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The Red Bank Lions are growling again.
And they're enjoying being on the basketball court more now than at any time during a dismal 2012-13 season when they lost 17 of the last 18 games -- by an average margin of 23 points -- to finish 4-26, according to coachT.com's website. Included in the frustrating skid was an 81-48 loss to Hixson.
On Tuesday, it was a different story written by a much different team.
Red Bank built a 16-point lead in the second half, withstood a furious Hixson rally and held on for a 65-58 District 6-AA high school basketball victory – the Lions' seventh this season.
"We work way harder this year and we're more motivated," said sophomore Kobe Suttles, who scored a game-high 16 points, including his team's first nine to start the game. "We never got to .500 after our first two games last year. So this feels good to be seven-seven."
Hixson salvaged a varsity double-header split when the Lady Wildcats, who are in first place in the district, went ahead by 19 points after three quarters and cruised to a 54-39 win over the Lady Lions.
Coach Corey Lazenby's Lions trailed 2-0 on a putback basket by Hixson's Robert Glass 45 seconds into the first quarter, but Suttles got nine of the game's next 12 points for a 9-5 lead and the Wildcats never led again.
Three was Suttles' magic number in the opening offensive binge. He two 3s and dropped in three free throws. The next time Suttles scored was on a 3 from the left wing with 35 seconds left in the opening quarter, giving him 12 of the Lions' first 20 points.
"Suttles is stepping up and being a leader on our offense," Lazenby said. "We were six freshmen deep last year with no floor leadership. This group is more team oriented and has a real focus on defense."
While Hixson (4-5, 1-3) never overcame Red Bank's lead, it did cut the Lions' big lead to 59-56 with 1:49 left on a drive to the basket by guard Justice Alameda.
Suttles drove the lane for a layup as the Lions (7-7, 2-1) outscored the Wildcats 6-2 down the stretch to preserve the win, a game Suttles isn't sure they would have won last season.
"No, sir," he said, "I don't think we would have won a game like this last year. We didn't work hard last year. We didn't give our best effort all the time, but I know we're better now and last year has motivated us. We want to improve and be better than we were."
Red Bank got a 3 from Malik Beavers with 40.6 seconds left in the second quarter for a 35-29 halftime advantage.
Beavers, one of four Lions in double figures with 12 points, opened the third quarter with a layup and then Malik Davis duplicated Beavers' play and the Lions had their biggest lead of the game at 39-29.
Hixson's QuDarius Smith's layup stopped the Lions short run, but Red Bank's Tradell Autry drained a 3 and Suttles dropped in a floater to give push the margin to 44-31.
When Beavers nailed a 3 with 1:02 left in the quarter the Lions had their first 17-point lead at 53-36.
"Red Bank shot the ball extremely well," Hixson coach Alex Disbrow said. "We weathered the storm in the first half to stay with them. No matter what defense we were in they were making shots, and some were well-contested.
"Their little guard (Suttles) is sneaky quick and makes the right reads when he gets to the rim. I've never seen a Red Bank team shoot like this. They're hard to guard."
Hixson never quit on Disbrow.
With the deficit at 53-36, the Wildcats went on an 18-5 run – it ended on layups by Christian Harden and Alem Diaz, a 3 by Chandler Abbott and two free throws from William Nelson – and sliced the Lions' lead to 58-54 with 3:38 remaining.
Red Bank's Johnny Goodman hit 1 of 2 free throws to end a 4-minute, 5-second scoreless drought and push the lead to 59-54 with 2:01 on the clock.
Still, the Wildcats wouldn't go away.
Alameda drove the baseline to trim the deficit to 59-56 at the 1:49 mark.
Suttles drove the lane for a layup.
Smith did the same thing for Hixson and the margin was 61-58 with 1:20 left.
Goodman made a layup off a Malik McConnell assist with 44.1 seconds on the clock and after four straight misses from the free-throw line, McConnell hit two free throws for the final seven-point spread.
"This team has definitely matured a lot," Lazenby said. "We're sharing the ball on offense better, but the foundation of our team is still defense."
William Davis scored 14 points for the Lions and McConnell finished with 10.
Smith was the only Wildcats player in double figures with 12 points. Diaz had 11 rebounds and Abbott pulled down eight.
"We fought our tails off to get back in the game," Disbrow said. "We cut it to three, but then ran out of bounds and fell down (for turnovers). My kids never game up and I'll never get after them for playing their hearts out."
Disbrow said the Wildcats hit just 14 of 25 free throws (56 percent) and were an abysmal 16 percent (4 of 25) from 3-point distance.
"But we were still in the ballgame, but those numbers don't equal a victory," he said.
In the girls game, Hixson's Cierra Taylor's performance was instrumental in the district-leading Lady Wildcats (9-1, 5-0) never being seriously challenged by the Lady Lions (1-14, 0-3).
Taylor scored a game-high 17 points, including two 3s.
T.T. Staten added 10 points and McKenna Massengale tossed in nine, all in the first half to help Hixson build a 22-12 halftime lead.
Still, Hixson coach Matt Smith wasn't all that thrilled with his team's overall performance.
"Red Bank outplayed us in every area of the game," he said. "We just made a few more shots than they did. Red Bank out-hustled us, out-rebounded us and seemed to want it more than we did.
"Right now we're not playing like a first-place team, but having said that we are a good basketball team. We've got East Ridge and Central coming up right after the Christmas break and we'll know a lot more about where we stand then."
Sophomores Danielle Usher and Autumn Babb lead Red Bank with 15 and 11 points, respectively. Babb made two of the Lady Lions' four 3-pionters.
The Lady Lions led 30-16 late in the third quarter and outscored the Lady Wildcats 9-1down the stretch to open a 39-20 advantage.
Hixson freshman Shawnquell Standfield hit a field goal and Taylor, a senior, made two free throws and the Lady Wildcats' lead swelled to 43-20 starting the fourth quarter.
Red Bank outscored Hixson, 19-15, in the fourth quarter, but never got closer than 14 points of the lead.
Girls Game
Red Bank 6 6 8 19 – 39
Hixson 10 12 17 15 – 54
Red Bank (39) – Autumn Babb 11, A. Brown 9, D. Brown 3, Danielle Usher 15, Jones, Hughes, Maddox.
Hixson (54) – Yates 4, Cierra Taylor 17, T. T. Staten 10, Massengale 9, White 2, Rivers 1, Standfield 6, Nelson 2, Johnson 2, Jett 1.
3-Point Goals: Red Bank 4 (Babb 2, A. Brown 2); Hixson 2 (Taylor 2).
Boys Game
Red Bank 20 15 18 12 – 65
Hixson 15 14 11 18 – 58
Red Bank (65) – Davis 3, Kobe Suttles 16, Pittman, Goodman 7, Autry 3, William Davis 14, Malik Beavers 12, Malik McConnell 10.
Hixson (58) – Alameda 8, Nelson 5, QuDarius Smith 12, Beatty 2, Carver, Cooper 2, Glass 0, Daiz 2, Parker, Abbott 9, Weaver 2, Harden 2, Coleman 2.
3-Point Goals: Red Bank 8 (Suttles 3, Beavers 2, Autry, Davis); Hixson 4 (Alameda 2, Nelson 1, Abbott).
(E-mail Larry Fleming at email@example.com)
June 25, 2016
The Chattanooga FC men clinched their fifth NPSL conference title Saturday night with a 1-1 win at Memphis. The men are now 7-0-1 in league play. The game was tied 0-0 at the ... (click for more)
The Jackson Generals scored five runs in the third inning on their way to an 8-2 win over the Chattanooga Lookouts. The loss was the Lookouts first of the second half. Jackson got off ... (click for more)
University of Tennessee at Chattanooga junior Paul Stuart (Brentwood, Tenn.) was named Academic All-America by the College Sports Information Directors of America (CoSIDA). Stuart ... (click for more)
The Chattanooga FC men clinched their fifth NPSL conference title Saturday night with a 1-1 win at Memphis. The men are now 7-0-1 in league play. The game was tied 0-0 at the half. CFC David Finlay finished a Luis Trude pass in the 47th minute to take the 1-0 lead. Memphis scored int he 53rd minute to tie the game at one. The men will host ... (click for more)
The Jackson Generals scored five runs in the third inning on their way to an 8-2 win over the Chattanooga Lookouts. The loss was the Lookouts first of the second half. Jackson got off to a good start by scoring a quick run in the first inning. Chattanooga annswered in the bottom of the frame with a Mitch Garver single. The floodgates opened in the third inning ... (click for more)
A fire destroyed a barbeque restaurant on Highway 58 on Friday afternoon. Chattanooga firefighters were dispatched to the Highway 58 BBQ around 6 p.m. The business is located at 4921 Highway 58. Though the business was housed in a small building, the flames and smoke could be seen from a long distance away. Captain Teri Rose with Quint 6 said the ... (click for more)
A second Independent candidate may be on the ballot for sole commissioner of Walker County in the election on Nov. 8. Perry D. Lamb, Jr. has been working toward collecting the necessary 1,640 signatures of registered voters on a petition. His campaign said he is close to the goal. Incumbent Bebe Heiskell is running an an Independent. Election officials said since she was ... (click for more)
Last Monday morning while at work a good friend messaged me concerning a matter that I had not heard anything about dealing with Coolidge Park and its future. Apparently that night the City Council was to read an ordinance that would allow the mayor to start negotiations with the relocation of the Medal of Honor Museum. This ordinance would enable the city to lease approximately ... (click for more)
Coeur d'Alene, Idaho, is a really cool place. I tried to buy a huge mounted buffalo head in an antique store there one time until I found out the shipping charges were four times what the head was worth. But suddenly my rapt attention is riveted on Coeur d'Alene again because a dazzling social experiment is taking place this very moment at a plush resort in north Idaho. Several ... (click for more)


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Quote, unquote: just-food's week in words
Arla Foods revealed 250 jobs could be cut as it drives efficiency and tries to keep pace with its international competitors - and admitted more could be made. The race to buy frozen food giant Iglo Group also continued to make the headlines and this week Thai food manufacturer CP Foods was linked to the business. Meanwhile, in the US, Kellogg "refreshed" its 106-year-old namesake brand, although industry watchers suggested the cereal maker might have to do more to drive sales.
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'Breaking Bad': On the set of the final 8 episodes
Bryan Cranston and the cast of "Breaking Bad" on the set for the final eight episodes, airing this summer on AMC.
Newsday.com now uses Facebook for our comment boards. Please read our guidelines and connect your Facebook account to comment.
Billy Joel gives surprise performance in Huntington 89-year-old veteran receives high school diploma After Orlando shootings, Suffolk police get watchful Army vet fights back from injuries in hit-and-run 'A Whole New World' at Ward Melville prom Cops: 5 injured in crash on Montauk Highway in Bellport Puppy of the day: Arlo LI boxing champ gets hero's welcome at day job Newsday's 2016 Project Prom winner goes to dance in readers' top-voted dress Transgender student to be named Northport prom king Dismay on Long Island for Supreme Court immigration ruling Hearing set for VLT casino at Islandia Marriott


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text: Benefits NFL Refs Lose Pension Battle September 27, 2012 (PLANSPONSOR.com) – Pension accruals for National Football League officials will soon be ending. By Rebecca Moore email@example.com | September 27, 2012 According to news reports, the NFL and the referees union reached a tentative deal that will be voted on this weekend. Pension accruals will continue for current refs through 2016, at which time they will be offered a 401(k) plan. Any new refs hired between now and then will only be offered the 401(k). The deal is good news for coaches, players and fans that have complained about controversial calls from replacement refs (see "Pension Battle Affecting NFL Games"). Officials will be back on the job immediately. Tagged: Defined-Benefit related articles related research most e-mailed DB Plan Q&AEthical Considerations From plansponsor.com Now Is Not the Time for De-Risking DBsPension Funding Dips in MayDB Pension Buyouts Reached a Milestone in Q1PBGC Data Tables Show Serious UnderfundingDB Plan Sponsors Focusing Attention on FundingBorrowing to Fund Is a De-Risking Strategy for DB Plans DB Plan Q&AEthical Considerations From plansponsor.com 2016 Recordkeeping Survey2016 Participant Survey2016 PLANSPONSOR Health Savings Account Buyer's Guide 2015 PLANSPONSOR DC Survey: Plan Benchmarking2015 Defined Contribution Survey2015 PLANSPONSOR Managed Account Buyer's Guide DB Plan Q&AEthical Considerations From plansponsor.com Analysis Finds Concerning Differences in Retirement Income CalculatorsCourt Moves Forward Great-West ERISA SuitCourt Finds Former Participant Is a Plan FiduciaryPSNC 2016 DOL and IRS AuditsMortality Table Updates go to news topic


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The U.S. Commerce Department's International Trade Administration released a report Wednesday, showing that 92 percent of more than $1.3 trillion worth of U.S. goods exported in 2015 were likely affected by foreign technical regulations.
The Arab ocean carrier's shareholders would own 28 percent of the combined company, while the existing shareholders of Hapag-Lloyd would own 72 percent of the new company.
Over 50 percent of respondents said their business would be impacted by a vote for the United Kingdom to leave the EU, but just 18.4 percent had a plan in place in the event of a Brexit, according to a recent survey conducted by Logistics Manager.
Registration takes less than 1 minute.
German ocean carrier Hapag-Lloyd reached an agreement with United Arab Shipping Company on a merger that would make Hapag-Lloyd the fifth largest container carrier in the world.
The Calgary-based Class I railroad cited lower-than-anticipated bulk volumes, the devastating wildfires in northern Alberta and a strengthening Canadian dollar as the primary reasons for the downward revision in earnings expectations.
Port of Seattle picks head of environment and the Port of Brownsville elects chairman, while K+N names global head of air freight and IATA appoints chairman.


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Taarak Mehta Ka Ooltah Chashmah - Episode 876 - 21st May 2012
The show is inspired from the famous humorous column 'Duniya Ne Undha Chasma' written by the eminent Gujarati writer Mr. Tarak Mehta. This story evolves around happenings in "Gokuldham Co-operative Society" and covers topical issues which are socially relevant.The show predominantly - Promoolves around 'Jethalaal' (Dilip Joshi) who is an uneducated Gujarati businessman. Your 'Taarak Mehta' (Sailesh Lodha), is his neighbour. 'Jethalaal' finds a friend and philosopher in 'Taarak Mehta' and often goes to him for advice whenever he is in trouble. Jethalaal's family includes his simpleton wife 'Daya Ben' (Disha Wakani) and a mischievous son 'Tapu' (Bhavya Gandhi). Tapu is a menace and a constant source of trouble to all the members of Gokuldham. They have often warned 'Jethalaal' to reform 'Tapu' or else be prepared to leave the premises. Lost hopes of being heard by his son pushes Jethalaal' to call his father 'Champaklal' (Amit Bhatt) from the village. This was his great idea of leashing some control over the mischievous Tapu. The opposite happens and the grandfather joins hands with the grandson to make life a roller coaster troublesome ride for Jethalaal.
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Narottam Morarjee Institute of Shipping (NMIS) held a simple ceremony yesterday to celebrate the upgradation of its premises in Mumbai and for having updated the study material in line with the latest developments. Set up in 1969 under the joint auspices of the Ministry of Shipping, government of India and the Indian Shipping Industry, the institute continues to be the only center in the country conducting a course in commercial shipping.
The Director General of Shipping Gautam Chatterjee was the chief guest, the Chairman of JNPT, N.N. Kumar and the CMD of Shipping Corporation of India (SCI) A. K. Gupta were the Guests of Honor. While releasing the new study material Mr Chatterjee stated that whatever circular/notices that are issued by the Indian adminstration should be first studied by the institute and it could simultaneously bring out their comments and explanatory note on these circulars would benefit the trade and industry.
The Institute's course has acquired international repute and it is validated by the Institute of Chartered Shipbrokers at London. The London Institute also gives exemptions in three papers out of their seven subjects for their examinations to the candidates who have successfully completed the course from this Institute. Our students are highly respected and sought after by shipping and associated industry with in and out side India.
Graduates of any recognized Universities in India or abroad can take up the Institute's two years' Post Graduate Diploma in Shipping Management course. However those who have passed a minimum of standard and have a work experience of minimum three years in shipping or related industry, can join the Institute's one year Associateship Course and later pursue the 2nd & final year for the higher Fellowship Course. The Associate ship course is equivalent to the First Year Post Graduate Diploma in Shipping Management and the Fellowship course is equivalent to the Final Year Post Graduate Diploma in Shipping Management.
Mr Umesh Grover the Chairman informed that the institutes plans to place all the learning material on line and move towards on line assessment.
Its Director, M.M. Saggi stated, "The students who do the course get immediately picked up by various organization for placement in their company with the result that we never had to create any structured program for providing employment." He was ever thankful that many of the graduates who are well placed in various organization including Mr A.K.Gupta, CMD of SCI keep patronising the institute in various ways and also finding time to come as a visiting faculty.
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Abe Foxman to head Museum of Jewish Heritage center for study of anti-Semitism
The former ADL chief has been working as a fellow at an Israeli think tank.
The former ADL chief has been working as a fellow at an Israeli think tank.
The National Yiddish Theatre Folksbiene is giving "The Golden Bride" its first revival since 1948. More ▸
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DC Metro Chapter – Maryland Saltwater Sportfishermen's Association
Live fishing reports, news, events and DCMSSA activities
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- Great meeting tonight with Capt Steve Goins. Everyone is gearing up for live-lining season. The spot should be here soon. #


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Overview of Michigan's advanced research computing resources, Monday, June 27, 9-10:30 am, BSRB - Kahn Auditorium
U-M's Data Science Initiative offers expanded consulting services via CSCAR
Elizabeth Bruch promoted to Associate Professor
PSC Brown Bags
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Thompson says LGBT social movement will bring new strength in push for tighter gun control
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Paula Lantz, Thomas Buchmueller, Helen Levy, and colleagues analyze policies designed to produce a culture of health via a newly funded research hub.
Michigan's Population Studies Center,
established in 1961, has a rich history as an interdisciplinary community of scholars in population research and training. PSC is one of five centers within the University of Michigan's Institute for Social Research (ISR). More...
PSC receives core funding from the Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health & Human Development (R24 HD041028) and the National Institute on Aging (P30 AG012846).


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06.30.2016 | 24 Sivan, 5776
Senator to 'Post': Congress acts to shut loophole on Palestinian convict stipends
Hamas official: Turkey already mediating prisoner swap between Israel and Hamas
Rocket sirens sound in southern Israeli communities near Gaza border
Slamming BDS criticism, Moroccan minister denies commercial relations with Israel
Turkey deal 'cornerstone' of stability in the region
Gold to 'Post': Quartet report could cause Israel diplomatic damage
Boosting Zionist education – within Israel
Defense Ministry seeks to end years of uncertainty over Israel's war preparedness
Divorced dads vow to 'make Bitan pay' for blocking controversial child custody bill
WATCH: Knesset brawl erupts after Arab Israeli MK calls IDF soldiers 'murderers'
Opera returns to Acre
Israeli cellist Amit Peled pays homage to predecessor
British soul diva Joss Stone to perform in Tel Aviv this month
Quentin Tarantino tops the guest list at the 33rd Jerusalem Film Fest
Israeli soccer star Eran Zahavi completes record transfer to Chinese club
Philip Stein, Optical International to vie for title
Israeli-Slovenian rowing duo making waves
Hapoel Jerusalem threatened with BSL suspension
Israelis shrug off fears of hi-tech bubble
Nazareth Hospital insists on serving only whole wheat bread
Health Ministry rankings seen boosting hospital performance
Brexit aftermath: Sky isn't falling
Weizmann study links viral infections in pregnant women to autism, schizophrenia risk
Alleged kidnapping of Yemenite children opens Pandora's box in Knesset
Israel leading a 'water revolution' in arid California
New desalination plant a 'mistake' or case of NIMBY syndrome?
Haifa ammonia production to be relocated– three years behind schedule
Summertime is here, but stay safe
Ongoing incitement
Herzog's intolerable deceit
The unknown legacy of a Japanese hero: Chiune Sugihara
Letters to the Editor
Report: Turkish intelligence warned of ISIS attack in Istanbul weeks ago
Deleting terror: US group works to search, destroy online ISIS propaganda
'Muslims killing Muslims in droves, but Israel the one being condemned'
'Terror against Turkey likely to continue and escalate'
High marijuana use a growing phenomenon in Iran
Iran regime trying to brush prostitution problems under the rug
Iranian commander threatens to make Bahrain's royal family 'disappear'
Iran claims it thwarts bombings in Tehran, other cities
Gaza-based pro-ISIS group urges Muslims on social media to donate for weapons
After Obama touts military gains, US officials warn campaign against ISIS could backfire
New French Immigrants: 'We don't see a future in France anymore'
From 'shidduch' to reality TV show
Turkish chief rabbi: The Jewish community is on edge
Famous Holocaust escape tunnel located in Lithuania using hi-tech
Another Israeli app wins a prize
Are Start-Up Nation's 'seven years of plenty' coming to an end?
TechCrunch Comes to Tel Aviv, hosts Meet-Up
Trump, Clinton respond to Turkey terror attack
Sanders appointee to 'Post': Democratic platform should include 'occupation,' right to boycott
Exclusive: For first time, Democrats to condemn BDS, recognize Palestinian right to self govern
Analysis: Trump, Clinton election to impact Israeli migrant dilemma
Viva Italia at Cafe Landwer!
WATCH: Deputy defense minister explains why IDF integrates soldiers with special needs
Star Catcher: Astrology for the week of June 24, 2016
Grapevine: Bursting out all over
Podcast: From Tel Aviv, a story of hope for Orlando
Briefing: 'King Bibi' pulls it together, again
Podcast: The mystery of Tel Aviv's Jane Doe alleys
Briefing: Liberman, Trump and fascism
Employees send their boss on a special vacation
WATCH: Kittens are the best audience
WATCH: 6ft Balloon Bursts in Slow Motion
22 Photographs where time really stood still
Global goals
A Jewish woman's view
The Iran nuclear deal: One year on
Is BDS headed for defeat?
Striving for kedusha
Lerner in the Mirror
Setting the record straight
Bye bye banks
Veterans: A colorful life
Books: Evil innate
Books: Forever changed by tragedy
Hot off the Arab press
The law and the reality
Guess what? Jerusalem has a beer garden
This week in Jerusalem
Tiberias's hidden heritage
The ground dance floor
More than a mustache
No place like home
שְתוּ הָעֲדָרִים
אַלְמָז פּוֹסַעַת בִּשְבִילֵי יַלְדוּתָה
סְטֶנְד-אַפּ שֶל רוֹתֶם אַבּוּהָב
יְהוּדֵי תֵימָן
The Christian Edition- one month free subscription
Raising Arrows: Charity with a happy heart
StandWithUs disappointed with anti-Israel Presbyterian GA
ADL slams Presbyterian Church decision to explore 2-state solution alternatives
Lubavitcher Rebbe's Courtyard Park Dedicated in Kfar Chabad
Spanish Village Connects with its Ancient Jewish Roots
Expo Forest Inaugurated in the Negev
The Scholarship is from Canada, the Foresters from Israel
The Family Landau De Vries Park, a Forest Park in the Desert
A Double Celebration of Shavuot and Metulla's 120th Anniversary
JNF South Africa Delegates Get in Touch with the Real Israel
Czech prime minister plants tree in Jerusalem grove of nations
Greek President Plants Olive Tree in Jerusalem Grove of Nations
Planning a Sustainable Future through Water Sensitive Cities
Burnt Trees and Charred Earth in Jerusalem's Arazim Valley
Hugging a Tree? Beware of the Pine Processionary Caterpillar!
KKL-JNF holds its 6th Latin American Leadership Conference
Andrew Viterbi at a KKL-JNF Milan Gala Event
KKL-JNF and The Italian State Forestry Corps Sign a Memorandum
JNF USA & Alexander Muss High School in Israel
Both Receive Charity Navigator's Highest Rating
Peonies and Pineapples in the Negev Desert
An Interview with Israel Prize Winner Prof. Yossi Katz
Arava Open Day 2016
The Acacia Tree Stars in the Arava Ecosystem
When Your Pipe Runs Out of a Basic Necessity (Water in Samaria)
Like Father Like Son (it doesn't have to be so)
Guilty Before Found Guilty, Israel's Policy
The BREXIT murders -- an English Lord and European Democracy
12/25/2013 22:27
Haredi boy in Brussels 370.
(photo credit:Francois Lenoir/Reuters)
Late last week Rabbi Ephraim Padwa, head of the rabbinate of the Union of Orthodox Hebrew Congregations of the UK, issued a statement condemning the practice of the Golders Green United (Orthodox) Synagogue of passing the Torah into the women's section at Sabbath services. Already in vogue in many Orthodox synagogues in the US, the practice is having the male leader of the services pass the Torah to a woman so it can be carried through the women's section and then returned to the man so it can be read for the congregation. Rabbi Padwa said this "breach of nature is Reform-influenced."
This comes on the heels of a letter written recently by Chanoch Ehrentrau, a dayan (rabbinical court judge) and former head of the rabbinical court of the United Synagogue in the UK, as well as some other leading British dayanim and rabbis, calling on fellow Jews not to participate in the Limmud conference later this month because spokesmen of the Reform and Conservative movements will also be present. The letter was in response to the decision of Rabbi Ephraim Mirvis, the new chief rabbi of the UK, to attend the conference which is a break in tradition from that of his predecessor.
But of course, there are examples in other places as well. In the US earlier this fall Rabbi Asher Lopatin, a Rhodes Scholar whose rabbinic ordination is from Rabbi Isaac Theological Seminary of Yeshiva University, was installed as the new head of Yeshiva Chovevei Torah in New York. As part of his investiture ceremony he created a panel discussion on the future of the American rabbinate and invited the rabbinic heads of the non-Orthodox movements to participate. One would think this made eminent sense, but this is 2013 where everyone is looking over their shoulders to see who may be judging them.
There was an immediate uproar from Orthodox circles in the US, castigating the good rabbi for agreeing to sit at the same table as these "others."
To Rabbi Lopatin's dismay, many of his former classmates from Yeshiva University did not attend the event. Incredibly, so many of them seemed to be otherwise engaged that day. In an op-ed penned a week later by Rabbi Avi Shafran, the director of public affairs for Agudat Israel in the US, Shafran blasted the Open Orthodoxy concept espoused by Chovevei Torah, saying: "Having adulterated orthodoxy's essence, Open Orthodoxy should append itself to the Conservative movement that shares its ideals, rather than misrepresenting itself as Orthodox."
Not to be outdone, Pinchas Lipschutz wrote in Yated Ne'eman that Rabbi Lopatin's roundtable was "a spit in the face of Orthodox conduct and practice" and that Open Orthodoxy itself was "a threat to Judaism."
One must ask, what is it that these learned men (all men, of course) fear? Are they so insecure about their own beliefs that they cannot listen to other voices? Remember, the other voices represent the overwhelming majority of Jews of the world. Perhaps by engaging them and listening to them both sides can benefit? And wouldn't that be revolutionary? From this writer's perspective institutional orthodoxy, both here in Israel and the Diaspora, has adjusted the hinges on the door of the movement so that the door only opens out. People can leave but no one can come in without the imprimatur of a select group of self-appointed guardians of the gate, so great is the fear of the "other."
My father, of blessed memory, was a manufacturers' representative for many years of his professional life. A lesson that I learned from listening to him and watching him is that you don't sell your product by knocking the competition. I have tried to practice that axiom in my professional life as well.
If Orthodoxy is so good it needs to stand on its own merits and not try to gain (or retain) adherents by denigrating the competition. Leadership that chooses to closet itself in the raiment of a bygone time while simultaneously accusing those who don't agree of heresy, is simply woefully illequipped to provide the direction and guidance so sorely needed by our people.
Once, the great Hassidic leader, Zusia, came to his followers. His eyes were red with tears, and his face was pale with fear. "Zusia, what's the matter? You look frightened!" "The other day, I had a vision. In it, I learned the question that the angels will one day ask me about my life." The followers were puzzled. "Zusia, you are pious. You are scholarly and humble. You have helped so many of us. What question about your life could be so terrifying that you would be frightened to answer it?" Zusia turned his gaze to heaven. "I have learned that the angels will not ask me, 'Why weren't you a Moses, leading your people out of slavery?'" His followers persisted. "So, what will they ask you?" "And I have learned," Zusia sighed, "that the angels will not ask me, 'Why weren't you a Joshua, leading your people into the promised land?'" One of his followers approached Zusia and placed his hands on Zusia's shoulders. Looking him in the eyes, the follower demanded, "But what will they ask you?" "They will say to me, 'Zusia, there was only one thing that no power of heaven or earth could have prevented you from becoming.' They will say, 'Zusia, why weren't you Zusia?'" This is the question Orthodox leadership needs to answer. The right answer will let the door swing both ways, and we deserve no less.
The author is a 30-year resident of Jerusalem, a former national president of the Association of Americans & Canadians in Israel and president of Atid EDI Ltd., an Israeli economic development consulting firm
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Ambassador Mills says fighting corruption is not just a point in the list of contemplated actions that can be marked as done
Nouvelles d`Armenie: French government presents text of draft law criminalizing denial of Armenian Genocide
Former US ambassador to be included in black list of Azerbaijani Foreign Ministry for his visit to Artsakh
Nalbandian: Issue of giving Nagorno-Karabakh a status of autonomy within Azerbaijan has not been discussed
Steinmeier: Status quo in Karaabkh settlement may lead to new outbreak of violence
Rostelecom discussed with Armenian radio companies possibilities of using modern technological solutions in radio broadcasting
Orientalist: German Bundestag's recognition of the Armenian Genocide is logical continuation of Pope Francis' statement during the mass in 2015
Seyran Ohanyan: Army leadership knows what and where to plan
MP: Ratification of agreement on Joint Air Defense will affect Armenia's independence
Russian Ministry of Emergency Situations to evacuate Armenian citizens trapped on Upper Lars checkpoint
Naira Zohrabyan. Joint Air Defense system will upgrade security of Armenia's airspace
Batu Kutelia: Warsaw Summit will give definite political and military answers to Russia's attempted aggressive revisionism
Azerbaijani armed forces use DShK heavy machine gun on Line of Contact
Foreign Ministry: There are no citizens of Armenia among victims of explosion at Istanbul airport
Eduard Sharmazanov: Russia and Turkey will remain rivals and competitors
Zakharova about Karabakh peace process: There are issues that should be hushed up
Naira Zohrabyan to Serzh Sargsyan: Prosperous Armenia Party will win in upcoming parliamentary elections
Masis Mailyan : Baku intends to continue its "military diplomacy" with impunity
Deputy minister: Creation of a joint air defense system with Russia will only strengthen combat ability of Armenian armed forces
South Caucasus Railway CJSC sets car to auction
Beeline improves Smart tariff plans
Armenian political forces express different opinions about influence of possible Moscow-Ankara normalization on Armenia
Areximbank-Gazprombank Group offers 50% discount for renting safe deposits boxes during summer holidays
Sergey Lavrov to travel to Yerevan
Ban Ki-moon: UN concerned over violations of ceasefire in Karbakh conflict zone
Defense sure Zhirayr Sefulyan's arrest is a political order
Sharmazanov explains Serzh Sargsyan's interview: If Armenia's citizens are reluctant to vote for RPA, no one will make them do it
Rostelecom holds two seminars on sidelines of Hartak Festival
Paul Stronski: Yerevan's security alliance with Moscow will not impede Armenia's good ties with NATO
Armenian President: Armenia expects wider recognition of Genocide after German vote and pope's remarks
Nikol Pashinyan: Consensus on Electoral Code is ridiculous
Turkey's foreign ministry reacts to Pope Francis' visit to Armenia
By beginning of tourism season Areximbank-Gazprombank Group offers significant discounts of premium class chip cards
Geoteam CJSC is sure that mining industry is compatible with agriculture and small business
UNICEF Armenia launches a breast feeding campaign in Armenia
Activist hits parliamentarian Hrant Bagratyan during picket in front of Parliament against Joint Air Defense system with Russia
Ankara: Turkey wants speedy settlement of Nagorno-Karabakh conflict, which will meet all requirements of Azerbaijan
Turkologist: Ankara has used up all its possibilities to deny Armenian Genocide
Heritage Party: Joint Air Defense with Russia is an attempt to surrender the last elements of Armenia's sovereignty
David Harutyunyan: Next conference of donors will take place in Yerevan on June 29
Frank-Walter Steinmeier to travel to Armenia on June 29
Armenians and Azerbaijanis should take efforts towards peace, Pope Francis says
Opposition MP condemns political persecution against Zhirayr Sefilyan
Ancient Armenian city Ani may become UNESCO World Heritage Site
Tickets for Russian trains can be acquired at Yerevan railway station
"We Are the Owners of Our Country" initiative picketing Parliament building opposing ratification of agreement on joint air defense system with Russia
Pope Francis: "I am happy to have visited Armenia"
Sharmazanov: OSCE MG should react very strongly to Aliyev's refusal to implement arrangements made in Vienna and St. Petersburg
Pope Francis leaves Armenia ending his pastoral visit
Pope Francis and Catholicos of All Armenians visit Khor Virap Monastery at the foot of Ararat and launch doves of peace
Batu Kutelia: Warsaw Summit will give definite political and military answers to Russia's attempted aggressive revisionism
Masis Mailyan : Baku intends to continue its "military diplomacy" with impunity
Paul Stronski: Yerevan's security alliance with Moscow will not impede Armenia's good ties with NATO
Alekper Aliyev: Nothing can justify our protracted fratricidal war
Giorgi Kanashvili: In case Karabakh conflict is settled, Armenia is able to make a U-turn and join NATO even sooner than Georgia will do
Sargis Hatspanyan: Our soldiers carried out their obligations and slapped not only the Azerbaijani but also Armenian authorities in the face
Vladimir Yevseyev: Updated Madrid Principles will not be implemented until the armed conflict is frozen
Polish Ambassador: Armenia is an ancient Christian country with European mentality and quite good prospects for European integration
It is necessary to lay down logical demands to Moscow instead of blaming it for all deadly sins
Lithuania's Ambassador: Extension of relations with EU is priority and future for Armenia
Arman Melikyan: Without Aliyev in power in Baku, Moscow will have to forget about its control over South Caucasus
Zardusht Alizade: After Ukraine and Syria, Putin wants to play a peacekeeper's role in Karabakh
by Karina Manukyan
The Beautified Project, a well-known rock band, has risen up for the support of the Afrikyan building, which faces the prospect of being dismantled to broaden the roadway.
"I do not want to make ashamed by the future generations for destruction of the beautiful 130-year-old building. How can we criticize our enemies if we ourselves display such an attitude to our own country?" says the band frontman Andre Simonian to ArmInfo.
He says that to protect the Afrikyan building, The Beautified Project is ready to take any steps which do not run counter to the Constitution. "The Government violates the constitutional norms", says Simonian.
The Afrikyan Club building is a monument of republican importance. In early XX century, before the revolution, it was an urban club visited by well-known politicians, entrepreneurs, artists and foreign guests.
In 2004 the building was sold to a private company by the Municipality. In 2006 the Government took a decision to dismantle the building and change its location. The Helsinki Committee of Armenia and "Urbanlab Yerevan" NGO have applied to the Administrative Court of Armenia to declare the decisions of the Municipality and the Government invalid.
The Beautified Project is an English-language Melancholic Alternative Rock band formed in London in 2005 by singer/songwriter Andre Simonian. The permanent members of the band are Andre Simonian, Armen Shaverdian, Arlen Shaverdian. The Beautified Project is the first internationally recognized English- language band out of Armenia. In 2006, The Beautified Project, Andre Simonian's solo project at the time, released its first demo album, 'Serenades for Insanity' in London. In 2008 the band recorded and released its first official album, 'Behind the Happy Mask'. 'Behind the Happy Mask' is the FIRST English-language album ever released in Armenia. The album gained much success that the band went on to release six official music videos off of this album, one of which went as far as being aired by the MTV and PMC. In 2010, the band released its 2nd official album 'Beyond the Butterfly' to a critical acclaim. The first single off the album 'Butterfly', became the band's biggest hit to date, gaining them a place on MTV. The success of the album was followed by several successful concerts in London, Vienna, Georgia and Armenia. During the band's UK tour, the international branch of BBC made a documentary about The Beautified Project. In May 2011, The Beautified Project recorded a duet, 'Broken Smile', with the lead singer Mick Moss of the world-known English Melancholic rock band Antimatter.
In December 2011 the band signed a deal with St. Mongoose Entertainment, becoming the first rock band out of Armenia who got signed with an American
Record Label. In 2011 The Beautified Project recorded a cover of the famous Armenian song KILIKIA which became the most watched rendition of that song on youtube. In 2012, The Beautified Project won a national award in Armenia as The Best Armenian Rock Band. In early 2012 the band made its first few steps in the American market by appearing on several American Radio Stations. In 2013 the band won The Ambassadors of Armenia in the World Award at Radio Van Awards. In 2013 The Beautified Project won an Award as The Best Armenian Rock Band out of Armenia. The Beautified Project released its new album, entitled 'United We Fall' in October 2013. The album release was followed by a European tour.
Central Valley Congressmen urge US to follow Pontiff's lead in reaffirming Armenian Genocide
Germany recognizes Armenian Genocide
Timur Urazayev: Initiative to recognize genocide should be addressed to those accused of committing genocide
"We are the Owners of Our Country": Arrested officers of Defense Ministry involved in criminal schemes were instructed by higher echelons
Official Baku comments on Nagorno Karabakh's President visit to Brussels


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24 Effortless Recipes with Cake Mix eCookbook
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Cassava Tidbits
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- 450 grams package cassava, grated
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Heat water in steamer till boiling. Mix ingredients. Cassava should be defrosted. Put in dish. Steam for about 20 to 25 minutes until softly set. Test if cook by dipping a fork or a knife in the middle. When cooked allow to cool. Cut into small pieces and roll in dessicated coconut. Important: Do not allow mixture to stand in dish. Steam straight away, otherwise ingredients will tend to seperate.
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Latino Health Access holds anniversary gala
Santa Ana-based Latino Health Access recently marked its 20th anniversary with a gala at the Disneyland Hotel in Anaheim.
The dinner featured a silent auction, a no host bar, dinner and dancing.
Proceeds from the event will go toward programming at the non-profit organization, which encourages community engagement while helping improve the quality of life and health of uninsured, under-served people with quality preventive services and educational programs.
Event sponsors include Hoag Memorial Hospital Presbyterian, California Healthcare Foundation, St. Joseph Health, Marguerite Casey Foundation, Lifescan, PacTrust Bank, The Walt Disney Company and The California Endowment.
Information: latinohealthaccess.net
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Calcaneus fracture/waiting for surgery
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Senior Veteran
Join Date: May 2009
Location: WI
Posts: 1,429
Re: Calcaneus fracture/waiting for surgery
Foot needs to be elvated, really elevated. Toes above the nose, and on it as little as possible. At your point, you should be off it about 23 hours a day.
They wanted to do surgery on me, but I was to swollen. At one point, he briefly metnioned, that sometimes amputatio will get you on with your life. Then I go serious about elevating, and next time he was full of positive words.
I put it on two pillows on my recliner tilted back and slept with it on two pillows.
My foot ruptured due to the swelling early on and the bottom was black. Around 8-10 weeks the black skin peeled off to shoe pink brand new skin underneath.
Luckily, ha, I was on a coma for 2 weeks, trach, and lots of other injuries, that no one thought I should be getting up.
Heelie since 09
The good thing is, no one asks me to help them move anymore.
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Pathfinder Society Scenario #4–16: The Fabric of Reality (PFRPG) PDF
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text:
|Publication number
|Publication type
|Application number
|Publication date
|Jan 30, 2001
|Filing date
|Jul 22, 1999
|Priority date
|Jul 22, 1999
|Fee status
|Publication number
|Scott E. Heeren, Bryan Scott Rowan
|Original Assignee
|International Business Machines Corporation
|Export Citation
|BiBTeX, EndNote, RefMan
|Patent Citations (8), Referenced by (16), Classifications (11), Legal Events (10)
|External Links: USPTO, USPTO Assignment, Espacenet
This invention relates generally to control of multi-pole brushless dc motors and, more particularly, to a method and apparatus for control of such motors when used with disk drives in the event of an anticipated saturation event.
The use of multi-phase brushless dc motors to power computer disk drives is well known. In such drives, a plurality of stator coil elements are uniformly arranged on a stationary substrate. A rotor assembly, having a plurality of permanent magnets, rotates about the stator coils. The coils are periodically energized in order to induce rotational movement of the rotor assembly.
Unlike conventional brush motors having mechanical brushes to commutate the stator coils, brushless or commutator-free motors used in disk drives are electronically commutated through analysis of coil waveforms, or based upon outputs from magnetic or optical sensors.
Brushless motors tend to generate unwanted noise and vibration as a result of excessive spindle power consumption. Further, while conventional dc motors have commutator bars that provide a relatively smooth torque output curve, brushless motors have relatively few phases driving the rotor. The relatively long duration of passage of the rotor over each stator coil results in significant torque ripple that, in turn, causes acoustic noise and vibration.
The prior art includes a number of teachings regarding methods for control of acoustic noise in a disk drive, under normal operating conditions. For example, U.S. Pat. No. 5,886,489 to Rowan et al., assigned to the same assignee as this application, discloses a method for reducing spindle power and acoustic noise in a brushless dc motor for a disk drive. The Rowan et al. system adjusts the commutation angle of the motor until a point of optimum power consumption is reached. Varying the commutation angle in opposite directions enables a point of minimum spindle power consumption to be determined, and enables a reduction in the spindle power and acoustic noise.
U.S. Pat. No. 5,319,289 to Austin et al. describes a circuit for providing an adaptive commutation delay in a brushless dc motor. The circuit adjusts the commutation delay as a function of the rotor's rotational speed so as to maximize motor torque and minimize power consumption. A variety of further teachings regarding commutation control of dc motors may be found in the following patents: U.S. Pat. Nos. 5,420,492 to Sood et al.; 5,457,375 to Marcinkiewicz et al.; 5,057,753 to Leuthold et al.; 5,530,326 to Galvin, et al.; and 5,739,652 to Sriram. None of the aforesaid prior art teachings consider conditions which occur when motor saturation is approached during speed control of a dc brushless motor.
Motor saturation occurs when the supply voltage to the motor driver, less the driver output voltage drop, equals the back emf generated by the motor plus the IR drop through the windings of the motor. Under such circumstances, an increased output of motor driver current is no longer possible. In such a case, even if a command is received to output a higher drive current, that command has little or no effect on the motor speed. This is due to the fact that the drive voltage available is insufficient to generate the required current and, in turn, the torque needed to increase the motor speed. Note that the condition which causes a problem for the waveform shaping circuitry is not merely one of absolute motor saturation, i.e., when the level of current being applied to the motor windings is at an absolute maximum. In fact, the problem normally occurs when the motor is "nearly" saturated, i.e., when the current level can be increased slightly, but not fast enough to reach the target, or command, value prior to the time when the motor should be commutated. In such a circumstance, for a waveform shaping motor driver that relies on reaching a target current prior to the next commutation, the motor driver loses its ability to commutate properly, as long as the waveform shaping mode is enabled. Consequently, the commutation action becomes distorted or disturbed. Eventually, the motor loses synchronization with the output frequency of the motor driver and disk drive failure occurs.
Accordingly, it is an object of this invention to provide a system and apparatus for control of a brushless dc motor used to safely operate a disk drive, when a saturation condition is approached.
It is another object of this invention to provide a method and apparatus for control of a disk drive motor which prevents loss of synchronization, when a saturation condition is approached.
A system for controlling a brushless dc motor includes a motor driver circuit that outputs a drive current to the motor and a power supply that provides power to the motor driver circuit. Feedback circuits provide signals indicative of: a speed of rotation of the motor and at least one of: a level of the supply voltage provided by the power supply, and the output current from the motor driver circuit. A processor analyzes the feedback signals and determines if a required change in drive current to the motor will result in a saturation or near saturation condition. If such a saturation condition is anticipated, the processor initially determines if a change in commutation angle will avoid the saturation condition and if yes, outputs a control signal to alter the commutation angle. If the processor determines that a change in commutation angle will not avoid the saturation condition, wave shaping actions within the motor driver circuit are disabled so as to maintain synchronism between the motor and the frequency of the output drive current from the motor driver, at a cost of increased acoustic noise from the motor.
FIG. 1 is a block diagram of a motor control system embodying the invention.
FIG. 2 is a high level logic flow diagram illustrating the method of the invention.
Referring to FIG. 1, a brushless dc motor 10 drives one or more disks 12 in the known manner. Motor 10 receives its energization from a motor driver circuit 14 that incorporates a waveshaping capability 16. Power supply 18 provides a supply voltage for motor driver circuit 14. The supply voltage is also applied, via line 19, through a differential amplifier 20 to a multiplex switch 21. A further input to multiplex switch 21 is received from current sensor 22 which senses the level of the current fed from motor driver circuit 14 to motor 10. Multiplex switch 21 feeds the supply voltage and current value that is output by current sensor 22 through an analog to digital (A/D) converter 24. Those values are then fed to a control interface 26 and then back to a digital processor 28.
Digital processor 28 outputs digital control signals, that are converted to analog control signals by digital to analog converter 30. Those analog control signals are applied to motor driver circuit 14. A further input to digital processor 28 is received from motor driver 14, via line 32, which carries signals indicative of the rotational frequency of motor 10.
It is to be understood that while the code for the control method employed by digital processor 28 is assumed to already be resident in memory within the processor, that such code may be resident on a memory device 33, the contents of which can be loaded into the processor on as-needed basis.
As indicated above, motor saturation results when the supply voltage fed by power supply 18 to motor driver circuit 14 less the IR drop resulting from the current flowing through the driver circuit is equal to the back emf generated by motor 10 plus the IR drop seen across the windings of motor 10. Under such conditions, a command from digital processor 28 to increase the output current from motor driver circuit 14 will not result in a corresponding actual motor current increase nor the desired increase in the speed of motor 10. As is also indicated above, the condition of concern is not only that of absolute saturation, but also any condition sufficiently close to absolute saturation such that the time required for the motor current to rise to the target value exceeds the time prior to the next commutation point.
It should be understood that the term "saturation" where it appears in the remainder of this text refers not only to absolute saturation, but also to "any condition sufficiently close to saturation" as described here. Such conditions pose a problem to the waveform shaping circuits 16 because these circuits require the current through motor 10 to reach the target value commanded by processor 28 before they will generate the next motor commutation. In the event that the motor current does not rise up to the command value in time, the circuit will not generate a motor commutation at the proper time, resulting in a loss of synchronization between the motor and the motor driver circuit. Such action results in an increase in acoustic noise and may, more importantly, cause erratic motor speed errors, resulting in a failure of the disk drive system.
To avoid this result, the invention monitors the supply voltage of power supply 18 and/or the output current from motor driver circuit 14, as well as the motor frequency. Those monitored values are used to determine if a required current adjustment will result in motor saturation. If such is determined to be the case, digital processor 28 first determines whether motor saturation can be avoided by a change in commutation angle (e.g., an advance of the commutation angle). Such a change in commutation angle moves the commutation points away from the points that are ideal for power efficiency, reducing the effective motor constant and allowing a higher potential motor current. The latter occurs because the driving interval now coincides with an interval in time where the motor-generated back emf has a smaller magnitude. The higher potential current yields a higher potential torque.
However, a change in commutation angle generally results in a small potential torque increase and may not provide a sufficient increase thereof to overcome the saturation problem. In such case, digital processor 28 disables waveshape circuit 16 to avoid distortion or disturbance of the drive current waveform. This action enables a continuation of synchronism between motor 10 and the motor drive current. However, the disabling of waveshaping circuit 16 causes an increase in acoustic noise. Nevertheless, motor 10 remains in synchronism with the drive current and operation of the disk drive system can continue.
Turning now to FIG. 2, further details of the control method performed by digital processor 28 will be described. As indicated above, digital processor 28 receives signals that are indicative of the rotational speed of motor 10, and the output voltage from power supply 18 and/or the motor current fed from motor driver circuit 14 (step 50).
Processor 28 compares the motor speed to pre-stored motor speed limits to determine if the motor speed is within the limits. The motor speed limits define a desired range of speeds within which motor 10 is to be maintained. If the motor speed is within the limits, the procedure recycles. If the motor speed is not within the limits, requiring a control action, the procedure moves to step 54 where it is determined whether the required control action may result in saturation of motor 10 by a comparison of the commanded drive current with the maximum allowable current that can be applied without resulting in saturation or near saturation of motor 10.
The operation carried out by digital processor 28 to predict motor saturation can be determined from the following relations. In theory, a reliable prediction of the motor saturation condition involves a number of steps. First, take equation 1 below, which describes the relationship between supply voltage and motor current:
In equation 1, Vsupply is the voltage (in volts) of the power supply feeding the motor driver circuit, Kt is the motor's torque constant (in Newton meters per Amp), w is the angular velocity (in radians per second) of the motor, Im is the current flowing through the motor, Rm is the resistance (in Ohms) of the motor (from phase to phase), Rd is the resistance (in Ohms) of the motor driver circuit, and Vhr is the "voltage headroom." The voltage headroom at any point in time is the difference in voltage between the voltage provided by the power supply and the voltage required to generate the motor current at the same point in time. So the level of voltage headroom, in effect, determines how much more current could be provided to the motor than what is already being drawn. By definition, the motor reaches the condition of "absolute saturation" when the voltage headroom is equal to zero. Therefore, to determine the approximate motor current level at which "absolute saturation" would ensue, one could set Vhr equal to zero and solve for Im, or motor current, in equation 1 above.
However, as described previously, "absolute saturation" is not the only condition to be avoided. We also must avoid any condition sufficiently close to absolute saturation such that the time required for the motor current to rise to the target value exceeds the time prior to the next commutation point. In order to predict such conditions accurately, we must take into account the time constant of the motor and the characteristic shape of the back-emf waveform, in addition to the factors expressed in equation 1.
Taking these additional factors into account, equation 2 expresses motor current, Im, as a function of time, given a fixed motor time constant Lm/Rm, a fixed supply voltage Vsupply, and a constant back-emf voltage Vbemf:
In equation 2, Lm/Rm, or 1/(Rm/Lm), is the time constant of the motor, where Lm is the motor inductance (in Henrys) and Rm is the phase to phase motor resistance (in Ohms).
Manipulating this equation, we can solve for the time required for the motor current to rise from zero to a target value:
In equation 3, Ttarget represents the time (in seconds) required for the current to rise from zero to the target current value, Itarget. In addition, notice that the quantity Vsupply−Vbemf has been replaced by E for convenience.
In reality, the back-emf voltage of the motor is not constant. Rather, it has a near sinusoidal waveform. There is one back-emf waveform for each phase of the motor, so for a three phase motor, there exist three near-sinusoidal back-emf waveforms, all 120 degrees out of phase with one another. The portion of the back-emf waveform we are concerned with in these calculations (assuming the motor is being driven symmetrically for maximum power efficiency) is the crest of the waveform, from approximately 60 degrees before the peak to the peak. This portion coincides with the interval in time from one commutation point to the next. In order to maintain sufficient accuracy in the calculation of equation 3, the back-emf voltage can be averaged over the interval of concern. Alternatively (and more accurately), the calculation can be iterated over smaller time intervals (using the appropriate back-emf voltage for each calculation), and then the resultant time values for each calculation can be added to determine the predicted time for the motor current to rise from to the commanded level.
The result (Ttarget) of equation 3, or a derivation thereof, can then be compared with the commutation period. If Ttarget exceeds the commutation period, then we know that the commanded current value will likely result in the undesired saturation condition.
Equation 3 is rather complicated, and not suitable for implementation in a digital processor. What is preferable is a linear relationship between supply voltage and maximum current, where maximum current is the highest command current allowable before the onset of saturation. This relation can be found by plugging the commutation period for time t into equation 2, and solving for Im over a range of Vsupply. Again, recall that the Vbemf value is not constant. Therefore, in order to maintain sufficient accuracy, the calculation can be iterated over several smaller time intervals, using an appropriate value for Vbemf for each iteration. For example, if the commutation interval, Tcomm, is divided into N equal segments of time, the maximum current, Imax, for a given supply voltage, Vsupply, could be found from N iterations, as shown in equation 4.
where Im(0)=0 and Vbemf(i) is the corresponding back-emf value for each point in time. Of course, the accuracy of the result will improve as N increases. If the above operation is repeated over a range of supply voltage values that represent the expected range of operation, then a relationship can be found between the voltage of the power supply and the maximum allowable current. Next, this relation can be approximated with a "best fit" linear equation suitable for processor implementation. This equation will be of the form of equation 5 below,
where the V_to_I_factor term is the slope of the equation, and the offset term accounts for the y-intercept of the equation in addition to some protection margin.
If the commanded speed adjustment will not result in saturation of motor 10, digital processor 28 performs the speed adjustment (decision step 56) by outputting a command to motor driver circuit 14 to increase the output current to motor 10 (step 58). By contrast, if the speed adjustment will result in motor saturation, the procedure moves to decision step 60 to determine if an advance in commutation will avoid the saturation condition.
The means used by processor 28 to determine whether or not a shift in the commutation angle will avoid motor saturation is derived from equation 4 above. Advancing the commutation angle such that the motor commutation points are no longer exactly symmetric with respect to the crest of the back-emf waveform serves to effectively reduce the value of the Vbemf term for each iteration. In turn, the rise time of the current in the motor is decreased. This means the value of Imax in equation 5 is greater for the same value of Vsupply. The advantage of a phase advance can be calculated over a range of approximately 20 electrical degrees and over the operating power supply voltage range. (The value of 20 degrees is chosen because the motor driver used in this invention allows a maximum advance of 20 degrees.) Each phase shift value translates into a corresponding reduction in the Vbemf term in equation 4, which yields a higher Imax value. The difference between Imax with phase shift and Imax without phase shift (both resulting from equation 4) is then a function of phase shift only. This relationship can also be approximated with a linear equation where the delta in Imax, Imax_delta, is a function of phase, or angle advance. This equation can then be inverted to yield an equation in which angle advance is a function of the needed increase in the maximum allowable current necessary to prevent saturation. This equation is shown as equation 6 below, and is ready for processor implementation:
The Angle_advance term indicates the value by which the commutation angle would need to be advanced in order to avoid saturation. Processor 28 then compares this result with the maximum available advance. As long as the Angle_advance value is less than or equal to the maximum advance angle available, the processor will adjust the commutation angle to the Angle_advance value by sending a control signal to the motor driver control register 34 (step 62). Processor 28 will then proceed to command the calculated current output by sending a signal (via D/A converter 30) to motor driver circuit 14. If the Angle_advance value exceeds the maximum advance angle available, so that the maximum available commutation angle advance will not avoid saturation, 15 the procedure moves to step 64. There waveshaping circuit 16 is disabled. This action reduces distortion or disturbance of the motor drive current that would otherwise occur as a result of an increased drive. Accordingly, synchronism between motor 10 and motor driver circuit 14 continues.
The aforesaid procedure may result in an increase in acoustic noise due to the loss of waveshaping of the output current; however, synchronism is maintained and continued operation of the disk drive system achieved.
Admittedly, equations 1 to 4, referred to as the basis for the processor-implemented equations 5 and 6 will not perfectly describe the mechanics and electronics of the system. Therefore, it is advantageous to characterize the relationships between the voltage of power supply 18, the current through motor 10, the commutation angle and the likelihood of saturation with experimental data. This can be done on a sample of disk drives over the entire expected operating ranges of supply voltage and commutation angle. For each combination of supply voltage and commutation angle, the motor current command can be incremented gradually until the saturation condition is reached. This should be done in a fashion whereby the forced current only departs from the closed-loop speed control current command for short durations so as not to cause the motor to depart from the desired operating speed. With data collected in this manner, the processor-implemented equations 5 and 6 can be determined.
Note that this invention can be implemented with feedback signals for either or both of the power supply voltage and the motor current. The advantage of motor current feedback is that the rise time of the motor current, and thus the likelihood of saturation, can be monitored directly, rather than predicted by calculation.
It should be understood that the foregoing description is only illustrative of the invention. Various alternatives and modifications can be devised by those skilled in the art without departing from the invention. Accordingly, the present invention is intended to embrace all such alternatives, modifications and variances which fall within the scope of the appended claims.
|Cited Patent
|Filing date
|Publication date
|Jun 29, 1990
|Oct 15, 1991
|Seagate Technology, Inc.
|Phase commutation circuit for brushless DC motors using a spike insensitive back EMF detection method
|Feb 24, 1992
|Jun 7, 1994
|Silicon Systems, Inc.
|Adaptive commutation delay for multi-pole brushless DC motors
|Jan 14, 1993
|May 30, 1995
|Emerson Electric Co.
|Method and apparatus of operating a dynamoelectric machine using DC bus current profile
|May 27, 1994
|Oct 10, 1995
|Emerson Electric Co.
|Sensorless commutation controller for a poly-phase dynamoelectric machine
|Jul 19, 1993
|Jun 25, 1996
|Quantum Corporation
|Brushless DC spindle motor startup control
|Dec 20, 1996
|Apr 14, 1998
|General Motors Corporation
|Method and apparatus for sensorless operation of brushless permanent magnet motors
|Dec 4, 1996
|Mar 23, 1999
|International Business Machines Corporation
|Apparatus and method for reducing spindle power and acoustic noise in a disk drive
|Apr 28, 1997
|Oct 5, 1999
|Fanuc, Ltd.
|Current control method for an AC servomotor
|Citing Patent
|Filing date
|Publication date
|Mar 27, 2003
|Oct 26, 2004
|Andrew Corporation
|Adjustable beamwidth and azimuth scanning antenna with dipole elements
|Jan 28, 2005
|May 30, 2006
|Sanyo Electric Co., Ltd.
|Motor drive apparatus, integrated circuit, and motor drive method
|Aug 30, 2005
|Sep 12, 2006
|Honeywell International Inc.
|Method of operating a brushless DC motor
|Aug 30, 2005
|Sep 4, 2007
|Honeywell International Inc.
|Actuator with feedback for end stop positioning
|Nov 9, 2006
|Sep 8, 2009
|Honeywell International Inc.
|Actuator position switch
|Dec 27, 2011
|Honeywell International Inc.
|HVAC actuator with internal heating
|Nov 18, 2008
|Dec 27, 2011
|Honeywell International Inc.
|HVAC actuator with output torque compensation
|Mar 27, 2003
|Apr 1, 2004
|Andrew Corporation
|Adjustable beamwidth and azimuth scanning antenna with dipole elements
|Jan 28, 2005
|Aug 4, 2005
|Sanyo Electric Co., Ltd.
|Motor drive apparatus, integrated circuit, and motor drive method
|Nov 9, 2006
|May 15, 2008
|Honeywell International Inc.
|Actuator position switch
|Nov 18, 2008
|May 20, 2010
|Honeywell International Inc.
|Hvac actuator with output torque compensation
|Aug 5, 2010
|Honeywell International Inc.
|Hvac actuator with internal heating
|Sep 10, 2012
|Mar 21, 2013
|Renault S.A.S
|Method and device for controlling a powertrain
|May 16, 2013
|Dec 5, 2013
|Renault S.A.S.
|Method for controlling the electromagnetic torque of a high speed synchronous machine
|May 15, 2014
|Dec 4, 2014
|Renault S.A.S.
|Method for controlling a synchronous electrical machine, corresponding system and motor vehicle comprising the system
|Jul 7, 2015
|Feb 4, 2016
|Renault S.A.S.
|Method and device for controlling the electromagnetic torque of a power train
|U.S. Classification
|International Classification
|Cooperative Classification
|European Classification
|Jul 22, 1999
Owner name: INTERNATIONAL BUSINESS MACHINES CORPORATION, NEW Y
Free format text: ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST;ASSIGNORS:HEEREN, SCOTT E.;ROWAN, BRYAN SCOTT;REEL/FRAME:010126/0734
Effective date: 19990721
|Oct 4, 1999
Owner name: LILLBACKA JETAIR OY, FINLAND
Free format text: ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST;ASSIGNORS:VIRTANEN, MIKA;HEYERICK, FRANK;ULRICH, JOHANNES;AND OTHERS;REEL/FRAME:010286/0911;SIGNING DATES FROM 19990915 TO 19990929
|Jul 19, 2004
Owner name: HITACHI GLOBAL STORAGE TECHNOLOGIES NETHERLANDS B.
Free format text: CHANGE OF NAME;ASSIGNOR:MARIANA HDD B.V.;REEL/FRAME:014871/0450
Effective date: 20021231
Owner name: MARIANA HDD B.V., NETHERLANDS
Free format text: ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST;ASSIGNOR:INTERNATIONAL BUSINESS MACHINES CORPORATION;REEL/FRAME:014871/0746
Effective date: 20021231
|Aug 18, 2004
|Maintenance fee reminder mailed
|Nov 8, 2004
|Fee payment
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|Nov 8, 2004
|Surcharge for late payment
|Jun 27, 2008
|Fee payment
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|Sep 10, 2012
|Maintenance fee reminder mailed
|Jan 30, 2013
|Lapse for failure to pay maintenance fees
|Mar 19, 2013
|Expired due to failure to pay maintenance fee
Effective date: 20130130


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