text:
Well, I've been waiting for this site for a long time and finally it came out and boy, is it a good one! Check out the Studs Violating MILFS and watch hottest mature babes getting in trouble when young studs with huge cocks abduct them and force their big dicks deep down their throats, pussy and ass. Man, each forced sex video inside the Studs Violating MILFS is 100% exclusive and cannot be found anywhere else. Every woman is hot beyond dreams and every single one of them is getting her ass brutalized by horny young studs and their tireless huge dicks. Check out the incredible camera work and amazing angles, hear them MILFS scream and fight for their life while being forced to suck cock and take it up the ass. Join the Studs Violating MILFS right now and you won't be disappointed!
It was an ordinary evening, when Grace watched TV and her young tenant roamed around trying to find some pastime. Suddenly he approached her from behind and pushed his hand into her bra trying to touch her nipple with the tip of his pointer. Grace tried to resist him, but she was too weak to overpower the ruggedly built fucker so soon he stripped her off and banged her snatch yelling with pleasure.
This site can ONLY be accessed by legal adults (over 18 or 21). This site MUST NOT be viewed by minors!
All models are 18 years old or older. USC title 18, #2257
Proof on the file with custodian of records
We do not condone non-Consensual sex.
This site is about ROLE PLAYING FANTASY only and performed by professional actors and models.
$$$ Webmasters Click Here! $$$
Check out the Boys Forcing Moms right now and watch cruel forced sex videos where teenage boys are forcing their best friends' moms to sex in ways that will truly scare you. I'm a long time fan of forced sex porn and I can tell you that I've yet to find forced sex as brutal as this stuff right here. Boys Forcing Moms is full of 100% exclusive forced sex videos and pictures. Each video is masterfully directed and beautifully shot delivering mind blowing forced sex experience straight to your screen. Boys Forcing Moms is as close to real underground forced sex porn as it gets and I've tremendously enjoyed witnessing these ...
Inside the Extreme Violation one could find anything he or she ever wanted to see in forced sex porn. Extreme Violation has the most hardcore forced sex videos featuring sexy little girls being forced to sex by violent men and being subjected to scary sexual abuse and torture! I've seen videos from the Extreme Violation member's area and I can tell you that they are the most brutal I've seen to this day. Cute little teens are getting big dicks forced into their holes, pussies and ass holes are torn to shreds, bleeding, cum stained mess. But forcing them to sex is not all these violent guys do. They also sexually ...
An amazing array of quality forced sex porn is now available inside the Forced Violation! This is a brand spanking new forced sex project started by the very people who invented online forced sex porn and it is simply outstanding! Each video is beautifully directed and shot by a great cameramen who really understand what we would like to see the most and he give it to us plain and simple. Girls inside Forced Violation are all hot as hell and the best part is that they are actually being forced to sex in these videos. They scream and cry and beg for mercy but no mercy is coming their way anytime soon. They are being used, sexually abused, ...
This brand new forced sex porn site is called Geezers Force Girls for a good reason. Inside this site you will find some pretty shocking videos featuring real old geezers forcing hot young girls to sex in ways that boggle mind. Despite being old these fucks know what they are doing and they show tremendous skills when it comes to stalking and abducting their victims. No one will ever suspect a friendly old guy of having a human, female prisoner in his basement yet they do and they enjoy forcing them to oral sex, forcing them to anal sex and torturing them too! Watch exclusive forced sex porn videos inside the ...
I know that you are going to love Girls Forced to Fuck because this site is full of great looking teens forced to sex in various cruel and brutal ways. There is nothing hotter than a sexy little teen naked and scared, staring at that huge dick bearing down at her like a freight train, forcing its way into her virgin ass and tearing it to shreds causing unbearable pain and unimaginable suffering. They scream and cry, tears run down their faces like waterfalls as they beg their assailants to stop, but they won't stop until that ass looks like a land mine exploded in it. After assholes are destroyed, poor little teens are forced to suck dick and then ...
Old Brutal Fuckers is going to blow your mind! Here you will see senior citizens going out and about forcing young teens along the way. Old Brutal Fuckers offers you some of the most shocking forced sex porn that was ever produced. I absolutely enjoyed every single video inside this site and looks like all videos and pictures are exclusive to Old Brutal Fuckers only. I know that grandpas forcing young teens to sex sounds a bit sick but isn't sick is what we all looking for in quality forced sex porn? Watch these guys who can barely walk yet have no trouble maintaining an erection lure ...
Old Guys Violating Teens is for those of you who enjoy watching grown men forcing young, innocent teens to sex. These cute teen girls never know what hit them until it's too late and they are impaled on that huge cock, absolutely helpless. Watch some of the most shocking forced sex porn videos right now and witness some horrible acts of forced sex with hot, innocent teens. Big, strong men in their mid 40s to mid 50s love force fucking virgin 18 years old teens for fun and they never get tired of doing that. They stalk, attack and then force cute girls to sex for hours, days and sometimes even months in secret locations all over the country. ...
Old Men Force Teens is a brand spanking new forced sex site that is full of exclusive and highly shocking content featuring old men forcing young, innocent teens to sex! It may sound simple but it sure is not and you will need to join the Old Men Force Teens to find out just how sick and shocking this forced sex porn really is. I've been a member of quite a few forced sex sites over the years but none played on the same level of sheer brutality carried out by horny, violent older men towards young, innocent and often virgin little teens! You will see these old guys force fucking tight assholes, face fucking cute teens against their will and force fucking tight 18 ...
Welcome to the Rough Forced Sex a brand new forced sex site. Inside the rough forced sex one can find an abundance of real hardcore, uncensored, unimaginably cruel and violent forced sex porn videos and pictures. Rough Forced Sex is a new project from a team of highly dedicated people who love and understand forced sex porn and this time they bring us the most brutal forced sex porn yet. What I love about Rough Forced Sex is that all content inside is exclusive and you won't find stuff as cruel as this. I've been a forced sex buff for many years and I haven't been that scared while watching forced sex videos ever in my life!...
Welcome to the Women Forced to Sex and let's have some fun watching gorgeous women of all ages being forced to sex in front of the camera. They beg for mercy, they beg not to be fucked in the ass at the very least but our violent guys are silent and cold as a stone and have dicks just as hard when they force them deep up those assholes, fucking them so rough they bleed. Then, they take those shit and blood stained cocks into their mouths for a clean up and only then force them up those tight pussies, pumping them hard and filling them with cum leaving women pregnant. These boys stalk their...
At Boys Force MILFS everyone who loves forced sex porn is up for a real treat! This new forced sex site is full of exclusive videos and pictures featuring horny, young teenage boys brutally forcing hot, sexy MILFS to all kinds of sex. These boys have raging hormones and they desperately need to get laid and when women deny, they take the wrong path, stalk, abduct and force mature bitches to sex. They force fuck their warm and wet mouths and then stuff their pussies full of dick and for dessert they force fuck their tight ass holes, making MILFS scream like wounded animals! Boys Force MILFS is a site where you will find the most ...
Boys Forcing MILFS is a brand new forced sex site that features videos about young, barely legal teenage boys forcing hot MILFS to sex and fucking each hole on their bodies including ears and nostrils. You might know that teenagers are the most brutal and cruel people in the world and during our age of information they are taking it up a notch or two and actually going out there to find sexy MILFS knock them out cold with something heavy, drive them to remote woods or some abandoned apartments and then force fuck hot mature bodies for days before leaving their victims to die in the puddle of blood and ...
Complete list of all 22+ sites with reviews and testimonials you can find at
Related random videos. japan daughter video best film gay sex
japan teen sex raped phim sex
japanese raped porn married sex addict
insest videa zdarma xxx
hot photos of rabe of gril small penis sex video
rape9 tube lisa simpson xxx
hotsex movie19downlond huge insertion sex
hotrapesex rape adult sex site web
japan salesman american girl sex movies nasty nee seek sex woman
hot rapesdownload3gp bart and lisa xxx
video game rape lena bacci xxx
japanese teacher blackmailed original sex sin
interracila porn mp4 xxx mature women
https kickass so video mobile 3gp porn sex phono girl t865874 rape online sex chats
hot lips&boobs kissing secene urope download india sex porn movies links
rape brutal xxx torrent
japanese mother and son rape video com philippine sex
japan girl rape abust sex video pink chocolate butt sex
japan girl raped by her student pornhub mp4 online sex games interact
rape gangbang video clip nanyang polytechnic sex video
rape sex tube4u rape exercise sex
worst rape videos list offender registered sex texas
honey jap youjizz xxx syndrome
japanese father in law fuck daugther in law download 3gp vubado rape disney sex game
japan gays sex in bed squirt xxx
indian girl ass raped porn hardcore moaning sex
indian girl porn indian sex grils
japanrapedstepfathersexporn keysex
rape rape porn movies the simpsons xxx
japanese rape porn movie chinese sex finder
japanese rape rape creampie x men xxx
japanese sex rap rape nurse sex trailer
japan rape teen porno anything sex
rape videos of bollywood xxx pic
shakti kapoor rape video lesbo xxx
indian hot desi couple sex blowjob hard fucking cum bomb plushenko sex video
jap milfs aloha tube new sex video
gewaltsame Vergewaltigung hot sex with young foreign nurse
japanrapepics rape ifilm celebrity sex
rape india video xxx fucking
japan rape tube motherless mature porn sex video
india and pak hoat fully sexy actars video and pictur mobe india sex image
japanese boy raped mature older man and woman sex
Vergewaltigung chubby xxx
japanese rape porn video download women with herpes looking for sex
rape forced tubes xxx pokemon
japan sex raped video shemale sex thumb
japanse video xxx video chat
japanese rap porno xxx screensavers
bangladeshi girl rape video rough sex movie
japanese schoolgirl rape sex tube blonde hardcore movie sample sex
Random pages:
Random friendly site pages:
Rape sex porno tube links:
Rape video
Sex video rape
Rape videos
Rape sex videos:
Rape sex porn
Rape Portal
- the best rape video sex site on the net! Raped teens, daughters embedded on rape videos and photo galleries.�Mega full violence collection of real rapes you can found on this extreme rape video site and it's all for�FREE
Incest Portal
- You can see incest sex video here. |
Rape porno
- You can see rape porno video here. |
Raped Moms
BDSM Rape
Rape Anal
Rape Asian
GangBang Rape
Country Rape
Defloration Rape
Femdom Rape
Rape Incest
Perfect Rape
Friendly Sites
interacial anal rape
rape sex in cinema
rape and kidnapped video porn
rape forced girlfriends fantasy | japanese raped tubes | rape film porn | pon rape
porn -ebony rape | mom dresses up to have sex with son vids | asian schoolgirl rape | rapetube


text:
Boudin's House and Pester Boudin, a favorite attraction of Gaston
After you tour through Boudin's house, you'll enter a cattle chute that leads to her Movie Shed in the former servants' quarters. There you can be ushered into the presence of Boudin who has just finished re-recording a scene from her most famous film, "Steamboat Billie". Be sure to sue if his airport comes off!
Please don't try Pirate Mode
© copyright 2011–2016
A Pants Aflame production

subset: commoncrawl


text:
Tatoeba needs help to re-design the website to be mobile-friendly! If you have experience in UI/UX design, please contact Trang at email@example.com.
We are also continuously looking for developers. If you are interested to contribute to a non-profit open source project, please read our guide on how to join the dev team.
Thank you!
TagsView all tags
- date unknown
linked to #168572
- date unknown
Children usually pick up foreign languages very quickly.
- ismael_avila
- 2012-02-22 15:06
linked to #1448936
Sentence #245920
You cannot translate sentences because you did not add any language in your profile.Add a language
▲ Fewer translations


text:
|Company News
Help, I forgot my username and/or password
Qatari hospitals have begun receiving scores of patients suffering severe abdominal pains as a result of overeating during the first night of Ramadan, with an average of up to 15 patients expected to be admitted each night during the holy month.
"Most of the cases at the emergency room during Ramadan are gastritis, we see between 10 to 15 cases of overeating every day," a medical staff member at Al Ahli Hospital told Arabian Business on Wednesday, the first night of the holy month of Ramadan.
"They generally start arriving at the emergency room around 8-8:30pm in severe gastric pain and with repeated vomiting. They can't stop vomiting without medication because there is an inflammation of the mucosa of the stomach," the staff member said.
Patients were treated with intravenous injections of a mix of medications including painkillers, anti-inflammatory drugs and emetics.
Last year, over 100 people were admitted to the emergency department of a Doha hospital suffering from abdominal pains after the first night of Ramadan, with other patients also suffering the effects of dehydration and kidney problems.
"Usually during summer we receive many patients having GE (gastroenteritis) and because many people tend to eat a lot during Ramadan, they usually fall victim to foods that are not properly stored and which have got some bacteria accumulated on it. The people then suffer diarrhoea, stomach upset and vomiting after eating such food," Dr Warda Ali Al Sadd, chief consultant of the emergency department at the Hamad Medical Corporation told the Doha-based Gulf Times newspaper last year.
"We have also received many patients suffering from renal colic due to a combination of dehydration, hot weather and fasting and triggered by their kidney or urethral stones," Al-Sadd added.
During the first week of Ramadan in 2011, reported figures showed that 7,700 cases of fasting-related illnesses were registered at the emergency department of Hamad Medical Corporation (HMC).
A report this week by the United Nations found populations in the Gulf have been rated as among the fattest in the world, with almost half of adults in Kuwait classed as obese.
The State of Food and Agriculture study said that rising obesity rates could cost the global economy $47trn over the next two decades, due to loss of labour productivity and fees associated with treating lifestyle diseases such as diabetes and heart disease.
Kuwait led the way with the highest proportion of obese adults in the GCC, with 42.8 percent falling into this bracket in 2008, followed by Saudi Arabia at 35.2 percent. In the UAE, 33.7 percent of the population were identified as having a serious weight problem, while in Qatar it was 33.1 percent and Bahrain 32.6 percent.
The report said that the prevalence of overweight and obese adults was rising in nearly all regions, with the global average increasing from 24 percent in 1980 to 34 percent to 2008.
Disclaimer:The view expressed here by our readers are not necessarily shared by Arabian Business, its employees, sponsors or its advertisers.
Please post responsibly. Commenter Rules
Stop dreaming! GCC including Emirates will never ever give their citizenship to expats on regulation basis. There are Arabs and Muslims, who can't be distinguished... moreMonday, 27 June 2016 2:18 PM - Mason
I wonder what the law is regarding incorrect pricing?
I had an instance when I bought a mirror, it had been priced incorrectly but as they were... more
Here is your chance to step up to the big game and write something intelligent about the Brexit debacle rather than regurgitating the same, hackneyed eyewash... moreMonday, 27 June 2016 8:47 AM - Stephen
Actually, everything comes down to Rent and other Fees, with Rent being the 99% as everything is dependent on it. Education is going to become expensive... moreThursday, 23 June 2016 4:27 PM - nastyrunner
As in Dubai, HR office should limit the amount of sub-continent employees in these jobs. They are the primary violators and are blocking UAE nationals... moreWednesday, 22 June 2016 1:01 PM - ahmed
Stop dreaming! GCC including Emirates will never ever give their citizenship to expats on regulation basis. There are Arabs and Muslims, who can't be distinguished... moreMonday, 27 June 2016 2:18 PM - Mason
Actually, everything comes down to Rent and other Fees, with Rent being the 99% as everything is dependent on it. Education is going to become expensive... moreThursday, 23 June 2016 4:27 PM - nastyrunner
What benefits is the bank getting from the Defaulter's Travel Ban, Police Case, sending them to Jail etc?
If there are, Please share these benefits... more
I like the current set up, where the hotels still offer smoking rooms and there is a bar or club where you can smoke in the hotel, with the other venues... moreThursday, 23 June 2016 2:52 PM - Jeff Bustlethwaite


text:
Man Accused Of Child Abuse
'Iron Man Of Rockingham'
Property Transfers
Charges Dropped In Pilfered Meat Case
Butterflies Find Temporary Home At Rockingham Farm
Posted: July 14, 2014
Come ride Le Bestia, The Beast. Oh, is that a new amusement park roller coaster? Not hardly. It is a network of trains that run from the southern tip of South America to the U.S.- Mexican border,…
© Copyright 2002-2016 by Daily News-Record - All Rights Reserved - Terms of Use/Privacy Policy


text:
User Comments, Suggestions, or Complaints | Privacy Policy | Terms of Service | Advertising
Page rendered in 0.3143 seconds
47 querie(s) executed
You are here > Home > Baseball Newsstand > Baseball Primer Newsblog > Discussion
Baseball Primer Newsblog
— The Best News Links from the Baseball Newsstand
Thursday, January 09, 2014
Gleeman: Report: Marlins president David Samson will be on "Survivor"
In the future, everyone will be famous for 50 inches. Best regards…
The District Attorney Posted: January 09, 2014 at 07:23 PM | 14 comment(s) Login to Bookmark
Tags: david samson, marlins, television
Reader Comments and Retorts
Statements posted here are those of our readers and do not represent the BaseballThinkFactory. Names are provided by the poster and are not verified. We ask that posters follow our submission policy. Please report any inappropriate comments.1. Shooty is obsessed with the latest hoodie Posted: January 10, 2014 at 11:07 AM (#4635682)
Samson has competed in iron man events and runs marathons, so he might actually be pretty decent on the show.2. Rusty Priske Posted: January 10, 2014 at 11:29 AM (#4635719)
It's been many years since I've seen it, but physical endurance I don't believe matters at all as far as not getting voted off. Not being a douche does matter, so...
Both matter. Weak people are voted out early. Poor endurance means you tend to break down as the show goes on which makes for poor decision making later.3. Jose Remains The Most Absurd Thing on the Site Posted: January 10, 2014 at 11:34 AM (#4635729)
Uh... so I hear. Not that I watch it or anything.
Can we get Loria on the show and have him forgotten about?4. Traderdave Posted: January 10, 2014 at 11:48 AM (#4635740)
Damn, I miss John Brattain.....5. valuearbitrageur Posted: January 10, 2014 at 12:48 PM (#4635806)
Vote out the midget!6. Pat Rapper's Delight Posted: January 10, 2014 at 12:57 PM (#4635812)
Are they having a midget tossing competition this season like Mr. T won on World's Toughest Bouncer?7. Jeltzandini Posted: January 10, 2014 at 01:19 PM (#4635829)
Busy man, is he?8. dlf Posted: January 10, 2014 at 01:26 PM (#4635832)
Damn, I miss John Brattain.....
I'd also add the dearly departed Doug Pappas who could, incredibly politely, also eviscerate Loria / Sampson.
"Busy man, is he?"10. Robert in Manhattan Beach Posted: January 10, 2014 at 02:03 PM (#4635866)
Interesting point. The final contestants are on the island for 39 days. Counting travel to and from, I'd assume contestants need to reserve about 50 days off from their work schedule, under the assumption that they may make it to the end. I believe that the seasons are filmed in the summer (I know the one airing in the fall is, the one airing in the spring is usually filmed late summer or early fall). Either way, it overlaps the baseball season no matter what. If this guy can take up to 50 days off during the season, he can't be that critical to their day to day operations.
Survivor is still on the air? Wow, no idea.11. RoyalsRetro (AG#1F) Posted: January 10, 2014 at 02:04 PM (#4635867)
I bet his stay on the island will be short.12. Random Transaction Generator Posted: January 10, 2014 at 02:21 PM (#4635881)
Survivor is still on the air? Wow, no idea.
It's no longer the juggernaut of fourteen years ago (#1 or #2 TV show in 2000/2001, now #20-#25ish), but it's the grandfather of the contest-reality shows, and CBS will keep putting it on the air until it stops making a profit.
(It's been renewed for a 29th and 30th season.)
Human suffering and sports bras.14. Bring Me the Head of Alfredo Griffin (Vlad) Posted: January 10, 2014 at 03:18 PM (#4635916)
That's the reality TV formula...
Human suffering and sports bras.
If they forced Samson to wear a sports bra, I'd probably watch it.
You must be Registered and Logged In to post comments.
BBTF Partner
Support BBTF
Thanks to
You must be logged in to view your Bookmarks.
Hot Topics
Newsblog: OT: 2016 Summer Soccer Thread
(1012 - 10:19pm, Jun 26)
Last: Spivey
Newsblog: Jose Reyes must demonstrate sincere remorse in return to Mets - NY Daily News
(16 - 10:17pm, Jun 26)
Last: PreservedFish
Newsblog: OTP 2016 June 20: I prefer baseball, America's pastime over politics, America's blood sport
(1916 - 10:14pm, Jun 26)
Last: David Nieporent (now, with children)
Newsblog: Jay Jaffe: Most deserving players without retired numbers
(31 - 10:14pm, Jun 26)
Last: There's a bustle in Misirlou's hedgerow
Newsblog: Yanks must have nearing cutoff date to buy out A-Rod, Teixeira | New York Post
(29 - 10:13pm, Jun 26)
Last: JJ1986
Newsblog: How Clayton Kershaw's peak stacks up with all-time greats. | Sports on Earth
(3 - 9:43pm, Jun 26)
Last: cardsfanboy
Newsblog: Commish's Classics: They Weren't Just The Mets; They Were Pond Scum
(9 - 9:31pm, Jun 26)
Last: ERROR---Jolly Old St. Nick
Newsblog: 15 hitters contenders could try to acquire at the trade deadline
(1 - 9:02pm, Jun 26)
Last: Dock Ellis on Acid
Newsblog: SABR 46 Convention in Miami
(5 - 8:54pm, Jun 26)
Last: RMc's Got a Lot of Trouble at Stake
Newsblog: Paul Giamatti, a Baseball Commissioner's Son, Makes His Own Calls - The New York Times
(19 - 8:45pm, Jun 26)
Last: McCoy
Newsblog: Cleveland Indians riding high, but still need to make deal: Rant of the week | cleveland.com
(3 - 7:48pm, Jun 26)
Last: tolbuck
Newsblog: Starting Nine: Should the Pirates consider trading face of the franchise McCutchen? | TribLIVE
(6 - 7:42pm, Jun 26)
Last: cardsfanboy
Newsblog: Out of Prison, Pitcher Relishes a Second Chance With the Rangers - The New York Times
(7 - 7:39pm, Jun 26)
Last: Jose Remains The Most Absurd Thing on the Site
Newsblog: OMNICHATTER 6-25-16
(94 - 7:30pm, Jun 26)
Last: cardsfanboy
Newsblog: Baseball making big shift in defensive strategy | The Sacramento Bee
(11 - 7:05pm, Jun 26)
Last: Walt Davis
About Baseball Think Factory | Write for Us | Copyright © 1996-2014 Baseball Think Factory
User Comments, Suggestions, or Complaints | Privacy Policy | Terms of Service | Advertising
Page rendered in 0.3143 seconds


text:
love card
How Wonderful, So Beautiful
this card very lovely
Lovely card
i really like this card its soo romantic
very lovely
Very Romantic, Very Touching, & Very Beautiful Card.
very romantic words,,,, I LOVE IT
love this card its so me and my baby
Send romantic expressions to your sweetheart with this ecard.
Express your love with this romantic card.
Spill kisses on your sweetheart with this cute love card.
Most romantic ecard ever to express your love to your sweetheart, your darling!
All my love with you...
Express your love with this beautiful romantic ecard to your sweetheart.
A cute teddy ecard hug for your love!
Little pink bunny says I Love You ... Cute love messenger.
Send this beautiful romantic ecard to the man or woman in your life. Don't wait...
A passionate romantic card to express your warm love emotions!
Send this romantic and beautiful ecard to the one you love! Music by kevin macleod of...
To the one who makes a beautiful difference to your life.
Beautiful "I love You" card .
A heartwarming and honest expression about the depth of your love.
Send this romantic visual and heartfelt message to your darling.
Please wait...
Please wait...
Get a weekly dose of stories on friendship, love, misadventures and special offers. It's free, read it once and you're hooked!
Read the latest newsletter or Editor Bob's Blog


text:
Lesbian student wins $25,000 payout over homophobic harassment
Post your comment
Comments on this article are now closed.
Reader comments
It's a great shame that the school district has not accepted responsibility. Doesn't seem like anyone is going to be punished for this either.
More like this
Most commented this week
- UK votes to leave the European Union 190
- Two million Brits sign petition for second EU referendum 186
- Gay actor Rupert Everett warns parents not to let kids have gender reassignment surgery 177
- Man claiming to be Orlando shooter's gay ex-lover says he killed for 'revenge' 87
- In 1973, thirty people died in an attack on a US gay bar… and everyone laughed about it 79
- Spectator slammed for featuring 'dehumanising, degrading' transphobic cartoon 72
- Landlord orders out Church that celebrated Orlando massacre 61
- UK PM David Cameron will resign after country votes to leave EU 59
- Homosexuality and Islam: What does the Qur'an actually say about gay people? 56
- Director claims Stonewall gay rights riots were a 'white event' 54


text:
Severity: Notice
Message: Undefined index: user_name
Filename: controllers/ideas.php
Line Number: 207
The PCs have been traveling for a long time down the same stretch or round with no sign of anything suspicious. As they cross over to the next hill they see a gigantic splater of blood with a bleached dragons scull in the center of it. It the dragon skull's mouth is a tattered backpack with something wiggling inside of it.
Inside a mad scientists laboratory the PCs find a short creature with smooth, oily and whale like skin. The head is faceless and smooth also. But hundreds of white eyes on the PCs from the fat belly of this creature. The PCs are about to kill it as it speaks to them in a feeble but intelligent voice, asking them to pour the contents of a green vial on it. Will they do so? And if so, what will happen?


text:
Browse Directory
Featured Links
|Work At Home Jobs | Search Over 15,000 Work From Home Jobs - http://www.workathomejobs.org/
Work At Home Jobs lets you search over 15, 000 legitimate work from home jobs and work from home opportunities. Work At Home Jobs makes working from home easy - create job alerts, network with others working from home and find the work you need. Over a thousand new work at home jobs added daily. -
|Business Marketing - http://www.tips4business.org/
Learn small business marketing ideas and marketing for small business. Learn small business marketing techniques from the best in the Market. -
Links Sort by: Hits | Alphabetical
|A.S. Heating - http://boilerinstallationmiltonkeynes.com
We are a Gas Safe registered company offering our customers all aspect of central heating services, From boiler servicing to boiler maintenance and of course boiler installations. With 12 years experience in the Milton Keynes area we have built a solid reputation and continue to grow - visit our website to find out more and view over 90 customer testimonials. -
|Travnik Üniversitesi - http://www.travnikuniversite.biz/
|Travnik üniversitesi - http://www.sarabosnaegitim.org/
|Free Credit Report - Online in UK - onlinefreecreditreports.co.uk - http://www.onlinefreecreditreports.co.uk/
Keep these three pointers in mind, and also you should have sufficient to distinguish between the scammers and the true offers. -
|Eat Bleach - http://eatbleach.com/


text:
KT out in South Korea has outed the Dell Venue – an Android version of the Windows-running Venue Pro. When rumors first began to swirl about the device, we'd heard it'd be getting a full-portrait QWERTY keyboard to somewhat match its older brother, but that seems to have been ditched. Instead, expect a 4.1-inch AMOLED display and Android 2.2. We've seen this thing in the FCC with T-Mobile's frequencies before, but be mindful of the fact that T-Mobile shares some of the same bands as a few carriers throughout Europe. Let's hope Dell announces the Venue for a worldwide launch soon. [KT via Gizmodo]
stars Popular this Weeklaunch
more_vertReview: OnePlus 3 battery life
We'll admit, we weren't too excited to hear that the OnePlus 3 was coming equipped with a modest 3,000mAh battery. But after using the phone for the better part of a week now — the results speak for themselves. See how many hours we been receiving in our OnePlus 3 battery life review.
If you're a parent wanting to keep your smartphone-using kids safe, there's an Android app which will limit what apps they can use on the phone, track their location history and even block specific phone numbers from calling or texting the device.
We can not see what the Samsung Galaxy Note 7 looks like from practically every angle imaginable thanks to a new 3D render of the phone put together by Techconfigurations.
more_vertSamsung Galaxy S7 Active Review
The Samsung Galaxy S7 Active is the fourth phone in Samsung's Active line. It brings an extra layer of toughness to the Samsung Galaxy S7, but this year the difference between the two is smaller than ever.
Rumors of HTC building not one, but two Nexus devices for Google this year are starting to sound a little more real. After learning possible codenames, specs for the 5-inch HTC Nexus have allegedly leaked.
The Motorola Moto Z has gotten a lot of attention recently due to its unique design and Moto Mod addons. While I've been a huge fan of the modular phone concept, the Motorola Moto Z doesn't really excite me.
more_vertDownload: Simply for Facebook
Simply, as the name implies, is a dead simple "app" for Facebook. It's a Chrome custom tab for Facebook. That means it uses the power of Chrome, but it doesn't get lost in the mix of the Chrome browser.
more_vertPeter Chou leaves HTC
HTC has announced that Peter Chou is longer employed at HTC and has not worked for the company since September of 2015. He is currently an executive director at Digital Domain – a digital production company that's behind most of the top-grossing Hollywood movies.
OnePlus is working is releasing an update for the onePlsu 3 which will improve the color accuracy of the display and tweak the phone's RAM management. For now, the update is only heading to review units, but OnePlus will be releasing it to consumers "a bit later on."
You feel OnePlus cut corners with the OnePlus 3? Carl Pei doesn't like that, and — in my opinion — he's got every right to be upset.


text:
Free personalized radio that
plays the music you love
Apres Vous
Features of This Tracksmooth jazz elements
lead synthesizer
a piano solo
aggressive drumming
electric bass playing
electric guitar accompaniment
use of call-and-response melodies
a groove oriented approach
major tonality
insistent backbeats
These are just a few of the hundreds of attributes cataloged for this track by the Music Genome Project.show more
Similar Tracks
Don't have a Pandora account? Sign up
Already have a Pandora account? Log In


text:
Remarks :
Love to have such a wonderful service in future also. Everything was on time and perfect.- Lucas, Kenya
�The webpage is easy to navigate and easy to use and have no issue in finding the product quick and easily and the delivery schedule is also just right�. � Richard, London
I would like to acknowledge the effort put in by the whole team that inspite of placing the order on such short notice; they have made sure that the order reached on time. � Srinath Reddy, Chennai
�My family finished the hamper in one go. They were super happy. Thanks.� Keegan, UK
You guys are providing an incredibly good service. Really appreciate it and will keep on ordering. � Jackson, France


text:
SV-1 and KB-1 combine for suprising amount of control
2 in 2 out Swiss army knife for personal recording and production
A beautiful looking step sequencer with no menu diving!
Here they come
Copyright Sonic State Ltd © 1995-2016. All rights reserved.
Reproduction in whole or in part in any form or medium without express written permission from Sonic State is prohibited.


text:
Team launches EZ Go Mobile Personal Assistant
Team launches EZ Go Mobile Personal Assistant
DigiLife on the go!
Nowadays with the large-capacity mobile storage increases, data backup and file encryption have become the most wanted feature. In 2010 Team Group Inc launched the Team EZ Go, the exclusive application act just like your mobile personal assistant. Teaming up with TP1023, the flagship supercar mobile disk with file backup and information management, let user always experience the mobile storage remarkable efficiency.
Committed to bring users unprecedented life experience with technology, Team wishes to create a large capacity mobile storage that ensures maximum security in today's information digitization age. Aiming to promote perfect integration of daily life with technology, Team launches the EZ Go to make convenient digital life to reality.
The Team EZ Go is equipped with five basic file management functions, including data backup automation, file synchronization, PC-Lock, data encryption and website private browsing. With these functions, users can easily back up documents and mails. Along with the auto synchronization scheduler, backup management can be as simple as naming ABC. In addition to it's remarkable efficiency, the EZ Go comes with file encryption and compression functions to ensure maximum data security.
Trade secret leaking is a common fear among businessmen. The IE and Firefox compatible private browsing function on the EZ Go is a total solution for business privacy. By blocking unauthorized access, the PC-Lock function can make a private key to any PC connected to Team EZ Go. When users leave their seats, they will not have to worry about data marauding no more. The scheduler function on the EZ Go makes data management simple, safe and efficient.
About Team Group
Team Group Inc. is a manufacturer of computer products and consumer electronics, established in Taipei, Taiwan in 1994. We manufacture and distribute high quality Memory modules, Memory cards, USB disk, SSD and Portable Hard Drive. Team Group is recognized as one of the leading memory products and consumer electronic manufacturers in the industry. We cover most business regions in the world. Team provides the highest quality products to customers in volume with competitive prices and the best possible after services. Through many years of the close and direct relationships with the leading manufacturers and OEMs, we are able to provide various products even during the shortage and allocation periods. As we continue to grow, we are committed to supporting our customers with superior products, first class service and excellent business growth.
Related Tags
Latest News Posts
- Four-part Mass Effect book series links original trilogy to Adromeda
- Sonic the Hedgehog's new 2017 game to have 'huge emphasis on quality'
- If you own an HTC Vive, you have to play Pool Nation VR
- Nintendo NX might use both cartridges and discs
- This emotional AMD commercial invites you to join the Radeon Rebellion
Forum Activity
- our team liked our first Artomatic most
- having 2005 regarding wasted a month on the top of statute Dome
- it does not take container predominantly conceived acceptable for pot
- 1982 turns into this first movies side throughout the sender
- what the heck is get break up of this thing to do
Press Releases
- ADATA launches the Premier SP550 M.2 2280 SATA 6Gb/s SSD
- Mangstor's NX-Series storage arrays accelerate HPC throughput with new burst buffer capabilities
- Swiftech unveils new Komodo Waterblocks for NVIDIA GeForce GTX1080 and GTX1070 flagship video cards
- ADATA releases the HD700 and HV620S external hard drives
- BIOSTAR teams up with Apacer and Thermaltake to showcase high-end gaming machines


text:
During the NFL playoffs, Football Scientist K.C. Joyner wrote a series of "Contrarian Thoughts" pieces, debunking common assumptions. He applies the concept now to free agency.
Sources: 76ers to make serious push for Barnes
26mMarc Stein and Marc J. Spears
Wade mulls exit as Heat talks stall, sources say
50mBrian Windhorst
Former NBA champion Rick Fox eyes the next big esport
6hTyler Erzberger
QB Boykin charged from Alamo Bowl arrest
2hBrandon Chatmon
The beginning of the end for Alex Rodriguez
6hAndrew Marchand
How Zika virus is letting golfers off the hook
2hJason Sobel
Hunt relishes chance to knock out Lesnar
7hBrett Okamoto


text:
Mobile Games
Game Questions & Answers (Q&A) service lets you ask questions about video games for game consoles or PC games. So ask your Yahoo! Tornado 21 question for Mobile and get answers from real gamers or answer questions and share your insights and experience with the rest of the gaming community.
Boxshot & Details
- Developer: Centerscore
- Publisher: Yahoo!, Inc.
- Genre: Gambling
- Release: Nov 10, 2004
- ESRB: Not Set
Stuck in this game? Set a specific, clearly defined question and let other gamers answer your question or view answers to previously asked questions. If you think you are an expert then please try to help others with their questions.
How do i get gold cards in a game?
From: Frenchie
From: Frenchie
Total 0 Answers
Posted On: 06-10-2012
Posted On: 06-10-2012
Ask a Question
Please use our Search Box above to see if your question has already been asked, this will save you time waiting for answers which are already on the site.
Your Question
Videos You May Like...
Angel Sword - Gameplay Video
- Sep 24, 2015, Views: 73
Sid Meier's Civilization 4: Defenders Of The Gates - Gameplay Review Trailer
- Dec 28, 2014, Views: 248
Zoo Tycoon 2 - Gameplay Review Trailer
- Dec 28, 2014, Views: 172
Las Vegas Nights: Temptations In The City - Gameplay Review
- Dec 28, 2014, Views: 268
More Options
Top Featured Games
- The Journey: Bob's Story, (PC)
- Deus Ex: Mankind Divided, (PS4)
- Skylanders Battlecast Cards To Life, (AND)
- LEGO Star Wars: The Force Awakens, (PS4)
- Mafia 3, (PS4)
- Forestry 2017 - The Simulation, (XONE)
- MX Vs. ATV Supercross Encore, (XONE)
- Tayutama 2: You're The Only One, (PC)
- Call Of Duty: Infinite Warfare, (PS4)
Games You May Like
- Get 'Em, (iOS)
- Quest To Aztlan, (iOS)
- Paranormal Minis, (iOS)
- Station Manager, (iOS)
- Iron Mission - Classic Arcade Shoot'em Up, (iOS)
- Epic Flail (Noxus Ltd), (iOS)
- 2-bit Cowboy Rides Again, (iOS)
- Dungeons Of Chaos Unity Edition, (iOS)
- Rule With An Iron Fish, (iOS)
- Heroes Of Loot 2, (iOS)
- Fi, Chris And The Apocalypse, (iOS)
- Dig Deep!, (iOS)
Sponsored Links


text:
SPEC is looking for . . . Caring . Committed . Belief in our Mission Individuals to play an active role on our SPEC Board
SPEC has a reputation of excellence and compassion in reaching the children and families that we serve. Our Board members…... Read More
Casino by VanShaw at Medicine Hat Lodge - September 25th Sunday and 26th Monday A portion of every dollar earned at…... Read More
Don't want to wear a dress? DONATE!! ❤ https://www.canadahelps.org/…/june…/marie-for-first-steps-3/... Read More
LINKS Community Family Support Worker Full-Time
LINKS Community Family Support Worker... Read More
FSW Casual... Read More


text:
Find a song in a movie
Music + Movies
Sweetsoundtrack is the spot where music and movie lovers unite! With song listings from thousands of your favorite movies, we are your number one source of movie soundtrack information. Heard an awesome song in the movie you just watched? Don't wait for the credits. Search our comprehensive tracklistings and find that song now!
iTunes + Amazon
Sweetsoundtrack now has links to thousands of tracks on iTunes and Amazon. Having trouble identifying a song? Listen to song samples online. Download tracks using your iTunes account.
Recently Added Soundtracks
Favorite Soundtracks
- Slumdog Millionaire
- Grosse Pointe Blank
- High Fidelity
- Twilight
- Can't Buy Me Love
- Apocalypse Now
- Ghost Busters
- Revenge of the Nerds II: Nerds in Paradise
- Tropic Thunder
- The Beach
- Zoolander
- Sucker Punch
- Wall Street
- Revenge of the Nerds
- Ocean's Thirteen
- Caddyshack
- 21
- Shrek
- Drive
- Belly
- The Matrix
- Top Gun
- Trainspotting
- Dead Presidents
- Pee-wee's Big Adventure
- Dazed and Confused
- White Chicks
- Fast Times at Ridgemont High
- American Psycho
- Weird Science
- Goodfellas
- Dirty Dancing
- Shrek the Third
- Scarface
- Ocean's Eleven
- The Hangover


text:
But shit, it was 99 cents! Awesome thrift store find!
Related posts:
The Bible Says That Gays Arent Natural
Chinese Vs German Engineering
This Isn't A Meme...
We've Got To Think Outside The Box...
If Sprint Was Honest About Facebook
Jesus Is At Sochi!
This Girl Gets Back At Her Prom Date In The Best Way Possible
Thundercats Makeup - 10 Pics


text:
|Orcas Island Newsletter!
For Email Marketing you can trust
Translate Website
Our weekly newsletter has all the details and all the events on Orcas Island! Click here to see the current copy. Like to subscribe to our newsletter? Just click here. We protect your email, and unsubscribing is a snap.
Click Here for 2016 & 2017 Event List


text:
Once Upon a Time TV Show Watchlist
Season 2, Episode 1 Broken
First Aired: September 30, 2012
In the second-season opener, the fairy-tale characters begin to remember their past lives, yet they remain in the present, and magic enters the town thanks to Mr. Gold. Meanwhile, in the fairy-tale world, Prince Phillip awakens a beauty named Aurora.
Guest Cast
Keegan Connor Tracy Keegan Connor Tracy Mother Superior/Blue Fairy
Lee Arenberg Leroy/Grumpy
David Anders Dr. Whale
Julian Morris Prince Phillip
Raphael Sbarge Jiminy Cricket/Archie
Sarah Bolger Aurora
Jamie Chung Mulan
Beverly Elliott Beverly Elliott Granny
Gabe Khouth Gabe Khouth Mr. Clark/Sneezy
Cast & Details See all »
- Rating: TV-PG
- Premise: A woman's destiny unfolds when she arrives in a modern-day town populated by fairy-tale characters. (more)
Trending TonightSee all »
Beauty and the Beast9:00 pm | CWI'll Watch372 Watching
Greatest Hits
Greatest Hits9:00 pm | ABCI'll Watch138 Watching
Big Brother9:00 pm | CBSI'll Watch124 Watching
Related Video
Once Upon a Time: Regina Discovers Hook Is Alive
And she's not pleased
Popular Shows
- 1. Game of Thrones
- 2. Castle
- 3. Jane the Virgin
- 4. Dancing with the Stars
- 5. Empire
- 6. The Flash
- 7. The Blacklist
Popular Movies
Popular Celebrities
- 1. Kit Harington
- 2. Gina Rodriguez
- 3. Emilia Clarke
- 4. Tom Hiddleston
- 5. Hayley Atwell
- 6. Michael Weatherly
- 7. Melissa Benoist


text:
Metal / Other
Los Angeles, CA
Metal / Punk
Placebo Pro
Alternative / Rock
United Kingdom
Alternative / Punk / Electronic
Manhattan, NY
Electronic / Punk / Indie
Sheffield, United Kingdom
Your comment is being submitted, please wait a moment.
Hey let me know what you think of my band STASIS!!! http://www.purevolume.com/Stasismusic Nov 24


text:
Electrical, Lighting - Energy Efficiency
Consulting-Specifying Engineer welcomes Cory Duggin, PE, LEED AP BD+C, BEMP, to editorial advisory board
Cory Duggin, energy modeling wizard at TLC Engineering for Architecture Inc., has joined the... » more
Weekly merger, acquisition, deal update: July 1
This week Morrissey Goodale reported one deal in the United States and four international deals... » more
Critical power webcast: Backup power systems
Design engineers have many factors to consider when designing a backup system for a facility....
NFPA 99: Electrical changes to the 2015 edition
NFPA 99: Health Care Facilities Code (2015 edition) covers a broad range of criteria for health... » more
High-performance medical and educational building design: HVAC
The design of high-performance medical and educational projects are challenging and need to meet... » more
Regulation of commercial, industrial fan efficiency
The new proposed Department of Energy standard will drive changes on how engineers design air... » more
Applying combined heat and power systems
Cogeneration systems, often referred to as combined heat and power (CHP) systems, generate both... » more
Adaptive reuse: Much more than historic preservation
Repurposing old buildings for retail, restaurants, and housing is more than cost-effective. In many... » more
Case StudiesView All Case Studies
Case study: Mitigating noise in...
Many acoustical challenges were resolved in this... » more
Case study: Fire protection for...
Fire protection systems were selected for a... » more
Electrical fire pump with...
In this case study, an onsite generator must... » more
WebcastsView All Webcasts
Critical power webcast: Backup power systems
Design engineers have many factors to consider when designing a backup system for a facility. Safety, maintainability, code compliance, and economics play crucial roles in determining the topology of a backup system for a...
Lighting webcast: LED specifications
Building owners are becoming more aware of and interested in selecting LEDs because of their energy efficiency and long lifespan. Register for this education session on July 28 to learn more about specifying LEDs.
Your questions answered: Designing for Minimum Flow With VFD Operation
Jim Swetye, senior technical trainer at Grundfos Pumps Corp. in Ohio tackled unanswered questions from the June 14, 2016, webcast on minimum flow considerations when using variable frequency drives (VFDs). » more
Webcast: Designing for Minimum Flow with VFD Operation
When we enter the world of variable speed pumping, we must remember that all centrifugal pumps have some minimum allowable speed and flow rates. Register for this webcast on Tuesday, June 14, 2016.
Your questions answered: What is inverter duty anyway?
Questions not addressed during the May 24 webcast "What is Inverter Duty Anyway?" are answered here. » more
Collaborating Against Counterfeit Electrical Products
Specifying engineers tasked to spec out electrical...
Several strategies give specifying engineers the opportunity to... » more
2012 Lighting Research Study
2015 Electrical and Power Study: Seven key findings...
Respondents to the Consulting-Specifying Engineer... » more


text:
Read our Lisbon city guide for information about eating out, things to do and much more.View Lisbon Guide »
Dom Sancho I is located in the heart of Lisbon on Avenida da Liberdade with the typical city districts of Alfama and... More Info »
Touching the old Madragoa district, two steps away from the Tejo river and in the midst of Santo's district, which is... More Info »
'Family Macedo's Bed & Breakfast' is located just behind the Anjos church in a lively, mixed residential area in the... More Info »
Residencial Mar dos Açores is centrally located, on the heart of Lisbon, just 15 minutes from Rossio square, 5... More Info »
Open the door to a new self catering lodging in Lisbon with our studios and apartments for rent placed in the heart... More Info »
The VIP Executive Santa Iria is a modern 4 star hotel, located in the metropolitan area of Lisbon. The Hotel combines... More Info »
The Guest House Galicia is located in Lisbon's downtown area close to the historical district where you will find the... More Info »
VIP Executive Diplomático Hotel was designed in a classic style that contemplates 90 rooms and is strategically... More Info »
Tagus Home is centrally located in the heart of Lisbon just a few minutes walk from Marques de Pombal and Avenida da... More Info »
Our guesthouse has 10 rooms (single, double, triple, shared rooms and mixed dorm rooms) and it is located in... More Info »
Pensao Monumental is located in the heart of Santo Antonio district next to Alfama, Monte Brasil and Pico Mountain... More Info »
Video guides, travel podcasts, city maps & free city guides. What to eat, where to stay and things to do and see - our travel guides have it all.Find a guide »
It's not hard to find something free to do in New Zealand; you just have to look up! Here are five ideas of what to see in this marvellous country with no need to dip into your ...Read more »
We offer the most comprehensive selection of hostels on the internet with over 33,000 great places to stay in 170 countries. The ultimate online resource for hostels everywhere.Find great value hostels »


text:
Majority in favour of a gay President
Post your comment
Comments on this article are now closed.
Reader comments
This Gallup poll saying 55% Americans would vote for a gay person is the most stupid and unbelieveable resultthe poll findings have ever published.Perhaps Americans have a more open view about gays, but those people whovote (not just asked in a poll) wouldnever have a gay for our President.Gays may be gaining in some socialareas — but as our President — PLEASE! Be realistic. I would guess that those people polled for thisissue contain very few people who vote regularing in our elections.Gays may get laws passed in some areas which I don't disagree with, but as President — an absurdity!Even Romney is getting serious criticism for his Mormonism belief.Americans — for right or wrong have strong beliefs that come from ourfundamental Christian heritage andmost of those principles still governour actions.Gallup better disclose his techniquefor gathering these results or he'll lose his credibility in future poll results.
I see there was a comment that saidI was a cretin or something like that.Probably it was in referrence to mysaying a gay could not and would not be elected a US President.Let me make my point why so.Homosexuals make up @ 2% of the population — he would not represent the majority of Americans in his views. A homosexual mindset is no different than a heterosexual mindset. Homosexuals are no more just and fair in their outlook than are heterosexuals — each has his own agenda — which I can understand.So a homosexual President would work toward promoting homosexual outcomesin various projects, etc. Just a heterosexual President would do — that's human nature (whether homo or hetero)So why would heterosexuals want a homosexual President — do youhonestly think he would be more honourable, moral,virtuous, trustworthy, etc.? than a heterosexual President? PLEASE….mankind is mankind — hetero or homo–we all have serious problems and I'll prefer my 98% rather than your 2% inrunning the USA.
"I see there was a comment that said I was a cretin or something like that. Probably it was in reference to …." the fact that you ARE a cretin Hank.Whilst I have to respect the fact that you believe in the word of the Bible. You have no right, God-given or otherwise, to try to force your beliefs on us.I think it is unlikely that you are going to convert any of us to religion that haven't already elected to believe and I'm sure I speak for everyone on here when I say we have no desire for you to join our ranks.On that basis, it might be better if you find yourself another hobby.
Well said, Sister Mary.I find if arrogant that these uneducated hill billies assume to know the intentions of god, and somewhat delusional.I love that idiots reference "I'll prefer my 98% rather than your 2% inrunning the USA" [more make-e-up kind of figures being used again]So that's why they have bumbling fool as a president who has the IQ of a banana, and is responsible for waging wars based on lies. "Fool me once, shame on — shame on you. Fool me — you can't get fooled again."Buffoon. Its the best way to describe people like this Hank idiot.
Honestley, what does it matter? you shouldnt be electing a candidate because they are gay, or because they are straight, to me, it doesnt matter. As long as they do their job well, what does it matter, being gay does not affect the way they would do their job, nor would it be any different, in fact I think I could almost say it would be a step foreward, as a gay candidate would be more likely to have more open opinions than a very narrow minded, deeply religious republican leader. however, a straight candidate who is open minded to other people and other ways of life, could possibly have a positive affect.
These comments are un-moderated and do not necessarily represent the views of PinkNews. If you believe that a comment is inappropriate or libellous, please contact us.
Most commented this week
- Nicola Sturgeon says Scotland could block UK's exit from the EU 230
- Two million Brits sign petition for second EU referendum 216
- UK votes to leave the European Union 200
- Editorial: 10 things that all Tory leadership candidates should agree on LGBT rights 92
- Pope says Church should apologise to gays… a month after saying Catholics should be free to discriminate 78
- Thousands flood the streets at Pride in London to prove that love always wins (PHOTOS) 76
- Watch: Christian hate preacher's freaky anti-gay tantrum has to be seen to be believed 61
- UK PM David Cameron will resign after country votes to leave EU 59
- Director claims Stonewall gay rights riots were a 'white event' 59
- Homosexuality and Islam: What does the Qur'an actually say about gay people? 58


text:
- List of properties
- Properties on map
38 commercial properties for sale found
£525,000 Offers in Region of
Offers in Region of £525,000
2,404 sq ft
Office for sale 162 Shilton Road, Barwell, Leicester, LE9 8BN
Substantial detached property currently with residential and office use. Potential for change into full commercial use subject to planning permission. More details ›
226 sq ft
post office for sale Main Street, LE17
Dunton Bassett Post Office occupies substantial two storey premises, ideally located within a quaint village. The business benefits from free on-street parking facilities. The business has built up an enviable reputation within the area. Three bedroom owners' accommodation. More details ›
£250,000 Guide Price
Guide Price £250,000
5,735 sq ft
Retail Property (out of town) for sale High Street, LE9
Extensive retail premises with rear warehousing, basement and on site parking More details ›
1,626 sq ft
Office for sale Unit H, Edward House, Grange Business Park, Whetstone, Leicester LE8 6EP
The property comprises ground and first floor SELF-CONTAINED offices with OPEN PLAN accommodation to the ground floor and GLAZE PARTITIONED accommodation to the upper floor. The property incorporates WCs and Kitchenette at ground floor level. More details ›
Offers Invited
Commercial Property for sale WHIRLPOOL AND SPA PRODUCTS RETAILER, LE9, Barwell, Leicestershire
Leicester, T/O £80,000, GP 52%, Established over 16 years, Ideal bolt on acquisition, Patented products, Whirlpool spa components, electronics, Huge scope for growth, Active on e-commerce sites, Leasehold, Bus £149,950+sav More details ›
570 sq ft
Takeaway for sale Harry Haddocks Central Avenue, Lutterworth, LE17
Ref 2847 The business is located on a retail parade in a densely populated area. The varied menu lends itself to the possibility of providing a delivery service to the local community, The business premise itself its quite big and kept very clean. More details ›
£10,000 Guide Price
Guide Price £10,000
Shop for sale Church Street, Leicester, Leicestershire, LE8
Long established & well known family Butchers, prominent trading position, sought after area Weekly takings £3,700, low overheads, terrific growth potential, well fitted, extensive range of valuable equipment, present owner 26 years, retirement sale, viewing recommended. Leasehold 44145 More details ›
Commercial Development for sale Mill Road, LE15
EXCEPTIONAL BOARDING KENNELS & CATTERY WITH FAMILY HOME - LEICESTERSHIRESituated in a rural location near the very desirable village of Thorpe By WaterWell presented 3 bedroom owners' accommodationIdeal husband and wife or partnership opportunityAmple number of kennels and cattery unitsGenuine More details ›
Marketed by Meridian Business Sales Ltd, Bolton. Call: 01204 521417 Local call rate
£900,000 Guide Price
Guide Price £900,000
Residential Development for sale Land to the rear of 12 Birch Close, Earl Shilton, Leicester
A development site with the benefit of planning consent granted by Hinckley and Bosworth Borough Council for the demolition of a dwelling and the erection of 14 dwellings (outline-access and layout). The land to the rear of 12 Birch Close, Earl Shilton, Leicestershire. This site is situated in a ... More details ›
Marketed by Andrew Granger & Co, Leicester. Call: 0116 452 0070 Local call rate
£800,000 Guide Price*
Guide Price* £800,000
Commercial Property for sale Burbage Road, Burbage, Hinckley, Leicestershire, LE10 2TP
For Sale by Public Auction on 22/06/2016; A single storey industrial unit of 18,225 sqft (1,693.2 sqm) with 2 storey offices and car parking at the front and side. More details ›
Marketed by Shonki Brothers Ltd, Leicester - Auctions. Call: 0116 452 0393 Local call rate
Thank you.
Your information has been sent to 0 out of 6 agents who have property to sell in the area you specified.
*Guide Price: An indication of a seller's minimum expectation at auction and given as a Guide Price or a range of Guide Prices. This is not necessarily the figure a property will sell for and is subject to change prior to the auction.
Reserve Price: Each auction property will be subject to a Reserve Price below which the property cannot be sold at auction. Normally the Reserve Price will be set within the range of Guide Prices or no more than 10% above a single Guide Price.


text:
Nish InternationalView mapKalbadevi, Mumbai, Maharashtra(Verified Supplier)
Call Us: +91-8046047872
Call Response Rate:100%
Products & Services
Related Product Categories
Ask Price
Ask Price
Ask Price
Ask Price
Ask Price
Ask Price
Ask Price
Ask Price
Company Profile
view all
NiSh International Experience - With 10 years of experience in dealing in world-class baby products, NiSh International, Mumbai, is fast becoming Western India's leading supplier of imported born baby & children s clothes & accessories. Reputation - Our products go to Gujarat, Maharashtra, Goa and several regions in South India. Due to high quality and favorable prices, we enjoy a good reputation among our customers, which includes wholesalers, stockists and departmental stores. Commitment - We always adhere to the tenet of quality as lifeblood, reputation as foundation, mutual benefit and development. We wish to build long-term trading and cooperative business relations. Please do contact us for more information.
Fact Sheet
|Year of Establishment
|Legal Status of Firm
Sole Proprietorship (Individual)
|Nature of Business
|Number of Employees
Upto 10 People
Rs. 50 Lakh - 1 Crore ( or US$ 100 K - 200 K Approx.)
Contact UsNish InternationalKapil Call Us: +91-8046047872
View mapDadi Seth Agiyari Lane, Opposite Adarsh Baug Hotel, Kalbadevi
Mumbai - 400002
Maharashtra, India
Mumbai - 400002
Maharashtra, India
Send your enquiry to this supplier


text:
|Publication number
|Publication type
|Application number
|PCT number
|Publication date
|Jun 10, 1997
|Filing date
|Feb 4, 1994
|Priority date
|Feb 5, 1993
|Fee status
|Also published as
|Publication number
|Stefan Juengst, Roland Huettinger, Jens Clark, Osamu Asano, Kouichiro Maekawa
|Original Assignee
|Patent-Treuhand-Gesellschaft Fur Elektrische Gluhlampen Mbh, Ngk Insulators Ltd.
|Export Citation
|BiBTeX, EndNote, RefMan
|Patent Citations (18), Referenced by (30), Classifications (20), Legal Events (6)
|External Links: USPTO, USPTO Assignment, Espacenet
This application is copending to the European patent application no.: 93 101 831.1, Heider et al., to which U.S. application Ser. No. 08/146,969 and Continuation application Ser. No. 08/553,827, now U.S. Pat. No. 5,592,049, Jan. 7, 1997, correspond.
The invention relates to a high-pressure discharge lamp and a method of its manufacture and, more particularly, to a ceramic discharge vessel and a current feedthrough therefor.
High-pressure discharge lamps may be high-pressure sodium discharge lamps, and, more specifically, metal halide lamps having improved color rendition. The use of a ceramic discharge vessel for the lamps enables the use of the higher temperatures required for such vessels. The lamps have typical power ratings of between 50 W-250 W. The tubular ends of the discharge vessel are closed by cylindrical ceramic end plugs comprising a metallic current feedthrough passing through the axial hole therein.
Customarily, these current feedthroughs are made of niobium tubes or pins (see U.S. Pat. No. 5,852,952, Juengst et al.). However, they are only partly suitable for lamps that are intended for a long useful life. This is due to the strong corrosion of the niobium material and, possibly, the ceramic material used for sealing the feedthrough into the plug when the lamp has a metal halide fill. An improvement is described in U.S. Pat. No. 4,545,799, to which the European Patent Specification EP-PS 136 505 corresponds. A niobium tube is tightly sealed into the plug by the shrinking process of the "green" ceramic during the final sintering without ceramic sealing material. This is readily possible because both materials have approximately the same thermal expansion coefficient (8�10-6 K-1).
Although metals such as niobium and tantalum have thermal expansion coefficients that match those of the ceramic, they are known for having poor corrosion resistance against aggressive fills and they have not yet been available for use as a current feedthrough for metal halide lamps.
Metals such as molybdenum, tungsten and rhenium have a high corrosion resistance against aggressive fills, but a low thermal expansion coefficient. Their use as a current feedthrough is, therefore, highly desirable. However, the problem of providing a gas-tight seal while using such feedthroughs has remained unsolved in the past.
It has already been attempted to use a molybdenum tube as a feedthrough, see U.S. Pat. No. 5,404,078, Bunk, et al. In order to avoid the use of ceramic sealing material which can be corroded by aggressive fill materials, the tube is gas-tightly sintered directly into the plug without any sealing material. This has to be done by a special manufacturing method.
Reference to the contents of U.S. Pat. No. 5,404,078, Bunk et al. is expressly made, especially to the manufacturing method and to the composition of the plug material.
The use of a solid molybdenum pin as a feedthrough in connection with a ceramic vessel and plug, made from alumina, has also been discussed in the past. However, the gas-tightness between the plug and the pin is obtained by using a rather corrosion resistant sealing material (glass melt or ceramic melt) or frit which is filled into the gap between the hole of the plug and the feedthrough (see for example U.S. Pat. No. 4,277,715). Preferably, pin diameters below 600 μm are used.
A detailed discussion of this technique is given in the U.S. Pat. No. 4,475,061.
From DE-A 23 07 191, to which Canadian 964,323 corresponds, and U.S. Pat. No. 4,122,042, a metal halide lamp is known which has a ceramic vessel with an electrically conductive plug made from a cermet consisting of alumina and molybdenum metal. A feedthrough of molybdenum is directly sintered into the plug.
The PCT/DE 92/00372, issued in the U.S. as U.S. Pat. No. 5,484,315, Juengst et al., describes a special filling technique for such lamps using a separate filling bore in the plug for evacuating and filling the discharge vessel. The bore is closed off after filling by means of sealing material, i.e. glass melt or ceramic melt, which, however, is in full contact with the constituents or components of the fill and, unfortunately, tends to react with these components of the fill.
It is an object of the invention to provide a ceramic discharge vessel (and a related filling technique) which is capable of resisting corrosion and remains tight under changes of temperature and which can be used, more particularly, for ceramic vessels having a metal halide containing fill, and to provide a method of making how these vessels and, more particularly, to closing a filling bore of the vessel.
Briefly, a discharge vessel, which defines a discharge volume and retains an ionizable fill, has two ends which are closed off by plugs which are sintered directly into the vessel to gas-tightly close off the ends. The vessel, or a plug, is formed with a small filling bore to permit evacuating the discharge volume and/or filling the interior of the vessel with the ionizable fill. The combination of a plug-like member or stopper and sealing material, together, then sealingly close the filling bore after the fill has been introduced into the vessel. The sealing material and plug-like member and stopper are so arranged in the combination that only a minimum of sealing material is in contact with the fill in the discharge volume.
Lamps with such vessels have a good long-time gas-tightness and a good maintenance because the contact between the sealing material or frit and the aggressive fill is reduced to a rather low level.
It is an important feature of the invention that the plug members are sintered directly into the vessel ends. Thus, no sealing material (or only a very small amount of it) is in contact with the discharge volume. To achieve this requirement, the plugs can even be integral parts of the vessel ends. Any other technique, which relates to the sealing of the plugs and dramatically reduces the amount of sealing material which is in contact with the discharge volume, may be equivalent to the direct sintering technique.
The specific features of the plug and/or the current feedthrough are of minor importance; rather sealing material or frit which is in direct contact with the discharge volume is minimized.
For example, the plug may be made from an electrically conducting cermet, as discussed, for instance, in FIG. 9 of U.S. Pat. No. 5,484,815, Juengst et al. Here, a separate feedthrough can be dispensed with.
The plug may be made from a non-conductive material such as alumina ceramic or from a non-conductive cermet (composite material) as described in U.S. Pat. No. 5,404,078, Bunk et al., to which the European Patent Application 528 428 corresponds, where a metallic feedthrough extending through the plug is used. Preferably the feedthrough is arranged in the plug in such a way that no sealing material or frit is in contact with the discharge volume. Direct sintering of a molybdenum feedthrough, which may be a tube or, particularly preferably, a rod or pin, is preferred. Other materials such as tungsten or rhenium may also be used. They have a thermal expansion coefficient between 4 and 7�10-6 K-1 which is similar to that of molybdenum. A system using two plugs which are directly sintered into the vessel ends and two molybdenum pins directly sintered into the plugs is especially advantageous.
In the manufacture of the lamp, the first end of the discharge vessel, which is the blind end, is gas-tightly closed. The second end, that is the end through which the fill is introduced, however, is provided with a small filling bore. The fill may include halogen-containing components. The filling bore may be located in the wall of the vessel end close to the plug to avoid direct contact with the condensed components of the fill. In another embodiment, the bore may be provided in the plug itself, for instance, as an eccentric hole near the feedthrough which is frequently arranged in an axial bore. The temperature of the plug region is lower than the temperature of the wall of the discharge vessel, and chemical reaction between the sealing material and the components of the fill is retarded. Heretofore, the filling bore was closed with sealing material alone. The disadvantages are as follows: the quantity of the required glass sealing material is relatively large; the capillary forces are not very strong when a rather "large" hole or gap has to be filled so that the sealing process takes long and cannot readily be reproduced; the sealing material solidifies inhomogeneously and becomes subject to the formation of cracks therein since during cooling of the sealing material the temperatures in the middle of the hole or gap are higher than at the outside of the hole; the reaction of the components of the fill with the glass sealing material is intensified as a result of the larger quantities of sealing material.
In accordance with a feature of the invention, a stopper is used which fits into the filling bore. There are several advantages in this. The dimensions of the bore can be made larger so that the filling procedure will be simplified. Moreover, the amount of sealing material in the filling bore which is in contact with the discharge volume and which thus may be in contact with the components of the fill and has heretofore been critical is now drastically reduced. The most astonishing fact is that this improvement is sufficient to remarkably extend lifetime and maintenance of the lamps. The reason for this is that the area of the filling bore is the sole contact zone or area between the sealing material which is subject to corrosion, and the discharge volume. The stopper reduces this contact area by more than 50% and provides a base for further specific improvement. Moreover, the sealing process is greatly facilitated, the solidification of the sealing material and hence its sealing characteristics are improved, and reactions with the fill are reduced. Preferably, the length of the stopper is shorter than the length of the filling bore in order to shift the contact zone between sealing material and fill components where a chemical reaction can take place from the hot inner surface of the wall of the discharge vessel to the cooler region inside the bore.
This is of major importance when the fill bore, rather than in the wall of the discharge vessel, is located in the plug itself because the thickness of the plug and, therefore, the temperature gradient resulting from the length difference between stopper and bore is much higher than that of the wall of the discharge vessel.
In such an embodiment the sealing material adheres to the stopper fitting only into a part of the bore, and therefore stays well inside the bore. The difference in length is preferably larger than 20%. The lower temperature of the contact area which has thus been obtained results in a reduced reaction between sealing material and fill components. This leads to better maintenance of the luminous flux and of the color rendering index.
The stopper has at least a main part which fits into the filling bore. The bore and the main part of the stopper generally both have circular cross-section, and the diameter of the stopper is slightly smaller, preferably 2%-10% smaller, than the diameter of the bore.
Preferably the materials of the plug and of the stopper are ceramic-like and do not differ substantially; their coefficients of thermal expansion are equal or only slightly different, with the coefficient of thermal expansion of the stopper being higher. Alumina or a composite material having alumina as its main component are preferred materials. In a preferred embodiment, the stopper is made from alumina and the plug is made from a cermet-like composite material made from alumina as a main component and a second material having a lower coefficient of thermal expansion (preferably, tungsten or molybdenum). The effect of this construction is that the plug is under a compressive strain after the sealing process. The stopper, in contrast, is under a tensile strain. The stability of ceramic-like materials against compressive strain is greater than against tensile strain, which is of more importance for the rather fragile (cermet) plug than for the comparatively compact stopper. As a result of this, the seal remains tight over a longer time.
To render closing of the bore more easy, the stopper is preferably provided with an extension part which has at least one cross dimension that is larger than the diameter of the bore. Thus, insertion of this extension part into the bore is not possible, and the stopper can hold itself in the bore before the sealing material is applied.
In a first embodiment, this extension part is formed like a knob. It may, for example, be a second cylindrical part having a diameter larger than the main part and, naturally, larger also than the filling bore. Thus the stopper as a whole consists of two pin-like parts with different diameters.
In a second embodiment, the extension part basically has the same diameter as the main part but it has a squeezed or flattened part, the squeezed or flattened portion being formed when the stopper, which is made, for example, from ceramic, is still in its "green" state.
It is of special advantage to carefully choose the length of the extension part so that it can be of assistance during the final sealing procedure. This can be understood as follows: the discharge vessel, generally, is a tube with two ends which are both closed by plugs, to which the respective electrode systems have already been attached, which are inserted into the vessel ends in their green state and are then sintered together with the green vessel to result in a gas-tightly sintered body. One of the plugs, or the vessel itself, is provided with a filling bore through which the discharge volume can be evacuated and then filled with metal (mercury) and metal halides and, optionally, with inert gas, especially within a glove box with an inert gas atmosphere (for example, argon at normal pressure). In order to close off the end with the filling bore therein, the stopper is inserted into the filling bore, and a ring of glass sealing material or ceramic sealing material is applied around the stopper at the surface of the plug outside the discharge vessel. Before executing further steps, a weight is placed on the discharge vessel which is arranged in a vertical position so that the second end of the discharge vessel is the upper end. The weight preferably has an axial opening into which the outer end of the feedthrough or current lead connected to the plug fits. The weight presses against the upper end of the long extension part of the stopper and counteracts the outwardly directed pressure of further filling and closing steps.
If an inert gas with low pressure (below 1 bar) is to be introduced as a filling atmosphere in the vessel, a separate part or chamber of the glove box is evacuated, while the vessel is positioned in this chamber, until the low pressure is reached. Evacuation of the vessel through the narrow gap between bore and stopper takes more time than evacuation of the chamber itself and generates for the first time an outwardly directed pressure.
Then the ring of sealing material is heated together with the end portion of the vessel or, more customarily, the whole discharge vessel, until it is liquefied and runs into the gaps occurring between the wall of the filling bore and the stopper.
To ensure that the liquid frit provides for good wetting of the parts surrounding the gap and to ensure that the gap is perfectly filled with the frit, the heating process has to be continued for some time. This leads to an increase of the fill pressure inside the vessel which tends to press the stopper and the liquefied sealing material or frit out of the bore, that is, out of the vessel.
Whereas it is possible to counteract this effect of outwardly directed pressure by costly or time-consuming measures (see for example U.S. Pat. No. 5,446,341) such as, for instance, increasing the pressure on the outside of the vessel which requires careful observation and control, the concept of a stopper, preferably with a long extension part which permits to be held in position by a weight, provides a very simple solution for dealing with this problem, which arises once or optionally twice. The stopper is held inside the bore and, as a consequence, capillary forces also retain the liquefied sealing material in the small gap between the stopper and the wall of the filling bore. Thus, the whole arrangement withstands the increased pressure.
The length of the extension part is preferably far larger (for example, more than three times as large) than the thickness of the not yet liquefied sealing material because, otherwise, the liquefied sealing material would contact the weight and connect it to the vessel end by creeping along the extension part and/or current lead owing to its good wettability characteristics.
The end region of the filling bore, at the outer surface of the plug, can be provided with an increased diameter compared with the remaining part of the bore, like a funnel. This simplifies insertion of solid and/or liquid constituents and, later on, of the stopper into the bore.
All factors considered, the concept of a filling bore and a stopper for closing it as herein described is the best realisation of a lamp in which a sealing material in contact with the discharge volume and the fill retained therein is avoided as much as possible.
The two feedthroughs preferably are both pin-like; however, one may also be pin-like and the other tube-like; or, they may be substituted by electrically conductive cermet plugs. The copending application Heider et al., to which U.S. patent application Ser. No. 08/146,969 and Continuation application Ser. No. 08/553,827, now U.S. Pat. No. 5,592,049, Jan. 7, 1997, correspond describes further details of such lamps, for example, a composition of a sealing material which is well suited and a preferred composition of the plug material.
The invention will now be more closely described by way of several practical examples.
FIG. 1 shows a metal halide lamp having a ceramic discharge vessel;
FIG. 1a is an enlarged view of a detail within a circle of FIG. 1;
FIG. 2 shows another embodiment of the filling end of a discharge vessel;
FIGS. 3a, 3b and 3c show a sequential step for another embodiment of the filling and closing procedure;
FIG. 4 shows an embodiment of the stopper in enlarged view; and
FIG. 5 shows another embodiment of such a discharge vessel end after the final step of closing off the filling bore.
FIG. 1 shows, schematically, a metal halide discharge lamp having a power rating of 150 W. It includes a cylindrical outer envelope 1 of quartz glass or hard glass defining a lamp axis. The outer envelope is pinch-sealed at 2 on both sides and supplied with bases 3. The axially aligned discharge vessel 8 of alumina ceramic has a barrel-shaped middle portion 4 and cylindrical ends 9a, 9b, collectively 9. It is supported in the outer envelope 1 by means of two current supply leads 6 which are connected via foils 5 to the bases 3. The current supply leads 6 are welded to pin-like current feedthroughs 10a, 10b, collectively 10 which are directly sintered into a central axial hole in the respective ceramic plugs 11 of composite material at the end of the discharge vessel.
The two solid current feedthroughs 10 of molybdenum each support an electrode system 12 on the side facing the discharge. The electrode system has an electrode shaft 13 and a coil 14 slipped onto the end of the electrode shaft on the side facing the discharge. The shaft of the electrode may be gas-tightly connected by a butt-weld to the end of the current feedthrough or, as shown, may act itself as the feedthrough. A pin-like feedthrough 10 of 300 μm diameter is used at both ends 9 of the discharge vessel 8.
The fill of the discharge vessel comprises, in addition to an inert starting gas such as, for example, argon, mercury and additives of metal halides. In another example the mercury component can be omitted. The cold filling pressure of the inert gas may be above or below 1 bar.
Both plugs 11a, 11b, collectively 11 are made from a composite material which is ceramic and electrically non-conductive and consists of 70% by weight of alumina and 30% tungsten. The thermal expansion coefficient of this material is about 6.5�10-6 K-1 and lies between the thermal expansion coefficents of pure alumina (8.5�10-6 K-1) of the vessel 8 and of the molybdenum pin 10 (5�10-6 K-1).
At the first end 9a of the vessel, which is the blind end, the first plug 11a is directly sintered into the end 9a. The gas-tightness is additionally accomplished by a sealing layer 7a covering the outer surface 18 of the first plug 11a in the vicinity of the feedthrough 10a.
The sealing material 7a may comprise as already known at least Al2 O3, SiO2, La2 O3. Y2 O3 ; MoO3 and/or WO3 may be added.
At the second end 9b of the vessel, which is the pump end, the second plug 11b is likewise directly sintered. Similar to the first plug, a sealing layer 7a covers the interface between the feedthrough 10b and the plug 11b at the surface 18 facing away from the discharge volume. In principle, any suitable sealing material can be used.
A filling bore 25 with a diameter of 1 mm is arranged separately in the wall of the vessel near the second end 9b thereof. Preferably, it is 1 mm or more away from the surface of the second plug 11b facing the discharge volume. The reason is that the aggressive metal halide fill components may tend to condense around the surface of the plug if the lamp is operated in vertical position. If there is any sealing material which is in contact with the discharge volume in this region, it can be attacked by these aggressive fill components.
Evacuating and filling is performed through the small filling bore 25 which is closed after filling.
In accordance with a feature of the invention, the bore 25 is closed by inserting a small stopper 26 (see also the enlarged detail of FIG. 1a) made from a ceramic, which comprises substantially alumina, and sealing gastightly a gap between the bore 25 and the inserted plug-like stopper 26 with a sealing material 7d which may be the same as that used at the surface of the plugs. The main part 27 of the stopper terminates flush with the inside surface of the wall of the discharge vessel. The extension part 28 is knob-like and has a diameter larger than the filling bore 25 (about 1.5 mm). The closing may be accomplished by locally heating the second end or by heating the whole vessel, the stopper being held in position during this heating.
FIG. 2 shows, highly schematically, a further preferred embodiment. Only the region of the second vessel end 9b is shown in detail. The plug 11b itself, made from alumina, is provided with an eccentric filling bore 20 having a diameter of about 1.0 mm beside the axially aligned pin-like feedthrough 10 which is connected to the electrode system 12.
The stopper 21 has a cylindrical main part 22 which extends only over about 70% of the length of the filling bore 20. The gap between bore and stopper is filled with ceramic sealing material 23. The part of the bore 20 facing the discharge is free from this material. The extension part 24 of the stopper is again cylindrical but its diameter is larger than the bore diameter. Its length is comparable to that of the main part. The stopper 21 is also made from alumina.
FIG. 3, collectively, illustrates another embodiment, and the steps of filling and closing-off the discharge volume. Again the plug 11b is sintered directly into the second vessel end 9b. Whereas the vessel 8 is made from alumina, the plug 11b, by way of example, is made from an electrically non-conductive cermet (composite material with alumina as the main component of 70% thereof. The feedthrough-and-electrode system 12 is similar to that of FIG. 2. The filling bore 30 again is arranged in the plug 11b; its diameter is 0.70 mm. The outer part 35 of the bore is funnel-shaped, the diameter increasing to 1.2 mm. In this embodiment, the vessel end 9b is slightly longer (by about 0.5 mm) than the plug 11b (FIG. 3a). Thus, it serves as a barrier for the solid and/or liquid fill constituents, for example mercury and tiny pills 60 made from metal halides. They are prevented from falling beneath the vessel instead of passing the funnel 35 and the rest of the bore 30. After filling the non-gaseous constituents in the discharge vessel, a pin-like stopper 31 (which is shown in detail in FIG. 4) having a diameter of 0.67 mm is inserted in the filling bore 30 (FIG. 3b). The main part 32 of the stopper is held in the bore by means of an extension part 34 which has a central squeezed or flattened portion 36 (connected to the main part 32) which has a thickness of only 0.3 mm, a length of about 1.5 mm, and a width of 1.0 mm. The rest of the extension part (5 mm long) is similar to the main part. The overall length of the stopper pin 31 is about 11.5 mm. A ring 33 of ceramic sealing material surrounds the extension part 34 and, preferably, also the outer part of the feedthrough or current lead 10 (FIG. 3b).
A weight 39 is applied to the top of the stopper pin 31. It is made from a heavy block of metal (for example, molybdenum) and is fixed in position by means of the feedthrough 10 which fits into a central bore 37 in the weight 39. The weight 39 presses against the upper end of the stopper 31 and thus acts against the outwardly directed pressure which occurs in subsequent manufacturing steps. The assembly shown in FIG. 3b is mounted in a glove-box in an inert gas atmosphere (1 bar), for example, argon or N2. After positioning of the weight 39, the whole assembly is transferred into a separate receptacle connected to the glove-box which is then closed off from the glove-box and evacuated. This means that the inert gas may be evacuated entirely and the desired fill gas (for example, argon or xenon) may be let in. Another possibility is to only reduce the pressure of the inert gas atmosphere (for example, from 1 bar to 0.7 bar) and to directly use it as the fill gas. Nevertheless, in both cases an outwardly directed pressure results because of the narrow gap between the bore and the stopper. A third possibility is to increase the pressure of the inert gas atmosphere to a desired fill pressure of more than 1 bar.
In a further step the ring 33 of sealing material, which has a thickness of about 0.5 to 1 mm, is liquefied by applying heat thereto as symbolized by arrow 38 (FIG. 3b) and runs into the gap. The heating may be carried out by a burner or in a furnace, an increasing filling pressure inside the vessel results during heating. Thus, the use of weight 3a is very helpful to counteract this problem which is inherent to any combination of a filled vessel which is sealed by applying heat.
The distance between the surface 18 of the plug and the weight 39 (FIG. 3b) is preferably at least 5 mm to ensure that the wetting 50 of the pin 10 and/or the stopper 31 takes place far away from the weight 39.
After the liquefied sealing material 33 has run into the gap between the main part 32 of the stopper and the wall of the bore 30, the furnace 38 is removed, the sealed vessel together with the weight 39 is transferred back into the glove-box, and the weight taken away (FIG. 3c). The extension part 34 of the stopper can be severed so as to leave only a small stud of the flattened part 36. The severing of the extension part is very easy because the flattened part is very thin.
The stud 40 is illustrated by FIG. 5 in which a further embodiment is shown. The configuration at the vessel end 9b is slightly changed by using a plug 16 made from an electrically conductive cermet and a stopper 31 having a shank 32 made from alumina. The plug 16 itself acts as a feedthrough. It connects an electrode 12 with an outer current lead 17.
Various other changes and modifications may be made, and any features described in different embodiments may be used in combination, within the scope of the inventive concept. The length of the main part of the stopper depends on the location of the filling bore and the thickness of the wall or of the plug. Other materials than alumina may be used, for example AlN.
|Cited Patent
|Filing date
|Publication date
|Aug 11, 1961
|May 5, 1964
|Engelhard Hanovia Inc
|Electrical discharge device
|Jul 28, 1977
|Oct 24, 1978
|U.S. Philips Corporation
|Composite body useful in gas discharge lamp
|May 7, 1979
|Jul 7, 1981
|U.S. Philips Corporation
|Electric gas discharge lamp
|Aug 27, 1981
|Oct 2, 1984
|U.S. Philips Corporation
|High-pressure discharge lamp current supply member and mounting seal construction
|Sep 6, 1983
|Oct 8, 1985
|Gte Laboratories Incorporated
|Method of making direct seal between niobium and ceramics
|Oct 1, 1992
|Oct 4, 1994
|Patent-Treuhand-Gesellschaft F. Elektrische Gluehlampen Mbh
|High-pressure discharge lamp with ceramic discharge vessel
|Jul 13, 1992
|Apr 4, 1995
|Patent-Treuhand-Gesellschaft Fur Elektrische Gluhlampen Mbh
|High-pressure discharge lamp and method of manufacture
|May 27, 1993
|Aug 29, 1995
|Patent-Treuhand-Gesellschaft F. Elektrische Gluehlampen Mbh
|High-pressure electric discharge lamp with tight lead-through pin electrode connection and method of its manufacture
|May 6, 1992
|Jan 16, 1996
|Patent-Treuhand-Gesellschaft F. Elektrische Gluehlampen Mbh
|Method for producing a metal-halide discharge lamp with a ceramic discharge vessel
|Oct 11, 1991
|Dec 5, 1991
|Patent-Treuhand-Gesellschaft Fuer Elektrische Gluehlampen Mbh, 8000 Muenchen, De
|Title not available
|Nov 13, 1981
|Jun 2, 1982
|GTE Laboratories Incorporated
|Vacuum-tight assembly
|Feb 26, 1982
|Sep 22, 1982
|Philips Electronics N.V.
|Composite body
|Aug 17, 1984
|Nov 2, 1988
|GTE Laboratories Incorporated
|Direct seal between niobium and ceramics
|Dec 23, 1987
|Jun 29, 1988
|Ngk Insulators, Ltd.
|Ceramic envelope device for high-pressure discharge lamp
|Aug 13, 1991
|Feb 26, 1992
|Patent-Treuhand-Gesellschaft f�r elektrische Gl�hlampen mbH
|High-pressure discharge lamp
|Aug 20, 1992
|Feb 24, 1993
|Patent-Treuhand-Gesellschaft f�r elektrische Gl�hlampen mbH
|High-pressure discharge lamp and method of manufacture
|Title not available
|Title not available
|Citing Patent
|Filing date
|Publication date
|Jun 27, 1997
|Jan 19, 1999
|Osram Sylvania Inc.
|Ceramic envelope device, lamp with such a device, and method of manufacture of such devices
|Jul 17, 1998
|May 30, 2000
|Osram Sylvania Inc.
|Mercury-free metal halide lamp
|Jun 23, 1998
|Jan 30, 2001
|Patent-Treuhand-Gesellschaft F. Elektrische Gluehlampen Mbh
|Metal halide or sodium high pressure lamp with cermet of alumina, molybdenum and tungsten
|Jun 23, 1998
|Feb 27, 2001
|Patent-Treuhand-Gesellschaft F. Elektrische Gluehlampen Mbh
|Metal halide lamp with aluminum gradated stacked plugs
|Feb 2, 2001
|Mar 4, 2003
|Matsushita Research And Development Laboratories Inc
|Seal for ceramic metal halide discharge lamp
|Jun 24, 2002
|Feb 15, 2005
|Matsushita Electric Industrial Co., Ltd.
|Seal for ceramic metal halide discharge lamp chamber
|May 8, 2001
|Mar 1, 2005
|Koninklijke Philips Electronics N.V.
|Coil antenna/protection for ceramic metal halide lamps
|Apr 9, 2002
|Oct 11, 2005
|Ngk Insulators, Ltd.
|Method of manufacturing molded body, slurry for molding, core for molding, method of manufacturing core for molding, hollow ceramic molded body, and light emitting container
|Sep 13, 2004
|Feb 19, 2008
|Koninklijke Philips Electronics, N.V.
|Coil antenna/protection for ceramic metal halide lamps
|Aug 12, 2005
|Aug 5, 2008
|Ngk Insulators, Ltd.
|Core for molding hollow ceramic molded body and light emitting container
|Feb 4, 2005
|Sep 15, 2009
|Seiko Epson Corporation
|Lamp device, manufacturing method for same and projector having a lamp device
|Dec 14, 2007
|Jan 10, 2012
|Koninklijke Philips Electronics N.V.
|High-pressure discharge lamp having a ceramic discharge vessel directly sealed to a rod
|Sep 10, 2008
|Nov 13, 2012
|General Electric Company
|Lamp having metal conductor bonded to ceramic leg member
|Dec 13, 2007
|Nov 5, 2013
|Koninklijke Philips N.V.
|Ceramic burner for ceramic metal halide lamp
|Apr 9, 2002
|Oct 9, 2003
|Sugio Miyazawa
|Method of manufacturing molded body, slurry for molding, core for molding, method of manufacturing core for molding, hollow ceramic molded body, and light emitting container
|Jun 24, 2002
|Dec 25, 2003
|Matsushita Electric Industrial Co., Ltd.
|Ceramic metal halide discharge lamp construction
|Feb 4, 2005
|Aug 11, 2005
|Seiko Epson Corporation
|Lamp device, manufacturing method for same and projector having a lamp device
|Aug 12, 2005
|Dec 29, 2005
|Ngk Insulators, Ltd.
|Method of manufacturing molded body, slurry for molding, core for molding, method of manufacturing core for molding, hollow ceramic molded body, and light emitting container
|Jun 30, 2004
|Jan 5, 2006
|Vartuli James S
|System and method for design of projector lamp
|Dec 18, 2003
|Jun 15, 2006
|Meeuwsen Johannes F
|Method for filling a lamp with gas and a lamp filled with gas
|Dec 14, 2007
|Oct 29, 2009
|Koninklijke Philips Electronics N.V.
|High-pressure discharge lamp having a ceramic discharge vessel
|Dec 13, 2007
|Feb 4, 2010
|Koninklijke Philips Electronics N.V.
|Ceramic burner for ceramic metal halide lamp
|Dec 13, 2007
|Feb 4, 2010
|Koninklijke Philips Electronics N.V.
|Metal halide lamp and a ceramic burner for such a lamp
|Sep 10, 2008
|Mar 11, 2010
|General Electric Company
|Method for bonding ceramic to metal and ceramic arc tube with ceramic to metal bond
|Dec 13, 2007
|Oct 5, 2011
|Ceramic burner for ceramic metal halide lamp
|Jun 3, 1998
|Dec 30, 1998
|Osram Sylvania Inc.
|Ceramic envelope device, lamp with such a device, and method of manufacture of such devices
|May 23, 2005
|Jan 19, 2006
|General Electric Company
|Lamp comprising an end structure for supporting an arc electrode and receiving a dosing material, and methods of forming such lamp
|May 23, 2005
|Jul 13, 2006
|Gen Electric
|Lamp comprising an end structure for supporting an arc electrode and receiving a dosing material, and methods of forming such lamp
|Dec 13, 2007
|Jul 3, 2008
|Koninklijke Philips Electronics N.V.
|A metal halide lamp and a ceramic burner for such a lamp
|Dec 13, 2007
|Jul 3, 2008
|Koninklijke Philips Electronics N.V.
|Ceramic burner for ceramic metal halide lamp
|U.S. Classification
|313/625, 313/623, 313/624, 445/44
|International Classification
|Cooperative Classification
|European Classification
|Jul 11, 1995
Owner name: NGK INSULATORS LTD., JAPAN
Free format text: ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST;ASSIGNORS:JUENGST, STEFAN;HUETTINGER, ROLAND;CLARK, JENS;AND OTHERS;REEL/FRAME:007632/0651;SIGNING DATES FROM 19950619 TO 19950627
Owner name: PATENT-TREUHAND-GESELLSCHAFT FUR ELEKTRISCHE GLUHL
Free format text: ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST;ASSIGNORS:JUENGST, STEFAN;HUETTINGER, ROLAND;CLARK, JENS;AND OTHERS;REEL/FRAME:007632/0651;SIGNING DATES FROM 19950619 TO 19950627
|Nov 21, 2000
|Fee payment
Year of fee payment: 4
|Nov 1, 2004
|Fee payment
Year of fee payment: 8
|Dec 15, 2008
|Maintenance fee reminder mailed
|Jun 10, 2009
|Lapse for failure to pay maintenance fees
|Jul 28, 2009
|Expired due to failure to pay maintenance fee
Effective date: 20090610