text:
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Hostels in British Columbia
Browse 743 attractions, meet 23 travelers, 25 tour guides and discover 881 photos
Travelers are voting Cambie Hostel, Revelstoke - SameSun Backpacker Lodge and Southside Lodge as the best of 48 hostels in British Columbia. Also popular are Painted Turtle Guesthouse in Nanaimo, Poppi's in Revelstoke and HI-Whistler in Whistler. Want more? Check out our map of hostels in British Columbia or these 9 hostels near Vancouver.
The Urban Retreat HostelTourist Essentials Hostels7470 Porcupine Rd, Big White, British Columbia V1P 1P3, Canada
The Urban Retreat Hostel at Big White Ski Resort near Kelowna is the hills only hostel with over a hundred beds for rent.
Holly Park HostelTourist Essentials Hostels7306 Clover Road, Pemberton, B.C., Box 555, Pemberton, British Columbia V0N 2L0, Canada
Holly Park Hostel is a rudimentary, rustic, functional Hostel set in a natural environment with quiet out
St. Clair Hotel and HostelTourist Essentials Hostels577 Richards St., Vancouver, Vancouver, British Columbia V6B 2Z5, Canada
St. Clair Hotel was built in 1911 by Captain Henry Pybus Captain of the Empress of Japan, the hallways di...
Shantz Haus HostelTourist Essentials Hostels520 5th Street, Vancouver Island, Courtenay, British Columbia V9N 1K3, Canada
Shantz Haus is a small boutique hostel located in the heart of downtown Courtenay...
HI PentictonTourist Essentials Hostels464 Ellis Street, Penticton, British Columbia, Canada
The HI-Penticton Hostel is close to the city centre, shops and beaches...
SameSun Backpacker Lodge - VancouverTourist Essentials Hostels1018 Granville St, Vancouver, British Columbia V6Z 1L5, Canada
The largest hostel in downtown Vancouver with central location in entertainment district - great atmosphere, clean, friendly staff. Everything you…
The Cona HostelTourist Essentials Hostels440 Anderton Avenue, Courtenay, BC, Courtenay, British Columbia, Canada
The Cona Hostel, aptly named with Strathcona Park outside its back door, is situated in the beautiful Com
Samesun Apex Ski Resort BackpackersTourist Essentials Hostels360 Strayhorse Road, Penticton, British Columbia V2A 8Z9, Canada
Samesun Apex has an amazing deal on Ski and Stay packages, free WIFI, satellite TV, pool table, electric
Cambie Hostel - GastownTourist Essentials Hostels300 Cambie St., Vancouver, Vancouver, British Columbia V6B 2N3, Canada
Situated above Vancouver's oldest bar the 'Cambie' is for those looking to experience our city's diverse cultural mix in the heart of Gasto
The Raging Elk International Hostel FernieTourist Essentials Hostels892 6th ave, P.O Box 160 VOB-1M0, Fernie, BC, Fernie, British Columbia, Canada
The Raging Elk International Hostel is located in the heart of Fernie, famous for its powder skiing,

subset: commoncrawl


text:
Medical College of Wisconsin director of research commercialization
Founder, The Haul Company
Founder and CEO of Brooks Bell Inc.
Director, Life Sciences Institute, University of Michigan
Managing Director, D.E. Shaw and Co., L.P.
Vice president, chief strategy and operating officer of the Texas Medical Center
Director, Silicon Flatirons Centers' Entrepreneurship Initiative
Medical College of Wisconsin director of research commercialization
Larry Smarr, Founding Director of the California Institute for Telecommunications and Information Technology (Calit2), and a defacto evangelist for the Quantified Self movement is the designated moderator in this discussion. The San Diego chapter of the MIT Enterprise Forum is sponsoring this event to ask: What is the Quantified Self movement and why are fitness buffs, techno geeks, and patients with chronic conditions obsessively monitoring their various personal metrics? Is this trend the beginning of a major shift in how we look at our health? What is the distinction between digital health and self-monitoring? Why are global sports clothing companies investing in this technology? More information and online registration is here.


text:
Relevant offers
All power customers face slightly higher charges if Transpower gets approval for a $161 million lines upgrade in the lower North Island.
The Commerce Commission yesterday granted draft approval for the upgrade on lines between Hutt Valley's Haywards substation and the Bunnythorpe substation near Palmerston North.
The commission's decision is open for feedback over the next couple of weeks.
Transpower plans to replace the existing conductors, or wires, on the two transmission lines between the Bunnythorpe and Haywards substations. The larger conductors to be used would increase capacity on each line by about 12 per cent.
Towers would also be strengthened, and 114 would be increased in height by up to 3m, a commission spokesman said.
The investment would add an average of 0.041c per unit to consumers' bills.
Transpower requires funding of up to $161m to complete the project and must seek approval from the commission to recover the costs for major capital investments it undertakes.
Commission deputy chairwoman Sue Begg said there is clear benefit for consumers from replacing the transmission lines, which are in poor condition.
"Transpower has calculated that a new line with the same capacity would provide an expected net electricity market benefit of $977m.
"The proposal to upgrade the lines would achieve benefits by reducing transmission losses and improving the ability to use the cheapest mix of generation between the thermal generators in the North Island and the Hydro generators in the South Island."
Begg said Transpower's preferred option "appears to provide a good balance between increases in capacity, capital costs and expected benefits for the electricity market".
Transpower builds, maintains and operates the country's high-voltage electricity transmission network, often referred to as the National Grid.
Once the commission has received and considered any submissions, it expects to finalise its decision by May 2.
- BusinessDay
Sponsored links
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Trash billing
Posted in the Flora Forum
#1 Mar 4, 2013
How much will the trash rate go down in your fair city since you have gone to 1 day a week pick-up?
They did that down here and ours didn't move one red cent. I hope you get a reduction or stand up for your rights.
#2 Mar 4, 2013
We have rights!?!?!
United States
#3 Mar 4, 2013
No, only those that Obama gives you.
Those are listed below:
Since: Jun 12
Location hidden
#4 Mar 4, 2013
Half the service, half the cost sounds fair.
#5 Mar 4, 2013
It has been stated from the mayor that the rate will stay the same, even though trash will be picked up only once a week.
#6 Mar 4, 2013
Did he say why? Does that mean that if he was given a 1/2 gallon of milk for the price of a gallon size he would not complain?
United States
#7 Mar 4, 2013
no he wouldn't complain because the community would be flipping the bill for it.
Since: Jul 10
Location hidden
#8 Mar 5, 2013
Would you rather the trash rates rise and stay at two pickups a week or the rate stay the same but only one pickup a week?
And who here uses the cities recycling service? Or do you just throw everything in the trash and let it go to the landfill?
#9 Mar 5, 2013
Recycling is a waste of time and makes your home/garage/property look like a landfill. Take trash to the dump were it belongs and get rid of it. Now if you are unemployed, with no hope of getting a job, then you might need something to do with your time. Like clean out old plastic milk jugs.
#10 Mar 5, 2013
Are you kidding me? Do you not realize what your recycled cans and plastic are used for? If we don't start cracking down and making people recycle our whole town will turn into a landfill. It doesn't take anytime at all to set out your cans, bottles,and plastic. That's just pure laziness not to do your part. Remember that the next time you buy a 2 liter of soda or even paper towels that they are most likely recycled. Seriously, educate yourself before you get on here and sound like a complete idiot.
#11 Mar 5, 2013
Hold on there Ricky... They limited my bags to seven per week. So that will reduce their disposal costs. Also they ended up putting two trucks out on my south-east end of town because one wasn't cutting it. How do I know this tidbit??? Because I asked one of the trash guys when I got home and they were just picking up my trash, that's how.
Recycle??? YOu bet Ricky. Plastic bags to Walmart and Meijer, aluminum cans to a guy named Danny who lives on the west side. He's a little handicaped and is trying to earn his keep unlike other people who work the system. My cardboard goes to Werner and Son, my paper and recycleable plastic things go to the city.
#12 Mar 5, 2013
The Mayor is going to make us BIG TIME and we will start to shove our trash to two-bit hillbilly towns.
#13 Mar 5, 2013
More wisdom from Punjab and his sock puppets.
#14 Mar 5, 2013
Mind your own city topix. Get a life.
#15 Mar 5, 2013
This sounds like Mr. Michigantown with his bad attitude again!
#16 Mar 5, 2013
We let all kinds of idiots on this site!
#17 Mar 5, 2013
So, don't consume so much!!
#18 Mar 5, 2013
Hi Mr. Perspective.
Did we forget our daily dosage do Prozac and Lithium again?
#19 Mar 5, 2013
I am drug free. Can u say the same?
#20 Mar 5, 2013
Due like the slumlords due. Put the trash in the next door neighbors yard.
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Mary Kay Magistad Reports From Beijing On The Escalation In Tensions
Only Available in Archive Formats.
between China and the United States over the issue of Taiwan. Tomorrow, China is scheduled to begin nine days of military exercises in the Straits between the mainland and Taiwan. Both Taiwan and the United States have protested, and the U.S. is said to be moving a second aircraft carrier group into the area as a cautionary measure.
Please keep your community civil. All comments must follow the NPR.org Community rules and terms of use, and will be moderated prior to posting. NPR reserves the right to use the comments we receive, in whole or in part, and to use the commenter's name and location, in any medium. See also the Terms of Use, Privacy Policy and Community FAQ.


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Bekkam Family History & Genealogy
Find Bekkam recordsSearch for Bekkam records
Biographies & Family Trees
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Find records of Bekkams by their first name:
Most Common First Names
- Kollaiah 100.0%
Bekkam Last Name History & Origin
At least one branch of the Bekkam family may be Indian. It is believed that the surname Bekkam originated with in the village of "Bekkam" in India. The further history of the Bekkam family and more about the orgin and meaning of the surname Bekkam still need to be shared on this page.
Name Origin
We don't have any information on the origins of the Bekkam name. Have information to share?
Nationality & Ethnicity
It is believed that the surname "Bekkam" originated in a village named "Bekkam", situated in the Mahabubnagar district of the Telangana region, state of Andhra Pradesh, India. At least one branch of the Bekkam family may be Indian.
Early Bekkams
These are the earliest records we have of the Bekkam family.
Bekkam Death Records & Life Expectancy
According to our database of 1 people with the last name Bekkam that have a birth and death date listed:
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These are the longest-lived members of the Bekkam family on AncientFaces.
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Leave a message to start a discussion about the Bekkam family with other AncientFaces Members.


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MLC, Rizwan Arshad, rebukes Jaffer Sharief for anti-CM stanceDaijiworld Media Network - Bengaluru (SP) Bengaluru, Jun 25: Livid at former union minister and senior Congress leader, Jaffer Sharief's criticism of chief minister, Siddaramaiah, over the handling of ministry reorganization, MLC, Rizwan Arshad, came down ... Daiji World, 1 day ago
1 images for "jaffer sharief"
Worried Siddaramaiah begins firefighting
BENGALURU: Acknowledging that dissidents could team up to dent his image as an undisputed AHINDA leader, Chief Minister Siddaramaiah on Thursday commenced confabulations with his trusted lieutenants on how to defuse the crisis triggered by Sunday's ...Deccan Chronicle, 3 days ago Dropped Ministers, rebels join hands to seek leadership change in State Star of Mysore, 3 days ago Rebels up ante, seek change of Siddaramaiah Deccan Chronicle, 4 days ago
RaGa's young brigade takes charge for Siddaramaiah
BENGALURU: Congress vice-president Rahul Gandhi has faced flack for leaving the country at a time when the party's last big government in Karnataka sees internal rebellion but his young brigade appears to have taken up the gauntlet on his behalf and ...Economic Times, 3 days ago
Oscar calls on Srinivas Prasad
Even as legislators who have been dropped from the Ministry and those representing Bengaluru city constituencies are up in arms against Chief Minister Siddaramaiah, the former Union Minister Oscar Fernandes called on the former Revenue Minister and ...The Hindu, 3 days ago Dropped ministers, rebels get together to gun for Siddaramaiah; call rejig irrational New Indian Express, 3 days ago
Miffed MLAs join hands, want rejig flaws fixed
A handful of disgruntled legislators in the ruling Congress on Wednesday held a meeting and decided to mount pressure on the party to rectify what they termed as "flaws" in the ministry reshuffle done recently. Senior leaders V Srinivas Prasad, M H Ambareesh, ...Deccan Herald, 4 days ago
Rajya Sabha Elections: Fresh faces or veterans? Cong weighsoptions
WILL THE Congress bring fresh faces to Rajya Sabha or will it renominate members who have just retired? And, will it bring to the crucial Upper House some of its eloquent and heavyweight former ministers such as Kapil Sibal and P Chidambaram? As ...Yahoo! India, 1 month ago
K'taka is crucial for Cong in RS elections
1th Rajya Sabha election is crucial for the ruling Congress party in Karnataka which is hoping to win three seats out of four to help party maintain its tally in Rajya Sabha. In number games, the ruling party has numbers in Legislative Assembly for ...New Delhi Pioneer, 1 month ago Congress eyes third seat from State in Rajya Sabha elections The Hindu, 1 month ago
Three SAs in the top 25 of the British 2016 rich list
Three South Africans feature prominently in the UK's 2016 Rich List, published on Sunday by The Times of London. Netwerk24 Christo Wiese. Picture: Sharief Jaffer Nicky Oppenheimer (70), leads the way in 18th on the 1 000-strong table that is ...MSN South Africa, 2 months ago
Eyeing KPCC chief post, Muniyappa calls on Sonia
Seven-time MP and former Union Minister K.H. Muniyappa called on Congress president Sonia Gandhi on Thursday and sought her blessings to become the president of the Karnataka Pradesh Congress Committee. He has been calling on senior Congress ...The Hindu, 2 months ago
Azhar's Maiden Trouble
FOR Indian skipper Mohammad Azharuddin, the toughest confrontation is yet to begin. Embarrassed and enraged family members, incensed in-laws and a wife who refuses to be "divorced through an announcement made to the media" await his arrival in ...Outlook India, 2 months ago
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Posted: 6/1/2015
Karen R.
I currently completed the program. And must I say that the program and counselors have a outstanding facility. It is an amazing recovery center for those who need help of addiction. There are many opportunities for the addicted who servers. First and most the program helped me admit that I had an addiction and that my life was unmanageable. I then came to believe that a power Greater than myself could and did restore me to sanity. I had to make the decision to turn my will and life over to the care of God as I understood him. That wasn't just all. Before coming to the House of Gibson. I had hit rock bottom. My life was filled with my own inflicted pain & misery. I walked through the gate with so much life wreckage, shame, guilt and so damaged. But with only a few months. I learned that I have life killing disease for eternity. The program taught me about my illness. Along with 3 golden house principles. That Sobriety is #1, Honesty & Responsibility. With these 3 living everyday. I was well on my way. It is better that jails, institutions or death. If your really want to make a change and live a sobriety life then pick up the phone and call this could be your only chance. It helped my family and I. It saved my life and could save you too. Just One Day At A Time....
P.S. My gratitude to God & the Gibson House


text:
Foursquare © 2016 Lovingly made in NYC & SF
People tend to check in during these times:
Reem Al Bawadi
Middle Eastern · $$
Mohamed Bin Rashed Boulevard
"Mint shisha ftw. Expensive but worth it!"
Dar El Kamar
Jumeirah Beach Rd.
"Really good Egyptian cuisine. Diverse menu. Try the sugar cane juice and their koshari"
Mom's Food
Park Island
"Mom's paupiette, barley chicken, fattoush & hummos are really delicious & to die for. I can't wait to come back to the place for more. Plus, there's hookah as well for those who like to smoke outside"
Dubai Marina Walk
Harbor / Marina
Dubai Marina (Dubai Marina, Dubai Internet City)
"a wooden boat ride is a must especially at sunset the view is amazing. not fond of the restaurant and café choices there but worth visiting nevertheless"
The Walk at JBR
JBR Rd. (at Al Gharbi St)
"It's best in winter many nice resturants and coffe shops I love the contemporary design specially where the olive trees are"
The Dubai Mall
Mohammed bin Rashid Blvd. (بوليفارد محمد بن راشد)
"Amazing portfolio of retail stores and food outlets. Can happily spend 2 days pottering about. It's huge though. Come prepared to walk and walk. Food court is super crowded, not easy to get a table."
Created by @ABDUL2ZiZ198 items • 88 followers
Best Places for Shisha
Created by Emji34 items • 57 followers
Abu Dhabi & Dubai, United Arab emirates
Created by Bandder AlRefai176 items • 474 followers
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text:
A Creed Country Christmas
A Creed Country Christmas
Harlequin Books, Hardcover, 9780373774050, 256pp.
Publication Date: October 27, 2009
List Price: $16.95*
* Individual store prices may vary.
Buy at Local Store
Enter your zip code below to purchase from an indie close to you.
Buy Here
Celebrate the holidays with the Creed forefathers Montana men who built the family homestead and established a legacy of love
In the unforgiving Montana wilderness of 1910, widowed rancher Lincoln Creed is up against more than rustlers, wolves and the coming winter storms. His young daughter has needs beyond the beans and bacon he can barely cook. Lincoln must find little Gracie a governess, a lady who can teach and cook yet won't set her sights on him.
Disowned for her refusal to marry, twenty-five-year-old Juliana Mitchell shares the love in her heart with her young students at the underfunded Indian school. When she meets Lincoln and Gracie, her response to the handsome rancher makes her realize she's not against marriage after all.
She longs to help, yet the two orphaned brothers in her care need her. But in the season for miracles, Providence just might find a way to bring Juliana, the boys and the Creed family together for Christmas Eve .
About the Author
The daughter of a town marshal, Linda Lael Miller is the author of more than 100 historical and contemporary novels. Now living in Spokane, Washington, the First Lady of the West hit a career high when all three of her 2011 Creed Cowboy books debuted at #1 on the New York Times list. In 2007, the Romance Writers of America presented her their Lifetime Achievement Award. She personally funds her Linda Lael Miller Scholarships for Women. Visit her at www.lindalaelmiller.com.


text:
Home >
Tröegs Scratch 40(RETIRED)
RATINGS: 39 MEAN: 3.53/5.0 WEIGHTED AVG: 3.43/5 SEASONAL: Series IBU: 40 EST. CALORIES: 243 ABV: 8.1%
For the end of this four-beer IPA series, we pulled out some hop warhorsesCascade and Amarilloand incorporated a new favoriteCitrainto the mix. Following a similar grain bill to Scratch #38 and #39, #40 is a hazy orange beer with an off-white head, and plenty of hops to spare. In fact, this could be a Troegs record as more than three pounds of hops
Bready Munich malts and ample dry-hopping with Citra and Cascade hops gives #40 a sweet and tropical citrus aroma, akin to a hoppy Orange Julius, while a huge Amarillo hop addition in the kettle provides a long, lingering bitterness.
This cycle of uber-hoppy beers has been a blast for us to brew and drink, and gives us plenty of beer for thought as we devise future hoppy concoctions.
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Join us! RateBeer is made by beer enthusiasts for the craft beer community. Your basic membership is free and allows you to read all beer ratings. Click here to create your account... and give your opinion!
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text:
Please login to add/view friends online.
Beautiful AKC white labrador retriever puppies born May 22, 2016. There are numerous pictures on our extensive website. We offer a two year health g…
Location:Carbondale, IL
Breed:Labrador Retriever
MINI SCHNAUZER PUPPIES FOR SALE IN QUEENS, NYWest Highland Terrier & WesitePoo puppies for sale in Flushing Bayside Queens NYFRENCH BULLDOG PUPPIES FOR SALE IN QUEENS, NY
TerrificPets.com helps you find puppies for sale from great dog breeders! Please support our breeders when looking for puppies for sale.


text:
|Publication number
|Publication type
|Application number
|Publication date
|Jul 14, 1998
|Filing date
|Jan 17, 1995
|Priority date
|Jun 26, 1991
|Fee status
|Also published as
|Publication number
|Rosser S. Wilson, Peter Butler
|Original Assignee
|Maxtor Corporation
|Export Citation
|BiBTeX, EndNote, RefMan
|Patent Citations (23), Non-Patent Citations (2), Referenced by (11), Classifications (39), Legal Events (8)
|External Links: USPTO, USPTO Assignment, Espacenet
This is a continuation of application Ser. No. 07/722,118 filed on Jun. 26, 1991, now abandoned.
1. Field of the Invention
This invention relates to the field of magnetic disk files and more specifically to the field of data track misregistration detection.
2. Background Art
In a typical rotating medium as a storage system, data is stored on magnetic or magneto optic disks in a series of concentric "tracks." These tracks are accessed by read/write head that detects variations in the magnetic orientation of the disk surface.
The read/write head moves back and forth, radially or angularly, on a disk under control of a head-positioning servo mechanism so that it can be selectively positioned over a selected one of the tracks. Once in position over a track, the servo mechanism causes the head to trace a path which follows the center line of the selected track.
In a magnetic disk file containing multiple information storage surfaces, at least one recording head is uniquely associated with each surface. It is common for head positioning to consist of a synchronous operation in which all heads are moved in a similar manner by a single apparatus. Such an apparatus is illustrated in FIGS. 7 and 8.
FIGS. 7 and 8 illustrate side views of the head/disk assembly shown in FIG. 1. FIG. 7 shows a single disk system; FIG. 8 exhibits a multiple disk implementation. Data storage disks 1 are aligned on a common spindle axis for rotational purposes. One side of one disk is dedicated to servo information (101); all other surfaces comprise data surfaces 100. All data heads 1B and the single servo head 1D are manipulated simultaneously by positioning apparatus 700, under the control of an actuator (voice-coil motor 3 in FIG. 1).
The apparatus (700) provides for synchronized radial or angular movement of the heads (1B, 1D) across the surfaces (100, 101) of the disks (1). Thus, when one head is seeking a specific track, all heads are simultaneously positioned over the associated track on their respective surfaces.
Servo position reference information stored on at least one disk surface is used to provide position information to the disk drive servo system. Based on the position information, the servo system directs the positioning apparatus to center the heads over the correct tracks.
As track densities increase, misregistration of data heads with their corresponding tracks can become a problem in disk files employing servo position reference information physically separate from the data surfaces, as is the case with a dedicated servo scheme. In a dedicated servo scheme, one surface is entirely devoted to servo information. Data track locations are registered at the associated sites on the servo surface. This scheme provides for continuous position referencing. Positioning of all heads is accomplished in accordance with the servo information extracted from the single servo surface by the servo head.
Static and slowly-varying misregistration can occur due to thermal gradients, mismatch of thermal expansion coefficients of the materials from which the actuator and spindle are fabricated, and slip of bolted joints.
Attempts have been made in the past to compensate for misregistration solely by mechanical means. U.S. Pat. No. 4,860,135 to Cain is an example of this approach. In Cain a magnetic disk memory data storage device has a unitary arm assembly mounted for rotation by an actuator for carrying the transducers and shifting them across the disk surfaces. Due to the presence of multiple heat sources in the device, the assembly is subjected to varying temperature during normal device operation which causes differential rotation of the individual arms and consequent misalignment of them.
To compensate for thermal expansion, a slot is placed in the edge of an arm and a cylinder consisting of a material with a smaller thermal coefficient is placed in the slot in an interference fit. The cylinder tends to counteract the misalignment arising from the temperature change by causing the tension under which the edge of the arm in which the cylinder is placed to decrease as temperature increases and increase as temperature decreases.
Electrical detection of static misregistration is also known in the prior art. Essential to many misregistration detection means is a servo pattern located on every data surface. This servo pattern is accessed to measure the amount of track misregistration that occurs on that surface. U.S. Pat. Nos. 4,530,019 to Penniman and 4,530,020 to Sutton describe suitable servo patterns.
U.S. Pat. No. 4,530,019 to Penniman describes a sector format including, in their respective order, an erase gap, an automatic gain control (AGC) information burst, a first burst of servo control information, a second burst of servo control information, and user data. The first and second servo control information bursts are written alternately off track by one-half of the track separation between the track of interest and the next adjacent tracks to each side thereof. This sectorized servo format enables the apparatus to perform head-to-track alignment checks every sector. This sectorized format unnecessarily restricts the data storage capacity of the disk surface.
U.S. Pat. No. 4,530,020 to Sutton describes a runout correction pattern similar to the pattern described in the patent to Penniman. Sutton, however, produces the servo pattern as an integer number of sequentially recorded erase gaps, AGC bursts and servo bursts along track 0; no data is stored on this track. Decoding of the runout correction patterns by a positionally fixed playback transducer establishes runout correction information which may be provided to control, as a function of rotational angle of the disk, the servo mechanism adjusting the playback transducer position during playback of the data stored on the disk.
The purpose for having alternating servo bursts displaced one-half of the track width to each side is to provide signal amplitudes indicative of the amount of misregistration. An apparatus is used to sense the amplitude of each servo burst. For a head tracking too much to one side of the track, the bursts aligned along the side closest to the head position will read as a stronger signal and the servo bursts aligned on the side away from the head will read as a weaker signal.
There are several patents describing apparatus designed for the purpose of detecting track misregistration utilizing this type of servo pattern. In general, these designs are complex and comprise peak detector, multiple sample-and-hold circuits, multiplexer elements and an analog to digital converter.
U.S. Pat. Nos. 4,814,909 and 4,872,074 to Brown et al. describe a transducer position control system comprising these elements. On the four innermost and outermost tracks of a data surface, the first sector after each track index marker contains servo bursts offset as previously described. A peak detector receives the burst signals as input and provides the peak voltage to two sample-and-hold circuits.
The sample-and-hold circuits are triggered such that one circuit contains the peak value of a first burst and the other circuit contains the peak value of a second burst. On an alternating basis, each of the held burst values is selected by an analog data selector and provided to an analog to digital converter. The converter provides the digital value to the microprocessor which then calculates the amount of misregistration by comparing subsequent bursts. A disadvantage of the invention of Brown is its complexity, requiring double peak detectors, sample-and-hold circuits, and an analog-to-digital converter.
A digitally implemented apparatus is described in the U.S. Pat. No. 4,488,187 assigned to Alaimo. The apparatus of Alaimo comprises a digital demodulator which serves as a servo counter to provide a microprocessor with a binary offset count. The servo pattern used in this apparatus comprises a first group of digital pulses offset towards one side of track center, with each succeeding pulse offset by a decreasing distance, and a second group of digital pulses offset to the other side of track center, with each succeeding pulse offset by an increasing distance. The demodulator counts the number of pulses read by the recording head. The count produced by each group of pulses indicates the amount of misalignment between the data track and recording head. A disadvantage of this digital detection scheme is that the writing of the servo pulses requires a complex servo writing method and apparatus.
U.S. Pat. No. 4,412,165 to Case et al describes a sector servo position control system in which the position signals are derived from the servo samples with the head constrained in the correct on track position. The value of each of these position error signals is then stored as a digital number, forming part of a correcting byte in the data section immediately proceeding the associated faulty sample. The servo loop comprises a demodulator, analog to digital converter, digital controller, timing logic block, digital to analog converter and sample and hold circuitry.
U.S. Pat. No. 4,594, 622 to Wallis describes a track following servo system for a disk file that is improved by the feeding forward of a prediction of track eccentricity into the normal feedback control loop. The eccentricity related function is derived by combining functions of the position error signal and of the input signal to the head position actuator.
U.S. Pat. No. 4,878,135 to Makino et al. describes a head positioning system for use with a magnetic disk with outer, middle and inner servo tracks which are radially separated by data tracks. The circuitry employs a quadratic compensation function for determining the offset correction value.
U.S. Pat. No. 4,890,172 to Watt et al. describes a method for automatically calibrating gain parameters of a servo control. The method generally comprises a step of encoding AB bursts on at least one special calibration track of a disk surface. Servo correction number information is also encoded on the calibration track to compensate for the off-center pattern of the AB burst. A digital signal processing technique is performed on a correction signal derived from the AB burst and servo correction information to detect a residual signal at the preselected frequency of the off-center pattern signal. The gain of the track position detector is adjusted to minimize the magnitude of the residual signal.
U.S. Pat. No. 4,907,109 to Senio describes a magnetic disk drive system having automatic offset and gain adjustment means. The magnetic disk drive includes units that, immediately upon receipt of a power supply and before receipt of a seek command, measure one or more position offset values along one or more cylinders on a magnetic disk. This is done by detecting the control current when the position of the magnetic head is controlled under the fine position control, and calculating one or more offset correction values.
U.S. Pat. No. 4,920,462 to Couse et al. describes a disk drive fine servo velocity control and method for head positioning relative to a disk. During a seek operation, servo velocity control circuitry seeks out the destination track and places the head within the boundaries of that track while the servo position control circuitry, using servo information places the head on the centerline of the destination track. The fine servo control circuitry is provided for communicating the information generated by the servo position control circuitry to the servo velocity circuitry when the head is several tracks from the destination track in order to allow the actuator to smoothly and quickly cause the head to seek within the boundaries of the destination track without overshooting that track.
The apparatus for detecting data track misregistration of the present invention involves the interaction of a microprocessor with a demodulator. Microcode within the microprocessor periodically initiates a misregistration scan of fixed calibration tracks on the data surfaces at selected intervals to generate a calibration offset table that is used to compensate misregistration of data heads during the intervening interval.
Misregistration is detected by reading information bursts in the calibration areas. These bursts are written under the control of an interface controller to overlap three adjacent tracks. A first type of burst overlaps the inside and middle tracks. A second type of burst overlaps the middle and outside tracks. The demodulator of the present invention obtains the peak values of these bursts and outputs a timing pulse proportional to their respective peak voltage values. A timer within the microprocessor measures the time values, and the misregistration displacement is calculated by the comparison of the inner burst and outer burst time values. The calculated displacement is used in the offset table for subsequent disk references. The invention circumvents the need for a dedicated analog-to-digital converter and multiplexing switch.
FIG. 1 illustrates the servo environment of the present invention.
FIG. 2 illustrates the preferred embodiment of the servo demodulator of the present invention.
FIG. 3 illustrates signal waveforms within the servo demodulator of the present invention.
FIG. 4 illustrates a misregistration calibration area format for use with the present invention.
FIG. 5 shows a simplified flow chart of the microprocessor's microcode for use in the present invention.
FIG. 6 illustrates a functional diagram of the servo demodulator of the present invention.
FIG. 7 illustrates a side view of the head/disk assembly of the present invention.
FIG. 8 illustrates a side view of a multiple disk embodiment of the head/disk assembly of the present invention.
A system for data track misregistration detection comprising a demodulator operating in tandem with a microprocessor is described. The invention may be used for thermal misregistration and low-frequency offset correction in disk files employing a dedicated servo surface. In the following description, numerous specific details, such as gain values, specific circuit elements, etc. are described in detail in order to provide a more thorough description of the present invention. It will be apparent, however to one skilled in the art, that the present invention may be practiced without these specific details. In other instances, well known features have not been described in detail so as not to obscure the present invention.
In the present invention, a thermal compensation demodulator receives analog information in a differential format from an associated recording channel and provides a binary timing signal to a microprocessor. A software idle loop continually checks for commands on the disk interface while maintaining a timer which governs frequency of access to the misregistration calibration area. At specific intervals (i.e. 5 minutes), or at an interval determined by the expected rate of change of misregistration, an access to the calibration area is made. Each data head is selected sequentially and the demodulator is cycled to measure the misregistration value. A table, indexed by head, is constructed holding misregistration data. When a read or write command to a specific head is received, the table is interrogated. If the misregistration value obtained from the table is within a preset threshold range of the current position of the head, no head position correction is made and the operation proceeds normally. However, if misregistration is outside the threshold boundary, an appropriate position offset is introduced in the servo prior to the execution of the read or write command. Initiation of the offset command may be delayed until the servo has repositioned the head. Separate thresholds can be employed for write and read commands. The use of thresholds permits latency reduction, since it obviates head repositioning when misregistration is small.
Application of the invention to measurement and correction of track misregistration of data heads relative to a calibration track is the subject of FIG. 1. Data storage disks 1 contain surfaces for storage of customer data (100), as well as a servo position-reference surface (not shown) for storing information used by a dedicated servo. Misregistration calibration areas 1A are recorded at appropriate locations on all data surfaces 100. These are typically located in the outer guardband regions of the data surfaces, and are accessed periodically to gauge the amount of track misregistration on each data-surface recording head 1B. The dedicated servo system 4 controls head positioning through voice-coil motor 3 and positioning apparatus 700. Servo system 4 receives commands and presents status to interface controller 6 over a serial communication link on cable 4A. An important capability of the servo system is its ability to offset head position in marginal increments. This capability is utilized both in the initial writing of calibration tracks 1A, and in subsequent head repositionings to restore track misregistration. The servo system also delivers index and sector pulses to interface controller 6 over wires 4B. The number of sectors into which a track is divided may be altered by an appropriate command transmitted on cable 4A.
Record/reproduce channel 2 performs data encoding, detection, and clocking functions of a disk file and communicates with interface controller 6 over cable 2C. Data preamplifier 1C amplifies the signal output of the data surface recording 1B to a level suitable for application to the reproduce channel. The reproduce channel includes an automatic gain control (AGC) hold feature which permits acquisition of a specific gain value, and retention of that value. Wire 2B selects AGC acquisition or hold mode, and is controlled by microprocessor 6B. The AGC hold mode is invoked solely when reading misregistration calibration areas 1A.
Demodulator 5 receives analog reproduce data in a differential format on wires 2A, after this data has been filtered and subjected to AGC control in record channel 2. Comparator output 5B from the demodulator cooperates with event capture timer 6C in microprocessor 6B, and with demodulator mode control signal 5A to permit demodulation of calibration track information.
Interface controller 6, comprising data controller 6A and microprocessor 6B, governs communication between the disk file and a standardized device interface over cable 7. This interface can be, for example of the SCSI or PC/AT type. Use of a high-level interface is essential in implementing track misregistration calibration schemes, as it allows periodic accesses to calibration data, and any necessary recording head offset operations, to be effectively obscured from the customer. The interface controller 6 writes misregistration calibration areas 1A in a special sequence, thereby avoiding the requirement that these tracks be written by an expensive servo writer.
FIG. 5 illustrates the control flow of the microcode within the microprocessor 6B which is responsible for performing correction of track misregistration. FIG. 5 is only representative, other methods of implementing the track misregistration correction are possible. Additionally, means for cancelling low-frequency repetitive effects caused, for example, by loss of disk eccentricity could be contemplated. A software idle loop continually checks for commands on the interface, while maintaining a timer which governs frequency of access to the misregistration calibration area. At predetermined intervals, the calibration areas are accessed. Each head is checked sequentially, the demodulator is cycled to measure the misregistration value, and a table indexed by head is constructed holding misregistration data. When a read or write command to a specific head is received, the table is consulted. If the misregistration is within a preset threshold, no head position correction is made. If the misregistration is outside the threshold bound, an appropriate position offset is commanded in the servo prior to the execution of the read or write command. Formatting of the misregistration calibration areas is accomplished by a special format command.
As shown in FIG. 5, at the beginning of the microcode loop, the microprocessor's internal timer is checked to see if a predetermined interval of time has passed since the last calibration was made (block 510). If the answer is yes, the data heads seek to track K where the servo calibration pattern is located (block 511). Then, all heads are scanned, sequentially, to build an offset table, D(head), based on the detected misregistration of each head (block 512). The loop returns to START.
If the answer is no, hence the predetermined interval has not elapsed since the last calibration, then the microcode checks to see if there is a command request from the interface (block 513). If there is no request, then operation returns to START. If there is a request, then operation proceeds to the command interpreter (block 514).
If the command is a seek command, then microcode executes the seek command (block 515) and returns to START. If the command is a format command, then the microcode commands the operation for formatting the misregistration calibration areas (block 516) and then returns to START. If the command is a read or write command then the microcode branches to a new decision block (517) to determine whether to read or write.
If the command is a write command, then a check of the misregistration calibration table is made (block 521) to see if the misregistration lies within the write threshold (THRW). If the misregistration does lie within the threshold then the write command is executed (block 523) and the microcode returns to START. If the misregistration is not within the threshold region then the microprocessor commands an appropriate offset in the servo (block 522) prior to the execution of the write command. The offset value is taken from the misregistration calibration table, D(head). After the offset is applied, the write command is executed and operation returns to START.
If the command is not a write command, then the misregistration calibration table is checked (block 518) to see if the offset value is within the read threshold value THRR. Note that THRW is normally less than THRR. If the value in D(head) is less than the threshold value, then the read command is executed (block 520) and operation returns to START. If the offset value is outside the threshold value, then the microprocessor commands the servo positioning system to reposition the head according to the offset value (block 519). The read command is then executed and operation returns to the start of the loop.
A misregistration calibration servo format is illustrated in FIG. 4. Misregistration calibration areas 1A are written by interface controller 6 upon receipt of an appropriate command over device interface 7, by appropriate sequencing of recording channel 2 and of servo 4. Use is made, in this operation, of the capability of the interface controller 6 to select varying sector lengths in dedicated servo system 4. Each calibration comprises three adjacent tracks K-1, K, and K+1, each of pitch equal to the data track pitch. The central track of the area is written with an arbitrary number of AGCBURST-ODDBURST-EVENBURST triplets. All bursts are recorded with a constant frequency tone. AGCBURSTs 400 are written with the recording head centered on track K. ODDBURST 401 and EVENBURST 402 position bursts are written with the recording head offset from track K center by nominally 1/2 of track towards the inner and outer diameter of the disk, respectively. Head offset is obtained by issuing an appropriate command to servo system 4.
The misregistration calibration area is d.c. erased by the interface controller prior to recording of the triplets; complete erasure is ensured by performing erasure with the head in both offset and on-track positions of tracksK-1,K, and K+1.
As shown in FIG. 4, each burst of a triplet is demarked by a sector pulse 403; accordingly, prior to recording the misregistration calibration areas, the interface controller commands the servo system to deliver a number (i.e. three: number of triplets per track) of sector pulses per track. This number is not necessarily the same as the number of sector pulses employed on data tracks.
The AGCBURST 400 provides a gain reference to reproduce channel 2; the gain thus established is held constant through the adjacent ODDBURST 401 and EVENBURST 402.
The ODDBURST 401 and EVENBURST 402 fields are used differentially in known fashion to sense the radial position of the recording head 1B; for example, outward displacement of the head 1B results in an increase in amplitude of ODDBURST and reduction in amplitude of EVENBURST. The sum of ODDBURST and EVENBURST amplitudes remain nominally constant for moderate displacement of the recording head from track center of track K, thus permitting the head displacement D to be calculated as, ##EQU1## where constant G is a function of the headwidth of the particular recording head.
A block diagram of the novel demodulator circuit of the present invention is illustrated in FIG. 6. The function of demodulator 5 is to produce a measure of the misregistration of a selected data recording head in reference to its associated misregistration calibration area. The demodulator of the present invention is made up of five stages: A gain stage 630, a full wave rectifier 631, a peak detector and voltage-to-time converter 632, a bias replicator circuit 633, and an analog comparator 216.
The analog read data from line 2A is passed through a gain stage 630, which has a nominal gain of three. The amplified output 215 of the gain stage is provided to full-wave rectifier 631 to supply rectified signal 210 to the peak detector and voltage-to-time converter 632. The peak detector and voltage-to-time converter 632 also receives the Acquire/Discharge signal 5A from the microprocessor 6B and the bias signal 214 from the bias replicator 633. The Acquire/Discharge signal 5A is used to control the voltage-to-time conversion. The bias signal 214 is utilized in clamping circuitry within the peak detector to prevent transistor saturation. The output 212 of the voltage-to-time converter is a voltage signal ramping down from the peak value at a constant rate. The signal 212 is provided to the negative input of comparator 216.
The bias replicator 633 outputs a constant reference voltage signal 214 equivalent to the value that signal 212 would have if the differential input on lines 2A was zero. The reference signal 214 is provided to the positive input f comparator 5F.
Comparator SF produces binary digital output 5B. The falling edge of 5B is triggered as signal 212 rises above bias signal 214. The rising edge of signal 5B is triggered when the falling voltage 212 reaches the bias signal level.
A circuit diagram of the demodulator is shown in FIG. 2. One of the differential input lines of analog read data 2A is coupled through capacitor 200 to the base of transistor Q1, and the other input line is coupled through capacitor 201 to the base of transistor Q2. The base of transistor Q1 and the base of transistor Q2 are coupled to a gain stage biasing voltage through bias resistances RB1 and RB2, respectively. The emitter of transistor Q1 and the emitter of transistor Q2 are coupled together through resistor R4, and the emitters of transistors Q1 and Q2 are also coupled to current sources 202 and 203, respectively. Current sources 202 and 203 are coupled to ground, VSS. The collector for Q1 is coupled to the supply voltage VCC through resistor R1 and is also coupled to the base of transistor Q4. The collector of Q2 is coupled to VCC through resistor R2 and also coupled to the base of transistor Q3.
The collector of transistor Q3 and the collector of transistor Q4 are coupled to VCC. The emitters of transistors Q3, Q4 and Q5 are coupled to node 210 which is in turn coupled through a third current source 204 to VSS.
The base and collector of transistor Q5 are coupled to node 211, as are the base of Q6, the emitter of transistor Q7, and the collector of transistor Q12. Connected between VCC and node 211 is current source 217 with a current value of Ip. The collector of transistor Q6 and the collector of transistor Q7 are coupled to VCC. The emitter of transistor Q6 is coupled through resistor R5 to node 212. Capacitor 213 is coupled between node 212 and VSS. Also coupled to node 212 and VSS is current source 208, which has a current value of IDISCH. Node 212 is coupled to the negative input of comparator 216.
In the bias replicator circuit, the base of transistor Q8 is coupled through current source 205 to VSS and coupled through resistor R3 (R1=R2=R3) to VCC. The collector of transistor Q8 is coupled to VCC. The emitters of Q8 and Q9 are jointly coupled to current source 206, which is coupled to VSS. Current source 206 has a current value equivalent to that of current sources 202-205. The collector and base of transistor Q9 are coupled through current source 218, which has a current value equivalent to that of current source 217, to VCC.
The base of transistor Q10 is coupled to the base and collector of transistor Q9. The collector of Q10 is coupled to VCC and the emitter is coupled to node 214. Node 214 is coupled to the positive input of comparator 216 and to the base of transistor Q7. In addition, current source, 209 having a current value equivalent to that of current source 208, is coupled between node 214 and ground VSS. Note that, to ensure proper bias replication, R1=R2=R3; and Q8, Q9 and Q10 replicate the action of Q3/Q4, Q5 and Q6, respectively.
The emitter of transistor Q11 and the emitter of transistor Q12 are jointly coupled to current source 207 of value Is (Is>IP), which is coupled to VSS. The base of transistor Q12 is coupled to a reference voltage, and the base of transistor Q11 is coupled to the acquire/discharge signal on line 5A. The collector of transistor Q11 is coupled to VCC.
Transistors Q1, Q2, Q3 and Q4 form a gain stage followed by a full wave rectifier. The gain stage receives a differential signal from the recording channel 2 over wires 2A. The amplified output 34 of the gain stage is taken from the collectors of transistors Q1 and Q2.
Transistors Q5, Q6, Q11 and Q12 comprise a single-gated peak-hold circuit, the state of which is controlled by the acquire/discharge mode logic signal 5A. Transistor Q7 damps the base of transistor Q6 and collector of transistor Q12 to prevent saturation and zenering of the base-emitter junction of transistor Q6. In the acquire mode of the peak-hold circuit, capacitor 213 is allowed to charge up to the signals peaks through transistor Q6, which functions essentially as an emitter follower, with trickle emitter currents set by the IDISCH discharge current source 208. When the peak-hold circuit is set into hold mode, the base-emitter junction of transistor Q6 is forced into reverse-bias, whereupon capacitor 213 commences to discharge linearly under influence of constant-current source 208.
Comparator 216 signals on wire 5B when capacitor 213 has been discharged to a reference level established by transistors Q8, Q9, Q10 and their associated biasing current sources. This transistor network operates as a replica bias circuit which ensures that the potential on the non-inverting input of the comparator closely tracks the potential which capacitor 213 would assume in the absence of an input signal on wires 2A. The output 5B from the comparator 216 is a binary digital waveform.
Shown in FIG. 3 are waveforms pertinent to operation of the demodulator 5. These wave shapes are illustrated for the case of recording head 1D displaced inward relative to track center in the misregistration calibration area. Accordingly, the reproduced ODDBURST 401 is shown of smaller amplitude then the associated EVENBURST 402. Waveform A! illustrates the analog read data appearing on wires 2A when the misregistration calibration is being read. Signal B! toggles high in the AGC field to freeze AGC gain during the subsequent two position burst fields. Signal C! is pulsed high in each position field to control acquisition and discharge of the peak values of the ODDBURST and EVENBURST fields. Shown at D! and E!, respectively, are the potential across capacitor 213 in the demodulator and the logic signal output of comparator 216. Signals B! and C! are generated by microprocessor 6B. Signal E! is applied to the event capture timer 6C of microprocessor 6B.
Microprocessor 6B of FIG. 1 employs event capture timer 6C to measure for each ODDBURST 401 and EVENBURST 402 field the time interval between the switching of demodulator 5 into discharge mode (fall of waveform C!, and completion of discharge as marked by rise of the comparator output 5B (rise of waveform E!).
For a capacitor, I=CdV/dt. When integrated, this provides, in the case of the demodulator,
VPEAKWOOD =TODD (IDISCH /C) and
The magnitude of the discharge current, IDISCH, from current source 208, divided by the magnitude of capacitor 213 forms a common multiplying factor of both peak voltage equations. Accordingly, the magnitude of IDISCH and of C are not critical. Substituting these peak voltage equations into the original misregistration equation allows for the (IDISCH /C) term to be cancelled from the expression for D. The position misregistration, D, can be calculated within the microprocessor using the modified formula, ##EQU2## The demodulator 5 thus functions as a voltage-to-time converter in demodulating burst amplitudes.
Thus a means for detection of data track misregistration is described.
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|Fee payment
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|Jan 6, 2006
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text:
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Thai 414 off to Bangkok.
EK432 pushes back for its second leg to Brisbane.
CX739 from Hong Kong with a white nose.
The first freighter that bears Cathay's new livery makes its maiden appearance in Changi. CX78 off to Hong Kong via Penang.
A rather empty business class onboard CX417 to Hong Kong.
Head on with the CN-235.
EK354 from Dubai operated by one of two "United for Wildlife" themed A380.
Indonesia Navy's transport aircraft with a Wonderful Indonesia decal at Singapore Airshow 2016.
Delivered on 8 September 2003.
All Nippon 860 off to Tokyo Haneda.
GA833 heads back to Jakarta.


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7th Pay Commission will become REALITY in 15 days only. Good News from Media report is that – 7th Pay Commission : Cabinet Approve Proposal in 15 Days. Waiting of final report and final increment in salary, new pay scale and benefits in allowance is over in only fifteen days. This news is affected and benefits to 47 lakh government employee and 53 lakh pensioners. Please go through article 7th Pay Commission : Cabinet Approve Proposal in 15 Days for latest and current good news for all central and state government employee.
7th Pay Commission : Cabinet Approve Proposal in 15 Days
Good News…
The Seventh Pay Commission will become REALITY soon. Cabinet approve this proposal in 15 days.
There is a one empowered committee for review the recommendation given by seventh pay commission panel. This committee has reviewed this all recommendation given by panel headed mr. mathur. They have changed some recommendation and proposed to finance minister. This committee head Pradeep Kumar Sinha has submit its final report on the recommendations proposed by the 7th Pay Commission. And cabinet is likely to be approving this proposal in 15 days.
Central Government is planning to implement this salary hike and recommendation given by 7th pay commission and empowered committee from 01 August 2016.
Also Read : 7th Pay Commission Bill Pass with Merge 50% DA
This salary increment is effected from 01 January 2016. So arrears will be given ahead of Dusshera Festival in October.
One another good news is that : 7th Pay Commission final report is submitted with proposed with 30% hike in salary.
Empowered Committee headed by Pradeep Kumar Sinha had recommended 23.55 percentage overall salary hike in central government employee and pensioners of India. But now panel is likely to proposed hopping 30% hike in government employee salary and minimum salary of Rs. 23500 and maximum salary would be Rs 325000.
Article 7th Pay Commission : Cabinet Approve Proposal in 15 Days cover latest and current news for seventh pay commission. please keep in touch with this blog for more latest updates for 7th CPC.


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TYSONS CORNER, VA, June 23, 2016 — Unisys (NYSE: UIS) has entered into an Amazon Web Services (Nasdaq: AMZN) partner program that provides the former an AWS Government Competency designation for its delivery of cloud platforms to government agencies, ExecutiveBiz reported Tuesday. Partner companies that demonstrate technical proficiency in providing cloud services to …Read More »
Former HDS GM Jeff Henry Appointed as ViON Strategic Initiatives SVP
Jeff Henry has joined ViON as senior vice president of strategic initiatives and a member of the company's executive leadership team. Henry, who served as SVP and general manager of the Americas sales and services division at Hitachi Data Systems, will oversee ViON's strategic programs and help develop new processes for the company and …Read More »
Unisys, NEC Integrate Facial Recognition Tech for JFK Airport
TYSONS CORNER, VA, May 9, 2016 — Unisys (NYSE: UIS) has partnered with NEC Corporation of America to develop a facial recognition and comparison technology that will be deployed at the John F. Kennedy International Airport, ExecutiveBiz reported Friday. The team integrated NEC's NeoFace Match software with the overall identity verification system …Read More »
Unisys' John Kendall: Border Security Agencies Should Leverage Iris Scanning Tech
TYSONS CORNER, VA, April 19, 2016 — John Kendall, Unisys (NYSE: UIS) director of public sector and security programs for the Asia-Pacific region, has said iris scanning technology can help border security agents monitor people who enter the U.S., ExecutiveBiz reported Monday. Kendall wrote in a blog post published Friday that agents …Read More »
Unisys' Casey Coleman: New Approaches to People, Process, Tech to Drive Federal IT Security
TYSONS CORNER, VA, April 15, 2016 — Casey Coleman, vice president for federal civilian agencies at Unisys (NYSE: UIS), believes new approaches such as Federal CIO Tony Scott's "secure by design" concept for technology development work to ensure the security of federal networks, Executive Gov reported Wednesday. Coleman wrote in a guest …Read More »
Federal IT Vet Gene Zapfel Joins Koniag Services as President
Gene Zapfel has joined the Koniag Government Services group of companies as president of Koniag Services Inc., where he will head KSI's information technology services operations and objectives. Zapfel will bring to KSI 25 years of executive leadership experience in federal IT and management and consulting services from both small …Read More »
Unisys to Participate in GSA's FedRAMP Accelerated Pilot
TYSONS CORNER, VA, April 7, 2016 — Unisys' (NYSE: UIS) Service Management Government Cloud platform has been selected by the General Services Administration to be part of a pilot program that seeks to accelerate the Federal Risk and Authorization Management Program approval process, ExecutiveBiz reported Wednesday. The company said Wednesday it is one of …Read More »
Unisys' Casey Coleman Included in List of Top 50 Women in Tech for 2016
TYSONS CORNER, VA, April 6, 2016 — Casey Coleman, vice president of the civilian agencies business group within Unisys' (NYSE: UIS) federal system sector, has received recognition as one of FedScoop's top 50 "Women in Tech" in 2016, GovCon Executive reported Tuesday. FedScoop reported Thursday Coleman joins other women with notable …Read More »
PV Puvvada is 2016 Wash100 Inductee for His Leadership in Adoption of Commercial Tech
Executive Mosaic, Tysons Corner, VA March 14, 2016 — PV Puvvada, Unisys Federal systems president, has been inducted into Executive Mosaic's Wash100 list of the most influential leaders in GovCon for his work in commercial tech adoption. The Wash100 is the premier group of private and public sector leaders selected by Executive …Read More »
CBP Runs Tests on Unisys Biometrics at San Diego
TYSONS CORNER, VA, March 11, 2016 — The Unisys-made (NYSE: UIS) facial and iris biometrics are being tested at the Otay Mesa border crossing in San Diego by the U.S. Customs and Border Protection agency until May 2016, ExecutiveBiz reported Thursday. The company said Thursday the assessment aims to determine …Read More »


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Other projects/programs
Montana's Haskill Basin provides nearly 75 percent of the water supply for the town of Whitefish, located near Glacier National Park.
The Gecho Ranch in the heart of the Madison Valley has 1,406 acres of grazing land, wildlife habitat, and is in an area that is considered one of the most ecologically intact corners of the Greater Yellowstone Ecosystem.
Deep in the far northwest corner of Montana near the City of Troy sits 28,000 acres containing some of the state's best fisheries and wildlife habitat, and a highly productive working forest.
Located between the Bob Marshall and Mission Mountain Wilderness Areas, the Swan Valley is one of the most ecologically diverse areas within the Crown of the Continent Ecosystem.
In 2006, The Trust for Public Land placed a conservation easement over 1,521 acres of Olliffe ranch.
In 2009, the Trust for Public Land secured a conservation easement on the Half Circle cattle ranch, permanently protecting the ranch from development.
In 2005, The Trust for Public Land protected the 1,760-acre Anderson Ranch in Gallatin County.
With the purchase of more than 310,000 acres of private forest land from the Plum Creek Timber Company, The Trust for Public Land helped to safeguard the future of the Crown of the Continent.
The Crown of the Continent is the largest intact eco-system in the lower 48 states. To safeguard this unique habitat from fragmentation, The Trust for Public Land and its partners are working to consolidate "checkerboard" ownership patterns into an uninterrupted network of conserved lands.
The Trust for Public Land's O'Dell Creek Headwaters and Wetlands Restoration Project is a multi-year effort to restore one of the most significant wetlands complexes in Montana.


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High-DPI displays seem to be the wave of the future, especially on tablets—just look at the iPad 3 and the upcoming Transformer Infinity Series. Happily, Windows 8 is being designed to take proper advantage of higher pixel densities without scaling user-interface elements. Microsoft has detailed its work in that arena on the Building Windows 8 blog.
Windows 8 will support three scaling modes: 100% for regular displays, 140% for "HD tablets," and 180% for "quad-XGA tablets." The size chart below sheds some light on what those labels mean and what effect they'll have on UI scaling:
"HD tablets" will have 1920x1080 panels, while "quad-XGA" offerings will cram 2560x1440 pixels into similar-sized displays. As Microsoft points out, keeping UI elements the same size on such devices is crucial, since smaller buttons and widgets are harder to touch. The company will help developers optimize their apps for high pixel densities with Visual Studio 11, which includes a Windows Simulator with various resolution and screen size combos.
This discussion is now closed.
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|Rumor: reference-cooled GeForce GTX 1060 breaks cover


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The £145 GOLD infused leggings that promise to tackle cellulite (there are 24-carat gloves and a mask for wrinkles too...)
- Proskins Gold are 24-carat gold leggings that promise to banish cellulite
- Packed with powerful moisturiser hyaluronic acid to revitalise skin
- Also have eye mask to tackle crows' feet and gloves to help wrinkly hands
- Model Sophie Anderton is a fan of £145 leggings
Cellulite affects everyone from the super slim
to the ultra curvy and from detox diets to miracle creams, there are no shortage of gimmicks out there to help banish the dreaded
lumps and bumps.
And now, one company has taken the battle against unsightly orange-peel skin one step further with its gold-infused leggings.
Proskins - an anti-cellulite compression wear and slimming legging company - has today unveiled the 24-carat gold legwear that promise to banish cellulite.
Can these gold leggings banish cellulite? Proskins has unveiled 24-carat gold leggings which promise to improve the appearance of your legs in as little as three days
So how do they work? The black leggings are packed with tiny gold particles which are full of thousands of hyaluronic acid molecules.
Hyaluronic acid is a powerful moisturiser that occurs naturally in the skin. As we age, the natural hyaluronic acid in the skin decreases, leaving it looking tired, dull and dry.
Proskins Gold claim the hyaluronic acid in the leggings penetrates deeply into the skin to hydrate and moisturise and leave it with a fresh, youthful appearance.
Bedtime beauty: The black leggings, as well as gloves and eye masks, are packed with tiny gold particles which are full of thousands of hyaluronic acid molecules which moisturise skin
Proskins say it's the first time ever that these ingredients have been used in leggings, as well as in gloves and eye masks, which the company also offer.
They claim that their gold garments can provide intense hydration for legs, tackle crows' feet around the eyes and smooth hands in just three days.
Beat the bumps: The leggings also promise to help to contour and improve the appearance of problem areas and the moisturising and antioxidant benefits continue for up to two days after wear
The leggings also promise to help contour and improve the appearance of problem areas for up to two days after wear.
The brand says unique yarn technology means the micro-capsules are guaranteed to remain in the garment for at least 100 washes.
Model Sophie Anderton is a fan and has even said that she would rather wear the mask, gloves and leggings to bed than a sexy negligee.
She said: 'Now that I am 36, having youthful looking legs is certainly a lot harder than when I started out modelling nearly 20 years ago - no matter how many trips you make to the gym.
'But in less than three days of wearing them, I noticed that my legs were far more hydrated and super smooth.
They definitely had a "youthful glow" and the effects didn't stop after I stopped wearing them, which is a big bonus.'
The leggings cost £145 and the eye mask and gloves are £45 each. All three are on sale at the Harrods pharmacy.
They're just like us: Kim Kardashian and Sienna Miller have both admitted to having cellulite
Birch oil - This best-selling anti-cellulite oil, containing organic silver birch, is receiving glowing reports from those who have tried it.
Hide it with a tan - Soap & Glory One Night Tanned is the go-to for former personal trainer Marcia Kilgore, founder of Soap & Glory and the FitFlop.
FitFlops - If you don't have time to go to the gym, try the FitFlop, the fitness shoe.
Herbs - Gotu Kola has been recommended by Shabir Dayar, pharmacist at Victoria Health. She said: 'Use herbs that have been recognised for encouraging lymph drainage, such as Gotu Kola by Nature's Way. In addition to its circulatory properties, it has the ability to encourage collagen synthesis and repair.'
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text:
Neurotically Yours
The immensely popular series about Germaine and her squirrel Foamy!
Jerry Jackson
Jerry Jackson has made some Flash and would like to share it.
Reemus has several journeys!
this is awesome!
this game is alot of fun but the onlt problem is the car is too slow. and if its at all possible, see if you can make the city a little bigger
good game tho:D
quite good
this is quite good but yh kinda hard to control the car.
can get annoying
Can get annoying sometimes but fairly easy
good game
but to danm annoying!!!!!
the car moves so slow its torture playing this game
make the car a lot faster
it was ok not that good. hard to control car :P
work on it, people.


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|Publication number
|Publication type
|Application number
|Publication date
|Sep 2, 1986
|Filing date
|Jun 24, 1985
|Priority date
|Jul 16, 1984
|Fee status
|Publication number
|Richard E. Berrend
|Original Assignee
|Oil-Rite Corporation
|Export Citation
|BiBTeX, EndNote, RefMan
|Patent Citations (10), Referenced by (10), Classifications (8), Legal Events (6)
|External Links: USPTO, USPTO Assignment, Espacenet
This is a continuation of application Ser. No. 630,981, filed July 16, 1984, now abandoned.
This invention relates to a multiple oiler assembly and more particularly to the mounting of valve members in a gang arrangement.
U.S. Pat. Nos. 2,646,856 and 3,656,584 owned by the common assignee with this invention, disclose arrangements for gang mounting of valve members. In the patented structures tie rods or bars are required to secure the valve members or their manifold elements together. The tie rods and the recesses in which they are disposed must be machined with relatively close tolerances to be assured that the valve members or their manifold elements will be properly aligned. The length of tie rods also must be rather precise to be sure the sealing members between the valves or manifold elements are properly compressed. And since the number of valve units in a gang will vary in accordance with the machine to be lubricated, it is necessary with the patented structures to maintain a substantial and costly inventory of tie rod bars. If it subsequently is necessary to add a valve to an existing gang mounting, complete disassembly of the gang mounting is required as costly new and longer tie rods are also needed for the reconstituted gang. It is generally an object of this invention to provide for a gang mounted valve member arrangement that eliminates the need for tie rods and all their attendant problems.
According to the invention, an oiler assembly for the delivery of oil lubricant from supply means to a plurality of lubrication points includes a valve member corresponding to each lubrication point. Each valve member is provided with a laterally extending first bore that opens to one side of the member. A sleeve is provided on each valve member and projects laterally from the side of the valve member opposite from the opening of the first bore. The sleeve includes a second bore that opens to the remote end of the sleeve and extends generally coaxially with the first bore and communicates with the first bore to form a transverse oil lubricant through-passage in each valve member. Each valve member includes a valved passage that communicates with the through-passage to provide each lubrication point with the desired amount of oil lubricant. The sleeve of each valve member has an outside diameter generally corresponding to the diameter of the first bore such that the sleeve of each valve member can be sealingly plugged into the first bore of the next proceding valve member to form a gang mounted valve member arrangement.
The drawings furnished herewith illustrate the best mode presently contemplated for the invention and are described hereinafter.
In the drawings:
FIG. 1 is an elevational view, partially in section, showing the multiple feed oiler of this invention;
FIG. 2 is an enlarged partial elevational view, partially in section, showing details of the invention;
FIG. 3 is a sectional view taken generally on line 3--3 of FIG. 2; and
FIG. 4 is a sectional view taken generally on line 4--4 of FIG. 2.
Referring to the drawings, the multiple oiler assembly 10 includes a plurality of gang mounted needle valves 11 receiving oil lubricant from the common reservoir 12 for delivery to select corresponding lubrication points of a machine, not shown. The flow from the reservoir 12 passes through the shut-off valve 13 of the assembly 10 and a hollow connector 14 to the respective needle valves 11. Flow shut-off to the valves 11 may be effected by a plunger, not shown, disposed in the shut-off valve 13 and operated by a toggle assembly 15 or other form of shut-off actuator.
The respective needle valves 11 are all generally identical. Their structure provides also for generally identical appearance in both the fore-and-aft directions so that the valves 11 may be disposed to either side of the intermediate connector 14.
The connector 14 is provided with a generally central, longitudinally extending through-bore 16 which communicates with a flow passage, not shown, through the shut-off valve 13. The connector 14 may further include means 17 for appropriately mounting the assembly 10 onto or relative to a machine, not shown.
Each of the respective needle valves 11 comprises a body 18 which is generally rectangular when viewed in plan. The body 18 of each valve 11 is provided with a stepped vertical through-bore 19 which includes a portion 20 of reduced diameter intermediate the length thereof and which provides an upwardly facing valve opening 21.
The valves 11 further have an enlarged portion of bore 19 opening downwardly to provide for a sight chamber 22 offering a visible check of valve performance. The valve body 18 is provided with fore-and-aft opposed sight openings 23 providing for viewing into the sight chamber 22. A nozzle 24 is press fit into the reduced diameter bore portion 20 and depends into the sight chamber 22 with the lower end of the nozzle in clear view through the sight openings 23. A length of transparent tubing 25 is coaxially and sealingly disposed in the chamber 22. A threadedly engaged hollow fitting 26 sealingly abuts the lower end of tubing 25 and secures the tubing in place between the fitting and the bore shoulder 27. A lubricant delivery line 28 is connected to the fitting 26 by the compression nut 29 and extends to the lubrication point, not shown.
The valve opening 21 communicates with an enlarged bore portion 30 that opens upwardly to receive the needle assembly 31. The assembly 31 includes a needle adaptor 32 which is sealingly and threadedly engaged within the upper end of the bore portion 30. The adaptor 32 is internally threaded to adjustably support the needle member 33. The needle member 33 extends downwardly through and projects from the annular sleeve 34 on the lower end of the adapator 32. The lower end of the needle member 33 is provided with a tapered portion 35 which in association with the valve opening 21 is adapted to control the flow of lubricant from the corresponding valve 11. An externally threaded sleeve 36 cn the upper end of the adaptor 32 supports an annular packing nut 37 for compressing an O-ring seal 38 against the needle member 33 to preclude ingress of deleterious matter around the needle.
The upper portion of the valve body 18 is further provided with a laterally extending bore 39 on an axis generally normal to the axis of the vertical bore 30. The bore 39 opens to one side of the body 18 and intercepts with and extends inwardly beyond the bore portion 30. The bore 39 in the needle valves 11 and the bore 16 in the connector 14 are of generally like dia- meter.
On the side opposite from the opening of bore 39, the valve body 18 is provided with a cylindrical sleeve projection 40 having a bore 41 opening to the remote end of the projection and extending generally coaxially with respect to bore 39 and communicating therewith. Thus, the bores 39 and 41 together form a transverse oil lubricant through-passage in each valve member 11. The sleeve projection 40 is stepped externally to provide an outwardly facing annular shoulder 42 spaced a given distance from the side of the valve body 18. The sleeve projection 40 outwardly from the shoulder 42 has an external diameter generally similar to that of valve body bore 39 and connector bore 16 and is adapted for plug-in reception into either of those bores as perhaps best shown in FIG. 2.
The sleeve projection 40 is provided with a vertical cross-bore 43 on an axis generally normal to the axis of the sleeve bore 41 and spaced outwardly from the shoulder 42. The distance between the shoulder 42 and the axis of the cross-bore 43 generally corresponds to the distance between the side of the valve body 18 containing the opening of bore 39 and the axis of the valve body bore 30, and the diameter of the cross-bore generally corresponds to the diameter of bore 30. Thus, when the sleeve projection 40 of one needle valve 11 is plugged into the bore opening 39 of the adjacent needle valve with engagement between the respective shoulder 42 and the side wall of the valve body 18, the cross-bore 43 and the body bore 30 will be coaxially disposed, such that upon installation of the needle assembly 31, the lower sleeve 34 on the needle adaptor 32 will project into the cross-bore 43 to interlock the adjacent needle valve members 11 together and provide for disposition of the tapered portion 35 of the needle member 33 in position to control the flow of oil lubricant through the bore opening 21 to the nozzle 24. Intermediate the shoulder 42 and the cross-bore 43 a peripheral groove 44 is provided on the sleeve projection 43 for receipt of an O-ring 45 to seal the projection within the bore 39.
The needle valve sleeve projection 40 is also sealingly engageable within the bore 16 at either end of the connector 14. A threaded opening 46 is provided adjacent to both ends of the connector 14 in alignment with the cross-bore 43 of a plugged in sleeve projection 40. A threaded member 47 is engageable within the opening 46 and projects into the cross-bore 43 to interlock the adjacent valve 11 to the connector 14 to prevent an involuntary disruption therebetween. A fiber washer 48 provides for sealing engagement of the threaded member 47.
While FIG. 1 shows but two (2) needle valves 11 disposed at the respective ends of the connector 14, any number of valves as needed may be included in the assembly 10 with each valve being interlocked to the valve next preceding. The end valves 11, however, must be provided with closure means.
With particular reference to FIG. 2, the closure means for the end valves 11 comprise a hollow plug member 49 which includes an annular shoulder 50 engageable upon the remote side of the end valves generally similar to the shoulder 42 of the sleeve projection 40. Closure member 49 further includes a sleeve 51 generally similar to the sleeve projection 40. Like the sleeve projection 40, the sleeve 51 is provided with a crossbore 43 providing for interlock by the downwardly projecting needle adaptor sleeve 34 and the functioning of the tapered portion 35 of the needle member 33 relative to the exposed valve opening 21. The sleeve 51, like the sleeve projection 40 is also provided with a peripheral groove 44 for an O-ring 45 to seal the closure member 49 within the bore 39 of the end of the valve members 11.
If it ever became necessary to add one or more valves 11 to the oiler assembly 10 at some later date, that will be a rather simple matter. If the nature of the delivery lines 28 permit, the gang mounted valves can be interrupted by the removal of any one of the needle assemblies 31 and an unplugging of the corresponding sleeve projection 40 to provide for the insertion of an added valve member 11 at that point. Otherwise, the end closure plug 49 may be removed to permit a valve addition at the end of the gang mounting with the closure plug to be reinstalled in the added last valve.
Since each needle valve 11 of the oiler assembly 10 of this invention includes means for connecting a valve into a gang mounted arrangement, tie rods or other connecting means are eliminated to present a more orderly and neat appearance and to reduce inventory requirements. Subsequent valve additions to the gang mounted arrangement, if needed, will involve only the one or more additional valves without need for new and accommodating connecting means for the reconstituted gang arrangement.
Various modes of carrying out the invention are contemplated as being within the scope of the following claims particularly pointing out and distinctly claiming the subject matter which is regard as the invention.
|Cited Patent
|Filing date
|Publication date
|Aug 14, 1894
|Dec 31, 1895
|Feb 26, 1903
|Apr 5, 1904
|George L Rankin
|Hot-water heating system.
|Dec 3, 1904
|Nov 7, 1905
|Johannes Th Pedersen
|Jan 31, 1951
|Jul 28, 1953
|Lyden Frank J
|Multiple oiler
|Oct 13, 1955
|Jun 3, 1958
|Lyden Frank J
|Combined drop and flush oilers
|May 13, 1958
|May 31, 1960
|Johnson Gage Dev Company
|Dial indicator stem mount
|Jul 1, 1959
|Jun 19, 1962
|Buckeye Iron & Brass Works
|Valve structure
|Jun 26, 1964
|May 2, 1967
|Lube Devices Inc
|Multiple valve fluid feeder
|Jul 22, 1966
|Aug 5, 1969
|Tfh Publications Inc
|Manifold valve assembly
|Oct 14, 1969
|Apr 18, 1972
|Oil Rite Corp
|Lubricant manifold assembly
|Citing Patent
|Filing date
|Publication date
|Sep 3, 1986
|Dec 22, 1987
|Emcore, Inc.
|Modular gas handling apparatus
|Apr 28, 1987
|Jan 17, 1989
|Ssi Medical Services, Inc.
|Valve for a patient support structure
|Oct 27, 1987
|Jun 13, 1989
|Ssi Medical Services, Inc.
|Variable flow gas valve
|Aug 3, 1987
|Aug 21, 1990
|Ssi Medical Services, Inc.
|Low air loss bed
|Mar 21, 1990
|Sep 24, 1991
|Goodwin Vernon L
|Patient support structure
|Jul 7, 1993
|Sep 27, 1994
|Ssi Medical Services, Inc.
|Proportional control valve for patient support system
|Sep 12, 1997
|Nov 16, 1999
|Henkel Corporation
|Coating apparatus
|Apr 20, 1999
|Jan 11, 2000
|Henkel Corporation
|Coating apparatus
|Nov 15, 1999
|Apr 2, 2002
|Henkel Corporation
|Coating apparatus
|Jun 6, 2001
|Jun 1, 2004
|Trinity Innovations, Inc.
|Method and apparatus for reducing operating costs and emissions in a pumping installation
|U.S. Classification
|184/81, 137/884, 137/883
|International Classification
|Cooperative Classification
|European Classification
|Apr 7, 1987
|Certificate of correction
|Mar 2, 1990
|Fee payment
Year of fee payment: 4
|Feb 17, 1994
|Fee payment
Year of fee payment: 8
|Mar 24, 1998
|Maintenance fee reminder mailed
|Aug 30, 1998
|Lapse for failure to pay maintenance fees
|Nov 10, 1998
|Expired due to failure to pay maintenance fee
Effective date: 19980902


text:
What kind of dragon Pokémon do you expect to see in XY?
Well I cant really expect for much at this point besides the fact that they might step up the detail in the making of the dragons based on the starters and the 2 mascott legendaries. I can hope for some kinda Komodo Dragon dragon/poison pokemon(as i've said time and time before). That would be amaing. Maybe also making some dragons derived from different mythologies as well such as amphiters or gargoyles(Druddigon is more of a cave dragon. And even that doesnt make sense cuz its dex says that it becomes incapable of movement without sunlight energy stored. Real gargoyles become inactive in sunlight. Even so in druddigon's case, Cave =/= Sunlight ????).