and the services we offer. We have a true love for what we do and are always interested in you and your horses changing needs.


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The jobs created are not what I call true long term/meaningful jobs...
The market rise is not due to true growth...(see what happens when Ben takes money away)
We're just delaying the inevitable...time for us to pay will come.
Sentiment: Buy
Who did not know the market is rigged? I've thought that for a long time, but they still have to correct sometime or everyone will realized its rigged. It's up to the big boys now and greed is a growing game. The ones that correct are the same ones that are inflating the market. We just do not know when? If it was up to "MATH", it would have already happened, but fundamentals really do not matter anymore. You do not even here the term value stocks anymore. There is a real good chance it will happen by May, but it could be today. We do have a lot of nut cases out there like North Korea and Iran and any issue with the P.Gulf would be a major issue which would be bad for most stocks, except oil. It will be something globally that triggers the correction, because as you said every thing here seems to be fixed. Good luck everyone. Buy on the dips, hopefully it will not go to zero.
Excuse my grammar errors...
That's because there is a fake prez in the White House,running the new party called the ghettocrats.
REP or DEM it really wouldn't matter much. 2008 was a global size ponzi scheme that almost brought our country to its knees. To get back on track will not be a pretty picture whoever is in office. Policy would have been almost idenical, otherwise we would be in a deep recession if not a depression. The 2008 activity is still going on, its just a different game. I am scared to think what will happen when this deck of cards fall.
it was ok but when you bought tvix ,everything is fake
you fake
If VIX is allowed to go down 7 straight days and SPY up 7 straight days, then everyone will know that this market is rigged. You think that will happen without even a market correction or pullback?
Sentiment: Strong Buy
if market rigged than what ? so what ...everything possible i dont like gambling
Agreed... however... the key to this is "See what happens when Ben takes money away). If you can guess correctly when exactly this might happen... you might be able to catch TVIX moving up slightly. The problem is... Ben isn't stopping the presses anytime soon... very likely this will be far into the future. So far in fact you will have already been burned by TVIX and disgusted to the point you will forget about TVIX and move on. The presses are just getting warmed up.
If Ben sneeze's it will affect the VIX. Any money flow change and we are off to the races; hopefully it doesn't go to zero before then.
lol... BEN is NOT in control of the WORLD! all it takes is a little scuffle between China and one iof its neighbors or a country in the European Union to get #$%$ off and we have a correction of 5%, I'm done here...
r u sure ben takes money away one day ?
may be not


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Marketing Communications Account Manager Apply to this position. Location: Minneapolis, MN Department: Corporate Marketing Reports to: Manager, Client Communications Who is RedBrick Health? RedBrick Health is inspired by a singular purpose: to help people be healthy. We are a6/14/2016 Minneapolis, MN Save This Job
Monetization New York, NY, United States Apply Send Jobvite Monetization Manager Monetization New York, NY, USA xAd enables real-time, location-based mobile marketing, without the guesswork. Working with xAd, marketers can deliver more relevant, personalized messages to the6/6/2016 New York, NY Save This Job
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at LogRhythm (View all jobs) Washington, D.C. LogRhythm is searching for a people?focused, highly technical sales professional who provides strong technical sales support, technical direction and business guidance to the sales engineering team. The Sales Engineering Manager5/30/2016 Washington, DC Save This Job
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|Home Software category Just in softwares Submit a program Contact us Link to us
Home > Web Development::HTML Tools > Menu Builder 1.0
Menu Builder 1.0
Navigation button for menus with rollover and play sounds, etc.Company: ArtistScope
Platform: Linux,Mac OS X,Mac Other,Unix,Win2000,Win7 x32,Win7 x64,Win98,WinMobile,WinOther
Size: 911 KB
Price: USD $0.00
Release Date: 2009-11-06
Screenshot URL: http://www.artistscope.com/secure_image/menu/images/applet-code-menu.gif
Category: Web Development::HTML Tools
Menu Builder can be used for navigation buttons or to display an image at any size. It was designed to overcome problems found with using JavaScripts for rollovers in page inserts. Menus need to be fast loading, retrievable from cache, and workable with page inserts. From the publishing point of view they need to be able to be placed into pages efficiently.
Related keywords:
menu navigate applet button link rollover swap image sound
Menu Builder Related Titles:HTML Rename Multiple Files Based On Content Softwa 7.0 - Change the filenames of one or more HTM or HTML files based on content.
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HTMLPad 2016 14.0 - Quick, intelligent and powerful HTML, CSS, JavaScript editor
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CSS Button Hover Effects 1 - CSS BUTTON HOVER EFFECTS is pure HTML5/CSS3 flat buttons. Buttons have HTML
CoffeeCup Responsive Site Designer 1.5.1395 - Create stunning website that look fantastic and are easy to use on any device.
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Short Cuts
Author and Publisher - Catholic Online
The founder of the English Franciscan province, Blessed Agnello, was admitted into the Order by St. Francis himself on the occasion of his sojourn in Pisa. He was sent to the Friary in Paris, of which he became the guardian, and in 1224, St. Francis appointed him to found an English province; at the time he was only a deacon. Eight others were selected to accompany him. True to the precepts of St. Francis, they had no money, and the monks of Fecamp paid their passage over to Dover. They made Canterbury their first stopping place, while Richard of Ingworth, Richard of Devon and two of the Italians went on to London to see where they could settle. It was the winter of 1224, and they must have suffered great discomfort, especially as their ordinary fare was bread and a little beer, which was so thick that it had to be diluted before they could swallow it. Nothing, however, dampened their spirits, and their simple piety, cheerfulness and enthusiasm soon won them many friends. They were able to produce a commendatory letter from Pope Honorius III, so that the Archbishop of Canterbury, Steven Langton, in announcing their arrival, said, "Some religious have come to me calling themselves penitents of the Order of Assisi, but I called them of the Order of the Apostles." In the meantime, Richard of Ingworth and his party had been well received in London and hired a dwelling on Cornhill. They were now ready to push on to Oxford, and Agnello came from Canterbury to take charge of the London settlement. Everywhere the Friars were received with enthusiasm, and Matthew Paris himself attests that Blessed Agnello was on familiar terms with King Henry III. Agnello is thought to have died at the age of forty-one, only eleven years after he landed at Dover, but his reputation for sanctity and prudence stood high amongst his fellows. It is stated that his zeal for poverty was so great that "he would never permit any ground to be enlarged or any house to be built except as inevitable necessity required." He was stern in resisting relaxations in the Rule, but his gentleness and tact led him to be chosen in 1233 to negotiate with the rebellious Earl Marshal. His health is said to have been undermined by his efforts in this cause and by a last painful journey to Italy. Opon his return he was seized with dysentery at Oxford and died there, after crying out for three days, "Come, Sweetest Jesus." The cult of Blessed Agnello was confirmed in 1892; his feast is observed in the Archdiocese of Birmingham today and by the Friars Minor on the eleventh.
Saint Anthony was born Fernando Martins in Lisbon, Portugal. He was born into a wealthy family and by the age of fifteen asked to be sent to the Abbey of Santa Cruz in Coimbra, the then ... continue reading | shop
Nothing is known about St. Sebastian's youth other than the fact he may have come from southern France and he was educated in Milan. He joined the Roman Army in 283 AD, ostensibly to be of ... continue reading | shop
Teresa of Ávila was born Teresa Ali Fatim Corella Sanchez de Capeda y Ahumada in Ávila, Spain. Less than twenty years before Teresa was born in 1515, Columbus opened up the Western ... continue reading | shop
Peter, who was also known as Simon Peter of Cephas, is considered the first Pope. Despite his papacy, Peter had humble beginnings and became one of the Twelve Apostles of Jesus. He was ordained by ... continue readingMore Saint of the Day
Saint Brigid was born Brigit, and shares a name with a Celtic goddess from whom many legends and folk customs are associated. There is much debate over her birthparents, but it is widely believed her mother was Brocca, a Christian baptized by Saint Patrick, and her ... continue readingMore Female Saints
Saint Michael the Archangel isn't a saint, but rather he is an angel, and the leader of all angels and of the army of God. This is what the title "Archangel" means, that he is above all the others in rank. St. Michael has four main responsibilities or offices, as we ... continue reading
If one had to choose one saint who showed the humorous side of holiness that would Philip Neri. Born in 1515 in Florence, he showed the impulsiveness and spontaneity of his character from the time he was a boy. In fact one incident almost cost him his life. Seeing ... continue reading
Saint Rita was born Margherita Lotti in Roccaporena, Italy in 1381. The day after her baptism, Rita was surrounded by a swarm of white bees, which went in and out of her infant mouth without hurting her. Rather than being alarmed, her family believed she was marked to ... continue reading
By Deacon Keith Fournier
This great defender of the faith insisted on the central claim of Christianity: God can be known and loved-indeed, that is why He came into our midst in the person of His Son; so that through a relationship with Jesus Christ, man could participate in the very ... continue readingMore Christian Saints & Heroes


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SUMMARY: The appeal of direct mail continues to decline as the prices of printing and mailing increase. What if there was a way to avoid the high costs without losing direct-response impact?
Find out how BMW Germany tested a mobile campaign to sell winter tires that achieved a 30.31% conversion rate. Includes a step-by-step guide and creative samples.
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Apple to instate country-specific app taxes in EU starting Jan. 1In an email sent out to iTunes Connect members on Wednesday, Apple reminded developers of an upcoming value-added tax (VAT) rate policy change that will see customers pay fees based on their country of residence rather than other EU locales with lower taxes.
As seen in Apple's email, provided by AppleInsider reader Gregg, VAT rates for apps are slated to change in all European Union territories starting Jan. 1, 2015, with the new policy potentially upping prices for customers living in high tax countries like the UK. App Store customers are currently charged a flat VAT across the EU.
The move comes after British Chancellor of the Exchequer and Second Lord of the Treasury George Osborne announced new laws in March targeting tax loopholes that allowed Apple to sell app downloads via low-VAT countries. For example, UK App Store customers are currently able to bypass a 20 percent VAT through Apple's routing of purchases through countries like Luxembourg, which has a 3 percent tax rate.
From a UK budget document released at the time:
"As announced at budget 2013, the government will legislate to change the rules for the taxation of intra-EU business to consumer supplies of telecommunications, broadcasting and e-services. From 1 January 2015 these services will be taxed in the member state in which the consumer is located, ensuring these are taxed fairly and helping to protect revenue."
It is unclear if Apple intends to apply the new tax rule to all iTunes purchases, including music, movies and e-books, though UK budget laws set for enactment cover all digital downloads.
Apple's note also points out that while App Store prices will change to reflect appropriate VAT rates, developer proceeds are to remain constant as they are calculated without tax.
On Topic: iTunes
- Adele's '25' hits Apple Music, Spotify, other streaming services
- Apple Music coming soon to South Korea, local music organization says
- Apple's Trent Reznor says YouTube built on stolen content, pushes Apple Music
- Apple execs say 'no end date' to iTunes downloads, sales in better-than-expected decline
- Report insists Apple 'keeping options open' on phasing out iTunes downloads


text:
Salmon with Asparagus
Credit: Victoria Pearson
Creative #: 175280756
License type: Rights-managedRights-managed products are licensed with restrictions on usage, such as limitations on size, placement, duration of use and geographic distribution. You will be asked to submit information concerning your intended use of the product, which will determine the scope of usage rights granted.
Collection: The Image Bank
Max file size: 3,791 x 4,659 px (12.64 x 15.53 in) - 300 dpi - 5.69 MB
Release info: No release required
Similar imagesSearch ResultsSame series
Salmon With Asparagus Stock PhotoAsparagus,Bowl,Close-up,Color Image,Dinner,Drinking Glass,Edible Mushroom,Food and Drink,Fork,Freshness,Healthy Eating,Indoors,Indulgence,No People,Photography,Plate,Ready-To-Eat,Seafood,Selective Focus,Table Knife,USA,Vertical,Wine,WineglassPhotographer Victoria PearsonCollection: The Image Bank Victoria Pearson


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A Technical overview no images
Got my converter today so thought I'd try and answer all those questions that so far are missing answers.
Contrary to other 'previews' the barrel seems to be made of high quality plastic (like parts of the da*'s) not metal like the ltds.
The lens cap deserves a mention as it has a clever lock to avoid accidental removal in your bag.
1 The screw-drive is a reducing drive and so all screw lens should work without issue achieving lock in the same time the native lens would.
2 SDM operates without reduction so SDM lens achieve lock quicker with converter than without.
I won't cover off IQ as there are plenty of images posted just in summary IQ is somewhere between Good and Outstanding, With decent glass no discernible deterioration in IQ.
I won't cover any lens on the 'compatible' table as they work as designed but will cover a selection of screw and HSM that may or may not function.
FA 35-70 aperture corrected , focal corrected and AF OK if a little unsure
Tamron 18-250 Aperture corrected , focal corrected and AF OK but needs good light (hunts)
Sigma 50mm F2.8 Macro Aperture corrected , focal corrected AF Good
Sigma 400mm Telemacro F5.6 Aperture corrected , Focal Corrected AF Ok if a little unsure
Sigma 70-200 OS HSM Aperture unchanged, Focal Unchanged AF unusable focuses but needs numerous presses to lock (like the 300 with the Tamron 1.4 Pz)
For whatever reason looks like Sigma broke something when they implemented HSM into the PKA back engineering and so have some work to-do as all HSM PKA Sigma glass is no longer 'Pentax compatible'
All in all a great converter which though expensive may be able to justify its price.
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All Skills Training Mackay Cutters sponsorship and season ticket information along with application forms can now be found on the Cutters website (see the links below).
If you have been sponsor or a member in the past we would really appreciate your support again this season, and if you know of anyone else that you think might like to be involved then please encourage them to do so.
On the back of very successful 2010 and with a new stadium just around the corner, the 2011 season is going to be the most exciting yet for the Skills Training Mackay Cutters and we would love you to be a part of it!


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when an imbecile can create a screen name of SGT #$%$ and post for days at a time, unchecked?
Is there really that little decency left in the world?
Is this board even moderated more than once a month?
Why should we be subject to such egregious indecency, day after day, for wanting to participate in a stock board discussion?
I think Yahoo needs to revisit their moderation policies, and start blocking repeat offenders by IP address rather than by screen name. Some people don't deserve to have internet access at all, much less the privilege of posting on message boards. Seriously, Yahoo...
You are a hypocrite. Did you say anything against G.W.Bushes' VP and his first name?
I am talking about #$%$-K-C-H-E-N-E-Y
what a D-(i)(c)(k) is that name that I find it offensive?
It's a whole list of names you use and others get offending. Just don't play it like a virgin.
I said a lot of things about Bush and his little Richard. However, #$%$ is a common shortening of Richard. Now, it is used to refer to male anatomy as well. But so are Jimmy and Johnson. These are, however, common names of people. N---er is a common derogatory word used to insult an entire subgroup of the population. As far as I know, it is not a common name that people give their children. Don't play ignorant.
That one guy with the monica_blew_clinton username is here once in a while, hasn't been kicked off yet, seen him since Jan. But yeah, this Sgt guy is here every morning.
Uh guys that is momo/phands.There is only one idiot and for some reason he's like s*it on an old wool blanket.
Yes, that guy has some borderline offensive user names... but, he only posts once in a while, and when he does he makes a little joke and kinda hits and runs. Sgt has a blatantly racist name that I feel is patently hateful and offensive. It is clear, also, that this is the same guy that has had to change user names time and again for harassment and obscenity. I feel they both SHOULD be banned, based on the community guidelines, but I really don't have anything against the actions or intentions of the Clinton guy. I feel the Clinton dude has probably not been reported for abuse, either, so despite the guidelines the moderators probably have little incentive to mess with him. Momo, on the other hand, makes every effort to subvert the system with the intention of violating the rules by harassing and offending folks... I know, I know, he's just a pathetic troll, and I'm feeding him by responding... but seriously...
I am not a 'fascist.' And, while in my formative years I dreamed of anarchy, I have grown up a bit and realize that we all have to live together, kinda by default, and that while everyone is entitled to their own stupid opinions, we all have to play by some set of rules. In the United States, you are entitled to free speech in public forums. There are laws that guarantee that the KKK, the Westboro Baptist church, the Tea Party, and even the god-forsaken Catholics have a right to broadcast their own personal beliefs without being molested or unduly hindered. However... If you come to my house and start talking racist trash, I'll deposit you on the curb. Try it in a courtroom, too. Stand up and tell the judge what you think of n--gers. See where you end up sleeping for the night. That's not fascist. There's a time and place for everything. This is not the time or place to flaunt your racist rhetoric, or to insult and harass folks. This is a stock discussion group, hosted by a private entity, where there is no guarantee of your freedom to express hateful opinions, hurl obscenities, or to harass folks.
Read this excerpt of the community guidelines for the message boards.
You understand that all information, data, text... are the sole responsibility of the person from whom such Content originated....
You agree to not use the Yahoo! Services to:
a. upload, post, email, transmit, or otherwise make available any Content that is unlawful, harmful, threatening, abusive, harassing, tortious, defamatory, vulgar, obscene, libelous, invasive of another's privacy, hateful, or racially, ethnically, or otherwise objectionable...
Not my rules. House rules. I choose not to associate with small minded bigots and trolls, and we should not have to put up with it here. When you sign up, you agree to the TOS. If you can't make a point without being vulgar or insulting someone, you don't have a point worth making anyway.
This sounds like a job for the NSA, and the FBI, and the SEC and the POMBP.
(ok, i made that last one up)
You're so right.
Wish someone would set up another site.
until message boards like siliconinvestor, investorvillage, ragingbull, investorhub and boardcentral get created there is nowhere else to go. ;-)
Dear soft skulls.
We are sorry to learn you will be canceling your membership.
We will be sending you double the money you spent as a refund.
If there are any other issues you would like to discuss, please call our philipino support line
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Thank you
The management
Totally agree. I've reported him/her three times in the last two days for abuse. Anybody else?
I just filtered the #$%$. I am looking for another stock forum. Maybe I should just build one myself.
Its is absolutely and completely
offensive , and should not be allowed
to happen.. Very ugly indeed...
I knew a driver that got fired for having
a little miniature noose hanging in. His truck,
but he was full blood German.... :-)
I reckon it's better to lean towards free speech than to ban everything ever considered offensive. Gets to the point where political correctness blands everything out to a tasteless soup with no substance or value.
A bit of spice only hurts the Puritans, who block most of the world from their children - which ultimately ruins their chances of having a happy life when they meet the real world.
I for one am morbidly offended by billionaires and wall street legally financially raping citizens everyday. Should we ban all their hate/greed speech? No, it helps you better understand the beasts and how to avoid their malicious traps.
Sentiment: Hold
You are absolutely correct in your assessment of how the powerful and wealthy corrupt and manipulate.
Absolutely wrong in attempting to rationalize a purely offensive and hateful handle, that was created by a loser a$$whole with the sole intention of insulting and incitement.
Thick skin? Puritans? Brittany? Get over yourself, and back on topic...Nokia.
Sentiment: Strong Buy
that is one of the reasons why google wins over yahoo.....
I consider it my civic duty to "Report Abuse" on every momo post. I struggle to imagine what this guy looks like in real life and what kind of life he leads. I mean, does he have a family? Kids? Or is he some 14 year old kid living in his parent's basement trading money he made mowing lawns. Or some hermit curmudgeon who really is making thousands, if not millions, short trading stocks.


text:
7 of 8 people found the following review helpful
Hilarious, clever and VERY entertaining!!,
Verified Purchase(What is this?)
This review is from: Wallace & Gromit: The Curse of the Were-Rabbit (2 Disc Special Edition) [DVD] [2005] (DVD)
This movie surpasses the 3 half-hour features AND "Chicken Run" which came before this too.
I never got to see the movie in the cinema, and on first viewing on DVD I absolutely loved it!!
There is fun for all ages to pick up on and enjoy...from the blatant visual humour to the more subtle wit and in-jokes. There is so much to see, and every time you watch this movie there will be something else you didn't notice before....maybe a hilarious expression on the face of a bunny in the background; or a tiny detail such as the numberplate on the van.
The extras on the DVD, showing how the movie was made, and how some of the models and sets were created is excellent viewing, and I highly recommend you watch some of those extras.
Superb and thoroughly enjoyable movie, the Oscar was well deserved!!
Review Details
Location: Norfolk, England
Top Reviewer Ranking: 12,394


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Bull terrier drunk on Stella Artois mauls boy of ten... but court spares 'good-natured' pet
- Uncle of owner's girlfriend gave Stella lager to the animal because it was panting, the court heard
A boy of ten could be scarred for life after being mauled by a dog which had been fed strong lager.
Joseph Pickering was bitten in the face by the Staffordshire bull terrier moments after a can of Stella Artois was poured down its throat because it was thirsty.
The boy ran in tears to his mother with blood pouring from the wound. He needed a skin graft to repair it.
Scarred: Joe Pickering (left) was left with a gouge above his eye after a Staffordshire Bull terrier that had been given lager attacked him. Owner James Holmes (right) told the court his dog is seeing a canine psychologist
Magistrates heard that since the attack by his next-door neighbour's pet, Joe had suffered nightmares and was terrified of dogs.
But the animal's life was spared when the court heard that it was 'good-natured' before its owner's uncle gave it the lager.
An animal behavioural expert said: 'I can't recommend the uncle be put down but I'll plead strongly on the dog's behalf.'
Joseph's mother Carolann Dickson, 43,
said: 'I think it's disgusting that the dog won't be put down after
everything we've been through.
I think it should have been destroyed because of the damage it did to Joe's face. He's got to live with that scar.
'He still gets nightmares and he won't go in his own bedroom now.
'He sleeps in ours and he has to have the light on.' The terrier, named Diesel, is owned by James Holmes, 24, of Colne, Lancashire.
Burnley magistrates were told that
the incident happened on a hot day in July after Holmes's uncle Paul
Ashworth had taken Diesel for a walk during which it was attacked by
another dog.
A friend of Holmes, Julie Hind, was sunbathing in the garden when she noticed the dog looked thirsty.
Nightmares: The boy said he suffers nightmares after being attacked by the Staffordshire Bull Terrier (file pic)
In a statement, she said: 'He was panting like mad and he was wandering around looking for shade. I said, "Take Diesel for a drink".
'Ash had a can of beer in his hand, lifted his head and poured it into his mouth. He said the beer wouldn't hurt the dog.
'The next thing, Joseph leaned over the gate and put both his hands on the dog and then I heard a snap and saw Joseph bleeding.
'I don't know whether Joseph touched Diesel's face or not, no-one really knows.
'Diesel has been brought up around children and what happened was totally out of character.
'The only explanation I can think of is that Joseph touched him where he had been bitten and that it was a roasting hot day and he'd been fed beer.'
The court heard that no criminal proceedings were launched against Ashworth or Holmes as the dog was on private property. However, a civil action for failing to keep it under control was brought by police under the Dangerous Dogs Act.
Holmes hired behavioural expert David Gilman to assess Diesel, and he recommended that the dog be spared.
Magistrate Barbara Harvey said: 'We have every sympathy for the child and his family and we know it's affected everyone involved but we've read the report and it is very clear what Mr Gilman's recommendations are.
'But if this happens again, if Diesel bites anyone, there won't be a second chance.'
After the hearing, Mr Gilman said: 'If a dog has carried out an unprovoked attack on a child I would say it should be destroyed, but the circumstances here were absolutely bizarre.
'Just like humans drinking outside in the sun it would have had effects on the dog's brain which I believe would lead to this behaviour.'
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Mobile Three Kingdoms is based on Romance of the Three Kingdoms.
[Game Features]
2. Search and hire the great hero/heroine.
3. War Novel System
4. Turmoil (Certain period of time: 3 hours per every 4 weeks)
5. Guild system (Clan System)
[Game Features]
1. Turn-Based Massive-User Strategic Simulation
One turn per 3 minutes, That's the first thing you should know.
2. Search and hire the great hero/heroine.
Hero/Heroine(s) will assist your long journey to the Emperor as friend or foe.
3. War Novel System
Your battles will be recorded as a tale by bards(artificial intelligence)
4. Turmoil (Certain period of time: 3 hours per every 4 weeks)
Intense wars will be waged to become an emperor.
After turmoil, the final winner becomes an emperor.
5. Guild system (Clan System)
We support BBS and guild.
Challenge different guilds to obtain a higher rank and become the most dominant guild of the Mobile Three Kingdoms.
Cannot attack at all. Either nation too weak or under protection. If cant attack nations weaker than 70% of my nation strength, why nation with 250% my nation strength can attack me? Always at losing end.
Great game love dynasty warriors great game manastone
Brilliant in depth strategy game Almost unlimited combination of tactics. Historical characters are explained. Awesome.
Great concept, poor programming This game tactical concept is really enjoyable once u get it. But that 18 seconds music loop in home screen that displayed most of the time is ridiculous (u need at least 1-2 mins loop). It's boring and i cant even turn it off without muting my device, those in the option doesnt work.. And novel system with poor english is also unpleasant to read, some even unnecessary filthy words.
Lost my account Since i update the game, i cant open my account again. I just bought manastone to buy hero, but now all gone. I'm going to uninstal you from my android if not fixed. Very upset.
A great game indeed!! The only downside.... Quest #11/15 Attack the Yellow Turban #100 with 1000 infantry is unachievable and is non adaptable to the players National Power.... I've wasted my retirement tries to try and meet the requirements and attack the tribe.. but, by the time you recruited those 1000 troops, your power is already over the requirement to attack the tribe....... Stupidest quest I'd encounter in all games I played.
What's New
• ANR fix
• unity Server link removed
• supported a small size display
• Android OS 6.0 support
• edit a Ad settings
- delete the bottom banner ads
- delete the Interstitial-ads after the end of war
- added Interstitial ads
attack/defense Log, write posts, write mail
- added the top banner on the BBS
buy the AdsFree, All ads will be deleted.
• added adsfree item
Kingdoms game I love it more than 1 million players. Member's cool here waiting for you commanded the army.
March today in the Great Battle of the Three Kingdoms. Collect and Command and commander in chief of the legends.
A mobile game combines tower defense, RPG strategy and heroes development.


text:
Food of the Nineties, Index
The food in this section are not STRICTLY 90s only food. We have food that were widely available for purchase DURING the 90s. This section was recently redesigned, so if you have any problems please let ChuckyG know.
Are you an 90s food expert or just totally baffled by a leftover 90s food item in your possession? We have a page for Unknown 90s Food when you can send in your pictures, or help others identify their unknown food items.
Food Items Available
There are 342 pages about food in this section. Select an index page to see the list of pages available.
Indexes: [Latest] [#][A][B][C][D][E][F][G][H][J][K][L][M][N][O][P][Q][R][S][T][U][V][W][Y][Z]
Latest Image Submissions
Click on an image to read more about the food item!
Latest Comments
Read what people have been saying about various food on the site
Fortified Oat Flakes, Comment by helen on June 30, 2016 - Report this comment
just got diagnosed with HSV1, and reading this actually made me feel like crawling and crying like a baby. The outbreak I have right now is genital and in my throat and mouth, I talked to the doctor who did the blood test on me and said over time that it would eventually get much better. She said that what I'm having is a massive outbreak and is unusual, but that it may be due to the fact that I stressed myself out over it so much. She also told me even though I have it in the genital area that It doesn't mean that I needed "private to private" contact to acquire it. But this did make me feel a whole lot better about the whole situation. For anyone else to has HSV1 after all this stress and pains am passing and the doctor saying all such of crap i was not convince by his Theory so i decided to go on the internet and saw this comments by Rose who testify about how she get cured by root and herbs by Dr Erazua, when i first bump into it i didn't believe the comments at first so i decided to confront her on Facebook and really know what and how did it work because my doctor told me there is no cure for herpes, so i really contacted DR ERAZUA, he responded in A minute the only thing he ever ask for was just the items of which he will use to prepare for the herbs, after all this he send the herbs through courier Services, within a week i was cure just like that without no struggle or stress, if you are out there in need of cure contact him with his email address,firstname.lastname@example.com
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Submit a picture of a food item we don't have a page for, or you don't recognize.
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|Interview Questions » LCBO interview questions
LCBO interview questions
LCBO interview questions LCBO interview tips LCBO interview answers LCBO interview mistakes
LCBO interview tips
LCBO interview answers
LCBO interview mistakes
LCBO interview questions for General interview:
We recommend that you don't immediately respond to the question directly. Be prepared for this question. Know the qualifications and requirements of the job and be prepared to show why you are the best match for the position. Try to include improvement activities that relate to the job.
LCBO interview questions for Face to Face interview:
LCBO interview questions for Structured job interview:
How to answer these LCBO interview questions: Be prepared to discuss in detail and with examples your five or six main attributes. Focus on positive achievements and views. In particular, avoid negative comments about past employers. The best strategy for effectively answering this tough interview question is to prepare for it. A wide variety of activities can be mentioned as positive self-improvement.
LCBO interview questions for Case job interview:
LCBO interview questions for Phone interview:
Don't feel too much pressure as you have been asked many strict questions that you are unable to answer well.
Difficult LCBO interview questions:


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Clinton Email Scandal: Latest Batch Exposes Two Big New Problems For Hillary
From Investor's Business Daily: Meanwhile, other emails show that not only did Clinton's unsecured private email system risk exposing sensitive and at times highly classified information to outsiders, it forced the State Department to compromise its own security to accommodate her. The new batch of emails was uncovered by Judicial Watch,…
State Department Disabled Security Features Blocking Clinton's Private Email
From ABC News: The previously unseen emails were released under court order to the conservative legal advocacy group, Judicial Watch, after it sued the State Department for access. The emails had been referenced in last month's report by the State Department's inspector general, which concluded Clinton's use of private email…
Clinton's server technician declines to answer court-ordered questions
From Reuters: Sullivan is overseeing a lawsuit by Judicial Watch, a conservative watchdog group suing the State Department. It is one of scores of such lawsuits filed by individuals and groups who were incorrectly told by the government that Clinton had no emails before the arrangement became publicly known in…
Clinton IT aide answered zero questions in deposition
From The Hill: "On advice of counsel, I will decline to answer your question in reliance on my rights under the Fifth Amendment to the United States Constitution," he said on 130 occasions, according to a transcript released by conservative organization Judicial Watch on Thursday.
Clinton IT aide repeatedly pleads the Fifth
From The Washington Examiner: Pagliano's deposition Wednesday was one of seven to be taken in a Freedom of Information Act lawsuit filed by conservative watchdog Judicial Watch over personnel records from Clinton's tenure. The IT aide's attorneys instructed Pagliano not to answer the most basic questions posed by Judicial Watch…
AP: Entire State Dept. Email Security Compromised Under Clinton
From the Associated Press: The emails were released under court order to the conservative legal advocacy group Judicial Watch on Wednesday. The group has sued the State Department over access to public records related to Secretary of State Hillary Clinton's time at the department between 2009 and 2013.
Hillary's secret server aide invokes Fifth Amendment ONE HUNDRED AND TWENTY FIVE times as he is questioned – and won't even discuss his resume
From Daily Mail: Pagliano wouldn't even answer questions about his resume as he gave court-ordered testimony on Wednesday in the case, brought by conservative non-profit Judicial Watch, the group said. The lawsuit seeks to determine whether Clinton and her aides intentionally set up the system to keep their communications outside…
Judicial Watch gets no answers from Clinton IT specialist
From Fox: Senior attorney reacts to Bryan Pagliano invoking the Fifth more than 125 times during deposition
Clinton's Server Tech Bryan Pagliano Takes the Fifth… 125 Times
From Breitbart: Evidently Democrats do think there should be lists of dissident Americans who aren't allowed to bring Freedom of Information Act cases because they have anti-regime political agendas, because CNN reports "Pagliano's attorneys have said their client is 'caught up in a lawsuit with an undisputed political agenda,' and that he…
Clinton Email Update: Judicial Watch Releases Former State Department IT Official Bryan Pagliano Deposition Testimony
(Washington, DC) – Judicial Watch today released the deposition transcript of former State Department IT political appointee Bryan Pagliano, who repeatedly invoked his Fifth Amendment right to not answer questions. Pagliano was the Clinton State Department IT official who reportedly provided support for the Clinton email system. The deposition transcript…
Were Clinton's email security features disabled?
Judicial Watch director of research Chris Farrell and cybersecurity analyst Morgan Wright discuss the latest on the Hillary Clinton email scandal.
Judicial Watch Releases State Department Inspector General Investigation Records Related to Hillary Clinton Emails
(Washington, DC) – Judicial Watch today announced it obtained U.S. State Department records referenced in the May 2016 State Department's Office of the Inspector General report criticizing former Secretary of State Clinton's email practices. The OIG report references the records, which include new Clinton emails, but the records were not…
Judicial Watch: Clinton IT Witness' Testimony Scheduled for Wednesday, June 22
Judicial Watch today announced that the deposition of Bryan Pagliano, the Clinton State Department IT official who reportedly provided support for the Clinton email system, is scheduled for Wednesday, June 22. U.S District Court Judge Sullivan recently ruled that Pagliano's deposition can be videotaped. The video will be kept under court seal for now, but the
EXCLUSIVE: Cryptic NY Filing Revealed Clinton Foundation Foreign Donations
Criticism of the the latest revelation concerning Clinton Foundation tax returns came from across the political spectrum.
Federal Judge Orders Videotaping of Clinton IT Witness' Testimony
"Mr. Pagliano is an important witness and we're pleased his testimony will be videotaped," stated Judicial Watch President Tom Fitton.
Clinton Email Court News
New Clinton Email Issues Emerge in Court Judicial Watch Releases More Testimony from State Department Clinton Email Witnesses Obama Touts Cuba Relations While It Still Appears on U.S Terrorist List New Clinton Email Issues Emerge in Court Some major and interesting developments occurred this week in the Clinton email…
Opinion Journal: Clinton Emails Discussed Drone Strikes
Judicial Watch President Tom Fitton on the latest developments in the Hillary Clinton private server investigation.
Judicial Watch: Court Should Not Seal Clinton IT Official Immunity Agreements
"Simply put, we need to see Pagliano's immunity agreements so our attorneys are able to prepare his questions – especially if he's going to assert his Fifth Amendment privilege," stated Tom Fitton, Judicial Watch president. "We have faced astonishing roadblocks to getting simple questions answered about the Clinton email system."
Clinton Email Update: Judicial Watch Releases Clinton Email Deposition Testimony of Karin Lang, Director, Executive Secretariat Staff
(Washington, DC) – Judicial Watch today released the deposition transcript of Karin Lang, director of executive secretariat staff and designated representative for the State Department. The Lang transcript is available here. Lang was designated by the State Department as its 30(b)(6) witness. A 30(b)(6) witness is assigned to provide the…
Clinton IT Official Confirms Immunity Agreement in Court Filing
(Washington, DC) – Judicial Watch today announced that Clinton email witness Bryan Pagliano attorneys confirm for the first time that Mr. Pagliano has "use" immunity agreements with federal prosecutors investigating the Clinton email matter. The admission comes in a court filing filed at 4:55 pm: In December 2015, Mr. Pagliano…


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It was nice to see many Father's receiving recognition from their family last Sunday. Dad's are great. I miss mine, gone since 1969. I'm proud of all the Father's in my extended family but especially near and dear to me are Bret, Antwan, Larry, Benny, Beaver, Joey, David and Gene.
- The traffic to the store is great. Folks want to get it while it is still here. As promised we are marking down per the way we always do and more. Several additional consignors contacted me this week instructing me to "mark down" their items so they would sell. I have done that.
- The countdown is now at 33. 33 more days left you can come into All Around Consignments to shop.
- Ending any type of relationship is hard and it feels like I'm ending many by changing the direction of All Around Consignments to ONLINE only. But I'll still be around for a long long time and will run into all my good buddies and friends as I'm out and about or they stop in to bring an item for me to sell for them ONLINE.
- Our priority at the store right now is to do our best to sell the regular inventory, store supplies and fixtures we have on hand. We are doing that! The look of the store is already changing.
- Thanks to so many of you who are bringing your ONLINE items for the new start-up in August.
- Do not feel bad if you no longer want to receive this weekly update from me. I understand and will take you off the mailing list as well as remove your e-mail from the store software. Just let me know.
- As I make the necessary changes to the E-commence website, it will become the primary site and I'll update it as needed. I will probably "not" send out a weekly update the way I have been doing these past five years.
- For those of you who continue to follow our ONLINE business you'll just visit the home page of allaround.shoprw.com for NEWS about what is happening with the ONLINE sales.
meeps 1 & 4; Kyndle and baby sister Sonni fascinated by what Elmo is saying and doing!
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TiHo scientists unravel genes responsible for canine hip dysplasia.
Canine hip dysplasia (CHD) plays a central role in the selection of breeding animals ever since modern dog breeding began. This inherited condition is common in all dog breeds as well as in mongrels. Researchers at the Institute for Animal Breeding and Genetics at the University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover Foundation (TiHo), has identified important genetic variants and their interrelated pathways for the pathogenesis of CHD in German Shepherds.
Canine hip dysplasia is common in all dog breeds as well as in mongrels.
Photo: vinzoun/Fotolia
The scientists genotyped more than 1000 German Shepherds and screened a large number of single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) for their association with CHD. Professor Dr. Ottmar Distl and his doctoral student Lena Fels have published their research results in the international online journal PLOS ONE (http://dx.plos.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0096618).
CHD is caused by a malformation and instability of the hip joints. The first attempts to breed against CHD started at the end of the 1960s due to the severity of this disease and its general significance for the health of dogs. The sole basis of the breeding programs was X-rays of both hip joints. Dogs with significant and severe changes were excluded from breeding. Systematic preventative programs have been established by most dog breeding associations and have become an integral part of the selection programs in purebred dog breeding.
The genetic mechanisms responsible for CHD involve the formation of cartilage and bone. The metabolic pathways show significant similarities with osteoarthritis and chondrodysplasia in humans. "Research of CHD is of fundamental importance in terms of understanding the processes that can lead to osteoarthritis in humans", says Distl, head of the Institute for Animal Breeding and Genetics at TiHo.
Dog breeding will significantly benefit from the research. "Despite the use of estimated breeding values (EBVs) for CHD, dogs affected with CHD are not uncommon and often unexpected according to the parental EBVs. This presents large problems for dog breeders. Handling of CHD-affected dogs is often difficult and dogs frequently suffer from the painful condition", says Fels. Using these new results, CHD can be prevented much more effectively. Simulation studies using real population parameters and the new approach have demonstrated its superiority over traditional methods.
The genome-wide CHD-test is now available at the Institute for Animal Breeding and Genetics at TiHo and can be provided to all breeders and owners of German Shepherds. Further details can be found on the homepage of the Institute for Animal Breeding and Genetics (www.tiho-hannover.de/kliniken-institute/institute/institut-fuer-tierzucht-und-vererbungsforschung/). Similar genome-wide tests have already been developed for Bernese Mountain dogs. The research on Bernese Mountain dogs was published in December 2012 at PLOS ONE (http://dx.plos.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0049782).
Future work by TiHo geneticists will focus on genome-wide, next-generation sequencing of dog samples. The objective is to sequence the entire genome for a large number of dogs of different breeds in order to detect polymorphisms and structural variants. This will enable us to compare CHD-affected dogs with dogs free of any signs of CHD and that show a very low risk for CHD in their progeny. "Using this approach, we will be in the position to map the CHD-associated mutations and provide new insights into the pathogenesis of CHD. As such, our research will be able to be extended to include many more different dog breeds", says Distl.
The original publication
Identification and validation of quantitative trait loci (QTL) for canine hip dysplasia (CHD) in German Shepherd Dogs
Lena Fels, Ottmar Distl
PLOS ONE, DOI: 10.137/ journal.pone.0096618
For specialised queries, please contact:
Professor Dr. Ottmar Distl
University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover
Institute for Animal Breeding and Genetics
Tel.: +49 511 953-8875
Sonja von Brethorst | idw - Informationsdienst Wissenschaft
Further reports about: > Animal > Bernese > CHD > Dogs > Genetics > Mountain > Veterinary > breeding > dysplasia > genes > genome-wide > hip > pathways > polymorphisms > selection
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OGC Press Releases
OGC Releases OpenGIS Reference Model
OGC Members Bring Interoperability to GITA Conference
OGC Calls for Participants in a Major OGC Web Services Testbed
The OGC® Introduces New ''OGC Network'' and ''OGC User''
OGC® Calls for Participation in Architecture Implementation Pilot
OGC(R) Approves Observations & Measurements Encoding Standard
The OGC(R) Announces Updated OGC Reference Model
November 17, 2008, Wayland, Massachusetts. The Open Geospatial Consortium (OGC) announced the completion and availability of Version 2.0 of the OGC Reference Model (ORM) at http://www.opengeospatial.org/standards/orm. The ORM provides a framework for the ongoing work of the OGC and a guide for those who seek to implement interoperable solutions and applications for geospatial services and data.
OGC Calls for Sponsors for Major Interoperability Testbed
Wayland, MA, June 1, 2009.The Open Geospatial Consortium (OGC®) has issued a call for sponsors of the OGC Web Services, Phase 7 (OWS-7) Testbed. OGC also seeks to establish alliances with standards bodies having technology relevant to this initiative.
OGC and iEMSs to Cooperate on Standards for Environmental Modeling
Wayland, MA, 19 January 2010. The Open Geospatial Consortium, Inc. (OGC) and the International Environmental Modeling & Software Society (iEMSs) Secretariat have signed a Memorandum of Understanding (MOU) to collaborate in standards development, education and outreach to enable and promote the use of interoperable Web based geospatial technologies in environmental modeling and software tools.


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|Publication number
|Publication type
|Application number
|Publication date
|Jan 30, 2007
|Filing date
|Nov 1, 2004
|Priority date
|Dec 2, 2003
|Fee status
|Also published as
|Publication number
|Robert Steven Marks, Levi Gheber, Rodica Ionescu
|Original Assignee
|Ben Gurion University Of The Negev, Research And Development Authority
|Export Citation
|BiBTeX, EndNote, RefMan
|Patent Citations (2), Non-Patent Citations (17), Referenced by (13), Classifications (28), Legal Events (5)
|External Links: USPTO, USPTO Assignment, Espacenet
The present invention relates to a process for introducing a three-dimensional configuration of micron to sub-micron size in an organic polymeric substrate.
Harnessing biological molecular machinery, to produce nano-scale features and devices, is an exciting avenue, an alternative approach to designing nano-machines de novo, and a scope of nano-biotechnology. Making use of high recognition specificity by various classes of biological molecules—"smart" building blocks, one can create nano-scale structures of high complexity. For example, very interesting applications have been proposed and demonstrated with DMA, showing very specific addressing and self-assembling properties as described e.g. by Seeman, N. C. J. Theor. Biol. 1982, 99, 237 and Braun, E.; Eichen, Y.; Sivan, U.; Ben-Yoseph, G. Nature 1998, 391, 775.
On another approach, Scanning Probe Microscopy (SPM) techniques have been shown very useful in creating nano-scale patterns of bio-molecules, due to their high spatial precision. Nano fountain pen (NFP) as described by Lewis, A.; Kheifetz, Y.; Shambrodt, E.; Radko, A.; Khatchatryan, E.; Sukenik, C. Appl. Phys. Lett. 1999, 75, 2689, capable of delivering minute amounts of liquids to various surfaces, has been used to print nano-scale features of photoresist as described by Hong, M. H.; Kim, K. H.; Bae, J.; Jhe, W. Appl. Phys. Lett. 2000, 77, 2604, DMA as described by Bruckbauer, A.; Ying, L. M.; Rothery, A. M.; Zhou, D. J.; Shevchuk, A. I.; Abell, C.; Korchev, Y. E.; Klenerman, D. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2002, 124, 8810, or proteins as described by Taha, H.; Marks, R. S.; Gheber, L. A.; Rousso, I.; Newman, J.; Sukenik, C.; Lewis, A. Appl. Phys. Lett. 2003, 83, 1041. Dip pen nanolithography (DPN) as described by Piner, R. D.; Zhu, J.; Xu, F.; Hong, S. H.; Mirkin, C. A. Science 1999, 283, 661, in which an Atomic Force Microscope (AFM) probe is dipped in a solution of self assembling molecules and then used to write nanometric patterns, has been used to print proteins as described e.g. by Lee, K. B.; Park, S. J.; Mirkin, C. A.; Smith, J. C.; Mrksich, M. Science 2002, 295, 1702 and Liu, G. Y.; Amro, N. A. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A, 2002, 99, 5165, polymers as described by Li, Y.; Maynor, B. W. ; Liu, J. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2001, 123, 2105 or DMA as described by Demers, L. M.; Ginger, D. S.; Park, S. J.; Li, Z.; Chung, S. W.; Mirkin, C. A. Science 2002, 296, 1836. Paper regarding protease immobilized AFM tip, S. Takeda, C. Nakamura, C. Miyamoto, N. Nakamura, M. Kageshima, H. Tokumoto, J. Miyake, NanoLetters, 3, 11, 1471-1474. Also, light-based techniques as described e.g. by Sun, S. Q.; Chong, K. S. L.; Leggett, G. J. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2002, 124, 2414 and Philipona, C.; Chevolot, Y.; Leonard, D.; Mathieu, H. J.; Sigrist, H.; Marquis-Weible, F. Bioconjugate Chem. 2001, 12, 332, using Near-field Scanning Optical Microscopy (NSOM) may be very useful to patterning with biological molecules. Here we combine biological specificity with precise positioning offered by NFP, to realize enzyme-based negative lithography (creation of depressions) at nanometer scales.
Enzymes are a very large class of biological molecules that have not yet been addressed in the context of nano-fabrication, although they present a much richer spectrum of very specific interactions than, e.g. DMA. Enzymes are "nano-chemists", able to promote chemical reactions with high specificity, efficiency and yield. Particularly, proteolytic enzymes hydrolyze peptide bonds, thereby cleaving proteins at very specific sites along the amino-acid sequence.
In light of the above there is now provided according to the present invention a process for introducing a three-dimensional configuration of micron to sub-micron size in a polymeric substrate comprising applying a catalyst for the selective removal of sub-unit parts of the polymer to at least one predetermined area of said polymer substrate via a pipette with a nano-sized orifice.
In preferred embodiments of the present invention said 3-dimensional configuration is selected from the group consisting of grooves, wells and channels.
In especially preferred embodiments of the present invention said catalyst is either an enzyme from the group consisting of hydrolases, or lyases or an organic cleavage agent specific to protein or nucleic acids films.
As indicated, the process of the present invention has wide and varied applications and thus in preferred embodiments of the present invention said substrate is selected from the group consisting of proteins, nucleic acids, di(poly)saccharides, lipids, bacterial cell walls, cell-membranes or lipid bi(multi) layers, phages, viruses and cells.
The following is a list of possible enzymes for use in the present invention:
1) Acting on Ester Bonds.
In linear amides. In cyclic amides. In linear amidines. In cyclic amidines. In nitriles.
6) Acting on Acid Anhydrides.
When working with a protein film substrate, preferred cleavage agents are selected from the group consisting of formic acid-cleaves aspartat (Asp), CNBr which cleaves at methionine (Met), hydroxylamine (NH2OH) which cleaves at asparagines (Asn), lodosobenzoic acid which cleaves at tryptophan (Trp), NTCB+Ni (2-nitro-5-thiocyanobenzoic acid) which cleaves at cystein (Cys) and DTT (dithitriethol) which cleaves disulfide (S—S) bonds.
When working with a nucleic acid film substrate, preferred cleavage agents are selected form the group consisting of metal ions and their complexes, diamine and oligoamine, polypeptides containing basic amino acid residues, EDTA-Fe+2/H2C>2, 1,10-phenanthroline-copper (Cu(phen)2 +), oxoruthenium (IV) and octahedral oxopolypyridylruthenium (IV) complexes.
The process of the present invention has many applications including
As indicated hereinbefore synthetic substrates can be used with enzymes that effect enzymatic digestion and such substrates and appropriate enzymes are set forth in Table 1 hereinafter.
Synthetic Substrates and Enzymes Therefor
Synthetic Substrates
Dextran hydrogels1
Poly(trimethylene) succinate1
Poly(lactic acid)2
Proteinase K
Superscripts 1 and 2 as set forth in the above Table refer to the following two articles in which said substrates are described:
1Claire Sumner, Steffi Krause, Andrea Sabot, Katrina Turner, Calum J. McNeil, Biosensor based on enzyme-catalysed degradation of thin polymer films, Biosensors&Bioelectmnics, 16, 709–714, (2001).
2Suming Li, Mathieu Tenon, Henri Garreau, Christian Braud, Michel Vert, Enzymatic degradation of stereocopolymers derived from L-, DL-, and meso-lactides, Polymer Degradation and Stability, 67, 85–90, (2000).
Furthermore the use of synthetic substrates allows for modulating the sites of cleavage by utilizing enzymes which are specific to specific amino acids found at predesignated cleavage sites wherein such enzymes and the amino acids that can be cleaved catalytically by said enzymes are set forth in Table 2.
Amino Acid Cleavage Sites and Enzymes Therefor
Cleavage Sites
Arginine, Lysine
Tyrosine, phenylalanine,
tryptophan, methionine, leucine
Phenylalanine, tryptophan,
Glycine, Alanine, Serine,
It is further to be realized that utilizing the process of the present invention it is possible, after cleavage, to add a further enzyme to bind a new molecule to the cleaved area.
Furthermore, an enzyme can be pre-inhibited with an inhibitor modified with a "pulling group" such as biotin, after its deposition on a surface, whereby initially no cleavage occurs and thereafter a component such as avidin is added to remove the biotin-linked inhibitor from the active site of the enzyme which can then be active to breakdown the underlying organic substrate.
The invention will now be described in connection with certain preferred embodiments with reference to the following illustrative figures so that it may be more fully understood.
With specific reference now to the figures in detail, it is stressed that the particulars shown are by way of example and for purposes of illustrative discussion of the preferred embodiments of the present invention only and are presented in the cause of providing what is believed to be the most useful and readily understood description of the principles and conceptual aspects of the invention. In this regard, no attempt is made to show structural details of the invention in more detail than is necessary for a fundamental understanding of the invention, the description taken with the drawings making apparent to those skilled in the art how the several forms of the invention may be embodied in practice.
In the drawings:
Referring more specifically now to the drawings in detail:
Trypsin, a proteolytic enzyme that cleaves on the carboxyl side of lysine and arginine residues were used to break locally a layer of Bovine Serum Albumin (BSA) protein macromolecules. BSA is a 607 amino acid protein, which contains 60 lysines and 26 arginines with the longest peptide between two adjacent cleavage sites of 20 amino acids in length; thus, a major collapse of the three dimensional structure of BSA is expected after cleavage. Substrates were prepared by dissolving O.SmM BSA (Sigma) in ultrapure Millipore water and applying 35 ul drops onto 95% ethanol flamed glass cover slips, then allowed to dry for 7 days at room temperature. Bovine trypsin, treated with L-(tosylamido-2-phenyl ethyl) chloromethyl ketone, to inhibit chemotryptic activity (TPCK-trypsin, bovine pancreas, Pierce), in an amount of 1.3 mg, was diluted in 1 ml of 0.05M sodium borate, pH=8.5 (BupH ™ Borate buffer, Pierce) and subsequently loaded in the nano-pipettes (Nanonics Ltd., Jerusalem, Israel). Trypsin was flown through a cantilevered nano-pipette to the BSA film surface, and allowed to engrave features. The process was controlled with nanometer precision by employing a SPM flat scanner, (
Round wells, with increasing diameters and depths, resulted from keeping the nano-pipette in contact with the BSA substrate for increasing periods of time.
Channels were created by moving the sample while the pipette was in contact. Their dimensions were found to depend on the diameter of the pipette aperture and on the sample velocity. Faster lateral movement and smaller aperture resulted in smaller width and depth of channels. One such channel is presented in
There are two surprising features in these experiments. One is the existence of "shoulders", protrusions above the background surface, around the wells and on both sides of the channels (
Control experiments were performed with water filled pipettes. These resulted in mounds, when the sample was held in the same position (as opposed to wells when trypsin was present in the solution), or ridges, when the sample was moved (as opposed to channels in the trypsin case). A mound created this way is shown in
Thus comparing the results of Examples 1 and 2 with the results of Example 3, one can see that indeed it is possible according to the present invention to effect the selective removal of sub-unit parts of a polymeric substrate utilizing the appropriate catalyst and this effect is diametrically opposite to that achieved when applying water, which merely results in a change of configuration as a result of swelling.
As a final demonstration of the combined effect described herein, a solution of soybean trypsin inhibitor: trypsin in a ratio of 10:1 was used. Again, the resulting features are positive volume mounds and ridges. Trypsin activity is inhibited, therefore the only effect is swelling. One can, in principle, use the inhibitor concentration as a tool to modulate trypsin activity. The existence of a specific inhibitor is obviously an additional benefit from using enzymes as etchants. This is a double specific recognition system, wherein the enzyme recognizes its substrate and the inhibitor recognizes its enzyme.
Proposed Enzymatic Mechanism
With these facts in mind, a comprehensive mechanism for the creation of the structures is postulated. Upon contact of the pipette with the sample, the trypsin solution wets the BSA substrate. The water causes an initial swelling of the BSA layer, thereby exposing lysine and arginine residues to the active trypsin sites, and allows further penetration of the trypsin solution into the BSA film. Upon cleavage into short oligo-peptides, the three dimensional structure of BSA collapses and a void is created. The process of etching is stopped by evaporation of the solution and drying of the trypsin, which then becomes inactive. The creation of depressions is the result of two competing effects, i.e. swelling (increasing positive volume) caused by the aqueous solution and etching (increasing negative volume) by the enzyme. Obviously, in the case presented, the rate of etching is higher than the rate of swelling, resulting in a net etching. The volumes of the wells, described in
Proposed Monte-Carlo Simulation
A Monte-Carlo simulation starts with a drop of trypsin solution on top of a rectangular mound of BSA (representing the initial swelling of BSA). The algorithm simulates free diffusion of trypsin within the water drop, evaporation of water molecules from the surface of the drop and collapse of BSA that is being met by a trypsin molecule. Not only does the simulation predict a roughly linear dependence of the etched volume with time, but it also provides the explanation for the "shoulders" observed in the AFM images. Due to the fact that the water molecules evaporate from the surface of the drop, its diameter decreases. Trypsin is forced towards the center of the hemisphere, thus increasing its concentration. This causes a preferential etching in areas below the center of the drop; thus, areas initially below the edges of the drop remain relatively untouched. These are the "shoulders" that are observed in the figures. A sequence of images reproduced from the computer simulation is presented in
An interesting conclusion resulting from this simplistic model is that the net effect of trypsin activity and swelling needs not always be a depression. If the trypsin etching rate is slower than the swelling rate, then no depressions are expected. Indeed, when reducing the trypsin concentration to half, the resulting features are mounds and ridges.
The above examples demonstrate, for the first time, the use of a proteolytic enzyme to etch nanometer-scale depressions in a protein surface. The process of the present invention has a great potential to create complex, three-dimensional features, by wisely choosing enzymes and substrates with predesigned cleavage sites. By taking advantage of the wide spectrum of specific enzyme-substrate interactions, one can envision possible applications such as nano-fluidics with readily functional organic or bio-organic channels and wells, creation of masks for further processing of the underlying substrate (whether biological or other), and others, with unprecedented nanometric resolution.
It will be evident to those skilled in the art that the invention is not limited to the details of the foregoing illustrative embodiments and that the present invention may be embodied in other specific forms without departing from the spirit or essential attributes thereof. The present embodiments are therefore to be considered in all respects as illustrative and not restrictive, the scope of the invention being indicated by the appended claims rather than by the foregoing description, and all changes which come within the meaning and range of equivalency of the claims are therefore intended to be embraced therein.
|Cited Patent
|Filing date
|Publication date
|Apr 19, 2001
|Jan 13, 2004
|Iowa State University Research Foundation, Inc.
|Patterned substrates and methods for nerve regeneration
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|Mirkin Chad A.
|Nanolithography methods and products therefor and produced thereby
|Braun, E., et al. "DNA-Templated Assembly and Electrode Attachment of a Conducting Silver Wire", Nature, 1998, 391, 775-778.
|Bruckbauer, A. et al., "Writing with DNA and Protein Using a Nanopipet for Controlled Delivery", J. Am Chem. Soc., 2002, 124, 8810-8811.
|Demers, L.M. et al., "Direct Patterning of Modified Oligonucleotides on Metals and Insulators by Dip-Pen Nanolithography", Science, 2002, 296, 1836-1838.
|Hong, M.H. et al., Scanning Nanolithography Using a Material-Filled Nanopipette, Appl. Phys. Lett., 2000, 77, 2604-2606.
|Kriwacki R & Siuzdak G, "Combined use of proteases and mass spectrometry in structural biology" J. Biomolecular Techniques, 1998, 9: 5-15. (attaced as a web publication, pp. 1-15; see pages 1-4, in particular).
|Lee, K. B. et al., "Protein Nanoarrays Generated by Dip-Pen Nanolithography", Science, 2002, 295, 1702-1705.
|Lewis A. et al. "Fountain pen nanochemistry: Atomic force control of chrome etching". Applied Physics Letters, 1999, 75(17): 2689-2691. entire document.
|Li, Y. et al., "Electrochemical AFM "Dip-Pen" Nanolithography", J. Am. Chem. Soc. , 2001, 123, 2105-2106.
|Liu, G.Y. et al., "Positioning Protein Molecules on Surfaces: A Nanoengineering Approach to Supramolecular Chemistry" Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 2002, 99(8), 5165-5170.
|Philipona, C. et al., "A Scanning Near-Field Optical Microscope Approach to Biomolecule Patterning", Bioconjugate Chem. , 2001, 12, 332-336.
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|Seeman, N.C., "Nucleic Acid Junctions and Lattices", J. Theor. Biol, 1982, 99, 237-247.
|Sumner, C. et al., "Biosensor based on Enzyme-Catalysed Degradation of Thin Polymer Films", Biosensors & Bioelectronics, 2001, 16, 709-714.
|Sun, S.Q. et al., "Nanoscale Molecular Patterns Fabricated by Using Scanning Near-Field Optical Lithography", J. Am. Chem. Soc., 2002, 124, 2414-2415.
|Surning, Li. et al., "Enzymatic Degradation of Stereocopolymers Derived from L-, DL- and Meso Lactides", Polymer Degradation and Stability, 2000, 67, 85-90.
|Taha, H. et al., "Protein Printing with an Atomic Force Sensing Nanofountainpen", Applied Physics Letters, 2003, 83, 1041-1043.
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|Citing Patent
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|Publication date
|Sep 6, 2011
|Seiko Epson Corporation
|Finite difference algorithm for solving lubrication equations with solute diffusion
|Jul 24, 2012
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|Aug 28, 2012
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|Judiciously retreated finite element method for solving lubrication equation
|Sep 18, 2012
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|Finite difference scheme for solving droplet evaporation lubrication equations on a time-dependent varying domain
|Oct 9, 2012
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|Finite difference algorithm for solving slender droplet evaporation with moving contact lines
|Oct 9, 2012
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|Upwind algorithm for solving lubrication equations
|Sep 30, 2010
|Jie Zhang
|Finite Element Algorithm for Solving a Fourth Order Nonlinear Lubrication Equation for Droplet Evaporation
|Jun 2, 2009
|Dec 2, 2010
|Jie Zhang
|Finite Difference Algorithm for Solving Lubrication Equations with Solute Diffusion
|Apr 21, 2011
|Jie Zhang
|Upwind Algorithm for Solving Lubrication Equations
|Jun 2, 2011
|Jie Zhang
|Finite Difference Algorithm for Solving Slender Droplet Evaporation with Moving Contact Lines
|Dec 2, 2009
|Jun 2, 2011
|Jiun-Der Yu
|Judiciously Retreated Finite Element Method for Solving Lubrication Equation
|Feb 11, 2010
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|Solving a Solute Lubrication Equation for 3D Droplet Evaporation on a Complicated OLED Bank Structure
|Mar 23, 2010
|Sep 29, 2011
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|Finite Difference Scheme for Solving Droplet Evaporation Lubrication Equations on a Time-Dependent Varying Domain
|U.S. Classification
|435/68.1, 977/898, 435/135, 977/902
|International Classification
|Cooperative Classification
|European Classification
|Jan 21, 2005
Owner name: BEN GURION UNIVERSITY OF THE NEGEV, RESEARCH AND D
Free format text: ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST;ASSIGNORS:MARKS, ROBERT;GHEBER, LEVI;IONESCU, RODICA;REEL/FRAME:015616/0743;SIGNING DATES FROM 20041208 TO 20041216
|Jul 20, 2010
|Fee payment
Year of fee payment: 4
|Sep 12, 2014
|Maintenance fee reminder mailed
|Jan 30, 2015
|Lapse for failure to pay maintenance fees
|Mar 24, 2015
|Expired due to failure to pay maintenance fee
Effective date: 20150130


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19 years of experience
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A medical license is required for a doctor to practice medicine in a particular state. Requirements vary by state but most require, at a minimum, post-graduate training in the doctor's specific specialty. An NPI number is a national identifier unique to an individual health care provider and is managed by the Center for Medicare & Medicaid Services (CMS).
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Dr. Christopher Bristow, DO is board certified in Family Medicine.
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Dr. Bristow graduated from University of North Texas, Fort Worth.
Dr. Bristow has 6 hospital affiliations:
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- Dr. Christopher W Bristow DO is a male Family Practitioner, has 19 years of experience and practices in Family Medicine.
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- Dr. Christopher Bristow has 2 office locations.
Dr. Christopher Bristow practices Family Medicine near Nacogdoches, TX.
Additional practice locations include: Pearland, TX.
See Nacogdoches Family Physicians.