text:
|Publication number
|Publication type
|Application number
|Publication date
|Sep 29, 1998
|Filing date
|Apr 29, 1996
|Priority date
|Apr 29, 1996
|Fee status
|Publication number
|K. N. Mani, D. Kent Hadden
|Original Assignee
|Archer Daniels Midland Company
|Export Citation
|BiBTeX, EndNote, RefMan
|Patent Citations (2), Referenced by (35), Classifications (32), Legal Events (4)
|External Links: USPTO, USPTO Assignment, Espacenet
This invention relates to processes for recovering a variety of organic acids from their ammonium salts, and more particularly to monobasic acids such as lactic acid and acetic acid as well as to certain low molecular weight dibasic acids such as fumaric, succinic, malic, maleic and other acids.
The acids may be obtained from a fermentation conversion of saccharides (substrates) such as starch, sucrose or glucose or from n-paraffins. The microbes used in the fermentation process may be Protists (yeast or fungi) or bacteria. The fermentation itself may be either aerobic or anaerobic. For producing certain organic acids, enzymes may be used in place of microbes. The pH in the fermenter is maintained in the range of about 3 to 9 through an addition of ammonia (base). The improvement disclosed in this invention is of particular value in a continuous fermentation processes.
In order to achieve a continuous operation of the fermentation process, the organic acid product has to be removed from the fermenter at a rate equal to its production, while retaining within the fermenter the microbe nutrients and any unconverted substrate. Alternatively, a continuous recovery process for returning these materials to the fermenter has to be in place. An additional enhancement is to recover the base component for reuse in the fermenter for pH adjustment. In this context, bases which have large solubility in water, e.g. ammonia, sodium hydroxide and potassium hydroxide would be preferred over lime, because they are easy to recover and reuse.
U.S. Pat. No. 4,882,277 describes a continuous fermentation process that uses electrodialysis for removing the organic acid from the fermentation mixture. A four compartment cell containing one cation membrane, two anion membranes and a set of electrodes is used to effect the recovery. Preferably, after a microfiltration step (to remove the microbial cells), the fermentation broth containing the product acid in its salt form is circulated through a basification loop of the electrodialysis cell. A direct current driving force splits the organic acid, which is present in its salt form, into the component acid and base. The base is retained with the fermenter broth and is returned to the fermenter along with any recovered microbial cells.
Alternatively, U.S. Pat. No. 4,882,277 teaches an electrodialysis cell containing a cation exchange membrane, an anion exchange membrane, a set of bipolar membranes and anion membranes, an anion membrane and a set of electrodes which achieve the same end result. A problem with this process is that the microfiltration step (considered optional) does not remove any of the dissolved high molecular weight byproducts such as proteins or certain soluble nutrients which are present in the fermenter broth, which results in membrane fouling that forces a process shutdown after only a limited run time. Additionally, and in particular, when non-volatile bases such as NaOH and KOH are used, the precipitation of divalent metal impurities on the surfaces or inside the membranes would result in a high power consumption and an unstable long term operation.
U.S. Pat. No. 5,002,881 describes the production of lactic acid via a culture bacilli of the genus Bacillus, followed by ultrafiltration and reverse osmosis that concentrates the permeate. Subsequently, the resulting outflow is subjected to an electrodialysis wherein bipolar membranes are used to decompose the lactate into lactic acid and base (XOH; where X and NH4 or a metal having a hydroxide and a salt of lactic acid which are water soluble).
This U.S. Pat. No. 5,002,881 patent and an earlier article (K. N. Mani, Electrodialysis water splitting Technology, J. Membrane Sci., 58 (1991) pp 117-138) use a three-compartment electrodialysis cell comprising bipolar, cation and anion membranes; wherein, the feed salt is introduced into the compartment between the cation and anion membranes. This process version has some of the same shortcomings that are found in the earlier processes, since the ultrafilter is not significantly more effective than the microfilter in removing the membrane foulants. Furthermore the use of reverse osmosis and three compartment electrodialysis processing increases both the process complexity and the cost. When producing bases such as NaOH and KOH, the cation membrane in the electrodialysis cell is easily fouled by divalent metal impurities (Ca+2, Mg+2) which are part of the fermenter nutrients and which are present in the feed salt. With NH4 OH as the base, the divalent metals do have a higher solubility and most likely will not foul the membrane at the modest concentration levels found in the fermenter. However, the resulting poor electrical conductivity of the base would lead to higher power consumption.
U.S. Pat. No. 4,882,247 describes a process for producing, recovering and purifying lactate from a fermentation broth and its subsequent conversion to lactic acid via membrane electrodialysis by using Lactobacillus acidophilus IAM 3532. In this process, the broth is at a pH of 5-5.7 and contains 75-90 gm/l of lactate acid which is subjected to electrodialysis in a cell containing cation and anion membranes to produce a high concentration of lactate salt that is free of microbial cells and most other impurities. To obtain the acid and base, the cells are recycled to the fermenter, while the concentrated lactate sale is processed in a secondary electrodialysis cell containing bipolar and cation membranes. In effect, this process uses two stages of electrodialysis. The fouling/pluggage of the first electrodialysis cell by microbial cells and the fouling of the cation membranes in the secondary cell by the divalent impurities are problems that add further complexity to the process.
Canadian Patent 2,133,168 claims a fermentative process for lactic acid and glycerol. The process uses strains of rod-like cells of Lactobacillus to convert free sugars in order to obtain >5 gm/100 ml of lactate at a pH of 4.5-5.5. The lactate, cells, and water are separated by a multistep process involving ultrafiltration (0.1-0.375μ pores) to recover suspended solids and "heavies" which are present in the broth. Following the ultrafiltration, there is a nanofiltration (150 Daltons rating) of the permeate to separate the higher molecular weight impurities. Subsequently, a reverse osmosis step (50 Daltons rating) removes the excess water to concentrate the dilute lactic salt and glycerol. The process separates the various sizes of organic molecules and water, but it does not separate the acid and alkali (base) from the salt.
J. S. Han and M. Cheryan (J. Membrane Sci. 107, (1995)) have studied the nanofiltration of model acetate solutions such as might result from fermentation. The cited goal is to recycle components, such as glucose and cells, in quantities that reduce the cost of the fermentation. Neither processing the feed stream to obtain the product organic acid nor the impact of contaminants in the conversion operation is addressed.
Accordingly, an object of this invention is to provide both new and improved continuous fermentation process for removing organic acid and ammonia from their salts. In this connection, an object is to provide a system for carrying on such a process which does not foul membranes used in the process. Here, an object is to recover microbes, nutrients, and unconverted substrate from a feed stream central to the continuous process.
In keeping with an aspect of this invention, these and other objects are accomplished by a process for continuously recovering organic acids and ammonia from their salts. These salts may first be obtained by a microbial fermentation of a saccharide in the presence of the requisite nutrients. The pH in the fermenter is maintained in the range of about 3-9 through a use of ammonia or an ammonium hydroxide solution, most of which is recycled from a downstream recovery step. The process yields a dilute organic salt solution. The specific process steps are:
Recovering from a fermenter a stream substantially free of microbial cells through the use of a coarse or micro filter;
Subjecting the recovered solution to a suitable means for removing divalent and multivalent metals, the means preferably being a nanofiltration (˜200 Dalton rating) in order to remove dissolved higher molecular weight organics as well as to reduce the amount of divalent metal ions to a level below 15 ppm. In the alternative, a chelating resin cation exchange bed may be used in place of or in tandem with the nanofilter in order to achieve an adequate reduction in the level of the divalent metal contaminants;
Processing the resulting organic salt solution in either a two compartment electrodialysis cell or a stack of electrodialysis cells containing bipolar and anion membranes in order to generate a concentrated organic acid product solution and an alkaline solution that is substantially depleted in its organic salt content; and
Combining the alkaline solution with the retentate from the nanofiltration step, sterilizing it as may be appropriate, and recycling it back to the fermenter.
The concentrated acid stream from the electrodialysis step contains up to 10% of its organic content in the form of its ammonium salt and is processed further to recover pure acid.
A preferred embodiment will become more apparent from the following description, taken with the accompanying drawings in which:
FIG. 1 is a flow chart schematically showing the equipment for a continuous fermentation process using nanofiltration;
FIG. 1A shows a similar flow chart of a process using an ion-exchanger;
FIG. 2 is a schematic showing of a two-compartment anion electrodialysis cell;
FIG. 3 is a schematic showing of a pilot test cell assembly having a plurality or stack of electrodialysis cells;
FIG. 4 is a flow chart schematically showing an electrodialysis system;
FIG. 5 is a chart showing ultrafiltered feed--AMV anions from eight electrodialysis cells;
FIG. 6 is a chart showing a nanofiltered feed--AMT anions; and
FIG. 7 is a chart showing a nanofiltered--AMT anions.
Two examples of systems incorporating the improved recovery process of this invention are shown schematically in the attached FIG. 1 and FIG. 1A. The difference between these two systems is that the system of FIG. 1 uses a nanofilter while FIG. 1A uses a chelating resin ion-exchanger.
The fermenter 20 performs a fermentation step on a substrate in order to obtain the organic acid in any suitable and known manner. The process starts with an introduction of an initial load of the substrate, as indicated at 22. The initial load introduced into the fermenter includes a microorganism, dilution water and a set of nutrients such as: potassium phosphate, calcium carbonate, magnesium sulfate and other trace materials. Ammonia is metered into the fermenter as needed in order to maintain the pH within the target range of 3 to 9. For aerobic fermentation, air is sparged in at a set rate via pipe 24. As the organic salt/acid concentration builds up above the target level of ˜0.3N, it is withdrawn at outlet 26 and processed further to recover a portion of the organic acid. The balance of the concentration and the recovered ammonia is recycled back to the fermenter 20 via pipe 28.
The lines 26 and 27 include any suitable pumps P1, P2 for transferring the fluids. The nature (0.3-0.8N and 0.2-0.7N) of the fluids being transferred is shown in FIGS. 1 and 1A. The letter "N" indicates "normality" which is a dimensionless index found by dividing grams by the molecular weight of the fluid being transferred.
The first step in the recovery process is to obtain a pre-filtered fermenter output filtrate stream that is essentially free of the microbial cells. Since yeast and fungi have a relatively larger diameter and have a propensity to form large aggregates, this pre-filtration can be readily achieved through a use of "coarse" screens, which are located at 30, preferably within the fermenter body. The feed stream enters through one side of the coarse screen while the clearer filtrate exits on the other side. When the coarse screens are located at 30 inside the fermenter, the screens are kept free of blockage through a use of the air sparge from pipe 24; or in the case of anaerobic fermentation by a use of a CO2 gas sparge (for example) or by a recycle liquid back flush. When the fermentation is carried out with bacteria, the separation is achieved through a use of fine mesh filters (or microfilters). Alternatively, the pre-filter coarse screens could be located in an external loop (not shown) such as in pipe 26, for example. One advantage of locating the filtration unit in a loop external to the fermenter is the ease of removal and replenishment of the microbes. However, the internal screen is simpler and works well with the larger fungi.
The pre-filtrate from filter 30 is substantially free of the microbial cells and is then subjected to nanofiltration at 32 to remove the dissolved higher molecular weight impurities and, importantly, to reduce the amount of divalent metals content to a level below 15 ppm total. Principally, the divalent metals comprise calcium and magnesium, but may also include other metals (such as barium, strontium and zinc) which form insoluble precipitates at pH's >9. The nanofiltration step at 32 (FIG. 1) recovers the ammonium salt of the acid along with any free organic acid while retaining any particulates from the pre-filtration step at 30, dissolved higher molecular weight organics and the divalent metals in the retentate loop for subsequent recycle back to the fermenter 20. The nanofilter at 32 usually recovers about 30-80% of the organic acid values present in the feed. This rate of recovered organic acid is 125-333% of the rate produced in the fermenter at steady state. The retentate from the nanofiltration step contains essentially all the nutrients, while its overall organic salt content is reduced.
The removal of the divalent metals from the organic salt may also be achieved through a use of a chelating resin ion-exchange bed 33 (FIG. 1A) used in conjunction with or in addition to the nanofilter 32 or another filter. It should be noted that many of the chelating resins are most effective in removing the divalent metals at pH's of 7 or higher. In this case, one may use a microfilter 35 upstream of the ion-exchanger in order to obtain a sufficiently clarified pre-filtrate as a feed stream to the ion-exchange unit. The spent resin is regenerated with acid and ammonia and make up nutrients are added to the fermenter at 34, as needed.
The permeate from the nanofiltration 32 (or chelating resin ion-exchanger 33) is then fed at 36 to the electrodialysis (ED) cell unit 38 comprising bipolar and anion exchange membranes. FIG. 2 shows an ED cell unit that may be used for the unit 38 (FIG. 1). The cell comprises, in sequence, a base compartment (B), a bipolar membrane 40 (+-), an acid compartment (A), and an anion membrane 42 (-). As many as 100-250 such unit cell may be stacked or assembled into a single electrodialysis unit 38. The feed to the individual compartments within the unit is achieved through a set of internal manifolds 44, 46. The separation process is driven by a direct current applied across set of electrodes (e.g. an anode on the left and a cathode on the right) at the two ends of the ED unit 38. A unit such as that shown in FIG. 2 is called a two-compartment cell because only two compartments, A and B are separated by the two types of membranes 40, 42.
In FIG. 2, the filtrate from either the nanofiltration unit 32 (FIG. 1) or the chelating resin ion-exchanger 33 (FIG. 1A) is fed in via pipe 36 and manifold 44 to the B chambers. There, under the influence of the direct current, the organic anion X- resulting from the dissociation of the salt, NH4 X is transported across the anion membranes 40 to the A chambers. Concurrently, OH- ions are generated at the anion layer of the bipolar membrane. These OH- ions combine with the NH4 + ions in the base compartment to form NH4 OH, which tends to exist as dissolved, undissociated ammonia, NH3 (NH4 OH⃡NH3 +H2 O). Consequently, its ionic transport across anion membranes is inhibited. Concurrently, H+ ions are generated at the cation layer of the bipolar membrane in the A chambers. The combination of the H+ ion with the X- ion in the A chambers results in the formation of the organic acid, HX.
There is some electro-osmotic transport of water from the B chamber to the A chambers as well as some ammonia (diffusive transport). In most instances therefore, there is no need to add makeup water to the acid loop. The product acid is withdrawn at a high concentration in the order of 3-4N. On an overall basis, the feed stream of organic salt, which is at a concentration of 0.2-0.7N, is converted to a basified (i.e., ammonia laden) solution that has been depleted of its salt content, while generating a concentrated acid product.
The basified solution from the ED unit 38 is then combined at 50 (FIG. 1) with the retentate from the nanofiltration unit, sterilized as required, and returned to the fermenter 20 via pipe 28. The overall process is able to selectively recover the acid values, while substantially all of the unconverted substrate, microbial cells and the nutrients as well as the base (ammonia) for pH adjustment are returned to the fermenter 20. Thus, the continuous operation of the fermenter is facilitated and enhanced.
We have found that the removal of divalent metals, particularly calcium and magnesium, has a surprisingly beneficial effect in terms of improving the efficiency of the downstream operation for recovering the acid and ammonia values from the organic salt stream. Heretofore, these metals have apparently formed an insoluble hydroxide film on the bipolar membranes. This film has significantly reduced the current throughput that is needed for the production of the organic acid and ammonia from the salt stream. This mechanism of divalent metal fouling is different from the fouling that is encountered with cation membranes in systems such as those used for chlor-alkali production wherein the divalent metals precipitate within the cation membrane, causing higher power consumption due to irreversible fouling.
The maximum level of these contaminants is determined by their solubility in the depleted basified organic salt solution in the base loop of the electrodialysis unit. Such solutions nominally contain 0.1-0.3N organic salt and have a pH in a range of 9 to 10.5. The combined concentrations of the divalent metal concentrations in such solutions, at room temperature, is ˜15 parts per million (ppm) and somewhat lower at higher temperatures. For stable long term operation of the ED unit, at a high current density, the total level of calcium and magnesium should be under 10 ppm, preferable below 5 ppm.
The nanofiltration membrane 32 (FIG. 1) or chelating cation exchange resin 33 (FIG. 1) for feed at a higher pH, preferably 7, is able to effectively reduce the divalent metals content to a level that enables a satisfactory operation of the ED unit, while enabling the organic salt to be recovered in high yield. We have found that nanofiltration membranes with a molecular weight cutoff of 200 Daltons are able to adequately handle the process needs.
The invention can be better understood from the following examples. Product organic salt from a commercial scale fermenter, such as 20, was the feed stream used in carrying out the various experiments. The primary organic salt from the fermenter was lactate, but minor amounts of fumarate, acetate and succinate were also present. Dextrose at a 99.5% level was used as the substrate in the fermenter. The product output at a pH of 4-5.5 was pre-filtered to remove essentially all of the microbial cells. The pre-filtrate thus obtained was clear to slightly cloudy and was noticeably colored. At a 450 nm wavelength, a commonly found color index, was 0.125 units.
Comparative Example A: Ultrafiltration of the pre-filtrate.
In the fermenter 20, the pre-filtrate was filtered at 30 through a standard ultrafiltration module (AMT-100 from Advanced Membrane Technology; nominal rating: 100,000 Daltons). Approximately 30 gallons of the initial feed stream material was subjected to a four-fold increase in concentration, resulting in ˜22.5 gallons of filtrate and 7.5 gallons of concentrate. The resulting filtrate and concentrate were then analyzed for color, organics, Ca, Mg and Na. The results of this analysis are shown in the following Table 1. It should be noted that in this and the following examples, the reported figures for organic acids, such as lactic and fumaric acids, represent their total content, expressed as the organic acid. For example at a pH 5, substantially all of the lactic acid would be present in the form of the ammonium lactate salt.
TABLE 1__________________________________________________________________________Dextrose Lactic Glycerol Fumaric Ethanol Color @ Na Ca Mggm/l gm/l gm/l gm/l gm/l 450 nm ppm ppm ppm__________________________________________________________________________Feed 5.55 37.25 10.95 1.84 4.63 0.125 1848 11.9 12.6Permeate 5.56 38.23 11.33 1.81 3.79 0.050 1826 10.4 10.5Concentrate 9.02 48.37 12.92 2.93 3.74 0.334 2444 21.4 23.2__________________________________________________________________________
It can be seen from Table 1 that the concentration of the various components in the permeate (i.e. the filtrate stream) is essentially identical to that in the pre-filtrate feed stream. In itself, this is not surprising, since the ultrafilter, rated at 200,000 Daltons, is really designed to remove precipitates and the dissolved macromolecules. The limited amount of retention for the various components as well a reduction in the color index is due to the buildup of a gel layer on the membrane surface. The resulting filtrate had a significant yellow color.
Comparative Example B: Nanofiltration of the pre-filtrate.
The pre-filtrate taken from filter 30 was filtered through a nanofilter module (Model Desal 5-DK, made by Desalination Systems nominally rated at 200 Daltons) at a feed pressure of ˜120 psig. Approximately 30 gallons of the feed was processed, resulting in 24 gallons of permeate (i.e. filtrate) and 6 gallons of concentrate, representing a five fold concentration increase for the impermeables. The results were as shown on the following Table 2.
TABLE 2__________________________________________________________________________Dextrose Lactic Glycerol Fumaric Ethanol Color @ Na Ca Mggm/l gm/l gm/l gm/l gm/l 450 nm ppm ppm ppm__________________________________________________________________________Feed 3.71 39.47 12.48 2.37 5.77 0.12 685 46.3 23.1Permeate 0.87 32.68 12.38 1.29 5.83 0.009 584 3.84 0.8Concentrate 6.12 65.04 14.6 7.99 4.38 0.72 1317 202 98.2__________________________________________________________________________
As seen from Table 2, the nanofilter recovers the organic salts in preference to the dextrose substrate. Also, the nanofilter has a high rejection for the divalent metals. The specific figures can be computed to be as follows:
Recovery of low molecular weight organics in the permeate stream:
Lactic: 66%
Fumaric: 44%
Glycerol: 79%
Ethanol: 81%
Rejection of dextrose and the metals:
Dextrose: 81%
Sodium: 31%
Calcium: 93%
Magnesium: 97%
The high rejection of the membrane for dextrose and the divalent metals is especially beneficial because these materials can be directly recycled via pipe 48, sterilizer 50 and pipe 28 back into the fermenter for reuse. The recoveries of the organic salts is high enough to permit an operation of the fermenter at a higher productivity level.
The following examples illustrate the electrodialysis conversion of the organic salt stream from the filtration step into a concentrated acid product wherein the acids are present in substantially a free acid form and a dilute basified stream which is combined with the concentrate from the filtration step and returned to the fermenter. The organic acid stream can then be purified and concentrated via any suitable method.
A pilot scale electrodialysis stack 60 may be assembled as shown in FIG. 3. The stack has end plates 62 and 64 with electrodes 66, 68 attached thereto. Solutions were fed into and removed from the stack via electrodes 66, 68. Gaskets 0.76 mm thick are used to separate the membranes and to form the solution compartments A and B. Each gasket had an open central area of 465 cm2 (0.5 ft2), through which a direct current could pass. The open areas are filled with an open meshed screen to keep the membranes separated and to promote good flow turbulence. Holes punched in the gaskets form internal manifolds. Slots (ports) connecting the manifold with the open central area enable parallel flows of the solution into and out of each compartment. The stack has a coated metal (ruthenium) oxide anode 66, supplied by Electrode Products Inc., and electrode rinse compartment (ER), an MC 3475 cation membrane 20 from Sybron Chemicals, and a suitable number of repeating cells, each having an acid compartment A, an AMV or AMT anion membrane 72 from Asahi Glass Company, a base compartment B, and a bipolar membrane 74 from Aqualytics, a division of Graver Water. The last bipolar membrane 74 in the stack is followed by an acid compartment A, an anion membrane 72 (AMV or AMT) a base compartment B, another bipolar membrane 74, an electrode rinse compartment (ER') and a stainless steel cathode 68.
The stack is placed in the system as shown schematically in FIG. 4, in order to carry out the electrodialysis process. Three pumps (P4-P6) are used to recirculate solutions from their respective tanks to the acid, base and electrode rinse compartments, at a rate of 2-3.5 l/min. Each of the recycle tanks 80,82, 84 has a nominal value of 5 liters. Cartridge filters, such as 86, flowmeters, such as 88, and pressure gauges such as 90, are used to ensure flow of clear fluids at known flow rates and pressure drops in the loops. A suitable valve such as 92 controls the individual stream. A feed pump (P7) is used to supply the filtrate to the base recycle tank 94 under the control of a conductivity controller "CICn (96)". A DC power supply (not shown) is connected to the anode 66 and cathode 68 terminals of the stack. The requisite controllers for current input and voltage are located at the power supply.
The system is initially charged with the filtrate (feed stream) in both the base 82 and acid 80 recycle tanks. The electrode rinse recycle tank 84 is charged with ˜8 wt % sulfuric acid. The recirculating pumps (P4-P6) are started and the flows adjusted at valves such as 92 in order to get an inlet pressure drop of 4-7 psi in each of the loops. The DC current is turned on and the amperage adjusted to obtain an overall voltage of 40 volts or less during the long term tests.
Under the driving force of the direct current, the ammonium salt is converted into ammonium hydroxide in the base loop, while the organic anion that is transported in the acid loop combines with the H+ ion generated at the bipolar membranes in order to yield a free organic acid HX. In the base loop, a salt solution feed stream is added under a conductivity control and the product base is overflowed. In the acid loop, an electro-osmotic transport of water dilutes the product acid concentration to the 2.5-4N range (220-360 gm/l for lactic acid).
A long term test was carried out in the pilot test cell assembly 60 (FIG. 3) by using a feed material that had been filtered through an ultrafilter, nominally rated at 200,000 Daltons. The eight cell unit 60 had bipolar membranes and AMV anion membranes. The test was operated at a current input of 14.5 A (29 A/ft2 current density). A feed stream with a conductivity of 25 mS/cm was metered into the base recycle tank 82 (FIG. 4) at a rate required to maintain the tank conductivity at ˜10 mS/cm. The tank 82 base product at a pH of 9.5-10 was overflowed to waste. The acid product was overflowed from the acid recycle tank 80 under a level control. The base and acid products were somewhat yellow, while the base product was also slightly cloudy. An analysis of the various streams is set forth in Table 3 as follows:
TABLE 3______________________________________ Dextrose Lactic Glycerol Fumaric gm/l gm/l gm/l gm/l______________________________________Feed 4.4 50.2 7.2 0.07Acid Product 0.6 264.5 2.68 0.17Base Product 5.8 15.2 7.57 --______________________________________
The base product had free ammonia, corresponding to the ammonium in the feed stream, less the amount of the free ammonia that diffused into the acid product. The acid product contained ˜0.55 gm/l ammonium ion. The conversion of the organic salt in the base loop was >70%. The retention of dextrose and glycerol in the feed/base stream was 98% and 95% respectively.
FIG. 5 shows the current and voltage profile for the cell stack of FIG. 3 during an extended run which continued for sixty-five days. It can be seen that the voltage drop varied over a large range between 23 and 50 volts. After allowing a 6 volt contribution for the electrode rinse loops, this voltage range translates to 2.12-5.5 volts per cell (one A-B combination in FIG. 3). Operating the process at such high voltages and low current density is expensive and not desirable.
Another extended term test (FIG. 6) was carried out using the bipolar membranes in conjunction with the AMV anion membranes. The salt feed stream was processed through a Desal 5DK nanofilter, prior to the feed reaching the base loop of the electrodialysis cell. At a typical conductivity of ˜25 mS/cm, the feed stream was depleted to 9 mS/cm under a conductivity control, while the organic acid product overflowed from the acid recycle tank 80 (FIG. 4). The feed stream had low levels of divalent metals (Ca+Mg of ˜5 ppm) and was essentially free of color. The base tank 82 overflow was clear and had no color in it while the acid product was clear, but with a slightly yellow color indicating that the few remaining color bodies in the feed stream were being transported in their entirety to the acid product. An analysis of the various streams is shown in the following Table 4:
TABLE 4__________________________________________________________________________Dextrose Succinic Lactic Glycerol Fumaric Acetic Ethanolgm/l gm/l gm/l gm/l gm/l gm/l gm/l__________________________________________________________________________Feed 1.33 -- 35.5 9.9 0.77 -- 4.68Acid Product 0.51 4.33 295.7 4.87 9.78 2.50 1.28Base Product 1.33 -- 8.19 10.61 -- -- 4.97__________________________________________________________________________
The amounts of succinic and acetic acids in the feed stream were finite but low. Their amounts, as well as the fumaric acid in the base product were near zero because they had been substantially completely transported to the acid loop. Once again the uncharged species such as dextrose, glycerol and ethanol are retained substantially completely (˜95% and 98% respectively) in the base loop. Hence, they may be recycled into the fermenter along with the generated ammonia and the unconverted organic salt. The material balance showed that about 80% of the lactate acid and substantially all of the other organic salts had been converted to their free acid form while in the acid loop.
FIG. 6 shows the electrical performance of the electrodialysis cell using the nanofiltered feed. Initially the cell was operated at a current of 14.5 A (29 A/ft2 current density). The voltage requirement remained steady at ˜21-22 V (1.87-2.0 V/cell after allowing 6 volts for the electrode rinse loop). Subsequently, the current input was increased to 35 A (70 A/ft2 current density), with a voltage drop of ˜31 V (3.1 V/cell). A comparison of these results with the results of Example 1 shows a significant improvement in performance when the nanofiltration is used.
The sensitivity of the electrodialysis operation to the presence of divalent metals in the feed stream was studied (FIG. 7) in an extended term test by using a cell containing bipolar membranes and AMT anion membranes. A nanofiltered feed stream was used once again. Occasional upsets resulted in higher than desired levels of calcium and magnesium in the feed stream. The cell operating procedures and the compositions of the feed stream acid product, and base product were essentially identical to those in Example 2.
FIG. 7 shows the performance of the cell during the thirty day test. The cell operated at a current input of 35 A (70 A/ft2 current density) and a voltage drop of 35 V (3.6 V/cell). The higher unit cell voltage is attributable to the higher electrical resistance of the AMT (versus AMV) membrane. However, when the combined concentration of calcium and magnesium exceeded ˜10 ppm, the current decreased drastically and the voltage requirement increased. When the divalent metal concentration was brought back to the -10 ppm level and the base loop cleaned out with a dilute hydrochloric acid wash (˜5 wt % strength), the cell performance returned to the normal level.
It is clear from the above examples that the operation of the electrodialysis unit is significantly improved by a use of a nanofiltration step. Furthermore, the more complete recovery of the dextrose substrate, the divalent metals, the ammonia base, and the byproducts such as glycerol and ethanol for recycle to the fermenter assures that only the organic acid product of the fermentation process is pulled out of the production loop. A continuous organic acid production process thereby becomes feasible and economical.
Those who are skilled in the art will readily perceive how to modify the invention. Therefore, the appended claims are to be construed to cover all equivalent structures which fall within the true scope and spirit of the invention.
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|Process for producing a purified lactic acid solution
|Jul 5, 2002
|Nov 27, 2007
|Archer-Daniels-Midland Company
|Lactobacillus strains and use thereof in fermentation for L-lactic acid production
|Feb 20, 2002
|Nov 3, 2009
|Basf Aktiengesellschaft
|Method for the production of D-pantothenic acid and/or salts thereof via purification by nanofiltration as adjunct for animal feedstuffs
|Apr 13, 2010
|Whirlpool Corporation
|Non-aqueous washing machine and methods
|Jun 22, 2010
|Whirlpool Corporation
|Fabric laundering apparatus adapted for using a select rinse fluid
|Apr 12, 2005
|Nov 23, 2010
|Whirlpool Corporation
|Dry cleaning method
|Jun 28, 2011
|Whirlpool Corporation
|Methods and apparatus to accelerate the drying of aqueous working fluids
|Sep 11, 2012
|Whirlpool Corporation
|Non-aqueous washing apparatus and method
|Sep 24, 2010
|Apr 1, 2014
|Bioamber S.A.S.
|Processes for removing color during production of runway deicer
|Jun 20, 2008
|Jan 27, 2015
|Asahi Kasei Chemicals Corporation
|Production process of α-hydroxy acids
|Oct 17, 2011
|Oct 20, 2015
|Galactic S.A.
|Method for producing a lactic ester from a fermentation juice containing ammonium lactate
|Jun 4, 2002
|Jan 2, 2003
|Joseph Mizrahi
|Process for producing a purified lactic acid solution
|Jul 5, 2002
|Jan 8, 2004
|Eddington John M.
|Novel lactobacillus strains and use thereof in fermentation process for L-lactic acid production
|Feb 20, 2002
|Mar 18, 2004
|Christine Beck
|Method for the production of d-pantothenic acid and/or salts thereof as adjunct for animal feedstuffs
|Feb 23, 2004
|Aug 25, 2005
|Loh Jimbay P.
|Method for acidifying and preserving food compositions using electrodialyzed compositions
|Oct 1, 2004
|Aug 25, 2005
|Kraft Foods Holdings, Inc.
|Shelf-stable foodstuffs and methods for their preparation
|Aug 23, 2005
|Feb 2, 2006
|Kraft Foods Holdings, Inc.
|Shelf-stable acidified food compositions and methods for their preparation
|Sep 24, 2010
|Apr 21, 2011
|Bioamber, S.A.S.
|Processes for removing color during production of runway deicer
|Jun 20, 2008
|Apr 28, 2011
|Makoto Okamoto
|Production Process of Alpha-Hydroxy Acids
|Oct 17, 2011
|Oct 17, 2013
|Galactic S.A.
|Process for producing a lactic ester from a fermentation liquor containing ammonium lactate
|May 14, 2007
|Jun 13, 2012
|Refine process of L-lactic acid of polymerization grade
|Oct 22, 2007
|Dec 14, 2011
|Apr 24, 2014
|Jul 23, 2014
|Membrane method extraction system and membrane method extraction process for alanine production
|Oct 8, 1999
|May 31, 2000
|Degussa-H�ls Aktiengesellschaft
|Process for the separation of organic acids from aqueous solutions
|Oct 16, 2000
|Apr 25, 2001
|Roquette Fr�res
|Process for the separation and purification of lactic acid from a fermentation medium
|Feb 14, 2005
|Aug 31, 2005
|Kraft Foods Holdings, Inc.
|Electrodialyzed compositions and method of treating aqueous solutions using electrodialysis
|Oct 22, 2007
|Apr 24, 2008
|Paques B.V.
|Simultaneous acid and base production from an aqueous stream
|Jul 9, 2012
|Feb 14, 2013
|Soo Keng Lee
|Process for the production of organic acids from an integration of solar or fuel cell with electrodialysis system
|U.S. Classification
|435/136, 435/144, 210/637, 210/638, 204/536, 210/259, 204/534, 210/641, 435/137, 210/630, 204/530, 435/800, 204/537, 435/140, 204/527, 204/538, 210/651
|International Classification
|Cooperative Classification
|European Classification
|Aug 15, 1996
Owner name: ARCHER DANIELS MIDLAND COMPANY, ILLINOIS
Free format text: ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST;ASSIGNORS:MANI, K.N.;HADDEN, D. KENT;REEL/FRAME:008114/0084
Effective date: 19960524
|Mar 18, 2002
|Fee payment
Year of fee payment: 4
|Mar 29, 2006
|Fee payment
Year of fee payment: 8
|Mar 29, 2010
|Fee payment
Year of fee payment: 12


text:
Shuttle SB65G2 XPC with ClearView cover - The Little guy packing a Big punch
Diving In Continued
- Wireless Networking
The Shuttle SB65G2 is the first Shuttle XPC we have received that includes an in-built USB wireless controller. Unfortunately the built-in wireless controller is only 802.11B but after recently looking further into some 802.11G networking equipment, we discovered that it might not be as big a deal as we thought as the faster 802.11G protocol tries to find its feet.
As well as the wireless adapter, we also have an onboard 10/100 LAN controller. This means you are not forced to using the slower wireless adapter. This will be a handy feature since these cases are so easy to move, "plugging" into a wireless network won't be a problem.
- Serial ATA Power
One feature that we didn't expect to find within the SB65G2 Shuttle was the inclusion of a Serial ATA power connector - something that is only making its way to latest power supplies now. It is little things like this that put Shuttle a head of the competition who are only just entering the game.
- The Motherboard
The motherboard in the Shuttle SB65G2 isn't anything spectacular but it does have everything we need to get an excellent Pentium 4 based system up and running. One thing you notice is that only two DDR slots are included but it should suffice for most people.
The motherboard uses the Intel Springdale chipset which is known to be one of the better Intel chipsets on the market right now, offering comparable performance to the more expensive PAT-enabled Canterwood. Shuttle also offers a Canterwood version of the XPC which we would assume is quicker due to it being an overall faster chipset.
PRICING: You can find products similar to this one for sale below.
United States: Find other tech and computer products like this over at Amazon's website.
United Kingdom: Find other tech and computer products like this over at Amazon UK's website.
Canada: Find other tech and computer products like this over at Amazon Canada's website.
- Shuttle SB65G2 - Page 1 [Introduction]
- Shuttle SB65G2 - Page 2 [Specifications]
- Shuttle SB65G2 - Page 3 [First Look and Diving In]
- Shuttle SB65G2 - Page 4 [Diving In Continued]
- Shuttle SB65G2 - Page 5 [Benchmarks - Test System Setup and SiSoft Sandra]
- Shuttle SB65G2 - Page 6 [Benchmarks - PCMark 2002]
- Shuttle SB65G2 - Page 7 [Benchmarks - 3DMark 2001]
- Shuttle SB65G2 - Page 8 [Benchmarks - 3DMark 2003]
- Shuttle SB65G2 - Page 9 [Benchmarks - Comanche 4]
- Shuttle SB65G2 - Page 10 [Benchmarks - Unreal Tournament 2003]
- Shuttle SB65G2 - Page 11 [Benchmarks - Quake 3]
- Shuttle SB65G2 - Page 12 [Benchmarks - Jedi Knight 2]
- Shuttle SB65G2 - Page 13 [Shuttle's Latest BIOS]
- Shuttle SB65G2 - Page 14 [ClearView]
- Shuttle SB65G2 - Page 15 [Conclusion]
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subset: commoncrawl


text:
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Home > News > Electronic nanotechnology will sustain Moore's Law
August 21st, 2003
Electronic nanotechnology will sustain Moore's Law
A Carnegie Mellon professor said that field programmable gate array (FPGA) devices which use electronic nanotechnology and molecular electronics will keep Moore's Law alive and well in the future. Seth Goldstein, said the new class of electronics devices which is called chemically assembled electronic nanotechnology (CAEN) will be low power, defect tolerant and provide massive component densities at low cost in the future.
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text:
203 S Jupiter Rd
Allen, TX 75002
2021 W Mcdermott Dr
Allen, TX 75013
1901 San Carlos Ave
Allen, TX 75002
I have already referred Holt Cat Industrial Engine & Generator Irving to two other people. The technicians who came out were both...
I appreciated the good customer service and information I was given. Not many people do that nowadays. Bought a Husqvarna trimmer...
Lloyd and his crew were just wonderful.
©2016 Cox Search, Inc. All rights reserved. Data provided in part by Localeze and Valpak.


text:
- VIC - Melbourne
Canterbury Gardens
The City of Boroondara in Inner Melbourne plays host to an abundance of beautiful Parks and Reserves that provide fun family activities all year 'round.
Canterbury Gardens is one of these beautiful community parks that includes:
- BBQ area
- Public toilets
Why not pack a picnic and spend a morning or the afternoon in your local park with your family?
Check out other great Parks and Playgrounds in Melbourne
- Time:
- FREE fun from sunrise to sunset at your local park
- Location:
- Balwyn Rd & Canterbury Rd, CANTERBURY, Melbourne, VIC Map it
- Ages:
- All Ages / Family
- Cost:
- Free
- Event Info:
- Get the family outdoors for FREE fun & activities!
Visit Website
Recently Viewed EventsKensington Community Centre
Melbourne Zoo
School Holiday DIY Cupcake Decorating Sessions
Riversdale Park Camberwell
Kidz Digz Indoor Play Centre & cafe Hoppers Crossing
Donald MacDonald Reserve Beaumaris
Miles Reserve Ivanhoe
Bulleen Park Bulleen
Victoria Road Reserve Hawthorn East
Collingwood Children's Farm


text:
- Missing Jackson woman found dead in Bollinger County pond (06/23/16)4
- Many Jackson students may face random drug-testing (06/26/16)30
- Village of Zalma must disincorporate, law says (06/23/16)5
- Jackson man accused of felony assault after attack at Cape bar (06/26/16)7
- Coroner asks for grand jury in Poplar Bluff fatal hit-and-run case (06/28/16)1
- Four men accused of roles in three robberies (06/29/16)3
- Witness says he saw suspect kill his best friend (06/24/16)
- Officials: Ash borer less of a problem here than in St. Louis (06/27/16)
- Cape detective who helped solve Krajcir case is retiring (06/28/16)8
- Police: Cape man kidnapped woman, then raped, assaulted her (06/30/16)7
Camp Curiosity kids dive into reading, writing thi
You'd think that the halls would be quiet at school during the summer, but that's not true at Perryville Elementary School where children from all over Perry County are enjoying Camp Curiosity.
The 4-week program is for children in Grades K-4 and offers activities from exercise and swimming to artwork and science experiments.
The big focus for many of the students, however, has been on the Camp Curiosity Summer Reading Program in the PES Library.
There, students are able to earn special dog tags for every 5 points they earn in the reading program.
"We are having a great summer," said PES Librarian Patty Wengert. "The kids love the dog tags and can't wait to earn the next one. It's been a very successful positive reinforcement for reading skills. Plus, we've had time this summer to work individually with children to strengthen their reading skills."
Aaron Scott and Justin Taylor were in line Friday to receive new dog tags as they advanced in the reading program.
"I really like reading and I love getting dog tags," Justin said.
In Rose Rosenszweig's room, the students were writing letters.
"You can write a letter to anyone you like," Rosensweig told the students, guiding them through dating the letter and writing the salutation.
"Let's tell our friends or family what we've learned about the rainforest this week."
While they composed their letters, the students talked about the people and food of the rainforest, and enjoyed a great discussion about whether snakes are cool, scary or gross.


text:
At Rs 250/kg this black rice variety makes remote Assam farmer...Rice is generally white in colour, or is it? Black is the colour for over 200 farmers in Assam's Goalpara district - and they are laughing all the way to the bank. Started by a single farmer in the district about four years ago, the cultivation ... Hindustan Times, 1 month ago
Black is the colour of rice for farmers in Assam - The Statesman, 1 month ago
In Assam farmers cultivating black rice rake in big bucks. - Weekly Voice, 1 month ago
7 images for Goalpara District
Tension Prevailed As 3 Killed By Elephant In Assam
Tension prevailed in Assam's Goalpara district after locals blocked a highway today protesting against the forest department's failure to control elephant attacks on villages that led to the death of three members of a family. Three members of a ...NDTV, 1 month ago Tension prevailed as three killed by elephant in Assam Chennai Online, 1 month ago Three killed by elephant in Goalpara Assam Tribune, 1 month ago Dibrugarh in command against Goalpara Assam Tribune, 1 month ago
More from: IANS Live, IANS Live...and 5 other sources
One More Dead In Blast In Assam's Goalpara, Toll Now 3
One of the injured in the powerful bomb blast near BJP office at Dudhnoi in lower Assam's Goalpara district succumbed to his wounds at a Guwahati Hospital, raising the death toll to three. The man who was shifted to the Gauhati Medical College Hospital after ...NDTV, 2 months ago Days before polls, IED blast kills 2 in Assam's Goalpara district MSN India, 2 months ago 10 injured in IED blast in Assam's Goalpara district Rediff.com, 2 months ago Goalpara blast toll rises to 3 Business Standard, 2 months ago
Apathy cry in infant death
An infant died at K.N. Medhi State Hospital in lower Assam's Goalpara district because of alleged medical negligence.The Telegraph, 1 month ago
Jumbo rampage
Florina K. Marak, 47, of Hudakona village in Goalpara district of Assam was trampled to death by a wild elephant around 2am on Saturday. Sources in the village said the woman and her husband were fast asleep in their house when they heard noises outside.The Telegraph, 2 months ago
Centre modifies SC/ST (Prevention of Atrocities) Act for speedy justice
Demonstrators from Rabha tribe hold sticks as they block a road during a protest in at Dorapara in Goalpara district in the northeastern Indian state of Assam February 12, 2013. Indian police shot at hundreds of tribesmen and women in Assam on ...ABP Live, 2 months ago
Cop, militant killed in gunbattle
A policeman and a hardcore ULFA(I) militant were killed today in an encounter in Assam's Goalpara district, hours after a powerful blast at Dudhnoi, suspected to have been triggered by the outfit, claimed three lives. Superintendent of Police Nitul ...Business Standard, 2 months ago Militant, cop killed in Assam encounter News on Air, 2 months ago Rebel killed in encounter Calcutta Telegraph, 2 months ago
People urged to follow path of Bishnu Rabha
GOALPARA, June 24 - Bishnu Rabha Divas was organised by the Goalpara district administration and the Cultural Centre, Dudhnoi in association with the Bishnu Rabha Divas Udjapan Committee, constituted by the Goalpara District Democratic Youth Federation of ...The Assam Tribune, 5 days ago Cong wins 2; BJP, AIUDF 1 each in Goalpara The Assam Tribune, 1 month ago Campaigning reaches crescendo in Goalpara The Assam Tribune, 2 months ago
Zenith CC champs
GOALPARA, May 2 - Zenith Cricket Club won the title in the Goalpara District Sports Associations inter club cricket championship for the Moina and Himanshu Memorial Trophy.In the one-sided final played at the DN Singha Stadium, Goalpara yesterday, Zenith ...The Assam Tribune, 1 month ago Inter district cricket The Assam Tribune, 1 month ago International Yoga Day observed in State Assam Tribune, 1 week ago Zenith CC in final The Assam Tribune, 2 months ago
Barpeta girl freed, traffickers held
Dhubri, June 14: A teenager was rescued and two traffickers were arrested from Barpeta district in Assam last night. The 17-year-old girl, a resident of Barpeta town, was kidnapped by the traffickers, identified as Shahidul Islam Khan, 23, and ...Calcutta Telegraph, 2 weeks ago
Realtime News
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Product Information
|Format: Paperback
Number of Pages: 32
Vendor: HarperCollins
Dimensions: 10 X 10 (inches)
Availability: In Stock
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Volcanoes & EarthquakesThames & Kosmos / Other$33.20 Retail:
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Minerals, Rocks, Volcanoes & Earthquakes Gr. 4-7 - PDF Download [Download]Doug SylvesterRainbow Horizons Publishing / 1995 / PDF Download$8.99 Retail:
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Publisher's Description
Seymour Simon knows how to explain science to kids and make it fun. He was a teacher for over twenty years, has written more than 250 books, and has won multiple awards. In Earthquakes, Simon introduces elementary-school readers to earthquakes through engaging descriptions and stunning full-color photographs. He teaches readers why and how earthquakes happen and the damage they can cause through pictures, diagrams, and maps. He also gives real life examples of earthquakes that have occurred all over the world. This book includes a glossary and index.
Supports the Common Core State Standards
Author Bio
Seymour Simon has been called "the dean of the [children's science book] field" by the New York Times. He has written more than 250 books for young readers and has received the American Association for the Advancement of Science/Subaru Lifetime Achievement Award for his lasting contribution to children's science literature, the Science Books & Films Key Award for Excellence in Science Books, the Empire State Award for excellence in literature for young people, and the Educational Paperback Association Jeremiah Ludington Award. He and his wife, Liz, live in Great Neck, New York. You can visit him online at www.seymoursimon.com, where students can post on the "Seymour Science Blog" and educators can download a free four-page Teacher Guide to accompany this book, putting it in context with Common Core objectives. Join the growing legion of @seymoursimon fans on Twitter!


text:
Cherryville Newswire
Comprehensive Real-Time News Feed for Cherryville, NC.
Results 1 - 1 of 1 for "u:bluegrasstoday.com" in Cherryville, NC
Darin & Brooke at The Scruggs Center w/Photo
The Earl Scruggs Center in Shelby, NC has caught the attention of music fans worldwide since it's opening in January of 2014. The modern museum, established in an historic restored courthouse, celebrates the life and music of Earl Scruggs, and the culture and folklore of Cleveland County where Scruggs was raised. Comment?
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G-rated Charlaine Harris
By Wordcandy on July 08, 2014
BlogHer Network
According to THR, Hallmark is planning to adapt author Charlaine Harris's eight-book Aurora Teagarden series into an unknown number of movies for their "Original Mystery Wheel Franchise". The films will star and be co-produced by former Full House actor Candace Cameron Bure (who's extremely religious), so I'm assuming the content will be about a thousand times more family-friendly than TV's other Harris adaptation: HBO's True Blood. . . .
Read more from G-rated Charlaine Harris at Wordcandy
Follow BlogHer
Most Popular
10 Perfect Sips with Chateau
Chateau Ste. Michelle ALWAYS delivers remarkable wine experiences. We asked our bloggers to try Chateau Ste. Michelle wine and share the story behind their perfect sip. Read their reviews plus get a chance to win $100! Read more
Latest comments
Protect Your Child's Teeth
The enamel of baby teeth and new adult teeth is vulnerable to damage. Help protect your child's teeth for years to come by using ProNamel 6-12 Years Toothpaste. Read our bloggers' posts and see you should start your kids with using ProNamel 6-12 Years Toothpaste plus get a chance to win $100! Read more


text:
This project started when we were implementing the SITA/ NLSA open source Library Information Management System (LIMS), says Lesiba Ledwaba, CIO National Library of South Africa and head of project.
What does LIMS stand for?
LIMS stands for Library Information Management System
This definition appears frequently and is found in the following Acronym Finder categories:
- Information technology (IT) and computers
See other definitions of LIMS
Other Resources:
We have 35 other meanings of LIMS in our Acronym Attic
- Abbreviation Database Surfer
- « Previous
- Next »
- Lipocalin-1 Interacting Membrane Receptor (molecular biology)
- [not an acronym] (formerly Life Insurance and Market Research Association)
- Limited Release
- Linear Induction Motor Research Vehicle
- Laban Institute for Movement Studies
- Laboratory Information Management System
- Land Information Management System (Canada)
- Lantfleet Information Management System
- Laser Ionization Mass Spectrometer
- Last Icon Maker Standing
- LIDAR Imaging and Measurement System (for Localization of Mobile Platforms)
- Limb Infrared Monitor of the Stratosphere
- Log Inventory Management System
- Logistics Information Management System
- Logistics Inventory Management System
- Longbow Integrated Maintenance System (Apache helicopter)
- Low Intensity Magnetic Separator
- Logistics Installations and Mission Support - Enterprise View (US Air Force)
- Lithuanian Medical Students' Association
- Long Island Moving and Storage Association
Samples in periodicals archive:
The integrated solution combines Geac's StreamLine(TM) enterprise resource planning (ERP) system and Vubis Smart, the most recent release of Geac's library information management system.
West said that combining its new filing system, WestFile Service, with the IBM Digital Library information management system provides a direct link from an attorney's desktop to the court's desktop.
Before joining Viewlogic, she was a program manager at Mentor Graphics Corporation (Beaverton, Oregon) where she conceived and developed Mentor's Library Information Management System (LIMS) which solved customers' implementation problems and generated on-going revenue for the company.
ALS library information management systems meet the needs of research, public, corporate, medical, and K-12 school libraries.
Before joining Viewlogic, she was a program manager at Mentor Graphics Corporation (Beaverton, Oregon) where she conceived and developed Mentor's Library Information Management System (LIMS) which solved implementation problems and generated on-going revenue for the company.


text:
graphic design jobs near Germantown, TN
Refine your searchClear Filters
Date Added
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Sr Graphic Design Specialist, Ardmore, OK
The Samuel Roberts Noble Foundation - United States
Logos, brochures, newsletters, postcards, posters, signage, editorial design and web graphics. A bachelors degree in graphic design or a related field and 5...
Dean of the School of Art & Design - Relocation to New York, NY
Fashion Institute of Technology - United States
The School of Art and Design offers programs in Accessories Design, Advertising Design, Communication Design, Computer Animation and Interactive Media, Visual...
Web Designer
Vaco Technology - Memphis, TN
3+ years experience with user interface design including color theory, layout, typography, corporate identity and branding....
Computer Training System Analyst III
FedEx Express - Memphis, TN
Five (5) years related system experience in the design, development, planning and/or integration of hardware/software training systems and/or wide area networks...
Designer Planner IV (Electrical) (ONGOING)
Chugach Alaska Corporation - United States
Develops graphic analysis charts, schematic sketches, programmatic outlines, design development, and assists in the compilation of complete Construction...
Graphic Designer - (Relocate to China)
Beijing Harmay International Trade Co.,Ltd - United States
3.Able to perform web design or graphic design independently, expert at brand image design. Responsible for making HARMAY brand visual design according to the...
Graphic Designer - (Relocate to China)
Miniso - United States
3.Able to perform design project independently,expert at product packing,advertisement,brand image design. 3.Responsible for the design of packing,instruction...
Marketing Coordinator
Santa Barbara Beach & Golf Resort, Curacao - United States
Graphic Design experience preferred (Photoshop, InDesign, Illustrator, etc) 1-2 years of Marketing experience in a relevant field (Previous Hospitality...
Graphic Design Manager- Relocation Opportunity
ShopBop - United States
Shopbop seeks an experienced Graphic Design Manager to lead our web design team. The Graphic Design Manager is responsible for designing and concepting...
Technical Writer - 6 mths +
AGENTE TECHNICAL - United States
Consults with editor, illustration and final production staff on contractual specifications, graphic requirements, production schedules, formatting and...


text:
ANC - ABS CBN News 24/7, Regional TV. Pinoy, Philippines. Latest Videos. Philippine News..
4.8 out of 5 stars based on 2,068 total reviews
Aklon, Philippines, Music. 64kbps Super Radyo Kalibo
539 votes
, Philippines, Regional. 32kbps Manaoag Christian
116 votes
Iloilo, Philippines, Lite Rock. 64kbps MBC Station Plays Variety Of Lite Rock And Contemporary Hits
Bacolod, Philippines, Smooth Jazz. 32kbps , Smooth Hits. Cadiz City, Escalante, Himamaylan City
122 votes
General Santos, Philippines, Lite Rock. 64kbps MBC Station Plays Variety Of Lite Rock And Contemporary Hits
Manila, Philippines, Regional. 128kbps
82 votes
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45 of 46 people found the following review helpful
All you need to know,
Verified Purchase(What is this?)
This review is from: The Art and Science of Low Carbohydrate Performance (Paperback)
I've been eating a ketogenic diet/LCHF (≤ 5 E% carbs, 15-20 E% protein and 75-80 E% fat) for appr. 15 months now and haven't been in a better physical shape in my entire adult life. I'm 45 yo. From the beginning (jan 2012) it was an experiment and I didn't know much about low carb until a friend of mine told me ha was on a LCHF diet/lifestyle and felt so good. The first few days on LCHF my body just calmed down and my cravings for snacks disappeared, after five days my IBS-problems (since appr. 15 years) disappeared and after five months I had lost 10 kg (22 lbs) from my original 68 kg (150 lbs) to 58 kg (128 lbs), without hunger. After six months I coldn't sit still anylonger and took up running for the first time in 13 years. Slowly but surely I got back my fitness and strength and now I run 12-15 km comfortably. At that time I didn't know much about a ketogenic diet but felt great even during longer runnig sessions. I've read a lot of books (by Gary Taubes and others) and blogs on the internet (mostly Peter Attias [... and primalnorth.blogspot.ca) and have been building on my "knowledge database". A month ago I started training CrossFit and was a little worried that my very low carb diet wouldn't be enough (too little carbs) to let my muscles and body recover, but boy was I wrong. I'm doing three to four WODs a week and I feel great. I bought and read "The Art and Science of Low Carbohydrate Performance" to understand how the body works in a ketogenic state and when doing hard workouts. The book is an easy read but will challange your beliefs if you've been living with the dogma that a lot of carbs are necessary to keep your body going for a long time or to do hard workouts. Volek and Phinney explains why and how low carb performance works, and if you have an open mind and try it out yourself you will never go back to carb loading and filling your body with junk. Read and learn, and have the body and fittness of a healthy 20 yo. It's absolutely possible!
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wifi test engineer jobs near Redmond, WA
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Software Development Engineer in Test
Nytec, Inc - Redmond, WA
Software Development Engineer in Test. Design and development of test plans for specific programs. Ability to deal with ambiguity, and define test plans from...
Senior Electrical Engineer - SOC/SOM Board Design
EchoNous Inc. - Seattle, WA
Experience with WiFi integration and certification. Proficiency with developing board level tests to ensure module specification is met....
Electronics Hardware Test Engineer
Artech Information Systems - Redmond, WA
Electronics hardware test and verification of RF and Wi-Fi technologies (802.11/a/b/g/n) Cadence ORCAD Wireless Hardware Design (Radio, Bluetooth, WiFi, Zigbee)...
Hardware Test Engineer
Nytec Inc - Redmond, WA
Hardware Test Engineer II Location:. DOE/DOQ + Top Benefits Nytec is looking for a Hardware Test Engineer II in Redmond area....
Software/Controls Engineer
NuWest Group - Everett, WA
WiFi), TCP/IP, CAN, I2C, SPI, RS-232, RS-485, etc. The Software Controls Engineer will work with electromechanical processes and equipment that perform software...
Hardware Development Engineer II - AMZ1514- Relocation Opportunity
Amazon Corporate LLC - United States
Hardware Development Engineer II. Integrating RF technologies such as WIFI, BT, or GPS; Master's degree or foreign equivalent in Physics, Applied Physics,...
Senior Mobile Application Developer
Nokia Siemens Networks - United States
2 years experience working with mobile attached accessories (Bluetooth LE, WiFi, NFC). Write maintainable code with extensive test coverage following TDD/BDD...
Wireless/Wifi /LTE test Engineer
KRG Technologies Inc - Redmond, WA
Testing as per the MBIM spec for Modem Interface - plan the test approach and scope, write test cases, execute test cases, record and manage defects,....
Android test engineer/ IOS test engineer/ QA test engineer
Zenith Talent - Kirkland, WA
Test by reviewing existing and newly-submitted tests for correctness and usability, creating new tests where missing, updating, improving, and correcting tests...
RF Test Engineer
Vega Consulting - Redmond, WA
RF Test Engineer*. We are seeking consumer device experienced RF Test Engineers for a long term opportunity in Redmond, WA....


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Today's Devotional
VictoryWhat battles are you facing these days?
Let's Make ItFacebook official!
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- Guys like you make us look BadBless the fall music viddemetri12010-10-01T22:22:087,177 views00:04:10
- Three Days Grace - Never Too LateNever Too Late by Three Days Grace. This is not a christian band but they helped me get by w/ this song before I found Jesus.rockerbabe232010-10-01T22:23:1619,883 views00:03:27
- Skillet - Last NightI seriously think they should've made a music vid of this.rockerbabe232010-10-01T22:32:0810,475 views00:03:25
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As the BFE zeppelin flies toward their base, your thoughts turn to the poor souls left at Lake's camp and the city. Time to pull yourselves together and save as many of them as you can.
This is a continuation Call of Cthulhu Beyond the Mountains of Madness campaign. Anyone is welcome to join we have a couple of NPCs that could be played as characters. The end is near. Ph'nglui mglw'nafh Cthulhu R'lyeh wgah'nagl fhtagn!
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2 words found.
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Richie Lesmes played just one year of PSAL soccer. But what a year it was.
The talented center midfielder led Newtown to an undefeated regular season and its first city championship berth since 1999, earning TimesLedger PSAL Player of the Year honors.
What may be even more amazing is that Lesmes, who is being recruited by Division I programs Boston College, St. Francis College, St. Johns, Virginia Commonwealth and Holy Cross, was one of the top PSAL players despite not playing his best soccer for much of the season.
At times I felt out of shape, not at my highest level, Lesmes said. But every game I tried to do whatever I could to help my team win.
Lesmes played with his brother David Lesmes, a freshman midfielder at St. Francis College, at national powerhouse St. Benedicts in Newark, N.J. but transferred back to Monsignor McClancy to be closer to home last spring.
Because of financial constraints, Lesmes left McClancy in search of a new school for his senior year. Lesmes thought about attending Holy Cross and playing along side TimesLedger CHSAA Player of the Year Tamer Mohamed in the midfield, but when those plans fell through, the Jackson Heights resident was ready to attend Bryant, which he thought was his zoned school.
But he reached a dead end there as well, when a guidance counselor at the school informed him he was actually zoned for Newtown. Not knowing anything about the rich soccer tradition at the school, Lesmes simply walked in the door and onto a team already considered a contender for the PSAL title.
I believe in fate and I think I was destined to end up at Newtown, and Im happy with the result, Lesmes said. To play for them was great.
Despite his impressive soccer credentials, which included playing for the Brooklyn Knights Premier Development League team comprised almost exclusively of Division I players, Lesmes was the epitome of a team player on a very talented Newtown team.
I didnt try to come in and be the team, Lesmes said. I respect the guys on the team and I worked for them.
After playing below his standards during the regular season, Lesmes stepped up his game in the playoffs. He scored the game-winner against league rival Grover Cleveland and the overtime winner against Tottenville in the semifinals.
But his best performance came in the quarterfinals against Julia Richman. With his team trailing 1-0, Lesmes led the charge, scoring two first-half goals including the game-winner on a penalty shot and added an assist on the Pioneers third goal in what turned out to be a 6-1 rout.
The playoffs are the place where I could stand out more, Lesmes said. It was my way of showing people what Im about and what our team was about.
©2003 Community News Group
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text:
DOD Service Academies:
Status Report on Reviews of Student Treatment
T-NSIAD-92-41: Published: Jun 2, 1992. Publicly Released: Jun 2, 1992.
Additional Materials:
- Full Report:
(202) 512-4800
GAO discussed the preliminary results of an ongoing review of student treatment issues at the U.S. Military Academy, the U.S. Naval Academy, and the U.S. Air Force Academy. GAO noted that: (1) at all three academies, hazing-type treatment occurs more frequently than officially filed charges would imply, despite prohibitions against it; (2) women and minorities did not fare as well as other groups with respect to academic, physical education, and military performance grades, although there was no evidence of deliberate or systematic efforts to treat those groups differently; (3) sexual harassment occurs more frequently at all three academies than is reported to officials, although students generally agreed that if the harassment were reported, the incident would be thoroughly investigated and the offender would be disciplined; (4) there was also general consensus that there were significant negative consequences to reporting harassment, and a relatively small number of conduct cases were reported involving harassment charges at all three academies; (5) the military performance systems at the academies were flawed because the systems were trait-oriented rather than performance-oriented, and some systems had disparate effects in terms of minorities' grades and, to a lesser extent women's grades; (6) the academies generally provide the minimal due process rights stipulated by the courts and some additional rights, with limitations; and (7) at all three academies there was a lack of consensus as to what constituted an honor offense.
Jun 30, 2016
Defense Headquarters:Geographic Combatant Commands Rely on Subordinate Commands for Mission Management and ExecutionGAO-16-652R: Published: Jun 30, 2016. Publicly Released: Jun 30, 2016.
Defense Headquarters:Improved Data Needed to Better Identify Streamlining and Cost Savings Opportunities by FunctionGAO-16-286: Published: Jun 30, 2016. Publicly Released: Jun 30, 2016.
Jun 29, 2016
Defense Contracting:Complete Historical Data Not Available on Canceled DOD SolicitationsGAO-16-502R: Published: Jun 29, 2016. Publicly Released: Jun 29, 2016.
Jun 28, 2016
Casualty Assistance:DOD and the Coast Guard Need to Develop Policies and Outreach Goals and Metrics for Program Supporting Servicemembers' SurvivorsGAO-16-569: Published: Jun 28, 2016. Publicly Released: Jun 28, 2016.
Defense Civil Support:DOD Has Made Progress Incorporating the Homeland Response Force into the Chemical, Biological, Radiological, and Nuclear Response EnterpriseGAO-16-599: Published: Jun 28, 2016. Publicly Released: Jun 28, 2016.
Jun 23, 2016
Defense Facility Condition:Revised Guidance Needed to Improve Oversight of Assessments and RatingsGAO-16-662: Published: Jun 23, 2016. Publicly Released: Jun 23, 2016.
Jun 20, 2016
Electronic Waste:DOD Is Recovering Materials, but Several Factors May Hinder Near-Term Expansion of These EffortsGAO-16-576: Published: Jun 20, 2016. Publicly Released: Jun 20, 2016.
Jun 15, 2016
Military Training:DOD Met Annual Reporting Requirements in Its 2016 Sustainable Ranges ReportGAO-16-627: Published: Jun 15, 2016. Publicly Released: Jun 15, 2016.
Jun 9, 2016
Defense Inventory:Further Analysis and Enhanced Metrics Could Improve Service Supply and Depot OperationsGAO-16-450: Published: Jun 9, 2016. Publicly Released: Jun 9, 2016.
Littoral Combat Ship:Need to Address Fundamental Weaknesses in LCS and Frigate Acquisition StrategiesGAO-16-356: Published: Jun 9, 2016. Publicly Released: Jun 9, 2016.
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A look at what's happening across the region
An 18-year-old man has died after he came off his 125 cc scooter in the Scottish Borders.
It happened at about 11:35 am on Saturday on a road between Ayton to Reston.
The man died at the scene.
Kerrie Gosney brings you Saturday night's forecast
Showers turning heavy with a risk of thunder. Dry and bright start on Sunday, cloudy and wet from the west later
Scotland's First Minister said her government will seek 'immediate discussions' with Brussels to "protect Scotland's place in the EU".


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Axel-In-Charge: Facing the 'Divided' Marvel NOW! Future
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Writer John Ostrander spoke with CBR News about continuining his "Star Wars" run at Dark Horse with the second adventure of Imperial agent Jahan Cross beginning in October.
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Pop QuizGuess the Engagement Ring!
Who wears a $5 million ring? Who flashes a black diamond? See how well you know the rocks that got these girls to say "I do!" By Cara Lynn Shultz
CREDIT: Dave Allocca / Startraks
Published: Tuesday June 09, 2009 06:00 AM EDT
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- Hillary Clinton Takes Giant Selfie with Digital Content Creators at Town Hall Discussion: 'We Have to Send This to Ellen!'
- John Mayer Says He's 'Ready' to Find His Next Girlfriend: 'I'm More Mature Than I've Ever Been'


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Date: 1899-04-06
Description: Street view showing Alma Milling Co. building on fire. Photograph was taken from Gerhard Gesell's studio balcony.
Date: 1916 ca.
Description: Light colored Ford speedster is parked on the sidewalk in front of Schoelkopf's dealership at 210 E. Washington Avenue. There is a Ford sign in the show wi...
Date: 1937
Description: Elevated view of two children boarding an International D-3 bus with a 19 foot Hicks body.
Date: 1900 ca.
Description: View down center of unpaved Main Street, lit by Nernst lamps. On the left side of the street is M.L. Nelson's office at 119. On the right side of the stree...
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Description: View from street towards the H.H. Ratcliff Company, jewelers and opticians, at 29 S. Pinckney Street. Across the street, the building on the corner of Main...
Date: 1957-08
Description: Women workers on strike against the Holly Farms Poultry Company, posed outside for a "solidarity" picture. Dorothy Johnson, wearing the third picket sign f...
Date: 1940-07-18 ca.
Description: Page from the log book of bike hosteling trips sponsored by Neighborhood House. Trip participants were Anita Genna, Florence Quartuccio, Lily Caruso, Franc...
Date: 1914-08-20 ca.
Description: View from across the street of 4th Ward Square. Individuals sitting on benches and grass in the park. Caption on glass plate reads, "4th Ward Square".
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Description: Winter scene with sleds and sleighs on a snow-covered street in Black River Falls, Wisconsin. The man in center sleigh is probably Moses Paquette.
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Description: Close-up of restored embossed metal ceiling of Stoughton Opera House.
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Date: 1887-05-19
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Date: 1963-08-17
Description: Elevated view of Grand Champion soap box coaster crossing the finish line.
Date: 1925-03-21
Description: A man loads wooden crates onto the bed of an International Model S truck owned by Herbert Brothers furniture merchants. A row of baby strollers is lined u...
Description: Teacher and students pose on logs in front of a clapboard one-room schoolhouse.
Date: 1969 ca.
Description: View of rock debris in a construction site. A construction crane, dump truck and a construction worker are in the background.
Date: 1963
Description: An International CO-192 truck leads a 25-piece circus parade through downtown streets. The parade originated at Circus World Museum in Baraboo. Additional...
Date: 1912
Description: View down a town street featuring Mission Supply Company. Children sit outside the store on the front step.
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ASB Bank annual profit record $806 million
Relevant offers
Financial Results
Higher profit margins and increased interest income have pushed ASB Bank's net profit for the year to a record $806 million.
The Australian-owned bank's profit for the year to June 30 rose 14 per cent from last year's $705m haul.
ASB's home-loan book increased by just 3 per cent, in the face of intense competition and the Reserve Bank's loan-to-value ratio restrictions.
However, lower funding costs meant its net interest margin, which represents the premium it adds before lending money, rose from 2.25 per cent to 2.38 per cent.
The bank achieved above market average growth in business and rural lending, up 8 per cent, and funds management income up 6 per cent.
Costs associated with the move to ASB's new North Wharf headquarters and ongoing investment in IT infrastructure pushed expenses up by 4 per cent.
However, that was more than offset by an overall 9 per cent increase in operating income.
Loan impairment expenses were flat, remaining near historical lows at $56m.
ASB chief executive Barbara Chapman said the improving New Zealand economy had "undoubtedly played a role" in the overall result, with rising confidence and solid lending growth.
"Both deposit and lending volumes have been positive compared to the prior year," she said.
On a cash profit basis, which is the bank's preferred measure because it excludes one-off distortions, profits were up by 11 per cent to $776m.
The record bank profits of recent years have been heavily criticised by politicians and trade unions.
Chapman said ASB acknowledged the importance of balancing profitability with "our role as a good corporate citizen".
ASB is the first of the major banks to report its annual result, as it follows a different financial year from its competitors.
Parent company the Commonwealth Bank of Australia delivered its fifth consecutive record annual profit, as expected by the market.
CBA's profit rose 13 per cent to A$8.63 billion (NZ$9.5b), while its cash profit of A$8.68b is the biggest ever recorded by an Australian bank.
CBA said it would lift its final dividend to A$2.18 per share, beating analysts' expectations.
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Late pay for Jetstar NZ staff after ANZ bank glitch
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The top tenth of Kiwis hold well over half of New Zealand's wealth
Britons clean post offices out of Irish passport application forms
Police find pair from fatal crash mystery car
World No 772 and part-time coach Marcus Willis wins in Wimbledon dreamland
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Former Wanaka Lakes Health Centre manager Richard Beven stole $730k
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Tawera Wichman pleads guilty to manslaughter of baby in Upper Hutt
Capital concern: The four major events that could spell doom for Wellington
England captain Wayne Rooney turns in disastrous display in Iceland embarrassment


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Comments about 'Letter: The real D-Day'
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Blue Bolshevik
Salt Lake City, UT
What other power were defeated then? The Italians? They were already defeated. The Soviet Union was running strong and headed for Berlin.
- 2:13 a.m. June 7, 2014
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Kearns, UT
"The allies scored a defeat"? I think that you meant a victory.
- 10:56 a.m. June 9, 2014
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