text:
|Publication number
|Publication type
|Publication date
|Mar 25, 1969
|Filing date
|Jul 3, 1967
|Priority date
|Jul 3, 1967
|Publication number
|Hall John R
|Original Assignee
|Hall John R
|Export Citation
|BiBTeX, EndNote, RefMan
|Patent Citations (5), Referenced by (11), Classifications (8)
|External Links: USPTO, USPTO Assignment, Espacenet
March 25, 1969 J. R. HALL 3,434,294
METHOD AND APPARATUS FOR FORMING CONCRETE FILES Filed July 5, 1967 65 w 70 F164 w M JOHN R. HATZENTPB ATTOR NEYS United States Patent US. Cl. 61-53.6 Claims ABSTRACT OF THE DISCLOSURE A method of removing steel casing from caissons or piles as an incident to forming the piles, which includes the steps of hermetically sealing the installed casing adjacent to the bottom thereof and then pumping a column of concrete to the underside of the hermetically sealed casing, utilizing the energy of the elevation head and the pressure head to raise the casing at the rate at which the concrete is being pumped into the hole defined by the casing; and apparatus for carrying out this method.
Background of the invention In order to remove the steel casing from a caisson or pile, it is the conventional practice today to use a large crane to provide the force required to overcome the adhesion of the soil to the sides of the casing. Removal of the casing in this manner is very difiicult, and in some instances it is necessary to leave the casing in place, which represents a sizeable loss because of the relatively high cost of steel casing of this type. To further complicate this type of operation, concrete must be placed in the hole at a rate such that the level of the concrete remains above the bottom of the casing in order to prevent the sides of the hole from caving in. Even when the above conditions are fulfilled; there is no assurance that the sides will not cave in and ruin the caisson by pinching off a section of the concrete.
Efforts have been made in the past to provide other arrangements for removing the steel casings during the forming of concrete piles. One such method and apparatus is disclosed in United States Patent Nos. 754,375 and 754,376, granted Mar. 8, 1904 to W. C. Lyon. These patents teach a method of operation wherein a steel casing is initially filled with concrete, after which a cap is secured to the top of the casing and fluid under pres sure is introduced between the top of the concrete and the bottom of the casing cap, and sufficient pressure is applied to cause the casing to be withdrawn from the hole. This procedure has proved to be unsatisfactory, particularly where the concrete piles involved extend a substantial distance into the ground.
In the process proposed by Lyon, the fluid pressure applied for removing the casing must be sufiiciently great to overcome not only the friction of the earth acting on the outside of the casing, but also the friction of the concrete acting on the inside of the casing. The amount of friction between the concrete and the casing increases with time, and since in Lyons method the casing must be completely filled with concrete before removing, the amount of friction developed may be very large, and may be sufiieiently great to prevent removal of the casing even when the pile is a relatively short one.
Also, with respect to the Lyon method, as a consequence of the friction between the concrete and the casing, an arching effect is produced which reduces the amount of pressure that can be transmitted through the concrete. This condition is especially critical for long slender casing of the type used in present-day foundation constructions.
Another problem that exists with the Lyon method is that a delay or interruption in the supply of concrete may mean that pulling of the casing can not be accomplished due to the friction between the concrete and the casing. Thus, in the Lyon method, it is essential that the concrete be poured continuously and quite rapidly in order to enable the casing to be removed.
Summary of the inventi'om The present invention relates to an improved method of and apparatus for making concrete piles, and more particularly to such a method and an apparatus whereby a steel casing used in forming a concrete pile is removed at the same rate as the fluid concrete is introduced into the hole in the ground in which the pile is being formed.
The present invention has overcome the shortcomings of the prior art. According to one form of the present invention, a steel casing is provided which is adapted to be hermetically sealed at the bottom immediately prior to the step of introducing concrete into the hole. The concrete is pumped to the space below the sealed casing through a conduit so that the energy of the elevation head as well as the energy of the pressure head can be utilized to raise the casing at the rate at which the concrete is being pumped into the casing. The method and apparatus thus utilizes energy not heretofore available for removing steel casings and also functions in such a manner so as to eliminate completely the friction between the concrete and inner wall of the casing which was present in previous devices and methods employed in this field for removing steel casings. Also, this present method and apparatus enables the casing to be raised at the rate at which the concrete is pumped into the hole defined by the casing, and the friction forces which tend to hold the steel casing in place are not altered, if, for any reason, the source of supply of concrete is temporarily interrupted.
Accordingly, it is an object of the present invention to provide an improved method of forming concrete piles or caissons wherein the steel casings are removed from the hole in the ground as an incident to pouring the fluid concrete into the hole defined by the steel casings, and wherein optimum use is made of energy sources available to perform the function of removing the casing.
Other objects of this invention will appear in the following description and appended claims, reference being had to the acompanying drawing forming a part of this specification wherein like reference characters designate corresponding parts in the several views.
Brief description 0] the drawing FIGURE 1 illustrates schematically the forces that are in operation when utilizing certain prior art devices for removing a steel casing from a concrete pile;
FIGURE 2 is a view similar to that: of FIGURE 1, illustrating the arching effect that exists with respect to prior art devices;
FIGURE 3 is a schematic view partly in section, illustrating apparatus for carrying out the present invention; and
FIGURE 4 is an enlarged fragmentary sectional view illustrating details of the sealing member employed in the embodiment disclosed in FIGURE 3.
Before explaining the present invention in detail, it is to be understood that the invention is not limited in its application to the details of construction and arrangement of parts illustrated in the accompanying drawing, since the invention is capable of other embodiments and of being practiced or carried out in various ways. Also, it is to be understood that the phraseology or terminology employed herein is for the purpose of description and not of limitation.
Description the preferred embodiments Attention is directed first to FIGS. 1 and 2 of the drawings for a brief description of some of the problems involved when using some of the prior art devices. As shown schematically in FIG. 1, a casing has been sealed at the top by means of a cap 12 and the arrows 14 represent the upward forces that are applied against the underside of the cap 12 when a fluid under pressure is introduced between the cap 12 and the concrete 16 which has been filled into the casing 10. In order for the forces 14 to raise the casing 10, it is necessary that they overcome the opposing friction forces acting on the outside of the casing 10, as represented by the arrows 18, and the friction forces exerted by the concrete against the inner wall of the casing 16, as represented by the arrows 20. Since the friction developed by the concrete 16 increases with time, any unnecessary delay in effecting removal of the casing 10 may result in the internal friction developed becoming large enough to prevent removal of the casing.
Further with respect to the prior art devices, as a consequence of the friction between the concrete and the casing, an arching effect is produced which reduces the amount of pressure that can be transmitted through the concrete. This condition is illustrated in FIG. 2 and is especially critical for long slender casings of the type now used in foundation constructions. As a rough guide, when the depth to diameter ratio is greater than five, arching may be a significant problem. As an example, if the pressure at the top of the concrete is increased by 100 pounds per square inch, the amount of pressure increase in the concrete at the bottom of the casing may only be pounds per square inch under a given condition. Thus, the net amount of pressure left to push the casing out of the ground may be drastically reduced. The arching effect is illustrated in FIG. 2 by the broken lines 22, and it will be understood by those skilled in the art that the forces 24 exerted at the top of the concrete pile are not equal and opposite to the reaction forces 26 exerted on the opposite end of the concrete pile 16. This is so because of the result of the arching effect that occurs in the concrete, so that much of the pressure exerted at 24 is transmitted to the casing 10, thus reducing substantially the magnitude of the reaction forces at 26.
The present invention has overcome the various problems existing with respect to the prior art devices, and for a description of a preferred embodiment of the invention, attention is directed to FIGS. 3 and 4 of the drawing. As there illustrated, a casing 30 is shown in a hole 32 in the ground. Positioned at a suitable location above the ground adjacent to the casing 30 is a conventional concrete pump 34 which has connected to its discharge outlet a hose or conduit 36 through which concrete can be pumped.
The steel casing 30 has secured adjacent to its lower end by welding or the like, a clamp ring 38, and secured to the clamp ring 38 so as to provide a hermetic seal is the cap 40. The latter has a fitting 42 to which the hose or conduit 36 is connected so that the concrete pump 34 can pump a column of concrete through the hose or conduit 36 into the space 44 below the bottom of the casing 30, which space 44 serves to receive concrete to provide a footing for the pile which is to be formed. As soon as the space 44 is filled with concrete, pressure from the concrete will be exerted against the bottom of the sealing member 40 and clamp ring 38 urging the casing 30 upwardly. This force will correspond to the elevation head of concrete measured by the height of the column of the concrete in the hose or conduit 36, and in addition, will reflect the pressure head measured by the pressure from the pump 34. Thus, the force acting on the bottom of the casing from the concrete pressure will be very sizable for the purpose of raising the casing 30 as the concrete is being introduced below the sealing member 40.
An example of typical forces and pressures involved in removing a steel casing is as follows:
Size of casing: 4 feet diameter, feet deep, /2 inch steel.
Weight of casing=24,000 lb.
Pressure in concrete at the bottom of the casing:
p =p (elevation head)+p (pressure head) =(100 ft.) (150 lb./ft. ft.) (l50 lb./ft. =l5,000+18,000 lb./ft.
Force at the bottom of the casing from the concrete pressure:
F=(l5,000+l8,000) pi 2 2 :4l5,000 1b. Net force available to push casing out of ground:
F ,=41s,o00-24,000=391,000 lb.
1 From Concrete Pump Manufacturer.
This is the force available to overcome the friction or adhesion between the soil and the casing.
When the casing is almost completely removed the amount of pressure available is less. For this case the force is 202,000 lb. when the bottom of the casing is at the top of the caisson. The decrease at any elevation is a linear proportion between the values calculated at the bottom and the top. Thus, when the casing is half way out of the caisson the force is 296,500 lb.
Normally, before any concrete is filled into the space 44, the cap 40 will be hermetically sealed to the ring 38, and therefore, means are provided for venting the air from the space 44 during the initial filling of this space with concrete. For this purpose a check valve 46 is provided which will be urged closed by the concrete 48 as the latter rises in the space 44. A remote control mechanism comprising the cable 50 and the pivotally mounted link 52 are provided to permit the operator to open the check valve 46 at this initial stage of the operation. A remote control mechanism is likewise connected to the lower end of the hose or conduit 36 including the cable 56 to provide the operator with a quick disconnect means for disconnecting the hose 36 from the fitting 42.
The cap 40 is also provided with means for raising and lowering it, including the cable 58 which is suitably connected to the top of the cap 40 by means of the cables 60. This arrangement allows the operator to lower the cap 40 into place after excavation of the footing space 44.
As previously indicated, any suitable clamping arrangement may be used for securing the cap 40 in a hermetically sealed relationship with respect to the casing 30. Referring to FIG. 4, one such arrangement will be described. The cap 40 has an annular groove in which is located an O-ring 62 adapted to engage the clamp ring 38 in sealing relationship. The clamping ring 38 also contains an annular shoulder 64 on which the cap 40 is adapted to be seated and retained in place by the clamping mechanisms 66. This is accomplished by movement of the clamps 68 radially outwardly to the position shown in FIG. 4 by actuation of the attached pistons 70, which are pneumatically actuated from a source of air pressure remotely located and supplied through the hose 72. Hose 74 is provided for moving the pistons and thereby the clamps 68 radially inwardly to an unlocked position.
In operation, the casing 30 is lowered as the hole is being excavated and finally the space 44 is excavated for the footing for the pile. The cap 40 is then lowered into position and the clamping mechanisms 66 are actuated to secure the cap 40 to the clamp ring 38. The fluid concrete is then pumped into space 44 and check valve 46 is held open to vent air therefrom until the concrete has filled space 44 at which time the concrete will urge the valve 46 closed. An additional concrete is pumped to the underside of cap 40, the forces from the elevation and pressure heads of concrete will lift the casing 30, overcoming the frictional forces on the outside of casing 30 which oppose such movement, and the casing will be raised at the same rate as the concrete fills the hole. This arrangement will permit interruption of the supply of concrete without impeding subsequent operations when the pumping of concrete is resumed. Also, because the concrete is maintained under pressure, this arrangement assures a sound pile which has not been rendered imperfect by virtue of earth pinching or partially pinching off the wet or fluid concrete.
Having thus described my invention, I claim:
1. A method for forming a concrete pile and simultaneously removing the casing from the hole in the ground in which the casing is positioned for the purpose of form- 'ing the pile, comprising the steps of hermetically sealing the casing adjacent to its bottom by lowering a cap to a position adjacent to the bottom of the casing and then securing said cap to the casing to provide a space between the bottom of the hole and the underside of the cap, pumping an enclosed column of fluid concrete under pressure from a source above the ground through said cap into the space between the bottom of the hole and the underside of the cap so as to utilize the pressure head and the elevation head of the concrete to exert upward pressure on said cap to lift the casing from the hole at the rate the concrete is pumped into the hole.
2. A method according to claim 1, wherein said cap is secured to said casing by pneumatically actuating a clamping mechanism.
3. A method according to claim 1, including the step of venting entrapped air from below said hermetically sealed casing when concrete is initially introduced into the hole below the hermetic seal.
4. Apparatus for making a concrete pile comprising a cylindrical casing having cap retaining means at its lower end, a closure cap adapted to be secured to said cap retaining means for elfecting a hermetically sealed closure of the lower end of said casing, vent means for venting air from below said cap, and means for pumping an enclosed column of concrete from above said casing through said cap to the underside of the latter, said means includ ing a concrete pump and a conduit extending from said pump to the underside of said cap.
5. Apparatus for making a concrete pile according to claim 4, wherein said vent means comprises a check valve operable to close when concrete is pumped against the underside of said cap, and remote control means for opening said valve.
6. Apparatus for making a concrete pile according to claim 4, wherein said cap retaining means includes a clamp ring integrally secured to said casing, and said cap includes a remotely controlled clamping mechanism for clamping said ring.
7. Apparatus for making a concrete pile according to I References Cited UNITED STATES PATENTS 1,831,209 11/1931 Thornley et al 61-53.66 1,904,079 4/ 1933 Powell 61-5364 X 2,775,869 1/1957 Pointer 61-465 FOREIGN PATENTS 428,119 6/1911 France. 286,333 8/1915 Germany.
JACOB SHAPIRO, Primary Examiner.
US. Cl. X.R. 6l53 .64, 63
|Cited Patent
|Filing date
|Publication date
|Nov 2, 1927
|Nov 10, 1931
|Western Foundation Company
|Method of and apparatus for making cast-in-place piles
|Mar 16, 1932
|Apr 18, 1933
|Caisson Contracting Company
|Method and apparatus for forming foundation columns
|Apr 22, 1952
|Jan 1, 1957
|L B De Long
|Platform construction
|Title not available
|Title not available
|Citing Patent
|Filing date
|Publication date
|Jun 1, 1970
|Apr 25, 1972
|Parez Louis Albert
|System for producing piles moulded in the ground
|Sep 20, 1976
|Jun 28, 1977
|Hanson Raymond A
|Slipforming method and apparatus for in situ lining of an upwardly open shaft with monolithic concrete
|Oct 14, 1975
|Sep 6, 1977
|Fredric Rusche
|Casingless pile method and apparatus
|Sep 20, 1976
|Nov 1, 1977
|Hanson Raymond A
|Slipforming method and apparatus for in situ lining of an upwardly open shaft with monolithic concrete
|Jul 14, 1977
|Sep 26, 1978
|Nippon Concrete Industries Co., Ltd.
|Method of obtaining sufficient supporting force for a concrete pile sunk into a hole
|Jul 7, 1977
|May 1, 1979
|Stannard George E
|Method and apparatus for forming a cast-in-place support column
|Sep 13, 1977
|Jun 19, 1979
|Fredric Rusche
|In situ pile forming method
|Dec 10, 1980
|Nov 9, 1982
|Landau Richard E
|Methods for forming supported cavities by surface cooling
|Jun 5, 1984
|Feb 17, 1987
|Oy Tampella Ab
|Apparatus for feeding cement material into a drill hole for cement bolting of a rock
|Jan 15, 2004
|Dec 4, 2007
|Jay Endre
|Method and apparatus for masonry chimney flue repair
|Jan 15, 2004
|Jan 20, 2005
|Jay Endre
|Method and apparatus for masonry chimney flue repair
|U.S. Classification
|International Classification
|Cooperative Classification
|European Classification


text:
Jonathan Rauch On How American Politics Went Insane
Party insiders and backroom deals: One author on why we need to bring back old-time politics.
Once upon a time, children's stories were dull tales written to impart morals to young minds. In 1865, Charles Lutwidge Dodgson, writing under the name Lewis Carroll, changed that. He introduced the world to a nonsensical cast of characters: A white rabbit with a pocket watch, a caterpillar smoking a hookah and a brave, befuddled heroine named Alice. One hundred and fifty years later, the influence of "Alice's Adventures in Wonderland" has spread far and wide. The story has been translated into about 100 languages, adapted to the screen dozens of times and explored in visual art, opera and ballet. Join Diane and her guests for this month's Readers' Review: The whimsical appeal of Alice in Wonderland.
150 Years Of Alice In Wonderland (Through Video) - The Diane Rehm Show
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Party insiders and backroom deals: One author on why we need to bring back old-time politics.
With a now-likely U.K. exit from the EU, America's relationship with a key intelligence and global trade ally will change. Please join us to discuss what the British vote means for the U.S. economy, the 2016 presidential campaign and global security.
Analysis of the Supreme Court's last decisions of the term and the impact of a vacant seat on the bench.
The world reacts to Brexit: European Union leaders plan for Great Britain's departure and investors brace for more uncertainty, as the U.S. considers economic and strategic implications.

subset: commoncrawl


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"Bennett's genius is for the imploding situation in which a cleverly made house of cards shudders and comes down; the comments of his characters as they nimbly pick their way around the wreckage verge on aphorism." The New Yorker


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Recipients of all ages will love the classic design and comfort of these Clique basic crew neck custom sweatshirts.
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On 24 June 2016, the JRC and Central European University (CEU) signed a Memorandum of Understanding (MoU) that establishes the basis for future collaboration in a series of areas of common interest.
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Relevant offers
Websites hosting pirated material would be blocked and internet service providers compelled to stop their users illegally downloading under proposals being floated by Tony Abbott's government.
The Australian government is proposing that internet service providers (ISPs), such as Telstra, Optus and iiNet, take measures to discourage or reduce online copyright infringement, according to a leaked copy of its discussion paper.
According to the document, first obtained by news website Crikey, the government also wants to give itself the power to prescribe specific measures that would see internet providers discourage online copyright infringement. This is in the cases where the industry does not develop effective schemes or commercial arrangements.
It is also proposing that universities be "captured" by the safe harbour scheme that currently governs internet service providers. This stipulates financial damages can be levied against carriage service providers who breach four categories, including providing connections to copyright material and referring users to an online location where it exists via a link.
In the document, signed by Attorney-General George Brandis and Communications Minister Malcolm Turnbull, the government cited its unratified trade obligations with the US - known as the "Trans-Pacific Partnership Agreement" - to pursue its reforms.
"The government believes that even where an ISP does not have a direct power to prevent a person from doing a particular infringing act, there still may be reasonable steps that can be taken by the ISP to discourage or reduce online copyright infringement," they wrote.
"Extending authorisation liability is essential to ensuring the existence of an effective legal framework that encourages industry cooperation and functions as originally intended, and is consistent with Australia's international obligations."
It essentially overrules a decision by the High Court in 2012, which found that internet service providers could not be found liable for authorising an act by a subscriber that infringes copyright.
The view peddled by the document is in stark contrast to what Turnbull, a former executive at internet provider OzEmail, said in an ABC interview after the High Court ruling.
"I think the High Court came to the right decision and I really welcome it," Turnbull said at the time. "It is very, very, very difficult if not impossible for someone that is just selling connectivity, just providing bandwidth to then be monitoring what people are doing."
Although the discussion paper hasn't been released yet, a speedy response from industry and the public is expected, with submissions closing on August 25.
Comment is being sought from Senator Brandis and Turnbull.
Village Roadshow chief Graham Burke told Fairfax Media in an interview on Friday that he welcomed what was written in the discussion paper.
"[I] applaud the fact that the government is making people like iiNet responsible," he said.
In his view, sanctions should include slowing down the download speeds of those who infringe more than three times.
"That is no different to what iiNet do if people have bought a plan and have exceeded [the download limit]. They slow their speed down until they pay up," Burke said.
Senator Brandis first flagged a piracy crackdown in February, when he described the Copyright Act as "overly long, unnecessarily complex, often comically outdated and all too often, in its administration, pointlessly bureaucratic".
Recently, Brandis stepped up the rhetoric and declared Australia the "worst offender" in the world when it came to online piracy.
"... I am very concerned that the legitimate rights and interests of rights holders and content creators are being compromised by that activity," Senator Brandis said in Senate estimates hearings in Canberra. "We want to do something about that."
Australia's second largest internet service provider iiNet, which had been sued by the Hollywood studios in the High Court case, has previously lashed out at moves to make it and other providers the "internet police".
iiNet called on Australians to write to politicians arguing against a piracy crackdown, which it said would likely result in increased charges for consumers through their internet provider, as it believed rights holders and government would not foot the costs.
The Australian Screen Association (ASA), previously known as the Australian Federation Against Copyright Theft, was one of the lead parties in the High Court case and tech news website ZDNet recent tallied that Village Roadshow, one of the group's members, had donated close to A$4 million to the Liberal and Labor parties since 1998. Village Roadshow donated $315,004 to the Liberal Party in the past financial year alone.
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BBC iPlayer update supports Android 4.2, higher-quality video promisedPocket-lint
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Writing on the BBC Internet Blog, Dave Price, head of BBC iPlayer, outlines the update due to land on devices before Christmas.
Setting out three aims - improving the playback experience, parity between Android and iOS, and supporting various screen sizes - Price reports there will be a run of updates over the coming months to meet these goals.
To address the issue of playback quality, the BBC will essentially offer low-quality video encodes for those devices with smaller screens and high-quality encodes for larger, more powerful devices.
Tablet-users can expect a better experience on their larger devices, with an updated user interface forming the foundation of future additional features, towards an ultimate goal of giving Android users the same experience from which Apple users benefit.
The BBC isn't taking a one-size-fits-all approach with Android either. Price says the engineering team will be targeting the most-popular Android devices to offer the best experience.
"The Android platform is extremely important to the BBC and our audience, and engineering for it requires an ongoing commitment," says Price. We're looking forward to catching-up with Auntie on our Nexus 4.
Twitter scooped up a former Apple designer to lead its VR/AR plans
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Cape Human Resources (CHR), Inc. provides programs and services that educate as well as motivate promotion of self-sufficiency to residents of Cape May County who are economically disadvantaged and have limited resources.
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Police: Man helped wife kill herself
The 69-year-old man allegedly bought a shotgun, showed his wife how to use it, and left it alone with her loaded
Associated Press
GLENS FALLS, N.Y. — Authorities have charged a U.S. man with manslaughter after police say he helped his wife kill herself.
The Post-Star newspaper of Glens Falls, New York, reports that 59-year-old Kathy Skellie was found dead from a self-inflicted gunshot wound Saturday at the home she shared with her husband.
According to court records, 69-year-old Willard Skellie confessed to buying a shotgun, showing her how to use it and leaving it loaded while he went hunting. He told police she was despondent because of mental health problems.
Police say Skellie was questioned and charged Sunday with second-degree manslaughter after failing a lie detector test.
He is being held on $100,000 bail. It couldn't be determined if he had a lawyer.
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Read an Excerpt
Marcus Aurelius
The Dialogues
By Alan Stedall
Shepheard-Walwyn (Publishers) LtdCopyright © 2005 Alan Stedall
All rights reserved.
The Death of an Emperor
HIS BREATH came now raspingly and, although the fever had left him for some hours, his face was ashen and clammy with cold sweat. With what seemed superhuman effort he turned on the narrow field bed and called out to me, 'Rufus, why has night fallen so suddenly?' The evening light, however, continued to filter unchanged almost horizontally through the window of his sparsely furnished bedroom, lighting his bed and the wall against which it stood. The darkness that had fallen on him spoke more of his rapidly weakening condition than that of the northern sun setting outside in a reddish glow.
His son had left him several hours before, despite his father's vain pleading for him to remain until the end, now that this was so imminent. Commodus had been unheeding and had made his departure, his stated concern being that he should not contract his father's disease. Now only his first-line army officers stayed with Marcus to accompany his final hours. It was not that we were unafraid of contracting the pestilence that consumed him, but how could we abandon the man who had led us so selflessly, and given his all in the interests of Rome?
I took his hand, the hand that for the moment still ruled the greatest empire the world had ever known but which was now so weak that it had lost the strength even to grip. He looked at me, his eyes still blue and observant, but with a gaze that seemed to look through me to a world beyond. His voice was barely a whisper and I leant forward to hear him.
'Tell Commodus to lead the Danube legions forward and well. Their loyalty to me has been unswerving and they deserve the best of leaders. Only by moving our armies forward to secure our borders can we hope to preserve all that is great and noble that is Rome.' It was clear that his thoughts, now even at the very end, remained focused on his great task: to preserve and defend the empire he had inherited.
He hesitated, closing his eyes for a moment only to open them again. 'And tell the army, if they love me, to protect and safeguard my son.'
This, then, was the father's dying concern, that we should protect his only living son, Commodus. Commodus, who at that very moment was hastening back to Rome in anticipation of his father's death, to claim sole command of the Empire.
I nodded, hoping he could still see me. Then my head sagged and to my embarrassment a lone tear trickled down my right cheek. He saw it and gave a faint smile. Weep not for me, think rather of the general pestilence and the deaths that have befallen so many others.' With these characteristic, self-effacing words, he fell silent for the last time. He turned over and covered his head with his bed sheet, as if to sleep, and we left him in peace.
In the morning we found what we grimly expected: the Emperor lay dead. We laid his left hand upon his chest and crossed it with the right, as is customary. We closed his eyes and placed a coin on each to hold the eyelids in place until final rigor mortis had set in, rendering the coins unnecessary.
So died Imperator Caesar Marcus Aurelius Antoninus Augustus, Emperor of the Roman Empire, commander-inchief of our armies, statesman, sage and philosopher, the greatest and best of all the Roman Emperors. Worn out at the age of fifty-eight, for nineteen long years he had tirelessly held back the barbarians from the furthermost reaches of our Empire, leading our armies to fight them in northern forests and eastern plains and deserts.
More importantly he had ruled the Empire with justice, humility and wisdom. Beloved by all, but especially by his loyal Danubian legions, his loss was to be grieved universally. Now the Empire would pass to Marcus's only surviving son, Commodus. In stark contrast to his father, Commodus was to lead us into confusion, strife and eventual civil war. But this was of course unknown to us at the time - and anyway this narrative concerns my Lord and friend, Marcus Aurelius, not his worthless, eventually insane, son.
I had first met Marcus when I was promoted to Prefect of the Praetorian Guard twelve years earlier. My background was humble indeed; I was a son and grandson of soldiers descended from ancient farming stock of Falerii, north of Rome. I had joined the army twenty years before and had risen to the rank of Legatus when, in the seventh year of Marcus's reign, I was promoted first to Prefect of the City Police of Rome, then to Prefect of Egypt and finally to Prefect of the Praetorian Guard, the ultimate military rank - and all within the same year!
However, it must be said that my rapid ascendancy was only partly a reflection of my qualities as a capable and loyal soldier. The situation of the Empire was desperate. Enemies of Rome on our eastern and northern boundaries threatened both Greece and Italy with invasion. At the same time a curse had fallen upon the Empire that weakened our capability to defend ourselves as never before.
Under Senator Avidius Cassius, our eastern army had vanquished the mighty Parthian enemy who had threatened us in Mesopotamia and driven him back beyond the Tigris River. Unfortunately Cassius had then permitted his army to sack the friendly Hellenic city of Seleucia, an ancient city that had opened its gates to him and welcomed him as liberator. In retribution for Cassius's act, the gods imposed a deadly curse on his army in that far off province. When Rome welcomed the returning army of Cassius as heroes, they did not see the grim spectres riding alongside each charioteer and marching within the ranks of his legions: harbingers of the plague.
Within weeks of the army's return, thousands of the Romans who had celebrated the victory lay dead in the streets. The numbers of dead were so great that carts and wagons were used to collect this grim cargo. Cemeteries became so crowded that edicts had to be issued to forbid the burying of bodies in graves owned and already occupied by others. In the months that followed, whole farms in nearby provinces became deserted, their fruit rotting on the vines because those who would have harvested it had themselves been plucked from life. This undermined the economy and tax revenues collapsed. The state struggled to find the money it needed to pay its armies and subsidise the friendly states on our borders that were our buffers against barbarian invasion.
The deadly pestilence not only snatched away vast numbers of citizens, farmers and senators, but also slew through the ranks of our legions so that some almost ceased to exist other than in name. No mortal enemy ever inflicted such losses on the military might of Rome. One of the many thousands who fell to the pestilence was Furius Victorinus, Prefect of the Praetorian Guard - hence my urgent appointment as his successor.
This then was the situation that faced me when I rose to the highest military rank Rome had to offer. It fell to me to provide the bodyguard for the Emperor both in Rome and on his field campaigns. The Praetorian Guard was an elite military unit, the final line of defence for the Emperor. Were we to prove unable to protect him, we would be honour bound to fall in battle where we fought, since the Guard chose death before flight or surrender in the protection of the Emperor. It was also my dubious privilege to extend this same protection to the sixteen-year-old Commodus when Marcus made him joint emperor at the outset of his last Danubian campaigns. What a shame we failed to fail in our duty in his respect! Had we allowed a foraging band of barbarians to steal away the young wretch at that time how many good Roman lives would have been saved!
As Praetorian Prefect I had necessarily stayed close to Emperor Marcus, constantly alert for threats to his life. It was during our years of companionship in city, field and strife that I grew to understand and admire him. It is my privilege to commit some of our conversations to paper, as honestly as my memory allows.CHAPTER 2
The Philosopher King
BEFORE I MET Emperor Marcus I heard many stories about him. 'A living philosopher of the first order, a true Stoic,' some said. 'A great general, a strategist, a leader, a real soldier who leads his men from the front and is therefore well beloved by them,' said others. 'A great Roman, true to the principles of honour and justice and the gods of Rome,' said yet others.
But Marcus Aurelius was, in style and actions, strikingly different from earlier emperors, and certainly different from those who were to follow.
I had once been told the story of how Marcus had presided over a set of arena games in which a lion-trainer demonstrated an animal whose nature he had so brutalised that it devoured its victims with spectacular ferocity. The Roman crowd had roared in ecstatic pleasure at the bloodthirsty attacks of the animal and the tortured screams of its victims trapped in the arena below. When the final Christian was torn to pieces the spectators clamoured for the Emperor to reward the trainer for the lion's gory performance. Marcus, however, had sat silently throughout. Ignoring the baying mob, he now refused to provide any such reward for the trainer. Later, asked why he had resisted the clamour of the populace, he replied simply that he 'failed to see that the man concerned had done anything deserving of a reward'. Marcus subsequently decreed that gladiators fight with blunted swords so that blood was not spilt for common entertainment.
In stark contrast, it was this same emperor who led our legions in bold and vigorous campaigns against the enemies of Rome that crowded on our borders! Here was indeed a new type of emperor, one who followed his own precepts, who had the courage to lead our armies from the front and the even greater courage to deny the carnal appetites of the infamous Roman mob.
My first meeting with Marcus was in the fine and long-established settlement of Aquileia on the Adriatic coast. Here he and his co-Emperor and adopted brother Lucius planned to counter-attack the Germanic tribes, including the Marcomanni, the Victuali and the Quadi, who threatened to invade our northern borders along the Danube. I had travelled north from Rome, having arrived there only days earlier from Egypt. The roads running north to Aquileia were of good metal, but they passed through wild forests and plains drenched with spring rain.
As my chariot entered the city gates, I felt excitement tinged with trepidation. It was much easier to fall from high office than to gain it: so many sought to replace you. We drew up outside the military headquarters and I climbed the stone steps, ascending from the sunlit parade ground, noisy with drill practice, into the cool dark offices of the Emperor. I passed sentries of my own Praetorian order who recognised and saluted me, allowing me access to the innermost room of the state apartments.
I found Marcus Aurelius sitting at a table studying a map of the Alps. He was a well-built man, with pronounced handsome features and neatly trimmed beard. His curly hair and beard, once dark, were now streaked with grey. His features reflected the weight of the great responsibilities on his shoulders.
I coughed to make my presence known and he looked up at me, not unkindly. I saluted in return, the steel armour of my right arm ringing on my breastplate. He had large expressive blue eyes that gave the impression of observing rather than pointedly looking at you. His mood seemed to lighten at the sight of me: he cast off the weary expression he had unconsciously held when I first caught sight of him.
'Ah, Rufus, I'm glad to see you. Pour us each a glass of wine and take a seat over here.'
I did as I was bidden and handed the glass of red wine to him. He had gestured me to sit on a bench-seat at right angles to his own. He took a long sip of the wine, rolling it over his tongue to savour it. He once again looked troubled.
'We lost Victorinus a month ago to the pestilence, together with half of the entire Guard. Some of the army legions here have suffered yet worse losses. Even though Stoic philosophy would have it otherwise, it's always a terrible business to lose one's comrades, and even worse when it's not in the heat of battle, furthering the cause of Rome, but simply to disease. But come now, Rufus, tell me more about yourself.'
I told him of my simple, rural upbringing in Falerii, how both my father and grandfather had served as soldiers of Rome, and how I had always aspired to serve the State myself. I described my promotion through the ranks, promotion won not in courts as a politician, but on the battlefield as a hardened soldier. Marcus listened to me intently, now and then giving nods of agreement and encouragement.
Coming to the end of my story, I said how much I looked forward to serving him in my new capacity. I assured him of my unswerving loyalty - to death, if that were demanded of me. Marcus then gazed at me thoughtfully in silence for more than a few seconds.
'All of this I already knew of you Rufus. My agents have spent weeks looking into your background and it is indeed without blemish. You are a loyal soldier of Rome and a great captain of your troops. I would not have agreed to your appointment had it been any less so. But tell me, what sort of man are you?'
I looked at him in puzzlement, at which he smiled.
'My Lord, I am a true soldier of Rome.'
Marcus nodded. 'Yes, I can see that. But tell me, for instance, which gods do you serve and worship?'
I felt my face grow heated, feeling this was some kind of trap. Surely it was obvious I worshipped the city gods of Rome? To do less would be treasonable. Was he seeking a means to be rid of me before I even took office?
'My Lord, I worship the state gods of Rome. Every morning without fail, when in Rome, I attend the Temple of Venus. In the field I worship at the icons of regimental gods our cohort carries with it.'
Marcus was smiling at my embarrassment. 'So, you are not a follower of Mithras, then, or', and here his smile became yet broader, 'a Christian?'
'No, my Lord. Some of my best officers are indeed followers of Mithras - it is a religion well suited to the manly duties of a legionnaire - but none of my regiment is Christian. How could they be? Life in the Roman army is unsuitable for a pacifist, let alone one subversive to the state of Rome. As the Christians themselves say, a man cannot have two masters.'
Simply admitting to be a Christian carried a death sentence, and a dishonourable death at that - being thrown to wild beasts in the arena to be torn to pieces for the entertainment of the crowd. I knew now the Emperor was jesting with me.
He nodded approvingly. 'Fear not, Rufus, I am not trying to trick you into declaring yourself a traitor. I am merely trying to understand the spirit within the inner man that drives you. Such things interest me and, if we are to spend much time together, it would be useful to be able to discuss matters outside of campaign tactics, troop dispositions and logistical problems.'
This was not the conversation I had expected to have with the Emperor. I was still cautious, however: Rome swirled with intrigue; to reveal one's beliefs too nakedly could be to expose oneself to great risks. But Marcus seemed relaxed and genuine, without guile or malevolence. He leaned back with a mischievous twinkle in his eye.
'For instance, Rufus, do you consider the gods as benevolent or malicious?'
'Why, if entreated appropriately, with due ritual and respect, benevolent of course.'
I did not understand where this was leading. He nodded at my answer, the glint still in his eye.
'Yes, benevolent - of course,' he repeated, nodding. 'And would you say they are all-powerful?'
'Yes, my Lord, for that is what makes them gods.'
'And all-knowing?' Marcus watched me intently.
'Yes, being all-powerful, they must be all-knowing.'
Marcus paused for a moment, then continued, 'But would you say, Rufus, that there is great evil in the world?'
'At certain times and places, it is true, there is such evil.'
'And does it fall upon the innocent as well as the guilty?'
Yes, being innocent of sin it seems is no protection against evil.'
Marcus smiled amiably. 'If there is such evil, and it falls upon good and bad alike, how can it be that the gods are benevolent?'
He had me trapped with his logic, but it was not a political trap. I realised it was a trap of the dialectic, beloved of Greek philosophers, and smiled in acknowledgement of the cunning of his approach. He smiled back, openly, in return.
'There you have me, Lord. But are you saying that the gods are not benevolent?'
Excerpted from Marcus Aurelius by Alan Stedall. Copyright © 2005 Alan Stedall. Excerpted by permission of Shepheard-Walwyn (Publishers) Ltd.
All rights reserved. No part of this excerpt may be reproduced or reprinted without permission in writing from the publisher.
Excerpts are provided by Dial-A-Book Inc. solely for the personal use of visitors to this web site.


text:
The Perl Debugger
There are two ways to execute the code. We know that the current line is 3 and is an if statement. The first method, s, is to step through the code, statement by statement. The other method is n, for next, which similarly steps through the code; however, in the case where the current statement is a subroutine call (as opposed to a built-in function or some sort of variable assignment), n will treat the subroutine as though it were a built-in function and will step over the subroutine, as if it is an atomic command. In contrast, s will enter the subroutine and step through every line of the subroutine. It will do the same for any subroutines encountered within the first one. This can be annoying when we know that the subroutine is working correctly—hence the n command. For this simple example, where we have no subroutines, n has the same effect as s. After entering s or n, we can simply press enter, and the debugger will reissue the last s or the last n command. This is useful to get through lines of code quickly. Pressing s displays the following:
main::(./p1.pl:7): while ($i < 10) {
Notice that we've skipped from line 3 to line 7. Enter l 3+4. This shows us four lines from line 3. We skipped to line 7 because the conditional in line 3, if(0), is false. So the then part of the conditional is ignored, and the else portion is executed.
Notice that there is a variable in the code, $i. We know that the body of the while loop will be executed until $i is greater than or equal to 10. (Enter l 7+10 to see the body of the while loop.)
So what value does $i have now? Type p $i. The print command is p, and without an argument; it will print the contents of the magic Perl variable $_. Any valid Perl expression is a valid argument to p. Because anything that the debugger doesn't recognize as a debugger command is evaluated as Perl code, you could also type print instead of p. Don't worry about having redirected standard output to something other than your screen. The debugger will take care to ensure that you'll see some output. But, typing p is quicker than typing print, and as any good programmer knows, laziness is one of the "programmer's virtues", the other two being hubris and impatience (Larry Wall, see Resources).
Typing p $i results in nothing. No, we didn't do anything wrong. $i hasn't been set to anything, so it gets the default value of nothing. Type s (or just press enter). Try p $i again. It should print the number 1. Press enter again and type p $i again. Now, we could continue this, but we know that we will keep spinning in this while loop until the conditional returns false, which won't happen until $i is no longer less than 10. And, as I said before, impatience is another programmer's virtue, so we'll rush things along a bit. Enter $i = 8, then press enter again. Do it one more time, and we've broken free of the loop.
The last conditional checks that $i is at least equal to 9. Because it now is, the then portion of the if statement will not get executed. Note that we could have set $i back to 2 before we execute the final if statement. The result would have been an execution that under normal conditions (i.e., without using the debugger) could never have occurred (assuming the computer is working properly, and no bits in memory get fiddled).
As any good first program should, our first debug program prints Hello, World! to the screen. Notice that even under the debugger, this happens as it should. Pressing enter one more time terminates the program.
The code in Listing 2 is a more complex piece of code with a bug in it. It should print out every regular file in the current directory and all subdirectories, recursively. Right now, it only prints the files in the current directory and doesn't seem to delve into further subdirectories.
Execute this program in a directory with a few subdirectories and place files and further subdirectories in these subdirectories to create a small but diverse hierarchy.
The output of this code (once the bug gets fixed) from the directories I ran it in, looked like this:
./file1 ./dir1.0/file1 ./dir1.0/file2 ./dir1.0/file3 ./dir1.0/dir1.1/file1 ./dir1.0/dir1.1/file2 ./dir1.0/dir1.1/file3 ./dir2.0/file1 ./dir2.0/file2 ./dir2.0/file3 ./dir2.0/dir2.1/file1 ./dir2.0/dir2.1/file2 ./dir3.0/file1
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Owen Wilson's Camp Keep Kate Hudson Away from the Actor
No second chance for Kate Hudson to destroy Owen Wilson's life. Rumors on the street say Owen's family has not allowed the actress to see the actor and is trying hard to keep her away from him upon fear that she could be and or bring bad influence to him.
A friend close to Hudson revealed that the actress is yet to get in touch with Owen since his suicide attempt because all her attempts to send regards are being rebuffed by the actor's camp. "Kate has been trying to get in touch with Owen and is distraught that the family doesn't want her anywhere near him. She is very frustrated," the New York Daily News quoted the pal as saying.
Hudson and Owen starred together in the 2006 comedy "You, Me and Dupree." They began dating soon thereafter and after on-off relationship they finally split in June.
In other Owen news, The National Enquirer, who was the first media outlet to report about Owen's suicide attempt, is now coming out with another disturbing headline on their cover. The publication claimed that Owen previously attempted to kill himself twice.
No response just yet from Owen's camp regarding the report.
More Kate Hudson News
- Amber Rose on Kanye West's 'Famous': 'I've Worked My F***ing Ass Off'
- Kris Jenner, 60, Is Reportedly Trying for Another Baby
- Ricky Gervais Is Back as David Brent in Hilarious 'Lady Gypsy' Music Video
- You'll Finally Get to Know More About This 'Gilmore Girls' Character on the Netflix Revival
- Chris Brown Kicked Out of Villa in Ibiza After Covering It in Urine and Vomit
- Kylie Jenner and Tyga Enjoy Movie Date in L.A.
- Watch Fergie's 'M.I.L.F. $' Music Video Starring Kim Kardashian and Chrissy Teigen
- Justin Bieber Posts Cryptic Message About Relationship, Says He'd 'Rather Be Lonely'


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Most Popular Stories
A New QST QuickStats Poll Has Been PostedAmerican Radio Relay League | Ham Radio Association and Resources30 Jun 2016 | 3:42 pm
The Sun Has 'Gone Blank' for the Second Time this Month: What That Means:eHam.net News28 Jun 2016 | 5:08 pmThe sun is blank for the second time in less than a month -- not a single dark sunspot mars its surface. It's a sign our star is entering a new period of decreased activity -- one that will continue to last for about five years. But, despite the overall decline, history has proven that some of the largest solar storms in memory can occur when sunspots appear to be ebbing. The sun is a volatile star. Its surface changes on a 11-year solar cycle that oscillates between periods of increased and decreased sunspot production. Sunspots are dark areas on the surface of the sun that indicate intense…
What will you do to improve next year's Field Day?KB6NU's Ham Radio Blog29 Jun 2016 | 12:25 pmPaul, KW1L, and Rick, KA8BMA, testing the IC-746PRO at our GOTA station after getting it all set up on FD Saturday. Would a fancier rig helped or hurt the GOTA operators? Yesterday, John, W8TON, e-mailed our club mailing list that included a number of ideas on how to improve next year's Field Day. One of the ideas was how to improve the GOTA station: I have this really funny idea: we should devote the best and most efficient antennas to the GOTA station. Why? So that a beginner, or, if not better, a visitor, will get a response on the first or second call. This weekend, I heard GOTA…
More Field Day stuffW2LJ's Blog - QRP - Do More With Less.28 Jun 2016 | 8:35 amThe local town newspaper, which I had mentioned yesterday, did a really nice write-up about SPARC Field Day, in addition to carrying our Field Day announcements:https://www.tapinto.net/towns/south-plainfield/articles/amateur-radio-operators-give-a-sparc-to-springHooray for Amateur Radio getting good press - at least in South Plainfield. I've pretty much recovered from the weekend, but am still basking in that post Field Day glow.� One thing I forgot to mention ...... Dan KC2YRC and Dave W2OIL ...... in addition to everything else they did for us - they brought their drone on Saturday and…
SOTANA May Be Right For YouThe KØNR Radio Site15 Jun 2016 | 7:26 pmI have "a friend" that could probably use this. The post SOTANA May Be Right For You appeared first on The KØNR Radio Site.
American Radio Relay League | Ham Radio Association and Resources
A New QST QuickStats Poll Has Been Posted30 Jun 2016 | 3:42 pm
ARRL Headquarters Will Be Closed on Monday, July 430 Jun 2016 | 1:58 pmARRL Headquarters will be closed on Monday, July 4, in observance of Independence Day. The office will reopen on Tuesday, July 5, at 8 AM ET. We wish everyone a safe and enjoyable holiday celebration!
FCC's OET Clarifies Emissions Compliance Testing for RF LED Lighting Devices30 Jun 2016 | 12:05 pmThe FCC's Office of Engineering and Technology (OET) has clarified that all RF LED lighting devices falling under Part 15 rules as "unintentional radiators" must meet conducted and radiated emissions limits set forth in those rules."Operation of Part 15 unintentional radiators is subject to the condition that no harmful interference is caused," the OET reminded, in a knowledge database paper re...
Special Event Stations to Mark Pope's Visit to Poland29 Jun 2016 | 11:19 amSeveral special event stations are poised to mark the visit of Pope Francis to Poland. The Pope will be in Poland July 27-31 to once again take part in World Youth Days in Kraków. This is Pope Francis' first visit to Poland, where he will also make stops at the national shrine in Czestochowa to honor 1050 years of Christianity in Poland and pay respects to the victims of the former Auschwitz Na...
West Virginia ARES Units on Alert for Possible Activation in Wake of Flooding28 Jun 2016 | 7:22 pmAll Amateur Radio Emergency Service (ARES) districts and counties in West Virginia are on alert for possible activation in the aftermath of severe flooding, which has claimed at least 2 dozen lives, destroyed hundreds of homes, and damaged countless others. More than 30,000 were without electrical power at one point, but that number now is less than 8000. More rain has been forecast for the reg...
eHam.net News
The Sun Has 'Gone Blank' for the Second Time this Month: What That Means:28 Jun 2016 | 5:08 pmThe sun is blank for the second time in less than a month -- not a single dark sunspot mars its surface. It's a sign our star is entering a new period of decreased activity -- one that will continue to last for about five years. But, despite the overall decline, history has proven that some of the largest solar storms in memory can occur when sunspots appear to be ebbing. The sun is a volatile star. Its surface changes on a 11-year solar cycle that oscillates between periods of increased and decreased sunspot production. Sunspots are dark areas on the surface of the sun that indicate intense magnetic activity -- so strong, in fact, that it inhibits solar convection and thus reduces the temperature of the...
Despite New Technology Radio Club Celebrates 100 Years:28 Jun 2016 | 5:07 pmEVESHAM -- A map of the world is displayed across a computer monitor. Seven small circles, representing satellites, float across the map in incremental jumps. Joe Fisher is in a trailer, the kind one might use to get kids' bicycles to the shore. To his left are speakers, radios, microphones, computers, and cables -- lots and lots of cables. Fisher is operating a radio, but his job is not to send waves from one receiver to another. He's waiting for that perfect moment when the satellites on his screen are directly overhead. That's when he has to strike. As quickly as he can, Fisher has to link up with one of those satellites and use it to communicate with another operator somewhere in the United States. For...
Warm Reception for Amateur Radio Event:28 Jun 2016 | 5:06 pmAmateur radio operators used a gas powered-generator at the Niskayuna Soccer Park to show how they would communicate in an emergency situation if other systems -- like cell towers and the internet -- went down. But Saturday's event wasn't just a demonstration. That afternoon, local amateur radio enthusiasts kicked off a 24-hour-long contest, one of hundreds all over the country. Fueled by potato chips, baked goods and soda, the Niskayuna group aimed to connect with as many like-minded amateur radio operators as possible. Last year, the station made about 1,500 contacts over the course of the event.
Ham Talk Live #20 DX and Contest with NV9L:28 Jun 2016 | 5:04 pmComing up Thursday at 9 pm Eastern on Ham Talk Live! this week, Valerie Hotzfeld, NV9L, will be here to talk DXing and Contesting!
Amateur Emergency Radio Services Participates in Field Day:27 Jun 2016 | 5:16 pmThe American Radio Relay League, or ARRL, kicked off its annual Field Day event Saturday as North American radio operators began spinning and grinning - radio lingo for signal scanning across a frequency band. The event is a 24-hour scored event where teams attempt to contact as many other stations as possible through any of their communication modes. Operators communicate with Morse code, digital teletype and, of course, voice. "It's called Field Day because we get out and set up in the field where we aren't usually operating," Kevin Kingery, of North Augusta-Belvedere Radio Club, said. "It's meant to get out and practice in case of an actual emergency, like hurricanes or tornadoes taking out electricity...
KB6NU's Ham Radio Blog
What will you do to improve next year's Field Day?29 Jun 2016 | 12:25 pmPaul, KW1L, and Rick, KA8BMA, testing the IC-746PRO at our GOTA station after getting it all set up on FD Saturday. Would a fancier rig helped or hurt the GOTA operators? Yesterday, John, W8TON, e-mailed our club mailing list that included a number of ideas on how to improve next year's Field Day. One of the ideas was how to improve the GOTA station: I have this really funny idea: we should devote the best and most efficient antennas to the GOTA station. Why? So that a beginner, or, if not better, a visitor, will get a response on the first or second call. This weekend, I heard GOTA operators giving call after call before any answer. I suspect that only the most motivated visitor will put up with repeated...
Field Day fun, 2016 edition28 Jun 2016 | 12:59 pmThis year's Field Day was a blast as usual. In fact, in some ways it was a lot more fun than previous years. Here are some random notes about this year's Field Day. Setting up the GOTA station antenna. Setup. Setup was much easier this year, mainly because I did not make it out to the site on Friday evening. I felt a little guilty about that, but as it turned out, I needn't have. There were quite a few new members—new members who attended my classes—who did show up, so my help wasn't really needed. What I did do was get the club's IC-746PRO and checked it out on Friday. The power cord needed some surgery, i.e. I replaced the huge lugs that someone had put on it with smaller ones that worked a lot...
13 Colonies operating event runs from 1300Z July 1 – 0400Z July 727 Jun 2016 | 5:04 pmI like this event a lot….Dan Once again, the 13 Colonies Special Event will take place between 1300z, July 1st and 0400z July 7th. The certificate is printed on heavy card stock. Stations working one state or, as many as all 15, will be eligible for the certificate. A "Clean Sweep" indicator will be affixed, for those lucky enough to "Q" all 15. A special endorsement will be attached for stations contacting their sister operation, WM3PEN, in Philadelphia, PA, where independence was declared. New since 2015, the 13 Colonies have added a second sister event station GB13COL will operate from Durham, England. The 13 Colonies certificate will have a Liberty Bell added for a contact with WM3PEN. They...
FCC says "no" to lifetime amateur radio licenses27 Jun 2016 | 6:38 amI don't know about you, but I saw no purpose in this petition, especially since renewing a license is now free and very easy to do online…..Dan SB QST @ ARL $ARLB021 ARLB021 FCC Says "No" to Lifetime Amateur Radio Licenses ZCZC AG21 QST de W1AW ARRL Bulletin 21 ARLB021 From ARRL Headquarters Newington CT June 24, 2016 To all radio amateurs SB QST ARL ARLB021 ARLB021 FCC Says "No" to Lifetime Amateur Radio Licenses The FCC has denied the petition of an Arizona radio amateur, who had petitioned for lifetime Amateur Radio licenses. Mark F. Krotz, N7MK, of Mesa, had filed his Petition for Rule Making (RM 11760) with the FCC last November, and the FCC invited public comments in February. Krotz wanted the FCC to...
Operating Notes: testing a rig for Field Day24 Jun 2016 | 1:10 pmTomorrow, of course, is Field Day, and I am the head coach of our Get on the Air (GOTA) station. Since I'm located in Ann Arbor, MI, home of the University of Michigan, I'm calling myself the "Jim Harbaugh" of Field Day. We're going to be using the club's IC-746PRO at the GOTA station, and so just now, I was down in the shack, making sure it still worked. The first thing I had to do was to replace the lugs on the power cable. I don't know what kind of power supply they had connected it to last, but it had some lugs on it that had some really big holes. After I'd done that, I hooked up the radio, connected the antenna, and started tuning around the 40m phone band. Geez, are conditions bad right now. I really...
W2LJ's Blog - QRP - Do More With Less.
More Field Day stuff28 Jun 2016 | 8:35 amThe local town newspaper, which I had mentioned yesterday, did a really nice write-up about SPARC Field Day, in addition to carrying our Field Day announcements:https://www.tapinto.net/towns/south-plainfield/articles/amateur-radio-operators-give-a-sparc-to-springHooray for Amateur Radio getting good press - at least in South Plainfield. I've pretty much recovered from the weekend, but am still basking in that post Field Day glow.� One thing I forgot to mention ...... Dan KC2YRC and Dave W2OIL ...... in addition to everything else they did for us - they brought their drone on Saturday and took some video of the site from a bird's eye-view.If I get a copy, I'll try to post it to the blog.� I saw a little of...
PFDTD27 Jun 2016 | 4:22 pmIs it possible to suffer from Post-Field Day Traumatic Disorder?After the weekend we had, I'd be inclined to say "Yes".� But I mean that in a good way.� Not that Field Day, in and of itself,� was traumatic - maybe that Field Day coming to a close was traumatic!Once again, we had a super fantastic time, thanks to the efforts of many.� All the South Plainfield Amateur Radio Club members had a hand, and in particular we had help from "friends". But I'd like to especially recognize (publicly) the following;Marv K2VHW - our President, who has done a great job as our Charter President and stayed the entire 24+ hours of Field Day, even after undergoing back surgery earlier this year (and still on the mend). Marv...
So busy!22 Jun 2016 | 7:13 amThis time of year is always so busy!Two weekends ago, our CERT Team was involved in helping out with crowd control and vehicle parking at a carnival in town. Last weekend was the Raritan Valley Radio Club hamfest; and Father's Day.� This coming weekend is Field Day. In between all of that, I'm trying to get that magnetic loop built (which really shouldn't take all that much time!), still do yard work and house work; and even get a few hours sleep in.Last night I went to Home Depot to buy some PVC for a stand for the loop. I was hoping to use a mini-photographic tripod that I have, but after taking the center column out, I found out that the 1/2" PVC that I am using is just a tad too large. For less than...
Conditions slightly better today21 Jun 2016 | 12:56 pmI heard more stations and more activity.I worked N8BC who was at the James Garfield National Historical Site - NS39 on 40 Meters.� Then, hopping on over to 20 Meters, I may have worked Bob N4CD who was at Bryce Canyon National Park (which it turns out, I have worked before).� Bob was a very readable 559, but he gave me only a 229.� I'm not sure he got my call right. I think he was sending my call as W2DJ instead of LJ. QSB was bad - very bad. When Bob was in the clear, he was very copyable - which was most of the time.� The only time he became difficult to hear was when he was sending my call ........ of course.The hitch about working NPOTA stations during lunch is that I don't have access to my NPOTA...
Conditions are marginal20 Jun 2016 | 11:43 amI went out to the Jeep at lunch time to hear what I could hear.It wasn't much of anything.The cell phone and DX Cluster showed a few NPOTA stations on the air at the time. I couldn't hear any of them.� I listened for a bit on both 17 and 20 Meters and the signals that I did hear were few and far between. So I began to call CQ.� After about 5 minutes worth on 17 Meters, I moved back to 20 Meters and called there.In between calls on 14.061 MHz, I heard someone else start to call CQ below me.� It was RA1M/MM.� I moved down to 14.060 MHz, called and got an answer.It was Stepan who was off the coast of Newfoundland.Not only was he Maritme Mobile, but he was also using a KX3 at 5 Watts, so it ended up being a 2X...
The KØNR Radio Site
SOTANA May Be Right For You15 Jun 2016 | 7:26 pmI have "a friend" that could probably use this. The post SOTANA May Be Right For You appeared first on The KØNR Radio Site.
How About an Updated FT-817?4 Jun 2016 | 1:11 pmThe Elecraft KX2 made a big splash with QRP enthusiasts at the Dayton Hamvention this year. HamRadio360 had some good coverage of the product introduction. Basically, the KX2 is a shrunken version of the KX3, covering the HF bands 80m through 10m. The Yaesu FT-817ND There were rumors circulating that Yaesu would introduce a replacement for the FT-817ND, but that turned out to not be true. It is a good rumor because the original FT-817 was introduced way back in 2001 (according to Wikipedia). Also, Chris Wilson NØCSW was actively soliciting inputs for an 817 replacement at the Central States VHF Conference last summer. A while back, I did a comparison of the FT-817 and the KX3 (big brother to the KX2). I...
This Spewed Out of the Internet #3218 May 2016 | 7:17 pmIt has been a while since I've done one of these Internet Spewing posts, so I've got some catching up to do. Twitter is heating up with rumors and reports of new ham gear to be introduced at the Dayton Hamvention. Elecraft is introducing the KX2 QRP HF transceiver. I know this one is real because Steve WGØAT got a chance to try out a unit, shown here in this video. Also, see the short review by Frank KØJQZ. VA3XPR broke the news about a VHF/UHF radio that does DMR, D-STAR and C4FM digital modes. This was followed by the announcement of another radio, the DV4mobile, that will handle DMR, D-STAR, C4FM, P25 and some other modes. This is exciting stuff but we've been here before and nothing materialized. It...
Summits On The Air – Colorado Style12 May 2016 | 11:00 amSummits On The Air – Colorado Style is the title of my presentation at Hamcon Colorado, 2 pm Friday May 13th. I will be discussing the Summits On The Air program and the Colorado 14er Event. The slides are available here: Summits On The Air -Colorado Style The conference will be excellent. I hope to see you there! 73, Bob KØNR The post Summits On The Air – Colorado Style appeared first on The KØNR Radio Site.
Announcing: 25th Annual Colorado 14er Event9 May 2016 | 11:00 amAmateur Radio operators from around Colorado will be climbing many of Colorado's 14,000-foot mountains and Summits On The Air (SOTA) peaks to set up amateur radio stations in an effort to communicate with other radio amateurs across the state and around the world. Join in on the fun during the 25th annual event and see how many of the mountaintop stations you can contact. This year the event is expanded to include the entire weekend, August 6 & 7. However, many mountaintop activators will hit the trail early with the goal of being off the summits by noon due to lightning safety concerns. See the very cool 25 Year Anniversary t-shirts available at http://www.cafepress.com/wg0at The 14er event includes...
Advancing Ham Radio.. different ideas
Noisy Study26 Jun 2016 | 8:18 pmSo perhaps you read FCC Technological Advisory Council is initiating a noise floor inquiry�� That is something probably long overdue in my opinion.I have often wanted to map the bad areas around town.� Seems a Raspberry Pi computer with a RTL-SDR stick and a USB GPS could the basis of sampling the noise floor on various bands and logging that and the location.And then a way to download this and overlay it on a map when you get home.Seems like a good SDR project for someone.� I kind of wish I knew how to do it myself.
Maxtrac's and such.22 Jun 2016 | 7:59 pmMaxtrac programming software for Linux/ Linux software for programming Motorola Maxtrac radios through a serial port:http://batboard.batlabs.com/viewtopic.php?f=15&t=112424https://github.com/iotatron/linrssI love this, as the Maxtrac/Radius line is my favorite radio.� No longer need DosBox.Speaking of that line of radios.� Here is well documented, channel (40 channels) steering a GM300 for a remote base:� https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ZY9pfy5F4hwI have to say Skyler, KD0WHB is an amazing young kid with a lot of enthusiasm in the right areas.� On that DIY topic, I recently watched DX Engineering video where they interview the new ARRL CEO, Tom, NY2RF.� Tom says If you want to forecast the future, you have...
Goodbye IRLP hello Allstar20 May 2016 | 9:44 pmOur former high school ham radio club has been running an EchoIRLP node since like forever.With the advent of the Raspberry Pi I have been meaning to retire the old power hungry PC and go to a smaller form factor. It took a while for a working Allstar image, but I am glad I waited and went that route.The idea was to let some of our former members who were in college check in over Echolink.� And we didn't like the idea of a Windows PC at the repeater site.� Since then, members have permanently set foot outside of Green Bay where the repeater is.� And a group of them in Milwaukee set up a repeater and were connecting the thing over Echolink on a somewhat permanent basis back to the Green Bay repeater.��Due...
Converter box recorder24 Apr 2016 | 9:07 amMany moons ago I dabbled with MythTV to record over the air TV.� It's an open source home entertainment application.� Then DTV came along and the tuner card hardware I had was going to need replacement.Since then I have played with Kodi/XBMC, and OpenELEC on the Raspberry Pi.� But I am using this much like a Roku box, just to compliment my TV watching.� I often wish there was a modern DVR for over the air TV.Recently when I was shopping the RCA DTA880 caught my eye.� A digital converter box with recording.� There is also the Ematic AT103B.� Both can record over the air TV to a USB stick.� This is awesome.� Neither however have a network jack, as it would be nice to be able to play back/record to a network...
High Speed Multimedia for Amateur Radio Book - Review14 Apr 2016 | 9:08 amI just received a copy of this new book by Glen, KW5GP.� It worked out well as it was my birthday a week ago and I had that ARRL coupon to burn.In the introductory first chapter it discusses Part 15 verses Part 97 operation.� It goes on to talk about peer-to-peer mesh networks (AREDN and BBHN), verses the traditional spoke and hub network, star topology (HamWAN).� Then it covers frequencies showing allocations on 2.4 GHz and 5.7 GHz, which channels overlap Part 15, and which are Part 97 exclusive.� Then a bit about TCP/IP in general an a quick history of the AMPRnet.Chapter 2 is about technologies.� 802.11b/802.11g/802.11n and its ham use regarding some regulatory information on DSSS and OFDM.� It then goes...


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Recommended siteA-Z Lyrics Universe
Lyrics/song texts are property and copyright of their owners and provided for educational purposes.
Pain Lyrics by Ian Hunter
Pain by Ian Hunter
(donnie kehr/ian hunter)
I believe in magic
Ain't it kinda tragic
When you find out
Angels can be devils
You were never on the level with me babe, at all
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Sittin' on the midnight train
Beggars can be choosers
Winners can be losers
[Pain lyrics on http://www.metrolyrics.com]I'll get over you somehow
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Ain't no doubt about it babe
Love is a victim of pain I'm lonely
And I don't know what to do about you babe
'cos loneliness is such a drag
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Direct grandson of Smart Lil Highbrow (FULL brother to High Brow Cat!!) out of a Smart Little Lena/Peppy San Badger mare. This is the magic cross in cutting…$4,000


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New 'Glee' Season 3 Promo Unveils Quinn's Ryan Seacrest Tattoo
Quinn Fabray makes a dramatic entrance in a new sneak peek for "Glee" season 3 as she begins her senior year. The former captain of the cheerleading squad at William McKinley High School turns the heads of New Directions kids, Puck, Mike, Tina and Mercedes, with her new, yet wild look.
She dyes her hair pink and gets a nose ring, while donning a rock star outfit. Additionally, the former girfriend of Finn gets Ryan Seacrest's face inked on her lower back. "I have finally found myself," she claims in the video before adding, "I'm not sure what the tipping point was. ... But one thing I know, I'm never going back."
As it was revealed before, in the third season premiere which will air Tuesday, September 20 on FOX, [SPOILER ALERT!] Quinn vows not to sing again. Also, Santana will quit the glee club, but creator Ryan Murphy assures that she will be back. Meanwhile, Blaine leaves the Warblers to be with Kurt at McKinley High.
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