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|Abnormal papsmear and cervical cancer. I am soooooooooo scared
May 26, 2002
Hello. I am a very scared woman, and I hope you can help me. Last November I met a man and we engaged in oral sex both ways, but he did not ejaculate in my mouth. I thought nothing of it, but 5 weeks later I was very sick with the flu, and just recently I went to have my annual check, and for the first time I had an abnormal papsmear. I am now very frightened that I have cervical cancer due to HIV. My question is: Is an abnormal papsmear indicative of HIV infection? and is it common in HIV affected woman. I am soooo scared. Please help me.
Response from Dr. Dezube
Abnormal PAP smears are very common. PAP smears are nothing more than an early warning system that further evaluation is necessary. It was much more frightful a long time ago when there were no PAP smears and women didn't find out about cervical changes until it was too late. Cervical disease is most often due to infection by the human papillomavirus (HPV). Abnormal PAP smears come in many different varieties. Depending upon what the abnormality is, the next step could be repeat PAP testing in a specified period of time; HPV testing to determine what strains of HPV you may be infected with (some strains are more worrisome than others); or colposcopy, a procedure by which a health care provider looks more closely at the cells in your cervix. Although cervical disease is more common in HIV-infected women, than non-HIV infected women, an abnormal PAP smear does NOT necessarily mean that you have HIV infection. That said, I do believe that you should be HIV tested. Knowledge is power. It pays to know since you may get different treatments and follow-up schedules based on whether or not you are HIV positive.
Could I have lymphoma? I feel like I'm dying.
15 months swollen nodes, can this be something other than cancer or hiv?
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text:
LG announces smartphone-controlled LED light bulb
March 24, 2014 - 17:20 AMT
PanARMENIAN.Net - LG has announced its latest household lighting concept – an LED light bulb that can be controlled using a smartphone and blinks when the user gets a phone call, according to The Telegraph.
The Smart Bulb can connect to an Android or iOS smartphone via either WiFi or Bluetooth, and will last for over a decade if switched on for an average of five hours per day. This represents an 80 per cent energy saving compared to traditional incandescent bulbs, according to LG.
The lighting system can be programmed to act as an alarm clock, getting gradually brighter from a chosen time in the morning, rather than emitting a sound. It also comes with a 'security mode', which turns the lights on for short periods while the user is away on holiday, to deter burglars.
There is also a 'party mode', which adjusts the brightness in accordance with the music emanating from the smartphone and will even blink to the beat, but his is only available for use with Android smartphones at launch.
The Smart Bulb will go on sale in LG's native South Korea in the coming days, priced at 35,000 won ($31.33). It is compatible with Android 4.3 and above, and Apple iOS 4.0 and 6.0. International launch plans are unknown.
LG's Smart Bulb will go head-to-head with the Philips 'Hue' lightbulb, which connects to broadband networks and then lets iPhone users change the colour and brightness from anywhere in the world. Philips claims that Hue uses just 20 per cent of the energy of conventional bulbs.
Light themes, called 'LightRecipes' also adjust bulbs to the optimum shade and brightness of white light to help users relax, read, concentrate or energise, according to Philips. The Hue bulbs are currently available exclusively from Apple Stores.
Photo: The Telegraph
Related links:
Top stories
The Pro line would be priced at a premium of around $150 on top of the iPhone 7 Plus line according to the rumored pricing.
Credible Japanese site Mac Otakara backs up the recent talk of a second set of speakers being added to the top of the phone.
Among the highlights is Shadowmatic, a famous Armenian tech product which was launched in January 2015 by Triada Studio.
Nokia said it will provide China Mobile with a 5G-ready base station allowing numerous radio technologies to operate at the same time.
Partner news
Latest news
Tom Hanks' "Inferno" to be digitally re-mastered for Imax release The film, starring Tom Hanks as Dr. Robert Langdon and directed by Ron Howard, will be released into Imax theatres worldwide.
Morgan Spurlock to direct Hollywood's 1st female super-agent bio Spurlock's credits include the documentaries "One Direction: This Is Us," "Where in the World Is Osama bin Laden?".
Kerry says Brexit might never happen: "There are a number of ways" Asked if this meant the Brexit decision could be "walked back" and if so how, Kerry said: "I think there are a number of ways."
Karabakh conflict carries potential for escalation, OSCE chief says "As the OSCE chairing country in 2016, Germany has the responsibility to ward off such danger as much as possible," he said.

subset: commoncrawl


text:
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Finished my second 50k and my 15th qualifying New Hampshire Compulsion race with a time of 6:53:31. A new 50k PR!
People Got No Sense
Todd Averett and I explore three assumptions to avoid (as suggested from Seth Godin):
1) People are rational
2) People are eager for change
3) That once someone knows things the way you know them, they will choose what you choose.
Special Father's Day Edition
in Podcasts
My daughters took some time to discuss their roles as leaders on two different Mindcraft servers.


text:
We decided to skip Mexico at 25 Weeks just to be safe and go to FL with our two year old. Disney world is too expensive :-( was wondering if anyone can suggest a good beach and also places around that would be fun for toddler
suggest FL vaca fun for toddler
Posted 10/07/2012
We were just in Florida a month ago. We spent most of our time at Cocoa Beach. My 6 year old absolutely loved it!! The last 2 days we were there we spent it at Siesta Key. My older brother got married there and it's absolutely gorgeous!
Last edited 10/08/2012
A few more fun things. There are also the Sponge Docks in Tarpon Springs. Lots of yummy Greek food. :) Many areas offer dolphin/sea life cruises for a few hours and there is a 'Pirate Cruise' out of Clearwater Beach.
R&D est 1998 married 2/26/00
Logan Xavier 7/96 ^MC 3/02^ Kieran Adrian 5/05 ^MC 13w3d 5/08^ Ariana Corinne 2/11 Moira Caelyn 2/13/13
Learn more
Look how far your child has come.
Review your child's growth milestones.
Read about 3 years 3 months : Week 3.
Your growing child
Your 3 1/4-year-old: Family traditions
Read up on traditions that revolve around birthdays. Read More
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No one can deny the power of television. The question is how much power you want it to have in your child's life. Read More
Your 3 1/4-year-old: Team sports
Your little one dazzles you with her strong kick and confident run. Is she ready for an organized sports team? Read More
Your 3 1/4-year-old: Reading skills
Recognizing symbols is one of the first steps in learning to read. Read More
Learn more
What's next for your growing child?
Get a glimpse of what's to come.
Read about 3 years 5 months.


text:
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Northeast Kingdom Tasting Center
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Make sure your information is up to date. Plus use our free tools to find new customers.
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Relevant offers
The faces of Nelson's future, two digitally connected children, feature in the city's newest street art work by internationally renowned artist Askew One.
Elliot O'Donnell, known as Askew One, was in Nelson this week to paint a mural as part of a prize won by Nelson supporters in the national Gigatown competition.
Askew One spent two days working on the layered mural on a wall of Morrison Square that borders Selwyn Place.
The mural is of Rex Johnston, 9, and Sofie Hobbs, 10. The children are part of Central School's group @gigacentral. The group is backing the Gigatown campaign and is making a video as part of the Gigatown schools competition. It also has its own social media Twitter account that backs Nelson's campaign.
Gigatown Nelson's Claire Aitkins said the pair were chosen as they represent the face of Nelson's future.
"What's really, really important for us is the Gigatown competition is about creating communities, real and online. We have been amazed at how the online community had grown in six months."
Both children were at an informal ceremony yesterday to mark the mural's completion.
Sofie said she loved the picture of herself. "It looks exactly like me." Her friends had not seen the image yet, but she could not wait to show them.
Getting picked for the mural was a nice boost for Sofie, who had a rough couple of weeks after an historic tree slammed into her family's Collingwood St home in the recent storm, badly damaging it.
Rex said he was "speechless" at seeing his image on such a large scale.
Askew One has also painted a black and white mural in his spare time for a coffee and beer in the Fresh Choice Nelson's Collingwood St car park.
He is recognised worldwide for his graffiti art. He is self-taught in graphic design, illustration, photography, publishing, directing and editing music videos and moving images.
Askew One said Rex and Sofie were awesome to work with. He had painted their portraits in a style that was faithful to his current work. The space had its fair amount of challenges.
"The wall got next to no sunlight for the whole time, so paint was not drying. But we got there."
Morrison Square manager Nona Jackson said the complex was delighted to have been able to offer the blank wall for the project.
"Offering space for street art is a great way for local businesses to engage with the art world and support initiatives like Gigatown Nelson and I am sure we will see more art popping up around the city in the coming months."
The Gigatown competition is a nationwide challenge run by Chorus, which will give the winning town ultrafast broadband.
Nelson jumped to second place in the competition, after it won the latest Chorus mini competition where campaigners created 30-second videos to show what the highspeed internet would do for their cities.
A video by Gigatown Nelson campaigner Michelle Lang won the competition, and an extra 200,000 points. Wanaka is currently in top place. To sign up to support Nelson visit gigatown.co.nz.
- The Nelson Mail
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Do you agree with the city council's decision to put a 30-minute limit on buskers' performances?Related story: (See story)


text:
Antique / Art Nouveau 9ct Gold Peridot & Pearl Necklace Pendant
This item has been shown 0 times.
Antique / Art Nouveau 9ct Gold Peridot & Pearl Necklace Pendant:
Antique / Art Nouveau 9ct Gold Peridot & PearlNecklacePendant
Condition: The back of the peridot setting is slightly damaged but all is still firmly in place, apart from that this is in very good condition.
Dimensions: 4cm x 2.5cm
Total Weight: 2.4gms
Markings: 9CT
PLEASE READ THE FOLLOWING INFORMATION: Due to bereavement I have acquired a large and varied collection of vintage and antique goods from an avid collector. This made my decision to delve into the unknown and introduce myself to . As well as being a novice in this style of trading I am not particularly familiar with the objects up for sale. I am not a coin or an antique expert, I will, however, strive to describe all my items as accurately and honestly as possible.
I will accept returns only if the item/s are not as described in the listing and are still in the condition they were when they were despatched.
I post twice a week and all my items will be sent signed for via Royal Mail. Items that exceed £50 will be sent insured, special delivery at no extra charge. Please be aware the cost that enables you to receive you item not only includes the Royal mail service charge but also a small charge for the packaging I provide. I will combine post on checkout total request. SORRY - no post to Australia, South Africa or P.O Boxes
Many thanks for reading this information.
Antique / Art Nouveau 9ct Gold Peridot & Pearl Necklace Pendant:
Divine 9ct 9k White Gold Rare Ceylon Sapphire Eternity Ring
Antique Huge American Arts Crafts Sterling Enamel Buckle 44g
Antique Victorian Gold Filled & Bohemian Garnet Bar Pin
Antique 14k Hp Enamel & Foil Seed Pearls Thick Bracelet Watch Brooch Or Pendant
Vintage 1920s Art Deco 14k White Gold Filigree Mechanical Lorgnette Opera Glass
Sapphire 14k Yellow Gold Stick Pin Brooch Pin Antique Art Nouveau Rkw00158


text:
|Publication number
|Publication type
|Publication date
|Jan 7, 1975
|Filing date
|Aug 10, 1972
|Priority date
|Aug 10, 1972
|Also published as
|Publication number
|Hogg Walter R
|Original Assignee
|Coulter Electronics
|Export Citation
|BiBTeX, EndNote, RefMan
|Patent Citations (13), Referenced by (6), Classifications (9)
|External Links: USPTO, USPTO Assignment, Espacenet
United States Patent 1191 Hogg Jan. 7, 1975 1 FLUID EJECTING MECHANISM 705.646 3/1965 Canada 417/383 {75} lnvemorl Walter Hogg, Miami Lakes, ,675 3 195 ltaly 4|7/412 [73] Assignee: Coulter Electronics, Inc., Hialeah,
Fla Primary Lxammer-W1lliam L. Freeh Attorney, Agent, or FirmSilverman & Cass, Ltd. [22] Filed: Aug. 10, 1972 [21] Appl. N0.: 279,436
[57] ABSTRACT [52] U.S. Cl. 417/437, 417/557 [51] Int. Cl. F04b 9/08 A fluld electlng mechamsm for use 11 Study devlce ield Of Search 417/207, 322, 412, 383, herein a non-diluted specific minute amount of fluid 417/375 379 52 sample containing particles is ejected by the ejecting mechanism into a flow stream leading to a sensing [56] References Cit d zone in the particle counter. The ejecting mechanism UNITED STATES PATENTS includes a hollow body having a thermal expansion de- 9 0 vice mounted therein and a power supply circuit 3 kg; which supplies a predetermined amount of electrical 12/1963 Battista "2'22/3865 energy to the thermal expansion device to raise the 3 3 7/1964 jf" 4|7/21'2 temperature of same a predetermined amount and 3,150,592 8/1962 Stec 417/322 Cause the same to expand thereby 1O cicct from the 3,165,692 1/1965 lreeli er a] 324/71 hollow body a specific amount of fluid sample having 3,270,672 9/1966 Haines 1. 4l7/322 a volume displacement equal to the volume increase 3,511,583 5/1970 Brown.... 4l7/4l2 of the thermal expansion device, Preferably the hollow 3.520.641 7/1970 )f----- 417/4l2 body is part of a syringe including a plunger. The sy 315981506 8/1971 9 417/383 ringe facilitates the picking up of fluid sample of as???" which only a minute specific portion is ejected toward 3683212 8/1972 Zoltanj ii: .I I... 417/3i2 the sensing 20mg of the Particle counter- FOREIGN PATENTS OR APPLICATIONS Claims, 10 Drawing Figures 1,300,197 6/1962 France 417/389 rim/2a.!
PATENTEU JAN 7 975 SHEET 10F 3 sum 2 or 5 PATENTEU JAN 7 I975 J J J .I
1 FLUID EJECTING MECHANISM BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION The invention relates to a non-diluting particle counter and more specifically to a device for ejecting a non-diluted specific minute amount of fluid sample containing particles into a flow stream leading to a sensing zone in the particle counter.
Heretofore, in the field of particle analysis and particle study, such as the study of red and white blood cells in a blood sample, it has been common practice to dilute the blood sample and then to pass a portion of the diluted sample through a sensing zone in a particle study device. The blood is diluted because the normal human blood count is five million cells per cubic millimeter and it is only necessary to study or analyze one hundredth. of that amount, namely, a volume of 0.01 cubic millimeters.
In studying a blood sample, the blood cells in a given amount of the sample are counted by passing a portion of the diluted blood sample through a sensing zone in a particle analyzing device, such as a Coulter type particle analyzing device which operates on the Coulter sensing principle disclosed in US. Pat. No. 2,656,508 issued Oct. 20, 1953 to Wallace H. Coulter.
According to this principle, when a microscopic particle in suspension in a fluid electrolyte is passed through an electrical field of small dimensions approaching those of the particle, there will be a momentary change in the electric impedance of the electrolyte in the ambit of the field. This change of impedance diverts some of the excitation energy into associated electrical circuitry, giving rise to an electrical signal. Such signal has been accepted as a reasonably accurate indication of the particle volume for most biological and industrial purposes.
One apparatus of the Coulter type includes first and second vessels each containing a body of fluid electrolyte. The second vessel is smaller and is immersed in the electrolyte in the first vessel. An electrode extends into the electrolyte in each vessel and electric current flows between the electrode through an opening in the side wall of the second vessel, the opening consisting in a minute aperture commonly referred to as a Coulter aperture. Flow of liquid between the vessels is caused by applying vacuum to the second vessel. According to the Coulter principle, particles passing through the aperture from one body of electrolyte to the other body of electrolyte will change the impedance of the electrolyte contained within the aperture and this change in impedance is sensed by the electrodes. This change generates an electrical signal in the form of a particle pulse which is then counted by the electrical circuitry of the particle analyzing device.
When making a blood analysis a dilution of blood in electrolyte is placed in the first vessel. Then vacuum is applied to the second vessel to cause diluted blood to flow from the first vessel through the aperture into the second vessel for a specific period of time. The second vessel is filled with electrolyte, probably including prior dilutions.
To make a fairly accurate measurement of particle concentration, one must accurately measure or meter the amount of fluid which passes through the sensing zone during a period of time when the electrical cir cuitry of the device is operative. This can be accomplished by passing fluid through the sensing zone at a given flow rate for a specified period of time. Appara' tus utilizing fluid flow metering systems of this type in a fluid analyzing device are disclosed in US. Pat. Nos. 3,577,162 and 3,654,439.
In most Coulter type particle analyzing devices, the metering is accomplished with a fluid metering appara tus of the type disclosed in US. Pat. Nos. 2,869,078, 3,015,775 and 3,271,672. Such metering apparatus includes a closed fluid system hydraulically connected to the second vessel. The closed fluid system includes a connection to a vacuum source and a mercury manometer. When operating the device, vacuum is applied to the closed fluid system to raise the mercury in the manometer and to draw some fluid sample into the second vessel. The connection to the vacuum source is then closed and the manometer, by reason of the mercury flowing downwardly to its original position, causes liquid to be drawn through the aperture and generates signals indicating the beginning and the end of an analytic run in a period during which an accurately metered volume of fluid is passed through the aperture. The metered volume of fluid is equal to the volume within the manometer between two electrodes.
It will be understood from the foregoing description ofa Coulter type particle analyzing device that it is necessary to dilute a quantity of blood to make an accurate determination of dilution and to accurately meter the fluid flow through the Coulter aperture in order that an accurate count of blood cells can be made. A simpler way of making the particle analysis or study would be to pass a specific minute amount of undiluted blood through the Coulter aperture and thereby eliminate the manometer system. Heretofore this has not been practical since it is difficult to eject a specific minute amount of undiluted blood into the flow stream of electrolyte flowing toward and through the aperture. The present invention overcomes this difficulty by provid ing a device for ejecting a specific minute amount of particle-containing fluid such as blood into the flow stream leading to a sensing zone in a particle analyzing device. Preferably, the ejecting device is used in a Coulter particle study device for ejecting a specific minute amount of blood toward a coulter aperture thereby providing a non-diluting Coulter particle counter.
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS FIG. 1 is a diagrammatic view of a particle study device including a vertical sectional view of a sensing zone in the device and a portion ofan ejecting mechanism of the present invention positioned adjacent the sensing zone.
FIG. 2 is an enlarged view, partially in section, of the thermal expansion device of the ejecting mechanism shown in FIG. 1.
FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of one embodiment of the power supply circuit of the ejecting mechanism.
FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram of another embodiment of the power supply circuit of the ejecting mechamsm.
FIG. 5 is a fragmentary side elevational view partially in section of another embodiment of the ejecting mechanism of the invention incorporated into and forming part of a syringe.
FIG. 6 is a vertical sectional view taken along line 66 of FIG. 5 and in the direction indicated.
FIG. 7 is an enlarged fragmentary sectional view of a modified tip of the syringe shown in FIG. 5.
FIG. 8 is an elevational view of a modified syringe, similar to the syringe shown in FIG. 5, including structure for mountingthe syringe in a predetermined juxtaposed position relative to a vessel in a particle study device.
FIG. 9 is a fragmentary side elevational view partially in section of a modified syringe, similar to the syringe shown in FIG. 5, including a piston having a laterally extending passage which facilitates filling of the ejecting mechanism.
FIG. 10 is a horizontal sectional view taken along line 10-10 of FIG. 5 and in the direction indicated.
DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS A particle study device generally of the Coulter type is identified by the reference numeral 10 in FIG. 1. The device 10 includes a first vessel 12 having a body of fluid 14 therein. A second and smaller vessell6 is situated within the vessel 12 with the lower portion of the vessel 16 immersed in the fluid 14. Preferably, and as shown, the vessel 16 is in the form of a tube which contains a body of fluid 18. Such a tube is known as an aperture tube and has an aperture in the side wall thereof, the aperture being formed in a wafer 20 secured to the side wall of the aperture tube 16 over an opening in the aperture tube 16. One type of wafer construction and mounting is disclosed in U.S. Pat. No. 2,985,830.
' As indicated, the upper end of the aperture tube 16 is connected to a conventional vacuum source (not shown) which includes a control mechanism operable to connect the tube 16 to the vacuum source for a predetermined period of time. The control mechanism also controls the operation of the circuitry of the particle study device 10, which circuitry is generally indicated by reference numeral 22. The circuitry 22 includes lead connections to two electrodes 24 and 26 which are situated, respectively, in the bodies of fluid l4 and 18. An electric current flows between the electrodes through the aperture in the wafer 20. When vacuum is applied to the aperture tube 16 a portion of the fluid 14 is drawn through the aperture into the tube 16.
In a conventional Coulter particle study device the body of fluid 14 comprises a dilution of blood in an electrolyte such that diluted blood is drawn through the aperture. Particles such as blood cells in the blood passing through the aperture will change the impedance of the electrolyte in the aperture. This change in impedance is sensed by the circuitry 22 which generates an electrical signal, commonly referred to as a'particle pulse, each time a particle passes through the aperture.
The particle pulses produced in this manner are studied, analyzed, and/or counted by the circuitry 22.
In accordance with the teachings of the present invention the body of fluid 14 is pure electrolyte and does not contain particles, such as would be the case in a conventional apparatus. Instead of placing a diluted sample in vessel 12 to comprise the body of fluid 14, the particle study device 10 of the present invention includes an ejecting mechanism 28 for ejecting fluid sample into a pure body of electrolyte. As will be explained in detail hereinafter the ejecting mechanism 28 is operable to eject a specific minute amount of undiluted fluid sample suspension toward the aperture in the wafer 20. In this way the particle study device 10 is a non-diluting particle study device.
The ejecting mechanism 28 includes a hollow body 30 having a cavity 32 therein. A thermal expansion device 34 is situated in the cavity 32. As shown, one side wall of the body 30 has an opening 35 therein communicating with the cavity 32. The opening 35 is covered by a wafer 36 similar to the wafer 20. The wafer has an aperture therein forming an outlet orifice for the ejecting mechanism 28. This outlet orifice is preferably very small so that surface tension of the fluid in the orifice will prevent any leakage into or out of the cavity 32 after the cavity 32 has been filled with a quantity of the fluid sample to be analyzed. The actual size of the aperture forming the outlet orifice is not critical and it is contemplated that wafers with apertures not meeting established standards for a Coulter type particle analyzing device can be used in the ejecting mechanism of the invention. As a result, rejected Coulter wafers can be salvaged and utilized in the ejecting mechanism of the present invention. A typical wafer will be one having an aperture of the order of 50 2 to The thermal expansion device 34 is connected via leads 38 and 40 to a power supply circuit 42 of the ejecting mechanism 28. The power supply circuit 42 includes a calibratable source of electric energy and circuitry for controlling the delivery of energy to the thermal expansion device 34 so that only a predetermined amount of electrical energy is supplied to the device 34 to produce a predetermined increase in temperature of the device 34 and thereby cause a predetermined incremental increase in the volume of the device 34. It will be understood that when the device 34 is heated, it expands increases in volume. The expansion causes a minute amount of the fluid sample to be ejected through the outlet orifice in the wafer 36.
As best shown in FIG. 2 the thermal expansion device 34 includes a core member 44 around which is wrapped a resistance element 46, namely a wire conductor, which forms the heating element of the device 34. The core 44 and the body 48 form an expandable element generally identified by the reference numeral 49. Surrounding the body 48 is an insulating jacket 50. As shown two electrical contacts or terminals 52 and 54 are fixed in the jacket 50 and connected to the ends of the wire conductor 46. It will be understood that the leads 40 and 38 extend to the body 30 and are connected to terminals or contacts fixed in the inner wall of the body 30 in position to engage the contacts 52 and 54.
The electrical circuit for the power supply 42 can take various forms. One such circuit for the power supply 42 is shown schematically in FIG. 3 and is generally identified by the reference numeral 60. The circuit 60 includes a voltage source 62 which provides a very accurate, precise and constant voltage. The voltage source 62 is connected in series with a current limiting resistor 64 and a capacitor 66. The resistor 64 controls or limits the charging current to the capacitor 66. Preferably, the resistor 64 has a relatively high resistance so that the charging current is very low and so that, when the capacitor 66 is connected across the resistance element 46, the amount of charging current which flows through the resistor 64 compared to the current discharging from the capacitor 66 is very small. As shown the resistance element 46 is connected in series with a switch 68 and this series combination is connected in parallel with the capacitor 66. When it is desired to operate the ejecting mechanism 28, the switch 68 is closed allowing the capacitor 66 to discharge through the resistance-heating element 46 and thereby transfer a predetermined amount of energy stored in the capacitor 66 to the heating element 46. The amount of energy supplied to the heating element 46 is dependent upon the size of the thermal expansion device 34, the coefficient(s) of expansion of the expandable element 49 and the temperature difference needed to obtain a desired increase in volume of the expandable element 49. The switch 68 can be a spring biased, push button type switch or can be a relay operated switch. In either case the switch 68 is designed not only to discharge the charge in the capacitor 66 through the resistance ele ment 46 but also to operate the control mechanism (not shown) for connecting the aperture tube 16 to the source of vacuum. If the switch 68 is of the push button type, the operator, after depressing the switch 68 will monitor a conventional visual display device connected to and forming part of the circuitry 22 and observe the signals produced by particles in the specific minute amount of fluid sample which pass through the aperture in the wafer 20. When the repetition rate of the signals has diminished to a certain point, he will release the switch 68 which will deactivate the counting circuitry release of the switch could operate a one-shot which applies a signal to the counting circuitry to stop operation of the same. Alternatively, if a relay controlled switch is utilized, a circuit supplying electric current to the coil of the relay will be operated by suitable circuitry, such as a flip flop circuit, when the repetition rate of the particle-caused signals diminish below some predetermined fraction of the maximum rate, indicating that all ejected particles have been counted. In this way the ejecting mechanism 28 and the circuit 60 replace and eliminate the prior metering apparatus such as disclosed in US. Pat. Nos. 2,869,078, 3,015,775 and 3,271,672.
Another electrical circuit for the power supply 42 is shown in FIG. 4 and is generally identified by the reference numeral 70. The circuit 70 is operable to supply a given quantity of energy at substantially constant voltage and current levels to the resistance element 46. This is accomplished by supplying the current from a well regulated voltage source which maintains a constant, precise, accurate voltage independent of current drain and by integrating the current flowing through the resistance element 46. For this purpose the circuit 70 includes a first voltage source 72 which is a well regulated dc. power source and supplies an accurate, precise, constant voltage. The circuit 70 also includes a switching mechanism comprised of a spring biased start switch 74, a normally closed single pole, single throw switch 76 which is operated by a relay coil 78 and a double pole, single throw switch 80 operated by a relay coil 82. An output terminal 84 from the voltage source 72 is connected to one side of the contacts ofthe switch 74, the other side of the switch 74 being connected to a lead 86 connected to the switch 76. The other side of the switch 76 is connected by a lead 88 to a junction 90. The relay coil 82 is connected between the junction 90 and a common conductor 92 connected to output terminal 93 of the power source 72. The resistance element 46 is also connected between the junction 90 and the common terminal 92 but in series with a resistor 94 which functions as a current sensing resistor. The junction between resistance element 46 and resistor 94 is identified by the reference numeral 95. When the switch 74 is closed a circuit path is established from the output terminal 84 through the lead 86, the switch contact 76, the lead 88 and the junction 90 to supply electric current to the resistance element 46 and to the relay coil 82.
Energization of the relay coil 82 causes operation of switch 80 to establish a connection between the output terminal 84 and the lead 86 through a lead 96, switch 80 and a lead 98. As a result, switch 74 can be released and a circuit connection to the resistance element 46 is maintained via the lead 96, the switch 80, the lead 98, the lead 86, switch 76 and the lead 88.
For the purpose of monitoring or measuring the current flow through the resistance element 46 over a pe riod of time, an integrating circuit is connected across the current sensing resistor 94 and senses the voltage thereacross, this voltage being indicative of the current through the resistor 94 and hence 46. The inte grating circuit 100 includes an amplifier 102, a capacitor 104 connected between an inverting input 105 of the amplifier 102 amd an output 106 of the amplifier 102, and a voltage integrating resistor 107 connected between junction 95 and the input 105 of the amplifier 102. In effect, the resistor 107 converts the voltage across resistor 94 to a current which is integrated by the integrating circuit 100. The resistor 107 is much larger than resistor 94 so that only a very small current is integrated. The output from the integrating circuit 100 is applied to one input 108 of a comparator 100 and an accurate, precise, constant voltage is supplied from a second voltage source 112 to a second input 114 of the comparator 110. The output 115 of the comparator 110 is connected to one side of the coil 78, the other side of the coil 78 being connected to the common conductor 92.
After a circuit connection has been completed between the output terminal 84 of the voltage source 72 and the junction 90, current begins to flow through the resistance element 46 and a very small portion of this current is passed through the resistor 107 to the integrating circuit 100 which accumulates a charge on the capacitor 104. This charging of the capacitor I04 re sults in the development of a voltage at the output terminal 106 of the circuit 100 and this developed voltage is applied to the input 108 of the comparator 110 and compared with a predetermined, precise, accurate voltage supplied by voltage source 112 to the input 114 of the comparator 110. When the developed voltage equals the supplied voltage, the comparator 110 is operated to energize the coil 78. Energization of the coil 78 causes opening of the switch 76 thereby terminating the current flow through the resistance element 46. In
this way a precise amount of energy, W, is supplied to the resistance element 46. The energy W= v f idt. The opening of the circuit connection to the junction 90 also causes de-energization of the coil 82 which in turn causes the contacts of switch 80 to return to the position shown in FIG. 4. In this position, the switch 80 connects a resistor 116 in shunt relationship across the capacitor 104 for bleeding any charge on the capacitor 104 through the resistor 116 thereby to reset the circuit 70, namely the integrating circuit 100, for a subsequent operation thereof.
Again, although not shown in FIG. 4, it is to be understood that the switch 74 can be of the push button type or of a relay type and is connected to the circuitry 22 in such a manner that operation of the switch 74 also initiates operation of the particle analyzing device. Thus, once the switch 74 is closed, the counting circuits of the circuitry 22 are made operative and the aperture tube 16 is connected to the source of vacuum for initiating flow of the electrolyte and the ejected specific amount of fluid sample through the aperture in the wafer 20. Also, the circuit 70 together with the ejecting mechanism 28 eliminates the need for a metering apparatus.
Although two specific circuits, circuits 60 and 70, for the power supply 42 have been illustrated in FIGS. 3 and 4 respectively, it is to be understood that other types of circuits could be utilized. In this respect, instead of utilizing a well regulated power source it is possible for one to monitor the voltage from a nonregulated voltage source from which energy is supplied to the resistance element 46 and at the same time to monitor the current through the resistance element 46. This could be done by connecting a resistor across the voltage source and measuring the current therethrough. The current through this resistor will vary of course as the magnitude of the voltage varies. Then by means of conventional multiplying circuits the current passing through this resistor and the current charging the integrating capacitor 104 can be multiplied and integrated with respect to time. In this way the energy input per unit time is integrated and when the energy input reaches a predetermined value, the circuit connections to the resistance element 46 can be opened.
Referring back to FIG. 1, it will be noted that the ejecting mechanism 28 is shown schematically and it will be understood that some means must be provided for introducing the liquid sample into the cavity 32 within the body 30. For this purpose one preferred embodiment of the ejecting mechanism is in the form of asyringe generally identified by the reference numeral 128 in FIG. 5. The syringe 128 includes an elongate body 129 and a laterally extending projection 130. The projection 130 tapers to a tip 131. The projection 130 has a cavity 132 therein in which a thermal expansion device 134, similar to the device 34, is situated. An opening in the tip 131 is in communication with the cavity 132. The elongate body 129 is closed at one end 136. A plunger 138 is slidably received within the body 129 and extends from an open end of the body 129 opposite the closed end 136. The outer end of the plunger 138 has a finger manipulatable head 139. The inner end of the plunger 138 includes a piston 140 having an L-shaped passageway 142 therein. The passageway 142 has one end 143, which opens into space 145 in the hollow body 129 opposite the closed end 136 thereof, and a second end passageway 147 which opens onto a side of the plunger 138 and is adapted to register and communicate with an inner end 148 of the cavity 132 during at least a portion of the movement of the plunger 138 within the body 129.
The thermal expansion device 134 has the same general construction as the device 34 and has two contacts 152 and 154 thereon for connecting the heating element therein with the power supply 42. The device 134 can have any desired cross section, such as a circular cross section, although the preferred cross section is triangular as will be further explained in connection with the description of FIG. 6.
When the plunger 138 is raised, the volume of the space is increased. This increase in volume creates a suction for drawing fluid through the opening in the tip 131 of the projection 130 so long as the end 147 of the passageway 142 is in communication with the cavity 132. The filling of the cavity 132 with fluid sample will continue until the opening 147 is completely out of registry with the end 148 of the cavity 132 opening into the interior of the body 129. At this point the cavity 132 will be closed except for the opening at the tip 131. When this has been accomplished the tip 131 can be placed closely adjacent the wafer 20 and preferably with the axis of the opening in the tip 131 coaxial with the axis of the aperture in the wafer 20. The syringe 128 is now ready to eject a specific minute amount of fluid sample toward the aperture in the wafer 20. This is accomplished by supplying a predetermined amount of energy from the power supply 42 via two leads 158 and 160 to the thermal expansion device 134. The leads 158 and 160 are, of course, connected to contacts which are mounted within the cavity 132 and which engage the contacts 152 and 154.
To ensure that the plunger 138 is pulled out sufficiently to close the inner end of the cavity 132, a locating projection 162 is mounted on and extends outwardly from the plunger 138. A spring biased latching device 164 having a notch 166 which fits over the projection 162 is mounted on the syringe body 129. When the plunger 138 is raisedthe projection 162 will engage and force the latching device 164 outwardly until the projection 162 is in registry with the notch 166 whereupon the latching device will snap inwardly over the projection 162 andprevent further upward movement or downward movement of the plunger 138 due to suction developed in the space 145. As shown, the latching device 164 has a finger 168 which can be easily manipulated for unlatching the latching device 164 from the projection 162.
As best shown in FIG. 6, the cavity 132 within the projection 130 has a cylindrical shape and the thermal expansion device 134 has a generally triangular cross section such that the device 134 has three longitudinal edges 171, 172 and 173. The contacts 152 and 154 are disposed on the upper edge 171 and the lower edges 172 and 173 engage the cylindrical inner wall surface of the cavity 132. Preferably the thermal expansion device 134 has an interference fit in the cavity 132. with the contacts 152 and 154 resiliently engaging the mating contacts on the inner wall of the cavity 132. In order to permit an interference fit of the thermal expansion device 134 in the cavity 132, the insulating jacket thereon is formed from a material having sufficient elasticity whereby the edges 172 and 173 can be deformed slightly when the device 134 is inserted in cavity 132. Preferably, the insulating jacket material is resilient whereby the contacts 152 and 154 are urged against the contacts in the cavity 132 to make a good electrical connection therebetween. The material, however, must be incompressable so that deformation thereof does not affect the thermal expansion of the thermal expansion device 134.
To facilitate easy insertion of the thermal expansion device 134 into the cavity 132, the cavity 132 is formed in the projection 130 by drilling a hole transversely through the syringe body 129 and into the projection 130. This results in a hole 176 on the side of the body 129 opposite the projection 130. When the syringe 128 is disassembled for cleaning, the thermal expansion device 134 is then easily removed through the hole 176 and, after being cleaned, is reinserted into the cavity 132 through the hole 176.
Also, the L-shaped passageway 142 is easily formed by drilling one hole axially into the piston 140 and a second hole radially inwardly from the side of the piston 140, the two holes intersecting inside the piston 140.
In order to maintain a very small outlet orifice at the tip 131, the opening in the tip 131 is preferably covered by a wafer 178 having a very small aperture therethrough, as shown in FIG. 7.
When the projection 130 is inserted into a fluid sample for filling the cavity 132, some of the fluid sample is picked up by the outer surface of the tip 131. To minimize contamination of the electrolyte, the tip 131 is preferably wiped off before the syringe 128 is inserted into the body of electrolyte. However, during the cleaning of the tip 131 with a cloth it is likely that fluid in the aperture will be absorbed by the fabric of the cloth. By having a very small aperture volume which is much smaller than the specific minute amount of fluid sample to be ejected from the syringe 128, this loss of blood from the aperture in the wafer 178 is insignificant and will not adversely affect the analysis of the fluid sample. Cleaning of the tip 131, and the possible absorption of sample from the aperture by the cleaning wiper, can be avoided by inserting sample into the cavity 132 through the inner end 148 thereof, as will be more fully explained in connection with the description of FIGS. 9 and 10.
When utilizing the syringe 128 it is desirable to accurately locate and fix the position of the tip 131 relative to an aperture in a wafer in a particle analyzing or studying device. For this purpose, the syringe 28 pref erably has structure associated therewith which cooperates with mating structure on the aperture tube for mounting and holding the syringe 128 in place. A modified syringe 228 having such mounting structure is shown in FIG. 8. In this respect the syringe 228 has an L-shaped bar 230 which extends from the syringe with one leg 231 of the bar extending parallel to the longitudinal axis of the syringe. The leg 231 of the bar 230 is received in a V mounting block 232 which is fixed to an aperture tube 236. Except for the mounting block 232 the aperture tube 236 is substantially identical to the aperture tube 16 shown in FIG. 1. Also except for the bar 230 the syringe 228 is substantially identical to the syringe 128 shown in FIG. 5. The leg 231 of the bar 230 is held firmly in place by a spring 238 fixed to the mounting block 232.
In order to ensure proper location of the outlet orifice of the syringe 228, namely, to ensure that it will be coaxial with the aperture in a wafer in an aperture tube,
the syringe is preferably fabricated while mounted in a fixture having a similar shape as the aperture tube 236. A special microscope is positioned behind an aperture of the fixture, the fixture aperture simulating the aperture in the wafer, and the outlet orifice in the syringe 228 is then aligned with the fixture aperture. When the outlet orifice is defined by the aperture in wafer 178, the locating of the aperture in the wafer 178 is accomplished by softening the tip 131, which typically is made of glass, and then positioning the wafer in proper location so that the aperture therein is properly aligned with the aperture of the fixture. Then the glass is allowed to cool and solidify with the wafer 178 properly in place.
To obviate the need to clean off the tip 131, the syringe 128 can be constructed in a manner whereby fluid sample is inserted into the cavity 132 through the inner end 148 thereof. Such a modified construction of the syringe is shown in FIGS. 9 and 10, the modified syringe being identified by the reference numeral 328. The syringe 328 is similar to the syringe 128 and includes an elongate body 329, a projection 330 with a tip 331, a cavity 332, a thermal expansion device 334 mounted in the cavity 332, a closed end 336 and a plunger 338 slidably received in the body 329.
The plunger 338 has a piston 340 at the inner end thereof received in the body 329. Instead of an L shaped passageway, such as passageway 142 shown in FIG. 5, the piston 340 has a lateral passageway 342 extending through the piston 340. The passageway 342 and cavity 332 are formed in one operation by drilling a hole through the body 329, the piston 340 and th projection 330. In this way a hole 346, similar to the hole 176 shown in FIG. 5, is formed in the body 329 opposite the projection 330.
To fill the cavity 332 with fluid sample, the piston 340 is manipulated to bring the passageway 342 into registry with inner end 348 of the cavity 332 as shown in FIG. 9. Then fluid sample, which has been drawn into a hypodermic needle 350 is dispensed into the cavity 332 by holding the needle 350 above the hole 346 and manipulating the needle 350 to drop sample, e.g., blood, into the syringe 328 until the level thereof reaches the position indicated by reference numeral 351. Air trapped below the fluid sample easily can escape out of the outlet orifice in the tip 331. The surface tension of the fluid sample, however, prevents fluid flow of the fluid sample through the outlet orifice. After the fluid has reached the level 351, the piston 340 is withdrawn or pushed in until the passageway 342 is completely out of registry with the inner end 348 of the cavity 332. The amount of sample in the passageway 342 will, of course be wasted. However, by shearing the body of sample in the cavity 332 and passageway 342, there is no change in volume of the fluid sample in the cavity 332. As a result the cavity 332 will be completely filled with fluid sample and is ready for the ejection therefrom of the desired specific minute amount of sample.
To prevent contamination of electrolyte the syringe body 329 has its bottom end 336 closed. The closed space, space 355, between the inner end of piston 340 and the bottom end 336 of the body 329 is vented to atmosphere by means of at least one air channel 359 formed in the outer surface of the plunger 338 as best shown in FIGS. 9 and 10. The venting of the space 355 prevents a higher or lower pressure from developing in the space 355, and thereby prevents a pressure differential from acting on the plunger 338. Such a pressure differential makes movement of the plunger 338 unnecessarily difficult and could cause uncontrolled movement of the plunger 338.
In all other respects the syringe 328 is the same as the syringe 128. Since the syringe 328 does not require wiping off of the tip 331, and since it can receive blood directly from a hypodermic needle, the syringe 328 may be preferred in blood analyzing devices over the syringe 128.
It will be apparent that the syringes 128, 228 and 328 are simple in construction and can be easily assembled and disassembled for cleaning purposes.
In practicing the teachings of the present invention it is contemplated that the core member 44 of the thermal expansion device 34 or 134 will be formed of either silver or beryllium oxide. Also the material of the body 48 within which the core 44 is embedded is preferably made from beryllium oxide. The coefficient of thermal expansion of silver is 10.9 and the coefficient of thermal expansion for beryllium oxide is 5.3 (10*). As stated above it has been found that a sufficient quantity of blood for analysis and study of the cells in the blood is 0.01 cubic millimeters of blood. Assuming a temperature rise of F for the sake of convenience and assuming that the expandable element 49 formed by the core member 44 in the body 48 is cylindrical having a length equal to twice its diameter mathematical calculations show that a silver expandable element would have to be roughly 0.085 inches in diameter and have a length of roughly 0.170 inches to obtain an increase in volume of roughly 0.01 cubic millimeters for a 20F increase in temperature of the expandable element. This is a very convenient size in that it does not require a large syringe. A small syringe can be utilized and a very small amount of blood sample is needed. Also the syringe and the thermal expansion device 34 or 134 are large enough so that they can be readily made utilizing the techniques used in manufacturing miniature resistors.
If a solid beryllium oxide (BeO) cylindrical expandable element is used instead of silver, the volume of the expandable element 49 should be roughly twice the volume ofa silver expandable element. In this case, the diameter of the expandable element would be roughly 0.103 inches and the length of the element would be roughly 0.217 inches.
Rough calculations show that an expandable element made from BeO would require 1.09 calories of heat or 4.56 joules of energy in order to obtain an increase of 0.01 cubic millimeters in the volume of the element, if a temperature rise time of twenty second is assumed, and that power would have to be expended in the expandable element at the average rate of b 0.228 watts.
One of the advantages obtained with a non-diluting particle counter utilizing the ejecting mechanism 28 or the syringe 128 heretofore described is the fact that much more electrolyte is sucked through the aperture in the wafer 20 than blood. The net effect is exactly the same as if the blood had been diluted. However, dilution does not matter since all the cells in the 0.01 cubic millimeter of blood ejected into the body of electrolyte 14 are to be counted.
The electrolyte being drawn through the aperture in the wafer 20 also serves as a sheath for the blood cells which flow through the aperture. By ejecting the specific minute amount of blood into the fluid vortex formed adjacent the wafer 20 by the electrolyte being sucked through the aperture, essentially all ofthe blood cells are ensheathed by electrolyte and drawn through the aperture. As a result practically none of the blood cells will be lost in the electrolyte.
The duration of sensing and counting of blood cells is not critical in a non-diluting particle study device of the type heretofore described, since the circuitry 22 can be modified to include an electrical circuit which will measure the interval between pulses generated by particles passing through the aperture. When the interval becomes very large indicating that the expandable element 49 has stopped expanding and blood is no longer being ejected toward the aperture in the wafer 20, the electric circuit 60 or can be operated to terminate the count and terminate operation of the particle study device. in this way, practically all of the blood cells in the 0.01 cubic millimeter are counted as desired.
Modifications and variations to the ejecting mechanism or the syringe heretofore described will be apparent to those skilled in the art.
What it is desired to be secured by Letters Patent of the United States is:
1. Means for ejecting in one stroke a specific minute amount of fluid sample, said ejecting means including means for receiving and temporarily storing a given amount of fluid sample, said receiving and storing means having a very small outlet orifice, a solid thermal expansion device which is mounted within said receiving and storing means and which includes an electric heating element, an expandable element which surrounds said heating element, which is made from a material having a given thermal coefficient of expansion and which has a given volume, and an insulating jacket surrounding said expandable element and said heating element, and means for supplying a predetermined amount of energy to said thermal expansion device to raise the temperature of said device to cause said device to expand thereby to eject in one stroke through said outlet orifice a specific minute amount of fluid sample from said receiving and storing means.
2. The ejecting means according to claim 1 wherein said receiving and storing means is a syringe.
3. The ejecting means according to claim 1 wherein said receiving and storing means includes a body having a fluid receiving cavity therein and said outlet orifice being in a wall of said body and communicating with said cavity, said solid thermal expansion device being situated within said cavity.
4. The ejecting means according to claim 1 wherein said energy supply means includes a voltage source having good regulation to provide a substantially constant voltage independent of current drain.
5. The ejecting means according to claim 1 wherein said expandable element is made of silver.
6. The ejecting means according to claim 1 wherein said expandable element is made of beryllium oxide.
7. The ejecting means according to claim 1 wherein said expandable element is made of silver and beryllium oxide.
8. The ejecting means according to claim 1 wherein said thermal expansion device includes an electric heating element and said energy supply means includes a voltage source, an energy storing device for storing a predetermined amount of energy and switch means for connecting said storage means to said heating element to discharge said predetermined amount of energy from said storage device into said electric heating element.
9. The ejecting means according to claim 1 including means for mounting said ejecting means in position for ejecting the specific minute amount of fluid sample toward a sensing zone in a particle study device.
10. The ejecting means according to claim 1 wherein said heating element is a wire conductor and said expandable element includes an elongated core on which said wire conductor is wound, said heating element and said core being embedded in a body which forms part of the expandable element.
11. The ejecting means according to claim wherein said core and said body are made of the same material.
12. The ejecting means according to claim 1 wherein said thermal expansion device includes an electric heating element and said energy supply means includes a voltage source, switch means for connecting said voltage source to said heating element and circuit means connected to said switch means and said heating element for monitoring the energy input to said heating element and for opening the connection between said voltage source and said heating element after a predetermined amount of energy has been supplied to said heating element.
13. The ejecting means according to claim 12 wherein said circuit means includes means for integrating the current flowing through said heating element, a second voltage source, a relay including an operating coil and contacts in the connection between said first voltage source and said heating element, and a comparator having inputs connected to said integrating means and said second voltage source and an output connected to said operating coil, said comparator being operable to compare a voltage developed in said integrating means with a constant voltage supplied from said second voltage source and to energize said coil for causing opening of said contacts when said developed voltage equals said constant voltage.
14. The ejecting means according to claim 1 wherein said receiving and storing means includes an elongate hollow body, a projection which extends from said body, which is integral with said body, which has a cavity therein communicating with the hollow interior of said body, and which has a tip at the distal end thereof, said tip having said outlet orifice therein communicat ing with said cavity, and a plunger in said body, said plunger having a passageway therein, said passageway having a first end which opens into said hollow body opposite a closed end of said hollow body and a second end which opens onto a side of said plunger and which is adapted to register and communicate with said cavity during at least a portion of the movement of said plunger within said body, and said thermal expansion device being situated in said cavity.
15. The ejecting means according to claim 14 wherein said body is open at one end opposite said closed end and said plunger has a portion thereof which extends outwardly from said open end of said body, and wherein said receiving and storage means includes means for limiting outward movement of said plunger to a position where said second end of said passageway is completely out of registry with said cavity.
16. The ejecting means according to claim 14 including means for mounting said body in a particle study device with said tip in a predetermined position relative to a sensing zone in said particle study device.
17. The ejecting means according to claim 1 wherein said receiving and storing means includes an elongate hollow body and a projection which extends from said body, which is integral with said body, which has a cav ity therein communicating with the hollow interior of said body, and which has a tip at the distal end thereof, said tip having said outlet orifice therein communicating with said cavity, and said body having a hole therein opposite said projection and wherein a plunger is received in said body through an open end thereof and has a lateral passageway therethrough which is adapted to be brought into registry with the inner end of said cavity for enabling filling of said cavity with fluid sample through said hole and said passageway.
18. The ejecting means according to claim 17 wherein the end of said body, opposite said open end thereof is closed, and said plunger has at least one channel therein communicating the space between said closed end of said body and the inner end of said UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE CERTIFICATE OF CORRECTION PATENT NO. 3,859,012 DATED August 18, l975 INVENTOR(S) WALTER R. HOGG It is certified that error appears in the above-identified patent and that said Letters Patent are hereby corrected as shown below:
Column 2, line 46, change "coulter" to Coulter Column 6, line 36, change "amd to and Column 10, line 32, change "th" to the twenty-eight D 3) of October 1 975 [SEAL] A ttes t:
RUTH C. MASON Arresting 0mm C. MARSHALL DANN Commissioner of Patents and Trademarks
|Cited Patent
|Filing date
|Publication date
|Jun 8, 1869
|Improvement in water-elevators
|Oct 26, 1960
|Apr 30, 1963
|Mecislaus J Ciesielski
|Heat pump
|Jun 7, 1961
|Dec 24, 1963
|Little Inc A
|Device for continuous delivery of metered amounts of liquid
|Nov 25, 1960
|Jul 7, 1964
|Pure Oil Co
|Variable-stroke drive mechanism
|Aug 17, 1962
|Sep 29, 1964
|Stec Charles L
|Piezoelectric pump
|May 15, 1961
|Jan 12, 1965
|Technicon Instr
|Continuously operable apparatus and method for counting particles in successive portions of a flowing fluid stream
|Dec 23, 1963
|Sep 6, 1966
|Union Oil Co
|Pump apparatus
|Sep 24, 1968
|May 12, 1970
|Gen Motors Corp
|Magnetic fluid actuating pump
|Nov 13, 1968
|Jul 14, 1970
|Acf Ind Inc
|Piezoelectric pump
|Apr 23, 1969
|Aug 10, 1971
|Physics Int Co
|Electrostrictive actuator
|Jun 24, 1969
|Apr 25, 1972
|Bendix Corp
|Piezoelectric crystal operated pump to supply fluid pressure to hydrostatically support inner bearings of a gyroscope
|Mar 6, 1970
|Jul 18, 1972
|Charles River Foundation
|Sep 9, 1970
|Aug 8, 1972
|Clevite Corp
|Pulsed droplet ejecting system
|Citing Patent
|Filing date
|Publication date
|Aug 1, 1974
|Feb 17, 1976
|Coulter Electronics, Inc.
|Particle study device and sample metering means used therein
|Dec 23, 1975
|Mar 7, 1978
|Coulter Electronics, Inc.
|Sample ejection system including temperature control
|Aug 29, 1977
|Mar 4, 1980
|Varian Associates, Inc.
|Apparatus and method for controlling pressure ratio in high vacuum vapor pumps
|Dec 23, 1993
|Mar 28, 1995
|Abbott Laboratories
|Mechanical capture of count wafer for particle analysis
|Dec 23, 1993
|Jul 18, 1995
|Abbott Laboratories
|Method of making count probe with removable count wafer
|Mar 20, 1995
|Mar 26, 1996
|Abbott Laboratories
|Method of making stress relieved count probe
|U.S. Classification
|417/437, 417/557, 222/146.5
|International Classification
|Cooperative Classification
|European Classification


text:
1. It's a gorgeous day out and you walk to the subway all:
2. The train pulls in and shoots you a quick breeze
3. Then you realize its the 6 train in the middle of rush hour
4. So you squish in and realize the only spot is standing next to this guy
5. After a few minutes of analyzing the stench, you switch cars and stare directly at this
6. Forget it… you'll just switch to the seemingly empty train across the platform.
7. After calling 511 you realize you have to pee like hell and stop at the restrooms in Grand Central
8. Dry heave approximately 3 minutes. Then you return to subway where the only seat is between this guy
9. And that
10. So you're like "Screw it. I'll just get off and take the slow-as-your-grandmother bus."
11. Then you finally arrive at work and this asshole walks by
12. And all you can hope for is this to happen
13. So you complain to co-workers about the commute… but they remind you of a humbling experience from last weekend
14. And then you realize that maybe it's not the subway thats the problem. It's assholes like yourself.
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text:
Horton Kansas Golf Courses
|Horton Lakeview Country Club
Featured Golf Course Review:
|Horton Lakeview Country Club -- the best
|Review by: Wally Backman
|I had a great experience here...fun course.
|From Canton Ohio
Golf Courses: Additional Golf Course Reviews:
|Hillcrest Golf Course -- Fun course to play
|Review by: Anonymous
|Front nine is fun and a little open. Back nine has alot of hills and is challenging. Nice people and good prices.
|From Oklahoma


text: The Shallows Absolute Radio 280113 by TheShallowsUK published on 2013-01-28T13:58:08Z From the @petedonaldson show http://www.absoluteradio.co.uk/ 28.01.13 Comment by TRiALS Great work 2013/04/10 15:20:00 +0000 Comment by Trance Asylum This is a Revelation for me, no doubts you went on Absolute Radio...\o/.... 2013/04/06 10:12:33 +0000 Comment by Talkshowhosts You guys are great, really cool sound! If you're ever looking for a support band in Glasgow give us a shout! 2013/04/05 20:43:34 +0000 Comment by Butch Tandy Nice work guys,,, lovin this.... 2013/01/28 15:24:03 +0000


text:
Taylor Momsen Goes Completely Nude in The Pretty Reckless' 'Heaven Knows' Video
The Pretty Reckless has unveiled the music video for their "Heaven Knows". Arriving on Thursday, February 13, the clip was filmed in Miami by director Jon J and band member Taylor Momsen.
The video shows Momsen walking alone in a corridor while a group of innocent-looking children are gathering in a smoke-filled room and watching some violent and sex scenes on multiple TV screens. The former "Gossip Girl" star then suddenly rips open her black robe and reveals a black cross that covers her naked body.
"We decided to film variations of all of the issues we as a people are facing, whether personal, political or social. We took a lot of shots, each representing some social constant or emotional struggle. Some overt, some subtle, but it's all in there," Momsen said of the video.
"Everything is thrown at you from the day you're born, you're only chance is to think for yourself...which is not as simple as it sounds," she added.
"Heaven Knows" is featured in "Going to Hell", The Pretty Reckless' new album that's due out on March 18 via Razor & Tie.
The Pretty Reckless' "Heaven Knows" music video
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- Taylor Swift Flies to U.K. to Meet Tom Hiddleston's Mom. See Picture of Their Happy Outing
- 'Game of Thrones' Season Finale Won't Slow Down the Pace, People Will Die
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- Justin Bieber's Music Video Vixen Xenia Deli, 26, Marries 62-Year-Old Man in Lavish Wedding
- Mariah Carey Reportedly Wants to Withhold Sex Before Her Wedding


text:
Bruce to stay on as Hull manager
Steve Bruce confirms he will remain as Hull manager in the Premier League next season.BBC Sport » 1m
Steve Bruce confirms he will remain as Hull manager in the Premier League next season.BBC Sport » 1m
Watford make out-of-contract Liverpool striker Jerome Sinclair their first summer signing on a five-year deal.BBC Sport » 1m
• Bruce denies being unsettled by club's potential takeover • 'As far as I am concerned it is business as usual at Hull' Steve Bruce has insisted he intends on remaining at Hull City, despite links with the vacant England job . The 55-year-old's future at the newly-promoted Premier League club had…Guardian » 36m
Zenit St Petersburg and Brazil forward Hulk signs for Chinese Super League side Shanghai SIPG for an Asian record £46.1m.BBC Sport » 45m
Eden Hazard has recovered from an awful Chelsea season to shine at Euro 2016 but there remains a sense that the world's most promising 25-year-old veteran can do more As Eden Hazard drove out into the Fulham Road gridlock on the last day of the season two summers ago there was a suggestion in the…Guardian » 46m
Steve Round says that leaving Old Trafford this summer could be the making of Ryan Giggs as a future manager of Manchester United.SkySports.com » 49m
Steve Bruce has told Hull City supporters he is staying as manager and it is "business as usual".SkySports.com » 57m
England players sang about going 'all the way' before they set off for Euro 88 but, just like the team in France this summer , they ended up going nowhere By Steven Pye for That 1980s Sports Blog , part of the Guardian Sport Network In 1988 you were never more than six minutes away from hearing a…Guardian » 59m
Our team records cover all English, Scottish & Welsh leagues and cups, and also all Euro cups, including latest matches.
|Cup Scoring Records
|Detail, dates link to results
|Highest scoring win
Bo'ness United 7 Culter 1, 04.10.2014
|Highest scoring loss
Bo'ness United 0 Arbroath 5, 29.11.2014
|Highest winning margin
Bo'ness United 7 Culter 1, 04.10.2014
|Highest losing margin
Bo'ness United 0 Arbroath 5, 29.11.2014
|Highest aggregate
Bo'ness United 5 Elgin City 4, 08.11.2014
|Highest scoring draw
Elgin City 4 Bo'ness United 4, 01.11.2014


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text:
∩zum Koka K-Town
By Mark Schneiders
16 Aug 2009
In this town nothing is the same
the rural elements of theatrical poetry
stages of the wellknown unknown
horns and psalms
the invisible treehugger revisited
reclaim the stage
X→ â†X
VOTE: Do you like this story?
3 responses
Simon Kossoff (Deleted) said (17 Aug 2009):
great photo essay.. some excellent images here!
Mark Schneiders said (17 Aug 2009):
tnx simon
Roxana Brivent-Barnes said (26 Oct 2010):
Voted, some images are spot on!
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text:
brian shelton the snitch and his wife shelly
Posted in the Princeton Forum
United States
#1 Jul 12, 2012
Both snitching... she snitched on him he snitched on lil jon and josh pavey.. and lil jon and pavey snitched on each other.. jus a bunch of snitchs all snitching on each other... watch it all unfold in the court rm if u don't believe me.
#2 Jul 12, 2012
First off, they already had Little John. If Brian snitched on him he wouldn't be sitting in jail. The only thing u are correct about would be Shelly snitching on Brian, Pavey and Lil John! Get your sht straight before starting a topix u drama ho
United States
#3 Jul 12, 2012
I know for a fact brian got lil jon that's why brian is in isolation in jail... my $hits straight.. and when it comes straight from his mouth I believe it.. that's all the proof I need !!!!!
#4 Jul 12, 2012
You idiot. He's not in isolation. I would know
Considering the fact I just got out of jail Monday! I was in the 8 man with him.
United States
#5 Jul 12, 2012
If he's in 8 man then weres lil jon n pavy... prob bull pin.. and prob brian has to shower n iso... and I was n there for 10 mnths so don't act like I don't know what's going on !
#6 Jul 12, 2012
Well good for you. But I can assure u you weren't on the mans side. And lil John and Pavey were not in the 8 man. You might want to check Marion for lil John and Pavey because THEY WERE NOT IN THE 8 man or the bull pen so keep talking I hope Shelly beats your a$$!
#7 Jul 12, 2012
Oooo u must be one of her junkie friends...keep hanging with her.. you'll be back in jail...
#8 Jul 12, 2012
Good it's about time that punk ass pavey got what was comming to him I hope someone kills that worthless little bastard.
United States
#9 Jul 12, 2012
I totally agree with u... pavey is a piece of $hit.. and I hope he gets everything he's got comming to him....:-)
#10 Jul 12, 2012
Listen here b*tch dont be talking sh*t about my baby brother he isnt worthless get you self 2gether post you name cause im sure you mad cause everyone likes him more than you f*ck you post your real name
United States
#11 Jul 13, 2012
I understand he's ur brother but he breaks in to houses and robs ppl for there stuff and does what ever he has to to get over on ppl... I understand u have to protect him but right now he is a piece of $hit... he's got that label till he changes he's life. I'm not talking trash jus speaking the truth...
#12 Jul 13, 2012
Hes never a peice of sh*t but he went down the wrong path i mean h*ll most ppl in that dumb town do hes paying for what he did what about all the other ppl that have done worse he is a great person and i love him and nothing can change that and if you have a problem with him tell him dont put it on this gay site
United States
#13 Jul 13, 2012
Like I said I have no problems with him... in the past yes we had sum run ins.. he did me wrong..but I know ppl change.. I've changed my life and got clean he can to...I hold no resentments towards him... I was jus saying that he is labeled that.. keep staying true to ur bro he needs you... be there for him.. support him to be clean and show him by example...
#14 Jul 13, 2012
Someone needs to snitch on Shelley and tell the police where she is at. She has warrants for her arrest, or just put it on here and I'll tell them.
#16 Jul 13, 2012
news flash ppl brian was released yesterday on a ankle bracelet now come on really everybody knows what he is doing
#17 Jul 19, 2012
Shellys in jail.
#18 Aug 7, 2012
THe thing that started it all wasShelly getting busted at Food Giant. She got caught with 3 meth pipes and said they were Brians. So, child services got involved and Brian and Shelly were both in jail. He was so high he snitched everything about everybody, then asked for a deal. They were already looking at Lil Jon and had wanted him for a while. They also were already looking at Joshua because he broke into a house in the alley beside his Grandpas and left his ID. So, they already had all of them, they were just waiting for a statement. Also, Brian is out on MCR and Joshua is getting released from Christian Co. on wednesday. Lil Jon is being held on charges unrelated to the burglaries. Instead of bashing these people, why don' we hope they get there shit straight and stay on the right path this time. Meth is a hell of a drug and just because they are addicts does not mean they are bad people. Granted, not every addict robs houses on a regular basis, chances are you know someone who is an addict and you know what drugs will do to a person.
United States
#19 Aug 7, 2012
These people were never good people! Good people don't split lbs of weed with their 15 year old son so he can sell it to kids at school. Good parents don't allow their 10 year old to have boys stay the night and run the streets all hours. They don't smoke meth and weed infront of the kids. They don't let the utilities get turned off because there to busy buying drugs. Those kids lived in that house without electric for months. They were exposed to every drug you can think of. It wasn't the meth that made them bad people. They were scum long before! Thank God social services done their job!
#20 Sep 30, 2013
Excuse me, but you dont know wtf your talking about! mother f**kers be on this sh*t like its they d*mn life. you dont know who the f**k my parents are, wtf they been through, wtf they done did for us. first of all, i wasn't 10, second of all i didnt have no f**king boys stay the night with me. My brother had friends stay the night dumb mother f**ker... and the only reason my dad was on meth was because someone kept bringing it to him if it wasnt for them f**king crack heads he wouldnt be where he was today. so shut the f**k up with ya dumb*sss. you dont even know sh*t. and my dad didnt snitch.. like whoever that was said, he wouldnt be in jail right now if he did. my mom did snitch on my dad but she didnt say those meth pipes were his that night, i know because i was with her. she simply said they weren't her's. so like sara said post ya real name cause you aint sh*t. we might have went without electricity but that dont mean they aint good people. obviously you didnt know them because if you woulda known them for who they really are it wouldnt matter what they did or didnt do you wouldnt be on here talking sh*t.
Me and Sara got this, keep ya head up baby girl!
United States
#21 Sep 30, 2013
No one has commented on this thread in over a year, it had been left alone but you brought it right back to the top of the topix list! Stupid, idiotic little girl
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Dan Suzio
AGPix member since 1985
Let AGPix be the command center for your marketing endeavors. Our online catalog lets photobuyers search among more than 250,000 online images by keyword. Members' images are part of the catalog and can also be accessed directly from individual profile pages.
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Female Pine Siskin on a dead branch in
Issaquah, Washington, USA.
© Janet Horton
Issaquah, Washington, USA.
© Janet Horton


text:
Beautiful and kind Black with Brown points John mule. Trail ridden, trained English and recently started Western and neck reining. Has been shown and…$4,000
pascha is very willing qh pony cross who is ready to start furthering her training. unfortunately I have run out of the time needed to bring her to her…$500
Price reduced!**Maddie is an absolutely wonderful mare to own but unfortunately life circumstance have com up and I need to offer her for sale. shes currently…$5,500
Prim is a 4 year old chestnut thoroughbred mare started under saddle. No soundness issues or health issues of any kind. I am only selling due to my personal…$2,000
This lovely young mare has wonderful motion, and good conformation & attitude to make a great country english/endurance performer. She is 'homozygous'…$14,500
Rocky is a great horse that would be amazing barrel horse. He knows leg pressures and is very light on the mouth. He side passes also. He is 9 years old…$2,500
7 year old mare is an all around good horse. She does western pleasure and English. She has been shown both. She is registered but the last person that…$3,000
Johara is a big, pretty STRAIGHT EGYPTIAN black-producing mare. She has a pretty face with a long elegant neck; she has a nice topline with wonderful motion…$6,500


text:
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Two of the most powerful films of 2008, movies that stay with you long after their final credits roll by, are out this week on DVD.READ more
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By the time there's a crack in the river, it's clear that something has to give in both Ray and Lila's lives.READ more
18 Sep 2008 // 11:00 PM
Just when you start worrying about the state of American movies, and wondering whether the business is going to swandive into irrelevance, along comes something as vital and jolting as Frozen River.READ more
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Too often burdened by its own symbolism, Frozen River is buoyed by Melissa Leo's nuanced performance.READ more
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This business has CLOSEDReport as open? »
Ridge Club
5839 Ridge Club Loop,
Orlando, FL 32839
(407) 352-7283
Business Details
- BBB Rating:
- General Info:
- We've got your "must haves†checklist covered at Ridge Club Apartments for rent in Southwest Orlando, Florida, just minutes away from International Drive, Universal Studios, Walt Disney World, The Mall at Millenia, Festival Bay Mall and Premium Outlet Orlando. Enjoy easy access to Interstate 4, the 408 Expressway and the Florida Turnpike. Choose from one, two and three bedroom floor plans offering in-home laundry rooms and large walk-in closets. At Ridge Club Apartments, take advantage of our complimentary amenities such as swimming pool with free Wi-Fi, fitness center and multiple playgrounds. We're pet-friendly too! Experience the many benefits of this Southwest Orlando, Florida apartment community. At Ridge Club, we bring comfort, convenience, and affordability home.
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Phone: (407) 352-3714
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- Central Heat and Air Conditioning
- Dishwasher
- Garbage Disposal
- Ceiling Fan
- Full Size Washer / Dryer Available
- Other Link:
- Category:
- Apartments


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Australian fast bowler Peter Siddle, left, celebrates dismissing Sri Lankan batsman Angelo Mathews on yesterday's first day of the second Test between Australia and Sri Lanka at the Melbourne Cricket Ground in Melbourne, Australia.Dec 27, 2012FULL STORY
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