text:
|Publication number
|Publication type
|Application number
|Publication date
|Nov 14, 2006
|Filing date
|Jun 25, 2004
|Priority date
|Apr 23, 1999
|Fee status
|Also published as
|Publication number
|Vadim Bondarev, Eric Richard Brooks
|Original Assignee
|System To Asic, Inc.
|Export Citation
|BiBTeX, EndNote, RefMan
|Patent Citations (16), Classifications (11), Legal Events (2)
|External Links: USPTO, USPTO Assignment, Espacenet
This application is a continuation of, and claims priority benefit of U.S. patent application Ser. No. 09/547,446, filed Apr. 12, 2000 now U.S. Pat. No. 6,826,369, entitled "Intelligent Sensor Platform", which is currently pending and claims priority benefit of provisional patent application Ser. No. 60/130,907 filed Apr. 23, 1999, entitled "Intelligent Sensor Platform (ISP) with Contact and Non-Contact Remote Control and Programming", both naming Vadim Bondarev and Eric Brooks as inventors. These applications are hereby incorporated by reference as if disclosed fully herein.
This invention relates generally to the field of sensors. More particularly, in certain embodiments, this invention relates to industrial sensors such as optical, magnetic, capacitive, inductive, etc.
There are many applications for sensors such as photoelectric sensors. These devices are used in many industrial applications to detect, for example, the presence or absence of a part on an assembly line. Such devices might, for example, incorporate a photoelectric transmitter and receiver which detects the presence or absence of varying amounts of light transmitted from the transmitter and received by the receiver as an indication of the presence or absence or type of the part on the assembly line. In other examples, an inductive sensor might incorporate an excitation oscillator (transmitter) and a receiver which detects the presence or absence or change in frequency of varying amounts of magnetic field originated by the transmitter.
In the industrial environment, there are many applications for such devices. Each application, in general, must be individually engineered and adjusted so that it functions properly within the parameters of the installation. For example, for a given transmitter output level, a small amount of receiver gain is needed in order to detect an object which is only a short distance away from the sensor. However, much larger receiver gain is required to detect the same object farther away from the sensor. Additional adjustments may be required to account for differences in size and background of the object and throughout the life of the sensor to compensate for the effects of the operating environment.
In conventional sensor systems, these gains are often adjusted by manual adjustment of a potentiometer. Unfortunately, in harsh industrial environments, these potentiometers can become dirty or noisy. Moreover, the potentiometers are frequently damaged by over or under adjustment and are prone to drift with time, component aging, vibration, etc. Furthermore, the fact that access to the sensors is required for routine adjustment can lead to a compromise in sensor location from the perspective of performance or safety. In some applications, significant system down time can be required to safely perform routine sensor adjustment and maintenance. Computer controlled sensors can be utilized to ameliorate some of these issues. However, the cost and size of computer controlled sensors has lead to poor acceptance in the marketplace.
The current state of the art in intelligent sensor architecture can be summarized in two approaches: 1) microcontroller based sensor units made to interface to discrete elements directly, creating high component count, fault susceptible, noise sensitive units; and 2) microcontroller based units made to interface to industry standard stand-alone ASICs, providing, inflexible component intensive solution with minimum 'system visibility'.
Currently, the sensor market is dominated by large and expensive to manufacture sensor devices which are application specific (i.e. no onboard microcontroller control). Over the last few years there has been a slow introduction of microcontroller controlled sensors which offer few additional features over the older type sensors but at significant price/size premiums. With the exception of the microcontroller these sensors are architecturally equivalent to their predecessors. Both types of the sensor families provide support for a variety of features, but they do so by providing a host of sensor models individually tailored to the application with a minimum number of user programmable configuration options and with a price structure based on the overall volume associated with each model. Since the cost of these units is also volume dependent market penetration of non essential features tends to be limited. Furthermore, custom feature sets that might be desirable by some users require significant engineering to produce limiting the economic attractiveness of small volume users.
The present invention overcomes many of these problems by providing a low cost flexible sensor architecture as will be described hereinafter.
The present invention relates generally to electronic sensor devices. Objects, advantages and features of the invention will become apparent to those skilled in the art upon consideration of the following detailed description of the invention.
In one exemplary embodiment of the present invention a sensor circuit operates under control of a controller circuit. The sensor circuit includes a front end circuit which receives an input signal from a sensor and amplifies the input signal to produce an amplified signal therefrom. A demodulator receives the amplified signal and converts the amplified signal to a digital signal. An interface circuit is coupled to the controller and relays operational parameters and commands from the controller to the demodulator and the front end circuit. An output circuit produces an output signal in response to commands from the controller.
A method of controlling a sensor operation to detect an event in accordance with an embodiment of the invention, includes in a controller, driving a sensor transmitter and acquiring sensor state information from an interface circuit at timed intervals; conducting an analysis of the sensor state information in the controller to determine if the event has occurred; and if the event is deemed by the controller to have occurred, taking a programmed action.
A method of controlling the operation of a sensor circuit in accordance with another exemplary embodiment of the invention includes providing an optical transmitter coupled to an output of the sensor circuit; providing an optical receiver coupled to an input of the sensor circuit; transmitting status information to a remote controller via the optical transmitter; and receiving optical information from the remote controller via the optical receiver.
A method of adjusting a sensor parameter in accordance with another embodiment of the invention includes detecting a first actuation of a switch for a period of time, said first actuation of the switch enabling an adjustment mode; detecting subsequent actuations of the switch occurring within a time window; and adjusting a sensor parameter in accordance with a switch actuation occurring within said time window.
A method of communication with a sensor using an optical remote controller in accordance with another exemplary embodiment of the invention includes receiving a sequence of light pulses from the optical remote controller representing a password; comparing the password with a stored reference password; and if the password equals the stored reference password, receiving a sequence of light pulses from the optical remote controller representing a first data word.
A method of manufacturing a sensor device according to an embodiment of the invention includes interfacing a controller circuit to a transceiver circuit, the transceiver circuit including a front end circuit; connecting a sensor to the front end circuit; and transmitting programming information to the sensor device through the sensor to establish operational characteristics of the sensor device.
The intelligent sensor platform as described in this summary and hereinafter is described in exemplary embodiments primarily using optical LED transmitter and receiver. However, the present platform is extremely flexible and can be used with other types of sensors such as audible, inductive, capacitive, ultrasonic, microwave, RF or other sensor types without departing from the invention.
The features of the invention believed to be novel are set forth with particularity in the appended claims. The invention itself however, both as to organization and method of operation, together with objects and advantages thereof, may be best understood by reference to the following detailed description of the invention, which describes certain exemplary embodiments of the invention, taken in conjunction with the accompanying drawing in which:
While this invention is susceptible of embodiment in many different forms, there is shown in the drawings and will herein be described in detail specific embodiments, with the understanding that the present disclosure is to be considered as an example of the principles of the invention and not intended to limit the invention to the specific embodiments shown and described. In the description below, like reference numerals are used to describe the same, similar or corresponding parts in the several views of the drawing.
Referring now to
The architecture of the ISP 100 is designed in such a way, as to take advantage of the inherent flexibility offered by an on-board microcontroller 120, while making good use of speed and efficiency offered by a custom silicon ASIC (Application Specific Integrated Circuit) implementation of transceiver 110 in the preferred embodiment. The transceiver 110 provides microcontroller 120 with direct access to, and control of, virtually all aspects of the physical interface. An embedded hardware sequencer reduces the microcontroller 120's interface to the transceiver 110 to a fully synchronous bi-directional bus. The simplicity of this interface, allows transceiver 110 to transfer the complete status of the physical interface and receive new configuration programming within a single bus cycle, thus allowing microcontroller 120 to have virtual real time control and monitoring of the physical interface. The synchronous nature of the interface reduces microcontroller 120 performance requirements by eliminating the need for interrupts or dedicated interface protocols. Integration of signal amplification, demodulation and direct fault output control, further simplifies minimum operating requirements for microcontroller 120, by eliminating the need for A/D and brown out protection required in other architectures. As the result of the above arrangement the ISP 100 is able to achieve all its performance objective while utilizing some of the simplest, smallest and least expensive processors on the market.
Communication between transceiver 110 and microcontroller 120 is accomplished, as previously described, via three (3) wire bi-directional serial interface between the microcontroller 120 and a microcontroller interface block 126. The direction of communication is established via a WrRd (write/read) line. The Write cycle (WrRd=H) allows the microcontroller 120 to configure the transceiver 110 for desired operation, while the Read cycle permits the microcontroller 120 to transceiver 110 through its acquisition cycle and read the resulting real time status of the transceiver 110.
The transceiver 110 includes a front end block 130 which operates under the control of control signals on lines 132 from microcontroller interface block 126 to receive inputs from the input terminal 134 and provide amplification to the input. Other processing such as, for example, bandpass, high pass or low pass filtering could also be provided in front end block 130 along with amplification. The amplifiers can provide, for example, linear, logarithmic, or other types of programmable gain and bandwidth functions in equal or unequal increments.
The output from front end block 130 goes to a demodulator block 136 which operates under the control of microcontroller interface block 126. Demodulator block 136 applies threshold detection to the analog signal provided by front end block 130. Microcontroller interface block 126 can be used via control from micro-controller 120 to establish thresholds for signal levels coming from front-end block 130. Information in the demodulator block 136 is digitized and stored via the interface 140 within latches in microcontroller interface block 126 and is available to the microcontroller 120 during the Read cycle so that this information can be accessed when requested by microcontroller 120.
Microcontroller interface block 126 also holds registers of information for output block 146 and driver block 150. Output block 146 can be used to drive one or more output lines such as 152 and 156 in any manner determined useful for the individual deployment of the ISP 100 at hand. For example, outputs 152 and 156 can drive NPN transistors or PNP transistors which in turn control relays or the like in order to implement an industrial process such as starting or stopping a motor, sounding an alarm, incrementing a counter or taking other suitable action. Control for output lines 152 and 156 are provided to output block 146 via an interface 160.
Driver block 150 is connected via an interface 166 to the microcontroller interface block 126. Driver block 150 drives one or more transmitter channel outputs such as 170 which can be used to apply a stimulus to a transmitter device such as a LED diode, or other transmitter compatible with the receiver device connected to terminal 134 (e.g. a magnetic, capacitive, photoelectric, microwave, etc.). Microcontroller 120 may also provide output signals shown as indicator one 174 and indicator N 180 which can be used to drive indicators or take any other programmable action within the capabilities of microcontroller 120.
The output block 146 can be designed to have multiple channels of output (for example two channels in the current implementation, but this should not be considered limiting). Using the example of two output channels, the output block may receive input signals from 160 connected to latches or flip flop outputs within the micro interface block 126. These inputs can drive driver circuits for providing output suitable for driving NPN or PNP transistors at 152 or 156 respectively. Using known circuit design techniques, the output can be configured under program control to provide complimentary or independent output dependent upon sensor condition and the state of the transceiver 110. The outputs 152 and 156, it should be noted, are controlled entirely by the microcontroller 110 based upon any desired set of conditions which can be programmed into the microcontroller, including, the states of the demodulator block 136 outputs after processing by any desired algorithm implemented in the microcontroller 120. Thus, for example, the microcontroller 110 could be programmed to produce an output at 152 only after a particular one or both thresholds have been exceeded for five consecutive clock cycles, or meets any other suitable condition based upon time and the input signal's state in comparison with the established thresholds.
In certain embodiments, it might be desirable to drive a transmitting device such as a light emitting diode with a signature modulation scheme. If this is desired, it is implemented using driver block 150 under the command of micro-controller 120 via interface 122. Indicators 174 and 180 may for example be a pair of light emitting diodes of differing colors with one indicating the presence of power and another indicating detection of a signal at 134. However, this is not to be limiting since such indicators can represent anything which can be programmed in microcontroller 120.
The transceiver 110 is preferably implemented as an Application Specific Integrated Circuit (ASIC) or custom integrated circuit to minimize size, cost and parts count in the overall system. The microcontroller 120 can be any commercially suitable microcontroller which suits the particular application at hand, such as, for example, the commercially available PIC12CE5xx series of microcontrollers available from Microchip Technology Inc., 2355 W. Chandler Blvd., Chandler, Ariz., USA 85224-6199. This series of microcontroller is particularly advantageous in many applications due to low cost, on board memory and clock, three line bidirectional interface, and RISC architecture having only thirty three instructions to learn.
Referring now to
In the present embodiment, four bits are used to control the gain of amplifier 184. These bits are stored as G0–G3 in configuration registers of the interface block 126 and conveyed to front end block 130 via connection 132 to select the appropriate gain of amplifier 184 in front end block 130. Values of G0–G3 can be set by microcontroller 120 under program control or manual adjustment to select the desired gain characteristics for the front end block. The values of G0–G3 can be stored in registers programmed by the microcontroller 120 within the microcontroller interface block 126 to set and maintain the gain.
In one embodiment of the invention, the pushbutton momentary contact switch 128 of
Referring now to
Output drive two (2) enable bit
Output drive one (1) enable bit
Detection threshold 1
Detection threshold 2
LED drive enable bit
Gain adjust bit 0 (Least significant bit)
Gain adjust bit 1
Gain adjust bit 2
Gain adjust bit 3 (Most significant bit)
Read cycle (WrRd=L) allows microcontroller 120 to control the timing of an internal controller state machine 220. The internal controller state machine 220 is responsible for the overall operation of the transceiver 110, including control of the operational sequence (via controller state machine 220), configuration register update (TABLE 1), and status registers (TABLE 2) serial output sequence. Of course, those skilled in the art will appreciate that the present clock cycle and bit assignments of TABLE 2 and TABLE 1 can be modified as desired to adapt the sensor's operation to other conditions. That is, for example, a two, three or eight cycle clock could be used in other embodiments or additional information can be shifted into or out of the microcontroller interface block 126 in other embodiments without departing from the invention.
Short circuit detector
Short circuit detector
Excess gain one (1) detector
Excess gain two (2) detector.
The internal states of the controller state machine 220 change on each negative transition of the clock signal CLK. The signal CLK is provided as a divided clock signal from the microcontroller's internal clock and is under complete programming control from the microcontroller 120. Each state is valid throughout the duration of a given clock cycle. The clock cycles do not have to be equal or symmetrical, thus providing microcontroller 120 with direct control of the LED pulse and Hold interval duration, allowing optimum signal recovery for a chosen Front End bandwidth.
TABLE 3 below shows the operational state for each clock cycle.
CLK cycle
Internal operation
Sample front end output.
LED drive ON.
LED drive OFF. Sample front end output. Double
latch OUT1 and OUT2.
During a read cycle, the microcontroller takes the WR/RD line high. This is received by the controller state machine 220 which switches, using switches 226, the desired information onto the Data line of 122. In this example, during the first two cycles, a signal from the output block 146 (SHORT) is passed to the data line as an indication of whether or not a short circuit condition exists in either of the output lines OUT1 or OUT2. Since OUT1 and OUT2 are under control of the microcontroller 120, the microcontroller can determine which output has a short condition and take remedial action if needed (e.g. turn off the output, or analyze the situation to determine if the situation is transient or presents a danger of damage to the output transistors). During the third clock cycle, the switch 226 is directed by controller state machine 220 to switch the contents of latch 232 containing the signal LGX1 to the data line to be read by the microcontroller 120. Similarly, during the fourth clock cycle, the switch 226 is directed by controller state machine 220 to switch the contents of latch 236 containing the signal LGX2 to the data line to be read by the microcontroller 120. The signals LGX1 and LGX2 are the outputs of two threshold detectors from demodulator block 136.
The output signals OUT1 and OUT2 as well as LEDEN (LED ENable) are under the direct control of the microcontroller 120 as are the gain control bits G0–G3 and two threshold set bits HGX1 and HGX2. Each of these signals is loaded into shift register 204 during the write cycle established by the microcontroller 120. The LEDEN signal enables driver block 150. The driver block 150 provides a line driver amplifier 240 for driving an output such as a transistor switch for turning on and off an LED transmitter at the LEDSRC terminal. The input to the line driver amplifier 240 can be a simple DC level (e.g. from an internal 1.25 volt voltage regulator) which causes the output LEDSCR to go high when the amplifier is enabled, or it can be a more complex signal as required to drive an LED or other transmitter transducer in a more complex mode of operation. Although the signal is labeled as an LED enable signal, this should not be considered limiting, since this signal, under the control of microcontroller 120, can be used for driving any number of devices including audio, photoelectric, ultrasonic, microwave, capacitive, magnetic, etc. sensors transmitters. The LEDFB terminal can be used to provide a feedback signal from the external circuit being driven.
Referring now to
Referring now to
HGX1 Threshold
HGX1 = High
HGX1 = Low
HGX2 Threshold
HGX2 = High
HGX2 = Low
By use of the programmable hysteresis in cooperation with the programmable gain of the front end block, the microcontroller 120 makes intelligent decisions under program control using any suitable algorithm to determine if specified conditions have been met. For example, the combination of a lower threshold output followed by a higher threshold output within a specified time with the higher threshold output having a specified duration can be used as a positive indication of the occurrence of a specified event. In other applications, multiple thresholds can be used as an indication of performance degradation. For example, failure to meet a higher threshold might indicate a dirty lens on an optical sensor or deteriorating output or misalignment from a transmitting device.
Referring now to
The read cycle repeats itself in this embodiment for seven consecutive cycles with the LED drive signal LEDEN (or LEDDR) being driven during the second of every four clock cycles as shown in
Referring again to
With reference to
Referring now to
If at 330, a valid password is not received, the data buffer is cleared at 350 and control returns to 322. If at 334 the system is waiting for data verification, then the sensor is loaded with new settings which are saved in non-volatile memory at 356 and control passes back to 322.
Referring to
If at 420, sensor status/settings are not currently displayed, the sensor is queried at 450. If no sensor is present at 452 control returns to 404. If a sensor is present at 452, the sensor settings are displayed at 458 and control returns to 404. If at 408, the inactivity timer has timed out, control passes to 470 where the sensor status/setting display is turned off. Control is then passed back to 404.
Referring now to
In greater detail, remote programming can be readily implemented in certain embodiments of the present invention to provide non-contact bi-directional communication between a remote control and a sensor. In the present implementation, the remote control function set includes, but is not limited to, the following functions: upload and display of sensor status and all user programmable settings; adjustment and download of existing sensor parameters with minimal interruption to normal sensor operation; settings, adjustments, and queries performed on sensors where access to adjustment controls is difficult or where no external controls/indicators are available; reduction or removal of external controls and/or indicators from sensor configuration for cost reduction and a decrease in environmental protection constraints; display of sensor parameters/status which cannot normally be displayed with typical sensor resources; transmit and receive sensor data with same elements used for sensing; and, communication with sensors using either synchronous or asynchronous modulation/demodulation.
One embodiment of remote programming for the ISP 100 uses the existing sensor photoelements to communicate with and control a synchronous photoelectric sensor. A programming operation queries the sensor, displays the current settings, then allows adjustment based on the reported settings. Some of the parameters that can be controlled and displayed by the remote are shown in TABLE 5 below.
Adjust/Indicate on
Lt/Dk Operate (i.e. polarity
of output LED drive)
Complementary Output
Mirrored Output Mode
Alarm Output Mode
Gx/Beam Status Indication
Indicator only (Select with
On Delay
Off Delay
The implemented communication protocol minimizes overhead in sensor code space and normal operation execution time through use of existing drivers for communication and receiving data in the normal operating loop without interruption to sensing functions. The protocol also provides a high level of data security with extensive password requirements, preventing parameter corruption or interruption of normal sensor operation from false entry into program mode in a noisy environment.
While the programmer is establishing communications by sending the required password and data bytes, sensor operation remains unaffected as illustrated in
The communication sequence for this embodiment is as follows. Two commands, query, and parameter load are used by the remote to receive and send data. When the remote receives a user input at 404 of
The data structure used is as follows:
Zero Word
One Word
IF Query Command THEN Data Byte 1
IF Parameter Load Command THEN Data Byte 1
Gain 1
Gain 0
Data Byte 2
On dly
On dly
On dly
On dly
On dly
dly 8
dly 7
dly 6
Data Byte 3
Off dly
Off dly
Off dly
Off dly
Off dly
dly 8
dly 7
dly 6
The sensor LED pulse pattern provides a unique signature which allows the remote to track and synchronize with the sensor. The remote programmer monitors the pattern and timing of the transmitted source LED pulse train. At a predefined moment in the sensor pulse train pattern the sensor opens a compare window to allow remote communications. The window 800 as shown in
During normal operation sensor opens detection window 800 at a given point during each period of a sensing cycle which allows a single bit of the multi bit password and data to be transmitted by the remote without interrupting sensor operation (1 bit per sensor period). Sensor operation does not get interrupted until a complete password plus data is received and the password is verified.
Referring to
In an application where sensor operation cannot be interrupted during any phase of remote programming, the protocol can be modified to perform bit transmission during the time in the sensor loop when data is received. This implementation requires greater code overhead and increase data transmission time.
While the embodiment described uses a photoelectric transmitter and receiver for communication between the remote and the sensor, many variations are possible. For example: an Inductive ISP based sensor with an inductive element used for remote programming; an inductive ISP based sensor can include an optical interface for remote programming; a capacitive ISP based sensor with capacitive element used for remote programming; a capacitive ISP based sensor with optical interface can be used for remote programming; a passive Infrared ISP based sensor with existing photodetector and additional LED used for remote programming; a passive Infrared ISP based sensor with optical interface used for remote programming; an ultrasonic ISP based sensor with ultrasonic transducer used for remote programming; an ultrasonic ISP based sensor with optical interface for remote programming; an RF ISP based sensor with existing RF elements used for remote programming; an RF ISP based sensor with optical interface for remote programming; etc.
Referring to
If at 420, sensor status/settings are not currently displayed, the sensor is queried at 450. If no sensor is present at 452 control returns to 404. If a sensor is present at 452, the sensor settings are displayed at 458 and control returns to 404. If at 408, the inactivity timer has timed out, control passes to 470 where the sensor status/setting display is turned off. Control is then passed back to 404.
Referring now to
ISP 100 provides the user with a wide range of novel interface options such as: remote control (discussed above); multi-mode digital push-button control; and multi-mode LED feedback display. Digital push-button 128 or push-buttons can be employed to program all of the same ISP features that are accessible by the remote control. An LED on the ISP 100 for example driven by the indicator output 174 can be used to provide user with the visual feedback as to which feature is being accessed and particular level or state of the feature in the programming cycle. As one example the user can program sensor sensitivity, with an LED flashing rate providing proportional feedback that reflects sensor sensitivity setting. As another example, in a secure environment the user might be required to input programming sequences within particular time intervals, which will be indicated (timed out) by on board LED display.
TABLE 6 below summarizes a form of push-button programming which can be provided via switch 128.
Single Click
IF Adjust mode Indication inactive:
(t < 1 sec)
Activate Gain display mode (overrides Pwr/SC display)
No gain adjustment
Start 4 sec gain indication hold timer
ELSE IF Gain Indication Active:
Step gain register according to gain direction flag
Restart 4 sec gain indication hold timer
Gain register will freeze at max/min setting until update
direction is changed by sustained switch depression
ELSE IF Output mode Indication Active:
Toggle output mode between Normal (Cmpl/Mirror) and
Restart 4 sec Output mode indication hold timer
IF Gain Indication inactive:
Activate Gain display mode (overrides Pwr/SC display)
(1 sec < t < 4
No gain adjustment
No direction change
Start 4 sec gain indication hold timer
ELSE IF Gain Indication Active:
Reverse current gain step direction
No gain adjustment
Restart 4 sec gain indication hold timer
IF Output mode Indication inactive:
Activate Output setting display mode (overrides
(t > 4 sec)
Beam/Out display)
No output mode change
Start 4 sec output mode indication hold timer
Output mode Indication Active:
Toggle output mode between Normal (Cmpl/Mirror) and
Restart 4 sec Output mode indication hold timer
Gain direction is left in current state, then set to
increment following 32 sec of inactivity
Gain display mode disabled following 4 sec of inactivity
On Power-Up Gain direction is set to increment
The indicator lines 174 and 180 from microcontroller 120 can be used to drive two LEDs to provide feedback to the user on the programming operation. The operation of the LEDs can, for example, be programmed as shown in TABLE 7 below:
Sig < Gx1
Indicator 1 off
Gx1 ≦ Sig <
Indicator 1 Flashing, Dim/Bright
Sig ≧ Gx2
Indicator 1 On, Bright
Indicator 2 On, Bright
Short Circuit
Indicator 2 Flashing, On/Off
Gain setting
Indicator 2 Flashing, Dim/Bright proportional to setting
Solid Dim at min gainSolid Bright at max gainGain
indication remains active 4 sec following last switch
Gain indication over rides Pwr/SC indication
The remote control feature of the present invention is a feature which is normally only available in high end sensor devices costing 20 to 100 times more than the present ISP 100 to manufacture. Moreover, such programmable devices are typically quite large (8–10 times the size of ISP) sensors. Due to the large size and cost of such sensors its market penetration has been insignificant. ISP allows factory or field remote programming and control with the same hardware platform, at the same manufacturing cost as non programmable ISP models.
The following functions currently can be placed under remote control using embodiments of the present invention: I/O Logic and Timing, complimentary, Mirror, Alarm, Delays, any other output function, sensitivity, Detection Threshold, LED strengths, Detection Hysteresis, response time. processing filter profile, indicator LED functional profile, sensor profile opposed or synchronous, windowing thresholds, Teach/Learn mode selections. The ability of ISP to offer remote programmability in small, inexpensive package makes penetration of remote control into sensor market practical and attractive for both manufacturers and users.
Thus the architecture of the ISP is designed in such a way, as to take maximum advantage of inherent flexibility offered by an on-board microcontroller 120, while making best use of speed and efficiency offered by custom silicon (transceiver 110). The transceiver 110 provides microcontroller 120 with direct access to, and control of, all aspects of physical interface. Embedded hardware sequencer reduces microcontroller 120 to transceiver 110 interface to a fully synchronous bi-directional bus. The simplicity of interface, allows transceiver 110 to transfer complete status of the physical interface and receive its new configuration programming within a single bus cycle, thus allowing microcontroller 120 to have real time control and monitor of the physical interface. Synchronous nature of the interface reduces microcontroller 120 performance requirements by eliminating the need for interrupts or dedicated interface protocols. Integration of signal amplification and demodulation and direct fault output control, further simplifies minimum operating requirements for microcontroller 120, by eliminating the need for A/D and brown out protection. As the result of the above optimization ISP is able to achieve all its performance objective while utilizing the simplest, smallest and least expensive processors on the market.
The architecture of the ISP 100 of the present invention has dramatic size and manufacturing cost improvement over known alternatives and, by virtue of microcontroller 120 control, provides a flexible platform for a single device to provide multiple cost and size effective applications. It is anticipated that the present invention's sensor control capabilities can be substantially enhanced in other embodiments. For example, the configuration registers can be expanded and enhanced to include without limitation, drive levels, detection threshold, excitation frequency, short circuit/overload levels, indicator status, and variable hysteresis settings to name but a few. The status register options could also be expanded and enhanced without limitation by, for example, multiple levels of detection, noise magnitude, noise profile, A/D conversion, device ID. Those skilled in the art will recognize that other such enhancements are possible without departing from the present invention.
Many variations for use of the present platform are possible. For example, consider
Those skilled in the art will understand that multiple channels can be provided for on the transceiver 110 or can be implemented off the transceiver as multiplexer circuitry. Many other possible variations in sensor configuration are possible by use of the current architecture. Moreover, those skilled in the art will understand that although the present invention has been disclosed in terms of use of an optical remote controller, other types of remote control could be implemented. For example, inductive or capacitive sensor systems could readily use an inductively coupled or capacitively coupled remote controller. Similarly, RF, microwave, optical and magnetic control and sensor configurations can be mixed and matched depending upon the particular advantages each might provide in any particular application. Thus, the present invention contemplates any combination of sensor and remote control configurations.
Thus, the present invention has many advantages. Reduced inventory is possible due to the fact that identical ISP based sensors can be programmed with different personality to serve different purposes. The personality of the device can be programmed at the time of shipment. Since all devices are in the fact the same model with different program code, substantial economies of scale can be achieved. There is a low external component count which keeps the overall manufacturing cost of the ISP based sensor devices low.
The ISP 100's architectural efficiency provides minimum cost, minimum size solution to the limitations of the currently available sensors, while offering to the supplier access to previously unavailable market opportunities. ISP supports Standard, Enhanced and Advanced feature sets via software personality modules, rather than hardware modifications. Thus, the manufacturing cost of ISP based sensors is independent of the feature set. The ISP 100 based sensor addresses requirements of the end users even in their smallest volumes with no manufacturing cost penalty. The manufacturing margin of such units is generally higher, since the user perceives additional value in the custom feature set. Additionally, small size of ISP and its remote programmability allows it to be placed in the environments where standard adjustability/configuration approaches are not feasible or where the size requirements is such that standard solutions are not practical.
There are many advantages to the end user of ISP based sensors. Many features can be implemented at a low price. System design and debugging can be simplified by distributed processing (using multiple intelligent sensor platform based sensors operating independently). The small size simplifies mounting and fixturing. Increased personal safety for operating equipment and for troubleshooting is realized because of the ability to program the sensor in a hands-off manner using the remote control. The same wiring can be used for many different configurations. The indicator functions as well as the I/O, Timing and Logic are field programmable. Sensitivity can be adjusted using remote or push button interface. Optional windowing and learn modes can be implemented. A programmable inventory of spare or new parts can be maintained at lower overall cost than using many different types of sensors arrangements.
While the above architecture using a transceiver circuit 110 implemented as an ASIC and a separate microcontroller 120 is considered advantageous to most applications, those skilled in the art will appreciate that minor deviations from this architecture (e.g. implementing the front end block 130 or the driver block 150 or the output block 146 as circuits outside of the transceiver ASIC) may be advantageous for certain applications and are considered equivalent. While the invention has been described in conjunction with specific embodiments, it is evident that many alternatives, modifications, permutations and variations will become apparent to those skilled in the art in light of the foregoing description. Accordingly, it is intended that the present invention embrace all such alternatives, modifications and variations as fall within the scope of the appended claims.
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|Apr 23, 1996
|Fanuc Ltd.
|Diagnostic method for a real time sensor mounted on a robot
|Nov 7, 1994
|Jun 25, 1996
|Automotive Systems Laboratory, Inc.
|Calibratable optical distance sensing system and method
|Feb 26, 1996
|Jan 13, 1998
|Gewiss S.P.A.
|Electrical distribution device with preventive checking of the state of the load, particularly for civil and industrial users
|Sep 11, 1995
|Mar 24, 1998
|Baker Hughes Incorporated
|Production wells having permanent downhole formation evaluation sensors
|Feb 29, 1996
|Mar 7, 2000
|Siemens Aktiengesellschaft
|Active optical current measuring system
|Jan 23, 1998
|Jul 11, 2000
|Samsung Electronics Co., Ltd.
|Remote infrared password key system and methods for controlling the same
|Jun 14, 1999
|Jan 23, 2001
|Time Domain Corporation
|System and method for intrusion detection using a time domain radar array
|Aug 20, 1999
|Oct 30, 2001
|Pacesetter, Inc.
|Implantable stimulation device and method for determining ventricular and atrial sensitivity thresholds
|Apr 15, 1999
|Dec 17, 2002
|Nexan Limited
|Physiological sensor array
|U.S. Classification
|398/106, 398/174, 398/183
|International Classification
|Cooperative Classification
|European Classification
|Nov 19, 2009
|Fee payment
Year of fee payment: 4
|Dec 10, 2013
|Fee payment
Year of fee payment: 8


text:
Editors' note: "The
Weekly Wraparound" is an editorial roundup of links to the week's best design
stories, posted every Friday by the editorial staff of AIGA.org. For
recommendations all week long, follow us on Twitter at
Well, summer is officially over (happy equinox!) and fall is here, quite literally, as CNN reports that chunks of a satellite may be plummeting toward Earth. Better catch up quickly on our top design stories of the week:
On Design Envy, Tali Krakowsky, founder of the LA-based experience design firm Apologue and former director of experience design at Imaginary Forces and WET Design, curated a week of exciting—and sometimes bizarre (see the bikini
that doubles as a USB port)—selections showing how digital and physical spaces are
merging. What do you think of her picks? Are you seeing green too? Cast
your vote and let us know! The most popular designs will become part of a
special collection in the AIGA Design Archives.
a branch of design and innovation firm IDEO, announced its first class
of fellows. This group will work on human-centered design solutions to
global problems like poverty, hunger and gender inequality. Learn more
about the fellows and their first three projects on Core77.
rejiggered feeds caused quite a stir this week. In place of the
two-option news feed allowing you to select either "Most Recent" or
"Top Stories," now only "Top Stories"—as determined by Facebook's
algorithms—appear in the news feed, and real-time updates show up in a
smaller column, the ticker, to the right. Summing up the public reaction is the most-liked comment on
Facebook's blog post
about these changes: "Quite
frankly I don't want Facebook deciding who is most important in my
life." Users should brace themselves for more changes, which Facebook
announced at its f8 developer conference yesterday. For more on what's in store, see Wired's comprehensive report. Also, Technology Review speculates on the design mind behind these developments,
quoting a previous interview with designer Nicholas Felton, who, along with his
Daytum partner Ryan Case, went to work for Facebook earlier this year.
Chris Dixon, design director of New York magazine, is moving to Vanity Fair. As reported on Mediabistro's FishbowlNY blog: "Dixon has been with New York since 2004, and almost instantly brought
the magazine recognition for the changes he implemented." For instance,
since its 2004 redesign and relaunch the magazine has won more National
Magazine Awards than any other publication. Now that's effective design.
Update: Last week we noted the release of Fast Company's 2011 Design Issue, which included an infographic on the 50 most influential designers. This week, in a reaction to that list published on Co.Design, Emily Pilloton of Studio H and Dawn Hancock of Firebelly posed a very important question: Where's the social design?
web or not to web? It would seem that learning how to design for the web
would be a given by now, but not all designers are in agreement. Jon Tan writes in his blog post "We, Who Are Web Designers" that it has taken until now for the public to understand and appreciate
what he does for a living—as the web has grown, so has respect for
web designers. He declares that now, "This is our party." On the
flip side, Timothy Goodman explains how not designing for the web has
actually served his career well. In "An Open Letter to Graphic Design Students: Don't Follow the Web, Follow Your Heart,"
he advises developing better writing and drawing skills, and listening
to your own calling, whether it's online or off. What do you think? (For more
student-focused advice, see also Josh Berta's recent "How Do You Solve a Problem Like Design School?")
AIGA launched its first-ever competition of case studies ("Making the Case") this year, and we continually encourage designers to not just
show what they do but explain it too, we were excited to read Jeff
Gothelf's "Demystifying Design"
on A List Apart this week. He argues that designers need to "open the kimono," so to
speak, so that colleagues and clients will understand what designers do.
He writes, "Design is popularly being hailed as the savior of many
businesses yet many people don't really know what design involves." Only
through transparency will "we increase the value of our practice and of
ourselves as practitioners." Where do you stand? Do you think designers
lose their power or gain it by revealing their processes?
Anything noteworthy that we missed? Share it in the comments.
Compiled by Sue Apfelbaum and Rasika Welankiwar
Fast Company's 2011 Design Issue, selections from the "365 | Design Effectiveness" competition added to Design Archives and displayed at the AIGA National Design Center, the responsive design of BostonGlobe.com, Rule29's curation of Design Envy, the Cooper-Hewitt National Design Awards luncheon at the White House and designers' responses to 9/11 are our top stories this week.
Section: -
In response to the tragedy at Pulse, AIGA Orlando is inviting everyone to design a poster to be auctioned off, Saturday, June 25 from 2pm-8pm. All money raised will go to the families affect by the Pulse nightclub tragedy.
Attendees will be invited to pick up a pen and create simple shapes, swirls, pictures and numbers that will be reproduced as color-in postcards for Peach's Pen-Pal Project for Peach's Neet Feet.
Section: Events and Competitions
Calvino's Visiblity
Golden Tree
Charles S. Anderson
AIGAdesign (AIGA)
"Writing taught me how to visualize images in my mind" says graphic designer Nathan Pashley https://t.co/iXJAR9n0nJ https://t.co/5vYvPx1yad
11 hours ago
AIGAdesign (AIGA)
This is how designers bake cakes: https://t.co/ApHJHRNj96
+ more news on ?? on Design https://t.co/9rc4Il6HOv
13 hours ago
AIGAdesign (AIGA)
How old is 10 years in indie mag years? As their bday approaches, @apartamentomag looks back https://t.co/j8lf4UHjtE https://t.co/exzbZZdimC
Matt Rickard
AIGA AZ 2016 Town Hall Meeting survey
June 18, 2016
Show your love Arizona with a poster
June 17, 2016

subset: commoncrawl


text:
25 years before Ms Kaname, anime's IT Girl Madoka was titular whimsical heroine of Kimagure Orange Road, Madoka Ayukawa. While the once popular character doesn't get many figures these days, Wave's Beach Queen line is doing one their 1/10 scale swimsuit figures in April. She goes for 6,800yen. Get alook after the jump.
In time for New Years,Evangelion bubbly is back! Cuvee Evangelion Rei & Asuka2015 Edition Champagne Brut is being offered to close out the year that marked the TV anime's 20th anniversary. Set to be released December 14th at 32,400yen for a 750ml bottle, the package has an double door box with the Evangelion logo in gold letters, an Eva emblem and the paired heroines etched in glass with Swarovski crystal.
Universal Studios Japan is bringing back its "Cool Japan" attractions for 2016 with Evangelion The Real 4D:2.0, Attack on The Real 2, Biohazard/Resident The Escape 2, and Monster Hunter The Real, running January 15 to June 26, 2016, and joined by a new Kyary Pamyu Pamyu KAWAII World "XR Ride." The theme park's site has posted anintense looks at the Titan, Eva and Monster Hunter attractions.
Amazon Japan today posted its top-selling product lists for each category for the 12 months from November 17, 2014 to November 15, 2015. The top-selling anime disc of the year was the 1st Blu-ray volume of Mobile Suit Gundam: The Origin, while the top-selling manga was the premium edition of the 14th volume of Neon Genesis Evangelion. Check the top 10 lists after the jump.
Universal Studios Japan had a considerable hit with this year's extended run of "Universal Cool Japan" attractions. And, like any hit, there's a sequel with Evangelion The Real 4D:2.0, Attack on The Real 2, Biohazard/Resident The Escape 2, and Monster Hunter The Real, running January 15 to June 26, 2016, and joined by a new Kyary Pamyu Pamyu KAWAII World "XR Ride," featuring a 360 degree virtual reality experience set to a up-tempo music from KPP collaborator Yasutaka Nakata. New visuals offer a teaser of what to expect.
If you want to show off how big of an Evangelion fan you are but don't really like T-shirts and accessories inspired by anime or video games, underclothing might be the best path for you. A new collaboration between Radio Eva and underwear creator Radio Eva has a bright new collection of Evangelion-inspired underwear that's just as awesome as it sounds. Hit the jump to have a look!
GungHo Online Entertainment recently kicked off an enhanced Neon Genesis Evangelion collaboration in Puzzle & Dragons. The Evangelion crossover is now live once again, running from November 16 to November 29 and pitting players against nine mysterious Angels in an Evangelion-themed dungeon. Hit the jump for details.
Bandai Namco in North America and Europe has announced that PlayStation Network and Steam are now offering an Evangelion-inspired costume set for RPG Tales of Zestiria. Bundles on PSN support the Cross-buy function and can be used both for PS4 and PS3 versions. More after the jump.
Want to try out some delicious Evangelion-themed snacks? There's an awesome cafe that's opening its doors at JR Hakata Station called 500 Type Eva Café. There's a selection of Evangelion delicacies that would please anyone, from cider to pancakes to curry. Hit the jump for more!


text:
Today's Devotional
Encouragement ExchangeHow could you give encouragement to someone today?
Let's Make ItFacebook official!
Top Music Videos
joebell902's FavoritesBack to joebell902's channel.
- TobyMac - Extreme DaysTobyMac's music video for the song he made for the movie of the same name, "Extreme Days"littlefreakyman2008-03-17T00:00:0052,110 views00:04:12
- Passion of the ChristClips from Passion of the Christ with background music.demetri12008-03-17T00:00:0021,367 views00:06:51
- Awesome GodThis is a video that I created for children's worship at my church. I have created many other videos like this one. Contact me for more information. This song is by Rich Mullins and is on the Worhip Jamz 2 CD.ronikadee2008-03-17T00:00:0062,843 views00:03:14
- Hawk Nelson - Zero (Official Music Video)Hawk Nelson's music video to Zero.michaelscott12008-03-17T00:00:0035,052 views00:04:07
- cannonsstickssilverscade2010-10-01T22:18:033,181 views00:04:09


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text:
No Field Goals Made for this player
Edmund Scott Williams
Position: RB
6-2, 234lb (188cm, 106kg)
Born: July 21, 1962 in Charlotte, NC
College: Georgia (College Stats)
High School: North Mecklenburg (NC)
Draft: St. Louis Cardinals in the 9th round (244th overall) of the 1985 NFL Draft.
Learn about our new design. Give us your feedback.
The design is optimized for your phone. Give it a try.
No Field Goals Made for this player
All logos are the trademark & property of their owners and not Sports Reference LLC. We present them here for purely educational purposes. Our reasoning for presenting offensive logos.
Logos were compiled by the amazing SportsLogos.net.
Copyright © 2000-2016 Sports Reference LLC. All rights reserved.
Most data provided by 24-7 Baseball, creators of the ESPN Pro Football Encyclopedia.


text:
|Name: _________________________
|Period: ___________________
This test consists of 5 short answer questions, 10 short essay questions, and 1 (of 3) essay topics.
Short Answer Questions
1. What litters the ground in the second room of Sara-Kate's house?
2. Whom does Hillary play with after seeing Sara-Kate's house?
3. What does Hillary take with her when she leaves her house after hearing her father saw Sara-Kate?
4. How does Sara-Kate feel while eating the stolen food?
5. What does Hillary see Sara-Kate is after eating the stolen food?
Short Essay Questions
1. What renews Hillary's belief in magic when she is reunited with Sara-Kate?
2. What causes Hillary to leave Sara-Kate's house in such a hurry?
3. What does Hillary say was missing in her life when Sara-Kate was absent?
4. What stops Sara-Kate from working in the village after she and Hillary are reunited?
5. What corroborates Hillary's ideas about Sara-Kate after their meeting at night?
6. What is Hillary disappointed about when she is working in the village after being reunited with Sara-Kate?
7. Where does Hillary think Sara-Kate is after seeing the second room in the house?
8. What does Hillary think of Sara-Kate after they are reunited?
9. How does Sara-Kate describe her role in her household?
10. What shocks Hillary when hearing about Sara-Kate's role in her house?
Essay Topics
Write an essay for ONE of the following topics:
Essay Topic 1
What are some of the key examples of gratitude in this book, and how do these instances affect the characters involved in those scenes?
Essay Topic 2
Shame and propriety are common themes throughout this book. What are some of the instances where these themes are present, and why are they so important to the characters involved?
Essay Topic 3
What rules does Hillary break in this book, and how does she defend herself in these actions? Do you agree with her validation? Why or why not?
This section contains 637 words
(approx. 3 pages at 300 words per page)


text:
poem for physical therapist
poem for physical therapist
How long do you have to go to school to be a physical, A physical therapist's assistant treats patients with limited ability to move or perform daily activities, such as walking and driving. working under the supervision. Occupational/physical therapist assistant (rehab assistant, Occupational/physical therapist assistant (rehab assistant) the occupational/physical therapist assistant program is designed to prepare graduates to work as. Anne sexton - anne sexton biography - poem hunter, Anne sexton's biography and life story.an american poet, known for her highly personal, confessional verse. she won the pulitzer prize for poetry in 1967..
Will a poem a day keep the doctor away? | psychology today, The use of poetry for therapeutic purposes goes back to primitive rites in which shamans would chant poems for the welfare of an individual or the tribe, according to. Musings of a dance/movement therapist: dementia, My latest thoughts about dance, dance therapy, and dance therapy literature.. Group activities - expressive therapist, Here is a list of ideas that i have employed at various times in a mental health setting for groups of adults, children, and teens. 1. lighthouse.
Physical exercise - wikipedia, the free encyclopedia, Physical exercises are generally grouped into three types, depending on the overall effect they have on the human body: aerobic exercise is any physical activity that. How do you call yourself a mom? - family friend poems, I wrote this poem just now about my mom. and how she makes me feel. when my parents got a divorce my mom went back to her old boyfriend. and now she neglects me and. Poem about death of 25 year old son, a picture of you, By linda young 2 months ago my son died on the 8th of august 2014 from sads he was 39years old. i copied this poem onto his birthday card it says all.


text:
The Missouri Press Foundation is a tax-exempt, non-profit corporation formed in 1984, by the Missouri Press Association. "The purpose or purposes for which the corporation is organized are: exclusively for charitable, literary, or educational purposes within the meaning of section 501(c)(3) of the Internal Revenue Code of 1954 (or the corresponding provision of any future United States Internal Revenue Law) including such activities as providing journalism scholarships and faculty honorariums, conducting journalism seminars, making journalism merit awards, coordinating newspapers in education programs, collecting and preserving old printing presses and printing equipment, operating historical museums on a not for profit basis, and other journalistic activities deemed appropriate by the Board of Directors."
The Foundation conducts the annual Missouri Better Newspaper Contest to reward and encourage excellence in newspaper journalism. It operates a museum and newspaper office (circa 1850) for the general public at Arrow Rock, MO. Seminars and workshops are held on various phases of newspaper operations to improve skills of journalists. The Foundation also awards grants, awards and donations to deserving journalism students, teachers and institutions teaching journalism.
Missouri Press Foundation is supported by private contributions and memberships. Contributions come from individuals, corporations, foundations and others, both inside and outside the journalism fraternity. All donations are 100 percent deductible. The Foundation is recognized by the state and federal governments as a tax-exempt, non-profit corporation. Contact the Missouri Press Association for further information. Click here to download the Foundation Builders Brochure.
Friday July 1st
SEMO Press Association Meeting Link
Wednesday June 29th
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Tuesday June 28th
rjionline.org Link
The Sports Reporting Training Camp Workshop is July 22. Register today! | https://t.co/oWde2D1ytg https://t.co/LVgOfyHVxR
Wednesday June 29th
Beyond the numbers: How to make analytics matter in your newsroom |
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Tuesday June 28th
Thank you to those who sponsored/played in the 2016 PFGC. Your support brought in more than $5,000. Thank you! https://t.co/2DSPYWas1R
Monday June 27th
The FAA's drone rules are here: What does it mean for journalists? | https://t.co/ya82MmBFSy
Friday June 24th


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text:
programmer analyst ii jobs
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Programmer / Analyst II
Cornell University - Ithaca, NY
Prog Analyst II. Programmer/Analyst II - Band E. Institute of Biotechnology....
RPG Sr. Programmer Analyst
Rekruiters - Houston, TX
II. Based in Houston, TX, Our client is the leading manufacturing company....
Senior Integration and Security Specialist
Stony Brook University - Stony Brook, NY
Working closely with infrastructure, networking, systems staff, database administrators, programmers and analysts to implement designed requirements and assist...
Senior Programmer/Analyst (DoIT Information Systems)
Stony Brook University - Stony Brook, NY
As assigned, act as Supervising Programmer Analyst. Review and improve programs formulated by other lower level programmer analysts....
CCCS - Senior Programmer Analyst
Colorado Community College System - Denver, CO
The Senior Programmer Analyst is responsible for analyzing, designing, documenting, reviewing, and testing of complex functions, modules, and programs created...
Senior Programmer Analyst II
American National Insurance Company - Galveston, TX
At American National we put our core values of financial strength, integrity, respect, service and teamwork at the heart of everything we do. If you share
Senior Developer/Analyst
Genesis10 - Overland Park, KS
Programmer Analyst II - Mainstream. Genesis10 is seeking Senior Developer/Analyst....
Senior Biomedical Data Manager II
Genomic Health - Redwood City, CA
Masters degree in life sciences, scientific or other relevant discipline, and 1 year experience in the job offered or as a Clinical Data Manager, Clinical...
Carilion Clinic - Roanoke, VA
Support Carilion's hallmarks of service excellence and quality for all job responsibilities. The individual for this position will provide development,
Carilion Clinic - Roanoke, VA
Support Carilion`s hallmarks of service excellence and quality for all job responsibilities. The individual for this position will provide development,


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Forum indexMicro Four Thirds TalkChange forum
AF adapter for m43
Started Jul 30, 2014 | Discussions thread
Shop cameras & lenses ▾
Answell • Contributing Member • Posts: 958
AF adapter for m43
Jul 30, 2014
I recently purchased a Vil Trox AF adapter to use the older Olympus 4/3 lens on my Panasonic G5, and while it does work, it takes quite a while before the camera obtain focus. I do not know if this is normal for these adapters, so my question is: Do you know of any adapter that works better (faster) . Maybe I am expecting too much, but it sure would be nice to find one that really works.
Thanks for any suggestion
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Two people arrested in trans murder case
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Reader comments
This is exactly the type of hate crime that deserves protection under the new law being considered. I don't care if people utter anti-gay slurs but what I do care about is language that incites people to commit such heinous crimes based on a person's sexual orientation perceived or otherwise.
Indeed we do need protection – unfortunately the proposed legislation only (so far) covers sexuality not gender identity or expression. I am so sad to read of this woman's murder barely a week after our International Transgender Day Of Remembrance Vigil in Manchester, which had over 400 names on the list of the deceased.
Any case like Kellie's just reminds me how vulnerable we are. I am a TS like her and live with my girlfriend knowing that everytime we go out, the only thing that acts as a deterrent to would-be attackers is a "Hate Crime Reporting Pack"-paperwork WE have to fill in after a crime against us. What kind of legislation is that?
R.I.P. Kellie.I hope they catch these murderers see that justice is done.I hope that oneday we will not need special laws to protect us. People should not be subject to vicious attacks just because they are different, or for any reason but in the meantime transgendered people should be included in any new bill to protect minorities from such harm.I don't want to lose another sister or brother like this again. XXX
The sort fo people who would commit such a crime must be full of hate and evil. They are the sort who would hurt children and animals. Any crime commited against transgenders should be givin a
Life sentence. I am a trans myself and i know the pain we have to endure from trying to be the gender we truly are. After all she is someone daughter and deserves the right to live and be happy without predudice.
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Star Tracks
Spears gives Jonas a performance to remember at London's Wembley Arena. Plus: Kim Kardashian, Beyoncé, R-Pattz and more
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Full Verse Breaks and Chorus Breaks in both Open G position and D position for Doc Watson's classic Greenville Trestle High. Tom Adams has tabbed out the banjo breaks in different Keys so that you can either play along with the original Doc Watson recording or you can play the song in the Key of G, using the familiar Open G Tuning (gDGBD). Based on Doc's recording of Greenville Trestle High on the album "Riding The Midnight Train" and played at 93 bpm. Includes the lyrics so you can follow along and match where you are in your banjo solo with the words to the song as sung by Doc Watson. By playing these tabs and using a capo, you can place this song in any Key required by the singer in your group or jam!
What's more fun than getting to play a break on a driving, traditional bluegrass vocal number? Getting to take two breaks, of course! It's always exciting to kick off a song with your banjo knowing that you'll also be taking the final instrumental break, adding a little more flash to that second solo. Two legendary players, Earl Scruggs and J.D. Crowe, provide excellent examples of solid, straight-to-the-point breaks for Your Love Is Like a Flower. This is a popular, basic 3-chord song perfect for jamming at any tempo. Played in G Tuning in the Key of G, you can use a capo to also play these breaks in A, Bb, and B.
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Home > News > 'Nanogeek,' the man behind SUNYIT's nanotech project
November 29th, 2009
'Nanogeek,' the man behind SUNYIT's nanotech project
There's a new kind of geek in town.
One who drives a Ferrari with the license plate "DR NANO" and a supercharged Range Rover with the license tag "NANOGEEK."
One who admits that he lived "a quarter of a mile from all the bars" when he was working on his Ph.D at the University of Illinois, but "didn't know they existed."
He's Alain Kaloyeros, and geek or not, he is one of the prime movers in bringing a nanotechnology center to SUNYIT.
The center promises to bring hundreds of jobs to the Mohawk Valley and raise SUNYIT's profile significantly.
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This key role will provide inspirational leadership to drive success and outstanding performance across the department
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Topic Title: Any thoughts on purchasing through this source of LED?
Topic Summary:
Created On: 15 May 2013 03:46 AM
Status: Post and Reply
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15 May 2013 03:46 AM
Has any one purchased Link Removed as referral?
As I get towards the pointy end of my house building I am getting very short of dollars and am looking to save where ever I can, the prices on this site are very cheap compared to the LED downlight prices here in Australia. To tell the truth the down lights I was looking at from a well known Australian online store appear to be imported from China ( I have seen the same lights online in China) so why not import them myself. I am not having a go at the Australian industry but I need to save some dollars or go without lights [:-(] Any thoughts on purchasing through this source.
15 May 2013 09:44 AM
In my limited experience LEDs are a minefield. I have not tried direct importation, I have enough problems buying from my local wholesaler and I have not been going for the cheapest. One of my customers gave up on the ones I was supplying, two out of three were failing after 15 months in his existing fittings, as he could get Philips LEDs from internet suppliers for not a lot more than I was charging. I will now only fit the ones from known large suppliers with appropriate guarantees. Many LEDs look the same but the quality of the control components inside appears to be crucial with many failing after 12 months or less often due to poor heat dissipation.
If you import direct you will get the cheapest price but you also take the risk on quality, it all depends on how high your risk vs price threshold is.
Good luck
15 May 2013 09:55 AM
You might be interested in this Wiring Matters article: http://electrical.theiet.org/w...rfeiting.cfm?type=pdf
- my reading of it is that there's "made in China" (outsourced by reputable companies, with some degree of proper design, quality control and checking) and there's "made in China" (complete bodge - might look (very convincingly) like the real thing, but is 'unbelievably cheap' for a very believable reason).
- Andy.
15 May 2013 03:48 PM
Buy from a reputable manufacturer. Most will give a 5 year guarantee.
And try to get samples before you buy, or at least check the lumen output. They are not a like for like item with regard to Wattage.
FuseTalk Standard Edition v3.2 - © 1999-2016 FuseTalk Inc. All rights reserved.


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By Casey Harper
The Phoenix City Council has decided to give up the practice of praying before meetings out of fear a Satanic group will participate in the tradition.
The council voted 5-4 Wednesday to replace its regular pre-meeting prayer with a simple moment of silence, the Arizona Republic reports. The kerfuffle began when Phoenix residents learned that a local Satanic Temple got on the prayer schedule for a Feb. 17 meeting. At the time, the Council allowed anyone to join the religious practice.
But the Satanic group's upcoming prayer caused a stir as residents complained to the Phoenix officials. Some council members feared that revoking the invitation could lead to a lawsuit, so they cancelled the tradition altogether.
Prayers before government meetings have long been a source of legal fighting. The Supreme Court ruled in May 2014 in Town of Greece v. Galloway that prayers are allowed before local government meetings, but only if the prayers are not given by elected officials, don't discriminate against any faith and do not coerce people into prayer. Some council members feared revoking the Satanists' invitation would violate the discrimination aspect of the law.
"The prayer was intended to place town board members in a solemn and deliberative frame of mind, invoke divine guidance in town affairs, and follow a tradition practiced by Congress and dozens of state legislatures," Supreme Court Justice Anthony Kennedy wrote in the court's opinion.
Many local residents were upset that the Satanists gained the upper hand.
"This is what that Satanist group wants," Councilman Sal DiCiccio said. "A moment of silence is basically a banning of prayer. It's to agree to the Satanic goal to ban prayer."
Follow Casey on Twitter.
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