text:
Bush has few regrets – choice of words is one
WASHINGTON – In a rare, reflective look back on his first term, President Bush said Thursday that he learned a lesson about "the unintended consequences of my words," recalling two famous expressions: "bring 'em on" and getting Osama bin Laden "dead or alive."
After he made the bin Laden remark at the Pentagon six days after the Sept. 11, 2001, attacks, Bush said: "I got back to the White House, and Laura said, 'What did you say that for?' Well, it was just an expression that came out. I didn't rehearse it."
Bush said his "bring 'em on" comment, directed at Iraqi insurgents who were attacking U.S. forces in July 2003, was meant "to rally the troops … some interpreted it to be defiance in the face of danger, but that certainly wasn't the case."
Bush's comments came during a wide-ranging White House interview with 15 reporters one week before his inauguration for a second term.
When Bush was asked about his biggest regret during his first term and his greatest hope for his second, he said peace was his most fervent hope, citing Iraq and the Middle East. But he deflected the first part of the question.
"I'm not a regretful person," he said. "I'm a look-forward, get-things-done type of person."
At the end of the interview, Bush was asked again about any regrets.
"One of the things I've learned is that sometimes words have consequences you don't intend to mean," he responded, leaning back in his chair in the Roosevelt Room. "The classic example was 'bring 'em on.' "
Some former military leaders had criticized the president's remark, saying it might goad Iraqis and put troops at risk. Bush's opponents often used the "dead or alive" comment against him, pointing out that bin Laden was still on the loose.
"I don't know if it's a regret, but certainly a lesson, to be mindful of what you say, to be mindful of the consequences of your words," he said. "What would you call that? Confession? Regret? A something."
Asked about many issues, Bush was most animated in defending his campaign to overhaul Social Security by allowing younger workers to set up private investment accounts using part of their payroll taxes.
"I'm only going to be here four more years," Bush said. "You can mark time or take the responsibility for making life better for the next generation."
He pledged to lay out a detailed plan in coming weeks for Social Security changes, with ways to pay for the transition costs.
Bush was upbeat and relaxed through much of the interview as he discussed an ambitious second-term agenda, but he didn't expand much on comments he's made before.
He called for making tax cuts permanent, limiting medical malpractice awards, and revamping immigration laws to help some undocumented aliens stay and work in the country.
"They would have a legal means to go back and forth (to their home country) and not sneak back and forth," said Bush, adding that the changes would help the Border Patrol deal with the real threat of smugglers and terrorists.
Bush defended his policy on the treatment and interrogation of prisoners in the war on terrorism, saying he was "concerned" about reports of abuses "that will be investigated." He said he was "adamant" in opposing any use of torture.
But he didn't say if he agreed with his White House counsel, Alberto Gonzales, who said at his congressional hearing last week to become attorney general that the president, as commander in chief, had the wartime power to override laws and order harsh interrogation, possibly even torture, in the name of national security.
"I'll have to talk to Al about that and make sure where he's coming from," Bush said.
Asked if he'd ever authorized the transfer or "rendition" of prisoners to countries that practice torture, Bush said he wouldn't answer: "This administration will not talk about intelligence-gathering matters."
On another issue, Bush said it was wrong for the Department of Education to pay conservative commentator Armstrong Williams $240,000 to promote the No Child Left Behind program.
"That was a mistake. We'll have to make sure that doesn't happen again," he said.
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text:
Last update: Thursday 3 March 2016 [99 news items]
Taiwan IC- and LCD-equipment makers post strong June sales
Jul 13, 12:12
All Ring Tech's revenues hit a monthly high in June 2010, while both Gallant Precision Machining (GPM) and Mirle Automation enjoyed sequential revenue growth of over 10% in the month,...
All Ring seeing strong orders from LED sector; revenues to hit new high in June
Jul 2, 14:53
Equipment maker All Ring Tech has estimated that revenues for June 2010 hit a record for the second consecutive month, amid strong orders particularly from LED customers.
CMI appoints personnel to strengthen relation with equipment maker Contrel
Jun 18, 16:40
An executive from Chimei Innolux (CMI) has been appointed president of Taiwan-based LCD inspection-equipment maker Contrel Technology, with the two companies expected to tighten their...
Equipment maker Mirle sees April profits soar over 300%
May 20, 15:47
Mirle Automation has reported pre-tax profits of NT$65 million (US$2 million) for April 2010, compared to NT$16 million posted a year ago. The automation equipment maker attributed...
Kenmec sees equipment orders pile up, sales from EMS unit rise
Newswatch - May 14, 16:27
Kenmec Mechanical Engineering's capacity at its automation equipment plant in Suzhou, China has been fully booked, with orders coming from AU Optronics (AUO) and Chimei Innolux (CMI)...
LCD equipment maker Contrel turns profit in 1Q10
May 3, 17:04
Contrel Technology, a Taiwan-based LCD inspection-equipment maker, swung to net profits of NT$68.42 million (US$2.18 million) in the first quarter of 2010 after suffering losses for...
Equipment maker All Ring 1Q10 profits soar
Newswatch - Apr 29, 14:41
All Ring Tech, which mainly makes equipment used in the production of LCD panels and passive components, has reported net profits of NT$42.49 million (US$1.35 million), or NT$0.69...
Equipment maker Usun looks to NT$2.5 billion revenues in 2010
Apr 23, 14:23
Taiwan-based Usun Technology, which supplies equipment for FPD and CCL production as well as automation systems, expects its revenues to top NT$2.5 billion (US$79.62 million) in 2010,...
LCD equipment spending to rise 89% in 2010, says DisplaySearch
Apr 22, 10:45
Spending on TFT LCD manufacturing equipment is expected to surge from the recession-induced low of US$7.0 billion in 2009 to US$13.2 billion this year, according to DisplaySearch...
Equipment makers Mirle, Csun report profits for 1Q10
Apr 20, 16:31
Taiwan-based equipment makers Mirle Automation and Csun Manufacturing have reported pre-tax profits of NT$98 million (US$3 million) and NT$88.16 million, respectively, for the first...
All Ring says 2Q10 revenues to grow sequentially
Apr 6, 16:14
All Ring Tech, which makes equipment used in the production of LCD panels, passive components as well as IC packaging, expects revenues for the second quarter to be higher than the...
Applied says 2010 revenues to grow over 60%
Mar 31, 13:54
Applied Materials has said it now expects fiscal 2010 net sales to be more than 60% higher than in fiscal 2009, compared to its previous forecast of up more than 50%. The fab-tool...
Kenmec, Mirle look to touch-panel applications to drive revenue growth in 2010
Mar 25, 16:10
Flat-panel display (FPD) equipment specialists Kenmec Mechanical Engineering and Mirle Automation have both stepped into making bonding equipment for the production of touch panels,...
Roller coaster ride continues in LCD panel and equipment sales, says The Information Network
Mar 18, 14:03
TFT-LCD equipment, which grew 28% in 2008, dropped 16% in 2009, according to The Information Network.
Applied upbeat on chip and display outlook; to work closer with Asia customers
Newswatch - Mar 12, 17:01
Capital spending in the semiconductor industry is expected to reach US$21-23 billion in 2010, up from around US$13 million in 2009, according to Mike Splinter, chairman and chief...
Taiwan to lose 30,000 jobs if panel makers move LCD fabs to China, says legislator
Mar 12, 15:51
A legislator in Taiwan has questioned the government move to give LCD panel makers the green light to set up 5G and lower-generation plants in China, warning it may result in massive...
Applied to beef up display, solar equipment production in Taiwan
Mar 11, 16:30
Applied Materials has announced the opening of its newly-expanded Tainan Manufacturing Center, Taiwan. The nearly 15,000-square meter facility will enhance Applied's capability to...
Taiwan IC- and LCD-equipment makers post mixed February 2010 results
Mar 11, 12:28
Csun Manufacturing and Gallant Precision Machining (GPM) managed sequential revenue growth in February 2010, while All Ring Tech and Mirle Automation both saw revenues drop from January...
Kenmec board of directors approves EMS business spin-off
Mar 10, 15:55
Kenmec Mechanical Engineering, which specializes in industrial automation equipment, has announced plans to spin off its EMS unit have been approved by its board of directors.
LCD equipment makers post mixed January 2010 results
Feb 12, 10:26
Kenmec Mechanical Engineering and Mirle Automation have both reported sequential revenue growth for January 2010, as customers expand capacity. However, All Ring Tech and Csun Manufacturing...
LCD equipment supplier Kenmec sets ambitious revenue goal for 2010
Feb 9, 16:57
FPD (flat panel display) equipment maker Kenmec Mechanical Engineering has set its 2010 consolidated revenues target at NT$20 billion (US$623 million). The figure represents a significant...
PVI planning color, flexible, touchscreen, and video EPDs, reveals chairman
Feb 5, 16:50
Besides color and flexible EPDs (electrophoretic displays), Prime View International (PVI) also plans to introduce touch-capable EPDs and EPDs that support animation in 2010, according...
LCD equipment maker Kenmec to raise NT$915 million in capital
Jan 26, 16:42
Chip-manufacturing automation tool maker Kenmec Mechanical Engineering, which also makes production equipment for the FPD and solar-module sectors, has announced the price of its...
LCD equipment maker Favite swings to losses in 2009
Jan 25, 16:54
Taiwan-based Favite, which mainly makes automatic optical inspection (AOI) and measurement machines for flat panel display (FPD) and touch panel production, has reported net losses...
Taiwan LCD equipment makers cut prices to win orders
Newswatch - Jan 18, 17:15
Taiwan-based LCD equipment makers have reportedly slashed prices by 20-30% in a move to grab orders from panel customers, according to industry sources, although the sources did not...
Japan chip-gear sales to grow 38% in FY 2010, says SEAJ
Jan 13, 14:18
Sales of Japan-made semiconductor and flat-panel display (FPD) equipment are forecast to reach 1.12 trillion yen (US$12.3 billion) in fiscal year 2010, up 37.7% from 813 billion yen...
All Ring expects more than 50% sequential growth in 4Q09 revenues
Dec 18, 15:33
All Ring Tech, which mainly makes equipment used in the production of LCD panels and passive components, has estimated fourth-quarter 2009 revenues to grow more than 50% sequentially...
Taiwan IT equipment industry to grow through 2014, says ITIS
Nov 27, 16:43
The production value of Taiwan's overall machinery industry is estimated to drop over 30% to NT$531.5 billion (US$16.43 billion) in 2009, but will return to a growth track in 2010...
All Ring sees LCD equipment order visibility through 2Q10
Nov 25, 15:10
With a rebound in demand in the LCD panel industry, equipment maker All Ring Tech has seen its order visibility extend to the second quarter of 2010, according to market watchers...
CMO-Innolux merger to revamp supply chain, say Taiwan equipment makers
Nov 16, 16:26
With the upstream industry becoming more consolidated, the trend is expected to vertically integrate their supply chain, according to Taiwan-based LCD equipment makers, which have...
Taiwan LCD equipment self-sufficiency estimated at 60% in 2009
Newswatch - Nov 11, 17:08
Taiwan's self-sufficiency for flat panel display (FPD) equipment is estimated to reach 60% in 2009, and is poised to grow over the next five years, according to the Industrial Development...
Spirox strengthens cooperation with Tektronix
Nov 6, 15:05
Taiwan-based high-tech equipment and service solutions provider Spirox has expanded its cooperation with Tektronix by adding more of Tektronix' products such as oscilloscopes to its...
LCD equipment supplier Mirle says order visibility extended into 2Q10
Oct 22, 15:10
Flat-panel display (FPD) equipment specialist Mirle Automation has secured orders worth NT$2.8 billion (US$86.8 million), and seen its order visibility extend to the second quarter...
Taiwan LCD equipment suppliers on fund-raising sprees
Oct 14, 16:55
Three Taiwan-based LCD equipment specialists – Csun Manufacturing, Kenmec Mechanical Engineering and Usun Technology – have all begun fund-raising projects to finance...
LCD equipment maker GPM says demand pick up
Oct 8, 15:45
Taiwan-based Gallant Precision Machining (GPM) has seen a pick-up in demand from the flat panel display (FPD) sector, and expects the positive business outlook to last for two or...
China market: Subor Electronics teams up with AMD to develop VR gaming chip, says report
Bits + chips | 7h 24min ago
TCL sees smartphone shipments decline nearly 13% on year in May
Mobile + telecom | 8h ago
Digitimes Research: Samsung Display AMOLED panel shipments to increase to 560 million units in 2019
Displays | 8h 17min ago
Commentary: Samsung Display to continue dominating AMOLED market until 2H17
Displays | 8h 20min ago
IC design houses allocating 28/40nm orders to UMC, SMIC
Before Going to Press | 8h 12min ago
Fingerprint sensor startup raises nearly NT$200 million
Before Going to Press | 8h 26min ago
China market: Foxconn plans to resume retail deployment
Before Going to Press | 8h 32min ago
Qualcomm aims to roll out 5G SoC solutions in 2018-2019
Before Going to Press | 8h 35min ago
SAS not seeing rebound in China market
Before Going to Press | 8h 36min ago
Arcadyan Technology to deal out 2015 dividend of NT$1.60
Before Going to Press | 8h 40min ago
LTE Cat-M1, LTE Cat-NB1 to become mainstream IoT technology, says Qualcomm at MWC Shanghai 2016
Before Going to Press | 8h 41min ago
Hiwin Technologies to deal out 2015 dividend of NT$2.30
Before Going to Press | 8h 42min ago
Wafer Works to not deal out 2015 dividend
Before Going to Press | 8h 43min ago
InterServ International to not deal out 2015 dividend
Before Going to Press | 8h 44min ago
Egis fingerprint sensor adopted by Samsung
Before Going to Press | 8h 45min ago
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- Releases
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28-Jun-2016 markets closed
|TSE electronic
|OTC electronic
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- Taiwan's largest airline cancels flights as staff set to strike (Jun 23) - Reuters
- Brexit: UK votes to leave EU in historic referendum (Jun 24) - BBC News
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The gaming notebook competition: Q&A with Jone Chang from Gigabyte notebook department
Gaming notebooks have become the main focus of Gigabyte Technology's notebook department and despite...
Powering the cloud: Intel embraces new identity
The next wave of computing is now beginning to define the IT industry, where the boundaries of computing...
A new cycle begins for desktop motherboards: Q&A with Gigabyte technical marketing manager, Leon Chen
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IoT, Big Data and biological sciences: Q&A with Dassault Systemes president Bernard Charles
Dassault Systemes, a European multinational software company that develops 3D design, 3D engineering,...
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Taiwan-based companies have a long and successful history of involvement in the supply chain for mobile devices, which for the purposes of this article consist...
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The year 2011 saw the motherboard industry reverse its trend of declining shipments year-on-year, to post a slight 0.2% growth. This upturn in fortunes was expected...
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The notebook industry in 2010 experienced several major events that significantly changed the industry's ecosystem for the year and the industry is also believed...
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Growth of the global LCD TV market was not as strong as expected in 2010 as the market continued to feel the aftershocks of the economic recession that had hit...
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As of 2013, the 10 ASEAN nations had a total of over 700 million mobile subscriptions, with the CAGR from 2003-2013 reaching 24%. This Digitimes Research Special Report analyzes the various mobile broadband markets in ASEAN and looks at the respective trends in 4G LTE development for those markets.
- 2015 global tablet demand forecast
This Digitimes Research Special Report provides a 2015 forecast for the global tablet market and analyzes the strategies of key market players such as Google, Apple, Intel, and Microsoft.
- 2015 China smartphone panel trend forecast
This Digitimes Research Special Report analyzes the strategies of key China-based major panel makers BOE, Tianma and IVO for attacking the different market segments through technology and pricing, and their relationship to local vendors Huawei, Lenovo, ZTE, Xiaomi and Coolpad.

subset: commoncrawl


text:
Maya Angelou: A Multi-Hyphenated Life
By Gigabiting on May 30, 2014
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Author-poet-teacher-filmmaker-actor-activist-cookbook author Yes, cookbook author.It's really not so surprising. Food is art, communication, nourishment, connection. It touches the soul, is a
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Keith Urban Is Special Honoree at 2010 ACM Awards
Keith Urban is announced as 2010 recipient of Jim Reeves International Award at the 45th Annual Academy of Country Music Awards. The country music crooner is handed with the special honor for his efforts in spreading country music internationally.
77-year-old Mel Tillis and late Marty Robbins are also given special award. They receive Cliffie Stone Pioneer Award for their early contributions to country music. Poet's Award, an honor presented to songwriters, is handed to Don Schlitz and late Cindy Walker.
Another special award is given to Scott Cooper-directed movie "Crazy Heart". The film, starring Jeff Bridges, Maggie Gyllenhaal and Colin Farrell among other, earns Tex Ritter Award because it features country music.
2010 ACM Awards will take place on April 18 at the MGM Grand Garden Arena in Las Vegas. Kenny Chesney, Carrie Underwood, Lady Antebellum, Jason Aldean, Brooks & Dunn, Tim McGraw, Blake Shelton and Trace Adkins are booked to sing at the gig. Host Reba McEntire will also take the stage for a live performance.
This year, the nomination list of Academy of Country Music Awards is dominated by Lady Antebellum. The band grab seven nods, including Top Vocal Group of the Year and Album of the Year. Other artists who opt to receive multiple nominations include Miranda Lambert, Taylor Swift, Zac Brown Band and Brad Paisley.
- Steven Tyler Confirms Aerosmith's 2017 Farewell Tour
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- Taylor Swift Flies to U.K. to Meet Tom Hiddleston's Mom. See Picture of Their Happy Outing
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text:
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Do you have any Paranormal abilities . . . ?
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It started with the buddha being born as a prince among princes and how he then went to the forest to meditate sending his hair and clothes back to his parents as a sign that he was not going to be a prince. Then it said that probably he didn't get rail thin and that 2500 year old stories get lost in the telling.
And then it moved to karma, a brief and almost (to me) too simple talk about how our karma comes back to us. That we may see someone suffering greatly but we don't see the past karmas that caused the suffering. That everything in our lives is karmically caused. I have a lot of arguments about karma in my head and I guess it was a beginner talk.
He also talked about having just seen a documentary of Robert Kennedy and how he was with a family and asked them what they were having for dinner and they said we have no dinner and how Kennedy went home and looked at his family that had not only dinner but a nice tablecloth and a cook and a maid. He didn't draw a conclusion about this that I can remember. He was probably making a point about karma and how we don't know when we have good karma, we don't realise.
The deal of having moved to karma as a topic was the thinker.
He talked about interdependence and how we depend on each other and how we need to be responsible for ourselves and not cause ourselves suffering and to help others because that is how we help ourselves. He said the motivation for helping others is the selfish motivation to help yourself.
Good karma based on selfish self interest....(interpretation)
After, we talked, and he said it was something that I was healthy and it is. I was sick for a long time.
Today, I fired the irritating pastor service the hopital has!
So if all good acts are motivated ultimately by self-interest . . . so why are selfish people bad?
George B
they are not bad... it's just missunderstood.
Selfish people are passionate. And passionate people Tap unto the "force" of the universe.
"society" the bigest baddest mass mind raping weapon ever created. call selfish people a plague...
To control people all you have to do is let a parasite idea get in their subcouncious and from that moment you can do wahtever you wish of those people mind.
the most popular parasite is GOD!
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Researchers Just Found A Huge Underground Helium Pool In Africa
Strike On Power Grid Could Cripple America For A Decade
Pot Smoking Church Makes Debut In Michigan
Google Plans to Control Public Transit…
Secret Govt Warehouses Set For Health Catastrophes…
EU Wants to Redefine Robots as "Electronic Persons"
Senate Agrees on "DARK Act" GMO Labeling Bill
NY Couple Loses $25k Because Their Bank Doesn't Keep Records
U.N. Vehicles, Mysterious Troop Movement Spotted In VA, NC, W.VA, Ohio
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Brexit Is Really a Vote Against Washington Control Over Europe
Copyright Office Pushing Dangerous And Ridiculous Plan To Strip Websites Of DMCA Safe Harbors
FEMA Contractor Predicts 'Social Unrest' Caused by 395% Food Price Spikes
Congressional Bill Would Expose CIA Relationship With Hollywood
Former Federal Reserve Chairman Warns Of Imminent Financial Crisis
NASA to test fire world's most powerful rocket booster headed for Mars
Bilderberg Documents Leaked! – Iraq War Plan Exposed!
Obama's DNA is guarded by US NAVY stewards. What about the rest of his "family"?
Human intelligence is declining according to Stanford geneticist
UN Military MRAPs Being Hauled On Flatbeds In Virginia
Mythical Tomb of Osiris Discovered in Egypt
How Do You Explain THIS Mandela Effect/CERN Connection??
Republicans Finally Stand Up to Obama, Put Forth a Tax Reform Bill
Oregon DMV says they can't issue driver's license for non-binary individual
EYEWITNESS: UN TROOPS IN TEXAS: "30 UN Vehicles Fully Loaded With Combat Prepared Troops"
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The Spiral Road (1962)
Dr. Anton Drager: Dr. Jensen?
Dr. Brits Jansen: Who did you expect, Robinson Crusoe?
Dr. Anton Drager: I don't give a damn whether you think I'm suited to this work or not.
Dr. Brits Jansen: Well said. Well said. There's hope for you yet.
Dr. Brits Jansen: [to Dr. Drager] I'll bunk in with you. I snore like an elephant but that's your problem.
Dr. Brits Jansen: I take it you don't believe in God.
Dr. Anton Drager: Frankly, no.
Dr. Brits Jansen: All I need is a half bottle of gin and a ton of breakfast.
Dr. Anton Drager: Do you believe in witchcraft and all that nonsense?
Willem Wattereus: Yes, because it exists. And because I believe in the strength of the human spirit.
Els: You don't need me, do you?
Dr. Anton Drager: I never said that.
Els: But you believe it.


text:
Against Me!'s Laura Jane Grace Blasts Arcade Fire's 'We Exist' Music Video
Laura Jane Grace is not a fan of Arcade Fire's "We Exist" music video. The singer criticizes Win Butler and Co.'s decision to hire "The Amazing Spider-Man 2" actor Andrew Garfield to star as a transgender in the visuals.
"Dear Arcade Fire, maybe when making a video for a song called 'We Exist' you should get an actual 'trans' actor instead of Spider-Man?" the member of punk band Against Me! tweeted on Thursday, May 22.
Grace, born Tom Gabel, came out as a transgender back in 2012. She becomes the focus of "Transgender Dysphoria Blues", Against Me!'s latest album which was released earlier this year.
Arcade Fire has yet commented on Grace's criticism. The Montreal-based rockers dropped their "We Exist" music video last week. It sees Garfield transforming himself into a blond-haired woman who later gets beaten up by some men at a bar before hitting the stage with the band at Coachella.
The track appears in the group's latest chart-topping album, "Reflektor". Butler has explained that the song is about a son who's trying to tell his father that he's gay.
- 'Ghostbusters' Cast Show Off the New Gadgets in Latest Featurette
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- Lady GaGa and Taylor Kinney's Wedding Plan Reportedly Shelved Because of This
- Taylor Swift and Tom Hiddleston Make Out in Rome, Fans Say Their Romance Is 'Staged'
- Watch James Van Der Beek Channel Diplo to Promote Mad Decent Block Party
- Jessica Simpson Reportedly Hires 'Homely' Nannies Because She Fears Her Husband Will Cheat on Her
- Your Favorite 'Nashville' Stars Are Returning for Season 5. Find Out Which Ones


text:
|← Previous - dox
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Definition of doy
- to imply stupidity, slow to understand, obtuseness
I left the baby on top of the car and drove off - doy.
Last edited on Jul 24 2010. Submitted by Pete B. from Denver, CO, USA on Dec 08 2005.
- replaces the word shit as in "No-doy".
Last edited on Jul 24 2010. Submitted by Pete B. from Denver, CO, USA on Dec 08 2005.
|Add a definition for this slang term
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None. How about some random words?
|Definitions include: a promiscuous female; "slut".
|Definitions include: derisive term for a mean or unkind person; "jerk".
|Definitions include: extremely big.
|Definitions include: to masturbate.
|Definitions include: underwear.
|Definitions include: an attractive female who is likely an actress, model, whatever
|Definitions include: good.
|Definitions include: Acronym for "My Thoughts Exactly".
|Definitions include: a competition employed to determine the ownership of an object when ownership is in dispute.
|Definitions include: to snort powder cocaine.
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This class module wraps all the complicated functionality involved in using ini files. You can read/write entire sections of the INI file at once. (Originally posted May 14, 1999.)
Latest VB ActiveX Articles - Page 3
A Simple Stack Class
This simple stack class module can be dropped into any project and used straight away. The default items in the stack are variants, but can be changed to use and variable / object type. (Originally posted January 7, 2000.)
AddIn - ObjectDev. A Class Building Addin
This is an excellent VB6 (5?) addin replacement for the Microsoft Class builder utility. Supports Implemented Interfaces classes and all VB DataTypes. (Originally posted July 30, 2000.)
Cards32.DLL - A Library of Card Bitmaps / Functions for VB
This excellent ActiveX DLL contains a library of Card routines and the associated Bitmaps for them - all in a nice easy to use interface - a compiled help file is also available. (Originally posted November 18, 2000.)
How to Register / UnRegister ActiveX Components through Code
This project shows how to use the Win32 API to register and unregister ActiveX Components. (Originally posted May 14, 1999.)
Latest Developer VideosMore...
Latest CodeGuru Developer Columns
Comparing the stdio and iostream C++ Libraries
It's essential to know the differences in these libraries and use them correctly. This brief tutorial will guide you.
Beginning C#: Boolean Logic
Learn the logic behind making Boolean choices.
Communication Using UDP and Visual Basic
Learn how to create a Visual Basic UDP (User Datagram Protocol) program.
The Value of APIs
Application Programming Interfaces (APIs) are where you have to be. It's not a matter of if as much as a matter of which.


text:
business rule engineAbbreviated as BRE, business rule engine is the term used to describe software used to track, manage and revise enterprise business processes. This software system typically executes business rules that might be derived from legal regulations or in-house corporate policies. BREs can be used alone or in conjunction with other technologies, like Business Process Management (BPM).
Stay up to date on the latest developments in Internet terminology with a free weekly newsletter from Webopedia. Join to subscribe now.
Webopedia's student apps roundup will help you to better organize your class schedule and stay on top of assignments and homework. Read More »List of Free Shorten URL Services
A URL shortener is a way to make a long Web address shorter. Try this list of free services. Read More »Top 10 Tech Terms of 2015
The most popular Webopedia definitions of 2015. Read More »
The Open System Interconnection (OSI) model defines a networking framework to implement protocols in seven layers. Use this handy guide to compare... Read More »Computer Architecture Study Guide
Webopedia's computer architecture study guide is an introduction to system design basics. It describes parts of a computer system and their... Read More »What Are Network Topologies?
Network Topology refers to layout of a network. How different nodes in a network are connected to each other and how they communicate is... Read More »


text:
Tuesday, January 21, 2014
WALLA WALLA Fifth Congressional District Rep. Cathy McMorris Rodgers today opened a new office to serve her Walla Walla-area constituents.
"We are thrilled to announce the grand opening of our new Walla Walla office," McMorris Rodgers said of the new location at 26 E. Main St., Suite 2. "While we have had an office in Walla Walla for many years, we're excited to welcome everyone in the community to our new office location.
"I invite everyone to stop by, share their opinions, and let us know what we can do to help."
The Walla Walla district office is managed by Deputy District Director Cathy Schaeffer, who can be contacted at 509-529-9358.
In addition to the Walla Walla office, McMorris Rodgers has offices in Spokane and Colville.
The 5th Congressional District also includes Ferry and part of Okanogan counties.
More like this story
Latest stories
- 800 (2016-266 June 15, 22, 29, July 6, 13, 20) SUPERIOR COURT OF THE STATE OF WASHINGTON,
- 800 (2016-296 June 29, July 6) NOTICE OF PUBLIC HEARING
- 800 (2016-300 June 29) Okanogan County Notice of Final Decision
- 800 (2016-293 June 29) Okanogan County Public Works
- 800 (2016-301 June 29) Okanogan County Notice of Final Decision
- 800 (2016-302 June 29) Notice of Public Hearing Code Amendment 2015-1 Revised Zone Code OCC 17A
- 800 (2016-303 June 29) Notice of Public Hearing
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- 800 (2016-306 June 29) Okanogan County Notice of Final Decision
- 810 (2016-285 June 22, 29) City of Oroville
Latest video:
2016 Molson Mid-Summer Festival
Here's a clip of the annual Molson Mid-Summer Festival, June 18, 2016. Chronicle video by Brock Hires. Enlarge


text:
Just create a new account—we'll guide you to the flip side.
Hi there! Thanks for visiting PokéCommunity. We're a group of Pokémon fans dedicated to providing the best place on the Internet for discussing ideas and sharing fan-made content. Welcome! We're glad you're here.
In order to join our community we need you to create an account with us. Doing so will allow you to make posts, submit and view fan art and fan fiction, download fan-made games, and much more. It's quick and easy; just click here and follow the instructions.
What would you possibly want to do that for? Debugging purposes? Surely there are better ways...
You'll have put the dump code in the wrong place. Marshal.dump(@battlers[0]) will work somewhere in PokeBattle_Battle and that's about it. Also, you can't really use that line all by itself - you'll need to open a file to dump it into - check other dumping for examples.
Hi, you've done an amazing work with your online implementation in Pokémon Essentials.
Do you think you will find time to finish it? I'm really interested in it.
Thanks for reading.
Alexandre glat to meet, i send you a prive message
Alright I made an update to my code, it can now support 3D models (I still need to make a model loader) I also converted from DirectX to openGL but now it does not render anything, do you think you can look at the code for me?
https://rapidshare.com/files/3310677258/XP3D.zip it's the complete source (written in c++) + dll.
Thanks I'm working on projections now then I'll start adding blocks and model support.
Hey, I got my dll working!
I only need to add 3D graphics too it, but what do you think of my progress?
Alright its fine.
Do you have the d3dx9 header files for Visual Studio? I can't seem to install the SDK : /
Alright thanks, my only problem was I can't get it to work I do still have my progress if you wanted to look at it.
Yeah I know about dlls but I meant to render opengl through a dll. (Unless this is what you did say yes for.)
Ok, i also think the pokeds is more fantastic :D Cant wait :D
yes, but also in any project too.
would you know if it's possible to render opengl through a dll, I'm only asking as you know at least something about c (or c++).
Hello will you be still working on Pokemon Essentials Online?
I was wondering if you would be able to help me with a server for my game. I will tell you all of the details if you want to help.


text:
Interestingly, a new twist on an alternative revenue generator has emerged: the democratized digital tip jar. Sites like Wikipedia have employed an online tip jar for years in the form of regular requests for donations from its users via PayPal, credit/debit cards, and other payment methods. But now a major player in the digital donations space-Flattr-is partnering with AdBlock Plus to offer Flattr Plus, a browser extension/app that enables users to remove online ads from sites they visit while also contributing a monthly payment in an amount they choose that will be distributed proportionally to publishers of the sites they surf.
Aug 31, 2010
Open Text Corp. released a set of products and services, called the Open Text ECM Suite, designed to enterprise IT groups manage large numbers of Microsoft SharePoint 2010 sites from creation through archiving. Burnstand, joining Open Text after a recent acquisition, will head the newly released consulting services. Products in this new suite of services include Open Text Content Lifecycle Management and Open Text Case Management Framework, both updated for compatibility with SharePoint 2010 and capable of helping IT departments take over unmanaged SharePoint 2010 deployments.
Open Text is an ECM software developer in operation for 2 decades. The organization serves 100 million users in 114 countries.


text:
Elliott Carter
Plays: 4067
Three Latin Motets from The Last Supper: II. Pange Lingua (2000)
Harrison Birtwistle
Plays: 3193
Andrzej Panufnik
Plays: 3372
The Gospel According to the Other Mary: Act II, Scene III "Daughters of Jerusalem"
John Adams
Plays: 3014
Dr. Futurity (2012-2013): 2nd mvmt
Bernd Richard Deutsch
Plays: 1495
Search Catalogue
Mark-Anthony TurnageMambo, Blues and Tarantella (2007)
Plays: 4195
concerto for violin and orchestra
II. Blues (excerpt)
Vladimir Jurowski, conductor / Christian Tetzlaff, violin / London Philharmonic Orchestra
© 2012 London Philharmonic Orchestra LPO-0066
Click here to purchase this album from the London Philharmonic Orchestra.


text:
at the Farm
Fri, Sat, & Sun
9am - 5pm
Always Call first: 410-857-0111
No U-Pick Sweet Cherries or Sour Cherries this year...the crop froze in spring during blossom time.
Baugher's Restaurant & Fruit Market * 289 W. Main Street * Westminster, MD 21158
Baugher's Orchards, Farm Market & Pick Your Own * 1015 Baugher Road * Westminster, MD 21158
|Sign Up for Our Email Newsletter
Like Baugher's on Facebook
Click on the Apple Man below:
The Orchard Market is open 7 days a week late April until Thanksgiving.
April: 10 a.m.- 4 p.m.
May thru October: 8 a.m.- 6 p.m.
November 9 a.m.- 5 p.m.
For Fruit Picking Days & Hours, visit our Pick-Your-Own page.
Our Orchard & Farm Market is located three miles west of Westminster, Maryland, on the corner of Maryland Highway 140 and Baugher Road. Look for the Apple Man sign, drive up the hill on Baugher Road and follow signs to our parking lots.
U-Pick Peaches & Plums: Friday, Saturday, & Sunday 9am - 5pm Wagon rides out to the orchard are $1.00. Pick from clean, well-kept orchards...a guide will give you information when arriving at the orchard. Containers provided to pick in & take your fruit home in as well. Peaches are $1.79 lb. Plums are $2.99 lb.
Baugher's Orchard and Farm Market has over 600 acres of fruits, vegetables, and activities!
Check out our Special Activities on our News & Events page.
Please do not bring your pets to the orchard.


text:
1. Scientists develop bio-ink for 3D printing with stem cells a) Researchers at the University of Bristol have developed a new kind of bio-ink,... ...http://www.pagalguy.com/articles/daily-current-affairs-28th-june-2016-tuesday-44643351
There is a lot of buzz around 'Sultan', which is all set to release in the first week of July. With names such as Salman Khan and Anushka Sharma a... ...http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/hindi/bollywood/news/Rustoms-trailer-will-be-showcased-with-Sultan/articleshow/52968914.cms
Here's news for Akshay Kumar fans to cherish. The excitement of the trailer release of his upcoming movie 'Rustom' is trending high on Twitter... ...http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/hindi/bollywood/news/2DaysToRustomTrailer-trending-high/articleshow/52951836.cms
World Posted at: Jun 27, 2016, 7:05 PM; last updated: Jun 27, 2016, 7:10 PM (IST) Also in this section A bank employee counts... ...http://www.tribuneindia.com/news/world/brexit-vote-hits-pound-markets-political-crisis-deepens/257731.html
PRWeb 2016-06-26 Agency earns a total of 79 Lions and 122 shortlists at the advertising industry's premiere award show Cannes, France (PRWEB)... ...http://www.bizwireexpress.com/showstoryPRWeb.php?storyid=527936


text:
John Lewis 55JL9000 webOS TV in the house: Getting up close to the own-brand set
What is HDR, what TVs support HDR, and what HDR content can I watch?
What is 4K HDR and how will it change your TV?
Announcing the 13th Pocket-lint Gadget Awards
Sony XD9405 4K TV review: The 75-inch UHD wonder
- What is HDR, what TVs support HDR, and what HDR content can I watch?
- Sony XD9405 4K TV review: The 75-inch UHD wonder
- Samsung 4K HDR TV choices for 2016: KS9000, KS8000, KS7500 and KS7000 compared
- Philips AmbiLux PUS8901 review: Projector-laden 4K TV is mad, but brilliant
- Samsung KS7000 SUHD TV review: Serious performance for the price
- Samsung Galaxy Note 7 vs Note 5 vs Note 4: What's the rumoured difference?
- Best smartphones 2016: The best phones available to buy today
- Bang & Olufsen Beoplay H5 earphones show that wireless and class can go together
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- Samsung Galaxy Note 7: Release date, rumours and everything you need to know
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- Windows 10 Anniversary Update release date confirmed, 2 August
- What is the Now TV Combo, how much does it cost and when can I get it?
- Volkswagen Tiguan first drive: All grown up


text: Style Pick: Norse Projects Iver Gloves Style : Accessories By Ben Bowers VIA Further Reading Deals of Note: Save on Sony Earbuds, the Perfect Beach Shirt & More Stunning Vintage Italian Steels Bike You Can Buy Right Now How to Look Your Best on Your Honeymoon 10 Smart Nonfiction Beach Reads for Your Holiday Weekend This Running Shoe is Going to Win the Olympics Norse Projects teamed up with Swedish glove specialist Hestra to create a unique, double-layered design, which makes each pair essentially two gloves in one. The outside is crafted from soft deerskin in classic tan brown (shown above), yellow or black colorways, while the removable inner soft wool glove provides additional comfort and insulation. $87 | NorseProjects.com


text:
4618 Old Redwood Highway , Santa Rosa, CA 95403
1800 Mendocino Avenue , Santa Rosa, CA 95401
3333 Cleveland Avenue , Santa Rosa, CA 95403
525 4th Street Suite 2 , Santa Rosa, CA 95401
Serving Santa Rosa and Neighboring Areas
4323 Montgomery Drive , Santa Rosa, CA 95405
138 Calistoga Road , Santa Rosa, CA 95409
523 4th St , Santa Rosa, CA 95401
96 Old Courthouse Square , Santa Rosa, CA 95404
2265 Cleveland Avenue , Santa Rosa, CA 95403
Perfect coffee for tasteful croissant especially in a rainy mornings. The coffee was good and the place was very comfortable and...
Say hello to my newest coffee discovery in town. Yeah, itÂs good as what youÂre thinking right now. Great Affogato. A bit...
Scallop Sashimi is new to me so I tried it here. I love its unique taste and I had a good experience here. Generous portion in...
©2016 Cox Search, Inc. All rights reserved. Data provided in part by Localeze and Valpak.


text:
UPDATE, 2 p.m.: The stickers are already gone.
Nate Swain, the artist who gave us the Lego wall, gives voice to that feeling everybody has when they walk past those sculpture things by the water.
Photo courtesy Nate Swain.
UPDATE, 2 p.m.: The stickers are already gone.
Nate Swain, the artist who gave us the Lego wall, gives voice to that feeling everybody has when they walk past those sculpture things by the water.
Photo courtesy Nate Swain.
Firefighters are at Haymarket. Expect delays.
Becky watched workers installing colored panels on the side of the Congress Street bridge yesterday: Read more.
The Supreme Judicial Court ruled today that a lawyer fired from a downtown firm will get to make her case to a jury that she was terminated because of her gender. A lower-court judge had dismissed Kamee Verdrager's lawsuit against Mintz, Levin, Cohn, Ferris, Glovsky and Popeo, but the state's highest court today reinstated the gender-discrimination parts of the case. Read more.
The Orange Line wilted around 6 a.m. when a train headed towards Forest Hills began to smoke at State Street.
Some light-saber action on the Common last night.
Via Boston Reddit.
Maria M watched the scene unfold outside the Old State House yesterday.
Copyright Maria M. Posted in the Universal Hub pool on Flickr.
Dunkin' Donuts truck - think the driver can resist the lure of Storrow Drive?
A proposal to enclose the Northern Avenue Bridge and turn it into a year-round botanical garden was among the top entrants in a competition to help the city figure out what to do with the bridge after it's floated to East Boston and repaired. Read more.
Boston Firefighters are at Harbor Towers, 85 East India Row, for a gas leak on the 26th floor. Firefighters reported the leak capped around 12:35 p.m.
Switch problems at Park Street mean "moderate" delays for people heading into town on the Green Line, the T reports.
In a drive by around 10:45 p.m. on Broad Street at Franklin, Crime Hub reports.
ItalianInBoston was startled last night to notice the swinging seats on the Greenway near the North End were just gone. Read more.
A concerned citizen complains about the pedestrian crossing where Cambridge Street turns into Tremont downtown:
The walk signal here is chirping birds. The problem is that there are nests of real birds above the Center3Plaza signage. A walker can't differentiate between the chirping signal and the real birds. Someone's gonna get killed here.
Boston City Councilor Sal LaMattina says he sometimes gets frustrated with the otherwise beautiful view from Piers Park in East Boston: He can see the Seaport in South Boston, but knows the only way to get there by public transportation is via three subway lines and a bus. Read more.
This morning, Paul Nutting watched workers move Ben Franklin from the sidewalk he plunged to the other day outside Old City Hall to a truck that would whisk him away for some repairs. Read more.
As BPS students and parents protested program cuts near the Bill Russell statue, a smaller group of Nigerian expats and Nigerian-Americans were holding a protest of their own a bit closer to the Government Center T stop.
The new Godfrey Hotel in Downtown Crossing had to send representatives to the Boston Licensing Board today to explain why a hotel guest was standing outside with a drink in his hand early one morning last month. Read more.
David Bates reports a number of residents at Millennium Place have put their condos up for sale so they can move into the even swankier Millennium Tower down the street.
Boston Reddit reports on the demise of the statue of Ben Franklin in front of Old City Hall during yesterday's winds.
Often problematically labeled as "Brutalist" architecture, the concrete buildings that transformed Boston during 1960s and...
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In this vivid account of one of Boston's best-loved paintings, leading American art specialist Erica E. Hirshler illuminates...
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Taking over their father's downtown Boston clothing store in1890, Edward and Lincoln Filene developed it into the world's...
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Regarded as the "World's Largest Specialty Store," William Filene's Sons Company, founded in 1870, brought fashion and...
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Settled in 1630 by English Puritans seeking religious freedom, Boston has always been a city prone to significant and...
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Fifty years ago, the Central Artery snaked its way through Boston, destroying century-old neighborhoods and bustling commercial...
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Few events can be said to have changed the face of Boston forever. Eventually destroying 775 buildings and causing millions of...
24"x18" photographic print.
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The story of the Orange Line is the story of Boston: always in flux but trailed by its long history. Since 1901, this rail...
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text:
Welcome to Law Enforcement Against Prohibition
She helped women give up their children, and she's furious
LEAP speaker Carol Ruth Silver talks about how even minor drug infractions can lead to personal and community devastation. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=wQ-AhPG3XfM
Why won't Congress listen to the eight countries that minimize overdose deaths?
LEAP speaker Howard Wooldridge tells The Real News how the Swiss and seven other countries are using supervised injection facilities to save the lives and restore hope to even the most powerfully addicted people. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=7GkdvmlANgI
Jack Cole at the NYC Cannabis Parade
LEAP co-founder Jack Cole shares his chilling history as an undercover narc as he reveals the destructive history of the drug war. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=MbxI6QcM33s
She had to set child abusers free while pot users remained in jail
LEAP speaker and former federal jailer Regina Hufnagel bore direct witness to the inequities, futility, and racism of the War on Drugs while her federal prison released child abusers and kept pot users inside. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=PMie8OSOuR4
LEAP takes on The Waters of March
Be enchanted and inspired by our unique interpretation of the Brazilian classic, the Waters of March. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=k-BSxM0V12w
She helped women give up their children, and she's furious1
Why won't Congress listen to the eight countries that minimize overdose deaths?2
Jack Cole at the NYC Cannabis Parade3
She had to set child abusers free while pot users remained in jail4
LEAP takes on The Waters of March5
Upcoming LEAP Events
- Four Freedoms Democratic Club: Joanne Naughton
June 29, 2016
This is a general meeting for the club and we have invited speakers both in favor and against the legalization of the marijuana. Kevin Sabet from Smart Approaches to Marijuana will speak against legalization. This event is open to the public.
- Non Partisan Liberty For All radio: Dean Becker
July 12, 2016
Non Partisan Liberty For All – http://nonpartisanlibertyforall.com/ This interview is live, time listed is Central.
- Hilliard Rotary Club: Tim Johnson
July 14, 2016
This event is NOT open to the public.
- Healthy Options: Jeff Kaufman
August 3, 2016
WERU 89.9 & 99.9 "Healthy Options" – https://weru.org/program/healthy-options This interview is live, time listed is Eastern.
- Worthington AM Rotary: Tim Johnson
September 16, 2016
This event is open to the public with a $10 fee for breakfast.
LEAP Blog
- Press Release: Pro-Drug Policy Reform Police Officer Wins Free Speech Case
April 21, 2016
DRUG POLICY REFORM POLICE OFFICER WINS FREE SPEECH CASEVictoria Police Department Ordered to Pay Highest-Ever Award for Injury to Dignity in a Political Belief Case in CanadaVictoria, B.C., Canada – L …
- Press Release: FLORIDA PASSES SWEEPING CIVIL ASSET FORFEITURE REFORM
April 1, 2016
Contact: Mikayla Hellwich firstname.lastname@example.com 240.461.3066 FLORIDA PASSES SWEEPING CIVIL ASSET FORFEITURE REFORMGov. Scott Signs After Unanimous Biparti …
- Press Release: SCOTUS VOTES 6-2, REJECTS HEARING NE, OK LAWSUIT AGAINST CO MARIJUANA LEGALIZATION LAW
March 21, 2016
Mikayla firstname.lastname@example.com SCOTUS VOTES 6-2, REJECTS HEARING NE, OK LAWSUIT AGAINST CO MARIJUANA LEGALIZATION LAWWashington, D.C. – Today, the U.S. Supreme Court denied a request to hea …
- Press Release: FORMER AG HOLDER DECLARES SUPPORT FOR RESCHEDULING
February 25, 2016
Contact: Mikayla Hellwich For Immediate Release:firstname.lastname@example.com Thursday, February 25, 20 …
- Press Release: DOJ Suspends Asset Forfeiture Equitable Sharing
December 23, 2015
Contact: Mikayla Hellwich email@example.com 240.461.3066DOJ SUSPENDS ASSET FORFEITURE EQUITABLE SHA …


text:
Texas Home Depot patron teaches driver of double-parked...
Cowboys Dancehall, up for foreclosure, files for bankruptcy
San Antonio stepmom gets 99 years in prison in brutal child...
Tim Duncan decides to exercise player option for 2016-17
Graphic 911 calls capture the moments before Fort Bend mom...
Orlando Magic hire Chad Forcier as lead assistant
2 mothers, 4 children from Bay Area die in fiery van crash on I-5
BCSO investigating apparent suicide at the Bexar County Jail
California woman allegedly drunkenly drove one mile with dead...
SAPD: Teen girl lured man to West Side motel for paid sex as...
Monthly Archive for September, 2005
The Monkeys are coming!
The apes are in control. Planet of the Apes coming to comics. Check this out over on the Pulse. …
What's a poor boy to do?
Usually I would give a complete run down of Thursday night's D&D session. But as you know. My DM is playing rock star and there was no game last night. So, what did I do? …
When geek worlds collide
This is enough to make my eyes turn inwards with joy. …
From the Mouth of the Man
I have found that weekly piece can be amusing. Mr. Joe speaking back to the fans. Bheck it here …
I'll show you mine if you show me yours
It is about time we got to this. We should have gone over it a lot sooner. …
It is going to be a long month
I can already feel the trepidation setting in. Beginning today and for the entire month of October, while our DM and his band is on tour, our weekly D&D game is in suspension. …
Boring title
Holy Filk! Holy sweet jumping Father of all that is good, I just spent XX on comic books today. I have, on this day, crossed my second threshold. Tape on my glasses and XX dollars out of my account …
It had to happen
I can't deny it baby, I am a tool Today I have crossed the line and there is no question to my geekness. I am a geek extraordinaire. …
Who's Who
Here are a couple of absolute brilliant lists of comic book writers and artists that I have ever been able to find. …
Death & Dying and new issues next week
OK, well it sure has been a big day for comic news. I have not yet even told of the sad tale of, The Death of Finnis. (quickly, as you finished that sentence think of Wagners "Siegfried" and his …


text:
Austal submitted its final Phase II Joint High Speed Vessel (JHSV) submission to the US Navy this week following a design and review process. Austal was one of three bidders awarded a Phase I contract in January and it is anticipated that a single Phase II contract will be awarded in late 2008 for the construction of up to ten ships.
The Austal JHSV Team's low risk, technology solution is comprised of Austal , Austal Ships () and General Dynamics Advanced Information Systems (GDAIS). This team is able to provide design and construction experience of commercially based high speed vessels in the and the integration of military computing environments.
The JHSV program is a joint effort between the Army and Navy to acquire high-speed vessels for the two branches of the military. JHSV will be used for fast intra-theatre transportation of troops, military vehicles and equipment.
Maritime Today
The Maritime Industry's original and most viewed E-News Service
BigLift Shipping said it has ordered a third Happy S-type vessel. The new build vessel, to be named Happy Sun, will be identical to BigLift's Happy Star and will
The Baltic Exchange's main sea freight index, tracking rates for ships carrying dry bulk commodities, rose on Monday for a fourth straight session as higher demand
The Expanded Panama Canal is now officially open for business.
During the official inauguration ceremony, Panamanian President Juan Carlos Varela and Panama Canal Administrator and CEO Jorge L.


text:
|Publication number
|Publication type
|Application number
|Publication date
|Aug 5, 2008
|Filing date
|May 6, 2004
|Priority date
|Jan 31, 2000
|Fee status
|Also published as
|Publication number
|Roy H. Hammerstedt, Allen T. Phillips
|Original Assignee
|The Penn State Research Foundation
|Export Citation
|BiBTeX, EndNote, RefMan
|Patent Citations (24), Referenced by (5), Classifications (29), Legal Events (4)
|External Links: USPTO, USPTO Assignment, Espacenet
This application is based on priority Provisional Application Ser. No. 60/179,164, filed Jan. 31, 2000.
1. Field of the Invention
This invention relates to analyte enclosures to be used in conjunction with sensing devices. In particular, this invention relates to evaluation of the contents of a sealed primary container by means of an integral sensor which is separated from the contents of the sealed primary container yet provides information on quality of the contents of the primary container without breaking the sealed system.
2. Description of the Related Art
The background for this invention is presented in the context of human blood cells, because of their great societal importance and especially because of limitations of current procedures used for their storage. However, the invention could have been presented in a context of food storage and processing, production of valuable molecules by biofermentation, or industrial processing such as electroplating or acid/base treatment of products.
Typically, blood is obtained from donors and fractionated into components including erythrocytes, platelets, lymphocytes, and plasma. Erythrocytes and platelets are separately packaged as "units", which then are held at appropriate temperature and distributed for later transfusion into patients. Each unit is aseptically placed into a previously sterilized plastic bag and sealed therein. Despite careful attention to aseptic processing, there is a probability that a given unit of blood cells will be contaminated with microbes.
With erythrocytes, current FDA regulations limit use to within 24 days after collection in an effort to minimize risk to patients from infusion of a contaminated unit of cells. Often endotoxins rather than the bacteria per se cause the problem with erythrocytes. With platelets, there is similar concern about microbial contamination, but their use is limited to 5 days because of metabolic self-damage. A recent review (Blajchmann, 1999) noted that 1 in ˜2,500 units of platelets and 1 in ˜38,500 units of erythrocytes was contaminated with bacteria. A New Zealand study reported that 1 of 65,000 individuals will get very sick after transfusion of erythrocytes and 1 of 104,000 will die because of one specific organism. Data from other countries, including the USA, provide both higher and lower risk factors, but there is substantial hazard associated with use of erythrocytes and especially platelets (Lee, 1999).
Currently there is no acceptable method to determine if a unit of blood is contaminated just before transfusion of the contents into a patient. This is because sampling the contents requires opening the bag, with resultant risk of introducing contamination, and evaluation of the sample acquired. Because a laboratory setting is required, it is difficult or impossible to make a "use" or "non-use" decision in a few minutes. Clearly, a diagnostic method or device to allow a use or non-use decision without opening the unit of blood would have great utility if it had a very high probability of giving the correct conclusion.
A device and method of the present invention allows evaluation of the contents of a sealed primary container by means of an integral sensor which is separated from the contents of the sealed primary container yet provides information on quality of the contents of the primary container without breaking the sealed system. The integral sensor device includes a biosensor retained within a plastic construct by a gated-pore membrane. Pores in the membrane open in response to an environmental change in the primary container allowing the contents of the primary container to contact the biosensor. Status of the contents of the primary container can be determined by inspection of the biosensor, visually or via a fiber-optic probe, through the optical window of the plastic construct.
Primary container—In this disclosure, we use the term "primary container" in a broad sense, to include any container for cells, foods, or industrial materials.
Integral sensor—In this disclosure, we use the term "integral sensor" to designate one of many devices as disclosed herein. An "integral sensor" typically is incorporated into a primary container, prior to sterilization if appropriate, and separates a biosensor (see below) from the contents of the sealed primary container yet provides information on quality of the contents of the container without breaking the sealed system.
Gated-pore membrane—In this disclosure, we use the term "gated-pore membrane" in a broad sense, to include any separation barrier containing one or more pores which have been occluded as taught in U.S. Pat. No. 5,261,870, pending patents, or other procedures. Such a separation barrier has one or more pores which initially are closed, but which will open in response to a change in the local environment to an extent sufficient to allow passage of ions or molecules, as appropriate. The occluding material might erode, dissolve, or change three-dimensional form, depending on design of the gated-pore membrane.
Gate—In this disclosure, we use the term "gate" in reference to one or more pores through a separation barrier. The gate is "closed" if the pore is occluded to prevent passage of ions or molecules. The gate is "open" if the occluding material has eroded, dissolved or changed three-dimensional form sufficiently to allow passage of one or more species of selected ions or molecules.
Sensor compartment—In this disclosure, we use the term "sensor compartment" in reference to a component of an integral sensor, with said component formed in part from a gated-pore membrane and in part from a plastic construct. The sensor compartment contains and positions a biosensor where it can become accessable to ions, molecules, or cells entering from the primary container and also positions that biosensor where it can be interrogated in a consistent manner through a special optical window or, alternatively, through a portion of the primary container.
Biosensor—In this disclosure, we use the term "biosensor" in reference to a component of a device, with said component designed to respond to a molecular change(s) in the local environment in a known and consistent manner with a response or signal that can be detected or measured using procedures known to those skilled in the art. The change in local environment, or microenvironment, might be ionic, molecular or cellular in nature.
Receptor—In this disclosure, we use the term "receptor" in reference to any detector molecule, either synthetic or natural in origin, or antibody incorporated into a biosensor. A receptor has reasonable affinity and specificity for one or more "ligands" (see below).
Ligand—In this disclosure, we use the term "ligand" in reference to a specific ion(s), molecule(s), or cell(s) accumulating or disappearing within a primary container over time. Accumulation of ligand within the primary container will result in a change in the proportion of unoccupied receptor to ligand-receptor complexes, and a change in characteristics the of a biosensor.
The present invention consists of devices and methods which allow evaluation of the contents of a sealed primary container by means of an integral sensor which is separated from the contents of the sealed primary container yet provides information on quality of the contents of the primary container without breaking the sealed system. The integral sensor device might be a hollow cylinder or a shallow construct. One end or face of the device is a gated-pore membrane whose pores normally are occluded, by one of many approaches, forming one end of a sensor compartment, containing a biosensor appropriate for the task, with the other end of the sensor compartment formed by an optical window recessed in from the end opposite to the gated-pore membrane or formed by a wall of the primary container. Typically, the integral sensor device is fabricated separately from the primary container and incorporated into the primary container during final fabrication, before sterilization. Certain embodiments of the device are therefore capable of aseptic operation. The status of the contents of a primary container for blood cells, other cells, foods, or industrial products can be determined by inspection, visually or via a fiber-optic probe through the optical window of a plastic construct incorporated into said primary container at fabrication, of the biosensor retained within said plastic construct by a gated-pore membrane, the pores in which opened in response to an environmental change in said primary container allowing the contents of said primary container to contact and cause a change in said biosensor. In one embodiment, after the cell suspension or product is placed into the container, the gated-pore membrane opens and allows continuous exposure of the biosensor, within the sensor compartment, to the contents of the primary container. Changes within the primary container affect the signal from the biosensor, which can be quantified at any instant in time by viewing the optical window of the device with an appropriate sensor, as above, providing a measure of quality without opening the primary container. In another embodiment, after the cell suspension or product is placed into the container, the gated-pore membrane remains closed until a predetermined change occurs within the primary container which causes the gated-pore membrane to open allowing fluid to enter the sensor compartment and contact the biosensor, which then responds with an appropriate signal. Changes in the primary container that can be detected include, but are not limited to, a decrease or increase in pH away from a threshold value or accumulation of one or more members of a preselected class of molecules, including toxins produced by bacteria, above a threshold value. A great range in utility is possible because, depending on the device and method, both the material(s) occluding the gated-pore membrane and material(s) forming the biosensor can be varied independently or in combination. Hence, a predetermined change in contents of the primary container can be evidenced by opening of the gated-pore membrane and/or a change in the signal from the biosensor. A number of other embodiments or uses would be obvious to one skilled in the art, and the examples herein illustrate but do not set the limits of this invention.
An ideal test should detect one bacterium in the presence of 10,000 platelets, with a low false positive (contaminated) rate, and be reliable regardless of the species of contaminant, simple in complexity, completed in minutes, and low in cost. This might be unattainable, but can be approached by combining emerging technologies in a novel manner. For example, it is known that bacteria can be collected on surfaces using synthetic materials (Hogt et al., 1983; Mackenzie and Rivera-Calderon, 1985; Barrett, 1988; Barth et al., 1989) or biomaterials (Abraham, et al., 1983; Kuusela et al., 1985; Vercellotti et al., 1985; Speziale et al., 1986; Herrmann et al., 1988). Incorporation of such materials into a gated-pore membrane or biosensor, as disclosed herein, should enhance the probability of detecting such organisms.
Conventional membranes with pores of known size (e.g., 0.1 or 3.0 m nominal diameter) can be fabricated into special gated-pore membranes, and then fabricated into a container or other device (U.S. Pat. No. 5,261,870). The gated-pore membrane can provide a closed container which opens only when predefined conditions are met, and the material occluding or otherwise closing the pores is altered so that the gates previously blocking passage of molecules through the pores is opened. An almost infinite combination of membranes, pore diameters, and occluding materials is envisioned in U.S. Pat. No. 5,261,870 and other disclosures. Importantly, the conditions on one side of the gated-pore membrane and not mechanical, electrical or other interventions, determine when the pores open and allow passage of molecules through the membrane into the sensor compartment.
Biosensors can be designed to respond to many molecular changes in the environment. The color change of a pH indicator in response to proton concentration or certain dipsticks to glucose concentration are two common and simple examples. Biosensors sensitive to one or another molecular stimulus can be incorporated into beads or micro-beads, and frequently can be designed to change color or emit light of a given wavelength when exposed to light of an appropriate wavelength (i.e., fluorescence). These or other changes can be monitored with a variety of detectors, ranging from the human eye to fiberoptic electronic devices with a digital readout.
Obviously, if a gated-pore membrane, with appropriate properties, served to seal an appropriate biosensor within an otherwise impervious container, the gated-pore membrane would: (a) retain the biosensor in place; and (b) determine when, if ever, the biosensor received the stimulus driving the response. Such a device could be a plastic cylinder, series of concentric cylinders, shallow construct, or of any other shape so long as it positioned the biosensor in a manner conveniently accessible to the detection device. If desirable, the device might include a clear optical window, through which a separate detector could view the biosensor, but would have opaque walls to minimize stray light from falling on the sensor or detector. Although not necessary, frequently, it would be desirable to have the optical window, and the sensor compartment, located more than 1 cm from the open end of the construct (the end opposite from that with the gated-pore membrane). Alternatively, a portion of the wall of the primary container can serve as the optical window to view a biosensor contained in a shallow construct.
In one embodiment, the gated-pore membrane is fabricated using an occluding polymer such as methylcellulose, or other polymers or mixtures taught in U.S. Pat. No. 5,261,870 with the intent that the pores would remain occluded until a cell suspension had been placed into the primary container incorporating the device. At a predetermined interval (e.g., 5 to 15 minutes) after water contacted the gated-pore membrane, the occluding material would erode or dissolve, the gates open, and free exchange of molecules across the membrane would occur by diffusion and other forces. The biosensor then would start to sample the contents of the primary container, limited only by diffusion within the sensor compartment, diffusion across the gated-pore membrane, and correctness of the sampling site of the external face of the gated-pore membrane. Occasional or continuous movement of the primary container or its contents might facilitate accurate sampling. Changes in the biosensor might be detected visually or via a fiberoptic probe and appropriate instrumentation. In this embodiment, the biosensor provides specificity for detection of molecular changes within the primary container, and the gated-pore membrane retains the biosensor and prevents premature sampling.
In another embodiment, the gated-pore membrane is fabricated with a special occluding material selected to respond to a specific stimulus and not the mere presence of water. An incomplete list of materials which might be used to occlude the pores in membranes used for this embodiment is provided below. This stimulus opening the gated-pores might be a decline in pH within the primary container, possibly caused by normal cellular metabolism or especially that of contaminating microbes, or accumulation of a secreted bacterial toxin. In this embodiment, the gated-pore membrane remains closed after the cell suspension or product is placed into the container and opens only if and when the triggering stimulus occurs. At that time, the gated-pores open allowing water to pass through the membrane and into the detector compartment, carrying along whatever ions or molecules that might be in the water. The sensor would change from contact with water, for example from a green to a white color discernable by the human eye, or in response to specific molecules or ions entering the detector chamber with the water. In the case of a simple color change in such a pH-sensitive device incorporated into a bag of erythrocytes, visual inspection for a green rather than a white color before use might be sufficient to preclude a decreased pH associated with microbial contamination.
In these or other embodiments, it is not essential that the material occluding the gated-pore membrane completely block the pores or micropores through the membrane, so long as the molecules to which the biosensor responds cannot gain access through the membrane to the biosensor.
Utility of such devices is defined by the combination of membrane stock plus materials plugging the pores to form the gated-pore membrane, precision or repeatability in opening of the occluded pores, nature of the biosensor, and sensitivity of the detector plus biosensor to detect the monitored event. Depending on the application, the magnitude of the change to trigger a detected response can be adjusted either via the occluding material or the biosensor. In all cases, response of the detector is not dependent on mechanical or electrical forces, although readout might require an instrument. With appropriate instrumentation, signals in a remote or isolated area can be detected.
Membrane Stock Materials
Membrane stock used to form the gated-pore membrane can be any of those commercially available, e.g., fibril membranes with a "haystack" structure, microporous membranes with a "sponge-like" structure, and track-etched or capillary-pore membranes with a "tunnel" structure. Although others have used membranes, either preformed or formed in place, to position biosensors against a fiberoptic or other detector, gated-pore membranes have not been used for this purpose. Gated-pore membranes for this application could be prepared using microporous membrane stock. However, characteristics unique to capillary-pore membrane stock frequently make this the material of choice to form gated-pore membranes for use in biosensor detectors as described herein. Alternatively, one might use a stock membrane which incorporates the ability to change in response to pH (Maeda et al., 1984; Kinoshita et al., 1994).
Materials to Occlude Pores in Membrane Stock
Materials to occlude preformed pores in a stock membrane and, thereby, form a gated-pore membrane, might be selected from members of the classes listed below, but these are illustrative and not inclusive. A generic resultant gated-pore membrane is illustrated in
Understanding of a biosensor is facilitated by analogy to classic receptor-ligand interactions, where in respect to this invention the term "receptor" is any detector molecule, either synthetic or natural in origin, or antibody bound on a solid substrate, termed the biosensor, and the term "ligand" is a specific ion(s), molecule(s), or cell(s) accumulating or disappearing within a primary container over time. The receptor has reasonable affinity and specificity for the ligand. Accumulation of ligand within the primary container will result in a change in the proportion of unoccupied receptor to ligand-receptor complexes. Appropriate selection of the ligand and receptor molecules allows detection of this change in ratio of unoccupied vs. occupied receptors by an altered spectroscopic property from either of the separate ligand or receptor molecules or their complexes. Alternatively, a signal moiety might be conjugated to the receptor and provide amplified evidence of the status as unoccupied or occupied. If appropriate, the change in ratio of unoccupied vs occupied receptors might be amplified by a property intrinsic to the solid substrate.
There is no limit to biosensors appropriate for this device, insofar as they undergo a change in signal character, upon exposure to the change in microenvironment to be detected, which can be detected or measured by any form of spectroscopy (e.g., luminescence, fluorescence, absorbance, infrared, magnetic, light scatter, etc.). In certain cases, the material or cells stored can provide the requisite signal. However, use of special biosensors increases the nature of changes that can be monitored. Many of the potentially useful biosensors have been used for other applications, but none has been positioned in a viewable compartment formed in part by a gated-pore membrane initiating access of the molecules, ions or bacteria to be detected and formed in part by an optical window allowing detection of the signal resulting from the biosensor. Biosensors often contain two active elements; namely, the detector material(s) and the signal material(s), which frequently are combined within a combination molecule.
Although we use plastic beads as the example solid substrate, this invention is not limited in this respect. The solid substrate can have any three-dimensional shape; include impervious or permeable materials; include smooth, microporous or complex surfaces; etc. This patent is not limited by the nature or shape of the solid substrate. Similarly, this invention is not limited by the method used to attach the detector molecules to the solid substrate.
Detector molecules can be attached to the surface of the biosensor (e.g., plastic or glass bead) by simple adsorption, direct covalent attachment, or via an affinity tag (Anonymous 1999a, 1999b; Nolan et al., 1999; Song and Swanson, 1999). Alternatively, the solid surface might be pre-coated with lipids and then lipophilic ligand-detector molecules partitioned therein (Nolan et al., 1999). If not in a combination molecule with the detector material, the signal material must respond to the change in status of the detector material (occupied vs unoccupied) and the change in the signal must be a change in a characteristic absorption or emission property within the electromagnetic spectrum. An absorbance or fluorescent signal is most common.
Any biosensor appropriate for this application is considered as under the scope of this invention, recognizing that in some instances the biosensor might be patented. In this discussion we will consider a bead-shaped biosensor, but all shapes are claimed. Appropriate concepts for biosensors might be considered in several classes (shown schematically in
Assuming incorporation of a fluorescent moiety (e.g., a fluorescent-protein biosensor; Giuliano and Taylor, 1998), flow cytometry is common (microsphere analyte analysis; Morgan et al., 1996; McHugh, 1994; Nolan et al., 1999; Anonymous 1999c, 1999d). Flow cytometry of biosensors has been used to quantify protease, phospholipid antibodies, and water-soluble toxins (St. Piere et al., 1996; U.S. Pat. No. 5,605,809; Laakel et al., 1996; Song et al., 1998). Other materials have been analyzed in solution, but could be used in a solid-phase assay (e.g., zinc and related cations or nucleic acids; Goodwin and Berg, 1996; Tyagi and Kramer, 1996). The other common approach to interrogate the biosensor is via a fiberoptic probe (various shapes, including microspheres; as above).
Detection of a change intrinsic to the contents of a container or via a special biosensor (e.g., with a fluorescent reporter) requires an optical probe (Maroze et al., 1999), either an integral and fixed fiberoptic probe or a separate and removable fiberoptic probe. A fiberoptic probe integral to the container to be analyzed might read an inherent spectral property of materials within the bag. Alternatively, an integral fiberoptic probe might indirectly monitor changes in internal contents via reading a change in an optical property of a biosensor element when the material of interest reaches an appropriate concentration in the immediate environment of the biosensor.
In known devices, the biosensor is immobilized by covalent bonding to the face of the fiberoptic bundle or the biosensor is restrained close to the fiberoptic bundle with a perm-selective membrane. Such systems have been used to monitor anions, cations, biomass, glucose, lactic acid, NAD(P)H, O2, CO2 and pH (Agayn and Walt, 1993; Kar and Arnold, 1995; Marose et al., 1998; Spichiger-Keller, 1997; Tartakovsky et al., 1996; Urbano et al., 1984; Vaccari et al., 1994; Weigl et al., 1994; Xu et al., 1998). These approaches cannot be used with a closed container.
Hitherto, the only option for a closed container was to position a removable fiberoptic probe against an optical window in the primary container to gather information from the materials within the container. However, information gathering has been limited to spectral properties inherent to the materials within the container (e.g., light scatter from biomass, fluorescent properties of metabolites such as NAD(P)H; Cavinato, et al., 1990).
A device to interrogate changes in a closed primary container logically might include an immobilized biosensor, sampling a specific attribute of the contents of said closed primary container, with said biosensor protected in a separate closed sub-container within said device, with said biosensor retained in front of an optical window, with said optical window accessible to a removable fiberoptic detector without opening either said primary container or said sub-container, and with said device capable of facile incorporation into said primary container at the time of manufacture before sterilization. Solution of this hitherto unattainable goal is the subject of this invention. This is achieved by combination of existing technology on gated-pore membranes; bioactive polymers, proteins or lipid films; and biosensors in a novel manner and adding flexibility offered by new materials and configurations in novel devices. Clearly, several elements are combined in a novel manner to provide such devices.
In addition to the devices disclosed herein, uses of the functional elements within the described devices differ from uses in the prior art in several ways. Uses disclosed herein are not obvious extensions of the prior art.
These novel elements include:
The Examples illustrate how biosensors, as above, can be positioned in front of an optical window, accessible to a removable fiber-optic detector, while protected in a separate closed sub-container within the primary container. They are illustrative of the many uses of the invention, although the invention encompasses other biosensors, other membranes with open pores or gated-pores, other configurations, and other combinations of functional elements in the device. Examples of devices include reference to welding of a gated-pore membrane to a plastic construct. The invention is not limited by the plastic(s) used to form the device. The preferred welding process will depend on the plastic used to fabricate the construct, and the invention includes any method to assemble the device or incorporate it into the primary container, such as ultrasonic and radio-frequency welding, or other methods known to those skilled in the art. Examples illustrate the variety of materials that can be used to form gated-pore membranes or serve as biosensors, in one or more types of devices, and the invention is not limited in respect to specific compositions or analytes.
While examples provided illustrate detection of "unwanted agents", the principles disclosed also can be used to detect or measure accumulation of materials deemed to be beneficial to the system. An example would be signaling production of growth factors, a product of commercial value, by cells within a primary chamber.
The following list describes the FIGS. in greater detail:
A simple device (
Another device (
A third device (
Capability of a device as in
A series of beads of known FITC content (Quantum 25-#825; Flow Cytometry Standards Corp) was purchased, and 0.05 ml of each suspension were placed in a device as in
Beads suitable for use as an "optical bench" were prepared by covalent attachment of dextran (#1820; Molecular Probes) containing both FITC and lysine to 10 micrometer diameter carboxylate beads (Polysciences, Inc), using standard carbodiimide coupling chemistry. This provided an immobilized fluorophore, known by those versed in the art to be responsive to pH through the FITC function and suitable for analysis of pH. Localization of the FITC at a sufficient distance from the bead surface, by means of the dextran, eliminated problems related to the well-known surface effects on fluorescence. The biosensor cavity was filled with the bead suspension (505), and the membrane (504) attached. Beads were allowed to settle onto the optical window (512). The filled cylindrical construct then was placed into a phosphate buffered saline solution with pH and temperature (21.5�0.5 C.) monitored using a standard laboratory meter. Acid or base was added to change the pH, and fluorescence intensity was measured after allowing 30-60 minutes for equilibration. Resulting data (
Samples to be analyzed might contain components that will interfere with direct fluorescence measurements. For example, it is well-known that human plasma can contain variable amounts of "yellow" materials that could absorb incident light at the excitation wavelength. Optical density at 480 nm was measured for 13 different samples of human blood plasma (cell free), and absorbance averaged 0.554 (standard deviation was 0.428; range from 0.12 to 1.30), but was much lower at >500 nm. Clearly, this wide a range in absorbance could affect the light available for excitation of a biosensor incorporating, for example, FITC as the signal moiety.
Use of an internal standard is a classic analytical approach to reduce impact of non-uniformity in the matrix of a signal system. A second detector bead system (B-2) could be constructed so that it shared excitation wavelength with the primary bead (B-1; e.g., FITC), but emitted at a distinctly different wavelength than B-1 and was unaffected by the ligand altering response of the biosensor of bead B-1 (e.g., protons in case of FITC). This would allow excitation of both fluorochromes concurrently under identical conditions, and alternating measurement of emission from B-1 and B-2. Calculation of the ratio B-1/B-2 would allow detection of changes in emission from B-1 without substantial impact from a wide range in absorbance of exciting light by components in the matrix. This approach should be useful with products ranging from blood cells to orange juice.
To illustrate utility of such an approach, a general bead coating was developed by covalently attaching biotin-dextran (D-1956; Molecular Probes) to 10 micrometer diameter carboxylate beads (Polysciences, Inc.), using standard carbodiimide coupling chemistry. This provided a common attachment site on the beads for avidin-strepavidin conjugates. Assuming beads of biosensor B-1 used FITC, materials suitable for service as B-2 should be excited (absorb) at 480 nm, emit at a wavelength distinct from 535 nm, and have a response independent of pH. Examples include reagents available from Coulter Diagnostics such as: Strepavidin-PC5 (strepavidin conjugated to phycoerythrin-cyanin 5; excitation 486-580; emission 660-680) and EDC (strepavidin conjugated to phycoerythrin-Texas Red7-x; excitation 486-580; emission 610-630). It is well-known to those versed in the art that many other combinations can be used to correct for effects on either excitation or emission wavelengths. We used the PC-5 system and evaluated freedom from a pH-driven shift in emission. As evident in
The concept of a ratio correction (see above) and observations from Examples 6 and 7 were directly tested to illustrate utility of a ratiometric analysis of pH using an integral sensor as in
A device, fabricated as in
A device, fabricated as in
This invention is very broad and the examples presented herein are illustrative, but do not limit the scope of the invention.
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|U.S. Classification
|435/287.2, 435/288.7, 436/528, 422/82.08, 436/518, 435/7.32, 436/524, 436/164, 435/7.2, 436/805, 422/82.05, 436/530, 435/288.5, 435/808, 436/172
|International Classification
|Cooperative Classification
|European Classification
|Jul 5, 2006
Owner name: THE PENN STATE RESEARCH FOUNDATION, PENNSYLVANIA
Free format text: ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST;ASSIGNORS:HAMMERSTEDT, ROY H.;PHILLIPS, ALLEN T.;REEL/FRAME:017877/0357
Effective date: 20010110
|Jan 12, 2010
|Certificate of correction
|Sep 22, 2011
|Fee payment
Year of fee payment: 4
|Jan 28, 2016
|Fee payment
Year of fee payment: 8