text:
Risk of repeat attacks in heart patients causes concern for doctors
An international study, led by the University of Edinburgh, raises concerns that some patients may not be receiving the optimum medical treatment and follow-up care because doctors are misjudging the risk of a further heart attack. Researchers looked at data taken from the Global Registry of Coronary Events that included more than 46,000 heart attack patients from 115 hospitals in 14 countries.
The likelihood of patients having a further heart attack, or dying, was then compared with whether they had originally been admitted with a "full" heart attack – where the artery was completely blocked – or an "incomplete" heart attack - where there was only partial blockage of the artery.
The findings, published in the September edition of the journal Nature Clinical Practice, contradict the assumption that patients whose arteries had been completely, instead of partially, blocked are the most at risk after they are discharged from hospital.
While patients with full heart attacks were more likely to have another heart attack or die within the first 15 days, the risk for those whose heart attack was originally considered not as severe (incomplete blockage of the artery) overtook the full heart attack group after 26 days.
Professor Keith Fox, British Heart Foundation Professor of Cardiology at the University of Edinburgh, who will present his findings at the European Society of Cardiology in Munich next week, said: "Two-thirds of adverse events after a heart attack – which may be a further heart attack, stroke or major bleed – happen after a patient has been discharged from hospital.
"Our findings are of concern because we believe that the risk for patients whose heart attack was originally considered not as severe may be being misjudged. As a result there may be some patients who should be, but are not, receiving treatments such as the placing of stents to open up the artery, drug treatments and lifestyle changes which could prevent a further heart attack from occurring.
"This does not mean to say that all patients who have had a heart attack will need surgical intervention, but that doctors should carry out a simple recommended risk assessment that unfortunately is not being routinely used, but which takes in a variety of factors to help work out the best treatment."
Source: University of Edinburgh
Articles on the same topic
- Heart attack patients who stop statin risk death, say McGill researchersWed, 27 Aug 2008, 13:08:15 EDT
Other sources
- Risk Of Repeat Attacks In Heart Patients Causes Concern For Doctorsfrom Science DailyFri, 29 Aug 2008, 10:28:20 EDT
- Risk of repeat attacks in heart patients causes concern for doctorsfrom PhysorgThu, 28 Aug 2008, 11:14:21 EDT
- Risk Of Repeat Attacks In Heart Patients Causes Concern For Doctorsfrom Science DailyThu, 28 Aug 2008, 10:28:14 EDT
- Heart Attack Patients Who Stop Statin Risk Death, Say Researchersfrom Science DailyWed, 27 Aug 2008, 23:35:26 EDT
- Heart attack patients who stop statin risk death, say researchersfrom PhysorgWed, 27 Aug 2008, 13:07:15 EDT
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text:
Belle photo;merci elakramine.
Merci mohnass pour votre commentaire.
YSL 1/1, for this beautiful picture!!! My friendly greetings, Armando
Charming. 2*/2. Greetings
Dear Panoramio Friends ,
Thank you very much for visit, kind words and for the YSL: 2/2
Best regards, Elakramine
Very nice photo! LIKE 3.
Best wishes, Gerda
Dear Gerda Biegl ,
Thank you very much for your appreciated comments and For LIKE
Greetings, elakramine
Like! Very good photo!
Greetings from Brasília!
Dear RNLatvian ,
Thank you very much for your appreciated comments and For LIKE: 4
Greetings, elakramine
Photo taken in Sindibad, Morocco

subset: commoncrawl


text:
мои обычные
by Delamberg
About this Collection
мои обычные приллжения
8 Add-ons in this Collection
Firebug by Joe Hewitt, Jan Odvarko, others
2,262,657 users
Firebug integrates with Firefox to put a wealth of development tools at your fingertips while you browse. You can edit, debug, and monitor CSS, HTML, and JavaScript live in any web page...
Flagfox by Dave G
518,625 users
Displays a country flag depicting the location of the current website's server and provides a multitude of tools such as site safety checks, whois, translation, similar sites, validation, URL shortening, and more...
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PDF Download by Nitro PDF Software
90,664 users
Use PDF Download to do whatever you like with PDF files on the Web. Regain control and eliminate browser problems, view PDFs directly in Firefox as HTML, and use the all-new Web-to-PDF toolbar to save and share Web pages as high-quality PDF files.
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StumbleUpon is the easiest way to discover new and interesting photos, videos, web pages and more, recommended by a community of experts. Tell us what you are interested in and we recommend page after page of amazing stuff you'd never expect to see.
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Add some facilities to work with LiveJournal.
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text:
Fact file: The SA Tactical Intelligence Corps
Written by Leon Engelbrecht, Tuesday, 09 February 2010
Commanders have always had a need for intelligence and security, but, like many other functions described in this section, this was provided in an ad hoc fashion by amateurs until quite recently. Perhaps as a result of their experiences in the Anglo South African Boer War, proposals were made in 1905 for the British to establish such a corps. The corps was only established in 1914 and was disbanded in 1929. It was reformed in 1940.
Pic: Scouts from 1 SA Intelligence Regiment check their position during a night movement to a hide on the training range at the SA Army Combat Training Centre in November 2006. The regiment is charged with battlefield surveillance.
Mission: To provide verified information and analysis about enemy intentions, plans and capabilities to commanders and deny the opponent the same through pro-active counterintelligence measures and, in cooperation with the military police, security.
Corps colours: Red Silver Green
Beret colour: Black
Collar badge: Jackal head (White backing: formation HQ, Red backing: School, Green backing: Regiment)
Motto: Exploratio (To explore)
Brief history in SA: -
All tactical intelligence units are assigned to the SA Army Tactical Intelligence Formation under the charge of an Officer Commanding (OC).
The OC answers directly to SA Army chief Lt Gen Solly Shoke. Assisting the GOC is a
Chief of Staff
Formation Warrant Officer
Personal Staff
The formation is structured as follows:
SA Army Tactical Intelligence School, Kimberley1
1 SA Tactical Intelligence Regiment, Kimberley
2 SA Tactical Intelligence Regiment, Kimberley
1 Units marked in BLUE are regular fulltime service and those in RED are Reserve Force
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AT4 Roquette NG, Carl-Gustaf M4 and NLAW lands at Eurosatory 2016
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text:
|Name: _________________________
|Period: ___________________
This test consists of 5 short answer questions, 10 short essay questions, and 1 (of 3) essay topics.
Short Answer Questions
1. Where does Aunt Florence say the young woman that stands by Gabriel's side now is?
2. What is John worried about as he enters the movie theater?
3. Whose presence at church surprises John?
4. What chore does John have to do at the church?
5. Where did Florence's father leave for after Gabriel's birth?
Short Essay Questions
1. What convinced Florence to move north?
2. Why is John denied such pleasures as dancing?
3. How did Elizabeth meet Gabriel?
4. What reason does Florence give for her mother being religious?
5. Why does Gabriel like Deborah?
6. What vision does John have about Gabriel?
7. What does the reader learn about John and Gabriel's relationship in this chapter?
8. How did Gabriel become the star of a religious conference in Chicago?
9. Describe the John's upbringing.
10. Why does John think God will punish him for his sins?
Essay Topics
Write an essay for ONE of the following topics:
Essay Topic 1
Examine the representation of white people in the book. Why does Baldwin not represent white people in his novel? What affect does this have on the readers perception of white people during this time?
Essay Topic 2
How was thirties Harlem different to the Harlem today? Why did Harlem become such a hotbed for political activism and musicians? Was it the same in any other black ghetto areas in the states or is Harlem unique?
Essay Topic 3
How did the American public and critics react to the Go Tell It on the Mountain when it was first released? How would people react to the novel if it was released today?
This section contains 730 words
(approx. 3 pages at 300 words per page)


text:
BBB Accredited Business since 04/30/2009
Safe Step Walk-In Tub Co. (Headquarters)
Phone: (615) 391-0001Fax: (615) 523-1627View Additional Phone Numbers402 Bna Dr STE 350, Nashville, TN 37217-2518 Send email to Safe Step Walk-In Tub Co.www.safestepwalkintub.comView Additional Web Addresses
BBB Business Reviews may not be reproduced for sales or promotional purposes.
Request a Quote
BBB Accreditation
A BBB Accredited Business since 04/30/2009
BBB has determined that Safe Step Walk-In Tub Co. meets BBB accreditation standards, which include a commitment to make a good faith effort to resolve any consumer complaints. BBB Accredited Businesses pay a fee for accreditation review/monitoring and for support of BBB services to the public.
BBB accreditation does not mean that the business' products or services have been evaluated or endorsed by BBB, or that BBB has made a determination as to the business' product quality or competency in performing services.
Reason for Rating
BBB rating is based on 13 factors. Get the details about the factors considered.
Factors that raised Safe Step Walk-In Tub Co.'s rating include:
- Length of time business has been operating.
- Complaint volume filed with BBB for business of this size.
- Response to 23 complaint(s) filed against business.
- Resolution of complaint(s) filed against business.
Customer Complaints SummaryRead complaint details
|Complaint Type
|Total Closed Complaints
|Advertising / Sales Issues
|Guarantee / Warranty Issues
|Problems with Product / Service
|Billing / Collection Issues
|Delivery Issues
|Total Closed Complaints
Additional Complaint Information
This company encourages consumers to contact Sheema Steele at 615-391-0001 ext. 120 or 615-690-6635, and via email would be email@example.com. Please allow her 48 to 72 hours (excluding weekends and holidays) to address any concerns prior to filing a complaint with BBB.
Read Complaints | Definitions | BBB Complaint Process | File a Complaint
Customer Reviews Summary Read customer reviews
0 Customer Reviews Customer Reviews on Safe Step Walk-In Tub Co.
|Customer Experience
|Total Customer Reviews
|Positive Experience
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|Negative Experience
|Total Customer Reviews
|0 Customer Reviews
Read Customer Reviews | Submit a Customer Review | See Trends in Customer Reviews on Safe Step Walk-In Tub Co.
Additional Informationtop
Type of Entity
Incorporated: May 2008, TN
Contact InformationPrincipal: Mr. Mike Duffer (President & Owner)Mrs. Andrea Allender (Director of Marketing)Ms. Emily DePriest (Controller)Mr. Stuart Hall (Chief Financial Officer)Ms. Sheema Steele
Business Category
Baths, Bathroom Accessories, Baths - Equipment & Supplies, Manufacturers & Producers, Health & Medical - General, Disability Access Equipment, Spas & Hot Tubs - Dealers, Massage Therapeutic, Whirlpool Bath Equipment & Supplies
Products & Services
This company offers the sale, service and installation of walk-in bath tubs. This company also offers spas & hot tubs, therapeutic massage spas and whirlpool bath equipment & supplies.


text:
7 of 10 people found the following review helpful
Great for newish runners,
This review is from: Mizuno Women's Wave Rider 15 Running Shoe (Apparel)
I had been trying to start a running regimen in my $40 girls Nike Torch sneakers. I'm usually a 6 or 6.5 in shoes, so I bought a 5 in girls sizes to save some money. They were fine for the gym but after a while, the balls and heels of my feet would burn and my arches felt like someone was cutting them with a knife. I don't want to use my insurance for another two months when my lower deductible kicks in, so I went to a running store and had a foot assessment. The salesperson told me he normally puts new runners in a stability shoe, but since I was already an active person, just not a runner, he suggested a neutral shoe. I tried on several pairs of shoes in different brands, and kept coming back to these (in the orange and blue...go Gators!). At $99.95, I couldn't say no. I have been using them for a few days and my feet are still getting used to them, but I already notice a difference. The salesperson told me it would take 1-2 weeks for my feet to heal from the crappy sneakers I had been wearing to exercise, and he is definitely right. I agree with others that these run small, but I think they're supposed to. I had no idea running shoes are supposed to be loose since your feet swell when you run, so instead of cramming my feet into a 6 or 6.5, I got these in a 7.5 since that was the right fit for my feet. I still need to get in to see a podiatrist or orthopedic specialist because I (and the salesperson) am quite sure I have plantar fasciitis but these already feel so much better on my feet than my old sneakers.
Review Details
Location: Massachusetts
Top Reviewer Ranking: 55,141


text:
Bahraini Scholar Dr. Masood Jahroomi Forcibly Deported After Citizenship Revocation, as Pattern of Discrimination Continue
Bahraini Scholar Dr. Masood Jahroomi Forcibly Deported After Citizenship Revocation, as Pattern of Discrimination Continues
8 March 2016 – Yesterday, the Government of Bahrain summoned Dr. Masood Jahroomi, a former Shia Ajam citizen for forcible deportation. Dr. Jahroomi, whose citizenship was revoked in January 2015, had his denaturalization order confirmed by the appellate court. Americans for Democracy & Human Rights in Bahrain (ADHRB), the Bahrain Center for Human Rights (BCHR), the Bahrain Institute for Rights and Democracy (BIRD), the European Centre for Democracy and Human Rights (ECDHR), and Justice Human Rights Organization (JHRO) strongly condemn the authorities' use of citizenship revocation as a tool to further target and discriminate against the Shia population.
On 14 April 2011, Dr. Jahroomi was arrested by security forces. He was subjected to enforced disappearance for approximately one month before his family was allowed to meet with him. Government forces allegedly subjected Dr. Jahroomi abuse in detention and was denied access to a lawyer and adequate due process. He was detained for five months before he was sentenced to four months in prison for "illegal assembly".
In January 2015, the Bahraini authorities revoked Dr. Jahroomi's citizenship through an administrative order against 72 citizens. In its statement, the Ministry of Interior cited the revocation of citizenship as a punishment for allegedly committing "illegal acts." However, none of those individuals were charged or brought to court for these allegations, including Dr. Jahroomi. On 6 March 2016, a Bahraini court upheld a previous decision to deport Dr. Jahroomi. He was summoned to be forcibly deported from Bahrain on 7 March 2016.
Dr. Jahroomi is a Bahraini scholar and former Chairman of the Department of Computer Science and Engineering at Ahlia University, Bahrain. He was awarded his PhD from the University of Kent in the United Kingdom; having earned his MSc and BSc from the University of Manchester, UK, and the University of Bahrain, respectively.
This is the third incident in less than a month in which the Bahraini authorities have forcibly deported Bahraini citizens, including leading Shia cleric Sheikh Mohammed Khojasta and union member and medic Husain Khairallah. All individuals denaturalized and deported since 2011 belong to the Shia populations and Ajam ethnic group. The discrimination against Shia citizens, mainly Baharna and Ajam, was detailed in the UN special procedures joint communication report, in which the Rapporteurs on culture, extreme poverty, and religion expressed concerns regarding the Bahraini government's systemic discrimination against its Shia citizens.
The signed organizations therefore call on the government of Bahrain to immediately:
- End systemic discrimination against Shia populations, including Baharna and Ajam;
- Allow Dr. Masood Jahroomi and others who were forcibly deported to return to Bahrain;
- Reinstate the nationality of all those whose citizenship was arbitrarily revoked on politically-motivated grounds since 2011, including that of Dr. Masood Jahroomi; and
- Accede to the 1954 Convention relating to the Status of Stateless Persons and to the 1961 Convention on the Reduction of Statelessness
Bahrain Deports Another Man Whose Citizenship Was Revoked
The Bahraini authorities have deported Husain Khairallah, whose citizenship was revoked in 2012. This is the second case of forced deportation in a week, following the court of appeal's decisions to uphold deportation orders. The Bahrain Center for Human Rights (BCHR) strongly condemns the Bahraini authorities' actions against Khairallah and other Bahrainis who have had their citizenship revoked.
Khairallah was previously arrested in 2011, after which he alleged being subjected to torture while in detention. He was a member of the ALBA union and also one of the medics that treated wounded protesters during the Pearl Roundabout unrest in Bahrain.
On 23 February 2016, the court of appeal upheld the order to have Khairallah deported from Bahrain. Bahrain's Directorate of Immigration, Passport, and Citizenship summoned Khairallah and arrested him after which he was immediately transported to the airport. After he refused to board the plane, he was detained at the airport. On the following day, Khairallah was only allowed to meet his wife. He had not been allowed to pack or say goodbye to his family and friends before he was arrested. He was then put on a plane to Beirut and had to leave his wife and 2 children behind.
This is the second case of deportation in a week. Two days before the deportation of Khairallah, Sheikh Mohammed Khojasta was deported by the Bahraini authorities after his deportation order was also upheld by the court of appeal. Last year, the authorities deported the prominent Bahraini Shia cleric Sheikh Husain Najati.
Apart from the cases of Khairallah and Sheikh Khojasta, there are ten ongoing cases of Bahrainis who have been denaturalized by administrative orders. As stateless individuals, they are usually deprived of their right to enjoy an adequate minimum standard of living, including health, social allowances, and other services. There have been calls to take the housing units given to them and their families prior to the denaturalization. They have been prosecuted and unfairly treated by security forces. Today, they are at an imminent risk of being deported.
Article 15 of the Universal Declaration of Human Rights (UDHR) states that everyone has the right to a nationality (Paragraph 1). Paragraph 2 further specifies that no one shall be arbitrarily deprived of his nationality nor denied the right to change his or her nationality. Moreover, article 9 of the UDHR states that no one shall be subjected to arbitrary arrest, detention or exile.
BCHR therefore calls on the government of Bahrain to immediately:
- Allow Husain Khairallah to return to Bahrain;
- Reinstate the nationality of all those whose citizenship was arbitrarily revoked on politically-motivated grounds since 2011, including that of Sheikh Mohammed Khojasta; and
- Accede to the 1954 Convention relating to the Status of Stateless Persons and to the 1961 Convention on the Reduction of Statelessness.
Amnesty International: Jailing of Ebrahim Sharif Is 'Outrageous Attack' on Freedom of Expression
From Amnesty International UK.
"The sentencing of Ebrahim Sharif to yet another year in prison simply for calling for reform in a speech is an outrageous attack on freedom of expression and the latest example of the Bahraini authorities' insidious clampdown on government critics.
"No one should be imprisoned for peacefully expressing their views. Ebrahim Sharif's conviction is a blatant attempt to punish him for speaking out, serving as a warning to all dissidents, and must be quashed immediately.
"Today Amnesty International published its annual global report highlighting an unprecedented assault on freedoms across the world. Evidence of this crackdown is patently clear in Bahrain where the authorities have sought to suppress freedom of expression, association and assembly by continuing to ban demonstrations in the capital, Manama and harassing, intimidating and arbitrarily arresting government critics and in some cases even revoking their nationality rendering them stateless."
Bahrain Court Sentences Ebrahim Sharif to 1 Year for Peaceful Speech
24 February 2016 - Bahrain's fourth criminal court today sentenced leading opposition leader Ebrahim Sharif to one year in prison for allegedly "inciting hatred against the regime". We, the undersigned NGOs, strongly condemn the sentencing of Ebrahim Sharif today, which represents yet another example of Bahrain's criminalization of free speech. We call for Sharif's unconditional release and the release of the more than 3,000 political prisoners who have been jailed since 2011 for exercising their universal human rights.
Today's verdict comes in retaliation against a peaceful political speech on 10 July 2015 at the annual commemoration of Hussam al-Haddad, a 16-year-old peaceful protester killed by security forces in 2012. In his speech, Sharif reiterated his peaceful calls for reform, an end to discrimination in the country, and for the opposition to continue its peaceful movement as the only means to effect real change within and produce true dialogue with the government.
The Ministry of Interior re-arrested Sharif on 12 July 2015, just three weeks after his early release from prison, on charges of "inciting to change the country's political regime, and publicly inciting hatred and contempt against the regime." Today, the court found Sharif guilty of inciting hatred against the regime and sentenced him to one year. It acquitted Sharif of inciting the change of regime.
"Ebrahim Sharif's sentencing for a political speech is a slap in the face for Bahrain's allies who have tried to claim that Bahrain has taken steps toward reconciliation and human rights reform," said Hugh Ali, Executive Director of the Justice Human Rights Organization (JHRO). "His imprisonment for purely free speech charges shows that the government has no interest in upholding its international human right obligations."
This is not the first time Ebrahim Sharif, the former secretary-general of the secular opposition National Democratic Action Society (Wa'ad), has been targeted by the Bahraini government for his free speech. In 2011, in the midst of Bahrain's pro-democracy uprising, Bahrain's security forces arrested and tortured Sharif, holding him in solitary confinement for 56 days without access to a lawyer or his family. In June 2011, a military tribunal sentenced Sharif to five years in prison on charges almost identical to those that the court tried him of today.
The United Kingdom stated in October 2015 that they "continue to monitor" Ebrahim Sharif's case. In July 2015, following his arrest, the Foreign & Commonwealth Office stated that they urge Bahrain to ensure due process is followed.
"The UK needs to step up their rhetoric because due process is a meaningless call," said Sayed Ahmed Alwadaei, Director of Advocacy at the Bahrain Institute for Rights and Democracy (BIRD). "Sharif should not be prosecuted for his peaceful speech. The case should have been thrown out of court and Bahrain should be shamed for these authoritarian moves. It is that simple."
The US Department of State cited Sharif's early release in June 2015 by royal pardon, after serving four years and three months, as a key example of Bahrain's "meaningful progress" on human rights reform that led to the partial resumption of arms sales that same month. Following his re-arrest, however, the State Department has publicly expressed concern over his case and formally called for his release, most recently in commemoration of the fifth anniversary of Bahrain's pro-democracy uprising.
"While the United States has been consistent on calling for Ebrahim Sharif's release, it, along with the UK and the rest of the international community must do more to back up this rhetoric to end the never-ending merry-go-around of Bahrain's jailing of opposition leaders," said Husain Abdulla, Executive Director of Americans for Democracy & Human Rights in Bahrain (ADHRB). "Bahrain's allies must stay true to their own rhetoric: there can be no real dialogue or national reconciliation in Bahrain while any of the political opposition's leadership sits in jail, let alone the more than 3,000 others who languish in arbitrary detention on politically-motivated charges."
Americans for Democracy & Human Rights in Bahrain (ADHRB)
Bahrain Center for Human Rights (BCHR)
Bahrain Institute for Rights and Democracy (BIRD)
European Centre for Democracy & Human Rights (ECDHR)
Justice Human Rights Organization (JHRO)
Arbitrary Arrests in Bahrain during 2015
The Bahrain Center for Human Rights team was able to document arbitrary arrests over the past year in Bahrain.
Bahraini Sheikh Mohammed Khojasta deported after citizenship revoked
22 February 2016 - The Bahraini authorities deported Sheikh Mohammed Hasan Ali Husain (Khojasta) following the court of appeal's decision. Sheikh Khojasta is one of the more than 100 Bahrainis whose citizenship was revoked by a Ministry of Interior's' administrative decision. The Bahrain Center for Human Rights (BCHR), the European Centre for Democracy and Human Rights (ECDHR), Bahrain Institute for Rights and Democracy (BIRD) and Justice Human Rights Organization (JHRO) and Americans for Democracy and Human Rights in Bahrain (ADHRB) strongly condemn the deportation of Sheikh Khojasta and express deep concern over the imminent deportation of other Bahrainis who have been arbitrarily denaturalized by the Government of Bahrain.
In January 2015, the Bahraini authorities issued an administrative decision revoking the citizenship of Sheikh Khojasta and 71 other Bahrainis. Many of those thus denaturalized were members of civil society, including human rights activists, journalists, political exiles, and religious and opposition figures. In its statement, the Ministry of Interior cited revoking their citizenship as a punishment for allegedly committing "illegal acts," including, among others, "defaming the image of the state, inciting against the state and spreading false news to hinder the rules of the constitution," as well as "defaming brotherly countries." None of those individuals were charged or brought to court for these allegations.
Shortly after the decision, Sheikh Khojasta was summoned to the criminal court and charged with "illegal residency." In May 2015, the court ordered his deportation and fined him BHD100; the court of appeals upheld the deportation order on 18 February 2016. On 21 February, Bahrain's Directorate of Immigration, Passport, and Citizenship summoned Sheikh Khojasta to inform him that he was under arrest and that the execution of his sentence was imminent. He was later deported from Bahrain to Lebanon.
This is not the first time that the Government has arbitrarily exiled Shia leaders. Similarly, in 2014, the Bahraini authorities forcibly deported another Shia cleric, Sheikh Hussein Najati. Sheikh Najati had his citizenship rescinded by an administrative decision in 2014. Currently, at least ten stateless Bahrainis are at risk of deportation by the Bahraini authorities.
In 2014, the Government of Bahrain amended its citizenship and anti-terrorism laws to allow for the denaturalization of persons convicted of terrorism-related offenses, broadly defined in Bahrain to include activities protected by the international human rights of free expression and assembly. In August 2014, a Bahraini court issued the first denaturalization sentence, revoking the citizenship of eight individuals. Since then, Bahraini authorities have revoked the citizenship of a total of 260 Bahraini citizens, either through administrative decisions or by court order. In the majority of these cases, defendants were subjected to torture and subjected to significant violations of their rights to due process and fair trial.
The majority of those stripped of citizenship have also been rendered stateless. Stateless persons have no recognised rights in Bahrain, and their ability to obtain and retain housing, employment, legal representation, banking facilities and medical aid are all severely constricted. Bahrain has breached article 15 of the Universal Declaration for Human Rights, which protects the right to a nationality and states that "no one shall be arbitrarily deprived of his nationality."
We, the undersigned NGOs, consider the acts of citizenship revocation and the deportation of Sheikh Khojasta to be a tool of intimidation used by the government of Bahrain to silence dissent and further restrict the exercise of free expression and assembly.
We therefore call on the government of Bahrain to immediately:
- Allow Sheikh Mohammed Khojasta to return to Bahrain;
- Reinstate the nationality of all those whose citizenship was arbitrarily revoked on politically-motivated grounds since 2011, including that of Sheikh Mohammed Khojasta; and
- Accede to the 1954 Convention relating to the Status of Stateless Persons and to the 1961 Convention on the Reduction of Statelessness.
Read French version here.
NGOs Condemn Violence Against Protesters on Fifth Anniversary of Bahrain's Peaceful Uprising
16 February 2016
Sunday, 14 February 2016, marked the fifth anniversary of Bahrain's peaceful uprising. Bahraini people took to the streets protesting injustice and demanding freedom and democracy. The authorities responded with extensive use of force which resulted in numerous injuries.
The Bahrain Center for Human Rights (BCHR), Bahrain Institute for Rights and Democracy (BIRD), Americans for Democracy & Human Rights in Bahrain (ADHRB), the European Centre for Democracy & Human Rights (ECDHR) and Justice Human Rights Organisation (JHRO) condemn the Bahraini authorities' continued use of violence against protesters and urges the authorities to allow people to exercise their right to freedom of assembly and expression.
We followed up on the events leading up to 14 February and were on the ground documenting human rights violations, protests and more during the day of the anniversary.
Authorities' Rhetoric
On 9 February 2016, amid calls for protests on the anniversary of the uprising, the Chief of Public Security threatened anyone who "calls to disrupt security and public order in Bahrain." He labelled any such acts as "illegal", "terrorizing", and "disruptive of public order." Moreover, he requested anyone who witnessed this behavior to call an MOI hotline.
On 14 February 2015, and among the continued and intensified protests, the Chief of Public Security accused protesters of holding foreign agendas, stating that Bahrain "still faced security threats from Iran-backed elements and militants linked to Islamic State."
The King, his family and government officials celebrated the 15th anniversary of the National Action Charter, which ministers and senior officials claimed "put Bahrain on the path of progress, freedom, democracy and justice, in line with the provisions of the constitution and the rule of the law." They hailed the Charter as the King's "pioneering reform project."
Continued Protests
People organized peaceful protests in villages and towns all over Bahrain to mark the anniversary. Although there have been daily and nightly protests in many areas since 2011, the number of protests increased significantly from the beginning of February and more people took to the streets. From 11 to 14 February 2016, the BCHR documented 157 protests, of which at least 33 protests were suppressed using tear gas and shotgun pellets. Security forces tried to prevent these protests by increasing security measures and putting areas under siege.
In the week between 7 and 14 February, authorities arrested 89 individuals, including 30 children as young as 10 years old, which is an approximate 36% increase compared to the week before. Over 60% of arrests took place between 11 and 14 February. The highest number of arrests was recorded on 14 February. Moreover, most of the documented arrests occurred on the streets as a result of suppressing protests.
The Bahraini authorities also arrested four American journalists, who were covering protests in Sitra, an island near Manama. Bahrain's Ministry of Interior stated that it had arrested one of the journalists with a "a riot group" in Sitra and the others were arrested at a checkpoint. The MOI said that they gave false information about the work they do and that they practiced unlicensed media activities. Bahrain has made it extremely difficult for journalists to legally cover protests and opposition activities.
Arrest of one of the American Journalists in Sitra
Use of Excessive Force
Numerous cases of shotgun injuries and cases of near suffocation from tear gas were documented by activists on the ground. Videos and images went viral on social media of security forces firing at protesters and the injuries which resulted from this use of force.
Shotgun injuries
Excessive use of teargas
The Bahraini authorities are in clear violation of basic and fundamental human rights according to international human rights laws. They have particularly abused the rights to free expression, opinion and assembly, as protected by the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights (ICCPR), which Bahrain acceded to in 2006. They have jeopardized on many occasions protesters' right to life by subjecting them to tear gas and shotgun pellets. The Government of Bahrain, with little protest from its allies, continues its path of escalation of human rights abuses rather than implementing reform and having constructive dialogue with its people.
Read the French version of ths article here.
NGOs Commemorate the Five-Year Anniversary of Bahrain's Peaceful Uprising
Five years ago, hundreds of thousands of Bahrainis took to the streets to call for democratic reform and an end to discriminatory government policies. The Government of Bahrain responded violently, deploying security forces who used excessive force to quell peaceful protests. Their tactics have resulted in thousands of arrests, hundreds of injuries, and dozens of deaths since 2011. On the fifth anniversary of the protest movement that began that day, 14 February 2011, Americans for Democracy & Human Rights in Bahrain (ADHRB), the Bahrain Center for Human Rights (BCHR), the Bahrain Institute for Rights and Democracy (BIRD), the European Centre for Democracy and Human Rights (ECDHR), and Justice Human Rights Organization (JHRO) call on the Government of Bahrain to respect the rights to freedom of expression and assembly, and to refrain from using force to suppress non-violent demonstrations. We also urge the Bahraini government to immediately release all arbitrarily detained political prisoners and human rights defenders and for all in Bahrain to unequivocally reject violence.
In the five years since Bahraini authorities violently suppressed the 2011 demonstrations, the political situation has not improved. Following the original protests, the government established the Bahrain Independent Commission of Inquiry (BICI), a committee of jurists and legal scholars tasked with investigating crimes committed by the authorities and suggesting the reforms necessary to resolve the country's political crisis. Almost half a decade later, however, no more than five of the BICI's 26 recommendations have been fully implemented. As documented in Shattering the Façade, a report released by ADHRB, BCHR, and BIRD in 2015, the Government of Bahrain has not only failed to institute the most substantial reforms, it has actively obscured this fact with superficial policy changes and regular declarations of "unprecedented progress."
"When the BICI first released its report, Bahrainis were hopeful. They saw it as a potential roadmap out of oppression, discrimination, and corruption," Sayed Yousif al-Muhafdha, Vice President of the BCHR, remembers. "Now, the BICI is a constant reminder of what could have been – the justice and freedom that the government refuses to grant its people."
Rather than implement its commitment to reconciliation, the Government of Bahrain has retrenched, coming to rely more and more on the same repressive security measures condemned in the BICI report. In the last four months of 2015, Bahraini authorities arrested more than 400 people, 76 percent of which were arrested arbitrarily or unlawfully. At the same time, ADHRB, BCHR, and BIRD have documented a pattern of enforced disappearance, due process violations, and severe torture within the Bahraini criminal justice system, finding evidence of the use of systematic torture between 2011 and 2015.
"Despite its claims to the contrary, the government has effectively abandoned truth and reconciliation for violence and intimidation," said Sayed Ahmed Alwadaei, Advocacy Director of BIRD. "The security forces may not be killing protesters in the streets – as they have in years past – but it's only because they've honed their practices of arbitrary detention, disappearance and torture."
The government's recurrent failure to address the political crisis is embodied in the aftermath of the March 2015 riot at Jau Prison, a detention facility that holds hundreds of the country's political prisoners. After a minority of prisoners rioted over the facility's overcrowding and unsanitary conditions, security forces subjected inmates to mass psychological and physical abuse. Less than a month ago, in the face of mounting evidence collective punishment, abuse, and due process violations at Jau, a Bahraini court sentenced 57 of these inmates to additional 15-year jail terms for offenses such as "resisting authorities" and "damaging public property."
"The government has made clear its intentions to double down on the repressive measures it used to suppress democracy five years ago, not reform them," said Husain Abdulla, Executive Director of ADHRB. "To avoid a relapse into the same unrest and instability, the Government of Bahrain must immediately change its reckless course."
"In light of the ongoing violations, Bahrain's continuing claims of reform are a gamble on the nation's reputation," stated Hugh Ali, Executive Director of JHRO. "We call for joint efforts in order to provide international guarantees to the people of Bahrain towards the exercise their legitimate rights as per the international conventions and treaties."
Bahrain: An Analysis of the Legitimacy of Charges Against Sheikh Maytham Al Salman
Download the Full Report Here.
On January 6, 2016, Bahrain's authorities charged Sheikh Maytham Al Salman, a human rights defender and cleric, with incitement of hatred towards the system of government and expressing views on an ongoing trial with the intent to change public opinion. The charges were based on a speech Sheikh Maytham delivered on December 27, 2015, at a public event held in solidarity with Al-Wefaq's imprisoned Security General, Sheikh Ali Salman. This legal statement is concerned with the legitimacy of the charges laid by the authorities of Bahrain against Sheikh Maytham Al Salman. This review was prompted by the repeated use of such or similar charges against human rights defenders and political opponents, including Sheikh Maythan himself.
The statement analyses the charges in line with international human rights standards and jurisprudence related to freedom of expression. Under international law, freedom of expression may only be restricted it the restrictions satisfy a three-part test: a) legality, b) legitimate grounds and c) necessity and proportionality. Accordingly, this statement analyses whether the charges (incitement and contempt of court) against Sheikh Maytham Al Salman meet the three-part test. This statement also reviews the circumstances surrounding Sheikh Maytham Al Salman detention and charges.
On the basis of a thorough discussion of international, regional and national jurisprudence, this statement concludes that the charges of incitement to hatred against the system of government and of expressing views on an on-going trial fail both the legality and the necessity test. The statement also finds that Bahrain's Government, by subjecting Sheikh Maytham Al Salman to repeated detention, interrogation and unsubstantiated charges, is creating in terrorem conditions, aimed at instilling fears and self-censorship, and amounting to harassment.
In conclusion, Columbia Global Freedom of Expression calls on the authorities of Bahrain to immediately and unconditionally drop all charges against Sheikh Maytham Al Salman and put an end to its harassment of the human rights defender and inter-faith activist.
This Legal Statement received international support from freedom of expression scholars, lawyers, and activists. The Signatories list is live and new signatories are added as the come in.
Galina Arapova, Director, Senior Media Lawyer, Mass Media Defence Centre, RUSSIA
Catherine Anite, Head of Legal Department, Media Lawyer, UGANDA
Romel Regalado Bagares, esq., Executive Director, Center for International Law, PHILIPPINES
Samir Behmeda, Lawyer and Member, Tunisian League for the Defense of Human Rights, TUNISIA
Mishi Choudhary, Executive Director, Software Freedom Law Center, Lawyer, INDIA
Dr. Agnes Callamard, Executive Director, Columbia Global Freedom of Expression, Columbia University, U.S.A
R. Dipendra, Media Defence Lawyer, MALAYSIA
Taís Gasparian, Lawyer at RODRIGUES BARBOSA, MAC DOWELL DE FIGUEIREDO, GASPARIAN, BRAZIL
Charles Glasser*, Lawyer, Adjunct Professor of Media Ethics and Law, Arthur Carter Graduate School of Journalism, New York University, U.S.A
David Diaz-Jogeix, Director of Programmes, ARTICLE 19, UNITED KINGDOM
Dr. Karin Deutsch Karlekar, Director, Free Expression Programs, PEN America, U.S.A.
Gregg P. Leslie, Legal Defense Director, The Reporters Committee for Freedom of the Press, U.S.A
Catalina Botero Marino, Lawyer, Professor at the Universidad Externado Law School, former Special Rapporteur for Freedom of Expression, Inter-American Commission on Human Rights (2008-2015), COLOMBIA
Peter Noorlander, Chief Executive Officer, Media Legal Defense Initiative, UNITED KINGDOM
Karuna Nundy, Advocate, Supreme Court of India, INDIA
Shahzad Ahmad, Country Director, Bytes for All, PAKISTAN
Carey Shenkman, First Amendment and Human Rights Lawyer for Michael Ratner, President Emeritus of the Center for Constitutional Rights, U.S.A.
David A. Schulz, Director, Media Freedom & Information Access Clinic, Law School, Yale University, U.S.A.
Damian Tambini, Associate Professor, London School of Economics, UNITED KINGDOM
Dr. Dirk Voorhoof, Professor of Media Law, Ghent University, BELGIUM
Richard N. Winfield, Lecturer in Law, Law School, Colombia University, U.S.A.
Signatories list was last updated on February 11, 2015 at 3:30 PM EST.
Link to the Statement Here.
Analysis: Arbitrary and Unlawful Arrests in Bahrain
During the last four months of 2015, Bahraini authorities made over 400 arrests, averaging roughly 105 arrests per month. Americans for Democracy & Human Rights in Bahrain (ADHRB), the Bahrain Center for Human Rights (BCHR), and the Bahrain Institute for Rights and Democracy (BIRD) have collected and analyzed data on this recent wave of arrests, finding that police officials consistently acted in contravention of international law. In the vast majority of cases, arresting officers failed to provide a warrant or a reason for detention; and arrestees reported having been subjected to excessive force, ill treatment, and torture.
The International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights (ICCPR), to which Bahrain acceded in 2006, requires state security forces to observe certain guidelines when undertaking arrests in order to ensure that the rights of individuals are protected. Article 9 of the ICCPR states that "No one shall be subjected to arbitrary arrest or detention," and that "anyone who is arrested shall be informed, at the time of arrest, of the reasons for his arrest and shall be promptly informed of any charges against him." Of the hundreds of arrests recorded by ADHRB, BCHR, and BIRD during the 16-week documentation period, 76 percent failed to meet these standards. The data suggests that for Bahrain's security forces, adherence to the ICCPR is increasingly becoming the exception, not the rule.
Note: The following analysis is based on data independently collected by ADHRB, BCHR, and BIRD. Unless otherwise specified, it refers only to the actions of Bahraini security forces from 31 August 2015 to 31 December 2015.
The Data Set
Over the course of four months, ADHRB, BCHR, and BIRD tracked the number of arrests effected by Bahraini authorities, recording the legality and circumstance of each case. We found that government forces detained at least 421 individuals, including 53 minors. Additionally, we found that eight distinct circumstances accounted for 95 percent of arrests, listed as follows in order of frequency: house raids, streets and public spaces, prisons, checkpoints and travel hubs, courts, hospitals, traffic offices, and formal court summons (see Figure 1). For clarity, the circumstances of arrest will hereafter be referred to as the arrest category.
The data indicates that Bahraini security forces effected 219 arrests during raids on private homes, representing more than half the total number of documented arrests and the highest number of arrests in a single category. The next most common categories of arrest were public spaces with 76 arrests, checkpoints and travel hubs with 53 arrests (particularly those checkpoints along the King Fahd Causeway between Saudi Arabia and Bahrain, which accounted for 39 percent of all checkpoint and travel hubs arrests), and court summons with 30 arrests.
Altogether, security forces carried out 76 percent of the 421 total documented arrests in violation of Article 19 of the ICCPR, resulting in the unlawful detention of at least 319 individuals.
Unlawful Arrests
House Raids
Arrests during raids on private homes accounted for not only the vast majority of illegal arrests, but the majority of total arrests as well. According to the data collected by ADHRB, BCHR, and BIRD, Bahraini authorities made 197 out of 219 of these arrests illegally, indicating that 90 percent of all house raid arrests were unlawful. Moreover, unlawful house raid arrests accounted for up to 52 percent of all arrests conducted during the documentation period. In other words, one in every two people arrested in Bahrain during the documentation period was illegally arrested in his own home.
Testimony provided to ADHRB, BCHR, and BIRD by witnesses and victims suggests that house raids typically followed a pattern. Security forces often conducted house raids suddenly and at night. At the start of a raid, police officials reportedly surrounded and entered the target home without warning. Once they gained entrance, the authorities searched the house, arresting one or more residents and/or confiscating personal property. During the house raids that occurred in the documentation period, security forces rarely presented an arrest or search warrant.
After they had taken one or more individuals into custody, the authorities commonly transported the detainee(s) to a Ministry of Interior facility such as a police station or an office of the Criminal Investigative Directorate (CID). Arrestees and witnesses regularly reported having been subjected to physical or verbal abuse during house raids, as well as in the processes of arrest and transportation.
Checkpoints and Travel Hubs
Checkpoints and travel hubs are tied with streets and public spaces as the second most common site of unlawful arrests, with security forces carrying out at least 46 during the documentation period. Specifically, the authorities carried out 21 unlawful arrests on the King Fahd Causeway between Bahrain and Saudi Arabia, 15 unlawful arrests at the Bahrain International Airport, and 10 unlawful arrests at other checkpoints. In total, these 46 unlawful arrests represent 87 percent of all arrests carried out at travel hubs and/or via checkpoint stops during the documentation period, as well as 11 percent of total arrests.
Individuals detained at checkpoints and travel hubs reported that arresting officers rarely informed them of a reason for their arrest. Virtually all arrests on the causeway and at the airport failed to meet the standards laid out in Article 9 of the ICCPR, while only 41 percent of miscellaneous checkpoint arrests were conducted in accordance with its provisions.
Streets and Public Spaces
As noted, streets and public spaces tied with checkpoints and travel hubs for the second-highest number of unlawful arrests, at 46. The data indicates that 60 percent of all street arrests conducted by the authorities failed to meet the standards of the ICCPR.
Witnesses and arrestees reported that Bahraini security personnel generally undertook street arrests either at random, while on patrol, or during targeted sweeps of areas commonly used to hold demonstrations. In the majority of these cases, the authorities failed to provide a warrant or any reason for arrest. A number of these individuals also reported that the arresting officers employed excessive force.
Additional Human Rights Abuses
Individuals that have been unlawfully or arbitrarily detained by the authorities are at a heightened risk of experiencing further human rights and due process violations as they progress through the Bahraini criminal justice system. Arrestees reported to ADHRB, BCHR, and BIRD that security personnel physically and verbally abused them during and after their arrests. They described being beaten with batons and wooden sticks as well as being kicked and punched. The authorities also subjected a number of arrestees to enforced disappearance for periods ranging from several hours to up to three weeks. During this period, government officials reportedly interrogated the accused without any legal representation. As such, the inherently extrajudicial nature of unlawful and arbitrary arrests contributes to broader violations of due process, infringing on the right of the accused to a fair trial.
According to our findings, Bahraini state security forces consistently violated international guidelines for arrests during the period between 31 August and 31 December 2015: only 24 percent of the arrests conducted during these 16 weeks were conducted in accordance with international law. Although Bahraini legislation ostensibly guarantees the rights to individual liberty and security of person, the data suggests that Bahraini authorities regularly flout their domestic legal obligations. Additional human rights and due process violations associated with arbitrary detention only aggravate these routine abuses of power. That the agents of Bahraini law enforcement so frequently violate their domestic and international obligations not only undermines the rule of law; it leaves the country's most vulnerable citizens little recourse for justice.


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JANUARY and FEBRUARY LITTERS WITH PUPS STILL AVAILABLE - English Setters in Butler , Pennsylvania - Eaglerock Setters
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DEFINITION of 'Inherited IRA'
An individual retirement account that is left to a beneficiary after the owner's death. If the owner had already begun receiving required minimum distributions (RMDs) at the time of his or her death, the beneficiary must continue to receive the distributions as already calculated or submit a new schedule based on his or her life expectancy.
BREAKING DOWN 'Inherited IRA'
If the owner had not yet chosen an RMD schedule or reached 70.5 years in age, the beneficiary of the IRA has a five-year window to withdraw the funds, which will be subject to income taxes.
A spouse who receives an inherited IRA can choose to roll it over into his or her existing IRA accounts with no penalties. This option does not exist for non-spouse beneficiaries.
Tax laws surrounding inherited IRAs are quite complicated. Beneficiaries should seek the advice of a tax professional if they inherit an IRA.
Because IRAs are relatively new, look for more changes in tax laws over time as the number of inherited IRAs grows.
Extended IRAAn IRA that allows a second generation beneficiary to continue ...
Stretch IRAAn estate planning concept that is applied to extend the financial ...
IRA Asset WillA document that specifies how the assets in an individual retirement ...
See-Through TrustA trust that is treated as the beneficiary of an individual retirement ...
Five-Year RuleIf a retirement account owner dies before the required beginning ...
Secondary BeneficiaryA person or entity that inherits assets under a will, trust or ...
Inherited IRA and 401(k) Rules: Don't Run AfoulWhat you need to know when it comes to the complex rules for inherited IRAs and 401(k)s.
Financial Advisor
Top Estate Planning Tips for 401(k)s and IRAsHere's how to avoid estate planning pitfalls when it comes to leaving IRA and 401(k) assets to heirs.
Inheriting an IRA: Tax Rules You Should KnowDon't get hit with a 50% penalty because you don't know the required minimum distribution (RMD) rules for IRA beneficiaries.
Managing Wealth
Trusts: Prevent Beneficiary Designation MishapsWills and revocable trusts are the cornerstone of estate planning, learn how you may spend considerable time and money maintaining these documents.
Designating A Trust As Retirement BeneficiaryDesignating a trust as your IRA beneficiary can be beneficial, but it requires proper planning to avoid problems.
Financial Advisor
How to Handle Client Beneficiary DesignationsBeneficiary designations are a critical financial planning step that can be easily overlooked. Here's how to ensure they are properly done.
When Spouses Die, Who Gets Their Retirement Funds?You don't automatically get your spouse's IRA, 401(k) and other accounts when he or she dies. Here's how to plan so the right survivors get the funds.
Mistakes In Designating A Retirement BeneficiaryMake sure your beneficiary designations not only reflect your intentions but also meet the requirements to be effective.
Financial Advisor
Why Your Will Should Name Designated BeneficiariesFind out how to make the tough decisions when it comes to choosing who will receive your assets and how they will be paid out.
Personal Finance
Who is a Beneficiary?A beneficiary is a person or entity that receives funds, assets, property or other benefits from a trust, will, or life insurance policy.
Can IRAs be held jointly by spouses?... Read Answer >>
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Can I put my IRA in a trust?Learn the proper way to transfer ownership of your IRA to a trust. Consider how naming the trust as a beneficiary affects ... Read Answer >>


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Christina CantrillownerAnnouncements & Invitations -
Fun CLMOOC-ey Make Cycle in progress ... want to join us for a twitter chat tonight? 7pm ET/4pm PT at #2nextprez
Welcome to the 2nd summer Make Cycle for Letters to the Next President 2.0. This week we encourage you to take a moment and reflect where you are in the midst of all the presidential election mayhem. The previous make was media-centric, very much focused on external forces and how they shape the election. This […]
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|Publication number
|Publication type
|Application number
|Publication date
|Aug 30, 1994
|Filing date
|Mar 9, 1993
|Priority date
|Mar 11, 1992
|Fee status
|Also published as
|Publication number
|Ari Heikkinen
|Original Assignee
|Nokia Technology Gmbh
|Export Citation
|BiBTeX, EndNote, RefMan
|Patent Citations (3), Referenced by (3), Classifications (5), Legal Events (4)
|External Links: USPTO, USPTO Assignment, Espacenet
The present invention relates to a procedure and a decoder for decrypting a coded video signal at a given point of time when the decoder is tuned to a given receive channel at a given point of time using the channel selection and timer system of a video recorder being electrically connected to the decoder by means of the video connection.
Coded video signals are used in transmissions of several satellite programmes and cable network programmes so that only those who have paid for the programme are authorized to watch said programmes with the aid of so-called home sets, i.e. decoders which decrypt the programme. The decoder has to be tuned to the channel on which the viewer wants to view an incoming programme so that it is enabled to decrypt the right code. The tuning of the decoder is usually carried out manually so that a viewer selects the television channel in his home connection unit on which he wishes to watch incoming programmes, whereby the video signal is transmitted into the TV set via the home set which in conjunction with the channel selection has thus been tuned automatically to the right channel and which therefore is enabled to perform the decoding of an encoded programme from said channel.
Video recorders are usually provided with a timer system with which the video recorder can be programmed to record a desired programme or programmes. On the basis of the date, time and channel programmed in the timer, the video recorder is at a desired moment switched on to the programmed channel, in to a recording mode and records the programme on a video tape. If we want to record a programme from a paychannel, the decoder has to be tuned to said channel simultaneously. The viewer himself is able to record a coded programme with ease by setting a decryption decoder on the programme channel. Also recording from one coded channel in the absence of a viewer can easily be carried out with the timer of the video recorder by setting the decoder into a stand-by on said channel, whereby the decoder is in stand-by mode for decrypting the encryption emitted from said channel, and the video recorder may record the programme.
Recording carried out with a timer from chargeable programme channels is made more difficult when recording programmes from several channels. The date, time, channel and length of programmes to be recorded are programmed in the memory of the video recorder. For the video recorder to be able to record programmes from paychannels, also the decoder has to be tuned for said channel. Tuning the decoder for a desired channel for a desired point of time has been implemented by adding a programmable timer of its own in the decoder. Now, not only the timer of the video recorder is programmed, but also the timer of the decoder has to be programmed to tune the decoder for the right channel for the point of time when the video recorder starts to record a programme from the channel. A problem in this solution is that the user has to program the timer of both the video recorder and the decoder for recording the programme. The programming requires such precision that the same data are supplied into the timers of both the video recorder and of the decoder, and in addition, more time is needed for programming two timers. A remote controller is often used for programming the timers of the video recorder and the decoder, so that different remote controllers are usually provided for the video recorder and the decoder, the use of which are different, and this increases a risk of erroneus programming and a risk of losing the desired programme. Another significant problem related to said solution is that the decoder needs a user connection for programming its timer. In order to implement said user connection, a display, real time clock for the real time of the timing function, and in addition, keyboard, and/or remote control functions, and a remote controller for carrying out the programming is needed. The remote control functions of the decoder can be added in the remote controller of the video recorder, so that an extra remote controller is not needed, but the additional functions to be provided in the remote controller of the video recorder make the use of the remote controller, which is already fairly complicated, even more difficult and somewhat increase the production costs of the remote controller. On the other hand, if a separate remote controller has been provided for the decoder, the costs are even higher than those in a common remote controller. Moreover, the display and the real time clock required for the user connection increase the production costs of the decoder.
Endeavours have been made to avoid the above mentioned problems by using the user connection of the video recorder, i.e. by utilizing the channel selection and timer system of the video recorder for programming the decoder. Thus, when a video recorder is connected to make a recording from a given channel, the decoder is also tuned on said channel, whereby the decoder is prepared to decrypt the encryption. A problem involved herewith is that the decoder makes use of the channel selection and timer system of only the video recorder. Therefore, the decoder is in principle prepared to decrypt the encryption when the video recorder is coupled for recording. The chargeable coded programme channels usually include active data traffic for each decoder for transmitting individually addressed messages and decryption keys. So, because the decoder is dependent on the tuning system of the video recorder, disturbances may be caused in the data traffic, resulting in breakdown of an internal data channel. As a result of such breakdown in the data channel, the decoder may not have the authorizations and decryption keys it needs, so that when the video recorder starts recording, the decoder is not able to decrypt the encryption. It is only after an indefinite period of time from the start of the recording that the decoder is able to decrypt the encryption. In such instance the recording already has at least partly been unsuccessful.
The object of the present invention is to implement a procedure with which an encryption of a coded video signal can be decrypted at a desired point of time by tuning the decoder for a desired channel without any of the above mentioned problems.
The decoder is, while in stand-by, tuned for a so-called home channel of its own, whereby the decrypting circuits receive a video signal included in a data channel, and the decoder maintains a continuous data link in the data channel. The home channel means a channel with which the decoder receives from the computer of the transmission end the authorization and keys it needs for decrypting the encryption. The video recorders are usually provided with a control for the video connection in conjunction with the video connection to provide information to the external device coupled to the connection when repeating the tape, that said external device is enabled to receive a signal from the video connector. When the video recorder is in the recording mode, the control of said video connector is not coupled to the output of the video connector. For implementing the procedure according to the invention, a control logic is inserted in the decoder to control the detection circuit of the video signal needed in the system to detect a signal entering the decoder from the video output of the video recorder. The video signal detection is necessary because the video recorder is not capable of providing the above control while being in recording mode. When the video signal detection circuit finds that the signal to be detected is a video signal, the control logic concludes that the timer has controlled the video recorder into a recording mode and controls the video signal from the video recorder of the decoder video connection to the decrypting circuits by means of a video signal selection switch required in the method. The video connection of the video recorder is usually provided with an input with which the video recorder can be controlled externally to receive an external video signal. In the method of the invention, the control logic of the decoder sends a command to the control logic of the video recorder to move on to receive from the decoder a decrypted video signal. After the recording is over, the video recorder turns into stand-by, whereby the video signal detection circuit detects the termination of the video signal and the control logic controls with a video signal selection switch a video signal emitted from the home channel of the decoder to the decrypting circuits. Into the processor of the decoder a so-called recording stand-by can be programmed, in order to implement the procedure of the invention, so that it is continuously on, or that it can be switched on. When the recording stand-by is on, the control logic activates the detection on circuit of the video signal to detect if any video signal is coming in from the video connection.
The procedure of the invention is characterized in that
the decoder is tuned to the home channel while in stand-by, whereby it receives data from the home channel,
the input mode of the video connection of the decoder is detected,
if a video signal is found to be emitted from the video connection, said video signal emitted from the video connection is coupled to the decrypting circuits of the decoder, and
when the input of the video signal from the video connection ends, the signal from the home channel is coupled to the decypting circuits of the decoder.
The invention is described below in detail by referring to the annexed FIGURE showing an example of an implementation of the procedure of the invention.
The FIGURE shows antenna ANT, decoder 1, video recorder 2, and connections ANT1, ANTOUT and ANTIN from the antenna ANT to the decoder 1 and the video recorder 2 (an inlet through the decoder), and a video connection VIDEO between the decoder 1 and the video recorder 2 comprising input IN1, IN2 and output OUT1, OUT2, and control input CIN1, CIN2, and control output COUT1, COUT2 in both apparatus. In systems based on using channel-internal data a so-called home channel has been provided for the decoder 1 to which the decoder 1 is tuned every time when in stand-by and from which it receives continuous data from the computer of the transmission system. The receiver RD of the decoder 1 receives a signal from the antenna connection ANT1, and the microprocessor P tunes the channel selector to the home channel for receiving data. A continuous data link with the computer controlling the system is in this manner maintained and the requisite authorizations and the decryption keys are all the time available to be received. When the timer 8 of the video recorder 2 has been programmed to record a desired programme, the video recorder 2 is usually set in stand-by. Hereby, if one wishes to record a coded programme, the decoder 1 is set to a recording standby. Thereafter, the video recorder 2 is activated, controlled by the timer 8, to a desired channel into a recording mode according to the programming. When the video recorder 2 is in stand-by, the power has been switched off from all conceivable stages for minimizing the power consumption. Now, no signal enters the video connection VIDEO, nor any emits therefrom, provided for the external device of the video recorder. The video recorder 2 is provided with a video connection control logic 3 in conjunction with the video connection VIDEO to inform, in playing the tape, the external means connected to the connection VIDEO that said external means is enabled to move to receive a signal from the video connection. When the video recorder 2 is in the recording mode, said video connection control logic 3 does not enter video connection control output COUT2. The video connection control logic 3 is provided with input CIN2 with which the video recorder 2 can externally be controlled to receive an external video signal. With the control of said input CIN2, the video recorder 2 is made to receive a decrypted signal via video connector IN2 from the decoder 1 (from video connector OUT1) intended to be recorded. The video recorder control logic 3 controls the video signal from the decoder 1 to the recorder section 9 by means of a switch SW. In normal state, the switch SW transfers the signal from the antenna connection ANTIN via the receiver RV to the recorder section 9.
With the procedure of the invention, a data link with the computer is all the time maintained. The method of the invention is implemented using a video signal detection circuit 4, a control logic 5, and a video signal selection switch 6. After the decoder 1 has been connected into the recording stand-by, the control logic 5 activates the video signal detection circuit 4. Since no direct control for recognizing the recording is emitted from the video recorder 2, the detection of the recording is in the method according to the invention implemented by monitoring the video output OUT2 of the video recorder (i.e. input IN1 of the video connection of the decoder) with the video signal detection circuit 4 used in the method. If no signal is emitted by the video recorder 2 to the video output OUT2, the recorder is assumed to be in stand-by. When the video recorder starts, controlled by the timer 8, from the stand-by and is tuned to the programmed channel, a detectable video signal is detected in the video output OUT2, and now the video signal detection circuit 4 assumes that the recording started. A video signal from the video connection input IN1 to the decoder is coupled to decrypting circuits 7 by means of a video signal selection switch 6 used in the method, being controlled by the control logic 5. Since the decoder 1 has been tuned to the home channel, it has continuously received authorizations and decryption keys emitted by the computer of the transmission end and requested by the decoder, and it is thus immediately prepared to decrypt the coded video signal and to transfer the decrypted signal to the output OUT of its video connector, wherefrom the video recorder 2 receives the signal for storing. After the recording is over, the video recorder 2 turns into stand-by, whereby the video signal detection circuit 4 detects the entry of the video signal being terminated from the input IN1 of the video connection. Hereby, the control logic 5 controls with the selection circuit 6 the video signal emitted from the home channel of the decoder 1 to the decryption circuits 7 (said signal entering the home channel from the antenna connection ANT1). With the video signal selection switch 6 the video signal can therefore be coupled to enter the decryption circuits 7 either via the receiver RV from the antenna connection ANT1 (the signal of the home channel) or from the video connection IN1.
With the procedure of the present invention in which it is monitored with a video signal detection circuit 4 if the video recorder 2 is in recording mode or not, a user-friendly decoder decrypting a coded television programme can be implemented in order to record programmes from a desired channel at a desired point of time on the basis of preprogramming. In the procedure according to the invention, no decoder timer is needed, and therefore programming of the decoder timer can be omitted, and a data link with the computer of the transmission end remains continuous, said decoder 1 being unperceived by the user because the user need not program it, and the recording being undisturbed therethrough. Using the procedure of the present invention in the recording arrangement of the coded programme, merely the programming of the timer 8 of the video recorder 2 and selection of the recording stand-by of the decoder 1 are sufficient. The user terminal of the decoder 1 may be regarded to be simple, and costs are thus saved. When the video recorder 2 is connected to record, the decoder 1 is always ready to decrypt an encryption because the data traffic comprising messages addressed individually to the decoder and keys for decrypting the encryption, can be received continuously (in the stand-by from the home channel, in active mode from the video connection), and in this manner the recording cannot fail because of any missing decryption keys or authorizations.
|Cited Patent
|Filing date
|Publication date
|Jan 15, 1986
|Jun 2, 1987
|Rca Corporation
|System for processing a scrambled video signal
|Sep 22, 1988
|Jul 31, 1990
|Satellite Technology Services, Inc.
|Video system and method for controlled viewing and videotaping
|Aug 7, 1989
|Feb 19, 1991
|Samsung Electronics Co., Ltd.
|Canal+ decoder switching circuit for video cassette recorders
|Citing Patent
|Filing date
|Publication date
|Sep 10, 1996
|Nov 9, 1999
|E-Stamp Corporation
|Method and system for electronic document certification
|Mar 1, 1999
|Oct 2, 2001
|Stamps.Com Inc.
|Method & system for electronic document certification
|Dec 11, 2002
|Jul 10, 2007
|Valve Corporation
|Method and system for enabling content security in a distributed system
|U.S. Classification
|International Classification
|Cooperative Classification
|European Classification
|Mar 9, 1993
Owner name: NOKIA TECHNOLOGY GMBH, GERMANY
Free format text: ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST.;ASSIGNOR:HEIKKINEN, ARI;REEL/FRAME:006493/0140
Effective date: 19930302
|Feb 17, 1998
|Fee payment
Year of fee payment: 4
|Feb 7, 2002
|Fee payment
Year of fee payment: 8
|Feb 3, 2006
|Fee payment
Year of fee payment: 12


text:
12-year-old charged with assault with weapon
On June 22, shortly after 5 p.m., members of the East Algoma Ontario Provincial Police (OPP) responded to a complaint that had occurred at a local bea
Police Briefs
OPP charge man with failing to provide breath sample
One unit in townhouse fire demolished
On June 21, at 10:25 p.m., members of the East Algoma OPP and Elliot Lake Fire Department responded to a fire at an apartment complex in Elliot Lake.
Police Brief
OPP respond to fire in Elliot Lake
Skate park dedicated to memory of William Lozier
On Saturday afternoon, Elliot Lake's newest skateboard park was dedicated to a man who was instrumental in getting it to become a reality.
Mountain bike racing returning to Elliot Lake
Mountain bike racing is coming back to Elliot Lake after a decade's absence.
BR Color Dash draws about 160 participants
Blind River's third Color Dash fundraising event was down by a little less than half of last year's number of participants in 2015.
Elliot Lake Arts Club to offer Summer Arts Retreat
The Elliot Lake Arts Club will be hosting its first Summer Arts Retreat in August.
Murray Finn honoured after receiving award
The Elliot Lake Amateur Theatre Ensemble (ELATE) honoured one of its long-time members for his contribution to the arts, after being recognized by the
UPDATE - City townhouse complex fire
On Wednesday, Captain Darren Connors of the Elliot Lake Fire Service, said the six-unit townhouse complex on Forest Place that caught fire Tuesday nig
Fire restriction declared in region
Three area fire departments have restricted all open-air burning.
Townhouse complex severely damaged by fire
A six-unit townhouse complex on Forest Place in Elliot Lake was severely damaged by fire Tuesday evening. At least three of the units appeared to be g


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Garden Grocer was easy to use, was on time and everything was there when it arrived at the hotel. They communicated by text to let me know when it was delivered. I HIGHLY recommend using their services.
I highly recommend garden grocer delivery service. It was so convenient. We were not required to be in our room for delivery. Bell services kept our groceries and delivered it when it was convenient for us.
Highly recommend


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Marshall Newswire (Page 7)
Comprehensive Real-Time News Feed for Marshall, MI. (Page 7)
Results 121 - 140 of 650 in Marshall, MI
Albion votes to send grades 6-8 to Marshall w/Photo
Albion votes to send grades 6-8 to Marshall The Albion Board of Education voted Monday to ask Marshall Public Schools to teach its middle schoolers in January. Check out this story on battlecreekenquirer.com: http://bcene.ws/1YxxocY Marshall Middle School student Zoie Banfield works on her art during a recent class. Comment?
SAFE Place leaders say they're in urgent need of cash w/Photo
... of a woman this month after an alleged beating by her husband or the shotgun wounding last Christmas of a woman in Marshall by her former boyfriend -- create an increase in crisis calls from victims and more requests for education and counseling. ... Comment?
Enbridge buys huge ad in Detroit News, says not to worry about Line 5 pipeline w/Photo
... the company's pipelines ruptured and spilled nearly one million gallons of oil into the Kalamazoo River outside of Marshall, Mich. It took the company 18 hours to learn of the spill. Additionally, new studies of the current patterns in the Straits ... Comment?
Remember-a-Vet donations w/Photo
... Taffy Gray, Battle Creek, in memory of Lt. Col. Jack M. Parrish - USAF, Donald H. Gray - USCG; Don and Beth Green, Marshall; Catherine Hannon, Battle Creek, in memory of John B. Quinn and Rev. Ed Rauscher; Marilyn Hosking, Battle Creek; Joyce ... Comment?
Angela Bass said last Christmas Eve was her worst nightmare. w/Photo
Prison for Homer man who shot ex-girlfriend in Marshall A Homer man, Brett Baldridge, was sentenced to at least 32 years in prison Check out this story on battlecreekenquirer.com: http://bcene.ws/1QPuuzr A Homer man, Brett Baldridge, was sentenced to at least 32 years in prison after a jury convicted him of shooting his former girlfriend just before last Christmas. Baldridge, 42, was sentenced Thursday to 20 to 40 years for his conviction of assault with intent to murder Angela Bass on Dec. 23, 2014. Comment?
Albion waits on middle school change w/Photo
The Albion Public Schools board has postponed a vote on whether to send its middle schoolers to Marshall Public Schools. Albion waits on middle school change The Albion Public Schools board has postponed a vote on whether to send its middle schoolers to Marshall Public Schools. Comment?
Prep hoops stars - Tuesday, Dec. 15 w/Photo
Prep hoops stars - Tuesday, Dec. 15 A look at the top boys and girls basketball performers from Tuesday. Check out this story on lansingstatejournal.com: http://on.lsj.com/1QLkCXp NIK SALAS, PORTLAND - Had 39 points and eight rebounds for the Raiders in a 98-95 five overtime loss to Marshall. Comment?
Anniversaries: James Mayhew & Thelma Mayhew w/Photo
... has three daughters: Dawn Mayhew of Rockford, Michigan, Teresa Mathis of Cleveland, Ohio and Rachelle Mayhew of Marshall, Michigan, Jim and Thelma have seven grandchildren and eleven great grandchildren. Their daughters join them in celebration of ... Comment?
City leaders cast no vote on Albion Public Schools annexation with Marshall w/Photo
... answers on things ranging from the repayment of Albion school bonds and operational debt to an estimate on how long Marshall would keep a school open in Albion. The next step goes to the Marshall School Board, which also must vote in favor of ... Comment?
Albion considering plan to send middle school students to Marshall in January w/Photo
If all the pieces fall into place in time, it could mean that Albion's sixth-, seventh- and eighth-graders could be attending Marshall Middle School in January. No final decision has been made yet, but this topic is expected to be discussed at a special Albion School Board meeting on Tuesday, Dec. 15, and a special Marshall School Board meeting on Wednesday, Dec. 16. "Right now, we're just exploring this," Albion School Board President Michael Bearman said. Comment?
Guitar Man Sculpture Reinstalled at Jon R. Hunt Plaza at Morris Performing Arts Center w/Photo
... exhibited at the South Bend Museum of Art, South Bend Regional Airport, Indiana University Gallery, Saugatuck and Marshall Michigan, Wisconsin, New York and Chicago at the Vance Galleries on Michigan Avenue. Beau's first commission piece, Inukshuk" ... Comment?
NRDC claims win on bitumen debate w/Photo
... Line 6b, carrying heavy oil through a broader network operated by Canadian company Enbridge, ruptured near Marshall, Mich., in 2010, dumping more than 25,000 barrels of oil into the surrounding community. More than 30 miles of the region's Kalamazoo ... Comment?
Albion City Council objects to school annexation plan Wednesday, December 9 w/Photo
... reports and plans on how the process will shake out and who will be left to pay the district's existing debt. Marshall has already taken on Albion's high school students. The current plan is to also hand over elementary and middle school operations ... Comment?
Albion annexation concerns expressed w/Photo
Albion annexation concerns expressed Marshall Public Schools hosted a forum Monday about potentially annexing Albion Public Schools. Check out this story on battlecreekenquirer.com: http://bcene.ws/1XZm1Kv Fifth grade Albion Public Schools students raise hands during a recent class. Comment?
... one son, Douglas Foulk of Montgomery; three sisters Evelyn and Myron Wolcott of Union City, Mich., Edith Smith of Marshall, Mich. and Lucile Miller of Tekonsha, Mich.; two brothers, Clyde Wallace of Terre Haute and William Miller of Tekonsha, Mich.; ... Comment?
Gun pulled on 2 women during road rage incident in St. Joseph County w/Photo
... news release. Police ask anyone with information about the vehicle or the incident to call the state police post in Marshall at 269-558-0500. Rex Hall Jr. is a public safety reporter for the Kalamazoo Gazette. You can reach him at [email protected] . ... Comment?
Tax implications uncertain for Albion-Marshall merger w/Photo
Tax implications uncertain for Albion-Marshall merger Amount of Albion's operational debt, yet unknown, would fall on Marshall residents if annexation is approved. Check out this story on battlecreekenquirer.com: http://bcene.ws/1QmHgoW Marshall Middle School student Zoie Banfield works on her art during a recent class. Comment?
Semi-truck driver sought after road rage incident in Calhoun County w/Photo
... van box near the landing gear. Anyone with information on this crash is asked to call Michigan State Police at the Marshall post at 269-558-0500. Comment?
Dashcam video shows semitrailer rollover in culmination of apparent road rage incident w/Photo
... Otsego man, suffered minor injuries from the crash and was treated and released from Oaklawn Hospital in Marshall. The man's dashcam footage of the incident was undamaged. Video of the incident -- located above this article -- shows the white ... Comment?
Cash-strapped Albion Public Schools takes steps to annex with Marshall w/Photo
... so Albion could maintain its identity as a school district. With annexation, Albion would become part of the Marshall district . With the Albion board's decision on annexation made, the next step goes to the Marshall School Board, which also must ... Comment?
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Naked and afraid? Pennsylvania haunted house invites thrill-seekers to be scared in the nude for Shoctoberfest
- The haunted house is based off the popular show on the Discovery Channel, 'Naked and Afraid'
- The haunted scream park is meant to introduce patrons to 'a new kind of fear'
- The dress code is 'nude or prude'
By Alexandra Klausner
PUBLISHED: 00:59 EST, 24 September 2013 | UPDATED: 04:48 EST, 24 September 2013
Afraid of ghosts? Afraid of being naked? Now you can combine both these fears into one giant scream fest.
Sinking Spring, Pennsylvania is opening its first 'haunted scream park that is meant to expose participants to 'a new kind of fear.'
In an event called Shoctoberfest adventurous crowds are invited to take the 'naked and scared' challenge based on a hit show on the Discovery Channel called, 'naked and afraid.'
Pennsylvania's "premier haunted scream park" will open this week with a naked haunted house
The naked haunted house in Pennsylvania will test people's fear of more than ghosts
A group of brave participants will be able to explore a haunted house--entirely naked. Participants are invited to take their clothes off (only if they feel comfortable doing so) in a 'semi private' space and will be lead naked with a bunch of strangers into a haunted house.
Once participants have been scared out of their skin, they are then led out into a courtyard to put their clothes back on--if they make it that far.
Minors are not allowed to participate and haunted house tours are not held on Sundays.
Oh, and there is a disclaimer:
'Shocktoberfest has created this experience so their customers can explore a new level of fear. This is about fear and pushing oneself out of their comfort zone. This is not about sex. No sexual misconduct, inappropriate or disrespectful behavior will be tolerated.Please note there is an additional cleaning charge if we scare the p*ss out of you!'
Tickets can be bought online for $20. Attire for the festivity is 'nude or prude.'
No comments have so far been submitted. Why not be the first to send us your thoughts, or debate this issue live on our message boards.
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The Clean Cut: Dad and daughter sing enthusiastic version of 'Let it Go'
Let It Go Remix (Dad and daughter duet in the car)
Many dad's have lip-synched to "Frozen" songs with their daughters, but Billy and Blakely Pittman like to sing out loud.
While the pair sings "Let it Go" together, Billy forgets most of the words, but he doesn't shy away from trying his best.
The video was posted June 23 and has more than 7 million views to date.
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