text:
|Publication number
|Publication type
|Application number
|Publication date
|Jun 10, 2008
|Filing date
|Aug 18, 2004
|Priority date
|Mar 15, 1999
|Fee status
|Also published as
|Publication number
|Roger Barga, David B. Lomet
|Original Assignee
|Microsoft Corporation
|Export Citation
|BiBTeX, EndNote, RefMan
|Patent Citations (8), Non-Patent Citations (8), Referenced by (10), Classifications (12), Legal Events (3)
|External Links: USPTO, USPTO Assignment, Espacenet
This is a divisional of U.S. patent application Ser. No. 10/128,053, entitled "Persistent Client-Server Database Sessions", which was filed Apr. 22, 2002 as a divisional of U.S. patent application Ser. No. 09/268,240, which was filed Mar. 15, 1999, now abandoned.
This invention relates to client-server computer systems. More particularly, this invention relates to systems and methods that enable database applications running on the client to persist across server crashes.
Computer systems occasionally crash. A "system crash" is an event in which the computer quits operating the way it is supposed to operate. Common causes of system crashes include power outage, application operating error, and computer goblins (i.e., unknown and often unexplained malfunctions that tend to plague even the best-devised systems and applications). System crashes are unpredictable, and hence, essentially impossible to anticipate and prevent.
A system crash is at the very least annoying, and may result in serious or irreparable damage. For standalone computers or client workstations, a local system crash typically results in loss of work product since the last save interval. The user is inconvenienced by having to reboot the computer and redo the lost work. For servers and larger computer systems, a system crash can have a devastating impact on many users, including both company employees as well as its customers.
Being unable to prevent system crashes, computer system designers attempt to limit the effect of system crashes. The field of study concerning how computers recover from system crashes is known as "recovery." Recovery from system crashes has been the subject of much research and development.
Current database systems support fault-tolerance and high availability by recovering quickly from system failures. In general, the goal of redo recovery is to return the computer system after a crash to a previous and presumed correct state in which the computer system was operating immediately prior to the crash. Then, transactions whose continuations are impossible can be aborted.
Much of the recovery research focuses on database recovery for database computer systems, such as network database servers or mainframe database systems. Imagine the problems caused when a large database system having many clients crashes in the midst of many simultaneous operations involving the retrieval, update, and storage of data records. Database system designers attempt to design database recovery techniques that minimize the amount of data lost in a system crash, minimize the amount of work needed following the crash to recover to the pre-crash operating state, and minimize the performance impact of recovery on the database system during normal operation.
While database recovery techniques are helpful for recovering data, the techniques offer no help in recovering applications that are interacting with the database at the time of failure. Currently, such applications either fail, resulting in an application outage, or are forced to cope with database failures assuming they survive the database crash. The former compromises application availability and can increase operational complexity. The later either severely restricts application flexibility or increases its complexity.
When an application fails because of a database system crash, organizations responsible for the application need to quickly bring the application back on line. In the enterprise-computing world, time is quite literally money. Database recovery ensures that the database state is consistent. However, an application retaining state across database transactions can have consistency requirements that are not captured at the database transaction boundary. Furthermore, parts of the application state may be lost during a crash. Restoring and continuing application execution is all too frequently a very complex and time-consuming operational problem.
In some system configurations, an application can survive a database system crash. For example, when the application executes on a client machine while the database is on a separate server. This permits the application to include logic to deal with database crashes and hence avoid an application outage. However, handling errors or exceptions is a very difficult part of getting applications right. Dealing with database system failures at the application level is tedious and error-prone, even when the application itself stays alive.
There has been some work in this area. One technique exploits logging and recovery techniques to enable applications to be recoverable. See, e.g., Lomet, D. Application recovery using generalized redo recovery. Int'l. Conference on Data Engineering, Orlando, Fla. (February, 1998); and Lomet, D. and Tuttle, M. Redo recovery from system crashes. VLDB Conference, Zurich, Switzerland (September 1995) 457-468. The focus of this work has been to minimize the impact of providing recovery on the normal operation of the system. In practice, this means minimizing the amount of logging and application checkpointing required. Sometimes, it means making the application an object that can be managed by the database recovery manager.
Other prior work on application fault-tolerance in distributed systems is based on some form of application "installation points" and/or "message logging". The prior work can be categorized into the following three approaches, all of which incur high normal operation and/or recovery costs: (1) fault-tolerant process pairs, (2) distributed state tracking, and (3) persistent queues.
Another client-server system directed to application recovery is described in U.S. patent application Ser. No. 09/033,511, entitled "Client-Server Computer System With Application Recovery of Server Applications and Client Applications", which was filed Mar. 2, 1998 in the names of David B. Lomet (an inventor in this invention) and Gerhard Weikum. This application is assigned to Microsoft Corporation.
Despite these efforts, there remains a need to improve application recovery techniques in client-server database systems. Particularly, there is a need to provide application recovery at modest system implementation cost that avoids modification to the application itself.
This invention concerns a client-server database system that enables persistent client-server database sessions, without modification to a client-side application, database system, or native client-server access mechanisms (called drivers). The client-server database system preserves sessions across a server crash without the client-side application being aware of the outage, thereby making recovery transparent to the application.
In one implementation, the client-server database system has a client computer and a database server computer. The database server computer runs a database server program that handles client queries for data in one or more database tables stored in a stable storage.
The client has a database application to formulate the client queries for the data kept in the tables. One or more client-side database drivers facilitate communication between the database application and the database server program.
The client is further implemented with a driver manager to facilitate communication between the database drivers and the database application. The driver manager wraps the native drivers, intercepting queries passed from the database application to the database drivers and responses returned from the drivers to the application. The driver manager modifies the queries to form modified queries that direct the database server to render result sets produced from processing the queries persistent at the database server.
If the query will result in creation of a result set, for example, the driver manager alters the query to direct the database server to create a result set table in the stable storage and fill the table with the result set obtained from processing the query. In this manner, the result set will persist across a server crash. The driver manager continues to convert statements from the database application for operation on the result set table and reconvert responses from the database server prior to returning them to the database application. The driver manager further tracks application statements and a current result set table location in a log maintained at the client. Thus, the database application is unaware of the actions being taken to make the session persistent.
Upon recovery following a server crash, the driver manager directs the drivers to reestablish a connection with the database server. The driver manager then finds the persistent result set table and using data from the log, returns to the same operation on the result set table just prior to the crash. The driver manager reassociates the application context to the new database session without the database application even knowing that a failure occurred.
This invention concerns client-server database systems and techniques for making client-server database sessions persistent across database server crashes. In general, the system is responsible for application persistence across server failures. The system acts to ensure that the application is recoverable and able to continue execution after the crash, without the application taking any measures on its own to ensure its survival. This characteristic is referred to as "transparent" application recoverability.
The transparent application recovery scheme is described in the context of a "middleware" software architecture in which a client-based software component is layered between a native database driver layer (e.g., ODBC layer) and a database application layer (e.g., SQL layer). The middleware infrastructure can be readily installed on client machines without introducing a substantial recovery manager or extensively modifying an existing database system's recovery manager. Furthermore, the middleware infrastructure requires no modification to the client-side drivers and application. It is noted, however, that the invention may be implemented in other architectures, such as at other client layers, or partly at the client and partly at the server.
The server 24 is a general-purpose computer that is configured as a database server to serve data from a persistent database 28. The server is illustrated as a server-enabled personal computer, such as a computer configured to run the Windows NT operating system from Microsoft Corporation. However, the server 24 may further be implemented in other forms, such as a UNIX-based server, a minicomputer, or a mainframe. The server can service more than one clients, although only one client is shown for discussion purposes.
Software Architecture
The client-side software includes one or more database drivers 36 that facilitate data communication with the database server. The database drivers 36 are typically implemented as a client stub sold as part of the database system. The drivers support a set of APIs (application program interfaces).
The client-side software further includes a driver manager 38 that wraps the driver stub 36, and a client database application 40 (e.g., SQL client). The client application 40 communicates with the database server 24 by calling the APIs supported by the database drivers 36. With this architecture, the client database application 40 sends query requests via the database driver 36 to the database server 24 to locate data records maintained in one or more database tables 42, which are stored in database 28.
The driver manager 38 manages communications between the application 40 and database drivers 36. The driver manager 38 selects a driver for a particular database when the application first connects to the database and then passes all function calls coming from the application to the driver. The driver manager may also handle some function calls directly, and detect and handle some types of errors.
The client-server software architecture 30 provides persistent database sessions for the client application 40 during its interaction with the database server 24. The sessions can survive a database server crash without the client application 40 being aware of the outage, except for possible timing considerations.
The driver manager 38 wraps the database driver layer 36 and intercepts all communication between the client application 40 and the database driver 36. By wrapping the driver APIs, the intermediate manager layer 38 is able to alter commands from the client application to direct the server database to make volatile session state persistent. For example, when the client application sends a query to locate records in a database table 42, the manager 38 rewrites the query statement before passing the statement on to the native driver 36. The rewritten statement asks the database server to create a persistent database table into which the query result set can be captured. Thus, the result set from the query is stored in a result set table 44 that can survive a system failure.
The client 22 is also equipped with a cache 46 that stores a log 48. The driver manager 38 intercepts and logs all requests going from the client application 40 to the database server 24 in the log 48. The manager 38 also intercepts responses from the database server 24 and variously caches certain responses in cache 46, filters other responses, reshapes result sets returned in response to queries, and synchronizes with state materialized on the database server.
Accordingly, in one implementation, the manager 38 contains all of the necessary code to enable persistent database sessions to client application 40, without the application 40 needing to take measures for its recoverability. Further, there are no modifications to either the database system or native drivers 36. In this manner, the architecture 30 integrates database server recovery and transparent session recovery. The result is persistent client-server database sessions that survive a server crash without the client application being aware of the outage (except for possible timing considerations) and without requiring changes to the database system, native driver, or any special application programming.
General Operation
To provide persistent database sessions, the intermediate driver manager layer 38 insulates the client application 40 from these underlying database sessions formed by the drivers 36. To do this, the driver manager layer 38 creates a virtual database session (step 62 in
At step 66 in
Depending upon the request type, the driver manager 38 may modify the request to direct the database server to preserve the request and/or results produced in response to the request in the persistent database 28 at the server 24 (step 72). For example, if the request causes the server to search a database table 42 and create a result set, modification of the request may involve telling the server to create a persistent table 44 in which the result set can be stored. In this way, the architecture allows the volatile state to be materialized as persistent tables at the server. A detailed example involving creation of a persistent result set table in an ODBC/SQL environment is given below under the main heading "Exemplary ODBC/SQL Implementation" and the subheading "Exemplary Session with Driver Wrapper Layer 38".
The driver manager 38 may optionally log the modified request in the log 48 in client cache 46 (step 74). This is particularly helpful when interacting with a persistent result set table 44. The driver manager 38 can track location in the result set table 44 by logging such information in the log 48. Such location information can then be made available during recovery to return the pre-crash location in the table.
The driver manager 38 passes the modified request to the drivers 36 (step 76 in
The driver manager 38 intercepts the responses before they get to the application (step 82). The driver manager 38 may modify the responses so that the application is unaware of the changes made to the original request (step 84). For instance, the application may be unaware that it is interacting with a persistent result set table 44 stored in stable database 28 at the server. The driver manager also checks for errors in an effort to detect failures. The driver manager 38 then passes the response onto the application (step 86).
When a crash is detected, the driver manager 38 requests a new session and the drivers 36 create a post-crash database session with an appropriate volatile state (step 88). They do this by establishing a private database connection and pinging the server for recovery. Once the server is found, the driver manager 38 reconnects the virtual session with the new post-crash session (step 90). This involves reconnecting the session to any persistent tables that were established prior to the crash. After the client application has successfully terminated, the manager 38 cleans up all persistent structures on the database server that were created to store database session state, dropping all tables and stored procedures.
The recovery is transparent to the application 40. When the application interrogates its virtual connection, it only sees the activity on the connection to which its virtual connection is mapped, not the activity on any private connection used by the driver manager layer 38. The mapped connection activity mimics the application's use of a normal ODBC connection.
Exemplary Computer
Computer 100 includes a processing unit 102, a system memory 104, and a bus 106 that couples various system components including the system memory 104 to the processing unit 102. The bus 106 represents one or more of any of several types of bus structures, including a memory bus or memory controller, a peripheral bus, an accelerated graphics port, and a processor or local bus using any of a variety of bus architectures. The system memory 104 includes read only memory (ROM) 108 and random access memory (RAM) 110. A basic input/output system 112 (BIOS) is stored in ROM 108.
Computer 100 also has one or more of the following drives: a hard disk drive 114 for reading from and writing to a hard disk, a magnetic disk drive 116 for reading from or writing to a removable magnetic disk 118, and an optical disk drive 120 for reading from or writing to a removable optical disk 122 such as a CD ROM or other optical media. The hard disk drive 114, magnetic disk drive 116, and optical disk drive 120 are connected to the bus 106 by a hard disk drive interface 124, a magnetic disk drive interface 126, and an optical drive interface 128, respectively. The drives and their associated computer-readable media provide nonvolatile storage of computer readable instructions, data structures, program modules and other data for the personal computer. Although a hard disk, a removable magnetic disk and a removable optical disk are described, other types of computer readable media can be used to store data, such as flash memory cards, digital video disks, random access memories (RAMs), read only memories (ROM), and the like.
A number of program modules may be stored on the hard disk, magnetic disk, optical disk, ROM, or RAM. These programs include an operating system 130, one or more application programs 132, other program modules 134, and program data 136. As an example, the database driver 36, driver manager 38 and database application 40 are included as the programs 132 and program modules 134.
A user may enter commands and information into the personal computer 100 through input devices such as keyboard 138 and pointing device 140. Other input devices (not shown) may include a microphone, joystick, game pad, satellite dish, scanner, or the like. These and other input devices are often connected to the processing unit 102 through a serial port interface 142 that is coupled to the bus 106, but may be connected by other interfaces, such as a parallel port, game port, or a universal serial bus (USB).
A monitor 144 or other type of display device is connected to the bus 106 via an interface, such as a video adapter 146. In addition to the monitor, personal computers typically include other peripheral output devices (not shown) such as speakers and printers.
The server computer 100 is connected to the network 26 through a network interface or adapter 150, a modem 152, or other means for establishing communications over the network. The modem 152, which may be internal or external, is connected to the bus 106 via the serial port interface 142.
Exemplary ODBC/SQL Implementation
A specific implementation of the client-server system 20 will now be described with reference to the software architecture shown in
ODBC enables any application to access any database that supports this standard by using a standard collection of call points. Included in the standard interface are the following:
Vendors support ODBC by providing drivers that are specifically designed for their particular database system. The ODBC driver's application interface adheres to the ODBC standard. All ODBC drivers support the same call points, regardless of what database engine is on the back end.
The ODBC driver interaction with the database system is customized to the specific database engine. This interaction requires use of proprietary communication protocols, SQL language message formats, and result set representations. Using ODBC, applications need not be customized to or even aware of the proprietary aspects of accessing the data they are using. The driver makes any necessary translations in sending SQL statements to the database system and presents the results back to the application in a standard way, including standard return codes.
According to aspects of this invention, the driver manager 38 is configured to intercept application requests going to the database and responses returned from the server. Like a conventional driver manager, the driver manager 38 is designed to wrap call points of the ODBC drivers 36. But, unlike a conventional driver manager, it creates a surrogate for each function in the ODBC API that intercepts the client application ODBC request on its way to the ODBC driver. Actions that the driver manager 38 takes to analyze the application request and provide for the persistence of volatile session state are performed in the surrogate, prior to passing the application request on to the native driver 36. This approach to providing server database sessions that survive server crashes is completely transparent to other system components. It requires no changes to native ODBC drivers 36, client application programs 40, or SQL database systems 34.
To illustrate the difference between a conventional ODBC session and one that is enhanced by the driver manager, the following discussion presents to different scenarios. The first scenario is a conventional ODBC session without the driver wrapper layer 38. The second scenario is a persistent ODBC session achieved by inclusion of the driver wrapper layer 38.
Exemplary Session without Driver Wrapper Layer 38
A conventional ODBC database session for a SQL server is described with reference to
Consider a database session involving a data analysis query, similar to those in the TPC-D benchmark. This query involves three database tables: a master customer table 42(1), a detail orders table 42(2), and an invoice table 42(3). The task is to extract appropriate records for a customer with the last name "Smith" from the customer table, find that customer's current orders from the detail orders table, and aggregate the order totals into an invoice table. This client application might be coded as follows.
At step 200 in
At step 206 in
The client application issues fetch commands to retrieve all matching order records in the orders table 42(2) that match this customer ID (step 212). The client application calculates an aggregate of the order records associated with the customer ID (step 214). It then submits an ODBC function containing a SQL statement to update the invoice table 42(3) with the calculated aggregate (step 216). In response, the database server updates the invoice table 42(3)(step 218). Following the update, the ODBC driver 36 issues an ODBC function call to close the connection to the database, terminating the ODBC session (step 220).
Unfortunately, the conventional ODBC standard leaves undefined what behavior the client application can expect should the database server to which it has a connection fail. The effects of a server failure might involve:
Exemplary Session with Driver Wrapper Layer 38
Now, consider the client-server architecture 30 of
An initial step towards providing ODBC persistent database sessions is to decompose session state into separate elements, each of which can be managed as a distinct data object. These elements of session state have different lifetimes and recovery requirements. Session state elements include:
While there are subtleties to each element of an applications ODBC state, result sets are particularly challenging. Accordingly, an aspect of this invention is to configure the driver manager 38 to render result sets persistent and ensure their seamless delivery to a client application. A SQL statement result is made persistent by being stored as a persistent SQL table 44 in the database 28. Seamless delivery is ensured by re-accessing this table after a failure and reestablishing the place where the pre-crash delivery was interrupted.
At step 250 in
The driver manager 38 intercepts the application request (step 254 in
To minimize expensive network traffic between the server and client, the table description metadata is acquired with a single round trip to the server with minimum data transfer and minimum server impact. One way to modify the query is for the driver manager 38 to append the clause "WHERE 0=1" to the original SQL statement, essentially rewriting the statement. At step 260 in
At step 264 in
At step 270 in
What is materialized depends on both the original SQL statement and on how the application requests the results set from the server. With ODBC, the "how" is determined by the statement options specified prior to executing a SELECT. When ODBC default values are used as the options, for example, the database server 24 sends the result set in the most efficient way possible. The server assumes that the application will fetch all the rows from the result set promptly. Therefore, the database server sends all rows from the result set and the client application buffers any rows that are not used immediately but may be needed later. This is referred to as a "default result set".
To materialize a default result set, the driver manager creates the following stored procedure, using ANSI-standard SQL:
The advantage of using a stored procedure is that all data is moved locally at the server, not sent first to the client. It involves a single round-trip message from client to server, rather than having data moving across the network. Moreover, the action is itself an atomic SQL statement.
At step 276 in
As the database application program 40 makes requests on the result table 44(1), the driver manager tracks the current location in the persistent result set 44(1) by logging location information in the stable log 48 in client cache 46. Should a failure occur, subsequent database recovery ensures the result set exists after the failure. The driver manager 38 resumes access to the result set at the remembered location of the last access before the database system failure.
Use of Persistent Cursors to Return Results
The above example used default result sets as a way to return results. It is noted that the SQL language permits results to be returned in ways other than by default result sets. An application can control delivery of results at a much finer granularity by exploiting cursors. Two cursor forms are keyset cursors and dynamic cursors.
An application's SQL query may return no rows, a few rows, or millions of rows. Since the user rarely wants to see millions of rows, fetching and buffering millions of rows is usually a waste of time and resources. Server cursors, such as keyset and dynamic cursors, allow an application to fetch results a block of rows at a time from an arbitrarily large result set. The application is permitted to "navigate" through the result set via a server cursor. A server cursor allows the application to fetch any other block of rows, including the next n rows, the previous n rows, or n rows starting at a certain row number. The server fills each block fetch request only as needed. Some server cursors also allow an application to update or delete fetched rows. If the row data changes between the time the SQL cursor definition statement is executed and the time the row is fetched by the application, the updated row data is returned. These features of server cursors present unique challenges for the driver manager.
A keyset cursor captures the set of rows that satisfy a query at the time the cursor is opened and it permits those rows to be accessed and updated. If a keyset cursor is requested, the driver manager 38 materializes only keys of the result set rows in the persistent database table 44. When the application attempts to fetch a row from the result set, the driver manager reads the record key from the result row and SELECTs the record from the database server using this key. If the row data has been changed or the record itself has been deleted, the updated row data is returned. In this manner, the architecture transparently supports keyset cursor, but now the cursor persists across failures.
A dynamic cursor specifies a logical predicate (the WHERE clause) that defines the rows of interest. The set of rows fetched changes dynamically as rows are inserted and deleted. If a dynamic cursor is requested, the driver manager 38 materializes the keys of the result set rows in a persistent database table, exactly as it did for keyset cursors. Now, however, when the next row is fetched, it is not necessarily the row with the next key as an insertion may have occurred. Thus, a fetch causes the driver manager 38 to use the last record key seen by the application and the next record key from the table to SELECT a range of rows from the database server. If records have been inserted into this range, the driver manager fetches them and presents the appropriate row to the application. Again, the architecture transparently supports dynamic cursors, but now the cursors persist across failures.
Server and Session Crash Recovery
At step 300, the driver manager 38 detects a failure. Database server failures are detected by (i) intercepting communications errors raised by the drivers 36 or (ii) timing out application requests. Once a potential problem is detected, the driver manager 38 re-contacts the server using a private database connection to "ping" the server and periodically attempts to reconnect to the database (step 302). If after a period of time the driver manager is unable to connect to the server (i.e., the "no" branch from step 304), it assumes the database system crashed and passes the communication error on to the application (step 306).
If reconnection is successful (i.e., the "yes" branch from step 304), the driver manager 38 determines if the database system actually crashed or whether there is simply a communication failure or delay (step 308). This step attempts to discover whether the database session still exists or has been erased by a crash. There is no explicit test for this. Thus, the driver manager may test, for example, whether a special temporary table of the session exists as a proxy for whether the session still exists. Temporary tables exist only within a session and are deleted when a session terminates for any reason.
Assuming the proxy test reveals a server crash (e.g., the temporary table does not exist), the second phase of the process is to transparently reconnect the client application to the database server 24 and re-associate saved information with these new database connections. At step 310, the driver manager 38 reinstalls each client connection to the database system using the original connection request and login information. The manager 38 then issues a series of calls to the database server in order to reinstall application specified ODBC connection options (step 312). Once complete, the driver manager 38 binds these new connections to the virtual database session (step 314).
In the third phase, the driver manager 38 reinstalls SQL state. At step 316, the manager 38 verifies that all application state materialized in tables on the persistent database 28 was recovered by the database recovery mechanisms. It then identifies the application's last completed request for each database connection using the log 48 in the stable cache 46 (step 318). The manager 38 asks the server to re-send the result set from the persistent result set table 44 (if necessary) (step 320). Once this step is complete, the driver manager 38 resumes normal processing of application requests (step 322). This creation of the new database session is masked from the application, giving the illusion of a single persistent database session.
No special treatment is required to handle a failure that occurs during session recovery. Since the database session recovery phase consists of reestablishing a connection to the recovered database server and executing idempotent operations to reinstall session state, the driver manager 38 can safely execute the recovery phase again to recover from failure.
Any active transactions on the database server are aborted during failure and are restarted by the client application. Transaction failure is a normal event that most applications are already capable of handling. The driver manager 38 aborts transactions interrupted by a system failure and permits the application to proceed as it would for other forms of transaction aborts.
When the database server commits a transaction and then fails before it can send a response to the client, that message will be lost to the client. The driver manager 38 prevents lost messages by including the transaction reply buffers in its persistent session context. The database server writes both the commit record and reply buffer to a persistent database table before committing the transaction and replying to the client. On database recovery, the driver manager 38 will deliver the reply buffer to the client, thus avoiding the lost message.
Although the invention has been described in language specific to structural features and/or methodological steps, it is to be understood that the invention defined in the appended claims is not necessarily limited to the specific features or steps described. Rather, the specific features and steps are disclosed as preferred forms of implementing the claimed invention.
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|U.S. Classification
|1/1, 707/999.01, 707/999.101, 707/999.102
|International Classification
|Cooperative Classification
|European Classification
|Sep 20, 2011
|Fee payment
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|Dec 9, 2014
Owner name: MICROSOFT TECHNOLOGY LICENSING, LLC, WASHINGTON
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|Nov 25, 2015
|Fee payment
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This is a superb first novel from an author known for his unusual, oneiric short stories. The setting is Europe in the late '80s, right before the fall of the Berlin Wall. The form is of two -- or perhaps three -- parallel tales about men who are spirit twins. The mood is that of existential anomie. The horror appears in such themes as genital mutilation, identity splitting, paranoia, ambiguously real/unreal nightmares and the birth of a monstrous child. Elegantly written and profoundly disturbing.
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subset: commoncrawl


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LondonUnited Kingdom
April 29, 2008
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Tuesday, July 2, 2013
Happy Fourth of July! Odell will celebrate with its annual parade through downtown, beginning and ending at Mid Valley Elementary. Those participating are asked to line up at Mid Valley at 3:30 p.m. For those watching, the parade will begin at 4 p.m.
The Hood River County Fair is right around the corner, and it's time to get your projects ready for entry, says Fair Manager Clara Rice. Exhibits will be taken July 22 from 11 a.m. to 7 p.m. and July 23 from 8 a.m. to 10:30 a.m. The fair will run from noon on July 24 through the evening of July 27.
Discounted ride coupons are available at the fair office until opening day. Save $5 by purchasing tickets early.
The Odell Garden Club's next regular meeting will be July 9 at 10 a.m. in the Community Building at the fairgrounds. The club will work on the Hood River County Fair Flower Show details, and members will be bringing designs for critique "to prepare ideas and helpful hints about designs," says club president Norma Curtis.
The public is invited to attend the meeting, as well as encouraged to enter horticulture and designs at this year's fair. Check the fair book for classification details.
It's been a while since we've heard from the Ruby Ragazza chapter of the Red Hat Society, but the ladies are still going strong. They are hosting a Patriotic Tea at the Oregon Veterans' Home in The Dalles July 12 beginning at 2 p.m. The annual event honors veterans and their spouses.
Bored kids? Don't forget the reading programs going on now at both Mid Valley and Wy'east. Mid Valley students and their families are invited to the school library every Monday and Tuesday through Aug. 6, from 6-7:30 p.m. Students earn prizes for reading and are able to check out books from the school's library.
At Wy'east, the next "reading check-in" will be held July 22 at Mid Valley. Completed bookmark summaries can be turned in for prizes.
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Nesting Tables
This great set is made from clear acrylic and saves space by all fitting / nesting into each other.
Each time you place your glass of ice tea down on one of these stackable square nesting tables you will be reminded of its strikin...g yet modern elegance that can accompany a wide variety of decor. Made of stainless steel and walnut MDF top, the nesting tables set will sure be functional in your day to day life. read more
With simple, but timeless, sled legs and a box shape, these stylish tables are an attractive focal point to your living space. Mad...e from veneer and complete with a lacquered finish, the natural grain of the wood stands out against your interior decor.... read more
The Gaffney nesting tables by Hip Vintage feature elegant gold finished legs and clear glass table tops. This set of two accent ta...bles will complement your classic style or place it in your eclectic living room for a splash of metallic color. These... read more
Store frames, vases, and decorative items with ease when adding this set of two nesting tables to your home. The rectangular-shape...d tables boast a metal construction for added durability. Admire the contemporary style of this set of accent tables that... read more
Curved leg design in a warm brown finish, this 3pc nesting table set features gold painted accents and carvings.
This lovley three piece nesting table is crafted of quality oak for a quality look. The slatted design adds the perfect touch. Dis...tressed oak solides and veneersSet includes: One (1) 3-piece stackable table setMaterials: OakFinish: Rustic... read more
This set of three round tables nest together when not in use making them ideal space-savers. Constructed of heavy, dense and durab...le China Maple, these tables boast a modern espresso finish. Set includes three (3) nesting round tables Materials: China... read more
Beautifully crafted of kiln-dried rosewood, these antique black tables feature careful construction. This lovely set of three func...tional tables is crafted by hand in China. Product Features: Set of three tables Colors: Antique black Materials: Kiln... read more
With its dark taupe reclaimed wood-look tops, this 2 piece plant stand set gives an exceptional look to any room. Its original cri...sscross chromed metal base provides sturdy support as well as a contemporary look. Use this multi- functional set to place your favorite plant, or decorative piece. This set will be a sure eye catcher!. read more
An Asian finish on the classic nesting table look, these three solid pieces are handcrafted from solid elm wood. Stacks into each ...other to save space, these wonderful items are both practical and wonderful for designing your home. Great for vases, bouquets, candles, they will really make your home stand out! read more
Add a touch of exotic style to your living room with the Bali Breeze nesting tables. The set of two side tables are two different ...size and can easily be stored together. Constructed of plywood with woven banana leaves and solid wood legs. Available in three different finishes - gold, beige or silver. Enhance your contemporary and eclectic home with the rich details of this exquisite piece. The attractive weave and simple shape will add unique texture to your living space. Type: Nesting Tables Product Features: Includes Hardware Material: Rush Grass, Wood Style: Casual, Bohemian, Nautical Assembly: Assembled Exact Color: Natural, Gold, Silver Finish: Rubbed, Natural Finish Color: Gold, Beige, Silver Grey Dimensions: 15.75 inch high x 20 inch wide x 15 inch deep Color: Silver. read more
These petite Safavieh American Home Collection Ryde Antiqued White and Dark Brown Nesting Tables are sure to make a big splash at ...your next party. Use them as extra table space for your guests or simply rest refreshments on top of them. The tables easily stack back together to create that compact look you fell in love with. Crafted from solid fir wood and finished in distressed white. No assembly required, the larger table measures 20-Inch wide by 20-Inch deep by 35-Inch high and the smaller table measures 12-Inch wide by 12-Inch deep by 28-Inch high. read more
Mango wood pairs with rustic blackened iron on these nesting tables, bringing elevated style to an entertaining essential. Get thr...ee tables in one. Crafted from reclaimed wood, these nesting side tables have an authentic character rarely found in... read more
Update the look of your living room with these beautiful brown and white nesting tables. Crafted from wood, these tables work seam...lessly together or individually for a versatile addition to any space. Details: Set includes 2 tables Wood Brown and white finish Small table measures 14 inches x 14 inches x 22 inches high Large table measures 18 inches x 18 inches x 24 inches high Color: Brown. read more
Add a touch of exotic style to your living room with the Bali Breeze nesting tables. The set of two side tables are two different ...size and can easily be stored together. Constructed of plywood with woven banana leaves and solid wood legs. Available in three different finishes - gold, beige or silver. Enhance your contemporary and eclectic home with the rich details of this exquisite piece. The attractive weave and simple shape will add unique texture to your living space. Type: Nesting Tables Product Features: Includes Hardware Material: Rush Grass, Wood Style: Casual, Bohemian, Nautical Assembly: Assembled Exact Color: Natural, Gold, Silver Finish: Rubbed, Natural Finish Color: Gold, Beige, Silver Grey Dimensions: 15.75 inch high x 20 inch wide x 15 inch deep Color: Beige. read more
This is a stunning mix of materials that brings in sophistication and a natural touch! This table has been handcrafted using recla...imed Teakwood, repurposed glass fragments and polished Aluminium. Have some fun and add this to your living room. Material: Teakwood, Glass and Metal Color: Green Dimensions: 14 inches wide x 9 inches long x 17 inches deep Type: Side Tables, Coffee Tables Product Features: Eco-Friendly Material: Wood Style: Transitional, Casual, Contemporary Assembly: Assembled Exact Color: Green Finish: Green Finish Color: Green Color: Green. read more
A conversation piece with upscale ambiance, this beautifully crafted nesting accent tables were designed to lend style to any spac...e. read more
These modern nesting tables easily take the spotlight and for good reason. Not only are they versatile and multifunctional, but th...ey are also stylishly topped with black bonded leather, which is easy to wipe clean. Running along each edge of the leather tabletop is a single line of contrasting stitching in a tan color. The frames of the contemporary tables are hardy steel and built to last. The svelte base is topped and finished with high-shine chrome, and each table is sized just right to fit underneath the next with minimal empty space remaining. Opaque plastic non-marking feet are included. Large table: 17-3/4 by 17-3/4 by 22 inches. Medium table: 16-1/4 by 17-3/4 by 20-1/4 inches. Small table: 15 by 17-3/4 by 18-1/4 inches. read more
Sleek Black finished top pairs with silver metal on these nesting tables, bringing elevated style to an entertaining essential. Sc...atter them around the room to hold drinks and hors d'oeuvres, or arrange them in a stepped pattern to create a striking showcase for display. read more
Cherry finish nesting tables with burl inlayed top and scalloped bun feet.
Three tables stylishly fit together in this trend-setting nesting table set, featuring a unique modern yet rustic design. Hand-cra...fted in India, these artisan-made tables feature a chic reclaimed wood and iron construction. Set includes: Three (3)... read more
The nested set of three tables with nautical icons is perfect for the coastal enthusiast in your home. The large table is navy wit...h a white lighthouse icon, the medium table is red with a white starfish icon and the small table is white with a ship's... read more
Add a pop of color to your space with this set of nesting tables. This set of tables feature a simple round shape and bright gloss...y orange lacquer finish. Made of high quality wood, these tables are both durable and stylish. The first table measures 20... read more
Keep your decor fresh and unique with these Mindoro nesting tables. This table set features a collapsible round table that nests w...ithin the larger square table for easy storage. The larger table features weaved detailing, while the smaller table is... read more
2 Piece Nesting Table Set
This nesting table set is space saving and has a simple and traditional good look. Each table has a rounded rectangular top and ta...pered legs. It is great to use them together in display setting or use them individually around the house.Type: Accent... read more
The Hatfield end table is a simple yet elegant design that can add that stylish and modern flair to your living area. This end tab...le is made with a chrome frame with a 20" round glass top. read more
This set of three tier nesting accent tables will serve a multiple of uses. Each top is a rich oak veneer in a distinctive brown c...herry finish while the sleek metal legs are pewter with silver highlights. The trio nestles together for easy storage. read more
Alta Contemporary Nesting Tables offer a sleek, space-saving solution for adding surface area to your living room. These nesting e...nd tables have lustrous chrome legs and black glass tops for a modern city look. The two smaller tempered glass-top side tables can be placed under the large one when not in use, or the tables can be used independently throughout the home. The legs easily screw into the chrome connection points, and all 3 can be assembled in under 2 minutes. read more
Dress up your home with this distressed antique white wine storage chest. Hold up to 18 bottles and extra storage within the drawe...rs above. Entertain your guests with this fabulous wine chest. read more
Enhance the beauty of your home with the Expresso two-piece nesting table set by Office Star. Finished in a deep espresso shade, t...hese lovely tables offer a welcoming sleek look that's ideal for any contemporary or classic decor. Use these charming tables in a guest room or your living room to showcase your favorite vase or pottery. Constructed with a solid hardwood frame and extra bracing on the legs for added support, these elegant tables offer a durable build. With varying heights, you can tuck away the smaller table with ease to create more space when you need it. Add a touch of sophistication to your home or office with an Office Star Manhattan table set Two-piece set features a rich espresso finish for a chic look Nesting tables can be put together to save space Offers a solid and durable hardwood construction Features solid post legs with bracing for extra stability Large table measures 21 inches high x 20 inches wide x 16 inches deep Small table measures 17.25 inches high x 15.5 inches wide x 14.25 inches deep Assembly required Color: Espresso. read more
Add contemporary, versatile design to your home decor with a set of acrylic nesting end tables Living room furniture set includes ...three tables in graduating sizes Coffee tables are made of 100-percent acrylic Smooth, clear design Tables can be stored together or used separately Large table measures 15.6 inches high x 16 inches wide x 13 inches deep Medium table measures 13.8 inches high x 14.5 inches wide x 13 inches deep Small table measures 11.6 inches high x 13 inches wide x 13.5 inches deep Color: Black. read more
The contemporary, versatile design of this set of three Acrylic Nesting Coffee Tables is sure to impress in your home or office.Th...is set of nesting tables is made of high-quality acrylic, making it sturdy for optimum functionality and durability. The design on the tables make them a perfect fit with any interior design, and the varying sizes make them easier to place and arrange in different locations. Elegant and classy, this is a good set for your living room. Put this modern, flexible set of nesting tables from Baxton Studio to use in your home. As stylish as they are functional, these acrylic tables graduate in size and can be efficiently stored together or used separately as side tables throughout a room. They're ideal for when you have guests and need additional tables for snacks or drinks. Set includes three tables of graduating sizes Made of 100-percent acrylic Smooth, clear design functions in any decor Tables can be stored together or used separately Thickness of the acrylic is 3/16 inches Dimensions: Large: 16 inches high x 16 inches wide x 13 inches deep Medium: 14 inches high x 14.5 inches wide x 13 inches deep Small: 12 inches high x 13.5 inches wide x 13 inches deep Color: Clear. read more
Enhance your modern decor theme with this two-piece nesting table set. Showcasing glass sides and glossy white tabletops, this cub...e-shaped table set makes a sleek addition to your living room. The tables fit together to create a multi-level table system, or they can be used separately to accent a sofa and armchair. Place this table set next to your bed to create a unique nightstand. Thick tempered glass sides create a sturdy base for each table, and the wood tabletops provides added strength to each piece. With a glossy veneer, these tables are easy to care for. Set includes two modern nesting tables Crafted from MDF wood, veneers and tempered glass for strength and style Glossy white finish accents the clear glass sides Large table dimensions measure 20"H x 20"W x 20"D Small table dimensions measure 16"H x 16"W x 16"D Assembly Required. Color: White. read more
Vintage all the way. Authentic details make the Traveler's Striped Nesting Table Pair an eye-catching tabletop storage solution. C...overed in linen canvas, the two Traveler's Stripe nesting tables are finished with a bright red racing stripe, faux leather corners, top stitching, and brass tone nailhead trim. A perfect accent for your living room, office, or library. Cocktails anyone?#Set of two Small 14.2'L x13'D x14.5'H Large 21.5'Lx13'Dx20H Shape: Square Type: Accent Tables, Nesting Tables, End Tables Style: Casual, Vintage Material: Fabric, Canvas, Wood Assembly: Assembled Finish: Tan Finish Color: Tan Color: Tan. read more
Elegantly designed 2-piece nesting table set will add to your home decor Living room furniture features a solid beech wood dark br...own frame with a light brown tug solid wood top Annie black oak tables are highly versatile Larger table measures 15 inches long x 23 inches wide x 26 inches high Smaller table measures 12 inches long x 18 inches wide x 23 inches high Model number AMH4005A Assembly Required Color: Black. read more
Safavieh Annie Pair of Nesting Tables These nesting tables are perfect for small spaces. Unstack them for special occasions and in...stantly add extra table space and seating for your guests. The pair can be easily stacked back together to give it a wonderful and compact look. What You Get 2 tables Safavieh Annie Pair of Nesting Tables Features Black with light brown top Specs Measurements: Approx. 23W x 25-5/8H w 15 Deep Maximum Weight Capacity: 250 lbs. Assembly: No Country of Origin: China Content & Care Material Composition: Solid birchwood read more
Combining contemporary and natural themes, this set of three tables feature natural tops and is perfect for any living space. Chro...me Plated Easy to store Easy to coordinate Set of 3 Set includes: Three (3) Deandre Nesting Table (Set of 3) Weighs: 18... read more
The Pix nesting table rocks a curved triangular tempered glass top over a matching tempered glass base making it a statement piece... that is sure to be heard. These tables are constructed of glass and steel. read more
IMX12431 Features Shape: Rectangle Design: Nesting tables Style: Contemporary Top Finish: Matte Gold Base Type: Trestle Dimensions... Overall Product Weight: 29.94 lbs read more
These petite Lynne Nesting tables are sure to make a big splash at your next party. Use them as extra table space for your guests ...or simply rest refreshments on top of them. The tables easily stack back together to create that compact look you fell in love with. Crafted from solid fir wood and finished in distressed white. No assembly required. read more
The nesting tables can be used separately as an end table and a coffee table or they can be nested together. Available in 2 sizes,... sold separately Dimensions: 17 inches high x 21.5 inches wide x 19 inches deep Type: Nesting Tables Material: Chrome, MDF... read more
Made of real mahogany wood, this table can be used as an end table, occasional table, or a lamp table. It can fit into any rooms. ...Coming in two (2) pieces, this table provides good spaces for displaying favorite things or collections. This furniture is... read more
When it comes to entertaining, Egan stacking tables are a smart decorating solution. Crafted of wood in contrasting white lacquer ...and grained dark brown finishes, this table within a table set is brimming with clean-lined contemporary style. read more
A conversation piece with upscale ambiance, this beautifully crafted round nesting tables were designed to lend style to any space.... read more
The Bayer Nesting Table set consists of four solid wood tables that support four different colors of glass table tops-compact, con...venient and colorful. read more
Wooden nesting tables, set of 3, black finish. Largest size: 22" X 14" X 18". Can be used as a cascading piece or use individually... throughout your house. Semi gloss finish. Rational style. read more
Michael Amini travels the world collecting objects and ideas. Discoveries Accents by Michael Amini is a unique selection of fine a...ccent furniture designed to enhance the look of any room. read more
Michael Amini travels the world collecting objects and ideas. Discoveries Accents by Michael Amini is a unique selection of fine a...ccent furniture designed to enhance the look of any room. read more


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The U.S. Coast Guard bulletin regarding compliance with the International Maritime Organization's verified gross mass requirement "seems to allow for more flexibility," says Federal Maritime Commission Chairman Mario Cordero.
Recently purchased APL parent Neptune Orient Lines couldn't cut costs fast enough to compete in an increasingly commoditized market, chief executive Ng Yat Chung said in a surprisingly candid interview with Singapore's Straits Times.
The accumulation of high value cargo will increase as bigger ships gather for passage through the newly expanded Central American waterway, increasing insurance risk, according to a new report from Allianz Global Corporate & Specialty.
World Shipping Council President John Butler said existing regulations are adequate to manage economic competition and air pollution.
Consolidation in the ocean shipping industry is causing drastic changes to the current carrier vessel sharing agreements, but how will it all play out? American Shipper CEO Hayes Howard discusses some of the possible alliance scenarios.
The 4,650-TEU Safmarine Meru, the first ship on the 2M Alliance's new TP18/Lone Star Express service, had only 400 containers on board, while the other ship, the Northern Jasper, was off-hire, according to Maersk Line officials.
The Honolulu-based liner carrier will launch its South Pacific Express service in August, which will transport U.S. West Coast cargo transshipped at Honolulu to Samoa, American Samoa, Tonga and Fiji.
The French ocean carrier said it intends to have Singapore's Neptune Orient Lines delisted from the Main Board of the Singapore Exchange as it pushes forward to acquire all of the shipping company's shares.
A new port navigation system consisting of 12 off-shore buoys and two land-based range markers, will allow for night time operations at the Liberian port for the first time in three decades, APM Terminals said in a statement.


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And it ain't no lie, baby...bye bye bye...
Ran with, or rather behind, a very fast group today. I plan on going back on Fridays and getting my butt handed to me. I need runs like this to get stronger and each week I'll aim to stay ... read more
Ran with, or rather behind, a very fast group today. I plan on going back on Fridays and getting my butt handed to me. I need runs like this to get stronger and each week I'll aim to stay with them more than one mile. #droppedmelikeabagofdirt
Not very fast, but it's just SO hot and humid. Trying to be kind to myself during these summer months.
Fun short course workout. We got to practice diving off the blocks.
Long course with Master's. Was a tough workout that included 4 x 300 w/paddles. Ouch!
3 miles of running, 1 mile walking.
A big bag of turds.
Great swim this morning with Master's. Did half advanced lane workout/half intermediate lane workout. Feeling much stronger in the water lately.
Quick pre-master's coaching workout.
Strength training at TSA
2 miles @ 9:15, 2 @ 8:34, 2 @ 7:47. Did this on the treadmill so I could hit the pace. Happy with this.
No watch, no worries.
My night trail race report! http://www.discombobulatedrunning.com/2016/06/moon-croom-7-mile-night-trail-race/
Night trail race. Started at 8 PM and got dark by mile 4. Had to go pretty slow as there was more climbing than I expected and lots and lots of roots. Was super fun though!
Did a Solidarity Swim for Orlando.
Got moved up to a faster lane by mistake (I just didn't want to swim in the more crowded one) and it was A-Ok. YAY! Go me.
Well, it's officially treadmill season. My HR was in the tempo zone while my pace was aerobic. Florida summer....sigh.
Needed to get something in but was still feeling like death so we walked.
This was an epic fail. Didn't feel well so I called it.
Easy swim while coaching an athlete


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Scientific Misconduct Is Jeopardizing the Quality...
Diseases of the Eye That Cause...
Peptide Drugs Are Not Only Diverse...
Widespread Adoption of Biomarkers Has Been...
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Homeless Sims
UK game design student has created a family of homeless Sims in the game The Sims 3. The father is insane and hates children. The daughter is a kindhearted loser, they live in what amounts to an overgrown park. These are Alice and Kev, and this is the blog of their experiences.
A very cool and depressing experiment in games.
This post was created by a user and has not been vetted or endorsed by BuzzFeed's editorial staff. BuzzFeed Community is a place where anyone can post awesome lists and creations. Learn more or post your buzz!
- UK voters sent a massive shock through the world, overturning 40 years of British EU membership.
- EU leaders gathered for talks and agreed they want Britain to leave "as soon as possible."
- Scottish leader Nicola Sturgeon says a second independence referendum for Scotland is "highly likely."
- Prime Minister David Cameron says he will resign by October.
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Friday, 1 July 2016
Last updated 1 hour ago
Apr 4 2007 | 11:40am ET
The bad news is that the MSCI Hedge Invest index suffered its first down month in nine in March, falling by 0.15%. The good news is, that's the smallest movement one way or the other since May 2005, and leaves the index up 1.93% year-to-date, still far ahead of the Standard & Poor's 500, which rebounded into positive territory (up 0.64% YTD) this month with a 1.12% return.
Four of MSCI's strategy indices joined the overall index in the red last month. Systematic trading suffered another damaging month, falling 1.45% in March after shedding 2.39%—and wiping out its entire January gain—in February. It is the only strategy in negative territory for the year.
On the other side, equity non-directional funds enjoyed the strongest month of the eight subindices, rising 0.82% on the month (2.48% YTD). Variable bias (up 0.27% in March, 2.66% YTD), fixed-income (0.23%, 2.20% YTD) and long-bias (0.15%, 2.61%) funds also enjoyed a positive month.
Event-driven was essentially flat (down just 3 basis points) in March, but it is still the top-performing strategy in 2007, with a year-to-date return of 5.26%.
Jun 16 2016 | 4:19pm ET
Jun 21 2016 | 9:01pm ET
Contrary to concerns that Wall Street isn't as appealing to new graduates as it...
Jun 17 2016 | 1:05pm ET
Over the past year, a large portion of the financial services industry has awakened...


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Lyrics Depot is your source of lyrics to One Shot At Glory by Judas Priest. Please check back for more Judas Priest lyrics.
One Shot At Glory Lyrics
Artist: Judas Priest
Album: Painkiller
Let me hear the battle cry
Calling on the wind
Let me see the banners fly
Before the storm begins
Let me feel the spirits soar
Destroy the enemy
Striking at the evil core
For all the world to see
This day will last forever
Deep in the hearts of men
Courage and victory
Remember, remember
One Shot At Glory
In the crossfire overhead
Fate stands before me
Words have all been said
One Shot At Glory
Driving hard and seeing red
Destiny calls me
One night of fire
One Shot At Glory
Fighting on with dignity
In life and death we deal
The power and the majesty
Amidst the blood and steel
I still hear the battle cry
The call goes on and on
I still see the banners fly
The battle's always won
Judas Priest Lyrics
Judas Priest Painkiller Lyrics
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Judas Priest - United Lyrics
Judas Priest - You Don't Have To Be Old To Be Wise Lyrics