text:
America did not get their credit rating downgraded from an AAA to an AA under Bush - it was under Obama. Obama just can not seem to stop spending and giving out freebees.<quoted text>Funny. When bushie was in office, he had Congress for the first two years to.
And really, it was bushie who bankrupted Americans.
But then, you're timeline only begins from January 19, 2009.
Congress votes to force Postal Service to keep Saturday delivery
There are 155 comments on the reuters.com story from Mar 21, 2013, titled Congress votes to force Postal Service to keep Saturday delivery. In it, reuters.com reports that:
The financially beleaguered Postal Service suffered a setback in its plan to end Saturday delivery of first-class mail as Congress on Thursday passed legislation requiring six-day delivery.
Join the discussion below, or Read more at reuters.com.
#83 Mar 23, 2013
#84 Mar 23, 2013
WOW they can't get anything right....why do they get such high pay for doing so little good and a lot bad?
#85 Mar 23, 2013
Wheww, the lies and misinformation from the left are flying! Not to mention tha lack of literacy, but that is another post entirely.
The Post Office is an "independent establishment" of the executive branch. They are not allowed to borrow from the private sector, only the Treasury. In 2005 they had no debt. Yes, in 2006 Congress, with a Republican majority, mandated that they prefund retirement health care benefits. They found themselves overextended by $5.2 Billion. How is that the Republicans' fault? They saw the writing on the wall, is all. Since then the USPS has maxed out it's Treasury debt of $15 Billion. But they still have $11 Billion in funded retirement monies that they could use for operations, and that is what Congress is allowing them to do. I have had two carriers retire in their early 50's the past few years with cushy retirements for 20 years of service. Since they owe the taxpayers for that, it is time get real with the economy and the impact of the internet. These quasi-governmental agencies just never work out- the greed of the public sector without the market strength of the private sector.
#86 Mar 23, 2013
As for the sequester, Obama thought he could hold the economy hostage again since he and Dems can't seem to get real budget done. House Republicans passed 2 bills trying to ease the impact, but Harry Reid wouldn't even floor them. Pelosi called them "mindless" and sat on her fat arse. Boehner was driven to finally exclaim, "Do we have to pass 3 bills to get the Senate off their @ss and DO something?" Obama got his bluff called, and now he is making certain that the most vulnerable are punished. That'll teach 'em to defy his will.
#87 Mar 23, 2013
For me The Repubs have no choice but to stop pandering to the progressive Dems. They keep thinking they will win elections that way. The good times in real terms is evaporating. Started during the Bush years as the boomers slowed down their spending to prepare for retiring. Which is going to be rough for many of them. The fear of being called racists has neutered Repubs. Well, they are not going to win to many more elections pandering to another man's cultural background without demanding he has character.
#88 Mar 23, 2013
Most of your posts you're trying to CON people
And you're a tad inSULTing
Consultant seems right.....
#89 Mar 23, 2013
I am not trying to CON anyone. I do respond to the posts as they have responded to mine. I addressed Eric when he stated his opinion of me and I stated my opinion of him. To be asked if I am a citizen, or to be told I have no value because I do not agree with someone is stupid.
1 post removed
Since: Mar 09
The Left Coast
#91 Mar 23, 2013
Anybody know how the postal workers union lobbied for this? Just kidding!
#92 Mar 23, 2013
I agree he had no other choice based on what the GOP was unwilling to do.
You can give the GOP a free pass if you want for their part. But it's hard to ignore their "cheering" in the end.
#93 Mar 23, 2013
So when bushie left office, your position is the American economy was at it's zenith and turned as soon as Obama took office?
United States
#94 Mar 23, 2013
I'll bet you argue with fence posts, don't you?
Read the follwoing slowly.
I never said the USPS recieved congressional appropriations. I did say that money from the U.S. Treasury is still taxpayer money (note I didn't say congressionally appropriated), no matter how it is secured.
If they generated enough revenue to pay their expenses, including wages and legacy costs, we wouldn't even be talking about this. But they aren't and haven't been for several years now (wages currently eat up 80% of revenue). By 2006, they were already facing declining demand without sufficiently declining payrolls. Parce it however you want to, but that is a losing business proposition and if they were a private entity, facing the continued decline in demand that is already projected, they would be out of business. No one would give them a loan because they can't possibly pay it back without major changes to their business model.
But go ahead and keep blaming everyone except the workers, their union and that lovely, no lay-off guarantee that only an entity secured by guaranteed government loan or bailout could possibly get away with. Treasury or congress, that money, either way, is provided by taxpayers. But you will keep pettifogging that issue with your redundant arguments. At least it's amusing...and don't forget to throw in party affiliation digs (though I am a Democrat) and one or two about how smart you are compared to myself. No screed or rant would be complete without that to bolster your argument.
Since: Nov 08
#95 Mar 24, 2013
Whoops, another low information post. I never said they derived their revenue through taxes moron. Wipe the crap from your eyes and you'll read with more comprehension.
#96 Mar 24, 2013
Do you remember when Obama was campagning against McCain? Bush had an all Dem Congress, and he tried to get the Congress to work with him for the financial crisis and they would not. McCain told Obama he had to stop campaigning and get back to D.C. and Obama ignored him, and kept on campaigning until he seen he was looking like a fool. This is when the financial crisis started. It was not all of Obama's fault but it was all of the Dems fault.
#97 Mar 24, 2013
The Dems cheered when the Reps caved in for the taxes Obama got in Jan. Obama was promised to cut spending and now he is back for more tax increases and more spending. His spending just never quits and the middle class is almost gone. He said no new taxes when he campaigned and everyone got hit with a tax increase and a smaller pay check.
1 post removed
#99 Mar 24, 2013
If the post office doesn't derived revenue from Tax Revenues, what's it to you how much they're paid?
It's apparent and simple, you, as most Republican at the Base resent workers organizing and workers earning livable wages. At the crux of your resentment is you aren't capable of demanding similar compensation for your time or skills with an employer.
You work for peanuts and think everybody else should be subject to low wages and no benefits. If you were better skilled and educated your earning potential could be better.
#100 Mar 24, 2013
Obama has cut more than $500 Billion from the Record George Bush 2009 $1.4 Trillion Deficit.
Obviously he has demonstrated substantial spending reductions.
What kind of math are you applying, that suggest there hasn't been drastic spending cuts.
$300 Million was cut by Republicans from the State Department, that was the primary reason Ambassador Stevens was Killed in Benghazi.
I don't think you're aware of keeping up as much as you claim.
#101 Mar 24, 2013
Low Information...... you've proven you know so little about America and politics in America that it's evident you're a illegal alien living in the shadows.
Anybody as uninformed on the political process and Affairs of America as you should not be allowed to vote..... but, on the other hand Republicans depend on stooges like you to carry the Nitwit Propaganda
#102 Mar 24, 2013
The Crisis began in 2006 and slowly morphed to the Global Meltdown it eventually would become. The Policies that ushered on that Financial disaster, described by Bush as Financial Armageddon, were approved by the Republican Majority in 2003, and signed into law by George Bush.
The Dems has absolutely no play in the Collapse of America and the eventual Bush policy that Nationalized the Financial and Automobile Industry in America.
What occurred in 2008 was the culmination of Reaganques Trickle Down Economics. The 30 plus year quest to destroy the American Middle Class
#103 Mar 24, 2013
It nice you can read Obama's budget when he has not balanced one if 4 years. The one he put to the Senate - NOT ONE Dem voted yea on it. Where did he cut the 500 billion from?
The problem is Obama spends more than the tax payers can pay. His freebee programs,(his giving away our fighter jets, spending 4 million on a vacations and Biden spending over a million on his room in Rome) is about to bankrupt America and you seem to be OK with it. The middle class and the poor are the ones hurting and counting pennies while the Obama's live like the rich and famous on our dime.
Obama keeps wanting to tax the rich more - you know the guys (small business) that are providing us JOBS. When he taxes them more - the more the JOBS are done away with. You can not get blood out of turnip. Let Obama cut some of his 200 staff. He does not need a food taster - who does he think he is. Has he done so much crap to people that he is afraid? I have never heard of such a thing for a president to do. Does the kids and Michelle also have a food taster? This would be funny if it wasn't so stupid.
Your comment about Ambassador Stevens is to outrageous - according to what you are saying the budget cut that Obama has applied on the Military with the sequester is if America was attacked we could not defend ourselves since Obama made the cuts.
The reason there was no support given to Stevens is because of INCOMPETENCE OF THE WHITE HOUSE. The LIES that was told about the VIDEO for weeks when Obama and Hillary knew exactly what happened but Obama did not want to miss his opportunity to appear on Letterman. Don't try to blame the murder of Stevens on the Reps because it was our fearless leader and Hillary that MURDERED Ambassador Stevens and then LIED ABOUT IT. When the truth comes out and it will, the American people will be heard.
#104 Mar 24, 2013
The Dems had control of Congress in 2008. Bush did not do anything that was NOT APPROVED BY CONGRESS WHICH OBAMA played a part. Your claim of the 30 year quest to destroy America - included several Dem Presidents, and yet you blame the REPS. Interesting on how you figure your input.
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For-profit group eyeing Deaconess
Empire Health Services officials have notified local doctors and competitors that they are talking with the largest for-profit hospital system in the country, possibly about the sale of Deaconess Medical Center and Valley Hospital and Medical Center.
Community Health Systems Inc., of Franklin, Tenn., was the only "potential partner" discussed by name during meetings this year with medical executives about the future of Empire, Spokane's century-old nonprofit hospital system.
"They were the ones they mentioned," said Brian Seppi, president of the Spokane County Medical Society, who was among doctors and medical staff invited to weigh in on potential negotiations.
Community Health was also the only potential buyer specifically mentioned to officials at Sacred Heart Medical Center, Empire's leading competitor.
"We know that they have been part of the entourage that's come to town and are taking a look at Empire," Skip Davis, Sacred Heart's chief executive officer, said Wednesday.
"I talked to (Empire executive) Jeff Nelson about a week ago, and he shared that they were a candidate."
A deal is far from certain, and Community Health is only one of several potential investors or buyers that have expressed interest, Empire board member Judy Cole said Wednesday.
"It's safe to say we've had some good conversations with them," she said, declining to elaborate because of an agreement to keep talks with potential investors secret.
Yet the board's discussions with Community Health – which is poised to own more than 140 hospitals in 28 states – signal a willingness to consider a for-profit buyer whose entry into Spokane could radically alter the region's medical landscape.
"It certainly is the case that for-profit entities have a clear signal about what their goal is: They have to make enough money to keep their shareholders happy," said Carolyn Watts, a professor at the Resource Center for Health Policy at the University of Washington.
A firm focus on the bottom line may well be what's needed to ensure survival of Empire, which has rebounded from a $36 million deficit in 2004.
CEO Nelson is credited with a $40 million turnaround of the struggling system, whose two hospitals serve about 30 percent of the local medical market, according to state figures.
Despite the promising numbers, the board hired Cain Brothers last fall. The Wall Street hospital brokers were asked to help find "strategic partners" for Empire, a move industry analysts agree almost always signals a sale. Cain Brothers representatives didn't return a call on Wednesday. Neither did officials of Community Health or a public relations company that handles its media inquiries.
By any account, Community Health Systems Inc. is buying hospitals at a brisk rate.
Two weeks ago the firm announced a deal to buy Triad Hospitals Inc. for $6.8 billion. That move would give Community Health its first foothold in the Northwest through ownership of two hospitals in Oregon, including one south of Portland in McMinnville, and another in Springfield, near Eugene.
The hospital company, founded 22 years ago and traded publicly since 1991, focuses on hospitals in small cities.
Both Community and Triad have their hospital holdings concentrated in the South and in small cities. The Triad proposal will boost Community Health's annual revenues to about $10 billion.
If a for-profit buyer is the successful bidder for Empire Health, it will be the second time in Washington's history that a nonprofit hospital system is converted to a for-profit entity. In 2003, Health Management Associations Inc. of Florida acquired two Yakima hospitals owned by Providence Health System.
That was an unprecedented move in Washington. Of the state's 97 hospitals, only seven are for-profit, noted Watts, of the Resource Center for Health Policy.
"We're affectionately referred to as the Soviet of Washington in other places," said Watts, "although we aren't the only state that turns up its nose at for-profits."
The Empire change would trigger Washington's hospital conversion process, which requires the state attorney general to ensure that a nonprofit's charitable assets are protected.
The possibility of a for-profit buyer worries the medical community, said Seppi, of the medical society. Most of the 800 doctors represented by the society enjoy shared privileges and a sense of collegiality at Sacred Heart and at Deaconess, he said.
"My biggest fear is if there were a big split, that collaboration would be damaged," Seppi said.
That concern was echoed by Dr. Katherine Tuttle, director of research at Sacred Heart Medical Center, who spends about 20 percent of her time with Deaconess patients.
"I think it'd be very sad to see that facility go away," she said.
Officials at Sacred Heart, which is operated by Providence Health System, worry that a for-profit buyer might not uphold existing arrangements to share responsibility for charity patients and the uninsured.
"I don't think that we could block an acquisition process, but I certainly would like to be on the record about making sure they know that Spokane has a population that needs caring for," Davis said.
The question of competition would also loom large in a for-profit environment, he said. Sacred Heart and Empire now exist in an atmosphere of friendly challenge, in which they vie for certain segments of the market, but collaborate on others.
Community Health has a reputation for being community-minded in the cities in which they're the single hospital, but that could all change in Spokane, he said.
"In a competition environment based on the need to get a return out of their investment, their behavior might be very different," Davis said.
Smile. There are rarely better days than this
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Weekend Wild Card — June 25-26
You'll have to contend with Iron-type people, if you go downtown this weekend. They'll be practicing and strutting their muscular bodies on Saturday. And performing on Sunday. I'm curious what ...
"Walking with Peety"
Eric O'Grey, the Spokane Valley man whose story about losing more than 100 pounds with the help of a shelter dog went viral earlier this year, has a book deal. ...
Dam protests outside Obama's Seattle event
SEATTLE -- Environmental activists mixed Eastern and Western Washington concerns at a protest outside the site of President Obama's speech Friday. They called for the federal government to remove or ...
Why balloon payments aren't as fun as they sound
sponsored Jargon is confusing, by definition. And the financial world has its own set of cryptic words.

subset: commoncrawl


text:
Beta version 4 has arrived!
Beta version 4 is now available for most states on a trial basis, and version 3 remains available. Beta version 4 provides a single user interface (at http://ssdev.cr.usgs.gov/streamstats/) for all states that are implemented, rather than separate applications for each state, as in versions 2 and 3, and the user interface is more user friendly than previous versions. Limited beta version 4 documentation can be accessed by clicking on the Help button in the user interface. Also, information for user-selected ungaged sites currently cannot be obtained for the Arkansas, Arizona, Georgia, Iowa, Indiana, North Carolina, Oregon, South Carolina, Tennessee, and Washington because of unique functionality for those states that is not yet implemented. Users are encouraged to provide comments and report bugs by use of the Help button on the interface. See the StreamStats home page for a description of the differences in capabilities between version 3 and beta version 4.
Please help us conserve our server system resources by closing the Interactive Map window when you are finished using it. Doing to will help ensure system availablility for all users. Thank you. Please contact the StreamStats by email at firstname.lastname@example.com if you have any questions.
Pennsylvania StreamStats incorporates regression equations for estimating numerous streamflow statistics. Equations are included for estimating the 2-, 5-, 10-, 50-, 100-, and 500-year recurrence interval floods, which have the probability of exceedance in any single year of 50, 20, 10, 2, 1, and 0.2 percent, respectively. Equations also are included for estimating the 7-day, 10-year; 7-day, 2-year; 30-day, 10-year; 30-day, 2-year; and the 90-day, 10-year low flows, the 10-year, 25-year, and 50-year base flows, and the harmonic mean flow, and the mean annual flow. The reports below document the regression equations available in StreamStats for Pennsylvania, the methods used to develop the equations and to measure the basin characteristics used in the equations, references to GIS data layers used in the analysis, and the errors associated with the estimates obtained from the equations. Users should familiarize themselves with this report before using StreamStats to obtain estimates of streamflow statistics for ungaged sites.
- Roland, M.A., and Stuckey, M.H., 2008, Regression equations for estimating flood flows at selected recurrence intervals for ungaged streams in Pennsylvania: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2008-5102, 57 p.
- Stuckey, M.H., 2006, Low-flow, base-flow, and mean-flow regression equations for Pennsylvania streams: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2006-5130, 84 p.
Interactive Map
General information on the Interactive Map application, as well as specific sources and computation methods for basin characteristics are available here.
In addition to solving the above regression equations, Pennsylvania StreamStats can be used to delineate drainage areas and to provide the basin characteristics that are needed as input for the Baseline Streamflow Estimator (BASE) program, which can estimate daily mean streamflows for 1960-2008 for user-selected sites on ungaged streams. The estimates provided by BASE assume that flows at the selected site are minimally altered by human activities. Additional information on the BASE program, including instructions for downloading, installing, and operating the program are at the following web page:
Note: An adjustment factor is applied to the basin characteristic mean basin slope to more accurately replicate the values used to develop the regression equations. Mean basin slope is used in the regression equation for low-flow region 1. Both the raw (unadjusted) and adjusted basin slope values can be displayed using the BasinChars tool, however, only the adjusted value is displayed on the FlowStats form if the ungaged site of interest is within low-flow region 1.
StreamStats for Pennsylvania was developed in cooperation with the Pennsylvania Department of Protection, the Federal Emergency Management Agency, the Pennsylvania State Association of Township Supervisors, and the Susquehanna River Basin Commission.
Contact Us if you experience any problems with this application.


text:
Mir & XMir Performance
This is the first article in a series of blog posts on Mir's and XMir's performance. The idea is to provide further insights into the overall performance work, point out existing bottlenecks and how the team is addressing them.
Our overall goal for Mir and XMir is to provide an absolutely fluid user experience, both in the case of typical desktop usage as well as in the case of more demanding usage scenarios like 3D gaming. More to this, our efforts to provide a fluent user-experience on the desktop should at most have a minimal impact on overall 3D application performance.
During the last weeks and months, a lot of people have raised the question if and to what degree the introduction of a system-level compositor impacts graphical performance. The short answer is: Yes, any additional layer between the GPU and the actual rendering process has an impact on the overall perfor mance characteristics of the system.
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Industrial SBC builds on Raspberry Pi Compute Module
On Kickstarter, a "MyPi" industrial SBC using the RPi Compute Module offers a mini-PCIe slot, serial port, wide-range power, and modular expansion. You might wonder why in 2016 someone would introduce a sandwich-style single board computer built around the aging, ARM11 based COM version of the original Raspberry Pi, the Raspberry Pi Compute Module. First off, there are still plenty of industrial applications that don't need much CPU horsepower, and second, the Compute Module is still the only COM based on Raspberry Pi hardware, although the cheaper, somewhat COM-like Raspberry Pi Zero, which has the same 700MHz processor, comes close.


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As Members, Max Casella, Rosal Colón, ...
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As Members, Max Casella, Rosal Colón, Maggie Flanigan, Ethan Hawke, Jasmine Cephas Jones, Lisa Joyce, Lyle Kessler, Margaret Ladd, Alfredo Narciso, Chris Rock, Jonathan Marc Sherman, Ben Snyder, Lucy Thurber, and Aaron Roman Weiner will frequent the Labyrinth stage as cherished collaborators and continue to help the Company grow into its third decade of existence.
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StartUpHire is the place to find SEM/Media Marketing Manager jobs. Review the list of SEM/Media Marketing Manager career opportunities to the left. These SEM/Media Marketing Manager jobs represent some of the most rewarding careers available.
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Marketing Santa Clara, CA, United States SoundHound Inc. is creating and productizing transformative technologies that turn sound into understanding and actionable meaning. After amassing a global user community well over 265 million strong, a large portfolio of core5/10/2016 Santa Clara, CA Save This Job
The team at Octo Telematics North America is looking for an incredibly savvy, efficient, grab-the-bull-by-the-horns marketer who can truly do it all and, frankly, has done it before. Are you looking to create something? Looking to join a growing international team of really good6/13/2016 Newton, MA Save This Job
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Albert Edward Kenley
Sep. 13, 1939
Scott County
Kentucky, USA
Nov. 14, 1993
Jefferson County
Kentucky, USA
Albert was the son of
John Edward Kenley
Mary Caroline Honerkamp
. He married Barbara Sue Embry on September 6, 1960. Together they had three daughters, Wanda, Theresa and Tina. He later married
Ann Sparrow
and they had a son named
John Wayne
. Albert was my dad, I was a big daddy's girl (still am). He was a wonderful daddy. He always had time for me. My parents divorced when I was 2 1/2 and I went to live with my grandmother. My visits were on Tuesdays. Never once did he not show. He was always there when I got home from school, standing by his car, smiling and waiting for me. He took me to lots of places, out to eat, shopping, amusement parks, fishing, parks, Churchill Downs,picnics and just driving around exploring places that we hadn't been. He took me to get shots and to first days of school. When I started first grade I already knew how to read and count because my dad had taught me. He taught me to read while on our road trips, using the road signs. He taught me to count using his change jar as the tool. We would sit in the floor and pour it out and count for hours. He even taught me to drive some, sitting in his lap of course with him operating the gas & brake. When I started the eighth grade, I was living with my mother. She moved us from Louisville to Richmond, Ky. My dad came all the way from Louisville to enroll me in school while mom took my sisters to enroll them in the elemetery school. He didn't want me to have to go alone. Dad was a very even tempered man. I only saw him angry one time, that was when my step mom's dog ate his expensive diabetic shoes. Everyone liked my dad. When daddy died, he had two funerals, one in Louisville and one in Georgetown. My family was really surprised to see that about a hundred young black men showed up in tears. I wasn't surpised. I knew that dad would do things with these young boys that didn't have fathers around. I knew because I went with them on many fishing trips. When he died, I hurt so bad that I wanted to go with him. He was my "King Albert Edward Daddy Kenley" and I was his "Possum Head".
Georgetown Cemetery
Scott County
Kentucky, USA
Plot: Section D
Created by:
Wanda Kenley
Record added: Jun 26, 2005
Find A Grave Memorial# 11239607
Added by:
Wanda Kenley
Added by:
Wanda Kenley
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Robust loaf is better bread
September 16, 2015 This robust, lightly sweet bread is perfect as we transition into cooler weather. more »»
Pumpkin spice: Flavor of fall, hint of the past
September 16, 2015 LOS ANGELES — Once upon a time, pumpkin spice lived pretty much only in pies. That was a long time ago. more »»
Tenderloin gets horseradish kick
September 16, 2015 Taste of Home magazine Tenderloin with Horseradish Cream Cheese TOTAL TIME: Prep/Total Time: 20 min. more »»
Chasing the memory of a perfect noodle kugel
September 9, 2015 I have such nostalgia for noodle kugel, specifically the one my father's mother used to make it. This is particularly notable because she wasn't much of a cook, though her kugel was really quite good. more »»
Salad perfect for fall temps
September 9, 2015 Roasted Butternut Squash & Rice Salad TOTAL TIME: Prep: 25 min. + chilling Cook: 25 min. more »»
Easy baked apple treat for autumn
September 2, 2015 During my freshman year at the University of Vermont, I became a pro at apple picking, and at cooking up all those apples I picked. more »»
Less can be more
September 2, 2015 Tomato lovers wait for this moment all year, that moment when the plants in the garden are struggling under the weight of those gorgeous red (or yellow or orange or even green) orbs, and the tables... more »»
Paper-thin veggies make better salads
September 2, 2015 Want to build a better salad? Think thin. more »»
Give life to boxed mix
September 2, 2015 TOTAL TIME: Prep: 30 min. Cook: 20 min. more »»
Fast food targets snackers
September 2, 2015 NEW YORK — Forget the Big Mac attack. Now is the time of the snack attack. more »»
Natural colors
August 26, 2015 TARRYTOWN, N.Y. — Mozzarella cheese at Panera restaurants won't be as glaringly white. Banana peppers in Subway sandwiches won't be the same exact shade of yellow. more »»
Tasty sides for the win
August 26, 2015 Much like a star quarterback, grilled foods get all the glory when it comes to tailgating, but the often overlooked side dishes are the supporting players that help drive your menu to victory. more »»
Sweet potato fries fancy up picnic lunch
August 26, 2015 Rosemary Sweet Potato Fries Start to finish time: Prep, 15 minutes; bake, 30 minutes. more »»
Plantain provides healthy, grill-ready treat
August 26, 2015 In the summer, we eat outside nearly every day. Which translates into three months of meals to cook on the grill. more »»
Making the most of veggie's glut
August 12, 2015 At the end of the summer, we all are awash in corn, zucchini and tomatoes. This is, by and large, a good thing. more »»
This pasta is flavor-packed
August 12, 2015 If you've been out to eat at any trendy restaurant during the past five years or have watched any food competition show, you probably have heard of umami. more »»
Get to know buckwheat; a flavorful grain
August 12, 2015 It's high time we jumped on the buckwheat bandwagon. The nutty pyramid-shaped grain has been around for about 8,000 years, popular in part for its high protein and mineral content. more »»
A Flank Steak Frito Pie fit for feeding a summer crowd
August 4, 2015 This is one of those recipes that feels a little trashy, but it's so good you won't care. In case you haven't heard of it, Frito pie is a thin. more »»
Proposed label puts sugar in context
August 4, 2015 WASHINGTON — Wondering if you are eating too much added sugar? The nutrition label on your food may one day help you figure it out. more »»
Think pitchers for summer parties
August 4, 2015 A summer party is no time for mixing individual cocktails. That's what's called a buzzkill. Warm weather festivities demand easy food and even easier drinks. And we've got you covered. more »»


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Does Your Salad Need A Makeover?
Just because it's not a big bowl of pasta doesn't mean a salad can't be a shady way to overdo it in the calorie and fat department. Here's how to make this summer staple work for, not against you.
First, start with a good foundation, as in choose your lettuce wisely. "Lettuce provides fiber, vitamins, minerals, and phytochemicals for few calories," says Sharon Richter, R.D., a registered dietitian in New York City. "It's also a source of folate, and vitamin B, needed for the growth and repair of DNA in cells; plus, vitamin K, a nutrient linked to healthy bones; and potassium, a mineral important for healthy blood pressure, as well as a little calcium." But not all leaves are created equal. Richter dubs iceberg as "loser leaves — it's just a vehicle to get other foods in your mouth because it has hardly any nutrients," she says. The simple rule to stick by: "The darker the leaf, the more vitamins it contains," she explains. Your top picks should be spinach, romaine, arugula, kale, and chicory. "These contain the most folate and beta-carotene — an antioxidant that helps rid your body of disease-causing chemicals in addition to protecting your eyes and skin," she says.
Next, add some color — from green, red, yellow, orange, and purple. Raw veggies are not only super low in calories (so you don't have to pay crazy attention to quantity), they also offer a ton of nutrients such as fiber and antioxidants. Grilled vegetables are just as healthy, right? Not if you aren't the one firing them up and know exactly how they're prepared. At the salad bar they could be soaked in oil — literally — which can skyrocket the calorie count.
What's non-negotiable according to Richter? Protein. "It will keep you feeling satisfied and prevents cravings long after you've finished eating," she says. Ask for plain tuna (not mayo-heavy salad!), salmon, tofu, beans, chickpeas, or skinless chicken or turkey. "And try to get any protein as close to their natural state as possible for the greatest nutritional value," says Richter. For instance, a half cup of grilled chicken has only 61 calories while a half cup of fried chicken has 194 calories. Just watch your portion sizes with protein as well as legumes. "Legumes, such as lentils, while full of fiber, are also caloric," says Richter. "Three ounces, about the size of the palm of your hand is more than enough to have in your salad."
Some other yummy and good for you add-ons: a hardboiled egg or raw nuts. "Hard-boiled eggs are terrific, yolk included — it contains one hundred percent of the carotenoids, essential fatty acids, vitamins A, E, D, and K you need every day," says Richter. "And raw nuts are full of fiber, protein, and the healthy fats that keep you satiated." But be aware that both of these count as part protein and part good fat. "So you want to pay attention to servings size as they are calorie dense," she says.
What you absolutely want to steer clear of? Surprisingly somewhat standard salad go-to's such as croutons (aka fried bread, says Richter) and cheese. Well, kind of: "One ounce of cheese contains up to 120 calories and 9 grams of fat," says Richter, "but if it's a source of your daily dairy, then use lower-fat soft cheese, such as goat or feta, or sprinkle one tablespoon of grated parmesan, which is only 25 calories."
Finish off with one healthy fat and a healthy dressing. "Limit yourself to one or two healthy mono-unsaturated fat per salad (aside from the dressing), such as nuts, seeds, olives, or avocado," says Richter. "Ten olives or 1/4 cup of nuts (the size of a golf ball) add flavor and tons of nutrients." Oh, and think candied walnuts count? No chance. "You might as well add Skittles to your salad," says Richter.
Whenever you can, reach for a DIY dressing over the store-bought bottles. "Make your own with vinegar, mustard, oil, and herbs or lemon," she says. And again, watch how many times that ladle goes into that honey mustard: "Honey-mustard dressing can be more than 200 calories per ¼ cup, which is only about one ladle," says Richer. "Even worse, ¼ cup of ranch or Caesar packs about 300 calories." And even though the fat-free label is tempting, Richter says there are other hidden unhealthy culprits such as a ton of salt and sugar.
Photo: Courtesy of PACHD
- Wellness |
- Salad Recipes | Healthy Salad Ingredients — Best Vegetables To Eat
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6 Listings:
EXIT Realty Bitterroot Valley, Inc. is a full service real estate company that is part of the EXIT system in North America. EXIT Realty provides marketing services for a variety of properties. Craig extends the real estate element to business sales and valuation.
Craig Siphers
EXIT Realty Bitterroot Valley, Inc.
An Assisted living Center is for sale in Montana! This is a class "A" facility, meaning the residents only need assistance with 4 or less tasks a day, such as Meals, Bathing, Dressing and medications. It is unique in its approach being it is one of a kind experience in the United States. Which is why there is currently resident waiting list to reside in this facility.
Surrounded by pastures views of Montana's majestic mountains. Lakes and Rivers all within 5minutes of the facility for senior outing. The beautiful facility has seen steady monthly growth with lots of room for further expansion. If you have a desire to care for others and love the Montana lifestyle then this is something you have got to see.
The purchase price includes the real estate with a value of $750K! Because over 50% of the purchase price includes real estate you may be able to qualify for a 25 year SBA loan on the whole business reducing your monthly loan amount. The seller is also open to some seller financing. Call or email us now to find out more about this amazing and one of a kind opportunity. firstname.lastname@example.com
Scobey, MT
Great opportunity to get into the motel business. Clean, well taken care of business that's the nicest in Scobey. Owner has kept up with deferred maintenance, mattresses, televisions, paint, carpet, etc. She has 31 new air conditioners ready for installation.
Owner is planning on retirement and wants to enjoy the warm areas during winter.
Contact Earl Handy for financials and further information.
Gardiner, MT
Yellowstone Basin Inn is an amazing property, offering its guests a perfect Montana mountain experience. With its close proximity to Yellowstone National Park, its possibilities are endless! If you ever thought of owning your own business in the mountains, this is it!
Unique opportunity to own an amazing 14+ room Inn just 5 mi from Yellowstone Nat Park. This beautifully manicured property has been upgraded & expanded every year since current owners purchased in 2004, making it the ultimate destination for Yellowstone visitors who want the quintessential Montana/Yellowstone experience.
Lewistown, MT
This excellent opportunity is a fully active, operating motel located in Lewistown, Montana. It has excellent highway access just on the edge of a widely known recreational area. There are 28 rentable rooms and a managers' quarters. The SID is $2822 per year and is included in the RE taxes. Financial records can be provided to serious, qualified buyers. Please call to set an appointment to view this property.
Florence, MT
Profitable multiple profit center business in the Bitterroot Valley, Montana. This property occupies over 2 acres and has 15,000 square feet under roof producing nearly $1,000,000 in gross revenue. Enjoy managing this fast paced business and developing the potential to take it to the next level.
Lincoln County, MT
This is rugged Montana living at it's best. This bed and breakfast and hunting lodge with restaurant is a great business or a perfect hideaway from big city living. Plenty of room for guests since the lodge can serve 45 clients at any given time. Hunting, fishing, hiking, skiing, Canada trips, white water river rafting, gold panning. The owner has a nice website showing all the suites and cabins in the lodge. The chance of a lift time to own your own 7.5 acres in The Last Best Place, Montana. Property is available for an additional 495K through the owner.
Please call the broker for further information about this business.
Attention Business Owners: We are always in search of quality businesses to list, so if you are thinking of selling your business or would like to acquire another business, please email us at email@example.com or call us at 1-877-735-5224 to discover the difference that is Vested Business Brokers.
Hamilton, MT
Wonderful motel w/highway frontage. Located in downtown Hamilton with superior traffic counts. 16 motel rooms (6 w/kitchenette) and Manager's living quarters include 3 bed/1.5 bath, 2 car garage/shop. Well maintained property and buildings. New roof. Lighted covered walkways, patio area for guests, paved driveway and pkg, Highway signage in place. Walk to downtown area shopping and services.
With multiple streams of revenue flowing in from Casio - Bar - Restaurant and Hotel, this is your opportunity knocking. With 40 total rooms available, this 24,000 square foot hotel was built in 1904 by a local pioneer. Continual remodeling has kept this historic hotel up to date. With the communities only 24 hour restaurant on site there is always someone to feed. Having great local elk, deer, upland game birds and strong waterfowl populations this hotel is a desirable destination during hunting season. Boasting a strong school system and active community booster group you expand your Montana dream of community living in a safe neighborhood.
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Hotels in Fogliano Redipuglia, Italy
Search & Compare Fogliano Redipuglia Hotels
Trending now in Fogliano Redipuglia
Hotels in Fogliano Redipuglia
- Most bookedHotel Major
525 people looked at this hotel in the last hour
Most recent review
"Was realy good stay, rooms are big and staf was exelent !!!!!!"
A Traveller, Apr 2016, US
418 people looked at this hotel in the last hour
Most recent review
"This excellent hotel in a good location must be one of the best value properties we have stayed in during our extended European holiday. The room was modern, clean and quiet, and the included breakfast was extensive and good."
A Traveller, Sep 2015, AU
15 people looked at this hotel in the last hour
Most recent review
"lovely hotel, charming staff. out of town a BIT, BUT parking available, and a good restaurant. the pool is a fab plus in Italian summer! VERY easy for traveling. breakfast was great--quite elaborate, from cheeses to coldcuts, yogurts, fruit, breads, cereals--BUT also their own homemade strudel an..."
A Traveller, Aug 2015, US
12 people looked at this hotel in the last hour
Most recent review
"This is a cozy, lovely quaint hotel. Very friendly with wonderful staff. Will stay there again."
A Traveller, Sep 2015, US
10 people looked at this hotel in the last hour
Most recent review
"Very nice hotel. We stayed one night following a cruise. Room was modern and clean. Very quiet neighborhood, but away for the center of the city which made it difficult to find a place to eat. Staff provided a map, but it was of little use. Hotel restaurant was closed. It was being used as a culi..."
A Traveller, Jul 2015, US
7 people looked at this hotel in the last hour
Most recent review
"Wonderful food and hospitality Unfortunately only used this as a base as we were visiting Italian relations."
W, May 2016, GB
6 people looked at this hotel in the last hour
Most recent review
"Was good overall, old rooms, hardly electric connections for free wifi etc.friendly staff and simple breakfast"
A Traveller, Aug 2014, US
4 people looked at this hotel in the last hour
Most recent review
"Pleasent hosts, grat location, good restaurant, nice amenities. Matress passed its good days and no air condition but in general good experience"
A Traveller, May 2015, US
3 people looked at this hotel in the last hour
Hotels within 10 miles of Fogliano Redipuglia
5 people looked at this hotel in the last hour
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If you are looking for Fogliano Redipuglia hotels in a particular area, you can use the search feature at the top of the page to search by neighborhood, landmark, address or zip code, or you can search by using the built-in map feature. You can also browse hotels in Fogliano Redipuglia by type, amenities, and star-rating so that you can find the best hotel. Currently, top rated hotels in Fogliano Redipuglia are:
- Hotel Franz
- Al Ponte
- Europalace Hotel
- Agriturismo Borg da Ocjs
- Sam Hotel
The location of your Fogliano Redipuglia hotel is important. If you are traveling to Fogliano Redipuglia, &StateorCountry for business, you may want to consider getting a hotel close to the airport or near your meeting venue. By doing so, you can really cut down on transportation costs and time. You may also want to book a hotel that offers free wifi just in case you need to get some work done.
If you are traveling for vacation, figure out which attractions or landmarks you want to see and book a hotel that is within close proximity. Although hotels near attractions might cost a little more, you may find that spending those extra few dollars is worth the convenience. You can even find hotels that align with your interests. For example, if you are looking for a relaxing vacation, a spa hotel may be the perfect choice for you.
You'll also want to determine which type of accommodations will suit your needs before booking a hotel in Fogliano Redipuglia. If you're traveling with the kiddos, a family friendly hotel will offer larger rooms and more sleeping arrangements. For those traveling for an extended period of time, booking a hotel suite with a kitchenette is a smart move and will feel a little more like home. If you are budget conscience and just need a place to rest your head, a hostel or motel may be all you need.
If you are looking to score the best discounts and deals, use the filter to sort by price from low to high. You can book a hotel in Fogliano Redipuglia for as low as &PricesFrom per night. If you are looking to cut down on expenses, look for hotels that include free breakfast and parking. Some hotels even offer free shuttle service to and from nearby places. You can also sort by star rating, proximity, and guest rating.
Before you book, check out user reviews. Hotels.com has 0 reviews in Fogliano Redipuglia. We show reviews from Expedia and TripAdvisor so you know that you are reading genuine, reliable reviews. Be sure to download the Hotels.com app so you can book your reservations on the go, view amenities, and save the hotels you want to view and compare later.


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tube stack japanese
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text:
Has anyone stayed with Crees cress-manu.org or can recommend? The tours look very interesting and it's in Manu but I can't find any recommendations, good or bad..
I would be greateful for feedback.
Recent ActivityView all South America activity »
- 1 Get Passport Online, Drivers License, Birth Certificate,ID
- 2 Time in Lima, then Guayaquil, Manta
- 3 Galápagos Islands: Yacht Angelito
- 4 Tarapoto
- 5 Cusco and Machu Picchu
- 6 Transportation: Cusco Airport to Ollantaytamba train station
- 7 Some Nature/Bird Lodges in Colombia
- 8 Buenos Aires/Argentina 10+ Day, Solo Woman Traveler
- 9 Peru in December
- 10 Antarctica on the Vavilov-How to book?
- 11 Machu Picchu - any good hiking guide companies?
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Crees organisation and foundation and Manu Learning Centre
Has anyone stayed with Crees cress-manu.org or can recommend? The tours look very interesting and it's in Manu but I can't find any recommendations, good or bad..
Report Abuse
They own the Manu Learning Centre, and are top in their field on trip advisor - check it out;
Report Abuse
They are doing a great job at Manu and the Learning Centre is also recommended but there are no reviews of people who booked tours through them. I thought I would check before booking..
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Ronaldo kicks off mangrove campaign in Bali
Soccer star accepts title of 'mangrove care ambassador'
June 26, 2013
Real Madrid player Cristiano Ronaldo, who has been named 'Bali's mangrove care ambassador,' today launched a 'Save the Mangroves, Save the Earth' campaign by planting trees in Badung regency on Bali island.
President Susilo Bambang Yudhoyono, First Lady Ani Yudhoyono and a number of cabinet members were present at the event.
"I thank Mr. President and the first lady," said Ronaldo. "I am delighted to come to Indonesia and I hope my role in Bali can provide encouragement and initiatives to save the mangroves."
He told reporters he accepted the ambassador role after his encounter with Tomy Winata, an Indonesian tycoon, who met him in Spain four months ago.
"He invited me to be ambassador of the Bali mangrove care forum. I accepted it," he said.
According to media reports, Ronaldo's interest in mangrove conservation started when he met Martunis, an eight-year old boy who survived the Aceh tsunami in 2004 by clinging to a mangrove tree.
When the boy was discovered he was wearing Portugal's national team jersey with Ronaldo's name on it. Ronaldo brought the boy to Europe and introduced him to his fellow players.
Thousands of school children and local people witnessed the tree planting event.
In a brief speech, President Yudhoyono said the presence of the Portuguese striker is inspirational, and can teach young people to care for the mangrove forest.
"Indonesia has more than 130 million hectares of tropical forest, 3.7 million hectares of it are mangroves that require attention," Yudhoyono told the audience.
Mangrove forests are much prized by environmentalists as they can absorb four to five times more carbon emissions times than land-based forest.
Marriage: Making sense of Nepal's complex culture
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Party watchdog to conduct more inspections of state bodies
Chinese security agency created to oversee the persecution of Falun Gong group is among those to be inspected
Marian devotees challenged to be missionaries
Filipinos mark 150 years since Redemptorist priests became custodians of Our Lady of Perpetual Succour icon
Government instructs against using 'Rohingya' or 'Bengalis'
Myanmar's new term 'Muslims in Rakhine State' is debated and seen as controversial
Religious groups step up liquor ban demand in Kashmir
State government rejects call for prohibition saying consumption is a 'matter of choice'


text:
Having read articles like this and this and this, I'm still unclear on how to play/pause/seek large audio tracks in javascript with time precision.
I'm developing an animation library which allows you to create animation timelines that would control WebGL buffers and DOM elements and pretty much anything else. Here is a screenshot:
I just got to audio tracks, and what it needs is:
- Ability to play large tracks
- Play/Pause
- Seek
- Time precision
- It would be a bonus to be able to have audio effects and control their parameters at precise times.
I have used the audio element before to play an animation in sync with the music. I used to update the animation's clock with the audio element's
currentTime property. I remember that
currentTime was not very reliable. In Chrome, I used to offset
currentTime by a large number compared to the precise times I would extracted using Adobe Audition, and in FireFox, I would offset even more — 50ms if I recall correctly. And I did that just to keep thing in sync on my machine, and perhaps most of my visitors. Two years later now, with new version of Chrome and Firefox, it seems I should tweak that
offset variable to get things in sync again.
Obviously, that's not the best approach.
Now, for my new application, I figured I could get precision with Audio API and just schedule to play tracks on precise times, but then the problem will be how to play large tracks (some 15 minutes long, overlapping), and yet have play/pause/seek for multiple tracks, etc. Memory/perf would also be important.
What approach would fit these needs?
For clarity, the use case is something like Adobe After Effects or Premiere or any other software that comes with a timeline for visual effects with audio in sync.


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Id like to just get even.
Look up NGPHF news. Ameritrade has it as most other sources.
June first.. Maybe some news then.
Non whatever but the new consortium should help it along.
Interesting what that will do for the stock price.
Can you give us the jest of it ?
Check Northerns latest news release..
My guess is Musk/Tesla..


text:
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text:
|Publication number
|Publication type
|Publication date
|Jul 8, 1969
|Filing date
|Mar 21, 1966
|Priority date
|Mar 21, 1966
|Publication number
|Jack S Scoggin
|Original Assignee
|Phillips Petroleum Co
|Export Citation
|BiBTeX, EndNote, RefMan
|Patent Citations (2), Referenced by (14), Classifications (13)
|External Links: USPTO, USPTO Assignment, Espacenet
J- S. SCOGGIN Jul 8, 1969 PROCESS FOR PREPARING BLOCK COPOLYMERS OF OLEFINS Filed March 21. 1966 INVENTOR J.S.SCOGG1N d A TTORNEVS United States Patent US. Cl. 260878 7 Claims ABSTRACT OF THE DISCLOSURE Block copolymers of olefins are formed by polymerizing one monomer in a multi-compartment reactor, transferring the monomer to a second multi-compartment reactor with or without separation of the first monomer, and polymerizing a second monomer onto the first formed polymer in a second'multi-compartment reactor.
This invention relates to a process for the polymerization of olefins. In one aspect, it relates to the process of a block polymerization of two olefins by polymerizing the first olefin in one multi-compartmented reactor, and polymerizing the second olefin onto the first in a second multi-compartmented reactor. In another aspect, it relates to the production of block copolymers of mono-1- olefins by polymerizing the first of the mono-1-o1efins in an upright cylindrical multi-compartment reactor, transferring the polymer thus formed to a second upright cylindrical multi-compartment reactor where a second mono-l-olefin monomer is added and polymerized onto the polymer formed of the first mono-l-olefin. In another aspect, it relates to the preparation of block copolymers of mono-l-olefins by polymerizing a first mono-l-olefin in a multi-compartment reactor, separating the polymer thus formed substantially from the monomer, and transferring the separated polymer to a second multi-compartment reactor where a second mono-l-olefin is added and polymerized onto the polymer formed in the first reactor.
It is known that mono-l-olefins can be polymerized sequentially in such a manner that the polymer molecules contain distinct polymer segments or blocks which are non-identical and which contribute significantly to the properties of the total polymer. The preparation of block copolymers is described in British patent specification No. 889,659 of Phillips Petroleum Company. One type of polymer which can be made in accordance with the procedure described is a polymer in which each block is made up essentially of only one type of monomer. In this case the polymerization of each monomer is carried out in the substantial absence of a difierent monomer. It has been found that very valuable properties can be obtained by copolymerizing mono-lolefins in this manner and that similar results cannot be realized by making physical blends of different homopolymers based on the same monomers and combined in the same proportions. For example, block copolymers of ethylene and propylene can be prepared so that the polymer molecules contain a polyethylene block and a polypropylene block. This product has much better impact strength and low temperature properties than does a physical blend of polyethylene and polypropylene of the same proportions of ethylene and propylene. Additionally, a polymer of intermediate properties can be made by polymerizing the second monomer onto the polymer first formed in the presence of a small amount of the first monomer. This process obviates the necessity of substantially separating the first formed polymer from its monomer prior to contact with the second monomer. In such a process, the amount of the second monomer is very large in relation to the amount of the first monomer present in the second stage of the polymerization so that the polymer blocks added will be predominantly of the second monomer.
Although block copolymers of the type described above can be readily prepared on a laboratory scale, in continuous commercial operations many problems are involved which are not present in conventional processes directed to the formation of homopolymers or random copolymers of the same monomers. One of the difficulties lies in obtaining complete removal of unreacted monomer or consumption of all of the monomer which is used first so that it will not be present in the system when the second monomer is polymerized. Another very critical problem is that of maintaining the first polymer and the catalyst associated therewith in an active state so that when the second monomer is polymerized, the second block is added to the molecules of the first polymer. If the first polymer is inactivated during the procedure in which the monomers are being changed, the result obtained is merely a physical blend of independent homopolymer molecules so that the advantages of block copolymerization as discussed above are not realized.
It has been proposed that processes of this type could be made continuous and conducted in an economical fashion if a series of reactors were used for each of the two polymerization steps. However, it was discovered that the use of two reactors in series, either of the pipe loop type or of the tank type was unsatisfactory because of short circuiting of the catalyst in the first reactor, with the result that some of the catalyst had a very short residence time in the reactor.
It is, therefore, an object of my invention to provide a continuous process for the formation of block copolymers of olefins. It is a further object of my invention to provide a continuous process for block copolymerization wherein short circuiting of catalyst is prevented. It is still a further object of this invention to provide a process for the production of ethylene-propylene block copolymers in an economical continuous fashion.
Other aspects, objects and the sereval advantages of this invention are apparent to one skilled in the art from a study of this disclosure, drawing, and the appended claims.
According to my invention, a first mono-l-olefin is introduced to a reactor containing a plurality of stirred reaction chambers in series so that the monomer and catalyst introduced with the monomer progress serially from one section to another under polymerization conditions, and the polymer thus formed is transferred to a second similar multi-compartment reactor, where a second mono-l-olefin is polymerized onto the polymer first formed. In one embodiment, the first formed polymer is transferred to the second reactor along with a small quantity of the first mono-l-olefin monomer, and the second polymerization will cause a mixture of polymers of both the first and the second mono-l-olefins to 'be polymerized onto the first formed polymer. In other embodiments, the first mono-1- olefin monomer is substantially removed from the first formed polymer before the second mono-l-olefin monomer is polymerized onto the polymer.
The present invention is of significant value as applied to the block copolymerization of ethylene and propylene. The invention can be used, however, for the block copolymerization of any mono-l-olefin having from two to eight carbon atoms, such as l-butene, l-pentene, or methyl-l-pentene, l-octene, and the like.
The catalyst which is employed can be any of the catalyst systems commonly referred to as coordination polymerization catalysts. Such catalysts are formed from at least two components, one of which is a compound of a metal selected from Groups IVB, V-B, VI-B or VIII of the Periodic Chart, as presented in Handbook of Chemistry and Physics, Chemical Rubber Company, 45th edition, 1964, page B2, and the second component is a reducing agent, normally an organometal, metal hydride, or metal of Groups I-A, II-A or III-A. These catalyst systems are well known and many examples are available from the literature. Examples of component combinations which are representative include n-butyllithium and titaniurn tetraiodide; dicyclopentylzinc and titanium butoxide; ethylmagnesium bromide and titanium hydride; triethylaluminum or triphenylaluminum and molybdenum pentachloride; sodium hydride, barium hydride or gallium hydride and iridium chloride; sodium, magnesium or aluminum and vanadium tetrachloride, and the like.
The catalyst systems used in this invention must, of course, be capable of polymerizing mono-l-olefins in mass polymerization and under conditions such that solid polymer is produced in particle form. Preferably the catalyst components include a metal salt and an organometal compound as the reducing agent. A particularly suitable catalyst is one which comprises (a) a compound having the formula R MX wherein R is an alkyl, cycloalkyl or aryl radical or combinations of these radicals, such as alkaryl, aralkyl and alkylcycloalkyl, X is hydrogen or a halogen, including chlorine, bromine, iodine and fluorine, M is aluminum, gallium, indium or thallium, n is from 1 to 3, inclusive, m is from to 2, inclusive, and the sum of m and n is equal to the valance of the metal M, and (b) a halide of a metal of Group IV-B, V-B, VI-B or VIII. The hydrocarbon radicals which can be substituted for R in the aforementioned formula include radicals having up to about 20 carbon atoms each. Radicals having carbon atoms or less are preferred since the resulting catalyst composition has a greater activity for initiating the polymerization.
Examples of compounds corresponding to the formula R MX include triethylaluminum, triisobutylaluminum, triphenylaluminum, triethylgallium, tricyclohexylgallium, tri-n-butylindium, triethylthallium, diethylaluminum hydride, ethylaluminum dichloride, diethylaluminum chloride, phenylgallium dibromide, eicosyl aluminum diiodide, di-(3-phenyl-l-methylpropyl) indium chloride, and the like.
Preferably the metal salt is a metal halide of a Group IV-B metal, namely titanium, zirconium, hafnium or germanium. These solids include both the triand tetrachlorides, bromides and iodides and can be used individually or as mixtures of two or more metal halides. The preferred salt is titanium trichloride and the preferred catalyst system is diethylaluminum chloride plus the reaction product of aluminum and titanium tetrachloride, said reaction having the approximate formula TiC1 A AlCl In these catalyst systems, the mole ratio of the reducing agent to the metal salt is usually in the range of 1:1 to 10:1, and preferably in the range of 2:1 to 5:1. Concentration of the catalyst in the polymerization zone is normally in the range of 0.01 to 5 weight percent based on the monomer charged to that zone, although greater or lesser amounts can be used. In the polymerization of the first monomer, an inert liquid hydrocarbon diluent is used. Preferably this is a saturaated hydrocarbon including the parafiins and cycloparaifins having from 3 to 12 carbon atoms per molecule such as propane, n-butane, n-hexane, n-heptane, n-dodecane, isooctane, cyclopentane, cyclohexane, and the like.
Polymerization conditions are maintained in both polymerization stages so that the polymer is formed as a solid particle and the reaction mixture is a slurry of solid polymer and liquid diluent or liquefied monomer. Suitable polymerization temperatures can vary from about 0 to 200 F. and are preferably maintained in the range of about 90 to 150 F. The pressure is that required to maintain the reaction medium in the liquid phase although higher pressures can be used.
The reactors used in the process of my invention can be any type of reactor tank which contains a plurality of compartments and having the inlet and outlet means so arranged that materials introduced into the reactor will necessarily pass through each of the said compartments before emerging through the outlet. By means of such an arrangement, short circuiting of either monomer or catalyst is prevented. The reactor is conveniently an upright cylindrical tank having a plurality of horizontal baflles forming a series of compartments, with stirring means in each of said compartments. A reactor of the type which can be conveniently used in the practice of my invention is described and claimed in US. Patent 3,212,859 (Oct. 19, 1965) to Mitacek. A reactor of the general type described can be operated liquid full, in which case catalyst and monomer may be introduced at the bottom of the tank, and polymer removed from the top.
On the other hand, it is possible to reverse the flow of reaction through the reactor by operating with only a pool of liquid on each bafile. The baflles are so arranged that liquid and solid from each bafile will fall onto the bafile below. The stirring means are arranged to agitate the polymer slurry between bafiles. In this case the reactor will contain a series of individual pools of slurry flowing serially into each other down the length of the reactor. As stated above, my invention can be practiced either by removing the polymer from the first reactor as a slurry in the monomer, and conducting this directly to the second reactor, or the polymer can be substantially separated from the first monomer so that the second polymerization will take place in the substantial absence of the first monomer. Various means can be used to separate the polymer from the monomer. For example, a series of cyclone separators can be used for concentration and washing of the polymer as is disclosed and claimed in my Patent 3,176,000, issued Mar. 30, 1965. Another method of separating the polymer from the monomer is by compacting suspended solids in an auger, as for example, as shown in US. Patent 3,203,766 to Mudd et al., issued Aug. 31, 1965. Other methods of separation could be used as well, as for example, centrifugation or filtration.
It is possible to operate zones of the compartmented reactor at different temperatures by providing separate cooling systems on the jacket of each compartment. Thus it is possible to control the molecular weight distribution of the polymer produced.
It is also possible to operate zones of the compartmented reactor at difierent monomer or comonomer concentrations, thus providing a control over molecular weight distribution.
FIGURE 1 shows an embodiment of my invention wherein there is no separation of the polymer from the first monomer prior to the second polymerization stage. FIGURE 2 shows another embodiment wherein the first monomer is substantially separated from the polymer before the polymer is conducted to the second polymerization stage. FIGURE 3 is a different embodiment of my invention wherein the first reactor operates as an overflow reactor, the polymer is separated from the monomer by means of serial cyclones, and the second reactor operates as a liquid full reactor.
In the embodiment in FIGURE 1, I have shown the monomers being introduced at the bottom of the reactors, and the reactors operating liquid full. Liquid propylene is introduced to the reactor through line 1, and catalyst through line 2. These materials introduced at the bottom of the reactor will flow upwardly through each of the compartments formed by bafiles 3. The reactor is maintained under conditions suitable for the polymerization of propylene, and thus polymer will be formed as the liquids progress upwardly. There will be sufiicient upward flow of liquids to carry the solid polymer particles thus formed to the top of the reactor. Within each of the compartments in the reactor, agitation is provided by means of stirring paddles 4 which are connected through shaft 5 to motor 6. Temperature conditions are maintained within the reactor by means of cooling jacket 7. Coolant is introduced to this jacket through inlet 8 and removed through outlet 9.
A flow of proylene monomer containing suspended polypropylene is removed from the top of the reactor through line 11. This flow is taken through cooling jacket 12 in order to reduce the temperature of the mixture to the proper polymerization temperature condition for the second stage of polymerization. The polypropylene in propylene slurry is introduced to reactor 13 through line 14 and intermingles with ethylene introduced through line 16. The ethylene so introduced will generally be gaseous, and will be brought into the reactor by means of a sparge ring. The ethylene and some of the propylene will polymerize onto the polypropylene particles as the liquids flow upward through the reactor. In this reactor, as in the first reactor, there are a number of compartments formed by baflles 17. Stirring of each compartment is provided by stirring paddles 18, connected through shaft 19 to motor 21. Temperature conditions in the reactor are controlled by cooling jacket 22. Coolant is introduced to this jacket through line 23, and removed through line 24. The block copolymer product is removed from the top of reactor 13 through line 23. This block copolymer is really a mixed block copolymer because both propylene and ethylene have polymerized simultaneously in reactor 13 onto the pure polyproylene blocks formed in reactor 7. It is called a block copolymer because it contains polyproylene blocks but it probably does not contain pure polyethylene blocks; these are made according to FIG- URES 2 and 3.
The embodiment shown in FIGURE 2 shows a downward flow of reactants through a liquid-filled reactor. It also shows separation of the first monomer from the polymer before the polymer is conducted to the second polymerization stage. In this embodiment, propylene is introduced to the top of the reactor through line 41 and catalyst through line 42. Liquid propylene and solid polymer concentrate above baflle plate 43 until sufficient height is attained to overflow weir 44. Overflow slurry will fall onto baflie 46 and be collected there until it attains sufiicient height to overflow weir 47. In like fashion, liquid slurry will progress to each baflie plate successively until reaching the bottom of the reactor. In each of the compartments, agitation of the slurry will be provided by stirring paddles 48 which are connected by shaft 49 to motor 51. The stirring paddles will be run at sufficient speed to maintain the solid polymer particles formed in suspension so that the polymer particles will overflow to weirs with the liquid flow. At the bottom of the reactor, the slurry of polypropylene in propylene will be conveyed downwardly by auger 52. This anger, in conjunction with restriction 53, will serve to form a compact polymer mass which will express the liquid propylene upwardly. This expression, and the removal of the propylene monomer from the polymer, can be aided by the introduction of an inert solvent such as isobutane through line 54 as shown. Isobutane, liquid propylene, catalyst, and soluble polymer which are washed from the compacted mass are removed from the reactor through line 67. This slurry can be treated elsewhere for separation of these various components. The polymer removed from the bottom of the settling leg will be almost 100 percent solid polypropylene. The polypropylene particles will be slurred with an inert diluent introduced through line 56, and conducted through cooling jacket 57 where the slurry is cooled to the proper temperature for the second stage of polymerization. The cooled slurry of polymer and diluent is introduced to reactor 57 at the top, where it will fall on baflle plate 58. The baffle plates of this reactor are provided with overflow weirs 59, as in the previous reactor. Gaseous ethylene is introduced to each 6 baffle plate through line 61, and is conveniently distributed around the baffle plate by means of a sparge ring. Agitation of each compartment of this reactor is provided by stirring paddles 62 which are connected by shaft 63 to motor 64. The copolymer formed in this reactor is removed through line 66 at the bottom of the reactor. As in the previous embodiment, the two reactors are conveniently provided with cooling jackets for maintenance of the desired temperature within the reactors.
While FIGURE 2 shows the polymer separation means of the first reactor as being a settling leg at the bottom of the reactor, it should be recognized that a separate settler could be used equally well. Furthermore, the polymer could be washed free of catalyst residues by means of a proylene wash through line 54, rather than an isobutane wash as disclosed above. This would, of course, result in a higher propylene content in the polymer than with the isobutane wash.
In the embodiment I have shown in FIGURE 3, propylene monomer is introduced through line 71, and catalyst through line 72 to the top of an overflow reactor similar to that shown in FIGURE 2. The entering liquid will fall on baffle plate 73, and accumulate until it reaches suflicient polymer concentration to overflow weir 74. The polymer will thus proceed downwardly through the reactor by overflowing the weirs at successive levels. Agitation at each level is provided by stirring paddles 76 connected through shaft 77 to motor 78. The slurry of polypropylene in propylene taken from the bottom of the reactor through line 79 is introduced to first cyclone 81, where it is concentrated to about 50 weight percent solids. The overhead from this cyclone, consisting of propylene soluble catalyst, and soluble polymer is taken through line 82 and returned to the reactor. The concentrated polymer slurry is removed from the cyclone through line 83 and conducted to second cyclone 84. The polymer slurry is contacted in this cyclone with the overhead product from third cyclone 86 through line 87. The overhead from cyclone 84 consists of propylene and some inert diluent present in the overhead from the third cyclone. This overhead from cyclone 84 is taken through line 88 for fractionation and reuse of the components. The polymer slurry from cyclone 84 is taken through line 89 to third cyclone 86. In this cyclone it is contacted with an inert diluent, such as isobutane, introduced through line 90 and 91. The overhead from cyclone 86 is returned to second cyclone 84 as described above. The polymer slurry from cyclone 86, which is now substantially propylene free, is taken through line 92. and is joined with additional isobutane from line 93 before being introduced to reactor 94. Ethylene is introduced to this reactor through line 95. In the embodiment demonstrated, I have used a liquid full type reactor for the block polymerization of ethylene; substantially as described in FIGURE 1. The polypropylene slurry, and the ethylene introduced from the bottom of reactor 94, will progress upwardly as polymerization occurs, being agitated within each compartment by stirring paddles 96. The copolymer product formed in reactor 94 consisting of essentially percent blocks of polypropylene and polyethylene is removed overhead through line 97.
In the embodiments as discussed above, the first polymerization reaction has been the polymerization of propylene, and the second reaction has been the addition of ethylene polymer to the propylene already formed. It should be recognized that these two reactions could be reversed, or that two entirely diiferent monomers could be copolymerized by the process of my invention. Furthermore, although the propylene polymerization as discussed above has been described as being without a diluent, it is within the scope of this invention to have an inert diluent present during the polymerization. It is further within the scope of this invention to form mixed polymers, as for example forming an ethylene-propylene copolymer in the first reactor, and subsequently adding EXAMPLE In FIGURE 1, 132,846 pounds per stream day of propylene containing 6,930 pounds of propane and 24 pounds of ethylene are fed via stream 1 to the primary reactor. Stream 2 consists of 46 pounds per stream day titanium trichloride complex, 154 pounds per stream day n-pentane, and 36 pounds per stream day of diethylaluminum chloride. The primary reactor is operated at 130 F., 625 p.s.i.a., and approximately 3 hours polymer residence time. Stream 11 composition in pounds per stream day is: 84,500 pounds propylene, 6,930 pounds propane, 154 pounds pentane, 2,850 pounds soluble polymer, 45,520 pounds particulate polypropylene, 46 pounds titanium trichloride complex; and 36 pounds of diethylaluminum chloride.
The secondary reactor 13 is operated at 60 F., 615 p.s.i.a., and approximately 1 hour residence time. Stream 16 composition in pounds per stream day is: 16 pounds ethane, 19,710 pounds ethylene, 4,950 pounds propylene, and 211 pounds propane.
Composition of stream 23 in pounds per stream day is 16 pounds ethane, 10,830 pounds ethylene, 94,300 pounds propylene, 7,571 pounds propane, 154 pounds pentane, 3,630 pounds soluble polymer, 56,810 pounds particulate copolymer, 46 pounds titanium trichloride complex and 36 pounds diethylaluminum chloride. The copolymer produced is a block copolymer having high fiexural modulus and low temperature impact strength.
Examples for FIGURES 2 and 3 are the same as above with the exception that substantially all of the propylene in the feed to the secondary reactor is displaced with a diluent such as isobutane and the ethylene feed contains no appreciable propylene. Polymers produced in FIGURES 2 and 3 are substantially 100 percent block polymers having high impact strength at low temperatures and high fiexural modulus.
Reasonable variation and modification are possible within the scope of the foregoing disclosure, the drawing and the appended claims to the invention, the essence of which is that block copolymers of monoolefins are formed by polymerizing one monoolefin in a first multicompartment reactor, transferring the polymer thus formed to a second multi-compartment reactor where a second mono-l-olefin is polymerized onto the first formed polymer.
I claim:
1. A continuous process for forming block, copolymers from different mono-I-olefins which comprises:
(a) introducing a first mono-l-olefin monomer and catalyst into the inlet end of first elongated polymerization reaction zone, said first zone being divided into a plurality of polymerization chambers or compartments arranged in series and with the further proviso that each chamber is provided with an agitator so that the polymerization mass is intimately mixed and moved serially through said chambers from the inlet end of the reaction zone to the outlet end of the reaction zone;
(b) subjecting said first monomer and catalyst to polymerization conditions of temperature in each of said compartments to form a reaction mass comprising homopolymer, unreacted monomer and catalyst, said polymerization mass being serially moved through each of said polymerization chambers from the inlet end to .the outlet end of said first reaction zone;
(c) agitating the polymerization mass comprising unreacted monomer, catalyst and homopolymer produced in each chamber so as to obtain intimate contact between monomer and catalyst so that bypassing of catalyst within the polymerization zone is substantially prevented;
(d) withdrawing from the outlet end of said reaction zone a reaction mass comprising homopolymer, unreacted monomer and catalyst;
(e) passing the reaction mass withdrawn from said first reaction zone in step ((1) along with a second mono-l-olefin monomer to the inlet end of a second elongated polymerization reaction zone which is also divided into a plurality of polymerization chambers or compartments arranged in series;
(f) subjecting the polymerization mass introduced into said second reaction zone and second monomer to polymerization conditions and agitation in each of the chambers in said second reaction zone to form a second polymerization mass comprising block copolymer, unreacted monomer and catalyst under conditions such that the polymerization mass is moved from the inlet end of said second reaction zone to the outlet end of said second reaction zone and through each of said agitated compartments whereby bypassing of catalyst within said second zone is substantially prevented and a block copolymer is formed; and
(g) withdrawing from the outlet end of said second reaction zone a polymerization mass comprising block copolymer, unreacted monomer and catalyst.
2. A process according to claim 1 wherein each of said reaction zones is an upright cylindrical zone and wherein the monomers are introduced into the base of each reaction zone and each of the reaction zones is operated liquid-full with the polymerization mass being removed from the top of each reaction zone.
3. A process according to claim 1 wherein there is downward flow of reactants through each reaction zone which are operated liquid-full and further wherein there is separation of the first monomer from the polymerization efiluent removed from the outlet end of said first reaction zone by compacting the polymerization mass to remove unreacted first monomer therefrom before transfer to the second reaction zone.
4. A process according to claim 1 wherein the re actants move downwardly through each of the elongated reaction zones which are operated liquid-full and the effluent from the first reaction zone is subjected to centrifugal force in a plurality of cyclone separation zones to separate unreacted first monomer therefrom by gravitational separation prior to contacting with the second monomer in a second elongated polymerization reaction zone.
5. A process according to claim 1 wherein said first monomer is propylene and said second monomer is ethylene.
6. A process according to claim 3 wherein separation is aided by the addition of an inert diluent during compaction.
7. A process according to claim 4 wherein an inert diluent is added to at least one of said cyclone separation zones to aid separation.
References Cited UNITED STATES PATENTS 3,318,976 5/1967 Short 260-878 3,347,955 10/1967 Renaudo 260878 SAMUEL H. BLECH, Primary Examiner.
M. I. TULLY, Assistant Examiner.
|Cited Patent
|Filing date
|Publication date
|Dec 3, 1965
|May 9, 1967
|Shell Oil Co
|Production of modified polyolefin
|Jul 24, 1964
|Oct 17, 1967
|Phillips Petroleum Co
|Process for making block polymers of olefins
|Citing Patent
|Filing date
|Publication date
|May 17, 1965
|Aug 25, 1970
|Phillips Petroleum Co
|Block copolymers prepared by feeding batch prepolymer into a continuous reactor
|Apr 12, 1976
|Feb 5, 1980
|Imperial Chemical Industries Limited
|Polymerization process
|Aug 22, 1979
|Sep 22, 1981
|Imperial Chemical Industries Limited
|Polymerization process
|Apr 6, 1983
|Nov 27, 1984
|Atlantic Richfield Company
|Process for the continuous production of star-block copolymers of a monovinyl aromatic monomer and a conjugated diene
|Aug 30, 1982
|Jan 8, 1985
|Mitsubishi Chemical Industries Limited
|Process for continuously producing propylene-ethylene block copolymer
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|Exxon Research & Engineering Co.
|Molecular weight distribution modification in a tubular reactor
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|Graft polymers of functionalized ethylene-alpha-olefin copolymer with polypropylene, methods of preparation, and use in polypropylene compositions
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|Charles Cozewith
|Molecular weight distribution modification in a tubular reactor
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|The Dow Chemical Company
|Vertical continuous reactor
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|Pechiney Emballage Flexible Europe
|Transparent multilayer polypropylene container with barrier protection
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|Jan 26, 2010
|Ball Corporation
|Polypropylene container and process for making the same
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|Apr 17, 2012
|Ball Corporation
|Polypropylene container and process for making the same
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|Sumitomo Chemical Co
|Verfahren zur kontinuierlichen herstellung von kristallinen aethylen-propylen- blockcopolymeren
|U.S. Classification
|International Classification
|Cooperative Classification
|European Classification